1802 files changed, 284369 insertions, 60126 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 87fcc5f6ff..a05241916c 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 /GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /GIT-CFLAGS
 /GIT-LDFLAGS
-/GIT-GUI-VARS
+/GIT-PREFIX
+/GIT-PERL-DEFINES
+/GIT-PYTHON-VARS
+/GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
+/GIT-USER-AGENT
 /GIT-VERSION-FILE
 /bin-wrappers/
 /git
@@ -19,6 +23,8 @@
 /git-bundle
 /git-cat-file
 /git-check-attr
+/git-check-ignore
+/git-check-mailmap
 /git-check-ref-format
 /git-checkout
 /git-checkout-index
@@ -26,10 +32,12 @@
 /git-cherry-pick
 /git-clean
 /git-clone
+/git-column
 /git-commit
 /git-commit-tree
 /git-config
 /git-count-objects
+/git-credential
 /git-credential-cache
 /git-credential-cache--daemon
 /git-credential-store
@@ -66,9 +74,9 @@
 /git-index-pack
 /git-init
 /git-init-db
+/git-interpret-trailers
 /git-instaweb
 /git-log
-/git-lost-found
 /git-ls-files
 /git-ls-remote
 /git-ls-tree
@@ -92,12 +100,12 @@
 /git-name-rev
 /git-mv
 /git-notes
+/git-p4
 /git-pack-redundant
 /git-pack-objects
 /git-pack-refs
 /git-parse-remote
 /git-patch-id
-/git-peek-remote
 /git-prune
 /git-prune-packed
 /git-pull
@@ -119,9 +127,10 @@
 /git-remote-fd
 /git-remote-ext
 /git-remote-testgit
+/git-remote-testpy
+/git-remote-testsvn
 /git-repack
 /git-replace
-/git-repo-config
 /git-request-pull
 /git-rerere
 /git-reset
@@ -149,7 +158,6 @@
 /git-svn
 /git-symbolic-ref
 /git-tag
-/git-tar-tree
 /git-unpack-file
 /git-unpack-objects
 /git-update-index
@@ -158,36 +166,47 @@
 /git-upload-archive
 /git-upload-pack
 /git-var
+/git-verify-commit
 /git-verify-pack
 /git-verify-tag
 /git-web--browse
 /git-whatchanged
 /git-write-tree
 /git-core-*/?*
-/gitk-git/gitk-wish
 /gitweb/GITWEB-BUILD-OPTIONS
 /gitweb/gitweb.cgi
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.js
 /gitweb/static/gitweb.min.*
 /test-chmtime
-/test-credential
 /test-ctype
+/test-config
 /test-date
 /test-delta
 /test-dump-cache-tree
+/test-dump-split-index
 /test-scrap-cache-tree
 /test-genrandom
+/test-hashmap
 /test-index-version
 /test-line-buffer
 /test-match-trees
+/test-mergesort
 /test-mktemp
 /test-parse-options
 /test-path-utils
+/test-prio-queue
+/test-read-cache
+/test-regex
+/test-revision-walking
 /test-run-command
 /test-sha1
+/test-sha1-array
 /test-sigchain
+/test-string-list
 /test-subprocess
 /test-svn-fe
+/test-urlmatch-normalization
+/test-wildmatch
 /common-cmds.h
 *.tar.gz
 *.dsc
@@ -212,11 +231,13 @@
 /config.mak.autogen
 /config.mak.append
 /configure
+/unicode
 /tags
 /TAGS
 /cscope*
 *.obj
 *.lib
+*.res
 *.sln
 *.suo
 *.ncb
diff --git a/.mailmap b/.mailmap
index 19c8726232..ece2951a2b 100644
--- a/.mailmap
+++ b/.mailmap
@@ -5,65 +5,250 @@
 # same person appearing not to be so.
 #
 
+<nico@fluxnic.net> <nico@cam.org>
+Alejandro R. Sedeño <asedeno@MIT.EDU> <asedeno@mit.edu>
 Alex Bennée <kernel-hacker@bennee.com>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <fork0@t-online.de>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <raa@limbo.localdomain>
+Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> <raa@steel.home>
+Alex Vandiver <alex@chmrr.net> <alexmv@MIT.EDU>
 Alexander Gavrilov <angavrilov@gmail.com>
+Alexander Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com>
+Alexey Shumkin <alex.crezoff@gmail.com> <zapped@mail.ru>
+Alexey Shumkin <alex.crezoff@gmail.com> <Alex.Crezoff@gmail.com>
+Anders Kaseorg <andersk@MIT.EDU> <andersk@ksplice.com>
+Anders Kaseorg <andersk@MIT.EDU> <andersk@mit.edu>
 Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@gmail.com>
-Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+Amos Waterland <apw@debian.org> <apw@rossby.metr.ou.edu>
+Amos Waterland <apw@debian.org> <apw@us.ibm.com>
+Ben Walton <bdwalton@gmail.com> <bwalton@artsci.utoronto.ca>
+Benoit Sigoure <tsunanet@gmail.com> <tsuna@lrde.epita.fr>
+Bernt Hansen <bernt@norang.ca> <bernt@alumni.uwaterloo.ca>
+Brandon Casey <drafnel@gmail.com> <casey@nrlssc.navy.mil>
+brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> Brian M. Carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx>
+brian m. carlson <sandals@crustytoothpaste.ath.cx> <sandals@crustytoothpaste.net>
+Bryan Larsen <bryan@larsen.st> <bryan.larsen@gmail.com>
+Bryan Larsen <bryan@larsen.st> <bryanlarsen@yahoo.com>
+Cheng Renquan <crquan@gmail.com>
 Chris Shoemaker <c.shoemaker@cox.net>
-Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com>
-Dana L. How <how@deathvalley.cswitch.com>
+Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> <chrisw@osdl.org>
+Cord Seele <cowose@gmail.com> <cowose@googlemail.com>
+Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de> <chs@ckiste.goetheallee>
+Csaba Henk <csaba@gluster.com> <csaba@lowlife.hu>
+Dan Johnson <computerdruid@gmail.com>
+Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com> <how@deathvalley.cswitch.com>
+Dana L. How <danahow@gmail.com> Dana How
 Daniel Barkalow <barkalow@iabervon.org>
+Daniel Trstenjak <daniel.trstenjak@gmail.com> <daniel.trstenjak@online.de>
+Daniel Trstenjak <daniel.trstenjak@gmail.com> <trsten@science-computing.de>
+David Brown <git@davidb.org> <davidb@quicinc.com>
 David D. Kilzer <ddkilzer@kilzer.net>
 David Kågedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
+David Reiss <dreiss@facebook.com> <dreiss@dreiss-vmware.(none)>
 David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
 Deskin Miller <deskinm@umich.edu>
 Dirk Süsserott <newsletter@dirk.my1.cc>
-Fredrik Kuivinen <freku045@student.liu.se>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@bonde.sc.orionmulti.com>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@tazenda.sc.orionmulti.com>
-H. Peter Anvin <hpa@trantor.hos.anvin.org>
+Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com> <ebb9@byu.net>
+Eric Hanchrow <eric.hanchrow@gmail.com> <offby1@blarg.net>
+Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
+Erik Faye-Lund <kusmabite@gmail.com> <kusmabite@googlemail.com>
+Eyvind Bernhardsen <eyvind.bernhardsen@gmail.com> <eyvind-git@orakel.ntnu.no>
+Florian Achleitner <florian.achleitner.2.6.31@gmail.com> <florian.achleitner2.6.31@gmail.com>
+Franck Bui-Huu <vagabon.xyz@gmail.com> <fbuihuu@gmail.com>
+Frank Lichtenheld <frank@lichtenheld.de> <djpig@debian.org>
+Frank Lichtenheld <frank@lichtenheld.de> <flichtenheld@astaro.com>
+Fredrik Kuivinen <frekui@gmail.com> <freku045@student.liu.se>
+Frédéric Heitzmann <frederic.heitzmann@gmail.com>
+Garry Dolley <gdolley@ucla.edu> <gdolley@arpnetworks.com>
+Greg Price <price@mit.edu> <price@MIT.EDU>
+Greg Price <price@mit.edu> <price@ksplice.com>
+Heiko Voigt <hvoigt@hvoigt.net> <git-list@hvoigt.net>
+H. Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl> H.Merijn Brand <h.m.brand@xs4all.nl>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@bonde.sc.orionmulti.com>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@smyrno.hos.anvin.org>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@tazenda.sc.orionmulti.com>
+H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> <hpa@trantor.hos.anvin.org>
+Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@google.com> Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@xs4all.nl>
 Horst H. von Brand <vonbrand@inf.utfsm.cl>
-İsmail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
-Jay Soffian <jaysoffian+git@gmail.com>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@fieldses.org>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@pig.linuxdev.us.dell.com>
+J. Bruce Fields <bfields@citi.umich.edu> <bfields@puzzle.fieldses.org>
+Jakub Narębski <jnareb@gmail.com>
+James Y Knight <jknight@itasoftware.com> <foom@fuhm.net>
+# The 2 following authors are probably the same person,
+# but both emails bounce.
+Jason McMullan <jason.mcmullan@timesys.com>
+Jason McMullan <mcmullan@netapp.com>
+Jason Riedy <ejr@eecs.berkeley.edu> <ejr@EECS.Berkeley.EDU>
+Jason Riedy <ejr@eecs.berkeley.edu> <ejr@cs.berkeley.edu>
+Jay Soffian <jaysoffian@gmail.com> <jaysoffian+git@gmail.com>
+Jeff King <peff@peff.net> <peff@github.com>
+Jeff Muizelaar <jmuizelaar@mozilla.com> <jeff@infidigm.net>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> <axboe@suse.de>
+Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
+Jens Lindström <jl@opera.com> Jens Lindstrom <jl@opera.com>
+Jim Meyering <jim@meyering.net> <meyering@redhat.com>
 Joachim Berdal Haga <cjhaga@fys.uio.no>
-Jon Loeliger <jdl@freescale.com>
-Jon Seymour <jon@blackcubes.dyndns.org>
-Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
-Junio C Hamano <junio@twinsun.com>
-Karl Hasselström <kha@treskal.com>
+Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <J.Sixt@eudaptics.com>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <j.sixt@viscovery.net>
+Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org> <johannes.sixt@telecom.at>
+John 'Warthog9' Hawley <warthog9@kernel.org> <warthog9@eaglescrag.net>
+Jon Loeliger <jdl@jdl.com> <jdl@freescale.com>
+Jon Loeliger <jdl@jdl.com> <jdl@freescale.org>
+Jon Seymour <jon.seymour@gmail.com> <jon@blackcubes.dyndns.org>
+Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> <jrnieder@uchicago.edu>
+Jonathan del Strother <jon.delStrother@bestbefore.tv> <maillist@steelskies.com>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> <josh@freedesktop.org>
+Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> <josht@us.ibm.com>
+Julian Phillips <julian@quantumfyre.co.uk> <jp3@quantumfyre.co.uk>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <gitster@pobox.com>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@hera.kernel.org>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@kernel.org>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@pobox.com>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junio@twinsun.com>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@cox.net>
+Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> <junkio@twinsun.com>
+Karl Wiberg <kha@treskal.com> Karl  Hasselström
+Karl Wiberg <kha@treskal.com> <kha@yoghurt.hemma.treskal.com>
+Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de> <karsten.blees@dcon.de>
+Karsten Blees <blees@dcon.de> <karsten.blees@gmail.com>
+Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> <kay.sievers@suse.de>
+Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> <kay@mam.(none)>
+Kazuki Saitoh <ksaitoh560@gmail.com> kazuki saitoh <ksaitoh560@gmail.com>
+Keith Cascio <keith@CS.UCLA.EDU> <keith@cs.ucla.edu>
 Kent Engstrom <kent@lysator.liu.se>
+Kevin Leung <kevinlsk@gmail.com>
+Kirill Smelkov <kirr@navytux.spb.ru> <kirr@landau.phys.spbu.ru>
+Kirill Smelkov <kirr@navytux.spb.ru> <kirr@mns.spb.ru>
+Knut Franke <Knut.Franke@gmx.de> <k.franke@science-computing.de>
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line ! de>
 Lars Doelle <lars.doelle@on-line.de>
+Lars Noschinski <lars@public.noschinski.de> <lars.noschinski@rwth-aachen.de>
 Li Hong <leehong@pku.edu.cn>
-Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
-Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@evo.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org.(none)>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org>
+Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> <torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org>
+Lukas Sandström <luksan@gmail.com> <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
+Marc Khouzam <marc.khouzam@ericsson.com> <marc.khouzam@gmail.com>
+Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@gmail.com>
+Marco Costalba <mcostalba@gmail.com> <mcostalba@yahoo.it>
+Mark Levedahl <mdl123@verizon.net> <mlevedahl@gmail.com>
+Mark Rada <marada@uwaterloo.ca>
+Martin Langhoff <martin@laptop.org> <martin@catalyst.net.nz>
+Martin von Zweigbergk <martinvonz@gmail.com> <martin.von.zweigbergk@gmail.com>
+Matt Draisey <matt@draisey.ca> <mattdraisey@sympatico.ca>
+Matt Kraai <kraai@ftbfs.org> <matt.kraai@amo.abbott.com>
+Matt McCutchen <matt@mattmccutchen.net> <hashproduct@gmail.com>
+Matthias Kestenholz <matthias@spinlock.ch> <mk@spinlock.ch>
+Matthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de> <smurf@kiste.(none)>
+Matthias Urlichs <matthias@urlichs.de> <smurf@smurf.noris.de>
 Michael Coleman <tutufan@gmail.com>
 Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net> <michaeljgruber+gmane@fastmail.fm>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@redhat.com>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@mellanox.co.il>
+Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@kernel.org> <mst@dev.mellanox.co.il>
 Michael W. Olson <mwolson@gnu.org>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> <mfwitten@MIT.EDU>
+Michael Witten <mfwitten@gmail.com> <mfwitten@mit.edu>
+Michal Rokos <michal.rokos@nextsoft.cz> <rokos@nextsoft.cz>
 Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>
-Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@bluebottle.com>
+Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> <vmiklos@suse.cz>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
+Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> <namhyung@kernel.org>
+Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@lavabit.com> <nanako3@bluebottle.com>
 Nanako Shiraishi <nanako3@lavabit.com>
+Nelson Elhage <nelhage@mit.edu> <nelhage@MIT.EDU>
+Nelson Elhage <nelhage@mit.edu> <nelhage@ksplice.com>
 Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
-<nico@fluxnic.net> <nico@cam.org>
+Nick Stokoe <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk> Nick Woolley <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk>
+Nick Stokoe <nick@noodlefactory.co.uk> Nick Woolley <nickwoolley@yahoo.co.uk>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nicolas.morey@free.fr>
+Nicolas Morey-Chaisemartin <devel-git@morey-chaisemartin.com> <nmorey@kalray.eu>
+Nicolas Sebrecht <nicolas.s.dev@gmx.fr> <ni.s@laposte.net>
+Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org> <paolo.bonzini@lu.unisi.ch>
+Pascal Obry <pascal@obry.net> <pascal.obry@gmail.com>
+Pascal Obry <pascal@obry.net> <pascal.obry@wanadoo.fr>
+Pat Notz <patnotz@gmail.com> <pknotz@sandia.gov>
+Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> <paulus@dorrigo.(none)>
+Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> <paulus@pogo.(none)>
+Peter Baumann <waste.manager@gmx.de> <Peter.B.Baumann@stud.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
+Peter Baumann <waste.manager@gmx.de> <siprbaum@stud.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
+Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se> <peter@svarten.intern.softwolves.pp.se>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> <pasky@suse.cz>
+Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz> <xpasky@machine>
+Phil Hord <hordp@cisco.com> <phil.hord@gmail.com>
+Philip Jägenstedt <philip@foolip.org> <philip.jagenstedt@gmail.com>
+Philipp A. Hartmann <pah@qo.cx> <ph@sorgh.de>
 Philippe Bruhat <book@cpan.org>
+Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com> <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>
 Ramsay Allan Jones <ramsay@ramsay1.demon.co.uk>
-René Scharfe <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
+René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx>
 Robert Fitzsimons <robfitz@273k.net>
-Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net>
-Santi Béjar <sbejar@gmail.com>
+Robert Shearman <robertshearman@gmail.com> <rob@codeweavers.com>
+Robert Zeh <robert.a.zeh@gmail.com>
+Robin Rosenberg <robin.rosenberg@dewire.com> <robin.rosenberg.lists@dewire.com>
+Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger.nijlunsing@gmail.com> <rutger@nospam.com>
+Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger.nijlunsing@gmail.com> <git@tux.tmfweb.nl>
+Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com> <rda@google.com>
+Salikh Zakirov <salikh.zakirov@gmail.com> <Salikh.Zakirov@Intel.com>
+Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net> <sam.vilain@catalyst.net.nz>
+Sam Vilain <sam@vilain.net> sam@vilain.net
+Santi Béjar <santi@agolina.net> <sbejar@gmail.com>
 Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
+Sebastian Schuberth <sschuberth@gmail.com> <sschuberth@visageimaging.com>
+Seth Falcon <seth@userprimary.net> <sfalcon@fhcrc.org>
 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
-Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com>
+Simon Hausmann <hausmann@kde.org> <simon@lst.de>
+Simon Hausmann <hausmann@kde.org> <shausman@trolltech.com>
+Stefan Beller <stefanbeller@gmail.com> <stefanbeller@googlemail.com>
+Stefan Beller <stefanbeller@gmail.com> <sbeller@google.com>
+Stefan Naewe <stefan.naewe@gmail.com> <stefan.naewe@atlas-elektronik.com>
+Stefan Naewe <stefan.naewe@gmail.com> <stefan.naewe@googlemail.com>
+Stefan Sperling <stsp@elego.de> <stsp@stsp.name>
+Štěpán Němec <stepnem@gmail.com> <stepan.nemec@gmail.com>
+Stephen Boyd <bebarino@gmail.com> <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
+Steven Drake <sdrake@xnet.co.nz> <sdrake@ihug.co.nz>
+Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com> <sgrimm@sgrimm-mbp.local>
+Steven Grimm <koreth@midwinter.com> koreth@midwinter.com
+Steven Walter <stevenrwalter@gmail.com> <swalter@lexmark.com>
+Steven Walter <stevenrwalter@gmail.com> <swalter@lpdev.prtdev.lexmark.com>
+Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@kotnet.org> <Sven.Verdoolaege@cs.kuleuven.ac.be>
+Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@kotnet.org> <skimo@liacs.nl>
+Tay Ray Chuan <rctay89@gmail.com>
+Ted Percival <ted@midg3t.net> <ted.percival@quest.com>
 Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
+Thomas Ackermann <th.acker@arcor.de> <th.acker66@arcor.de>
+Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch> <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch> <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch> <trast@google.com>
+Timo Hirvonen <tihirvon@gmail.com> <tihirvon@ee.oulu.fi>
+Toby Allsopp <Toby.Allsopp@navman.co.nz> <toby.allsopp@navman.co.nz>
+Tom Grennan <tmgrennan@gmail.com> <tgrennan@redback.com>
+Tommi Virtanen <tv@debian.org> <tv@eagain.net>
+Tommi Virtanen <tv@debian.org> <tv@inoi.fi>
+Tommy Thorn <tommy-git@thorn.ws> <tt1729@yahoo.com>
 Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe_Zeisberger@digi.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>
-Uwe Kleine-König <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
-Uwe Kleine-König <uzeisberger@io.fsforth.de>
-Uwe Kleine-König <zeisberg@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
-Ville Skyttä <scop@xemacs.org>
+Tor Arne Vestbø <torarnv@gmail.com> <tavestbo@trolltech.com>
+Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com> Tran Ngoc Quan <vnwildman@gmail.com>
+Trent Piepho <tpiepho@gmail.com> <tpiepho@freescale.com>
+Trent Piepho <tpiepho@gmail.com> <xyzzy@speakeasy.org>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <ukleinek@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <uzeisberger@io.fsforth.de>
+Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> <zeisberg@informatik.uni-freiburg.de>
+Ville Skyttä <ville.skytta@iki.fi> <scop@xemacs.org>
 Vitaly "_Vi" Shukela <public_vi@tut.by>
+W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us> <wking@drexel.edu>
 William Pursell <bill.pursell@gmail.com>
+YONETANI Tomokazu <y0n3t4n1@gmail.com> <qhwt+git@les.ath.cx>
+YONETANI Tomokazu <y0n3t4n1@gmail.com> <y0netan1@dragonflybsd.org>
 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
+# the two anonymous contributors are different persons:
 anonymous <linux@horizon.com>
 anonymous <linux@horizon.net>
+İsmail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
diff --git a/Documentation/.gitignore b/Documentation/.gitignore
index d62aebd848..2c8b2d612e 100644
--- a/Documentation/.gitignore
+++ b/Documentation/.gitignore
@@ -9,4 +9,5 @@ gitman.info
 howto-index.txt
 doc.dep
 cmds-*.txt
+mergetools-*.txt
 manpage-base-url.xsl
diff --git a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
index 45577117c2..c6e536f180 100644
--- a/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
+++ b/Documentation/CodingGuidelines
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Like other projects, we also have some guidelines to keep to the
-code.  For git in general, three rough rules are:
+code.  For Git in general, a few rough rules are:
 
  - Most importantly, we never say "It's in POSIX; we'll happily
    ignore your needs should your system not conform to it."
@@ -18,11 +18,20 @@ code.  For git in general, three rough rules are:
    judgement call, the decision based more on real world
    constraints people face than what the paper standard says.
 
+ - Fixing style violations while working on a real change as a
+   preparatory clean-up step is good, but otherwise avoid useless code
+   churn for the sake of conforming to the style.
+
+   "Once it _is_ in the tree, it's not really worth the patch noise to
+   go and fix it up."
+   Cf. http://article.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/943020
+
+Make your code readable and sensible, and don't try to be clever.
 
 As for more concrete guidelines, just imitate the existing code
 (this is a good guideline, no matter which project you are
 contributing to). It is always preferable to match the _local_
-convention. New code added to git suite is expected to match
+convention. New code added to Git suite is expected to match
 the overall style of existing code. Modifications to existing
 code is expected to match the style the surrounding code already
 uses (even if it doesn't match the overall style of existing code).
@@ -33,7 +42,17 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
 
  - We use tabs for indentation.
 
- - Case arms are indented at the same depth as case and esac lines.
+ - Case arms are indented at the same depth as case and esac lines,
+   like this:
+
+	case "$variable" in
+	pattern1)
+		do this
+		;;
+	pattern2)
+		do that
+		;;
+	esac
 
  - Redirection operators should be written with space before, but no
    space after them.  In other words, write 'echo test >"$file"'
@@ -42,6 +61,14 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
    redirection target in a variable (as shown above), our code does so
    because some versions of bash issue a warning without the quotes.
 
+	(incorrect)
+	cat hello > world < universe
+	echo hello >$world
+
+	(correct)
+	cat hello >world <universe
+	echo hello >"$world"
+
  - We prefer $( ... ) for command substitution; unlike ``, it
    properly nests.  It should have been the way Bourne spelled
    it from day one, but unfortunately isn't.
@@ -76,19 +103,46 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
 
  - We do not use Process Substitution <(list) or >(list).
 
+ - Do not write control structures on a single line with semicolon.
+   "then" should be on the next line for if statements, and "do"
+   should be on the next line for "while" and "for".
+
+	(incorrect)
+	if test -f hello; then
+		do this
+	fi
+
+	(correct)
+	if test -f hello
+	then
+		do this
+	fi
+
  - We prefer "test" over "[ ... ]".
 
  - We do not write the noiseword "function" in front of shell
    functions.
 
+ - We prefer a space between the function name and the parentheses,
+   and no space inside the parentheses. The opening "{" should also
+   be on the same line.
+
+	(incorrect)
+	my_function(){
+		...
+
+	(correct)
+	my_function () {
+		...
+
  - As to use of grep, stick to a subset of BRE (namely, no \{m,n\},
-   [::], [==], nor [..]) for portability.
+   [::], [==], or [..]) for portability.
 
    - We do not use \{m,n\};
 
    - We do not use -E;
 
-   - We do not use ? nor + (which are \{0,1\} and \{1,\}
+   - We do not use ? or + (which are \{0,1\} and \{1,\}
      respectively in BRE) but that goes without saying as these
      are ERE elements not BRE (note that \? and \+ are not even part
      of BRE -- making them accessible from BRE is a GNU extension).
@@ -97,6 +151,19 @@ For shell scripts specifically (not exhaustive):
    interface translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in
    po/README.
 
+ - We do not write our "test" command with "-a" and "-o" and use "&&"
+   or "||" to concatenate multiple "test" commands instead, because
+   the use of "-a/-o" is often error-prone.  E.g.
+
+     test -n "$x" -a "$a" = "$b"
+
+   is buggy and breaks when $x is "=", but
+
+     test -n "$x" && test "$a" = "$b"
+
+   does not have such a problem.
+
+
 For C programs:
 
  - We use tabs to indent, and interpret tabs as taking up to
@@ -104,11 +171,30 @@ For C programs:
 
  - We try to keep to at most 80 characters per line.
 
+ - We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile Git with,
+   including old ones. That means that you should not use C99
+   initializers, even if a lot of compilers grok it.
+
+ - Variables have to be declared at the beginning of the block.
+
+ - NULL pointers shall be written as NULL, not as 0.
+
  - When declaring pointers, the star sides with the variable
    name, i.e. "char *string", not "char* string" or
    "char * string".  This makes it easier to understand code
    like "char *string, c;".
 
+ - Use whitespace around operators and keywords, but not inside
+   parentheses and not around functions. So:
+
+        while (condition)
+		func(bar + 1);
+
+   and not:
+
+        while( condition )
+		func (bar+1);
+
  - We avoid using braces unnecessarily.  I.e.
 
 	if (bla) {
@@ -121,16 +207,116 @@ For C programs:
    of "else if" statements, it can make sense to add braces to
    single line blocks.
 
- - We try to avoid assignments inside if().
+ - We try to avoid assignments in the condition of an "if" statement.
 
  - Try to make your code understandable.  You may put comments
    in, but comments invariably tend to stale out when the code
    they were describing changes.  Often splitting a function
    into two makes the intention of the code much clearer.
 
+ - Multi-line comments include their delimiters on separate lines from
+   the text.  E.g.
+
+	/*
+	 * A very long
+	 * multi-line comment.
+	 */
+
+   Note however that a comment that explains a translatable string to
+   translators uses a convention of starting with a magic token
+   "TRANSLATORS: " immediately after the opening delimiter, even when
+   it spans multiple lines.  We do not add an asterisk at the beginning
+   of each line, either.  E.g.
+
+	/* TRANSLATORS: here is a comment that explains the string
+	   to be translated, that follows immediately after it */
+	_("Here is a translatable string explained by the above.");
+
  - Double negation is often harder to understand than no negation
    at all.
 
+ - There are two schools of thought when it comes to comparison,
+   especially inside a loop. Some people prefer to have the less stable
+   value on the left hand side and the more stable value on the right hand
+   side, e.g. if you have a loop that counts variable i down to the
+   lower bound,
+
+	while (i > lower_bound) {
+		do something;
+		i--;
+	}
+
+   Other people prefer to have the textual order of values match the
+   actual order of values in their comparison, so that they can
+   mentally draw a number line from left to right and place these
+   values in order, i.e.
+
+	while (lower_bound < i) {
+		do something;
+		i--;
+	}
+
+   Both are valid, and we use both.  However, the more "stable" the
+   stable side becomes, the more we tend to prefer the former
+   (comparison with a constant, "i > 0", is an extreme example).
+   Just do not mix styles in the same part of the code and mimic
+   existing styles in the neighbourhood.
+
+ - There are two schools of thought when it comes to splitting a long
+   logical line into multiple lines.  Some people push the second and
+   subsequent lines far enough to the right with tabs and align them:
+
+        if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to ||
+		span_more_than_a_single_line_of ||
+		the_source_text) {
+                ...
+
+   while other people prefer to align the second and the subsequent
+   lines with the column immediately inside the opening parenthesis,
+   with tabs and spaces, following our "tabstop is always a multiple
+   of 8" convention:
+
+        if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to ||
+	    span_more_than_a_single_line_of ||
+	    the_source_text) {
+                ...
+
+   Both are valid, and we use both.  Again, just do not mix styles in
+   the same part of the code and mimic existing styles in the
+   neighbourhood.
+
+ - When splitting a long logical line, some people change line before
+   a binary operator, so that the result looks like a parse tree when
+   you turn your head 90-degrees counterclockwise:
+
+        if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to
+	    || span_more_than_a_single_line_of_the_source_text) {
+
+   while other people prefer to leave the operator at the end of the
+   line:
+
+        if (the_beginning_of_a_very_long_expression_that_has_to ||
+	    span_more_than_a_single_line_of_the_source_text) {
+
+   Both are valid, but we tend to use the latter more, unless the
+   expression gets fairly complex, in which case the former tends to
+   be easier to read.  Again, just do not mix styles in the same part
+   of the code and mimic existing styles in the neighbourhood.
+
+ - When splitting a long logical line, with everything else being
+   equal, it is preferable to split after the operator at higher
+   level in the parse tree.  That is, this is more preferable:
+
+	if (a_very_long_variable * that_is_used_in +
+	    a_very_long_expression) {
+		...
+
+   than
+
+	if (a_very_long_variable *
+	    that_is_used_in + a_very_long_expression) {
+		...
+
  - Some clever tricks, like using the !! operator with arithmetic
    constructs, can be extremely confusing to others.  Avoid them,
    unless there is a compelling reason to use them.
@@ -142,20 +328,25 @@ For C programs:
 
  - When you come up with an API, document it.
 
- - The first #include in C files, except in platform specific
-   compat/ implementations, should be git-compat-util.h or another
-   header file that includes it, such as cache.h or builtin.h.
+ - The first #include in C files, except in platform specific compat/
+   implementations, must be either "git-compat-util.h", "cache.h" or
+   "builtin.h".  You do not have to include more than one of these.
+
+ - A C file must directly include the header files that declare the
+   functions and the types it uses, except for the functions and types
+   that are made available to it by including one of the header files
+   it must include by the previous rule.
 
  - If you are planning a new command, consider writing it in shell
    or perl first, so that changes in semantics can be easily
-   changed and discussed.  Many git commands started out like
+   changed and discussed.  Many Git commands started out like
    that, and a few are still scripts.
 
- - Avoid introducing a new dependency into git. This means you
+ - Avoid introducing a new dependency into Git. This means you
    usually should stay away from scripting languages not already
-   used in the git core command set (unless your command is clearly
+   used in the Git core command set (unless your command is clearly
    separate from it, such as an importer to convert random-scm-X
-   repositories to git).
+   repositories to Git).
 
  - When we pass <string, length> pair to functions, we should try to
    pass them in that order.
@@ -163,19 +354,125 @@ For C programs:
  - Use Git's gettext wrappers to make the user interface
    translatable. See "Marking strings for translation" in po/README.
 
+For Perl programs:
+
+ - Most of the C guidelines above apply.
+
+ - We try to support Perl 5.8 and later ("use Perl 5.008").
+
+ - use strict and use warnings are strongly preferred.
+
+ - Don't overuse statement modifiers unless using them makes the
+   result easier to follow.
+
+	... do something ...
+	do_this() unless (condition);
+        ... do something else ...
+
+   is more readable than:
+
+	... do something ...
+	unless (condition) {
+		do_this();
+	}
+        ... do something else ...
+
+   *only* when the condition is so rare that do_this() will be almost
+   always called.
+
+ - We try to avoid assignments inside "if ()" conditions.
+
+ - Learn and use Git.pm if you need that functionality.
+
+ - For Emacs, it's useful to put the following in
+   GIT_CHECKOUT/.dir-locals.el, assuming you use cperl-mode:
+
+    ;; note the first part is useful for C editing, too
+    ((nil . ((indent-tabs-mode . t)
+                  (tab-width . 8)
+                  (fill-column . 80)))
+     (cperl-mode . ((cperl-indent-level . 8)
+                    (cperl-extra-newline-before-brace . nil)
+                    (cperl-merge-trailing-else . t))))
+
+For Python scripts:
+
+ - We follow PEP-8 (http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/).
+
+ - As a minimum, we aim to be compatible with Python 2.6 and 2.7.
+
+ - Where required libraries do not restrict us to Python 2, we try to
+   also be compatible with Python 3.1 and later.
+
+ - When you must differentiate between Unicode literals and byte string
+   literals, it is OK to use the 'b' prefix.  Even though the Python
+   documentation for version 2.6 does not mention this prefix, it has
+   been supported since version 2.6.0.
+
+Error Messages
+
+ - Do not end error messages with a full stop.
+
+ - Do not capitalize ("unable to open %s", not "Unable to open %s")
+
+ - Say what the error is first ("cannot open %s", not "%s: cannot open")
+
+
+Externally Visible Names
+
+ - For configuration variable names, follow the existing convention:
+
+   . The section name indicates the affected subsystem.
+
+   . The subsection name, if any, indicates which of an unbounded set
+     of things to set the value for.
+
+   . The variable name describes the effect of tweaking this knob.
+
+   The section and variable names that consist of multiple words are
+   formed by concatenating the words without punctuations (e.g. `-`),
+   and are broken using bumpyCaps in documentation as a hint to the
+   reader.
+
+   When choosing the variable namespace, do not use variable name for
+   specifying possibly unbounded set of things, most notably anything
+   an end user can freely come up with (e.g. branch names).  Instead,
+   use subsection names or variable values, like the existing variable
+   branch.<name>.description does.
+
+
 Writing Documentation:
 
+ Most (if not all) of the documentation pages are written in the
+ AsciiDoc format in *.txt files (e.g. Documentation/git.txt), and
+ processed into HTML and manpages (e.g. git.html and git.1 in the
+ same directory).
+
+ The documentation liberally mixes US and UK English (en_US/UK)
+ norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat unfortunate.
+ In an ideal world, it would have been better if it consistently
+ used only one and not the other, and we would have picked en_US
+ (if you wish to correct the English of some of the existing
+ documentation, please see the documentation-related advice in the
+ Documentation/SubmittingPatches file).
+
  Every user-visible change should be reflected in the documentation.
  The same general rule as for code applies -- imitate the existing
- conventions.  A few commented examples follow to provide reference
- when writing or modifying command usage strings and synopsis sections
- in the manual pages:
+ conventions.
+
+ A few commented examples follow to provide reference when writing or
+ modifying command usage strings and synopsis sections in the manual
+ pages:
 
  Placeholders are spelled in lowercase and enclosed in angle brackets:
    <file>
    --sort=<key>
    --abbrev[=<n>]
 
+ If a placeholder has multiple words, they are separated by dashes:
+   <new-branch-name>
+   --template=<template-directory>
+
  Possibility of multiple occurrences is indicated by three dots:
    <file>...
    (One or more of <file>.)
@@ -192,12 +489,12 @@ Writing Documentation:
    (Zero or more of <patch>.  Note that the dots are inside, not
    outside the brackets.)
 
- Multiple alternatives are indicated with vertical bar:
+ Multiple alternatives are indicated with vertical bars:
    [-q | --quiet]
    [--utf8 | --no-utf8]
 
  Parentheses are used for grouping:
-   [(<rev>|<range>)...]
+   [(<rev> | <range>)...]
    (Any number of either <rev> or <range>.  Parens are needed to make
    it clear that "..." pertains to both <rev> and <range>.)
 
@@ -214,3 +511,34 @@ Writing Documentation:
    valid usage.  "*" has its own pair of brackets, because it can
    (optionally) be specified only when one or more of the letters is
    also provided.
+
+  A note on notation:
+   Use 'git' (all lowercase) when talking about commands i.e. something
+   the user would type into a shell and use 'Git' (uppercase first letter)
+   when talking about the version control system and its properties.
+
+ A few commented examples follow to provide reference when writing or
+ modifying paragraphs or option/command explanations that contain options
+ or commands:
+
+ Literal examples (e.g. use of command-line options, command names, and
+ configuration variables) are typeset in monospace, and if you can use
+ `backticks around word phrases`, do so.
+   `--pretty=oneline`
+   `git rev-list`
+   `remote.pushDefault`
+
+ Word phrases enclosed in `backtick characters` are rendered literally
+ and will not be further expanded. The use of `backticks` to achieve the
+ previous rule means that literal examples should not use AsciiDoc
+ escapes.
+   Correct:
+      `--pretty=oneline`
+   Incorrect:
+      `\--pretty=oneline`
+
+ If some place in the documentation needs to typeset a command usage
+ example with inline substitutions, it is fine to use +monospaced and
+ inline substituted text+ instead of `monospaced literal text`, and with
+ the former, the part that should not get substituted must be
+ quoted/escaped.
diff --git a/Documentation/Makefile b/Documentation/Makefile
index d40e211f22..3e39e2815b 100644
--- a/Documentation/Makefile
+++ b/Documentation/Makefile
@@ -1,63 +1,124 @@
-MAN1_TXT= \
-	$(filter-out $(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
-		$(wildcard git-*.txt)) \
-	gitk.txt gitweb.txt git.txt
-MAN5_TXT=gitattributes.txt gitignore.txt gitmodules.txt githooks.txt \
-	gitrepository-layout.txt gitweb.conf.txt
-MAN7_TXT=gitcli.txt gittutorial.txt gittutorial-2.txt \
-	gitcvs-migration.txt gitcore-tutorial.txt gitglossary.txt \
-	gitdiffcore.txt gitnamespaces.txt gitrevisions.txt gitworkflows.txt
+# Guard against environment variables
+MAN1_TXT =
+MAN5_TXT =
+MAN7_TXT =
+TECH_DOCS =
+ARTICLES =
+SP_ARTICLES =
+OBSOLETE_HTML =
+
+MAN1_TXT += $(filter-out \
+		$(addsuffix .txt, $(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES)), \
+		$(wildcard git-*.txt))
+MAN1_TXT += git.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitk.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitremote-helpers.txt
+MAN1_TXT += gitweb.txt
+
+MAN5_TXT += gitattributes.txt
+MAN5_TXT += githooks.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitignore.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitmodules.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitrepository-layout.txt
+MAN5_TXT += gitweb.conf.txt
+
+MAN7_TXT += gitcli.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcore-tutorial.txt
 MAN7_TXT += gitcredentials.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitcvs-migration.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitdiffcore.txt
+MAN7_TXT += giteveryday.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitglossary.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitnamespaces.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitrevisions.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial-2.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gittutorial.txt
+MAN7_TXT += gitworkflows.txt
 
 MAN_TXT = $(MAN1_TXT) $(MAN5_TXT) $(MAN7_TXT)
-MAN_XML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
-MAN_HTML=$(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
+MAN_XML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.xml,$(MAN_TXT))
+MAN_HTML = $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(MAN_TXT))
 
-DOC_HTML=$(MAN_HTML)
+OBSOLETE_HTML += everyday.html
+OBSOLETE_HTML += git-remote-helpers.html
+DOC_HTML = $(MAN_HTML) $(OBSOLETE_HTML)
 
-ARTICLES = howto-index
-ARTICLES += everyday
+ARTICLES += howto-index
 ARTICLES += git-tools
 ARTICLES += git-bisect-lk2009
 # with their own formatting rules.
-SP_ARTICLES = user-manual
+SP_ARTICLES += user-manual
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/new-command
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-branch-rebase
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-merge-subtree
 SP_ARTICLES += howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/use-git-daemon
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/update-hook-example
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/setup-git-server-over-http
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/separating-topic-branches
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/revert-a-faulty-merge
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebuild-from-update-hook
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/rebase-from-internal-branch
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/keep-canonical-history-correct
+SP_ARTICLES += howto/maintain-git
 API_DOCS = $(patsubst %.txt,%,$(filter-out technical/api-index-skel.txt technical/api-index.txt, $(wildcard technical/api-*.txt)))
 SP_ARTICLES += $(API_DOCS)
+
+TECH_DOCS += technical/http-protocol
+TECH_DOCS += technical/index-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-format
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-heuristics
+TECH_DOCS += technical/pack-protocol
+TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-capabilities
+TECH_DOCS += technical/protocol-common
+TECH_DOCS += technical/racy-git
+TECH_DOCS += technical/send-pack-pipeline
+TECH_DOCS += technical/shallow
+TECH_DOCS += technical/trivial-merge
+SP_ARTICLES += $(TECH_DOCS)
 SP_ARTICLES += technical/api-index
 
 DOC_HTML += $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES) $(SP_ARTICLES))
 
-DOC_MAN1=$(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT))
-DOC_MAN5=$(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT))
-DOC_MAN7=$(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT))
-
-prefix?=$(HOME)
-bindir?=$(prefix)/bin
-htmldir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
-pdfdir?=$(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
-mandir?=$(prefix)/share/man
-man1dir=$(mandir)/man1
-man5dir=$(mandir)/man5
-man7dir=$(mandir)/man7
-# DESTDIR=
-
-ASCIIDOC=asciidoc
+DOC_MAN1 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.1,$(MAN1_TXT))
+DOC_MAN5 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.5,$(MAN5_TXT))
+DOC_MAN7 = $(patsubst %.txt,%.7,$(MAN7_TXT))
+
+prefix ?= $(HOME)
+bindir ?= $(prefix)/bin
+htmldir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+infodir ?= $(prefix)/share/info
+pdfdir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+mandir ?= $(prefix)/share/man
+man1dir = $(mandir)/man1
+man5dir = $(mandir)/man5
+man7dir = $(mandir)/man7
+# DESTDIR =
+
+ASCIIDOC = asciidoc
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA =
+ASCIIDOC_HTML = xhtml11
+ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK = docbook
+ASCIIDOC_CONF = -f asciidoc.conf
+ASCIIDOC_COMMON = $(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION)
+TXT_TO_HTML = $(ASCIIDOC_COMMON) -b $(ASCIIDOC_HTML)
+TXT_TO_XML = $(ASCIIDOC_COMMON) -b $(ASCIIDOC_DOCBOOK)
 MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-normal.xsl
+XMLTO = xmlto
 XMLTO_EXTRA =
-INSTALL?=install
+INSTALL ?= install
 RM ?= rm -f
 MAN_REPO = ../../git-manpages
 HTML_REPO = ../../git-htmldocs
 
-infodir?=$(prefix)/share/info
-MAKEINFO=makeinfo
-INSTALL_INFO=install-info
-DOCBOOK2X_TEXI=docbook2x-texi
-DBLATEX=dblatex
+MAKEINFO = makeinfo
+INSTALL_INFO = install-info
+DOCBOOK2X_TEXI = docbook2x-texi
+DBLATEX = dblatex
+ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR = /etc/asciidoc/dblatex
 ifndef PERL_PATH
 	PERL_PATH = /usr/bin/perl
 endif
@@ -66,12 +127,6 @@ endif
 -include ../config.mak
 
 #
-# For asciidoc ...
-#	-7.1.2,	set ASCIIDOC7
-#	8.0-,	no extra settings are needed
-#
-
-#
 # For docbook-xsl ...
 #	-1.68.1,	no extra settings are needed?
 #	1.69.0,		set ASCIIDOC_ROFF?
@@ -81,9 +136,6 @@ endif
 #	1.73.0-,	no extra settings are needed
 #
 
-ifndef ASCIIDOC7
-ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a asciidoc7compatible -a no-inline-literal
-endif
 ifdef DOCBOOK_XSL_172
 ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-asciidoc-no-roff
 MANPAGE_XSL = manpage-1.72.xsl
@@ -124,14 +176,15 @@ SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
 # Shell quote;
 SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
 
-#
-# Please note that there is a minor bug in asciidoc.
-# The version after 6.0.3 _will_ include the patch found here:
-#   http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111558757202243&w=2
-#
-# Until that version is released you may have to apply the patch
-# yourself - yes, all 6 characters of it!
-#
+ifdef DEFAULT_PAGER
+DEFAULT_PAGER_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_PAGER))
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a 'git-default-pager=$(DEFAULT_PAGER_SQ)'
+endif
+
+ifdef DEFAULT_EDITOR
+DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_EDITOR))
+ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a 'git-default-editor=$(DEFAULT_EDITOR_SQ)'
+endif
 
 QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
 QUIET_SUBDIR1  =
@@ -163,8 +216,6 @@ all: html man
 
 html: $(DOC_HTML)
 
-$(DOC_HTML) $(DOC_MAN1) $(DOC_MAN5) $(DOC_MAN7): asciidoc.conf
-
 man: man1 man5 man7
 man1: $(DOC_MAN1)
 man5: $(DOC_MAN5)
@@ -209,7 +260,11 @@ install-html: html
 #
 # Determine "include::" file references in asciidoc files.
 #
-doc.dep : $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
+docdep_prereqs = \
+	mergetools-list.made $(mergetools_txt) \
+	cmd-list.made $(cmds_txt)
+
+doc.dep : $(docdep_prereqs) $(wildcard *.txt) build-docdep.perl
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./build-docdep.perl >$@+ $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
@@ -233,19 +288,37 @@ cmd-list.made: cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(MAN1_TXT)
 	$(PERL_PATH) ./cmd-list.perl ../command-list.txt $(QUIET_STDERR) && \
 	date >$@
 
+mergetools_txt = mergetools-diff.txt mergetools-merge.txt
+
+$(mergetools_txt): mergetools-list.made
+
+mergetools-list.made: ../git-mergetool--lib.sh $(wildcard ../mergetools/*)
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_diff "* " || :' >mergetools-diff.txt && \
+	$(SHELL_PATH) -c 'MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=../mergetools && \
+		. ../git-mergetool--lib.sh && \
+		show_tool_names can_merge "* " || :' >mergetools-merge.txt && \
+	date >$@
+
 clean:
 	$(RM) *.xml *.xml+ *.html *.html+ *.1 *.5 *.7
 	$(RM) *.texi *.texi+ *.texi++ git.info gitman.info
 	$(RM) *.pdf
 	$(RM) howto-index.txt howto/*.html doc.dep
-	$(RM) technical/api-*.html technical/api-index.txt
-	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) *.made
+	$(RM) technical/*.html technical/api-index.txt
+	$(RM) $(cmds_txt) $(mergetools_txt) *.made
 	$(RM) manpage-base-url.xsl
 
-$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt
+$(MAN_HTML): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
-		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
+	$(TXT_TO_HTML) -d manpage -o $@+ $< && \
+	mv $@+ $@
+
+$(OBSOLETE_HTML): %.html : %.txto asciidoc.conf
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
+	$(TXT_TO_HTML) -o $@+ $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
@@ -253,26 +326,25 @@ manpage-base-url.xsl: manpage-base-url.xsl.in
 
 %.1 %.5 %.7 : %.xml manpage-base-url.xsl
 	$(QUIET_XMLTO)$(RM) $@ && \
-	xmlto -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
+	$(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) $(XMLTO_EXTRA) man $<
 
-%.xml : %.txt
+%.xml : %.txt asciidoc.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	$(ASCIIDOC) -b docbook -d manpage -f asciidoc.conf \
-		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) -o $@+ $< && \
+	$(TXT_TO_XML) -d manpage -o $@+ $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 user-manual.xml: user-manual.txt user-manual.conf
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	$(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b docbook -d book -o $@+ $< && \
+	$(TXT_TO_XML) -d article -o $@+ $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 technical/api-index.txt: technical/api-index-skel.txt \
 	technical/api-index.sh $(patsubst %,%.txt,$(API_DOCS))
 	$(QUIET_GEN)cd technical && '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./api-index.sh
 
-$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index): %.html : %.txt
-	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -f asciidoc.conf \
-		$(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $*.txt
+technical/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../
+$(patsubst %,%.html,$(API_DOCS) technical/api-index $(TECH_DOCS)): %.html : %.txt asciidoc.conf
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(TXT_TO_HTML) $*.txt
 
 XSLT = docbook.xsl
 XSLTOPTS = --xinclude --stringparam html.stylesheet docbook-xsl.css
@@ -294,7 +366,7 @@ user-manual.texi: user-manual.xml
 
 user-manual.pdf: user-manual.xml
 	$(QUIET_DBLATEX)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	$(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \
+	$(DBLATEX) -o $@+ -p $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl -s $(ASCIIDOC_DBLATEX_DIR)/asciidoc-dblatex.sty $< && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 gitman.texi: $(MAN_XML) cat-texi.perl
@@ -315,24 +387,26 @@ $(patsubst %.txt,%.texi,$(MAN_TXT)): %.texi : %.xml
 
 howto-index.txt: howto-index.sh $(wildcard howto/*.txt)
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./howto-index.sh $(wildcard howto/*.txt) >$@+ && \
+	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./howto-index.sh $(sort $(wildcard howto/*.txt)) >$@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 $(patsubst %,%.html,$(ARTICLES)) : %.html : %.txt
-	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b xhtml11 $*.txt
+	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(TXT_TO_HTML) $*.txt
 
 WEBDOC_DEST = /pub/software/scm/git/docs
 
+howto/%.html: ASCIIDOC_EXTRA += -a git-relative-html-prefix=../
 $(patsubst %.txt,%.html,$(wildcard howto/*.txt)): %.html : %.txt
 	$(QUIET_ASCIIDOC)$(RM) $@+ $@ && \
-	sed -e '1,/^$$/d' $< | $(ASCIIDOC) $(ASCIIDOC_EXTRA) -b xhtml11 - >$@+ && \
+	sed -e '1,/^$$/d' $< | \
+	$(TXT_TO_HTML) - >$@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
 install-webdoc : html
 	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-webdoc.sh $(WEBDOC_DEST)
 
-# You must have a clone of git-htmldocs and git-manpages repositories
-# next to the git repository itself for the following to work.
+# You must have a clone of 'git-htmldocs' and 'git-manpages' repositories
+# next to the 'git' repository itself for the following to work.
 
 quick-install: quick-install-man
 
@@ -350,4 +424,7 @@ require-htmlrepo::
 quick-install-html: require-htmlrepo
 	'$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./install-doc-quick.sh $(HTML_REPO) $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
 
+print-man1:
+	@for i in $(MAN1_TXT); do echo $$i; done
+
 .PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt
index ebf20e22a7..d41984df0b 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt
@@ -45,9 +45,3 @@ Fixes since v1.5.2
   - git-fastimport --import-marks was broken; fixed.
 
   - A lot of documentation updates, clarifications and fixes.
-
---
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.5.2-65-g996e2d6
-echo O=`git describe refs/heads/maint`
-git shortlog --no-merges $O..refs/heads/maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt
index e1e24b3295..7d8fb85e1b 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt
@@ -79,9 +79,3 @@ Fixes since v1.6.0.1
   packfile.
 
 Also contains many documentation updates.
-
---
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.6.0.1-78-g3632cfc
-echo O=$(git describe maint)
-git shortlog --no-merges $O..maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt
index 6f0bde156a..cd08d8174e 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,3 @@ Fixes since v1.6.1.2
 * RPM binary package installed the html manpages in a wrong place.
 
 Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates.
-
-
---
-git shortlog --no-merges v1.6.1.2-33-gc789350..
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt
index 0ce6316d75..ccbad794c0 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.4.txt
@@ -39,6 +39,3 @@ Fixes since v1.6.1.3
   This fix was first merged to 1.6.2.3.
 
 Also includes minor documentation fixes and updates.
-
---
-git shortlog --no-merges v1.6.1.3..
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt
index adb7ccab0a..7b152a6fdc 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.6.1.txt
@@ -278,9 +278,3 @@ release, unless otherwise noted.
 
 * "gitweb" did not mark non-ASCII characters imported from external HTML fragments
   correctly.
-
---
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.6.1-rc3-74-gf66bc5f
-echo O=$(git describe master)
-git shortlog --no-merges $O..master ^maint
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be68524cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+Git v1.7.10.1 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Additions since v1.7.10
+-----------------------
+
+Localization message files for Danish and German have been added.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10
+-------------------
+
+ * "git add -p" is not designed to deal with unmerged paths but did
+   not exclude them and tried to apply funny patches only to fail.
+
+ * "git blame" started missing quite a few changes from the origin
+   since we stopped using the diff minimization by default in v1.7.2
+   era.
+
+ * When PATH contains an unreadable directory, alias expansion code
+   did not kick in, and failed with an error that said "git-subcmd"
+   was not found.
+
+ * "git clean -d -f" (not "-d -f -f") is supposed to protect nested
+   working trees of independent git repositories that exist in the
+   current project working tree from getting removed, but the
+   protection applied only to such working trees that are at the
+   top-level of the current project by mistake.
+
+ * "git commit --author=$name" did not tell the name that was being
+   recorded in the resulting commit to hooks, even though it does do
+   so when the end user overrode the authorship via the
+   "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" environment variable.
+
+ * When "git commit --template F" errors out because the user did not
+   touch the message, it claimed that it aborts due to "empty
+   message", which was utterly wrong.
+
+ * The regexp configured with diff.wordregex was incorrectly reused
+   across files.
+
+ * An age-old corner case bug in combine diff (only triggered with -U0
+   and the hunk at the beginning of the file needs to be shown) has
+   been fixed.
+
+ * Rename detection logic used to match two empty files as renames
+   during merge-recursive, leading to unnatural mismerges.
+
+ * The parser in "fast-import" did not diagnose ":9" style references
+   that is not followed by required SP/LF as an error.
+
+ * When "git fetch" encounters repositories with too many references,
+   the command line of "fetch-pack" that is run by a helper
+   e.g. remote-curl, may fail to hold all of them. Now such an
+   internal invocation can feed the references through the standard
+   input of "fetch-pack".
+
+ * "git fetch" that recurses into submodules on demand did not check
+   if it needs to go into submodules when non branches (most notably,
+   tags) are fetched.
+
+ * "log -p --graph" used with "--stat" had a few formatting error.
+
+ * Running "notes merge --commit" failed to perform correctly when run
+   from any directory inside $GIT_DIR/.  When "notes merge" stops with
+   conflicts, $GIT_DIR/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE is the place a user edits
+   to resolve it.
+
+ * The 'push to upstream' implementation was broken in some corner
+   cases. "git push $there" without refspec, when the current branch
+   is set to push to a remote different from $there, used to push to
+   $there using the upstream information to a remote unreleated to
+   $there.
+
+ * Giving "--continue" to a conflicted "rebase -i" session skipped a
+   commit that only results in changes to submodules.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a7e9d6fd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+Git v1.7.10.2 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10.1
+---------------------
+
+ * The test scaffolding for git-daemon was flaky.
+
+ * The test scaffolding for fast-import was flaky.
+
+ * The filesystem boundary was not correctly reported when .git directory
+   discovery stopped at a mount point.
+
+ * HTTP transport that requires authentication did not work correctly when
+   multiple connections are used simultaneously.
+
+ * Minor memory leak during unpack_trees (hence "merge" and "checkout"
+   to check out another branch) has been plugged.
+
+ * In the older days, the header "Conflicts:" in "cherry-pick" and "merge"
+   was separated by a blank line from the list of paths that follow for
+   readability, but when "merge" was rewritten in C, we lost it by
+   mistake. Remove the newline from "cherry-pick" to make them match
+   again.
+
+ * The command line parser choked "git cherry-pick $name" when $name can
+   be both revision name and a pathname, even though $name can never be a
+   path in the context of the command.
+
+ * The "include.path" facility in the configuration mechanism added in
+   1.7.10 forgot to interpret "~/path" and "~user/path" as it should.
+
+ * "git config --rename-section" to rename an existing section into a
+   bogus one did not check the new name.
+
+ * The "diff --no-index" codepath used limited-length buffers, risking
+   pathnames getting truncated.  Update it to use the strbuf API.
+
+ * The report from "git fetch" said "new branch" even for a non branch
+   ref.
+
+ * The http-backend (the server side of the smart http transfer) used
+   to overwrite GIT_COMMITTER_NAME and GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL with the
+   value obtained from REMOTE_USER unconditionally, making it
+   impossible for the server side site-specific customization to use
+   different identity sources to affect the names logged. It now uses
+   REMOTE_USER only as a fallback value.
+
+ * "log --graph" was not very friendly with "--stat" option and its
+   output had line breaks at wrong places.
+
+ * Octopus merge strategy did not reduce heads that are recorded in the
+   final commit correctly.
+
+ * "git push" over smart-http lost progress output a few releases ago;
+   this release resurrects it.
+
+ * The error and advice messages given by "git push" when it fails due
+   to non-ff were not very helpful to new users; it has been broken
+   into three cases, and each is given a separate advice message.
+
+ * The insn sheet given by "rebase -i" did not make it clear that the
+   insn lines can be re-ordered to affect the order of the commits in
+   the resulting history.
+
+ * "git repack" used to write out unreachable objects as loose objects
+   when repacking, even if such loose objects will immediately pruned
+   due to its age.
+
+ * A contrib script "rerere-train" did not work out of the box unless
+   user futzed with her $PATH.
+
+ * "git rev-parse --show-prefix" used to emit nothing when run at the
+   top-level of the working tree, but now it gives a blank line.
+
+ * The i18n of error message "git stash save" was not properly done.
+
+ * "git submodule" used a sed script that some platforms mishandled.
+
+ * When using a Perl script on a system where "perl" found on user's
+   $PATH could be ancient or otherwise broken, we allow builders to
+   specify the path to a good copy of Perl with $PERL_PATH.  The
+   gitweb test forgot to use that Perl when running its test.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..703fbf1d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Git v1.7.10.3 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10.2
+---------------------
+
+ * The message file for German translation has been updated a bit.
+
+ * Running "git checkout" on an unborn branch used to corrupt HEAD.
+
+ * When checking out another commit from an already detached state, we
+   used to report all commits that are not reachable from any of the
+   refs as lossage, but some of them might be reachable from the new
+   HEAD, and there is no need to warn about them.
+
+ * Some time ago, "git clone" lost the progress output for its
+   "checkout" phase; when run without any "--quiet" option, it should
+   give progress to the lengthy operation.
+
+ * The directory path used in "git diff --no-index", when it recurses
+   down, was broken with a recent update after v1.7.10.1 release.
+
+ * "log -z --pretty=tformat:..." did not terminate each record with
+   NUL.  The fix is not entirely correct when the output also asks for
+   --patch and/or --stat, though.
+
+ * The DWIM behaviour for "log --pretty=format:%gd -g" was somewhat
+   broken and gave undue precedence to configured log.date, causing
+   "git stash list" to show "stash@{time stamp string}".
+
+ * "git status --porcelain" ignored "--branch" option by mistake.  The
+   output for "git status --branch -z" was also incorrect and did not
+   terminate the record for the current branch name with NUL as asked.
+
+ * When a submodule repository uses alternate object store mechanism,
+   some commands that were started from the superproject did not
+   notice it and failed with "No such object" errors.  The subcommands
+   of "git submodule" command that recursed into the submodule in a
+   separate process were OK; only the ones that cheated and peeked
+   directly into the submodule's repository from the primary process
+   were affected.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..326670df6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+Git v1.7.10.4 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10.3
+---------------------
+
+ * The message file for Swedish translation has been updated a bit.
+
+ * A name taken from mailmap was copied into an internal buffer
+   incorrectly and could overun the buffer if it is too long.
+
+ * A malformed commit object that has a header line chomped in the
+   middle could kill git with a NULL pointer dereference.
+
+ * An author/committer name that is a single character was mishandled
+   as an invalid name by mistake.
+
+ * The progress indicator for a large "git checkout" was sent to
+   stderr even if it is not a terminal.
+
+ * "git grep -e '$pattern'", unlike the case where the patterns are
+   read from a file, did not treat individual lines in the given
+   pattern argument as separate regular expressions as it should.
+
+ * When "git rebase" was given a bad commit to replay the history on,
+   its error message did not correctly give the command line argument
+   it had trouble parsing.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4db1770e38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Git v1.7.10.5 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10.4
+---------------------
+
+ * "git fast-export" did not give a readable error message when the
+   same mark erroneously appeared twice in the --import-marks input.
+
+ * "git rebase -p" used to pay attention to rebase.autosquash which
+    was wrong.  "git rebase -p -i" should, but "git rebase -p" by
+    itself should not.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt
index b966a8e853..58100bf04e 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt
@@ -1,15 +1,65 @@
 Git v1.7.10 Release Notes
 =========================
 
+Compatibility Notes
+-------------------
+
+ * From this release on, the "git merge" command in an interactive
+   session will start an editor when it automatically resolves the
+   merge for the user to explain the resulting commit, just like the
+   "git commit" command does when it wasn't given a commit message.
+
+   If you have a script that runs "git merge" and keeps its standard
+   input and output attached to the user's terminal, and if you do not
+   want the user to explain the resulting merge commits, you can
+   export GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT environment variable set to "no", like
+   this:
+
+	#!/bin/sh
+	GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT=no
+	export GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT
+
+   to disable this behavior (if you want your users to explain their
+   merge commits, you do not have to do anything).  Alternatively, you
+   can give the "--no-edit" option to individual invocations of the
+   "git merge" command if you know everybody who uses your script has
+   Git v1.7.8 or newer.
+
+ * The "--binary/-b" options to "git am" have been a no-op for quite a
+   while and were deprecated in mid 2008 (v1.6.0).  When you give these
+   options to "git am", it will now warn and ask you not to use them.
+
+ * When you do not tell which branches and tags to push to the "git
+   push" command in any way, the command used "matching refs" rule to
+   update remote branches and tags with branches and tags with the
+   same name you locally have.  In future versions of Git, this will
+   change to push out only your current branch according to either the
+   "upstream" or the "current" rule.  Although "upstream" may be more
+   powerful once the user understands Git better, the semantics
+   "current" gives is simpler and easier to understand for beginners
+   and may be a safer and better default option.  We haven't decided
+   yet which one to switch to.
+
+
 Updates since v1.7.9
 --------------------
 
 UI, Workflows & Features
 
+ * various "gitk" updates.
+   - show the path to the top level directory in the window title
+   - update preference edit dialog
+   - display file list correctly when directories are given on command line
+   - make "git-describe" output in the log message into a clickable link
+   - avoid matching the UNIX timestamp part when searching all fields
+   - give preference to symbolic font names like sans & monospace
+   - allow comparing two commits using a mark
+   - "gitk" honors log.showroot configuration.
+
  * Teams for localizing the messages from the Porcelain layer of
    commands are starting to form, thanks to Jiang Xin who volunteered
-   to be the localization coordinator.  An initial set of translated
-   messages for simplified chinese is available.
+   to be the localization coordinator.  Translated messages for
+   simplified Chinese, Swedish and Portuguese are available.
 
  * The configuration mechanism learned an "include" facility; an
    assignment to the include.path pseudo-variable causes the named
@@ -18,31 +68,44 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
 
  * A content filter (clean/smudge) used to be just a way to make the
    recorded contents "more useful", and allowed to fail; a filter can
-   new optionally be marked as "required".
+   now optionally be marked as "required".
 
  * Options whose names begin with "--no-" (e.g. the "--no-verify"
    option of the "git commit" command) can be negated by omitting
    "no-" from its name, e.g. "git commit --verify".
 
  * "git am" learned to pass "-b" option to underlying "git mailinfo", so
-   that bracketed string other than "PATCH" at the beginning can be kept.
+   that a bracketed string other than "PATCH" at the beginning can be kept.
 
  * "git clone" learned "--single-branch" option to limit cloning to a
-   single branch (surprise!).
+   single branch (surprise!); tags that do not point into the history
+   of the branch are not fetched.
 
  * "git clone" learned to detach the HEAD in the resulting repository
-   when the source repository's HEAD does not point to a branch.
+   when the user specifies a tag with "--branch" (e.g., "--branch=v1.0").
+   Clone also learned to print the usual "detached HEAD" advice in such
+   a case, similar to "git checkout v1.0".
 
  * When showing a patch while ignoring whitespace changes, the context
    lines are taken from the postimage, in order to make it easier to
    view the output.
 
+ * "git diff --stat" learned to adjust the width of the output on
+   wider terminals, and give more columns to pathnames as needed.
+
  * "diff-highlight" filter (in contrib/) was updated to produce more
    aesthetically pleasing output.
 
  * "fsck" learned "--no-dangling" option to omit dangling object
    information.
 
+ * "git log -G" and "git log -S" learned to pay attention to the "-i"
+   option.  With "-i", "log -G" ignores the case when finding patch
+   hunks that introduce or remove a string that matches the given
+   pattern.  Similarly with "-i", "log -S" ignores the case when
+   finding the commit the given block of text appears or disappears
+   from the file.
+
  * "git merge" in an interactive session learned to spawn the editor
    by default to let the user edit the auto-generated merge message,
    to encourage people to explain their merges better. Legacy scripts
@@ -50,8 +113,15 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
    Both "git merge" and "git pull" can be given --no-edit from the
    command line to accept the auto-generated merge message.
 
+ * The advice message given when the user didn't give enough clue on
+   what to merge to "git pull" and "git merge" has been updated to
+   be more concise and easier to understand.
+
  * "git push" learned the "--prune" option, similar to "git fetch".
 
+ * The whole directory that houses a top-level superproject managed by
+   "git submodule" can be moved to another place.
+
  * "git symbolic-ref" learned the "--short" option to abbreviate the
    refname it shows unambiguously.
 
@@ -59,7 +129,7 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
    output to those that point at the given object.
 
  * "gitweb" allows intermediate entries in the directory hierarchy
-   that leads to a projects to be clicked, which in turn shows the
+   that leads to a project to be clicked, which in turn shows the
    list of projects inside that directory.
 
  * "gitweb" learned to read various pieces of information for the
@@ -70,9 +140,15 @@ UI, Workflows & Features
  * Project search in "gitweb" shows the substring that matched in the
    project name and description highlighted.
 
+ * HTTP transport learned to authenticate with a proxy if needed.
+
+ * A new script "diffall" is added to contrib/; it drives an
+   external tool to perform a directory diff of two Git revisions
+   in one go, unlike "difftool" that compares one file at a time.
+
 Foreign Interface
 
- * Improved handling of views, labels and branches in git-p4 (in contrib).
+ * Improved handling of views, labels and branches in "git-p4" (in contrib).
 
  * "git-p4" (in contrib) suffered from unnecessary merge conflicts when
    p4 expanded the embedded $RCS$-like keywords; it can be now told to
@@ -83,11 +159,13 @@ Foreign Interface
  * "vcs-svn"/"svn-fe" learned to read dumps with svn-deltas and
    support incremental imports.
 
+ * "git difftool/mergetool" learned to drive DeltaWalker.
+
 Performance
 
- * During "git upload-pack" in response to "git fetch", unnecessary calls
-   to parse_object() have been eliminated, to help performance in
-   repositories with excessive number of refs.
+ * Unnecessary calls to parse_object() "git upload-pack" makes in
+   response to "git fetch", have been eliminated, to help performance
+   in repositories with excessive number of refs.
 
 Internal Implementation (please report possible regressions)
 
@@ -108,6 +186,13 @@ Internal Implementation (please report possible regressions)
  * t/Makefile is adjusted to prevent newer versions of GNU make from
    running tests in seemingly random order.
 
+ * The code to check if a path points at a file beyond a symbolic link
+   has been restructured to be thread-safe.
+
+ * When pruning directories that has become empty during "git prune"
+   and "git prune-packed", call closedir() that iterates over a
+   directory before rmdir() it.
+
 Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
 
 
@@ -118,19 +203,17 @@ Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.9 in the maintenance
 releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
 details).
 
- * The code to synthesize the fake ancestor tree used by 3-way merge
-   fallback in "git am" was not prepared to read a patch created with
-   a non-standard -p<num> value.
-   (merge a61ba26 jc/am-3-nonstandard-popt later to maint).
-
- * "gitweb" used to drop warnings in the log file when "heads" view is
-   accessed in a repository whose HEAD does not point at a valid
-   branch.
-
----
-exec >/var/tmp/1
-O=v1.7.9.2-383-gb8b5290
-echo O=$(git describe)
-git log --first-parent --oneline ^maint $O..
-echo
-git shortlog --no-merges ^maint $O..
+ * Build with NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER was broken and Git::I18N did not work
+   with versions of Perl older than 5.8.3.
+   (merge 5eb660e ab/perl-i18n later to maint).
+
+ * "git tag -s" honored "gpg.program" configuration variable since
+   1.7.9, but "git tag -v" and "git verify-tag" didn't.
+   (merge a2c2506 az/verify-tag-use-gpg-config later to maint).
+
+ * "configure" script learned to take "--with-sane-tool-path" from the
+   command line to record SANE_TOOL_PATH (used to avoid broken platform
+   tools in /usr/bin) in config.mak.autogen.  This may be useful for
+   people on Solaris who have saner tools outside /usr/xpg[46]/bin.
+
+ * zsh port of bash completion script needed another workaround.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..577eccaacd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Git v1.7.11.1 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11
+-------------------
+
+ * The cross links in the HTML version of manual pages were broken.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0cfd02d6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+Git v1.7.11.2 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.1
+---------------------
+
+ * On Cygwin, the platform pread(2) is not thread safe, just like our
+   own compat/ emulation, and cannot be used in the index-pack
+   program.  Makefile variable NO_THREAD_SAFE_PREAD can be defined to
+   avoid use of this function in a threaded program.
+
+ * "git add" allows adding a regular file to the path where a
+   submodule used to exist, but "git update-index" does not allow an
+   equivalent operation to Porcelain writers.
+
+ * "git archive" incorrectly computed the header checksum; the symptom
+   was observed only when using pathnames with hi-bit set.
+
+ * "git blame" did not try to make sure that the abbreviated commit
+   object names in its output are unique.
+
+ * Running "git bundle verify" on a bundle that records a complete
+   history said "it requires these 0 commits".
+
+ * "git clone --single-branch" to clone a single branch did not limit
+   the cloning to the specified branch.
+
+ * "git diff --no-index" did not correctly handle relative paths and
+   did not correctly give exit codes when run under "--quiet" option.
+
+ * "git diff --no-index" did not work with pagers correctly.
+
+ * "git diff COPYING HEAD:COPYING" gave a nonsense error message that
+   claimed that the tree-ish HEAD did not have COPYING in it.
+
+ * When "git log" gets "--simplify-merges/by-decoration" together with
+   "--first-parent", the combination of these options makes the
+   simplification logic to use in-core commit objects that haven't
+   been examined for relevance, either producing incorrect result or
+   taking too long to produce any output.  Teach the simplification
+   logic to ignore commits that the first-parent traversal logic
+   ignored when both are in effect to work around the issue.
+
+ * "git ls-files --exclude=t -i" did not consider anything under t/ as
+   excluded, as it did not pay attention to exclusion of leading paths
+   while walking the index.  Other two users of excluded() are also
+   updated.
+
+ * "git request-pull $url dev" when the tip of "dev" branch was tagged
+   with "ext4-for-linus" used the contents from the tag in the output
+   but still asked the "dev" branch to be pulled, not the tag.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..64494f89d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+Git v1.7.11.3 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.3
+---------------------
+
+ * The error message from "git push $there :bogo" (and its equivalent
+   "git push $there --delete bogo") mentioned that we tried and failed
+   to guess what ref is being deleted based on the LHS of the refspec,
+   which we don't.
+
+ * A handful of files and directories we create had tighter than
+   necessary permission bits when the user wanted to have group
+   writability (e.g. by setting "umask 002").
+
+ * "commit --amend" used to refuse amending a commit with an empty log
+   message, with or without "--allow-empty-message".
+
+ * "git commit --amend --only --" was meant to allow "Clever" people to
+   rewrite the commit message without making any change even when they
+   have already changes for the next commit added to their index, but
+   it never worked as advertised since it was introduced in 1.3.0 era.
+
+ * Even though the index can record pathnames longer than 1<<12 bytes,
+   in some places we were not comparing them in full, potentially
+   replacing index entries instead of adding.
+
+ * "git show"'s auto-walking behaviour was an unreliable and
+   unpredictable hack; it now behaves just like "git log" does when it
+   walks.
+
+ * "git diff", "git status" and anything that internally uses the
+   comparison machinery was utterly broken when the difference
+   involved a file with "-" as its name.  This was due to the way "git
+   diff --no-index" was incorrectly bolted on to the system, making
+   any comparison that involves a file "-" at the root level
+   incorrectly read from the standard input.
+
+ * We did not have test to make sure "git rebase" without extra options
+   filters out an empty commit in the original history.
+
+ * "git fast-export" produced an input stream for fast-import without
+   properly quoting pathnames when they contain SPs in them.
+
+ * "git checkout --detach", when you are still on an unborn branch,
+   should be forbidden, but it wasn't.
+
+ * Some implementations of Perl terminates "lines" with CRLF even when
+   the script is operating on just a sequence of bytes.  Make sure to
+   use "$PERL_PATH", the version of Perl the user told Git to use, in
+   our tests to avoid unnecessary breakages in tests.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a640c2d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Git v1.7.11.4 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.3
+---------------------
+
+ * "$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG" file that is used to hold the commit log
+   message user edits was not documented.
+
+ * The advise() function did not use varargs correctly to format
+   its message.
+
+ * When "git am" failed, old timers knew to check .git/rebase-apply/patch
+   to see what went wrong, but we never told the users about it.
+
+ * "git commit-tree" learned a more natural "-p <parent> <tree>" order
+   of arguments long time ago, but recently forgot it by mistake.
+
+ * "git diff --no-ext-diff" did not output anything for a typechange
+   filepair when GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF is in effect.
+
+ * In 1.7.9 era, we taught "git rebase" about the raw timestamp format
+   but we did not teach the same trick to "filter-branch", which rolled
+   a similar logic on its own.
+
+ * When "git submodule add" clones a submodule repository, it can get
+   confused where to store the resulting submodule repository in the
+   superproject's .git/ directory when there is a symbolic link in the
+   path to the current directory.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a2ed855c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+Git v1.7.11.5 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.4
+---------------------
+
+ * The Makefile rule to create assembly output (primarily for
+   debugging purposes) did not create it next to the source.
+
+ * The code to avoid mistaken attempt to add the object directory
+   itself as its own alternate could read beyond end of a string while
+   comparison.
+
+ * On some architectures, "block-sha1" did not compile correctly
+   when compilers inferred alignment guarantees from our source we
+   did not intend to make.
+
+ * When talking to a remote running ssh on IPv6 enabled host, whose
+   address is spelled as "[HOST]:PORT", we did not parse the address
+   correctly and failed to connect.
+
+ * git-blame.el (in compat/) have been updated to use Elisp more
+   correctly.
+
+ * "git checkout <branchname>" to come back from a detached HEAD state
+   incorrectly computed reachability of the detached HEAD, resulting
+   in unnecessary warnings.
+
+ * "git mergetool" did not support --tool-help option to give the list
+   of supported backends, like "git difftool" does.
+
+ * "git grep" stopped spawning an external "grep" long time ago, but a
+   duplicated test to check internal and external "grep" was left
+   behind.
+
+Also contains minor typofixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba7d3c3966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+Git v1.7.11.6 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.5
+---------------------
+
+ * "ciabot" script (in contrib/) has been updated with extensive
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git foo" errored out with "Not a directory" when the user had a
+   non-directory on $PATH, and worse yet it masked an alias "foo" from
+   running.
+
+ * When the user exports a non-default IFS without HT, scripts that
+   rely on being able to parse "ls-files -s | while read a b c..."
+   started to fail.  Protect them from such a misconfiguration.
+
+ * When the user gives an argument that can be taken as both a
+   revision name and a pathname without disambiguating with "--", we
+   used to give a help message "Use '--' to separate".  The message
+   has been clarified to show where that '--' goes on the command
+   line.
+
+ * Documentation for the configuration file format had a confusing
+   example.
+
+ * Older parts of the documentation described as if having a regular
+   file in .git/refs/ hierarchy were the only way to have branches and
+   tags, which is not true for quite some time.
+
+ * It was generally understood that "--long-option"s to many of our
+   subcommands can be abbreviated to the unique prefix, but it was not
+   easy to find it described for new readers of the documentation set.
+
+ * The "--topo-order", "--date-order" (and the lack of either means
+   the default order) options to "rev-list" and "log" family of
+   commands were poorly described in the documentation.
+
+ * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then
+   died when the human-readable committer name was given
+   insufficiently by getpwent(3).
+
+ * The exit status code from "git config" was way overspecified while
+   being incorrect.  The implementation has been updated to give the
+   documented status for a case that was documented, and introduce a
+   new code for "all other errors".
+
+ * The output from "git diff -B" for a file that ends with an
+   incomplete line did not put "\ No newline..." on a line of its own.
+
+ * "git diff" had a confusion between taking data from a path in the
+   working tree and taking data from an object that happens to have
+   name 0{40} recorded in a tree.
+
+ * The "--rebase" option to "git pull" can be abbreviated to "-r",
+   but we didn't document it.
+
+ * When "git push" triggered the automatic gc on the receiving end, a
+   message from "git prune" that said it was removing cruft leaked to
+   the standard output, breaking the communication protocol.
+
+ * The reflog entries left by "git rebase" and "git rebase -i" were
+   inconsistent (the interactive one gave an abbreviated object name).
+
+ * "git send-email" did not unquote encoded words that appear on the
+   header correctly, and lost "_" from strings.
+
+ * "git stash apply/pop" did not trigger "rerere" upon conflicts
+   unlike other mergy operations.
+
+ * "git submodule <cmd> path" did not error out when the path to the
+   submodule was misspelt.
+
+ * "git submodule update -f" did not update paths in the working tree
+   that has local changes.
+   (merge 01d4721 sz/submodule-force-update later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" when used with PATH_INFO failed to notice directories with
+   SP (and other characters that need URL-style quoting) in them.
+
+ * Fallback 'getpass' implementation made unportable use of stdio API.
+
+ * A utility shell function test_seq has been added as a replacement
+   for the 'seq' utility found on some platforms.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e7e79d999b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Git v1.7.11.7 Release Notes
+===========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11.6
+---------------------
+
+ * The synopsis said "checkout [-B branch]" to make it clear the
+   branch name is a parameter to the option, but the heading for the
+   option description was "-B::", not "-B branch::", making the
+   documentation misleading.
+
+ * Git ships with a fall-back regexp implementation for platforms with
+   buggy regexp library, but it was easy for people to keep using their
+   platform regexp.  A new test has been added to check this.
+
+ * "git apply -p0" did not parse pathnames on "diff --git" line
+   correctly.  This caused patches that had pathnames in no other
+   places to be mistakenly rejected (most notably, binary patch that
+   does not rename nor change mode).  Textual patches, renames or mode
+   changes have preimage and postimage pathnames in different places
+   in a form that can be parsed unambiguously and did not suffer from
+   this problem.
+
+ * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread
+   references" nor "Reload" did not update what is shown as the
+   contents of it, when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f".
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" did not currectly support more than one --sort
+   option.
+
+ * "git log .." errored out saying it is both rev range and a path
+   when there is no disambiguating "--" is on the command line.
+   Update the command line parser to interpret ".." as a path in such
+   a case.
+
+ * Pushing to smart HTTP server with recent Git fails without having
+   the username in the URL to force authentication, if the server is
+   configured to allow GET anonymously, while requiring authentication
+   for POST.
+
+ * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give timestamp correctly for
+   commits created without human readable name on "committer" line.
+   (merge e27ddb6 jc/maint-ident-missing-human-name later to maint).
+
+ * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but
+   wasn't.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15b954ca4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+Git v1.7.11 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Updates since v1.7.10
+---------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A new mode for push, "simple", which is a cross between "current"
+   and "upstream", has been introduced. "git push" without any refspec
+   will push the current branch out to the same name at the remote
+   repository only when it is set to track the branch with the same
+   name over there.  The plan is to make this mode the new default
+   value when push.default is not configured.
+
+ * A couple of commands learned the "--column" option to produce
+   columnar output.
+
+ * A third-party tool "git subtree" is distributed in contrib/
+
+ * A remote helper that acts as a proxy and caches ssl session for the
+   https:// transport is added to the contrib/ area.
+
+ * Error messages given when @{u} is used for a branch without its
+   upstream configured have been clarified.
+
+ * Even with the "-q"uiet option, "checkout" used to report setting up
+   tracking.  Also "branch" learned the "-q"uiet option to squelch
+   informational message.
+
+ * Your build platform may support hardlinks but you may prefer not to
+   use them, e.g. when installing to DESTDIR to make a tarball and
+   untarring on a filesystem that has poor support for hardlinks.
+   There is a Makefile option NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS for you.
+
+ * The smart-http backend used to always override GIT_COMMITTER_*
+   variables with REMOTE_USER and REMOTE_ADDR, but these variables are
+   now preserved when set.
+
+ * "git am" learned the "--include" option, which is an opposite of
+   existing the "--exclude" option.
+
+ * When "git am -3" needs to fall back to an application of the patch
+   to a synthesized preimage followed by a 3-way merge, the paths that
+   needed such treatment are now reported to the end user, so that the
+   result in them can be eyeballed with extra care.
+
+ * The output from "diff/log --stat" used to always allocate 4 columns
+   to show the number of modified lines, but not anymore.
+
+ * "git difftool" learned the "--dir-diff" option to spawn external
+   diff tools that can compare two directory hierarchies at a time
+   after populating two temporary directories, instead of running an
+   instance of the external tool once per a file pair.
+
+ * The "fmt-merge-msg" command learned to list the primary contributors
+   involved in the side topic you are merging in a comment in the merge
+   commit template.
+
+ * "git rebase" learned to optionally keep commits that do not
+   introduce any change in the original history.
+
+ * "git push --recurse-submodules" learned to optionally look into the
+   histories of submodules bound to the superproject and push them
+   out.
+
+ * A 'snapshot' request to "gitweb" honors If-Modified-Since: header,
+   based on the commit date.
+
+ * "gitweb" learned to highlight the patch it outputs even more.
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git svn" used to die with unwanted SIGPIPE when talking with an HTTP
+   server that uses keep-alive.
+
+ * "git svn" learned to use platform specific authentication
+   providers, e.g. gnome-keyring, kwallet, etc.
+
+ * "git p4" has been moved out of the contrib/ area and has seen more
+   work on importing labels as tags from (and exporting tags as labels
+   to) p4.
+
+Performance and Internal Implementation (please report possible regressions)
+
+ * Bash completion script (in contrib/) have been cleaned up to make
+   future work on it simpler.
+
+ * An experimental "version 4" format of the index file has been
+   introduced to reduce on-disk footprint and I/O overhead.
+
+ * "git archive" learned to produce its output without reading the
+   blob object it writes out in memory in its entirety.
+
+ * "git index-pack" that runs when fetching or pushing objects to
+   complete the packfile on the receiving end learned to use multiple
+   threads to do its job when available.
+
+ * The code to compute hash values for lines used by the internal diff
+   engine was optimized on little-endian machines, using the same
+   trick the kernel folks came up with.
+
+ * "git apply" had some memory leaks plugged.
+
+ * Setting up a revision traversal with many starting points was
+   inefficient as these were placed in a date-order priority queue
+   one-by-one.  Now they are collected in the queue unordered first,
+   and sorted immediately before getting used.
+
+ * More lower-level commands learned to use the streaming API to read
+   from the object store without keeping everything in core.
+
+ * The weighting parameters to suggestion command name typo have been
+   tweaked, so that "git tags" will suggest "tag?" and not "stage?".
+
+ * Because "sh" on the user's PATH may be utterly broken on some
+   systems, run-command API now uses SHELL_PATH, not /bin/sh, when
+   spawning an external command (not applicable to Windows port).
+
+ * The API to iterate over the refs/ hierarchy has been tweaked to
+   allow walking only a subset of it more efficiently.
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.10
+-------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.10 in the maintenance
+releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * "git submodule init" used to report "registered for path ..."
+   even for submodules that were registered earlier.
+   (cherry-pick c1c259e jl/submodule-report-new-path-once later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff --stat" used to fully count a binary file with modified
+   execution bits whose contents is unmodified, which was not quite
+   right.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b8f04af19f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+Git 1.7.12.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12
+-------------------
+
+ * "git apply -p0" did not parse pathnames on "diff --git" line
+   correctly.  This caused patches that had pathnames in no other
+   places to be mistakenly rejected (most notably, binary patch that
+   does not rename nor change mode).  Textual patches, renames or mode
+   changes have preimage and postimage pathnames in different places
+   in a form that can be parsed unambiguously and did not suffer from
+   this problem.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick A C B" used to replay changes in A and then B and
+   then C if these three commits had committer timestamps in that
+   order, which is not what the user who said "A C B" naturally
+   expects.
+
+ * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then
+   died when the human-readable committer name was given
+   insufficiently by getpwent(3).
+
+ * Some capabilities were asked by fetch-pack even when upload-pack
+   did not advertise that they are available.  fetch-pack has been
+   fixed not to do so.
+
+ * "git diff" had a confusion between taking data from a path in the
+   working tree and taking data from an object that happens to have
+   name 0{40} recorded in a tree.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" did not correctly support more than one --sort
+   option.
+
+ * "git log .." errored out saying it is both rev range and a path
+   when there is no disambiguating "--" is on the command line.
+   Update the command line parser to interpret ".." as a path in such
+   a case.
+
+ * The "--topo-order", "--date-order" (and the lack of either means
+   the default order) options to "rev-list" and "log" family of
+   commands were poorly described in the documentation.
+
+ * "git prune" without "-v" used to warn about leftover temporary
+   files (which is an indication of an earlier aborted operation).
+
+ * Pushing to smart HTTP server with recent Git fails without having
+   the username in the URL to force authentication, if the server is
+   configured to allow GET anonymously, while requiring authentication
+   for POST.
+
+ * The reflog entries left by "git rebase" and "git rebase -i" were
+   inconsistent (the interactive one gave an abbreviated object name).
+
+ * When "git push" triggered the automatic gc on the receiving end, a
+   message from "git prune" that said it was removing cruft leaked to
+   the standard output, breaking the communication protocol.
+
+ * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but
+   wasn't.
+
+ * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give timestamp correctly for
+   commits created without human readable name on "committer" line.
+
+ * "git send-email" did not unquote encoded words that appear on the
+   header correctly, and lost "_" from strings.
+
+ * The interactive prompt "git send-email" gives was error prone. It
+   asked "What e-mail address do you want to use?" with the address it
+   guessed (correctly) the user would want to use in its prompt,
+   tempting the user to say "y". But the response was taken as "No,
+   please use 'y' as the e-mail address instead", which is most
+   certainly not what the user meant.
+
+ * "gitweb" when used with PATH_INFO failed to notice directories with
+   SP (and other characters that need URL-style quoting) in them.
+
+ * When the user gives an argument that can be taken as both a
+   revision name and a pathname without disambiguating with "--", we
+   used to give a help message "Use '--' to separate".  The message
+   has been clarified to show where that '--' goes on the command
+   line.
+
+ * When the user exports a non-default IFS without HT, scripts that
+   rely on being able to parse "ls-files -s | while read a b c..."
+   started to fail.  Protect them from such a misconfiguration.
+
+ * The attribute system may be asked for a path that itself or its
+   leading directories no longer exists in the working tree, and it is
+   fine if we cannot open .gitattribute file in such a case.  Failure
+   to open per-directory .gitattributes with error status other than
+   ENOENT and ENOTDIR should be diagnosed, but it wasn't.
+
+ * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread
+   references" nor "Reload" did not update what is shown as the
+   contents of it, when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f".
+
+ * "ciabot" script (in contrib/) has been updated with extensive
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git-jump" script (in contrib/) did not work well when
+   diff.noprefix or diff.mnemonicprefix is in effect.
+
+ * Older parts of the documentation described as if having a regular
+   file in .git/refs/ hierarchy were the only way to have branches and
+   tags, which is not true for quite some time.
+
+ * A utility shell function test_seq has been added as a replacement
+   for the 'seq' utility found on some platforms.
+
+ * Compatibility wrapper to learn the maximum number of file
+   descriptors we can open around sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX) and
+   getrlimit(RLIMIT_NO_FILE) has been introduced for portability.
+
+ * We used curl_easy_strerror() without checking version of cURL,
+   breaking the build for versions before curl 7.12.0.
+
+ * Code to work around MacOS X UTF-8 gotcha has been cleaned up.
+
+ * Fallback 'getpass' implementation made unportable use of stdio API.
+
+ * The "--rebase" option to "git pull" can be abbreviated to "-r",
+   but we didn't document it.
+
+ * It was generally understood that "--long-option"s to many of our
+   subcommands can be abbreviated to the unique prefix, but it was not
+   easy to find it described for new readers of the documentation set.
+
+ * The synopsis said "checkout [-B branch]" to make it clear the
+   branch name is a parameter to the option, but the heading for the
+   option description was "-B::", not "-B branch::", making the
+   documentation misleading.
+
+Also contains numerous documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69255745e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+Git 1.7.12.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12.1
+---------------------
+
+ * When "git am" is fed an input that has multiple "Content-type: ..."
+   header, it did not grok charset= attribute correctly.
+
+ * Even during a conflicted merge, "git blame $path" always meant to
+   blame uncommitted changes to the "working tree" version; make it
+   more useful by showing cleanly merged parts as coming from the other
+   branch that is being merged.
+
+ * "git blame MAKEFILE" run in a history that has "Makefile" but not
+   "MAKEFILE" should say "No such file MAKEFILE in HEAD", but got
+   confused on a case insensitive filesystem and failed to do so.
+
+ * "git fetch --all", when passed "--no-tags", did not honor the
+   "--no-tags" option while fetching from individual remotes (the same
+   issue existed with "--tags", but combination "--all --tags" makes
+   much less sense than "--all --no-tags").
+
+ * "git log/diff/format-patch --stat" showed the "N line(s) added"
+   comment in user's locale and caused careless submitters to send
+   patches with such a line in them to projects whose project language
+   is not their language, mildly irritating others. Localization to
+   the line has been disabled for now.
+
+ * "git log --all-match --grep=A --grep=B" ought to show commits that
+   mention both A and B, but when these three options are used with
+   --author or --committer, it showed commits that mention either A or
+   B (or both) instead.
+
+ * The subcommand to remove the definition of a remote in "git remote"
+   was named "rm" even though all other subcommands were spelled out.
+   Introduce "git remote remove" to remove confusion, and keep "rm" as
+   a backward compatible synonym.
+
+Also contains a handful of documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ecda427a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git 1.7.12.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12.2
+---------------------
+
+ * "git am" mishandled a patch attached as application/octet-stream
+   (e.g. not text/*); Content-Transfer-Encoding (e.g. base64) was not
+   honored correctly.
+
+ * It was unclear in the documentation for "git blame" that it is
+   unnecessary for users to use the "--follow" option.
+
+ * A repository created with "git clone --single" had its fetch
+   refspecs set up just like a clone without "--single", leading the
+   subsequent "git fetch" to slurp all the other branches, defeating
+   the whole point of specifying "only this branch".
+
+ * "git fetch" over http had an old workaround for an unlikely server
+   misconfiguration; it turns out that this hurts debuggability of the
+   configuration in general, and has been reverted.
+
+ * "git fetch" over http advertised that it supports "deflate", which
+   is much less common, and did not advertise the more common "gzip" on
+   its Accept-Encoding header.
+
+ * "git receive-pack" (the counterpart to "git push") did not give
+   progress output while processing objects it received to the puser
+   when run over the smart-http protocol.
+
+ * "git status" honored the ignore=dirty settings in .gitmodules but
+   "git commit" didn't.
+
+Also contains a handful of documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c6da3cc939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Git 1.7.12.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12.3
+---------------------
+
+ * "git fetch" over the dumb-http revision walker could segfault when
+   curl's multi interface was used.
+
+ * It was possible to give specific paths for "asciidoc" and other
+   tools in the documentation toolchain, but not for "xmlto".
+
+ * "gitweb" did not give the correct committer timezone in its feed
+   output due to a typo.
+
+ * The "-Xours" (and similarly -Xtheirs) backend option to "git
+   merge -s recursive" was ignored for binary files.  Now it is
+   honored.
+
+ * The "binary" synthetic attribute made "diff" to treat the path as
+   binary, but not "merge".
+
+Also contains many documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..010d8c7de4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.12.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+Git v1.7.12 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Updates since v1.7.11
+---------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Git can be told to normalize pathnames it read from readdir(3) and
+   all arguments it got from the command line into precomposed UTF-8
+   (assuming that they come as decomposed UTF-8), in order to work
+   around issues on Mac OS.
+
+   I think there still are other places that need conversion
+   (e.g. paths that are read from stdin for some commands), but this
+   should be a good first step in the right direction.
+
+ * Per-user $HOME/.gitconfig file can optionally be stored in
+   $HOME/.config/git/config instead, which is in line with XDG.
+
+ * The value of core.attributesfile and core.excludesfile default to
+   $HOME/.config/git/attributes and $HOME/.config/git/ignore respectively
+   when these files exist.
+
+ * Logic to disambiguate abbreviated object names have been taught to
+   take advantage of object types that are expected in the context,
+   e.g. XXXXXX in the "git describe" output v1.2.3-gXXXXXX must be a
+   commit object, not a blob nor a tree.  This will help us prolong
+   the lifetime of abbreviated object names.
+
+ * "git apply" learned to wiggle the base version and perform three-way
+   merge when a patch does not exactly apply to the version you have.
+
+ * Scripted Porcelain writers now have access to the credential API via
+   the "git credential" plumbing command.
+
+ * "git help" used to always default to "man" format even on platforms
+   where "man" viewer is not widely available.
+
+ * "git clone --local $path" started its life as an experiment to
+   optionally use link/copy when cloning a repository on the disk, but
+   we didn't deprecate it after we made the option a no-op to always
+   use the optimization.  The command learned "--no-local" option to
+   turn this off, as a more explicit alternative over use of file://
+   URL.
+
+ * "git fetch" and friends used to say "remote side hung up
+   unexpectedly" when they failed to get response they expect from the
+   other side, but one common reason why they don't get expected
+   response is that the remote repository does not exist or cannot be
+   read. The error message in this case was updated to give better
+   hints to the user.
+
+ * "git help -w $cmd" can show HTML version of documentation for
+   "git-$cmd" by setting help.htmlpath to somewhere other than the
+   default location where the build procedure installs them locally;
+   the variable can even point at a http:// URL.
+
+ * "git rebase [-i] --root $tip" can now be used to rewrite all the
+   history leading to "$tip" down to the root commit.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" learned "-x <cmd>" to insert "exec <cmd>" after
+   each commit in the resulting history.
+
+ * "git status" gives finer classification to various states of paths
+   in conflicted state and offer advice messages in its output.
+
+ * "git submodule" learned to deal with nested submodule structure
+   where a module is contained within a module whose origin is
+   specified as a relative URL to its superproject's origin.
+
+ * A rather heavy-ish "git completion" script has been split to create
+   a separate "git prompting" script, to help lazy-autoloading of the
+   completion part while making prompting part always available.
+
+ * "gitweb" pays attention to various forms of credits that are
+   similar to "Signed-off-by:" lines in the commit objects and
+   highlights them accordingly.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "mediawiki" remote helper (in contrib/) learned to handle file
+   attachments.
+
+ * "git p4" now uses "Jobs:" and "p4 move" when appropriate.
+
+ * vcs-svn has been updated to clean-up compilation, lift 32-bit
+   limitations, etc.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc. (please report possible regressions)
+
+ * Some tests showed false failures caused by a bug in ecryptofs.
+
+ * We no longer use AsciiDoc7 syntax in our documentation and favor a
+   more modern style.
+
+ * "git am --rebasing" codepath was taught to grab authorship, log
+   message and the patch text directly out of existing commits.  This
+   will help rebasing commits that have confusing "diff" output in
+   their log messages.
+
+ * "git index-pack" and "git pack-objects" use streaming API to read
+   from the object store to avoid having to hold a large blob object
+   in-core while they are doing their thing.
+
+ * Code to match paths with exclude patterns learned to avoid calling
+   fnmatch() by comparing fixed leading substring literally when
+   possible.
+
+ * "git log -n 1 -- rarely-touched-path" was spending unnecessary
+   cycles after showing the first change to find the next one, only to
+   discard it.
+
+ * "git svn" got a large-looking code reorganization at the last
+   minute before the code freeze.
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.11
+-------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.11 in the maintenance
+releases are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * "git submodule add" was confused when the superproject did not have
+   its repository in its usual place in the working tree and GIT_DIR
+   and GIT_WORK_TREE was used to access it.
+
+ * "git commit --amend" let the user edit the log message and then died
+   when the human-readable committer name was given insufficiently by
+   getpwent(3).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
index cf3f455ced..7796df3fe4 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Fixes since v1.7.5.3
 --------------------
 
  * The single-key mode of "git add -p" was easily fooled into thinking
-   that it was told to add everthing ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by
+   that it was told to add everything ('a') when up-arrow was pressed by
    mistake.
 
  * Setting a git command that uses custom configuration via "-c var=val"
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e79118d063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Git v1.7.7.7 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.7.6
+--------------------
+
+ * An error message from 'git bundle' had an unmatched single quote pair in it.
+
+ * 'git diff --histogram' option was not described.
+
+ * 'git imap-send' carried an unused dead code.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
index e74f4ef1ef..b9c66aa1b7 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ Fixes since v1.7.8.1
  * The configuration file parser used for sizes (e.g. bigFileThreshold)
    did not correctly interpret 'g' suffix.
 
- * The replacement implemention for snprintf used on platforms with
+ * The replacement implementation for snprintf used on platforms with
    native snprintf that is broken did not use va_copy correctly.
 
  * LF-to-CRLF streaming filter replaced all LF with CRLF, which might
-   be techinically correct but not friendly to people who are trying
+   be technically correct but not friendly to people who are trying
    to recover from earlier mistakes of using CRLF in the repository
    data in the first place. It now refrains from doing so for LF that
    follows a CR.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9bf2b741a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Git v1.7.8.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.8.5
+--------------------
+
+ * An error message from 'git bundle' had an unmatched single quote pair in it.
+
+ * 'git diff --histogram' option was not described.
+
+ * Documentation for 'git rev-list' had minor formatting errors.
+
+ * 'git imap-send' carried an unused dead code.
+
+ * The way 'git fetch' implemented its connectivity check over
+   received objects was overly pessimistic, and wasted a lot of
+   cycles.
+
+ * Various minor backports of fixes from the 'master' and the 'maint'
+   branch.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
index b4d90bba0f..249311361e 100644
--- a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.8.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.7
  * Updates to bash completion scripts.
 
  * The build procedure has been taught to take advantage of computed
-   dependency automatically when the complier supports it.
+   dependency automatically when the compiler supports it.
 
  * The date parser now accepts timezone designators that lack minutes
    part and also has a colon between "hh:mm".
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Updates since v1.7.7
  * Variants of "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" that take multiple
    commits learned to "--continue" and "--abort".
 
- * "git daemon" gives more human readble error messages to clients
+ * "git daemon" gives more human readable error messages to clients
    using ERR packets when appropriate.
 
  * Errors at the network layer is logged by "git daemon".
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5217a1889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Git v1.7.9.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The code to synthesize the fake ancestor tree used by 3-way merge
+   fallback in "git am" was not prepared to read a patch created with
+   a non-standard -p<num> value.
+
+ * "git bundle" did not record boundary commits correctly when there
+   are many of them.
+
+ * "git diff-index" and its friends at the plumbing level showed the
+   "diff --git" header and nothing else for a path whose cached stat
+   info is dirty without actual difference when asked to produce a
+   patch. This was a longstanding bug that we could have fixed long
+   time ago.
+
+ * "gitweb" did use quotemeta() to prepare search string when asked to
+   do a fixed-string project search, but did not use it by mistake and
+   used the user-supplied string instead.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95cc2bbf2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Git v1.7.9.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9.4
+--------------------
+
+ * When "git config" diagnoses an error in a configuration file and
+   shows the line number for the offending line, it miscounted if the
+   error was at the end of line.
+
+ * "git fast-import" accepted "ls" command with an empty path by
+   mistake.
+
+ * Various new-ish output decoration modes of "git grep" were not
+   documented in the manual's synopsis section.
+
+ * The "remaining" subcommand to "git rerere" was not documented.
+
+ * "gitweb" used to drop warnings in the log file when "heads" view is
+   accessed in a repository whose HEAD does not point at a valid
+   branch.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74bf8825e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Git v1.7.9.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9.5
+--------------------
+
+ * "git merge $tag" to merge an annotated tag always opens the editor
+   during an interactive edit session. v1.7.10 series introduced an
+   environment variable GIT_MERGE_AUTOEDIT to help older scripts decline
+   this behaviour, but the maintenance track should also support it.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59667d0f2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Git v1.7.9.7 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.7.9.6
+--------------------
+
+ * An error message from 'git bundle' had an unmatched single quote pair in it.
+
+ * The way 'git fetch' implemented its connectivity check over
+   received objects was overly pessimistic, and wasted a lot of
+   cycles.
+
+Also contains minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f372fa0b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+Git v1.8.0.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0
+------------------
+
+ * The configuration parser had an unnecessary hardcoded limit on
+   variable names that was not checked consistently.
+
+ * The "say" function in the test scaffolding incorrectly allowed
+   "echo" to interpret "\a" as if it were a C-string asking for a
+   BEL output.
+
+ * "git mergetool" feeds /dev/null as a common ancestor when dealing
+   with an add/add conflict, but p4merge backend cannot handle
+   it. Work it around by passing a temporary empty file.
+
+ * "git log -F -E --grep='<ere>'" failed to use the given <ere>
+   pattern as extended regular expression, and instead looked for the
+   string literally.
+
+ * "git grep -e pattern <tree>" asked the attribute system to read
+   "<tree>:.gitattributes" file in the working tree, which was
+   nonsense.
+
+ * A symbolic ref refs/heads/SYM was not correctly removed with "git
+   branch -d SYM"; the command removed the ref pointed by SYM
+   instead.
+
+ * Earlier we fixed documentation to hyphenate "remote-tracking branch"
+   to clarify that these are not a remote entity, but unhyphenated
+   spelling snuck in to a few places since then.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" run while the HEAD is detached tried to find
+   the upstream branch of the detached HEAD (which by definition
+   does not exist) and emitted unnecessary error messages.
+
+ * The refs/replace hierarchy was not mentioned in the
+   repository-layout docs.
+
+ * Sometimes curl_multi_timeout() function suggested a wrong timeout
+   value when there is no file descriptors to wait on and the http
+   transport ended up sleeping for minutes in select(2) system call.
+   A workaround has been added for this.
+
+ * Various rfc2047 quoting issues around a non-ASCII name on the
+   From: line in the output from format-patch have been corrected.
+
+ * "git diff -G<pattern>" did not honor textconv filter when looking
+   for changes.
+
+ * Bash completion script (in contrib/) did not correctly complete a
+   lazy "git checkout $name_of_remote_tracking_branch_that_is_unique"
+   command line.
+
+ * RSS feed from "gitweb" had a xss hole in its title output.
+
+ * "git config --path $key" segfaulted on "[section] key" (a boolean
+   "true" spelled without "=", not "[section] key = true").
+
+ * "git checkout -b foo" while on an unborn branch did not say
+   "Switched to a new branch 'foo'" like other cases.
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8497e051de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v1.8.0.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Various codepaths have workaround for a common misconfiguration to
+   spell "UTF-8" as "utf8", but it was not used uniformly.  Most
+   notably, mailinfo (which is used by "git am") lacked this support.
+
+ * We failed to mention a file without any content change but whose
+   permission bit was modified, or (worse yet) a new file without any
+   content in the "git diff --stat" output.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for binary contents, the total
+   number of added and removed lines at the bottom was computed
+   incorrectly.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for unmerged paths, the total
+   number of affected files at the bottom of the "diff --stat" output
+   was computed incorrectly.
+
+ * "diff --shortstat" miscounted the total number of affected files
+   when there were unmerged paths.
+
+ * "git p4" used to try expanding malformed "$keyword$" that spans
+   across multiple lines.
+
+ * "git update-ref -d --deref SYM" to delete a ref through a symbolic
+   ref that points to it did not remove it correctly.
+
+ * Syntax highlighting in "gitweb" was not quite working.
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92b1e4b363
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Git v1.8.0.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "git log -p -S<string>" did not apply the textconv filter while
+   looking for the <string>.
+
+ * In the documentation, some invalid example e-mail addresses were
+   formatted into mailto: links.
+
+Also contains many documentation updates backported from the 'master'
+branch that is preparing for the upcoming 1.8.1 release.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43883c14f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+Git v1.8.0 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+In the next major release (not *this* one), we will change the
+behavior of the "git push" command.
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  We will use the "simple" semantics that pushes the
+current branch to the branch with the same name, only when the current
+branch is set to integrate with that remote branch.  There is a user
+preference configuration variable "push.default" to change this, and
+"git push" will warn about the upcoming change until you set this
+variable in this release.
+
+"git branch --set-upstream" is deprecated and may be removed in a
+relatively distant future.  "git branch [-u|--set-upstream-to]" has
+been introduced with a saner order of arguments.
+
+
+Updates since v1.7.12
+---------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A credential helper for Win32 to allow access to the keychain of
+   the logged-in user has been added.
+
+ * An initial port to HP NonStop.
+
+ * A credential helper to allow access to the Gnome keyring has been
+   added.
+
+ * When "git am" sanitizes the "Subject:" line, we strip the prefix from
+   "Re: subject" and also from a less common "re: subject", but left
+   the even less common "RE: subject" intact.  Now we strip that too.
+
+ * It was tempting to say "git branch --set-upstream origin/master",
+   but that tells Git to arrange the local branch "origin/master" to
+   integrate with the currently checked out branch, which is highly
+   unlikely what the user meant.  The option is deprecated; use the
+   new "--set-upstream-to" (with a short-and-sweet "-u") option
+   instead.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" learned the "--allow-empty-message" option to
+   allow it to replay a commit without any log message.
+
+ * After "git cherry-pick -s" gave control back to the user asking
+   help to resolve conflicts, concluding "git commit" used to need to
+   be run with "-s" if the user wants to sign it off; now the command
+   leaves the sign-off line in the log template.
+
+ * "git daemon" learned the "--access-hook" option to allow an
+   external command to decline service based on the client address,
+   repository path, etc.
+
+ * "git difftool --dir-diff" learned to use symbolic links to prepare
+   a temporary copy of the working tree when available.
+
+ * "git grep" learned to use a non-standard pattern type by default if
+   a configuration variable tells it to.
+
+ * Accumulated updates to "git gui" has been merged.
+
+ * "git log -g" learned the "--grep-reflog=<pattern>" option to limit
+   its output to commits with a reflog message that matches the given
+   pattern.
+
+ * "git merge-base" learned the "--is-ancestor A B" option to tell if A is
+   an ancestor of B.  The result is indicated by its exit status code.
+
+ * "git mergetool" now allows users to override the actual command used
+   with the mergetool.$name.cmd configuration variable even for built-in
+   mergetool backends.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" learned the "--edit-todo" option to open an editor
+   to edit the instruction sheet.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git svn" has been updated to work with SVN 1.7.
+
+ * "git p4" learned the "--conflicts" option to specify what to do when
+   encountering a conflict during "p4 submit".
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Git ships with a fall-back regexp implementation for platforms with
+   buggy regexp library, but it was easy for people to keep using their
+   platform regexp by mistake.  A new test has been added to check this.
+
+ * The "check-docs" build target has been updated and greatly
+   simplified.
+
+ * The test suite is run under MALLOC_CHECK_ when running with a glibc
+   that supports the feature.
+
+ * The documentation in the TeXinfo format was using indented output
+   for materials meant to be examples that are better typeset in
+   monospace.
+
+ * Compatibility wrapper around some mkdir(2) implementations that
+   reject parameters with trailing slash has been introduced.
+
+ * Compatibility wrapper for systems that lack usable setitimer() has
+   been added.
+
+ * The option parsing of "git checkout" had error checking, dwim and
+   defaulting missing options, all mixed in the code, and issuing an
+   appropriate error message with useful context was getting harder.
+   The code has been reorganized to allow giving a proper diagnosis
+   when the user says "git checkout -b -t foo bar" (e.g. "-t" is not a
+   good name for a branch).
+
+ * Many internal uses of a "git merge-base" equivalent were only to see
+   if one commit fast-forwards to the other, which did not need the
+   full set of merge bases to be computed. They have been updated to
+   use less expensive checks.
+
+ * The heuristics to detect and silently convert latin1 to utf8 when
+   we were told to use utf-8 in the log message has been transplanted
+   from "mailinfo" to "commit" and "commit-tree".
+
+ * Messages given by "git <subcommand> -h" from many subcommands have
+   been marked for translation.
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.7.12
+-------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.7.12 in the
+maintenance track are contained in this release (see release notes
+to them for details).
+
+ * The attribute system may be asked for a path that itself or its
+   leading directories no longer exists in the working tree, and it is
+   fine if we cannot open .gitattribute file in such a case.  Failure
+   to open per-directory .gitattributes with error status other than
+   ENOENT and ENOTDIR should be diagnosed, but it wasn't.
+
+ * When looking for $HOME/.gitconfig etc., it is OK if we cannot read
+   them because they do not exist, but we did not diagnose existing
+   files that we cannot read.
+
+ * When "git am" is fed an input that has multiple "Content-type: ..."
+   header, it did not grok charset= attribute correctly.
+
+ * "git am" mishandled a patch attached as application/octet-stream
+   (e.g. not text/*); Content-Transfer-Encoding (e.g. base64) was not
+   honored correctly.
+
+ * "git blame MAKEFILE" run in a history that has "Makefile" but not
+   "MAKEFILE" should say "No such file MAKEFILE in HEAD", but got
+   confused on a case insensitive filesystem and failed to do so.
+
+ * Even during a conflicted merge, "git blame $path" always meant to
+   blame uncommitted changes to the "working tree" version; make it
+   more useful by showing cleanly merged parts as coming from the other
+   branch that is being merged.
+
+ * It was unclear in the documentation for "git blame" that it is
+   unnecessary for users to use the "--follow" option.
+
+ * Output from "git branch -v" contains "(no branch)" that could be
+   localized, but the code to align it along with the names of
+   branches was counting in bytes, not in display columns.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick A C B" used to replay changes in A and then B and
+   then C if these three commits had committer timestamps in that
+   order, which is not what the user who said "A C B" naturally
+   expects.
+
+ * A repository created with "git clone --single" had its fetch
+   refspecs set up just like a clone without "--single", leading the
+   subsequent "git fetch" to slurp all the other branches, defeating
+   the whole point of specifying "only this branch".
+
+ * Documentation talked about "first line of commit log" when it meant
+   the title of the commit.  The description was clarified by defining
+   how the title is decided and rewording the casual mention of "first
+   line" to "title".
+
+ * "git cvsimport" did not thoroughly cleanse tag names that it
+   inferred from the names of the tags it obtained from CVS, which
+   caused "git tag" to barf and stop the import in the middle.
+
+ * Earlier we made the diffstat summary line that shows the number of
+   lines added/deleted localizable, but it was found irritating having
+   to see them in various languages on a list whose discussion language
+   is English, and this change has been reverted.
+
+ * "git fetch --all", when passed "--no-tags", did not honor the
+   "--no-tags" option while fetching from individual remotes (the same
+   issue existed with "--tags", but the combination "--all --tags" makes
+   much less sense than "--all --no-tags").
+
+ * "git fetch" over http had an old workaround for an unlikely server
+   misconfiguration; it turns out that this hurts debuggability of the
+   configuration in general, and has been reverted.
+
+ * "git fetch" over http advertised that it supports "deflate", which
+   is much less common, and did not advertise the more common "gzip" on
+   its Accept-Encoding header.
+
+ * "git fetch" over the dumb-http revision walker could segfault when
+   curl's multi interface was used.
+
+ * "git gc --auto" notified the user that auto-packing has triggered
+    even under the "--quiet" option.
+
+ * After "gitk" showed the contents of a tag, neither "Reread
+   references" nor "Reload" updated what is shown as the
+   contents of it when the user overwrote the tag with "git tag -f".
+
+ * "git log --all-match --grep=A --grep=B" ought to show commits that
+   mention both A and B, but when these three options are used with
+   --author or --committer, it showed commits that mention either A or
+   B (or both) instead.
+
+ * The "-Xours" backend option to "git merge -s recursive" was ignored
+   for binary files.
+
+ * "git p4", when "--use-client-spec" and "--detect-branches" are used
+   together, misdetected branches.
+
+ * "git receive-pack" (the counterpart to "git push") did not give
+   progress output while processing objects it received to the puser
+   when run over the smart-http protocol.
+
+ * When you misspell the command name you give to the "exec" action in
+   the "git rebase -i" instruction sheet you were told that 'rebase' is not a
+   git subcommand from "git rebase --continue".
+
+ * The subcommand in "git remote" to remove a defined remote was
+   "rm" and the command did not take a fully-spelled "remove".
+
+ * The interactive prompt that "git send-email" gives was error prone. It
+   asked "What e-mail address do you want to use?" with the address it
+   guessed (correctly) the user would want to use in its prompt,
+   tempting the user to say "y". But the response was taken as "No,
+   please use 'y' as the e-mail address instead", which is most
+   certainly not what the user meant.
+
+ * "git show --format='%ci'" did not give the timestamp correctly for
+   commits created without human readable name on the "committer" line.
+
+ * "git show --quiet" ought to be a synonym for "git show -s", but
+   wasn't.
+
+ * "git submodule frotz" was not diagnosed as "frotz" being an unknown
+   subcommand to "git submodule"; the user instead got a complaint
+   that "git submodule status" was run with an unknown path "frotz".
+
+ * "git status" honored the ignore=dirty settings in .gitmodules but
+   "git commit" didn't.
+
+ * "gitweb" did not give the correct committer timezone in its feed
+   output due to a typo.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cde07ba29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+Git 1.8.1.1 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1
+------------------
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.
+
+ * When attempting to read the XDG-style $HOME/.config/git/config and
+   finding that $HOME/.config/git is a file, we gave a wrong error
+   message, instead of treating the case as "a custom config file does
+   not exist there" and moving on.
+
+ * After failing to create a temporary file using mkstemp(), failing
+   pathname was not reported correctly on some platforms.
+
+ * http transport was wrong to ask for the username when the
+   authentication is done by certificate identity.
+
+ * The behaviour visible to the end users was confusing, when they
+   attempt to kill a process spawned in the editor that was in turn
+   launched by Git with SIGINT (or SIGQUIT), as Git would catch that
+   signal and die.  We ignore these signals now.
+
+ * A child process that was killed by a signal (e.g. SIGINT) was
+   reported in an inconsistent way depending on how the process was
+   spawned by us, with or without a shell in between.
+
+ * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the
+   index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted.
+
+ * "git apply" misbehaved when fixing whitespace breakages by removing
+   excess trailing blank lines in some corner cases.
+
+ * A tar archive created by "git archive" recorded a directory in a
+   way that made NetBSD's implementation of "tar" sometimes unhappy.
+
+ * When "git clone --separate-git-dir=$over_there" is interrupted, it
+   failed to remove the real location of the $GIT_DIR it created.
+   This was most visible when interrupting a submodule update.
+
+ * "git fetch --mirror" and fetch that uses other forms of refspec
+   with wildcard used to attempt to update a symbolic ref that match
+   the wildcard on the receiving end, which made little sense (the
+   real ref that is pointed at by the symbolic ref would be updated
+   anyway).  Symbolic refs no longer are affected by such a fetch.
+
+ * The "log --graph" codepath fell into infinite loop in some
+   corner cases.
+
+ * "git merge" started calling prepare-commit-msg hook like "git
+   commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit
+   status of the hook.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that
+   created new refs had a race that can lose new ones.
+
+ * When a line to be wrapped has a solid run of non space characters
+   whose length exactly is the wrap width, "git shortlog -w" failed
+   to add a newline after such a line.
+
+ * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and
+   GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system.
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran
+   "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary.
+
+ * Some scripted programs written in Python did not get updated when
+   PYTHON_PATH changed.
+
+ * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an
+   old version of the tutorial; removed.
+
+ * Portability issues in many self-test scripts have been addressed.
+
+
+Also contains other minor fixes and documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ab7b18906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Git 1.8.1.2 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.1
+--------------------
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES list that does not name the
+   real path to a directory (i.e. a symbolic link) could have caused
+   the GIT_DIR discovery logic to escape the ceiling.
+
+ * Command line completion for "tcsh" emitted an unwanted space
+   after completing a single directory name.
+
+ * Command line completion leaked an unnecessary error message while
+   looking for possible matches with paths in <tree-ish>.
+
+ * "git archive" did not record uncompressed size in the header when
+   streaming a zip archive, which confused some implementations of unzip.
+
+ * When users spelled "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the
+   trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from
+   there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this
+   script should follow suit and treat "cc:" and "Cc:" the same way.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..681cb35c0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git 1.8.1.3 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.  The fix for this in 1.8.1.2 had
+   performance degradations.
+
+ * Command line completion code was inadvertently made incompatible with
+   older versions of bash by using a newer array notation.
+
+ * Scripts to test bash completion was inherently flaky as it was
+   affected by whatever random things the user may have on $PATH.
+
+ * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy
+   versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which
+   unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient
+   distros.
+
+ * We used to stuff "user@" and then append what we read from
+   /etc/mailname to come up with a default e-mail ident, but a bug
+   lost the "user@" part.
+
+ * "git am" did not parse datestamp correctly from Hg generated patch,
+   when it is run in a locale outside C (or en).
+
+ * Attempt to "branch --edit-description" an existing branch, while
+   being on a detached HEAD, errored out.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" did not replay a root commit to an unborn branch.
+
+ * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output,
+   killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" lost empty merges in recent versions
+   of Git.
+
+ * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule
+   has been broken since v1.7.12.
+
+ * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch
+   dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22af1d1643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Git 1.8.1.4 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.3
+--------------------
+
+ * "git imap-send" talking over imaps:// did make sure it received a
+   valid certificate from the other end, but did not check if the
+   certificate matched the host it thought it was talking to.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efa68aef22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git 1.8.1.5 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Given a string with a multi-byte character that begins with '-' on
+   the command line where an option is expected, the option parser
+   used just one byte of the unknown letter when reporting an error.
+
+ * In v1.8.1, the attribute parser was tightened too restrictive to
+   error out upon seeing an entry that begins with an ! (exclamation),
+   which may confuse users to expect a "negative match", which does
+   not exist.  This has been demoted to a warning; such an entry is
+   still ignored.
+
+ * "git apply --summary" has been taught to make sure the similarity
+   value shown in its output is sensible, even when the input had a
+   bogus value.
+
+ * "git clean" showed what it was going to do, but sometimes ended
+   up finding that it was not allowed to do so, which resulted in a
+   confusing output (e.g. after saying that it will remove an
+   untracked directory, it found an embedded git repository there
+   which it is not allowed to remove).  It now performs the actions
+   and then reports the outcome more faithfully.
+
+ * "git clone" used to allow --bare and --separate-git-dir=$there
+   options at the same time, which was nonsensical.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" mishandled timestamps at DST boundary.
+
+ * We used to have an arbitrary 32 limit for combined diff input,
+   resulting in incorrect number of leading colons shown when showing
+   the "--raw --cc" output.
+
+ * The smart HTTP clients forgot to verify the content-type that comes
+   back from the server side to make sure that the request is being
+   handled properly.
+
+ * "git help remote-helpers" failed to find the documentation.
+
+ * "gitweb" pages served over HTTPS, when configured to show picon or
+   gravatar, referred to these external resources to be fetched via
+   HTTP, resulting in mixed contents warning in browsers.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c15cf2e805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Git 1.8.1.6 Release Notes
+=========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1.5
+--------------------
+
+ * An earlier change to the attribute system introduced at v1.8.1.2 by
+   mistake stopped a pattern "dir" (without trailing slash) from
+   matching a directory "dir" (it only wanted to allow pattern "dir/"
+   to also match).
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems can get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and looped forever.
+
+ * When the "--prefix" option is used to "checkout-index", the code
+   did not pick the correct output filter based on the attribute
+   setting.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to the ls-remote and fetch with recent version of Git.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+Also contains various documentation fixes.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6f9555923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+Git v1.8.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+In the next major release (not *this* one), we will change the
+behavior of the "git push" command.
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  We will use the "simple" semantics that pushes the
+current branch to the branch with the same name, only when the current
+branch is set to integrate with that remote branch.  There is a user
+preference configuration variable "push.default" to change this, and
+"git push" will warn about the upcoming change until you set this
+variable in this release.
+
+"git branch --set-upstream" is deprecated and may be removed in a
+relatively distant future.  "git branch [-u|--set-upstream-to]" has
+been introduced with a saner order of arguments to replace it.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.0
+--------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Command-line completion scripts for tcsh and zsh have been added.
+
+ * "git-prompt" scriptlet (in contrib/completion) can be told to paint
+   pieces of the hints in the prompt string in colors.
+
+ * Some documentation pages that used to ship only in the plain text
+   format are now formatted in HTML as well.
+
+ * We used to have a workaround for a bug in ancient "less" that
+   causes it to exit without any output when the terminal is resized.
+   The bug has been fixed in "less" version 406 (June 2007), and the
+   workaround has been removed in this release.
+
+ * When "git checkout" checks out a branch, it tells the user how far
+   behind (or ahead) the new branch is relative to the remote tracking
+   branch it builds upon.  The message now also advises how to sync
+   them up by pushing or pulling.  This can be disabled with the
+   advice.statusHints configuration variable.
+
+ * "git config --get" used to diagnose presence of multiple
+   definitions of the same variable in the same configuration file as
+   an error, but it now applies the "last one wins" rule used by the
+   internal configuration logic.  Strictly speaking, this may be an
+   API regression but it is expected that nobody will notice it in
+   practice.
+
+ * A new configuration variable "diff.context" can be used to
+   give the default number of context lines in the patch output, to
+   override the hardcoded default of 3 lines.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned the "--notes=<ref>" option to give
+   notes for the commit after the three-dash lines in its output.
+
+ * "git log -p -S<string>" now looks for the <string> after applying
+   the textconv filter (if defined); earlier it inspected the contents
+   of the blobs without filtering.
+
+ * "git log --grep=<pcre>" learned to honor the "grep.patterntype"
+   configuration set to "perl".
+
+ * "git replace -d <object>" now interprets <object> as an extended
+   SHA-1 (e.g. HEAD~4 is allowed), instead of only accepting full hex
+   object name.
+
+ * "git rm $submodule" used to punt on removing a submodule working
+   tree to avoid losing the repository embedded in it.  Because
+   recent git uses a mechanism to separate the submodule repository
+   from the submodule working tree, "git rm" learned to detect this
+   case and removes the submodule working tree when it is safe to do so.
+
+ * "git send-email" used to prompt for the sender address, even when
+   the committer identity is well specified (e.g. via user.name and
+   user.email configuration variables).  The command no longer gives
+   this prompt when not necessary.
+
+ * "git send-email" did not allow non-address garbage strings to
+   appear after addresses on Cc: lines in the patch files (and when
+   told to pick them up to find more recipients), e.g.
+
+     Cc: Stable Kernel <stable@k.org> # for v3.2 and up
+
+   The command now strips " # for v3.2 and up" part before adding the
+   remainder of this line to the list of recipients.
+
+ * "git submodule add" learned to add a new submodule at the same
+   path as the path where an unrelated submodule was bound to in an
+   existing revision via the "--name" option.
+
+ * "git submodule sync" learned the "--recursive" option.
+
+ * "diff.submodule" configuration variable can be used to give custom
+   default value to the "git diff --submodule" option.
+
+ * "git symbolic-ref" learned the "-d $symref" option to delete the
+   named symbolic ref, which is more intuitive way to spell it than
+   "update-ref -d --no-deref $symref".
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git cvsimport" can be told to record timezones (other than GMT)
+   per-author via its author info file.
+
+ * The remote helper interface to interact with subversion
+   repositories (one of the GSoC 2012 projects) has been merged.
+
+ * A new remote-helper interface for Mercurial has been added to
+   contrib/remote-helpers.
+
+ * The documentation for git(1) was pointing at a page at an external
+   site for the list of authors that no longer existed.  The link has
+   been updated to point at an alternative site.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Compilation on Cygwin with newer header files are supported now.
+
+ * A couple of low-level implementation updates on MinGW.
+
+ * The logic to generate the initial advertisement from "upload-pack"
+   (i.e. what is invoked by "git fetch" on the other side of the
+   connection) to list what refs are available in the repository has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * The logic to find set of attributes that match a given path has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * Use preloadindex in "git diff-index" and "git update-index", which
+   has a nice speedup on systems with slow stat calls (and even on
+   Linux).
+
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.0
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.0 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * The configuration parser had an unnecessary hardcoded limit on
+   variable names that was not checked consistently.
+
+ * The "say" function in the test scaffolding incorrectly allowed
+   "echo" to interpret "\a" as if it were a C-string asking for a
+   BEL output.
+
+ * "git mergetool" feeds /dev/null as a common ancestor when dealing
+   with an add/add conflict, but p4merge backend cannot handle
+   it. Work it around by passing a temporary empty file.
+
+ * "git log -F -E --grep='<ere>'" failed to use the given <ere>
+   pattern as extended regular expression, and instead looked for the
+   string literally.
+
+ * "git grep -e pattern <tree>" asked the attribute system to read
+   "<tree>:.gitattributes" file in the working tree, which was
+   nonsense.
+
+ * A symbolic ref refs/heads/SYM was not correctly removed with "git
+   branch -d SYM"; the command removed the ref pointed by SYM
+   instead.
+
+ * Update "remote tracking branch" in the documentation to
+   "remote-tracking branch".
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" run while the HEAD is detached tried to find
+   the upstream branch of the detached HEAD (which by definition
+   does not exist) and emitted unnecessary error messages.
+
+ * The refs/replace hierarchy was not mentioned in the
+   repository-layout docs.
+
+ * Various rfc2047 quoting issues around a non-ASCII name on the
+   From: line in the output from format-patch have been corrected.
+
+ * Sometimes curl_multi_timeout() function suggested a wrong timeout
+   value when there is no file descriptor to wait on and the http
+   transport ended up sleeping for minutes in select(2) system call.
+   A workaround has been added for this.
+
+ * For a fetch refspec (or the result of applying wildcard on one),
+   we always want the RHS to map to something inside "refs/"
+   hierarchy, but the logic to check it was not exactly right.
+   (merge 5c08c1f jc/maint-fetch-tighten-refname-check later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff -G<pattern>" did not honor textconv filter when looking
+   for changes.
+
+ * Some HTTP servers ask for auth only during the actual packing phase
+   (not in ls-remote phase); this is not really a recommended
+   configuration, but the clients used to fail to authenticate with
+   such servers.
+   (merge 2e736fd jk/maint-http-half-auth-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * "git p4" used to try expanding malformed "$keyword$" that spans
+   across multiple lines.
+
+ * Syntax highlighting in "gitweb" was not quite working.
+
+ * RSS feed from "gitweb" had a xss hole in its title output.
+
+ * "git config --path $key" segfaulted on "[section] key" (a boolean
+   "true" spelled without "=", not "[section] key = true").
+
+ * "git checkout -b foo" while on an unborn branch did not say
+   "Switched to a new branch 'foo'" like other cases.
+
+ * Various codepaths have workaround for a common misconfiguration to
+   spell "UTF-8" as "utf8", but it was not used uniformly.  Most
+   notably, mailinfo (which is used by "git am") lacked this support.
+
+ * We failed to mention a file without any content change but whose
+   permission bit was modified, or (worse yet) a new file without any
+   content in the "git diff --stat" output.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for binary contents, the total
+   number of added and removed lines at the bottom was computed
+   incorrectly.
+
+ * When "--stat-count" hides a diffstat for unmerged paths, the total
+   number of affected files at the bottom of the "diff --stat" output
+   was computed incorrectly.
+
+ * "diff --shortstat" miscounted the total number of affected files
+   when there were unmerged paths.
+
+ * "update-ref -d --deref SYM" to delete a ref through a symbolic ref
+   that points to it did not remove it correctly.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..769a6fc06c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+Git v1.8.2.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2
+------------------
+
+ * An earlier change to the attribute system introduced at v1.8.1.2 by
+   mistake stopped a pattern "dir" (without trailing slash) from
+   matching a directory "dir" (it only wanted to allow pattern "dir/"
+   to also match).
+
+ * Verification of signed tags were not done correctly when not in C
+   or en/US locale.
+
+ * 'git commit -m "$msg"' used to add an extra newline even when
+   $msg already ended with one.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" option of "git describe", when used with
+   "--all" to allow refs that are not annotated tags to be used as a
+   base of description, did not restrict the output from the command
+   to those that match the given pattern.
+
+ * An aliased command spawned from a bare repository that does not say
+   it is bare with "core.bare = yes" is treated as non-bare by mistake.
+
+ * When "format-patch" quoted a non-ascii strings on the header files,
+   it incorrectly applied rfc2047 and chopped a single character in
+   the middle of it.
+
+ * "git archive" reports a failure when asked to create an archive out
+   of an empty tree.  It would be more intuitive to give an empty
+   archive back in such a case.
+
+ * "git tag -f <tag>" always said "Updated tag '<tag>'" even when
+   creating a new tag (i.e. not overwriting nor updating).
+
+ * "git cmd -- ':(top'" was not diagnosed as an invalid syntax, and
+   instead the parser kept reading beyond the end of the string.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to the ls-remote and fetch with recent version of Git.
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems can get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and looped forever.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not
+   accumulate the prefix paths.
+
+ * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort
+   filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to
+   sort messages in the order the writing MUA meant to, by sorting
+   numeric segment in numeric order and non-numeric segment in
+   alphabetical order.
+
+ * When export-subst is used, "zip" output recorded incorrect
+   size of the file.
+
+ * Some platforms and users spell UTF-8 differently; retry with the
+   most official "UTF-8" when the system does not understand the
+   user-supplied encoding name that are the common alternative
+   spellings of UTF-8.
+
+ * "git branch" did not bother to check nonsense command line
+   parameters and issue errors in many cases.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * "git index-pack" had a buffer-overflow while preparing an
+   informational message when the translated version of it was too
+   long.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation "what" gets pushed to "where" when the
+   command line to "git push" does not say these explicitly.
+
+ * In "git reflog expire", REACHABLE bit was not cleared from the
+   correct objects.
+
+ * The "--color=<when>" argument to the commands in the diff family
+   was described poorly.
+
+ * The arguments given to pre-rebase hook were not documented.
+
+ * The v4 index format was not documented.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" argument "git describe" takes uses glob
+   pattern but it wasn't obvious from the documentation.
+
+ * Some sources failed to compile on systems that lack NI_MAXHOST in
+   their system header (e.g. z/OS).
+
+ * Add an example use of "--env-filter" in "filter-branch"
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+ * In the v1.8.0 era, we changed symbols that do not have to be global
+   to file scope static, but a few functions in graph.c were used by
+   CGit from sideways bypassing the entry points of the API the
+   in-tree users use.
+
+ * "git merge-tree" had a typo in the logic to detect d/f conflicts,
+   which caused it to segfault in some cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..708df1ae19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+Git v1.8.2.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Zsh completion forgot that '%' character used to signal untracked
+   files needs to be escaped with another '%'.
+
+ * A commit object whose author or committer ident are malformed
+   crashed some code that trusted that a name, an email and an
+   timestamp can always be found in it.
+
+ * The new core.commentchar configuration was not applied to a few
+   places.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" did not pass "-v/-q" options to underlying
+   "git rebase".
+
+ * When receive-pack detects error in the pack header it received in
+   order to decide which of unpack-objects or index-pack to run, it
+   returned without closing the error stream, which led to a hang
+   sideband thread.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-algorithm=algo" was understood by the command line
+   parser, but "git diff --diff-algorithm algo" was not.
+
+ * "git log -S/-G" started paying attention to textconv filter, but
+   there was no way to disable this.  Make it honor --no-textconv
+   option.
+
+ * "git merge $(git rev-parse v1.8.2)" behaved quite differently from
+   "git merge v1.8.2", as if v1.8.2 were written as v1.8.2^0 and did
+   not pay much attention to the annotated tag payload.  Make the code
+   notice the type of the tag object, in addition to the dwim_ref()
+   based classification the current code uses (i.e. the name appears
+   in refs/tags/) to decide when to special case merging of tags.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" and "git revert" can take more than one commit
+   on the command line these days, but it was not mentioned on the usage
+   text.
+
+ * Perl scripts like "git-svn" closed (not redirecting to /dev/null)
+   the standard error stream, which is not a very smart thing to do.
+   Later open may return file descriptor #2 for unrelated purpose, and
+   error reporting code may write into them.
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" was not prepared to see a line getting
+   longer after fixing whitespaces (e.g. tab-in-indent aka Python).
+
+ * "git diff/log --cc" did not work well with options that ignore
+   whitespace changes.
+
+ * Documentation on setting up a http server that requires
+   authentication only on the push but not fetch has been clarified.
+
+ * A few bugfixes to "git rerere" working on corner case merge
+   conflicts have been applied.
+
+ * "git bundle" did not like a bundle created using a commit without
+   any message as its one of the prerequisites.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..613948251a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Git v1.8.2.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "rev-list --stdin" and friends kept bogus pointers into the input
+   buffer around as human readable object names.  This was not a
+   huge problem but was exposed by a new change that uses these
+   names in error output.
+
+ * When "git difftool" drove "kdiff3", it mistakenly passed --auto
+   option that was meant while resolving merge conflicts.
+
+ * "git remote add" command did not diagnose extra command line
+   arguments as an error and silently ignored them.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc606ae116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+Git v1.8.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (this release)
+-------------------------------------------
+
+"git push $there tag v1.2.3" used to allow replacing a tag v1.2.3
+that already exists in the repository $there, if the rewritten tag
+you are pushing points at a commit that is a descendant of a commit
+that the old tag v1.2.3 points at.  This was found to be error prone
+and starting with this release, any attempt to update an existing
+ref under refs/tags/ hierarchy will fail, without "--force".
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A" that does not specify what paths
+to add on the command line is run from inside a subdirectory, the
+scope of the operation has always been limited to the subdirectory.
+Many users found this counter-intuitive, given that "git commit -a"
+and other commands operate on the entire tree regardless of where you
+are.  In this release, these commands give a warning message that
+suggests the users to use "git add -u/-A ." when they want to limit
+the scope to the current directory; doing so will squelch the message,
+while training their fingers.
+
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes the current branch to the branch with the same
+name, only when the current branch is set to integrate with that
+remote branch.  There is a user preference configuration variable
+"push.default" to change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used
+to the "matching" semantics, you can set it to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early,
+you can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A", that does not specify what paths
+to add on the command line is run from inside a subdirectory, these
+commands will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands. Because there will be no
+mechanism to make "git add -u" behave as if "git add -u .", it is
+important for those who are used to "git add -u" (without pathspec)
+updating the index only for paths in the current subdirectory to start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ." when they mean
+it before Git 2.0 comes.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.1
+--------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Initial ports to QNX and z/OS UNIX System Services have started.
+
+ * Output from the tests is coloured using "green is okay, yellow is
+   questionable, red is bad and blue is informative" scheme.
+
+ * Mention of "GIT/Git/git" in the documentation have been updated to
+   be more uniform and consistent.  The name of the system and the
+   concept it embodies is "Git"; the command the users type is "git".
+   All-caps "GIT" was merely a way to imitate "Git" typeset in small
+   caps in our ASCII text only documentation and to be avoided.
+
+ * The completion script (in contrib/completion) used to let the
+   default completer to suggest pathnames, which gave too many
+   irrelevant choices (e.g. "git add" would not want to add an
+   unmodified path).  It learnt to use a more git-aware logic to
+   enumerate only relevant ones.
+
+ * In bare repositories, "git shortlog" and other commands now read
+   mailmap files from the tip of the history, to help running these
+   tools in server settings.
+
+ * Color specifiers, e.g. "%C(blue)Hello%C(reset)", used in the
+   "--format=" option of "git log" and friends can be disabled when
+   the output is not sent to a terminal by prefixing them with
+   "auto,", e.g. "%C(auto,blue)Hello%C(auto,reset)".
+
+ * Scripts can ask Git that wildcard patterns in pathspecs they give do
+   not have any significance, i.e. take them as literal strings.
+
+ * The patterns in .gitignore and .gitattributes files can have **/,
+   as a pattern that matches 0 or more levels of subdirectory.
+   E.g. "foo/**/bar" matches "bar" in "foo" itself or in a
+   subdirectory of "foo".
+
+ * When giving arguments without "--" disambiguation, object names
+   that come earlier on the command line must not be interpretable as
+   pathspecs and pathspecs that come later on the command line must
+   not be interpretable as object names.  This disambiguation rule has
+   been tweaked so that ":/" (no other string before or after) is
+   always interpreted as a pathspec; "git cmd -- :/" is no longer
+   needed, you can just say "git cmd :/".
+
+ * Various "hint" lines Git gives when it asks the user to edit
+   messages in the editor are commented out with '#' by default. The
+   core.commentchar configuration variable can be used to customize
+   this '#' to a different character.
+
+ * "git add -u" and "git add -A" without pathspec issues warning to
+   make users aware that they are only operating on paths inside the
+   subdirectory they are in.  Use ":/" (everything from the top) or
+   "." (everything from the $cwd) to disambiguate.
+
+ * "git blame" (and "git diff") learned the "--no-follow" option.
+
+ * "git branch" now rejects some nonsense combinations of command line
+   arguments (e.g. giving more than one branch name to rename) with
+   more case-specific error messages.
+
+ * "git check-ignore" command to help debugging .gitignore files has
+   been added.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" can be used to replay a root commit to an unborn
+   branch.
+
+ * "git commit" can be told to use --cleanup=whitespace by setting the
+   configuration variable commit.cleanup to 'whitespace'.
+
+ * "git diff" and other Porcelain commands can be told to use a
+   non-standard algorithm by setting diff.algorithm configuration
+   variable.
+
+ * "git fetch --mirror" and fetch that uses other forms of refspec
+   with wildcard used to attempt to update a symbolic ref that match
+   the wildcard on the receiving end, which made little sense (the
+   real ref that is pointed at by the symbolic ref would be updated
+   anyway).  Symbolic refs no longer are affected by such a fetch.
+
+ * "git format-patch" now detects more cases in which a whole branch
+   is being exported, and uses the description for the branch, when
+   asked to write a cover letter for the series.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned "-v $count" option, and prepends a
+   string "v$count-" to the names of its output files, and also
+   automatically sets the subject prefix to "PATCH v$count". This
+   allows patches from rerolled series to be stored under different
+   names and makes it easier to reuse cover letter messages.
+
+ * "git log" and friends can be told with --use-mailmap option to
+   rewrite the names and email addresses of people using the mailmap
+   mechanism.
+
+ * "git log --cc --graph" now shows the combined diff output with the
+   ancestry graph.
+
+ * "git log --grep=<pattern>" honors i18n.logoutputencoding to look
+   for the pattern after fixing the log message to the specified
+   encoding.
+
+ * "git mergetool" and "git difftool" learned to list the available
+   tool backends in a more consistent manner.
+
+ * "git mergetool" is aware of TortoiseGitMerge now and uses it over
+   TortoiseMerge when available.
+
+ * "git push" now requires "-f" to update a tag, even if it is a
+   fast-forward, as tags are meant to be fixed points.
+
+ * Error messages from "git push" when it stops to prevent remote refs
+   from getting overwritten by mistake have been improved to explain
+   various situations separately.
+
+ * "git push" will stop without doing anything if the new "pre-push"
+   hook exists and exits with a failure.
+
+ * When "git rebase" fails to generate patches to be applied (e.g. due
+   to oom), it failed to detect the failure and instead behaved as if
+   there were nothing to do.  A workaround to use a temporary file has
+   been applied, but we probably would want to revisit this later, as
+   it hurts the common case of not failing at all.
+
+ * Input and preconditions to "git reset" has been loosened where
+   appropriate.  "git reset $fromtree Makefile" requires $fromtree to
+   be any tree (it used to require it to be a commit), for example.
+   "git reset" (without options or parameters) used to error out when
+   you do not have any commits in your history, but it now gives you
+   an empty index (to match non-existent commit you are not even on).
+
+ * "git status" says what branch is being bisected or rebased when
+   able, not just "bisecting" or "rebasing".
+
+ * "git submodule" started learning a new mode to integrate with the
+   tip of the remote branch (as opposed to integrating with the commit
+   recorded in the superproject's gitlink).
+
+ * "git upload-pack" which implements the service "ls-remote" and
+   "fetch" talk to can be told to hide ref hierarchies the server
+   side internally uses (and that clients have no business learning
+   about) with transfer.hiderefs configuration.
+
+
+Foreign Interface
+
+ * "git fast-export" has been updated for its use in the context of
+   the remote helper interface.
+
+ * A new remote helper to interact with bzr has been added to contrib/.
+
+ * "git p4" got various bugfixes around its branch handling.  It is
+   also made usable with Python 2.4/2.5.  In addition, its various
+   portability issues for Cygwin have been addressed.
+
+ * The remote helper to interact with Hg in contrib/ has seen a few
+   fixes.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * "git fsck" has been taught to be pickier about entries in tree
+   objects that should not be there, e.g. ".", ".git", and "..".
+
+ * Matching paths with common forms of pathspecs that contain wildcard
+   characters has been optimized further.
+
+ * We stopped paying attention to $GIT_CONFIG environment that points
+   at a single configuration file from any command other than "git config"
+   quite a while ago, but "git clone" internally set, exported, and
+   then unexported the variable during its operation unnecessarily.
+
+ * "git reset" internals has been reworked and should be faster in
+   general. We tried to be careful not to break any behaviour but
+   there could be corner cases, especially when running the command
+   from a conflicted state, that we may have missed.
+
+ * The implementation of "imap-send" has been updated to reuse xml
+   quoting code from http-push codepath, and lost a lot of unused
+   code.
+
+ * There is a simple-minded checker for the test scripts in t/
+   directory to catch most common mistakes (it is not enabled by
+   default).
+
+ * You can build with USE_WILDMATCH=YesPlease to use a replacement
+   implementation of pattern matching logic used for pathname-like
+   things, e.g. refnames and paths in the repository.  This new
+   implementation is not expected change the existing behaviour of Git
+   in this release, except for "git for-each-ref" where you can now
+   say "refs/**/master" and match with both refs/heads/master and
+   refs/remotes/origin/master.  We plan to use this new implementation
+   in wider places (e.g. "git ls-files '**/Makefile' may find Makefile
+   at the top-level, and "git log '**/t*.sh'" may find commits that
+   touch a shell script whose name begins with "t" at any level) in
+   future versions of Git, but we are not there yet.  By building with
+   USE_WILDMATCH, using the resulting Git daily and reporting when you
+   find breakages, you can help us get closer to that goal.
+
+ * Some reimplementations of Git do not write all the stat info back
+   to the index due to their implementation limitations (e.g. jgit).
+   A configuration option can tell Git to ignore changes to most of
+   the stat fields and only pay attention to mtime and size, which
+   these implementations can reliably update.  This can be used to
+   avoid excessive revalidation of contents.
+
+ * Some platforms ship with old version of expat where xmlparse.h
+   needs to be included instead of expat.h; the build procedure has
+   been taught about this.
+
+ * "make clean" on platforms that cannot compute header dependencies
+   on the fly did not work with implementations of "rm" that do not
+   like an empty argument list.
+
+Also contains minor documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.1
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.1 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES list that does not name the
+   real path to a directory (i.e. a symbolic link) could have caused
+   the GIT_DIR discovery logic to escape the ceiling.
+
+ * When attempting to read the XDG-style $HOME/.config/git/config and
+   finding that $HOME/.config/git is a file, we gave a wrong error
+   message, instead of treating the case as "a custom config file does
+   not exist there" and moving on.
+
+ * The behaviour visible to the end users was confusing, when they
+   attempt to kill a process spawned in the editor that was in turn
+   launched by Git with SIGINT (or SIGQUIT), as Git would catch that
+   signal and die.  We ignore these signals now.
+   (merge 0398fc34 pf/editor-ignore-sigint later to maint).
+
+ * A child process that was killed by a signal (e.g. SIGINT) was
+   reported in an inconsistent way depending on how the process was
+   spawned by us, with or without a shell in between.
+
+ * After failing to create a temporary file using mkstemp(), failing
+   pathname was not reported correctly on some platforms.
+
+ * We used to stuff "user@" and then append what we read from
+   /etc/mailname to come up with a default e-mail ident, but a bug
+   lost the "user@" part.
+
+ * The attribute mechanism didn't allow limiting attributes to be
+   applied to only a single directory itself with "path/" like the
+   exclude mechanism does.  The initial implementation of this that
+   was merged to 'maint' and 1.8.1.2 was with a severe performance
+   degradations and needs to merge a fix-up topic.
+
+ * The smart HTTP clients forgot to verify the content-type that comes
+   back from the server side to make sure that the request is being
+   handled properly.
+
+ * "git am" did not parse datestamp correctly from Hg generated patch,
+   when it is run in a locale outside C (or en).
+
+ * "git apply" misbehaved when fixing whitespace breakages by removing
+   excess trailing blank lines.
+
+ * "git apply --summary" has been taught to make sure the similarity
+   value shown in its output is sensible, even when the input had a
+   bogus value.
+
+ * A tar archive created by "git archive" recorded a directory in a
+   way that made NetBSD's implementation of "tar" sometimes unhappy.
+
+ * "git archive" did not record uncompressed size in the header when
+   streaming a zip archive, which confused some implementations of unzip.
+
+ * "git archive" did not parse configuration values in tar.* namespace
+   correctly.
+   (merge b3873c3 jk/config-parsing-cleanup later to maint).
+
+ * Attempt to "branch --edit-description" an existing branch, while
+   being on a detached HEAD, errored out.
+
+ * "git clean" showed what it was going to do, but sometimes end up
+   finding that it was not allowed to do so, which resulted in a
+   confusing output (e.g. after saying that it will remove an
+   untracked directory, it found an embedded git repository there
+   which it is not allowed to remove).  It now performs the actions
+   and then reports the outcome more faithfully.
+
+ * When "git clone --separate-git-dir=$over_there" is interrupted, it
+   failed to remove the real location of the $GIT_DIR it created.
+   This was most visible when interrupting a submodule update.
+
+ * "git cvsimport" mishandled timestamps at DST boundary.
+
+ * We used to have an arbitrary 32 limit for combined diff input,
+   resulting in incorrect number of leading colons shown when showing
+   the "--raw --cc" output.
+
+ * "git fetch --depth" was broken in at least three ways.  The
+   resulting history was deeper than specified by one commit, it was
+   unclear how to wipe the shallowness of the repository with the
+   command, and documentation was misleading.
+   (merge cfb70e1 nd/fetch-depth-is-broken later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --all -p" that walked refs/notes/textconv/ ref can later
+   try to use the textconv data incorrectly after it gets freed.
+
+ * We forgot to close the file descriptor reading from "gpg" output,
+   killing "git log --show-signature" on a long history.
+
+ * The way "git svn" asked for password using SSH_ASKPASS and
+   GIT_ASKPASS was not in line with the rest of the system.
+
+ * The --graph code fell into infinite loop when asked to do what the
+   code did not expect.
+
+ * http transport was wrong to ask for the username when the
+   authentication is done by certificate identity.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that ran in parallel to another process that
+   created new refs had a nasty race.
+
+ * Rebasing the history of superproject with change in the submodule
+   has been broken since v1.7.12.
+
+ * After "git add -N" and then writing a tree object out of the
+   index, the cache-tree data structure got corrupted.
+
+ * "git clone" used to allow --bare and --separate-git-dir=$there
+   options at the same time, which was nonsensical.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" lost empty merges in recent versions
+   of Git.
+
+ * "git merge --no-edit" computed who were involved in the work done
+   on the side branch, even though that information is to be discarded
+   without getting seen in the editor.
+
+ * "git merge" started calling prepare-commit-msg hook like "git
+   commit" does some time ago, but forgot to pay attention to the exit
+   status of the hook.
+
+ * A failure to push due to non-ff while on an unborn branch
+   dereferenced a NULL pointer when showing an error message.
+
+ * When users spell "cc:" in lowercase in the fake "header" in the
+   trailer part, "git send-email" failed to pick up the addresses from
+   there. As e-mail headers field names are case insensitive, this
+   script should follow suit and treat "cc:" and "Cc:" the same way.
+
+ * Output from "git status --ignored" showed an unexpected interaction
+   with "--untracked".
+
+ * "gitweb", when sorting by age to show repositories with new
+   activities first, used to sort repositories with absolutely
+   nothing in it early, which was not very useful.
+
+ * "gitweb"'s code to sanitize control characters before passing it to
+   "highlight" filter lost known-to-be-safe control characters by
+   mistake.
+
+ * "gitweb" pages served over HTTPS, when configured to show picon or
+   gravatar, referred to these external resources to be fetched via
+   HTTP, resulting in mixed contents warning in browsers.
+
+ * When a line to be wrapped has a solid run of non space characters
+   whose length exactly is the wrap width, "git shortlog -w" failed
+   to add a newline after such a line.
+
+ * Command line completion leaked an unnecessary error message while
+   looking for possible matches with paths in <tree-ish>.
+
+ * Command line completion for "tcsh" emitted an unwanted space
+   after completing a single directory name.
+
+ * Command line completion code was inadvertently made incompatible with
+   older versions of bash by using a newer array notation.
+
+ * "git push" was taught to refuse updating the branch that is
+   currently checked out long time ago, but the user manual was left
+   stale.
+   (merge 50995ed wk/man-deny-current-branch-is-default-these-days later to maint).
+
+ * Some shells do not behave correctly when IFS is unset; work it
+   around by explicitly setting it to the default value.
+
+ * Some scripted programs written in Python did not get updated when
+   PYTHON_PATH changed.
+   (cherry-pick 96a4647fca54031974cd6ad1 later to maint).
+
+ * When autoconf is used, any build on a different commit always ran
+   "config.status --recheck" even when unnecessary.
+
+ * A fix was added to the build procedure to work around buggy
+   versions of ccache broke the auto-generation of dependencies, which
+   unfortunately is still relevant because some people use ancient
+   distros.
+
+ * The autoconf subsystem passed --mandir down to generated
+   config.mak.autogen but forgot to do the same for --htmldir.
+   (merge 55d9bf0 ct/autoconf-htmldir later to maint).
+
+ * A change made on v1.8.1.x maintenance track had a nasty regression
+   to break the build when autoconf is used.
+   (merge 7f1b697 jn/less-reconfigure later to maint).
+
+ * We have been carrying a translated and long-unmaintained copy of an
+   old version of the tutorial; removed.
+
+ * t0050 had tests expecting failures from a bug that was fixed some
+   time ago.
+
+ * t4014, t9502 and t0200 tests had various portability issues that
+   broke on OpenBSD.
+
+ * t9020 and t3600 tests had various portability issues.
+
+ * t9200 runs "cvs init" on a directory that already exists, but a
+   platform can configure this fail for the current user (e.g. you
+   need to be in the cvsadmin group on NetBSD 6.0).
+
+ * t9020 and t9810 had a few non-portable shell script construct.
+
+ * Scripts to test bash completion was inherently flaky as it was
+   affected by whatever random things the user may have on $PATH.
+
+ * An element on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES could be a "logical" pathname
+   that uses a symbolic link to point at somewhere else (e.g. /home/me
+   that points at /net/host/export/home/me, and the latter directory
+   is automounted). Earlier when Git saw such a pathname e.g. /home/me
+   on this environment variable, the "ceiling" mechanism did not take
+   effect. With this release (the fix has also been merged to the
+   v1.8.1.x maintenance series), elements on GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES
+   are by default checked for such aliasing coming from symbolic
+   links. As this needs to actually resolve symbolic links for each
+   element on the GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES, you can disable this
+   mechanism for some elements by listing them after an empty element
+   on the GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES. e.g. Setting /home/me::/home/him to
+   GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES makes Git resolve symbolic links in
+   /home/me when checking if the current directory is under /home/me,
+   but does not do so for /home/him.
+   (merge 7ec30aa mh/maint-ceil-absolute later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc3ea185a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Git v1.8.3.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3
+------------------
+
+ * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
+   used to complain and die. The check has been loosened.
+
+ * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was
+   broken in the update to v1.8.3.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26ae142c3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Git v1.8.3.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.1
+--------------------
+
+ * Cloning with "git clone --depth N" while fetch.fsckobjects (or
+   transfer.fsckobjects) is set to true did not tell the cut-off
+   points of the shallow history to the process that validates the
+   objects and the history received, causing the validation to fail.
+
+ * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into
+   "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been
+   updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account.
+
+ * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does
+   not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork
+   from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from)
+   did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
+   checks to lose data at the remote side.
+
+ * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did
+   not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B
+   was the bottom of the range being specified.
+
+ * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when
+   another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends.
+
+ * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22"
+   incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be
+   rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead).
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an
+   editor.
+
+ * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented.
+
+ * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git
+   can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link
+   by mistake.
+
+ * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not
+   work due to slight differences in array variable notation between
+   these two shells.
+
+ * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch
+   being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the
+   plain vanilla "rebase".
+
+ * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so
+   it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push
+   out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the
+   command was started.
+
+ * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the
+   end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some
+   cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ba4f4da0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Git v1.8.3.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.2
+--------------------
+
+ * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by programs
+   other than Git, incorrectly.  This is an old breakage in v1.7.11.
+
+ * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but
+   we updated the auth material after handing it to a call.
+
+ * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the
+   index.
+
+ * Many "git submodule" operations did not work on a submodule at a
+   path whose name is not in ASCII.
+
+ * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in its error codepath.
+
+ * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like
+   "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part
+   needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes
+   around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and
+   unquoted strings).  It also mishandled names that need RFC2047
+   quoting.
+
+ * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
+   request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
+   when used as a persistent CGI.
+
+ * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.
+
+ * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
+   renamed the $path being followed.
+
+ * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch",
+   e.g. "git log @{u}", we did not say which branch and worse said
+   "branch ''" in the error messages.
+
+ * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of
+   bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces.
+
+ * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with
+   their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL.
+
+Also contains various minor documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..56f106e262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Git v1.8.3.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+This update is mostly to propagate documentation fixes and test
+updates from the master front back to the maintenance track.
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The bisect log listed incorrect commits when bisection ends with
+   only skipped ones.
+
+ * The test coverage framework was left broken for some time.
+
+ * The test suite for HTTP transport did not run with Apache 2.4.
+
+ * "git diff" used to fail when core.safecrlf is set and the working
+   tree contents had mixed CRLF/LF line endings. Committing such a
+   content must be prohibited, but "git diff" should help the user to
+   locate and fix such problems without failing.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ead568e7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+Git v1.8.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes only the current branch to the branch with the same
+name, and only when the current branch is set to integrate with that
+remote branch.  Use the user preference configuration variable
+"push.default" to change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used
+to the "matching" semantics, you can set the variable to "matching"
+to keep the traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future
+early, you can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.2
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interface
+
+ * remote-hg and remote-bzr helpers (in contrib/ since v1.8.2) have
+   been updated; especially, the latter has been done in an
+   accelerated schedule (read: we may not have merged to this release
+   if we were following the usual "cook sufficiently in next before
+   unleashing it to the world" workflow) in order to help Emacs folks,
+   whose primary SCM seems to be stagnating.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * A handful of updates applied to gitk, including an addition of
+   "revert" action, showing dates in tags in a nicer way, making
+   colors configurable, and support for -G'pickaxe' search.
+
+ * The prompt string generator (in contrib/completion/) learned to
+   show how many changes there are in total and how many have been
+   replayed during a "git rebase" session.
+
+ * "git branch --vv" learned to paint the name of the branch it
+   integrates with in a different color (color.branch.upstream,
+   which defaults to blue).
+
+ * In a sparsely populated working tree, "git checkout <pathspec>" no
+   longer unmarks paths that match the given pathspec that were
+   originally ignored with "--sparse" (use --ignore-skip-worktree-bits
+   option to resurrect these paths out of the index if you really want
+   to).
+
+ * "git log --format" specifier learned %C(auto) token that tells Git
+   to use color when interpolating %d (decoration), %h (short commit
+   object name), etc. for terminal output.
+
+ * "git bisect" leaves the final outcome as a comment in its bisect
+   log file.
+
+ * "git clone --reference" can now refer to a gitfile "textual symlink"
+   that points at the real location of the repository.
+
+ * "git count-objects" learned "--human-readable" aka "-H" option to
+   show various large numbers in Ki/Mi/GiB scaled as necessary.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick $blob" and "git cherry-pick $tree" are nonsense,
+   and a more readable error message e.g. "can't cherry-pick a tree"
+   is given (we used to say "expected exactly one commit").
+
+ * The "--annotate" option to "git send-email" can be turned on (or
+   off) by default with sendemail.annotate configuration variable (you
+   can use --no-annotate from the command line to override it).
+
+ * The "--cover-letter" option to "git format-patch" can be turned on
+   (or off) by default with format.coverLetter configuration
+   variable. By setting it to 'auto', you can turn it on only for a
+   series with two or more patches.
+
+ * The bash completion support (in contrib/) learned that cherry-pick
+   takes a few more options than it already knew about.
+
+ * "git help" learned "-g" option to show the list of guides just like
+   list of commands are given with "-a".
+
+ * A triangular "pull from one place, push to another place" workflow
+   is supported better by new remote.pushdefault (overrides the
+   "origin" thing) and branch.*.pushremote (overrides the
+   branch.*.remote) configuration variables.
+
+ * "git status" learned to report that you are in the middle of a
+   revert session, just like it does for a cherry-pick and a bisect
+   session.
+
+ * The handling by "git branch --set-upstream-to" against various forms
+   of erroneous inputs was suboptimal and has been improved.
+
+ * When the interactive access to git-shell is not enabled, it issues
+   a message meant to help the system administrator to enable it.  An
+   explicit way has been added to issue custom messages to refuse an
+   access over the network to help the end users who connect to the
+   service expecting an interactive shell.
+
+ * In addition to the case where the user edits the log message with
+   the "e)dit" option of "am -i", replace the "Applying: this patch"
+   message with the final log message contents after applymsg hook
+   munges it.
+
+ * "git status" suggests users to look into using --untracked=no option
+   when it takes too long.
+
+ * "git status" shows a bit more information during a rebase/bisect
+   session.
+
+ * "git fetch" learned to fetch a commit at the tip of an unadvertised
+   ref by specifying a raw object name from the command line when the
+   server side supports this feature.
+
+ * Output from "git log --graph" works better with submodule log
+   output now.
+
+ * "git count-objects -v" learned to report leftover temporary
+   packfiles and other garbage in the object store.
+
+ * A new read-only credential helper (in contrib/) to interact with
+   the .netrc/.authinfo files has been added.
+
+ * "git send-email" can be used with the credential helper system.
+
+ * There was no Porcelain way to say "I no longer am interested in
+   this submodule", once you express your interest in a submodule with
+   "submodule init".  "submodule deinit" is the way to do so.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" learned to pass "-v/-q" options to underlying
+   "git rebase".
+
+ * The new "--follow-tags" option tells "git push" to push relevant
+   annotated tags when pushing branches out.
+
+ * "git merge" and "git pull" can optionally be told to inspect and
+   reject when merging a commit that does not carry a trusted GPG
+   signature.
+
+ * "git mergetool" now feeds files to the "p4merge" backend in the
+   order that matches the p4 convention, where "theirs" is usually
+   shown on the left side, which is the opposite from what other backends
+   expect.
+
+ * "show/log" now honors gpg.program configuration just like other
+   parts of the code that use GnuPG.
+
+ * "git log" that shows the difference between the parent and the
+   child has been optimized somewhat.
+
+ * "git difftool" allows the user to write into the temporary files
+   being shown; if the user makes changes to the working tree at the
+   same time, it now refrains from overwriting the copy in the working
+   tree and leaves the temporary file so that changes can be merged
+   manually.
+
+ * There was no good way to ask "I have a random string that came from
+   outside world. I want to turn it into a 40-hex object name while
+   making sure such an object exists".  A new peeling suffix ^{object}
+   can be used for that purpose, together with "rev-parse --verify".
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Updates for building under msvc.
+
+ * A handful of issues in the code that traverses the working tree to find
+   untracked and/or ignored files have been fixed, and the general
+   codepath involved in "status -u" and "clean" have been cleaned up
+   and optimized.
+
+ * The stack footprint of some codepaths that access an object from a
+   pack has been shrunk.
+
+ * The logic to coalesce the same lines removed from the parents in
+   the output from "diff -c/--cc" has been updated, but with O(n^2)
+   complexity, so this might turn out to be undesirable.
+
+ * The code to enforce permission bits on files in $GIT_DIR/ for
+   shared repositories has been simplified.
+
+ * A few codepaths know how much data they need to put in the
+   hashtables they use when they start, but still began with small tables
+   and repeatedly grew and rehashed them.
+
+ * The API to walk reflog entries from the latest to older, which was
+   necessary for operations such as "git checkout -", was cumbersome
+   to use correctly and also inefficient.
+
+ * Codepaths that inspect log-message-to-be and decide when to add a
+   new Signed-off-by line in various commands have been consolidated.
+
+ * The pkt-line API, implementation and its callers have been cleaned
+   up to make them more robust.
+
+ * The Cygwin port has a faster-but-lying lstat(2) emulation whose
+   incorrectness does not matter in practice except for a few
+   codepaths, and setting permission bits on directories is a codepath
+   that needs to use a more correct one.
+
+ * "git checkout" had repeated pathspec matches on the same paths,
+   which have been consolidated.  Also a bug in "git checkout dir/"
+   that is started from an unmerged index has been fixed.
+
+ * A few bugfixes to "git rerere" working on corner case merge
+   conflicts have been applied.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.2
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.2 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * Recent versions of File::Temp (used by "git svn") started blowing
+   up when its tempfile sub is called as a class method; updated the
+   callsite to call it as a plain vanilla function to fix it.
+   (merge eafc2dd hb/git-pm-tempfile later to maint).
+
+ * Various subcommands of "git remote" simply ignored extraneous
+   command line arguments instead of diagnosing them as errors.
+
+ * When receive-pack detects an error in the pack header it received in
+   order to decide which of unpack-objects or index-pack to run, it
+   returned without closing the error stream, which led to a hung
+   sideband thread.
+
+ * Zsh completion forgot that the '%' character used to signal untracked
+   files needs to be escaped with another '%'.
+
+ * A commit object whose author or committer ident are malformed
+   crashed some code that trusted that a name, an email and a
+   timestamp can always be found in it.
+
+ * When "upload-pack" fails while generating a pack in response to
+   "git fetch" (or "git clone"), the receiving side had
+   a programming error that triggered the die handler
+   recursively.
+
+ * "rev-list --stdin" and friends kept bogus pointers into the input
+   buffer around as human readable object names.  This was not a huge
+   problem but was exposed by a new change that uses these names in
+   error output.
+
+ * Smart-capable HTTP servers were not restricted via the
+   GIT_NAMESPACE mechanism when talking with commit-walking clients,
+   like they are when talking with smart HTTP clients.
+   (merge 6130f86 jk/http-dumb-namespaces later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-tree" did not omit a merge result that is identical to
+   the "our" side in certain cases.
+   (merge aacecc3 jk/merge-tree-added-identically later to maint).
+
+ * Perl scripts like "git-svn" closed (instead of redirecting to /dev/null)
+   the standard error stream, which is not a very smart thing to do.
+   A later open may return file descriptor #2 for an unrelated purpose, and
+   error reporting code may write into it.
+
+ * "git show-branch" was not prepared to show a very long run of
+   ancestor operators e.g. foobar^2~2^2^2^2...^2~4 correctly.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-algorithm algo" is also understood as "git diff
+   --diff-algorithm=algo".
+
+ * The new core.commentchar configuration was not applied in a few
+   places.
+
+ * "git bundle" erroneously bailed out when parsing a valid bundle
+   containing a prerequisite commit without a commit message.
+
+ * "git log -S/-G" started paying attention to textconv filter, but
+   there was no way to disable this.  Make it honor the --no-textconv
+   option.
+
+ * When used with the "-d temporary-directory" option, "git filter-branch"
+   failed to come back to the original working tree to perform the
+   final clean-up procedure.
+
+ * "git merge $(git rev-parse v1.8.2)" behaved quite differently from
+   "git merge v1.8.2", as if v1.8.2 were written as v1.8.2^0 and did
+   not pay much attention to the annotated tag payload.  Make the code
+   notice the type of the tag object, in addition to the dwim_ref()
+   based classification the current code uses (i.e. the name appears
+   in refs/tags/) to decide when to special-case tag merging.
+
+ * Fix a 1.8.1.x regression that stopped matching "dir" (without a
+   trailing slash) to a directory "dir".
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" was not prepared to see a line getting
+   longer after fixing whitespaces (e.g. tab-in-indent aka Python).
+
+ * The prompt string generator (in contrib/completion/) did not notice
+   when we are in a middle of a "git revert" session.
+
+ * "submodule summary --summary-limit" option did not support the
+   "--option=value" form.
+
+ * "index-pack --fix-thin" used an uninitialized value to compute
+   the delta depths of objects it appends to the resulting pack.
+
+ * "index-pack --verify-stat" used a few counters outside the protection
+   of a mutex, possibly showing incorrect numbers.
+
+ * The code to keep track of what directory names are known to Git on
+   platforms with case insensitive filesystems could get confused upon a
+   hash collision between these pathnames and would loop forever.
+
+ * Annotated tags outside the refs/tags/ hierarchy were not advertised
+   correctly to ls-remote and fetch with recent versions of Git.
+
+ * Recent optimizations broke shallow clones.
+
+ * "git cmd -- ':(top'" was not diagnosed as an invalid syntax, and
+   instead the parser kept reading beyond the end of the string.
+
+ * "git tag -f <tag>" always said "Updated tag '<tag>'" even when
+   creating a new tag (i.e. neither overwriting nor updating).
+
+ * "git p4" did not behave well when the path to the root of the P4
+   client was not its real path.
+   (merge bbd8486 pw/p4-symlinked-root later to maint).
+
+ * "git archive" reported a failure when asked to create an archive out
+   of an empty tree.  It is more intuitive to give an empty
+   archive back in such a case.
+
+ * When "format-patch" quoted a non-ascii string in header files,
+   it incorrectly applied rfc2047 and chopped a single character in
+   the middle of the string.
+
+ * An aliased command spawned from a bare repository that does not say
+   it is bare with "core.bare = yes" was treated as non-bare by mistake.
+
+ * In "git reflog expire", the REACHABLE bit was not cleared from the
+   correct objects.
+
+ * The logic used by "git diff -M --stat" to shorten the names of
+   files before and after a rename did not work correctly when the
+   common prefix and suffix between the two filenames overlapped.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" option of "git describe", when used with
+   "--all" to allow refs that are not annotated tags to be a
+   base of description, did not restrict the output from the command
+   to those refs that match the given pattern.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation "what" gets pushed to "where" when the
+   command line to "git push" does not say these explicitly.
+
+ * The "--color=<when>" argument to the commands in the diff family
+   was described poorly.
+
+ * The arguments given to the pre-rebase hook were not documented.
+
+ * The v4 index format was not documented.
+
+ * The "--match=<pattern>" argument "git describe" takes uses glob
+   pattern but it wasn't obvious from the documentation.
+
+ * Some sources failed to compile on systems that lack NI_MAXHOST in
+   their system header (e.g. z/OS).
+
+ * Add an example use of "--env-filter" in "filter-branch"
+   documentation.
+
+ * "git bundle verify" did not say "records a complete history" for a
+   bundle that does not have any prerequisites.
+
+ * In the v1.8.0 era, we changed symbols that do not have to be global
+   to file scope static, but a few functions in graph.c were used by
+   CGit sideways, bypassing the entry points of the API the
+   in-tree users use.
+
+ * "git update-index -h" did not do the usual "-h(elp)" thing.
+
+ * "git index-pack" had a buffer-overflow while preparing an
+   informational message when the translated version of it was too
+   long.
+
+ * 'git commit -m "$msg"' used to add an extra newline even when
+   $msg already ended with one.
+
+ * The SSL peer verification done by "git imap-send" did not ask for
+   Server Name Indication (RFC 4366), failing to connect to SSL/TLS
+   sites that serve multiple hostnames on a single IP.
+
+ * perl/Git.pm::cat_blob slurped everything in core only to write it
+   out to a file descriptor, which was not a very smart thing to do.
+
+ * "git branch" did not bother to check nonsense command line
+   parameters.  It now issues errors in many cases.
+
+ * Verification of signed tags was not done correctly when not in C
+   or en/US locale.
+
+ * Some platforms and users spell UTF-8 differently; retry with the
+   most official "UTF-8" when the system does not understand the
+   user-supplied encoding name that is a common alternative
+   spelling of UTF-8.
+
+ * When export-subst is used, "zip" output recorded an incorrect
+   size of the file.
+
+ * "git am $maildir/" applied messages in an unexpected order; sort
+   filenames read from the maildir/ in a way that is more likely to
+   sort the messages in the order the writing MUA meant to, by sorting
+   numeric segments in numeric order and non-numeric segments in
+   alphabetical order.
+
+ * "git submodule update", when recursed into sub-submodules, did not
+   accumulate the prefix paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3aa25a2743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Git v1.8.4.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4
+------------------
+
+ * Some old versions of bash do not grok some constructs like
+   'printf -v varname' which the prompt and completion code started
+   to use recently.  The completion and prompt scripts have been
+   adjusted to work better with these old versions of bash.
+
+ * In FreeBSD's and NetBSD's "sh", a return in a dot script in a
+   function returns from the function, not only in the dot script,
+   breaking "git rebase" on these platforms (regression introduced
+   in 1.8.4-rc1).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" and other scripted commands were feeding a
+   random, data dependant error message to 'echo' and expecting it
+   to come out literally.
+
+ * Setting the "submodule.<name>.path" variable to the empty
+   "true" caused the configuration parser to segfault.
+
+ * Output from "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" looked strange
+   because comparison was done with the previous ancestor that
+   touched the specified <pathspec>, causing the patches for paths
+   outside the pathspec to show more than the single commit has
+   changed.
+
+ * The auto-tag-following code in "git fetch" tries to reuse the
+   same transport twice when the serving end does not cooperate and
+   does not give tags that point to commits that are asked for as
+   part of the primary transfer.  Unfortunately, Git-aware transport
+   helper interface is not designed to be used more than once, hence
+   this did not work over smart-http transfer.  Fixed.
+
+ * Send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a smaller but still
+   reasonably large chunks, which would improve the latency when the
+   operation needs to be killed and incidentally works around broken
+   64-bit systems that cannot take a 2GB write or read in one go.
+
+ * A ".mailmap" file that ends with an incomplete line, when read
+   from a blob, was not handled properly.
+
+ * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a
+   shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow
+   tags.
+
+ * When send-email comes up with an error message to die with upon
+   failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error
+   string from a wrong place.
+
+ * A call to xread() was used without a loop to cope with short
+   read in the codepath to stream large blobs to a pack.
+
+ * On platforms with fgetc() and friends defined as macros, the
+   configuration parser did not compile.
+
+ * New versions of MediaWiki introduced a new API for returning
+   more than 500 results in response to a query, which would cause
+   the MediaWiki remote helper to go into an infinite loop.
+
+ * Subversion's serf access method (the only one available in
+   Subversion 1.8) for http and https URLs in skelta mode tells its
+   caller to open multiple files at a time, which made "git svn
+   fetch" complain that "Temp file with moniker 'svn_delta' already
+   in use" instead of fetching.
+
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9adccb1efb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+Git v1.8.4.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.1
+--------------------
+
+ * "git clone" gave some progress messages to the standard output, not
+   to the standard error, and did not allow suppressing them with the
+   "--no-progress" option.
+
+ * "format-patch --from=<whom>" forgot to omit unnecessary in-body
+   from line, i.e. when <whom> is the same as the real author.
+
+ * "git shortlog" used to choke and die when there is a malformed
+   commit (e.g. missing authors); it now simply ignore such a commit
+   and keeps going.
+
+ * "git merge-recursive" did not parse its "--diff-algorithm=" command
+   line option correctly.
+
+ * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later
+   that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a
+   local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking from.
+
+ * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree
+   that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but
+   shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which
+   made it unnecessarily inefficient.
+
+ * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history
+   during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the
+   sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent.
+
+ * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side
+   computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as
+   dropped connection.  The server side has been taught to send a
+   small empty messages to keep the connection alive.
+
+ * When the webserver responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git
+   http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with
+   the "Allow" header.
+
+ * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for
+   executable files.
+
+ * The implementation of "add -i" has a crippling code to work around
+   ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git
+   for Windows where MSYS perl is used.
+
+ * We made sure that we notice the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a
+   gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a
+   gitfile.
+
+ * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and then
+   loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to
+   prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to
+   has_sha1_file().
+
+ * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical
+   "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name
+   from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the
+   preferred author name.
+
+ * The commit object names in the insn sheet that was prepared at the
+   beginning of "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the
+   rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make
+   sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names.
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery
+   and as a side effect, left merge summary message in the log, but
+   when rebasing, there should not be a need for merge summary.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character can be
+   configurable while reading its insn sheet.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03f3d17751
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+Git v1.8.4.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The interaction between use of Perl in our test suite and NO_PERL
+   has been clarified a bit.
+
+ * A fast-import stream expresses a pathname with funny characters by
+   quoting them in C style; remote-hg remote helper (in contrib/)
+   forgot to unquote such a path.
+
+ * One long-standing flaw in the pack transfer protocol used by "git
+   clone" was that there was no way to tell the other end which branch
+   "HEAD" points at, and the receiving end needed to guess.  A new
+   capability has been defined in the pack protocol to convey this
+   information so that cloning from a repository with more than one
+   branches pointing at the same commit where the HEAD is at now
+   reliably sets the initial branch in the resulting repository.
+
+ * We did not handle cases where http transport gets redirected during
+   the authorization request (e.g. from http:// to https://).
+
+ * "git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0" gave v1.0 tag itself in the
+   output, but "git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0" did not.
+
+ * The fall-back parsing of commit objects with broken author or
+   committer lines were less robust than ideal in picking up the
+   timestamps.
+
+ * Bash prompting code to deal with an SVN remote as an upstream
+   were coded in a way not supported by older Bash versions (3.x).
+
+ * "git checkout topic", when there is not yet a local "topic" branch
+   but there is a unique remote-tracking branch for a remote "topic"
+   branch, pretended as if "git checkout -t -b topic remote/$r/topic"
+   (for that unique remote $r) was run. This hack however was not
+   implemented for "git checkout topic --".
+
+ * Coloring around octopus merges in "log --graph" output was screwy.
+
+ * We did not generate HTML version of documentation to "git subtree"
+   in contrib/.
+
+ * The synopsis section of "git unpack-objects" documentation has been
+   clarified a bit.
+
+ * An ancient How-To on serving Git repositories on an HTTP server
+   lacked a warning that it has been mostly superseded with more
+   modern way.
+
+Also contains a handful of trivial code clean-ups, documentation
+updates, updates to the test suite, etc.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7bc4c5dcc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Git v1.8.4.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.3
+--------------------
+
+ * The fix in v1.8.4.3 to the pack transfer protocol to propagate
+   the target of symbolic refs broke "git clone/git fetch" from a
+   repository with too many symbolic refs. As a hotfix/workaround,
+   we transfer only the information on HEAD.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..215bd1a7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Git v1.8.4.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4.4
+--------------------
+
+ * Recent update to remote-hg that attempted to make it work better
+   with non ASCII pathnames fed Unicode strings to the underlying Hg
+   API, which was wrong.
+
+ * "git submodule init" copied "submodule.$name.update" settings from
+   .gitmodules to .git/config without making sure if the suggested
+   value was sensible.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02f681b710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+Git v1.8.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics that pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.3
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * Cygwin port has been updated for more recent Cygwin 1.7.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" now honors --strategy and -X options.
+
+ * Git-gui has been updated to its 0.18.0 version.
+
+ * MediaWiki remote helper (in contrib/) has been updated to use the
+   credential helper interface from Git.pm.
+
+ * Update build for Cygwin 1.[57].  Torsten Bögershausen reports that
+   this is fine with Cygwin 1.7 ($gmane/225824) so let's try moving it
+   ahead.
+
+ * The credential helper to talk to keychain on OS X (in contrib/) has
+   been updated to kick in not just when talking http/https but also
+   imap(s) and smtp.
+
+ * Remote transport helper has been updated to report errors and
+   maintain ref hierarchy used to keep track of its own state better.
+
+ * With "export" remote-helper protocol, (1) a push that tries to
+   update a remote ref whose name is different from the pushing side
+   does not work yet, and (2) the helper may not know how to do
+   --dry-run; these problematic cases are disabled for now.
+
+ * git-remote-hg/bzr (in contrib/) updates.
+
+ * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) hints users to check the certificate,
+   when https:// connection failed.
+
+ * git-remote-mw (in contrib/) adds a command to allow previewing the
+   contents locally before pushing it out, when working with a
+   MediaWiki remote.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Sample "post-receive-email" hook script got an enhanced replacement
+   "multimail" (in contrib/).
+
+ * Also in contrib/ is a new "contacts" script that runs "git blame"
+   to find out the people who may be interested in a set of changes.
+
+ * "git clean" command learned an interactive mode.
+
+ * The "--head" option to "git show-ref" was only to add "HEAD" to the
+   list of candidate refs to be filtered by the usual rules
+   (e.g. "--heads" that only show refs under refs/heads).  The meaning
+   of the option has been changed to always show "HEAD" regardless of
+   what filtering will be applied to any other ref.
+
+   This is a backward incompatible change and might cause breakages to
+   people's existing scripts.
+
+ * "git show -s" was less discoverable than it should have been.  It
+   now has a natural synonym "git show --no-patch".
+
+ * "git check-mailmap" is a new command that lets you map usernames
+   and e-mail addresses through the mailmap mechanism, just like many
+   built-in commands do.
+
+ * "git name-rev" learned to name an annotated tag object back to its
+   tagname; "git name-rev $(git rev-parse v1.0.0)" gives "tags/v1.0.0",
+   for example.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch-check=<format>" is added, primarily to allow
+   on-disk footprint of objects in packfiles (often they are a lot
+   smaller than their true size, when expressed as deltas) to be
+   reported.
+
+ * "git rebase [-i]" used to leave just "rebase" as its reflog messages
+   for some operations. They have been reworded to be more informative.
+
+ * In addition to the choice from "rebase, merge, or checkout-detach",
+   "submodule update" can allow a custom command to be used in to
+   update the working tree of submodules via the "submodule.*.update"
+   configuration variable.
+
+ * "git submodule update" can optionally clone the submodule
+   repositories shallowly.
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned "--from[=whom]" option, which sets the
+   "From: " header to the specified person (or the person who runs the
+   command, if "=whom" part is missing) and move the original author
+   information to an in-body From: header as necessary.
+
+ * The configuration variable "merge.ff" was cleary a tri-state to
+   choose one from "favor fast-forward when possible", "always create
+   a merge even when the history could fast-forward" and "do not
+   create any merge, only update when the history fast-forwards", but
+   the command line parser did not implement the usual convention of
+   "last one wins, and command line overrides the configuration"
+   correctly.
+
+ * "gitweb" learned to optionally place extra links that point at the
+   levels higher than the Gitweb pages themselves in the breadcrumbs,
+   so that it can be used as part of a larger installation.
+
+ * "git log --format=" now honors i18n.logoutputencoding configuration
+   variable.
+
+ * The "push.default=simple" mode of "git push" has been updated to
+   behave like "current" without requiring a remote tracking
+   information, when you push to a remote that is different from where
+   you fetch from (i.e. a triangular workflow).
+
+ * Having multiple "fixup!" on a line in the rebase instruction sheet
+   did not work very well with "git rebase -i --autosquash".
+
+ * "git log" learned the "--author-date-order" option, with which the
+   output is topologically sorted and commits in parallel histories
+   are shown intermixed together based on the author timestamp.
+
+ * Various subcommands of "git submodule" refused to run from anywhere
+   other than the top of the working tree of the superproject, but
+   they have been taught to let you run from a subdirectory.
+
+ * "git diff" learned a mode that ignores hunks whose change consists
+   only of additions and removals of blank lines, which is the same as
+   "diff -B" (ignore blank lines) of GNU diff.
+
+ * "git rm" gives a single message followed by list of paths to report
+   multiple paths that cannot be removed.
+
+ * "git rebase" can be told with ":/look for this string" syntax commits
+   to replay the changes onto and where the work to be replayed begins.
+
+ * Many tutorials teach users to set "color.ui" to "auto" as the first
+   thing after you set "user.name/email" to introduce yourselves to
+   Git.  Now the variable defaults to "auto".
+
+ * On Cygwin, "cygstart" is now recognised as a possible way to start
+   a web browser (used in "help -w" and "instaweb" among others).
+
+ * "git status" learned status.branch and status.short configuration
+   variables to use --branch and --short options by default (override
+   with --no-branch and --no-short options from the command line).
+
+ * "git cmd <name>", when <name> happens to be a 40-hex string,
+   directly uses the 40-hex string as an object name, even if a ref
+   "refs/<some hierarchy>/<name>" exists.  This disambiguation order
+   is unlikely to change, but we should warn about the ambiguity just
+   like we warn when more than one refs/ hierarchies share the same
+   name.
+
+ * "git rebase" learned "--[no-]autostash" option to save local
+   changes instead of refusing to run (to which people's normal
+   response was to stash them and re-run).  This introduced a corner
+   case breakage to "git am --abort" but it has been fixed.
+
+ * "check-ignore" (new feature since 1.8.2) has been updated to work
+   more like "check-attr" over bidi-pipes.
+
+ * "git describe" learned "--first-parent" option to limit its closest
+   tagged commit search to the first-parent chain.
+
+ * "git merge foo" that might have meant "git merge origin/foo" is
+   diagnosed with a more informative error message.
+
+ * "git log -L<line>,<range>:<filename>" has been added.  This may
+   still have leaks and rough edges, though.
+
+ * We used the approxidate() parser for "--expire=<timestamp>" options
+   of various commands, but it is better to treat --expire=all and
+   --expire=now a bit more specially than using the current timestamp.
+   "git gc" and "git reflog" have been updated with a new parsing
+   function for expiry dates.
+
+ * Updates to completion (both bash and zsh) helpers.
+
+ * The behaviour of the "--chain-reply-to" option of "git send-email"
+   have changed at 1.7.0, and we added a warning/advice message to
+   help users adjust to the new behaviour back then, but we kept it
+   around for too long.  The message has finally been removed.
+
+ * "git fetch origin master" unlike "git fetch origin" or "git fetch"
+   did not update "refs/remotes/origin/master"; this was an early
+   design decision to keep the update of remote tracking branches
+   predictable, but in practice it turns out that people find it more
+   convenient to opportunistically update them whenever we have a
+   chance, and we have been updating them when we run "git push" which
+   already breaks the original "predictability" anyway.
+
+ * The configuration variable core.checkstat was advertised in the
+   documentation but the code expected core.statinfo instead.
+   For now, we accept both core.checkstat and core.statinfo, but the
+   latter will be removed in the longer term.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * On Cygwin, we used to use our own lstat(2) emulation that is
+   allegedly faster than the platform one in codepaths where some of
+   the information it returns did not matter, but it started to bite
+   us in a few codepaths where the trick it uses to cheat does show
+   breakages. This emulation has been removed and we use the native
+   lstat(2) emulation supplied by Cygwin now.
+
+ * The function attributes extensions are used to catch mistakes in
+   use of our own variadic functions that use NULL sentinel at the end
+   (i.e. like execl(3)) and format strings (i.e. like printf(3)).
+
+ * The code to allow configuration data to be read from in-tree blob
+   objects is in.  This may help working in a bare repository and
+   submodule updates.
+
+ * Fetching between repositories with many refs employed O(n^2)
+   algorithm to match up the common objects, which has been corrected.
+
+ * The original way to specify remote repository using .git/branches/
+   used to have a nifty feature.  The code to support the feature was
+   still in a function but the caller was changed not to call it 5
+   years ago, breaking that feature and leaving the supporting code
+   unreachable.  The dead code has been removed.
+
+ * "git pack-refs" that races with new ref creation or deletion have
+   been susceptible to lossage of refs under right conditions, which
+   has been tightened up.
+
+ * We read loose and packed references in two steps, but after
+   deciding to read a loose ref but before actually opening it to read
+   it, another process racing with us can unlink it, which would cause
+   us to barf.  The codepath has been updated to retry when such a
+   race is detected, instead of outright failing.
+
+ * Uses of the platform fnmatch(3) function (many places in the code,
+   matching pathspec, .gitignore and .gitattributes to name a few)
+   have been replaced with wildmatch, allowing "foo/**/bar" that would
+   match foo/bar, foo/a/bar, foo/a/b/bar, etc.
+
+ * Memory ownership and lifetime rules for what for-each-ref feeds to
+   its callbacks have been clarified (in short, "you do not own it, so
+   make a copy if you want to keep it").
+
+ * The revision traversal logic to improve culling of irrelevant
+   parents while traversing a mergy history has been updated.
+
+ * Some leaks in unpack-trees (used in merge, cherry-pick and other
+   codepaths) have been plugged.
+
+ * The codepath to read from marks files in fast-import/export did not
+   have to accept anything but 40-hex representation of the object
+   name.  Further, fast-export did not need full in-core object
+   representation to have parsed wen reading from them.  These
+   codepaths have been optimized by taking advantage of these access
+   patterns.
+
+ * Object lookup logic, when the object hashtable starts to become
+   crowded, has been optimized.
+
+ * When TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY setting is used, it was handled somewhat
+   inconsistently between the test framework and t/Makefile, and logic
+   to summarize the results looked at a wrong place.
+
+ * "git clone" uses a lighter-weight implementation when making sure
+   that the history behind refs are complete.
+
+ * Many warnings from sparse source checker in compat/ area has been
+   squelched.
+
+ * The code to reading and updating packed-refs file has been updated,
+   correcting corner case bugs.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.3
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.3 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see release notes to them for
+details).
+
+ * Newer Net::SMTP::SSL module does not want the user programs to use
+   the default behaviour to let server certificate go without
+   verification, so by default enable the verification with a
+   mechanism to turn it off if needed.
+   (merge 35035bb rr/send-email-ssl-verify later to maint).
+
+ * When "git" is spawned in such a way that any of the low 3 file
+   descriptors is closed, our first open() may yield file descriptor 2,
+   and writing error message to it would screw things up in a big way.
+   (merge a11c396 tr/protect-low-3-fds later to maint).
+
+ * The mailmap mechanism unnecessarily downcased the e-mail addresses
+   in the output, and also ignored the human name when it is a single
+   character name.
+   (merge bd23794 jc/mailmap-case-insensitivity later to maint).
+
+ * In two places we did not check return value (expected to be a file
+   descriptor) correctly.
+   (merge a77f106 tr/fd-gotcha-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * Logic to auto-detect character encodings in the commit log message
+   did not reject overlong and invalid UTF-8 characters.
+   (merge 81050ac bc/commit-invalid-utf8 later to maint).
+
+ * Pass port number as a separate argument when "send-email" initializes
+   Net::SMTP, instead of as a part of the hostname, i.e. host:port.
+   This allows GSSAPI codepath to match with the hostname given.
+   (merge 1a741bf bc/send-email-use-port-as-separate-param later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff" refused to even show difference when core.safecrlf is
+   set to true (i.e. error out) and there are offending lines in the
+   working tree files.
+   (merge 5430bb2 jc/maint-diff-core-safecrlf later to maint).
+
+ * A test that should have failed but didn't revealed a bug that needs
+   to be corrected.
+   (merge 94d75d1 jc/t1512-fix later to maint).
+
+ * An overlong path to a .git directory may have overflown the
+   temporary path buffer used to create a name for lockfiles.
+   (merge 2fbd4f9 mh/maint-lockfile-overflow later to maint).
+
+ * Invocations of "git checkout" used internally by "git rebase" were
+   counted as "checkout", and affected later "git checkout -" to the
+   the user to an unexpected place.
+   (merge 3bed291 rr/rebase-checkout-reflog later to maint).
+
+ * The configuration variable column.ui was poorly documented.
+   (merge 5e62cc1 rr/column-doc later to maint).
+
+ * "git name-rev --refs=tags/v*" were forbidden, which was a bit
+   inconvenient (you had to give a pattern to match refs fully, like
+   --refs=refs/tags/v*).
+   (merge 98c5c4a nk/name-rev-abbreviated-refs later to maint).
+
+ * "git apply" parsed patches that add new files, generated by
+   programs other than Git, incorrectly.  This is an old breakage in
+   v1.7.11 and will need to be merged down to the maintenance tracks.
+
+ * Older cURL wanted piece of memory we call it with to be stable, but
+   we updated the auth material after handing it to a call.
+
+ * "git pull" into nothing trashed "local changes" that were in the
+   index, and this avoids it.
+
+ * Many "git submodule" operations do not work on a submodule at a
+   path whose name is not in ASCII.
+
+ * "cherry-pick" had a small leak in an error codepath.
+
+ * Logic used by git-send-email to suppress cc mishandled names like
+   "A U. Thor" <author@example.xz>, where the human readable part
+   needs to be quoted (the user input may not have the double quotes
+   around the name, and comparison was done between quoted and
+   unquoted strings).  It also mishandled names that need RFC2047
+   quoting.
+
+ * Call to discard_cache/discard_index (used when we use different
+   contents of the index in-core, in many operations like commit,
+   apply, and merge) used to leak memory that held the array of index
+   entries, which has been plugged.
+   (merge a0fc4db rs/discard-index-discard-array later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" forgot to clear a global variable $search_regexp upon each
+   request, mistakenly carrying over the previous search to a new one
+   when used as a persistent CGI.
+
+ * The wildmatch engine did not honor WM_CASEFOLD option correctly.
+
+ * "git log -c --follow $path" segfaulted upon hitting the commit that
+   renamed the $path being followed.
+
+ * When a reflog notation is used for implicit "current branch", we
+   did not say which branch and worse said "branch ''".
+
+ * "difftool --dir-diff" did not copy back changes made by the
+   end-user in the diff tool backend to the working tree in some
+   cases.
+
+ * "git push $there HEAD:branch" did not resolve HEAD early enough, so
+   it was easy to flip it around while push is still going on and push
+   out a branch that the user did not originally intended when the
+   command was started.
+
+ * The bash prompt code (in contrib/) displayed the name of the branch
+   being rebased when "rebase -i/-m/-p" modes are in use, but not the
+   plain vanilla "rebase".
+
+ * Handling of negative exclude pattern for directories "!dir" was
+   broken in the update to v1.8.3.
+
+ * zsh prompt script that borrowed from bash prompt script did not
+   work due to slight differences in array variable notation between
+   these two shells.
+
+ * An entry for "file://" scheme in the enumeration of URL types Git
+   can take in the HTML documentation was made into a clickable link
+   by mistake.
+
+ * "git push --[no-]verify" was not documented.
+
+ * Stop installing the git-remote-testpy script that is only used for
+   testing.
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -m ''" should not start an
+   editor.
+
+ * "git merge @{-1}~22" was rewritten to "git merge frotz@{1}~22"
+   incorrectly when your previous branch was "frotz" (it should be
+   rewritten to "git merge frotz~22" instead).
+
+ * "git diff -c -p" was not showing a deleted line from a hunk when
+   another hunk immediately begins where the earlier one ends.
+
+ * "git log --ancestry-path A...B" did not work as expected, as it did
+   not pay attention to the fact that the merge base between A and B
+   was the bottom of the range being specified.
+
+ * Mac OS X does not like to write(2) more than INT_MAX number of
+   bytes; work it around by chopping write(2) into smaller pieces.
+
+ * Newer MacOS X encourages the programs to compile and link with
+   their CommonCrypto, not with OpenSSL.
+
+ * "git clone foo/bar:baz" cannot be a request to clone from a remote
+   over git-over-ssh specified in the scp style.  This case is now
+   detected and clones from a local repository at "foo/bar:baz".
+
+ * When $HOME is misconfigured to point at an unreadable directory, we
+   used to complain and die. Loosen the check.
+
+ * "git subtree" (in contrib/) had one codepath with loose error
+   checks to lose data at the remote side.
+
+ * "git fetch" into a shallow repository from a repository that does
+   not know about the shallow boundary commits (e.g. a different fork
+   from the repository the current shallow repository was cloned from)
+   did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git checkout foo" DWIMs the intended "upstream" and turns it into
+   "git checkout -t -b foo remotes/origin/foo". This codepath has been
+   updated to correctly take existing remote definitions into account.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7236aaf232
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Git v1.8.5.1 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5
+------------------
+
+ * "git submodule init" copied "submodule.$name.update" settings from
+   .gitmodules to .git/config without making sure if the suggested
+   value was sensible.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ac4984f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Git v1.8.5.2 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.1
+--------------------
+
+ * "git diff -- ':(icase)makefile'" was unnecessarily rejected at the
+   command line parser.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch-check=ok" did not check the existence of
+   the named object.
+
+ * "git am --abort" sometimes complained about not being able to write
+   a tree with an 0{40} object in it.
+
+ * Two processes creating loose objects at the same time could have
+   failed unnecessarily when the name of their new objects started
+   with the same byte value, due to a race condition.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3de2dd0f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Git v1.8.5.3 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.2
+--------------------
+
+ * The "--[no-]informative-errors" options to "git daemon" were parsed
+   a bit too loosely, allowing any other string after these option
+   names.
+
+ * A "gc" process running as a different user should be able to stop a
+   new "gc" process from starting.
+
+ * An earlier "clean-up" introduced an unnecessary memory leak to the
+   credential subsystem.
+
+ * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error
+   out, but it didn't.
+
+ * "git rev-parse <revs> -- <paths>" did not implement the usual
+   disambiguation rules the commands in the "git log" family used in
+   the same way.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch=", an admittedly useless command, did not
+   behave very well.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d18c40389e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+Git v1.8.5.4 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.3
+--------------------
+
+ * "git fetch --depth=0" was a no-op, and was silently ignored.
+   Diagnose it as an error.
+
+ * Remote repository URL expressed in scp-style host:path notation are
+   parsed more carefully (e.g. "foo/bar:baz" is local, "[::1]:/~user" asks
+   to connect to user's home directory on host at address ::1.
+
+ * SSL-related options were not passed correctly to underlying socket
+   layer in "git send-email".
+
+ * "git commit -v" appends the patch to the log message before
+   editing, and then removes the patch when the editor returned
+   control. However, the patch was not stripped correctly when the
+   first modified path was a submodule.
+
+ * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error
+   out, but it didn't.
+
+ * When we figure out how many file descriptors to allocate for
+   keeping packfiles open, a system with non-working getrlimit() could
+   cause us to die(), but because we make this call only to get a
+   rough estimate of how many is available and we do not even attempt
+   to use up all file descriptors available ourselves, it is nicer to
+   fall back to a reasonable low value rather than dying.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" did not handle a tag pointed by another tag
+   nicely.
+
+ * "git add -A" (no other arguments) in a totally empty working tree
+   used to emit an error.
+
+ * There is no reason to have a hardcoded upper limit of the number of
+   parents for an octopus merge, created via the graft mechanism, but
+   there was.
+
+ * The implementation of 'git stash $cmd "stash@{...}"' did not quote
+   the stash argument properly and left it split at IFS whitespace.
+
+ * The documentation to "git pull" hinted there is an "-m" option
+   because it incorrectly shared the documentation with "git merge".
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9191ce948f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+Git v1.8.5.5 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.4
+--------------------
+
+ * The pathspec matching code, while comparing two trees (e.g. "git
+   diff A B -- path1 path2") was too aggressive and failed to match
+   some paths when multiple pathspecs were involved.
+
+ * "git repack --max-pack-size=8g" stopped being parsed correctly when
+   the command was reimplemented in C.
+
+ * A recent update to "git send-email" broke platforms where
+   /etc/ssl/certs/ directory exists but cannot be used as SSL_ca_path
+   (e.g. Fedora rawhide).
+
+ * A handful of bugs around interpreting $branch@{upstream} notation
+   and its lookalike, when $branch part has interesting characters,
+   e.g. "@", and ":", have been fixed.
+
+ * "git clone" would fail to clone from a repository that has a ref
+   directly under "refs/", e.g. "refs/stash", because different
+   validation paths do different things on such a refname.  Loosen the
+   client side's validation to allow such a ref.
+
+ * "git log --left-right A...B" lost the "leftness" of commits
+   reachable from A when A is a tag as a side effect of a recent
+   bugfix.  This is a regression in 1.8.4.x series.
+
+ * "git merge-base --octopus" used to leave cleaning up suboptimal
+   result to the caller, but now it does the clean-up itself.
+
+ * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error
+   out, but it didn't.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92ff92b1e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v1.8.5.6 Release Notes
+==========================
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5.5
+--------------------
+
+ * We used to allow committing a path ".Git/config" with Git that is
+   running on a case sensitive filesystem, but an attempt to check out
+   such a path with Git that runs on a case insensitive filesystem
+   would have clobbered ".git/config", which is definitely not what
+   the user would have expected.  Git now prevents you from tracking
+   a path with ".Git" (in any case combination) as a path component.
+
+ * On Windows, certain path components that are different from ".git"
+   are mapped to ".git", e.g. "git~1/config" is treated as if it were
+   ".git/config".  HFS+ has a similar issue, where certain unicode
+   codepoints are ignored, e.g. ".g\u200cit/config" is treated as if
+   it were ".git/config".  Pathnames with these potential issues are
+   rejected on the affected systems.  Git on systems that are not
+   affected by this issue (e.g. Linux) can also be configured to
+   reject them to ensure cross platform interoperability of the hosted
+   projects.
+
+ * "git fsck" notices a tree object that records such a path that can
+   be confused with ".git", and with receive.fsckObjects configuration
+   set to true, an attempt to "git push" such a tree object will be
+   rejected.  Such a path may not be a problem on a well behaving
+   filesystem but in order to protect those on HFS+ and on case
+   insensitive filesystems, this check is enabled on all platforms.
+
+A big "thanks!" for bringing this issue to us goes to our friends in
+the Mercurial land, namely, Matt Mackall and Augie Fackler.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..602df0cac2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.8.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+Git v1.8.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0)
+------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics, which pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+The default prefix for "git svn" will change in Git 2.0.  For a long
+time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under
+refs/remotes, but it will place them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless
+it is told otherwise with its --prefix option.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.4
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * "git-svn" has been taught to use the serf library, which is the
+   only option SVN 1.8.0 offers us when talking the HTTP protocol.
+
+ * "git-svn" talking over an https:// connection using the serf library
+   dumped core due to a bug in the serf library that SVN uses.  Work
+   around it on our side, even though the SVN side is being fixed.
+
+ * On MacOS X, we detected if the filesystem needs the "pre-composed
+   unicode strings" workaround, but did not automatically enable it.
+   Now we do.
+
+ * remote-hg remote helper misbehaved when interacting with a local Hg
+   repository relative to the home directory, e.g. "clone hg::~/there".
+
+ * imap-send ported to OS X uses Apple's security framework instead of
+   OpenSSL's.
+
+ * "git fast-import" treats an empty path given to "ls" as the root of
+   the tree.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * xdg-open can be used as a browser backend for "git web-browse"
+   (hence to show "git help -w" output), when available.
+
+ * "git grep" and "git show" pay attention to the "--textconv" option
+   when these commands are told to operate on blob objects (e.g. "git
+   grep -e pattern --textconv HEAD:Makefile").
+
+ * "git replace" helper no longer allows an object to be replaced with
+   another object of a different type to avoid confusion (you can
+   still manually craft such a replacement using "git update-ref", as an
+   escape hatch).
+
+ * "git status" no longer prints the dirty status information of
+   submodules for which submodule.$name.ignore is set to "all".
+
+ * "git rebase -i" honours core.abbrev when preparing the insn sheet
+   for editing.
+
+ * "git status" during a cherry-pick shows which original commit is
+   being picked.
+
+ * Instead of typing four capital letters "HEAD", you can say "@" now,
+   e.g. "git log @".
+
+ * "git check-ignore" follows the same rule as "git add" and "git
+   status" in that the ignore/exclude mechanism does not take effect
+   on paths that are already tracked.  With the "--no-index" option, it
+   can be used to diagnose which paths that should have been ignored
+   have been mistakenly added to the index.
+
+ * Some irrelevant "advice" messages that are shared with "git status"
+   output have been removed from the commit log template.
+
+ * "update-refs" learned a "--stdin" option to read multiple update
+   requests and perform them in an all-or-none fashion.
+
+ * Just like "make -C <directory>", "git -C <directory> ..." tells Git
+   to go there before doing anything else.
+
+ * Just like "git checkout -" knows to check out, and "git merge -"
+   knows to merge, the branch you were previously on, "git cherry-pick"
+   now understands "git cherry-pick -" to pick from the previous
+   branch.
+
+ * "git status" now omits the prefix to make its output a comment in a
+   commit log editor, which is not necessary for human consumption.
+   Scripts that parse the output of "git status" are advised to use
+   "git status --porcelain" instead, as its format is stable and easier
+   to parse.
+
+ * The ref syntax "foo^{tag}" (with the literal string "{tag}") peels a
+   tag ref to itself, i.e. it's a no-op., and fails if
+   "foo" is not a tag.  "git rev-parse --verify v1.0^{tag}" is
+   a more convenient way than "test $(git cat-file -t v1.0) = tag" to
+   check if v1.0 is a tag.
+
+ * "git branch -v -v" (and "git status") did not distinguish among a
+   branch that is not based on any other branch, a branch that is in
+   sync with its upstream branch, and a branch that is configured with an
+   upstream branch that no longer exists.
+
+ * Earlier we started rejecting any attempt to add the 0{40} object name to
+   the index and to tree objects, but it sometimes is necessary to
+   allow this to be able to use tools like filter-branch to correct such
+   broken tree objects.  "filter-branch" can again be used to do this.
+
+ * "git config" did not provide a way to set or access numbers larger
+   than a native "int" on the platform; it now provides 64-bit signed
+   integers on all platforms.
+
+ * "git pull --rebase" always chose to do the bog-standard flattening
+   rebase.  You can tell it to run "rebase --preserve-merges" with
+   "git pull --rebase=preserve" or by
+   setting "pull.rebase" configuration to "preserve".
+
+ * "git push --no-thin" actually disables the "thin pack transfer"
+   optimization.
+
+ * Magic pathspecs like ":(icase)makefile" (matches both Makefile
+   and makefile) and ":(glob)foo/**/bar" (matches "bar" in "foo"
+   and any subdirectory of "foo") can be used in more places.
+
+ * The "http.*" variables can now be specified for individual URLs.
+   For example,
+
+   [http]
+       sslVerify = true
+   [http "https://weak.example.com/"]
+       sslVerify = false
+
+   would flip http.sslVerify off only when talking to that specific
+   site.
+
+ * "git mv A B" when moving a submodule has been taught to
+   relocate the submodule's working tree and to adjust the paths in the
+   .gitmodules file.
+
+ * "git blame" can now take more than one -L option to discover the
+   origin of multiple blocks of lines.
+
+ * The http transport clients can optionally ask to save cookies
+   with the http.savecookies configuration variable.
+
+ * "git push" learned a more fine grained control over a blunt
+   "--force" when requesting a non-fast-forward update with the
+   "--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expected object name>" option.
+
+ * "git diff --diff-filter=<classes of changes>" can now take
+   lowercase letters (e.g. "--diff-filter=d") to mean "show
+   everything but these classes".  "git diff-files -q" is now a
+   deprecated synonym for "git diff-files --diff-filter=d".
+
+ * "git fetch" (hence "git pull" as well) learned to check
+   "fetch.prune" and "remote.*.prune" configuration variables and
+   to behave as if the "--prune" command line option was given.
+
+ * "git check-ignore -z" applied the NUL termination to both its input
+   (with --stdin) and its output, but "git check-attr -z" ignored the
+   option on the output side. Make both honor -z on the input and
+   output side the same way.
+
+ * "git whatchanged" may still be used by old timers, but mention of
+   it in documents meant for new users will only waste readers' time
+   wondering what the difference is between it and "git log".  Make it
+   less prominent in the general part of the documentation and explain
+   that it is merely a "git log" with different default behaviour in
+   its own document.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" when asking for merely the object name does not
+   have to parse the object pointed at by the refs; the codepath has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * The HTTP transport will try to use TCP keepalive when able.
+
+ * "git repack" is now written in C.
+
+ * Build procedure for MSVC has been updated.
+
+ * If a build-time fallback is set to "cat" instead of "less", we
+   should apply the same "no subprocess or pipe" optimization as we
+   apply to user-supplied GIT_PAGER=cat.
+
+ * Many commands use a --dashed-option as an operation mode selector
+   (e.g. "git tag --delete") that excludes other operation modes
+   (e.g. "git tag --delete --verify" is nonsense) and that cannot be
+   negated (e.g. "git tag --no-delete" is nonsense).  The parse-options
+   API learned a new OPT_CMDMODE macro to make it easier to implement
+   such a set of options.
+
+ * OPT_BOOLEAN() in the parse-options API was misdesigned to be "counting
+   up" but many subcommands expect it to behave as "on/off". Update
+   them to use OPT_BOOL() which is a proper boolean.
+
+ * "git gc" exits early without doing any work when it detects
+   that another instance of itself is already running.
+
+ * Under memory pressure and/or file descriptor pressure, we used to
+   close pack windows that are not used and also closed filehandles to
+   open but unused packfiles. These are now controlled separately
+   to better cope with the load.
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.4
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.4 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' notes for
+details).
+
+ * An ancient How-To on serving Git repositories on an HTTP server
+   lacked a warning that it has been mostly superseded with a more
+   modern way.
+   (merge 6d52bc3 sc/doc-howto-dumb-http later to maint).
+
+ * The interaction between the use of Perl in our test suite and NO_PERL
+   has been clarified a bit.
+   (merge f8fc0ee jn/test-prereq-perl-doc later to maint).
+
+ * The synopsis section of the "git unpack-objects" documentation has been
+   clarified a bit.
+   (merge 61e2e22 vd/doc-unpack-objects later to maint).
+
+ * We did not generate the HTML version of the documentation to "git subtree"
+   in contrib/.
+   (merge 95c62fb jk/subtree-install-fix later to maint).
+
+ * A fast-import stream expresses a pathname with funny characters by
+   quoting them in C style; the remote-hg remote helper forgot to unquote
+   such a path.
+   (merge 1136265 ap/remote-hg-unquote-cquote later to maint).
+
+ * "git reset -p HEAD" has a codepath to special-case it to behave
+   differently from resetting to contents of other commits, but a
+   recent change broke it.
+
+ * Coloring around octopus merges in "log --graph" output was screwy.
+   (merge 339c17b hn/log-graph-color-octopus later to maint).
+
+ * "git checkout topic", when there is not yet a local "topic" branch
+   but there is a unique remote-tracking branch for a remote "topic"
+   branch, pretended as if "git checkout -t -b topic remote/$r/topic"
+   (for that unique remote $r) was run. This hack however was not
+   implemented for "git checkout topic --".
+   (merge bca3969 mm/checkout-auto-track-fix later to maint).
+
+ * One long-standing flaw in the pack transfer protocol used by "git
+   clone" was that there was no way to tell the other end which branch
+   "HEAD" points at, and the receiving end needed to guess.  A new
+   capability has been defined in the pack protocol to convey this
+   information so that cloning from a repository with more than one
+   branch pointing at the same commit where the HEAD is at now
+   reliably sets the initial branch in the resulting repository.
+   (merge 360a326 jc/upload-pack-send-symref later to maint).
+
+ * We did not handle cases where the http transport gets redirected during
+   the authorization request (e.g. from http:// to https://).
+   (merge 70900ed jk/http-auth-redirects later to maint).
+
+ * Bash prompting code to deal with an SVN remote as an upstream
+   was coded in a way unsupported by older Bash versions (3.x).
+   (merge 52ec889 sg/prompt-svn-remote-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The fall-back parsing of commit objects with broken author or
+   committer lines was less robust than ideal in picking up the
+   timestamps.
+   (merge 03818a4 jk/split-broken-ident later to maint).
+
+ * "git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0" gave the v1.0 tag itself in the
+   output, but "git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0" did not.
+   (merge 895c5ba jc/revision-range-unpeel later to maint).
+
+ * "git clone" wrote some progress messages to standard output, not
+   to standard error, and did not suppress them with the
+   --no-progress option.
+   (merge 643f918 jk/clone-progress-to-stderr later to maint).
+
+ * "format-patch --from=<whom>" forgot to omit an unnecessary in-body
+   from line, i.e. when <whom> is the same as the real author.
+   (merge 662cc30 jk/format-patch-from later to maint).
+
+ * "git shortlog" used to choke and die when there is a malformed
+   commit (e.g. missing authors); it now simply ignores such a commit
+   and keeps going.
+   (merge cd4f09e jk/shortlog-tolerate-broken-commit later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-recursive" did not parse its "--diff-algorithm=" command
+   line option correctly.
+   (merge 6562928 jk/diff-algo later to maint).
+
+ * When running "fetch -q", a long silence while the sender side
+   computes the set of objects to send can be mistaken by proxies as
+   dropped connection.  The server side has been taught to send a
+   small empty messages to keep the connection alive.
+   (merge 115dedd jk/upload-pack-keepalive later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase" had a portability regression in v1.8.4 that triggered a
+   bug in some BSD shell implementations.
+   (merge 99855dd mm/rebase-continue-freebsd-WB later to maint).
+
+ * "git branch --track" had a minor regression in v1.8.3.2 and later
+   that made it impossible to base your local work on anything but a
+   local branch of the upstream repository you are tracking.
+   (merge b0f49ff jh/checkout-auto-tracking later to maint).
+
+ * When the web server responds with "405 Method Not Allowed", "git
+   http-backend" should tell the client what methods are allowed with
+   the "Allow" header.
+   (merge 9247be0 bc/http-backend-allow-405 later to maint).
+
+ * When there is no sufficient overlap between old and new history
+   during a "git fetch" into a shallow repository, objects that the
+   sending side knows the receiving end has were unnecessarily sent.
+   (merge f21d2a7 nd/fetch-into-shallow later to maint).
+
+ * "git cvsserver" computed the permission mode bits incorrectly for
+   executable files.
+   (merge 1b48d56 jc/cvsserver-perm-bit-fix later to maint).
+
+ * When send-email obtains an error message to die with upon
+   failure to start an SSL session, it tried to read the error string
+   from a wrong place.
+   (merge 6cb0c88 bc/send-email-ssl-die-message-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The implementation of "add -i" has some crippling code to work around an
+   ActiveState Perl limitation but it by mistake also triggered on Git
+   for Windows where MSYS perl is used.
+   (merge df17e77 js/add-i-mingw later to maint).
+
+ * We made sure that we notice when the user-supplied GIT_DIR is actually a
+   gitfile, but did not do the same when the default ".git" is a
+   gitfile.
+   (merge 487a2b7 nd/git-dir-pointing-at-gitfile later to maint).
+
+ * When an object is not found after checking the packfiles and the
+   loose object directory, read_sha1_file() re-checks the packfiles to
+   prevent racing with a concurrent repacker; teach the same logic to
+   has_sha1_file().
+   (merge 45e8a74 jk/has-sha1-file-retry-packed later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit --author=$name", when $name is not in the canonical
+   "A. U. Thor <au.thor@example.xz>" format, looks for a matching name
+   from existing history, but did not consult mailmap to grab the
+   preferred author name.
+   (merge ea16794 ap/commit-author-mailmap later to maint).
+
+ * "git ls-files -k" needs to crawl only the part of the working tree
+   that may overlap the paths in the index to find killed files, but
+   shared code with the logic to find all the untracked files, which
+   made it unnecessarily inefficient.
+   (merge 680be04 jc/ls-files-killed-optim later to maint).
+
+ * The shortened commit object names in the insn sheet that is prepared at the
+   beginning of a "rebase -i" session can become ambiguous as the
+   rebasing progresses and the repository gains more commits. Make
+   sure the internal record is kept with full 40-hex object names.
+   (merge 75c6976 es/rebase-i-no-abbrev later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --preserve-merges" internally used the merge machinery
+   and as a side effect left the merge summary message in the log, but
+   when rebasing there is no need for the merge summary.
+   (merge a9f739c rt/rebase-p-no-merge-summary later to maint).
+
+ * A call to xread() was used without a loop around it to cope with short
+   reads in the codepath to stream new contents to a pack.
+   (merge e92527c js/xread-in-full later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" forgot that the comment character is
+   configurable while reading its insn sheet.
+   (merge 7bca7af es/rebase-i-respect-core-commentchar later to maint).
+
+ * The mailmap support code read past the allocated buffer when the
+   mailmap file ended with an incomplete line.
+   (merge f972a16 jk/mailmap-incomplete-line later to maint).
+
+ * We used to send a large request to read(2)/write(2) as a single
+   system call, which was bad from the latency point of view when
+   the operation needs to be killed, and also triggered an error on
+   broken 64-bit systems that refuse to read or write more than 2GB
+   in one go.
+   (merge a487916 sp/clip-read-write-to-8mb later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" that auto-followed tags incorrectly reused the
+   connection with Git-aware transport helper (like the sample "ext::"
+   helper shipped with Git).
+   (merge 0f73f8b jc/transport-do-not-use-connect-twice-in-fetch later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --full-diff -- <pathspec>" showed a huge diff for paths
+   outside the given <pathspec> for each commit, instead of showing
+   the change relative to the parent of the commit.  "git reflog -p"
+   had a similar problem.
+   (merge 838f9a1 tr/log-full-diff-keep-true-parents later to maint).
+
+ * Setting a submodule.*.path configuration variable to true (without
+   giving "= value") caused Git to segfault.
+   (merge 4b05440 jl/some-submodule-config-are-not-boolean later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" (there could be others, as the root cause is pretty
+   generic) fed a random, data dependent string to 'echo' and
+   expected it to come out literally, corrupting its error message.
+   (merge 89b0230 mm/no-shell-escape-in-die-message later to maint).
+
+ * Some people still use rather old versions of bash, which cannot
+   grok some constructs like 'printf -v varname' which the prompt and
+   completion code started to use recently.
+   (merge a44aa69 bc/completion-for-bash-3.0 later to maint).
+
+ * Code to read configuration from a blob object did not compile on
+   platforms with fgetc() etc. implemented as macros.
+   (merge 49d6cfa hv/config-from-blob later to maint-1.8.3).
+
+ * The recent "short-cut clone connectivity check" topic broke a
+   shallow repository when a fetch operation tries to auto-follow tags.
+   (merge 6da8bdc nd/fetch-pack-shallow-fix later to maint-1.8.3).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..752d79127a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+Git v1.9.0 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+"git submodule foreach $cmd $args" used to treat "$cmd $args" the same
+way "ssh" did, concatenating them into a single string and letting the
+shell unquote. Careless users who forget to sufficiently quote $args
+get their argument split at $IFS whitespaces by the shell, and got
+unexpected results due to this. Starting from this release, the
+command line is passed directly to the shell, if it has an argument.
+
+Read-only support for experimental loose-object format, in which users
+could optionally choose to write their loose objects for a short
+while between v1.4.3 and v1.5.3 era, has been dropped.
+
+The meanings of the "--tags" option to "git fetch" has changed; the
+command fetches tags _in addition to_ what is fetched by the same
+command line without the option.
+
+The way "git push $there $what" interprets the $what part given on the
+command line, when it does not have a colon that explicitly tells us
+what ref at the $there repository is to be updated, has been enhanced.
+
+A handful of ancient commands that have long been deprecated are
+finally gone (repo-config, tar-tree, lost-found, and peek-remote).
+
+
+Backward compatibility notes (for Git 2.0.0)
+--------------------------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default will change to the "simple"
+semantics, which pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+Use the user preference configuration variable "push.default" to
+change this.  If you are an old-timer who is used to the "matching"
+semantics, you can set the variable to "matching" to keep the
+traditional behaviour.  If you want to live in the future early, you
+can set it to "simple" today without waiting for Git 2.0.
+
+When "git add -u" (and "git add -A") is run inside a subdirectory and
+does not specify which paths to add on the command line, it
+will operate on the entire tree in Git 2.0 for consistency
+with "git commit -a" and other commands.  There will be no
+mechanism to make plain "git add -u" behave like "git add -u .".
+Current users of "git add -u" (without a pathspec) should start
+training their fingers to explicitly say "git add -u ."
+before Git 2.0 comes.  A warning is issued when these commands are
+run without a pathspec and when you have local changes outside the
+current directory, because the behaviour in Git 2.0 will be different
+from today's version in such a situation.
+
+In Git 2.0, "git add <path>" will behave as "git add -A <path>", so
+that "git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory
+and record the removal.  Versions before Git 2.0, including this
+release, will keep ignoring removals, but the users who rely on this
+behaviour are encouraged to start using "git add --ignore-removal <path>"
+now before 2.0 is released.
+
+The default prefix for "git svn" will change in Git 2.0.  For a long
+time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under
+refs/remotes, but it will place them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless
+it is told otherwise with its --prefix option.
+
+
+Updates since v1.8.5
+--------------------
+
+Foreign interfaces, subsystems and ports.
+
+ * The HTTP transport, when talking GSS-Negotiate, uses "100
+   Continue" response to avoid having to rewind and resend a large
+   payload, which may not be always doable.
+
+ * Various bugfixes to remote-bzr and remote-hg (in contrib/).
+
+ * The build procedure is aware of MirBSD now.
+
+ * Various "git p4", "git svn" and "gitk" updates.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Fetching from a shallowly-cloned repository used to be forbidden,
+   primarily because the codepaths involved were not carefully vetted
+   and we did not bother supporting such usage. This release attempts
+   to allow object transfer out of a shallowly-cloned repository in a
+   more controlled way (i.e. the receiver becomes a shallow repository
+   with a truncated history).
+
+ * Just like we give a reasonable default for "less" via the LESS
+   environment variable, we now specify a reasonable default for "lv"
+   via the "LV" environment variable when spawning the pager.
+
+ * Two-level configuration variable names in "branch.*" and "remote.*"
+   hierarchies, whose variables are predominantly three-level, were
+   not completed by hitting a <TAB> in bash and zsh completions.
+
+ * Fetching a 'frotz' branch with "git fetch", while a 'frotz/nitfol'
+   remote-tracking branch from an earlier fetch was still there, would
+   error out, primarily because the command was not told that it is
+   allowed to lose any information on our side.  "git fetch --prune"
+   now can be used to remove 'frotz/nitfol' to make room for fetching and
+   storing the 'frotz' remote-tracking branch.
+
+ * "diff.orderfile=<file>" configuration variable can be used to
+   pretend as if the "-O<file>" option were given from the command
+   line of "git diff", etc.
+
+ * The negative pathspec syntax allows "git log -- . ':!dir'" to tell
+   us "I am interested in everything but 'dir' directory".
+
+ * "git difftool" shows how many different paths there are in total,
+   and how many of them have been shown so far, to indicate progress.
+
+ * "git push origin master" used to push our 'master' branch to update
+   the 'master' branch at the 'origin' repository.  This has been
+   enhanced to use the same ref mapping "git push origin" would use to
+   determine what ref at the 'origin' to be updated with our 'master'.
+   For example, with this configuration
+
+   [remote "origin"]
+      push = refs/heads/*:refs/review/*
+
+   that would cause "git push origin" to push out our local branches
+   to corresponding refs under refs/review/ hierarchy at 'origin',
+   "git push origin master" would update 'refs/review/master' over
+   there.  Alternatively, if push.default is set to 'upstream' and our
+   'master' is set to integrate with 'topic' from the 'origin' branch,
+   running "git push origin" while on our 'master' would update their
+   'topic' branch, and running "git push origin master" while on any
+   of our branches does the same.
+
+ * "gitweb" learned to treat ref hierarchies other than refs/heads as
+   if they are additional branch namespaces (e.g. refs/changes/ in
+   Gerrit).
+
+ * "git for-each-ref --format=..." learned a few formatting directives;
+   e.g. "%(color:red)%(HEAD)%(color:reset) %(refname:short) %(subject)".
+
+ * The command string given to "git submodule foreach" is passed
+   directly to the shell, without being eval'ed.  This is a backward
+   incompatible change that may break existing users.
+
+ * "git log" and friends learned the "--exclude=<glob>" option, to
+   allow people to say "list history of all branches except those that
+   match this pattern" with "git log --exclude='*/*' --branches".
+
+ * "git rev-parse --parseopt" learned a new "--stuck-long" option to
+   help scripts parse options with an optional parameter.
+
+ * The "--tags" option to "git fetch" no longer tells the command to
+   fetch _only_ the tags. It instead fetches tags _in addition to_
+   what are fetched by the same command line without the option.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * When parsing a 40-hex string into the object name, the string is
+   checked to see if it can be interpreted as a ref so that a warning
+   can be given for ambiguity. The code kicked in even when the
+   core.warnambiguousrefs is set to false to squelch this warning, in
+   which case the cycles spent to look at the ref namespace were an
+   expensive no-op, as the result was discarded without being used.
+
+ * The naming convention of the packfiles has been updated; it used to
+   be based on the enumeration of names of the objects that are
+   contained in the pack, but now it also depends on how the packed
+   result is represented---packing the same set of objects using
+   different settings (or delta order) would produce a pack with
+   different name.
+
+ * "git diff --no-index" mode used to unnecessarily attempt to read
+   the index when there is one.
+
+ * The deprecated parse-options macro OPT_BOOLEAN has been removed;
+   use OPT_BOOL or OPT_COUNTUP in new code.
+
+ * A few duplicate implementations of prefix/suffix string comparison
+   functions have been unified to starts_with() and ends_with().
+
+ * The new PERLLIB_EXTRA makefile variable can be used to specify
+   additional directories Perl modules (e.g. the ones necessary to run
+   git-svn) are installed on the platform when building.
+
+ * "git merge-base" learned the "--fork-point" mode, that implements
+   the same logic used in "git pull --rebase" to find a suitable fork
+   point out of the reflog entries for the remote-tracking branch the
+   work has been based on.  "git rebase" has the same logic that can be
+   triggered with the "--fork-point" option.
+
+ * A third-party "receive-pack" (the responder to "git push") can
+   advertise the "no-thin" capability to tell "git push" not to use
+   the thin-pack optimization. Our receive-pack has always been
+   capable of accepting and fattening a thin-pack, and will continue
+   not to ask "git push" to use a non-thin pack.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.8.5
+------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.8.5 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases' notes
+for details).
+
+ * The pathspec matching code, while comparing two trees (e.g. "git
+   diff A B -- path1 path2") was too aggressive and failed to match
+   some paths when multiple pathspecs were involved.
+
+ * "git repack --max-pack-size=8g" stopped being parsed correctly when
+   the command was reimplemented in C.
+
+ * An earlier update in v1.8.4.x to "git rev-list --objects" with
+   negative ref had a performance regression.
+   (merge 200abe7 jk/mark-edges-uninteresting later to maint).
+
+ * A recent update to "git send-email" broke platforms where
+   /etc/ssl/certs/ directory exists but cannot be used as SSL_ca_path
+   (e.g. Fedora rawhide).
+
+ * A handful of bugs around interpreting $branch@{upstream} notation
+   and its lookalike, when $branch part has interesting characters,
+   e.g. "@", and ":", have been fixed.
+
+ * "git clone" would fail to clone from a repository that has a ref
+   directly under "refs/", e.g. "refs/stash", because different
+   validation paths do different things on such a refname.  Loosen the
+   client side's validation to allow such a ref.
+
+ * "git log --left-right A...B" lost the "leftness" of commits
+   reachable from A when A is a tag as a side effect of a recent
+   bugfix.  This is a regression in 1.8.4.x series.
+
+ * documentations to "git pull" hinted there is an "-m" option because
+   it incorrectly shared the documentation with "git merge".
+
+ * "git diff A B submod" and "git diff A B submod/" ought to have done
+   the same for a submodule "submod", but didn't.
+
+ * "git clone $origin foo\bar\baz" on Windows failed to create the
+   leading directories (i.e. a moral-equivalent of "mkdir -p").
+
+ * "submodule.*.update=checkout", when propagated from .gitmodules to
+   .git/config, turned into a "submodule.*.update=none", which did not
+   make much sense.
+   (merge efa8fd7 fp/submodule-checkout-mode later to maint).
+
+ * The implementation of 'git stash $cmd "stash@{...}"' did not quote
+   the stash argument properly and left it split at IFS whitespace.
+
+ * The "--[no-]informative-errors" options to "git daemon" were parsed
+   a bit too loosely, allowing any other string after these option
+   names.
+
+ * There is no reason to have a hardcoded upper limit for the number of
+   parents of an octopus merge, created via the graft mechanism, but
+   there was.
+
+ * The basic test used to leave unnecessary trash directories in the
+   t/ directory.
+   (merge 738a8be jk/test-framework-updates later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-base --octopus" used to leave cleaning up suboptimal
+   result to the caller, but now it does the clean-up itself.
+
+ * A "gc" process running as a different user should be able to stop a
+   new "gc" process from starting, but it didn't.
+
+ * An earlier "clean-up" introduced an unnecessary memory leak.
+
+ * "git add -A" (no other arguments) in a totally empty working tree
+   used to emit an error.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" did not handle a tag pointed by another tag
+   nicely.
+
+ * When we figure out how many file descriptors to allocate for
+   keeping packfiles open, a system with non-working getrlimit() could
+   cause us to die(), but because we make this call only to get a
+   rough estimate of how many are available and we do not even attempt
+   to use up all available file descriptors ourselves, it is nicer to
+   fall back to a reasonable low value rather than dying.
+
+ * read_sha1_file(), that is the workhorse to read the contents given
+   an object name, honoured object replacements, but there was no
+   corresponding mechanism to sha1_object_info() that was used to
+   obtain the metainfo (e.g. type & size) about the object.  This led
+   callers to weird inconsistencies.
+   (merge 663a856 cc/replace-object-info later to maint).
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch=", an admittedly useless command, did not
+   behave very well.
+
+ * "git rev-parse <revs> -- <paths>" did not implement the usual
+   disambiguation rules the commands in the "git log" family used in
+   the same way.
+
+ * "git mv A B/", when B does not exist as a directory, should error
+   out, but it didn't.
+
+ * A workaround to an old bug in glibc prior to glibc 2.17 has been
+   retired; this would remove a side effect of the workaround that
+   corrupts system error messages in non-C locales.
+
+ * SSL-related options were not passed correctly to underlying socket
+   layer in "git send-email".
+
+ * "git commit -v" appends the patch to the log message before
+   editing, and then removes the patch when the editor returned
+   control. However, the patch was not stripped correctly when the
+   first modified path was a submodule.
+
+ * "git fetch --depth=0" was a no-op, and was silently ignored.
+   Diagnose it as an error.
+
+ * Remote repository URLs expressed in scp-style host:path notation are
+   parsed more carefully (e.g. "foo/bar:baz" is local, "[::1]:/~user" asks
+   to connect to user's home directory on host at address ::1.
+
+ * "git diff -- ':(icase)makefile'" was unnecessarily rejected at the
+   command line parser.
+
+ * "git cat-file --batch-check=ok" did not check the existence of
+   the named object.
+
+ * "git am --abort" sometimes complained about not being able to write
+   a tree with an 0{40} object in it.
+
+ * Two processes creating loose objects at the same time could have
+   failed unnecessarily when the name of their new objects started
+   with the same byte value, due to a race condition.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b0602053c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+Git v1.9.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.9.0
+------------------
+
+ * "git clean -d pathspec" did not use the given pathspec correctly
+   and ended up cleaning too much.
+
+ * "git difftool" misbehaved when the repository is bound to the
+   working tree with the ".git file" mechanism, where a textual file
+   ".git" tells us where it is.
+
+ * "git push" did not pay attention to branch.*.pushremote if it is
+   defined earlier than remote.pushdefault; the order of these two
+   variables in the configuration file should not matter, but it did
+   by mistake.
+
+ * Codepaths that parse timestamps in commit objects have been
+   tightened.
+
+ * "git diff --external-diff" incorrectly fed the submodule directory
+   in the working tree to the external diff driver when it knew it is
+   the same as one of the versions being compared.
+
+ * "git reset" needs to refresh the index when working in a working
+   tree (it can also be used to match the index to the HEAD in an
+   otherwise bare repository), but it failed to set up the working
+   tree properly, causing GIT_WORK_TREE to be ignored.
+
+ * "git check-attr" when working on a repository with a working tree
+   did not work well when the working tree was specified via the
+   --work-tree (and obviously with --git-dir) option.
+
+ * "merge-recursive" was broken in 1.7.7 era and stopped working in
+   an empty (temporary) working tree, when there are renames
+   involved.  This has been corrected.
+
+ * "git rev-parse" was loose in rejecting command line arguments
+   that do not make sense, e.g. "--default" without the required
+   value for that option.
+
+ * include.path variable (or any variable that expects a path that
+   can use ~username expansion) in the configuration file is not a
+   boolean, but the code failed to check it.
+
+ * "git diff --quiet -- pathspec1 pathspec2" sometimes did not return
+   correct status value.
+
+ * Attempting to deepen a shallow repository by fetching over smart
+   HTTP transport failed in the protocol exchange, when no-done
+   extension was used.  The fetching side waited for the list of
+   shallow boundary commits after the sending end stopped talking to
+   it.
+
+ * Allow "git cmd path/", when the 'path' is where a submodule is
+   bound to the top-level working tree, to match 'path', despite the
+   extra and unnecessary trailing slash (such a slash is often
+   given by command line completion).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47a34ca964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+Git v1.9.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.9.1
+------------------
+
+ * Documentation and in-code comments had many instances of mistaken
+   use of "nor", which have been corrected.
+
+ * "git fetch --prune", when the right-hand-side of multiple fetch
+   refspecs overlap (e.g. storing "refs/heads/*" to
+   "refs/remotes/origin/*", while storing "refs/frotz/*" to
+   "refs/remotes/origin/fr/*"), aggressively thought that lack of
+   "refs/heads/fr/otz" on the origin site meant we should remove
+   "refs/remotes/origin/fr/otz" from us, without checking their
+   "refs/frotz/otz" first.
+
+   Note that such a configuration is inherently unsafe (think what
+   should happen when "refs/heads/fr/otz" does appear on the origin
+   site), but that is not a reason not to be extra careful.
+
+ * "git update-ref --stdin" did not fail a request to create a ref
+   when the ref already existed.
+
+ * "git diff --no-index -Mq a b" fell into an infinite loop.
+
+ * When it is not necessary to edit a commit log message (e.g. "git
+   commit -m" is given a message without specifying "-e"), we used to
+   disable the spawning of the editor by overriding GIT_EDITOR, but
+   this means all the uses of the editor, other than to edit the
+   commit log message, are also affected.
+
+ * "git status --porcelain --branch" showed its output with labels
+   "ahead/behind/gone" translated to the user's locale.
+
+ * "git mv" that moves a submodule forgot to adjust the array that
+   uses to keep track of which submodules were to be moved to update
+   its configuration.
+
+ * Length limit for the pathname used when removing a path in a deep
+   subdirectory has been removed to avoid buffer overflows.
+
+ * The test helper lib-terminal always run an actual test_expect_*
+   when included, which screwed up with the use of skil-all that may
+   have to be done later.
+
+ * "git index-pack" used a wrong variable to name the keep-file in an
+   error message when the file cannot be written or closed.
+
+ * "rebase -i" produced a broken insn sheet when the title of a commit
+   happened to contain '\n' (or ended with '\c') due to a careless use
+   of 'echo'.
+
+ * There were a few instances of 'git-foo' remaining in the
+   documentation that should have been spelled 'git foo'.
+
+ * Serving objects from a shallow repository needs to write a
+   new file to hold the temporary shallow boundaries but it was not
+   cleaned when we exit due to die() or a signal.
+
+ * When "git stash pop" stops after failing to apply the stash
+   (e.g. due to conflicting changes), the stash is not dropped. State
+   that explicitly in the output to let the users know.
+
+ * The labels in "git status" output that describe the nature of
+   conflicts (e.g. "both deleted") were limited to 20 bytes, which was
+   too short for some l10n (e.g. fr).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17b05ca7b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Git v1.9.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.9.2
+------------------
+
+ * "git p4" dealing with changes in binary files were broken by a
+   change in 1.9 release.
+
+ * The shell prompt script (in contrib/), when using the PROMPT_COMMAND
+   interface, used an unsafe construct when showing the branch name in
+   $PS1.
+
+ * "git rebase" used a POSIX shell construct FreeBSD /bin/sh does not
+   work well with.
+
+ * Some more Unicode codepoints defined in Unicode 6.3 as having
+   zero width have been taught to our display column counting logic.
+
+ * Some tests used shell constructs that did not work well on
+   FreeBSD.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1d1835436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Git v1.9.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.9.3
+------------------
+
+ * Commands that take pathspecs on the command line misbehaved when
+   the pathspec is given as an absolute pathname (which is a
+   practice not particularly encouraged) that points at a symbolic
+   link in the working tree.
+
+ * An earlier fix to the shell prompt script (in contrib/) for using
+   the PROMPT_COMMAND interface did not correctly check if the extra
+   code path needs to trigger, causing the branch name not to appear
+   when 'promptvars' option is disabled in bash or PROMPT_SUBST is
+   unset in zsh.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d6ac0cf53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/1.9.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v1.9.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v1.9.4
+------------------
+
+ * We used to allow committing a path ".Git/config" with Git that is
+   running on a case sensitive filesystem, but an attempt to check out
+   such a path with Git that runs on a case insensitive filesystem
+   would have clobbered ".git/config", which is definitely not what
+   the user would have expected.  Git now prevents you from tracking
+   a path with ".Git" (in any case combination) as a path component.
+
+ * On Windows, certain path components that are different from ".git"
+   are mapped to ".git", e.g. "git~1/config" is treated as if it were
+   ".git/config".  HFS+ has a similar issue, where certain unicode
+   codepoints are ignored, e.g. ".g\u200cit/config" is treated as if
+   it were ".git/config".  Pathnames with these potential issues are
+   rejected on the affected systems.  Git on systems that are not
+   affected by this issue (e.g. Linux) can also be configured to
+   reject them to ensure cross platform interoperability of the hosted
+   projects.
+
+ * "git fsck" notices a tree object that records such a path that can
+   be confused with ".git", and with receive.fsckObjects configuration
+   set to true, an attempt to "git push" such a tree object will be
+   rejected.  Such a path may not be a problem on a well behaving
+   filesystem but in order to protect those on HFS+ and on case
+   insensitive filesystems, this check is enabled on all platforms.
+
+A big "thanks!" for bringing this issue to us goes to our friends in
+the Mercurial land, namely, Matt Mackall and Augie Fackler.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2617372a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+Git v2.0 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+When "git push [$there]" does not say what to push, we have used the
+traditional "matching" semantics so far (all your branches were sent
+to the remote as long as there already are branches of the same name
+over there).  In Git 2.0, the default is now the "simple" semantics,
+which pushes:
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, and only
+   when the current branch is set to integrate with that remote
+   branch, if you are pushing to the same remote as you fetch from; or
+
+ - only the current branch to the branch with the same name, if you
+   are pushing to a remote that is not where you usually fetch from.
+
+You can use the configuration variable "push.default" to change
+this.  If you are an old-timer who wants to keep using the
+"matching" semantics, you can set the variable to "matching", for
+example.  Read the documentation for other possibilities.
+
+When "git add -u" and "git add -A" are run inside a subdirectory
+without specifying which paths to add on the command line, they
+operate on the entire tree for consistency with "git commit -a" and
+other commands (these commands used to operate only on the current
+subdirectory).  Say "git add -u ." or "git add -A ." if you want to
+limit the operation to the current directory.
+
+"git add <path>" is the same as "git add -A <path>" now, so that
+"git add dir/" will notice paths you removed from the directory and
+record the removal.  In older versions of Git, "git add <path>" used
+to ignore removals.  You can say "git add --ignore-removal <path>" to
+add only added or modified paths in <path>, if you really want to.
+
+The "-q" option to "git diff-files", which does *NOT* mean "quiet",
+has been removed (it told Git to ignore deletion, which you can do
+with "git diff-files --diff-filter=d").
+
+"git request-pull" lost a few "heuristics" that often led to mistakes.
+
+The default prefix for "git svn" has changed in Git 2.0.  For a long
+time, "git svn" created its remote-tracking branches directly under
+refs/remotes, but it now places them under refs/remotes/origin/ unless
+it is told otherwise with its "--prefix" option.
+
+
+Updates since v1.9 series
+-------------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * The "multi-mail" post-receive hook (in contrib/) has been updated
+   to a more recent version from upstream.
+
+ * The "remote-hg/bzr" remote-helper interfaces (used to be in
+   contrib/) are no more.  They are now maintained separately as
+   third-party plug-ins in their own repositories.
+
+ * "git gc --aggressive" learned "--depth" option and
+   "gc.aggressiveDepth" configuration variable to allow use of a less
+   insane depth than the built-in default value of 250.
+
+ * "git log" learned the "--show-linear-break" option to show where a
+   single strand-of-pearls is broken in its output.
+
+ * The "rev-parse --parseopt" mechanism used by scripted Porcelains to
+   parse command-line options and to give help text learned to take
+   the argv-help (the placeholder string for an option parameter,
+   e.g. "key-id" in "--gpg-sign=<key-id>").
+
+ * The pattern to find where the function begins in C/C++ used in
+   "diff" and "grep -p" has been updated to improve viewing C++
+   sources.
+
+ * "git rebase" learned to interpret a lone "-" as "@{-1}", the
+   branch that we were previously on.
+
+ * "git commit --cleanup=<mode>" learned a new mode, scissors.
+
+ * "git tag --list" output can be sorted using "version sort" with
+   "--sort=version:refname".
+
+ * Discard the accumulated "heuristics" to guess from which branch the
+   result wants to be pulled from and make sure that what the end user
+   specified is not second-guessed by "git request-pull", to avoid
+   mistakes.  When you pushed out your 'master' branch to your public
+   repository as 'for-linus', use the new "master:for-linus" syntax to
+   denote the branch to be pulled.
+
+ * "git grep" learned to behave in a way similar to native grep when
+   "-h" (no header) and "-c" (count) options are given.
+
+ * "git push" via transport-helper interface has been updated to
+   allow forced ref updates in a way similar to the natively
+   supported transports.
+
+ * The "simple" mode is the default for "git push".
+
+ * "git add -u" and "git add -A", when run without any pathspec, is a
+   tree-wide operation even when run inside a subdirectory of a
+   working tree.
+
+ * "git add <path>" is the same as "git add -A <path>" now.
+
+ * "core.statinfo" configuration variable, which is a
+   never-advertised synonym to "core.checkstat", has been removed.
+
+ * The "-q" option to "git diff-files", which does *NOT* mean
+   "quiet", has been removed (it told Git to ignore deletion, which
+   you can do with "git diff-files --diff-filter=d").
+
+ * Server operators can loosen the "tips of refs only" restriction for
+   the remote archive service with the uploadarchive.allowUnreachable
+   configuration option.
+
+ * The progress indicators from various time-consuming commands have
+   been marked for i18n/l10n.
+
+ * "git notes -C <blob>" diagnoses as an error an attempt to use an
+   object that is not a blob.
+
+ * "git config" learned to read from the standard input when "-" is
+   given as the value to its "--file" parameter (attempting an
+   operation to update the configuration in the standard input is
+   rejected, of course).
+
+ * Trailing whitespaces in .gitignore files, unless they are quoted
+   for fnmatch(3), e.g. "path\ ", are warned and ignored.  Strictly
+   speaking, this is a backward-incompatible change, but very unlikely
+   to bite any sane user and adjusting should be obvious and easy.
+
+ * Many commands that create commits, e.g. "pull" and "rebase",
+   learned to take the "--gpg-sign" option on the command line.
+
+ * "git commit" can be told to always GPG sign the resulting commit
+   by setting the "commit.gpgsign" configuration variable to "true"
+   (the command-line option "--no-gpg-sign" should override it).
+
+ * "git pull" can be told to only accept fast-forward by setting the
+   new "pull.ff" configuration variable.
+
+ * "git reset" learned the "-N" option, which does not reset the index
+   fully for paths the index knows about but the tree-ish the command
+   resets to does not (these paths are kept as intend-to-add entries).
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * The compilation options to port to AIX and to MSVC have been
+   updated.
+
+ * We started using wildmatch() in place of fnmatch(3) a few releases
+   ago; complete the process and stop using fnmatch(3).
+
+ * Uses of curl's "multi" interface and "easy" interface do not mix
+   well when we attempt to reuse outgoing connections.  Teach the RPC
+   over HTTP code, used in the smart HTTP transport, not to use the
+   "easy" interface.
+
+ * The bitmap-index feature from JGit has been ported, which should
+   significantly improve performance when serving objects from a
+   repository that uses it.
+
+ * The way "git log --cc" shows a combined diff against multiple
+   parents has been optimized.
+
+ * The prefixcmp() and suffixcmp() functions are gone.  Use
+   starts_with() and ends_with(), and also consider if skip_prefix()
+   suits your needs better when using the former.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.  Many
+of them came from flurry of activities as GSoC candidate microproject
+exercises.
+
+
+Fixes since v1.9 series
+-----------------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v1.9 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git p4" was broken in 1.9 release to deal with changes in binary
+   files.
+   (merge 749b668 cl/p4-use-diff-tree later to maint).
+
+ * The shell prompt script (in contrib/), when using the PROMPT_COMMAND
+   interface, used an unsafe construct when showing the branch name in
+   $PS1.
+   (merge 1e4119c8 rh/prompt-pcmode-avoid-eval-on-refname later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase" used a POSIX shell construct FreeBSD's /bin/sh does not
+   work well with.
+   (merge 8cd6596 km/avoid-non-function-return-in-rebase later to maint).
+
+ * zsh prompt (in contrib/) leaked unnecessary error messages.
+
+ * Bash completion (in contrib/) did not complete the refs and remotes
+   correctly given "git pu<TAB>" when "pu" is aliased to "push".
+
+ * Some more Unicode code points, defined in Unicode 6.3 as having zero
+   width, have been taught to our display column counting logic.
+   (merge d813ab9 tb/unicode-6.3-zero-width later to maint).
+
+ * Some tests used shell constructs that did not work well on FreeBSD
+   (merge ff7a1c6 km/avoid-bs-in-shell-glob later to maint).
+   (merge 00764ca km/avoid-cp-a later to maint).
+
+ * "git update-ref --stdin" did not fail a request to create a ref
+   when the ref already existed.
+   (merge b9d56b5 mh/update-ref-batch-create-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff --no-index -Mq a b" fell into an infinite loop.
+   (merge ad1c3fb jc/fix-diff-no-index-diff-opt-parse later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch --prune", when the right-hand side of multiple fetch
+   refspecs overlap (e.g. storing "refs/heads/*" to
+   "refs/remotes/origin/*", while storing "refs/frotz/*" to
+   "refs/remotes/origin/fr/*"), aggressively thought that lack of
+   "refs/heads/fr/otz" on the origin site meant we should remove
+   "refs/remotes/origin/fr/otz" from us, without checking their
+   "refs/frotz/otz" first.
+
+   Note that such a configuration is inherently unsafe (think what
+   should happen when "refs/heads/fr/otz" does appear on the origin
+   site), but that is not a reason not to be extra careful.
+   (merge e6f6371 cn/fetch-prune-overlapping-destination later to maint).
+
+ * "git status --porcelain --branch" showed its output with labels
+   "ahead/behind/gone" translated to the user's locale.
+   (merge 7a76c28 mm/status-porcelain-format-i18n-fix later to maint).
+
+ * A stray environment variable $prefix could have leaked into and
+   affected the behaviour of the "subtree" script (in contrib/).
+
+ * When it is not necessary to edit a commit log message (e.g. "git
+   commit -m" is given a message without specifying "-e"), we used to
+   disable the spawning of the editor by overriding GIT_EDITOR, but
+   this means all the uses of the editor, other than to edit the
+   commit log message, are also affected.
+   (merge b549be0 bp/commit-p-editor later to maint).
+
+ * "git mv" that moves a submodule forgot to adjust the array that
+   uses to keep track of which submodules were to be moved to update
+   its configuration.
+   (merge fb8a4e8 jk/mv-submodules-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Length limit for the pathname used when removing a path in a deep
+   subdirectory has been removed to avoid buffer overflows.
+   (merge 2f29e0c mh/remove-subtree-long-pathname-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The test helper lib-terminal always run an actual test_expect_*
+   when included, which screwed up with the use of skil-all that may
+   have to be done later.
+   (merge 7e27173 jk/lib-terminal-lazy later to maint).
+
+ * "git index-pack" used a wrong variable to name the keep-file in an
+   error message when the file cannot be written or closed.
+   (merge de983a0 nd/index-pack-error-message later to maint).
+
+ * "rebase -i" produced a broken insn sheet when the title of a commit
+   happened to contain '\n' (or ended with '\c') due to a careless use
+   of 'echo'.
+   (merge cb1aefd us/printf-not-echo later to maint).
+
+ * There were a few instances of 'git-foo' remaining in the
+   documentation that should have been spelled 'git foo'.
+   (merge 3c3e6f5 rr/doc-merge-strategies later to maint).
+
+ * Serving objects from a shallow repository needs to write a
+   new file to hold the temporary shallow boundaries, but it was not
+   cleaned when we exit due to die() or a signal.
+   (merge 7839632 jk/shallow-update-fix later to maint).
+
+ * When "git stash pop" stops after failing to apply the stash
+   (e.g. due to conflicting changes), the stash is not dropped. State
+   that explicitly in the output to let the users know.
+   (merge 2d4c993 jc/stash-pop-not-popped later to maint).
+
+ * The labels in "git status" output that describe the nature of
+   conflicts (e.g. "both deleted") were limited to 20 bytes, which was
+   too short for some l10n (e.g. fr).
+   (merge c7cb333 jn/wt-status later to maint).
+
+ * "git clean -d pathspec" did not use the given pathspec correctly
+   and ended up cleaning too much.
+   (merge 1f2e108 jk/clean-d-pathspec later to maint).
+
+ * "git difftool" misbehaved when the repository is bound to the
+   working tree with the ".git file" mechanism, where a textual file
+   ".git" tells us where it is.
+   (merge fcfec8b da/difftool-git-files later to maint).
+
+ * "git push" did not pay attention to "branch.*.pushremote" if it is
+   defined earlier than "remote.pushdefault"; the order of these two
+   variables in the configuration file should not matter, but it did
+   by mistake.
+   (merge 98b406f jk/remote-pushremote-config-reading later to maint).
+
+ * Code paths that parse timestamps in commit objects have been
+   tightened.
+   (merge f80d1f9 jk/commit-dates-parsing-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff --external-diff" incorrectly fed the submodule directory
+   in the working tree to the external diff driver when it knew that it
+   is the same as one of the versions being compared.
+   (merge aba4727 tr/diff-submodule-no-reuse-worktree later to maint).
+
+ * "git reset" needs to refresh the index when working in a working
+   tree (it can also be used to match the index to the HEAD in an
+   otherwise bare repository), but it failed to set up the working
+   tree properly, causing GIT_WORK_TREE to be ignored.
+   (merge b7756d4 nd/reset-setup-worktree later to maint).
+
+ * "git check-attr" when working on a repository with a working tree
+   did not work well when the working tree was specified via the
+   "--work-tree" (and obviously with "--git-dir") option.
+   (merge cdbf623 jc/check-attr-honor-working-tree later to maint).
+
+ * "merge-recursive" was broken in 1.7.7 era and stopped working in
+   an empty (temporary) working tree, when there are renames
+   involved.  This has been corrected.
+   (merge 6e2068a bk/refresh-missing-ok-in-merge-recursive later to maint.)
+
+ * "git rev-parse" was loose in rejecting command-line arguments
+   that do not make sense, e.g. "--default" without the required
+   value for that option.
+   (merge a43219f ds/rev-parse-required-args later to maint.)
+
+ * "include.path" variable (or any variable that expects a path that
+   can use ~username expansion) in the configuration file is not a
+   boolean, but the code failed to check it.
+   (merge 67beb60 jk/config-path-include-fix later to maint.)
+
+ * Commands that take pathspecs on the command line misbehaved when
+   the pathspec is given as an absolute pathname (which is a
+   practice not particularly encouraged) that points at a symbolic
+   link in the working tree.
+   (merge 6127ff6 mw/symlinks later to maint.)
+
+ * "git diff --quiet -- pathspec1 pathspec2" sometimes did not return
+   the correct status value.
+   (merge f34b205 nd/diff-quiet-stat-dirty later to maint.)
+
+ * Attempting to deepen a shallow repository by fetching over smart
+   HTTP transport failed in the protocol exchange, when the no-done
+   extension was used.  The fetching side waited for the list of
+   shallow boundary commits after the sending side stopped talking to
+   it.
+   (merge 0232852 nd/http-fetch-shallow-fix later to maint.)
+
+ * Allow "git cmd path/", when the 'path' is where a submodule is
+   bound to the top-level working tree, to match 'path', despite the
+   extra and unnecessary trailing slash (such a slash is often
+   given by command-line completion).
+   (merge 2e70c01 nd/submodule-pathspec-ending-with-slash later to maint.)
+
+ * Documentation and in-code comments had many instances of mistaken
+   use of "nor", which have been corrected.
+   (merge 235e8d5 jl/nor-or-nand-and later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce5579db3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+Git v2.0.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * We used to unconditionally disable the pager in the pager process
+   we spawn to feed out output, but that prevented people who want to
+   run "less" within "less" from doing so.
+
+ * Tools that read diagnostic output in our standard error stream do
+   not want to see terminal control sequence (e.g. erase-to-eol).
+   Detect them by checking if the standard error stream is connected
+   to a tty.
+ * Reworded the error message given upon a failure to open an existing
+   loose object file due to e.g. permission issues; it was reported as
+   the object being corrupt, but that is not quite true.
+
+ * "git log -2master" is a common typo that shows two commits starting
+   from whichever random branch that is not 'master' that happens to
+   be checked out currently.
+
+ * The "%<(10,trunc)%s" pretty format specifier in the log family of
+   commands is used to truncate the string to a given length (e.g. 10
+   in the example) with padding to column-align the output, but did
+   not take into account that number of bytes and number of display
+   columns are different.
+
+ * The "mailmap.file" configuration option did not support the tilde
+   expansion (i.e. ~user/path and ~/path).
+
+ * The completion scripts (in contrib/) did not know about quite a few
+   options that are common between "git merge" and "git pull", and a
+   couple of options unique to "git merge".
+
+ * "--ignore-space-change" option of "git apply" ignored the spaces
+   at the beginning of line too aggressively, which is inconsistent
+   with the option of the same name "diff" and "git diff" have.
+
+ * "git blame" miscounted number of columns needed to show localized
+   timestamps, resulting in jaggy left-side-edge of the source code
+   lines in its output.
+
+ * "git blame" assigned the blame to the copy in the working-tree if
+   the repository is set to core.autocrlf=input and the file used CRLF
+   line endings.
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -C $commit" did not work when the
+   commit did not have any log message.
+
+ * "git diff --find-copies-harder" sometimes pretended as if the mode
+   bits have changed for paths that are marked with assume-unchanged
+   bit.
+
+ * "git format-patch" did not enforce the rule that the "--follow"
+   option from the log/diff family of commands must be used with
+   exactly one pathspec.
+
+ * "git gc --auto" was recently changed to run in the background to
+   give control back early to the end-user sitting in front of the
+   terminal, but it forgot that housekeeping involving reflogs should
+   be done without other processes competing for accesses to the refs.
+
+ * "git grep -O" to show the lines that hit in the pager did not work
+   well with case insensitive search.  We now spawn "less" with its
+   "-I" option when it is used as the pager (which is the default).
+
+ * We used to disable threaded "git index-pack" on platforms without
+   thread-safe pread(); use a different workaround for such
+   platforms to allow threaded "git index-pack".
+
+ * The error reporting from "git index-pack" has been improved to
+   distinguish missing objects from type errors.
+
+ * "git mailinfo" used to read beyond the end of header string while
+   parsing an incoming e-mail message to extract the patch.
+
+ * On a case insensitive filesystem, merge-recursive incorrectly
+   deleted the file that is to be renamed to a name that is the same
+   except for case differences.
+
+ * "git pack-objects" unnecessarily copied the previous contents when
+   extending the hashtable, even though it will populate the table
+   from scratch anyway.
+
+ * "git rerere forget" did not work well when merge.conflictstyle
+   was set to a non-default value.
+
+ * "git remote rm" and "git remote prune" can involve removing many
+   refs at once, which is not a very efficient thing to do when very
+   many refs exist in the packed-refs file.
+
+ * "git log --exclude=<glob> --all | git shortlog" worked as expected,
+   but "git shortlog --exclude=<glob> --all", which is supposed to be
+   identical to the above pipeline, was not accepted at the command
+   line argument parser level.
+
+ * The autostash mode of "git rebase -i" did not restore the dirty
+   working tree state if the user aborted the interactive rebase by
+   emptying the insn sheet.
+
+ * "git show -s" (i.e. show log message only) used to incorrectly emit
+   an extra blank line after a merge commit.
+
+ * "git status", even though it is a read-only operation, tries to
+   update the index with refreshed lstat(2) info to optimize future
+   accesses to the working tree opportunistically, but this could
+   race with a "read-write" operation that modify the index while it
+   is running.  Detect such a race and avoid overwriting the index.
+
+ * "git status" (and "git commit") behaved as if changes in a modified
+   submodule are not there if submodule.*.ignore configuration is set,
+   which was misleading.  The configuration is only to unclutter diff
+   output during the course of development, and should not to hide
+   changes in the "status" output to cause the users forget to commit
+   them.
+
+ * The mode to run tests with HTTP server tests disabled was broken.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e8321b2ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Git v2.0.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * Documentation for "git submodule sync" forgot to say that the subcommand
+   can take the "--recursive" option.
+
+ * Mishandling of patterns in .gitignore that has trailing SPs quoted
+   with backslashes (e.g. ones that end with "\ ") have been
+   corrected.
+
+ * Recent updates to "git repack" started to duplicate objects that
+   are in packfiles marked with .keep flag into the new packfile by
+   mistake.
+
+ * "git clone -b brefs/tags/bar" would have mistakenly thought we were
+   following a single tag, even though it was a name of the branch,
+   because it incorrectly used strstr().
+
+ * "%G" (nothing after G) is an invalid pretty format specifier, but
+   the parser did not notice it as garbage.
+
+ * Code to avoid adding the same alternate object store twice was
+   subtly broken for a long time, but nobody seems to have noticed.
+
+ * A handful of code paths had to read the commit object more than
+   once when showing header fields that are usually not parsed.  The
+   internal data structure to keep track of the contents of the commit
+   object has been updated to reduce the need for this double-reading,
+   and to allow the caller find the length of the object.
+
+ * During "git rebase --merge", a conflicted patch could not be
+   skipped with "--skip" if the next one also conflicted.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4047b46bbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Git v2.0.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * An ancient rewrite passed a wrong pointer to a curl library
+   function in a rarely used code path.
+
+ * "filter-branch" left an empty single-parent commit that results when
+   all parents of a merge commit gets mapped to the same commit, even
+   under "--prune-empty".
+
+ * "log --show-signature" incorrectly decided the color to paint a
+   mergetag that was and was not correctly validated.
+
+ * "log --show-signature" did not pay attention to "--graph" option.
+
+Also a lot of fixes to the tests and some updates to the docs are
+included.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e340921a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Git v2.0.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * An earlier update to v2.0.2 broken output from "git diff-tree",
+   which is fixed in this release.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a16f697e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.0.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v2.0.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.0.4
+------------------
+
+ * We used to allow committing a path ".Git/config" with Git that is
+   running on a case sensitive filesystem, but an attempt to check out
+   such a path with Git that runs on a case insensitive filesystem
+   would have clobbered ".git/config", which is definitely not what
+   the user would have expected.  Git now prevents you from tracking
+   a path with ".Git" (in any case combination) as a path component.
+
+ * On Windows, certain path components that are different from ".git"
+   are mapped to ".git", e.g. "git~1/config" is treated as if it were
+   ".git/config".  HFS+ has a similar issue, where certain unicode
+   codepoints are ignored, e.g. ".g\u200cit/config" is treated as if
+   it were ".git/config".  Pathnames with these potential issues are
+   rejected on the affected systems.  Git on systems that are not
+   affected by this issue (e.g. Linux) can also be configured to
+   reject them to ensure cross platform interoperability of the hosted
+   projects.
+
+ * "git fsck" notices a tree object that records such a path that can
+   be confused with ".git", and with receive.fsckObjects configuration
+   set to true, an attempt to "git push" such a tree object will be
+   rejected.  Such a path may not be a problem on a well behaving
+   filesystem but in order to protect those on HFS+ and on case
+   insensitive filesystems, this check is enabled on all platforms.
+
+A big "thanks!" for bringing this issue to us goes to our friends in
+the Mercurial land, namely, Matt Mackall and Augie Fackler.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae4753728e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+Git v2.1 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Backward compatibility notes
+----------------------------
+
+ * The default value we give to the environment variable LESS has been
+   changed from "FRSX" to "FRX", losing "S" (chop long lines instead
+   of wrapping).  Existing users who prefer not to see line-wrapped
+   output may want to set
+
+     $ git config core.pager "less -S"
+
+   to restore the traditional behaviour.  It is expected that people
+   find output from most subcommands easier to read with the new
+   default, except for "blame" which tends to produce really long
+   lines.  To override the new default only for "git blame", you can
+   do this:
+
+     $ git config pager.blame "less -S"
+
+ * A few disused directories in contrib/ have been retired.
+
+
+Updates since v2.0
+------------------
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * Since the very beginning of Git, we gave the LESS environment a
+   default value "FRSX" when we spawn "less" as the pager.  "S" (chop
+   long lines instead of wrapping) has been removed from this default
+   set of options, because it is more or less a personal taste thing,
+   as opposed to the others that have good justifications (i.e. "R" is
+   very much justified because many kinds of output we produce are
+   colored and "FX" is justified because output we produce is often
+   shorter than a page).
+
+ * The logic and data used to compute the display width needed for
+   UTF-8 strings have been updated to match Unicode 7.0 better.
+
+ * HTTP-based transports learned to better propagate the error messages from
+   the webserver to the client coming over the HTTP transport.
+
+ * The completion script for bash (in contrib/) has been updated to
+   better handle aliases that define a complex sequence of commands.
+
+ * The "core.preloadindex" configuration variable is enabled by default,
+   allowing modern platforms to take advantage of their
+   multiple cores.
+
+ * "git clone" applies the "if cloning from a local disk, physically
+   copy the repository using hardlinks, unless otherwise told not to with
+   --no-local" optimization when the url.*.insteadOf mechanism rewrites a
+   remote-repository "git clone $URL" into a
+   clone from a local disk.
+
+ * "git commit --date=<date>" option learned more
+   timestamp formats, including "--date=now".
+
+ * The `core.commentChar` configuration variable is used to specify a
+   custom comment character (other than the default "#") for
+   the commit message editor.  This can be set to `auto` to attempt to
+   choose a different character that does not conflict with any that
+   already starts a line in the message being edited, for cases like
+   "git commit --amend".
+
+ * "git format-patch" learned --signature-file=<file> to add the contents
+   of a file as a signature to the mail message it produces.
+
+ * "git grep" learned the grep.fullname configuration variable to force
+   "--full-name" to be the default.  This may cause regressions for
+   scripted users who do not expect this new behaviour.
+
+ * "git imap-send" learned to ask the credential helper for auth
+   material.
+
+ * "git log" and friends now understand the value "auto" for the
+   "log.decorate" configuration variable to enable the "--decorate"
+   option automatically when the output is sent to tty.
+
+ * "git merge" without an argument, even when there is an upstream
+   defined for the current branch, refused to run until
+   merge.defaultToUpstream is set to true.  Flip the default of that
+   configuration variable to true.
+
+ * "git mergetool" learned to drive the vimdiff3 backend.
+
+ * mergetool.prompt used to default to 'true', always asking "do you
+   really want to run the tool on this path?".  The default has been
+   changed to 'false'.  However, the prompt will still appear if
+   mergetool used its autodetection system to guess which tool to use.
+   Users who explicitly specify or configure a tool will no longer see
+   the prompt by default.
+
+   Strictly speaking, this is a backward incompatible change and
+   users need to explicitly set the variable to 'true' if they want
+   to be prompted to confirm running the tool on each path.
+
+ * "git replace" learned the "--edit" subcommand to create a
+   replacement by editing an existing object.
+
+ * "git replace" learned a "--graft" option to rewrite the parents of a
+   commit.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned "--to-cover" and "--cc-cover" options, to
+   tell it to copy To: and Cc: headers found in the first input file
+   when emitting later input files.
+
+ * "git svn" learned to cope with malformed timestamps with only one
+   digit in the hour part, e.g. 2014-01-07T5:01:02.048176Z, emitted
+   by some broken subversion server implementations.
+
+ * "git tag" when editing the tag message shows the name of the tag
+   being edited as a comment in the editor.
+
+ * "git tag" learned to pay attention to "tag.sort" configuration, to
+   be used as the default sort order when no --sort=<value> option
+   is given.
+
+ * A new "git verify-commit" command, to check GPG signatures in signed
+   commits, in a way similar to "git verify-tag" is used to check
+   signed tags, was added.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, etc.
+
+ * Build procedure for 'subtree' (in contrib/) has been cleaned up.
+
+ * Support for the profile-feedback build, which has
+   bit-rotted for quite a while, has been updated.
+
+ * An experimental format to use two files (the base file and
+   incremental changes relative to it) to represent the index has been
+   introduced; this may reduce I/O cost of rewriting a large index
+   when only small part of the working tree changes.
+
+ * Effort to shrink the size of patches Windows folks maintain on top
+   by upstreaming them continues.  More tests that are not applicable
+   to the Windows environment are identified and either skipped or
+   made more portable.
+
+ * Eradication of "test $condition -a $condition" from our scripts
+   continues.
+
+ * The `core.deltabasecachelimit` used to default to 16 MiB , but this
+   proved to be too small, and has been bumped to 96 MiB.
+
+ * "git blame" has been optimized greatly by reorganising the data
+   structure that is used to keep track of the work to be done.
+
+ * "git diff" that compares 3-or-more trees (e.g. parents and the
+   result of a merge) has been optimized.
+
+ * The API to update/delete references are being converted to handle
+   updates to multiple references in a transactional way.  As an
+   example, "update-ref --stdin [-z]" has been updated to use this
+   API.
+
+ * skip_prefix() and strip_suffix() API functions are used a lot more
+   widely throughout the codebase now.
+
+ * Parts of the test scripts can be skipped by using a range notation,
+   e.g. "sh t1234-test.sh --run='1-4 6 8-'" to omit test piece 5 and 7
+   and run everything else.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.0
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.0 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * We used to unconditionally disable the pager in the pager process
+   we spawn to feed out output, but that prevented people who want to
+   run "less" within "less" from doing so.
+   (merge c0459ca je/pager-do-not-recurse later to maint).
+
+ * Tools that read diagnostic output in our standard error stream do
+   not want to see terminal control sequence (e.g. erase-to-eol).
+   Detect them by checking if the standard error stream is connected
+   to a tty.
+   (merge 38de156 mn/sideband-no-ansi later to maint).
+
+ * Mishandling of patterns in .gitignore that have trailing SPs quoted
+   with backslashes (e.g. ones that end with "\ ") has been
+   corrected.
+   (merge 97c1364be6b pb/trim-trailing-spaces later to maint).
+
+ * Reworded the error message given upon a failure to open an existing
+   loose object file due to e.g. permission issues; it was reported as
+   the object being corrupt, but that is not quite true.
+   (merge d6c8a05 jk/report-fail-to-read-objects-better later to maint).
+
+ * "git log -2master" is a common typo that shows two commits starting
+   from whichever random branch that is not 'master' that happens to
+   be checked out currently.
+   (merge e3fa568 jc/revision-dash-count-parsing later to maint).
+
+ * Code to avoid adding the same alternate object store twice was
+   subtly broken for a long time, but nobody seems to have noticed.
+   (merge 80b4785 rs/fix-alt-odb-path-comparison later to maint).
+   (merge 539e750 ek/alt-odb-entry-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The "%<(10,trunc)%s" pretty format specifier in the log family of
+   commands is used to truncate the string to a given length (e.g. 10
+   in the example) with padding to column-align the output, but did
+   not take into account that number of bytes and number of display
+   columns are different.
+   (merge 7d50987 as/pretty-truncate later to maint).
+
+ * "%G" (nothing after G) is an invalid pretty format specifier, but
+   the parser did not notice it as garbage.
+   (merge 958b2eb jk/pretty-G-format-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * A handful of code paths had to read the commit object more than
+   once when showing header fields that are usually not parsed.  The
+   internal data structure to keep track of the contents of the commit
+   object has been updated to reduce the need for this double-reading,
+   and to allow the caller find the length of the object.
+   (merge 218aa3a jk/commit-buffer-length later to maint).
+
+ * The "mailmap.file" configuration option did not support tilde
+   expansion (i.e. ~user/path and ~/path).
+   (merge 9352fd5 ow/config-mailmap-pathname later to maint).
+
+ * The completion scripts (in contrib/) did not know about quite a few
+   options that are common between "git merge" and "git pull", and a
+   couple of options unique to "git merge".
+   (merge 8fee872 jk/complete-merge-pull later to maint).
+
+ * The unix-domain socket used by the sample credential cache daemon
+   tried to unlink an existing stale one at a wrong path, if the path
+   to the socket was given as an overlong path that does not fit in
+   the sun_path member of the sockaddr_un structure.
+   (merge 2869b3e rs/fix-unlink-unix-socket later to maint).
+
+ * An ancient rewrite passed a wrong pointer to a curl library
+   function in a rarely used code path.
+   (merge 479eaa8 ah/fix-http-push later to maint).
+
+ * "--ignore-space-change" option of "git apply" ignored the spaces
+   at the beginning of lines too aggressively, which is inconsistent
+   with the option of the same name that "diff" and "git diff" have.
+   (merge 14d3bb4 jc/apply-ignore-whitespace later to maint).
+
+ * "git blame" miscounted the number of columns needed to show localized
+   timestamps, resulting in a jaggy left-side-edge for the source code
+   lines in its output.
+   (merge dd75553 jx/blame-align-relative-time later to maint).
+
+ * "git blame" assigned the blame to the copy in the working-tree if
+   the repository is set to core.autocrlf=input and the file used CRLF
+   line endings.
+   (merge 4d4813a bc/blame-crlf-test later to maint).
+
+ * "git clone -b brefs/tags/bar" would have mistakenly thought we were
+   following a single tag, even though it was a name of the branch,
+   because it incorrectly used strstr().
+   (merge 60a5f5f jc/fix-clone-single-starting-at-a-tag later to maint).
+
+ * "git commit --allow-empty-message -C $commit" did not work when the
+   commit did not have any log message.
+   (merge 076cbd6 jk/commit-C-pick-empty later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff --find-copies-harder" sometimes pretended as if the mode
+   bits have changed for paths that are marked with the assume-unchanged
+   bit.
+   (merge 5304810 jk/diff-files-assume-unchanged later to maint).
+
+ * "filter-branch" left an empty single-parent commit that results when
+   all parents of a merge commit get mapped to the same commit, even
+   under "--prune-empty".
+   (merge 79bc4ef cb/filter-branch-prune-empty-degenerate-merges later to maint).
+
+ * "git format-patch" did not enforce the rule that the "--follow"
+   option from the log/diff family of commands must be used with
+   exactly one pathspec.
+   (merge dd63f16 jk/diff-follow-must-take-one-pathspec later to maint).
+
+ * "git gc --auto" was recently changed to run in the background to
+   give control back early to the end-user sitting in front of the
+   terminal, but it forgot that housekeeping involving reflogs should
+   be done without other processes competing for accesses to the refs.
+   (merge 62aad18 nd/daemonize-gc later to maint).
+
+ * "git grep -O" to show the lines that hit in the pager did not work
+   well with case insensitive search.  We now spawn "less" with its
+   "-I" option when it is used as the pager (which is the default).
+   (merge f7febbe sk/spawn-less-case-insensitively-from-grep-O-i later to maint).
+
+ * We used to disable threaded "git index-pack" on platforms without
+   thread-safe pread(); use a different workaround for such
+   platforms to allow threaded "git index-pack".
+   (merge 3953949 nd/index-pack-one-fd-per-thread later to maint).
+
+ * The error reporting from "git index-pack" has been improved to
+   distinguish missing objects from type errors.
+   (merge 77583e7 jk/index-pack-report-missing later to maint).
+
+ * "log --show-signature" incorrectly decided the color to paint a
+   mergetag that was and was not correctly validated.
+   (merge 42c55ce mg/fix-log-mergetag-color later to maint).
+
+ * "log --show-signature" did not pay attention to the "--graph" option.
+   (merge cf3983d zk/log-graph-showsig later to maint).
+
+ * "git mailinfo" used to read beyond the ends of header strings while
+   parsing an incoming e-mail message to extract the patch.
+   (merge b1a013d rs/mailinfo-header-cmp later to maint).
+
+ * On a case insensitive filesystem, merge-recursive incorrectly
+   deleted the file that is to be renamed to a name that is the same
+   except for case differences.
+   (merge baa37bf dt/merge-recursive-case-insensitive later to maint).
+
+ * Merging changes into a file that ends in an incomplete line made the
+   last line into a complete one, even when the other branch did not
+   change anything around the end of file.
+   (merge ba31180 mk/merge-incomplete-files later to maint).
+
+ * "git pack-objects" unnecessarily copied the previous contents when
+   extending the hashtable, even though it will populate the table
+   from scratch anyway.
+   (merge fb79947 rs/pack-objects-no-unnecessary-realloc later to maint).
+
+ * Recent updates to "git repack" started to duplicate objects that
+   are in packfiles marked with the .keep flag into the new packfile by
+   mistake.
+   (merge d078d85 jk/repack-pack-keep-objects later to maint).
+
+ * "git rerere forget" did not work well when merge.conflictstyle
+   was set to a non-default value.
+   (merge de3d8bb fc/rerere-conflict-style later to maint).
+
+ * "git remote rm" and "git remote prune" can involve removing many
+   refs at once, which is not a very efficient thing to do when very
+   many refs exist in the packed-refs file.
+   (merge e6bea66 jl/remote-rm-prune later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --exclude=<glob> --all | git shortlog" worked as expected,
+   but "git shortlog --exclude=<glob> --all", which is supposed to be
+   identical to the above pipeline, was not accepted at the command
+   line argument parser level.
+   (merge eb07774 jc/shortlog-ref-exclude later to maint).
+
+ * The autostash mode of "git rebase -i" did not restore the dirty
+   working tree state if the user aborted the interactive rebase by
+   emptying the insn sheet.
+   (merge ddb5432 rr/rebase-autostash-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase --fork-point" did not filter out patch-identical
+   commits correctly.
+
+ * During "git rebase --merge", a conflicted patch could not be
+   skipped with "--skip" if the next one also conflicted.
+   (merge 95104c7 bc/fix-rebase-merge-skip later to maint).
+
+ * "git show -s" (i.e. show log message only) used to incorrectly emit
+   an extra blank line after a merge commit.
+   (merge ad2f725 mk/show-s-no-extra-blank-line-for-merges later to maint).
+
+ * "git status", even though it is a read-only operation, tries to
+   update the index with refreshed lstat(2) info to optimize future
+   accesses to the working tree opportunistically, but this could
+   race with a "read-write" operation that modifies the index while it
+   is running.  Detect such a race and avoid overwriting the index.
+   (merge 426ddee ym/fix-opportunistic-index-update-race later to maint).
+
+ * "git status" (and "git commit") behaved as if changes in a modified
+   submodule are not there if submodule.*.ignore configuration is set,
+   which was misleading.  The configuration is only to unclutter diff
+   output during the course of development, and not to hide
+   changes in the "status" output to cause the users forget to commit
+   them.
+   (merge c215d3d jl/status-added-submodule-is-never-ignored later to maint).
+
+ * Documentation for "git submodule sync" forgot to say that the subcommand
+   can take the "--recursive" option.
+   (merge 9393ae7 mc/doc-submodule-sync-recurse later to maint).
+
+ * "git update-index --cacheinfo" in 2.0 release crashed on a
+   malformed command line.
+   (merge c8e1ee4 jc/rev-parse-argh-dashed-multi-words later to maint).
+
+ * The mode to run tests with HTTP server tests disabled was broken.
+   (merge afa53fe na/no-http-test-in-the-middle later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..830fc3cc6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+Git v2.1.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * Git 2.0 had a regression where "git fetch" into a shallowly
+   cloned repository from a repository with bitmap object index
+   enabled did not work correctly.  This has been corrected.
+
+ * Git 2.0 had a regression which broke (rarely used) "git diff-tree
+   -t".  This has been corrected.
+
+ * "git log --pretty/format=" with an empty format string did not
+   mean the more obvious "No output whatsoever" but "Use default
+   format", which was counterintuitive.  Now it means "nothing shown
+   for the log message part".
+
+ * "git -c section.var command" and "git -c section.var= command"
+   should pass the configuration differently (the former should be a
+   boolean true, the latter should be an empty string), but they
+   didn't work that way.  Now it does.
+
+ * Applying a patch not generated by Git in a subdirectory used to
+   check the whitespace breakage using the attributes for incorrect
+   paths. Also whitespace checks were performed even for paths
+   excluded via "git apply --exclude=<path>" mechanism.
+
+ * "git bundle create" with date-range specification were meant to
+   exclude tags outside the range, but it did not work correctly.
+
+ * "git add x" where x that used to be a directory has become a
+   symbolic link to a directory misbehaved.
+
+ * The prompt script checked $GIT_DIR/ref/stash file to see if there
+   is a stash, which was a no-no.
+
+ * "git checkout -m" did not switch to another branch while carrying
+   the local changes forward when a path was deleted from the index.
+
+ * With sufficiently long refnames, fast-import could have overflown
+   an on-stack buffer.
+
+ * After "pack-refs --prune" packed refs at the top-level, it failed
+   to prune them.
+
+ * "git gc --auto" triggered from "git fetch --quiet" was not quiet.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abc3b8928a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Git v2.1.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * "git push" over HTTP transport had an artificial limit on number of
+   refs that can be pushed imposed by the command line length.
+
+ * When receiving an invalid pack stream that records the same object
+   twice, multiple threads got confused due to a race.
+
+ * An attempt to remove the entire tree in the "git fast-import" input
+   stream caused it to misbehave.
+
+ * Reachability check (used in "git prune" and friends) did not add a
+   detached HEAD as a starting point to traverse objects still in use.
+
+ * "git config --add section.var val" used to lose existing
+   section.var whose value was an empty string.
+
+ * "git fsck" failed to report that it found corrupt objects via its
+   exit status in some cases.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..acc9ebb886
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Git v2.1.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+ * Some MUAs mangled a line in a message that begins with "From " to
+   ">From " when writing to a mailbox file and feeding such an input to
+   "git am" used to lose such a line.
+
+ * "git daemon" (with NO_IPV6 build configuration) used to incorrectly
+   use the hostname even when gethostbyname() reported that the given
+   hostname is not found.
+
+ * Newer versions of 'meld' breaks the auto-detection we use to see if
+   they are new enough to support the `--output` option.
+
+ * "git pack-objects" forgot to disable the codepath to generate
+   object recheability bitmap when it needs to split the resulting
+   pack.
+
+ * "gitweb" used deprecated CGI::startfrom, which was removed from
+   CGI.pm as of 4.04; use CGI::start_from instead.
+
+ * "git log" documentation had an example section marked up not
+   quite correctly, which passed AsciiDoc but failed with
+   AsciiDoctor.
+
+Also contains some documentation updates.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d16e5f041f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.1.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v2.1.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.1.3
+------------------
+
+ * We used to allow committing a path ".Git/config" with Git that is
+   running on a case sensitive filesystem, but an attempt to check out
+   such a path with Git that runs on a case insensitive filesystem
+   would have clobbered ".git/config", which is definitely not what
+   the user would have expected.  Git now prevents you from tracking
+   a path with ".Git" (in any case combination) as a path component.
+
+ * On Windows, certain path components that are different from ".git"
+   are mapped to ".git", e.g. "git~1/config" is treated as if it were
+   ".git/config".  HFS+ has a similar issue, where certain unicode
+   codepoints are ignored, e.g. ".g\u200cit/config" is treated as if
+   it were ".git/config".  Pathnames with these potential issues are
+   rejected on the affected systems.  Git on systems that are not
+   affected by this issue (e.g. Linux) can also be configured to
+   reject them to ensure cross platform interoperability of the hosted
+   projects.
+
+ * "git fsck" notices a tree object that records such a path that can
+   be confused with ".git", and with receive.fsckObjects configuration
+   set to true, an attempt to "git push" such a tree object will be
+   rejected.  Such a path may not be a problem on a well behaving
+   filesystem but in order to protect those on HFS+ and on case
+   insensitive filesystems, this check is enabled on all platforms.
+
+A big "thanks!" for bringing this issue to us goes to our friends in
+the Mercurial land, namely, Matt Mackall and Augie Fackler.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e98ecbcff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+Git v2.2 Release Notes
+======================
+
+Updates since v2.1
+------------------
+
+Ports
+
+ * Building on older MacOS X systems automatically sets
+   the necessary NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO build-time option.
+
+ * Building with NO_PTHREADS has been resurrected.
+
+ * Compilation options have been updated a bit to better support the
+   z/OS port.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * "git archive" learned to filter what gets archived with a pathspec.
+
+ * "git config --edit --global" starts from a skeletal per-user
+   configuration file contents, instead of a total blank, when the
+   user does not already have any global config.  This immediately
+   reduces the need to later ask "Have you forgotten to set
+   core.user?", and we can add more to the template as we gain
+   more experience.
+
+ * "git stash list -p" used to be almost always a no-op because each
+   stash entry is represented as a merge commit.  It learned to show
+   the difference between the base commit version and the working tree
+   version, which is in line with what "git stash show" gives.
+
+ * Sometimes users want to report a bug they experience on their
+   repository, but they are not at liberty to share the contents of
+   the repository.  "fast-export" was taught an "--anonymize" option
+   to replace blob contents, names of people, paths and log
+   messages with bland and simple strings to help them.
+
+ * "git difftool" learned an option to stop feeding paths to the
+   diff backend when it exits with a non-zero status.
+
+ * "git grep" learned to paint (or not paint) partial matches on
+   context lines when showing "grep -C<num>" output in color.
+
+ * "log --date=iso" uses a slight variant of the ISO 8601 format that is
+   more human readable.  A new "--date=iso-strict" option gives
+   datetime output that conforms more strictly.
+
+ * The logic "git prune" uses is more resilient against various corner
+   cases.
+
+ * A broken reimplementation of Git could write an invalid index that
+   records both stage #0 and higher-stage entries for the same path.
+   We now notice and reject such an index, as there is no sensible
+   fallback (we do not know if the broken tool wanted to resolve and
+   forgot to remove the higher-stage entries, or if it wanted to unresolve
+   and forgot to remove the stage #0 entry).
+
+ * The temporary files "git mergetool" uses are renamed to avoid too
+   many dots in them (e.g. a temporary file for "hello.c" used to be
+   named e.g. "hello.BASE.4321.c" but now uses underscore instead,
+   e.g. "hello_BASE_4321.c", to allow us to have multiple variants).
+
+ * The temporary files "git mergetool" uses can be placed in a newly
+   created temporary directory, instead of the current directory, by
+   setting the mergetool.writeToTemp configuration variable.
+
+ * "git mergetool" understands "--tool bc" now, as version 4 of
+   BeyondCompare can be driven the same way as its version 3 and it
+   feels awkward to say "--tool bc3" to run version 4.
+
+ * The "pre-receive" and "post-receive" hooks are no longer required
+   to consume their input fully (not following this requirement used
+   to result in intermittent errors in "git push").
+
+ * The pretty-format specifier "%d", which expands to " (tagname)"
+   for a tagged commit, gained a cousin "%D" that just gives the
+   "tagname" without frills.
+
+ * "git push" learned "--signed" push, that allows a push (i.e.
+   request to update the refs on the other side to point at a new
+   history, together with the transmission of necessary objects) to be
+   signed, so that it can be verified and audited, using the GPG
+   signature of the person who pushed, that the tips of branches at a
+   public repository really point the commits the pusher wanted to,
+   without having to "trust" the server.
+
+ * "git interpret-trailers" is a new filter to programmatically edit
+   the tail end of the commit log messages, e.g. "Signed-off-by:".
+
+ * "git help everyday" shows the "Everyday Git in 20 commands or so"
+   document, whose contents have been updated to match more modern
+   Git practice.
+
+ * On the "git svn" front, work progresses to reduce memory consumption and
+   to improve handling of mergeinfo.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * The API to manipulate the "refs" has been restructured to make it
+   more transactional, with the eventual goal to allow all-or-none
+   atomic updates and migrating the storage to something other than
+   the traditional filesystem based one (e.g. databases).
+
+ * The lockfile API and its users have been cleaned up.
+
+ * We no longer attempt to keep track of individual dependencies to
+   the header files in the build procedure, relying instead on automated
+   dependency generation support from modern compilers.
+
+ * In tests, we have been using NOT_{MINGW,CYGWIN} test prerequisites
+   long before negated prerequisites e.g. !MINGW were invented.
+   The former has been converted to the latter to avoid confusion.
+
+ * Optimized looking up a remote's configuration in a repository with very many
+   remotes defined.
+
+ * There are cases where you lock and open to write a file, close it
+   to show the updated contents to an external processes, and then have
+   to update the file again while still holding the lock; now the
+   lockfile API has support for such an access pattern.
+
+ * The API to allocate the structure to keep track of commit
+   decoration has been updated to make it less cumbersome to use.
+
+ * An in-core caching layer to let us avoid reading the same
+   configuration files several times has been added.  A few commands
+   have been converted to use this subsystem.
+
+ * Various code paths have been cleaned up and simplified by using
+   the "strbuf", "starts_with()", and "skip_prefix()" APIs more.
+
+ * A few codepaths that died when large blobs that would not fit in
+   core are involved in their operation have been taught to punt
+   instead, by e.g. marking a too-large blob as not to be diffed.
+
+ * A few more code paths in "commit" and "checkout" have been taught
+   to repopulate the cache-tree in the index, to help speed up later
+   "write-tree" (used in "commit") and "diff-index --cached" (used in
+   "status").
+
+ * A common programming mistake to assign the same short option name
+   to two separate options is detected by the parse_options() API to help
+   developers.
+
+ * The code path to write out the packed-refs file has been optimized,
+   which especially matters in a repository with a large number of
+   refs.
+
+ * The check to see if a ref $F can be created by making sure no
+   existing ref has $F/ as its prefix has been optimized, which
+   especially matters in a repository with a large number of existing
+   refs.
+
+ * "git fsck" was taught to check the contents of tag objects a bit more.
+
+ * "git hash-object" was taught a "--literally" option to help
+   debugging.
+
+ * When running a required clean filter, we do not have to mmap the
+   original before feeding the filter.  Instead, stream the file
+   contents directly to the filter and process its output.
+
+ * The scripts in the test suite can be run with the "-x" option to show
+   a shell-trace of each command they run.
+
+ * The "run-command" API learned to manage the argv and environment
+   arrays for child process, alleviating the need for the callers to
+   allocate and deallocate them.
+
+ * Some people use AsciiDoctor, instead of AsciiDoc, to format our
+   documentation set; the documentation has been adjusted to be usable
+   by both, as AsciiDoctor is pickier than AsciiDoc about its input
+   mark-up.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.1
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.1 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git log --pretty/format=" with an empty format string did not
+   mean the more obvious "No output whatsoever" but "Use default
+   format", which was counterintuitive.
+
+ * "git -c section.var command" and "git -c section.var= command"
+   should pass the configuration value differently (the former should be a
+   boolean true, the latter should be an empty string).
+
+ * Applying a patch not generated by Git in a subdirectory used to
+   check for whitespace breakage using the attributes of incorrect
+   paths. Also whitespace checks were performed even for paths
+   excluded via the "git apply --exclude=<path>" mechanism.
+
+ * "git bundle create" with a date-range specification was meant to
+   exclude tags outside the range, but it didn't.
+
+ * "git add x" where x used to be a directory and is now a
+   symbolic link to a directory misbehaved.
+
+ * The prompt script checked the $GIT_DIR/ref/stash file to see if there
+   is a stash, which was a no-no.
+
+ * Pack-protocol documentation had a minor typo.
+
+ * "git checkout -m" did not switch to another branch while carrying
+   the local changes forward when a path was deleted from the index.
+
+ * "git daemon" (with NO_IPV6 build configuration) used to incorrectly
+   use the hostname even when gethostbyname() reported that the given
+   hostname is not found.
+   (merge 107efbe rs/daemon-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * With sufficiently long refnames, "git fast-import" could have
+   overflowed an on-stack buffer.
+
+ * After "pack-refs --prune" packed refs at the top-level, it failed
+   to prune them.
+
+ * Progress output from "git gc --auto" was visible in "git fetch -q".
+
+ * We used to pass -1000 to poll(2), expecting it to also mean "no
+   timeout", which should be spelled as -1.
+
+ * "git rebase" documentation was unclear that it is required to
+   specify on what <upstream> the rebase is to be done when telling it
+   to first check out <branch>.
+   (merge 95c6826 so/rebase-doc later to maint).
+
+ * "git push" over HTTP transport had an artificial limit on the number of
+   refs that can be pushed, imposed by the command line length.
+   (merge 26be19b jk/send-pack-many-refspecs later to maint).
+
+ * When receiving an invalid pack stream that records the same object
+   twice, multiple threads got confused due to a race.
+   (merge ab791dd jk/index-pack-threading-races later to maint).
+
+ * An attempt to remove the entire tree in the "git fast-import" input
+   stream caused it to misbehave.
+   (merge 2668d69 mb/fast-import-delete-root later to maint).
+
+ * Reachability check (used in "git prune" and friends) did not add a
+   detached HEAD as a starting point to traverse objects still in use.
+   (merge c40fdd0 mk/reachable-protect-detached-head later to maint).
+
+ * "git config --add section.var val" when section.var already has an
+   empty-string value used to lose the empty-string value.
+   (merge c1063be ta/config-add-to-empty-or-true-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git fsck" failed to report that it found corrupt objects via its
+   exit status in some cases.
+   (merge 30d1038 jk/fsck-exit-code-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Use of the "--verbose" option used to break "git branch --merged".
+   (merge 12994dd jk/maint-branch-verbose-merged later to maint).
+
+ * Some MUAs mangle a line in a message that begins with "From " to
+   ">From " when writing to a mailbox file, and feeding such an input
+   to "git am" used to lose such a line.
+   (merge 85de86a jk/mbox-from-line later to maint).
+
+ * "rev-parse --verify --quiet $name" is meant to quietly exit with a
+   non-zero status when $name is not a valid object name, but still
+   gave error messages in some cases.
+
+ * A handful of C source files have been updated to include
+   "git-compat-util.h" as the first thing, to conform better to our
+   coding guidelines.
+   (merge 1c4b660 da/include-compat-util-first-in-c later to maint).
+
+ * The t7004 test, which tried to run Git with small stack space, has been
+   updated to use a bit larger stack to avoid false breakage on some
+   platforms.
+   (merge b9a1907 sk/tag-contains-wo-recursion later to maint).
+
+ * A few documentation pages had example sections marked up not quite
+   correctly, which passed AsciiDoc but failed with AsciiDoctor.
+   (merge c30c43c bc/asciidoc-pretty-formats-fix later to maint).
+   (merge f8a48af bc/asciidoc later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" used deprecated CGI::startfrom, which was removed from
+   CGI.pm as of 4.04; use CGI::start_from instead.
+   (merge 4750f4b rm/gitweb-start-form later to maint).
+
+ * Newer versions of 'meld' break the auto-detection we use to see if
+   they are new enough to support the `--output` option.
+   (merge b12d045 da/mergetool-meld later to maint).
+
+ * "git pack-objects" forgot to disable the codepath to generate the
+   object reachability bitmap when it needs to split the resulting
+   pack.
+   (merge 2113471 jk/pack-objects-no-bitmap-when-splitting later to maint).
+
+ * The code to use cache-tree trusted the on-disk data too much and
+   fell into an infinite loop upon seeing an incorrectly recorded
+   index file.
+   (merge 729dbbd jk/cache-tree-protect-from-broken-libgit2 later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" into a repository where branch B was deleted earlier,
+   back when it had reflog enabled, and then branch B/C is fetched
+   into it without reflog enabled, which is arguably an unlikely
+   corner case, unnecessarily failed.
+   (merge aae828b jk/fetch-reflog-df-conflict later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --first-parent -L..." used to crash.
+   (merge a8787c5 tm/line-log-first-parent later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d5a3cd9e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Git v2.2.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.2
+----------------
+
+ * We used to allow committing a path ".Git/config" with Git that is
+   running on a case sensitive filesystem, but an attempt to check out
+   such a path with Git that runs on a case insensitive filesystem
+   would have clobbered ".git/config", which is definitely not what
+   the user would have expected.  Git now prevents you from tracking
+   a path with ".Git" (in any case combination) as a path component.
+
+ * On Windows, certain path components that are different from ".git"
+   are mapped to ".git", e.g. "git~1/config" is treated as if it were
+   ".git/config".  HFS+ has a similar issue, where certain unicode
+   codepoints are ignored, e.g. ".g\u200cit/config" is treated as if
+   it were ".git/config".  Pathnames with these potential issues are
+   rejected on the affected systems.  Git on systems that are not
+   affected by this issue (e.g. Linux) can also be configured to
+   reject them to ensure cross platform interoperability of the hosted
+   projects.
+
+ * "git fsck" notices a tree object that records such a path that can
+   be confused with ".git", and with receive.fsckObjects configuration
+   set to true, an attempt to "git push" such a tree object will be
+   rejected.  Such a path may not be a problem on a well behaving
+   filesystem but in order to protect those on HFS+ and on case
+   insensitive filesystems, this check is enabled on all platforms.
+
+A big "thanks!" for bringing this issue to us goes to our friends in
+the Mercurial land, namely, Matt Mackall and Augie Fackler.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b19a35d94f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.2.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+Git v2.2.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.2.1
+------------------
+
+ * "git checkout $treeish $path", when $path in the index and the
+   working tree already matched what is in $treeish at the $path,
+   still overwrote the $path unnecessarily.
+
+ * "git config --get-color" did not parse its command line arguments
+   carefully.
+
+ * open() emulated on Windows platforms did not give EISDIR upon
+   an attempt to open a directory for writing.
+
+ * A few code paths used abs() when they should have used labs() on
+   long integers.
+
+ * "gitweb" used to depend on a behaviour recent CGI.pm deprecated.
+
+ * "git init" (hence "git clone") initialized the per-repository
+   configuration file .git/config with x-bit by mistake.
+
+ * Git 2.0 was supposed to make the "simple" mode for the default of
+   "git push", but it didn't.
+
+ * "Everyday" document had a broken link.
+
+ * The build procedure did not bother fixing perl and python scripts
+   when NO_PERL and NO_PYTHON build-time configuration changed.
+
+ * The code that reads the reflog from the newer to the older entries
+   did not handle an entry that crosses a boundary of block it uses to
+   read them correctly.
+
+ * "git apply" was described in the documentation to take --ignore-date
+   option, which it does not.
+
+ * Traditionally we tried to avoid interpreting date strings given by
+   the user as future dates, e.g. GIT_COMMITTER_DATE=2014-12-10 when
+   used early November 2014 was taken as "October 12, 2014" because it
+   is likely that a date in the future, December 10, is a mistake.
+   This heuristics has been loosened to allow people to express future
+   dates (most notably, --until=<date> may want to be far in the
+   future) and we no longer tiebreak by future-ness of the date when
+
+    (1) ISO-like format is used, and
+    (2) the string can make sense interpreted as both y-m-d and y-d-m.
+
+   Git may still have to use the heuristics to tiebreak between dd/mm/yy
+   and mm/dd/yy, though.
+
+ * The code to abbreviate an object name to its short unique prefix
+   has been optimized when no abbreviation was requested.
+
+ * "git add --ignore-errors ..." did not ignore an error to
+   give a file that did not exist.
+
+ * Git did not correctly read an overlong refname from a packed refs
+   file.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e3c639c840
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+Git v2.3 Release Notes
+======================
+
+This one ended up to be a release with lots of small corrections and
+improvements without big uncomfortably exciting features.  The recent
+security fix that went to 2.2.1 and older maintenance tracks is also
+contained in this update.
+
+
+Updates since v2.2
+------------------
+
+Ports
+
+ * Recent gcc toolchain on Cygwin started throwing compilation warning,
+   which has been squelched.
+
+ * A few updates to build on platforms that lack tv_nsec,
+   clock_gettime, CLOCK_MONOTONIC and HMAC_CTX_cleanup (e.g. older
+   RHEL) have been added.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * It was cumbersome to use "GIT_SSH" mechanism when the user wanted
+   to pass an extra set of arguments to the underlying ssh.  A new
+   environment variable GIT_SSH_COMMAND can be used for this.
+
+ * A request to store an empty note via "git notes" meant to remove
+   note from the object but with --allow-empty we will store a
+   (surprise!)  note that is empty.
+
+ * "git interpret-trailers" learned to properly handle the
+   "Conflicts:" block at the end.
+
+ * "git am" learned "--message-id" option to copy the message ID of
+   the incoming e-mail to the log message of resulting commit.
+
+ * "git clone --reference=<over there>" learned the "--dissociate"
+   option to go with it; it borrows objects from the reference object
+   store while cloning only to reduce network traffic and then
+   dissociates the resulting clone from the reference by performing
+   local copies of borrowed objects.
+
+ * "git send-email" learned "--transfer-encoding" option to force a
+   non-fault Content-Transfer-Encoding header (e.g. base64).
+
+ * "git send-email" normally identifies itself via X-Mailer: header in
+   the message it sends out.  A new command line flag --no-xmailer
+   allows the user to squelch the header.
+
+ * "git push" into a repository with a working tree normally refuses
+   to modify the branch that is checked out.  The command learned to
+   optionally do an equivalent of "git reset --hard" only when there
+   is no change to the working tree and the index instead, which would
+   be useful to "deploy" by pushing into a repository.
+
+ * "git new-workdir" (in contrib/) can be used to populate an empty
+   and existing directory now.
+
+ * Credential helpers are asked in turn until one of them give
+   positive response, which is cumbersome to turn off when you need to
+   run Git in an automated setting.  The credential helper interface
+   learned to allow a helper to say "stop, don't ask other helpers."
+   Also GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT environment can be set to false to disable
+   our built-in prompt mechanism for passwords.
+
+ * "git branch -d" (delete) and "git branch -m" (move) learned to
+   honor "-f" (force) flag; unlike many other subcommands, the way to
+   force these have been with separate "-D/-M" options, which was
+   inconsistent.
+
+ * "diff-highlight" filter (in contrib/) allows its color output to be
+   customized via configuration variables.
+
+ * "git imap-send" learned to take "-v" (verbose) and "-q" (quiet)
+   command line options.
+
+ * "git remote add $name $URL" is now allowed when "url.$URL.insteadOf"
+   is already defined.
+
+ * "git imap-send" now can be built to use cURL library to talk to
+   IMAP servers (if the library is recent enough, of course).
+   This allows you to use authenticate method other than CRAM-MD5,
+   among other things.
+
+ * "git imap-send" now allows GIT_CURL_VERBOSE environment variable to
+   control the verbosity when talking via the cURL library.
+
+ * The prompt script (in contrib/) learned to optionally hide prompt
+   when in an ignored directory by setting GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED
+   shell variable.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * Earlier we made "rev-list --object-edge" more aggressively list the
+   objects at the edge commits, in order to reduce number of objects　
+   fetched into a shallow repository, but the change affected cases
+   other than "fetching into a shallow repository" and made it
+   unusably slow (e.g. fetching into a normal repository should not
+   have to suffer the overhead from extra processing).  Limit it to a
+   more specific case by introducing --objects-edge-aggressive, a new
+   option to rev-list.
+
+ * Squelched useless compiler warnings on Mac OS X regarding the
+   crypto API.
+
+ * The procedure to generate unicode table has been simplified.
+
+ * Some filesystems assign filemodes in a strange way, fooling then
+   automatic "filemode trustability" check done during a new
+   repository creation.  The initialization codepath has been hardened
+   against this issue.
+
+ * The codepath in "git remote update --prune" to drop many refs has
+   been optimized.
+
+ * The API into get_merge_bases*() family of functions was easy to
+   misuse, which has been corrected to make it harder to do so.
+
+ * Long overdue departure from the assumption that S_IFMT is shared by
+   everybody made in 2005, which was necessary to port to z/OS.
+
+ * "git push" and "git fetch" did not communicate an overlong refname
+   correctly.  Now it uses 64kB sideband to accommodate longer ones.
+
+ * Recent GPG changes the keyring format and drops support for RFC1991
+   formatted signatures, breaking our existing tests.
+
+ * "git-prompt" (in contrib/) used a variable from the global scope,
+   possibly contaminating end-user's namespace.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.2
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.2 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git http-push" over WebDAV (aka dumb http-push) was broken in
+   v2.2.2 when parsing a symbolic ref, resulting in a bogus request
+   that gets rejected by recent versions of cURL library.
+   (merge f6786c8 jk/http-push-symref-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The logic in "git bisect bad HEAD" etc. to avoid forcing the test
+   of the common ancestor of bad and good commits was broken.
+   (merge 07913d5 cc/bisect-rev-parsing later to maint).
+
+ * "git checkout-index --temp=$target $path" did not work correctly
+   for paths outside the current subdirectory in the project.
+   (merge 74c4de5 es/checkout-index-temp later to maint).
+
+ * The report from "git checkout" on a branch that builds on another
+   local branch by setting its branch.*.merge to branch name (not a
+   full refname) incorrectly said that the upstream is gone.
+   (merge 05e7368 jc/checkout-local-track-report later to maint).
+
+ * With The git-prompt support (in contrib/), using the exit status of
+   the last command in the prompt, e.g.  PS1='$(__git_ps1) $? ', did
+   not work well, because the helper function stomped on the exit
+   status.
+   (merge 6babe76 tf/prompt-preserve-exit-status later to maint).
+
+ * Recent update to "git commit" broke amending an existing commit
+   with bogus author/committer lines without a valid e-mail address.
+   (merge c83a509 jk/commit-date-approxidate later to maint).
+
+ * The lockfile API used to get confused which file to clean up when
+   the process moved the $cwd after creating a lockfile.
+   (merge fa137f6 nd/lockfile-absolute later to maint).
+
+ * Traditionally we tried to avoid interpreting date strings given by
+   the user as future dates, e.g. GIT_COMMITTER_DATE=2014-12-10 when
+   used early November 2014 was taken as "October 12, 2014" because it
+   is likely that a date in the future, December 10, is a mistake.
+   This heuristics has been loosened to allow people to express future
+   dates (most notably, --until=<date> may want to be far in the
+   future) and we no longer tiebreak by future-ness of the date when
+
+    (1) ISO-like format is used, and
+    (2) the string can make sense interpreted as both y-m-d and y-d-m.
+
+   Git may still have to use the heuristics to tiebreak between dd/mm/yy
+   and mm/dd/yy, though.
+   (merge d372395 jk/approxidate-avoid-y-d-m-over-future-dates later to maint).
+
+ * Git did not correctly read an overlong refname from a packed refs
+   file.
+   (merge ea41783 jk/read-packed-refs-without-path-max later to maint).
+
+ * "git apply" was described in the documentation to take --ignore-date
+   option, which it does not.
+   (merge 0cef4e7 rw/apply-does-not-take-ignore-date later to maint).
+
+ * "git add -i" did not notice when the interactive command input
+   stream went away and kept asking the same question.
+   (merge a8bec7a jk/add-i-read-error later to maint).
+
+ * "git send-email" did not handle RFC 2047 encoded headers quite
+   right.
+   (merge ab47e2a rd/send-email-2047-fix later to maint).
+
+ * New tag object format validation added in 2.2 showed garbage after
+   a tagname it reported in its error message.
+   (merge a1e920a js/fsck-tag-validation later to maint).
+
+ * The code that reads the reflog from the newer to the older entries
+   did not handle an entry that crosses a boundary of block it uses to
+   read them correctly.
+   (merge 69216bf jk/for-each-reflog-ent-reverse later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff -B -M" after making a new copy B out of an existing file
+   A and then editing A extensively ought to report that B was created
+   by copying A and A was modified, which is what "git diff -C"
+   reports, but it instead said A was renamed to B and A was edited
+   heavily in place.  This was not just incoherent but also failed to
+   apply with "git apply".  The report has been corrected to match what
+   "git diff -C" produces for this case.
+   (merge 6936b58 jc/diff-b-m later to maint).
+
+ * In files we pre-populate for the user to edit with commented hints,
+   a line of hint that is indented with a tab used to show as '#' (or
+   any comment char), ' ' (space), and then the hint text that began
+   with the tab, which some editors flag as an indentation error (tab
+   following space).  We now omit the space after the comment char in
+   such a case.
+   (merge d55aeb7 jc/strbuf-add-lines-avoid-sp-ht-sequence later to maint).
+
+ * "git ls-tree" does not support path selection based on negative
+   pathspecs, but did not error out when negative pathspecs are given.
+   (merge f1f6224 nd/ls-tree-pathspec later to maint).
+
+ * The function sometimes returned a non-freeable memory and some
+   other times returned a piece of memory that must be freed, leading
+   to inevitable leaks.
+   (merge 59362e5 jc/exec-cmd-system-path-leak-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The code to abbreviate an object name to its short unique prefix
+   has been optimized when no abbreviation was requested.
+   (merge 61e704e mh/find-uniq-abbrev later to maint).
+
+ * "git add --ignore-errors ..." did not ignore an error to
+   give a file that did not exist.
+   (merge 1d31e5a mg/add-ignore-errors later to maint).
+
+ * "git checkout $treeish $path", when $path in the index and the
+   working tree already matched what is in $treeish at the $path,
+   still overwrote the $path unnecessarily.
+   (merge c5326bd jk/checkout-from-tree later to maint).
+
+ * "git config --get-color" did not parse its command line arguments
+   carefully.
+   (merge cb35722 jk/colors-fix later to maint).
+
+ * open() emulated on Windows platforms did not give EISDIR upon
+   an attempt to open a directory for writing.
+   (merge ba6fad0 js/windows-open-eisdir-error later to maint).
+
+ * A few code paths used abs() when they should have used labs() on
+   long integers.
+   (merge 83915ba rs/maint-config-use-labs later to maint).
+   (merge 31a8aa1 rs/receive-pack-use-labs later to maint).
+
+ * "gitweb" used to depend on a behaviour recent CGI.pm deprecated.
+   (merge 13dbf46 jk/gitweb-with-newer-cgi-multi-param later to maint).
+
+ * "git init" (hence "git clone") initialized the per-repository
+   configuration file .git/config with x-bit by mistake.
+   (merge 1f32ecf mh/config-flip-xbit-back-after-checking later to maint).
+
+ * Recent update in Git 2.2 started creating objects/info/packs and
+   info/refs files with permission bits tighter than user's umask.
+   (merge d91175b jk/prune-packed-server-info later to maint).
+
+ * Git 2.0 was supposed to make the "simple" mode for the default of
+   "git push", but it didn't.
+   (merge 00a6fa0 jk/push-simple later to maint).
+
+ * "Everyday" document had a broken link.
+   (merge 366c8d4 po/everyday-doc later to maint).
+
+ * A few test fixes.
+   (merge 880ef58 jk/no-perl-tests later to maint).
+
+ * The build procedure did not bother fixing perl and python scripts
+   when NO_PERL and NO_PYTHON build-time configuration changed.
+   (merge ca2051d jk/rebuild-perl-scripts-with-no-perl-seting-change later to maint).
+
+ * The usage string of "git log" command was marked incorrectly for
+   l10n.
+   (merge e66dc0c km/log-usage-string-i18n later to maint).
+
+ * "git for-each-ref" mishandled --format="%(upstream:track)" when a
+   branch is marked to have forked from a non-existing branch.
+   (merge b6160d9 rc/for-each-ref-tracking later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.1.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf96186288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+Git v2.3.1 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3
+----------------
+
+ * The interactive "show a list and let the user choose from it"
+   interface "add -i" used showed and prompted to the user even when
+   the candidate list was empty, against which the only "choice" the
+   user could have made was to choose nothing.
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" used to under-allocate the memory
+   when the fix resulted in a longer text than the original patch.
+
+ * "git log --help" used to show rev-list options that are irrelevant
+   to the "log" command.
+
+ * The error message from "git commit", when a non-existing author
+   name was given as value to the "--author=" parameter, has been
+   reworded to avoid misunderstanding.
+
+ * A broken pack .idx file in the receiving repository prevented the
+   dumb http transport from fetching a good copy of it from the other
+   side.
+
+ * The documentation incorrectly said that C(opy) and R(ename) are the
+   only ones that can be followed by the score number in the output in
+   the --raw format.
+
+ * Fix a misspelled conditional that is always true.
+
+ * Code to read branch name from various files in .git/ directory
+   would have misbehaved if the code to write them left an empty file.
+
+ * The "git push" documentation made the "--repo=<there>" option
+   easily misunderstood.
+
+ * After attempting and failing a password-less authentication
+   (e.g. kerberos), libcURL refuses to fall back to password based
+   Basic authentication without a bit of help/encouragement.
+
+ * Setting diff.submodule to 'log' made "git format-patch" produce
+   broken patches.
+
+ * "git rerere" (invoked internally from many mergy operations) did
+   not correctly signal errors when told to update the working tree
+   files and failed to do so for whatever reason.
+
+ * "git blame HEAD -- missing" failed to correctly say "HEAD" when it
+   tried to say "No such path 'missing' in HEAD".
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.2.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93462e45c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+Git v2.3.2 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.1
+------------------
+
+ * "update-index --refresh" used to leak when an entry cannot be
+   refreshed for whatever reason.
+
+ * "git fast-import" used to crash when it could not close and
+   conclude the resulting packfile cleanly.
+
+ * "git blame" died, trying to free an uninitialized piece of memory.
+
+ * "git merge-file" did not work correctly in a subdirectory.
+
+ * "git submodule add" failed to squash "path/to/././submodule" to
+   "path/to/submodule".
+
+ * In v2.2.0, we broke "git prune" that runs in a repository that
+   borrows from an alternate object store.
+
+ * Certain older vintages of cURL give irregular output from
+   "curl-config --vernum", which confused our build system.
+
+ * An earlier workaround to squelch unhelpful deprecation warnings
+   from the compiler on Mac OSX unnecessarily set minimum required
+   version of the OS, which the user might want to raise (or lower)
+   for other reasons.
+
+ * Longstanding configuration variable naming rules has been added to
+   the documentation.
+
+ * The credential helper for Windows (in contrib/) used to mishandle
+   a user name with an at-sign in it.
+
+ * Older GnuPG implementations may not correctly import the keyring
+   material we prepare for the tests to use.
+
+ * Clarify in the documentation that "remote.<nick>.pushURL" and
+   "remote.<nick>.URL" are there to name the same repository accessed
+   via different transports, not two separate repositories.
+
+ * The pack bitmap support did not build with older versions of GCC.
+
+ * Reading configuration from a blob object, when it ends with a lone
+   CR, use to confuse the configuration parser.
+
+ * We didn't format an integer that wouldn't fit in "int" but in
+   "uintmax_t" correctly.
+
+ * "git push --signed" gave an incorrectly worded error message when
+   the other side did not support the capability.
+
+ * "git fetch" over a remote-helper that cannot respond to "list"
+   command could not fetch from a symbolic reference e.g. HEAD.
+
+ * The insn sheet "git rebase -i" creates did not fully honor
+   core.abbrev settings.
+
+ * The tests that wanted to see that file becomes unreadable after
+   running "chmod a-r file", and the tests that wanted to make sure it
+   is not run as root, we used "can we write into the / directory?" as
+   a cheap substitute, but on some platforms that is not a good
+   heuristics.  The tests and their prerequisites have been updated to
+   check what they really require.
+
+ * The configuration variable 'mailinfo.scissors' was hard to
+   discover in the documentation.
+
+ * Correct a breakage to git-svn around v2.2 era that triggers
+   premature closing of FileHandle.
+
+ * Even though we officially haven't dropped Perl 5.8 support, the
+   Getopt::Long package that came with it does not support "--no-"
+   prefix to negate a boolean option; manually add support to help
+   people with older Getopt::Long package.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.3.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ef12644c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Git v2.3.3 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.2
+------------------
+
+ * A corrupt input to "git diff -M" used cause us to segfault.
+
+ * The borrowed code in kwset API did not follow our usual convention
+   to use "unsigned char" to store values that range from 0-255.
+
+ * Description given by "grep -h" for its --exclude-standard option
+   was phrased poorly.
+
+ * Documentaton for "git remote add" mentioned "--tags" and
+   "--no-tags" and it was not clear that fetch from the remote in
+   the future will use the default behaviour when neither is given
+   to override it.
+
+ * "git diff --shortstat --dirstat=changes" showed a dirstat based on
+   lines that was never asked by the end user in addition to the
+   dirstat that the user asked for.
+
+ * The interaction between "git submodule update" and the
+   submodule.*.update configuration was not clearly documented.
+
+ * "git apply" was not very careful about reading from, removing,
+   updating and creating paths outside the working tree (under
+   --index/--cached) or the current directory (when used as a
+   replacement for GNU patch).
+
+ * "git daemon" looked up the hostname even when "%CH" and "%IP"
+   interpolations are not requested, which was unnecessary.
+
+ * The "interpolated-path" option of "git daemon" inserted any string
+   client declared on the "host=" capability request without checking.
+   Sanitize and limit %H and %CH to a saner and a valid DNS name.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.4.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..094c7b853b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+Git v2.3.4 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.3
+------------------
+
+ * The 'color.status.unmerged' configuration was not described.
+
+ * "git log --decorate" did not reset colors correctly around the
+   branch names.
+
+ * "git -C '' subcmd" refused to work in the current directory, unlike
+   "cd ''" which silently behaves as a no-op.
+
+ * "git imap-send" learned to optionally talk with an IMAP server via
+   libcURL; because there is no other option when Git is built with
+   NO_OPENSSL option, use that codepath by default under such
+   configuration.
+
+ * A workaround for certain build of GPG that triggered false breakage
+   in a test has been added.
+
+ * "git rebase -i" recently started to include the number of
+   commits in the insn sheet to be processed, but on a platform
+   that prepends leading whitespaces to "wc -l" output, the numbers
+   are shown with extra whitespaces that aren't necessary.
+
+ * We did not parse username followed by literal IPv6 address in SSH
+   transport URLs, e.g. ssh://user@[2001:db8::1]:22/repo.git
+   correctly.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.5.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5b309db689
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.3.5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+Git v2.3.5 Release Notes
+========================
+
+Fixes since v2.3.4
+------------------
+
+ * The prompt script (in contrib/) did not show the untracked sign
+   when working in a subdirectory without any untracked files.
+
+ * Even though "git grep --quiet" is run merely to ask for the exit
+   status, we spawned the pager regardless.  Stop doing that.
+
+ * Recommend format-patch and send-email for those who want to submit
+   patches to this project.
+
+ * An failure early in the "git clone" that started creating the
+   working tree and repository could have resulted in some directories
+   and files left without getting cleaned up.
+
+ * "git fetch" that fetches a commit using the allow-tip-sha1-in-want
+   extension could have failed to fetch all the requested refs.
+
+ * The split-index mode introduced at v2.3.0-rc0~41 was broken in the
+   codepath to protect us against a broken reimplementation of Git
+   that writes an invalid index with duplicated index entries, etc.
+
+ * "git prune" used to largely ignore broken refs when deciding which
+   objects are still being used, which could spread an existing small
+   damage and make it a larger one.
+
+ * "git tag -h" used to show the "--column" and "--sort" options
+   that are about listing in a wrong section.
+
+ * The transfer.hiderefs support did not quite work for smart-http
+   transport.
+
+ * The code that reads from the ctags file in the completion script
+   (in contrib/) did not spell ${param/pattern/string} substitution
+   correctly, which happened to work with bash but not with zsh.
+
+ * The explanation on "rebase --preserve-merges", "pull --rebase=preserve",
+   and "push --force-with-lease" in the documentation was unclear.
+
+Also contains typofixes, documentation updates and trivial code clean-ups.
diff --git a/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.0.txt b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21df61c3be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+Git 2.4 Release Notes
+=====================
+
+Backward compatibility warning(s)
+---------------------------------
+
+This release has a few changes in the user-visible output from
+Porcelain commands. These are not meant to be parsed by scripts, but
+the users still may want to be aware of the changes:
+
+ * Output from "git log --decorate" (and "%d" format specifier used in
+   the userformat "--format=<string>" parameter "git log" family of
+   command takes) used to list "HEAD" just like other tips of branch
+   names, separated with a comma in between.  E.g.
+
+     $ git log --decorate -1 master
+     commit bdb0f6788fa5e3cacc4315e9ff318a27b2676ff4 (HEAD, master)
+     ...
+
+   This release updates the output slightly when HEAD refers to the tip
+   of a branch whose name is also shown in the output.  The above is
+   shown as:
+
+     $ git log --decorate -1 master
+     commit bdb0f6788fa5e3cacc4315e9ff318a27b2676ff4 (HEAD -> master)
+     ...
+
+ * The phrasing "git branch" uses to describe a detached HEAD has been
+   updated to match that of "git status":
+
+    - When the HEAD is at the same commit as it was originally
+      detached, they now both show "detached at <commit object name>".
+
+    - When the HEAD has moved since it was originally detached,
+      they now both show "detached from <commit object name>".
+
+    Earlier "git branch" always used "from"
+
+
+Updates since v2.3
+------------------
+
+Ports
+
+ * Our default I/O size (8 MiB) for large files was too large for some
+   platforms with smaller SSIZE_MAX, leading to read(2)/write(2)
+   failures.
+
+ * We did not check the curl library version before using
+   CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH feature that may not exist.
+
+ * We now detect number of CPUs on older BSD-derived systems.
+
+ * Portability fixes and workarounds for shell scripts have been added
+   to help BSD-derived systems.
+
+
+UI, Workflows & Features
+
+ * The command usage info strings given by "git cmd -h" and in
+   documentation have been tweaked for consistency.
+
+ * The "sync" subcommand of "git p4" now allows users to exclude
+   subdirectories like its "clone" subcommand does.
+
+ * "git log --invert-grep --grep=WIP" will show only commits that do
+   not have the string "WIP" in their messages.
+
+ * "git push" has been taught a "--atomic" option that makes push to
+   update more than one ref an "all-or-none" affair.
+
+ * Extending the "push to deploy" added in 2.3, the behaviour of "git
+   push" when updating the branch that is checked out can now be
+   tweaked by push-to-checkout hook.
+
+ * Using environment variable LANGUAGE and friends on the client side,
+   HTTP-based transports now send Accept-Language when making requests.
+
+ * "git send-email" used to accept a mistaken "y" (or "yes") as an
+   answer to "What encoding do you want to use [UTF-8]? " without
+   questioning.  Now it asks for confirmation when the answer looks
+   too short to be a valid encoding name.
+
+ * When "git apply --whitespace=fix" fixed whitespace errors in the
+   common context lines, the command reports that it did so.
+
+ * "git status" now allows the "-v" to be given twice to show the
+   differences that are left in the working tree not to be committed.
+
+ * "git cherry-pick" used to clean-up the log message even when it is
+   merely replaying an existing commit.  It now replays the message
+   verbatim unless you are editing the message of resulting commits.
+
+ * "git archive" can now be told to set the 'text' attribute in the
+   resulting zip archive.
+
+ * Output from "git log --decorate" mentions HEAD when it points at a
+   tip of an branch differently from a detached HEAD.
+
+   This is a potentially backward-incompatible change.
+
+ * "git branch" on a detached HEAD always said "(detached from xyz)",
+   even when "git status" would report "detached at xyz".  The HEAD is
+   actually at xyz and haven't been moved since it was detached in
+   such a case, but the user cannot read what the current value of
+   HEAD is when "detached from" is used.
+
+ * "git -C '' subcmd" refused to work in the current directory, unlike
+   "cd ''" which silently behaves as a no-op.
+   (merge 6a536e2 kn/git-cd-to-empty later to maint).
+
+ * The versionsort.prerelease configuration variable can be used to
+   specify that v1.0-pre1 comes before v1.0.
+
+ * A new "push.followTags" configuration turns the "--follow-tags"
+   option on by default for the "git push" command.
+
+ * "git log --graph --no-walk A B..." is a conflicting request that
+   asks nonsense; no-walk tells us show discrete points in the
+   history, while graph asks to draw connections between these
+   discrete points. Forbid the combination.
+
+ * "git rev-list --bisect --first-parent" does not work (yet) and can
+   even cause SEGV; forbid it.  "git log --bisect --first-parent"
+   would not be useful until "git bisect --first-parent" materializes,
+   so it is also forbidden for now.
+
+
+Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
+
+ * Implementation of N_() macro has been updated slightly to help us
+   detect mistakes.
+
+ * Implementation of "reflog expire" has been restructured to fit the
+   reflogs better with the recently updated ref API.
+
+ * The transport-helper did not give transport options such as
+   verbosity, progress, cloning, etc. to import and export based
+   helpers, like it did for fetch and push based helpers, robbing them
+   the chance to honor the wish of the end-users better.
+
+ * The tests that wanted to see that file becomes unreadable after
+   running "chmod a-r file", and the tests that wanted to make sure it
+   is not run as root, we used "can we write into the / directory?" as
+   a cheap substitute, but on some platforms that is not a good
+   heuristics.  The tests and their prerequisites have been updated to
+   check what they really require.
+   (merge f400e51 jk/sanity later to maint).
+
+ * Various issues around "reflog expire", e.g. using --updateref when
+   expiring a reflog for a symbolic reference, have been corrected
+   and/or made saner.
+
+ * The strbuf API was explained between the API documentation and in
+   the header file.  Move missing bits to strbuf.h so that programmers
+   can check only one place for all necessary information.
+
+ * The error handling functions and conventions are now documented in
+   the API manual.
+
+ * Optimize attribute look-up, mostly useful in "git grep" on a
+   project that does not use many attributes, by avoiding it when we
+   (should) know that the attributes are not defined in the first
+   place.
+
+ * Typofix in comments.
+   (merge ef2956a ak/git-pm-typofix later to maint).
+
+ * Code clean-up.
+   (merge 0b868f0 sb/hex-object-name-is-at-most-41-bytes-long later to maint).
+   (merge 5d30851 dp/remove-duplicated-header-inclusion later to maint).
+
+ * Simplify the ref transaction API around how "the ref should be
+   pointing at this object" is specified.
+
+ * Code in "git daemon" to parse out and hold hostnames used in
+   request interpolation has been simplified.
+
+ * "git push" codepath has been restructured to make it easier to add
+   new configuration bits.
+
+ * The run-command interface was easy to abuse and make a pipe for us
+   to read from the process, wait for the process to finish and then
+   attempt to read its output, which is a pattern that lead to a
+   deadlock.  Fix such uses by introducing a helper to do this
+   correctly (i.e. we need to read first and then wait the process to
+   finish) and also add code to prevent such abuse in the run-command
+   helper.
+
+ * People often forget to chain the commands in their test together
+   with &&, leaving a failure from an earlier command in the test go
+   unnoticed.  The new GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT mechanism allows you to
+   catch such a mistake more easily.
+
+
+Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
+
+
+Fixes since v2.3
+----------------
+
+Unless otherwise noted, all the fixes since v2.3 in the maintenance
+track are contained in this release (see the maintenance releases'
+notes for details).
+
+ * "git blame HEAD -- missing" failed to correctly say "HEAD" when it
+   tried to say "No such path 'missing' in HEAD".
+   (merge a46442f jk/blame-commit-label later to maint).
+
+ * "git rerere" (invoked internally from many mergy operations) did
+   not correctly signal errors when told to update the working tree
+   files and failed to do so for whatever reason.
+   (merge 89ea903 jn/rerere-fail-on-auto-update-failure later to maint).
+
+ * Setting diff.submodule to 'log' made "git format-patch" produce
+   broken patches.
+   (merge 339de50 dk/format-patch-ignore-diff-submodule later to maint).
+
+ * After attempting and failing a password-less authentication
+   (e.g. Kerberos), libcURL refuses to fall back to password based
+   Basic authentication without a bit of help/encouragement.
+   (merge 4dbe664 bc/http-fallback-to-password-after-krb-fails later to maint).
+
+ * The "git push" documentation made the "--repo=<there>" option
+   easily misunderstood.
+   (merge 57b92a7 mg/push-repo-option-doc later to maint).
+
+ * Code to read branch name from various files in .git/ directory
+   would have misbehaved if the code to write them left an empty file.
+   (merge 66ec904 jk/status-read-branch-name-fix later to maint).
+
+ * A misspelled conditional that is always true has been fixed.
+   (merge 94ee8e2 jk/remote-curl-an-array-in-struct-cannot-be-null later to maint).
+
+ * The documentation incorrectly said that C(opy) and R(ename) are the
+   only ones that can be followed by the score number in the output in
+   the --raw format.
+   (merge ac1c2d9 jc/diff-format-doc later to maint).
+
+ * A broken pack .idx file in the receiving repository prevented the
+   dumb http transport from fetching a good copy of it from the other
+   side.
+   (merge 8b9c2dd jk/dumb-http-idx-fetch-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The error message from "git commit", when a non-existing author
+   name was given as value to the "--author=" parameter, has been
+   reworded to avoid misunderstanding.
+   (merge 1044b1f mg/commit-author-no-match-malformed-message later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --help" used to show rev-list options that are irrelevant
+   to the "log" command.
+   (merge 3cab02d jc/doc-log-rev-list-options later to maint).
+
+ * "git apply --whitespace=fix" used to under-allocate the memory when
+   the fix resulted in a longer text than the original patch.
+   (merge 407a792 jc/apply-ws-fix-expands later to maint).
+
+ * The interactive "show a list and let the user choose from it"
+   interface "add -i" used showed and prompted to the user even when
+   the candidate list was empty, against which the only "choice" the
+   user could have made was to choose nothing.
+   (merge a9c4641 ak/add-i-empty-candidates later to maint).
+
+ * The insn sheet "git rebase -i" creates did not fully honor
+   core.abbrev settings.
+   (merge edb72d5 ks/rebase-i-abbrev later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" over a remote-helper that cannot respond to "list"
+   command could not fetch from a symbolic reference e.g. HEAD.
+   (merge 33cae54 mh/deref-symref-over-helper-transport later to maint).
+
+ * "git push --signed" gave an incorrectly worded error message when
+   the other side did not support the capability.
+   (merge 45917f0 jc/push-cert later to maint).
+
+ * We didn't format an integer that wouldn't fit in "int" but in
+   "uintmax_t" correctly.
+   (merge d306f3d jk/decimal-width-for-uintmax later to maint).
+
+ * Reading configuration from a blob object, when it ends with a lone
+   CR, use to confuse the configuration parser.
+   (merge 1d0655c jk/config-no-ungetc-eof later to maint).
+
+ * The pack bitmap support did not build with older versions of GCC.
+   (merge bd4e882 jk/pack-bitmap later to maint).
+
+ * The documentation wasn't clear that "remote.<nick>.pushURL" and
+   "remote.<nick>.URL" are there to name the same repository accessed
+   via different transports, not two separate repositories.
+   (merge 697f652 jc/remote-set-url-doc later to maint).
+
+ * Older GnuPG implementations may not correctly import the keyring
+   material we prepare for the tests to use.
+   (merge 1f985d6 ch/new-gpg-drops-rfc-1991 later to maint).
+
+ * The credential helper for Windows (in contrib/) used to mishandle
+   a user name with an at-sign in it.
+   (merge 13d261e av/wincred-with-at-in-username-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Longstanding configuration variable naming rules has been added to
+   the documentation.
+   (merge 35840a3 jc/conf-var-doc later to maint).
+
+ * An earlier workaround to squelch unhelpful deprecation warnings
+   from the compiler on Mac OSX unnecessarily set minimum required
+   version of the OS, which the user might want to raise (or lower)
+   for other reasons.
+   (merge 88c03eb es/squelch-openssl-warnings-on-macosx later to maint).
+
+ * Certain older vintages of cURL give irregular output from
+   "curl-config --vernum", which confused our build system.
+   (merge 3af6792 tc/curl-vernum-output-broken-in-7.11 later to maint).
+
+ * In v2.2.0, we broke "git prune" that runs in a repository that
+   borrows from an alternate object store.
+   (merge b0a4264 jk/prune-mtime later to maint).
+
+ * "git submodule add" failed to squash "path/to/././submodule" to
+   "path/to/submodule".
+   (merge 8196e72 ps/submodule-sanitize-path-upon-add later to maint).
+
+ * "git merge-file" did not work correctly in a subdirectory.
+   (merge 204a8ff ab/merge-file-prefix later to maint).
+
+ * "git blame" died, trying to free an uninitialized piece of memory.
+   (merge e600592 es/blame-commit-info-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git fast-import" used to crash when it could not close and
+   conclude the resulting packfile cleanly.
+   (merge 5e915f3 jk/fast-import-die-nicely-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "update-index --refresh" used to leak when an entry cannot be
+   refreshed for whatever reason.
+   (merge bc1c2ca sb/plug-leak-in-make-cache-entry later to maint).
+
+ * The "interpolated-path" option of "git daemon" inserted any string
+   client declared on the "host=" capability request without checking.
+   Sanitize and limit %H and %CH to a saner and a valid DNS name.
+   (merge b485373 jk/daemon-interpolate later to maint).
+
+ * "git daemon" looked up the hostname even when "%CH" and "%IP"
+   interpolations are not requested, which was unnecessary.
+   (merge dc8edc8 rs/daemon-interpolate later to maint).
+
+ * Even though we officially haven't dropped Perl 5.8 support, the
+   Getopt::Long package that came with it does not support "--no-"
+   prefix to negate a boolean option; manually add support to help
+   people with older Getopt::Long package.
+   (merge f471494 km/send-email-getopt-long-workarounds later to maint).
+
+ * "git apply" was not very careful about reading from, removing,
+   updating and creating paths outside the working tree (under
+   --index/--cached) or the current directory (when used as a
+   replacement for GNU patch).
+   (merge e0d201b jc/apply-beyond-symlink later to maint).
+
+ * A breakage to git-svn around v2.2 era that triggers premature
+   closing of FileHandle has been corrected.
+   (merge e426311 ew/svn-maint-fixes later to maint).
+
+ * We did not parse username followed by literal IPv6 address in SSH
+   transport URLs, e.g. ssh://user@[2001:db8::1]:22/repo.git
+   correctly.
+   (merge 3f55cca tb/connect-ipv6-parse-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The configuration variable 'mailinfo.scissors' was hard to
+   discover in the documentation.
+   (merge afb5de7 mm/am-c-doc later to maint).
+
+ * The interaction between "git submodule update" and the
+   submodule.*.update configuration was not clearly documented.
+   (merge 5c31acf ms/submodule-update-config-doc later to maint).
+
+ * "git diff --shortstat --dirstat=changes" showed a dirstat based on
+   lines that was never asked by the end user in addition to the
+   dirstat that the user asked for.
+   (merge ab27389 mk/diff-shortstat-dirstat-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git remote add" mentioned "--tags" and "--no-tags" and was not
+   clear that fetch from the remote in the future will use the default
+   behaviour when neither is given to override it.
+   (merge aaba0ab mg/doc-remote-tags-or-not later to maint).
+
+ * Description given by "grep -h" for its --exclude-standard option
+   was phrased poorly.
+   (merge 77fdb8a nd/grep-exclude-standard-help-fix later to maint).
+
+ * "git rebase -i" recently started to include the number of
+   commits in the insn sheet to be processed, but on a platform
+   that prepends leading whitespaces to "wc -l" output, the numbers
+   are shown with extra whitespaces that aren't necessary.
+   (merge 2185d3b es/rebase-i-count-todo later to maint).
+
+ * The borrowed code in kwset API did not follow our usual convention
+   to use "unsigned char" to store values that range from 0-255.
+   (merge 189c860 bw/kwset-use-unsigned later to maint).
+
+ * A corrupt input to "git diff -M" used to cause it to segfault.
+   (merge 4d6be03 jk/diffcore-rename-duplicate later to maint).
+
+ * Certain builds of GPG triggered false breakages in a test.
+   (merge 3f88c1b mg/verify-commit later to maint).
+
+ * "git imap-send" learned to optionally talk with an IMAP server via
+   libcURL; because there is no other option when Git is built with
+   NO_OPENSSL option, use that codepath by default under such
+   configuration.
+   (merge dcd01ea km/imap-send-libcurl-options later to maint).
+
+ * "git log --decorate" did not reset colors correctly around the
+   branch names.
+   (merge 5ee8758 jc/decorate-leaky-separator-color later to maint).
+
+ * The code that reads from the ctags file in the completion script
+   (in contrib/) did not spell ${param/pattern/string} substitution
+   correctly, which happened to work with bash but not with zsh.
+   (merge db8d750 js/completion-ctags-pattern-substitution-fix later to maint).
+
+ * The transfer.hiderefs support did not quite work for smart-http
+   transport.
+   (merge 8ddf3ca jk/smart-http-hide-refs later to maint).
+
+ * "git tag -h" used to show the "--column" and "--sort" options
+   that are about listing in a wrong section.
+   (merge dd059c6 jk/tag-h-column-is-a-listing-option later to maint).
+
+ * "git prune" used to largely ignore broken refs when deciding which
+   objects are still being used, which could spread an existing small
+   damage and make it a larger one.
+   (merge ea56c4e jk/prune-with-corrupt-refs later to maint).
+
+ * The split-index mode introduced at v2.3.0-rc0~41 was broken in the
+   codepath to protect us against a broken reimplementation of Git
+   that writes an invalid index with duplicated index entries, etc.
+   (merge 03f15a7 tg/fix-check-order-with-split-index later to maint).
+
+ * "git fetch" that fetches a commit using the allow-tip-sha1-in-want
+   extension could have failed to fetch all the requested refs.
+   (merge 32d0462 jk/fetch-pack later to maint).
+
+ * An failure early in the "git clone" that started creating the
+   working tree and repository could have resulted in some directories
+   and files left without getting cleaned up.
+   (merge 16eff6c jk/cleanup-failed-clone later to maint).
+
+ * Recommend format-patch and send-email for those who want to submit
+   patches to this project.
+   (merge b25c469 jc/submitting-patches-mention-send-email later to maint).
+
+ * Even though "git grep --quiet" is run merely to ask for the exit
+   status, we spawned the pager regardless.  Stop doing that.
+   (merge c2048f0 ws/grep-quiet-no-pager later to maint).
+
+ * The prompt script (in contrib/) did not show the untracked sign
+   when working in a subdirectory without any untracked files.
+   (merge 9bdc517 ct/prompt-untracked-fix later to maint).
+
+ * Code cleanups and documentation updates.
+   (merge 2ce63e9 rs/simple-cleanups later to maint).
+   (merge 33baa69 rj/no-xopen-source-for-cygwin later to maint).
+   (merge 817d03e jc/diff-test-updates later to maint).
+   (merge eb32c66 ak/t5516-typofix later to maint).
+   (merge bcd57cb mr/doc-clean-f-f later to maint).
+   (merge 0d6accc mg/doc-status-color-slot later to maint).
+   (merge 53e53c7 sg/completion-remote later to maint).
+   (merge 8fa7975 ak/git-done-help-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 9a6f128 rs/deflate-init-cleanup later to maint).
+   (merge 6f75d45 rs/use-isxdigit later to maint).
+   (merge 376e4b3 jk/test-annoyances later to maint).
+   (merge 7032054 nd/doc-git-index-version later to maint).
+   (merge e869c5e tg/test-index-v4 later to maint).
+   (merge 599d223 jk/simplify-csum-file-sha1fd-check later to maint).
+   (merge 260d585 sg/completion-gitcomp-nl-for-refs later to maint).
+   (merge 777c55a jc/report-path-error-to-dir later to maint).
+   (merge fddfaf8 ph/push-doc-cas later to maint).
+   (merge 129260c ss/pull-rebase-preserve later to maint).
diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
index 0dbf2c9843..98fc4cc1d0 100644
--- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
+++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches
@@ -1,65 +1,5 @@
-Checklist (and a short version for the impatient):
-
-	Commits:
-
-	- make commits of logical units
-	- check for unnecessary whitespace with "git diff --check"
-	  before committing
-	- do not check in commented out code or unneeded files
-	- the first line of the commit message should be a short
-	  description (50 characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION
-	  in git-commit(1)), and should skip the full stop
-	- the body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
-	  . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what
-	    is wrong with the current code without the change.
-	  . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why
-	    the result with the change is better.
-	  . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
-	- describe changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
-	  instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed
-	  xyzzy to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase
-	  to change its behaviour.
-	- try to make sure your explanation can be understood without
-	  external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
-	  archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
-	- add a "Signed-off-by: Your Name <you@example.com>" line to the
-	  commit message (or just use the option "-s" when committing)
-	  to confirm that you agree to the Developer's Certificate of Origin
-	- make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing
-	- make sure that the test suite passes after your commit
-
-	Patch:
-
-	- use "git format-patch -M" to create the patch
-	- do not PGP sign your patch
-	- do not attach your patch, but read in the mail
-	  body, unless you cannot teach your mailer to
-	  leave the formatting of the patch alone.
-	- be careful doing cut & paste into your mailer, not to
-	  corrupt whitespaces.
-	- provide additional information (which is unsuitable for
-	  the commit message) between the "---" and the diffstat
-	- if you change, add, or remove a command line option or
-	  make some other user interface change, the associated
-	  documentation should be updated as well.
-	- if your name is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
-	  you send off a message in the correct encoding.
-	- send the patch to the list (git@vger.kernel.org) and the
-	  maintainer (gitster@pobox.com) if (and only if) the patch
-	  is ready for inclusion. If you use git-send-email(1),
-	  please test it first by sending email to yourself.
-	- see below for instructions specific to your mailer
-
-Long version:
-
-I started reading over the SubmittingPatches document for Linux
-kernel, primarily because I wanted to have a document similar to
-it for the core GIT to make sure people understand what they are
-doing when they write "Signed-off-by" line.
-
-But the patch submission requirements are a lot more relaxed
-here on the technical/contents front, because the core GIT is
-thousand times smaller ;-).  So here is only the relevant bits.
+Here are some guidelines for people who want to contribute their code
+to this software.
 
 (0) Decide what to base your work on.
 
@@ -86,6 +26,10 @@ change is relevant to.
    wait until some of the dependent topics graduate to 'master', and
    rebase your work.
 
+ - Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+   repositories (see the section "Subsystems" below).  Changes to
+   these parts should be based on their trees.
+
 To find the tip of a topic branch, run "git log --first-parent
 master..pu" and look for the merge commit. The second parent of this
 commit is the tip of the topic branch.
@@ -113,49 +57,107 @@ change, the approach taken by the change, and if relevant how this
 differs substantially from the prior version, are all good things
 to have.
 
-Oh, another thing.  I am picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
+Make sure that you have tests for the bug you are fixing.  See
+t/README for guidance.
+
+When adding a new feature, make sure that you have new tests to show
+the feature triggers the new behaviour when it should, and to show the
+feature does not trigger when it shouldn't.  Also make sure that the
+test suite passes after your commit.  Do not forget to update the
+documentation to describe the updated behaviour.
+
+Speaking of the documentation, it is currently a liberal mixture of US
+and UK English norms for spelling and grammar, which is somewhat
+unfortunate.  A huge patch that touches the files all over the place
+only to correct the inconsistency is not welcome, though.  Potential
+clashes with other changes that can result from such a patch are not
+worth it.  We prefer to gradually reconcile the inconsistencies in
+favor of US English, with small and easily digestible patches, as a
+side effect of doing some other real work in the vicinity (e.g.
+rewriting a paragraph for clarity, while turning en_UK spelling to
+en_US).  Obvious typographical fixes are much more welcomed ("teh ->
+"the"), preferably submitted as independent patches separate from
+other documentation changes.
+
+Oh, another thing.  We are picky about whitespaces.  Make sure your
 changes do not trigger errors with the sample pre-commit hook shipped
 in templates/hooks--pre-commit.  To help ensure this does not happen,
 run git diff --check on your changes before you commit.
 
 
-(1a) Try to be nice to older C compilers
+(2) Describe your changes well.
+
+The first line of the commit message should be a short description (50
+characters is the soft limit, see DISCUSSION in git-commit(1)), and
+should skip the full stop.  It is also conventional in most cases to
+prefix the first line with "area: " where the area is a filename or
+identifier for the general area of the code being modified, e.g.
+
+  . archive: ustar header checksum is computed unsigned
+  . git-cherry-pick.txt: clarify the use of revision range notation
+
+If in doubt which identifier to use, run "git log --no-merges" on the
+files you are modifying to see the current conventions.
+
+The body should provide a meaningful commit message, which:
+
+  . explains the problem the change tries to solve, iow, what is wrong
+    with the current code without the change.
 
-We try to support a wide range of C compilers to compile
-git with. That means that you should not use C99 initializers, even
-if a lot of compilers grok it.
+  . justifies the way the change solves the problem, iow, why the
+    result with the change is better.
 
-Also, variables have to be declared at the beginning of the block
-(you can check this with gcc, using the -Wdeclaration-after-statement
-option).
+  . alternate solutions considered but discarded, if any.
 
-Another thing: NULL pointers shall be written as NULL, not as 0.
+Describe your changes in imperative mood, e.g. "make xyzzy do frotz"
+instead of "[This patch] makes xyzzy do frotz" or "[I] changed xyzzy
+to do frotz", as if you are giving orders to the codebase to change
+its behaviour.  Try to make sure your explanation can be understood
+without external resources. Instead of giving a URL to a mailing list
+archive, summarize the relevant points of the discussion.
 
 
-(2) Generate your patch using git tools out of your commits.
+(3) Generate your patch using Git tools out of your commits.
 
-git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
+Git based diff tools generate unidiff which is the preferred format.
 
 You do not have to be afraid to use -M option to "git diff" or
 "git format-patch", if your patch involves file renames.  The
 receiving end can handle them just fine.
 
-Please make sure your patch does not include any extra files
-which do not belong in a patch submission.  Make sure to review
+Please make sure your patch does not add commented out debugging code,
+or include any extra files which do not relate to what your patch
+is trying to achieve. Make sure to review
 your patch after generating it, to ensure accuracy.  Before
 sending out, please make sure it cleanly applies to the "master"
 branch head.  If you are preparing a work based on "next" branch,
 that is fine, but please mark it as such.
 
 
-(3) Sending your patches.
+(4) Sending your patches.
 
-People on the git mailing list need to be able to read and
+Learn to use format-patch and send-email if possible.  These commands
+are optimized for the workflow of sending patches, avoiding many ways
+your existing e-mail client that is optimized for "multipart/*" mime
+type e-mails to corrupt and render your patches unusable.
+
+People on the Git mailing list need to be able to read and
 comment on the changes you are submitting.  It is important for
 a developer to be able to "quote" your changes, using standard
 e-mail tools, so that they may comment on specific portions of
-your code.  For this reason, all patches should be submitted
-"inline".  WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
+your code.  For this reason, each patch should be submitted
+"inline" in a separate message.
+
+Multiple related patches should be grouped into their own e-mail
+thread to help readers find all parts of the series.  To that end,
+send them as replies to either an additional "cover letter" message
+(see below), the first patch, or the respective preceding patch.
+
+If your log message (including your name on the
+Signed-off-by line) is not writable in ASCII, make sure that
+you send off a message in the correct encoding.
+
+WARNING: Be wary of your MUAs word-wrap
 corrupting your patch.  Do not cut-n-paste your patch; you can
 lose tabs that way if you are not careful.
 
@@ -179,7 +181,11 @@ message starts, you can put a "From: " line to name that person.
 
 You often want to add additional explanation about the patch,
 other than the commit message itself.  Place such "cover letter"
-material between the three dash lines and the diffstat.
+material between the three-dash line and the diffstat.  For
+patches requiring multiple iterations of review and discussion,
+an explanation of changes between each iteration can be kept in
+Git-notes and inserted automatically following the three-dash
+line via `git format-patch --notes`.
 
 Do not attach the patch as a MIME attachment, compressed or not.
 Do not let your e-mail client send quoted-printable.  Do not let
@@ -207,23 +213,29 @@ patch, format it as "multipart/signed", not a text/plain message
 that starts with '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----'.  That is
 not a text/plain, it's something else.
 
-Unless your patch is a very trivial and an obviously correct one,
-first send it with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
+Send your patch with "To:" set to the mailing list, with "cc:" listing
 people who are involved in the area you are touching (the output from
 "git blame $path" and "git shortlog --no-merges $path" would help to
-identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.  After the list
-reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the patch, re-send
-it with "To:" set to the maintainer and optionally "cc:" the list for
-inclusion.  Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:",
-"Reviewed-by:" and "Tested-by:" after your "Signed-off-by:" line as
-necessary.
+identify them), to solicit comments and reviews.
+
+After the list reached a consensus that it is a good idea to apply the
+patch, re-send it with "To:" set to the maintainer [*1*] and "cc:" the
+list [*2*] for inclusion.
+
+Do not forget to add trailers such as "Acked-by:", "Reviewed-by:" and
+"Tested-by:" lines as necessary to credit people who helped your
+patch.
 
+    [Addresses]
+     *1* The current maintainer: gitster@pobox.com
+     *2* The mailing list: git@vger.kernel.org
 
-(4) Sign your work
+
+(5) Sign your work
 
 To improve tracking of who did what, we've borrowed the
 "sign-off" procedure from the Linux kernel project on patches
-that are being emailed around.  Although core GIT is a lot
+that are being emailed around.  Although core Git is a lot
 smaller project it is a good discipline to follow it.
 
 The sign-off is a simple line at the end of the explanation for
@@ -251,17 +263,17 @@ pretty simple: if you can certify the below:
             person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
             it.
 
-	(d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
-	    are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
-	    personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
-	    maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
-	    this project or the open source license(s) involved.
+        (d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
+            are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
+            personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
+            maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
+            this project or the open source license(s) involved.
 
 then you just add a line saying
 
-	Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
+        Signed-off-by: Random J Developer <random@developer.example.org>
 
-This line can be automatically added by git if you run the git-commit
+This line can be automatically added by Git if you run the git-commit
 command with the -s option.
 
 Notice that you can place your own Signed-off-by: line when
@@ -290,6 +302,26 @@ You can also create your own tag or use one that's in common usage
 such as "Thanks-to:", "Based-on-patch-by:", or "Mentored-by:".
 
 ------------------------------------------------
+Subsystems with dedicated maintainers
+
+Some parts of the system have dedicated maintainers with their own
+repositories.
+
+ - git-gui/ comes from git-gui project, maintained by Pat Thoyts:
+
+        git://repo.or.cz/git-gui.git
+
+ - gitk-git/ comes from Paul Mackerras's gitk project:
+
+        git://ozlabs.org/~paulus/gitk
+
+ - po/ comes from the localization coordinator, Jiang Xin:
+
+	https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po/
+
+Patches to these parts should be based on their trees.
+
+------------------------------------------------
 An ideal patch flow
 
 Here is an ideal patch flow for this project the current maintainer
@@ -314,7 +346,7 @@ suggests to the contributors:
      spend their time to improve your patch.  Go back to step (2).
 
  (4) The list forms consensus that the last round of your patch is
-     good.  Send it to the list and cc the maintainer.
+     good.  Send it to the maintainer and cc the list.
 
  (5) A topic branch is created with the patch and is merged to 'next',
      and cooked further and eventually graduates to 'master'.
@@ -334,7 +366,7 @@ Know the status of your patch after submission
   tell you if your patch is merged in pu if you rebase on top of
   master).
 
-* Read the git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
+* Read the Git mailing list, the maintainer regularly posts messages
   entitled "What's cooking in git.git" and "What's in git.git" giving
   the status of various proposed changes.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
index aea8627be0..2c16c536ba 100644
--- a/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
+++ b/Documentation/asciidoc.conf
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #
 # Note, {0} is the manpage section, while {target} is the command.
 #
-# Show GIT link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
+# Show Git link as: <command>(<section>); if section is defined, else just show
 # the command.
 
 [macros]
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ ifndef::git-asciidoc-no-roff[]
 # v1.72 breaks with this because it replaces dots not in roff requests.
 [listingblock]
 <example><title>{title}</title>
-<literallayout>
+<literallayout class="monospaced">
 ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
 &#10;.ft C&#10;
 endif::doctype-manpage[]
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ ifdef::doctype-manpage[]
 # The following two small workarounds insert a simple paragraph after screen
 [listingblock]
 <example><title>{title}</title>
-<literallayout>
+<literallayout class="monospaced">
 |
 </literallayout><simpara></simpara>
 {title#}</example>
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ endif::backend-docbook[]
 endif::doctype-manpage[]
 
 ifdef::backend-xhtml11[]
+[attributes]
+git-relative-html-prefix=
 [linkgit-inlinemacro]
-<a href="{target}.html">{target}{0?({0})}</a>
+<a href="{git-relative-html-prefix}{target}.html">{target}{0?({0})}</a>
 endif::backend-xhtml11[]
diff --git a/Documentation/blame-options.txt b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
index d4a51da464..b299b59023 100644
--- a/Documentation/blame-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/blame-options.txt
@@ -4,33 +4,20 @@
 
 --root::
 	Do not treat root commits as boundaries.  This can also be
-	controlled via the `blame.showroot` config option.
+	controlled via the `blame.showRoot` config option.
 
 --show-stats::
 	Include additional statistics at the end of blame output.
 
 -L <start>,<end>::
-	Annotate only the given line range.  <start> and <end> can take
-	one of these forms:
-
-	- number
-+
-If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an
-absolute line number (lines count from 1).
-+
-
-- /regex/
-+
-This form will use the first line matching the given
-POSIX regex.  If <end> is a regex, it will search
-starting at the line given by <start>.
-+
-
-- +offset or -offset
+-L :<regex>::
+	Annotate only the given line range. May be specified multiple times.
+	Overlapping ranges are allowed.
 +
-This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number
-of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
+<start> and <end> are optional. ``-L <start>'' or ``-L <start>,'' spans from
+<start> to end of file. ``-L ,<end>'' spans from start of file to <end>.
 +
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
 
 -l::
 	Show long rev (Default: off).
@@ -95,7 +82,7 @@ of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
 	running extra passes of inspection.
 +
 <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
-alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying
+alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
 within a file for it to associate those lines with the parent
 commit. The default value is 20.
 
@@ -110,7 +97,7 @@ commit. The default value is 20.
 	looks for copies from other files in any commit.
 +
 <num> is optional but it is the lower bound on the number of
-alphanumeric characters that git must detect as moving/copying
+alphanumeric characters that Git must detect as moving/copying
 between files for it to associate those lines with the parent
 commit. And the default value is 40. If there are more than one
 `-C` options given, the <num> argument of the last `-C` will
diff --git a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
index 828ec62554..87437f8a95 100755
--- a/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
+++ b/Documentation/cat-texi.perl
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ while (<STDIN>) {
 		push @menu, $1;
 	}
 	s/\(\@pxref{\[(URLS|REMOTES)\]}\)//;
+	s/\@anchor\{[^{}]*\}//g;
 	print TMP;
 }
 close TMP;
diff --git a/Documentation/config.txt b/Documentation/config.txt
index c081657be7..2e5ceaf719 100644
--- a/Documentation/config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/config.txt
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 CONFIGURATION FILE
 ------------------
 
-The git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
-the git command's behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
+The Git configuration file contains a number of variables that affect
+the Git commands' behavior. The `.git/config` file in each repository
 is used to store the configuration for that repository, and
 `$HOME/.gitconfig` is used to store a per-user configuration as
 fallback values for the `.git/config` file. The file `/etc/gitconfig`
 can be used to store a system-wide default configuration.
 
-The configuration variables are used by both the git plumbing
+The configuration variables are used by both the Git plumbing
 and the porcelains. The variables are divided into sections, wherein
 the fully qualified variable name of the variable itself is the last
 dot-separated segment and the section name is everything before the last
 dot. The variable names are case-insensitive, allow only alphanumeric
 characters and `-`, and must start with an alphabetic character.  Some
-variables may appear multiple times.
+variables may appear multiple times; we say then that the variable is
+multivalued.
 
 Syntax
 ~~~~~~
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ blank lines are ignored.
 
 The file consists of sections and variables.  A section begins with
 the name of the section in square brackets and continues until the next
-section begins.  Section names are not case sensitive.  Only alphanumeric
+section begins.  Section names are case-insensitive.  Only alphanumeric
 characters, `-` and `.` are allowed in section names.  Each variable
 must belong to some section, which means that there must be a section
 header before the first setting of a variable.
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@ in the section header, like in the example below:
 --------
 
 Subsection names are case sensitive and can contain any characters except
-newline (doublequote `"` and backslash have to be escaped as `\"` and `\\`,
-respectively).  Section headers cannot span multiple
+newline (doublequote `"` and backslash can be included by escaping them
+as `\"` and `\\`, respectively).  Section headers cannot span multiple
 lines.  Variables may belong directly to a section or to a given subsection.
 You can have `[section]` if you have `[section "subsection"]`, but you
 don't need to.
@@ -53,38 +54,27 @@ restrictions as section names.
 
 All the other lines (and the remainder of the line after the section
 header) are recognized as setting variables, in the form
-'name = value'.  If there is no equal sign on the line, the entire line
-is taken as 'name' and the variable is recognized as boolean "true".
+'name = value' (or just 'name', which is a short-hand to say that
+the variable is the boolean "true").
 The variable names are case-insensitive, allow only alphanumeric characters
-and `-`, and must start with an alphabetic character.  There can be more
-than one value for a given variable; we say then that the variable is
-multivalued.
+and `-`, and must start with an alphabetic character.
 
-Leading and trailing whitespace in a variable value is discarded.
-Internal whitespace within a variable value is retained verbatim.
+A line that defines a value can be continued to the next line by
+ending it with a `\`; the backquote and the end-of-line are
+stripped.  Leading whitespaces after 'name =', the remainder of the
+line after the first comment character '#' or ';', and trailing
+whitespaces of the line are discarded unless they are enclosed in
+double quotes.  Internal whitespaces within the value are retained
+verbatim.
 
-The values following the equals sign in variable assign are all either
-a string, an integer, or a boolean.  Boolean values may be given as yes/no,
-1/0, true/false or on/off.  Case is not significant in boolean values, when
-converting value to the canonical form using '--bool' type specifier;
-'git config' will ensure that the output is "true" or "false".
-
-String values may be entirely or partially enclosed in double quotes.
-You need to enclose variable values in double quotes if you want to
-preserve leading or trailing whitespace, or if the variable value contains
-comment characters (i.e. it contains '#' or ';').
-Double quote `"` and backslash `\` characters in variable values must
-be escaped: use `\"` for `"` and `\\` for `\`.
+Inside double quotes, double quote `"` and backslash `\` characters
+must be escaped: use `\"` for `"` and `\\` for `\`.
 
 The following escape sequences (beside `\"` and `\\`) are recognized:
 `\n` for newline character (NL), `\t` for horizontal tabulation (HT, TAB)
-and `\b` for backspace (BS).  No other char escape sequence, nor octal
-char sequences are valid.
-
-Variable values ending in a `\` are continued on the next line in the
-customary UNIX fashion.
+and `\b` for backspace (BS).  Other char escape sequences (including octal
+escape sequences) are invalid.
 
-Some variables may require a special value format.
 
 Includes
 ~~~~~~~~
@@ -95,7 +85,9 @@ included file is expanded immediately, as if its contents had been
 found at the location of the include directive. If the value of the
 `include.path` variable is a relative path, the path is considered to be
 relative to the configuration file in which the include directive was
-found. See below for examples.
+found. The value of `include.path` is subject to tilde expansion: `~/`
+is expanded to the value of `$HOME`, and `~user/` to the specified
+user's home directory. See below for examples.
 
 Example
 ~~~~~~~
@@ -122,14 +114,74 @@ Example
 	[include]
 		path = /path/to/foo.inc ; include by absolute path
 		path = foo ; expand "foo" relative to the current file
+		path = ~/foo ; expand "foo" in your $HOME directory
+
+
+Values
+~~~~~~
+
+Values of many variables are treated as a simple string, but there
+are variables that take values of specific types and there are rules
+as to how to spell them.
+
+boolean::
+
+       When a variable is said to take a boolean value, many
+       synonyms are accepted for 'true' and 'false'; these are all
+       case-insensitive.
+
+       true;; Boolean true can be spelled as `yes`, `on`, `true`,
+		or `1`.  Also, a variable defined without `= <value>`
+		is taken as true.
+
+       false;; Boolean false can be spelled as `no`, `off`,
+		`false`, or `0`.
++
+When converting value to the canonical form using '--bool' type
+specifier; 'git config' will ensure that the output is "true" or
+"false" (spelled in lowercase).
+
+integer::
+       The value for many variables that specify various sizes can
+       be suffixed with `k`, `M`,... to mean "scale the number by
+       1024", "by 1024x1024", etc.
+
+color::
+       The value for a variables that takes a color is a list of
+       colors (at most two) and attributes (at most one), separated
+       by spaces.  The colors accepted are `normal`, `black`,
+       `red`, `green`, `yellow`, `blue`, `magenta`, `cyan` and
+       `white`; the attributes are `bold`, `dim`, `ul`, `blink` and
+       `reverse`.  The first color given is the foreground; the
+       second is the background.  The position of the attribute, if
+       any, doesn't matter. Attributes may be turned off specifically
+       by prefixing them with `no` (e.g., `noreverse`, `noul`, etc).
++
+Colors (foreground and background) may also be given as numbers between
+0 and 255; these use ANSI 256-color mode (but note that not all
+terminals may support this).  If your terminal supports it, you may also
+specify 24-bit RGB values as hex, like `#ff0ab3`.
++
+The attributes are meant to be reset at the beginning of each item
+in the colored output, so setting color.decorate.branch to `black`
+will paint that branch name in a plain `black`, even if the previous
+thing on the same output line (e.g. opening parenthesis before the
+list of branch names in `log --decorate` output) is set to be
+painted with `bold` or some other attribute.
+
 
 Variables
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
 Note that this list is non-comprehensive and not necessarily complete.
 For command-specific variables, you will find a more detailed description
-in the appropriate manual page. You will find a description of non-core
-porcelain configuration variables in the respective porcelain documentation.
+in the appropriate manual page.
+
+Other git-related tools may and do use their own variables.  When
+inventing new variables for use in your own tool, make sure their
+names do not conflict with those that are used by Git itself and
+other popular tools, and describe them in your documentation.
+
 
 advice.*::
 	These variables control various optional help messages designed to
@@ -137,18 +189,47 @@ advice.*::
 	can tell Git that you do not need help by setting these to 'false':
 +
 --
-	pushNonFastForward::
-		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] refuses
-		non-fast-forward refs.
+	pushUpdateRejected::
+		Set this variable to 'false' if you want to disable
+		'pushNonFFCurrent',
+		'pushNonFFMatching', 'pushAlreadyExists',
+		'pushFetchFirst', and 'pushNeedsForce'
+		simultaneously.
+	pushNonFFCurrent::
+		Advice shown when linkgit:git-push[1] fails due to a
+		non-fast-forward update to the current branch.
+	pushNonFFMatching::
+		Advice shown when you ran linkgit:git-push[1] and pushed
+		'matching refs' explicitly (i.e. you used ':', or
+		specified a refspec that isn't your current branch) and
+		it resulted in a non-fast-forward error.
+	pushAlreadyExists::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		does not qualify for fast-forwarding (e.g., a tag.)
+	pushFetchFirst::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object we do not have.
+	pushNeedsForce::
+		Shown when linkgit:git-push[1] rejects an update that
+		tries to overwrite a remote ref that points at an
+		object that is not a commit-ish, or make the remote
+		ref point at an object that is not a commit-ish.
 	statusHints::
-		Directions on how to stage/unstage/add shown in the
-		output of linkgit:git-status[1] and the template shown
-		when writing commit messages.
+		Show directions on how to proceed from the current
+		state in the output of linkgit:git-status[1], in
+		the template shown when writing commit messages in
+		linkgit:git-commit[1], and in the help message shown
+		by linkgit:git-checkout[1] when switching branch.
+	statusUoption::
+		Advise to consider using the `-u` option to linkgit:git-status[1]
+		when the command takes more than 2 seconds to enumerate untracked
+		files.
 	commitBeforeMerge::
 		Advice shown when linkgit:git-merge[1] refuses to
 		merge to avoid overwriting local changes.
 	resolveConflict::
-		Advices shown by various commands when conflicts
+		Advice shown by various commands when conflicts
 		prevent the operation from being performed.
 	implicitIdentity::
 		Advice on how to set your identity configuration when
@@ -158,40 +239,68 @@ advice.*::
 		Advice shown when you used linkgit:git-checkout[1] to
 		move to the detach HEAD state, to instruct how to create
 		a local branch after the fact.
+	amWorkDir::
+		Advice that shows the location of the patch file when
+		linkgit:git-am[1] fails to apply it.
+	rmHints::
+		In case of failure in the output of linkgit:git-rm[1],
+		show directions on how to proceed from the current state.
 --
 
 core.fileMode::
-	If false, the executable bit differences between the index and
-	the working tree are ignored; useful on broken filesystems like FAT.
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
+	Tells Git if the executable bit of files in the working tree
+	is to be honored.
 +
-The default is true, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
-will probe and set core.fileMode false if appropriate when the
-repository is created.
-
-core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks::
-	This option is only used by Cygwin implementation of Git. If false,
-	the Cygwin stat() and lstat() functions are used. This may be useful
-	if your repository consists of a few separate directories joined in
-	one hierarchy using Cygwin mount. If true, Git uses native Win32 API
-	whenever it is possible and falls back to Cygwin functions only to
-	handle symbol links. The native mode is more than twice faster than
-	normal Cygwin l/stat() functions. True by default, unless core.filemode
-	is true, in which case ignoreCygwinFSTricks is ignored as Cygwin's
-	POSIX emulation is required to support core.filemode.
-
-core.ignorecase::
+Some filesystems lose the executable bit when a file that is
+marked as executable is checked out, or checks out an
+non-executable file with executable bit on.
+linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1] probe the filesystem
+to see if it handles the executable bit correctly
+and this variable is automatically set as necessary.
++
+A repository, however, may be on a filesystem that handles
+the filemode correctly, and this variable is set to 'true'
+when created, but later may be made accessible from another
+environment that loses the filemode (e.g. exporting ext4 via
+CIFS mount, visiting a Cygwin created repository with
+Git for Windows or Eclipse).
+In such a case it may be necessary to set this variable to 'false'.
+See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
++
+The default is true (when core.filemode is not specified in the config file).
+
+core.ignoreCase::
 	If true, this option enables various workarounds to enable
-	git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
+	Git to work better on filesystems that are not case sensitive,
 	like FAT. For example, if a directory listing finds
-	"makefile" when git expects "Makefile", git will assume
+	"makefile" when Git expects "Makefile", Git will assume
 	it is really the same file, and continue to remember it as
 	"Makefile".
 +
 The default is false, except linkgit:git-clone[1] or linkgit:git-init[1]
-will probe and set core.ignorecase true if appropriate when the repository
+will probe and set core.ignoreCase true if appropriate when the repository
 is created.
 
+core.precomposeUnicode::
+	This option is only used by Mac OS implementation of Git.
+	When core.precomposeUnicode=true, Git reverts the unicode decomposition
+	of filenames done by Mac OS. This is useful when sharing a repository
+	between Mac OS and Linux or Windows.
+	(Git for Windows 1.7.10 or higher is needed, or Git under cygwin 1.7).
+	When false, file names are handled fully transparent by Git,
+	which is backward compatible with older versions of Git.
+
+core.protectHFS::
+	If set to true, do not allow checkout of paths that would
+	be considered equivalent to `.git` on an HFS+ filesystem.
+	Defaults to `true` on Mac OS, and `false` elsewhere.
+
+core.protectNTFS::
+	If set to true, do not allow checkout of paths that would
+	cause problems with the NTFS filesystem, e.g. conflict with
+	8.3 "short" names.
+	Defaults to `true` on Windows, and `false` elsewhere.
+
 core.trustctime::
 	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
 	working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time
@@ -199,7 +308,13 @@ core.trustctime::
 	crawlers and some backup systems).
 	See linkgit:git-update-index[1]. True by default.
 
-core.quotepath::
+core.checkStat::
+	Determines which stat fields to match between the index
+	and work tree. The user can set this to 'default' or
+	'minimal'. Default (or explicitly 'default'), is to check
+	all fields, including the sub-second part of mtime and ctime.
+
+core.quotePath::
 	The commands that output paths (e.g. 'ls-files',
 	'diff'), when not given the `-z` option, will quote
 	"unusual" characters in the pathname by enclosing the
@@ -220,20 +335,20 @@ core.eol::
 	conversion.
 
 core.safecrlf::
-	If true, makes git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
+	If true, makes Git check if converting `CRLF` is reversible when
 	end-of-line conversion is active.  Git will verify if a command
 	modifies a file in the work tree either directly or indirectly.
 	For example, committing a file followed by checking out the
 	same file should yield the original file in the work tree.  If
 	this is not the case for the current setting of
-	`core.autocrlf`, git will reject the file.  The variable can
-	be set to "warn", in which case git will only warn about an
+	`core.autocrlf`, Git will reject the file.  The variable can
+	be set to "warn", in which case Git will only warn about an
 	irreversible conversion but continue the operation.
 +
 CRLF conversion bears a slight chance of corrupting data.
-When it is enabled, git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
+When it is enabled, Git will convert CRLF to LF during commit and LF to
 CRLF during checkout.  A file that contains a mixture of LF and
-CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by git.  For text
+CRLF before the commit cannot be recreated by Git.  For text
 files this is the right thing to do: it corrects line endings
 such that we have only LF line endings in the repository.
 But for binary files that are accidentally classified as text the
@@ -243,7 +358,7 @@ If you recognize such corruption early you can easily fix it by
 setting the conversion type explicitly in .gitattributes.  Right
 after committing you still have the original file in your work
 tree and this file is not yet corrupted.  You can explicitly tell
-git that this file is binary and git will handle the file
+Git that this file is binary and Git will handle the file
 appropriately.
 +
 Unfortunately, the desired effect of cleaning up text files with
@@ -288,7 +403,7 @@ is created.
 core.gitProxy::
 	A "proxy command" to execute (as 'command host port') instead
 	of establishing direct connection to the remote server when
-	using the git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
+	using the Git protocol for fetching. If the variable value is
 	in the "COMMAND for DOMAIN" format, the command is applied only
 	on hostnames ending with the specified domain string. This variable
 	may be set multiple times and is matched in the given order;
@@ -304,14 +419,19 @@ This is useful for excluding servers inside a firewall from
 proxy use, while defaulting to a common proxy for external domains.
 
 core.ignoreStat::
-	If true, commands which modify both the working tree and the index
-	will mark the updated paths with the "assume unchanged" bit in the
-	index. These marked files are then assumed to stay unchanged in the
-	working tree, until you mark them otherwise manually - Git will not
-	detect the file changes	by lstat() calls. This is useful on systems
-	where those are very slow, such as Microsoft Windows.
-	See linkgit:git-update-index[1].
-	False by default.
+	If true, Git will avoid using lstat() calls to detect if files have
+	changed by setting the "assume-unchanged" bit for those tracked files
+	which it has updated identically in both the index and working tree.
++
+When files are modified outside of Git, the user will need to stage
+the modified files explicitly (e.g. see 'Examples' section in
+linkgit:git-update-index[1]).
+Git will not normally detect changes to those files.
++
+This is useful on systems where lstat() calls are very slow, such as
+CIFS/Microsoft Windows.
++
+False by default.
 
 core.preferSymlinkRefs::
 	Instead of the default "symref" format for HEAD
@@ -334,7 +454,7 @@ false), while all other repositories are assumed to be bare (bare
 core.worktree::
 	Set the path to the root of the working tree.
 	This can be overridden by the GIT_WORK_TREE environment
-	variable and the '--work-tree' command line option.
+	variable and the '--work-tree' command-line option.
 	The value can be an absolute path or relative to the path to
 	the .git directory, which is either specified by --git-dir
 	or GIT_DIR, or automatically discovered.
@@ -347,7 +467,7 @@ Note that this variable is honored even when set in a configuration
 file in a ".git" subdirectory of a directory and its value differs
 from the latter directory (e.g. "/path/to/.git/config" has
 core.worktree set to "/different/path"), which is most likely a
-misconfiguration.  Running git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
+misconfiguration.  Running Git commands in the "/path/to" directory will
 still use "/different/path" as the root of the work tree and can cause
 confusion unless you know what you are doing (e.g. you are creating a
 read-only snapshot of the same index to a location different from the
@@ -356,7 +476,7 @@ repository's usual working tree).
 core.logAllRefUpdates::
 	Enable the reflog. Updates to a ref <ref> is logged to the file
 	"$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>", by appending the new and old
-	SHA1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
+	SHA-1, the date/time and the reason of the update, but
 	only when the file exists.  If this configuration
 	variable is set to true, missing "$GIT_DIR/logs/<ref>"
 	file is automatically created for branch heads (i.e. under
@@ -379,7 +499,7 @@ core.sharedRepository::
 	several users in a group (making sure all the files and objects are
 	group-writable). When 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'), the
 	repository will be readable by all users, additionally to being
-	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), git will use permissions
+	group-shareable. When 'umask' (or 'false'), Git will use permissions
 	reported by umask(2). When '0xxx', where '0xxx' is an octal number,
 	files in the repository will have this mode value. '0xxx' will override
 	user's umask value (whereas the other options will only override
@@ -390,17 +510,17 @@ core.sharedRepository::
 	See linkgit:git-init[1]. False by default.
 
 core.warnAmbiguousRefs::
-	If true, git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
-	and might match multiple refs in the .git/refs/ tree. True by default.
+	If true, Git will warn you if the ref name you passed it is ambiguous
+	and might match multiple refs in the repository. True by default.
 
 core.compression::
 	An integer -1..9, indicating a default compression level.
 	-1 is the zlib default. 0 means no compression,
 	and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being slowest.
 	If set, this provides a default to other compression variables,
-	such as 'core.loosecompression' and 'pack.compression'.
+	such as 'core.looseCompression' and 'pack.compression'.
 
-core.loosecompression::
+core.looseCompression::
 	An integer -1..9, indicating the compression level for objects that
 	are not in a pack file. -1 is the zlib default. 0 means no
 	compression, and 1..9 are various speed/size tradeoffs, 9 being
@@ -442,7 +562,7 @@ core.deltaBaseCacheLimit::
 	to avoid unpacking and decompressing frequently used base
 	objects multiple times.
 +
-Default is 16 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
+Default is 96 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
 for all users/operating systems, except on the largest projects.
 You probably do not need to adjust this value.
 +
@@ -452,7 +572,8 @@ core.bigFileThreshold::
 	Files larger than this size are stored deflated, without
 	attempting delta compression.  Storing large files without
 	delta compression avoids excessive memory usage, at the
-	slight expense of increased disk usage.
+	slight expense of increased disk usage. Additionally files
+	larger than this size are always treated as binary.
 +
 Default is 512 MiB on all platforms.  This should be reasonable
 for most projects as source code and other text files can still
@@ -460,27 +581,31 @@ be delta compressed, but larger binary media files won't be.
 +
 Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are supported.
 
-core.excludesfile::
+core.excludesFile::
 	In addition to '.gitignore' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/exclude', git looks into this file for patterns
-	of files which are not meant to be tracked.  "{tilde}/" is expanded
-	to the value of `$HOME` and "{tilde}user/" to the specified user's
-	home directory.  See linkgit:gitignore[5].
-
-core.askpass::
+	'.git/info/exclude', Git looks into this file for patterns
+	of files which are not meant to be tracked.  "`~/`" is expanded
+	to the value of `$HOME` and "`~user/`" to the specified user's
+	home directory. Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore.
+	If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore
+	is used instead. See linkgit:gitignore[5].
+
+core.askPass::
 	Some commands (e.g. svn and http interfaces) that interactively
 	ask for a password can be told to use an external program given
 	via the value of this variable. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_ASKPASS'
 	environment variable. If not set, fall back to the value of the
 	'SSH_ASKPASS' environment variable or, failing that, a simple password
 	prompt. The external program shall be given a suitable prompt as
-	command line argument and write the password on its STDOUT.
+	command-line argument and write the password on its STDOUT.
 
-core.attributesfile::
+core.attributesFile::
 	In addition to '.gitattributes' (per-directory) and
-	'.git/info/attributes', git looks into this file for attributes
+	'.git/info/attributes', Git looks into this file for attributes
 	(see linkgit:gitattributes[5]). Path expansions are made the same
-	way as for `core.excludesfile`.
+	way as for `core.excludesFile`. Its default value is
+	$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not
+	set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/attributes is used instead.
 
 core.editor::
 	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
@@ -488,29 +613,45 @@ core.editor::
 	variable when it is set, and the environment variable
 	`GIT_EDITOR` is not set.  See linkgit:git-var[1].
 
+core.commentChar::
+	Commands such as `commit` and `tag` that lets you edit
+	messages consider a line that begins with this character
+	commented, and removes them after the editor returns
+	(default '#').
++
+If set to "auto", `git-commit` would select a character that is not
+the beginning character of any line in existing commit messages.
+
 sequence.editor::
-	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase insn file.
+	Text editor used by `git rebase -i` for editing the rebase instruction file.
 	The value is meant to be interpreted by the shell when it is used.
 	It can be overridden by the `GIT_SEQUENCE_EDITOR` environment variable.
 	When not configured the default commit message editor is used instead.
 
 core.pager::
-	The command that git will use to paginate output.  Can
-	be overridden with the `GIT_PAGER` environment
-	variable.  Note that git sets the `LESS` environment
-	variable to `FRSX` if it is unset when it runs the
-	pager.  One can change these settings by setting the
-	`LESS` variable to some other value.  Alternately,
-	these settings can be overridden on a project or
-	global basis by setting the `core.pager` option.
-	Setting `core.pager` has no affect on the `LESS`
-	environment variable behaviour above, so if you want
-	to override git's default settings this way, you need
-	to be explicit.  For example, to disable the S option
-	in a backward compatible manner, set `core.pager`
-	to `less -+$LESS -FRX`.  This will be passed to the
-	shell by git, which will translate the final command to
-	`LESS=FRSX less -+FRSX -FRX`.
+	Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+	is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
+	is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
+	configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
+	compile time (usually 'less').
++
+When the `LESS` environment variable is unset, Git sets it to `FRX`
+(if `LESS` environment variable is set, Git does not change it at
+all).  If you want to selectively override Git's default setting
+for `LESS`, you can set `core.pager` to e.g. `less -S`.  This will
+be passed to the shell by Git, which will translate the final
+command to `LESS=FRX less -S`. The environment does not set the
+`S` option but the command line does, instructing less to truncate
+long lines. Similarly, setting `core.pager` to `less -+F` will
+deactivate the `F` option specified by the environment from the
+command-line, deactivating the "quit if one screen" behavior of
+`less`.  One can specifically activate some flags for particular
+commands: for example, setting `pager.blame` to `less -S` enables
+line truncation only for `git blame`.
++
+Likewise, when the `LV` environment variable is unset, Git sets it
+to `-c`.  You can override this setting by exporting `LV` with
+another value or setting `core.pager` to `lv +c`.
 
 core.whitespace::
 	A comma separated list of common whitespace problems to
@@ -524,8 +665,9 @@ core.whitespace::
 * `space-before-tab` treats a space character that appears immediately
   before a tab character in the initial indent part of the line as an
   error (enabled by default).
-* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with 8 or more
-  space characters as an error (not enabled by default).
+* `indent-with-non-tab` treats a line that is indented with space
+  characters instead of the equivalent tabs as an error (not enabled by
+  default).
 * `tab-in-indent` treats a tab character in the initial indent part of
   the line as an error (not enabled by default).
 * `blank-at-eof` treats blank lines added at the end of file as an error
@@ -537,10 +679,10 @@ core.whitespace::
   does not trigger if the character before such a carriage-return
   is not a whitespace (not enabled by default).
 * `tabwidth=<n>` tells how many character positions a tab occupies; this
-  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when git fixes `tab-in-indent`
+  is relevant for `indent-with-non-tab` and when Git fixes `tab-in-indent`
   errors. The default tab width is 8. Allowed values are 1 to 63.
 
-core.fsyncobjectfiles::
+core.fsyncObjectFiles::
 	This boolean will enable 'fsync()' when writing object files.
 +
 This is a total waste of time and effort on a filesystem that orders
@@ -548,14 +690,14 @@ data writes properly, but can be useful for filesystems that do not use
 journalling (traditional UNIX filesystems) or that only journal metadata
 and not file contents (OS X's HFS+, or Linux ext3 with "data=writeback").
 
-core.preloadindex::
+core.preloadIndex::
 	Enable parallel index preload for operations like 'git diff'
 +
 This can speed up operations like 'git diff' and 'git status' especially
 on filesystems like NFS that have weak caching semantics and thus
-relatively high IO latencies.  With this set to 'true', git will do the
+relatively high IO latencies.  When enabled, Git will do the
 index comparison to the filesystem data in parallel, allowing
-overlapping IO's.
+overlapping IO's.  Defaults to true.
 
 core.createObject::
 	You can set this to 'link', in which case a hardlink followed by
@@ -585,23 +727,22 @@ core.abbrev::
 	for abbreviated object names to stay unique for sufficiently long
 	time.
 
-add.ignore-errors::
 add.ignoreErrors::
+add.ignore-errors (deprecated)::
 	Tells 'git add' to continue adding files when some files cannot be
 	added due to indexing errors. Equivalent to the '--ignore-errors'
-	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  Older versions of git accept only
-	`add.ignore-errors`, which does not follow the usual naming
-	convention for configuration variables.  Newer versions of git
-	honor `add.ignoreErrors` as well.
+	option of linkgit:git-add[1].  `add.ignore-errors` is deprecated,
+	as it does not follow the usual naming convention for configuration
+	variables.
 
 alias.*::
 	Command aliases for the linkgit:git[1] command wrapper - e.g.
 	after defining "alias.last = cat-file commit HEAD", the invocation
 	"git last" is equivalent to "git cat-file commit HEAD". To avoid
 	confusion and troubles with script usage, aliases that
-	hide existing git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
+	hide existing Git commands are ignored. Arguments are split by
 	spaces, the usual shell quoting and escaping is supported.
-	quote pair and a backslash can be used to quote them.
+	A quote pair or a backslash can be used to quote them.
 +
 If the alias expansion is prefixed with an exclamation point,
 it will be treated as a shell command.  For example, defining
@@ -620,7 +761,7 @@ am.keepcr::
 	by giving '--no-keep-cr' from the command line.
 	See linkgit:git-am[1], linkgit:git-mailsplit[1].
 
-apply.ignorewhitespace::
+apply.ignoreWhitespace::
 	When set to 'change', tells 'git apply' to ignore changes in
 	whitespace, in the same way as the '--ignore-space-change'
 	option.
@@ -632,7 +773,7 @@ apply.whitespace::
 	Tells 'git apply' how to handle whitespaces, in the same way
 	as the '--whitespace' option. See linkgit:git-apply[1].
 
-branch.autosetupmerge::
+branch.autoSetupMerge::
 	Tells 'git branch' and 'git checkout' to set up new branches
 	so that linkgit:git-pull[1] will appropriately merge from the
 	starting point branch. Note that even if this option is not set,
@@ -644,9 +785,9 @@ branch.autosetupmerge::
 	local branch or remote-tracking
 	branch. This option defaults to true.
 
-branch.autosetuprebase::
+branch.autoSetupRebase::
 	When a new branch is created with 'git branch' or 'git checkout'
-	that tracks another branch, this variable tells git to set
+	that tracks another branch, this variable tells Git to set
 	up pull to rebase instead of merge (see "branch.<name>.rebase").
 	When `never`, rebase is never automatically set to true.
 	When `local`, rebase is set to true for tracked branches of
@@ -655,14 +796,29 @@ branch.autosetuprebase::
 	remote-tracking branches.
 	When `always`, rebase will be set to true for all tracking
 	branches.
-	See "branch.autosetupmerge" for details on how to set up a
+	See "branch.autoSetupMerge" for details on how to set up a
 	branch to track another branch.
 	This option defaults to never.
 
 branch.<name>.remote::
-	When in branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push' which
-	remote to fetch from/push to.  It defaults to `origin` if no remote is
-	configured. `origin` is also used if you are not on any branch.
+	When on branch <name>, it tells 'git fetch' and 'git push'
+	which remote to fetch from/push to.  The remote to push to
+	may be overridden with `remote.pushDefault` (for all branches).
+	The remote to push to, for the current branch, may be further
+	overridden by `branch.<name>.pushRemote`.  If no remote is
+	configured, or if you are not on any branch, it defaults to
+	`origin` for fetching and `remote.pushDefault` for pushing.
+	Additionally, `.` (a period) is the current local repository
+	(a dot-repository), see `branch.<name>.merge`'s final note below.
+
+branch.<name>.pushRemote::
+	When on branch <name>, it overrides `branch.<name>.remote` for
+	pushing.  It also overrides `remote.pushDefault` for pushing
+	from branch <name>.  When you pull from one place (e.g. your
+	upstream) and push to another place (e.g. your own publishing
+	repository), you would want to set `remote.pushDefault` to
+	specify the remote to push to for all branches, and use this
+	option to override it for a specific branch.
 
 branch.<name>.merge::
 	Defines, together with branch.<name>.remote, the upstream branch
@@ -679,10 +835,10 @@ branch.<name>.merge::
 	Specify multiple values to get an octopus merge.
 	If you wish to setup 'git pull' so that it merges into <name> from
 	another branch in the local repository, you can point
-	branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the special setting
-	`.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote.
+	branch.<name>.merge to the desired branch, and use the relative path
+	setting `.` (a period) for branch.<name>.remote.
 
-branch.<name>.mergeoptions::
+branch.<name>.mergeOptions::
 	Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
 	supported options are the same as those of linkgit:git-merge[1], but
 	option values containing whitespace characters are currently not
@@ -694,10 +850,20 @@ branch.<name>.rebase::
 	"git pull" is run. See "pull.rebase" for doing this in a non
 	branch-specific manner.
 +
+	When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase'
+	so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened
+	by running 'git pull'.
++
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 for details).
 
+branch.<name>.description::
+	Branch description, can be edited with
+	`git branch --edit-description`. Branch description is
+	automatically added in the format-patch cover letter or
+	request-pull summary.
+
 browser.<tool>.cmd::
 	Specify the command to invoke the specified browser. The
 	specified command is evaluated in shell with the URLs passed
@@ -709,8 +875,8 @@ browser.<tool>.path::
 	working repository in gitweb (see linkgit:git-instaweb[1]).
 
 clean.requireForce::
-	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f
-	or -n.   Defaults to true.
+	A boolean to make git-clean do nothing unless given -f,
+	-i or -n.   Defaults to true.
 
 color.branch::
 	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
@@ -721,16 +887,9 @@ color.branch::
 color.branch.<slot>::
 	Use customized color for branch coloration. `<slot>` is one of
 	`current` (the current branch), `local` (a local branch),
-	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/), `plain` (other
+	`remote` (a remote-tracking branch in refs/remotes/),
+	`upstream` (upstream tracking branch), `plain` (other
 	refs).
-+
-The value for these configuration variables is a list of colors (at most
-two) and attributes (at most one), separated by spaces.  The colors
-accepted are `normal`, `black`, `red`, `green`, `yellow`, `blue`,
-`magenta`, `cyan` and `white`; the attributes are `bold`, `dim`, `ul`,
-`blink` and `reverse`.  The first color given is the foreground; the
-second is the background.  The position of the attribute, if any,
-doesn't matter.
 
 color.diff::
 	Whether to use ANSI escape sequences to add color to patches.
@@ -740,7 +899,7 @@ color.diff::
 	commands will only use color when output is to the terminal.
 	Defaults to false.
 +
-This does not affect linkgit:git-format-patch[1] nor the
+This does not affect linkgit:git-format-patch[1] or the
 'git-diff-{asterisk}' plumbing commands.  Can be overridden on the
 command line with the `--color[=<when>]` option.
 
@@ -750,8 +909,7 @@ color.diff.<slot>::
 	of `plain` (context text), `meta` (metainformation), `frag`
 	(hunk header), 'func' (function in hunk header), `old` (removed lines),
 	`new` (added lines), `commit` (commit headers), or `whitespace`
-	(highlighting whitespace errors). The values of these variables may be
-	specified as in color.branch.<slot>.
+	(highlighting whitespace errors).
 
 color.decorate.<slot>::
 	Use customized color for 'git log --decorate' output.  `<slot>` is one
@@ -777,34 +935,36 @@ color.grep.<slot>::
 `linenumber`;;
 	line number prefix (when using `-n`)
 `match`;;
-	matching text
+	matching text (same as setting `matchContext` and `matchSelected`)
+`matchContext`;;
+	matching text in context lines
+`matchSelected`;;
+	matching text in selected lines
 `selected`;;
 	non-matching text in selected lines
 `separator`;;
 	separators between fields on a line (`:`, `-`, and `=`)
 	and between hunks (`--`)
 --
-+
-The values of these variables may be specified as in color.branch.<slot>.
 
 color.interactive::
 	When set to `always`, always use colors for interactive prompts
-	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive").
-	When false (or `never`), never.  When set to `true` or `auto`, use
-	colors only when the output is to the terminal. Defaults to false.
+	and displays (such as those used by "git-add --interactive" and
+	"git-clean --interactive"). When false (or `never`), never.
+	When set to `true` or `auto`, use colors only when the output is
+	to the terminal. Defaults to false.
 
 color.interactive.<slot>::
-	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive'
-	output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help` or `error`, for
-	four distinct types of normal output from interactive
-	commands.  The values of these variables may be specified as
-	in color.branch.<slot>.
+	Use customized color for 'git add --interactive' and 'git clean
+	--interactive' output. `<slot>` may be `prompt`, `header`, `help`
+	or `error`, for four distinct types of normal output from
+	interactive commands.
 
 color.pager::
 	A boolean to enable/disable colored output when the pager is in
 	use (default is true).
 
-color.showbranch::
+color.showBranch::
 	A boolean to enable/disable color in the output of
 	linkgit:git-show-branch[1]. May be set to `always`,
 	`false` (or `never`) or `auto` (or `true`), in which case colors are used
@@ -821,22 +981,96 @@ color.status.<slot>::
 	one of `header` (the header text of the status message),
 	`added` or `updated` (files which are added but not committed),
 	`changed` (files which are changed but not added in the index),
-	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by git),
-	`branch` (the current branch), or
+	`untracked` (files which are not tracked by Git),
+	`branch` (the current branch),
 	`nobranch` (the color the 'no branch' warning is shown in, defaulting
-	to red). The values of these variables may be specified as in
-	color.branch.<slot>.
+	to red), or
+	`unmerged` (files which have unmerged changes).
 
 color.ui::
 	This variable determines the default value for variables such
 	as `color.diff` and `color.grep` that control the use of color
 	per command family. Its scope will expand as more commands learn
 	configuration to set a default for the `--color` option.  Set it
-	to `always` if you want all output not intended for machine
-	consumption to use color, to `true` or `auto` if you want such
-	output to use color when written to the terminal, or to `false` or
-	`never` if you prefer git commands not to use color unless enabled
-	explicitly with some other configuration or the `--color` option.
+	to `false` or `never` if you prefer Git commands not to use
+	color unless enabled explicitly with some other configuration
+	or the `--color` option. Set it to `always` if you want all
+	output not intended for machine consumption to use color, to
+	`true` or `auto` (this is the default since Git 1.8.4) if you
+	want such output to use color when written to the terminal.
+
+column.ui::
+	Specify whether supported commands should output in columns.
+	This variable consists of a list of tokens separated by spaces
+	or commas:
++
+These options control when the feature should be enabled
+(defaults to 'never'):
++
+--
+`always`;;
+	always show in columns
+`never`;;
+	never show in columns
+`auto`;;
+	show in columns if the output is to the terminal
+--
++
+These options control layout (defaults to 'column').  Setting any
+of these implies 'always' if none of 'always', 'never', or 'auto' are
+specified.
++
+--
+`column`;;
+	fill columns before rows
+`row`;;
+	fill rows before columns
+`plain`;;
+	show in one column
+--
++
+Finally, these options can be combined with a layout option (defaults
+to 'nodense'):
++
+--
+`dense`;;
+	make unequal size columns to utilize more space
+`nodense`;;
+	make equal size columns
+--
+
+column.branch::
+	Specify whether to output branch listing in `git branch` in columns.
+	See `column.ui` for details.
+
+column.clean::
+	Specify the layout when list items in `git clean -i`, which always
+	shows files and directories in columns. See `column.ui` for details.
+
+column.status::
+	Specify whether to output untracked files in `git status` in columns.
+	See `column.ui` for details.
+
+column.tag::
+	Specify whether to output tag listing in `git tag` in columns.
+	See `column.ui` for details.
+
+commit.cleanup::
+	This setting overrides the default of the `--cleanup` option in
+	`git commit`. See linkgit:git-commit[1] for details. Changing the
+	default can be useful when you always want to keep lines that begin
+	with comment character `#` in your log message, in which case you
+	would do `git config commit.cleanup whitespace` (note that you will
+	have to remove the help lines that begin with `#` in the commit log
+	template yourself, if you do this).
+
+commit.gpgSign::
+
+	A boolean to specify whether all commits should be GPG signed.
+	Use of this option when doing operations such as rebase can
+	result in a large number of commits being signed. It may be
+	convenient to use an agent to avoid typing your GPG passphrase
+	several times.
 
 commit.status::
 	A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the
@@ -845,7 +1079,7 @@ commit.status::
 
 commit.template::
 	Specify a file to use as the template for new commit messages.
-	"{tilde}/" is expanded to the value of `$HOME` and "{tilde}user/" to the
+	"`~/`" is expanded to the value of `$HOME` and "`~user/`" to the
 	specified user's home directory.
 
 credential.helper::
@@ -888,12 +1122,6 @@ difftool.<tool>.cmd::
 difftool.prompt::
 	Prompt before each invocation of the diff tool.
 
-diff.wordRegex::
-	A POSIX Extended Regular Expression used to determine what is a "word"
-	when performing word-by-word difference calculations.  Character
-	sequences that match the regular expression are "words", all other
-	characters are *ignorable* whitespace.
-
 fetch.recurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be either set to a boolean value or to 'on-demand'.
 	Setting it to a boolean changes the behavior of fetch and pull to
@@ -911,7 +1139,7 @@ fetch.fsckObjects::
 	is used instead.
 
 fetch.unpackLimit::
-	If the number of objects fetched over the git native
+	If the number of objects fetched over the Git native
 	transfer is below this
 	limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
 	files. However if the number of received objects equals or
@@ -921,6 +1149,10 @@ fetch.unpackLimit::
 	especially on slow filesystems.  If not set, the value of
 	`transfer.unpackLimit` is used instead.
 
+fetch.prune::
+	If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the `--prune`
+	option was given on the command line.  See also `remote.<name>.prune`.
+
 format.attach::
 	Enable multipart/mixed attachments as the default for
 	'format-patch'.  The value can also be a double quoted string
@@ -945,16 +1177,20 @@ format.cc::
 	by mail.  See the --to and --cc options in
 	linkgit:git-format-patch[1].
 
-format.subjectprefix::
+format.subjectPrefix::
 	The default for format-patch is to output files with the '[PATCH]'
 	subject prefix. Use this variable to change that prefix.
 
 format.signature::
 	The default for format-patch is to output a signature containing
-	the git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
+	the Git version number. Use this variable to change that default.
 	Set this variable to the empty string ("") to suppress
 	signature generation.
 
+format.signatureFile::
+	Works just like format.signature except the contents of the
+	file specified by this variable will be used as the signature.
+
 format.suffix::
 	The default for format-patch is to output files with the suffix
 	`.patch`. Use this variable to change that suffix (make sure to
@@ -970,17 +1206,22 @@ format.thread::
 	a boolean value, or `shallow` or `deep`.  `shallow` threading
 	makes every mail a reply to the head of the series,
 	where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
-	`\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.
+	`--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.
 	`deep` threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.
 	A true boolean value is the same as `shallow`, and a false
 	value disables threading.
 
-format.signoff::
-    A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
-    format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
-    patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
-    the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
-    Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+format.signOff::
+	A boolean value which lets you enable the `-s/--signoff` option of
+	format-patch by default. *Note:* Adding the Signed-off-by: line to a
+	patch should be a conscious act and means that you certify you have
+	the rights to submit this work under the same open source license.
+	Please see the 'SubmittingPatches' document for further discussion.
+
+format.coverLetter::
+	A boolean that controls whether to generate a cover-letter when
+	format-patch is invoked, but in addition can be set to "auto", to
+	generate a cover-letter only when there's more than one patch.
 
 filter.<driver>.clean::
 	The command which is used to convert the content of a worktree
@@ -992,6 +1233,11 @@ filter.<driver>.smudge::
 	object to a worktree file upon checkout.  See
 	linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
+gc.aggressiveDepth::
+	The depth parameter used in the delta compression
+	algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'.  This defaults
+	to 250.
+
 gc.aggressiveWindow::
 	The window size parameter used in the delta compression
 	algorithm used by 'git gc --aggressive'.  This defaults
@@ -1004,13 +1250,17 @@ gc.auto::
 	light-weight garbage collection from time to time.  The
 	default value is 6700.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
 
-gc.autopacklimit::
+gc.autoPackLimit::
 	When there are more than this many packs that are not
 	marked with `*.keep` file in the repository, `git gc
 	--auto` consolidates them into one larger pack.  The
 	default	value is 50.  Setting this to 0 disables it.
 
-gc.packrefs::
+gc.autoDetach::
+	Make `git gc --auto` return immediately and run in background
+	if the system supports it. Default is true.
+
+gc.packRefs::
 	Running `git pack-refs` in a repository renders it
 	unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb
 	transports such as HTTP.  This variable determines whether
@@ -1018,38 +1268,38 @@ gc.packrefs::
 	to enable it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a
 	boolean value.  The default is `true`.
 
-gc.pruneexpire::
+gc.pruneExpire::
 	When 'git gc' is run, it will call 'prune --expire 2.weeks.ago'.
 	Override the grace period with this config variable.  The value
 	"now" may be used to disable this  grace period and always prune
 	unreachable objects immediately.
 
-gc.reflogexpire::
-gc.<pattern>.reflogexpire::
+gc.reflogExpire::
+gc.<pattern>.reflogExpire::
 	'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
 	this time; defaults to 90 days.  With "<pattern>" (e.g.
 	"refs/stash") in the middle the setting applies only to
 	the refs that match the <pattern>.
 
-gc.reflogexpireunreachable::
-gc.<ref>.reflogexpireunreachable::
+gc.reflogExpireUnreachable::
+gc.<ref>.reflogExpireUnreachable::
 	'git reflog expire' removes reflog entries older than
 	this time and are not reachable from the current tip;
 	defaults to 30 days.  With "<pattern>" (e.g. "refs/stash")
 	in the middle, the setting applies only to the refs that
 	match the <pattern>.
 
-gc.rerereresolved::
+gc.rerereResolved::
 	Records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are
 	kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
 	The default is 60 days.  See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
 
-gc.rerereunresolved::
+gc.rerereUnresolved::
 	Records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
 	kept for this many days when 'git rerere gc' is run.
 	The default is 15 days.  See linkgit:git-rerere[1].
 
-gitcvs.commitmsgannotation::
+gitcvs.commitMsgAnnotation::
 	Append this string to each commit message. Set to empty string
 	to disable this feature. Defaults to "via git-CVS emulator".
 
@@ -1057,22 +1307,22 @@ gitcvs.enabled::
 	Whether the CVS server interface is enabled for this repository.
 	See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
 
-gitcvs.logfile::
+gitcvs.logFile::
 	Path to a log file where the CVS server interface well... logs
 	various stuff. See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
 
 gitcvs.usecrlfattr::
 	If true, the server will look up the end-of-line conversion
 	attributes for files to determine the '-k' modes to use. If
-	the attributes force git to treat a file as text,
+	the attributes force Git to treat a file as text,
 	the '-k' mode will be left blank so CVS clients will
 	treat it as text. If they suppress text conversion, the file
 	will be set with '-kb' mode, which suppresses any newline munging
 	the client might otherwise do. If the attributes do not allow
-	the file type to be determined, then 'gitcvs.allbinary' is
+	the file type to be determined, then 'gitcvs.allBinary' is
 	used. See linkgit:gitattributes[5].
 
-gitcvs.allbinary::
+gitcvs.allBinary::
 	This is used if 'gitcvs.usecrlfattr' does not resolve
 	the correct '-kb' mode to use. If true, all
 	unresolved files are sent to the client in
@@ -1082,26 +1332,26 @@ gitcvs.allbinary::
 	then the contents of the file are examined to decide if
 	it is binary, similar to 'core.autocrlf'.
 
-gitcvs.dbname::
+gitcvs.dbName::
 	Database used by git-cvsserver to cache revision information
-	derived from the git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
+	derived from the Git repository. The exact meaning depends on the
 	used database driver, for SQLite (which is the default driver) this
 	is a filename. Supports variable substitution (see
 	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details). May not contain semicolons (`;`).
 	Default: '%Ggitcvs.%m.sqlite'
 
-gitcvs.dbdriver::
+gitcvs.dbDriver::
 	Used Perl DBI driver. You can specify any available driver
-        for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
+	for this here, but it might not work. git-cvsserver is tested
 	with 'DBD::SQLite', reported to work with 'DBD::Pg', and
 	reported *not* to work with 'DBD::mysql'. Experimental feature.
 	May not contain double colons (`:`). Default: 'SQLite'.
 	See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
 
-gitcvs.dbuser, gitcvs.dbpass::
-	Database user and password. Only useful if setting 'gitcvs.dbdriver',
+gitcvs.dbUser, gitcvs.dbPass::
+	Database user and password. Only useful if setting 'gitcvs.dbDriver',
 	since SQLite has no concept of database users and/or passwords.
-	'gitcvs.dbuser' supports variable substitution (see
+	'gitcvs.dbUser' supports variable substitution (see
 	linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for details).
 
 gitcvs.dbTableNamePrefix::
@@ -1112,7 +1362,7 @@ gitcvs.dbTableNamePrefix::
 	characters will be replaced with underscores.
 
 All gitcvs variables except for 'gitcvs.usecrlfattr' and
-'gitcvs.allbinary' can also be specified as
+'gitcvs.allBinary' can also be specified as
 'gitcvs.<access_method>.<varname>' (where 'access_method'
 is one of "ext" and "pserver") to make them apply only for the given
 access method.
@@ -1130,35 +1380,47 @@ gitweb.highlight::
 gitweb.patches::
 gitweb.pickaxe::
 gitweb.remote_heads::
-gitweb.showsizes::
+gitweb.showSizes::
 gitweb.snapshot::
 	See linkgit:gitweb.conf[5] for description.
 
 grep.lineNumber::
 	If set to true, enable '-n' option by default.
 
+grep.patternType::
+	Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended',
+	'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the '--basic-regexp', '--extended-regexp',
+	'--fixed-strings', or '--perl-regexp' option accordingly, while the
+	value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior.
+
 grep.extendedRegexp::
-	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default.
+	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default. This
+	option is ignored when the 'grep.patternType' option is set to a value
+	other than 'default'.
 
 gpg.program::
 	Use this custom program instead of "gpg" found on $PATH when
 	making or verifying a PGP signature. The program must support the
-	same command line interface as GPG, namely, to verify a detached
+	same command-line interface as GPG, namely, to verify a detached
 	signature, "gpg --verify $file - <$signature" is run, and the
 	program is expected to signal a good signature by exiting with
-	code 0, and to generate an ascii-armored detached signature, the
+	code 0, and to generate an ASCII-armored detached signature, the
 	standard input of "gpg -bsau $key" is fed with the contents to be
 	signed, and the program is expected to send the result to its
 	standard output.
 
-gui.commitmsgwidth::
+gui.commitMsgWidth::
 	Defines how wide the commit message window is in the
 	linkgit:git-gui[1]. "75" is the default.
 
-gui.diffcontext::
+gui.diffContext::
 	Specifies how many context lines should be used in calls to diff
 	made by the linkgit:git-gui[1]. The default is "5".
 
+gui.displayUntracked::
+	Determines if linkgit::git-gui[1] shows untracked files
+	in the file list. The default is "true".
+
 gui.encoding::
 	Specifies the default encoding to use for displaying of
 	file contents in linkgit:git-gui[1] and linkgit:gitk[1].
@@ -1167,16 +1429,16 @@ gui.encoding::
 	If this option is not set, the tools default to the
 	locale encoding.
 
-gui.matchtrackingbranch::
+gui.matchTrackingBranch::
 	Determines if new branches created with linkgit:git-gui[1] should
 	default to tracking remote branches with matching names or
 	not. Default: "false".
 
-gui.newbranchtemplate::
+gui.newBranchTemplate::
 	Is used as suggested name when creating new branches using the
 	linkgit:git-gui[1].
 
-gui.pruneduringfetch::
+gui.pruneDuringFetch::
 	"true" if linkgit:git-gui[1] should prune remote-tracking branches when
 	performing a fetch. The default value is "false".
 
@@ -1184,17 +1446,17 @@ gui.trustmtime::
 	Determines if linkgit:git-gui[1] should trust the file modification
 	timestamp or not. By default the timestamps are not trusted.
 
-gui.spellingdictionary::
+gui.spellingDictionary::
 	Specifies the dictionary used for spell checking commit messages in
 	the linkgit:git-gui[1]. When set to "none" spell checking is turned
 	off.
 
-gui.fastcopyblame::
+gui.fastCopyBlame::
 	If true, 'git gui blame' uses `-C` instead of `-C -C` for original
 	location detection. It makes blame significantly faster on huge
 	repositories at the expense of less thorough copy detection.
 
-gui.copyblamethreshold::
+gui.copyBlameThreshold::
 	Specifies the threshold to use in 'git gui blame' original location
 	detection, measured in alphanumeric characters. See the
 	linkgit:git-blame[1] manual for more information on copy detection.
@@ -1214,22 +1476,22 @@ guitool.<name>.cmd::
 	'FILENAME', and the name of the current branch as 'CUR_BRANCH' (if
 	the head is detached, 'CUR_BRANCH' is empty).
 
-guitool.<name>.needsfile::
+guitool.<name>.needsFile::
 	Run the tool only if a diff is selected in the GUI. It guarantees
 	that 'FILENAME' is not empty.
 
-guitool.<name>.noconsole::
+guitool.<name>.noConsole::
 	Run the command silently, without creating a window to display its
 	output.
 
-guitool.<name>.norescan::
+guitool.<name>.noRescan::
 	Don't rescan the working directory for changes after the tool
 	finishes execution.
 
 guitool.<name>.confirm::
 	Show a confirmation dialog before actually running the tool.
 
-guitool.<name>.argprompt::
+guitool.<name>.argPrompt::
 	Request a string argument from the user, and pass it to the tool
 	through the 'ARGS' environment variable. Since requesting an
 	argument implies confirmation, the 'confirm' option has no effect
@@ -1237,13 +1499,13 @@ guitool.<name>.argprompt::
 	the dialog uses a built-in generic prompt; otherwise the exact
 	value of the variable is used.
 
-guitool.<name>.revprompt::
+guitool.<name>.revPrompt::
 	Request a single valid revision from the user, and set the
 	'REVISION' environment variable. In other aspects this option
-	is similar to 'argprompt', and can be used together with it.
+	is similar to 'argPrompt', and can be used together with it.
 
-guitool.<name>.revunmerged::
-	Show only unmerged branches in the 'revprompt' subdialog.
+guitool.<name>.revUnmerged::
+	Show only unmerged branches in the 'revPrompt' subdialog.
 	This is useful for tools similar to merge or rebase, but not
 	for things like checkout or reset.
 
@@ -1253,7 +1515,7 @@ guitool.<name>.title::
 
 guitool.<name>.prompt::
 	Specifies the general prompt string to display at the top of
-	the dialog, before subsections for 'argprompt' and 'revprompt'.
+	the dialog, before subsections for 'argPrompt' and 'revPrompt'.
 	The default value includes the actual command.
 
 help.browser::
@@ -1265,7 +1527,7 @@ help.format::
 	Values 'man', 'info', 'web' and 'html' are supported. 'man' is
 	the default. 'web' and 'html' are the same.
 
-help.autocorrect::
+help.autoCorrect::
 	Automatically correct and execute mistyped commands after
 	waiting for the given number of deciseconds (0.1 sec). If more
 	than one command can be deduced from the entered text, nothing
@@ -1274,19 +1536,29 @@ help.autocorrect::
 	value is 0 - the command will be just shown but not executed.
 	This is the default.
 
+help.htmlPath::
+	Specify the path where the HTML documentation resides. File system paths
+	and URLs are supported. HTML pages will be prefixed with this path when
+	help is displayed in the 'web' format. This defaults to the documentation
+	path of your Git installation.
+
 http.proxy::
 	Override the HTTP proxy, normally configured using the 'http_proxy',
 	'https_proxy', and 'all_proxy' environment variables (see
 	`curl(1)`).  This can be overridden on a per-remote basis; see
 	remote.<name>.proxy
 
-http.cookiefile::
+http.cookieFile::
 	File containing previously stored cookie lines which should be used
-	in the git http session, if they match the server. The file format
+	in the Git http session, if they match the server. The file format
 	of the file to read cookies from should be plain HTTP headers or
 	the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format (see linkgit:curl[1]).
-	NOTE that the file specified with http.cookiefile is only used as
-	input. No cookies will be stored in the file.
+	NOTE that the file specified with http.cookieFile is only used as
+	input unless http.saveCookies is set.
+
+http.saveCookies::
+	If set, store cookies received during requests to the file specified by
+	http.cookieFile. Has no effect if http.cookieFile is unset.
 
 http.sslVerify::
 	Whether to verify the SSL certificate when fetching or pushing
@@ -1304,7 +1576,7 @@ http.sslKey::
 	variable.
 
 http.sslCertPasswordProtected::
-	Enable git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
+	Enable Git's password prompt for the SSL certificate.  Otherwise
 	OpenSSL will prompt the user, possibly many times, if the
 	certificate or private key is encrypted.  Can be overridden by the
 	'GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED' environment variable.
@@ -1319,6 +1591,14 @@ http.sslCAPath::
 	with when fetching or pushing over HTTPS. Can be overridden
 	by the 'GIT_SSL_CAPATH' environment variable.
 
+http.sslTry::
+	Attempt to use AUTH SSL/TLS and encrypted data transfers
+	when connecting via regular FTP protocol. This might be needed
+	if the FTP server requires it for security reasons or you wish
+	to connect securely whenever remote FTP server supports it.
+	Default is false since it might trigger certificate verification
+	errors on misconfigured servers.
+
 http.maxRequests::
 	How many HTTP requests to launch in parallel. Can be overridden
 	by the 'GIT_HTTP_MAX_REQUESTS' environment variable. Default is 5.
@@ -1349,17 +1629,62 @@ http.noEPSV::
 	support EPSV mode. Can be overridden by the 'GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV'
 	environment variable. Default is false (curl will use EPSV).
 
-http.useragent::
+http.userAgent::
 	The HTTP USER_AGENT string presented to an HTTP server.  The default
-	value represents the version of the client git such as git/1.7.1.
+	value represents the version of the client Git such as git/1.7.1.
 	This option allows you to override this value to a more common value
 	such as Mozilla/4.0.  This may be necessary, for instance, if
 	connecting through a firewall that restricts HTTP connections to a set
 	of common USER_AGENT strings (but not including those like git/1.7.1).
 	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT' environment variable.
 
+http.<url>.*::
+	Any of the http.* options above can be applied selectively to some URLs.
+	For a config key to match a URL, each element of the config key is
+	compared to that of the URL, in the following order:
++
+--
+. Scheme (e.g., `https` in `https://example.com/`). This field
+  must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+
+. Host/domain name (e.g., `example.com` in `https://example.com/`).
+  This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+
+. Port number (e.g., `8080` in `http://example.com:8080/`).
+  This field must match exactly between the config key and the URL.
+  Omitted port numbers are automatically converted to the correct
+  default for the scheme before matching.
+
+. Path (e.g., `repo.git` in `https://example.com/repo.git`). The
+  path field of the config key must match the path field of the URL
+  either exactly or as a prefix of slash-delimited path elements.  This means
+  a config key with path `foo/` matches URL path `foo/bar`.  A prefix can only
+  match on a slash (`/`) boundary.  Longer matches take precedence (so a config
+  key with path `foo/bar` is a better match to URL path `foo/bar` than a config
+  key with just path `foo/`).
+
+. User name (e.g., `user` in `https://user@example.com/repo.git`). If
+  the config key has a user name it must match the user name in the
+  URL exactly. If the config key does not have a user name, that
+  config key will match a URL with any user name (including none),
+  but at a lower precedence than a config key with a user name.
+--
++
+The list above is ordered by decreasing precedence; a URL that matches
+a config key's path is preferred to one that matches its user name. For example,
+if the URL is `https://user@example.com/foo/bar` a config key match of
+`https://example.com/foo` will be preferred over a config key match of
+`https://user@example.com`.
++
+All URLs are normalized before attempting any matching (the password part,
+if embedded in the URL, is always ignored for matching purposes) so that
+equivalent URLs that are simply spelled differently will match properly.
+Environment variable settings always override any matches.  The URLs that are
+matched against are those given directly to Git commands.  This means any URLs
+visited as a result of a redirection do not participate in matching.
+
 i18n.commitEncoding::
-	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; git itself
+	Character encoding the commit messages are stored in; Git itself
 	does not care per se, but this information is necessary e.g. when
 	importing commits from emails or in the gitk graphical history
 	browser (and possibly at other places in the future or in other
@@ -1373,7 +1698,11 @@ imap::
 	The configuration variables in the 'imap' section are described
 	in linkgit:git-imap-send[1].
 
-init.templatedir::
+index.version::
+	Specify the version with which new index files should be
+	initialized.  This does not affect existing repositories.
+
+init.templateDir::
 	Specify the directory from which templates will be copied.
 	(See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of linkgit:git-init[1].)
 
@@ -1389,7 +1718,7 @@ instaweb.local::
 	If true the web server started by linkgit:git-instaweb[1] will
 	be bound to the local IP (127.0.0.1).
 
-instaweb.modulepath::
+instaweb.modulePath::
 	The default module path for linkgit:git-instaweb[1] to use
 	instead of /usr/lib/apache2/modules.  Only used if httpd
 	is Apache.
@@ -1398,24 +1727,24 @@ instaweb.port::
 	The port number to bind the gitweb httpd to. See
 	linkgit:git-instaweb[1].
 
-interactive.singlekey::
+interactive.singleKey::
 	In interactive commands, allow the user to provide one-letter
 	input with a single key (i.e., without hitting enter).
-	Currently this is used by the `\--patch` mode of
+	Currently this is used by the `--patch` mode of
 	linkgit:git-add[1], linkgit:git-checkout[1], linkgit:git-commit[1],
 	linkgit:git-reset[1], and linkgit:git-stash[1]. Note that this
 	setting is silently ignored if portable keystroke input
-	is not available.
+	is not available; requires the Perl module Term::ReadKey.
 
 log.abbrevCommit::
 	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
-	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `\--abbrev-commit`. You may
-	override this option with `\--no-abbrev-commit`.
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--abbrev-commit`. You may
+	override this option with `--no-abbrev-commit`.
 
 log.date::
 	Set the default date-time mode for the 'log' command.
 	Setting a value for log.date is similar to using 'git log''s
-	`\--date` option.  Possible values are `relative`, `local`,
+	`--date` option.  Possible values are `relative`, `local`,
 	`default`, `iso`, `rfc`, and `short`; see linkgit:git-log[1]
 	for details.
 
@@ -1426,12 +1755,23 @@ log.decorate::
 	specified, the full ref name (including prefix) will be printed.
 	This is the same as the log commands '--decorate' option.
 
-log.showroot::
+log.showRoot::
 	If true, the initial commit will be shown as a big creation event.
 	This is equivalent to a diff against an empty tree.
 	Tools like linkgit:git-log[1] or linkgit:git-whatchanged[1], which
 	normally hide the root commit will now show it. True by default.
 
+log.mailmap::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-show[1], and
+	linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] assume `--use-mailmap`.
+
+mailinfo.scissors::
+	If true, makes linkgit:git-mailinfo[1] (and therefore
+	linkgit:git-am[1]) act by default as if the --scissors option
+	was provided on the command-line. When active, this features
+	removes everything from the message body before a scissors
+	line (i.e. consisting mainly of ">8", "8<" and "-").
+
 mailmap.file::
 	The location of an augmenting mailmap file. The default
 	mailmap, located in the root of the repository, is loaded
@@ -1440,6 +1780,14 @@ mailmap.file::
 	subdirectory, or somewhere outside of the repository itself.
 	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1].
 
+mailmap.blob::
+	Like `mailmap.file`, but consider the value as a reference to a
+	blob in the repository. If both `mailmap.file` and
+	`mailmap.blob` are given, both are parsed, with entries from
+	`mailmap.file` taking precedence. In a bare repository, this
+	defaults to `HEAD:.mailmap`. In a non-bare repository, it
+	defaults to empty.
+
 man.viewer::
 	Specify the programs that may be used to display help in the
 	'man' format. See linkgit:git-help[1].
@@ -1478,6 +1826,15 @@ mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode::
 	if the file has been updated, otherwise the user is prompted to
 	indicate the success of the merge.
 
+mergetool.meld.hasOutput::
+	Older versions of `meld` do not support the `--output` option.
+	Git will attempt to detect whether `meld` supports `--output`
+	by inspecting the output of `meld --help`.  Configuring
+	`mergetool.meld.hasOutput` will make Git skip these checks and
+	use the configured value instead.  Setting `mergetool.meld.hasOutput`
+	to `true` tells Git to unconditionally use the `--output` option,
+	and `false` avoids using `--output`.
+
 mergetool.keepBackup::
 	After performing a merge, the original file with conflict markers
 	can be saved as a file with a `.orig` extension.  If this variable
@@ -1485,12 +1842,18 @@ mergetool.keepBackup::
 	`true` (i.e. keep the backup files).
 
 mergetool.keepTemporaries::
-	When invoking a custom merge tool, git uses a set of temporary
+	When invoking a custom merge tool, Git uses a set of temporary
 	files to pass to the tool. If the tool returns an error and this
 	variable is set to `true`, then these temporary files will be
 	preserved, otherwise they will be removed after the tool has
 	exited. Defaults to `false`.
 
+mergetool.writeToTemp::
+	Git writes temporary 'BASE', 'LOCAL', and 'REMOTE' versions of
+	conflicting files in the worktree by default.  Git will attempt
+	to use a temporary directory for these files when set `true`.
+	Defaults to `false`.
+
 mergetool.prompt::
 	Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program.
 
@@ -1513,7 +1876,7 @@ displayed.
 
 notes.rewrite.<command>::
 	When rewriting commits with <command> (currently `amend` or
-	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, git
+	`rebase`) and this variable is set to `true`, Git
 	automatically copies your notes from the original to the
 	rewritten commit.  Defaults to `true`, but see
 	"notes.rewriteRef" below.
@@ -1551,10 +1914,11 @@ pack.depth::
 	maximum depth is given on the command line. Defaults to 50.
 
 pack.windowMemory::
-	The window memory size limit used by linkgit:git-pack-objects[1]
-	when no limit is given on the command line.  The value can be
-	suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".  Defaults to 0, meaning no
-	limit.
+	The maximum size of memory that is consumed by each thread
+	in linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] for pack window memory when
+	no limit is given on the command line.  The value can be
+	suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".  When left unconfigured (or
+	set explicitly to 0), there will be no limit.
 
 pack.compression::
 	An integer -1..9, indicating the compression level for objects
@@ -1593,7 +1957,7 @@ pack.threads::
 	warning. This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
 	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search window
 	is however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and set the number of threads accordingly.
 
 pack.indexVersion::
@@ -1605,29 +1969,49 @@ pack.indexVersion::
 	and this config option ignored whenever the corresponding pack is
 	larger than 2 GB.
 +
-If you have an old git that does not understand the version 2 `{asterisk}.idx` file,
+If you have an old Git that does not understand the version 2 `*.idx` file,
 cloning or fetching over a non native protocol (e.g. "http" and "rsync")
-that will copy both `{asterisk}.pack` file and corresponding `{asterisk}.idx` file from the
+that will copy both `*.pack` file and corresponding `*.idx` file from the
 other side may give you a repository that cannot be accessed with your
-older version of git. If the `{asterisk}.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
+older version of Git. If the `*.pack` file is smaller than 2 GB, however,
 you can use linkgit:git-index-pack[1] on the *.pack file to regenerate
-the `{asterisk}.idx` file.
+the `*.idx` file.
 
 pack.packSizeLimit::
 	The maximum size of a pack.  This setting only affects
 	packing to a file when repacking, i.e. the git:// protocol
-	is unaffected.  It can be overridden by the `\--max-pack-size`
+	is unaffected.  It can be overridden by the `--max-pack-size`
 	option of linkgit:git-repack[1]. The minimum size allowed is
 	limited to 1 MiB. The default is unlimited.
 	Common unit suffixes of 'k', 'm', or 'g' are
 	supported.
 
+pack.useBitmaps::
+	When true, git will use pack bitmaps (if available) when packing
+	to stdout (e.g., during the server side of a fetch). Defaults to
+	true. You should not generally need to turn this off unless
+	you are debugging pack bitmaps.
+
+pack.writeBitmaps (deprecated)::
+	This is a deprecated synonym for `repack.writeBitmaps`.
+
+pack.writeBitmapHashCache::
+	When true, git will include a "hash cache" section in the bitmap
+	index (if one is written). This cache can be used to feed git's
+	delta heuristics, potentially leading to better deltas between
+	bitmapped and non-bitmapped objects (e.g., when serving a fetch
+	between an older, bitmapped pack and objects that have been
+	pushed since the last gc). The downside is that it consumes 4
+	bytes per object of disk space, and that JGit's bitmap
+	implementation does not understand it, causing it to complain if
+	Git and JGit are used on the same repository. Defaults to false.
+
 pager.<cmd>::
 	If the value is boolean, turns on or off pagination of the
-	output of a particular git subcommand when writing to a tty.
+	output of a particular Git subcommand when writing to a tty.
 	Otherwise, turns on pagination for the subcommand using the
-	pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`.  If `\--paginate`
-	or `\--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes
+	pager specified by the value of `pager.<cmd>`.  If `--paginate`
+	or `--no-pager` is specified on the command line, it takes
 	precedence over this option.  To disable pagination for all
 	commands, set `core.pager` or `GIT_PAGER` to `cat`.
 
@@ -1635,18 +2019,32 @@ pretty.<name>::
 	Alias for a --pretty= format string, as specified in
 	linkgit:git-log[1]. Any aliases defined here can be used just
 	as the built-in pretty formats could. For example,
-	running `git config pretty.changelog "format:{asterisk} %H %s"`
+	running `git config pretty.changelog "format:* %H %s"`
 	would cause the invocation `git log --pretty=changelog`
-	to be equivalent to running `git log "--pretty=format:{asterisk} %H %s"`.
+	to be equivalent to running `git log "--pretty=format:* %H %s"`.
 	Note that an alias with the same name as a built-in format
 	will be silently ignored.
 
+pull.ff::
+	By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
+	a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the
+	tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to `false`,
+	this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such
+	a case (equivalent to giving the `--no-ff` option from the command
+	line). When set to `only`, only such fast-forward merges are
+	allowed (equivalent to giving the `--ff-only` option from the
+	command line).
+
 pull.rebase::
 	When true, rebase branches on top of the fetched branch, instead
 	of merging the default branch from the default remote when "git
 	pull" is run. See "branch.<name>.rebase" for setting this on a
 	per-branch basis.
 +
+	When preserve, also pass `--preserve-merges` along to 'git rebase'
+	so that locally committed merge commits will not be flattened
+	by running 'git pull'.
++
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand the implications (see linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 for details).
@@ -1659,31 +2057,110 @@ pull.twohead::
 	The default merge strategy to use when pulling a single branch.
 
 push.default::
-	Defines the action git push should take if no refspec is given
-	on the command line, no refspec is configured in the remote, and
-	no refspec is implied by any of the options given on the command
-	line. Possible values are:
-+
-* `nothing` - do not push anything.
-* `matching` - push all matching branches.
-  All branches having the same name in both ends are considered to be
-  matching. This is the default.
-* `upstream` - push the current branch to its upstream branch.
-* `tracking` - deprecated synonym for `upstream`.
-* `current` - push the current branch to a branch of the same name.
+	Defines the action `git push` should take if no refspec is
+	explicitly given.  Different values are well-suited for
+	specific workflows; for instance, in a purely central workflow
+	(i.e. the fetch source is equal to the push destination),
+	`upstream` is probably what you want.  Possible values are:
++
+--
+
+* `nothing` - do not push anything (error out) unless a refspec is
+  explicitly given. This is primarily meant for people who want to
+  avoid mistakes by always being explicit.
+
+* `current` - push the current branch to update a branch with the same
+  name on the receiving end.  Works in both central and non-central
+  workflows.
+
+* `upstream` - push the current branch back to the branch whose
+  changes are usually integrated into the current branch (which is
+  called `@{upstream}`).  This mode only makes sense if you are
+  pushing to the same repository you would normally pull from
+  (i.e. central workflow).
+
+* `simple` - in centralized workflow, work like `upstream` with an
+  added safety to refuse to push if the upstream branch's name is
+  different from the local one.
++
+When pushing to a remote that is different from the remote you normally
+pull from, work as `current`.  This is the safest option and is suited
+for beginners.
++
+This mode has become the default in Git 2.0.
+
+* `matching` - push all branches having the same name on both ends.
+  This makes the repository you are pushing to remember the set of
+  branches that will be pushed out (e.g. if you always push 'maint'
+  and 'master' there and no other branches, the repository you push
+  to will have these two branches, and your local 'maint' and
+  'master' will be pushed there).
++
+To use this mode effectively, you have to make sure _all_ the
+branches you would push out are ready to be pushed out before
+running 'git push', as the whole point of this mode is to allow you
+to push all of the branches in one go.  If you usually finish work
+on only one branch and push out the result, while other branches are
+unfinished, this mode is not for you.  Also this mode is not
+suitable for pushing into a shared central repository, as other
+people may add new branches there, or update the tip of existing
+branches outside your control.
++
+This used to be the default, but not since Git 2.0 (`simple` is the
+new default).
+
+--
+
+push.followTags::
+	If set to true enable '--follow-tags' option by default.  You
+	may override this configuration at time of push by specifying
+	'--no-follow-tags'.
+
 
 rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
 	rebase. False by default.
 
-rebase.autosquash::
+rebase.autoSquash::
 	If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
 
+rebase.autoStash::
+	When set to true, automatically create a temporary stash
+	before the operation begins, and apply it after the operation
+	ends.  This means that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree.
+	However, use with care: the final stash application after a
+	successful rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts.
+	Defaults to false.
+
+receive.advertiseAtomic::
+	By default, git-receive-pack will advertise the atomic push
+	capability to its clients. If you don't want to this capability
+	to be advertised, set this variable to false.
+
 receive.autogc::
 	By default, git-receive-pack will run "git-gc --auto" after
 	receiving data from git-push and updating refs.  You can stop
 	it by setting this variable to false.
 
+receive.certNonceSeed::
+	By setting this variable to a string, `git receive-pack`
+	will accept a `git push --signed` and verifies it by using
+	a "nonce" protected by HMAC using this string as a secret
+	key.
+
+receive.certNonceSlop::
+	When a `git push --signed` sent a push certificate with a
+	"nonce" that was issued by a receive-pack serving the same
+	repository within this many seconds, export the "nonce"
+	found in the certificate to `GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE` to the
+	hooks (instead of what the receive-pack asked the sending
+	side to include).  This may allow writing checks in
+	`pre-receive` and `post-receive` a bit easier.  Instead of
+	checking `GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP` environment variable
+	that records by how many seconds the nonce is stale to
+	decide if they want to accept the certificate, they only
+	can check `GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS` is `OK`.
+
 receive.fsckObjects::
 	If it is set to true, git-receive-pack will check all received
 	objects. It will abort in the case of a malformed object or a
@@ -1717,6 +2194,17 @@ receive.denyCurrentBranch::
 	print a warning of such a push to stderr, but allow the push to
 	proceed. If set to false or "ignore", allow such pushes with no
 	message. Defaults to "refuse".
++
+Another option is "updateInstead" which will update the working
+tree if pushing into the current branch.  This option is
+intended for synchronizing working directories when one side is not easily
+accessible via interactive ssh (e.g. a live web site, hence the requirement
+that the working directory be clean). This mode also comes in handy when
+developing inside a VM to test and fix code on different Operating Systems.
++
+By default, "updateInstead" will refuse the push if the working tree or
+the index have any difference from the HEAD, but the `push-to-checkout`
+hook can be used to customize this.  See linkgit:githooks[5].
 
 receive.denyNonFastForwards::
 	If set to true, git-receive-pack will deny a ref update which is
@@ -1724,10 +2212,28 @@ receive.denyNonFastForwards::
 	even if that push is forced. This configuration variable is
 	set when initializing a shared repository.
 
-receive.updateserverinfo::
+receive.hideRefs::
+	String(s) `receive-pack` uses to decide which refs to omit
+	from its initial advertisement.  Use more than one
+	definitions to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that
+	are under the hierarchies listed on the value of this
+	variable is excluded, and is hidden when responding to `git
+	push`, and an attempt to update or delete a hidden ref by
+	`git push` is rejected.
+
+receive.updateServerInfo::
 	If set to true, git-receive-pack will run git-update-server-info
 	after receiving data from git-push and updating refs.
 
+receive.shallowUpdate::
+	If set to true, .git/shallow can be updated when new refs
+	require new shallow roots. Otherwise those refs are rejected.
+
+remote.pushDefault::
+	The remote to push to by default.  Overrides
+	`branch.<name>.remote` for all branches, and is overridden by
+	`branch.<name>.pushRemote` for specific branches.
+
 remote.<name>.url::
 	The URL of a remote repository.  See linkgit:git-fetch[1] or
 	linkgit:git-push[1].
@@ -1750,7 +2256,7 @@ remote.<name>.push::
 
 remote.<name>.mirror::
 	If true, pushing to this remote will automatically behave
-	as if the `\--mirror` option was given on the command line.
+	as if the `--mirror` option was given on the command line.
 
 remote.<name>.skipDefaultUpdate::
 	If true, this remote will be skipped by default when updating
@@ -1770,7 +2276,7 @@ remote.<name>.uploadpack::
 	The default program to execute on the remote side when fetching.  See
 	option \--upload-pack of linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1].
 
-remote.<name>.tagopt::
+remote.<name>.tagOpt::
 	Setting this value to \--no-tags disables automatic tag following when
 	fetching from remote <name>. Setting it to \--tags will fetch every
 	tag from remote <name>, even if they are not reachable from remote
@@ -1779,22 +2285,43 @@ remote.<name>.tagopt::
 	linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 remote.<name>.vcs::
-	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause git to interact with
+	Setting this to a value <vcs> will cause Git to interact with
 	the remote with the git-remote-<vcs> helper.
 
+remote.<name>.prune::
+	When set to true, fetching from this remote by default will also
+	remove any remote-tracking references that no longer exist on the
+	remote (as if the `--prune` option was given on the command line).
+	Overrides `fetch.prune` settings, if any.
+
 remotes.<group>::
 	The list of remotes which are fetched by "git remote update
 	<group>".  See linkgit:git-remote[1].
 
-repack.usedeltabaseoffset::
+repack.useDeltaBaseOffset::
 	By default, linkgit:git-repack[1] creates packs that use
 	delta-base offset. If you need to share your repository with
-	git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
+	Git older than version 1.4.4, either directly or via a dumb
 	protocol such as http, then you need to set this option to
-	"false" and repack. Access from old git versions over the
+	"false" and repack. Access from old Git versions over the
 	native protocol are unaffected by this option.
 
-rerere.autoupdate::
+repack.packKeptObjects::
+	If set to true, makes `git repack` act as if
+	`--pack-kept-objects` was passed. See linkgit:git-repack[1] for
+	details. Defaults to `false` normally, but `true` if a bitmap
+	index is being written (either via `--write-bitmap-index` or
+	`repack.writeBitmaps`).
+
+repack.writeBitmaps::
+	When true, git will write a bitmap index when packing all
+	objects to disk (e.g., when `git repack -a` is run).  This
+	index can speed up the "counting objects" phase of subsequent
+	packs created for clones and fetches, at the cost of some disk
+	space and extra time spent on the initial repack.  Defaults to
+	false.
+
+rerere.autoUpdate::
 	When set to true, `git-rerere` updates the index with the
 	resulting contents after it cleanly resolves conflicts using
 	previously recorded resolution.  Defaults to false.
@@ -1813,12 +2340,16 @@ sendemail.identity::
 	values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
 	the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
 
-sendemail.smtpencryption::
+sendemail.smtpEncryption::
 	See linkgit:git-send-email[1] for description.  Note that this
 	setting is not subject to the 'identity' mechanism.
 
-sendemail.smtpssl::
-	Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.smtpencryption = ssl'.
+sendemail.smtpssl (deprecated)::
+	Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.smtpEncryption = ssl'.
+
+sendemail.smtpsslcertpath::
+	Path to ca-certificates (either a directory or a single file).
+	Set it to an empty string to disable certificate verification.
 
 sendemail.<identity>.*::
 	Identity-specific versions of the 'sendemail.*' parameters
@@ -1826,31 +2357,34 @@ sendemail.<identity>.*::
 	identity is selected, through command-line or
 	'sendemail.identity'.
 
-sendemail.aliasesfile::
-sendemail.aliasfiletype::
+sendemail.aliasesFile::
+sendemail.aliasFileType::
+sendemail.annotate::
 sendemail.bcc::
 sendemail.cc::
-sendemail.cccmd::
-sendemail.chainreplyto::
+sendemail.ccCmd::
+sendemail.chainReplyTo::
 sendemail.confirm::
-sendemail.envelopesender::
+sendemail.envelopeSender::
 sendemail.from::
-sendemail.multiedit::
+sendemail.multiEdit::
 sendemail.signedoffbycc::
-sendemail.smtppass::
+sendemail.smtpPass::
 sendemail.suppresscc::
-sendemail.suppressfrom::
+sendemail.suppressFrom::
 sendemail.to::
-sendemail.smtpdomain::
-sendemail.smtpserver::
-sendemail.smtpserverport::
-sendemail.smtpserveroption::
-sendemail.smtpuser::
+sendemail.smtpDomain::
+sendemail.smtpServer::
+sendemail.smtpServerPort::
+sendemail.smtpServerOption::
+sendemail.smtpUser::
 sendemail.thread::
+sendemail.transferEncoding::
 sendemail.validate::
+sendemail.xmailer::
 	See linkgit:git-send-email[1] for description.
 
-sendemail.signedoffcc::
+sendemail.signedoffcc (deprecated)::
 	Deprecated alias for 'sendemail.signedoffbycc'.
 
 showbranch.default::
@@ -1860,15 +2394,30 @@ showbranch.default::
 status.relativePaths::
 	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] shows paths relative to the
 	current directory. Setting this variable to `false` shows paths
-	relative to the repository root (this was the default for git
+	relative to the repository root (this was the default for Git
 	prior to v1.5.4).
 
+status.short::
+	Set to true to enable --short by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
+	The option --no-short takes precedence over this variable.
+
+status.branch::
+	Set to true to enable --branch by default in linkgit:git-status[1].
+	The option --no-branch takes precedence over this variable.
+
+status.displayCommentPrefix::
+	If set to true, linkgit:git-status[1] will insert a comment
+	prefix before each output line (starting with
+	`core.commentChar`, i.e. `#` by default). This was the
+	behavior of linkgit:git-status[1] in Git 1.8.4 and previous.
+	Defaults to false.
+
 status.showUntrackedFiles::
 	By default, linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1] show
 	files which are not currently tracked by Git. Directories which
 	contain only untracked files, are shown with the directory name
 	only. Showing untracked files means that Git needs to lstat() all
-	all the files in the whole repository, which might be slow on some
+	the files in the whole repository, which might be slow on some
 	systems. So, this variable controls how the commands displays
 	the untracked files. Possible values are:
 +
@@ -1882,33 +2431,54 @@ If this variable is not specified, it defaults to 'normal'.
 This variable can be overridden with the -u|--untracked-files option
 of linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-commit[1].
 
-status.submodulesummary::
+status.submoduleSummary::
 	Defaults to false.
 	If this is set to a non zero number or true (identical to -1 or an
 	unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled and a
 	summary of commits for modified submodules will be shown (see
-	--summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]).
+	--summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note
+	that the summary output command will be suppressed for all
+	submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only
+	for those submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. The only
+	exception to that rule is that status and commit will show staged
+	submodule changes. To
+	also view the summary for ignored submodules you can either use
+	the --ignore-submodules=dirty command-line option or the 'git
+	submodule summary' command, which shows a similar output but does
+	not honor these settings.
 
 submodule.<name>.path::
 submodule.<name>.url::
+	The path within this project and URL for a submodule. These
+	variables are initially populated by 'git submodule init'. See
+	linkgit:git-submodule[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5] for
+	details.
+
 submodule.<name>.update::
-	The path within this project, URL, and the updating strategy
-	for a submodule.  These variables are initially populated
-	by 'git submodule init'; edit them to override the
-	URL and other values found in the `.gitmodules` file.  See
-	linkgit:git-submodule[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
+	The default update procedure for a submodule. This variable
+	is populated by `git submodule init` from the
+	linkgit:gitmodules[5] file. See description of 'update'
+	command in linkgit:git-submodule[1].
+
+submodule.<name>.branch::
+	The remote branch name for a submodule, used by `git submodule
+	update --remote`.  Set this option to override the value found in
+	the `.gitmodules` file.  See linkgit:git-submodule[1] and
+	linkgit:gitmodules[5] for details.
 
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
 	submodule. It can be overridden by using the --[no-]recurse-submodules
-	command line option to "git fetch" and "git pull".
+	command-line option to "git fetch" and "git pull".
 	This setting will override that from in the linkgit:gitmodules[5]
 	file.
 
 submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	Defines under what circumstances "git status" and the diff family show
 	a submodule as modified. When set to "all", it will never be considered
-	modified, "dirty" will ignore all changes to the submodules work tree and
+	modified (but it will nonetheless show up in the output of status and
+	commit when it has been staged), "dirty" will ignore all changes
+	to the submodules work tree and
 	takes only differences between the HEAD of the submodule and the commit
 	recorded in the superproject into account. "untracked" will additionally
 	let submodules with modified tracked files in their work tree show up.
@@ -1916,7 +2486,13 @@ submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	submodules that have untracked files in their work tree as changed.
 	This setting overrides any setting made in .gitmodules for this submodule,
 	both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
-	"--ignore-submodules" option.
+	"--ignore-submodules" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not
+	affected by this setting.
+
+tag.sort::
+	This variable controls the sort ordering of tags when displayed by
+	linkgit:git-tag[1]. Without the "--sort=<value>" option provided, the
+	value of this variable will be used as the default.
 
 tar.umask::
 	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
@@ -1930,18 +2506,56 @@ transfer.fsckObjects::
 	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
 	Defaults to false.
 
+transfer.hideRefs::
+	This variable can be used to set both `receive.hideRefs`
+	and `uploadpack.hideRefs` at the same time to the same
+	values.  See entries for these other variables.
+
 transfer.unpackLimit::
 	When `fetch.unpackLimit` or `receive.unpackLimit` are
 	not set, the value of this variable is used instead.
 	The default value is 100.
 
+uploadarchive.allowUnreachable::
+	If true, allow clients to use `git archive --remote` to request
+	any tree, whether reachable from the ref tips or not. See the
+	discussion in the `SECURITY` section of
+	linkgit:git-upload-archive[1] for more details. Defaults to
+	`false`.
+
+uploadpack.hideRefs::
+	String(s) `upload-pack` uses to decide which refs to omit
+	from its initial advertisement.  Use more than one
+	definitions to specify multiple prefix strings. A ref that
+	are under the hierarchies listed on the value of this
+	variable is excluded, and is hidden from `git ls-remote`,
+	`git fetch`, etc.  An attempt to fetch a hidden ref by `git
+	fetch` will fail.  See also `uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant`.
+
+uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant::
+	When `uploadpack.hideRefs` is in effect, allow `upload-pack`
+	to accept a fetch request that asks for an object at the tip
+	of a hidden ref (by default, such a request is rejected).
+	see also `uploadpack.hideRefs`.
+
+uploadpack.keepAlive::
+	When `upload-pack` has started `pack-objects`, there may be a
+	quiet period while `pack-objects` prepares the pack. Normally
+	it would output progress information, but if `--quiet` was used
+	for the fetch, `pack-objects` will output nothing at all until
+	the pack data begins. Some clients and networks may consider
+	the server to be hung and give up. Setting this option instructs
+	`upload-pack` to send an empty keepalive packet every
+	`uploadpack.keepAlive` seconds. Setting this option to 0
+	disables keepalive packets entirely. The default is 5 seconds.
+
 url.<base>.insteadOf::
 	Any URL that starts with this value will be rewritten to
 	start, instead, with <base>. In cases where some site serves a
 	large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
 	access methods, and some users need to use different access
 	methods, this feature allows people to specify any of the
-	equivalent URLs and have git automatically rewrite the URL to
+	equivalent URLs and have Git automatically rewrite the URL to
 	the best alternative for the particular user, even for a
 	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
 	insteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is used.
@@ -1952,11 +2566,11 @@ url.<base>.pushInsteadOf::
 	resulting URL will be pushed to. In cases where some site serves
 	a large number of repositories, and serves them with multiple
 	access methods, some of which do not allow push, this feature
-	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have git
+	allows people to specify a pull-only URL and have Git
 	automatically use an appropriate URL to push, even for a
 	never-before-seen repository on the site.  When more than one
 	pushInsteadOf strings match a given URL, the longest match is
-	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, git will ignore this
+	used.  If a remote has an explicit pushurl, Git will ignore this
 	setting for that remote.
 
 user.email::
@@ -1969,12 +2583,24 @@ user.name::
 	Can be overridden by the 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME' and 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'
 	environment variables.  See linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
 
-user.signingkey::
-	If linkgit:git-tag[1] is not selecting the key you want it to
-	automatically when creating a signed tag, you can override the
-	default selection with this variable.  This option is passed
-	unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter, so you may specify a key
-	using any method that gpg supports.
+user.signingKey::
+	If linkgit:git-tag[1] or linkgit:git-commit[1] is not selecting the
+	key you want it to automatically when creating a signed tag or
+	commit, you can override the default selection with this variable.
+	This option is passed unchanged to gpg's --local-user parameter,
+	so you may specify a key using any method that gpg supports.
+
+versionsort.prereleaseSuffix::
+	When version sort is used in linkgit:git-tag[1], prerelease
+	tags (e.g. "1.0-rc1") may appear after the main release
+	"1.0". By specifying the suffix "-rc" in this variable,
+	"1.0-rc1" will appear before "1.0".
++
+This variable can be specified multiple times, once per suffix. The
+order of suffixes in the config file determines the sorting order
+(e.g. if "-pre" appears before "-rc" in the config file then 1.0-preXX
+is sorted before 1.0-rcXX). The sorting order between different
+suffixes is undefined if they are in multiple config files.
 
 web.browser::
 	Specify a web browser that may be used by some commands.
diff --git a/Documentation/date-formats.txt b/Documentation/date-formats.txt
index c000f08a9d..ccd1fc8122 100644
--- a/Documentation/date-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/date-formats.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ endif::git-commit[]
 support the following date formats:
 
 Git internal format::
-	It is `<unix timestamp> <timezone offset>`, where `<unix
+	It is `<unix timestamp> <time zone offset>`, where `<unix
 	timestamp>` is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch.
-	`<timezone offset>` is a positive or negative offset from UTC.
+	`<time zone offset>` is a positive or negative offset from UTC.
 	For example CET (which is 2 hours ahead UTC) is `+0200`.
 
 RFC 2822::
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-config.txt b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
index 1aed79e7dc..6eaa45271c 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-config.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-diff.autorefreshindex::
+diff.autoRefreshIndex::
 	When using 'git diff' to compare with work tree
 	files, do not consider stat-only change as changed.
 	Instead, silently run `git update-index --refresh` to
@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@ directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files,
 and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
 `files,10,cumulative`.
 
+diff.statGraphWidth::
+	Limit the width of the graph part in --stat output. If set, applies
+	to all commands generating --stat output except format-patch.
+
+diff.context::
+	Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of the default
+	of 3. This value is overridden by the -U option.
+
 diff.external::
 	If this config variable is set, diff generation is not
 	performed using the internal diff machinery, but using the
@@ -65,9 +73,13 @@ diff.ignoreSubmodules::
 	Sets the default value of --ignore-submodules. Note that this
 	affects only 'git diff' Porcelain, and not lower level 'diff'
 	commands such as 'git diff-files'. 'git checkout' also honors
-	this setting when reporting uncommitted changes.
+	this setting when reporting uncommitted changes. Setting it to
+	'all' disables the submodule summary normally shown by 'git commit'
+	and 'git status' when 'status.submoduleSummary' is set unless it is
+	overridden by using the --ignore-submodules command-line option.
+	The 'git submodule' commands are not affected by this setting.
 
-diff.mnemonicprefix::
+diff.mnemonicPrefix::
 	If set, 'git diff' uses a prefix pair that is different from the
 	standard "a/" and "b/" depending on what is being compared.  When
 	this configuration is in effect, reverse diff output also swaps
@@ -86,12 +98,17 @@ diff.mnemonicprefix::
 diff.noprefix::
 	If set, 'git diff' does not show any source or destination prefix.
 
+diff.orderFile::
+	File indicating how to order files within a diff, using
+	one shell glob pattern per line.
+	Can be overridden by the '-O' option to linkgit:git-diff[1].
+
 diff.renameLimit::
 	The number of files to consider when performing the copy/rename
 	detection; equivalent to the 'git diff' option '-l'.
 
 diff.renames::
-	Tells git to detect renames.  If set to any boolean value, it
+	Tells Git to detect renames.  If set to any boolean value, it
 	will enable basic rename detection.  If set to "copies" or
 	"copy", it will detect copies, as well.
 
@@ -99,6 +116,19 @@ diff.suppressBlankEmpty::
 	A boolean to inhibit the standard behavior of printing a space
 	before each empty output line. Defaults to false.
 
+diff.submodule::
+	Specify the format in which differences in submodules are
+	shown.  The "log" format lists the commits in the range like
+	linkgit:git-submodule[1] `summary` does.  The "short" format
+	format just shows the names of the commits at the beginning
+	and end of the range.  Defaults to short.
+
+diff.wordRegex::
+	A POSIX Extended Regular Expression used to determine what is a "word"
+	when performing word-by-word difference calculations.  Character
+	sequences that match the regular expression are "words", all other
+	characters are *ignorable* whitespace.
+
 diff.<driver>.command::
 	The custom diff driver command.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5]
 	for details.
@@ -118,7 +148,7 @@ diff.<driver>.textconv::
 	conversion is used to generate a human-readable diff.  See
 	linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
-diff.<driver>.wordregex::
+diff.<driver>.wordRegex::
 	The regular expression that the diff driver should use to
 	split words in a line.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for
 	details.
@@ -128,9 +158,27 @@ diff.<driver>.cachetextconv::
 	conversion outputs.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
 diff.tool::
-	The diff tool to be used by linkgit:git-difftool[1].  This
-	option overrides `merge.tool`, and has the same valid built-in
-	values as `merge.tool` minus "tortoisemerge" and plus
-	"kompare".  Any other value is treated as a custom diff tool,
-	and there must be a corresponding `difftool.<tool>.cmd`
-	option.
+	Controls which diff tool is used by linkgit:git-difftool[1].
+	This variable overrides the value configured in `merge.tool`.
+	The list below shows the valid built-in values.
+	Any other value is treated as a custom diff tool and requires
+	that a corresponding difftool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
+
+include::mergetools-diff.txt[]
+
+diff.algorithm::
+	Choose a diff algorithm.  The variants are as follows:
++
+--
+`default`, `myers`;;
+	The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
+`minimal`;;
+	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
+	produced.
+`patience`;;
+	Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
+`histogram`;;
+	This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
+	low-occurrence common elements".
+--
++
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-format.txt b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
index 15c7e794f4..85b08909ce 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-format.txt
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@ be committed)
 
 Status letters C and R are always followed by a score (denoting the
 percentage of similarity between the source and target of the move or
-copy), and are the only ones to be so.
+copy).  Status letter M may be followed by a score (denoting the
+percentage of dissimilarity) for file rewrites.
 
 <sha1> is shown as all 0's if a file is new on the filesystem
 and it is out of sync with the index.
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
index c57460c03d..843a20bac2 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-generate-patch.txt
@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ added, from the point of view of that parent).
 In the above example output, the function signature was changed
 from both files (hence two `-` removals from both file1 and
 file2, plus `++` to mean one line that was added does not appear
-in either file1 nor file2).  Also eight other lines are the same
-from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with `{plus}`).
+in either file1 or file2).  Also eight other lines are the same
+from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with `+`).
 
 When shown by `git diff-tree -c`, it compares the parents of a
 merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
diff --git a/Documentation/diff-options.txt b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
index 9f7cba2be6..ccd499867b 100644
--- a/Documentation/diff-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/diff-options.txt
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 	{git-diff? This is the default.}
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
+-s::
+--no-patch::
+	Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like `git show` that
+	show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of `--patch`.
+
 -U<n>::
 --unified=<n>::
 	Generate diffs with <n> lines of context instead of
@@ -52,20 +57,49 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 --patience::
 	Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.
 
+--histogram::
+	Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
+
+--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}::
+	Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
++
+--
+`default`, `myers`;;
+	The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
+`minimal`;;
+	Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
+	produced.
+`patience`;;
+	Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
+`histogram`;;
+	This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
+	low-occurrence common elements".
+--
++
+For instance, if you configured diff.algorithm variable to a
+non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
+have to use `--diff-algorithm=default` option.
+
 --stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]::
-	Generate a diffstat.  You can override the default
-	output width for 80-column terminal by `--stat=<width>`.
-	The width of the filename part can be controlled by
-	giving another width to it separated by a comma.
+	Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
+	will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
+	part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
+	if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
+	`<width>`. The width of the filename part can be limited by
+	giving another width `<name-width>` after a comma. The width
+	of the graph part can be limited by using
+	`--stat-graph-width=<width>` (affects all commands generating
+	a stat graph) or by setting `diff.statGraphWidth=<width>`
+	(does not affect `git format-patch`).
 	By giving a third parameter `<count>`, you can limit the
-	output to the first `<count>` lines, followed by
-	`...` if there are more.
+	output to the first `<count>` lines, followed by `...` if
+	there are more.
 +
 These parameters can also be set individually with `--stat-width=<width>`,
 `--stat-name-width=<name-width>` and `--stat-count=<count>`.
 
 --numstat::
-	Similar to `\--stat`, but shows number of added and
+	Similar to `--stat`, but shows number of added and
 	deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
 	abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly.  For
 	binary files, outputs two `-` instead of saying
@@ -156,16 +190,18 @@ any of those replacements occurred.
 	of the `--diff-filter` option on what the status letters mean.
 
 --submodule[=<format>]::
-	Chose the output format for submodule differences. <format> can be one of
-	'short' and 'log'. 'short' just shows pairs of commit names, this format
-	is used when this option is not given. 'log' is the default value for this
-	option and lists the commits in that commit range like the 'summary'
-	option of linkgit:git-submodule[1] does.
+	Specify how differences in submodules are shown.  When `--submodule`
+	or `--submodule=log` is given, the 'log' format is used.  This format lists
+	the commits in the range like linkgit:git-submodule[1] `summary` does.
+	Omitting the `--submodule` option or specifying `--submodule=short`,
+	uses the 'short' format. This format just shows the names of the commits
+	at the beginning and end of the range.  Can be tweaked via the
+	`diff.submodule` configuration variable.
 
 --color[=<when>]::
 	Show colored diff.
-	The value must be `always` (the default for `<when>`), `never`, or `auto`.
-	The default value is `never`.
+	`--color` (i.e. without '=<when>') is the same as `--color=always`.
+	'<when>' can be one of `always`, `never`, or `auto`.
 ifdef::git-diff[]
 	It can be changed by the `color.ui` and `color.diff`
 	configuration settings.
@@ -272,7 +308,7 @@ few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a
 single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
 everything new, and the number `m` controls this aspect of the -B
 option (defaults to 60%). `-B/70%` specifies that less than 30% of the
-original should remain in the result for git to consider it a total
+original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total
 rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
 deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).
 +
@@ -296,9 +332,13 @@ ifdef::git-log[]
 endif::git-log[]
 	If `n` is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
 	index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
-	file's size). For example, `-M90%` means git should consider a
+	file's size). For example, `-M90%` means Git should consider a
 	delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
-	hasn't changed.
+	hasn't changed.  Without a `%` sign, the number is to be read as
+	a fraction, with a decimal point before it.  I.e., `-M5` becomes
+	0.5, and is thus the same as `-M50%`.  Similarly, `-M05` is
+	the same as `-M5%`.  To limit detection to exact renames, use
+	`-M100%`.  The default similarity index is 50%.
 
 -C[<n>]::
 --find-copies[=<n>]::
@@ -318,7 +358,7 @@ endif::git-log[]
 --irreversible-delete::
 	Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not
 	the diff between the preimage and `/dev/null`. The resulting patch
-	is not meant to be applied with `patch` nor `git apply`; this is
+	is not meant to be applied with `patch` or `git apply`; this is
 	solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the
 	text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lack
 	enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually,
@@ -348,14 +388,36 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 	that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
 
 -S<string>::
-	Look for differences that introduce or remove an instance of
-	<string>. Note that this is different than the string simply
-	appearing in diff output; see the 'pickaxe' entry in
-	linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more details.
+	Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
+	the specified string (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file.
+	Intended for the scripter's use.
++
+It is useful when you're looking for an exact block of code (like a
+struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first
+came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting
+block in the preimage back into `-S`, and keep going until you get the
+very first version of the block.
 
 -G<regex>::
-	Look for differences whose added or removed line matches
-	the given <regex>.
+	Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed
+	lines that match <regex>.
++
+To illustrate the difference between `-S<regex> --pickaxe-regex` and
+`-G<regex>`, consider a commit with the following diff in the same
+file:
++
+----
++    return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+...
+-    hit = !regexec(regexp, mf2.ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+----
++
+While `git log -G"regexec\(regexp"` will show this commit, `git log
+-S"regexec\(regexp" --pickaxe-regex` will not (because the number of
+occurrences of that string did not change).
++
+See the 'pickaxe' entry in linkgit:gitdiffcore[7] for more
+information.
 
 --pickaxe-all::
 	When `-S` or `-G` finds a change, show all the changes in that
@@ -363,13 +425,16 @@ ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 	in <string>.
 
 --pickaxe-regex::
-	Make the <string> not a plain string but an extended POSIX
-	regex to match.
+	Treat the <string> given to `-S` as an extended POSIX regular
+	expression to match.
 endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 -O<orderfile>::
 	Output the patch in the order specified in the
 	<orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
+	This overrides the `diff.orderFile` configuration variable
+	(see linkgit:git-config[1]).  To cancel `diff.orderFile`,
+	use `-O/dev/null`.
 
 ifndef::git-format-patch[]
 -R::
@@ -404,6 +469,9 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 	differences even if one line has whitespace where the other
 	line has none.
 
+--ignore-blank-lines::
+	Ignore changes whose lines are all blank.
+
 --inter-hunk-context=<lines>::
 	Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number
 	of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.
@@ -445,7 +513,7 @@ endif::git-format-patch[]
 
 --ignore-submodules[=<when>]::
 	Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <when> can be
-	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default
+	either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default.
 	Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
 	untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
 	in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txto b/Documentation/everyday.txto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c5047d8f9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/everyday.txto
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So
+===================================
+
+This document has been moved to linkgit:giteveryday[1].
+
+Please let the owners of the referring site know so that they can update the
+link you clicked to get here.
+
+Thanks.
diff --git a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
index 39d326abc6..45583d8454 100644
--- a/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/fetch-options.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,24 @@
 	option old data in `.git/FETCH_HEAD` will be overwritten.
 
 --depth=<depth>::
-	Deepen the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
+	Deepen or shorten the history of a 'shallow' repository created by
 	`git clone` with `--depth=<depth>` option (see linkgit:git-clone[1])
-	by the specified number of commits.
+	to the specified number of commits from the tip of each remote
+	branch history. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.
+
+--unshallow::
+	If the source repository is complete, convert a shallow
+	repository to a complete one, removing all the limitations
+	imposed by shallow repositories.
++
+If the source repository is shallow, fetch as much as possible so that
+the current repository has the same history as the source repository.
+
+--update-shallow::
+	By default when fetching from a shallow repository,
+	`git fetch` refuses refs that require updating
+	.git/shallow. This option updates .git/shallow and accept such
+	refs.
 
 ifndef::git-pull[]
 --dry-run::
@@ -36,34 +51,43 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 
 -p::
 --prune::
-	After fetching, remove any remote-tracking branches which
-	no longer exist	on the remote.
+	After fetching, remove any remote-tracking references that no
+	longer exist on the remote.  Tags are not subject to pruning
+	if they are fetched only because of the default tag
+	auto-following or due to a --tags option.  However, if tags
+	are fetched due to an explicit refspec (either on the command
+	line or in the remote configuration, for example if the remote
+	was cloned with the --mirror option), then they are also
+	subject to pruning.
 endif::git-pull[]
 
-ifdef::git-pull[]
---no-tags::
-endif::git-pull[]
 ifndef::git-pull[]
 -n::
---no-tags::
 endif::git-pull[]
+--no-tags::
 	By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded
 	from the remote repository are fetched and stored locally.
 	This option disables this automatic tag following. The default
-	behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.<name>.tagopt
+	behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.<name>.tagOpt
 	setting. See linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 ifndef::git-pull[]
+--refmap=<refspec>::
+	When fetching refs listed on the command line, use the
+	specified refspec (can be given more than once) to map the
+	refs to remote-tracking branches, instead of the values of
+	`remote.*.fetch` configuration variables for the remote
+	repository.  See section on "Configured Remote-tracking
+	Branches" for details.
+
 -t::
 --tags::
-	Most of the tags are fetched automatically as branch
-	heads are downloaded, but tags that do not point at
-	objects reachable from the branch heads that are being
-	tracked will not be fetched by this mechanism.  This
-	flag lets all tags and their associated objects be
-	downloaded. The default behavior for a remote may be
-	specified with the remote.<name>.tagopt setting. See
-	linkgit:git-config[1].
+	Fetch all tags from the remote (i.e., fetch remote tags
+	`refs/tags/*` into local tags with the same name), in addition
+	to whatever else would otherwise be fetched.  Using this
+	option alone does not subject tags to pruning, even if --prune
+	is used (though tags may be pruned anyway if they are also the
+	destination of an explicit refspec; see '--prune').
 
 --recurse-submodules[=yes|on-demand|no]::
 	This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of
diff --git a/Documentation/git-add.txt b/Documentation/git-add.txt
index 9c1d395722..f2eb9076d7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-add.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-add.txt
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ git-add - Add file contents to the index
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git add' [-n] [-v] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
-	  [--edit | -e] [--all | [--update | -u]] [--intent-to-add | -N]
-	  [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing] [--]
-	  [<filepattern>...]
+'git add' [--verbose | -v] [--dry-run | -n] [--force | -f] [--interactive | -i] [--patch | -p]
+	  [--edit | -e] [--[no-]all | --[no-]ignore-removal | [--update | -u]]
+	  [--intent-to-add | -N] [--refresh] [--ignore-errors] [--ignore-missing]
+	  [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -49,12 +49,18 @@ commit.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<filepattern>...::
+<pathspec>...::
 	Files to add content from.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can
 	be given to add all matching files.  Also a
 	leading directory name (e.g. `dir` to add `dir/file1`
-	and `dir/file2`) can be given to add all files in the
-	directory, recursively.
+	and `dir/file2`) can be given to update the index to
+	match the current state of the directory as a whole (e.g.
+	specifying `dir` will record not just a file `dir/file1`
+	modified in the working tree, a file `dir/file2` added to
+	the working tree, but also a file `dir/file3` removed from
+	the working tree.  Note that older versions of Git used
+	to ignore removed files; use `--no-all` option if you want
+	to add modified or new files but ignore removed	ones.
 
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -100,23 +106,38 @@ apply to the index. See EDITING PATCHES below.
 
 -u::
 --update::
-	Only match <filepattern> against already tracked files in
-	the index rather than the working tree. That means that it
-	will never stage new files, but that it will stage modified
-	new contents of tracked files and that it will remove files
-	from the index if the corresponding files in the working tree
-	have been removed.
+	Update the index just where it already has an entry matching
+	<pathspec>.  This removes as well as modifies index entries to
+	match the working tree, but adds no new files.
 +
-If no <filepattern> is given, default to "."; in other words,
-update all tracked files in the current directory and its
-subdirectories.
+If no <pathspec> is given when `-u` option is used, all
+tracked files in the entire working tree are updated (old versions
+of Git used to limit the update to the current directory and its
+subdirectories).
 
 -A::
 --all::
-	Like `-u`, but match <filepattern> against files in the
-	working tree in addition to the index. That means that it
-	will find new files as well as staging modified content and
-	removing files that are no longer in the working tree.
+--no-ignore-removal::
+	Update the index not only where the working tree has a file
+	matching <pathspec> but also where the index already has an
+	entry.	This adds, modifies, and removes index entries to
+	match the working tree.
++
+If no <pathspec> is given when `-A` option is used, all
+files in the entire working tree are updated (old versions
+of Git used to limit the update to the current directory and its
+subdirectories).
+
+--no-all::
+--ignore-removal::
+	Update the index by adding new files that are unknown to the
+	index and files modified in the working tree, but ignore
+	files that have been removed from the working tree.  This
+	option is a no-op when no <pathspec> is used.
++
+This option is primarily to help users who are used to older
+versions of Git, whose "git add <pathspec>..." was a synonym
+for "git add --no-all <pathspec>...", i.e. ignored removed files.
 
 -N::
 --intent-to-add::
@@ -152,10 +173,10 @@ subdirectories.
 Configuration
 -------------
 
-The optional configuration variable `core.excludesfile` indicates a path to a
+The optional configuration variable `core.excludesFile` indicates a path to a
 file containing patterns of file names to exclude from git-add, similar to
 $GIT_DIR/info/exclude.  Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to
-those in info/exclude.  See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5].
+those in info/exclude.  See linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
 
 EXAMPLES
@@ -279,9 +300,9 @@ patch::
 
        y - stage this hunk
        n - do not stage this hunk
-       q - quit; do not stage this hunk nor any of the remaining ones
+       q - quit; do not stage this hunk or any of the remaining ones
        a - stage this hunk and all later hunks in the file
-       d - do not stage this hunk nor any of the later hunks in the file
+       d - do not stage this hunk or any of the later hunks in the file
        g - select a hunk to go to
        / - search for a hunk matching the given regex
        j - leave this hunk undecided, see next undecided hunk
@@ -296,7 +317,7 @@ After deciding the fate for all hunks, if there is any hunk
 that was chosen, the index is updated with the selected hunks.
 +
 You can omit having to type return here, by setting the configuration
-variable `interactive.singlekey` to `true`.
+variable `interactive.singleKey` to `true`.
 
 diff::
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-am.txt b/Documentation/git-am.txt
index ee6cca2e13..0d8ba48f79 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-am.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-am.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ git-am - Apply a series of patches from a mailbox
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--keep-cr | --no-keep-cr] [--utf8 | --no-utf8]
+'git am' [--signoff] [--keep] [--[no-]keep-cr] [--[no-]utf8]
 	 [--3way] [--interactive] [--committer-date-is-author-date]
 	 [--ignore-date] [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace]
 	 [--whitespace=<option>] [-C<n>] [-p<n>] [--directory=<dir>]
-	 [--exclude=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
-	 [--scissors | --no-scissors]
+	 [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--reject] [-q | --quiet]
+	 [--[no-]scissors] [-S[<keyid>]] [--patch-format=<format>]
 	 [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...]
 'git am' (--continue | --skip | --abort)
 
@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --keep-non-patch::
 	Pass `-b` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
 
---keep-cr::
---no-keep-cr::
+--[no-]keep-cr::
 	With `--keep-cr`, call 'git mailsplit' (see linkgit:git-mailsplit[1])
 	with the same option, to prevent it from stripping CR at the end of
 	lines. `am.keepcr` configuration variable can be used to specify the
@@ -53,11 +52,23 @@ OPTIONS
 -c::
 --scissors::
 	Remove everything in body before a scissors line (see
-	linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
+	linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]). Can be activated by default using
+	the `mailinfo.scissors` configuration variable.
 
 --no-scissors::
 	Ignore scissors lines (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]).
 
+-m::
+--message-id::
+	Pass the `-m` flag to 'git mailinfo' (see linkgit:git-mailinfo[1]),
+	so that the Message-ID header is added to the commit message.
+	The `am.messageid` configuration variable can be used to specify
+	the default behaviour.
+
+--no-message-id::
+	Do not add the Message-ID header to the commit message.
+	`no-message-id` is useful to override `am.messageid`.
+
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Be quiet. Only print error messages.
@@ -84,7 +95,6 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 	it is supposed to apply to and we have those blobs
 	available locally.
 
---ignore-date::
 --ignore-space-change::
 --ignore-whitespace::
 --whitespace=<option>::
@@ -92,11 +102,18 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 -p<n>::
 --directory=<dir>::
 --exclude=<path>::
+--include=<path>::
 --reject::
 	These flags are passed to the 'git apply' (see linkgit:git-apply[1])
 	program that applies
 	the patch.
 
+--patch-format::
+	By default the command will try to detect the patch format
+	automatically. This option allows the user to bypass the automatic
+	detection and specify the patch format that the patch(es) should be
+	interpreted as. Valid formats are mbox, stgit, stgit-series and hg.
+
 -i::
 --interactive::
 	Run interactively.
@@ -119,6 +136,10 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 	Skip the current patch.  This is only meaningful when
 	restarting an aborted patch.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commits.
+
 --continue::
 -r::
 --resolved::
@@ -132,7 +153,7 @@ default.   You can use `--no-utf8` to override this.
 --resolvemsg=<msg>::
 	When a patch failure occurs, <msg> will be printed
 	to the screen before exiting.  This overrides the
-	standard message informing you to use `--resolved`
+	standard message informing you to use `--continue`
 	or `--skip` to handle the failure.  This is solely
 	for internal use between 'git rebase' and 'git am'.
 
@@ -176,7 +197,7 @@ aborts in the middle.  You can recover from this in one of two ways:
 
 . hand resolve the conflict in the working directory, and update
   the index file to bring it into a state that the patch should
-  have produced.  Then run the command with the '--resolved' option.
+  have produced.  Then run the command with the '--continue' option.
 
 The command refuses to process new mailboxes until the current
 operation is finished, so if you decide to start over from scratch,
@@ -189,6 +210,11 @@ commits, like running 'git am' on the wrong branch or an error in the
 commits that is more easily fixed by changing the mailbox (e.g.
 errors in the "From:" lines).
 
+HOOKS
+-----
+This command can run `applypatch-msg`, `pre-applypatch`,
+and `post-applypatch` hooks.  See linkgit:githooks[5] for more
+information.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-apply.txt b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
index afd2c9ae59..d9ed6a1a4e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-apply.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-apply.txt
@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ git-apply - Apply a patch to files and/or to the index
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index]
+'git apply' [--stat] [--numstat] [--summary] [--check] [--index] [--3way]
 	  [--apply] [--no-add] [--build-fake-ancestor=<file>] [-R | --reverse]
 	  [--allow-binary-replacement | --binary] [--reject] [-z]
 	  [-p<n>] [-C<n>] [--inaccurate-eof] [--recount] [--cached]
 	  [--ignore-space-change | --ignore-whitespace ]
 	  [--whitespace=(nowarn|warn|fix|error|error-all)]
 	  [--exclude=<path>] [--include=<path>] [--directory=<root>]
-	  [--verbose] [<patch>...]
+	  [--verbose] [--unsafe-paths] [<patch>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Reads the supplied diff output (i.e. "a patch") and applies it to files.
 With the `--index` option the patch is also applied to the index, and
 with the `--cached` option the patch is only applied to the index.
 Without these options, the command applies the patch only to files,
-and does not require them to be in a git repository.
+and does not require them to be in a Git repository.
 
 This command applies the patch but does not create a commit.  Use
 linkgit:git-am[1] to create commits from patches generated by
@@ -72,6 +72,15 @@ OPTIONS
 	cached data, apply the patch, and store the result in the index
 	without using the working tree. This implies `--index`.
 
+-3::
+--3way::
+	When the patch does not apply cleanly, fall back on 3-way merge if
+	the patch records the identity of blobs it is supposed to apply to,
+	and we have those blobs available locally, possibly leaving the
+	conflict markers in the files in the working tree for the user to
+	resolve.  This option implies the `--index` option, and is incompatible
+	with the `--reject` and the `--cached` options.
+
 --build-fake-ancestor=<file>::
 	Newer 'git diff' output has embedded 'index information'
 	for each blob to help identify the original version that
@@ -189,7 +198,7 @@ behavior:
 * `fix` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and applies the
   patch after fixing them (`strip` is a synonym --- the tool
   used to consider only trailing whitespace characters as errors, and the
-  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern gits do more).
+  fix involved 'stripping' them, but modern Gits do more).
 * `error` outputs warnings for a few such errors, and refuses
   to apply the patch.
 * `error-all` is similar to `error` but shows all errors.
@@ -220,10 +229,20 @@ For example, a patch that talks about updating `a/git-gui.sh` to `b/git-gui.sh`
 can be applied to the file in the working tree `modules/git-gui/git-gui.sh` by
 running `git apply --directory=modules/git-gui`.
 
+--unsafe-paths::
+	By default, a patch that affects outside the working area
+	(either a Git controlled working tree, or the current working
+	directory when "git apply" is used as a replacement of GNU
+	patch) is rejected as a mistake (or a mischief).
++
+When `git apply` is used as a "better GNU patch", the user can pass
+the `--unsafe-paths` option to override this safety check.  This option
+has no effect when `--index` or `--cached` is in use.
+
 Configuration
 -------------
 
-apply.ignorewhitespace::
+apply.ignoreWhitespace::
 	Set to 'change' if you want changes in whitespace to be ignored by default.
 	Set to one of: no, none, never, false if you want changes in
 	whitespace to be significant.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
index f4504ba9bf..163b9f6f41 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archimport.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-archimport(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into git
+git-archimport - Import an Arch repository into Git
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ directory. To follow the development of a project that uses Arch, rerun
 incremental imports.
 
 While 'git archimport' will try to create sensible branch names for the
-archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify git branch names
-manually.  To do so, write a git branch name after each <archive/branch>
+archives that it imports, it is also possible to specify Git branch names
+manually.  To do so, write a Git branch name after each <archive/branch>
 parameter, separated by a colon.  This way, you can shorten the Arch
-branch names and convert Arch jargon to git jargon, for example mapping a
+branch names and convert Arch jargon to Git jargon, for example mapping a
 "PROJECT{litdd}devo{litdd}VERSION" branch to "master".
 
-Associating multiple Arch branches to one git branch is possible; the
+Associating multiple Arch branches to one Git branch is possible; the
 result will make the most sense only if no commits are made to the first
 branch, after the second branch is created.  Still, this is useful to
 convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically.
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ convert Arch repositories that had been rotated periodically.
 
 MERGES
 ------
-Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in git as well. git
+Patch merge data from Arch is used to mark merges in Git as well. Git
 does not care much about tracking patches, and only considers a merge when a
 branch incorporates all the commits since the point they forked. The end result
-is that git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
+is that Git will have a good idea of how far branches have diverged. So the
 import process does lose some patch-trading metadata.
 
 Fortunately, when you try and merge branches imported from Arch,
-git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
+Git will find a good merge base, and it has a good chance of identifying
 patches that have been traded out-of-sequence between the branches.
 
 OPTIONS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
index ac7006e640..cfa1e4ebe4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-archive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-archive.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git archive' [--format=<fmt>] [--list] [--prefix=<prefix>/] [<extra>]
-	      [-o | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
+	      [-o <file> | --output=<file>] [--worktree-attributes]
 	      [--remote=<repo> [--exec=<git-upload-archive>]] <tree-ish>
 	      [<path>...]
 
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ OPTIONS
 	Write the archive to <file> instead of stdout.
 
 --worktree-attributes::
-	Look for attributes in .gitattributes in working directory too.
+	Look for attributes in .gitattributes files in the working tree
+	as well (see <<ATTRIBUTES>>).
 
 <extra>::
 	This can be any options that the archiver backend understands.
@@ -64,7 +65,10 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --remote=<repo>::
 	Instead of making a tar archive from the local repository,
-	retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository.
+	retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository. Note that the
+	remote repository may place restrictions on which sha1
+	expressions may be allowed in `<tree-ish>`. See
+	linkgit:git-upload-archive[1] for details.
 
 --exec=<git-upload-archive>::
 	Used with --remote to specify the path to the
@@ -120,6 +124,7 @@ tar.<format>.remote::
 	user-defined formats, but true for the "tar.gz" and "tgz"
 	formats.
 
+[[ATTRIBUTES]]
 ATTRIBUTES
 ----------
 
@@ -128,7 +133,7 @@ export-ignore::
 	added to archive files.  See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
 export-subst::
-	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then git will
+	If the attribute export-subst is set for a file then Git will
 	expand several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.
 	See linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details.
 
@@ -160,7 +165,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 
 	Same as above, but the format is inferred from the output file.
 
-`git archive --format=tar --prefix=git-1.4.0/ v1.4.0{caret}\{tree\} | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`::
+`git archive --format=tar --prefix=git-1.4.0/ v1.4.0^{tree} | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`::
 
 	Create a compressed tarball for v1.4.0 release, but without a
 	global extended pax header.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
index 8a2ba37904..0f0c6ff082 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect-lk2009.txt
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ developed and maintained during years or even tens of years by a lot
 of people. And as there are often many people who depend (sometimes
 critically) on such software, regressions are a really big problem.
 
-One such software is the linux kernel. And if we look at the linux
+One such software is the Linux kernel. And if we look at the Linux
 kernel, we can see that a lot of time and effort is spent to fight
 regressions. The release cycle start with a 2 weeks long merge
 window. Then the first release candidate (rc) version is tagged. And
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ regressions. And this time is more than 80% of the release cycle
 time. But this is not the end of the fight yet, as of course it
 continues after the release.
 
-And then this is what Ingo Molnar (a well known linux kernel
+And then this is what Ingo Molnar (a well known Linux kernel
 developer) says about his use of git bisect:
 
 _____________
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Note that the example that we will use is really a toy example, we
 will be looking for the first commit that has a version like
 "2.6.26-something", that is the commit that has a "SUBLEVEL = 26" line
 in the top level Makefile. This is a toy example because there are
-better ways to find this commit with git than using "git bisect" (for
+better ways to find this commit with Git than using "git bisect" (for
 example "git blame" or "git log -S<string>").
 
 Driving a bisection manually
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Date:   Sat May 3 11:59:44 2008 -0700
 
     Linux 2.6.26-rc1
 
-:100644 100644 5cf8258195331a4dbdddff08b8d68642638eea57 4492984efc09ab72ff6219a7bc21fb6a957c4cd5 M      Makefile
+:100644 100644 5cf82581... 4492984e... M      Makefile
 -------------
 
 At this point we can see what the commit does, check it out (if it's
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ Date:   Sat May 3 11:59:44 2008 -0700
 
     Linux 2.6.26-rc1
 
-:100644 100644 5cf8258195331a4dbdddff08b8d68642638eea57 4492984efc09ab72ff6219a7bc21fb6a957c4cd5 M      Makefile
+:100644 100644 5cf82581... 4492984e... M      Makefile
 bisect run success
 -------------
 
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ So only the W and B commits will be kept. Because commits X and Y will
 have been removed by rules a) and b) respectively, and because commits
 G are removed by rule b) too.
 
-Note for git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
+Note for Git users, that it is equivalent as keeping only the commit
 given by:
 
 -------------
@@ -710,8 +710,8 @@ Skip algorithm discussed
 After step 7) (in the skip algorithm), we could check if the second
 commit has been skipped and return it if it is not the case. And in
 fact that was the algorithm we used from when "git bisect skip" was
-developed in git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
-git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
+developed in Git version 1.5.4 (released on February 1st 2008) until
+Git version 1.6.4 (released July 29th 2009).
 
 But Ingo Molnar and H. Peter Anvin (another well known linux kernel
 developer) both complained that sometimes the best bisection points
@@ -1025,10 +1025,10 @@ And here is what Andreas said about this work-flow <<5>>:
 _____________
 To give some hard figures, we used to have an average report-to-fix
 cycle of 142.6 hours (according to our somewhat weird bug-tracker
-which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to git, we've
+which just measures wall-clock time). Since we moved to Git, we've
 lowered that to 16.2 hours. Primarily because we can stay on top of
 the bug fixing now, and because everyone's jockeying to get to fix
-bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let git find the bugs
+bugs (we're quite proud of how lazy we are to let Git find the bugs
 for us). Each new release results in ~40% fewer bugs (almost certainly
 due to how we now feel about writing tests).
 _____________
@@ -1228,9 +1228,9 @@ commits in already released history, for example to change the commit
 message or the author. And it can also be used instead of git "grafts"
 to link a repository with another old repository.
 
-In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the git community, so
-it is now in the "master" branch of git's git repository and it should
-be released in git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
+In fact it's this last feature that "sold" it to the Git community, so
+it is now in the "master" branch of Git's Git repository and it should
+be released in Git 1.6.5 in October or November 2009.
 
 One problem with "git replace" is that currently it stores all the
 replacements refs in "refs/replace/", but it would be perhaps better
@@ -1320,11 +1320,11 @@ So git bisect is unconditional goodness - and feel free to quote that
 ;-)
 _____________
 
-Acknowledgements
+Acknowledgments
 ----------------
 
 Many thanks to Junio Hamano for his help in reviewing this paper, for
-reviewing the patches I sent to the git mailing list, for discussing
+reviewing the patches I sent to the Git mailing list, for discussing
 some ideas and helping me improve them, for improving "git bisect" a
 lot and for his awesome work in maintaining and developing Git.
 
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ Many thanks to Linus Torvalds for inventing, developing and
 evangelizing "git bisect", Git and Linux.
 
 Many thanks to the many other great people who helped one way or
-another when I worked on git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
+another when I worked on Git, especially to Andreas Ericsson, Johannes
 Schindelin, H. Peter Anvin, Daniel Barkalow, Bill Lear, John Hawley,
 Shawn O. Pierce, Jeff King, Sam Vilain, Jon Seymour.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
index e4f46bc18d..4cb52a7302 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bisect.txt
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Bisect reset
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 After a bisect session, to clean up the bisection state and return to
-the original HEAD, issue the following command:
+the original HEAD (i.e., to quit bisecting), issue the following command:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git bisect reset
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ $ git bisect visualize
 `view` may also be used as a synonym for `visualize`.
 
 If the 'DISPLAY' environment variable is not set, 'git log' is used
-instead.  You can also give command line options such as `-p` and
+instead.  You can also give command-line options such as `-p` and
 `--stat`.
 
 ------------
@@ -169,14 +169,14 @@ the revision as good or bad in the usual manner.
 Bisect skip
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask git
+Instead of choosing by yourself a nearby commit, you can ask Git
 to do it for you by issuing the command:
 
 ------------
 $ git bisect skip                 # Current version cannot be tested
 ------------
 
-But git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among
+But Git may eventually be unable to tell the first bad commit among
 a bad commit and one or more skipped commits.
 
 You can even skip a range of commits, instead of just one commit,
@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD v1.2 --      # HEAD is bad, v1.2 is good
 $ git bisect run make                # "make" builds the app
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 
 * Automatically bisect a test failure between origin and HEAD:
@@ -291,6 +292,7 @@ $ git bisect run make                # "make" builds the app
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD origin --    # HEAD is bad, origin is good
 $ git bisect run make test           # "make test" builds and tests
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 
 * Automatically bisect a broken test case:
@@ -302,6 +304,7 @@ make || exit 125                     # this skips broken builds
 ~/check_test_case.sh                 # does the test case pass?
 $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
 $ git bisect run ~/test.sh
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 Here we use a "test.sh" custom script. In this script, if "make"
@@ -351,6 +354,7 @@ use `git cherry-pick` instead of `git merge`.)
 ------------
 $ git bisect start HEAD HEAD~10 --   # culprit is among the last 10
 $ git bisect run sh -c "make || exit 125; ~/check_test_case.sh"
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 This shows that you can do without a run script if you write the test
@@ -368,6 +372,7 @@ $ git bisect run sh -c '
 	rm -f tmp.$$
 	test $rc = 0'
 
+$ git bisect reset                   # quit the bisect session
 ------------
 +
 In this case, when 'git bisect run' finishes, bisect/bad will refer to a commit that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-blame.txt b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
index 9516914236..9f23a861ce 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-blame.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-blame.txt
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ git-blame - Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental] [-L n,m]
-	    [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>] [--abbrev=<n>]
-	    [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file>
+'git blame' [-c] [-b] [-l] [--root] [-t] [-f] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-p] [-w] [--incremental]
+	    [-L <range>] [-S <revs-file>] [-M] [-C] [-C] [-C] [--since=<date>]
+	    [--abbrev=<n>] [<rev> | --contents <file> | --reverse <rev>] [--] <file>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -18,17 +18,25 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Annotates each line in the given file with information from the revision which
 last modified the line. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision.
 
-The command can also limit the range of lines annotated.
+When specified one or more times, `-L` restricts annotation to the requested
+lines.
+
+The origin of lines is automatically followed across whole-file
+renames (currently there is no option to turn the rename-following
+off). To follow lines moved from one file to another, or to follow
+lines that were copied and pasted from another file, etc., see the
+`-C` and `-M` options.
 
 The report does not tell you anything about lines which have been deleted or
 replaced; you need to use a tool such as 'git diff' or the "pickaxe"
 interface briefly mentioned in the following paragraph.
 
-Apart from supporting file annotation, git also supports searching the
+Apart from supporting file annotation, Git also supports searching the
 development history for when a code snippet occurred in a change. This makes it
 possible to track when a code snippet was added to a file, moved or copied
 between files, and eventually deleted or replaced. It works by searching for
-a text string in the diff. A small example:
+a text string in the diff. A small example of the pickaxe interface
+that searches for `blame_usage`:
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --pretty=oneline -S'blame_usage'
@@ -96,7 +104,7 @@ This header line is followed by the following information
 at least once for each commit:
 
 - the author name ("author"), email ("author-mail"), time
-  ("author-time"), and timezone ("author-tz"); similarly
+  ("author-time"), and time zone ("author-tz"); similarly
   for committer.
 - the filename in the commit that the line is attributed to.
 - the first line of the commit log message ("summary").
@@ -124,7 +132,10 @@ SPECIFYING RANGES
 
 Unlike 'git blame' and 'git annotate' in older versions of git, the extent
 of the annotation can be limited to both line ranges and revision
-ranges.  When you are interested in finding the origin for
+ranges. The `-L` option, which limits annotation to a range of lines, may be
+specified multiple times.
+
+When you are interested in finding the origin for
 lines 40-60 for file `foo`, you can use the `-L` option like so
 (they mean the same thing -- both ask for 21 lines starting at
 line 40):
@@ -160,7 +171,7 @@ introduced the file with:
 	git log --diff-filter=A --pretty=short -- foo
 
 and then annotate the change between the commit and its
-parents, using `commit{caret}!` notation:
+parents, using `commit^!` notation:
 
 	git blame -C -C -f $commit^! -- foo
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
index 0427e80a35..359619b552 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-branch.txt
@@ -10,8 +10,11 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [-r | -a]
 	[--list] [-v [--abbrev=<length> | --no-abbrev]]
+	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column]
 	[(--merged | --no-merged | --contains) [<commit>]] [<pattern>...]
 'git branch' [--set-upstream | --track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
+'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
+'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
 'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
 'git branch' (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>...
 'git branch' --edit-description [<branchname>]
@@ -19,13 +22,15 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-With no arguments, existing branches are listed and the current branch will
-be highlighted with an asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking
-branches to be listed, and option `-a` shows both. This list mode is also
-activated by the `--list` option (see below).
-<pattern> restricts the output to matching branches, the pattern is a shell
-wildcard (i.e., matched using fnmatch(3))
-Multiple patterns may be given; if any of them matches, the tag is shown.
+If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
+branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted with an
+asterisk.  Option `-r` causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed,
+and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches. If a `<pattern>`
+is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
+matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
+it matches any of the patterns.  Note that when providing a
+`<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command is interpreted
+as branch creation.
 
 With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
 (in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
@@ -42,14 +47,15 @@ Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
 working tree to it; use "git checkout <newbranch>" to switch to the
 new branch.
 
-When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, git sets up the
-branch so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
+When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
+branch (specifically the `branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge`
+configuration entries) so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
 the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
-`branch.autosetupmerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
+`branch.autoSetupMerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
 overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
-changed later using `git branch --set-upstream`.
+changed later using `git branch --set-upstream-to`.
 
-With a '-m' or '-M' option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
+With a `-m` or `-M` option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
 If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
 <newbranch>, and a reflog entry is created to remember the branch
 renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename
@@ -59,7 +65,7 @@ With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted.  You may
 specify more than one branch for deletion.  If the branch currently
 has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted.
 
-Use -r together with -d to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
+Use `-r` together with `-d` to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
 only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist
 in the remote repository or if 'git fetch' was configured not to fetch
 them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a
@@ -107,6 +113,14 @@ OPTIONS
 	default to color output.
 	Same as `--color=never`.
 
+--column[=<options>]::
+--no-column::
+	Display branch listing in columns. See configuration variable
+	column.branch for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column`
+	without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively.
++
+This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.
+
 -r::
 --remotes::
 	List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches.
@@ -120,11 +134,18 @@ OPTIONS
 	use `git branch --list <pattern>` to list matching branches.
 
 -v::
+-vv::
 --verbose::
 	When in list mode,
 	show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with
 	relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print
-	the name of the upstream branch, as well.
+	the name of the upstream branch, as well (see also `git remote
+	show <remote>`).
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Be more quiet when creating or deleting a branch, suppressing
+	non-error messages.
 
 --abbrev=<length>::
 	Alter the sha1's minimum display length in the output listing.
@@ -136,7 +157,8 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -t::
 --track::
-	When creating a new branch, set up configuration to mark the
+	When creating a new branch, set up `branch.<name>.remote` and
+	`branch.<name>.merge` configuration entries to mark the
 	start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This
 	configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
 	two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore,
@@ -144,35 +166,46 @@ OPTIONS
 	upstream when the new branch is checked out.
 +
 This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch.
-Set the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to `false` if you
+Set the branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable to `false` if you
 want `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if '--no-track'
 were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
 start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
 
 --no-track::
 	Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
-	branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.
+	branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable is true.
 
 --set-upstream::
-	If specified branch does not exist yet or if '--force' has been
-	given, acts exactly like '--track'. Otherwise sets up configuration
-	like '--track' would when creating the branch, except that where
+	If specified branch does not exist yet or if `--force` has been
+	given, acts exactly like `--track`. Otherwise sets up configuration
+	like `--track` would when creating the branch, except that where
 	branch points to is not changed.
 
+-u <upstream>::
+--set-upstream-to=<upstream>::
+	Set up <branchname>'s tracking information so <upstream> is
+	considered <branchname>'s upstream branch. If no <branchname>
+	is specified, then it defaults to the current branch.
+
+--unset-upstream::
+	Remove the upstream information for <branchname>. If no branch
+	is specified it defaults to the current branch.
+
 --edit-description::
 	Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is
 	for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `request-pull`).
 
---contains <commit>::
-	Only list branches which contain the specified commit.
+--contains [<commit>]::
+	Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
+	if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
-	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 --no-merged [<commit>]::
 	Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
-	specified commit (HEAD if not specified).
+	specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
 
 <branchname>::
 	The name of the branch to create or delete.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
index 92b01ec25d..0417562eb7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-bundle.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 
 Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
 machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
-be directly connected, and therefore the interactive git protocols (git,
+be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git,
 ssh, rsync, http) cannot be used.  This command provides support for
 'git fetch' and 'git pull' to operate by packaging objects and references
 in an archive at the originating machine, then importing those into
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ unbundle <file>::
 	A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
 	'git rev-list' (and containing a named ref, see SPECIFYING REFERENCES
 	below), that specifies the specific objects and references
-	to transport.  For example, `master{tilde}10..master` causes the
+	to transport.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
 	current master reference to be packaged along with all objects
 	added since its 10th ancestor commit.  There is no explicit
 	limit to the number of references and objects that may be
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ SPECIFYING REFERENCES
 
 'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by
 'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads.  References
-such as `master{tilde}1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
+such as `master~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
 defining the basis.  More than one reference may be packaged, and more
 than one basis can be specified.  The objects packaged are those not
 contained in the union of the given bases.  Each basis can be
-specified explicitly (e.g. `^master{tilde}10`), or implicitly (e.g.
-`master{tilde}10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
+specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g.
+`master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
 
 It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination.
 It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file
@@ -112,13 +112,12 @@ machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master
 machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
 ----------------
 
-Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. If you are creating
-the repository on machine B, then you can clone from the bundle as if it
-were a remote repository instead of creating an empty repository and then
-pulling or fetching objects from the bundle:
+Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. Because this
+bundle does not require any existing object to be extracted, you can
+create a new repository on machine B by cloning from it:
 
 ----------------
-machineB$ git clone /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
+machineB$ git clone -b master /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
 ----------------
 
 This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
index 2fb95bbd19..f6a16f4300 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cat-file.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ object type, or '-s' is used to find the object size, or '--textconv' is used
 (which implies type "blob").
 
 In the second form, a list of objects (separated by linefeeds) is provided on
-stdin, and the SHA1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
+stdin, and the SHA-1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -54,16 +54,20 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --textconv::
 	Show the content as transformed by a textconv filter. In this case,
-	<object> has be of the form <treeish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
+	<object> has be of the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path> in order
 	to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at <path>.
 
 --batch::
-	Print the SHA1, type, size, and contents of each object provided on
-	stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
+--batch=<format>::
+	Print object information and contents for each object provided
+	on stdin.  May not be combined with any other options or arguments.
+	See the section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
 
 --batch-check::
-	Print the SHA1, type, and size of each object provided on stdin. May not
-	be combined with any other options or arguments.
+--batch-check=<format>::
+	Print object information for each object provided on stdin.  May
+	not be combined with any other options or arguments.  See the
+	section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
 
 OUTPUT
 ------
@@ -78,28 +82,87 @@ If '-p' is specified, the contents of <object> are pretty-printed.
 If <type> is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the <object>
 will be returned.
 
-If '--batch' is specified, output of the following form is printed for each
-object specified on stdin:
+BATCH OUTPUT
+------------
+
+If `--batch` or `--batch-check` is given, `cat-file` will read objects
+from stdin, one per line, and print information about them. By default,
+the whole line is considered as an object, as if it were fed to
+linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
+
+You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom
+`<format>`. The `<format>` is copied literally to stdout for each
+object, with placeholders of the form `%(atom)` expanded, followed by a
+newline. The available atoms are:
+
+`objectname`::
+	The 40-hex object name of the object.
+
+`objecttype`::
+	The type of of the object (the same as `cat-file -t` reports).
+
+`objectsize`::
+	The size, in bytes, of the object (the same as `cat-file -s`
+	reports).
+
+`objectsize:disk`::
+	The size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the
+	note about on-disk sizes in the `CAVEATS` section below.
+
+`deltabase`::
+	If the object is stored as a delta on-disk, this expands to the
+	40-hex sha1 of the delta base object. Otherwise, expands to the
+	null sha1 (40 zeroes). See `CAVEATS` below.
+
+`rest`::
+	If this atom is used in the output string, input lines are split
+	at the first whitespace boundary. All characters before that
+	whitespace are considered to be the object name; characters
+	after that first run of whitespace (i.e., the "rest" of the
+	line) are output in place of the `%(rest)` atom.
+
+If no format is specified, the default format is `%(objectname)
+%(objecttype) %(objectsize)`.
+
+If `--batch` is specified, the object information is followed by the
+object contents (consisting of `%(objectsize)` bytes), followed by a
+newline.
+
+For example, `--batch` without a custom format would produce:
 
 ------------
 <sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
 <contents> LF
 ------------
 
-If '--batch-check' is specified, output of the following form is printed for
-each object specified on stdin:
+Whereas `--batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype)'` would produce:
 
 ------------
-<sha1> SP <type> SP <size> LF
+<sha1> SP <type> LF
 ------------
 
-For both '--batch' and '--batch-check', output of the following form is printed
-for each object specified on stdin that does not exist in the repository:
+If a name is specified on stdin that cannot be resolved to an object in
+the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format and print:
 
 ------------
 <object> SP missing LF
 ------------
 
+
+CAVEATS
+-------
+
+Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care
+should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are
+responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be
+much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the
+choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary
+and is subject to change during a repack.
+
+Note also that multiple copies of an object may be present in the object
+database; in this case, it is undefined which copy's size or delta base
+will be reported.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
index 5abdbaa51c..00e2aa2df2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-attr.txt
@@ -31,8 +31,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
 
 -z::
-	Only meaningful with `--stdin`; paths are separated with a
-	NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable.
+	If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
+	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
 
 \--::
 	Interpret all preceding arguments as attributes and all following
@@ -48,6 +49,10 @@ OUTPUT
 The output is of the form:
 <path> COLON SP <attribute> COLON SP <info> LF
 
+unless `-z` is in effect, in which case NUL is used as delimiter:
+<path> NUL <attribute> NUL <info> NUL
+
+
 <path> is the path of a file being queried, <attribute> is an attribute
 being queried and <info> can be either:
 
@@ -56,6 +61,11 @@ being queried and <info> can be either:
 'set';;		when the attribute is defined as true.
 <value>;;	when a value has been assigned to the attribute.
 
+Buffering happens as documented under the `GIT_FLUSH` option in
+linkgit:git[1].  The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks
+caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output
+buffer.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e35cd0489b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ignore.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+git-check-ignore(1)
+===================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-ignore - Debug gitignore / exclude files
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-ignore' [options] pathname...
+'git check-ignore' [options] --stdin < <list-of-paths>
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+For each pathname given via the command-line or from a file via
+`--stdin`, show the pattern from .gitignore (or other input files to
+the exclude mechanism) that decides if the pathname is excluded or
+included.  Later patterns within a file take precedence over earlier
+ones.
+
+By default, tracked files are not shown at all since they are not
+subject to exclude rules; but see `--no-index'.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-q, --quiet::
+	Don't output anything, just set exit status.  This is only
+	valid with a single pathname.
+
+-v, --verbose::
+	Also output details about the matching pattern (if any)
+	for each given pathname.
+
+--stdin::
+	Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
+
+-z::
+	The output format is modified to be machine-parseable (see
+	below).  If `--stdin` is also given, input paths are separated
+	with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
+
+-n, --non-matching::
+	Show given paths which don't match any pattern.	 This only
+	makes sense when `--verbose` is enabled, otherwise it would
+	not be possible to distinguish between paths which match a
+	pattern and those which don't.
+
+--no-index::
+	Don't look in the index when undertaking the checks. This can
+	be used to debug why a path became tracked by e.g. `git add .`
+	and was not ignored by the rules as expected by the user or when
+	developing patterns including negation to match a path previously
+	added with `git add -f`.
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+By default, any of the given pathnames which match an ignore pattern
+will be output, one per line.  If no pattern matches a given path,
+nothing will be output for that path; this means that path will not be
+ignored.
+
+If `--verbose` is specified, the output is a series of lines of the form:
+
+<source> <COLON> <linenum> <COLON> <pattern> <HT> <pathname>
+
+<pathname> is the path of a file being queried, <pattern> is the
+matching pattern, <source> is the pattern's source file, and <linenum>
+is the line number of the pattern within that source.  If the pattern
+contained a `!` prefix or `/` suffix, it will be preserved in the
+output.  <source> will be an absolute path when referring to the file
+configured by `core.excludesFile`, or relative to the repository root
+when referring to `.git/info/exclude` or a per-directory exclude file.
+
+If `-z` is specified, the pathnames in the output are delimited by the
+null character; if `--verbose` is also specified then null characters
+are also used instead of colons and hard tabs:
+
+<source> <NULL> <linenum> <NULL> <pattern> <NULL> <pathname> <NULL>
+
+If `-n` or `--non-matching` are specified, non-matching pathnames will
+also be output, in which case all fields in each output record except
+for <pathname> will be empty.  This can be useful when running
+non-interactively, so that files can be incrementally streamed to
+STDIN of a long-running check-ignore process, and for each of these
+files, STDOUT will indicate whether that file matched a pattern or
+not.  (Without this option, it would be impossible to tell whether the
+absence of output for a given file meant that it didn't match any
+pattern, or that the output hadn't been generated yet.)
+
+Buffering happens as documented under the `GIT_FLUSH` option in
+linkgit:git[1].  The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks
+caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output
+buffer.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+-----------
+
+0::
+	One or more of the provided paths is ignored.
+
+1::
+	None of the provided paths are ignored.
+
+128::
+	A fatal error was encountered.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+linkgit:gitconfig[5]
+linkgit:git-ls-files[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39028ee1a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-mailmap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+git-check-mailmap(1)
+====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-check-mailmap - Show canonical names and email addresses of contacts
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git check-mailmap' [options] <contact>...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+For each ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' or ``$$<user@host>$$'' from the command-line
+or standard input (when using `--stdin`), look up the person's canonical name
+and email address (see "Mapping Authors" below). If found, print them;
+otherwise print the input as-is.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--stdin::
+	Read contacts, one per line, from the standard input after exhausting
+	contacts provided on the command-line.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+For each contact, a single line is output, terminated by a newline.  If the
+name is provided or known to the 'mailmap', ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is
+printed; otherwise only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed.
+
+
+MAPPING AUTHORS
+---------------
+
+include::mailmap.txt[]
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
index 103e7b128d..fc02959ba4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-check-ref-format.txt
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Checks if a given 'refname' is acceptable, and exits with a non-zero
 status if it is not.
 
-A reference is used in git to specify branches and tags.  A
+A reference is used in Git to specify branches and tags.  A
 branch head is stored in the `refs/heads` hierarchy, while
 a tag is stored in the `refs/tags` hierarchy of the ref namespace
 (typically in `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads` and `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags`
 directories or, as entries in file `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`
 if refs are packed by `git gc`).
 
-git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
+Git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
 
 . They can include slash `/` for hierarchical (directory)
   grouping, but no slash-separated component can begin with a
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
 
 . They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose
   values are lower than \040, or \177 `DEL`), space, tilde `~`,
-  caret `{caret}`, or colon `:` anywhere.
+  caret `^`, or colon `:` anywhere.
 
-. They cannot have question-mark `?`, asterisk `{asterisk}`, or open
+. They cannot have question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`, or open
   bracket `[` anywhere.  See the `--refspec-pattern` option below for
   an exception to this rule.
 
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ git imposes the following rules on how references are named:
 
 . They cannot contain a sequence `@{`.
 
+. They cannot be the single character `@`.
+
 . They cannot contain a `\`.
 
 These rules make it easy for shell script based tools to parse
@@ -62,10 +64,10 @@ unquoted (by mistake), and also avoids ambiguities in certain
 reference name expressions (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]):
 
 . A double-dot `..` is often used as in `ref1..ref2`, and in some
-  contexts this notation means `{caret}ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in
+  contexts this notation means `^ref1 ref2` (i.e. not in
   `ref1` and in `ref2`).
 
-. A tilde `~` and caret `{caret}` are used to introduce the postfix
+. A tilde `~` and caret `^` are used to introduce the postfix
   'nth parent' and 'peel onion' operation.
 
 . A colon `:` is used as in `srcref:dstref` to mean "use srcref\'s
@@ -83,8 +85,7 @@ typed the branch name.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---allow-onelevel::
---no-allow-onelevel::
+--[no-]allow-onelevel::
 	Controls whether one-level refnames are accepted (i.e.,
 	refnames that do not contain multiple `/`-separated
 	components).  The default is `--no-allow-onelevel`.
@@ -92,9 +93,9 @@ OPTIONS
 --refspec-pattern::
 	Interpret <refname> as a reference name pattern for a refspec
 	(as used with remote repositories).  If this option is
-	enabled, <refname> is allowed to contain a single `{asterisk}`
+	enabled, <refname> is allowed to contain a single `*`
 	in place of a one full pathname component (e.g.,
-	`foo/{asterisk}/bar` but not `foo/bar{asterisk}`).
+	`foo/*/bar` but not `foo/bar*`).
 
 --normalize::
 	Normalize 'refname' by removing any leading slash (`/`)
diff --git a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
index c0a96e6c1e..d5041082e8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-checkout.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [<branch>]
-'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [--detach] [<commit>]
+'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] --detach [<branch>]
+'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [--detach] <commit>
 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [-m] [[-b|-B|--orphan] <new_branch>] [<start_point>]
 'git checkout' [-f|--ours|--theirs|-m|--conflict=<style>] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
 'git checkout' [-p|--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
@@ -21,18 +22,34 @@ or the specified tree.  If no paths are given, 'git checkout' will
 also update `HEAD` to set the specified branch as the current
 branch.
 
-'git checkout' [<branch>]::
+'git checkout' <branch>::
+	To prepare for working on <branch>, switch to it by updating
+	the index and the files in the working tree, and by pointing
+	HEAD at the branch. Local modifications to the files in the
+	working tree are kept, so that they can be committed to the
+	<branch>.
++
+If <branch> is not found but there does exist a tracking branch in
+exactly one remote (call it <remote>) with a matching name, treat as
+equivalent to
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -b <branch> --track <remote>/<branch>
+------------
++
+You could omit <branch>, in which case the command degenerates to
+"check out the current branch", which is a glorified no-op with a
+rather expensive side-effects to show only the tracking information,
+if exists, for the current branch.
+
 'git checkout' -b|-B <new_branch> [<start point>]::
-'git checkout' [--detach] [<commit>]::
 
-	This form switches branches by updating the index, working
-	tree, and HEAD to reflect the specified branch or commit.
-+
-If `-b` is given, a new branch is created as if linkgit:git-branch[1]
-were called and then checked out; in this case you can
-use the `--track` or `--no-track` options, which will be passed to
-'git branch'.  As a convenience, `--track` without `-b` implies branch
-creation; see the description of `--track` below.
+	Specifying `-b` causes a new branch to be created as if
+	linkgit:git-branch[1] were called and then checked out.  In
+	this case you can use the `--track` or `--no-track` options,
+	which will be passed to 'git branch'.  As a convenience,
+	`--track` without `-b` implies branch creation; see the
+	description of `--track` below.
 +
 If `-B` is given, <new_branch> is created if it doesn't exist; otherwise, it
 is reset. This is the transactional equivalent of
@@ -45,6 +62,22 @@ $ git checkout <branch>
 that is to say, the branch is not reset/created unless "git checkout" is
 successful.
 
+'git checkout' --detach [<branch>]::
+'git checkout' [--detach] <commit>::
+
+	Prepare to work on top of <commit>, by detaching HEAD at it
+	(see "DETACHED HEAD" section), and updating the index and the
+	files in the working tree.  Local modifications to the files
+	in the working tree are kept, so that the resulting working
+	tree will be the state recorded in the commit plus the local
+	modifications.
++
+When the <commit> argument is a branch name, the `--detach` option can
+be used to detach HEAD at the tip of the branch (`git checkout
+<branch>` would check out that branch without detaching HEAD).
++
+Omitting <branch> detaches HEAD at the tip of the current branch.
+
 'git checkout' [-p|--patch] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...::
 
 	When <paths> or `--patch` are given, 'git checkout' does *not*
@@ -84,11 +117,11 @@ entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored.
 	When checking out paths from the index, check out stage #2
 	('ours') or #3 ('theirs') for unmerged paths.
 
--b::
+-b <new_branch>::
 	Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at
 	<start_point>; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 
--B::
+-B <new_branch>::
 	Creates the branch <new_branch> and start it at <start_point>;
 	if it already exists, then reset it to <start_point>. This is
 	equivalent to running "git branch" with "-f"; see
@@ -100,9 +133,9 @@ entries; instead, unmerged entries are ignored.
 	"--track" in linkgit:git-branch[1] for details.
 +
 If no '-b' option is given, the name of the new branch will be
-derived from the remote-tracking branch.  If "remotes/" or "refs/remotes/"
-is prefixed it is stripped away, and then the part up to the
-next slash (which would be the nickname of the remote) is removed.
+derived from the remote-tracking branch, by looking at the local part of
+the refspec configured for the corresponding remote, and then stripping
+the initial part up to the "*".
 This would tell us to use "hack" as the local branch when branching
 off of "origin/hack" (or "remotes/origin/hack", or even
 "refs/remotes/origin/hack").  If the given name has no slash, or the above
@@ -111,7 +144,7 @@ explicitly give a name with '-b' in such a case.
 
 --no-track::
 	Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
-	branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable is true.
+	branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable is true.
 
 -l::
 	Create the new branch's reflog; see linkgit:git-branch[1] for
@@ -124,7 +157,7 @@ explicitly give a name with '-b' in such a case.
 	<commit> is not a branch name.  See the "DETACHED HEAD" section
 	below for details.
 
---orphan::
+--orphan <new_branch>::
 	Create a new 'orphan' branch, named <new_branch>, started from
 	<start_point> and switch to it.  The first commit made on this
 	new branch will have no parents and it will be the root of a new
@@ -149,6 +182,12 @@ branch by running "git rm -rf ." from the top level of the working tree.
 Afterwards you will be ready to prepare your new files, repopulating the
 working tree, by copying them from elsewhere, extracting a tarball, etc.
 
+--ignore-skip-worktree-bits::
+	In sparse checkout mode, `git checkout -- <paths>` would
+	update only entries matched by <paths> and sparse patterns
+	in $GIT_DIR/info/sparse-checkout. This option ignores
+	the sparse patterns and adds back any files in <paths>.
+
 -m::
 --merge::
 	When switching branches,
@@ -171,7 +210,7 @@ the conflicted merge in the specified paths.
 --conflict=<style>::
 	The same as --merge option above, but changes the way the
 	conflicting hunks are presented, overriding the
-	merge.conflictstyle configuration variable.  Possible values are
+	merge.conflictStyle configuration variable.  Possible values are
 	"merge" (default) and "diff3" (in addition to what is shown by
 	"merge" style, shows the original contents).
 
@@ -184,7 +223,7 @@ the conflicted merge in the specified paths.
 +
 This means that you can use `git checkout -p` to selectively discard
 edits from your current working tree. See the ``Interactive Mode''
-section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode.
+section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
 
 <branch>::
 	Branch to checkout; if it refers to a branch (i.e., a name that,
@@ -193,11 +232,11 @@ section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode.
 	commit, your HEAD becomes "detached" and you are no longer on
 	any branch (see below for details).
 +
-As a special case, the `"@\{-N\}"` syntax for the N-th last branch
-checks out the branch (instead of detaching).  You may also specify
-`-` which is synonymous with `"@\{-1\}"`.
+As a special case, the `"@{-N}"` syntax for the N-th last branch/commit
+checks out branches (instead of detaching).  You may also specify
+`-` which is synonymous with `"@{-1}"`.
 +
-As a further special case, you may use `"A\...B"` as a shortcut for the
+As a further special case, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for the
 merge base of `A` and `B` if there is exactly one merge base. You can
 leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to `HEAD`.
 
@@ -302,7 +341,7 @@ a---b---c---d  branch 'master' (refers to commit 'd')
   tag 'v2.0' (refers to commit 'b')
 ------------
 
-In fact, we can perform all the normal git operations. But, let's look
+In fact, we can perform all the normal Git operations. But, let's look
 at what happens when we then checkout master:
 
 ------------
@@ -319,7 +358,7 @@ a---b---c---d  branch 'master' (refers to commit 'd')
 
 It is important to realize that at this point nothing refers to commit
 'f'. Eventually commit 'f' (and by extension commit 'e') will be deleted
-by the routine git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference
+by the routine Git garbage collection process, unless we create a reference
 before that happens. If we have not yet moved away from commit 'f',
 any of these will create a reference to it:
 
@@ -367,6 +406,18 @@ $ git checkout hello.c            <3>
 <2> take a file out of another commit
 <3> restore hello.c from the index
 +
+If you want to check out _all_ C source files out of the index,
+you can say
++
+------------
+$ git checkout -- '*.c'
+------------
++
+Note the quotes around `*.c`.  The file `hello.c` will also be
+checked out, even though it is no longer in the working tree,
+because the file globbing is used to match entries in the index
+(not in the working tree by the shell).
++
 If you have an unfortunate branch that is named `hello.c`, this
 step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch.
 You should instead write:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
index fed5097e00..1147c71da6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cherry-pick.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ git-cherry-pick - Apply the changes introduced by some existing commits
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git cherry-pick' [--edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-x] [--ff] <commit>...
+'git cherry-pick' [--edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-x] [--ff]
+		  [-S[<key-id>]] <commit>...
 'git cherry-pick' --continue
 'git cherry-pick' --quit
 'git cherry-pick' --abort
@@ -47,7 +48,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 	Sets of commits can be passed but no traversal is done by
 	default, as if the '--no-walk' option was specified, see
-	linkgit:git-rev-list[1].
+	linkgit:git-rev-list[1]. Note that specifying a range will
+	feed all <commit>... arguments to a single revision walk
+	(see a later example that uses 'maint master..next').
 
 -e::
 --edit::
@@ -98,11 +101,40 @@ effect to your index in a row.
 --signoff::
 	Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
 
+-S[<key-id>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<key-id>]::
+	GPG-sign commits.
+
 --ff::
 	If the current HEAD is the same as the parent of the
 	cherry-pick'ed commit, then a fast forward to this commit will
 	be performed.
 
+--allow-empty::
+	By default, cherry-picking an empty commit will fail,
+	indicating that an explicit invocation of `git commit
+	--allow-empty` is required. This option overrides that
+	behavior, allowing empty commits to be preserved automatically
+	in a cherry-pick. Note that when "--ff" is in effect, empty
+	commits that meet the "fast-forward" requirement will be kept
+	even without this option.  Note also, that use of this option only
+	keeps commits that were initially empty (i.e. the commit recorded the
+	same tree as its parent).  Commits which are made empty due to a
+	previous commit are dropped.  To force the inclusion of those commits
+	use `--keep-redundant-commits`.
+
+--allow-empty-message::
+	By default, cherry-picking a commit with an empty message will fail.
+	This option overrides that behaviour, allowing commits with empty
+	messages to be cherry picked.
+
+--keep-redundant-commits::
+	If a commit being cherry picked duplicates a commit already in the
+	current history, it will become empty.  By default these
+	redundant commits cause `cherry-pick` to stop so the user can
+	examine the commit. This option overrides that behavior and
+	creates an empty commit object.  Implies `--allow-empty`.
+
 --strategy=<strategy>::
 	Use the given merge strategy.  Should only be used once.
 	See the MERGE STRATEGIES section in linkgit:git-merge[1]
@@ -130,7 +162,16 @@ EXAMPLES
 	Apply the changes introduced by all commits that are ancestors
 	of master but not of HEAD to produce new commits.
 
-`git cherry-pick master{tilde}4 master{tilde}2`::
+`git cherry-pick maint next ^master`::
+`git cherry-pick maint master..next`::
+
+	Apply the changes introduced by all commits that are
+	ancestors of maint or next, but not master or any of its
+	ancestors.  Note that the latter does not mean `maint` and
+	everything between `master` and `next`; specifically,
+	`maint` will not be used if it is included in `master`.
+
+`git cherry-pick master~4 master~2`::
 
 	Apply the changes introduced by the fifth and third last
 	commits pointed to by master and create 2 new commits with
@@ -151,7 +192,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 	are in next but not HEAD to the current branch, creating a new
 	commit for each new change.
 
-`git rev-list --reverse master \-- README | git cherry-pick -n --stdin`::
+`git rev-list --reverse master -- README | git cherry-pick -n --stdin`::
 
 	Apply the changes introduced by all commits on the master
 	branch that touched README to the working tree and index,
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
index f6c19c734d..0ea921a593 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cherry.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-cherry(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-cherry - Find commits not merged upstream
+git-cherry - Find commits yet to be applied to upstream
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,47 +12,26 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-The changeset (or "diff") of each commit between the fork-point and <head>
-is compared against each commit between the fork-point and <upstream>.
-The commits are compared with their 'patch id', obtained from
-the 'git patch-id' program.
+Determine whether there are commits in `<head>..<upstream>` that are
+equivalent to those in the range `<limit>..<head>`.
 
-Every commit that doesn't exist in the <upstream> branch
-has its id (sha1) reported, prefixed by a symbol.  The ones that have
-equivalent change already
-in the <upstream> branch are prefixed with a minus (-) sign, and those
-that only exist in the <head> branch are prefixed with a plus (+) symbol:
-
-               __*__*__*__*__> <upstream>
-              /
-    fork-point
-              \__+__+__-__+__+__-__+__> <head>
-
-
-If a <limit> has been given then the commits along the <head> branch up
-to and including <limit> are not reported:
-
-               __*__*__*__*__> <upstream>
-              /
-    fork-point
-              \__*__*__<limit>__-__+__> <head>
-
-
-Because 'git cherry' compares the changeset rather than the commit id
-(sha1), you can use 'git cherry' to find out if a commit you made locally
-has been applied <upstream> under a different commit id.  For example,
-this will happen if you're feeding patches <upstream> via email rather
-than pushing or pulling commits directly.
+The equivalence test is based on the diff, after removing whitespace
+and line numbers.  git-cherry therefore detects when commits have been
+"copied" by means of linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1], linkgit:git-am[1] or
+linkgit:git-rebase[1].
 
+Outputs the SHA1 of every commit in `<limit>..<head>`, prefixed with
+`-` for commits that have an equivalent in <upstream>, and `+` for
+commits that do not.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -v::
-	Verbose.
+	Show the commit subjects next to the SHA1s.
 
 <upstream>::
-	Upstream branch to compare against.
-	Defaults to the first tracked remote branch, if available.
+	Upstream branch to search for equivalent commits.
+	Defaults to the upstream branch of HEAD.
 
 <head>::
 	Working branch; defaults to HEAD.
@@ -60,6 +39,103 @@ OPTIONS
 <limit>::
 	Do not report commits up to (and including) limit.
 
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+Patch workflows
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+git-cherry is frequently used in patch-based workflows (see
+linkgit:gitworkflows[7]) to determine if a series of patches has been
+applied by the upstream maintainer.  In such a workflow you might
+create and send a topic branch like this:
+
+------------
+$ git checkout -b topic origin/master
+# work and create some commits
+$ git format-patch origin/master
+$ git send-email ... 00*
+------------
+
+Later, you can see whether your changes have been applied by saying
+(still on `topic`):
+
+------------
+$ git fetch  # update your notion of origin/master
+$ git cherry -v
+------------
+
+Concrete example
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In a situation where topic consisted of three commits, and the
+maintainer applied two of them, the situation might look like:
+
+------------
+$ git log --graph --oneline --decorate --boundary origin/master...topic
+* 7654321 (origin/master) upstream tip commit
+[... snip some other commits ...]
+* cccc111 cherry-pick of C
+* aaaa111 cherry-pick of A
+[... snip a lot more that has happened ...]
+| * cccc000 (topic) commit C
+| * bbbb000 commit B
+| * aaaa000 commit A
+|/
+o 1234567 branch point
+------------
+
+In such cases, git-cherry shows a concise summary of what has yet to
+be applied:
+
+------------
+$ git cherry origin/master topic
+- cccc000... commit C
++ bbbb000... commit B
+- aaaa000... commit A
+------------
+
+Here, we see that the commits A and C (marked with `-`) can be
+dropped from your `topic` branch when you rebase it on top of
+`origin/master`, while the commit B (marked with `+`) still needs to
+be kept so that it will be sent to be applied to `origin/master`.
+
+
+Using a limit
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The optional <limit> is useful in cases where your topic is based on
+other work that is not in upstream.  Expanding on the previous
+example, this might look like:
+
+------------
+$ git log --graph --oneline --decorate --boundary origin/master...topic
+* 7654321 (origin/master) upstream tip commit
+[... snip some other commits ...]
+* cccc111 cherry-pick of C
+* aaaa111 cherry-pick of A
+[... snip a lot more that has happened ...]
+| * cccc000 (topic) commit C
+| * bbbb000 commit B
+| * aaaa000 commit A
+| * 0000fff (base) unpublished stuff F
+[... snip ...]
+| * 0000aaa unpublished stuff A
+|/
+o 1234567 merge-base between upstream and topic
+------------
+
+By specifying `base` as the limit, you can avoid listing commits
+between `base` and `topic`:
+
+------------
+$ git cherry origin/master topic base
+- cccc000... commit C
++ bbbb000... commit B
+- aaaa000... commit A
+------------
+
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-patch-id[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clean.txt b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
index 79fb984144..641681f61a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clean.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clean.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-clean - Remove untracked files from the working tree
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
+'git clean' [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <path>...
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Cleans the working tree by recursively removing files that are not
 under version control, starting from the current directory.
 
-Normally, only files unknown to git are removed, but if the '-x'
+Normally, only files unknown to Git are removed, but if the '-x'
 option is specified, ignored files are also removed. This can, for
 example, be useful to remove all build products.
 
@@ -27,14 +27,24 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 -d::
 	Remove untracked directories in addition to untracked files.
-	If an untracked directory is managed by a different git
+	If an untracked directory is managed by a different Git
 	repository, it is not removed by default.  Use -f option twice
 	if you really want to remove such a directory.
 
 -f::
 --force::
-	If the git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
-	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to run unless given -f or -n.
+	If the Git configuration variable clean.requireForce is not set
+	to false, 'git clean' will refuse to delete files or directories
+	unless given -f, -n or -i. Git will refuse to delete directories
+	with .git sub directory or file unless a second -f
+	is given. This affects also git submodules where the storage area
+	of the removed submodule under .git/modules/ is not removed until
+	-f is given twice.
+
+-i::
+--interactive::
+	Show what would be done and clean files interactively. See
+	``Interactive mode'' for details.
 
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -60,9 +70,74 @@ OPTIONS
 	working directory to test a clean build.
 
 -X::
-	Remove only files ignored by git.  This may be useful to rebuild
+	Remove only files ignored by Git.  This may be useful to rebuild
 	everything from scratch, but keep manually created files.
 
+Interactive mode
+----------------
+When the command enters the interactive mode, it shows the
+files and directories to be cleaned, and goes into its
+interactive command loop.
+
+The command loop shows the list of subcommands available, and
+gives a prompt "What now> ".  In general, when the prompt ends
+with a single '>', you can pick only one of the choices given
+and type return, like this:
+
+------------
+    *** Commands ***
+	1: clean                2: filter by pattern    3: select by numbers
+	4: ask each             5: quit                 6: help
+    What now> 1
+------------
+
+You also could say `c` or `clean` above as long as the choice is unique.
+
+The main command loop has 6 subcommands.
+
+clean::
+
+   Start cleaning files and directories, and then quit.
+
+filter by pattern::
+
+   This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an
+   "Input ignore patterns>>" prompt. You can input space-separated
+   patterns to exclude files and directories from deletion.
+   E.g. "*.c *.h" will excludes files end with ".c" and ".h" from
+   deletion. When you are satisfied with the filtered result, press
+   ENTER (empty) back to the main menu.
+
+select by numbers::
+
+   This shows the files and directories to be deleted and issues an
+   "Select items to delete>>" prompt. When the prompt ends with double
+   '>>' like this, you can make more than one selection, concatenated
+   with whitespace or comma.  Also you can say ranges.  E.g. "2-5 7,9"
+   to choose 2,3,4,5,7,9 from the list.  If the second number in a
+   range is omitted, all remaining items are selected.  E.g. "7-" to
+   choose 7,8,9 from the list.  You can say '*' to choose everything.
+   Also when you are satisfied with the filtered result, press ENTER
+   (empty) back to the main menu.
+
+ask each::
+
+  This will start to clean, and you must confirm one by one in order
+  to delete items. Please note that this action is not as efficient
+  as the above two actions.
+
+quit::
+
+  This lets you quit without do cleaning.
+
+help::
+
+  Show brief usage of interactive git-clean.
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitignore[5]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-clone.txt b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
index 6e22522c4f..f1f2a3f7ea 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-clone.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-clone.txt
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git clone' [--template=<template_directory>]
 	  [-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror]
 	  [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
-	  [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
+	  [--dissociate] [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
 	  [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch]
-	  [--recursive|--recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
+	  [--recursive | --recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
 	  [<directory>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ currently active branch.
 After the clone, a plain `git fetch` without arguments will update
 all the remote-tracking branches, and a `git pull` without
 arguments will in addition merge the remote master branch into the
-current master branch, if any.
+current master branch, if any (this is untrue when "--single-branch"
+is given; see below).
 
 This default configuration is achieved by creating references to
 the remote branch heads under `refs/remotes/origin` and
@@ -42,22 +43,24 @@ OPTIONS
 --local::
 -l::
 	When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
-	this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport
+	this flag bypasses the normal "Git aware" transport
 	mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
 	HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories.
 	The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked
-	to save space when possible.  This is now the default when
-	the source repository is specified with `/path/to/repo`
-	syntax, so it essentially is a no-op option.  To force
-	copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable
-	if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository),
-	but still avoid the usual "git aware" transport
-	mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
+	to save space when possible.
++
+If the repository is specified as a local path (e.g., `/path/to/repo`),
+this is the default, and --local is essentially a no-op.  If the
+repository is specified as a URL, then this flag is ignored (and we
+never use the local optimizations).  Specifying `--no-local` will
+override the default when `/path/to/repo` is given, using the regular
+Git transport instead.
 
 --no-hardlinks::
-	Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a
-	local filesystem by copying files under `.git/objects`
-	directory.
+	Force the cloning process from a repository on a local
+	filesystem to copy the files under the `.git/objects`
+	directory instead of using hardlinks. This may be desirable
+	if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository.
 
 --shared::
 -s::
@@ -70,9 +73,9 @@ OPTIONS
 *NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
 it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your
 repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
-other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
+other Git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
 source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
-These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`)
+These objects may be removed by normal Git operations (such as `git commit`)
 which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].)
 If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
 then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
@@ -95,7 +98,14 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	require fewer objects to be copied from the repository
 	being cloned, reducing network and local storage costs.
 +
-*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option.
+*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option, and also the
+`--dissociate` option.
+
+--dissociate::
+	Borrow the objects from reference repositories specified
+	with the `--reference` options only to reduce network
+	transfer and stop borrowing from them after a clone is made
+	by making necessary local copies of borrowed objects.
 
 --quiet::
 -q::
@@ -119,7 +129,7 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 	No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete.
 
 --bare::
-	Make a 'bare' GIT repository.  That is, instead of
+	Make a 'bare' Git repository.  That is, instead of
 	creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative
 	files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>`
 	itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `-n`
@@ -147,9 +157,10 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 -b <name>::
 	Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed
 	to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch
-	instead. `--branch` can also take tags and treat them like
-	detached HEAD. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch
-	that will be checked out.
+	instead. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch that will
+	be checked out.
+	`--branch` can also take tags and detaches the HEAD at that commit
+	in the resulting repository.
 
 --upload-pack <upload-pack>::
 -u <upload-pack>::
@@ -174,20 +185,20 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 
 --depth <depth>::
 	Create a 'shallow' clone with a history truncated to the
-	specified number of revisions.  A shallow repository has a
-	number of limitations (you cannot clone or fetch from
-	it, nor push from nor into it), but is adequate if you
-	are only interested in the recent history of a large project
-	with a long history, and would want to send in fixes
-	as patches.
-
---single-branch::
+	specified number of revisions.
+
+--[no-]single-branch::
 	Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch,
 	either specified by the `--branch` option or the primary
 	branch remote's `HEAD` points at. When creating a shallow
 	clone with the `--depth` option, this is the default, unless
 	`--no-single-branch` is given to fetch the histories near the
 	tips of all branches.
+	Further fetches into the resulting repository will only update the
+	remote-tracking branch for the branch this option was used for the
+	initial cloning.  If the HEAD at the remote did not point at any
+	branch when `--single-branch` clone was made, no remote-tracking
+	branch is created.
 
 --recursive::
 --recurse-submodules::
@@ -201,8 +212,8 @@ objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 	Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed
 	to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory,
-	then make a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link to there.
-	The result is git repository can be separated from working
+	then make a filesystem-agnostic Git symbolic link to there.
+	The result is Git repository can be separated from working
 	tree.
 
 
@@ -227,8 +238,8 @@ Examples
 * Clone from upstream:
 +
 ------------
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
-$ cd my2.6
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git my-linux
+$ cd my-linux
 $ make
 ------------
 
@@ -245,10 +256,10 @@ $ git show-branch
 * Clone from upstream while borrowing from an existing local directory:
 +
 ------------
-$ git clone --reference my2.6 \
-	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.7 \
-	my2.7
-$ cd my2.7
+$ git clone --reference /git/linux.git \
+	git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux.git \
+	my-linux
+$ cd my-linux
 ------------
 
 
@@ -259,13 +270,6 @@ $ git clone --bare -l /home/proj/.git /pub/scm/proj.git
 ------------
 
 
-* Create a repository on the kernel.org machine that borrows from Linus:
-+
-------------
-$ git clone --bare -l -s /pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6.git \
-    /pub/scm/.../me/subsys-2.6.git
-------------
-
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-column.txt b/Documentation/git-column.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03d18465d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-column.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+git-column(1)
+=============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-column - Display data in columns
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git column' [--command=<name>] [--[raw-]mode=<mode>] [--width=<width>]
+	     [--indent=<string>] [--nl=<string>] [--padding=<n>]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+This command formats its input into multiple columns.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--command=<name>::
+	Look up layout mode using configuration variable column.<name> and
+	column.ui.
+
+--mode=<mode>::
+	Specify layout mode. See configuration variable column.ui for option
+	syntax.
+
+--raw-mode=<n>::
+	Same as --mode but take mode encoded as a number. This is mainly used
+	by other commands that have already parsed layout mode.
+
+--width=<width>::
+	Specify the terminal width. By default 'git column' will detect the
+	terminal width, or fall back to 80 if it is unable to do so.
+
+--indent=<string>::
+	String to be printed at the beginning of each line.
+
+--nl=<N>::
+	String to be printed at the end of each line,
+	including newline character.
+
+--padding=<N>::
+	The number of spaces between columns. One space by default.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
index cfb9906bb5..f5f2a8d326 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit-tree.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git commit-tree' <tree> [(-p <parent>)...] < changelog
-'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [(-m <message>)...] [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
+'git commit-tree' [(-p <parent>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [(-m <message>)...]
+		  [(-F <file>)...] <tree>
+
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ While a tree represents a particular directory state of a working
 directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how
 to get there.
 
-Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while git
+Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git
 doesn't care where you save the note about that state, in practice we
 tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by
 `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see what the last committed
@@ -45,13 +47,21 @@ OPTIONS
 	Each '-p' indicates the id of a parent commit object.
 
 -m <message>::
-	A paragraph in the commig log message. This can be given more than
+	A paragraph in the commit log message. This can be given more than
 	once and each <message> becomes its own paragraph.
 
 -F <file>::
 	Read the commit log message from the given file. Use `-` to read
 	from the standard input.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commit.
+
+--no-gpg-sign::
+	Countermand `commit.gpgSign` configuration variable that is
+	set to force each and every commit to be signed.
+
 
 Commit Information
 ------------------
@@ -72,13 +82,13 @@ if set:
 	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
 	GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
 	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-	EMAIL
 
 (nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)
 
 In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information
 is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not
-present, system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
+present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set,
+system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken
 from `/etc/mailname` and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when
 that file does not exist).
 
@@ -88,15 +98,6 @@ for one to be entered and terminated with ^D.
 
 include::date-formats.txt[]
 
-Diagnostics
------------
-You don't exist. Go away!::
-    The passwd(5) gecos field couldn't be read
-Your parents must have hated you!::
-    The passwd(5) gecos field is longer than a giant static buffer.
-Your sysadmin must hate you!::
-    The passwd(5) name field is longer than a giant static buffer.
-
 Discussion
 ----------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
index 5cc84a1391..617e29b38b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-commit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-commit.txt
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	   [--dry-run] [(-c | -C | --fixup | --squash) <commit>]
 	   [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty]
 	   [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>]
-	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--status | --no-status]
-	   [-i | -o] [--] [<file>...]
+	   [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--[no-]status]
+	   [-i | -o] [-S[<key-id>]] [--] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
 3. by listing files as arguments to the 'commit' command, in which
    case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead
    record the current content of the listed files (which must already
-   be known to git);
+   be known to Git);
 
 4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically
    "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ The content to be added can be specified in several ways:
 
 5. by using the --interactive or --patch switches with the 'commit' command
    to decide one by one which files or hunks should be part of the commit,
-   before finalizing the operation. See the ``Interactive Mode`` section of
+   before finalizing the operation. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of
    linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate these modes.
 
 The `--dry-run` option can be used to obtain a
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --all::
 	Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
 	been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
-	told git about are not affected.
+	told Git about are not affected.
 
 -p::
 --patch::
@@ -101,12 +101,20 @@ OPTIONS
 	When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See
 	linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies `--dry-run`.
 
+--branch::
+	Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format.
+
 --porcelain::
 	When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready
 	format. See linkgit:git-status[1] for details. Implies
 	`--dry-run`.
 
+--long::
+	When doing a dry-run, give the output in a the long-format.
+	Implies `--dry-run`.
+
 -z::
+--null::
 	When showing `short` or `porcelain` status output, terminate
 	entries in the status output with NUL, instead of LF. If no
 	format is given, implies the `--porcelain` output format.
@@ -129,14 +137,19 @@ OPTIONS
 -m <msg>::
 --message=<msg>::
 	Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
+	If multiple `-m` options are given, their values are
+	concatenated as separate paragraphs.
 
 -t <file>::
 --template=<file>::
-	Use the contents of the given file as the initial version
-	of the commit message. The editor is invoked and you can
-	make subsequent changes. If a message is specified using
-	the `-m` or `-F` options, this option has no effect. This
-	overrides the `commit.template` configuration variable.
+	When editing the commit message, start the editor with the
+	contents in the given file.  The `commit.template` configuration
+	variable is often used to give this option implicitly to the
+	command.  This mechanism can be used by projects that want to
+	guide participants with some hints on what to write in the message
+	in what order.  If the user exits the editor without editing the
+	message, the commit is aborted.  This has no effect when a message
+	is given by other means, e.g. with the `-m` or `-F` options.
 
 -s::
 --signoff::
@@ -161,31 +174,54 @@ OPTIONS
        linkgit:git-commit-tree[1].
 
 --cleanup=<mode>::
-	This option sets how the commit message is cleaned up.
-	The  '<mode>' can be one of 'verbatim', 'whitespace', 'strip',
-	and 'default'. The 'default' mode will strip leading and
-	trailing empty lines and #commentary from the commit message
-	only if the message is to be edited. Otherwise only whitespace
-	removed. The 'verbatim' mode does not change message at all,
-	'whitespace' removes just leading/trailing whitespace lines
-	and 'strip' removes both whitespace and commentary.
+	This option determines how the supplied commit message should be
+	cleaned up before committing.  The '<mode>' can be `strip`,
+	`whitespace`, `verbatim`, `scissors` or `default`.
++
+--
+strip::
+	Strip leading and trailing empty lines, trailing whitespace, and
+	#commentary and collapse consecutive empty lines.
+whitespace::
+	Same as `strip` except #commentary is not removed.
+verbatim::
+	Do not change the message at all.
+scissors::
+	Same as `whitespace`, except that everything from (and
+	including) the line
+	"`# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------`"
+	is truncated if the message is to be edited. "`#`" can be
+	customized with core.commentChar.
+default::
+	Same as `strip` if the message is to be edited.
+	Otherwise `whitespace`.
+--
++
+The default can be changed by the 'commit.cleanup' configuration
+variable (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 -e::
 --edit::
 	The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
-	`-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
-	commit log message unmodified.  This option lets you
+	`-m`, and from commit object with `-C` are usually used as
+	the commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
 	further edit the message taken from these sources.
 
+--no-edit::
+	Use the selected commit message without launching an editor.
+	For example, `git commit --amend --no-edit` amends a commit
+	without changing its commit message.
+
 --amend::
-	Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
-	object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
-	(this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
-	commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the
-	tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the
-	current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of
-	the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is
-	discarded.
+	Replace the tip of the current branch by creating a new
+	commit. The recorded tree is prepared as usual (including
+	the effect of the `-i` and `-o` options and explicit
+	pathspec), and the message from the original commit is used
+	as the starting point, instead of an empty message, when no
+	other message is specified from the command line via options
+	such as `-m`, `-F`, `-c`, etc.  The new commit has the same
+	parents and author as the current one (the `--reset-author`
+	option can countermand this).
 +
 --
 It is a rough equivalent for:
@@ -202,6 +238,9 @@ You should understand the implications of rewriting history if you
 amend a commit that has already been published.  (See the "RECOVERING
 FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].)
 
+--no-post-rewrite::
+	Bypass the post-rewrite hook.
+
 -i::
 --include::
 	Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
@@ -211,9 +250,10 @@ FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1].)
 
 -o::
 --only::
-	Make a commit only from the paths specified on the
+	Make a commit by taking the updated working tree contents
+	of the paths specified on the
 	command line, disregarding any contents that have been
-	staged so far. This is the default mode of operation of
+	staged for other paths. This is the default mode of operation of
 	'git commit' if any paths are given on the command line,
 	in which case this option can be omitted.
 	If this option is specified together with '--amend', then
@@ -244,6 +284,10 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 	would be committed at the bottom of the commit message
 	template.  Note that this diff output doesn't have its
 	lines prefixed with '#'.
++
+If specified twice, show in addition the unified diff between
+what would be committed and the worktree files, i.e. the unstaged
+changes to tracked files.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
@@ -265,6 +309,14 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 	commit message template when using an editor to prepare the
 	default commit message.
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commit.
+
+--no-gpg-sign::
+	Countermand `commit.gpgSign` configuration variable that is
+	set to force each and every commit to be signed.
+
 \--::
 	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 
@@ -284,7 +336,7 @@ When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
 your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
 called the "index" with 'git add'.  A file can be
 reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree,
-to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD \-- <file>`,
+to that of the last commit with `git reset HEAD -- <file>`,
 which effectively reverts 'git add' and prevents the changes to
 this file from participating in the next commit.  After building
 the state to be committed incrementally with these commands,
@@ -378,8 +430,10 @@ DISCUSSION
 Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
 with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
 change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description.
-Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use the first line
-on the Subject: line and the rest of the commit in the body.
+The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated
+as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git.
+For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a commit into email, and it uses
+the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.
 
 include::i18n.txt[]
 
@@ -396,6 +450,15 @@ This command can run `commit-msg`, `prepare-commit-msg`, `pre-commit`,
 and `post-commit` hooks.  See linkgit:githooks[5] for more
 information.
 
+FILES
+-----
+
+`$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG`::
+	This file contains the commit message of a commit in progress.
+	If `git commit` exits due to an error before creating a commit,
+	any commit message that has been provided by the user (e.g., in
+	an editor session) will be available in this file, but will be
+	overwritten by the next invocation of `git commit`.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-config.txt b/Documentation/git-config.txt
index 81b03982e3..02ec096faa 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-config.txt
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-all name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-regexp name_regex [value_regex]
+'git config' [<file-option>] [type] [-z|--null] --get-urlmatch name URL
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --unset-all name [value_regex]
 'git config' [<file-option>] --rename-section old_name new_name
@@ -44,22 +45,26 @@ a "true" or "false" string for bool), or '--path', which does some
 path expansion (see '--path' below).  If no type specifier is passed, no
 checks or transformations are performed on the value.
 
-The file-option can be one of '--system', '--global' or '--file'
-which specify where the values will be read from or written to.
-The default is to assume the config file of the current repository,
-.git/config unless defined otherwise with GIT_DIR and GIT_CONFIG
-(see <<FILES>>).
+When reading, the values are read from the system, global and
+repository local configuration files by default, and options
+'--system', '--global', '--local' and '--file <filename>' can be
+used to tell the command to read from only that location (see <<FILES>>).
 
-This command will fail (with exit code ret) if:
+When writing, the new value is written to the repository local
+configuration file by default, and options '--system', '--global',
+'--file <filename>' can be used to tell the command to write to
+that location (you can say '--local' but that is the default).
+
+This command will fail with non-zero status upon error.  Some exit
+codes are:
 
 . The config file is invalid (ret=3),
 . can not write to the config file (ret=4),
 . no section or name was provided (ret=2),
 . the section or key is invalid (ret=1),
 . you try to unset an option which does not exist (ret=5),
-. you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match (ret=5),
-. you try to use an invalid regexp (ret=6), or
-. you use '--global' option without $HOME being properly set (ret=128).
+. you try to unset/set an option for which multiple lines match (ret=5), or
+. you try to use an invalid regexp (ret=6).
 
 On success, the command returns the exit code 0.
 
@@ -78,7 +83,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --get::
 	Get the value for a given key (optionally filtered by a regex
 	matching the value). Returns error code 1 if the key was not
-	found and error code 2 if multiple key values were found.
+	found and the last value if multiple key values were found.
 
 --get-all::
 	Like get, but does not fail if the number of values for the key
@@ -91,28 +96,55 @@ OPTIONS
 	in which section and variable names are lowercased, but subsection
 	names are not.
 
+--get-urlmatch name URL::
+	When given a two-part name section.key, the value for
+	section.<url>.key whose <url> part matches the best to the
+	given URL is returned (if no such key exists, the value for
+	section.key is used as a fallback).  When given just the
+	section as name, do so for all the keys in the section and
+	list them.
+
 --global::
-	For writing options: write to global ~/.gitconfig file rather than
-	the repository .git/config.
+	For writing options: write to global `~/.gitconfig` file
+	rather than the repository `.git/config`, write to
+	`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` file if this file exists and the
+	`~/.gitconfig` file doesn't.
 +
-For reading options: read only from global ~/.gitconfig rather than
-from all available files.
+For reading options: read only from global `~/.gitconfig` and from
+`$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config` rather than from all available files.
 +
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
 --system::
-	For writing options: write to system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig
-	rather than the repository .git/config.
+	For writing options: write to system-wide
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` rather than the repository
+	`.git/config`.
 +
-For reading options: read only from system-wide $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig
+For reading options: read only from system-wide `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig`
 rather than from all available files.
 +
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
+--local::
+	For writing options: write to the repository `.git/config` file.
+	This is	the default behavior.
++
+For reading options: read only from the repository `.git/config` rather than
+from all available files.
++
+See also <<FILES>>.
+
 -f config-file::
 --file config-file::
 	Use the given config file instead of the one specified by GIT_CONFIG.
 
+--blob blob::
+	Similar to '--file' but use the given blob instead of a file. E.g.
+	you can use 'master:.gitmodules' to read values from the file
+	'.gitmodules' in the master branch. See "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
+	section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for a more complete list of
+	ways to spell blob names.
+
 --remove-section::
 	Remove the given section from the configuration file.
 
@@ -181,8 +213,7 @@ See also <<FILES>>.
 	Opens an editor to modify the specified config file; either
 	'--system', '--global', or repository (default).
 
---includes::
---no-includes::
+--[no-]includes::
 	Respect `include.*` directives in config files when looking up
 	values. Defaults to on.
 
@@ -190,20 +221,26 @@ See also <<FILES>>.
 FILES
 -----
 
-If not set explicitly with '--file', there are three files where
+If not set explicitly with '--file', there are four files where
 'git config' will search for configuration options:
 
-$GIT_DIR/config::
-	Repository specific configuration file. (The filename is
-	of course relative to the repository root, not the working
-	directory.)
+$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
+	System-wide configuration file.
+
+$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/config::
+	Second user-specific configuration file. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not set
+	or empty, `$HOME/.config/git/config` will be used. Any single-valued
+	variable set in this file will be overwritten by whatever is in
+	`~/.gitconfig`.  It is a good idea not to create this file if
+	you sometimes use older versions of Git, as support for this
+	file was added fairly recently.
 
 ~/.gitconfig::
 	User-specific configuration file. Also called "global"
 	configuration file.
 
-$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig::
-	System-wide configuration file.
+$GIT_DIR/config::
+	Repository specific configuration file.
 
 If no further options are given, all reading options will read all of these
 files that are available. If the global or the system-wide configuration
@@ -211,11 +248,15 @@ file are not available they will be ignored. If the repository configuration
 file is not available or readable, 'git config' will exit with a non-zero
 error code. However, in neither case will an error message be issued.
 
+The files are read in the order given above, with last value found taking
+precedence over values read earlier.  When multiple values are taken then all
+values of a key from all files will be used.
+
 All writing options will per default write to the repository specific
 configuration file. Note that this also affects options like '--replace-all'
 and '--unset'. *'git config' will only ever change one file at a time*.
 
-You can override these rules either by command line options or by environment
+You can override these rules either by command-line options or by environment
 variables. The '--global' and the '--system' options will limit the file used
 to the global or system-wide file respectively. The GIT_CONFIG environment
 variable has a similar effect, but you can specify any filename you want.
@@ -229,6 +270,10 @@ GIT_CONFIG::
 	Using the "--global" option forces this to ~/.gitconfig. Using the
 	"--system" option forces this to $(prefix)/etc/gitconfig.
 
+GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM::
+	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+	$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig file. See linkgit:git[1] for details.
+
 See also <<FILES>>.
 
 
@@ -256,9 +301,16 @@ Given a .git/config like this:
 
 	; Proxy settings
 	[core]
-		gitproxy="proxy-command" for kernel.org
+		gitproxy=proxy-command for kernel.org
 		gitproxy=default-proxy ; for all the rest
 
+	; HTTP
+	[http]
+		sslVerify
+	[http "https://weak.example.com"]
+		sslVerify = false
+		cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt
+
 you can set the filemode to true with
 
 ------------
@@ -331,7 +383,7 @@ To actually match only values with an exclamation mark, you have to
 To add a new proxy, without altering any of the existing ones, use
 
 ------------
-% git config core.gitproxy '"proxy-command" for example.com'
+% git config --add core.gitproxy '"proxy-command" for example.com'
 ------------
 
 An example to use customized color from the configuration in your
@@ -344,6 +396,19 @@ RESET=$(git config --get-color "" "reset")
 echo "${WS}your whitespace color or blue reverse${RESET}"
 ------------
 
+For URLs in `https://weak.example.com`, `http.sslVerify` is set to
+false, while it is set to `true` for all others:
+
+------------
+% git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://good.example.com
+true
+% git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://weak.example.com
+false
+% git config --get-urlmatch http https://weak.example.com
+http.cookieFile /tmp/cookie.txt
+http.sslverify false
+------------
+
 include::config.txt[]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
index 23c80cea64..2ff35683e5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-count-objects.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-count-objects - Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git count-objects' [-v]
+'git count-objects' [-v] [-H | --human-readable]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -20,11 +20,29 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 -v::
 --verbose::
-	In addition to the number of loose objects and disk
-	space consumed, it reports the number of in-pack
-	objects, number of packs, disk space consumed by those packs,
-	and number of objects that can be removed by running
-	`git prune-packed`.
+	Report in more detail:
++
+count: the number of loose objects
++
+size: disk space consumed by loose objects, in KiB (unless -H is specified)
++
+in-pack: the number of in-pack objects
++
+size-pack: disk space consumed by the packs, in KiB (unless -H is specified)
++
+prune-packable: the number of loose objects that are also present in
+the packs. These objects could be pruned using `git prune-packed`.
++
+garbage: the number of files in object database that are neither valid loose
+objects nor valid packs
++
+size-garbage: disk space consumed by garbage files, in KiB (unless -H is
+specified)
+
+-H::
+--human-readable::
+
+Print sizes in human readable format
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt
index 11edc5a173..7051c6bdf8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache--daemon.txt
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ git-credential-cache--daemon(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-credential-cache--daemon - temporarily store user credentials in memory
+git-credential-cache--daemon - Temporarily store user credentials in memory
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-git credential-cache--daemon <socket>
+git credential-cache--daemon [--debug] <socket>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ for `git-credential-cache` clients. Clients may store and retrieve
 credentials. Each credential is held for a timeout specified by the
 client; once no credentials are held, the daemon exits.
 
+If the `--debug` option is specified, the daemon does not close its
+stderr stream, and may output extra diagnostics to it even after it has
+begun listening for clients.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
index f3d09c5d51..89b730632d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-cache.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-credential-cache(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-credential-cache - helper to temporarily store passwords in memory
+git-credential-cache - Helper to temporarily store passwords in memory
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ git config credential.helper 'cache [options]'
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This command caches credentials in memory for use by future git
+This command caches credentials in memory for use by future Git
 programs. The stored credentials never touch the disk, and are forgotten
 after a configurable timeout.  The cache is accessible over a Unix
 domain socket, restricted to the current user by filesystem permissions.
 
 You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to
-be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See
+be used as a credential helper by other parts of Git. See
 linkgit:gitcredentials[7] or `EXAMPLES` below.
 
 OPTIONS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
index 31093467d1..bc97071e76 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential-store.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-credential-store(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-credential-store - helper to store credentials on disk
+git-credential-store - Helper to store credentials on disk
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ security tradeoff, try linkgit:git-credential-cache[1], or find a helper
 that integrates with secure storage provided by your operating system.
 
 This command stores credentials indefinitely on disk for use by future
-git programs.
+Git programs.
 
 You probably don't want to invoke this command directly; it is meant to
 be used as a credential helper by other parts of git. See
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ linkgit:gitcredentials[7] or `EXAMPLES` below.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
---store=<path>::
+--file=<path>::
 
 	Use `<path>` to store credentials. The file will have its
 	filesystem permissions set to prevent other users on the system
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ stored on its own line as a URL like:
 https://user:pass@example.com
 ------------------------------
 
-When git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
+When Git needs authentication for a particular URL context,
 credential-store will consider that context a pattern to match against
 each entry in the credentials file.  If the protocol, hostname, and
 username (if we already have one) match, then the password is returned
-to git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
+to Git. See the discussion of configuration in linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
 for more information.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-credential.txt b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b211440373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-credential.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+git-credential(1)
+=================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-credential - Retrieve and store user credentials
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+------------------
+git credential <fill|approve|reject>
+------------------
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Git has an internal interface for storing and retrieving credentials
+from system-specific helpers, as well as prompting the user for
+usernames and passwords. The git-credential command exposes this
+interface to scripts which may want to retrieve, store, or prompt for
+credentials in the same manner as Git. The design of this scriptable
+interface models the internal C API; see
+link:technical/api-credentials.html[the Git credential API] for more
+background on the concepts.
+
+git-credential takes an "action" option on the command-line (one of
+`fill`, `approve`, or `reject`) and reads a credential description
+on stdin (see <<IOFMT,INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT>>).
+
+If the action is `fill`, git-credential will attempt to add "username"
+and "password" attributes to the description by reading config files,
+by contacting any configured credential helpers, or by prompting the
+user. The username and password attributes of the credential
+description are then printed to stdout together with the attributes
+already provided.
+
+If the action is `approve`, git-credential will send the description
+to any configured credential helpers, which may store the credential
+for later use.
+
+If the action is `reject`, git-credential will send the description to
+any configured credential helpers, which may erase any stored
+credential matching the description.
+
+If the action is `approve` or `reject`, no output should be emitted.
+
+TYPICAL USE OF GIT CREDENTIAL
+-----------------------------
+
+An application using git-credential will typically use `git
+credential` following these steps:
+
+  1. Generate a credential description based on the context.
++
+For example, if we want a password for
+`https://example.com/foo.git`, we might generate the following
+credential description (don't forget the blank line at the end; it
+tells `git credential` that the application finished feeding all the
+information it has):
+
+	 protocol=https
+	 host=example.com
+	 path=foo.git
+
+  2. Ask git-credential to give us a username and password for this
+     description. This is done by running `git credential fill`,
+     feeding the description from step (1) to its standard input. The complete
+     credential description (including the credential per se, i.e. the
+     login and password) will be produced on standard output, like:
+
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	username=bob
+	password=secr3t
++
+In most cases, this means the attributes given in the input will be
+repeated in the output, but Git may also modify the credential
+description, for example by removing the `path` attribute when the
+protocol is HTTP(s) and `credential.useHttpPath` is false.
++
+If the `git credential` knew about the password, this step may
+not have involved the user actually typing this password (the
+user may have typed a password to unlock the keychain instead,
+or no user interaction was done if the keychain was already
+unlocked) before it returned `password=secr3t`.
+
+  3. Use the credential (e.g., access the URL with the username and
+     password from step (2)), and see if it's accepted.
+
+  4. Report on the success or failure of the password. If the
+     credential allowed the operation to complete successfully, then
+     it can be marked with an "approve" action to tell `git
+     credential` to reuse it in its next invocation. If the credential
+     was rejected during the operation, use the "reject" action so
+     that `git credential` will ask for a new password in its next
+     invocation. In either case, `git credential` should be fed with
+     the credential description obtained from step (2) (which also
+     contain the ones provided in step (1)).
+
+[[IOFMT]]
+INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT
+-------------------
+
+`git credential` reads and/or writes (depending on the action used)
+credential information in its standard input/output. This information
+can correspond either to keys for which `git credential` will obtain
+the login/password information (e.g. host, protocol, path), or to the
+actual credential data to be obtained (login/password).
+
+The credential is split into a set of named attributes, with one
+attribute per line. Each attribute is
+specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign,
+followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`,
+newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL.
+In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting,
+and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
+attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.
+Git understands the following attributes:
+
+`protocol`::
+
+	The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g.,
+	`https`).
+
+`host`::
+
+	The remote hostname for a network credential.
+
+`path`::
+
+	The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for
+	accessing a remote https repository, this will be the
+	repository's path on the server.
+
+`username`::
+
+	The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a
+	URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper).
+
+`password`::
+
+	The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored.
+
+`url`::
+
+	When this special attribute is read by `git credential`, the
+	value is parsed as a URL and treated as if its constituent parts
+	were read (e.g., `url=https://example.com` would behave as if
+	`protocol=https` and `host=example.com` had been provided). This
+	can help callers avoid parsing URLs themselves.  Note that any
+	components which are missing from the URL (e.g., there is no
+	username in the example above) will be set to empty; if you want
+	to provide a URL and override some attributes, provide the URL
+	attribute first, followed by any overrides.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
index 7f79cec3f8..00154b6c85 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsexportcommit.txt
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Exports a commit from GIT to a CVS checkout, making it easier
-to merge patches from a git repository into a CVS repository.
+Exports a commit from Git to a CVS checkout, making it easier
+to merge patches from a Git repository into a CVS repository.
 
 Specify the name of a CVS checkout using the -w switch or execute it
 from the root of the CVS working copy. In the latter case GIT_DIR must
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -w::
 	Specify the location of the CVS checkout to use for the export. This
 	option does not require GIT_DIR to be set before execution if the
-	current directory is within a git repository.  The default is the
+	current directory is within a Git repository.  The default is the
 	value of 'cvsexportcommit.cvsdir'.
 
 -W::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
index 6695ab3b4b..00a0679a28 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsimport.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,13 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Imports a CVS repository into git. It will either create a new
+*WARNING:* `git cvsimport` uses cvsps version 2, which is considered
+deprecated; it does not work with cvsps version 3 and later.  If you are
+performing a one-shot import of a CVS repository consider using
+http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/cvs2git.html[cvs2git] or
+https://github.com/BartMassey/parsecvs[parsecvs].
+
+Imports a CVS repository into Git. It will either create a new
 repository, or incrementally import into an existing one.
 
 Splitting the CVS log into patch sets is done by 'cvsps'.
@@ -59,18 +65,18 @@ OPTIONS
 	`CVS/Repository`.
 
 -C <target-dir>::
-        The git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
+	The Git repository to import to.  If the directory doesn't
         exist, it will be created.  Default is the current directory.
 
 -r <remote>::
-	The git remote to import this CVS repository into.
+	The Git remote to import this CVS repository into.
 	Moves all CVS branches into remotes/<remote>/<branch>
 	akin to the way 'git clone' uses 'origin' by default.
 
 -o <branch-for-HEAD>::
 	When no remote is specified (via -r) the 'HEAD' branch
-	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the git
-	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for git.
+	from CVS is imported to the 'origin' branch within the Git
+	repository, as 'HEAD' already has a special meaning for Git.
 	When a remote is specified the 'HEAD' branch is named
 	remotes/<remote>/master mirroring 'git clone' behaviour.
 	Use this option if you want to import into a different
@@ -137,17 +143,19 @@ This option can be used several times to provide several detection regexes.
 -A <author-conv-file>::
 	CVS by default uses the Unix username when writing its
 	commit logs. Using this option and an author-conv-file
-	in this format
+	maps the name recorded in CVS to author name, e-mail and
+	optional time zone:
 +
 ---------
 	exon=Andreas Ericsson <ae@op5.se>
-	spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org>
+	spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org> America/Chicago
 
 ---------
 +
 'git cvsimport' will make it appear as those authors had
 their GIT_AUTHOR_NAME and GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL set properly
-all along.
+all along.  If a time zone is specified, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE will
+have the corresponding offset applied.
 +
 For convenience, this data is saved to `$GIT_DIR/cvs-authors`
 each time the '-A' option is provided and read from that same
@@ -211,11 +219,9 @@ Problems related to tags:
 * Multiple tags on the same revision are not imported.
 
 If you suspect that any of these issues may apply to the repository you
-want to import consider using these alternative tools which proved to be
-more stable in practice:
+want to import, consider using cvs2git:
 
-* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://cvs2svn.tigris.org`
-* parsecvs, `http://cgit.freedesktop.org/~keithp/parsecvs`
+* cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), `http://subversion.apache.org/`
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
index 827bc988ed..db4d7a917c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-cvsserver.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-cvsserver(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for git
+git-cvsserver - A CVS server emulator for Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ unless '--export-all' was given, too.
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This application is a CVS emulation layer for git.
+This application is a CVS emulation layer for Git.
 
 It is highly functional. However, not all methods are implemented,
 and for those methods that are implemented,
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ plugin. Most functionality works fine with both of these clients.
 LIMITATIONS
 -----------
 
-CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform GIT merges.
+CVS clients cannot tag, branch or perform Git merges.
 
-'git-cvsserver' maps GIT branches to CVS modules. This is very different
+'git-cvsserver' maps Git branches to CVS modules. This is very different
 from what most CVS users would expect since in CVS modules usually represent
 one or more directories.
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ to allow writes to, for example:
 	authdb = /etc/cvsserver/passwd
 
 ------
-The format of these files is username followed by the crypted password,
+The format of these files is username followed by the encrypted password,
 for example:
 
 ------
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ Then provide your password via the pserver method, for example:
 ------
    cvs -d:pserver:someuser:somepassword <at> server/path/repo.git co <HEAD_name>
 ------
-No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having GIT tools
+No special setup is needed for SSH access, other than having Git tools
 in the PATH. If you have clients that do not accept the CVS_SERVER
 environment variable, you can rename 'git-cvsserver' to `cvs`.
 
@@ -154,15 +154,15 @@ with CVS_SERVER (and shouldn't) as 'git-shell' understands `cvs` to mean
    [gitcvs]
         enabled=1
         # optional for debugging
-        logfile=/path/to/logfile
+	logFile=/path/to/logfile
 
 ------
 Note: you need to ensure each user that is going to invoke 'git-cvsserver' has
 write access to the log file and to the database (see
 <<dbbackend,Database Backend>>. If you want to offer write access over
-SSH, the users of course also need write access to the git repository itself.
+SSH, the users of course also need write access to the Git repository itself.
 
-You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a git index
+You also need to ensure that each repository is "bare" (without a Git index
 file) for `cvs commit` to work. See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
 
 [[configaccessmethod]]
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ allowing access over SSH.
 3. If you didn't specify the CVSROOT/CVS_SERVER directly in the checkout command,
    automatically saving it in your 'CVS/Root' files, then you need to set them
    explicitly in your environment.  CVSROOT should be set as per normal, but the
-   directory should point at the appropriate git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
+   directory should point at the appropriate Git repo.  As above, for SSH clients
    _not_ restricted to 'git-shell', CVS_SERVER should be set to 'git-cvsserver'.
 +
 --
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ allowing access over SSH.
    shell is bash, .bashrc may be a reasonable alternative.
 
 5. Clients should now be able to check out the project. Use the CVS 'module'
-   name to indicate what GIT 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
+   name to indicate what Git 'head' you want to check out.  This also sets the
    name of your newly checked-out directory, unless you tell it otherwise with
    `-d <dir_name>`.  For example, this checks out 'master' branch to the
    `project-master` directory:
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ allowing access over SSH.
 Database Backend
 ----------------
 
-'git-cvsserver' uses one database per git head (i.e. CVS module) to
+'git-cvsserver' uses one database per Git head (i.e. CVS module) to
 store information about the repository to maintain consistent
 CVS revision numbers. The database needs to be
 updated (i.e. written to) after every commit.
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ the pserver method), 'git-cvsserver' should have write access to
 the database to work reliably (otherwise you need to make sure
 that the database is up-to-date any time 'git-cvsserver' is executed).
 
-By default it uses SQLite databases in the git directory, named
+By default it uses SQLite databases in the Git directory, named
 `gitcvs.<module_name>.sqlite`. Note that the SQLite backend creates
 temporary files in the same directory as the database file on
 write so it might not be enough to grant the users using
@@ -252,16 +252,16 @@ Configuring database backend
 
 'git-cvsserver' uses the Perl DBI module. Please also read
 its documentation if changing these variables, especially
-about `DBI\->connect()`.
+about `DBI->connect()`.
 
-gitcvs.dbname::
+gitcvs.dbName::
 	Database name. The exact meaning depends on the
 	selected database driver, for SQLite this is a filename.
 	Supports variable substitution (see below). May
 	not contain semicolons (`;`).
 	Default: '%Ggitcvs.%m.sqlite'
 
-gitcvs.dbdriver::
+gitcvs.dbDriver::
 	Used DBI driver. You can specify any available driver
 	for this here, but it might not work. cvsserver is tested
 	with 'DBD::SQLite', reported to work with
@@ -271,12 +271,12 @@ gitcvs.dbdriver::
 	Default: 'SQLite'
 
 gitcvs.dbuser::
-	Database user. Only useful if setting `dbdriver`, since
+	Database user. Only useful if setting `dbDriver`, since
 	SQLite has no concept of database users. Supports variable
 	substitution (see below).
 
-gitcvs.dbpass::
-	Database password.  Only useful if setting `dbdriver`, since
+gitcvs.dbPass::
+	Database password.  Only useful if setting `dbDriver`, since
 	SQLite has no concept of database passwords.
 
 gitcvs.dbTableNamePrefix::
@@ -288,17 +288,17 @@ All variables can also be set per access method, see <<configaccessmethod,above>
 
 Variable substitution
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-In `dbdriver` and `dbuser` you can use the following variables:
+In `dbDriver` and `dbUser` you can use the following variables:
 
 %G::
-	git directory name
+	Git directory name
 %g::
-	git directory name, where all characters except for
+	Git directory name, where all characters except for
 	alpha-numeric ones, `.`, and `-` are replaced with
 	`_` (this should make it easier to use the directory
 	name in a filename if wanted)
 %m::
-	CVS module/git head name
+	CVS module/Git head name
 %a::
 	access method (one of "ext" or "pserver")
 %u::
@@ -359,6 +359,43 @@ Operations supported
 
 All the operations required for normal use are supported, including
 checkout, diff, status, update, log, add, remove, commit.
+
+Most CVS command arguments that read CVS tags or revision numbers
+(typically -r) work, and also support any git refspec
+(tag, branch, commit ID, etc).
+However, CVS revision numbers for non-default branches are not well
+emulated, and cvs log does not show tags or branches at
+all.  (Non-main-branch CVS revision numbers superficially resemble CVS
+revision numbers, but they actually encode a git commit ID directly,
+rather than represent the number of revisions since the branch point.)
+
+Note that there are two ways to checkout a particular branch.
+As described elsewhere on this page, the "module" parameter
+of cvs checkout is interpreted as a branch name, and it becomes
+the main branch.  It remains the main branch for a given sandbox
+even if you temporarily make another branch sticky with
+cvs update -r.  Alternatively, the -r argument can indicate
+some other branch to actually checkout, even though the module
+is still the "main" branch.  Tradeoffs (as currently
+implemented): Each new "module" creates a new database on disk with
+a history for the given module, and after the database is created,
+operations against that main branch are fast.  Or alternatively,
+-r doesn't take any extra disk space, but may be significantly slower for
+many operations, like cvs update.
+
+If you want to refer to a git refspec that has characters that are
+not allowed by CVS, you have two options.  First, it may just work
+to supply the git refspec directly to the appropriate CVS -r argument;
+some CVS clients don't seem to do much sanity checking of the argument.
+Second, if that fails, you can use a special character escape mechanism
+that only uses characters that are valid in CVS tags.  A sequence
+of 4 or 5 characters of the form (underscore (`"_"`), dash (`"-"`),
+one or two characters, and dash (`"-"`)) can encode various characters based
+on the one or two letters: `"s"` for slash (`"/"`), `"p"` for
+period (`"."`), `"u"` for underscore (`"_"`), or two hexadecimal digits
+for any byte value at all (typically an ASCII number, or perhaps a part
+of a UTF-8 encoded character).
+
 Legacy monitoring operations are not supported (edit, watch and related).
 Exports and tagging (tags and branches) are not supported at this stage.
 
@@ -376,16 +413,16 @@ about end-of-line conversion.
 
 Alternatively, if `gitcvs.usecrlfattr` config is not enabled
 or the attributes do not allow automatic detection for a filename, then
-the server uses the `gitcvs.allbinary` config for the default setting.
-If `gitcvs.allbinary` is set, then file not otherwise
+the server uses the `gitcvs.allBinary` config for the default setting.
+If `gitcvs.allBinary` is set, then file not otherwise
 specified will default to '-kb' mode. Otherwise the '-k' mode
-is left blank. But if `gitcvs.allbinary` is set to "guess", then
+is left blank. But if `gitcvs.allBinary` is set to "guess", then
 the correct '-k' mode will be guessed based on the contents of
 the file.
 
 For best consistency with 'cvs', it is probably best to override the
 defaults by setting `gitcvs.usecrlfattr` to true,
-and `gitcvs.allbinary` to "guess".
+and `gitcvs.allBinary` to "guess".
 
 Dependencies
 ------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
index 31b28fc29f..a69b3616ec 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-daemon.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-daemon(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-daemon - A really simple server for git repositories
+git-daemon - A really simple server for Git repositories
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -16,17 +16,20 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	     [--reuseaddr] [--detach] [--pid-file=<file>]
 	     [--enable=<service>] [--disable=<service>]
 	     [--allow-override=<service>] [--forbid-override=<service>]
-	     [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]
+	     [--access-hook=<path>] [--[no-]informative-errors]
+	     [--inetd |
+	      [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>]
+	      [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]]
 	     [<directory>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-A really simple TCP git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
+A really simple TCP Git daemon that normally listens on port "DEFAULT_GIT_PORT"
 aka 9418.  It waits for a connection asking for a service, and will serve
 that service if it is enabled.
 
 It verifies that the directory has the magic file "git-daemon-export-ok", and
-it will refuse to export any git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
+it will refuse to export any Git directory that hasn't explicitly been marked
 for export this way (unless the '--export-all' parameter is specified). If you
 pass some directory paths as 'git daemon' arguments, you can further restrict
 the offers to a whitelist comprising of those.
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ By default, only `upload-pack` service is enabled, which serves
 from 'git fetch', 'git pull', and 'git clone'.
 
 This is ideally suited for read-only updates, i.e., pulling from
-git repositories.
+Git repositories.
 
 An `upload-archive` also exists to serve 'git archive'.
 
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --base-path=<path>::
 	Remap all the path requests as relative to the given path.
-	This is sort of "GIT root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
+	This is sort of "Git root" - if you run 'git daemon' with
 	'--base-path=/srv/git' on example.com, then if you later try to pull
 	'git://example.com/hello.git', 'git daemon' will interpret the path
 	as '/srv/git/hello.git'.
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	whitelist.
 
 --export-all::
-	Allow pulling from all directories that look like GIT repositories
+	Allow pulling from all directories that look like Git repositories
 	(have the 'objects' and 'refs' subdirectories), even if they
 	do not have the 'git-daemon-export-ok' file.
 
@@ -146,6 +149,13 @@ OPTIONS
 Giving these options is an error when used with `--inetd`; use
 the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
 'git daemon' if needed.
++
+Like many programs that switch user id, the daemon does not reset
+environment variables such as `$HOME` when it runs git programs,
+e.g. `upload-pack` and `receive-pack`. When using this option, you
+may also want to set and export `HOME` to point at the home
+directory of `<user>` before starting the daemon, and make sure any
+Git configuration files in that directory are readable by `<user>`.
 
 --enable=<service>::
 --disable=<service>::
@@ -159,10 +169,9 @@ the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
 --forbid-override=<service>::
 	Allow/forbid overriding the site-wide default with per
 	repository configuration.  By default, all the services
-	are overridable.
+	may be overridden.
 
---informative-errors::
---no-informative-errors::
+--[no-]informative-errors::
 	When informative errors are turned on, git-daemon will report
 	more verbose errors to the client, differentiating conditions
 	like "no such repository" from "repository not exported". This
@@ -171,6 +180,21 @@ the facility of inet daemon to achieve the same before spawning
 	errors are not enabled, all errors report "access denied" to the
 	client. The default is --no-informative-errors.
 
+--access-hook=<path>::
+	Every time a client connects, first run an external command
+	specified by the <path> with service name (e.g. "upload-pack"),
+	path to the repository, hostname (%H), canonical hostname
+	(%CH), IP address (%IP), and TCP port (%P) as its command-line
+	arguments. The external command can decide to decline the
+	service by exiting with a non-zero status (or to allow it by
+	exiting with a zero status).  It can also look at the $REMOTE_ADDR
+	and $REMOTE_PORT environment variables to learn about the
+	requestor when making this decision.
++
+The external command can optionally write a single line to its
+standard output to be sent to the requestor as an error message when
+it declines the service.
+
 <directory>::
 	A directory to add to the whitelist of allowed directories. Unless
 	--strict-paths is specified this will also include subdirectories
@@ -180,7 +204,7 @@ SERVICES
 --------
 
 These services can be globally enabled/disabled using the
-command line options of this command.  If a finer-grained
+command-line options of this command.  If finer-grained
 control is desired (e.g. to allow 'git archive' to be run
 against only in a few selected repositories the daemon serves),
 the per-repository configuration file can be used to enable or
@@ -204,7 +228,7 @@ receive-pack::
 	can push anything into the repository, including removal
 	of refs).  This is solely meant for a closed LAN setting
 	where everybody is friendly.  This service can be
-	enabled by `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to
+	enabled by setting `daemon.receivepack` configuration item to
 	`true`.
 
 EXAMPLES
diff --git a/Documentation/git-describe.txt b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
index 039cce2e98..d20ca402a1 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-describe.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-describe.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-describe - Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <committish>...
+'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] <commit-ish>...
 'git describe' [--all] [--tags] [--contains] [--abbrev=<n>] --dirty[=<mark>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ see the -a and -s options to linkgit:git-tag[1].
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<committish>...::
-	Committish object names to describe.
+<commit-ish>...::
+	Commit-ish object names to describe.
 
 --dirty[=<mark>]::
 	Describe the working tree.
@@ -36,12 +36,12 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --all::
 	Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any ref
-	found in `.git/refs/`.  This option enables matching
+	found in `refs/` namespace.  This option enables matching
 	any known branch, remote-tracking branch, or lightweight tag.
 
 --tags::
 	Instead of using only the annotated tags, use any tag
-	found in `.git/refs/tags`.  This option enables matching
+	found in `refs/tags` namespace.  This option enables matching
 	a lightweight (non-annotated) tag.
 
 --contains::
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --candidates=<n>::
 	Instead of considering only the 10 most recent tags as
-	candidates to describe the input committish consider
+	candidates to describe the input commit-ish consider
 	up to <n> candidates.  Increasing <n> above 10 will take
 	slightly longer but may produce a more accurate result.
 	An <n> of 0 will cause only exact matches to be output.
@@ -81,12 +81,18 @@ OPTIONS
 	that points at object deadbee....).
 
 --match <pattern>::
-	Only consider tags matching the given pattern (can be used to avoid
-	leaking private tags made from the repository).
+	Only consider tags matching the given `glob(7)` pattern,
+	excluding the "refs/tags/" prefix.  This can be used to avoid
+	leaking private tags from the repository.
 
 --always::
 	Show uniquely abbreviated commit object as fallback.
 
+--first-parent::
+	Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge commit.
+	This is useful when you wish to not match tags on branches merged
+	in the history of the target commit.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
@@ -131,7 +137,7 @@ closest tagname without any suffix:
 
 Note that the suffix you get if you type these commands today may be
 longer than what Linus saw above when he ran these commands, as your
-git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
+Git repository may have new commits whose object names begin with
 975b that did not exist back then, and "-g975b" suffix alone may not
 be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
 
@@ -139,7 +145,7 @@ be sufficient to disambiguate these commits.
 SEARCH STRATEGY
 ---------------
 
-For each committish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
+For each commit-ish supplied, 'git describe' will first look for
 a tag which tags exactly that commit.  Annotated tags will always
 be preferred over lightweight tags, and tags with newer dates will
 always be preferred over tags with older dates.  If an exact match
@@ -148,10 +154,12 @@ is found, its name will be output and searching will stop.
 If an exact match was not found, 'git describe' will walk back
 through the commit history to locate an ancestor commit which
 has been tagged.  The ancestor's tag will be output along with an
-abbreviation of the input committish's SHA1.
+abbreviation of the input commit-ish's SHA-1. If '--first-parent' was
+specified then the walk will only consider the first parent of each
+commit.
 
 If multiple tags were found during the walk then the tag which
-has the fewest commits different from the input committish will be
+has the fewest commits different from the input commit-ish will be
 selected and output.  Here fewest commits different is defined as
 the number of commits which would be shown by `git log tag..input`
 will be the smallest number of commits possible.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
index c0b7c581ad..a86cf62e68 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff-index.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-diff-index(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-diff-index - Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and repository
+git-diff-index - Compare a tree to the working tree or index
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via a tree
-object with the content of the current index and, optionally
-ignoring the stat state of the file on disk.  When paths are
-specified, compares only those named paths.  Otherwise all
-entries in the index are compared.
+Compares the content and mode of the blobs found in a tree object
+with the corresponding tracked files in the working tree, or with the
+corresponding paths in the index.  When <path> arguments are present,
+compares only paths matching those patterns.  Otherwise all tracked
+files are compared.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-diff.txt b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
index f8d0819113..bbab35fcaf 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-diff.txt
@@ -12,25 +12,31 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git diff' [options] [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]
 'git diff' [options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...]
+'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>
 'git diff' [options] [--no-index] [--] <path> <path>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Show changes between the working tree and the index or a tree, changes
-between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, or changes
-between two files on disk.
+between the index and a tree, changes between two trees, changes between
+two blob objects, or changes between two files on disk.
 
 'git diff' [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
 
 	This form is to view the changes you made relative to
 	the index (staging area for the next commit).  In other
-	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell git to
+	words, the differences are what you _could_ tell Git to
 	further add to the index but you still haven't.  You can
 	stage these changes by using linkgit:git-add[1].
-+
-If exactly two paths are given and at least one points outside
-the current repository, 'git diff' will compare the two files /
-directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index.
+
+'git diff' --no-index [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
+
+	This form is to compare the given two paths on the
+	filesystem.  You can omit the `--no-index` option when
+	running the command in a working tree controlled by Git and
+	at least one of the paths points outside the working tree,
+	or when running the command outside a working tree
+	controlled by Git.
 
 'git diff' [--options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]::
 
@@ -38,7 +44,7 @@ directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index.
 	commit relative to the named <commit>.  Typically you
 	would want comparison with the latest commit, so if you
 	do not give <commit>, it defaults to HEAD.
-	If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborned branches) and
+	If HEAD does not exist (e.g. unborn branches) and
 	<commit> is not given, it shows all staged changes.
 	--staged is a synonym of --cached.
 
@@ -72,8 +78,7 @@ directories. This behavior can be forced by --no-index.
 Just in case if you are doing something exotic, it should be
 noted that all of the <commit> in the above description, except
 in the last two forms that use ".." notations, can be any
-<tree>.  The third form ('git diff <commit> <commit>') can also
-be used to compare two <blob> objects.
+<tree>.
 
 For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
@@ -82,6 +87,11 @@ and the range notations ("<commit>..<commit>" and
 "<commit>\...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the
 "SPECIFYING RANGES" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 
+'git diff' [options] <blob> <blob>::
+
+	This form is to view the differences between the raw
+	contents of two blob objects.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 :git-diff: 1
@@ -148,8 +158,8 @@ $ git diff --name-status                <2>
 $ git diff arch/i386 include/asm-i386   <3>
 ------------
 +
-<1> Show only modification, rename and copy, but not addition
-nor deletion.
+<1> Show only modification, rename, and copy, but not addition
+or deletion.
 <2> Show only names and the nature of change, but not actual
 diff output.
 <3> Limit diff output to named subtrees.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
index 19d473c070..333cf6ff91 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-difftool.txt
@@ -12,13 +12,19 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-'git difftool' is a git command that allows you to compare and edit files
+'git difftool' is a Git command that allows you to compare and edit files
 between revisions using common diff tools.  'git difftool' is a frontend
 to 'git diff' and accepts the same options and arguments. See
 linkgit:git-diff[1].
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+-d::
+--dir-diff::
+	Copy the modified files to a temporary location and perform
+	a directory diff on them. This mode never prompts before
+	launching the diff tool.
+
 -y::
 --no-prompt::
 	Do not prompt before launching a diff tool.
@@ -30,10 +36,9 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -t <tool>::
 --tool=<tool>::
-	Use the diff tool specified by <tool>.
-	Valid diff tools are:
-	araxis, bc3, diffuse, emerge, ecmerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3,
-	kompare, meld, opendiff, p4merge, tkdiff, vimdiff and xxdiff.
+	Use the diff tool specified by <tool>.  Valid values include
+	emerge, kompare, meld, and vimdiff. Run `git difftool --tool-help`
+	for the list of valid <tool> settings.
 +
 If a diff tool is not specified, 'git difftool'
 will use the configuration variable `diff.tool`.  If the
@@ -61,6 +66,18 @@ of the diff post-image.  `$MERGED` is the name of the file which is
 being compared. `$BASE` is provided for compatibility
 with custom merge tool commands and has the same value as `$MERGED`.
 
+--tool-help::
+	Print a list of diff tools that may be used with `--tool`.
+
+--[no-]symlinks::
+	'git difftool''s default behavior is create symlinks to the
+	working tree when run in `--dir-diff` mode and the right-hand
+	side of the comparison yields the same content as the file in
+	the working tree.
++
+Specifying `--no-symlinks` instructs 'git difftool' to create copies
+instead.  `--no-symlinks` is the default on Windows.
+
 -x <command>::
 --extcmd=<command>::
 	Specify a custom command for viewing diffs.
@@ -74,6 +91,15 @@ with custom merge tool commands and has the same value as `$MERGED`.
 	the default diff tool will be read from the configured
 	`diff.guitool` variable instead of `diff.tool`.
 
+--[no-]trust-exit-code::
+	'git-difftool' invokes a diff tool individually on each file.
+	Errors reported by the diff tool are ignored by default.
+	Use `--trust-exit-code` to make 'git-difftool' exit when an
+	invoked diff tool returns a non-zero exit code.
++
+'git-difftool' will forward the exit code of the invoked tool when
+'--trust-exit-code' is used.
+
 See linkgit:git-diff[1] for the full list of supported options.
 
 CONFIG VARIABLES
@@ -99,6 +125,11 @@ See the `--tool=<tool>` option above for more details.
 difftool.prompt::
 	Prompt before each invocation of the diff tool.
 
+difftool.trustExitCode::
+	Exit difftool if the invoked diff tool returns a non-zero exit status.
++
+See the `--trust-exit-code` option above for more details.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-diff[1]::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
index f37eada63a..929e496af8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-export.txt
@@ -27,15 +27,17 @@ OPTIONS
 	Insert 'progress' statements every <n> objects, to be shown by
 	'git fast-import' during import.
 
---signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|strip|abort)::
+--signed-tags=(verbatim|warn|warn-strip|strip|abort)::
 	Specify how to handle signed tags.  Since any transformation
 	after the export can change the tag names (which can also happen
 	when excluding revisions) the signatures will not match.
 +
 When asking to 'abort' (which is the default), this program will die
-when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will be made
-unsigned, with 'verbatim', they will be silently exported
-and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a warning.
+when encountering a signed tag.  With 'strip', the tags will silently
+be made unsigned, with 'warn-strip' they will be made unsigned but a
+warning will be displayed, with 'verbatim', they will be silently
+exported and with 'warn', they will be exported, but you will see a
+warning.
 
 --tag-of-filtered-object=(abort|drop|rewrite)::
 	Specify how to handle tags whose tagged object is filtered out.
@@ -66,6 +68,8 @@ produced incorrect results if you gave these options.
 	incremental runs.  As <file> is only opened and truncated
 	at completion, the same path can also be safely given to
 	\--import-marks.
+	The file will not be written if no new object has been
+	marked/exported.
 
 --import-marks=<file>::
 	Before processing any input, load the marks specified in
@@ -101,12 +105,21 @@ marks the same across runs.
 	in the commit (as opposed to just listing the files which are
 	different from the commit's first parent).
 
+--anonymize::
+	Anonymize the contents of the repository while still retaining
+	the shape of the history and stored tree.  See the section on
+	`ANONYMIZING` below.
+
+--refspec::
+	Apply the specified refspec to each ref exported. Multiple of them can
+	be specified.
+
 [<git-rev-list-args>...]::
-       A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
-       'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
-       to export.  For example, `master{tilde}10..master` causes the
-       current master reference to be exported along with all objects
-       added since its 10th ancestor commit.
+	A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
+	'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
+	to export.  For example, `master~10..master` causes the
+	current master reference to be exported along with all objects
+	added since its 10th ancestor commit.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
@@ -133,13 +146,73 @@ referenced by that revision range contains the string
 'refs/heads/master'.
 
 
+ANONYMIZING
+-----------
+
+If the `--anonymize` option is given, git will attempt to remove all
+identifying information from the repository while still retaining enough
+of the original tree and history patterns to reproduce some bugs. The
+goal is that a git bug which is found on a private repository will
+persist in the anonymized repository, and the latter can be shared with
+git developers to help solve the bug.
+
+With this option, git will replace all refnames, paths, blob contents,
+commit and tag messages, names, and email addresses in the output with
+anonymized data.  Two instances of the same string will be replaced
+equivalently (e.g., two commits with the same author will have the same
+anonymized author in the output, but bear no resemblance to the original
+author string). The relationship between commits, branches, and tags is
+retained, as well as the commit timestamps (but the commit messages and
+refnames bear no resemblance to the originals). The relative makeup of
+the tree is retained (e.g., if you have a root tree with 10 files and 3
+trees, so will the output), but their names and the contents of the
+files will be replaced.
+
+If you think you have found a git bug, you can start by exporting an
+anonymized stream of the whole repository:
+
+---------------------------------------------------
+$ git fast-export --anonymize --all >anon-stream
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+Then confirm that the bug persists in a repository created from that
+stream (many bugs will not, as they really do depend on the exact
+repository contents):
+
+---------------------------------------------------
+$ git init anon-repo
+$ cd anon-repo
+$ git fast-import <../anon-stream
+$ ... test your bug ...
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+If the anonymized repository shows the bug, it may be worth sharing
+`anon-stream` along with a regular bug report. Note that the anonymized
+stream compresses very well, so gzipping it is encouraged. If you want
+to examine the stream to see that it does not contain any private data,
+you can peruse it directly before sending. You may also want to try:
+
+---------------------------------------------------
+$ perl -pe 's/\d+/X/g' <anon-stream | sort -u | less
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+which shows all of the unique lines (with numbers converted to "X", to
+collapse "User 0", "User 1", etc into "User X"). This produces a much
+smaller output, and it is usually easy to quickly confirm that there is
+no private data in the stream.
+
+
 Limitations
 -----------
 
 Since 'git fast-import' cannot tag trees, you will not be
-able to export the linux-2.6.git repository completely, as it contains
+able to export the linux.git repository completely, as it contains
 a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.
 
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-fast-import[1]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
index ec6ef31197..690fed3ea4 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fast-import.txt
@@ -33,34 +33,46 @@ the frontend program in use.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
---date-format=<fmt>::
-	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
-	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
-	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
-	are supported, and their syntax.
 
 --force::
 	Force updating modified existing branches, even if doing
 	so would cause commits to be lost (as the new commit does
 	not contain the old commit).
 
---max-pack-size=<n>::
-	Maximum size of each output packfile.
-	The default is unlimited.
+--quiet::
+	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
+	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
+	\--stats.
 
---big-file-threshold=<n>::
-	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
-	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
-	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
-	with constrained memory.
+--stats::
+	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
+	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
+	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
+	is currently the default, but can be disabled with \--quiet.
 
---depth=<n>::
-	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
-	Default is 10.
+Options for Frontends
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---active-branches=<n>::
-	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
-	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
+--cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
+	Write responses to `cat-blob` and `ls` queries to the
+	file descriptor <fd> instead of `stdout`.  Allows `progress`
+	output intended for the end-user to be separated from other
+	output.
+
+--date-format=<fmt>::
+	Specify the type of dates the frontend will supply to
+	fast-import within `author`, `committer` and `tagger` commands.
+	See ``Date Formats'' below for details about which formats
+	are supported, and their syntax.
+
+--done::
+	Terminate with error if there is no `done` command at the end of
+	the stream.  This option might be useful for detecting errors
+	that cause the frontend to terminate before it has started to
+	write a stream.
+
+Locations of Marks Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --export-marks=<file>::
 	Dumps the internal marks table to <file> when complete.
@@ -83,30 +95,33 @@ OPTIONS
 	Like --import-marks but instead of erroring out, silently
 	skips the file if it does not exist.
 
---relative-marks::
+--[no-]relative-marks::
 	After specifying --relative-marks the paths specified
 	with --import-marks= and --export-marks= are relative
 	to an internal directory in the current repository.
 	In git-fast-import this means that the paths are relative
 	to the .git/info/fast-import directory. However, other
 	importers may use a different location.
++
+Relative and non-relative marks may be combined by interweaving
+--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks= options.
 
---no-relative-marks::
-	Negates a previous --relative-marks. Allows for combining
-	relative and non-relative marks by interweaving
-	--(no-)-relative-marks with the --(import|export)-marks=
-	options.
+Performance and Compression Tuning
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---cat-blob-fd=<fd>::
-	Specify the file descriptor that will be written to
-	when the `cat-blob` command is encountered in the stream.
-	The default behaviour is to write to `stdout`.
+--active-branches=<n>::
+	Maximum number of branches to maintain active at once.
+	See ``Memory Utilization'' below for details.  Default is 5.
 
---done::
-	Require a `done` command at the end of the stream.
-	This option might be useful for detecting errors that
-	cause the frontend to terminate before it has started to
-	write a stream.
+--big-file-threshold=<n>::
+	Maximum size of a blob that fast-import will attempt to
+	create a delta for, expressed in bytes.  The default is 512m
+	(512 MiB).  Some importers may wish to lower this on systems
+	with constrained memory.
+
+--depth=<n>::
+	Maximum delta depth, for blob and tree deltification.
+	Default is 10.
 
 --export-pack-edges=<file>::
 	After creating a packfile, print a line of data to
@@ -117,16 +132,9 @@ OPTIONS
 	as these commits can be used as edge points during calls
 	to 'git pack-objects'.
 
---quiet::
-	Disable all non-fatal output, making fast-import silent when it
-	is successful.  This option disables the output shown by
-	\--stats.
-
---stats::
-	Display some basic statistics about the objects fast-import has
-	created, the packfiles they were stored into, and the
-	memory used by fast-import during this run.  Showing this output
-	is currently the default, but can be disabled with \--quiet.
+--max-pack-size=<n>::
+	Maximum size of each output packfile.
+	The default is unlimited.
 
 
 Performance
@@ -223,7 +231,7 @@ Date Formats
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The following date formats are supported.  A frontend should select
 the format it will use for this import by passing the format name
-in the \--date-format=<fmt> command line option.
+in the \--date-format=<fmt> command-line option.
 
 `raw`::
 	This is the Git native format and is `<time> SP <offutc>`.
@@ -243,7 +251,7 @@ advisement to help formatting routines display the timestamp.
 If the local offset is not available in the source material, use
 ``+0000'', or the most common local offset.  For example many
 organizations have a CVS repository which has only ever been accessed
-by users who are located in the same location and timezone.  In this
+by users who are located in the same location and time zone.  In this
 case a reasonable offset from UTC could be assumed.
 +
 Unlike the `rfc2822` format, this format is very strict.  Any
@@ -263,7 +271,7 @@ the malformed string.  There are also some types of malformed
 strings which Git will parse wrong, and yet consider valid.
 Seriously malformed strings will be rejected.
 +
-Unlike the `raw` format above, the timezone/UTC offset information
+Unlike the `raw` format above, the time zone/UTC offset information
 contained in an RFC 2822 date string is used to adjust the date
 value to UTC prior to storage.  Therefore it is important that
 this information be as accurate as possible.
@@ -279,13 +287,13 @@ format, or its format is easily convertible to it, as there is no
 ambiguity in parsing.
 
 `now`::
-	Always use the current time and timezone.  The literal
+	Always use the current time and time zone.  The literal
 	`now` must always be supplied for `<when>`.
 +
-This is a toy format.  The current time and timezone of this system
+This is a toy format.  The current time and time zone of this system
 is always copied into the identity string at the time it is being
 created by fast-import.  There is no way to specify a different time or
-timezone.
+time zone.
 +
 This particular format is supplied as it's short to implement and
 may be useful to a process that wants to create a new commit
@@ -340,7 +348,7 @@ and control the current import process.  More detailed discussion
 `done`::
 	Marks the end of the stream. This command is optional
 	unless the `done` feature was requested using the
-	`--done` command line option or `feature done` command.
+	`--done` command-line option or `feature done` command.
 
 `cat-blob`::
 	Causes fast-import to print a blob in 'cat-file --batch'
@@ -353,8 +361,8 @@ and control the current import process.  More detailed discussion
 	`--cat-blob-fd` or `stdout` if unspecified.
 
 `feature`::
-	Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or
-	abort if it does not.
+	Enable the specified feature. This requires that fast-import
+	supports the specified feature, and aborts if it does not.
 
 `option`::
 	Specify any of the options listed under OPTIONS that do not
@@ -372,8 +380,8 @@ change to the project.
 	('author' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF)?
 	'committer' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
 	data
-	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
-	('merge' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
+	('merge' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
 	(filemodify | filedelete | filecopy | filerename | filedeleteall | notemodify)*
 	LF?
 ....
@@ -422,14 +430,14 @@ they made it.
 
 Here `<name>` is the person's display name (for example
 ``Com M Itter'') and `<email>` is the person's email address
-(``cm@example.com'').  `LT` and `GT` are the literal less-than (\x3c)
+(``\cm@example.com'').  `LT` and `GT` are the literal less-than (\x3c)
 and greater-than (\x3e) symbols.  These are required to delimit
 the email address from the other fields in the line.  Note that
 `<name>` and `<email>` are free-form and may contain any sequence
 of bytes, except `LT`, `GT` and `LF`.  `<name>` is typically UTF-8 encoded.
 
 The time of the change is specified by `<when>` using the date format
-that was selected by the \--date-format=<fmt> command line option.
+that was selected by the \--date-format=<fmt> command-line option.
 See ``Date Formats'' above for the set of supported formats, and
 their syntax.
 
@@ -437,7 +445,9 @@ their syntax.
 ^^^^^^
 The `from` command is used to specify the commit to initialize
 this branch from.  This revision will be the first ancestor of the
-new commit.
+new commit.  The state of the tree built at this commit will begin
+with the state at the `from` commit, and be altered by the content
+modifications in this commit.
 
 Omitting the `from` command in the first commit of a new branch
 will cause fast-import to create that commit with no ancestor. This
@@ -450,9 +460,9 @@ as the current commit on that branch is automatically assumed to
 be the first ancestor of the new commit.
 
 As `LF` is not valid in a Git refname or SHA-1 expression, no
-quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<committish>`.
+quoting or escaping syntax is supported within `<commit-ish>`.
 
-Here `<committish>` is any of the following:
+Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the following:
 
 * The name of an existing branch already in fast-import's internal branch
   table.  If fast-import doesn't know the name, it's treated as a SHA-1
@@ -473,31 +483,32 @@ Marks must be declared (via `mark`) before they can be used.
 * Any valid Git SHA-1 expression that resolves to a commit.  See
   ``SPECIFYING REVISIONS'' in linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for details.
 
+* The special null SHA-1 (40 zeros) specifies that the branch is to be
+  removed.
+
 The special case of restarting an incremental import from the
 current branch value should be written as:
 ----
 	from refs/heads/branch^0
 ----
-The `{caret}0` suffix is necessary as fast-import does not permit a branch to
+The `^0` suffix is necessary as fast-import does not permit a branch to
 start from itself, and the branch is created in memory before the
-`from` command is even read from the input.  Adding `{caret}0` will force
+`from` command is even read from the input.  Adding `^0` will force
 fast-import to resolve the commit through Git's revision parsing library,
 rather than its internal branch table, thereby loading in the
 existing value of the branch.
 
 `merge`
 ^^^^^^^
-Includes one additional ancestor commit.  If the `from` command is
+Includes one additional ancestor commit.  The additional ancestry
+link does not change the way the tree state is built at this commit.
+If the `from` command is
 omitted when creating a new branch, the first `merge` commit will be
 the first ancestor of the current commit, and the branch will start
 out with no files.  An unlimited number of `merge` commands per
 commit are permitted by fast-import, thereby establishing an n-way merge.
-However Git's other tools never create commits with more than 15
-additional ancestors (forming a 16-way merge).  For this reason
-it is suggested that frontends do not use more than 15 `merge`
-commands per commit; 16, if starting a new, empty branch.
 
-Here `<committish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
+Here `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification expressions
 also accepted by `from` (see above).
 
 `filemodify`
@@ -553,8 +564,12 @@ A `<path>` string must use UNIX-style directory separators (forward
 slash `/`), may contain any byte other than `LF`, and must not
 start with double quote (`"`).
 
-If an `LF` or double quote must be encoded into `<path>` shell-style
-quoting should be used, e.g. `"path/with\n and \" in it"`.
+A path can use C-style string quoting; this is accepted in all cases
+and mandatory if the filename starts with double quote or contains
+`LF`. In C-style quoting, the complete name should be surrounded with
+double quotes, and any `LF`, backslash, or double quote characters
+must be escaped by preceding them with a backslash (e.g.,
+`"path/with\n, \\ and \" in it"`).
 
 The value of `<path>` must be in canonical form. That is it must not:
 
@@ -661,8 +676,8 @@ paths for a commit are encouraged to do so.
 `notemodify`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 Included in a `commit` `<notes_ref>` command to add a new note
-annotating a `<committish>` or change this annotation contents.
-Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<committish>`
+annotating a `<commit-ish>` or change this annotation contents.
+Internally it is similar to filemodify 100644 on `<commit-ish>`
 path (maybe split into subdirectories). It's not advised to
 use any other commands to write to the `<notes_ref>` tree except
 `filedeleteall` to delete all existing notes in this tree.
@@ -675,7 +690,7 @@ External data format::
 	commit that is to be annotated.
 +
 ....
-	'N' SP <dataref> SP <committish> LF
+	'N' SP <dataref> SP <commit-ish> LF
 ....
 +
 Here `<dataref>` can be either a mark reference (`:<idnum>`)
@@ -688,13 +703,13 @@ Inline data format::
 	command.
 +
 ....
-	'N' SP 'inline' SP <committish> LF
+	'N' SP 'inline' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	data
 ....
 +
 See below for a detailed description of the `data` command.
 
-In both formats `<committish>` is any of the commit specification
+In both formats `<commit-ish>` is any of the commit specification
 expressions also accepted by `from` (see above).
 
 `mark`
@@ -725,7 +740,7 @@ lightweight (non-annotated) tags see the `reset` command below.
 
 ....
 	'tag' SP <name> LF
-	'from' SP <committish> LF
+	'from' SP <commit-ish> LF
 	'tagger' (SP <name>)? SP LT <email> GT SP <when> LF
 	data
 ....
@@ -770,11 +785,11 @@ branch from an existing commit without creating a new commit.
 
 ....
 	'reset' SP <ref> LF
-	('from' SP <committish> LF)?
+	('from' SP <commit-ish> LF)?
 	LF?
 ....
 
-For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<committish>` see above
+For a detailed description of `<ref>` and `<commit-ish>` see above
 under `commit` and `from`.
 
 The `LF` after the command is optional (it used to be required).
@@ -942,6 +957,9 @@ This command can be used anywhere in the stream that comments are
 accepted.  In particular, the `cat-blob` command can be used in the
 middle of a commit but not in the middle of a `data` command.
 
+See ``Responses To Commands'' below for details about how to read
+this output safely.
+
 `ls`
 ~~~~
 Prints information about the object at a path to a file descriptor
@@ -975,7 +993,7 @@ Reading from a named tree::
 
 See `filemodify` above for a detailed description of `<path>`.
 
-Output uses the same format as `git ls-tree <tree> {litdd} <path>`:
+Output uses the same format as `git ls-tree <tree> -- <path>`:
 
 ====
 	<mode> SP ('blob' | 'tree' | 'commit') SP <dataref> HT <path> LF
@@ -991,6 +1009,9 @@ instead report
 	missing SP <path> LF
 ====
 
+See ``Responses To Commands'' below for details about how to read
+this output safely.
+
 `feature`
 ~~~~~~~~~
 Require that fast-import supports the specified feature, or abort if
@@ -1040,7 +1061,9 @@ done::
 	Error out if the stream ends without a 'done' command.
 	Without this feature, errors causing the frontend to end
 	abruptly at a convenient point in the stream can go
-	undetected.
+	undetected.  This may occur, for example, if an import
+	front end dies in mid-operation without emitting SIGTERM
+	or SIGKILL at its subordinate git fast-import instance.
 
 `option`
 ~~~~~~~~
@@ -1061,7 +1084,7 @@ Option commands must be the first commands on the input (not counting
 feature commands), to give an option command after any non-option
 command is an error.
 
-The following commandline options change import semantics and may therefore
+The following command-line options change import semantics and may therefore
 not be passed as option:
 
 * date-format
@@ -1075,10 +1098,39 @@ not be passed as option:
 If the `done` feature is not in use, treated as if EOF was read.
 This can be used to tell fast-import to finish early.
 
-If the `--done` command line option or `feature done` command is
+If the `--done` command-line option or `feature done` command is
 in use, the `done` command is mandatory and marks the end of the
 stream.
 
+Responses To Commands
+---------------------
+New objects written by fast-import are not available immediately.
+Most fast-import commands have no visible effect until the next
+checkpoint (or completion).  The frontend can send commands to
+fill fast-import's input pipe without worrying about how quickly
+they will take effect, which improves performance by simplifying
+scheduling.
+
+For some frontends, though, it is useful to be able to read back
+data from the current repository as it is being updated (for
+example when the source material describes objects in terms of
+patches to be applied to previously imported objects).  This can
+be accomplished by connecting the frontend and fast-import via
+bidirectional pipes:
+
+====
+	mkfifo fast-import-output
+	frontend <fast-import-output |
+	git fast-import >fast-import-output
+====
+
+A frontend set up this way can use `progress`, `ls`, and `cat-blob`
+commands to read information from the import in progress.
+
+To avoid deadlock, such frontends must completely consume any
+pending output from `progress`, `ls`, and `cat-blob` before
+performing writes to fast-import that might block.
+
 Crash Reports
 -------------
 If fast-import is supplied invalid input it will terminate with a
@@ -1385,6 +1437,10 @@ operator can use this facility to peek at the objects and refs from an
 import in progress, at the cost of some added running time and worse
 compression.
 
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-fast-export[1]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
index ed1bdaacd1..93b5067946 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch-pack.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ git-fetch-pack - Receive missing objects from another repository
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git fetch-pack' [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] [--no-progress] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]
+'git fetch-pack' [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag]
+	[--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>]
+	[--depth=<n>] [--no-progress]
+	[-v] <repository> [<refs>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -32,6 +35,16 @@ OPTIONS
 --all::
 	Fetch all remote refs.
 
+--stdin::
+	Take the list of refs from stdin, one per line. If there
+	are refs specified on the command line in addition to this
+	option, then the refs from stdin are processed after those
+	on the command line.
++
+If '--stateless-rpc' is specified together with this option then
+the list of refs must be in packet format (pkt-line). Each ref must
+be in a separate packet, and the list must end with a flush packet.
+
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Pass '-q' flag to 'git unpack-objects'; this makes the
@@ -71,26 +84,31 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --depth=<n>::
 	Limit fetching to ancestor-chains not longer than n.
+	'git-upload-pack' treats the special depth 2147483647 as
+	infinite even if there is an ancestor-chain that long.
 
 --no-progress::
 	Do not show the progress.
 
+--check-self-contained-and-connected::
+	Output "connectivity-ok" if the received pack is
+	self-contained and connected.
+
 -v::
 	Run verbosely.
 
-<host>::
-	A remote host that houses the repository.  When this
-	part is specified, 'git-upload-pack' is invoked via
-	ssh.
-
-<directory>::
-	The repository to sync from.
+<repository>::
+	The URL to the remote repository.
 
 <refs>...::
 	The remote heads to update from. This is relative to
 	$GIT_DIR (e.g. "HEAD", "refs/heads/master").  When
 	unspecified, update from all heads the remote side has.
 
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-fetch[1]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
index b41d7c1de1..e62d9a0717 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fetch.txt
@@ -17,26 +17,31 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Fetches named heads or tags from one or more other repositories,
-along with the objects necessary to complete them.
-
-The ref names and their object names of fetched refs are stored
-in `.git/FETCH_HEAD`.  This information is left for a later merge
-operation done by 'git merge'.
-
-When <refspec> stores the fetched result in remote-tracking branches,
-the tags that point at these branches are automatically
-followed.  This is done by first fetching from the remote using
-the given <refspec>s, and if the repository has objects that are
-pointed by remote tags that it does not yet have, then fetch
-those missing tags.  If the other end has tags that point at
-branches you are not interested in, you will not get them.
-
-'git fetch' can fetch from either a single named repository,
+Fetch branches and/or tags (collectively, "refs") from one or more
+other repositories, along with the objects necessary to complete their
+histories.  Remote-tracking branches are updated (see the description
+of <refspec> below for ways to control this behavior).
+
+By default, any tag that points into the histories being fetched is
+also fetched; the effect is to fetch tags that
+point at branches that you are interested in.  This default behavior
+can be changed by using the --tags or --no-tags options or by
+configuring remote.<name>.tagOpt.  By using a refspec that fetches tags
+explicitly, you can fetch tags that do not point into branches you
+are interested in as well.
+
+'git fetch' can fetch from either a single named repository or URL,
 or from several repositories at once if <group> is given and
 there is a remotes.<group> entry in the configuration file.
 (See linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
+When no remote is specified, by default the `origin` remote will be used,
+unless there's an upstream branch configured for the current branch.
+
+The names of refs that are fetched, together with the object names
+they point at, are written to `.git/FETCH_HEAD`.  This information
+may be used by scripts or other git commands, such as linkgit:git-pull[1].
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 include::fetch-options.txt[]
@@ -46,6 +51,55 @@ include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
 
 
+CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES[[CRTB]]
+-------------------------------------------
+
+You often interact with the same remote repository by
+regularly and repeatedly fetching from it.  In order to keep track
+of the progress of such a remote repository, `git fetch` allows you
+to configure `remote.<repository>.fetch` configuration variables.
+
+Typically such a variable may look like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+[remote "origin"]
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This configuration is used in two ways:
+
+* When `git fetch` is run without specifying what branches
+  and/or tags to fetch on the command line, e.g. `git fetch origin`
+  or `git fetch`, `remote.<repository>.fetch` values are used as
+  the refspecs---they specify which refs to fetch and which local refs
+  to update.  The example above will fetch
+  all branches that exist in the `origin` (i.e. any ref that matches
+  the left-hand side of the value, `refs/heads/*`) and update the
+  corresponding remote-tracking branches in the `refs/remotes/origin/*`
+  hierarchy.
+
+* When `git fetch` is run with explicit branches and/or tags
+  to fetch on the command line, e.g. `git fetch origin master`, the
+  <refspec>s given on the command line determine what are to be
+  fetched (e.g. `master` in the example,
+  which is a short-hand for `master:`, which in turn means
+  "fetch the 'master' branch but I do not explicitly say what
+  remote-tracking branch to update with it from the command line"),
+  and the example command will
+  fetch _only_ the 'master' branch.  The `remote.<repository>.fetch`
+  values determine which
+  remote-tracking branch, if any, is updated.  When used in this
+  way, the `remote.<repository>.fetch` values do not have any
+  effect in deciding _what_ gets fetched (i.e. the values are not
+  used as refspecs when the command-line lists refspecs); they are
+  only used to decide _where_ the refs that are fetched are stored
+  by acting as a mapping.
+
+The latter use of the `remote.<repository>.fetch` values can be
+overridden by giving the `--refmap=<refspec>` parameter(s) on the
+command line.
+
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
@@ -73,6 +127,19 @@ the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively)
 The `pu` branch will be updated even if it is does not fast-forward,
 because it is prefixed with a plus sign; `tmp` will not be.
 
+* Peek at a remote's branch, without configuring the remote in your local
+repository:
++
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git fetch git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git maint
+$ git log FETCH_HEAD
+------------------------------------------------
++
+The first command fetches the `maint` branch from the repository at
+`git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git` and the second command uses
+`FETCH_HEAD` to examine the branch with linkgit:git-log[1].  The fetched
+objects will eventually be removed by git's built-in housekeeping (see
+linkgit:git-gc[1]).
 
 BUGS
 ----
@@ -80,7 +147,7 @@ Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
-having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
+having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 version.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
index 0f2f117383..73fd9e8230 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-filter-branch.txt
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Lets you rewrite git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
+Lets you rewrite Git revision history by rewriting the branches mentioned
 in the <rev-list options>, applying custom filters on each revision.
 Those filters can modify each tree (e.g. removing a file or running
 a perl rewrite on all files) or information about each commit.
@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@ The command will only rewrite the _positive_ refs mentioned in the
 command line (e.g. if you pass 'a..b', only 'b' will be rewritten).
 If you specify no filters, the commits will be recommitted without any
 changes, which would normally have no effect.  Nevertheless, this may be
-useful in the future for compensating for some git bugs or such,
+useful in the future for compensating for some Git bugs or such,
 therefore such a usage is permitted.
 
-*NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` and `.git/refs/replace/`.
+*NOTE*: This command honors `.git/info/grafts` file and refs in
+the `refs/replace/` namespace.
 If you have any grafts or replacement refs defined, running this command
 will make them permanent.
 
@@ -63,8 +64,11 @@ argument is always evaluated in the shell context using the 'eval' command
 Prior to that, the $GIT_COMMIT environment variable will be set to contain
 the id of the commit being rewritten.  Also, GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, GIT_AUTHOR_DATE, GIT_COMMITTER_NAME, GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL,
-and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are set according to the current commit.  The values
-of these variables after the filters have run, are used for the new commit.
+and GIT_COMMITTER_DATE are taken from the current commit and exported to
+the environment, in order to affect the author and committer identities of
+the replacement commit created by linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] after the
+filters have run.
+
 If any evaluation of <command> returns a non-zero exit status, the whole
 operation will be aborted.
 
@@ -96,8 +100,8 @@ OPTIONS
 --index-filter <command>::
 	This is the filter for rewriting the index.  It is similar to the
 	tree filter but does not check out the tree, which makes it much
-	faster.  Frequently used with `git rm \--cached
-	\--ignore-unmatch ...`, see EXAMPLES below.  For hairy
+	faster.  Frequently used with `git rm --cached
+	--ignore-unmatch ...`, see EXAMPLES below.  For hairy
 	cases, see linkgit:git-update-index[1].
 
 --parent-filter <command>::
@@ -222,11 +226,11 @@ However, if the file is absent from the tree of some commit,
 a simple `rm filename` will fail for that tree and commit.
 Thus you may instead want to use `rm -f filename` as the script.
 
-Using `\--index-filter` with 'git rm' yields a significantly faster
+Using `--index-filter` with 'git rm' yields a significantly faster
 version.  Like with using `rm filename`, `git rm --cached filename`
 will fail if the file is absent from the tree of a commit.  If you
 want to "completely forget" a file, it does not matter when it entered
-history, so we also add `\--ignore-unmatch`:
+history, so we also add `--ignore-unmatch`:
 
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 git filter-branch --index-filter 'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch filename' HEAD
@@ -242,8 +246,8 @@ git filter-branch --subdirectory-filter foodir -- --all
 -------------------------------------------------------
 
 Thus you can, e.g., turn a library subdirectory into a repository of
-its own.  Note the `\--` that separates 'filter-branch' options from
-revision options, and the `\--all` to rewrite all branches and tags.
+its own.  Note the `--` that separates 'filter-branch' options from
+revision options, and the `--all` to rewrite all branches and tags.
 
 To set a commit (which typically is at the tip of another
 history) to be the parent of the current initial commit, in
@@ -303,6 +307,11 @@ committed a merge between P1 and P2, it will be propagated properly
 and all children of the merge will become merge commits with P1,P2
 as their parents instead of the merge commit.
 
+*NOTE* the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not reverted
+by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want
+to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the
+interactive mode of 'git rebase'.
+
 You can rewrite the commit log messages using `--msg-filter`.  For
 example, 'git svn-id' strings in a repository created by 'git svn' can
 be removed this way:
@@ -313,11 +322,6 @@ git filter-branch --msg-filter '
 '
 -------------------------------------------------------
 
-To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
-range in addition to the new branch name.  The new branch name will
-point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
-will print.
-
 If you need to add 'Acked-by' lines to, say, the last 10 commits (none
 of which is a merge), use this command:
 
@@ -328,11 +332,30 @@ git filter-branch --msg-filter '
 ' HEAD~10..HEAD
 --------------------------------------------------------
 
-*NOTE* the changes introduced by the commits, and which are not reverted
-by subsequent commits, will still be in the rewritten branch. If you want
-to throw out _changes_ together with the commits, you should use the
-interactive mode of 'git rebase'.
+The `--env-filter` option can be used to modify committer and/or author
+identity.  For example, if you found out that your commits have the wrong
+identity due to a misconfigured user.email, you can make a correction,
+before publishing the project, like this:
+
+--------------------------------------------------------
+git filter-branch --env-filter '
+	if test "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
+	then
+		GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=john@example.com
+		export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	fi
+	if test "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" = "root@localhost"
+	then
+		GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=john@example.com
+		export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+	fi
+' -- --all
+--------------------------------------------------------
 
+To restrict rewriting to only part of the history, specify a revision
+range in addition to the new branch name.  The new branch name will
+point to the top-most revision that a 'git rev-list' of this range
+will print.
 
 Consider this history:
 
@@ -370,24 +393,24 @@ git filter-branch --index-filter \
 Checklist for Shrinking a Repository
 ------------------------------------
 
-git-filter-branch is often used to get rid of a subset of files,
-usually with some combination of `\--index-filter` and
-`\--subdirectory-filter`.  People expect the resulting repository to
+git-filter-branch can be used to get rid of a subset of files,
+usually with some combination of `--index-filter` and
+`--subdirectory-filter`.  People expect the resulting repository to
 be smaller than the original, but you need a few more steps to
-actually make it smaller, because git tries hard not to lose your
+actually make it smaller, because Git tries hard not to lose your
 objects until you tell it to.  First make sure that:
 
 * You really removed all variants of a filename, if a blob was moved
-  over its lifetime.  `git log \--name-only \--follow \--all \--
-  filename` can help you find renames.
+  over its lifetime.  `git log --name-only --follow --all -- filename`
+  can help you find renames.
 
-* You really filtered all refs: use `\--tag-name-filter cat \--
-  \--all` when calling git-filter-branch.
+* You really filtered all refs: use `--tag-name-filter cat -- --all`
+  when calling git-filter-branch.
 
 Then there are two ways to get a smaller repository.  A safer way is
 to clone, that keeps your original intact.
 
-* Clone it with `git clone +++file:///path/to/repo+++`.  The clone
+* Clone it with `git clone file:///path/to/repo`.  The clone
   will not have the removed objects.  See linkgit:git-clone[1].  (Note
   that cloning with a plain path just hardlinks everything!)
 
@@ -397,14 +420,45 @@ approach, so *make a backup* or go back to cloning it.  You have been
 warned.
 
 * Remove the original refs backed up by git-filter-branch: say `git
-  for-each-ref \--format="%(refname)" refs/original/ | xargs -n 1 git
+  for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" refs/original/ | xargs -n 1 git
   update-ref -d`.
 
-* Expire all reflogs with `git reflog expire \--expire=now \--all`.
+* Expire all reflogs with `git reflog expire --expire=now --all`.
 
-* Garbage collect all unreferenced objects with `git gc \--prune=now`
+* Garbage collect all unreferenced objects with `git gc --prune=now`
   (or if your git-gc is not new enough to support arguments to
-  `\--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead).
+  `--prune`, use `git repack -ad; git prune` instead).
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+git-filter-branch allows you to make complex shell-scripted rewrites
+of your Git history, but you probably don't need this flexibility if
+you're simply _removing unwanted data_ like large files or passwords.
+For those operations you may want to consider
+http://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/[The BFG Repo-Cleaner],
+a JVM-based alternative to git-filter-branch, typically at least
+10-50x faster for those use-cases, and with quite different
+characteristics:
+
+* Any particular version of a file is cleaned exactly _once_. The BFG,
+  unlike git-filter-branch, does not give you the opportunity to
+  handle a file differently based on where or when it was committed
+  within your history. This constraint gives the core performance
+  benefit of The BFG, and is well-suited to the task of cleansing bad
+  data - you don't care _where_ the bad data is, you just want it
+  _gone_.
+
+* By default The BFG takes full advantage of multi-core machines,
+  cleansing commit file-trees in parallel. git-filter-branch cleans
+  commits sequentially (i.e. in a single-threaded manner), though it
+  _is_ possible to write filters that include their own parallelism,
+  in the scripts executed against each commit.
+
+* The http://rtyley.github.io/bfg-repo-cleaner/#examples[command options]
+  are much more restrictive than git-filter branch, and dedicated just
+  to the tasks of removing unwanted data- e.g:
+  `--strip-blobs-bigger-than 1M`.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
index 3a0f55ec8e..bb1232a52c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fmt-merge-msg.txt
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	Do not list one-line descriptions from the actual commits being
 	merged.
 
---summary::
---no-summary::
+--[no-]summary::
 	Synonyms to --log and --no-log; these are deprecated and will be
 	removed in the future.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
index c872b883ba..42408752d0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-for-each-ref.txt
@@ -91,7 +91,19 @@ objectname::
 upstream::
 	The name of a local ref which can be considered ``upstream''
 	from the displayed ref. Respects `:short` in the same way as
-	`refname` above.
+	`refname` above.  Additionally respects `:track` to show
+	"[ahead N, behind M]" and `:trackshort` to show the terse
+	version: ">" (ahead), "<" (behind), "<>" (ahead and behind),
+	or "=" (in sync).  Has no effect if the ref does not have
+	tracking information associated with it.
+
+HEAD::
+	'*' if HEAD matches current ref (the checked out branch), ' '
+	otherwise.
+
+color::
+	Change output color.  Followed by `:<colorname>`, where names
+	are described in `color.branch.*`.
 
 In addition to the above, for commit and tag objects, the header
 field names (`tree`, `parent`, `object`, `type`, and `tag`) can
@@ -102,9 +114,10 @@ Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (`author`,
 and `date` to extract the named component.
 
 The complete message in a commit and tag object is `contents`.
-Its first line is `contents:subject`, the remaining lines
-are `contents:body` and the optional GPG signature
-is `contents:signature`.
+Its first line is `contents:subject`, where subject is the concatenation
+of all lines of the commit message up to the first blank line.  The next
+line is 'contents:body', where body is all of the lines after the first
+blank line.  Finally, the optional GPG signature is `contents:signature`.
 
 For sorting purposes, fields with numeric values sort in numeric
 order (`objectsize`, `authordate`, `committerdate`, `taggerdate`).
@@ -116,7 +129,7 @@ returns an empty string instead.
 
 As a special case for the date-type fields, you may specify a format for
 the date by adding one of `:default`, `:relative`, `:short`, `:local`,
-`:iso8601` or `:rfc2822` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
+`:iso8601`, `:rfc2822` or `:raw` to the end of the fieldname; e.g.
 `%(taggerdate:relative)`.
 
 
@@ -206,13 +219,9 @@ eval=`git for-each-ref --shell --format="$fmt" \
 eval "$eval"
 ------------
 
-Author
-------
-Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>.
-
-Documentation
--------------
-Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-show-ref[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
index 6ea9be775c..bb3ea9372f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-format-patch.txt
@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ SYNOPSIS
 		   [(--attach|--inline)[=<boundary>] | --no-attach]
 		   [-s | --signoff]
 		   [--signature=<signature> | --no-signature]
+		   [--signature-file=<file>]
 		   [-n | --numbered | -N | --no-numbered]
 		   [--start-number <n>] [--numbered-files]
 		   [--in-reply-to=Message-Id] [--suffix=.<sfx>]
 		   [--ignore-if-in-upstream]
-		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix]
+		   [--subject-prefix=Subject-Prefix] [(--reroll-count|-v) <n>]
 		   [--to=<email>] [--cc=<email>]
-		   [--cover-letter] [--quiet]
+		   [--[no-]cover-letter] [--quiet] [--notes[=<ref>]]
 		   [<common diff options>]
 		   [ <since> | <revision range> ]
 
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ There are two ways to specify which commits to operate on.
 The first rule takes precedence in the case of a single <commit>.  To
 apply the second rule, i.e., format everything since the beginning of
 history up until <commit>, use the '\--root' option: `git format-patch
-\--root <commit>`.  If you want to format only <commit> itself, you
+--root <commit>`.  If you want to format only <commit> itself, you
 can do this with `git format-patch -1 <commit>`.
 
 By default, each output file is numbered sequentially from 1, and uses the
@@ -58,10 +59,13 @@ output, unless the `--stdout` option is specified.
 If `-o` is specified, output files are created in <dir>.  Otherwise
 they are created in the current working directory.
 
-By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] First Line" and
-the subject when multiple patches are output is "[PATCH n/m] First
-Line". To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`.  To omit
-patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`.
+By default, the subject of a single patch is "[PATCH] " followed by
+the concatenation of lines from the commit message up to the first blank
+line (see the DISCUSSION section of linkgit:git-commit[1]).
+
+When multiple patches are output, the subject prefix will instead be
+"[PATCH n/m] ".  To force 1/1 to be added for a single patch, use `-n`.
+To omit patch numbers from the subject, use `-N`.
 
 If given `--thread`, `git-format-patch` will generate `In-Reply-To` and
 `References` headers to make the second and subsequent patch mails appear
@@ -134,7 +138,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
 The optional <style> argument can be either `shallow` or `deep`.
 'shallow' threading makes every mail a reply to the head of the
 series, where the head is chosen from the cover letter, the
-`\--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.  'deep'
+`--in-reply-to`, and the first patch mail, in this order.  'deep'
 threading makes every mail a reply to the previous one.
 +
 The default is `--no-thread`, unless the 'format.thread' configuration
@@ -163,6 +167,15 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 	allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
 	combined with the `--numbered` option.
 
+-v <n>::
+--reroll-count=<n>::
+	Mark the series as the <n>-th iteration of the topic. The
+	output filenames have `v<n>` pretended to them, and the
+	subject prefix ("PATCH" by default, but configurable via the
+	`--subject-prefix` option) has ` v<n>` appended to it.  E.g.
+	`--reroll-count=4` may produce `v4-0001-add-makefile.patch`
+	file that has "Subject: [PATCH v4 1/20] Add makefile" in it.
+
 --to=<email>::
 	Add a `To:` header to the email headers. This is in addition
 	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
@@ -175,6 +188,21 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 	The negated form `--no-cc` discards all `Cc:` headers added so
 	far (from config or command line).
 
+--from::
+--from=<ident>::
+	Use `ident` in the `From:` header of each commit email. If the
+	author ident of the commit is not textually identical to the
+	provided `ident`, place a `From:` header in the body of the
+	message with the original author. If no `ident` is given, use
+	the committer ident.
++
+Note that this option is only useful if you are actually sending the
+emails and want to identify yourself as the sender, but retain the
+original author (and `git am` will correctly pick up the in-body
+header). Note also that `git send-email` already handles this
+transformation for you, and this option should not be used if you are
+feeding the result to `git send-email`.
+
 --add-header=<header>::
 	Add an arbitrary header to the email headers.  This is in addition
 	to any configured headers, and may be used multiple times.
@@ -183,17 +211,32 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 	`Cc:`, and custom) headers added so far from config or command
 	line.
 
---cover-letter::
+--[no-]cover-letter::
 	In addition to the patches, generate a cover letter file
 	containing the shortlog and the overall diffstat.  You can
 	fill in a description in the file before sending it out.
 
+--notes[=<ref>]::
+	Append the notes (see linkgit:git-notes[1]) for the commit
+	after the three-dash line.
++
+The expected use case of this is to write supporting explanation for
+the commit that does not belong to the commit log message proper,
+and include it with the patch submission. While one can simply write
+these explanations after `format-patch` has run but before sending,
+keeping them as Git notes allows them to be maintained between versions
+of the patch series (but see the discussion of the `notes.rewrite`
+configuration options in linkgit:git-notes[1] to use this workflow).
+
 --[no]-signature=<signature>::
 	Add a signature to each message produced. Per RFC 3676 the signature
 	is separated from the body by a line with '-- ' on it. If the
-	signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the git version
+	signature option is omitted the signature defaults to the Git version
 	number.
 
+--signature-file=<file>::
+	Works just like --signature except the signature is read from a file.
+
 --suffix=.<sfx>::
 	Instead of using `.patch` as the suffix for generated
 	filenames, use specified suffix.  A common alternative is
@@ -203,6 +246,7 @@ will want to ensure that threading is disabled for `git send-email`.
 Note that the leading character does not have to be a dot; for example,
 you can use `--suffix=-patch` to get `0001-description-of-my-change-patch`.
 
+-q::
 --quiet::
 	Do not print the names of the generated files to standard output.
 
@@ -229,13 +273,14 @@ attachments, and sign off patches with configuration variables.
 ------------
 [format]
 	headers = "Organization: git-foo\n"
-	subjectprefix = CHANGE
+	subjectPrefix = CHANGE
 	suffix = .txt
 	numbered = auto
 	to = <email>
 	cc = <email>
 	attach [ = mime-boundary-string ]
-	signoff = true
+	signOff = true
+	coverletter = auto
 ------------
 
 
@@ -365,7 +410,7 @@ Thunderbird
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 By default, Thunderbird will both wrap emails as well as flag
 them as being 'format=flowed', both of which will make the
-resulting email unusable by git.
+resulting email unusable by Git.
 
 There are three different approaches: use an add-on to turn off line wraps,
 configure Thunderbird to not mangle patches, or use
@@ -397,7 +442,8 @@ Edit..Preferences..Composition, wrap plain text messages at 0
 In Thunderbird 3:
 Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor.  Search for
 "mail.wrap_long_lines".
-Toggle it to make sure it is set to `false`.
+Toggle it to make sure it is set to `false`. Also, search for
+"mailnews.wraplength" and set the value to 0.
 
 3. Disable the use of format=flowed:
 Edit..Preferences..Advanced..Config Editor.  Search for
@@ -501,8 +547,8 @@ $ git format-patch -M -B origin
 Additionally, it detects and handles renames and complete rewrites
 intelligently to produce a renaming patch.  A renaming patch reduces
 the amount of text output, and generally makes it easier to review.
-Note that non-git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
-use it only when you know the recipient uses git to apply your patch.
+Note that non-Git "patch" programs won't understand renaming patches, so
+use it only when you know the recipient uses Git to apply your patch.
 
 * Extract three topmost commits from the current branch and format them
 as e-mailable patches:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
index bbb25da2dd..25c431d3c5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-fsck.txt
@@ -23,15 +23,14 @@ OPTIONS
 	An object to treat as the head of an unreachability trace.
 +
 If no objects are given, 'git fsck' defaults to using the
-index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
---no-reflogs is given) as heads.
+index file, all SHA-1 references in `refs` namespace, and all reflogs
+(unless --no-reflogs is given) as heads.
 
 --unreachable::
 	Print out objects that exist but that aren't reachable from any
 	of the reference nodes.
 
---dangling::
---no-dangling::
+--[no-]dangling::
 	Print objects that exist but that are never 'directly' used (default).
 	`--no-dangling` can be used to omit this information from the output.
 
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
 	($GIT_DIR/objects), but also the ones found in alternate
 	object pools listed in GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES
 	or $GIT_DIR/objects/info/alternates,
-	and in packed git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
+	and in packed Git archives found in $GIT_DIR/objects/pack
 	and corresponding pack subdirectories in alternate
 	object pools.  This is now default; you can turn it off
 	with --no-full.
@@ -64,8 +63,8 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
 --strict::
 	Enable more strict checking, namely to catch a file mode
 	recorded with g+w bit set, which was created by older
-	versions of git.  Existing repositories, including the
-	Linux kernel, git itself, and sparse repository have old
+	versions of Git.  Existing repositories, including the
+	Linux kernel, Git itself, and sparse repository have old
 	objects that triggers this check, but it is recommended
 	to check new projects with this flag.
 
@@ -78,8 +77,7 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
 	a blob, the contents are written into the file, rather than
 	its object name.
 
---progress::
---no-progress::
+--[no-]progress::
 	Progress status is reported on the standard error stream by
 	default when it is attached to a terminal, unless
 	--no-progress or --verbose is specified. --progress forces
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ index file, all SHA1 references in .git/refs/*, and all reflogs (unless
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
 
-git-fsck tests SHA1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking
+git-fsck tests SHA-1 and general object sanity, and it does full tracking
 of the resulting reachability and everything else. It prints out any
 corruption it finds (missing or bad objects), and if you use the
 '--unreachable' flag it will also print out objects that exist but that
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gc.txt b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
index 815afcb922..52234987f9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gc.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-gc - Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune]
+'git gc' [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] [--force]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -54,16 +54,17 @@ all loose objects are combined into a single pack using
 `git repack -d -l`.  Setting the value of `gc.auto` to 0
 disables automatic packing of loose objects.
 +
-If the number of packs exceeds the value of `gc.autopacklimit`,
+If the number of packs exceeds the value of `gc.autoPackLimit`,
 then existing packs (except those marked with a `.keep` file)
 are consolidated into a single pack by using the `-A` option of
-'git repack'. Setting `gc.autopacklimit` to 0 disables
+'git repack'. Setting `gc.autoPackLimit` to 0 disables
 automatic consolidation of packs.
 
 --prune=<date>::
 	Prune loose objects older than date (default is 2 weeks ago,
-	overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`).  This
-	option is on by default.
+	overridable by the config variable `gc.pruneExpire`).
+	--prune=all prunes loose objects regardless of their age.
+	--prune is on by default.
 
 --no-prune::
 	Do not prune any loose objects.
@@ -71,6 +72,10 @@ automatic consolidation of packs.
 --quiet::
 	Suppress all progress reports.
 
+--force::
+	Force `git gc` to run even if there may be another `git gc`
+	instance running on this repository.
+
 Configuration
 -------------
 
@@ -84,7 +89,7 @@ The optional configuration variable 'gc.reflogExpireUnreachable'
 can be set to indicate how long historical reflog entries which
 are not part of the current branch should remain available in
 this repository.  These types of entries are generally created as
-a result of using `git commit \--amend` or `git rebase` and are the
+a result of using `git commit --amend` or `git rebase` and are the
 commits prior to the amend or rebase occurring.  Since these changes
 are not part of the current project most users will want to expire
 them sooner.  This option defaults to '30 days'.
@@ -96,18 +101,18 @@ branches:
 ------------
 [gc "refs/remotes/*"]
 	reflogExpire = never
-	reflogexpireUnreachable = 3 days
+	reflogExpireUnreachable = 3 days
 ------------
 
-The optional configuration variable 'gc.rerereresolved' indicates
+The optional configuration variable 'gc.rerereResolved' indicates
 how long records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are
 kept.  This defaults to 60 days.
 
-The optional configuration variable 'gc.rerereunresolved' indicates
+The optional configuration variable 'gc.rerereUnresolved' indicates
 how long records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are
 kept.  This defaults to 15 days.
 
-The optional configuration variable 'gc.packrefs' determines if
+The optional configuration variable 'gc.packRefs' determines if
 'git gc' runs 'git pack-refs'. This can be set to "notbare" to enable
 it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a boolean value.
 This defaults to true.
@@ -119,6 +124,9 @@ the value, the more time is spent optimizing the delta compression.  See
 the documentation for the --window' option in linkgit:git-repack[1] for
 more details.  This defaults to 250.
 
+Similarly, the optional configuration variable 'gc.aggressiveDepth'
+controls --depth option in linkgit:git-repack[1]. This defaults to 250.
+
 The optional configuration variable 'gc.pruneExpire' controls how old
 the unreferenced loose objects have to be before they are pruned.  The
 default is "2 weeks ago".
diff --git a/Documentation/git-grep.txt b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
index 6a8b1e3a7d..31811f16bd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-grep.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-grep.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-grep - Print lines matching a pattern
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git grep' [-a | --text] [-I] [-i | --ignore-case] [-w | --word-regexp]
+'git grep' [-a | --text] [-I] [--textconv] [-i | --ignore-case] [-w | --word-regexp]
 	   [-v | --invert-match] [-h|-H] [--full-name]
 	   [-E | --extended-regexp] [-G | --basic-regexp]
 	   [-P | --perl-regexp]
@@ -20,16 +20,20 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	   [-c | --count] [--all-match] [-q | --quiet]
 	   [--max-depth <depth>]
 	   [--color[=<when>] | --no-color]
+	   [--break] [--heading] [-p | --show-function]
 	   [-A <post-context>] [-B <pre-context>] [-C <context>]
+	   [-W | --function-context]
 	   [-f <file>] [-e] <pattern>
 	   [--and|--or|--not|(|)|-e <pattern>...]
-	   [ [--exclude-standard] [--cached | --no-index | --untracked] | <tree>...]
+	   [ [--[no-]exclude-standard] [--cached | --no-index | --untracked] | <tree>...]
 	   [--] [<pathspec>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Look for specified patterns in the tracked files in the work tree, blobs
-registered in the index file, or blobs in given tree objects.
+registered in the index file, or blobs in given tree objects.  Patterns
+are lists of one or more search expressions separated by newline
+characters.  An empty string as search expression matches all lines.
 
 
 CONFIGURATION
@@ -38,8 +42,19 @@ CONFIGURATION
 grep.lineNumber::
 	If set to true, enable '-n' option by default.
 
+grep.patternType::
+	Set the default matching behavior. Using a value of 'basic', 'extended',
+	'fixed', or 'perl' will enable the '--basic-regexp', '--extended-regexp',
+	'--fixed-strings', or '--perl-regexp' option accordingly, while the
+	value 'default' will return to the default matching behavior.
+
 grep.extendedRegexp::
-	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default.
+	If set to true, enable '--extended-regexp' option by default. This
+	option is ignored when the 'grep.patternType' option is set to a value
+	other than 'default'.
+
+grep.fullName::
+	If set to true, enable '--full-name' option by default.
 
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -49,7 +64,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	blobs registered in the index file.
 
 --no-index::
-	Search files in the current directory that is not managed by git.
+	Search files in the current directory that is not managed by Git.
 
 --untracked::
 	In addition to searching in the tracked files in the working
@@ -68,6 +83,13 @@ OPTIONS
 --text::
 	Process binary files as if they were text.
 
+--textconv::
+	Honor textconv filter settings.
+
+--no-textconv::
+	Do not honor textconv filter settings.
+	This is the default.
+
 -i::
 --ignore-case::
 	Ignore case differences between the patterns and the
@@ -245,11 +267,11 @@ OPTIONS
 Examples
 --------
 
-`git grep {apostrophe}time_t{apostrophe} \-- {apostrophe}*.[ch]{apostrophe}`::
+`git grep 'time_t' -- '*.[ch]'`::
 	Looks for `time_t` in all tracked .c and .h files in the working
 	directory and its subdirectories.
 
-`git grep -e {apostrophe}#define{apostrophe} --and \( -e MAX_PATH -e PATH_MAX \)`::
+`git grep -e '#define' --and \( -e MAX_PATH -e PATH_MAX \)`::
 	Looks for a line that has `#define` and either `MAX_PATH` or
 	`PATH_MAX`.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-gui.txt b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
index 0041994443..8144527ae0 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-gui.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-gui.txt
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Examples
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:gitk[1]::
-	The git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
+	The Git repository browser.  Shows branches, commit history
 	and file differences.  gitk is the utility started by
 	'git gui''s Repository Visualize actions.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
index 4b0a502e8e..02c1f12685 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-hash-object.txt
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --path::
 	Hash object as it were located at the given path. The location of
 	file does not directly influence on the hash value, but path is
-	used to determine what git filters should be applied to the object
+	used to determine what Git filters should be applied to the object
 	before it can be placed to the object database, and, as result of
 	applying filters, the actual blob put into the object database may
 	differ from the given file. This option is mainly useful for hashing
diff --git a/Documentation/git-help.txt b/Documentation/git-help.txt
index 9e0b3f6811..3956525218 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-help.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-help.txt
@@ -3,36 +3,50 @@ git-help(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-help - display help information about git
+git-help - Display help information about Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git help' [-a|--all|-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND]
+'git help' [-a|--all] [-g|--guide]
+	   [-i|--info|-m|--man|-w|--web] [COMMAND|GUIDE]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-With no options and no COMMAND given, the synopsis of the 'git'
-command and a list of the most commonly used git commands are printed
+With no options and no COMMAND or GUIDE given, the synopsis of the 'git'
+command and a list of the most commonly used Git commands are printed
 on the standard output.
 
-If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, then all available commands are
+If the option '--all' or '-a' is given, all available commands are
 printed on the standard output.
 
-If a git command is named, a manual page for that command is brought
-up. The 'man' program is used by default for this purpose, but this
-can be overridden by other options or configuration variables.
+If the option '--guide' or '-g' is given, a list of the useful
+Git guides is also printed on the standard output.
+
+If a command, or a guide, is given, a manual page for that command or
+guide is brought up. The 'man' program is used by default for this
+purpose, but this can be overridden by other options or configuration
+variables.
 
 Note that `git --help ...` is identical to `git help ...` because the
 former is internally converted into the latter.
 
+To display the linkgit:git[1] man page, use `git help git`.
+
+This page can be displayed with 'git help help' or `git help --help`
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -a::
 --all::
 	Prints all the available commands on the standard output. This
-	option supersedes any other option.
+	option overrides any given command or guide name.
+
+-g::
+--guides::
+	Prints a list of useful guides on the standard output. This
+	option overrides any given command or guide name.
 
 -i::
 --info::
@@ -66,9 +80,9 @@ CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
 help.format
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-If no command line option is passed, the 'help.format' configuration
+If no command-line option is passed, the 'help.format' configuration
 variable will be checked. The following values are supported for this
-variable; they make 'git help' behave as their corresponding command
+variable; they make 'git help' behave as their corresponding command-
 line option:
 
 * "man" corresponds to '-m|--man',
@@ -79,15 +93,15 @@ help.browser, web.browser and browser.<tool>.path
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The 'help.browser', 'web.browser' and 'browser.<tool>.path' will also
-be checked if the 'web' format is chosen (either by command line
+be checked if the 'web' format is chosen (either by command-line
 option or configuration variable). See '-w|--web' in the OPTIONS
 section above and linkgit:git-web{litdd}browse[1].
 
 man.viewer
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The 'man.viewer' config variable will be checked if the 'man' format
-is chosen. The following values are currently supported:
+The 'man.viewer' configuration variable will be checked if the 'man'
+format is chosen. The following values are currently supported:
 
 * "man": use the 'man' program as usual,
 * "woman": use 'emacsclient' to launch the "woman" mode in emacs
@@ -110,7 +124,7 @@ For example, this configuration:
 		viewer = woman
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-will try to use konqueror first. But this may fail (for example if
+will try to use konqueror first. But this may fail (for example, if
 DISPLAY is not set) and in that case emacs' woman mode will be tried.
 
 If everything fails, or if no viewer is configured, the viewer specified
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
index f4e0741c11..d422ba4b59 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-backend.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as clients
 pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.
 
 It verifies that the directory has the magic file
-"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any git directory
+"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory
 that hasn't explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
 GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable is set).
 
@@ -80,7 +80,30 @@ ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 +
 To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
-require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
+require authorization for both the initial ref advertisement (which we
+detect as a push via the service parameter in the query string), and the
+receive-pack invocation itself:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
+RewriteRule ^/git/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
+
+<LocationMatch "^/git/">
+	Order Deny,Allow
+	Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
+
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "Git Access"
+	Require group committers
+	Satisfy Any
+	...
+</LocationMatch>
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+If you do not have `mod_rewrite` available to match against the query
+string, it is sufficient to just protect `git-receive-pack` itself,
+like:
 +
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 <LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$">
@@ -91,6 +114,15 @@ require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:
 </LocationMatch>
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 +
+In this mode, the server will not request authentication until the
+client actually starts the object negotiation phase of the push, rather
+than during the initial contact.  For this reason, you must also enable
+the `http.receivepack` config option in any repositories that should
+accept a push. The default behavior, if `http.receivepack` is not set,
+is to reject any pushes by unauthenticated users; the initial request
+will therefore report `403 Forbidden` to the client, without even giving
+an opportunity for authentication.
++
 To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
 directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:
 +
@@ -158,6 +190,54 @@ ScriptAliasMatch \
 ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
+Lighttpd::
+	Ensure that `mod_cgi`, `mod_alias`, `mod_auth`, `mod_setenv` are
+	loaded, then set `GIT_PROJECT_ROOT` appropriately and redirect
+	all requests to the CGI:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+alias.url += ( "/git" => "/usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend" )
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git" {
+	cgi.assign = ("" => "")
+	setenv.add-environment = (
+		"GIT_PROJECT_ROOT" => "/var/www/git",
+		"GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL" => ""
+	)
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$HTTP["querystring"] =~ "service=git-receive-pack" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+where `git-auth.conf` looks something like:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+auth.require = (
+	"/" => (
+		"method" => "basic",
+		"realm" => "Git Access",
+		"require" => "valid-user"
+	       )
+)
+# ...and set up auth.backend here
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+To require authentication for both reads and writes:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/private" {
+	include "git-auth.conf"
+}
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
@@ -183,14 +263,6 @@ identifying information of the remote user who performed the push.
 All CGI environment variables are available to each of the hooks
 invoked by the 'git-receive-pack'.
 
-Author
-------
-Written by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
-
-Documentation
---------------
-Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>.
-
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
index 070cd1e6ed..21a33d2c41 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-http-fetch.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-http-fetch(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-http-fetch - Download from a remote git repository via HTTP
+git-http-fetch - Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Downloads a remote git repository via HTTP.
+Downloads a remote Git repository via HTTP.
 
 *NOTE*: use of this command without -a is deprecated.  The -a
 behaviour will become the default in a future release.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt b/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
index 875d2831a5..5d1e4c80cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-imap-send.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-imap-send - Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git imap-send'
+'git imap-send' [-v] [-q] [--[no-]curl]
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -26,6 +26,28 @@ Typical usage is something like:
 git format-patch --signoff --stdout --attach origin | git imap-send
 
 
+OPTIONS
+-------
+
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Be verbose.
+
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Be quiet.
+
+--curl::
+	Use libcurl to communicate with the IMAP server, unless tunneling
+	into it.  Ignored if Git was built without the USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+	option set.
+
+--no-curl::
+	Talk to the IMAP server using git's own IMAP routines instead of
+	using libcurl.  Ignored if Git was built with the NO_OPENSSL option
+	set.
+
+
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
@@ -38,18 +60,17 @@ Variables
 imap.folder::
 	The folder to drop the mails into, which is typically the Drafts
 	folder. For example: "INBOX.Drafts", "INBOX/Drafts" or
-	"[Gmail]/Drafts". Required to use imap-send.
+	"[Gmail]/Drafts". Required.
 
 imap.tunnel::
 	Command used to setup a tunnel to the IMAP server through which
 	commands will be piped instead of using a direct network connection
-	to the server. Required when imap.host is not set to use imap-send.
+	to the server. Required when imap.host is not set.
 
 imap.host::
 	A URL identifying the server. Use a `imap://` prefix for non-secure
 	connections and a `imaps://` prefix for secure connections.
-	Ignored when imap.tunnel is set, but required to use imap-send
-	otherwise.
+	Ignored when imap.tunnel is set, but required otherwise.
 
 imap.user::
 	The username to use when logging in to the server.
@@ -76,7 +97,10 @@ imap.preformattedHTML::
 
 imap.authMethod::
 	Specify authenticate method for authentication with IMAP server.
-	Current supported method is 'CRAM-MD5' only.
+	If Git was built with the NO_CURL option, or if your curl version is older
+	than 7.34.0, or if you're running git-imap-send with the `--no-curl`
+	option, the only supported method is 'CRAM-MD5'. If this is not set
+	then 'git imap-send' uses the basic IMAP plaintext LOGIN command.
 
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
@@ -97,7 +121,7 @@ Using direct mode:
     host = imap://imap.example.com
     user = bob
     pass = p4ssw0rd
-..........................
+.........................
 
 Using direct mode with SSL:
 
@@ -109,7 +133,7 @@ Using direct mode with SSL:
     pass = p4ssw0rd
     port = 123
     sslverify = false
-..........................
+.........................
 
 
 EXAMPLE
diff --git a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
index 909687fed4..7a4e055520 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-index-pack.txt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Reads a packed archive (.pack) from the specified file, and
 builds a pack index file (.idx) for it.  The packed archive
 together with the pack index can then be placed in the
-objects/pack/ directory of a git repository.
+objects/pack/ directory of a Git repository.
 
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	When this flag is provided, the pack is read from stdin
 	instead and a copy is then written to <pack-file>. If
 	<pack-file> is not specified, the pack is written to
-	objects/pack/ directory of the current git repository with
+	objects/pack/ directory of the current Git repository with
 	a default name determined from the pack content.  If
 	<pack-file> is not specified consider using --keep to
 	prevent a race condition between this process and
@@ -74,12 +74,25 @@ OPTIONS
 --strict::
 	Die, if the pack contains broken objects or links.
 
+--check-self-contained-and-connected::
+	Die if the pack contains broken links. For internal use only.
+
+--threads=<n>::
+	Specifies the number of threads to spawn when resolving
+	deltas. This requires that index-pack be compiled with
+	pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a warning.
+	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor
+	machines. The required amount of memory for the delta search
+	window is however multiplied by the number of threads.
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	and use maximum 3 threads.
+
 
 Note
 ----
 
 Once the index has been created, the list of object names is sorted
-and the SHA1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
+and the SHA-1 hash of that list is printed to stdout. If --stdin was
 also used then this is prefixed by either "pack\t", or "keep\t" if a
 new .keep file was successfully created. This is useful to remove a
 .keep file used as a lock to prevent the race with 'git repack'
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
index a21e346789..648a6cd78a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init-db.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-init-db(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-init-db - Creates an empty git repository
+git-init-db - Creates an empty Git repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
diff --git a/Documentation/git-init.txt b/Documentation/git-init.txt
index 9ac2bbaa56..8174d27efd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-init.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-init.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-init(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-init - Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one
+git-init - Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This command creates an empty git repository - basically a `.git`
+This command creates an empty Git repository - basically a `.git`
 directory with subdirectories for `objects`, `refs/heads`,
 `refs/tags`, and template files.  An initial `HEAD` file that
 references the HEAD of the master branch is also created.
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -q::
 --quiet::
 
-Only print error and warning messages, all other output will be suppressed.
+Only print error and warning messages; all other output will be suppressed.
 
 --bare::
 
@@ -57,89 +57,96 @@ DIRECTORY" section below.)
 
 --separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 
-Instead of initializing the repository where it is supposed to be,
-place a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link there, pointing to the
-specified git path, and initialize a git repository at the path. The
-result is git repository can be separated from working tree. If this
-is reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified
-path.
+Instead of initializing the repository as a directory to either `$GIT_DIR` or
+`./.git/`, create a text file there containing the path to the actual
+repository.  This file acts as filesystem-agnostic Git symbolic link to the
+repository.
++
+If this is reinitialization, the repository will be moved to the specified path.
 
 --shared[=(false|true|umask|group|all|world|everybody|0xxx)]::
 
-Specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
+Specify that the Git repository is to be shared amongst several users.  This
 allows users belonging to the same group to push into that
 repository.  When specified, the config variable "core.sharedRepository" is
 set so that files and directories under `$GIT_DIR` are created with the
-requested permissions.  When not specified, git will use permissions reported
+requested permissions.  When not specified, Git will use permissions reported
 by umask(2).
-
++
 The option can have the following values, defaulting to 'group' if no value
 is given:
++
+--
+'umask' (or 'false')::
 
- - 'umask' (or 'false'): Use permissions reported by umask(2). The default,
-   when `--shared` is not specified.
+Use permissions reported by umask(2). The default, when `--shared` is not
+specified.
 
- - 'group' (or 'true'): Make the repository group-writable, (and g+sx, since
-   the git group may be not the primary group of all users).
-   This is used to loosen the permissions of an otherwise safe umask(2) value.
-   Note that the umask still applies to the other permission bits (e.g. if
-   umask is '0022', using 'group' will not remove read privileges from other
-   (non-group) users). See '0xxx' for how to exactly specify the repository
-   permissions.
+'group' (or 'true')::
 
- - 'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody'): Same as 'group', but make the repository
-   readable by all users.
+Make the repository group-writable, (and g+sx, since the git group may be not
+the primary group of all users). This is used to loosen the permissions of an
+otherwise safe umask(2) value. Note that the umask still applies to the other
+permission bits (e.g. if umask is '0022', using 'group' will not remove read
+privileges from other (non-group) users). See '0xxx' for how to exactly specify
+the repository permissions.
 
- - '0xxx': '0xxx' is an octal number and each file will have mode '0xxx'.
-   '0xxx' will override users' umask(2) value (and not only loosen permissions
-   as 'group' and 'all' does). '0640' will create a repository which is
-   group-readable, but not group-writable or accessible to others. '0660' will
-   create a repo that is readable and writable to the current user and group,
-   but inaccessible to others.
+'all' (or 'world' or 'everybody')::
 
-By default, the configuration flag receive.denyNonFastForwards is enabled
+Same as 'group', but make the repository readable by all users.
+
+'0xxx'::
+
+'0xxx' is an octal number and each file will have mode '0xxx'. '0xxx' will
+override users' umask(2) value (and not only loosen permissions as 'group' and
+'all' does). '0640' will create a repository which is group-readable, but not
+group-writable or accessible to others. '0660' will create a repo that is
+readable and writable to the current user and group, but inaccessible to others.
+--
+
+By default, the configuration flag `receive.denyNonFastForwards` is enabled
 in shared repositories, so that you cannot force a non fast-forwarding push
 into it.
 
-If you name a (possibly non-existent) directory at the end of the command
-line, the command is run inside the directory (possibly after creating it).
+If you provide a 'directory', the command is run inside it. If this directory
+does not exist, it will be created.
 
 --
 
-
 TEMPLATE DIRECTORY
 ------------------
 
 The template directory contains files and directories that will be copied to
 the `$GIT_DIR` after it is created.
 
-The template directory used will (in order):
+The template directory will be one of the following (in order):
 
- - The argument given with the `--template` option.
+ - the argument given with the `--template` option;
 
- - The contents of the `$GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR` environment variable.
+ - the contents of the `$GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR` environment variable;
 
- - The `init.templatedir` configuration variable.
+ - the `init.templateDir` configuration variable; or
 
- - The default template directory: `/usr/share/git-core/templates`.
+ - the default template directory: `/usr/share/git-core/templates`.
 
-The default template directory includes some directory structure, some
-suggested "exclude patterns", and copies of sample "hook" files.
-The suggested patterns and hook files are all modifiable and extensible.
+The default template directory includes some directory structure, suggested
+"exclude patterns" (see linkgit:gitignore[5]), and sample hook files (see linkgit:githooks[5]).
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
-Start a new git repository for an existing code base::
+Start a new Git repository for an existing code base::
 +
 ----------------
 $ cd /path/to/my/codebase
 $ git init      <1>
 $ git add .     <2>
+$ git commit    <3>
 ----------------
 +
-<1> prepare /path/to/my/codebase/.git directory
-<2> add all existing file to the index
+<1> Create a /path/to/my/codebase/.git directory.
+<2> Add all existing files to the index.
+<3> Record the pristine state as the first commit in the history.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt b/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
index f3eef510f2..cc75b25022 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-instaweb.txt
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ You may specify configuration in your .git/config
 	httpd = apache2 -f
 	port = 4321
 	browser = konqueror
-	modulepath = /usr/lib/apache2/modules
+	modulePath = /usr/lib/apache2/modules
 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt b/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6d9231b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-interpret-trailers.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+git-interpret-trailers(1)
+=========================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-interpret-trailers - help add structured information into commit messages
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git interpret-trailers' [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Help adding 'trailers' lines, that look similar to RFC 822 e-mail
+headers, at the end of the otherwise free-form part of a commit
+message.
+
+This command reads some patches or commit messages from either the
+<file> arguments or the standard input if no <file> is specified. Then
+this command applies the arguments passed using the `--trailer`
+option, if any, to the commit message part of each input file. The
+result is emitted on the standard output.
+
+Some configuration variables control the way the `--trailer` arguments
+are applied to each commit message and the way any existing trailer in
+the commit message is changed. They also make it possible to
+automatically add some trailers.
+
+By default, a '<token>=<value>' or '<token>:<value>' argument given
+using `--trailer` will be appended after the existing trailers only if
+the last trailer has a different (<token>, <value>) pair (or if there
+is no existing trailer). The <token> and <value> parts will be trimmed
+to remove starting and trailing whitespace, and the resulting trimmed
+<token> and <value> will appear in the message like this:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+token: value
+------------------------------------------------
+
+This means that the trimmed <token> and <value> will be separated by
+`': '` (one colon followed by one space).
+
+By default the new trailer will appear at the end of all the existing
+trailers. If there is no existing trailer, the new trailer will appear
+after the commit message part of the output, and, if there is no line
+with only spaces at the end of the commit message part, one blank line
+will be added before the new trailer.
+
+Existing trailers are extracted from the input message by looking for
+a group of one or more lines that contain a colon (by default), where
+the group is preceded by one or more empty (or whitespace-only) lines.
+The group must either be at the end of the message or be the last
+non-whitespace lines before a line that starts with '---'. Such three
+minus signs start the patch part of the message.
+
+When reading trailers, there can be whitespaces before and after the
+token, the separator and the value. There can also be whitespaces
+inside the token and the value.
+
+Note that 'trailers' do not follow and are not intended to follow many
+rules for RFC 822 headers. For example they do not follow the line
+folding rules, the encoding rules and probably many other rules.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+--trim-empty::
+	If the <value> part of any trailer contains only whitespace,
+	the whole trailer will be removed from the resulting message.
+	This apply to existing trailers as well as new trailers.
+
+--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>]::
+	Specify a (<token>, <value>) pair that should be applied as a
+	trailer to the input messages. See the description of this
+	command.
+
+CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+-----------------------
+
+trailer.separators::
+	This option tells which characters are recognized as trailer
+	separators. By default only ':' is recognized as a trailer
+	separator, except that '=' is always accepted on the command
+	line for compatibility with other git commands.
++
+The first character given by this option will be the default character
+used when another separator is not specified in the config for this
+trailer.
++
+For example, if the value for this option is "%=$", then only lines
+using the format '<token><sep><value>' with <sep> containing '%', '='
+or '$' and then spaces will be considered trailers. And '%' will be
+the default separator used, so by default trailers will appear like:
+'<token>% <value>' (one percent sign and one space will appear between
+the token and the value).
+
+trailer.where::
+	This option tells where a new trailer will be added.
++
+This can be `end`, which is the default, `start`, `after` or `before`.
++
+If it is `end`, then each new trailer will appear at the end of the
+existing trailers.
++
+If it is `start`, then each new trailer will appear at the start,
+instead of the end, of the existing trailers.
++
+If it is `after`, then each new trailer will appear just after the
+last trailer with the same <token>.
++
+If it is `before`, then each new trailer will appear just before the
+first trailer with the same <token>.
+
+trailer.ifexists::
+	This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
+	performed when there is already at least one trailer with the
+	same <token> in the message.
++
+The valid values for this option are: `addIfDifferentNeighbor` (this
+is the default), `addIfDifferent`, `add`, `overwrite` or `doNothing`.
++
+With `addIfDifferentNeighbor`, a new trailer will be added only if no
+trailer with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is above or below the line
+where the new trailer will be added.
++
+With `addIfDifferent`, a new trailer will be added only if no trailer
+with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is already in the message.
++
+With `add`, a new trailer will be added, even if some trailers with
+the same (<token>, <value>) pair are already in the message.
++
+With `replace`, an existing trailer with the same <token> will be
+deleted and the new trailer will be added. The deleted trailer will be
+the closest one (with the same <token>) to the place where the new one
+will be added.
++
+With `doNothing`, nothing will be done; that is no new trailer will be
+added if there is already one with the same <token> in the message.
+
+trailer.ifmissing::
+	This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
+	performed when there is not yet any trailer with the same
+	<token> in the message.
++
+The valid values for this option are: `add` (this is the default) and
+`doNothing`.
++
+With `add`, a new trailer will be added.
++
+With `doNothing`, nothing will be done.
+
+trailer.<token>.key::
+	This `key` will be used instead of <token> in the trailer. At
+	the end of this key, a separator can appear and then some
+	space characters. By default the only valid separator is ':',
+	but this can be changed using the `trailer.separators` config
+	variable.
++
+If there is a separator, then the key will be used instead of both the
+<token> and the default separator when adding the trailer.
+
+trailer.<token>.where::
+	This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.where'
+	configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
+	that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
+
+trailer.<token>.ifexist::
+	This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifexist'
+	configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
+	that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
+
+trailer.<token>.ifmissing::
+	This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifmissing'
+	configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
+	that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
+
+trailer.<token>.command::
+	This option can be used to specify a shell command that will
+	be called to automatically add or modify a trailer with the
+	specified <token>.
++
+When this option is specified, the behavior is as if a special
+'<token>=<value>' argument were added at the beginning of the command
+line, where <value> is taken to be the standard output of the
+specified command with any leading and trailing whitespace trimmed
+off.
++
+If the command contains the `$ARG` string, this string will be
+replaced with the <value> part of an existing trailer with the same
+<token>, if any, before the command is launched.
++
+If some '<token>=<value>' arguments are also passed on the command
+line, when a 'trailer.<token>.command' is configured, the command will
+also be executed for each of these arguments. And the <value> part of
+these arguments, if any, will be used to replace the `$ARG` string in
+the command.
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Configure a 'sign' trailer with a 'Signed-off-by' key, and then
+  add two of these trailers to a message:
++
+------------
+$ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by"
+$ cat msg.txt
+subject
+
+message
+$ cat msg.txt | git interpret-trailers --trailer 'sign: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'sign: Bob <bob@example.com>'
+subject
+
+message
+
+Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
+------------
+
+* Extract the last commit as a patch, and add a 'Cc' and a
+  'Reviewed-by' trailer to it:
++
+------------
+$ git format-patch -1
+0001-foo.patch
+$ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Cc: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'Reviewed-by: Bob <bob@example.com>' 0001-foo.patch >0001-bar.patch
+------------
+
+* Configure a 'sign' trailer with a command to automatically add a
+  'Signed-off-by: ' with the author information only if there is no
+  'Signed-off-by: ' already, and show how it works:
++
+------------
+$ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: "
+$ git config trailer.sign.ifmissing add
+$ git config trailer.sign.ifexists doNothing
+$ git config trailer.sign.command 'echo "$(git config user.name) <$(git config user.email)>"'
+$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
+> EOF
+
+Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
+$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
+> Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
+> EOF
+
+Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
+------------
+
+* Configure a 'fix' trailer with a key that contains a '#' and no
+  space after this character, and show how it works:
++
+------------
+$ git config trailer.separators ":#"
+$ git config trailer.fix.key "Fix #"
+$ echo "subject" | git interpret-trailers --trailer fix=42
+subject
+
+Fix #42
+------------
+
+* Configure a 'see' trailer with a command to show the subject of a
+  commit that is related, and show how it works:
++
+------------
+$ git config trailer.see.key "See-also: "
+$ git config trailer.see.ifExists "replace"
+$ git config trailer.see.ifMissing "doNothing"
+$ git config trailer.see.command "git log -1 --oneline --format=\"%h (%s)\" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 \$ARG"
+$ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
+> subject
+> 
+> message
+> 
+> see: HEAD~2
+> EOF
+subject
+
+message
+
+See-also: fe3187489d69c4 (subject of related commit)
+------------
+
+* Configure a commit template with some trailers with empty values
+  (using sed to show and keep the trailing spaces at the end of the
+  trailers), then configure a commit-msg hook that uses
+  'git interpret-trailers' to remove trailers with empty values and
+  to add a 'git-version' trailer:
++
+------------
+$ sed -e 's/ Z$/ /' >commit_template.txt <<EOF
+> ***subject***
+> 
+> ***message***
+> 
+> Fixes: Z
+> Cc: Z
+> Reviewed-by: Z
+> Signed-off-by: Z
+> EOF
+$ git config commit.template commit_template.txt
+$ cat >.git/hooks/commit-msg <<EOF
+> #!/bin/sh
+> git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "git-version: \$(git describe)" "\$1" > "\$1.new"
+> mv "\$1.new" "\$1"
+> EOF
+$ chmod +x .git/hooks/commit-msg
+------------
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:git-commit[1], linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-log.txt b/Documentation/git-log.txt
index 249fc878ec..18bc716a0c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-log.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-log.txt
@@ -9,32 +9,21 @@ git-log - Show commit logs
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git log' [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[\--] <path>...]
+'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Shows the commit logs.
 
-The command takes options applicable to the 'git rev-list'
+The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list`
 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
-the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the changes
+the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes
 each commit introduces are shown.
 
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
--<n>::
-	Limits the number of commits to show.
-	Note that this is a commit limiting option, see below.
-
-<since>..<until>::
-	Show only commits between the named two commits.  When
-	either <since> or <until> is omitted, it defaults to
-	`HEAD`, i.e. the tip of the current branch.
-	For a more complete list of ways to spell <since>
-	and <until>, see linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
-
 --follow::
 	Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
 	(works only for a single file).
@@ -51,37 +40,61 @@ OPTIONS
 	Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
 	commit was reached.
 
+--use-mailmap::
+	Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
+	addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
+	linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+
 --full-diff::
-	Without this flag, "git log -p <path>..." shows commits that
+	Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
 	touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
 	paths.  With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
 	the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
 	commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
 +
 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
-produced by --stat etc.
+produced by `--stat`, etc.
 
 --log-size::
-	Before the log message print out its size in bytes. Intended
-	mainly for porcelain tools consumption. If git is unable to
-	produce a valid value size is set to zero.
-	Note that only message is considered, if also a diff is shown
-	its size is not included.
+	Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
+	where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
+	Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
+	output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
+
+-L <start>,<end>:<file>::
+-L :<regex>:<file>::
+	Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
+	(or the funcname regex <regex>) within the <file>.  You may
+	not give any pathspec limiters.  This is currently limited to
+	a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
+	give zero or one positive revision arguments.
+	You can specify this option more than once.
++
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
+
+<revision range>::
+	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
+	<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
+	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+	ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
+	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 
 [\--] <path>...::
 	Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
-	that match the specified paths came to be.  See "History
-	Simplification" below for details and other simplification
+	that match the specified paths came to be.  See 'History
+	Simplification' below for details and other simplification
 	modes.
 +
-To prevent confusion with options and branch names, paths may need to
-be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from options or refnames.
+Paths may need to be prefixed with ``\-- '' to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
 
 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
-Common diff options
+COMMON DIFF OPTIONS
 -------------------
 
 :git-log: 1
@@ -89,7 +102,7 @@ include::diff-options.txt[]
 
 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
 
-Examples
+EXAMPLES
 --------
 `git log --no-merges`::
 
@@ -98,12 +111,12 @@ Examples
 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
 
 	Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
-	in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
+	in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
 
-`git log --since="2 weeks ago" \-- gitk`::
+`git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
 
 	Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
-	The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
+	The ``--'' is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
 	'gitk'
 
 `git log --name-status release..test`::
@@ -112,9 +125,9 @@ Examples
 	in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
 	each commit modifies.
 
-`git log --follow builtin-rev-list.c`::
+`git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
 
-	Shows the commits that changed builtin-rev-list.c, including
+	Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
 	those commits that occurred before the file was given its
 	present name.
 
@@ -132,30 +145,38 @@ Examples
 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
 
 	Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
-	"main branch" perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
+	``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
 	branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
 	This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
 	topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
 
+`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
+
+	Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
+	over time.
+
+`git log -3`::
+
+	Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
 
-Discussion
+DISCUSSION
 ----------
 
 include::i18n.txt[]
 
-Configuration
+CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
 for settings related to diff generation.
 
 format.pretty::
-	Default for the `--format` option.  (See "PRETTY FORMATS" above.)
-	Defaults to "medium".
+	Default for the `--format` option.  (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
+	Defaults to `medium`.
 
 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
-	Encoding to use when displaying logs.  (See "Discussion", above.)
-	Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, UTF-8
+	Encoding to use when displaying logs.  (See 'Discussion' above.)
+	Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
 	otherwise.
 
 log.date::
@@ -163,19 +184,19 @@ log.date::
 	`--date` option.)  Defaults to "default", which means to write
 	dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
 
-log.showroot::
-	If `false`, 'git log' and related commands will not treat the
+log.showRoot::
+	If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
 	initial commit as a big creation event.  Any root commits in
 	`git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
 	The default is `true`.
 
-mailmap.file::
+mailmap.*::
 	See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
 
 notes.displayRef::
 	Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
 	or 'GIT_NOTES_REF', to read notes from when showing commit
-	messages with the 'log' family of commands.  See
+	messages with the `log` family of commands.  See
 	linkgit:git-notes[1].
 +
 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
diff --git a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt b/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index c406a11001..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/git-lost-found.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-git-lost-found(1)
-=================
-
-NAME
-----
-git-lost-found - Recover lost refs that luckily have not yet been pruned
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-'git lost-found'
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-
-*NOTE*: this command is deprecated.  Use linkgit:git-fsck[1] with
-the option '--lost-found' instead.
-
-Finds dangling commits and tags from the object database, and
-creates refs to them in the .git/lost-found/ directory.  Commits and
-tags that dereference to commits are stored in .git/lost-found/commit,
-and other objects are stored in .git/lost-found/other.
-
-
-OUTPUT
-------
-Prints to standard output the object names and one-line descriptions
-of any commits or tags found.
-
-EXAMPLE
--------
-
-Suppose you run 'git tag -f' and mistype the tag to overwrite.
-The ref to your tag is overwritten, but until you run 'git
-prune', the tag itself is still there.
-
-------------
-$ git lost-found
-[1ef2b196d909eed523d4f3c9bf54b78cdd6843c6] GIT 0.99.9c
-...
-------------
-
-Also you can use gitk to browse how any tags found relate to each
-other.
-
-------------
-$ gitk $(cd .git/lost-found/commit && echo ??*)
-------------
-
-After making sure you know which the object is the tag you are looking
-for, you can reconnect it to your regular .git/refs hierarchy.
-
-------------
-$ git cat-file -t 1ef2b196
-tag
-$ git cat-file tag 1ef2b196
-object fa41bbce8e38c67a218415de6cfa510c7e50032a
-type commit
-tag v0.99.9c
-tagger Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> 1131059594 -0800
-
-GIT 0.99.9c
-
-This contains the following changes from the "master" branch, since
-...
-$ git update-ref refs/tags/not-lost-anymore 1ef2b196
-$ git rev-parse not-lost-anymore
-1ef2b196d909eed523d4f3c9bf54b78cdd6843c6
-------------
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
index 4b28292811..e26f01fb1d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-files.txt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	directory and its subdirectories in <file>.
 
 --exclude-standard::
-	Add the standard git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
+	Add the standard Git exclusions: .git/info/exclude, .gitignore
 	in each directory, and the user's global exclusion file.
 
 --error-unmatch::
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ which case it outputs:
 'git ls-files --unmerged' and 'git ls-files --stage' can be used to examine
 detailed information on unmerged paths.
 
-For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA1 pair,
+For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA-1 pair,
 the index records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in stage
 1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3.  This information can be used by
 the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually be recorded at the
@@ -185,15 +185,15 @@ specifies the format of exclude patterns.
 
 These exclude patterns come from these places, in order:
 
-  1. The command line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a
+  1. The command-line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a
      single pattern.  Patterns are ordered in the same order
      they appear in the command line.
 
-  2. The command line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a
+  2. The command-line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a
      file containing a list of patterns.  Patterns are ordered
      in the same order they appear in the file.
 
-  3. The command line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies
+  3. The command-line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies
      a name of the file in each directory 'git ls-files'
      examines, normally `.gitignore`.  Files in deeper
      directories take precedence.  Patterns are ordered in the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
index 7a9b86a58a..2e22915eb8 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-ls-remote.txt
@@ -42,10 +42,15 @@ OPTIONS
 	it successfully talked with the remote repository, whether it
 	found any matching refs.
 
+--get-url::
+	Expand the URL of the given remote repository taking into account any
+	"url.<base>.insteadOf" config setting (See linkgit:git-config[1]) and
+	exit without talking to the remote.
+
 <repository>::
-	Location of the repository.  The shorthand defined in
-	$GIT_DIR/branches/ can be used. Use "." (dot) to list references in
-	the local repository.
+	The "remote" repository to query.  This parameter can be
+	either a URL or the name of a remote (see the GIT URLS and
+	REMOTES sections of linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
 
 <refs>...::
 	When unspecified, all references, after filtering done
@@ -65,9 +70,8 @@ EXAMPLES
 	$ git ls-remote http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git master pu rc
 	5fe978a5381f1fbad26a80e682ddd2a401966740	refs/heads/master
 	c781a84b5204fb294c9ccc79f8b3baceeb32c061	refs/heads/pu
-	b1d096f2926c4e37c9c0b6a7bf2119bedaa277cb	refs/heads/rc
-	$ echo http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git >.git/branches/public
-	$ git ls-remote --tags public v\*
+	$ git remote add korg http://www.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
+	$ git ls-remote --tags korg v\*
 	d6602ec5194c87b0fc87103ca4d67251c76f233a	refs/tags/v0.99
 	f25a265a342aed6041ab0cc484224d9ca54b6f41	refs/tags/v0.99.1
 	c5db5456ae3b0873fc659c19fafdde22313cc441	refs/tags/v0.99.2
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
index 97e7a8e9e7..0947084140 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mailinfo.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-mailinfo - Extracts patch and authorship from a single e-mail message
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors] <msg> <patch>
+'git mailinfo' [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--[no-]scissors] <msg> <patch>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ conversion, even with this flag.
 -n::
 	Disable all charset re-coding of the metadata.
 
+-m::
+--message-id::
+	Copy the Message-ID header at the end of the commit message.  This
+	is useful in order to associate commits with mailing list discussions.
+
 --scissors::
 	Remove everything in body before a scissors line.  A line that
 	mainly consists of scissors (either ">8" or "8<") and perforation
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
index b295bf8330..808426faac 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-base.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git merge-base' [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>...
 'git merge-base' [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>...
+'git merge-base' --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>
 'git merge-base' --independent <commit>...
+'git merge-base' --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -23,8 +25,8 @@ that does not have any better common ancestor is a 'best common
 ancestor', i.e. a 'merge base'.  Note that there can be more than one
 merge base for a pair of commits.
 
-OPERATION MODE
---------------
+OPERATION MODES
+---------------
 
 As the most common special case, specifying only two commits on the
 command line means computing the merge base between the given two commits.
@@ -50,6 +52,20 @@ from linkgit:git-show-branch[1] when used with the `--merge-base` option.
 	from any other.  This mimics the behavior of 'git show-branch
 	--independent'.
 
+--is-ancestor::
+	Check if the first <commit> is an ancestor of the second <commit>,
+	and exit with status 0 if true, or with status 1 if not.
+	Errors are signaled by a non-zero status that is not 1.
+
+--fork-point::
+	Find the point at which a branch (or any history that leads
+	to <commit>) forked from another branch (or any reference)
+	<ref>. This does not just look for the common ancestor of
+	the two commits, but also takes into account the reflog of
+	<ref> to see if the history leading to <commit> forked from
+	an earlier incarnation of the branch <ref> (see discussion
+	on this mode below).
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -a::
@@ -110,6 +126,52 @@ both '1' and '2' are merge-bases of A and B.  Neither one is better than
 the other (both are 'best' merge bases).  When the `--all` option is not given,
 it is unspecified which best one is output.
 
+A common idiom to check "fast-forward-ness" between two commits A
+and B is (or at least used to be) to compute the merge base between
+A and B, and check if it is the same as A, in which case, A is an
+ancestor of B.  You will see this idiom used often in older scripts.
+
+	A=$(git rev-parse --verify A)
+	if test "$A" = "$(git merge-base A B)"
+	then
+		... A is an ancestor of B ...
+	fi
+
+In modern git, you can say this in a more direct way:
+
+	if git merge-base --is-ancestor A B
+	then
+		... A is an ancestor of B ...
+	fi
+
+instead.
+
+Discussion on fork-point mode
+-----------------------------
+
+After working on the `topic` branch created with `git checkout -b
+topic origin/master`, the history of remote-tracking branch
+`origin/master` may have been rewound and rebuilt, leading to a
+history of this shape:
+
+			 o---B1
+			/
+	---o---o---B2--o---o---o---B (origin/master)
+		\
+		 B3
+		  \
+		   Derived (topic)
+
+where `origin/master` used to point at commits B3, B2, B1 and now it
+points at B, and your `topic` branch was started on top of it back
+when `origin/master` was at B3. This mode uses the reflog of
+`origin/master` to find B3 as the fork point, so that the `topic`
+can be rebased on top of the updated `origin/master` by:
+
+    $ fork_point=$(git merge-base --fork-point origin/master topic)
+    $ git rebase --onto origin/master $fork_point topic
+
+
 See also
 --------
 linkgit:git-rev-list[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
index d7db2a3737..d2fc12ec77 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-file.txt
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 [verse]
 'git merge-file' [-L <current-name> [-L <base-name> [-L <other-name>]]]
 	[--ours|--theirs|--union] [-p|--stdout] [-q|--quiet] [--marker-size=<n>]
-	<current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
+	[--[no-]diff3] <current-file> <base-file> <other-file>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ OPTIONS
 -q::
 	Quiet; do not warn about conflicts.
 
+--diff3::
+	Show conflicts in "diff3" style.
+
 --ours::
 --theirs::
 --union::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
index e0df1b3340..02676fb391 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-index.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This looks up the <file>(s) in the index and, if there are any merge
-entries, passes the SHA1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
+entries, passes the SHA-1 hash for those files as arguments 1, 2, 3 (empty
 argument if no file), and <file> as argument 4.  File modes for the three
 files are passed as arguments 5, 6 and 7.
 
@@ -41,13 +41,13 @@ If 'git merge-index' is called with multiple <file>s (or -a) then it
 processes them in turn only stopping if merge returns a non-zero exit
 code.
 
-Typically this is run with a script calling git's imitation of
+Typically this is run with a script calling Git's imitation of
 the 'merge' command from the RCS package.
 
 A sample script called 'git merge-one-file' is included in the
 distribution.
 
-ALERT ALERT ALERT! The git "merge object order" is different from the
+ALERT ALERT ALERT! The Git "merge object order" is different from the
 RCS 'merge' program merge object order. In the above ordering, the
 original is first. But the argument order to the 3-way merge program
 'merge' is to have the original in the middle. Don't ask me why.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
index c5f84b6495..58731c1942 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge-tree.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads three treeish, and output trivial merge results and
+Reads three tree-ish, and output trivial merge results and
 conflicting stages to the standard output.  This is similar to
 what three-way 'git read-tree -m' does, but instead of storing the
 results in the index, the command outputs the entries to the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
index 3ceefb8a1f..1f94908e3c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git merge' [-n] [--stat] [--no-commit] [--squash] [--[no-]edit]
-	[-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>]
+	[-s <strategy>] [-X <strategy-option>] [-S[<key-id>]]
 	[--[no-]rerere-autoupdate] [-m <msg>] [<commit>...]
 'git merge' <msg> HEAD <commit>...
 'git merge' --abort
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ especially if those changes were further modified after the merge
 was started), 'git merge --abort' will in some cases be unable to
 reconstruct the original (pre-merge) changes. Therefore:
 
-*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with uncommitted changes is
-discouraged: while possible, it leaves you in a state that is hard to
+*Warning*: Running 'git merge' with non-trivial uncommitted changes is
+discouraged: while possible, it may leave you in a state that is hard to
 back out of in the case of a conflict.
 
 
@@ -65,6 +65,10 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 include::merge-options.txt[]
 
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign the resulting merge commit.
+
 -m <msg>::
 	Set the commit message to be used for the merge commit (in
 	case one is created).
@@ -76,8 +80,7 @@ The 'git fmt-merge-msg' command can be
 used to give a good default for automated 'git merge'
 invocations.
 
---rerere-autoupdate::
---no-rerere-autoupdate::
+--[no-]rerere-autoupdate::
 	Allow the rerere mechanism to update the index with the
 	result of auto-conflict resolution if possible.
 
@@ -98,9 +101,8 @@ commit or stash your changes before running 'git merge'.
 	Specifying more than one commit will create a merge with
 	more than two parents (affectionately called an Octopus merge).
 +
-If no commit is given from the command line, and if `merge.defaultToUpstream`
-configuration variable is set, merge the remote tracking branches
-that the current branch is configured to use as its upstream.
+If no commit is given from the command line, merge the remote-tracking
+branches that the current branch is configured to use as its upstream.
 See also the configuration section of this manual page.
 
 
@@ -170,6 +172,30 @@ happens:
 If you tried a merge which resulted in complex conflicts and
 want to start over, you can recover with `git merge --abort`.
 
+MERGING TAG
+-----------
+
+When merging an annotated (and possibly signed) tag, Git always
+creates a merge commit even if a fast-forward merge is possible, and
+the commit message template is prepared with the tag message.
+Additionally, if the tag is signed, the signature check is reported
+as a comment in the message template. See also linkgit:git-tag[1].
+
+When you want to just integrate with the work leading to the commit
+that happens to be tagged, e.g. synchronizing with an upstream
+release point, you may not want to make an unnecessary merge commit.
+
+In such a case, you can "unwrap" the tag yourself before feeding it
+to `git merge`, or pass `--ff-only` when you do not have any work on
+your own. e.g.
+
+----
+git fetch origin
+git merge v1.2.3^0
+git merge --ff-only v1.2.3
+----
+
+
 HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED
 ---------------------------
 
@@ -178,10 +204,10 @@ of the merge.  Among the changes made to the common ancestor's version,
 non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file while the
 other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the
 final result verbatim.  When both sides made changes to the same area,
-however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
+however, Git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to
 resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area.
 
-By default, git uses the same style as that is used by "merge" program
+By default, Git uses the same style as the one used by the "merge" program
 from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this:
 
 ------------
@@ -206,7 +232,7 @@ Barbie's remark on your side.  The only thing you can tell is that your
 side wants to say it is hard and you'd prefer to go shopping, while the
 other side wants to claim it is easy.
 
-An alternative style can be used by setting the "merge.conflictstyle"
+An alternative style can be used by setting the "merge.conflictStyle"
 configuration variable to "diff3".  In "diff3" style, the above conflict
 may look like this:
 
@@ -303,7 +329,7 @@ CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 include::merge-config.txt[]
 
-branch.<name>.mergeoptions::
+branch.<name>.mergeOptions::
 	Sets default options for merging into branch <name>. The syntax and
 	supported options are the same as those of 'git merge', but option
 	values containing whitespace characters are currently not supported.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
index f98a41b87c..055550b2bc 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool--lib.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-mergetool{litdd}lib(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-mergetool--lib - Common git merge tool shell scriptlets
+git-mergetool--lib - Common Git merge tool shell scriptlets
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Porcelain-ish scripts and/or are writing new ones.
 
 The 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
 `.`) by other shell scripts to set up functions for working
-with git merge tools.
+with Git merge tools.
 
 Before sourcing 'git-mergetool{litdd}lib', your script must set `TOOL_MODE`
 to define the operation mode for the functions listed below.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
index 2a49de7cfe..e846c2ed7f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mergetool.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-mergetool - Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [<file>...]
+'git mergetool' [--tool=<tool>] [-y | --[no-]prompt] [<file>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ OPTIONS
 -t <tool>::
 --tool=<tool>::
 	Use the merge resolution program specified by <tool>.
-	Valid merge tools are:
-	araxis, bc3, diffuse, ecmerge, emerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3,
-	meld, opendiff, p4merge, tkdiff, tortoisemerge, vimdiff and xxdiff.
+	Valid values include emerge, gvimdiff, kdiff3,
+	meld, vimdiff, and tortoisemerge. Run `git mergetool --tool-help`
+	for the list of valid <tool> settings.
 +
 If a merge resolution program is not specified, 'git mergetool'
 will use the configuration variable `merge.tool`.  If the
@@ -64,15 +64,20 @@ variable `mergetool.<tool>.trustExitCode` can be set to `true`.
 Otherwise, 'git mergetool' will prompt the user to indicate the
 success of the resolution after the custom tool has exited.
 
+--tool-help::
+	Print a list of merge tools that may be used with `--tool`.
+
 -y::
 --no-prompt::
 	Don't prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution
 	program.
+	This is the default if the merge resolution program is
+	explicitly specified with the `--tool` option or with the
+	`merge.tool` configuration variable.
 
 --prompt::
-	Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program.
-	This is the default behaviour; the option is provided to
-	override any configuration settings.
+	Prompt before each invocation of the merge resolution program
+	to give the user a chance to skip the path.
 
 TEMPORARY FILES
 ---------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
index 65e167a5c5..3ca158b05e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mktag.txt
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ A tag signature file has a very simple fixed format: four lines of
   tagger <tagger>
 
 followed by some 'optional' free-form message (some tags created
-by older git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
+by older Git may not have `tagger` line).  The message, when
 exists, is separated by a blank line from the header.  The
-message part may contain a signature that git itself doesn't
+message part may contain a signature that Git itself doesn't
 care about, but that can be verified with gpg.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-mv.txt b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
index e3c8448614..e4531325cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-mv.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-mv.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This script is used to move or rename a file, directory or symlink.
+Move or rename a file, directory or symlink.
 
  git mv [-v] [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> <destination>
  git mv [-v] [-f] [-n] [-k] <source> ... <destination directory>
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -k::
         Skip move or rename actions which would lead to an error
 	condition. An error happens when a source is neither existing nor
-        controlled by GIT, or when it would overwrite an existing
+	controlled by Git, or when it would overwrite an existing
         file unless '-f' is given.
 -n::
 --dry-run::
@@ -44,6 +44,26 @@ OPTIONS
 --verbose::
 	Report the names of files as they are moved.
 
+SUBMODULES
+----------
+Moving a submodule using a gitfile (which means they were cloned
+with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will update the gitfile and
+core.worktree setting to make the submodule work in the new location.
+It also will attempt to update the submodule.<name>.path setting in
+the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and stage that file (unless -n is used).
+
+BUGS
+----
+Each time a superproject update moves a populated submodule (e.g. when
+switching between commits before and after the move) a stale submodule
+checkout will remain in the old location and an empty directory will
+appear in the new location. To populate the submodule again in the new
+location the user will have to run "git submodule update"
+afterwards. Removing the old directory is only safe when it uses a
+gitfile, as otherwise the history of the submodule will be deleted
+too. Both steps will be obsolete when recursive submodule update has
+been implemented.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
index ad1d1468c9..ca28fb8e2a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-name-rev.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git name-rev' [--tags] [--refs=<pattern>]
-	       ( --all | --stdin | <committish>... )
+	       ( --all | --stdin | <commit-ish>... )
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -25,14 +25,17 @@ OPTIONS
 	Do not use branch names, but only tags to name the commits
 
 --refs=<pattern>::
-	Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern.
+	Only use refs whose names match a given shell pattern.  The pattern
+	can be one of branch name, tag name or fully qualified ref name.
 
 --all::
 	List all commits reachable from all refs
 
 --stdin::
-	Read from stdin, append "(<rev_name>)" to all sha1's of nameable
-	commits, and pass to stdout
+	Transform stdin by substituting all the 40-character SHA-1
+	hexes (say $hex) with "$hex ($rev_name)".  When used with
+	--name-only, substitute with "$rev_name", omitting $hex
+	altogether.  Intended for the scripter's use.
 
 --name-only::
 	Instead of printing both the SHA-1 and the name, print only
diff --git a/Documentation/git-notes.txt b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
index e8319eac69..851518d531 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-notes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-notes.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git notes' [list [<object>]]
-'git notes' add [-f] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
+'git notes' add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
 'git notes' copy [-f] ( --stdin | <from-object> <to-object> )
-'git notes' append [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
-'git notes' edit [<object>]
+'git notes' append [--allow-empty] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
+'git notes' edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]
 'git notes' show [<object>]
-'git notes' merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>
+'git notes' merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes-ref>
 'git notes' merge --commit [-v | -q]
 'git notes' merge --abort [-v | -q]
 'git notes' remove [--ignore-missing] [--stdin] [<object>...]
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ message stored in the commit object, the notes are indented like the
 message, after an unindented line saying "Notes (<refname>):" (or
 "Notes:" for `refs/notes/commits`).
 
+Notes can also be added to patches prepared with `git format-patch` by
+using the `--notes` option. Such notes are added as a patch commentary
+after a three dash separator line.
+
 To change which notes are shown by 'git log', see the
 "notes.displayRef" configuration in linkgit:git-log[1].
 
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ copy::
 	second object). This subcommand is equivalent to:
 	`git notes add [-f] -C $(git notes list <from-object>) <to-object>`
 +
-In `\--stdin` mode, take lines in the format
+In `--stdin` mode, take lines in the format
 +
 ----------
 <from-object> SP <to-object> [ SP <rest> ] LF
@@ -151,6 +155,10 @@ OPTIONS
 	Like '-C', but with '-c' the editor is invoked, so that
 	the user can further edit the note message.
 
+--allow-empty::
+	Allow an empty note object to be stored. The default behavior is
+	to automatically remove empty notes.
+
 --ref <ref>::
 	Manipulate the notes tree in <ref>.  This overrides
 	'GIT_NOTES_REF' and the "core.notesRef" configuration.  The ref
@@ -283,7 +291,7 @@ arbitrary files using 'git hash-object':
 ------------
 $ cc *.c
 $ blob=$(git hash-object -w a.out)
-$ git notes --ref=built add -C "$blob" HEAD
+$ git notes --ref=built add --allow-empty -C "$blob" HEAD
 ------------
 
 (You cannot simply use `git notes --ref=built add -F a.out HEAD`
@@ -371,16 +379,6 @@ does not match any refs is silently ignored.
 If not set in the environment, the list of notes to copy depends
 on the `notes.rewrite.<command>` and `notes.rewriteRef` settings.
 
-
-Author
-------
-Written by Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> and
-Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
-
-Documentation
--------------
-Documentation by Johannes Schindelin and Johan Herland
-
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-p4.txt b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
index b7c7929716..a1664b9f68 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-p4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-p4.txt
@@ -18,33 +18,26 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This command provides a way to interact with p4 repositories
-using git.
+using Git.
 
-Create a new git repository from an existing p4 repository using
+Create a new Git repository from an existing p4 repository using
 'git p4 clone', giving it one or more p4 depot paths.  Incorporate
 new commits from p4 changes with 'git p4 sync'.  The 'sync' command
 is also used to include new branches from other p4 depot paths.
-Submit git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'.  The command
+Submit Git changes back to p4 using 'git p4 submit'.  The command
 'git p4 rebase' does a sync plus rebases the current branch onto
 the updated p4 remote branch.
 
 
 EXAMPLE
 -------
-* Create an alias for 'git p4', using the full path to the 'git-p4'
-  script if needed:
-+
-------------
-$ git config --global alias.p4 '!git-p4'
-------------
-
 * Clone a repository:
 +
 ------------
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
 ------------
 
-* Do some work in the newly created git repository:
+* Do some work in the newly created Git repository:
 +
 ------------
 $ cd project
@@ -52,7 +45,7 @@ $ vi foo.h
 $ git commit -a -m "edited foo.h"
 ------------
 
-* Update the git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your
+* Update the Git repository with recent changes from p4, rebasing your
   work on top:
 +
 ------------
@@ -71,21 +64,21 @@ COMMANDS
 
 Clone
 ~~~~~
-Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new git directory
+Generally, 'git p4 clone' is used to create a new Git directory
 from an existing p4 repository:
 ------------
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project
 ------------
 This:
 
-1.   Creates an empty git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'.
+1.   Creates an empty Git repository in a subdirectory called 'project'.
 +
 2.   Imports the full contents of the head revision from the given p4
-depot path into a single commit in the git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'.
+depot path into a single commit in the Git branch 'refs/remotes/p4/master'.
 +
 3.   Creates a local branch, 'master' from this remote and checks it out.
 
-To reproduce the entire p4 history in git, use the '@all' modifier on
+To reproduce the entire p4 history in Git, use the '@all' modifier on
 the depot path:
 ------------
 $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project@all
@@ -95,13 +88,13 @@ $ git p4 clone //depot/path/project@all
 Sync
 ~~~~
 As development continues in the p4 repository, those changes can
-be included in the git repository using:
+be included in the Git repository using:
 ------------
 $ git p4 sync
 ------------
-This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as git commits.
+This command finds new changes in p4 and imports them as Git commits.
 
-P4 repositories can be added to an existing git repository using
+P4 repositories can be added to an existing Git repository using
 'git p4 sync' too:
 ------------
 $ mkdir repo-git
@@ -110,14 +103,19 @@ $ git init
 $ git p4 sync //path/in/your/perforce/depot
 ------------
 This imports the specified depot into
-'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing git repository.  The
+'refs/remotes/p4/master' in an existing Git repository.  The
 '--branch' option can be used to specify a different branch to
 be used for the p4 content.
 
-If a git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these
+If a Git repository includes branches 'refs/remotes/origin/p4', these
 will be fetched and consulted first during a 'git p4 sync'.  Since
 importing directly from p4 is considerably slower than pulling changes
-from a git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.
+from a Git remote, this can be useful in a multi-developer environment.
+
+If there are multiple branches, doing 'git p4 sync' will automatically
+use the "BRANCH DETECTION" algorithm to try to partition new changes
+into the right branch.  This can be overridden with the '--branch'
+option to specify just a single branch to update.
 
 
 Rebase
@@ -134,13 +132,13 @@ $ git p4 rebase
 
 Submit
 ~~~~~~
-Submitting changes from a git repository back to the p4 repository
+Submitting changes from a Git repository back to the p4 repository
 requires a separate p4 client workspace.  This should be specified
-using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the git configuration
+using the 'P4CLIENT' environment variable or the Git configuration
 variable 'git-p4.client'.  The p4 client must exist, but the client root
 will be created and populated if it does not already exist.
 
-To submit all changes that are in the current git branch but not in
+To submit all changes that are in the current Git branch but not in
 the 'p4/master' branch, use:
 ------------
 $ git p4 submit
@@ -156,7 +154,7 @@ be overridden using the '--origin=' command-line option.
 
 The p4 changes will be created as the user invoking 'git p4 submit'. The
 '--preserve-user' option will cause ownership to be modified
-according to the author of the git commit.  This option requires admin
+according to the author of the Git commit.  This option requires admin
 privileges in p4, which can be granted using 'p4 protect'.
 
 
@@ -165,24 +163,34 @@ OPTIONS
 
 General options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-All commands except clone accept this option.
+All commands except clone accept these options.
 
 --git-dir <dir>::
 	Set the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable.  See linkgit:git[1].
 
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Provide more progress information.
+
 Sync options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 These options can be used in the initial 'clone' as well as in
 subsequent 'sync' operations.
 
---branch <branch>::
-	Import changes into given branch.  If the branch starts with
-	'refs/', it will be used as is, otherwise the path 'refs/heads/'
-	will be prepended.  The default branch is 'master'.  If used
-	with an initial clone, no HEAD will be checked out.
+--branch <ref>::
+	Import changes into <ref> instead of refs/remotes/p4/master.
+	If <ref> starts with refs/, it is used as is.  Otherwise, if
+	it does not start with p4/, that prefix is added.
++
+By default a <ref> not starting with refs/ is treated as the
+name of a remote-tracking branch (under refs/remotes/).  This
+behavior can be modified using the --import-local option.
++
+The default <ref> is "master".
 +
 This example imports a new remote "p4/proj2" into an existing
-git repository:
+Git repository:
++
 ----
     $ git init
     $ git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/proj2 //depot/proj2
@@ -200,12 +208,13 @@ git repository:
 --silent::
 	Do not print any progress information.
 
---verbose::
-	Provide more progress information.
-
 --detect-labels::
 	Query p4 for labels associated with the depot paths, and add
-	them as tags in git.
+	them as tags in Git. Limited usefulness as only imports labels
+	associated with new changelists. Deprecated.
+
+--import-labels::
+	Import labels from p4 into Git.
 
 --import-local::
 	By default, p4 branches are stored in 'refs/remotes/p4/',
@@ -221,46 +230,43 @@ git repository:
 	specifier.
 
 --keep-path::
-	The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to git, by
+	The mapping of file names from the p4 depot path to Git, by
 	default, involves removing the entire depot path.  With this
-	option, the full p4 depot path is retained in git.  For example,
+	option, the full p4 depot path is retained in Git.  For example,
 	path '//depot/main/foo/bar.c', when imported from
 	'//depot/main/', becomes 'foo/bar.c'.  With '--keep-path', the
-	git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'.
+	Git path is instead 'depot/main/foo/bar.c'.
 
 --use-client-spec::
 	Use a client spec to find the list of interesting files in p4.
 	See the "CLIENT SPEC" section below.
 
+-/ <path>::
+	Exclude selected depot paths when cloning or syncing.
+
 Clone options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 These options can be used in an initial 'clone', along with the 'sync'
 options described above.
 
 --destination <directory>::
-	Where to create the git repository.  If not provided, the last
+	Where to create the Git repository.  If not provided, the last
 	component in the p4 depot path is used to create a new
 	directory.
 
 --bare::
 	Perform a bare clone.  See linkgit:git-clone[1].
 
--/ <path>::
-	Exclude selected depot paths when cloning.
-
 Submit options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior.
 
---verbose::
-	Provide more progress information.
-
 --origin <commit>::
 	Upstream location from which commits are identified to submit to
 	p4.  By default, this is the most recent p4 commit reachable
 	from 'HEAD'.
 
--M[<n>]::
+-M::
 	Detect renames.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  Renames will be
 	represented in p4 using explicit 'move' operations.  There
 	is no corresponding option to detect copies, but there are
@@ -270,6 +276,40 @@ These options can be used to modify 'git p4 submit' behavior.
 	Re-author p4 changes before submitting to p4.  This option
 	requires p4 admin privileges.
 
+--export-labels::
+	Export tags from Git as p4 labels. Tags found in Git are applied
+	to the perforce working directory.
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	Show just what commits would be submitted to p4; do not change
+	state in Git or p4.
+
+--prepare-p4-only::
+	Apply a commit to the p4 workspace, opening, adding and deleting
+	files in p4 as for a normal submit operation.  Do not issue the
+	final "p4 submit", but instead print a message about how to
+	submit manually or revert.  This option always stops after the
+	first (oldest) commit.  Git tags are not exported to p4.
+
+--conflict=(ask|skip|quit)::
+	Conflicts can occur when applying a commit to p4.  When this
+	happens, the default behavior ("ask") is to prompt whether to
+	skip this commit and continue, or quit.  This option can be used
+	to bypass the prompt, causing conflicting commits to be automatically
+	skipped, or to quit trying to apply commits, without prompting.
+
+--branch <branch>::
+	After submitting, sync this named branch instead of the default
+	p4/master.  See the "Sync options" section above for more
+	information.
+
+Rebase options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+These options can be used to modify 'git p4 rebase' behavior.
+
+--import-labels::
+	Import p4 labels.
 
 DEPOT PATH SYNTAX
 -----------------
@@ -289,12 +329,12 @@ p4 revision specifier on the end:
 "//depot/proj1@all //depot/proj2@all"::
     Import all changes from both named depot paths into a single
     repository.  Only files below these directories are included.
-    There is not a subdirectory in git for each "proj1" and "proj2".
+    There is not a subdirectory in Git for each "proj1" and "proj2".
     You must use the '--destination' option when specifying more
     than one depot path.  The revision specifier must be specified
     identically on each depot path.  If there are files in the
     depot paths with the same name, the path with the most recently
-    updated version of the file is the one that appears in git.
+    updated version of the file is the one that appears in Git.
 
 See 'p4 help revisions' for the full syntax of p4 revision specifiers.
 
@@ -311,19 +351,19 @@ configuration file.  This allows future 'git p4 submit' commands to
 work properly; the submit command looks only at the variable and does
 not have a command-line option.
 
-The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'.  Git-p4
+The full syntax for a p4 view is documented in 'p4 help views'.  'git p4'
 knows only a subset of the view syntax.  It understands multi-line
 mappings, overlays with '+', exclusions with '-' and double-quotes
-around whitespace.  Of the possible wildcards, git-p4 only handles
-'...', and only when it is at the end of the path.  Git-p4 will complain
+around whitespace.  Of the possible wildcards, 'git p4' only handles
+'...', and only when it is at the end of the path.  'git p4' will complain
 if it encounters an unhandled wildcard.
 
 Bugs in the implementation of overlap mappings exist.  If multiple depot
 paths map through overlays to the same location in the repository,
-git-p4 can choose the wrong one.  This is hard to solve without
-dedicating a client spec just for git-p4.
+'git p4' can choose the wrong one.  This is hard to solve without
+dedicating a client spec just for 'git p4'.
 
-The name of the client can be given to git-p4 in multiple ways.  The
+The name of the client can be given to 'git p4' in multiple ways.  The
 variable 'git-p4.client' takes precedence if it exists.  Otherwise,
 normal p4 mechanisms of determining the client are used:  environment
 variable P4CLIENT, a file referenced by P4CONFIG, or the local host name.
@@ -331,7 +371,7 @@ variable P4CLIENT, a file referenced by P4CONFIG, or the local host name.
 
 BRANCH DETECTION
 ----------------
-P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as git.  Instead,
+P4 does not have the same concept of a branch as Git.  Instead,
 p4 organizes its content as a directory tree, where by convention
 different logical branches are in different locations in the tree.
 The 'p4 branch' command is used to maintain mappings between
@@ -341,7 +381,7 @@ can use these mappings to determine branch relationships.
 If you have a repository where all the branches of interest exist as
 subdirectories of a single depot path, you can use '--detect-branches'
 when cloning or syncing to have 'git p4' automatically find
-subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in git.
+subdirectories in p4, and to generate these as branches in Git.
 
 For example, if the P4 repository structure is:
 ----
@@ -363,7 +403,7 @@ called 'master', and one for //depot/branch1 called 'depot/branch1'.
 
 However, it is not necessary to create branches in p4 to be able to use
 them like branches.  Because it is difficult to infer branch
-relationships automatically, a git configuration setting
+relationships automatically, a Git configuration setting
 'git-p4.branchList' can be used to explicitly identify branch
 relationships.  It is a list of "source:destination" pairs, like a
 simple p4 branch specification, where the "source" and "destination" are
@@ -371,15 +411,17 @@ the path elements in the p4 repository.  The example above relied on the
 presence of the p4 branch.  Without p4 branches, the same result will
 occur with:
 ----
+git init depot
+cd depot
 git config git-p4.branchList main:branch1
-git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all
+git p4 clone --detect-branches //depot@all .
 ----
 
 
 PERFORMANCE
 -----------
 The fast-import mechanism used by 'git p4' creates one pack file for
-each invocation of 'git p4 sync'.  Normally, git garbage compression
+each invocation of 'git p4 sync'.  Normally, Git garbage compression
 (linkgit:git-gc[1]) automatically compresses these to fewer pack files,
 but explicit invocation of 'git repack -adf' may improve performance.
 
@@ -417,9 +459,9 @@ git-p4.client::
 Clone and sync variables
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 git-p4.syncFromOrigin::
-	Because importing commits from other git repositories is much faster
+	Because importing commits from other Git repositories is much faster
 	than importing them from p4, a mechanism exists to find p4 changes
-	first in git remotes.  If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4',
+	first in Git remotes.  If branches exist under 'refs/remote/origin/p4',
 	those will be fetched and used when syncing from p4.  This
 	variable can be set to 'false' to disable this behavior.
 
@@ -434,11 +476,23 @@ git-p4.branchList::
 	enabled.  Each entry should be a pair of branch names separated
 	by a colon (:).  This example declares that both branchA and
 	branchB were created from main:
++
 -------------
 git config       git-p4.branchList main:branchA
 git config --add git-p4.branchList main:branchB
 -------------
 
+git-p4.ignoredP4Labels::
+	List of p4 labels to ignore. This is built automatically as
+	unimportable labels are discovered.
+
+git-p4.importLabels::
+	Import p4 labels into git, as per --import-labels.
+
+git-p4.labelImportRegexp::
+	Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be imported. The
+	default value is '[a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+$'.
+
 git-p4.useClientSpec::
 	Specify that the p4 client spec should be used to identify p4
 	depot paths of interest.  This is equivalent to specifying the
@@ -448,16 +502,18 @@ git-p4.useClientSpec::
 Submit variables
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 git-p4.detectRenames::
-	Detect renames.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].
+	Detect renames.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  This can be true,
+	false, or a score as expected by 'git diff -M'.
 
 git-p4.detectCopies::
-	Detect copies.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].
+	Detect copies.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  This can be true,
+	false, or a score as expected by 'git diff -C'.
 
 git-p4.detectCopiesHarder::
-	Detect copies harder.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].
+	Detect copies harder.  See linkgit:git-diff[1].  A boolean.
 
 git-p4.preserveUser::
-	On submit, re-author changes to reflect the git author,
+	On submit, re-author changes to reflect the Git author,
 	regardless of who invokes 'git p4 submit'.
 
 git-p4.allowMissingP4Users::
@@ -487,19 +543,30 @@ git-p4.skipUserNameCheck::
 	user map, 'git p4' exits.  This option can be used to force
 	submission regardless.
 
-git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup:
-    If enabled, 'git p4 submit' will attempt to cleanup RCS keywords
-    ($Header$, etc). These would otherwise cause merge conflicts and prevent
-    the submit going ahead. This option should be considered experimental at
-    present.
+git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup::
+	If enabled, 'git p4 submit' will attempt to cleanup RCS keywords
+	($Header$, etc). These would otherwise cause merge conflicts and prevent
+	the submit going ahead. This option should be considered experimental at
+	present.
+
+git-p4.exportLabels::
+	Export Git tags to p4 labels, as per --export-labels.
+
+git-p4.labelExportRegexp::
+	Only p4 labels matching this regular expression will be exported. The
+	default value is '[a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+$'.
+
+git-p4.conflict::
+	Specify submit behavior when a conflict with p4 is found, as per
+	--conflict.  The default behavior is 'ask'.
 
 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
 ----------------------
-* Changesets from p4 are imported using git fast-import.
+* Changesets from p4 are imported using Git fast-import.
 * Cloning or syncing does not require a p4 client; file contents are
   collected using 'p4 print'.
 * Submitting requires a p4 client, which is not in the same location
-  as the git repository.  Patches are applied, one at a time, to
+  as the Git repository.  Patches are applied, one at a time, to
   this p4 client and submitted from there.
 * Each commit imported by 'git p4' has a line at the end of the log
   message indicating the p4 depot location and change number.  This
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
index 20c8551d6a..c2f76fb1ea 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-objects.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	[--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
 	[--local] [--incremental] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>]
 	[--revs [--unpacked | --all]] [--stdout | base-name]
-	[--keep-true-parents] < object-list
+	[--shallow] [--keep-true-parents] < object-list
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ A pack index file (.idx) is generated for fast, random access to the
 objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed
 archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
 any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
-enables git to read from the pack archive.
+enables Git to read from the pack archive.
 
 The 'git unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
 expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
@@ -50,9 +50,8 @@ base-name::
 	Write into a pair of files (.pack and .idx), using
 	<base-name> to determine the name of the created file.
 	When this option is used, the two files are written in
-	<base-name>-<SHA1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA1> is a hash
-	of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename
-	based on the pack content, and written to the standard
+	<base-name>-<SHA-1>.{pack,idx} files.  <SHA-1> is a hash
+	based on the pack content and is written to the standard
 	output of the command.
 
 --stdout::
@@ -65,6 +64,8 @@ base-name::
 	the same way as 'git rev-list' with the `--objects` flag
 	uses its `commit` arguments to build the list of objects it
 	outputs.  The objects on the resulting list are packed.
+	Besides revisions, `--not` or `--shallow <SHA-1>` lines are
+	also accepted.
 
 --unpacked::
 	This implies `--revs`.  When processing the list of
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ base-name::
 --include-tag::
 	Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
 	reference was included in the resulting packfile.  This
-	can be useful to send new tags to native git clients.
+	can be useful to send new tags to native Git clients.
 
 --window=<n>::
 --depth=<n>::
@@ -185,14 +186,19 @@ base-name::
 	option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout.
 +
 Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting
-required objects and is thus unusable by git without making it
+required objects and is thus unusable by Git without making it
 self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin`
 (see linkgit:git-index-pack[1]) to restore the self-contained property.
 
+--shallow::
+	Optimize a pack that will be provided to a client with a shallow
+	repository.  This option, combined with \--thin, can result in a
+	smaller pack at the cost of speed.
+
 --delta-base-offset::
 	A packed archive can express the base object of a delta as
 	either a 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
-	stream, but ancient versions of git don't understand the
+	stream, but ancient versions of Git don't understand the
 	latter.  By default, 'git pack-objects' only uses the
 	former format for better compatibility.  This option
 	allows the command to use the latter format for
@@ -202,7 +208,7 @@ self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin`
 +
 Note: Porcelain commands such as `git gc` (see linkgit:git-gc[1]),
 `git repack` (see linkgit:git-repack[1]) pass this option by default
-in modern git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
+in modern Git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
 So does `git bundle` (see linkgit:git-bundle[1]) when it creates a bundle.
 
 --threads=<n>::
@@ -212,7 +218,7 @@ So does `git bundle` (see linkgit:git-bundle[1]) when it creates a bundle.
 	This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
 	The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
 	however multiplied by the number of threads.
-	Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
+	Specifying 0 will cause Git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
 	and set the number of threads accordingly.
 
 --index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
index a3c6677bfa..154081f2de 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pack-refs.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
 Traditionally, tips of branches and tags (collectively known as
-'refs') were stored one file per ref under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
+'refs') were stored one file per ref in a (sub)directory
+under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
 directory.  While many branch tips tend to be updated often,
 most tags and some branch tips are never updated.  When a
 repository has hundreds or thousands of tags, this
@@ -22,17 +23,18 @@ one-file-per-ref format both wastes storage and hurts
 performance.
 
 This command is used to solve the storage and performance
-problem by stashing the refs in a single file,
+problem by storing the refs in a single file,
 `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs`.  When a ref is missing from the
-traditional `$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy, it is looked up in this
+traditional `$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy, it is looked
+up in this
 file and used if found.
 
 Subsequent updates to branches always create new files under
-`$GIT_DIR/refs` hierarchy.
+`$GIT_DIR/refs` directory hierarchy.
 
 A recommended practice to deal with a repository with too many
-refs is to pack its refs with `--all --prune` once, and
-occasionally run `git pack-refs \--prune`.  Tags are by
+refs is to pack its refs with `--all` once, and
+occasionally run `git pack-refs`.  Tags are by
 definition stationary and are not expected to change.  Branch
 heads will be packed with the initial `pack-refs --all`, but
 only the currently active branch heads will become unpacked,
@@ -57,6 +59,15 @@ a repository with many branches of historical interests.
 The command usually removes loose refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs`
 hierarchy after packing them.  This option tells it not to.
 
+
+BUGS
+----
+
+Older documentation written before the packed-refs mechanism was
+introduced may still say things like ".git/refs/heads/<branch> file
+exists" when it means "branch <branch> exists".
+
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
index 90268f02e7..31efc587ee 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-patch-id.txt
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ git-patch-id - Compute unique ID for a patch
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git patch-id' < <patch>
+'git patch-id' [--stable | --unstable] < <patch>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-A "patch ID" is nothing but a SHA1 of the diff associated with a patch, with
-whitespace and line numbers ignored.  As such, it's "reasonably stable", but at
-the same time also reasonably unique, i.e., two patches that have the same "patch
-ID" are almost guaranteed to be the same thing.
+A "patch ID" is nothing but a sum of SHA-1 of the file diffs associated with a
+patch, with whitespace and line numbers ignored.  As such, it's "reasonably
+stable", but at the same time also reasonably unique, i.e., two patches that
+have the same "patch ID" are almost guaranteed to be the same thing.
 
 IOW, you can use this thing to look for likely duplicate commits.
 
@@ -27,6 +27,33 @@ This can be used to make a mapping from patch ID to commit ID.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+
+--stable::
+	Use a "stable" sum of hashes as the patch ID. With this option:
+	 - Reordering file diffs that make up a patch does not affect the ID.
+	   In particular, two patches produced by comparing the same two trees
+	   with two different settings for "-O<orderfile>" result in the same
+	   patch ID signature, thereby allowing the computed result to be used
+	   as a key to index some meta-information about the change between
+	   the two trees;
+
+	 - Result is different from the value produced by git 1.9 and older
+	   or produced when an "unstable" hash (see --unstable below) is
+	   configured - even when used on a diff output taken without any use
+	   of "-O<orderfile>", thereby making existing databases storing such
+	   "unstable" or historical patch-ids unusable.
+
+	This is the default if patchid.stable is set to true.
+
+--unstable::
+	Use an "unstable" hash as the patch ID. With this option,
+	the result produced is compatible with the patch-id value produced
+	by git 1.9 and older.  Users with pre-existing databases storing
+	patch-ids produced by git 1.9 and older (who do not deal with reordered
+	patches) may want to use this option.
+
+	This is the default.
+
 <patch>::
 	The diff to create the ID of.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 87ea3fb054..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/git-peek-remote.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-git-peek-remote(1)
-==================
-
-NAME
-----
-git-peek-remote - List the references in a remote repository
-
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-'git peek-remote' [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [<host>:]<directory>
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-This command is deprecated; use 'git ls-remote' instead.
-
-OPTIONS
--------
---upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>::
-	Use this to specify the path to 'git-upload-pack' on the
-	remote side, if it is not found on your $PATH. Some
-	installations of sshd ignores the user's environment
-	setup scripts for login shells (e.g. .bash_profile) and
-	your privately installed git may not be found on the system
-	default $PATH.  Another workaround suggested is to set
-	up your $PATH in ".bashrc", but this flag is for people
-	who do not want to pay the overhead for non-interactive
-	shells, but prefer having a lean .bashrc file (they set most of
-	the things up in .bash_profile).
-
-<host>::
-	A remote host that houses the repository.  When this
-	part is specified, 'git-upload-pack' is invoked via
-	ssh.
-
-<directory>::
-	The repository to sync from.
-
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
index 80dc022ede..9fed59a317 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-prune-packed.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 git-prune-packed(1)
-=====================
+===================
 
 NAME
 ----
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This program searches the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIR` for all objects that currently
+This program searches the `$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY` for all objects that currently
 exist in a pack file as well as the independent object directories.
 
 All such extra objects are removed.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-prune.txt b/Documentation/git-prune.txt
index 80d01b0571..7a493c80f7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-prune.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-prune.txt
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ objects unreachable from any of these head objects from the object database.
 In addition, it
 prunes the unpacked objects that are also found in packs by
 running 'git prune-packed'.
+It also removes entries from .git/shallow that are not reachable by
+any ref.
 
 Note that unreachable, packed objects will remain.  If this is
 not desired, see linkgit:git-repack[1].
@@ -54,12 +56,12 @@ OPTIONS
 EXAMPLE
 -------
 
-To prune objects not used by your repository nor another that
+To prune objects not used by your repository or another that
 borrows from your repository via its
 `.git/objects/info/alternates`:
 
 ------------
-$ git prune $(cd ../another && $(git rev-parse --all))
+$ git prune $(cd ../another && git rev-parse --all)
 ------------
 
 Notes
diff --git a/Documentation/git-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
index 0f18ec891a..712ab4baed 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-pull.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-pull.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-pull(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch
+git-pull - Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
 	  A---B---C master on origin
 	 /
     D---E---F---G master
+	^
+	origin/master in your repository
 ------------
 
 Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
 and a log message from the user describing the changes.
 
 ------------
-	  A---B---C remotes/origin/master
+	  A---B---C origin/master
 	 /         \
     D---E---F---G---H master
 ------------
@@ -59,8 +61,8 @@ and a log message from the user describing the changes.
 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
 are presented and handled.
 
-In git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
-`git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of git, running 'git pull'
+In Git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
+`git reset --merge`.  *Warning*: In older versions of Git, running 'git pull'
 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
 
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
 	This option controls if new commits of all populated submodules should
 	be fetched too (see linkgit:git-config[1] and linkgit:gitmodules[5]).
 	That might be necessary to get the data needed for merging submodule
-	commits, a feature git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
+	commits, a feature Git learned in 1.7.3. Notice that the result of a
 	merge will not be checked out in the submodule, "git submodule update"
 	has to be called afterwards to bring the work tree up to date with the
 	merge result.
@@ -97,20 +99,26 @@ must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
 Options related to merging
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-include::merge-options.txt[]
-
 :git-pull: 1
 
---rebase::
-	Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after
-	fetching.  If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to
-	the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last
-	fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing
-	non-local changes.
+include::merge-options.txt[]
+
+-r::
+--rebase[=false|true|preserve]::
+	When true, rebase the current branch on top of the upstream
+	branch after fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch
+	corresponding to the upstream branch and the upstream branch
+	was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
+	to avoid rebasing non-local changes.
++
+When set to preserve, rebase with the `--preserve-merges` option passed
+to `git rebase` so that locally created merge commits will not be flattened.
++
+When false, merge the current branch into the upstream branch.
 +
-See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autosetuprebase` in
+See `pull.rebase`, `branch.<name>.rebase` and `branch.autoSetupRebase` in
 linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make `git pull` always use
-`{litdd}rebase` instead of merging.
+`--rebase` instead of merging.
 +
 [NOTE]
 This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
@@ -217,7 +225,7 @@ $ git merge origin/next
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 
-If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
+If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and
 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
 
 
@@ -227,7 +235,7 @@ Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in already checked
 out submodules right now. When e.g. upstream added a new submodule in the
 just fetched commits of the superproject the submodule itself can not be
 fetched, making it impossible to check out that submodule later without
-having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future git
+having to do a fetch again. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git
 version.
 
 SEE ALSO
diff --git a/Documentation/git-push.txt b/Documentation/git-push.txt
index 48760db337..863c30c4c2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-push.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-push.txt
@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ git-push - Update remote refs along with associated objects
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
-	   [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [--prune] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream]
-	   [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
+'git push' [--all | --mirror | --tags] [--follow-tags] [--atomic] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>]
+	   [--repo=<repository>] [-f | --force] [--prune] [-v | --verbose]
+	   [-u | --set-upstream] [--signed]
+	   [--force-with-lease[=<refname>[:<expect>]]]
+	   [--no-verify] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -23,6 +25,17 @@ You can make interesting things happen to a repository
 every time you push into it, by setting up 'hooks' there.  See
 documentation for linkgit:git-receive-pack[1].
 
+When the command line does not specify where to push with the
+`<repository>` argument, `branch.*.remote` configuration for the
+current branch is consulted to determine where to push.  If the
+configuration is missing, it defaults to 'origin'.
+
+When the command line does not specify what to push with `<refspec>...`
+arguments or `--all`, `--mirror`, `--tags` options, the command finds
+the default `<refspec>` by consulting `remote.*.push` configuration,
+and if it is not found, honors `push.default` configuration to decide
+what to push (See linkgit:git-config[1] for the meaning of `push.default`).
+
 
 OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
 ------------------
@@ -33,11 +46,10 @@ OPTIONS[[OPTIONS]]
 	of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
 
 <refspec>...::
+	Specify what destination ref to update with what source object.
 	The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
-	`{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
+	`+`, followed by the source object <src>, followed
 	by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
-	It is used to specify with what <src> object the <dst> ref
-	in the remote repository is to be updated.
 +
 The <src> is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
 it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
@@ -45,14 +57,20 @@ it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as `master~4` or
 +
 The <dst> tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
 push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
-be named. If `:`<dst> is omitted, the same ref as <src> will be
-updated.
+be named.
+If `git push [<repository>]` without any `<refspec>` argument is set to
+update some ref at the destination with `<src>` with
+`remote.<repository>.push` configuration variable, `:<dst>` part can
+be omitted---such a push will update a ref that `<src>` normally updates
+without any `<refspec>` on the command line.  Otherwise, missing
+`:<dst>` means to update the same ref as the `<src>`.
 +
 The object referenced by <src> is used to update the <dst> reference
-on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
-update can fast-forward <dst>.  By having the optional leading `{plus}`,
-you can tell git to update the <dst> ref even when the update is not a
-fast-forward.  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
+on the remote side.  By default this is only allowed if <dst> is not
+a tag (annotated or lightweight), and then only if it can fast-forward
+<dst>.  By having the optional leading `+`, you can tell Git to update
+the <dst> ref even if it is not allowed by default (e.g., it is not a
+fast-forward.)  This does *not* attempt to merge <src> into <dst>.  See
 EXAMPLES below for details.
 +
 `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`.
@@ -60,22 +78,20 @@ EXAMPLES below for details.
 Pushing an empty <src> allows you to delete the <dst> ref from
 the remote repository.
 +
-The special refspec `:` (or `{plus}:` to allow non-fast-forward updates)
-directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
+The special refspec `:` (or `+:` to allow non-fast-forward updates)
+directs Git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
 the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
-already exists on the remote side.  This is the default operation mode
-if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
-nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
+already exists on the remote side.
 
 --all::
-	Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
-	refs under `refs/heads/` be pushed.
+	Push all branches (i.e. refs under `refs/heads/`); cannot be
+	used with other <refspec>.
 
 --prune::
 	Remove remote branches that don't have a local counterpart. For example
 	a remote branch `tmp` will be removed if a local branch with the same
 	name doesn't exist any more. This also respects refspecs, e.g.
-	`git push --prune remote refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/tmp/{asterisk}` would
+	`git push --prune remote refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/*` would
 	make sure that remote `refs/tmp/foo` will be removed if `refs/heads/foo`
 	doesn't exist.
 
@@ -108,6 +124,26 @@ nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
 	addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
 	line.
 
+--follow-tags::
+	Push all the refs that would be pushed without this option,
+	and also push annotated tags in `refs/tags` that are missing
+	from the remote but are pointing at commit-ish that are
+	reachable from the refs being pushed.  This can also be specified
+	with configuration variable 'push.followTags'.  For more
+	information, see 'push.followTags' in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+
+--signed::
+	GPG-sign the push request to update refs on the receiving
+	side, to allow it to be checked by the hooks and/or be
+	logged.  See linkgit:git-receive-pack[1] for the details
+	on the receiving end.
+
+--[no-]atomic::
+	Use an atomic transaction on the remote side if available.
+	Either all refs are updated, or on error, no refs are updated.
+	If the server does not support atomic pushes the push will fail.
+
 --receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>::
 --exec=<git-receive-pack>::
 	Path to the 'git-receive-pack' program on the remote
@@ -115,30 +151,77 @@ nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).
 	repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
 	a directory on the default $PATH.
 
+--[no-]force-with-lease::
+--force-with-lease=<refname>::
+--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>::
+	Usually, "git push" refuses to update a remote ref that is
+	not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
++
+This option overrides this restriction if the current value of the
+remote ref is the expected value.  "git push" fails otherwise.
++
+Imagine that you have to rebase what you have already published.
+You will have to bypass the "must fast-forward" rule in order to
+replace the history you originally published with the rebased history.
+If somebody else built on top of your original history while you are
+rebasing, the tip of the branch at the remote may advance with her
+commit, and blindly pushing with `--force` will lose her work.
++
+This option allows you to say that you expect the history you are
+updating is what you rebased and want to replace. If the remote ref
+still points at the commit you specified, you can be sure that no
+other people did anything to the ref. It is like taking a "lease" on
+the ref without explicitly locking it, and the remote ref is updated
+only if the "lease" is still valid.
++
+`--force-with-lease` alone, without specifying the details, will protect
+all remote refs that are going to be updated by requiring their
+current value to be the same as the remote-tracking branch we have
+for them.
++
+`--force-with-lease=<refname>`, without specifying the expected value, will
+protect the named ref (alone), if it is going to be updated, by
+requiring its current value to be the same as the remote-tracking
+branch we have for it.
++
+`--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>` will protect the named ref (alone),
+if it is going to be updated, by requiring its current value to be
+the same as the specified value <expect> (which is allowed to be
+different from the remote-tracking branch we have for the refname,
+or we do not even have to have such a remote-tracking branch when
+this form is used).
++
+Note that all forms other than `--force-with-lease=<refname>:<expect>`
+that specifies the expected current value of the ref explicitly are
+still experimental and their semantics may change as we gain experience
+with this feature.
++
+"--no-force-with-lease" will cancel all the previous --force-with-lease on the
+command line.
+
 -f::
 --force::
 	Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
 	not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
-	This flag disables the check.  This can cause the
-	remote repository to lose commits; use it with care.
-
---repo=<repository>::
-	This option is only relevant if no <repository> argument is
-	passed in the invocation. In this case, 'git push' derives the
-	remote name from the current branch: If it tracks a remote
-	branch, then that remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise,
-	the name "origin" is used. For this latter case, this option
-	can be used to override the name "origin". In other words,
-	the difference between these two commands
+	Also, when `--force-with-lease` option is used, the command refuses
+	to update a remote ref whose current value does not match
+	what is expected.
 +
---------------------------
-git push public         #1
-git push --repo=public  #2
---------------------------
+This flag disables these checks, and can cause the remote repository
+to lose commits; use it with care.
 +
-is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public"
-only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is
-useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
+Note that `--force` applies to all the refs that are pushed, hence
+using it with `push.default` set to `matching` or with multiple push
+destinations configured with `remote.*.push` may overwrite refs
+other than the current branch (including local refs that are
+strictly behind their remote counterpart).  To force a push to only
+one branch, use a `+` in front of the refspec to push (e.g `git push
+origin +master` to force a push to the `master` branch). See the
+`<refspec>...` section above for details.
+
+--repo=<repository>::
+	This option is equivalent to the <repository> argument. If both
+	are specified, the command-line argument takes precedence.
 
 -u::
 --set-upstream::
@@ -147,8 +230,7 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
 	linkgit:git-pull[1] and other commands. For more information,
 	see 'branch.<name>.merge' in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
---thin::
---no-thin::
+--[no-]thin::
 	These options are passed to linkgit:git-send-pack[1]. A thin transfer
 	significantly reduces the amount of sent data when the sender and
 	receiver share many of the same objects in common. The default is
@@ -170,10 +252,21 @@ useful if you write an alias or script around 'git push'.
 	is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
 	standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
 
---recurse-submodules=check::
-	Check whether all submodule commits used by the revisions to be
-	pushed are available on a remote tracking branch. Otherwise the
-	push will be aborted and the command will exit with non-zero status.
+--recurse-submodules=check|on-demand::
+	Make sure all submodule commits used by the revisions to be
+	pushed are available on a remote-tracking branch. If 'check' is
+	used Git will verify that all submodule commits that changed in
+	the revisions to be pushed are available on at least one remote
+	of the submodule. If any commits are missing the push will be
+	aborted and exit with non-zero status. If 'on-demand' is used
+	all submodules that changed in the revisions to be pushed will
+	be pushed. If on-demand was not able to push all necessary
+	revisions it will also be aborted and exit with non-zero status.
+
+--[no-]verify::
+	Toggle the pre-push hook (see linkgit:githooks[5]).  The
+	default is \--verify, giving the hook a chance to prevent the
+	push.  With \--no-verify, the hook is bypassed completely.
 
 
 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
@@ -182,7 +275,7 @@ OUTPUT
 ------
 
 The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
-section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either
+section describes the output when pushing over the Git protocol (either
 locally or via ssh).
 
 The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
@@ -204,7 +297,7 @@ option is used.
 flag::
 	A single character indicating the status of the ref:
 (space);; for a successfully pushed fast-forward;
-`{plus}`;; for a successful forced update;
+`+`;; for a successful forced update;
 `-`;; for a successfully deleted ref;
 `*`;; for a successfully pushed new ref;
 `!`;; for a ref that was rejected or failed to push; and
@@ -214,7 +307,7 @@ summary::
 	For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
 	values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
 	`git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and
-	`<old>\...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates).
+	`<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates).
 +
 For a failed update, more details are given:
 +
@@ -277,7 +370,8 @@ leading to commit A.  The history looks like this:
 ----------------
 
 Further suppose that the other person already pushed changes leading to A
-back to the original repository you two obtained the original commit X.
+back to the original repository from which you two obtained the original
+commit X.
 
 The push done by the other person updated the branch that used to point at
 commit X to point at commit A.  It is a fast-forward.
@@ -290,7 +384,7 @@ will now start building on top of B.
 The command by default does not allow an update that is not a fast-forward
 to prevent such loss of history.
 
-If you do not want to lose your work (history from X to B) nor the work by
+If you do not want to lose your work (history from X to B) or the work by
 the other person (history from X to A), you would need to first fetch the
 history from the repository, create a history that contains changes done
 by both parties, and push the result back.
@@ -347,11 +441,14 @@ Examples
 	configured for the current branch).
 
 `git push origin`::
-	Without additional configuration, works like
-	`git push origin :`.
+	Without additional configuration, pushes the current branch to
+	the configured upstream (`remote.origin.merge` configuration
+	variable) if it has the same name as the current branch, and
+	errors out without pushing otherwise.
 +
 The default behavior of this command when no <refspec> is given can be
-configured by setting the `push` option of the remote.
+configured by setting the `push` option of the remote, or the `push.default`
+configuration variable.
 +
 For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to `origin`
 use `git config remote.origin.push HEAD`.  Any valid <refspec> (like
@@ -374,11 +471,23 @@ the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
 	A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
 	remote.
 
-`git push origin master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev`::
+`git push mothership master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev`::
 	Use the source ref that matches `master` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
 	to update the ref that matches `satellite/master` (most probably
-	`refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `origin` repository, then
+	`refs/remotes/satellite/master`) in the `mothership` repository;
 	do the same for `dev` and `satellite/dev`.
++
+This is to emulate `git fetch` run on the `mothership` using `git
+push` that is run in the opposite direction in order to integrate
+the work done on `satellite`, and is often necessary when you can
+only make connection in one way (i.e. satellite can ssh into
+mothership but mothership cannot initiate connection to satellite
+because the latter is behind a firewall or does not run sshd).
++
+After running this `git push` on the `satellite` machine, you would
+ssh into the `mothership` and run `git merge` there to complete the
+emulation of `git pull` that were run on `mothership` to pull changes
+made on `satellite`.
 
 `git push origin HEAD:master`::
 	Push the current branch to the remote ref matching `master` in the
@@ -396,7 +505,7 @@ the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
 	Find a ref that matches `experimental` in the `origin` repository
 	(e.g. `refs/heads/experimental`), and delete it.
 
-`git push origin {plus}dev:master`::
+`git push origin +dev:master`::
 	Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch,
 	allowing non-fast-forward updates.  *This can leave unreferenced
 	commits dangling in the origin repository.*  Consider the
diff --git a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
index 7f112f3dcd..d64388cb8e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-quiltimport.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 git-quiltimport(1)
-================
+==================
 
 NAME
 ----
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Applies a quilt patchset onto the current git branch, preserving
+Applies a quilt patchset onto the current Git branch, preserving
 the patch boundaries, patch order, and patch descriptions present
 in the quilt patchset.
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ the patch description is displayed and the user is asked to
 interactively enter the author of the patch.
 
 If a subject is not found in the patch description the patch name is
-preserved as the 1 line subject in the git description.
+preserved as the 1 line subject in the Git description.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
index c4bde6509e..fa1d557e5b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-read-tree.txt
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -n::
 --dry-run::
 	Check if the command would error out, without updating the index
-	nor the files in the working tree for real.
+	or the files in the working tree for real.
 
 -v::
 	Show the progress of checking files out.
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ merge. The different stages represent the "result tree" (stage 0, aka
 you are trying to merge (stage 2 and 3 respectively).
 
 The order of stages 1, 2 and 3 (hence the order of three
-<tree-ish> command line arguments) are significant when you
+<tree-ish> command-line arguments) are significant when you
 start a 3-way merge with an index file that is already
 populated.  Here is an outline of how the algorithm works:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
index 504945c691..47984e84ed 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rebase.txt
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@ git-rebase - Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--onto <newbase>]
-	[<upstream>] [<branch>]
-'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] --onto <newbase>
+'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>]
+	[<upstream> [<branch>]]
+'git rebase' [-i | --interactive] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>]
 	--root [<branch>]
-'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort
+'git rebase' --continue | --skip | --abort | --edit-todo
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -21,15 +21,17 @@ If <branch> is specified, 'git rebase' will perform an automatic
 it remains on the current branch.
 
 If <upstream> is not specified, the upstream configured in
-branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options will be used; see
-linkgit:git-config[1] for details.  If you are currently not on any
-branch or if the current branch does not have a configured upstream,
-the rebase will abort.
+branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options will be used (see
+linkgit:git-config[1] for details) and the `--fork-point` option is
+assumed.  If you are currently not on any branch or if the current
+branch does not have a configured upstream, the rebase will abort.
 
 All changes made by commits in the current branch but that are not
 in <upstream> are saved to a temporary area.  This is the same set
-of commits that would be shown by `git log <upstream>..HEAD` (or
-`git log HEAD`, if --root is specified).
+of commits that would be shown by `git log <upstream>..HEAD`; or by
+`git log 'fork_point'..HEAD`, if `--fork-point` is active (see the
+description on `--fork-point` below); or by `git log HEAD`, if the
+`--root` option is specified.
 
 The current branch is reset to <upstream>, or <newbase> if the
 --onto option was supplied.  This has the exact same effect as
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ parameter can be any valid commit-ish.
 In case of conflict, 'git rebase' will stop at the first problematic commit
 and leave conflict markers in the tree.  You can use 'git diff' to locate
 the markers (<<<<<<) and make edits to resolve the conflict.  For each
-file you edit, you need to tell git that the conflict has been resolved,
+file you edit, you need to tell Git that the conflict has been resolved,
 typically this would be done with
 
 
@@ -205,12 +207,15 @@ rebase.stat::
 	Whether to show a diffstat of what changed upstream since the last
 	rebase. False by default.
 
-rebase.autosquash::
+rebase.autoSquash::
 	If set to true enable '--autosquash' option by default.
 
+rebase.autoStash::
+	If set to true enable '--autostash' option by default.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
-<newbase>::
+--onto <newbase>::
 	Starting point at which to create the new commits. If the
 	--onto option is not specified, the starting point is
 	<upstream>.  May be any valid commit, and not just an
@@ -238,9 +243,16 @@ leave out at most one of A and B, in which case it defaults to HEAD.
 	will be reset to where it was when the rebase operation was
 	started.
 
+--keep-empty::
+	Keep the commits that do not change anything from its
+	parents in the result.
+
 --skip::
 	Restart the rebasing process by skipping the current patch.
 
+--edit-todo::
+	Edit the todo list during an interactive rebase.
+
 -m::
 --merge::
 	Use merging strategies to rebase.  When the recursive (default) merge
@@ -267,9 +279,13 @@ which makes little sense.
 -X <strategy-option>::
 --strategy-option=<strategy-option>::
 	Pass the <strategy-option> through to the merge strategy.
-	This implies `\--merge` and, if no strategy has been
+	This implies `--merge` and, if no strategy has been
 	specified, `-s recursive`.  Note the reversal of 'ours' and
-	'theirs' as noted in above for the `-m` option.
+	'theirs' as noted above for the `-m` option.
+
+-S[<keyid>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]::
+	GPG-sign commits.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
@@ -302,17 +318,29 @@ which makes little sense.
 
 -f::
 --force-rebase::
-	Force the rebase even if the current branch is a descendant
-	of the commit you are rebasing onto.  Normally non-interactive rebase will
-	exit with the message "Current branch is up to date" in such a
-	situation.
-	Incompatible with the --interactive option.
+	Force a rebase even if the current branch is up-to-date and
+	the command without `--force` would return without doing anything.
 +
 You may find this (or --no-ff with an interactive rebase) helpful after
 reverting a topic branch merge, as this option recreates the topic branch with
 fresh commits so it can be remerged successfully without needing to "revert
 the reversion" (see the
-link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
+link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
+
+--fork-point::
+--no-fork-point::
+	Use reflog to find a better common ancestor between <upstream>
+	and <branch> when calculating which commits have been
+	introduced by <branch>.
++
+When --fork-point is active, 'fork_point' will be used instead of
+<upstream> to calculate the set of commits to rebase, where
+'fork_point' is the result of `git merge-base --fork-point <upstream>
+<branch>` command (see linkgit:git-merge-base[1]).  If 'fork_point'
+ends up being empty, the <upstream> will be used as a fallback.
++
+If either <upstream> or --root is given on the command line, then the
+default is `--no-fork-point`, otherwise the default is `--fork-point`.
 
 --ignore-whitespace::
 --whitespace=<option>::
@@ -334,20 +362,44 @@ link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
 
 -p::
 --preserve-merges::
-	Instead of ignoring merges, try to recreate them.
+	Recreate merge commits instead of flattening the history by replaying
+	commits a merge commit introduces. Merge conflict resolutions or manual
+	amendments to merge commits are not preserved.
 +
 This uses the `--interactive` machinery internally, but combining it
 with the `--interactive` option explicitly is generally not a good
 idea unless you know what you are doing (see BUGS below).
 
+-x <cmd>::
+--exec <cmd>::
+	Append "exec <cmd>" after each line creating a commit in the
+	final history. <cmd> will be interpreted as one or more shell
+	commands.
++
+This option can only be used with the `--interactive` option
+(see INTERACTIVE MODE below).
++
+You may execute several commands by either using one instance of `--exec`
+with several commands:
++
+	git rebase -i --exec "cmd1 && cmd2 && ..."
++
+or by giving more than one `--exec`:
++
+	git rebase -i --exec "cmd1" --exec "cmd2" --exec ...
++
+If `--autosquash` is used, "exec" lines will not be appended for
+the intermediate commits, and will only appear at the end of each
+squash/fixup series.
 
 --root::
 	Rebase all commits reachable from <branch>, instead of
 	limiting them with an <upstream>.  This allows you to rebase
-	the root commit(s) on a branch.  Must be used with --onto, and
+	the root commit(s) on a branch.  When used with --onto, it
 	will skip changes already contained in <newbase> (instead of
-	<upstream>).  When used together with --preserve-merges, 'all'
-	root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent
+	<upstream>) whereas without --onto it will operate on every change.
+	When used together with both --onto and --preserve-merges,
+	'all' root commits will be rewritten to have <newbase> as parent
 	instead.
 
 --autosquash::
@@ -357,14 +409,23 @@ idea unless you know what you are doing (see BUGS below).
 	the same ..., automatically modify the todo list of rebase -i
 	so that the commit marked for squashing comes right after the
 	commit to be modified, and change the action of the moved
-	commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).
+	commit from `pick` to `squash` (or `fixup`).  Ignores subsequent
+	"fixup! " or "squash! " after the first, in case you referred to an
+	earlier fixup/squash with `git commit --fixup/--squash`.
 +
 This option is only valid when the '--interactive' option is used.
 +
 If the '--autosquash' option is enabled by default using the
-configuration variable `rebase.autosquash`, this option can be
+configuration variable `rebase.autoSquash`, this option can be
 used to override and disable this setting.
 
+--[no-]autostash::
+	Automatically create a temporary stash before the operation
+	begins, and apply it after the operation ends.  This means
+	that you can run rebase on a dirty worktree.  However, use
+	with care: the final stash application after a successful
+	rebase might result in non-trivial conflicts.
+
 --no-ff::
 	With --interactive, cherry-pick all rebased commits instead of
 	fast-forwarding over the unchanged ones.  This ensures that the
@@ -375,7 +436,7 @@ Without --interactive, this is a synonym for --force-rebase.
 You may find this helpful after reverting a topic branch merge, as this option
 recreates the topic branch with fresh commits so it can be remerged
 successfully without needing to "revert the reversion" (see the
-link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
+link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for details).
 
 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
 
@@ -409,10 +470,13 @@ The interactive mode is meant for this type of workflow:
 
 where point 2. consists of several instances of
 
-a. regular use
+a) regular use
+
  1. finish something worthy of a commit
  2. commit
-b. independent fixup
+
+b) independent fixup
+
  1. realize that something does not work
  2. fix that
  3. commit it
@@ -514,6 +578,24 @@ in `$SHELL`, or the default shell if `$SHELL` is not set), so you can
 use shell features (like "cd", ">", ";" ...). The command is run from
 the root of the working tree.
 
+----------------------------------
+$ git rebase -i --exec "make test"
+----------------------------------
+
+This command lets you check that intermediate commits are compilable.
+The todo list becomes like that:
+
+--------------------
+pick 5928aea one
+exec make test
+pick 04d0fda two
+exec make test
+pick ba46169 three
+exec make test
+pick f4593f9 four
+exec make test
+--------------------
+
 SPLITTING COMMITS
 -----------------
 
@@ -608,8 +690,8 @@ Easy case: The changes are literally the same.::
 Hard case: The changes are not the same.::
 
 	This happens if the 'subsystem' rebase had conflicts, or used
-	`\--interactive` to omit, edit, squash, or fixup commits; or
-	if the upstream used one of `commit \--amend`, `reset`, or
+	`--interactive` to omit, edit, squash, or fixup commits; or
+	if the upstream used one of `commit --amend`, `reset`, or
 	`filter-branch`.
 
 
@@ -645,7 +727,7 @@ correspond to the ones before the rebase.
 NOTE: While an "easy case recovery" sometimes appears to be successful
       even in the hard case, it may have unintended consequences.  For
       example, a commit that was removed via `git rebase
-      \--interactive` will be **resurrected**!
+      --interactive` will be **resurrected**!
 
 The idea is to manually tell 'git rebase' "where the old 'subsystem'
 ended and your 'topic' began", that is, what the old merge-base
@@ -653,7 +735,7 @@ between them was.  You will have to find a way to name the last commit
 of the old 'subsystem', for example:
 
 * With the 'subsystem' reflog: after 'git fetch', the old tip of
-  'subsystem' is at `subsystem@\{1}`.  Subsequent fetches will
+  'subsystem' is at `subsystem@{1}`.  Subsequent fetches will
   increase the number.  (See linkgit:git-reflog[1].)
 
 * Relative to the tip of 'topic': knowing that your 'topic' has three
diff --git a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
index b1f7dc643a..000ee8dba2 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-receive-pack.txt
@@ -53,6 +53,56 @@ the update.  Refs to be created will have sha1-old equal to 0\{40},
 while refs to be deleted will have sha1-new equal to 0\{40}, otherwise
 sha1-old and sha1-new should be valid objects in the repository.
 
+When accepting a signed push (see linkgit:git-push[1]), the signed
+push certificate is stored in a blob and an environment variable
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT` can be consulted for its object name.  See the
+description of `post-receive` hook for an example.  In addition, the
+certificate is verified using GPG and the result is exported with
+the following environment variables:
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER`::
+	The name and the e-mail address of the owner of the key that
+	signed the push certificate.
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY`::
+	The GPG key ID of the key that signed the push certificate.
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS`::
+	The status of GPG verification of the push certificate,
+	using the same mnemonic as used in `%G?` format of `git log`
+	family of commands (see linkgit:git-log[1]).
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE`::
+	The nonce string the process asked the signer to include
+	in the push certificate.  If this does not match the value
+	recorded on the "nonce" header in the push certificate, it
+	may indicate that the certificate is a valid one that is
+	being replayed from a separate "git push" session.
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS`::
+`UNSOLICITED`;;
+	"git push --signed" sent a nonce when we did not ask it to
+	send one.
+`MISSING`;;
+	"git push --signed" did not send any nonce header.
+`BAD`;;
+	"git push --signed" sent a bogus nonce.
+`OK`;;
+	"git push --signed" sent the nonce we asked it to send.
+`SLOP`;;
+	"git push --signed" sent a nonce different from what we
+	asked it to send now, but in a previous session.  See
+	`GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP` environment variable.
+
+`GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP`::
+	"git push --signed" sent a nonce different from what we
+	asked it to send now, but in a different session whose
+	starting time is different by this many seconds from the
+	current session.  Only meaningful when
+	`GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS` says `SLOP`.
+	Also read about `receive.certNonceSlop` variable in
+	linkgit:git-config[1].
+
 This hook is called before any refname is updated and before any
 fast-forward checks are performed.
 
@@ -101,9 +151,14 @@ the update.  Refs that were created will have sha1-old equal to
 0\{40}, otherwise sha1-old and sha1-new should be valid objects in
 the repository.
 
+The `GIT_PUSH_CERT*` environment variables can be inspected, just as
+in `pre-receive` hook, after accepting a signed push.
+
 Using this hook, it is easy to generate mails describing the updates
 to the repository.  This example script sends one mail message per
-ref listing the commits pushed to the repository:
+ref listing the commits pushed to the repository, and logs the push
+certificates of signed pushes with good signatures to a logger
+service:
 
 	#!/bin/sh
 	# mail out commit update information.
@@ -119,6 +174,14 @@ ref listing the commits pushed to the repository:
 		fi |
 		mail -s "Changes to ref $ref" commit-list@mydomain
 	done
+	# log signed push certificate, if any
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}" && test ${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS} = G
+	then
+		(
+			echo expected nonce is ${GIT_PUSH_NONCE}
+			git cat-file blob ${GIT_PUSH_CERT}
+		) | mail -s "push certificate from $GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER" push-log@mydomain
+	fi
 	exit 0
 
 The exit code from this hook invocation is ignored, however a
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
index 976dc14937..5e7908e4f7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reflog.txt
@@ -17,80 +17,113 @@ The command takes various subcommands, and different options
 depending on the subcommand:
 
 [verse]
-'git reflog expire' [--dry-run] [--stale-fix] [--verbose]
-	[--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--all] <refs>...
-'git reflog delete' ref@\{specifier\}...
 'git reflog' ['show'] [log-options] [<ref>]
+'git reflog expire' [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>]
+	[--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix]
+	[--dry-run] [--verbose] [--all | <refs>...]
+'git reflog delete' [--rewrite] [--updateref]
+	[--dry-run] [--verbose] ref@\{specifier\}...
+
+Reference logs, or "reflogs", record when the tips of branches and
+other references were updated in the local repository. Reflogs are
+useful in various Git commands, to specify the old value of a
+reference. For example, `HEAD@{2}` means "where HEAD used to be two
+moves ago", `master@{one.week.ago}` means "where master used to point
+to one week ago in this local repository", and so on. See
+linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for more details.
+
+This command manages the information recorded in the reflogs.
+
+The "show" subcommand (which is also the default, in the absence of
+any subcommands) shows the log of the reference provided in the
+command-line (or `HEAD`, by default). The reflog covers all recent
+actions, and in addition the `HEAD` reflog records branch switching.
+`git reflog show` is an alias for `git log -g --abbrev-commit
+--pretty=oneline`; see linkgit:git-log[1] for more information.
+
+The "expire" subcommand prunes older reflog entries. Entries older
+than `expire` time, or entries older than `expire-unreachable` time
+and not reachable from the current tip, are removed from the reflog.
+This is typically not used directly by end users -- instead, see
+linkgit:git-gc[1].
+
+The "delete" subcommand deletes single entries from the reflog. Its
+argument must be an _exact_ entry (e.g. "`git reflog delete
+master@{2}`"). This subcommand is also typically not used directly by
+end users.
 
-Reflog is a mechanism to record when the tip of branches are
-updated.  This command is to manage the information recorded in it.
 
-The subcommand "expire" is used to prune older reflog entries.
-Entries older than `expire` time, or entries older than
-`expire-unreachable` time and not reachable from the current
-tip, are removed from the reflog.  This is typically not used
-directly by the end users -- instead, see linkgit:git-gc[1].
-
-The subcommand "show" (which is also the default, in the absence of any
-subcommands) will take all the normal log options, and show the log of
-the reference provided in the command-line (or `HEAD`, by default).
-The reflog will cover all recent actions (HEAD reflog records branch switching
-as well).  It is an alias for `git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline`;
-see linkgit:git-log[1].
+OPTIONS
+-------
 
-The reflog is useful in various git commands, to specify the old value
-of a reference. For example, `HEAD@\{2\}` means "where HEAD used to be
-two moves ago", `master@\{one.week.ago\}` means "where master used to
-point to one week ago", and so on. See linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for
-more details.
+Options for `show`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-To delete single entries from the reflog, use the subcommand "delete"
-and specify the _exact_ entry (e.g. "`git reflog delete master@\{2\}`").
+`git reflog show` accepts any of the options accepted by `git log`.
 
 
-OPTIONS
--------
+Options for `expire`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---stale-fix::
-	This revamps the logic -- the definition of "broken commit"
-	becomes: a commit that is not reachable from any of the refs and
-	there is a missing object among the commit, tree, or blob
-	objects reachable from it that is not reachable from any of the
-	refs.
-+
-This computation involves traversing all the reachable objects, i.e. it
-has the same cost as 'git prune'.  Fortunately, once this is run, we
-should not have to ever worry about missing objects, because the current
-prune and pack-objects know about reflogs and protect objects referred by
-them.
+--all::
+	Process the reflogs of all references.
 
 --expire=<time>::
-	Entries older than this time are pruned.  Without the
-	option it is taken from configuration `gc.reflogExpire`,
-	which in turn defaults to 90 days.
+	Prune entries older than the specified time. If this option is
+	not specified, the expiration time is taken from the
+	configuration setting `gc.reflogExpire`, which in turn
+	defaults to 90 days. `--expire=all` prunes entries regardless
+	of their age; `--expire=never` turns off pruning of reachable
+	entries (but see `--expire-unreachable`).
 
 --expire-unreachable=<time>::
-	Entries older than this time and not reachable from
-	the current tip of the branch are pruned.  Without the
-	option it is taken from configuration
-	`gc.reflogExpireUnreachable`, which in turn defaults to
-	30 days.
-
---all::
-	Instead of listing <refs> explicitly, prune all refs.
+	Prune entries older than `<time>` that are not reachable from
+	the current tip of the branch. If this option is not
+	specified, the expiration time is taken from the configuration
+	setting `gc.reflogExpireUnreachable`, which in turn defaults
+	to 30 days. `--expire-unreachable=all` prunes unreachable
+	entries regardless of their age; `--expire-unreachable=never`
+	turns off early pruning of unreachable entries (but see
+	`--expire`).
 
 --updateref::
-	Update the ref with the sha1 of the top reflog entry (i.e.
-	<ref>@\{0\}) after expiring or deleting.
+	Update the reference to the value of the top reflog entry (i.e.
+	<ref>@\{0\}) if the previous top entry was pruned.  (This
+	option is ignored for symbolic references.)
 
 --rewrite::
-	While expiring or deleting, adjust each reflog entry to ensure
-	that the `old` sha1 field points to the `new` sha1 field of the
-	previous entry.
+	If a reflog entry's predecessor is pruned, adjust its "old"
+	SHA-1 to be equal to the "new" SHA-1 field of the entry that
+	now precedes it.
+
+--stale-fix::
+	Prune any reflog entries that point to "broken commits". A
+	broken commit is a commit that is not reachable from any of
+	the reference tips and that refers, directly or indirectly, to
+	a missing commit, tree, or blob object.
++
+This computation involves traversing all the reachable objects, i.e. it
+has the same cost as 'git prune'.  It is primarily intended to fix
+corruption caused by garbage collecting using older versions of Git,
+which didn't protect objects referred to by reflogs.
+
+-n::
+--dry-run::
+	Do not actually prune any entries; just show what would have
+	been pruned.
 
 --verbose::
 	Print extra information on screen.
 
+
+Options for `delete`
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+`git reflog delete` accepts options `--updateref`, `--rewrite`, `-n`,
+`--dry-run`, and `--verbose`, with the same meanings as when they are
+used with `expire`.
+
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
index 8a8e1d775d..b25d0b5996 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-ext.txt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ git remote add <nick> "ext::<command>[ <arguments>...]"
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 This remote helper uses the specified '<command>' to connect
-to a remote git server.
+to a remote Git server.
 
 Data written to stdin of the specified '<command>' is assumed
 to be sent to a git:// server, git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ The following sequences have a special meaning:
 
 '%s'::
 	Replaced with name (receive-pack, upload-pack, or
-	upload-archive) of the service git wants to invoke.
+	upload-archive) of the service Git wants to invoke.
 
 '%S'::
 	Replaced with long name (git-receive-pack,
 	git-upload-pack, or git-upload-archive) of the service
-	git wants to invoke.
+	Git wants to invoke.
 
 '%G' (must be the first characters in an argument)::
 	This argument will not be passed to '<command>'. Instead, it
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ GIT_EXT_SERVICE_NOPREFIX::
 
 EXAMPLES:
 ---------
-This remote helper is transparently used by git when
+This remote helper is transparently used by Git when
 you use commands such as "git fetch <URL>", "git clone <URL>",
 , "git push <URL>" or "git remote add <nick> <URL>", where <URL>
 begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
 	edit .ssh/config.
 
 "ext::socat -t3600 - ABSTRACT-CONNECT:/git-server %G/somerepo"::
-	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessable over
+	Represents repository with path /somerepo accessible over
 	git protocol at abstract namespace address /git-server.
 
 "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo"::
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
 	Represents a repository with path /repo accessed using the
 	helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for the
 	remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
-	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	(this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a
 	link-level address).
 
 "ext::git-server-alias foo %G/repo% with% spaces %Vfoo"::
 	Represents a repository with path '/repo with spaces' accessed
 	using the helper program "git-server-alias foo".  The hostname for
 	the remote server passed in the protocol stream will be "foo"
-	(this allows multiple virtual git servers to share a
+	(this allows multiple virtual Git servers to share a
 	link-level address).
 
 "ext::git-ssl foo.example /bar"::
@@ -116,10 +116,9 @@ begins with `ext::`.  Examples:
 	determined by the helper using environment variables (see
 	above).
 
-Documentation
---------------
-Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara, Jonathan Nieder and the git list
-<git@vger.kernel.org>
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
index f095d57d09..e700bafa47 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-fd.txt
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote git server.
+This helper uses specified file descriptors to connect to a remote Git server.
 This is not meant for end users but for programs and scripts calling git
 fetch, push or archive.
 
 If only <infd> is given, it is assumed to be a bidirectional socket connected
-to remote git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
+to remote Git server (git-upload-pack, git-receive-pack or
 git-upload-achive). If both <infd> and <outfd> are given, they are assumed
-to be pipes connected to a remote git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
+to be pipes connected to a remote Git server (<infd> being the inbound pipe
 and <outfd> being the outbound pipe.
 
 It is assumed that any handshaking procedures have already been completed
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ EXAMPLES
 `git push fd::7,8/bar master`::
 	Same as above.
 
-Documentation
---------------
-Documentation by Ilari Liusvaara and the git list <git@vger.kernel.org>
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49233f5d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txto
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+git-remote-helpers
+==================
+
+This document has been moved to linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1].
+
+Please let the owners of the referring site know so that they can update the
+link you clicked to get here.
+
+Thanks.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt b/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
index 2a67d456a3..f791d73c05 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote-testgit.txt
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ testcase for the remote-helper functionality, and as an example to
 show remote-helper authors one possible implementation.
 
 The best way to learn more is to read the comments and source code in
-'git-remote-testgit.py'.
+'git-remote-testgit'.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-remote-helpers[1]
+linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote.txt b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
index d376d19ef7..4c6d6de7b7 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-remote.txt
@@ -3,23 +3,23 @@ git-remote(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-remote - manage set of tracked repositories
+git-remote - Manage set of tracked repositories
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git remote' [-v | --verbose]
-'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>
+'git remote add' [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--[no-]tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>
 'git remote rename' <old> <new>
-'git remote rm' <name>
-'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)
+'git remote remove' <name>
+'git remote set-head' <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)
 'git remote set-branches' [--add] <name> <branch>...
 'git remote set-url' [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]
 'git remote set-url --add' [--push] <name> <newurl>
 'git remote set-url --delete' [--push] <name> <url>
-'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>
-'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>
+'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'show' [-n] <name>...
+'git remote prune' [-n | --dry-run] <name>...
 'git remote' [-v | --verbose] 'update' [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ remote repository.
 With `--no-tags` option, `git fetch <name>` does not import tags from
 the remote repository.
 +
+By default, only tags on fetched branches are imported
+(see linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
++
 With `-t <branch>` option, instead of the default glob
 refspec for the remote to track all branches under
 the `refs/remotes/<name>/` namespace, a refspec to track only `<branch>`
@@ -67,14 +70,14 @@ multiple branches without grabbing all branches.
 With `-m <master>` option, a symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set
 up to point at remote's `<master>` branch. See also the set-head command.
 +
-When a fetch mirror is created with `\--mirror=fetch`, the refs will not
+When a fetch mirror is created with `--mirror=fetch`, the refs will not
 be stored in the 'refs/remotes/' namespace, but rather everything in
 'refs/' on the remote will be directly mirrored into 'refs/' in the
 local repository. This option only makes sense in bare repositories,
 because a fetch would overwrite any local commits.
 +
-When a push mirror is created with `\--mirror=push`, then `git push`
-will always behave as if `\--mirror` was passed.
+When a push mirror is created with `--mirror=push`, then `git push`
+will always behave as if `--mirror` was passed.
 
 'rename'::
 
@@ -85,6 +88,7 @@ In case <old> and <new> are the same, and <old> is a file under
 `$GIT_DIR/remotes` or `$GIT_DIR/branches`, the remote is converted to
 the configuration file format.
 
+'remove'::
 'rm'::
 
 Remove the remote named <name>. All remote-tracking branches and
@@ -100,9 +104,9 @@ branch. For example, if the default branch for `origin` is set to
 `master`, then `origin` may be specified wherever you would normally
 specify `origin/master`.
 +
-With `-d`, the symbolic ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is deleted.
+With `-d` or `--delete`, the symbolic ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is deleted.
 +
-With `-a`, the remote is queried to determine its `HEAD`, then the
+With `-a` or `--auto`, the remote is queried to determine its `HEAD`, then the
 symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD` is set to the same branch. e.g., if the remote
 `HEAD` is pointed at `next`, "`git remote set-head origin -a`" will set
 the symbolic-ref `refs/remotes/origin/HEAD` to `refs/remotes/origin/next`. This will
@@ -129,17 +133,25 @@ branches, adds to that list.
 
 'set-url'::
 
-Changes URL remote points to. Sets first URL remote points to matching
+Changes URLs for the remote. Sets first URL for remote <name> that matches
 regex <oldurl> (first URL if no <oldurl> is given) to <newurl>. If
-<oldurl> doesn't match any URL, error occurs and nothing is changed.
+<oldurl> doesn't match any URL, an error occurs and nothing is changed.
 +
 With '--push', push URLs are manipulated instead of fetch URLs.
 +
-With '--add', instead of changing some URL, new URL is added.
+With '--add', instead of changing existing URLs, new URL is added.
++
+With '--delete', instead of changing existing URLs, all URLs matching
+regex <url> are deleted for remote <name>.  Trying to delete all
+non-push URLs is an error.
 +
-With '--delete', instead of changing some URL, all URLs matching
-regex <url> are deleted. Trying to delete all non-push URLs is an
-error.
+Note that the push URL and the fetch URL, even though they can
+be set differently, must still refer to the same place.  What you
+pushed to the push URL should be what you would see if you
+immediately fetched from the fetch URL.  If you are trying to
+fetch from one place (e.g. your upstream) and push to another (e.g.
+your publishing repository), use two separate remotes.
+
 
 'show'::
 
@@ -186,18 +198,25 @@ Examples
 $ git remote
 origin
 $ git branch -r
-origin/master
-$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/linux/nfs-2.6.git
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+$ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git
 $ git remote
-linux-nfs
 origin
-$ git fetch
-* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
-  commit: bf81b46
+staging
+$ git fetch staging
+...
+From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
+ * [new branch]      master     -> staging/master
+ * [new branch]      staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus
+ * [new branch]      staging-next -> staging/staging-next
 $ git branch -r
-origin/master
-linux-nfs/master
-$ git checkout -b nfs linux-nfs/master
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+  staging/master
+  staging/staging-linus
+  staging/staging-next
+$ git checkout -b staging staging/master
 ...
 ------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-repack.txt b/Documentation/git-repack.txt
index 4c1aff65e6..0e0bd363d6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-repack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-repack.txt
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ git-repack - Pack unpacked objects in a repository
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git repack' [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>]
+'git repack' [-a] [-A] [-d] [-f] [-F] [-l] [-n] [-q] [-b] [--window=<n>] [--depth=<n>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This script is used to combine all objects that do not currently
+This command is used to combine all objects that do not currently
 reside in a "pack", into a pack.  It can also be used to re-organize
 existing packs into a single, more efficient pack.
 
@@ -110,6 +110,21 @@ other objects in that pack they already have locally.
 	The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
 	`pack.packSizeLimit` is set.
 
+-b::
+--write-bitmap-index::
+	Write a reachability bitmap index as part of the repack. This
+	only makes sense when used with `-a` or `-A`, as the bitmaps
+	must be able to refer to all reachable objects. This option
+	overrides the setting of `pack.writeBitmaps`.
+
+--pack-kept-objects::
+	Include objects in `.keep` files when repacking.  Note that we
+	still do not delete `.keep` packs after `pack-objects` finishes.
+	This means that we may duplicate objects, but this makes the
+	option safe to use when there are concurrent pushes or fetches.
+	This option is generally only useful if you are writing bitmaps
+	with `-b` or `pack.writeBitmaps`, as it ensures that the
+	bitmapped packfile has the necessary objects.
 
 Configuration
 -------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-replace.txt b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
index 17df525275..8fff598fd6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-replace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-replace.txt
@@ -9,21 +9,28 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git replace' [-f] <object> <replacement>
+'git replace' [-f] --edit <object>
+'git replace' [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]
 'git replace' -d <object>...
-'git replace' -l [<pattern>]
+'git replace' [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Adds a 'replace' reference in `.git/refs/replace/`
+Adds a 'replace' reference in `refs/replace/` namespace.
 
-The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the object that is
-replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA1 of the
+The name of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the object that is
+replaced. The content of the 'replace' reference is the SHA-1 of the
 replacement object.
 
-Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist in
-`.git/refs/replace/` directory.
+The replaced object and the replacement object must be of the same type.
+This restriction can be bypassed using `-f`.
 
-Replacement references will be used by default by all git commands
+Unless `-f` is given, the 'replace' reference must not yet exist.
+
+There is no other restriction on the replaced and replacement objects.
+Merge commits can be replaced by non-merge commits and vice versa.
+
+Replacement references will be used by default by all Git commands
 except those doing reachability traversal (prune, pack transfer and
 fsck).
 
@@ -50,18 +57,79 @@ achieve the same effect as the `--no-replace-objects` option.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -f::
+--force::
 	If an existing replace ref for the same object exists, it will
 	be overwritten (instead of failing).
 
 -d::
+--delete::
 	Delete existing replace refs for the given objects.
 
+--edit <object>::
+	Edit an object's content interactively. The existing content
+	for <object> is pretty-printed into a temporary file, an
+	editor is launched on the file, and the result is parsed to
+	create a new object of the same type as <object>. A
+	replacement ref is then created to replace <object> with the
+	newly created object. See linkgit:git-var[1] for details about
+	how the editor will be chosen.
+
+--raw::
+	When editing, provide the raw object contents rather than
+	pretty-printed ones. Currently this only affects trees, which
+	will be shown in their binary form. This is harder to work with,
+	but can help when repairing a tree that is so corrupted it
+	cannot be pretty-printed. Note that you may need to configure
+	your editor to cleanly read and write binary data.
+
+--graft <commit> [<parent>...]::
+	Create a graft commit. A new commit is created with the same
+	content as <commit> except that its parents will be
+	[<parent>...] instead of <commit>'s parents. A replacement ref
+	is then created to replace <commit> with the newly created
+	commit. See contrib/convert-grafts-to-replace-refs.sh for an
+	example script based on this option that can convert grafts to
+	replace refs.
+
 -l <pattern>::
+--list <pattern>::
 	List replace refs for objects that match the given pattern (or
 	all if no pattern is given).
 	Typing "git replace" without arguments, also lists all replace
 	refs.
 
+--format=<format>::
+	When listing, use the specified <format>, which can be one of
+	'short', 'medium' and 'long'. When omitted, the format
+	defaults to 'short'.
+
+FORMATS
+-------
+
+The following format are available:
+
+* 'short':
+	<replaced sha1>
+* 'medium':
+	<replaced sha1> -> <replacement sha1>
+* 'long':
+	<replaced sha1> (<replaced type>) -> <replacement sha1> (<replacement type>)
+
+CREATING REPLACEMENT OBJECTS
+----------------------------
+
+linkgit:git-filter-branch[1], linkgit:git-hash-object[1] and
+linkgit:git-rebase[1], among other git commands, can be used to create
+replacement objects from existing objects. The `--edit` option can
+also be used with 'git replace' to create a replacement object by
+editing an existing object.
+
+If you want to replace many blobs, trees or commits that are part of a
+string of commits, you may just want to create a replacement string of
+commits and then only replace the commit at the tip of the target
+string of commits with the commit at the tip of the replacement string
+of commits.
+
 BUGS
 ----
 Comparing blobs or trees that have been replaced with those that
@@ -70,14 +138,17 @@ go back to a replaced commit will move the branch to the replacement
 commit instead of the replaced commit.
 
 There may be other problems when using 'git rev-list' related to
-pending objects. And of course things may break if an object of one
-type is replaced by an object of another type (for example a blob
-replaced by a commit).
+pending objects.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
+linkgit:git-hash-object[1]
+linkgit:git-filter-branch[1]
+linkgit:git-rebase[1]
 linkgit:git-tag[1]
 linkgit:git-branch[1]
+linkgit:git-commit[1]
+linkgit:git-var[1]
 linkgit:git[1]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt b/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ec115b9e0..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/git-repo-config.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-git-repo-config(1)
-==================
-
-NAME
-----
-git-repo-config - Get and set repository or global options
-
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-'git repo-config' ...
-
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-
-This is a synonym for linkgit:git-config[1].  Please refer to the
-documentation of that command.
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt b/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt
index b99681ce85..283577b0b6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-request-pull.txt
@@ -13,22 +13,65 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Summarizes the changes between two commits to the standard output, and includes
-the given URL in the generated summary.
+Generate a request asking your upstream project to pull changes into
+their tree.  The request, printed to the standard output, summarizes
+the changes and indicates from where they can be pulled.
+
+The upstream project is expected to have the commit named by
+`<start>` and the output asks it to integrate the changes you made
+since that commit, up to the commit named by `<end>`, by visiting
+the repository named by `<url>`.
+
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -p::
-	Show patch text
+	Include patch text in the output.
 
 <start>::
-	Commit to start at.
+	Commit to start at.  This names a commit that is already in
+	the upstream history.
 
 <url>::
-	URL to include in the summary.
+	The repository URL to be pulled from.
 
 <end>::
-	Commit to end at; defaults to HEAD.
+	Commit to end at (defaults to HEAD).  This names the commit
+	at the tip of the history you are asking to be pulled.
++
+When the repository named by `<url>` has the commit at a tip of a
+ref that is different from the ref you have locally, you can use the
+`<local>:<remote>` syntax, to have its local name, a colon `:`, and
+its remote name.
+
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+Imagine that you built your work on your `master` branch on top of
+the `v1.0` release, and want it to be integrated to the project.
+First you push that change to your public repository for others to
+see:
+
+	git push https://git.ko.xz/project master
+
+Then, you run this command:
+
+	git request-pull v1.0 https://git.ko.xz/project master
+
+which will produce a request to the upstream, summarizing the
+changes between the `v1.0` release and your `master`, to pull it
+from your public repository.
+
+If you pushed your change to a branch whose name is different from
+the one you have locally, e.g.
+
+	git push https://git.ko.xz/project master:for-linus
+
+then you can ask that to be pulled with
+
+	git request-pull v1.0 https://git.ko.xz/project master:for-linus
+
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rerere.txt b/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
index a6253ba617..9ee083c415 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rerere.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-rerere - Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git rerere' ['clear'|'forget' <pathspec>|'diff'|'status'|'gc']
+'git rerere' ['clear'|'forget' <pathspec>|'diff'|'remaining'|'status'|'gc']
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -37,34 +37,39 @@ its working state.
 
 'clear'::
 
-This resets the metadata used by rerere if a merge resolution is to be
+Reset the metadata used by rerere if a merge resolution is to be
 aborted.  Calling 'git am [--skip|--abort]' or 'git rebase [--skip|--abort]'
 will automatically invoke this command.
 
 'forget' <pathspec>::
 
-This resets the conflict resolutions which rerere has recorded for the current
+Reset the conflict resolutions which rerere has recorded for the current
 conflict in <pathspec>.
 
 'diff'::
 
-This displays diffs for the current state of the resolution.  It is
+Display diffs for the current state of the resolution.  It is
 useful for tracking what has changed while the user is resolving
 conflicts.  Additional arguments are passed directly to the system
 'diff' command installed in PATH.
 
 'status'::
 
-Like 'diff', but this only prints the filenames that will be tracked
-for resolutions.
+Print paths with conflicts whose merge resolution rerere will record.
+
+'remaining'::
+
+Print paths with conflicts that have not been autoresolved by rerere.
+This includes paths whose resolutions cannot be tracked by rerere,
+such as conflicting submodules.
 
 'gc'::
 
-This prunes records of conflicted merges that
+Prune records of conflicted merges that
 occurred a long time ago.  By default, unresolved conflicts older
 than 15 days and resolved conflicts older than 60
 days are pruned.  These defaults are controlled via the
-`gc.rerereunresolved` and `gc.rerereresolved` configuration
+`gc.rerereUnresolved` and `gc.rerereResolved` configuration
 variables respectively.
 
 
@@ -96,15 +101,15 @@ One way to do it is to pull master into the topic branch:
 
 The commits marked with `*` touch the same area in the same
 file; you need to resolve the conflicts when creating the commit
-marked with `{plus}`.  Then you can test the result to make sure your
+marked with `+`.  Then you can test the result to make sure your
 work-in-progress still works with what is in the latest master.
 
 After this test merge, there are two ways to continue your work
 on the topic.  The easiest is to build on top of the test merge
-commit `{plus}`, and when your work in the topic branch is finally
+commit `+`, and when your work in the topic branch is finally
 ready, pull the topic branch into master, and/or ask the
 upstream to pull from you.  By that time, however, the master or
-the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `{plus}`,
+the upstream might have been advanced since the test merge `+`,
 in which case the final commit graph would look like this:
 
 ------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-reset.txt b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
index b674866e6d..25432d9257 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-reset.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-reset.txt
@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@ git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]
-'git reset' (--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep) [-q] [<commit>]
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]
+'git reset' [--soft | --mixed [-N] | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-In the first and second form, copy entries from <commit> to the index.
+In the first and second form, copy entries from <tree-ish> to the index.
 In the third form, set the current branch head (HEAD) to <commit>, optionally
-modifying index and working tree to match.  The <commit> defaults to HEAD
-in all forms.
+modifying index and working tree to match.  The <tree-ish>/<commit> defaults
+to HEAD in all forms.
 
-'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>...::
+'git reset' [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...::
 	This form resets the index entries for all <paths> to their
-	state at <commit>.  (It does not affect the working tree, nor
+	state at <tree-ish>.  (It does not affect the working tree or
 	the current branch.)
 +
 This means that `git reset <paths>` is the opposite of `git add
@@ -34,24 +34,24 @@ Alternatively, using linkgit:git-checkout[1] and specifying a commit, you
 can copy the contents of a path out of a commit to the index and to the
 working tree in one go.
 
-'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]::
+'git reset' (--patch | -p) [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]::
 	Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
-	and <commit> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
+	and <tree-ish> (defaults to HEAD).  The chosen hunks are applied
 	in reverse to the index.
 +
 This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p`, i.e.
 you can use it to selectively reset hunks. See the ``Interactive Mode''
-section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode.
+section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
 
-'git reset' --<mode> [<commit>]::
+'git reset' [<mode>] [<commit>]::
 	This form resets the current branch head to <commit> and
 	possibly updates the index (resetting it to the tree of <commit>) and
-	the working tree depending on <mode>, which
-	must be one of the following:
+	the working tree depending on <mode>. If <mode> is omitted,
+	defaults to "--mixed". The <mode> must be one of the following:
 +
 --
 --soft::
-	Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all (but
+	Does not touch the index file or the working tree at all (but
 	resets the head to <commit>, just like all modes do). This leaves
 	all your changed files "Changes to be committed", as 'git status'
 	would put it.
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ section of linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode.
 	Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
 	are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
 	been updated. This is the default action.
++
+If `-N` is specified, removed paths are marked as intent-to-add (see
+linkgit:git-add[1]).
 
 --hard::
 	Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the
@@ -115,7 +118,7 @@ and changes with these files are distracting.
 <2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
 <3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
 not match the HEAD commit).  But you know the pull you are going
-to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
+to make does not affect frotz.c or filfre.c, so you revert the
 index changes for these two files.  Your changes in working tree
 remain there.
 <4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
index 38fafcaa6b..5b119220bf 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-list.txt
@@ -40,13 +40,14 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	     [ \--right-only ]
 	     [ \--cherry-mark ]
 	     [ \--cherry-pick ]
-	     [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ]
+	     [ \--encoding=<encoding> ]
 	     [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
 	     [ \--regexp-ignore-case | -i ]
 	     [ \--extended-regexp | -E ]
 	     [ \--fixed-strings | -F ]
-	     [ \--date=(local|relative|default|iso|rfc|short) ]
-	     [ [\--objects | \--objects-edge] [ \--unpacked ] ]
+	     [ \--date=(local|relative|default|iso|iso-strict|rfc|short) ]
+	     [ [ \--objects | \--objects-edge | \--objects-edge-aggressive ]
+	       [ \--unpacked ] ]
 	     [ \--pretty | \--header ]
 	     [ \--bisect ]
 	     [ \--bisect-vars ]
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	     [ \--reverse ]
 	     [ \--walk-reflogs ]
 	     [ \--no-walk ] [ \--do-walk ]
+	     [ \--use-bitmap-index ]
 	     <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ]
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ between the two operands.  The following two commands are equivalent:
 	$ git rev-list A...B
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-'rev-list' is a very essential git command, since it
+'rev-list' is a very essential Git command, since it
 provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
 this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
 used by commands as different as 'git bisect' and
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
index 8023dc086d..d6de42f74e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rev-parse.txt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Many git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
+Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
 (i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
 meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
 and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
@@ -24,9 +24,23 @@ distinguish between them.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+
+Operation Modes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Each of these options must appear first on the command line.
+
 --parseopt::
 	Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
 
+--sq-quote::
+	Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
+	section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
+	mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+
+Options for --parseopt
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 --keep-dashdash::
 	Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
 	out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
@@ -36,10 +50,12 @@ OPTIONS
 	the first non-option argument.  This can be used to parse sub-commands
 	that take options themselves.
 
---sq-quote::
-	Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
-	section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
-	mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
+--stuck-long::
+	Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Output the options in their
+	long form if available, and with their arguments stuck.
+
+Options for Filtering
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --revs-only::
 	Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
@@ -55,19 +71,50 @@ OPTIONS
 --no-flags::
 	Do not output flag parameters.
 
+Options for Output
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
 --default <arg>::
 	If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
 	instead.
 
+--prefix <arg>::
+	Behave as if 'git rev-parse' was invoked from the `<arg>`
+	subdirectory of the working tree.  Any relative filenames are
+	resolved as if they are prefixed by `<arg>` and will be printed
+	in that form.
++
+This can be used to convert arguments to a command run in a subdirectory
+so that they can still be used after moving to the top-level of the
+repository.  For example:
++
+----
+prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
+eval "set -- $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$prefix" "$@")"
+----
+
 --verify::
-	The parameter given must be usable as a single, valid
-	object name.  Otherwise barf and abort.
+	Verify that exactly one parameter is provided, and that it
+	can be turned into a raw 20-byte SHA-1 that can be used to
+	access the object database. If so, emit it to the standard
+	output; otherwise, error out.
++
+If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in
+your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object
+you require, you can add "\^{type}" peeling operator to the parameter.
+For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR`
+names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an
+annotated tag that points at a commit).  To make sure that `$VAR`
+names an existing object of any type, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{object}"`
+can be used.
 
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Only meaningful in `--verify` mode. Do not output an error
 	message if the first argument is not a valid object name;
 	instead exit with non-zero status silently.
+	SHA-1s for valid object names are printed to stdout on success.
 
 --sq::
 	Usually the output is made one line per flag and
@@ -83,8 +130,19 @@ OPTIONS
 	strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
 	one.
 
+--abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
+	A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
+	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
+	abbreviation mode.
+
+--short::
+--short=number::
+	Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to
+	abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
+	7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+
 --symbolic::
-	Usually the object names are output in SHA1 form (with
+	Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with
 	possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
 	form as close to the original input as possible.
 
@@ -96,10 +154,8 @@ OPTIONS
 	unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
 	refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
 
---abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
-	A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
-	The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
-	abbreviation mode.
+Options for Objects
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --all::
 	Show all refs found in `refs/`.
@@ -113,35 +169,51 @@ OPTIONS
 +
 If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are
 shown.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
-`{asterisk}`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by
-appending `/{asterisk}`.
+`*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/*`.
 
 --glob=pattern::
 	Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If
 	the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically
 	prepended.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing
-	character (`?`, `{asterisk}`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
-	match by appending `/{asterisk}`.
+	character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
+	match by appending `/*`.
+
+--exclude=<glob-pattern>::
+	Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`,
+	`--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise
+	consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
+	up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or
+	`--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear
+	accumulated patterns).
++
+The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or
+`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`,
+respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob`
+or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given
+explicitly.
 
---show-toplevel::
-	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+--disambiguate=<prefix>::
+	Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
+	The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
+	avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
+	mistake.
 
---show-prefix::
-	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
-	path of the current directory relative to the top-level
-	directory.
+Options for Files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
---show-cdup::
-	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
-	path of the top-level directory relative to the current
-	directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+--local-env-vars::
+	List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
+	repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
+	Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
+	even if they are set.
 
 --git-dir::
 	Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to
-	the .git directory, relative to the current directory.
+	the .git directory. The path shown, when relative, is
+	relative to the current working directory.
 +
 If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory
-is not detected to lie in a git repository or work tree
+is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree
 print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 
 --is-inside-git-dir::
@@ -155,17 +227,31 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 --is-bare-repository::
 	When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
 
---local-env-vars::
-	List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
-	repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
-	Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
-	even if they are set.
+--resolve-git-dir <path>::
+	Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that
+	points at a valid repository, and print the location of the
+	repository.  If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path
+	to the real repository is printed.
 
---short::
---short=number::
-	Instead of outputting the full SHA1 values of object names try to
-	abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
-	7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
+--show-cdup::
+	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+	path of the top-level directory relative to the current
+	directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
+
+--show-prefix::
+	When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
+	path of the current directory relative to the top-level
+	directory.
+
+--show-toplevel::
+	Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
+
+--shared-index-path::
+	Show the path to the shared index file in split index mode, or
+	empty if not in split-index mode.
+
+Other Options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --since=datestring::
 --after=datestring::
@@ -180,10 +266,6 @@ print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 <args>...::
 	Flags and parameters to be parsed.
 
---resolve-git-dir <path>::
-	Check if <path> is a valid git-dir or a git-file pointing to a valid
-	git-dir. If <path> is a valid git-dir the resolved path to git-dir will
-	be printed.
 
 include::revisions.txt[]
 
@@ -207,26 +289,28 @@ Input Format
 
 'git rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts,
 separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator
-(should be more than one) are used for the usage.
+(should be one or more) are used for the usage.
 The lines after the separator describe the options.
 
 Each line of options has this format:
 
 ------------
-<opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF
+<opt-spec><flags>*<arg-hint>? SP+ help LF
 ------------
 
-`<opt_spec>`::
+`<opt-spec>`::
 	its format is the short option character, then the long option name
 	separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one
 	is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct
-	`<opt_spec>`.
+	`<opt-spec>`.
 
 `<flags>`::
 	`<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`.
 	* Use `=` if the option takes an argument.
 
-	* Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged).
+	* Use `?` to mean that the option takes an optional argument. You
+	  probably want to use the `--stuck-long` mode to be able to
+	  unambiguously parse the optional argument.
 
 	* Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage
 	  generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as
@@ -234,6 +318,12 @@ Each line of options has this format:
 
 	* Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available.
 
+`<arg-hint>`::
+	`<arg-hint>`, if specified, is used as a name of the argument in the
+	help output, for options that take arguments. `<arg-hint>` is
+	terminated by the first whitespace.  It is customary to use a
+	dash to separate words in a multi-word argument hint.
+
 The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used
 as the help associated to the option.
 
@@ -254,6 +344,8 @@ h,help    show the help
 
 foo       some nifty option --foo
 bar=      some cool option --bar with an argument
+baz=arg   another cool option --baz with a named argument
+qux?path  qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself
 
   An option group Header
 C?        option C with an optional argument"
@@ -261,6 +353,28 @@ C?        option C with an optional argument"
 eval "$(echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)"
 ------------
 
+
+Usage text
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When `"$@"` is `-h` or `--help` in the above example, the following
+usage text would be shown:
+
+------------
+usage: some-command [options] <args>...
+
+    some-command does foo and bar!
+
+    -h, --help            show the help
+    --foo                 some nifty option --foo
+    --bar ...             some cool option --bar with an argument
+    --baz <arg>           another cool option --baz with a named argument
+    --qux[=<path>]        qux may take a path argument but has meaning by itself
+
+An option group Header
+    -C[...]               option C with an optional argument
+------------
+
 SQ-QUOTE
 --------
 
@@ -300,12 +414,12 @@ $ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
 * Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
 +
 ------------
-$ git rev-parse --verify $REV
+$ git rev-parse --verify $REV^{commit}
 ------------
 +
 This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
 
-* Same as above:
+* Similar to above:
 +
 ------------
 $ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
diff --git a/Documentation/git-revert.txt b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
index b699a3458e..cceb5f2f7f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-revert.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-revert.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-revert - Revert some existing commits
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git revert' [--edit | --no-edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] <commit>...
+'git revert' [--[no-]edit] [-n] [-m parent-number] [-s] [-S[<key-id>]] <commit>...
 'git revert' --continue
 'git revert' --quit
 'git revert' --abort
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ throw away all uncommitted changes in your working directory, you
 should see linkgit:git-reset[1], particularly the '--hard' option.  If
 you want to extract specific files as they were in another commit, you
 should see linkgit:git-checkout[1], specifically the `git checkout
-<commit> \-- <filename>` syntax.  Take care with these alternatives as
+<commit> -- <filename>` syntax.  Take care with these alternatives as
 both will discard uncommitted changes in your working directory.
 
 OPTIONS
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ brought in by the merge.  As a result, later merges will only bring in tree
 changes introduced by commits that are not ancestors of the previously
 reverted merge.  This may or may not be what you want.
 +
-See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for
+See the link:howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html[revert-a-faulty-merge How-To] for
 more details.
 
 --no-edit::
@@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ more details.
 This is useful when reverting more than one commits'
 effect to your index in a row.
 
+-S[<key-id>]::
+--gpg-sign[=<key-id>]::
+	GPG-sign commits.
+
 -s::
 --signoff::
 	Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
@@ -105,7 +109,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 	Revert the changes specified by the fourth last commit in HEAD
 	and create a new commit with the reverted changes.
 
-`git revert -n master{tilde}5..master{tilde}2`::
+`git revert -n master~5..master~2`::
 
 	Revert the changes done by commits from the fifth last commit
 	in master (included) to the third last commit in master
diff --git a/Documentation/git-rm.txt b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
index 665ad4ddab..f1efc116eb 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-rm.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-rm.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 <file>...::
 	Files to remove.  Fileglobs (e.g. `*.c`) can be given to
-	remove all matching files.  If you want git to expand
+	remove all matching files.  If you want Git to expand
 	file glob characters, you may need to shell-escape them.
 	A leading directory name
 	(e.g. `dir` to remove `dir/file1` and `dir/file2`) can be
@@ -74,13 +74,12 @@ DISCUSSION
 
 The <file> list given to the command can be exact pathnames,
 file glob patterns, or leading directory names.  The command
-removes only the paths that are known to git.  Giving the name of
-a file that you have not told git about does not remove that file.
+removes only the paths that are known to Git.  Giving the name of
+a file that you have not told Git about does not remove that file.
 
 File globbing matches across directory boundaries.  Thus, given
 two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between
-using `git rm {apostrophe}d{asterisk}{apostrophe}` and
-`git rm {apostrophe}d/{asterisk}{apostrophe}`, as the former will
+using `git rm 'd*'` and `git rm 'd/*'`, as the former will
 also remove all of directory `d2`.
 
 REMOVING FILES THAT HAVE DISAPPEARED FROM THE FILESYSTEM
@@ -135,6 +134,27 @@ use the following command:
 git diff --name-only --diff-filter=D -z | xargs -0 git rm --cached
 ----------------
 
+SUBMODULES
+----------
+Only submodules using a gitfile (which means they were cloned
+with a Git version 1.7.8 or newer) will be removed from the work
+tree, as their repository lives inside the .git directory of the
+superproject. If a submodule (or one of those nested inside it)
+still uses a .git directory, `git rm` will fail - no matter if forced
+or not - to protect the submodule's history. If it exists the
+submodule.<name> section in the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file will also
+be removed and that file will be staged (unless --cached or -n are used).
+
+A submodule is considered up-to-date when the HEAD is the same as
+recorded in the index, no tracked files are modified and no untracked
+files that aren't ignored are present in the submodules work tree.
+Ignored files are deemed expendable and won't stop a submodule's work
+tree from being removed.
+
+If you only want to remove the local checkout of a submodule from your
+work tree without committing the removal,
+use linkgit:git-submodule[1] `deinit` instead.
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 `git rm Documentation/\*.txt`::
@@ -142,7 +162,7 @@ EXAMPLES
 	`Documentation` directory and any of its subdirectories.
 +
 Note that the asterisk `*` is quoted from the shell in this
-example; this lets git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
+example; this lets Git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
 of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory.
 
 `git rm -f git-*.sh`::
@@ -150,6 +170,15 @@ of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory.
 	(i.e. you are listing the files explicitly), it
 	does not remove `subdir/git-foo.sh`.
 
+BUGS
+----
+Each time a superproject update removes a populated submodule
+(e.g. when switching between commits before and after the removal) a
+stale submodule checkout will remain in the old location. Removing the
+old directory is only safe when it uses a gitfile, as otherwise the
+history of the submodule will be deleted too. This step will be
+obsolete when recursive submodule update has been implemented.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-add[1]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
index 324117072d..804554609d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-email.txt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ files in the directory), or directly as a revision list.  In the
 last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
 be passed to git send-email.
 
-The header of the email is configurable by command line options.  If not
+The header of the email is configurable via command-line options.  If not
 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
 enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
 
@@ -45,8 +45,9 @@ Composing
 ~~~~~~~~~
 
 --annotate::
-	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. See the
-	CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
+	Review and edit each patch you're about to send. Default is the value
+	of 'sendemail.annotate'. See the CONFIGURATION section for
+	'sendemail.multiEdit'.
 
 --bcc=<address>::
 	Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
@@ -67,17 +68,17 @@ The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
-(or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
+(or Git: prefixed) lines, the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
 +
 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
 +
-See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
+See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiEdit'.
 
 --from=<address>::
 	Specify the sender of the emails.  If not specified on the command line,
 	the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used.  If
-	neither the command line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
+	neither the command-line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
 	user will be prompted for the value.  The default for the prompt will be
 	the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
 	set, as returned by "git var -l".
@@ -126,6 +127,25 @@ The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
 +
 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
 
+--compose-encoding=<encoding>::
+	Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
+	'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
+
+--transfer-encoding=(7bit|8bit|quoted-printable|base64)::
+	Specify the transfer encoding to be used to send the message over SMTP.
+	7bit will fail upon encountering a non-ASCII message.  quoted-printable
+	can be useful when the repository contains files that contain carriage
+	returns, but makes the raw patch email file (as saved from a MUA) much
+	harder to inspect manually.  base64 is even more fool proof, but also
+	even more opaque.  Default is the value of the 'sendemail.transferEncoding'
+	configuration value; if that is unspecified, git will use 8bit and not
+	add a Content-Transfer-Encoding header.
+
+--xmailer::
+--no-xmailer::
+	Add (or prevent adding) the "X-Mailer:" header.  By default,
+	the header is added, but it can be turned off by setting the
+	`sendemail.xmailer` configuration variable to `false`.
 
 Sending
 ~~~~~~~
@@ -136,39 +156,39 @@ Sending
 	subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
 	value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
 	suitable privileges for the -f parameter.  Default is the value of the
-	'sendemail.envelopesender' configuration variable; if that is
+	'sendemail.envelopeSender' configuration variable; if that is
 	unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
 
 --smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
 	Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'.  Any other
 	value reverts to plain SMTP.  Default is the value of
-	'sendemail.smtpencryption'.
+	'sendemail.smtpEncryption'.
 
 --smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
 	Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
 	HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server.  Some servers require the
 	FQDN to match your IP address.  If not set, git send-email attempts
 	to determine your FQDN automatically.  Default is the value of
-	'sendemail.smtpdomain'.
+	'sendemail.smtpDomain'.
 
 --smtp-pass[=<password>]::
 	Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
 	argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
-	the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtppass',
+	the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpPass',
 	however '--smtp-pass' always overrides this value.
 +
 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
-'--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
-specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then the
-user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
+'--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpUser'), but no password has been
+specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtpPass'), then
+a password is obtained using 'git-credential'.
 
 --smtp-server=<host>::
 	If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
 	`smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address).  Alternatively it can
 	specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
 	the program must support the `-i` option.  Default value can
-	be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserver' configuration
+	be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpServer' configuration
 	option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
 	`/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
 	`localhost` otherwise.
@@ -179,11 +199,11 @@ user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
 	submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
 	symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
 	are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
-	'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
+	'sendemail.smtpServerPort' configuration variable.
 
 --smtp-server-option=<option>::
 	If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
-	Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserveroption'
+	Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpServerOption'
 	configuration option.
 +
 The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
@@ -193,9 +213,20 @@ must be used for each option.
 --smtp-ssl::
 	Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
 
+--smtp-ssl-cert-path::
+	Path to a store of trusted CA certificates for SMTP SSL/TLS
+	certificate validation (either a directory that has been processed
+	by 'c_rehash', or a single file containing one or more PEM format
+	certificates concatenated together: see verify(1) -CAfile and
+	-CApath for more information on these). Set it to an empty string
+	to disable certificate verification. Defaults to the value of the
+	'sendemail.smtpsslcertpath' configuration variable, if set, or the
+	backing SSL library's compiled-in default otherwise (which should
+	be the best choice on most platforms).
+
 --smtp-user=<user>::
-	Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
-	if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
+	Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpUser';
+	if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpUser'),
 	then authentication is not attempted.
 
 --smtp-debug=0|1::
@@ -216,14 +247,14 @@ Automating
 	Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
 	should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
 	Output of this command must be single email address per line.
-	Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccmd' configuration value.
+	Default is the value of 'sendemail.ccCmd' configuration value.
 
 --[no-]chain-reply-to::
 	If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
 	email sent.  If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
 	the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent.  When using
 	this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
-	entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainreplyto'
+	entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainReplyTo'
 	configuration variable can be used to enable it.
 
 --identity=<identity>::
@@ -237,6 +268,18 @@ Automating
 	cc list. Default is the value of 'sendemail.signedoffbycc' configuration
 	value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
 
+--[no-]cc-cover::
+	If this is set, emails found in Cc: headers in the first patch of
+	the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the cc list
+	for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccover'
+	configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-cc-cover.
+
+--[no-]to-cover::
+	If this is set, emails found in To: headers in the first patch of
+	the series (typically the cover letter) are added to the to list
+	for each email set. Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocover'
+	configuration value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-to-cover.
+
 --suppress-cc=<category>::
 	Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
 	auto-cc of:
@@ -261,7 +304,7 @@ specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
 
 --[no-]suppress-from::
 	If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
-	Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressfrom' configuration
+	Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressFrom' configuration
 	value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
 
 --[no-]thread::
@@ -334,15 +377,15 @@ default to '--validate'.
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
-sendemail.aliasesfile::
+sendemail.aliasesFile::
 	To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
-	email aliases files.  You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasfiletype'.
+	email aliases files.  You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasFileType'.
 
-sendemail.aliasfiletype::
-	Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
+sendemail.aliasFileType::
+	Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesFile. Must be
 	one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus'.
 
-sendemail.multiedit::
+sendemail.multiEdit::
 	If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
 	files you have to edit (patches when '--annotate' is used, and the
 	summary when '--compose' is used). If false, files will be edited one
@@ -361,10 +404,10 @@ To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
 edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
 
 	[sendemail]
-		smtpencryption = tls
-		smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com
-		smtpuser = yourname@gmail.com
-		smtpserverport = 587
+		smtpEncryption = tls
+		smtpServer = smtp.gmail.com
+		smtpUser = yourname@gmail.com
+		smtpServerPort = 587
 
 Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
 following commands:
diff --git a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
index bd3eaa69bf..45c7725dc3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-send-pack.txt
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ git-send-pack(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-send-pack - Push objects over git protocol to another repository
+git-send-pack - Push objects over Git protocol to another repository
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git send-pack' [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]
+'git send-pack' [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ OPTIONS
 	Instead of explicitly specifying which refs to update,
 	update all heads that locally exist.
 
+--stdin::
+	Take the list of refs from stdin, one per line. If there
+	are refs specified on the command line in addition to this
+	option, then the refs from stdin are processed after those
+	on the command line.
++
+If '--stateless-rpc' is specified together with this option then
+the list of refs must be in packet format (pkt-line). Each ref must
+be in a separate packet, and the list must end with a flush packet.
+
 --dry-run::
 	Do everything except actually send the updates.
 
@@ -52,6 +62,11 @@ OPTIONS
 	Send a "thin" pack, which records objects in deltified form based
 	on objects not included in the pack to reduce network traffic.
 
+--atomic::
+	Use an atomic transaction for updating the refs. If any of the refs
+	fails to update then the entire push will fail without changing any
+	refs.
+
 <host>::
 	A remote host to house the repository.  When this
 	part is specified, 'git-receive-pack' is invoked via
@@ -77,7 +92,8 @@ this flag.
 Without '--all' and without any '<ref>', the heads that exist
 both on the local side and on the remote side are updated.
 
-When one or more '<ref>' are specified explicitly, it can be either a
+When one or more '<ref>' are specified explicitly (whether on the
+command line or via `--stdin`), it can be either a
 single pattern, or a pair of such pattern separated by a colon
 ":" (this means that a ref name cannot have a colon in it).  A
 single pattern '<name>' is just a shorthand for '<name>:<name>'.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt b/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt
index 5c3ec327bb..2ffaf9392e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ plumbing scripts and/or are writing new ones.
 'git sh-i18n{litdd}envsubst' is Git's stripped-down copy of the GNU
 `envsubst(1)` program that comes with the GNU gettext package. It's
 used internally by linkgit:git-sh-i18n[1] to interpolate the variables
-passed to the the `eval_gettext` function.
+passed to the `eval_gettext` function.
 
 No promises are made about the interface, or that this
 program won't disappear without warning in the next version
diff --git a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
index 5e5f1c8964..4f67c4cde6 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-sh-setup.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-sh-setup(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-sh-setup - Common git shell script setup code
+git-sh-setup - Common Git shell script setup code
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Porcelain-ish scripts and/or are writing new ones.
 
 The 'git sh-setup' scriptlet is designed to be sourced (using
 `.`) by other shell scripts to set up some variables pointing at
-the normal git directories and a few helper shell functions.
+the normal Git directories and a few helper shell functions.
 
 Before sourcing it, your script should set up a few variables;
 `USAGE` (and `LONG_USAGE`, if any) is used to define message
@@ -41,9 +41,11 @@ usage::
 	die with the usage message.
 
 set_reflog_action::
-	set the message that will be recorded to describe the
-	end-user action in the reflog, when the script updates a
-	ref.
+	Set GIT_REFLOG_ACTION environment to a given string (typically
+	the name of the program) unless it is already set.  Whenever
+	the script runs a `git` command that updates refs, a reflog
+	entry is created using the value of this string to leave the
+	record of what command updated the ref.
 
 git_editor::
 	runs an editor of user's choice (GIT_EDITOR, core.editor, VISUAL or
@@ -82,6 +84,12 @@ get_author_ident_from_commit::
 	outputs code for use with eval to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME,
 	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL and GIT_AUTHOR_DATE variables for a given commit.
 
+create_virtual_base::
+	modifies the first file so only lines in common with the
+	second file remain. If there is insufficient common material,
+	then the first file is left empty. The result is suitable
+	as a virtual base input for a 3-way merge.
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shell.txt b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
index 9b9250600f..e4bdd2235c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shell.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shell.txt
@@ -9,25 +9,81 @@ git-shell - Restricted login shell for Git-only SSH access
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git shell' [-c <command> <argument>]
+'chsh' -s $(command -v git-shell) <user>
+'git clone' <user>`@localhost:/path/to/repo.git`
+'ssh' <user>`@localhost`
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-A login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access. When
-'-c' is given, the program executes <command> non-interactively;
-<command> can be one of 'git receive-pack', 'git upload-pack', 'git
-upload-archive', 'cvs server', or a command in COMMAND_DIR. The shell
-is started in interactive mode when no arguments are given; in this
-case, COMMAND_DIR must exist, and any of the executables in it can be
-invoked.
+This is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access.
+It permits execution only of server-side Git commands implementing the
+pull/push functionality, plus custom commands present in a subdirectory
+named `git-shell-commands` in the user's home directory.
 
-'cvs server' is a special command which executes git-cvsserver.
+COMMANDS
+--------
+
+'git shell' accepts the following commands after the '-c' option:
+
+'git receive-pack <argument>'::
+'git upload-pack <argument>'::
+'git upload-archive <argument>'::
+	Call the corresponding server-side command to support
+	the client's 'git push', 'git fetch', or 'git archive --remote'
+	request.
+'cvs server'::
+	Imitate a CVS server.  See linkgit:git-cvsserver[1].
+
+If a `~/git-shell-commands` directory is present, 'git shell' will
+also handle other, custom commands by running
+"`git-shell-commands/<command> <arguments>`" from the user's home
+directory.
+
+INTERACTIVE USE
+---------------
+
+By default, the commands above can be executed only with the '-c'
+option; the shell is not interactive.
+
+If a `~/git-shell-commands` directory is present, 'git shell'
+can also be run interactively (with no arguments).  If a `help`
+command is present in the `git-shell-commands` directory, it is
+run to provide the user with an overview of allowed actions.  Then a
+"git> " prompt is presented at which one can enter any of the
+commands from the `git-shell-commands` directory, or `exit` to close
+the connection.
 
-COMMAND_DIR is the path "$HOME/git-shell-commands". The user must have
-read and execute permissions to the directory in order to execute the
-programs in it. The programs are executed with a cwd of $HOME, and
-<argument> is parsed as a command-line string.
+Generally this mode is used as an administrative interface to allow
+users to list repositories they have access to, create, delete, or
+rename repositories, or change repository descriptions and
+permissions.
+
+If a `no-interactive-login` command exists, then it is run and the
+interactive shell is aborted.
+
+EXAMPLE
+-------
+
+To disable interactive logins, displaying a greeting instead:
+
+----------------
+$ chsh -s /usr/bin/git-shell
+$ mkdir $HOME/git-shell-commands
+$ cat >$HOME/git-shell-commands/no-interactive-login <<\EOF
+#!/bin/sh
+printf '%s\n' "Hi $USER! You've successfully authenticated, but I do not"
+printf '%s\n' "provide interactive shell access."
+exit 128
+EOF
+$ chmod +x $HOME/git-shell-commands/no-interactive-login
+----------------
+
+SEE ALSO
+--------
+ssh(1),
+linkgit:git-daemon[1],
+contrib/git-shell-commands/README
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
index ff3755b4c7..31af7f2736 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-shortlog.txt
@@ -8,14 +8,13 @@ git-shortlog - Summarize 'git log' output
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [-h] [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w]
-'git shortlog' [-n|--numbered] [-s|--summary] [-e|--email] [-w[<width>[,<indent1>[,<indent2>]]]] <commit>...
+git log --pretty=short | 'git shortlog' [<options>]
+'git shortlog' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[\--] <path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Summarizes 'git log' output in a format suitable for inclusion
-in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and
-the first line of the commit message will be shown.
+in release announcements. Each commit will be grouped by author and title.
 
 Additionally, "[PATCH]" will be stripped from the commit description.
 
@@ -27,10 +26,6 @@ reference to the current repository.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
--h::
---help::
-	Print a short usage message and exit.
-
 -n::
 --numbered::
 	Sort output according to the number of commits per author instead
@@ -47,7 +42,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --format[=<format>]::
 	Instead of the commit subject, use some other information to
 	describe each commit.  '<format>' can be any string accepted
-	by the `--format` option of 'git log', such as '{asterisk} [%h] %s'.
+	by the `--format` option of 'git log', such as '* [%h] %s'.
 	(See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section of linkgit:git-log[1].)
 
 	Each pretty-printed commit will be rewrapped before it is shown.
@@ -57,7 +52,25 @@ OPTIONS
 	line of each entry is indented by `indent1` spaces, and the second
 	and subsequent lines are indented by `indent2` spaces. `width`,
 	`indent1`, and `indent2` default to 76, 6 and 9 respectively.
-
++
+If width is `0` (zero) then indent the lines of the output without wrapping
+them.
+
+<revision range>::
+	Show only commits in the specified revision range.  When no
+	<revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
+	whole history leading to the current commit).  `origin..HEAD`
+	specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
+	(i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
+	ways to spell <revision range>, see the "Specifying Ranges"
+	section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
+
+[\--] <path>...::
+	Consider only commits that are enough to explain how the files
+	that match the specified paths came to be.
++
+Paths may need to be prefixed with "\-- " to separate them from
+options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
 
 MAPPING AUTHORS
 ---------------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
index a8e77b5350..b91d4e545b 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-branch.txt
@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ and/or refs/tags) semi-visually.
 It cannot show more than 29 branches and commits at a time.
 
 It uses `showbranch.default` multi-valued configuration items if
-no <rev> nor <glob> is given on the command line.
+no <rev> or <glob> is given on the command line.
 
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 <rev>::
-	Arbitrary extended SHA1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7])
+	Arbitrary extended SHA-1 expression (see linkgit:gitrevisions[7])
 	that typically names a branch head or a tag.
 
 <glob>::
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ displayed, indented N places.  If a commit is on the I-th
 branch, the I-th indentation character shows a `+` sign;
 otherwise it shows a space.  Merge commits are denoted by
 a `-` sign.  Each commit shows a short name that
-can be used as an extended SHA1 to name that commit.
+can be used as an extended SHA-1 to name that commit.
 
 The following example shows three branches, "master", "fixes"
 and "mhf":
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
index 2dcbbb2454..fbdc8adae5 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-index.txt
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with
+Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with
 'git pack-objects' command, and dumps its contents.
 
 The information it outputs is subset of what you can get from
 'git verify-pack -v'; this command only shows the packfile
-offset and SHA1 of each object.
+offset and SHA-1 of each object.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
index fcee0008a9..2a6f89b235 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show-ref.txt
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ commit IDs. Results can be filtered using a pattern and tags can be
 dereferenced into object IDs. Additionally, it can be used to test whether a
 particular ref exists.
 
+By default, shows the tags, heads, and remote refs.
+
 The --exclude-existing form is a filter that does the inverse, it shows the
 refs from stdin that don't exist in the local repository.
 
@@ -32,14 +34,14 @@ OPTIONS
 
 --head::
 
-	Show the HEAD reference.
+	Show the HEAD reference, even if it would normally be filtered out.
 
 --tags::
 --heads::
 
-	Limit to only "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively.  These
-	options are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored
-	in "refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed.
+	Limit to "refs/heads" and "refs/tags", respectively.  These options
+	are not mutually exclusive; when given both, references stored in
+	"refs/heads" and "refs/tags" are displayed.
 
 -d::
 --dereference::
@@ -50,8 +52,8 @@ OPTIONS
 -s::
 --hash[=<n>]::
 
-	Only show the SHA1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
-	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA1.
+	Only show the SHA-1 hash, not the reference name. When combined with
+	--dereference the dereferenced tag will still be shown after the SHA-1.
 
 --verify::
 
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ OPTIONS
 --exclude-existing[=<pattern>]::
 
 	Make 'git show-ref' act as a filter that reads refs from stdin of the
-	form "`{caret}(?:<anything>\s)?<refname>(?:{backslash}{caret}{})?$`"
+	form "`^(?:<anything>\s)?<refname>(?:\^{})?$`"
 	and performs the following actions on each:
 	(1) strip "{caret}{}" at the end of line if any;
 	(2) ignore if pattern is provided and does not head-match refname;
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	Show references matching one or more patterns. Patterns are matched from
 	the end of the full name, and only complete parts are matched, e.g.
 	'master' matches 'refs/heads/master', 'refs/remotes/origin/master',
-	'refs/tags/jedi/master' but not 'refs/heads/mymaster' nor
+	'refs/tags/jedi/master' but not 'refs/heads/mymaster' or
 	'refs/remotes/master/jedi'.
 
 OUTPUT
@@ -173,6 +175,7 @@ FILES
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
+linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1],
 linkgit:git-ls-remote[1],
 linkgit:git-update-ref[1],
 linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
diff --git a/Documentation/git-show.txt b/Documentation/git-show.txt
index 1e38819e67..4e617e6979 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-show.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-show.txt
@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ include::pretty-options.txt[]
 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
 
+COMMON DIFF OPTIONS
+-------------------
+
+:git-log: 1
+include::diff-options.txt[]
+
+include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
+
+
 EXAMPLES
 --------
 
@@ -52,10 +61,10 @@ EXAMPLES
 	Shows the tag `v1.0.0`, along with the object the tags
 	points at.
 
-`git show v1.0.0^\{tree\}`::
+`git show v1.0.0^{tree}`::
 	Shows the tree pointed to by the tag `v1.0.0`.
 
-`git show -s --format=%s v1.0.0^\{commit\}`::
+`git show -s --format=%s v1.0.0^{commit}`::
 	Shows the subject of the commit pointed to by the
 	tag `v1.0.0`.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stage.txt b/Documentation/git-stage.txt
index ba3fe0d7f5..25bcda936d 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stage.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stage.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 git-stage(1)
-==============
+============
 
 NAME
 ----
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stash.txt b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
index 43af38aa4b..375213fe46 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stash.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stash.txt
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git stash' drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
 'git stash' ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]
 'git stash' branch <branchname> [<stash>]
-'git stash' [save [--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
+'git stash' [save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet]
 	     [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [<message>]]
 'git stash' clear
-'git stash' create
+'git stash' create [<message>]
+'git stash' store [-m|--message <message>] [-q|--quiet] <commit>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -36,14 +37,14 @@ you create one.
 
 The latest stash you created is stored in `refs/stash`; older
 stashes are found in the reflog of this reference and can be named using
-the usual reflog syntax (e.g. `stash@\{0}` is the most recently
-created stash, `stash@\{1}` is the one before it, `stash@\{2.hours.ago}`
+the usual reflog syntax (e.g. `stash@{0}` is the most recently
+created stash, `stash@{1}` is the one before it, `stash@{2.hours.ago}`
 is also possible).
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
-save [-p|--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
+save [-p|--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-u|--include-untracked] [-a|--all] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]::
 
 	Save your local modifications to a new 'stash', and run `git reset
 	--hard` to revert them.  The <message> part is optional and gives
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ constructed such that its index state is the same as the index state
 of your repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you
 selected interactively.  The selected changes are then rolled back
 from your worktree. See the ``Interactive Mode'' section of
-linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `\--patch` mode.
+linkgit:git-add[1] to learn how to operate the `--patch` mode.
 +
 The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`.  You can use
 `--no-keep-index` to override this.
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ The `--patch` option implies `--keep-index`.  You can use
 list [<options>]::
 
 	List the stashes that you currently have.  Each 'stash' is listed
-	with its name (e.g. `stash@\{0}` is the latest stash, `stash@\{1}` is
+	with its name (e.g. `stash@{0}` is the latest stash, `stash@{1}` is
 	the one before, etc.), the name of the branch that was current when the
 	stash was made, and a short description of the commit the stash was
 	based on.
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ show [<stash>]::
 	stashed state and its original parent. When no `<stash>` is given,
 	shows the latest one. By default, the command shows the diffstat, but
 	it will accept any format known to 'git diff' (e.g., `git stash show
-	-p stash@\{1}` to view the second most recent stash in patch form).
+	-p stash@{1}` to view the second most recent stash in patch form).
 
 pop [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 
@@ -111,8 +112,8 @@ tree's changes, but also the index's ones. However, this can fail, when you
 have conflicts (which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no
 longer apply the changes as they were originally).
 +
-When no `<stash>` is given, `stash@\{0}` is assumed, otherwise `<stash>` must
-be a reference of the form `stash@\{<revision>}`.
+When no `<stash>` is given, `stash@{0}` is assumed, otherwise `<stash>` must
+be a reference of the form `stash@{<revision>}`.
 
 apply [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 
@@ -143,15 +144,23 @@ clear::
 drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>]::
 
 	Remove a single stashed state from the stash list. When no `<stash>`
-	is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. `stash@\{0}`, otherwise
-	`<stash>` must a valid stash log reference of the form
-	`stash@\{<revision>}`.
+	is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. `stash@{0}`, otherwise
+	`<stash>` must be a valid stash log reference of the form
+	`stash@{<revision>}`.
 
 create::
 
 	Create a stash (which is a regular commit object) and return its
 	object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref namespace.
+	This is intended to be useful for scripts.  It is probably not
+	the command you want to use; see "save" above.
 
+store::
+
+	Store a given stash created via 'git stash create' (which is a
+	dangling merge commit) in the stash ref, updating the stash
+	reflog.  This is intended to be useful for scripts.  It is
+	probably not the command you want to use; see "save" above.
 
 DISCUSSION
 ----------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-status.txt b/Documentation/git-status.txt
index 3d51717bbe..b3319f7c2a 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-status.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-status.txt
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Displays paths that have differences between the index file and the
 current HEAD commit, paths that have differences between the working
 tree and the index file, and paths in the working tree that are not
-tracked by git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
+tracked by Git (and are not ignored by linkgit:gitignore[5]). The first
 are what you _would_ commit by running `git commit`; the second and
 third are what you _could_ commit by running 'git add' before running
 `git commit`.
@@ -35,23 +35,32 @@ OPTIONS
 --porcelain::
 	Give the output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts.
 	This is similar to the short output, but will remain stable
-	across git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
+	across Git versions and regardless of user configuration. See
 	below for details.
 
+--long::
+	Give the output in the long-format. This is the default.
+
 -u[<mode>]::
 --untracked-files[=<mode>]::
 	Show untracked files.
 +
 The mode parameter is optional (defaults to 'all'), and is used to
-specify the handling of untracked files; when -u is not used, the
-default is 'normal', i.e. show untracked files and directories.
+specify the handling of untracked files.
 +
 The possible options are:
 +
-	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files
-	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories
+	- 'no'     - Show no untracked files.
+	- 'normal' - Shows untracked files and directories.
 	- 'all'    - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.
 +
+When `-u` option is not used, untracked files and directories are
+shown (i.e. the same as specifying `normal`), to help you avoid
+forgetting to add newly created files.  Because it takes extra work
+to find untracked files in the filesystem, this mode may take some
+time in a large working tree.  You can use `no` to have `git status`
+return more quickly without showing untracked files.
++
 The default can be changed using the status.showUntrackedFiles
 configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
@@ -68,7 +77,7 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 	only changes to the commits stored in the superproject are shown (this was
 	the behavior before 1.7.0). Using "all" hides all changes to submodules
 	(and suppresses the output of submodule summaries when the config option
-	`status.submodulesummary` is set).
+	`status.submoduleSummary` is set).
 
 --ignored::
 	Show ignored files as well.
@@ -77,16 +86,23 @@ configuration variable documented in linkgit:git-config[1].
 	Terminate entries with NUL, instead of LF.  This implies
 	the `--porcelain` output format if no other format is given.
 
+--column[=<options>]::
+--no-column::
+	Display untracked files in columns. See configuration variable
+	column.status for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column`
+	without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never'
+	respectively.
+
 
 OUTPUT
 ------
 The output from this command is designed to be used as a commit
-template comment, and all the output lines are prefixed with '#'.
+template comment.
 The default, long format, is designed to be human readable,
 verbose and descriptive.  Its contents and format are subject to change
 at any time.
 
-The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other git commands, are
+The paths mentioned in the output, unlike many other Git commands, are
 made relative to the current directory if you are working in a
 subdirectory (this is on purpose, to help cutting and pasting). See
 the status.relativePaths config option below.
@@ -98,18 +114,18 @@ In the short-format, the status of each path is shown as
 
 	XY PATH1 -> PATH2
 
-where `PATH1` is the path in the `HEAD`, and the ` \-> PATH2` part is
+where `PATH1` is the path in the `HEAD`, and the " `-> PATH2`" part is
 shown only when `PATH1` corresponds to a different path in the
-index/worktree (i.e. the file is renamed). The 'XY' is a two-letter
+index/worktree (i.e. the file is renamed). The `XY` is a two-letter
 status code.
 
-The fields (including the `\->`) are separated from each other by a
+The fields (including the `->`) are separated from each other by a
 single space. If a filename contains whitespace or other nonprintable
 characters, that field will be quoted in the manner of a C string
 literal: surrounded by ASCII double quote (34) characters, and with
 interior special characters backslash-escaped.
 
-For paths with merge conflicts, `X` and 'Y' show the modification
+For paths with merge conflicts, `X` and `Y` show the modification
 states of each side of the merge. For paths that do not have merge
 conflicts, `X` shows the status of the index, and `Y` shows the status
 of the work tree.  For untracked paths, `XY` are `??`.  Other status
@@ -158,7 +174,7 @@ Porcelain Format
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The porcelain format is similar to the short format, but is guaranteed
-not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between git versions or
+not to change in a backwards-incompatible way between Git versions or
 based on user configuration. This makes it ideal for parsing by scripts.
 The description of the short format above also describes the porcelain
 format, with a few exceptions:
@@ -177,7 +193,7 @@ order is reversed (e.g 'from \-> to' becomes 'to from'). Second, a NUL
 and the terminating newline (but a space still separates the status
 field from the first filename).  Third, filenames containing special
 characters are not specially formatted; no quoting or
-backslash-escaping is performed. Fourth, there is no branch line.
+backslash-escaping is performed.
 
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
@@ -191,10 +207,16 @@ If the config variable `status.relativePaths` is set to false, then all
 paths shown are relative to the repository root, not to the current
 directory.
 
-If `status.submodulesummary` is set to a non zero number or true (identical
+If `status.submoduleSummary` is set to a non zero number or true (identical
 to -1 or an unlimited number), the submodule summary will be enabled for
 the long format and a summary of commits for modified submodules will be
-shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]).
+shown (see --summary-limit option of linkgit:git-submodule[1]). Please note
+that the summary output from the status command will be suppressed for all
+submodules when `diff.ignoreSubmodules` is set to 'all' or only for those
+submodules where `submodule.<name>.ignore=all`. To also view the summary for
+ignored submodules you can either use the --ignore-submodules=dirty command
+line option or the 'git submodule summary' command, which shows a similar
+output but does not honor these settings.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
index a80d94650d..6c6e989074 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-stripspace.txt
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git stripspace' [-s | --strip-comments] < input
+'git stripspace' [-c | --comment-lines] < input
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Clean the input in the manner used by 'git' for text such as commit
+Clean the input in the manner used by Git for text such as commit
 messages, notes, tags and branch descriptions.
 
 With no arguments, this will:
@@ -35,7 +36,13 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 -s::
 --strip-comments::
-	Skip and remove all lines starting with '#'.
+	Skip and remove all lines starting with comment character (default '#').
+
+-c::
+--comment-lines::
+	Prepend comment character and blank to each line. Lines will automatically
+	be terminated with a newline. On empty lines, only the comment character
+	will be prepended.
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
index b72964947a..2c25916f8f 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-submodule.txt
@@ -9,16 +9,18 @@ git-submodule - Initialize, update or inspect submodules
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b branch] [-f|--force]
-	      [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>]
+	      [--reference <repository>] [--depth <depth>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
-'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [--rebase]
-	      [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>...
+'git submodule' [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch]
+	      [-f|--force] [--rebase|--merge] [--reference <repository>]
+	      [--depth <depth>] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [(-n|--summary-limit) <n>]
 	      [commit] [--] [<path>...]
 'git submodule' [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
-'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]
+'git submodule' [--quiet] sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
@@ -43,9 +45,9 @@ if you choose to go that route.
 Submodules are composed from a so-called `gitlink` tree entry
 in the main repository that refers to a particular commit object
 within the inner repository that is completely separate.
-A record in the `.gitmodules` file at the root of the source
-tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and describes
-the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from.
+A record in the `.gitmodules` (see linkgit:gitmodules[5]) file at the
+root of the source tree assigns a logical name to the submodule and
+describes the default URL the submodule shall be cloned from.
 The logical name can be used for overriding this URL within your
 local repository configuration (see 'submodule init').
 
@@ -75,6 +77,8 @@ argument <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule
 to exist in the superproject. If <path> is not given, the
 "humanish" part of the source repository is used ("repo" for
 "/path/to/repo.git" and "foo" for "host.xz:foo/.git").
+The <path> is also used as the submodule's logical name in its
+configuration entries unless `--name` is used to specify a logical name.
 +
 <repository> is the URL of the new submodule's origin repository.
 This may be either an absolute URL, or (if it begins with ./
@@ -91,7 +95,7 @@ working directory is used instead.
 <path> is the relative location for the cloned submodule to
 exist in the superproject. If <path> does not exist, then the
 submodule is created by cloning from the named URL. If <path> does
-exist and is already a valid git repository, then this is added
+exist and is already a valid Git repository, then this is added
 to the changeset without cloning. This second form is provided
 to ease creating a new submodule from scratch, and presumes
 the user will later push the submodule to the given URL.
@@ -112,7 +116,6 @@ status::
 	initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
 	does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
 	repository and `U` if the submodule has merge conflicts.
-	This command is the default command for 'git submodule'.
 +
 If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into nested
 submodules, and show their status as well.
@@ -123,8 +126,10 @@ linkgit:git-status[1] and linkgit:git-diff[1] will provide that information
 too (and can also report changes to a submodule's work tree).
 
 init::
-	Initialize the submodules, i.e. register each submodule name
-	and url found in .gitmodules into .git/config.
+	Initialize the submodules recorded in the index (which were
+	added and committed elsewhere) by copying submodule
+	names and urls from .gitmodules to .git/config.
+	Optional <path> arguments limit which submodules will be initialized.
 	It will also copy the value of `submodule.$name.update` into
 	.git/config.
 	The key used in .git/config is `submodule.$name.url`.
@@ -135,24 +140,65 @@ init::
 	the explicit 'init' step if you do not intend to customize
 	any submodule locations.
 
+deinit::
+	Unregister the given submodules, i.e. remove the whole
+	`submodule.$name` section from .git/config together with their work
+	tree. Further calls to `git submodule update`, `git submodule foreach`
+	and `git submodule sync` will skip any unregistered submodules until
+	they are initialized again, so use this command if you don't want to
+	have a local checkout of the submodule in your work tree anymore. If
+	you really want to remove a submodule from the repository and commit
+	that use linkgit:git-rm[1] instead.
++
+If `--force` is specified, the submodule's work tree will be removed even if
+it contains local modifications.
+
 update::
-	Update the registered submodules, i.e. clone missing submodules and
-	checkout the commit specified in the index of the containing repository.
-	This will make the submodules HEAD be detached unless `--rebase` or
-	`--merge` is specified or the key `submodule.$name.update` is set to
-	`rebase`, `merge` or `none`.
 +
+--
+Update the registered submodules to match what the superproject
+expects by cloning missing submodules and updating the working tree of
+the submodules. The "updating" can be done in several ways depending
+on command line options and the value of `submodule.<name>.update`
+configuration variable. Supported update procedures are:
+
+	checkout;; the commit recorded in the superproject will be
+	    checked out in the submodule on a detached HEAD. This is
+	    done when `--checkout` option is given, or no option is
+	    given, and `submodule.<name>.update` is unset, or if it is
+	    set to 'checkout'.
++
+If `--force` is specified, the submodule will be checked out (using
+`git checkout --force` if appropriate), even if the commit specified
+in the index of the containing repository already matches the commit
+checked out in the submodule.
+
+	rebase;; the current branch of the submodule will be rebased
+	    onto the commit recorded in the superproject. This is done
+	    when `--rebase` option is given, or no option is given, and
+	    `submodule.<name>.update` is set to 'rebase'.
+
+	merge;; the commit recorded in the superproject will be merged
+	    into the current branch in the submodule. This is done
+	    when `--merge` option is given, or no option is given, and
+	    `submodule.<name>.update` is set to 'merge'.
+
+	custom command;; arbitrary shell command that takes a single
+	    argument (the sha1 of the commit recorded in the
+	    superproject) is executed. This is done when no option is
+	    given, and `submodule.<name>.update` has the form of
+	    '!command'.
+
+When no option is given and `submodule.<name>.update` is set to 'none',
+the submodule is not updated.
+
 If the submodule is not yet initialized, and you just want to use the
 setting as stored in .gitmodules, you can automatically initialize the
 submodule with the `--init` option.
-+
+
 If `--recursive` is specified, this command will recurse into the
 registered submodules, and update any nested submodules within.
-+
-If the configuration key `submodule.$name.update` is set to `none` the
-submodule with name `$name` will not be updated by default. This can be
-overriden by adding `--checkout` to the command.
-
+--
 summary::
 	Show commit summary between the given commit (defaults to HEAD) and
 	working tree/index. For a submodule in question, a series of commits
@@ -190,7 +236,7 @@ commit for each submodule.
 sync::
 	Synchronizes submodules' remote URL configuration setting
 	to the value specified in .gitmodules. It will only affect those
-	submodules which already have an url entry in .git/config (that is the
+	submodules which already have a URL entry in .git/config (that is the
 	case when they are initialized or freshly added). This is useful when
 	submodule URLs change upstream and you need to update your local
 	repositories accordingly.
@@ -207,13 +253,21 @@ OPTIONS
 -b::
 --branch::
 	Branch of repository to add as submodule.
+	The name of the branch is recorded as `submodule.<name>.branch` in
+	`.gitmodules` for `update --remote`.
 
 -f::
 --force::
-	This option is only valid for add and update commands.
+	This option is only valid for add, deinit and update commands.
 	When running add, allow adding an otherwise ignored submodule path.
-	When running update, throw away local changes in submodules when
-	switching to a different commit.
+	When running deinit the submodule work trees will be removed even if
+	they contain local changes.
+	When running update (only effective with the checkout procedure),
+	throw away local changes in submodules when switching to a
+	different commit; and always run a checkout operation in the
+	submodule, even if the commit listed in the index of the
+	containing repository matches the commit checked out in the
+	submodule.
 
 --cached::
 	This option is only valid for status and summary commands.  These
@@ -233,11 +287,51 @@ OPTIONS
 	(the default). This limit only applies to modified submodules. The
 	size is always limited to 1 for added/deleted/typechanged submodules.
 
+--remote::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.  Instead of using
+	the superproject's recorded SHA-1 to update the submodule, use the
+	status of the submodule's remote-tracking branch.  The remote used
+	is branch's remote (`branch.<name>.remote`), defaulting to `origin`.
+	The remote branch used defaults to `master`, but the branch name may
+	be overridden by setting the `submodule.<name>.branch` option in
+	either `.gitmodules` or `.git/config` (with `.git/config` taking
+	precedence).
++
+This works for any of the supported update procedures (`--checkout`,
+`--rebase`, etc.).  The only change is the source of the target SHA-1.
+For example, `submodule update --remote --merge` will merge upstream
+submodule changes into the submodules, while `submodule update
+--merge` will merge superproject gitlink changes into the submodules.
++
+In order to ensure a current tracking branch state, `update --remote`
+fetches the submodule's remote repository before calculating the
+SHA-1.  If you don't want to fetch, you should use `submodule update
+--remote --no-fetch`.
++
+Use this option to integrate changes from the upstream subproject with
+your submodule's current HEAD.  Alternatively, you can run `git pull`
+from the submodule, which is equivalent except for the remote branch
+name: `update --remote` uses the default upstream repository and
+`submodule.<name>.branch`, while `git pull` uses the submodule's
+`branch.<name>.merge`.  Prefer `submodule.<name>.branch` if you want
+to distribute the default upstream branch with the superproject and
+`branch.<name>.merge` if you want a more native feel while working in
+the submodule itself.
+
 -N::
 --no-fetch::
 	This option is only valid for the update command.
 	Don't fetch new objects from the remote site.
 
+--checkout::
+	This option is only valid for the update command.
+	Checkout the commit recorded in the superproject on a detached HEAD
+	in the submodule. This is the default behavior, the main use of
+	this option is to override `submodule.$name.update` when set to
+	a value other than `checkout`.
+	If the key `submodule.$name.update` is either not explicitly set or
+	set to `checkout`, this option is implicit.
+
 --merge::
 	This option is only valid for the update command.
 	Merge the commit recorded in the superproject into the current branch
@@ -262,6 +356,11 @@ OPTIONS
 	Initialize all submodules for which "git submodule init" has not been
 	called so far before updating.
 
+--name::
+	This option is only valid for the add command. It sets the submodule's
+	name to the given string instead of defaulting to its path. The name
+	must be valid as a directory name and may not end with a '/'.
+
 --reference <repository>::
 	This option is only valid for add and update commands.  These
 	commands sometimes need to clone a remote repository. In this case,
@@ -276,6 +375,12 @@ for linkgit:git-clone[1]'s `--reference` and `--shared` options carefully.
 	only in the submodules of the current repo, but also
 	in any nested submodules inside those submodules (and so on).
 
+--depth::
+	This option is valid for add and update commands. Create a 'shallow'
+	clone with a history truncated to the specified number of revisions.
+	See linkgit:git-clone[1]
+
+
 <path>...::
 	Paths to submodule(s). When specified this will restrict the command
 	to only operate on the submodules found at the specified paths.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-svn.txt b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
index 34ee785064..39e9a181cc 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-svn.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-svn.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-svn(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git
+git-svn - Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and git.
-It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a git
+'git svn' is a simple conduit for changesets between Subversion and Git.
+It provides a bidirectional flow of changes between a Subversion and a Git
 repository.
 
 'git svn' can track a standard Subversion repository,
@@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ following the common "trunk/branches/tags" layout, with the --stdlayout option.
 It can also follow branches and tags in any layout with the -T/-t/-b options
 (see options to 'init' below, and also the 'clone' command).
 
-Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the git
+Once tracking a Subversion repository (with any of the above methods), the Git
 repository can be updated from Subversion by the 'fetch' command and
-Subversion updated from git by the 'dcommit' command.
+Subversion updated from Git by the 'dcommit' command.
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
 
 'init'::
-	Initializes an empty git repository with additional
+	Initializes an empty Git repository with additional
 	metadata directories for 'git svn'.  The Subversion URL
 	may be specified as a command-line argument, or as full
 	URL arguments to -T/-t/-b.  Optionally, the target
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ COMMANDS
 --username=<user>;;
 	For transports that SVN handles authentication for (http,
 	https, and plain svn), specify the username.  For other
-	transports (eg svn+ssh://), you must include the username in
-	the URL, eg svn+ssh://foo@svn.bar.com/project
+	transports (e.g. svn+ssh://), you must include the username in
+	the URL, e.g. svn+ssh://foo@svn.bar.com/project
 --prefix=<prefix>;;
 	This allows one to specify a prefix which is prepended
 	to the names of remotes if trunk/branches/tags are
@@ -79,12 +79,30 @@ COMMANDS
 	trailing slash, so be sure you include one in the
 	argument if that is what you want.  If --branches/-b is
 	specified, the prefix must include a trailing slash.
-	Setting a prefix is useful if you wish to track multiple
-	projects that share a common repository.
+	Setting a prefix (with a trailing slash) is strongly
+	encouraged in any case, as your SVN-tracking refs will
+	then be located at "refs/remotes/$prefix/*", which is
+	compatible with Git's own remote-tracking ref layout
+	(refs/remotes/$remote/*). Setting a prefix is also useful
+	if you wish to track multiple projects that share a common
+	repository.
+	By default, the prefix is set to 'origin/'.
++
+NOTE: Before Git v2.0, the default prefix was "" (no prefix). This
+meant that SVN-tracking refs were put at "refs/remotes/*", which is
+incompatible with how Git's own remote-tracking refs are organized.
+If you still want the old default, you can get it by passing
+`--prefix ""` on the command line (`--prefix=""` may not work if
+your Perl's Getopt::Long is < v2.37).
+
 --ignore-paths=<regex>;;
 	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
 	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
 	of '--ignore-paths'.
+--include-paths=<regex>;;
+	When passed to 'init' or 'clone' this regular expression will
+	be preserved as a config key.  See 'fetch' for a description
+	of '--include-paths'.
 --no-minimize-url;;
 	When tracking multiple directories (using --stdlayout,
 	--branches, or --tags options), git svn will attempt to connect
@@ -100,19 +118,22 @@ COMMANDS
 'fetch'::
 	Fetch unfetched revisions from the Subversion remote we are
 	tracking.  The name of the [svn-remote "..."] section in the
-	.git/config file may be specified as an optional command-line
-	argument.
+	$GIT_DIR/config file may be specified as an optional
+	command-line argument.
++
+This automatically updates the rev_map if needed (see
+'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details).
 
 --localtime;;
-	Store Git commit times in the local timezone instead of UTC.  This
+	Store Git commit times in the local time zone instead of UTC.  This
 	makes 'git log' (even without --date=local) show the same times
-	that `svn log` would in the local timezone.
+	that `svn log` would in the local time zone.
 +
 This doesn't interfere with interoperating with the Subversion
 repository you cloned from, but if you wish for your local Git
 repository to be able to interoperate with someone else's local Git
 repository, either don't use this option or you should both use it in
-the same local timezone.
+the same local time zone.
 
 --parent;;
 	Fetch only from the SVN parent of the current HEAD.
@@ -127,8 +148,8 @@ the same local timezone.
 [verse]
 config key: svn-remote.<name>.ignore-paths
 +
-If the ignore-paths config key is set and the command line option is
-also given, both regular expressions will be used.
+If the ignore-paths configuration key is set, and the command-line
+option is also given, both regular expressions will be used.
 +
 Examples:
 +
@@ -146,6 +167,21 @@ Skip "branches" and "tags" of first level directories;;
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 --
 
+--include-paths=<regex>;;
+	This allows one to specify a Perl regular expression that will
+	cause the inclusion of only matching paths from checkout from SVN.
+	The '--include-paths' option should match for every 'fetch'
+	(including automatic fetches due to 'clone', 'dcommit',
+	'rebase', etc) on a given repository. '--ignore-paths' takes
+	precedence over '--include-paths'.
+
+--log-window-size=<n>;;
+	Fetch <n> log entries per request when scanning Subversion history.
+	The default is 100. For very large Subversion repositories, larger
+	values may be needed for 'clone'/'fetch' to complete in reasonable
+	time. But overly large values may lead to higher memory usage and
+	request timeouts.
+
 'clone'::
 	Runs 'init' and 'fetch'.  It will automatically create a
 	directory based on the basename of the URL passed to it;
@@ -182,6 +218,9 @@ accept.  However, '--fetch-all' only fetches from the current
 +
 Like 'git rebase'; this requires that the working tree be clean
 and have no uncommitted changes.
++
+This automatically updates the rev_map if needed (see
+'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details).
 
 -l;;
 --local;;
@@ -189,18 +228,16 @@ and have no uncommitted changes.
 	last fetched commit from the upstream SVN.
 
 'dcommit'::
-	Commit each diff from a specified head directly to the SVN
+	Commit each diff from the current branch directly to the SVN
 	repository, and then rebase or reset (depending on whether or
 	not there is a diff between SVN and head).  This will create
-	a revision in SVN for each commit in git.
-	It is recommended that you run 'git svn' fetch and rebase (not
-	pull or merge) your commits against the latest changes in the
-	SVN repository.
-	An optional revision or branch argument may be specified, and
-	causes 'git svn' to do all work on that revision/branch
-	instead of HEAD.
-	This is advantageous over 'set-tree' (below) because it produces
-	cleaner, more linear history.
+	a revision in SVN for each commit in Git.
++
+When an optional Git branch name (or a Git commit object name)
+is specified as an argument, the subcommand works on the specified
+branch, not on the current branch.
++
+Use of 'dcommit' is preferred to 'set-tree' (below).
 +
 --no-rebase;;
 	After committing, do not rebase or reset.
@@ -215,6 +252,10 @@ and have no uncommitted changes.
 config key: svn-remote.<name>.commiturl
 config key: svn.commiturl (overwrites all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl options)
 +
+Note that the SVN URL of the commiturl config key includes the SVN branch.
+If you rather want to set the commit URL for an entire SVN repository use
+svn-remote.<name>.pushurl instead.
++
 Using this option for any other purpose (don't ask) is very strongly
 discouraged.
 
@@ -239,8 +280,8 @@ first have already been pushed into SVN.
 	For each patch, one may answer "yes" (accept this patch), "no" (discard this
 	patch), "all" (accept all patches), or "quit".
 	+
-	'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer if "no" or "quit", without
-	commiting anything to SVN.
+	'git svn dcommit' returns immediately if answer is "no" or "quit", without
+	committing anything to SVN.
 
 'branch'::
 	Create a branch in the SVN repository.
@@ -254,13 +295,15 @@ first have already been pushed into SVN.
 	Create a tag by using the tags_subdir instead of the branches_subdir
 	specified during git svn init.
 
--d;;
---destination;;
+-d<path>;;
+--destination=<path>;;
+
 	If more than one --branches (or --tags) option was given to the 'init'
 	or 'clone' command, you must provide the location of the branch (or
-	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  The value of this
-	option must match one of the paths specified by a --branches (or
-	--tags) option.  You can see these paths with the commands
+	tag) you wish to create in the SVN repository.  <path> specifies which
+	path to use to create the branch or tag and should match the pattern
+	on the left-hand side of one of the configured branches or tags
+	refspecs.  You can see these refspecs with the commands
 +
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.branches
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.tags
@@ -281,6 +324,11 @@ where <name> is the name of the SVN repository as specified by the -R option to
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.<name>.commiturl
 +
 
+--parents;;
+	Create parent folders. This parameter is equivalent to the parameter
+	--parents on svn cp commands and is useful for non-standard repository
+	layouts.
+
 'tag'::
 	Create a tag in the SVN repository. This is a shorthand for
 	'branch -t'.
@@ -311,7 +359,7 @@ New features:
 +
 --
 --show-commit;;
-	shows the git commit sha1, as well
+	shows the Git commit sha1, as well
 --oneline;;
 	our version of --pretty=oneline
 --
@@ -323,24 +371,36 @@ environment). This command has the same behaviour.
 Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 
 'blame'::
-       Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file. The
-       output of this mode is format-compatible with the output of
-       `svn blame' by default. Like the SVN blame command,
-       local uncommitted changes in the working tree are ignored;
-       the version of the file in the HEAD revision is annotated. Unknown
-       arguments are passed directly to 'git blame'.
+	Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file. The
+	output of this mode is format-compatible with the output of
+	`svn blame' by default. Like the SVN blame command,
+	local uncommitted changes in the working tree are ignored;
+	the version of the file in the HEAD revision is annotated. Unknown
+	arguments are passed directly to 'git blame'.
 +
 --git-format;;
 	Produce output in the same format as 'git blame', but with
-	SVN revision numbers instead of git commit hashes. In this mode,
+	SVN revision numbers instead of Git commit hashes. In this mode,
 	changes that haven't been committed to SVN (including local
 	working-copy edits) are shown as revision 0.
 
 'find-rev'::
 	When given an SVN revision number of the form 'rN', returns the
-	corresponding git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
+	corresponding Git commit hash (this can optionally be followed by a
 	tree-ish to specify which branch should be searched).  When given a
 	tree-ish, returns the corresponding SVN revision number.
++
+-B;;
+--before;;
+	Don't require an exact match if given an SVN revision, instead find
+	the commit corresponding to the state of the SVN repository (on the
+	current branch) at the specified revision.
++
+-A;;
+--after;;
+	Don't require an exact match if given an SVN revision; if there is
+	not an exact match return the closest match searching forward in the
+	history.
 
 'set-tree'::
 	You should consider using 'dcommit' instead of this command.
@@ -363,7 +423,7 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 	the $GIT_DIR/info/exclude file.
 
 'mkdirs'::
-	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core git cannot track
+	Attempts to recreate empty directories that core Git cannot track
 	based on information in $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files.
 	Empty directories are automatically recreated when using
 	"git svn clone" and "git svn rebase", so "mkdirs" is intended
@@ -401,8 +461,8 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 	specific revision.
 
 'gc'::
-	Compress $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files in .git/svn
-	and remove $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>index files in .git/svn.
+	Compress $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log files and remove
+	$GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/index files.
 
 'reset'::
 	Undoes the effects of 'fetch' back to the specified revision.
@@ -415,9 +475,10 @@ Any other arguments are passed directly to 'git log'
 	file cannot be ignored forever (with --ignore-paths) the only
 	way to repair the repo is to use 'reset'.
 +
-Only the rev_map and refs/remotes/git-svn are changed.  Follow 'reset'
-with a 'fetch' and then 'git reset' or 'git rebase' to move local
-branches onto the new tree.
+Only the rev_map and refs/remotes/git-svn are changed (see
+'$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' in the FILES section below for details).
+Follow 'reset' with a 'fetch' and then 'git reset' or 'git rebase' to
+move local branches onto the new tree.
 
 -r <n>;;
 --revision=<n>;;
@@ -495,9 +556,9 @@ order.  Only the leading sha1 is read from each line, so
 +
 Remove directories from the SVN tree if there are no files left
 behind.  SVN can version empty directories, and they are not
-removed by default if there are no files left in them.  git
+removed by default if there are no files left in them.  Git
 cannot version empty directories.  Enabling this flag will make
-the commit to SVN act like git.
+the commit to SVN act like Git.
 +
 [verse]
 config key: svn.rmdir
@@ -553,25 +614,12 @@ config key: svn.authorsfile
 	Make 'git svn' less verbose. Specify a second time to make it
 	even less verbose.
 
---repack[=<n>]::
---repack-flags=<flags>::
-	These should help keep disk usage sane for large fetches with
-	many revisions.
-+
---repack takes an optional argument for the number of revisions
-to fetch before repacking.  This defaults to repacking every
-1000 commits fetched if no argument is specified.
-+
---repack-flags are passed directly to 'git repack'.
-+
-[verse]
-config key: svn.repack
-config key: svn.repackflags
-
 -m::
 --merge::
 -s<strategy>::
 --strategy=<strategy>::
+-p::
+--preserve-merges::
 	These are only used with the 'dcommit' and 'rebase' commands.
 +
 Passed directly to 'git rebase' when using 'dcommit' if a
@@ -582,7 +630,7 @@ Passed directly to 'git rebase' when using 'dcommit' if a
 	This can be used with the 'dcommit', 'rebase', 'branch' and
 	'tag' commands.
 +
-For 'dcommit', print out the series of git arguments that would show
+For 'dcommit', print out the series of Git arguments that would show
 which diffs would be committed to SVN.
 +
 For 'rebase', display the local branch associated with the upstream svn
@@ -593,14 +641,14 @@ For 'branch' and 'tag', display the urls that will be used for copying when
 creating the branch or tag.
 
 --use-log-author::
-	When retrieving svn commits into git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or
+	When retrieving svn commits into Git (as part of 'fetch', 'rebase', or
 	'dcommit' operations), look for the first `From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line
 	in the log message and use that as the author string.
 --add-author-from::
-	When committing to svn from git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit'
+	When committing to svn from Git (as part of 'commit-diff', 'set-tree' or 'dcommit'
 	operations), if the existing log message doesn't already have a
 	`From:` or `Signed-off-by:` line, append a `From:` line based on the
-	git commit's author string.  If you use this, then `--use-log-author`
+	Git commit's author string.  If you use this, then `--use-log-author`
 	will retrieve a valid author string for all commits.
 
 
@@ -621,10 +669,19 @@ ADVANCED OPTIONS
 	Default: "svn"
 
 --follow-parent::
+	This option is only relevant if we are tracking branches (using
+	one of the repository layout options --trunk, --tags,
+	--branches, --stdlayout). For each tracked branch, try to find
+	out where its revision was copied from, and set
+	a suitable parent in the first Git commit for the branch.
 	This is especially helpful when we're tracking a directory
-	that has been moved around within the repository, or if we
-	started tracking a branch and never tracked the trunk it was
-	descended from. This feature is enabled by default, use
+	that has been moved around within the repository.  If this
+	feature is disabled, the branches created by 'git svn' will all
+	be linear and not share any history, meaning that there will be
+	no information on where branches were branched off or merged.
+	However, following long/convoluted histories can take a long
+	time, so disabling this feature may speed up the cloning
+	process. This feature is enabled by default, use
 	--no-follow-parent to disable it.
 +
 [verse]
@@ -639,7 +696,7 @@ svn-remote.<name>.noMetadata::
 +
 This option can only be used for one-shot imports as 'git svn'
 will not be able to fetch again without metadata. Additionally,
-if you lose your .git/svn/**/.rev_map.* files, 'git svn' will not
+if you lose your '$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*' files, 'git svn' will not
 be able to rebuild them.
 +
 The 'git svn log' command will not work on repositories using
@@ -648,7 +705,7 @@ option for (hopefully) obvious reasons.
 +
 This option is NOT recommended as it makes it difficult to track down
 old references to SVN revision numbers in existing documentation, bug
-reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to git
+reports and archives.  If you plan to eventually migrate from SVN to Git
 and are certain about dropping SVN history, consider
 linkgit:git-filter-branch[1] instead.  filter-branch also allows
 reformatting of metadata for ease-of-reading and rewriting authorship
@@ -688,7 +745,7 @@ svn-remote.<name>.rewriteUUID::
 
 svn-remote.<name>.pushurl::
 
-	Similar to git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed
+	Similar to Git's 'remote.<name>.pushurl', this key is designed
 	to be used in cases where 'url' points to an SVN repository
 	via a read-only transport, to provide an alternate read/write
 	transport. It is assumed that both keys point to the same
@@ -732,7 +789,8 @@ for rewriteRoot and rewriteUUID which can be used together.
 BASIC EXAMPLES
 --------------
 
-Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project:
+Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project
+(ignoring tags and branches):
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Clone a repo (like git clone):
@@ -741,15 +799,15 @@ Tracking and contributing to the trunk of a Subversion-managed project:
 	cd trunk
 # You should be on master branch, double-check with 'git branch'
 	git branch
-# Do some work and commit locally to git:
+# Do some work and commit locally to Git:
 	git commit ...
 # Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the
 # latest changes in SVN:
 	git svn rebase
-# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN,
+# Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using Git) to SVN,
 # as well as automatically updating your working HEAD:
 	git svn dcommit
-# Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file:
+# Append svn:ignore settings to the default Git exclude file:
 	git svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -757,15 +815,17 @@ Tracking and contributing to an entire Subversion-managed project
 (complete with a trunk, tags and branches):
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Clone a repo (like git clone):
-	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T trunk -b branches -t tags
+# Clone a repo with standard SVN directory layout (like git clone):
+	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project --stdlayout --prefix svn/
+# Or, if the repo uses a non-standard directory layout:
+	git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project -T tr -b branch -t tag --prefix svn/
 # View all branches and tags you have cloned:
 	git branch -r
 # Create a new branch in SVN
-    git svn branch waldo
+	git svn branch waldo
 # Reset your master to trunk (or any other branch, replacing 'trunk'
 # with the appropriate name):
-	git reset --hard remotes/trunk
+	git reset --hard svn/trunk
 # You may only dcommit to one branch/tag/trunk at a time.  The usage
 # of dcommit/rebase/show-ignore should be the same as above.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -779,7 +839,7 @@ have each person clone that repository with 'git clone':
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Do the initial import on a server
-	ssh server "cd /pub && git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project
+	ssh server "cd /pub && git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project [options...]"
 # Clone locally - make sure the refs/remotes/ space matches the server
 	mkdir project
 	cd project
@@ -787,31 +847,33 @@ have each person clone that repository with 'git clone':
 	git remote add origin server:/pub/project
 	git config --replace-all remote.origin.fetch '+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*'
 	git fetch
-# Prevent fetch/pull from remote git server in the future,
+# Prevent fetch/pull from remote Git server in the future,
 # we only want to use git svn for future updates
 	git config --remove-section remote.origin
 # Create a local branch from one of the branches just fetched
 	git checkout -b master FETCH_HEAD
-# Initialize 'git svn' locally (be sure to use the same URL and -T/-b/-t options as were used on server)
-	git svn init http://svn.example.com/project
+# Initialize 'git svn' locally (be sure to use the same URL and
+# --stdlayout/-T/-b/-t/--prefix options as were used on server)
+	git svn init http://svn.example.com/project [options...]
 # Pull the latest changes from Subversion
 	git svn rebase
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 REBASE VS. PULL/MERGE
 ---------------------
-
-Originally, 'git svn' recommended that the 'remotes/git-svn' branch be
-pulled or merged from.  This is because the author favored
+Prefer to use 'git svn rebase' or 'git rebase', rather than
+'git pull' or 'git merge' to synchronize unintegrated commits with a 'git svn'
+branch. Doing so will keep the history of unintegrated commits linear with
+respect to the upstream SVN repository and allow the use of the preferred
+'git svn dcommit' subcommand to push unintegrated commits back into SVN.
+
+Originally, 'git svn' recommended that developers pulled or merged from
+the 'git svn' branch.  This was because the author favored
 `git svn set-tree B` to commit a single head rather than the
-`git svn set-tree A..B` notation to commit multiple commits.
-
-If you use `git svn set-tree A..B` to commit several diffs and you do
-not have the latest remotes/git-svn merged into my-branch, you should
-use `git svn rebase` to update your work branch instead of `git pull` or
-`git merge`.  `pull`/`merge` can cause non-linear history to be flattened
-when committing into SVN, which can lead to merge commits reversing
-previous commits in SVN.
+`git svn set-tree A..B` notation to commit multiple commits. Use of
+'git pull' or 'git merge' with `git svn set-tree A..B` will cause non-linear
+history to be flattened when committing into SVN and this can lead to merge
+commits unexpectedly reversing previous commits in SVN.
 
 MERGE TRACKING
 --------------
@@ -819,22 +881,68 @@ While 'git svn' can track
 copy history (including branches and tags) for repositories adopting a
 standard layout, it cannot yet represent merge history that happened
 inside git back upstream to SVN users.  Therefore it is advised that
-users keep history as linear as possible inside git to ease
+users keep history as linear as possible inside Git to ease
 compatibility with SVN (see the CAVEATS section below).
 
+HANDLING OF SVN BRANCHES
+------------------------
+If 'git svn' is configured to fetch branches (and --follow-branches
+is in effect), it sometimes creates multiple Git branches for one
+SVN branch, where the additional branches have names of the form
+'branchname@nnn' (with nnn an SVN revision number).  These additional
+branches are created if 'git svn' cannot find a parent commit for the
+first commit in an SVN branch, to connect the branch to the history of
+the other branches.
+
+Normally, the first commit in an SVN branch consists
+of a copy operation. 'git svn' will read this commit to get the SVN
+revision the branch was created from. It will then try to find the
+Git commit that corresponds to this SVN revision, and use that as the
+parent of the branch. However, it is possible that there is no suitable
+Git commit to serve as parent.  This will happen, among other reasons,
+if the SVN branch is a copy of a revision that was not fetched by 'git
+svn' (e.g. because it is an old revision that was skipped with
+'--revision'), or if in SVN a directory was copied that is not tracked
+by 'git svn' (such as a branch that is not tracked at all, or a
+subdirectory of a tracked branch). In these cases, 'git svn' will still
+create a Git branch, but instead of using an existing Git commit as the
+parent of the branch, it will read the SVN history of the directory the
+branch was copied from and create appropriate Git commits.  This is
+indicated by the message "Initializing parent: <branchname>".
+
+Additionally, it will create a special branch named
+'<branchname>@<SVN-Revision>', where <SVN-Revision> is the SVN revision
+number the branch was copied from.  This branch will point to the newly
+created parent commit of the branch.  If in SVN the branch was deleted
+and later recreated from a different version, there will be multiple
+such branches with an '@'.
+
+Note that this may mean that multiple Git commits are created for a
+single SVN revision.
+
+An example: in an SVN repository with a standard
+trunk/tags/branches layout, a directory trunk/sub is created in r.100.
+In r.200, trunk/sub is branched by copying it to branches/. 'git svn
+clone -s' will then create a branch 'sub'. It will also create new Git
+commits for r.100 through r.199 and use these as the history of branch
+'sub'. Thus there will be two Git commits for each revision from r.100
+to r.199 (one containing trunk/, one containing trunk/sub/). Finally,
+it will create a branch 'sub@200' pointing to the new parent commit of
+branch 'sub' (i.e. the commit for r.200 and trunk/sub/).
+
 CAVEATS
 -------
 
 For the sake of simplicity and interoperating with Subversion,
 it is recommended that all 'git svn' users clone, fetch and dcommit
 directly from the SVN server, and avoid all 'git clone'/'pull'/'merge'/'push'
-operations between git repositories and branches.  The recommended
-method of exchanging code between git branches and users is
+operations between Git repositories and branches.  The recommended
+method of exchanging code between Git branches and users is
 'git format-patch' and 'git am', or just 'dcommit'ing to the SVN repository.
 
 Running 'git merge' or 'git pull' is NOT recommended on a branch you
 plan to 'dcommit' from because Subversion users cannot see any
-merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a git branch
+merges you've made.  Furthermore, if you merge or pull from a Git branch
 that is a mirror of an SVN branch, 'dcommit' may commit to the wrong
 branch.
 
@@ -853,7 +961,7 @@ any 'git svn' metadata, or config.  So repositories created and managed with
 using 'git svn' should use 'rsync' for cloning, if cloning is to be done
 at all.
 
-Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any git branches you 'git push' to
+Since 'dcommit' uses rebase internally, any Git branches you 'git push' to
 before 'dcommit' on will require forcing an overwrite of the existing ref
 on the remote repository.  This is generally considered bad practice,
 see the linkgit:git-push[1] documentation for details.
@@ -863,12 +971,27 @@ already dcommitted.  It is considered bad practice to --amend commits
 you've already pushed to a remote repository for other users, and
 dcommit with SVN is analogous to that.
 
+When cloning an SVN repository, if none of the options for describing
+the repository layout is used (--trunk, --tags, --branches,
+--stdlayout), 'git svn clone' will create a Git repository with
+completely linear history, where branches and tags appear as separate
+directories in the working copy.  While this is the easiest way to get a
+copy of a complete repository, for projects with many branches it will
+lead to a working copy many times larger than just the trunk. Thus for
+projects using the standard directory structure (trunk/branches/tags),
+it is recommended to clone with option '--stdlayout'. If the project
+uses a non-standard structure, and/or if branches and tags are not
+required, it is easiest to only clone one directory (typically trunk),
+without giving any repository layout options.  If the full history with
+branches and tags is required, the options '--trunk' / '--branches' /
+'--tags' must be used.
+
 When using multiple --branches or --tags, 'git svn' does not automatically
 handle name collisions (for example, if two branches from different paths have
 the same name, or if a branch and a tag have the same name).  In these cases,
-use 'init' to set up your git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
-the .git/config file so that the branches and tags are associated with
-different name spaces.  For example:
+use 'init' to set up your Git repository then, before your first 'fetch', edit
+the $GIT_DIR/config file so that the branches and tags are associated
+with different name spaces.  For example:
 
 	branches = stable/*:refs/remotes/svn/stable/*
 	branches = debug/*:refs/remotes/svn/debug/*
@@ -879,18 +1002,24 @@ BUGS
 We ignore all SVN properties except svn:executable.  Any unhandled
 properties are logged to $GIT_DIR/svn/<refname>/unhandled.log
 
-Renamed and copied directories are not detected by git and hence not
+Renamed and copied directories are not detected by Git and hence not
 tracked when committing to SVN.  I do not plan on adding support for
 this as it's quite difficult and time-consuming to get working for all
-the possible corner cases (git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
+the possible corner cases (Git doesn't do it, either).  Committing
 renamed and copied files is fully supported if they're similar enough
-for git to detect them.
+for Git to detect them.
+
+In SVN, it is possible (though discouraged) to commit changes to a tag
+(because a tag is just a directory copy, thus technically the same as a
+branch). When cloning an SVN repository, 'git svn' cannot know if such a
+commit to a tag will happen in the future. Thus it acts conservatively
+and imports all SVN tags as branches, prefixing the tag name with 'tags/'.
 
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 
 'git svn' stores [svn-remote] configuration information in the
-repository .git/config file.  It is similar the core git
+repository $GIT_DIR/config file.  It is similar the core Git
 [remote] sections except 'fetch' keys do not accept glob
 arguments; but they are instead handled by the 'branches'
 and 'tags' keys.  Since some SVN repositories are oddly
@@ -919,14 +1048,46 @@ comma-separated list of names within braces. For example:
 [svn-remote "huge-project"]
 	url = http://server.org/svn
 	fetch = trunk/src:refs/remotes/trunk
-	branches = branches/{red,green}/src:refs/remotes/branches/*
-	tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/tags/*
+	branches = branches/{red,green}/src:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+	tags = tags/{1.0,2.0}/src:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Multiple fetch, branches, and tags keys are supported:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[svn-remote "messy-repo"]
+	url = http://server.org/svn
+	fetch = trunk/project-a:refs/remotes/project-a/trunk
+	fetch = branches/demos/june-project-a-demo:refs/remotes/project-a/demos/june-demo
+	branches = branches/server/*:refs/remotes/project-a/branches/*
+	branches = branches/demos/2011/*:refs/remotes/project-a/2011-demos/*
+	tags = tags/server/*:refs/remotes/project-a/tags/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Creating a branch in such a configuration requires disambiguating which
+location to use using the -d or --destination flag:
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$ git svn branch -d branches/server release-2-3-0
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Note that git-svn keeps track of the highest revision in which a branch
 or tag has appeared. If the subset of branches or tags is changed after
-fetching, then .git/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove (or
-reset) branches-maxRev and/or tags-maxRev as appropriate.
+fetching, then $GIT_DIR/svn/.metadata must be manually edited to remove
+(or reset) branches-maxRev and/or tags-maxRev as appropriate.
+
+FILES
+-----
+$GIT_DIR/svn/\*\*/.rev_map.*::
+	Mapping between Subversion revision numbers and Git commit
+	names.  In a repository where the noMetadata option is not set,
+	this can be rebuilt from the git-svn-id: lines that are at the
+	end of every commit (see the 'svn.noMetadata' section above for
+	details).
++
+'git svn fetch' and 'git svn rebase' automatically update the rev_map
+if it is missing or not up to date.  'git svn reset' automatically
+rewinds it.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
index 981d3a8fc1..ef68ad2b71 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-symbolic-ref.txt
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ git-symbolic-ref(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-symbolic-ref - Read and modify symbolic refs
+git-symbolic-ref - Read, modify and delete symbolic refs
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
 'git symbolic-ref' [-m <reason>] <name> <ref>
 'git symbolic-ref' [-q] [--short] <name>
+'git symbolic-ref' --delete [-q] <name>
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -21,6 +22,9 @@ argument to see which branch your working tree is on.
 Given two arguments, creates or updates a symbolic ref <name> to
 point at the given branch <ref>.
 
+Given `--delete` and an additional argument, deletes the given
+symbolic ref.
+
 A symbolic ref is a regular file that stores a string that
 begins with `ref: refs/`.  For example, your `.git/HEAD` is
 a regular file whose contents is `ref: refs/heads/master`.
@@ -28,6 +32,10 @@ a regular file whose contents is `ref: refs/heads/master`.
 OPTIONS
 -------
 
+-d::
+--delete::
+	Delete the symbolic ref <name>.
+
 -q::
 --quiet::
 	Do not issue an error message if the <name> is not a
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
index 8d32b9a814..bfba4ef078 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tag.txt
@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@ SYNOPSIS
 	<tagname> [<commit> | <object>]
 'git tag' -d <tagname>...
 'git tag' [-n[<num>]] -l [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]
+	[--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [<pattern>...]
 	[<pattern>...]
 'git tag' -v <tagname>...
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-Add a tag reference in `.git/refs/tags/`, unless `-d/-l/-v` is given
+Add a tag reference in `refs/tags/`, unless `-d/-l/-v` is given
 to delete, list or verify tags.
 
-Unless `-f` is given, the tag to be created must not yet exist in the
-`.git/refs/tags/` directory.
+Unless `-f` is given, the named tag must not yet exist.
 
 If one of `-a`, `-s`, or `-u <key-id>` is passed, the command
 creates a 'tag' object, and requires a tag message.  Unless
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ in the tag message.
 If `-m <msg>` or `-F <file>` is given and `-a`, `-s`, and `-u <key-id>`
 are absent, `-a` is implied.
 
-Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA1 object name of the commit object is
+Otherwise just a tag reference for the SHA-1 object name of the commit object is
 created (i.e. a lightweight tag).
 
 A GnuPG signed tag object will be created when `-s` or `-u
@@ -42,6 +42,17 @@ committer identity for the current user is used to find the
 GnuPG key for signing. 	The configuration variable `gpg.program`
 is used to specify custom GnuPG binary.
 
+Tag objects (created with `-a`, `-s`, or `-u`) are called "annotated"
+tags; they contain a creation date, the tagger name and e-mail, a
+tagging message, and an optional GnuPG signature. Whereas a
+"lightweight" tag is simply a name for an object (usually a commit
+object).
+
+Annotated tags are meant for release while lightweight tags are meant
+for private or temporary object labels. For this reason, some git
+commands for naming objects (like `git describe`) will ignore
+lightweight tags by default.
+
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
@@ -84,8 +95,25 @@ OPTIONS
 	using fnmatch(3)).  Multiple patterns may be given; if any of
 	them matches, the tag is shown.
 
---contains <commit>::
-	Only list tags which contain the specified commit.
+--sort=<type>::
+	Sort in a specific order. Supported type is "refname"
+	(lexicographic order), "version:refname" or "v:refname" (tag
+	names are treated as versions). Prepend "-" to reverse sort
+	order. When this option is not given, the sort order defaults to the
+	value configured for the 'tag.sort' variable if it exists, or
+	lexicographic order otherwise. See linkgit:git-config[1].
+
+--column[=<options>]::
+--no-column::
+	Display tag listing in columns. See configuration variable
+	column.tag for option syntax.`--column` and `--no-column`
+	without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively.
++
+This option is only applicable when listing tags without annotation lines.
+
+--contains [<commit>]::
+	Only list tags which contain the specified commit (HEAD if not
+	specified).
 
 --points-at <object>::
 	Only list tags of the given object.
@@ -118,16 +146,22 @@ OPTIONS
 	linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].  Some of these checks
 	may restrict the characters allowed in a tag name.
 
+<commit>::
+<object>::
+	The object that the new tag will refer to, usually a commit.
+	Defaults to HEAD.
+
+
 CONFIGURATION
 -------------
 By default, 'git tag' in sign-with-default mode (-s) will use your
-committer identity (of the form "Your Name <your@email.address>") to
+committer identity (of the form "Your Name <\your@email.address>") to
 find a key.  If you want to use a different default key, you can specify
 it in the repository configuration as follows:
 
 -------------------------------------
 [user]
-    signingkey = <gpg-key-id>
+    signingKey = <gpg-key-id>
 -------------------------------------
 
 
@@ -234,7 +268,7 @@ $ git pull git://git..../proj.git master
 In such a case, you do not want to automatically follow the other
 person's tags.
 
-One important aspect of git is its distributed nature, which
+One important aspect of Git is its distributed nature, which
 largely means there is no inherent "upstream" or
 "downstream" in the system.  On the face of it, the above
 example might seem to indicate that the tag namespace is owned
@@ -285,6 +319,7 @@ include::date-formats.txt[]
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1].
+linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt b/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 346e7a2079..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/git-tar-tree.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-git-tar-tree(1)
-===============
-
-NAME
-----
-git-tar-tree - Create a tar archive of the files in the named tree object
-
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-'git tar-tree' [--remote=<repo>] <tree-ish> [ <base> ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-THIS COMMAND IS DEPRECATED.  Use 'git archive' with `--format=tar`
-option instead (and move the <base> argument to `--prefix=base/`).
-
-Creates a tar archive containing the tree structure for the named tree.
-When <base> is specified it is added as a leading path to the files in the
-generated tar archive.
-
-'git tar-tree' behaves differently when given a tree ID versus when given
-a commit ID or tag ID.  In the first case the current time is used as
-modification time of each file in the archive.  In the latter case the
-commit time as recorded in the referenced commit object is used instead.
-Additionally the commit ID is stored in a global extended pax header.
-It can be extracted using 'git get-tar-commit-id'.
-
-OPTIONS
--------
-
-<tree-ish>::
-	The tree or commit to produce tar archive for.  If it is
-	the object name of a commit object.
-
-<base>::
-	Leading path to the files in the resulting tar archive.
-
---remote=<repo>::
-	Instead of making a tar archive from local repository,
-	retrieve a tar archive from a remote repository.
-
-CONFIGURATION
--------------
-
-tar.umask::
-	This variable can be used to restrict the permission bits of
-	tar archive entries.  The default is 0002, which turns off the
-	world write bit.  The special value "user" indicates that the
-	archiving user's umask will be used instead.  See umask(2) for
-	details.
-
-EXAMPLES
---------
-`git tar-tree HEAD junk | (cd /var/tmp/ && tar xf -)`::
-
-	Create a tar archive that contains the contents of the
-	latest commit on the current branch, and extracts it in
-	`/var/tmp/junk` directory.
-
-`git tar-tree v1.4.0 git-1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`::
-
-	Create a tarball for v1.4.0 release.
-
-`git tar-tree v1.4.0{caret}\{tree\} git-1.4.0 | gzip >git-1.4.0.tar.gz`::
-
-	Create a tarball for v1.4.0 release, but without a
-	global extended pax header.
-
-`git tar-tree --remote=example.com:git.git v1.4.0 >git-1.4.0.tar`::
-
-	Get a tarball v1.4.0 from example.com.
-
-`git tar-tree HEAD:Documentation/ git-docs > git-1.4.0-docs.tar`::
-
-	Put everything in the current head's Documentation/ directory
-	into 'git-1.4.0-docs.tar', with the prefix 'git-docs/'.
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-tools.txt b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
index a96403cb8c..78a0d955ec 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-tools.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-tools.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-A short git tools survey
+A short Git tools survey
 ========================
 
 
 Introduction
 ------------
 
-Apart from git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools
+Apart from Git contrib/ area there are some others third-party tools
 you may want to look.
 
 This document presents a brief summary of each tool and the corresponding
@@ -17,26 +17,26 @@ Alternative/Augmentative Porcelains
 
    - *Cogito* (http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/cogito/)
 
-   Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the git tree history
+   Cogito is a version control system layered on top of the Git tree history
    storage system. It aims at seamless user interface and ease of use,
-   providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core GIT
+   providing generally smoother user experience than the "raw" Core Git
    itself and indeed many other version control systems.
 
    Cogito is no longer maintained as most of its functionality
-   is now in core GIT.
+   is now in core Git.
 
 
    - *pg* (http://www.spearce.org/category/projects/scm/pg/)
 
-   pg is a shell script wrapper around GIT to help the user manage a set of
-   patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGIT, but it does have a
+   pg is a shell script wrapper around Git to help the user manage a set of
+   patches to files. pg is somewhat like quilt or StGit, but it does have a
    slightly different feature set.
 
 
    - *StGit* (http://www.procode.org/stgit/)
 
-   Stacked GIT provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the
-   GIT environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of GIT
+   Stacked Git provides a quilt-like patch management functionality in the
+   Git environment. You can easily manage your patches in the scope of Git
    until they get merged upstream.
 
 
@@ -45,33 +45,33 @@ History Viewers
 
    - *gitk* (shipped with git-core)
 
-   gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of GIT repositories easily.
+   gitk is a simple Tk GUI for browsing history of Git repositories easily.
 
 
    - *gitview*  (contrib/)
 
-   gitview is a GTK based repository browser for git
+   gitview is a GTK based repository browser for Git
 
 
    - *gitweb* (shipped with git-core)
 
-   GITweb provides full-fledged web interface for GIT repositories.
+   Gitweb provides full-fledged web interface for Git repositories.
 
 
    - *qgit* (http://digilander.libero.it/mcostalba/)
 
-   QGit is a git/StGIT GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used
+   QGit is a git/StGit GUI viewer built on Qt/C++. QGit could be used
    to browse history and directory tree, view annotated files, commit
    changes cherry picking single files or applying patches.
-   Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the git
+   Currently it is the fastest and most feature rich among the Git
    viewers and commit tools.
 
    - *tig* (http://jonas.nitro.dk/tig/)
 
-   tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple git repository browser
+   tig by Jonas Fonseca is a simple Git repository browser
    written using ncurses. Basically, it just acts as a front-end
    for git-log and git-show/git-diff. Additionally, you can also
-   use it as a pager for git commands.
+   use it as a pager for Git commands.
 
 
 Foreign SCM interface
@@ -80,20 +80,20 @@ Foreign SCM interface
    - *git-svn* (shipped with git-core)
 
    git-svn is a simple conduit for changesets between a single Subversion
-   branch and git.
+   branch and Git.
 
 
    - *quilt2git / git2quilt* (http://home-tj.org/wiki/index.php/Misc)
 
    These utilities convert patch series in a quilt repository and commit
-   series in git back and forth.
+   series in Git back and forth.
 
 
    - *hg-to-git* (contrib/)
 
-   hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a git one, and
+   hg-to-git converts a Mercurial repository into a Git one, and
    preserves the full branch history in the process. hg-to-git can
-   also be used in an incremental way to keep the git repository
+   also be used in an incremental way to keep the Git repository
    in sync with the master Mercurial repository.
 
 
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ Others
 
    - *(h)gct* (http://www.cyd.liu.se/users/~freku045/gct/)
 
-   Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for git and
+   Commit Tool or (h)gct is a GUI enabled commit tool for Git and
    Mercurial (hg). It allows the user to view diffs, select which files
    to committed (or ignored / reverted) write commit messages and
    perform the commit itself.
 
    - *git.el* (contrib/)
 
-   This is an Emacs interface for git. The user interface is modeled on
+   This is an Emacs interface for Git. The user interface is modelled on
    pcl-cvs. It has been developed on Emacs 21 and will probably need some
    tweaking to work on XEmacs.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt b/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
index ff23494e70..12cb108b85 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-unpack-objects.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git-unpack-objects - Unpack objects from a packed archive
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git unpack-objects' [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict] <pack-file
+'git unpack-objects' [-n] [-q] [-r] [--strict] < <pack-file>
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
index a3081f4e23..aff01798cd 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-index.txt
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ SYNOPSIS
 'git update-index'
 	     [--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
 	     [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
-	     [(--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>)...]
+	     [(--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<file>)...]
 	     [--chmod=(+|-)x]
-	     [--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
-	     [--skip-worktree | --no-skip-worktree]
+	     [--[no-]assume-unchanged]
+	     [--[no-]skip-worktree]
 	     [--ignore-submodules]
 	     [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
 	     [--info-only] [--index-info]
-	     [-z] [--stdin]
+	     [-z] [--stdin] [--index-version <n>]
 	     [--verbose]
 	     [--] [<file>...]
 
@@ -68,8 +68,12 @@ OPTIONS
 --ignore-missing::
 	Ignores missing files during a --refresh
 
+--cacheinfo <mode>,<object>,<path>::
 --cacheinfo <mode> <object> <path>::
-	Directly insert the specified info into the index.
+	Directly insert the specified info into the index.  For
+	backward compatibility, you can also give these three
+	arguments as three separate parameters, but new users are
+	encouraged to use a single-parameter form.
 
 --index-info::
         Read index information from stdin.
@@ -77,22 +81,19 @@ OPTIONS
 --chmod=(+|-)x::
         Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
 
---assume-unchanged::
---no-assume-unchanged::
-	When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
-	for the paths are not updated.  Instead, these options
-	set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
-	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops
-	checking the working tree files for possible
-	modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
-	tell git when you change the working tree file. This is
+--[no-]assume-unchanged::
+	When this flag is specified, the object names recorded
+	for the paths are not updated.  Instead, this option
+	sets/unsets the "assume unchanged" bit for the
+	paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, the user
+	promises not to change the file and allows Git to assume
+	that the working tree file matches what is recorded in
+	the index.  If you want to change the working tree file,
+	you need to unset the bit to tell Git.  This is
 	sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
 	filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
 	(e.g. cifs).
 +
-This option can be also used as a coarse file-level mechanism
-to ignore uncommitted changes in tracked files (akin to what
-`.gitignore` does for untracked files).
 Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file
 in the index e.g. when merging in a commit;
 thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream,
@@ -102,8 +103,7 @@ you will need to handle the situation manually.
 	Like '--refresh', but checks stat information unconditionally,
 	without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
 
---skip-worktree::
---no-skip-worktree::
+--[no-]skip-worktree::
 	When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
 	for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
 	set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
@@ -143,10 +143,33 @@ you will need to handle the situation manually.
 --verbose::
         Report what is being added and removed from index.
 
+--index-version <n>::
+	Write the resulting index out in the named on-disk format version.
+	Supported versions are 2, 3 and 4. The current default version is 2
+	or 3, depending on whether extra features are used, such as
+	`git add -N`.
++
+Version 4 performs a simple pathname compression that reduces index
+size by 30%-50% on large repositories, which results in faster load
+time. Version 4 is relatively young (first released in in 1.8.0 in
+October 2012). Other Git implementations such as JGit and libgit2
+may not support it yet.
+
 -z::
 	Only meaningful with `--stdin` or `--index-info`; paths are
 	separated with NUL character instead of LF.
 
+--split-index::
+--no-split-index::
+	Enable or disable split index mode. If enabled, the index is
+	split into two files, $GIT_DIR/index and $GIT_DIR/sharedindex.<SHA-1>.
+	Changes are accumulated in $GIT_DIR/index while the shared
+	index file contains all index entries stays unchanged. If
+	split-index mode is already enabled and `--split-index` is
+	given again, all changes in $GIT_DIR/index are pushed back to
+	the shared index file. This mode is designed for very large
+	indexes that take a significant amount of time to read or write.
+
 \--::
 	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 
@@ -177,7 +200,7 @@ merging.
 To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:
 
 ----------------
-$ git update-index --cacheinfo mode sha1 path
+$ git update-index --cacheinfo <mode>,<sha1>,<path>
 ----------------
 
 '--info-only' is used to register files without placing them in the object
@@ -235,7 +258,7 @@ $ git update-index --index-info
 ------------
 
 The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
-path; the SHA1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
+path; the SHA-1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
 Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
 for that path.  After the above, we would end up with this:
 
@@ -249,18 +272,18 @@ $ git ls-files -s
 Using ``assume unchanged'' bit
 ------------------------------
 
-Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an
+Many operations in Git depend on your filesystem to have an
 efficient `lstat(2)` implementation, so that `st_mtime`
 information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
 if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
 the index file.  Unfortunately, some filesystems have
 inefficient `lstat(2)`.  If your filesystem is one of them, you
 can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
-cause git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
-path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to
-see if it has changed -- it makes git to omit any checking and
+cause Git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
+path does not mean Git will check the contents of the file to
+see if it has changed -- it makes Git to omit any checking and
 assume it has *not* changed.  When you make changes to working
-tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping
+tree files, you have to explicitly tell Git about it by dropping
 "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.
 
 In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use `--assume-unchanged`
@@ -270,7 +293,7 @@ have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use `git ls-files -v`
 
 The command looks at `core.ignorestat` configuration variable.  When
 this is true, paths updated with `git update-index paths...` and
-paths updated with other git commands that update both index and
+paths updated with other Git commands that update both index and
 working tree (e.g. 'git apply --index', 'git checkout-index -u',
 and 'git read-tree -u') are automatically marked as "assume
 unchanged".  Note that "assume unchanged" bit is *not* set if
diff --git a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
index d377a35243..c8f5ae5cb3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-update-ref.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ git-update-ref - Update the object name stored in a ref safely
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>])
+'git update-ref' [-m <reason>] (-d <ref> [<oldvalue>] | [--no-deref] <ref> <newvalue> [<oldvalue>] | --stdin [-z])
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -58,6 +58,64 @@ archive by creating a symlink tree).
 With `-d` flag, it deletes the named <ref> after verifying it
 still contains <oldvalue>.
 
+With `--stdin`, update-ref reads instructions from standard input and
+performs all modifications together.  Specify commands of the form:
+
+	update SP <ref> SP <newvalue> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	create SP <ref> SP <newvalue> LF
+	delete SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	verify SP <ref> [SP <oldvalue>] LF
+	option SP <opt> LF
+
+Quote fields containing whitespace as if they were strings in C source
+code; i.e., surrounded by double-quotes and with backslash escapes.
+Use 40 "0" characters or the empty string to specify a zero value.  To
+specify a missing value, omit the value and its preceding SP entirely.
+
+Alternatively, use `-z` to specify in NUL-terminated format, without
+quoting:
+
+	update SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	create SP <ref> NUL <newvalue> NUL
+	delete SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	verify SP <ref> NUL [<oldvalue>] NUL
+	option SP <opt> NUL
+
+In this format, use 40 "0" to specify a zero value, and use the empty
+string to specify a missing value.
+
+In either format, values can be specified in any form that Git
+recognizes as an object name.  Commands in any other format or a
+repeated <ref> produce an error.  Command meanings are:
+
+update::
+	Set <ref> to <newvalue> after verifying <oldvalue>, if given.
+	Specify a zero <newvalue> to ensure the ref does not exist
+	after the update and/or a zero <oldvalue> to make sure the
+	ref does not exist before the update.
+
+create::
+	Create <ref> with <newvalue> after verifying it does not
+	exist.  The given <newvalue> may not be zero.
+
+delete::
+	Delete <ref> after verifying it exists with <oldvalue>, if
+	given.  If given, <oldvalue> may not be zero.
+
+verify::
+	Verify <ref> against <oldvalue> but do not change it.  If
+	<oldvalue> zero or missing, the ref must not exist.
+
+option::
+	Modify behavior of the next command naming a <ref>.
+	The only valid option is `no-deref` to avoid dereferencing
+	a symbolic ref.
+
+If all <ref>s can be locked with matching <oldvalue>s
+simultaneously, all modifications are performed.  Otherwise, no
+modifications are performed.  Note that while each individual
+<ref> is updated or deleted atomically, a concurrent reader may
+still see a subset of the modifications.
 
 Logging Updates
 ---------------
@@ -73,7 +131,7 @@ in ref value.  Log lines are formatted as:
 Where "oldsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value previously
 stored in <ref>, "newsha1" is the 40 character hexadecimal value of
 <newvalue> and "committer" is the committer's name, email address
-and date in the standard GIT committer ident format.
+and date in the standard Git committer ident format.
 
 Optionally with -m:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
index 4d52d3833a..cbef61ba88 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-archive.txt
@@ -14,12 +14,44 @@ SYNOPSIS
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 Invoked by 'git archive --remote' and sends a generated archive to the
-other end over the git protocol.
+other end over the Git protocol.
 
 This command is usually not invoked directly by the end user.  The UI
 for the protocol is on the 'git archive' side, and the program pair
 is meant to be used to get an archive from a remote repository.
 
+SECURITY
+--------
+
+In order to protect the privacy of objects that have been removed from
+history but may not yet have been pruned, `git-upload-archive` avoids
+serving archives for commits and trees that are not reachable from the
+repository's refs.  However, because calculating object reachability is
+computationally expensive, `git-upload-archive` implements a stricter
+but easier-to-check set of rules:
+
+  1. Clients may request a commit or tree that is pointed to directly by
+     a ref. E.g., `git archive --remote=origin v1.0`.
+
+  2. Clients may request a sub-tree within a commit or tree using the
+     `ref:path` syntax. E.g., `git archive --remote=origin v1.0:Documentation`.
+
+  3. Clients may _not_ use other sha1 expressions, even if the end
+     result is reachable. E.g., neither a relative commit like `master^`
+     nor a literal sha1 like `abcd1234` is allowed, even if the result
+     is reachable from the refs.
+
+Note that rule 3 disallows many cases that do not have any privacy
+implications. These rules are subject to change in future versions of
+git, and the server accessed by `git archive --remote` may or may not
+follow these exact rules.
+
+If the config option `uploadArchive.allowUnreachable` is true, these
+rules are ignored, and clients may use arbitrary sha1 expressions.
+This is useful if you do not care about the privacy of unreachable
+objects, or if your object database is already publicly available for
+access via non-smart-http.
+
 OPTIONS
 -------
 <directory>::
diff --git a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
index 71f16083d6..0abc806ea9 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-upload-pack.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ OPTIONS
 -------
 
 --strict::
-	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no git directory.
+	Do not try <directory>/.git/ if <directory> is no Git directory.
 
 --timeout=<n>::
 	Interrupt transfer after <n> seconds of inactivity.
diff --git a/Documentation/git-var.txt b/Documentation/git-var.txt
index 5317cc2474..44ff9541df 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-var.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-var.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-var(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-var - Show a git logical variable
+git-var - Show a Git logical variable
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Prints a git logical variable.
+Prints a Git logical variable.
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
 -l::
 	Cause the logical variables to be listed. In addition, all the
-	variables of the git configuration file .git/config are listed
+	variables of the Git configuration file .git/config are listed
 	as well. (However, the configuration variables listing functionality
 	is deprecated in favor of `git config -l`.)
 
@@ -35,30 +35,29 @@ GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT::
     The author of a piece of code.
 
 GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT::
-    The person who put a piece of code into git.
+    The person who put a piece of code into Git.
 
 GIT_EDITOR::
-    Text editor for use by git commands.  The value is meant to be
+    Text editor for use by Git commands.  The value is meant to be
     interpreted by the shell when it is used.  Examples: `~/bin/vi`,
     `$SOME_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE`, `"C:\Program Files\Vim\gvim.exe"
     --nofork`.  The order of preference is the `$GIT_EDITOR`
     environment variable, then `core.editor` configuration, then
-    `$VISUAL`, then `$EDITOR`, and then finally 'vi'.
+    `$VISUAL`, then `$EDITOR`, and then the default chosen at compile
+    time, which is usually 'vi'.
+ifdef::git-default-editor[]
+    The build you are using chose '{git-default-editor}' as the default.
+endif::git-default-editor[]
 
 GIT_PAGER::
-    Text viewer for use by git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
+    Text viewer for use by Git commands (e.g., 'less').  The value
     is meant to be interpreted by the shell.  The order of preference
     is the `$GIT_PAGER` environment variable, then `core.pager`
-    configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then finally 'less'.
-
-Diagnostics
------------
-You don't exist. Go away!::
-    The passwd(5) gecos field couldn't be read
-Your parents must have hated you!::
-    The passwd(5) gecos field is longer than a giant static buffer.
-Your sysadmin must hate you!::
-    The passwd(5) name field is longer than a giant static buffer.
+    configuration, then `$PAGER`, and then the default chosen at
+    compile time (usually 'less').
+ifdef::git-default-pager[]
+    The build you are using chose '{git-default-pager}' as the default.
+endif::git-default-pager[]
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-commit.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-commit.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9413e2802a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-commit.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+git-verify-commit(1)
+====================
+
+NAME
+----
+git-verify-commit - Check the GPG signature of commits
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git verify-commit' <commit>...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Validates the gpg signature created by 'git commit -S'.
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-v::
+--verbose::
+	Print the contents of the commit object before validating it.
+
+<commit>...::
+	SHA-1 identifiers of Git commit objects.
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
index cd230769fd..526ba7be9c 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-pack.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-verify-pack(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-verify-pack - Validate packed git archive files
+git-verify-pack - Validate packed Git archive files
 
 
 SYNOPSIS
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Reads given idx file for packed git archive created with the
+Reads given idx file for packed Git archive created with the
 'git pack-objects' command and verifies idx file and the
 corresponding pack file.
 
@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ OUTPUT FORMAT
 -------------
 When specifying the -v option the format used is:
 
-	SHA1 type size size-in-pack-file offset-in-packfile
+	SHA-1 type size size-in-pack-file offset-in-packfile
 
 for objects that are not deltified in the pack, and
 
-	SHA1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA1
+	SHA-1 type size size-in-packfile offset-in-packfile depth base-SHA-1
 
 for objects that are deltified.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
index 5ff76e892a..f88ba96f02 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-verify-tag.txt
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ OPTIONS
 	Print the contents of the tag object before validating it.
 
 <tag>...::
-	SHA1 identifiers of git tag objects.
+	SHA-1 identifiers of Git tag objects.
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
index c2bc87bc61..16ede5b4c3 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-web--browse.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-web{litdd}browse(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-web--browse - git helper script to launch a web browser
+git-web--browse - Git helper script to launch a web browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ The following browsers (or commands) are currently supported:
 * dillo
 * open (this is the default under Mac OS X GUI)
 * start (this is the default under MinGW)
+* cygstart (this is the default under Cygwin)
+* xdg-open
 
 Custom commands may also be specified.
 
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 -c <conf.var>::
 --config=<conf.var>::
-	CONF.VAR is looked up in the git config files. If it's set,
+	CONF.VAR is looked up in the Git config files. If it's set,
 	then its value specifies the browser that should be used.
 
 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ CONF.VAR (from -c option) and web.browser
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The web browser can be specified using a configuration variable passed
-with the -c (or --config) command line option, or the 'web.browser'
+with the -c (or --config) command-line option, or the 'web.browser'
 configuration variable if the former is not used.
 
 browser.<tool>.path
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ the URLs passed as arguments.
 Note about konqueror
 --------------------
 
-When 'konqueror' is specified by a command line option or a
+When 'konqueror' is specified by a command-line option or a
 configuration variable, we launch 'kfmclient' to try to open the HTML
 man page on an already opened konqueror in a new tab if possible.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
index 76c7f7eec5..8b63ceb00e 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git-whatchanged.txt
@@ -13,43 +13,17 @@ SYNOPSIS
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.  The
-command internally invokes 'git rev-list' piped to
-'git diff-tree', and takes command line options for both of
-these commands.
 
-This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.
+Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.
 
+New users are encouraged to use linkgit:git-log[1] instead.  The
+`whatchanged` command is essentially the same as linkgit:git-log[1]
+but defaults to show the raw format diff output and to skip merges.
 
-OPTIONS
--------
--p::
-	Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
-	output format that is useful only to tell the changed
-	paths and their nature of changes.
+The command is kept primarily for historical reasons; fingers of
+many people who learned Git long before `git log` was invented by
+reading Linux kernel mailing list are trained to type it.
 
--<n>::
-	Limit output to <n> commits.
-
-<since>..<until>::
-	Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
-	exclusive, top inclusive).
-
--r::
-	Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
-	not just the top level.
-
--m::
-	By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
-	With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
-	of its parents.
-+
-However, it is not very useful in general, although it
-*is* useful on a file-by-file basis.
-
-include::pretty-options.txt[]
-
-include::pretty-formats.txt[]
 
 Examples
 --------
@@ -58,7 +32,7 @@ Examples
 	Show as patches the commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed
 	any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
 
-`git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" \-- gitk`::
+`git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
 
 	Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
 	The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
diff --git a/Documentation/git.txt b/Documentation/git.txt
index b257d80c75..59e8335055 100644
--- a/Documentation/git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/git.txt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ git - the stupid content tracker
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'git' [--version] [--help] [-c <name>=<value>]
+'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
     [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
     [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
     [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
@@ -22,48 +22,188 @@ unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
 and full access to internals.
 
 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
-link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
-"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command.  CVS users may
-also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].  See
-the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
-introduction.
+linkgit:giteveryday[7] for a useful minimum set of
+commands.  The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more
+in-depth introduction.
 
-The '<command>' is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
-as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
+page to learn what commands Git offers.  You can learn more about
+individual Git commands with "git help command".  linkgit:gitcli[7]
+manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax.
 
-Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
-documentation can be viewed at
-`http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
+Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest Git documentation
+can be viewed at `http://git-htmldocs.googlecode.com/git/git.html`.
 
 ifdef::stalenotes[]
 [NOTE]
 ============
 
 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
-unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
+unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master'
 branch of the `git.git` repository.
 Documentation for older releases are available here:
 
-* link:v1.7.9.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.3]
+* link:v2.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.3.5]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.5.txt[2.3.5],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.4.txt[2.3.4],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.3.txt[2.3.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.2.txt[2.3.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.1.txt[2.3.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.3.0.txt[2.3].
+
+* link:v2.2.2/git.html[documentation for release 2.2.2]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.2.2.txt[2.2.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.2.1.txt[2.2.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.2.0.txt[2.2].
+
+* link:v2.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.1.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.1.4.txt[2.1.4],
+  link:RelNotes/2.1.3.txt[2.1.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.1.2.txt[2.1.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.1.1.txt[2.1.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.1.0.txt[2.1].
+
+* link:v2.0.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.0.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.5.txt[2.0.5],
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.4.txt[2.0.4],
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.3.txt[2.0.3],
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.2.txt[2.0.2],
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.1.txt[2.0.1],
+  link:RelNotes/2.0.0.txt[2.0.0].
+
+* link:v1.9.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.5.txt[1.9.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.4.txt[1.9.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.3.txt[1.9.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.2.txt[1.9.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.1.txt[1.9.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0].
+
+* link:v1.8.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt[1.8.5.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt[1.8.5.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt[1.8.5.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5].
+
+* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4].
+
+* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3].
+
+* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2].
+
+* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1].
+
+* link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt[1.8.0.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt[1.8.0.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt[1.8.0.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0].
+
+* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.12.txt[1.7.12].
+
+* link:v1.7.11.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.7]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt[1.7.11.7],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt[1.7.11.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11].
+
+* link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt[1.7.10.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt[1.7.10.4],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt[1.7.10.3],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt[1.7.10.2],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt[1.7.10.1],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10].
+
+* link:v1.7.9.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.7]
+
+* release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt[1.7.9.7],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt[1.7.9.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt[1.7.9.5],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt[1.7.9.4],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt[1.7.9.3],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt[1.7.9.2],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt[1.7.9.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9].
 
-* link:v1.7.8.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.4]
+* link:v1.7.8.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.6]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt[1.7.8.6],
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt[1.7.8.5],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
 
-* link:v1.7.7.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.6]
+* link:v1.7.7.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.7]
 
 * release notes for
+  link:RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt[1.7.7.7],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
   link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4],
@@ -304,12 +444,12 @@ endif::stalenotes[]
 OPTIONS
 -------
 --version::
-	Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
+	Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
 
 --help::
 	Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
 	commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
-	available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
+	available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
 	option will bring up the manual page for that command.
 +
 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
@@ -317,29 +457,48 @@ displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
 help ...`.
 
+-C <path>::
+	Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working
+	directory.  When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent
+	non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C
+	<path>`.
++
+This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and
+`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be
+made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For
+example the following invocations are equivalent:
+
+    git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status
+    git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status
+
 -c <name>=<value>::
 	Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
 	given will override values from configuration files.
 	The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
 	'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
++
+Note that omitting the `=` in `git -c foo.bar ...` is allowed and sets
+`foo.bar` to the boolean true value (just like `[foo]bar` would in a
+config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like `git -c
+foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string.
 
 --exec-path[=<path>]::
-	Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
+	Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
 	This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
 	environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
 	the current setting and then exit.
 
 --html-path::
-	Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML
+	Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML
 	documentation is installed and exit.
 
 --man-path::
 	Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
-	this version of git and exit.
+	this version of Git and exit.
 
 --info-path::
 	Print the path where the Info files documenting this
-	version of git are installed and exit.
+	version of Git are installed and exit.
 
 -p::
 --paginate::
@@ -349,7 +508,7 @@ help ...`.
 	below).
 
 --no-pager::
-	Do not pipe git output into a pager.
+	Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
 
 --git-dir=<path>::
 	Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
@@ -365,7 +524,7 @@ help ...`.
 	more detailed discussion).
 
 --namespace=<path>::
-	Set the git namespace.  See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
+	Set the Git namespace.  See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
 	details.  Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
 	variable.
 
@@ -375,32 +534,34 @@ help ...`.
 	directory.
 
 --no-replace-objects::
-	Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
+	Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See
 	linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
 
+--literal-pathspecs::
+	Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic).
+	This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment
+	variable to `1`.
 
-FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
----------------------
+--glob-pathspecs::
+	Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling
+	globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+	magic ":(literal)"
 
-See the references above to get started using git.  The following is
-probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
+--noglob-pathspecs::
+	Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling
+	globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
+	magic ":(glob)"
 
-The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
-user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
-introductions to the underlying git architecture.
-
-See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
-
-See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
-examples.
-
-The internals are documented in the
-link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
+--icase-pathspecs::
+	Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
+	the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`.
 
 GIT COMMANDS
 ------------
 
-We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
+We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
 ("plumbing") commands.
 
 High-level commands (porcelain)
@@ -437,7 +598,7 @@ include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
 Low-level commands (plumbing)
 -----------------------------
 
-Although git includes its
+Although Git includes its
 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
 development of alternative porcelains.  Developers of such porcelains
 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
@@ -495,10 +656,9 @@ include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
 Configuration Mechanism
 -----------------------
 
-Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
-is used to hold per-repository configuration options.  It is a
-simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
-people.  Here is an example:
+Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
+repository and are per user.  Such a configuration file may look
+like this:
 
 ------------
 #
@@ -513,13 +673,13 @@ people.  Here is an example:
 ; user identity
 [user]
 	name = "Junio C Hamano"
-	email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
+	email = "gitster@pobox.com"
 
 ------------
 
 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
 their operation accordingly.  See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
-list.
+list and more details about the configuration mechanism.
 
 
 Identifier Terminology
@@ -558,7 +718,7 @@ Identifier Terminology
 
 Symbolic Identifiers
 --------------------
-Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
+Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
 symbolic notation:
 
 HEAD::
@@ -594,19 +754,25 @@ Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 Environment Variables
 ---------------------
-Various git commands use the following environment variables:
+Various Git commands use the following environment variables:
 
-The git Repository
+The Git Repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
+These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it
 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
-git so take care if using Cogito etc.
+Git so take care if using Cogito etc.
 
 'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
 	This environment allows the specification of an alternate
 	index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
 	is used.
 
+'GIT_INDEX_VERSION'::
+	This environment variable allows the specification of an index
+	version for new repositories.  It won't affect existing index
+	files.  By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See
+	linkgit:git-update-index[1] for more information.
+
 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
 	If the object storage directory is specified via this
 	environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
@@ -614,47 +780,53 @@ git so take care if using Cogito etc.
 	directory is used.
 
 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
-	Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
+	Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
 	archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
 	specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
-	of git object directories which can be used to search for git
+	of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
 	objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
 
 'GIT_DIR'::
 	If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
 	specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
 	for the base of the repository.
+	The '--git-dir' command-line option also sets this value.
 
 'GIT_WORK_TREE'::
-	Set the path to the working tree.  The value will not be
-	used in combination with repositories found automatically in
-	a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
-	This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
+	Set the path to the root of the working tree.
+	This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command-line
 	option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
 
 'GIT_NAMESPACE'::
-	Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
+	Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
 	The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
 
 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
-	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
-	If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
-	up into while looking for a repository directory.
-	It will not exclude the current working directory or
-	a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
-	(Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
+	This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.  If
+	set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
+	into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
+	excluding slow-loading network directories).  It will not
+	exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
+	command line or in the environment.  Normally, Git has to read
+	the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
+	might be present in order to compare them with the current
+	directory.  However, if even this access is slow, you
+	can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
+	subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved;
+	e.g.,
+	'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink'.
 
 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
 	When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
-	directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
+	directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
 	directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
 	does not cross filesystem boundaries.  This environment variable
-	can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
+	can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
 	boundaries.  Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
 	an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
 	command line.
 
-git Commits
+Git Commits
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
@@ -665,13 +837,13 @@ git Commits
 'EMAIL'::
 	see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
 
-git Diffs
+Git Diffs
 ~~~~~~~~~
 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
 	Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
 	number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
 	This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
-	value passed on the git diff command line.
+	value passed on the Git diff command line.
 
 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
 	When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
@@ -685,7 +857,7 @@ where:
 
 	<old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
                          contents of <old|new>,
-	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
+	<old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
 	<old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
 +
 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
@@ -696,6 +868,15 @@ temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
 +
 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
 parameter, <path>.
++
+For each path 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called, two environment variables,
+'GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER' and 'GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL' are set.
+
+'GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER'::
+	A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path.
+
+'GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL'::
+	The total number of paths.
 
 other
 ~~~~~
@@ -706,65 +887,168 @@ other
 
 'GIT_PAGER'::
 	This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
-	to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
+	to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
 	a pager.  See also the `core.pager` option in
 	linkgit:git-config[1].
 
+'GIT_EDITOR'::
+	This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
+	It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
+	an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
+	and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
+
 'GIT_SSH'::
-	If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
-	and 'git push' will use this command instead
-	of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
-	The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
-	the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
-	shell command to execute on that remote system.
+'GIT_SSH_COMMAND'::
+	If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch'
+	and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh'
+	when they need to connect to a remote system.
+	The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the
+	'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell
+	command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by
+	'-p' (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies
+	something other than the default SSH port.
 +
-To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
-you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
-then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
+`$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted
+by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.
+`$GIT_SSH` on the other hand must be just the path to a program
+(which can be a wrapper shell script, if additional arguments are
+needed).
 +
 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
 personal `.ssh/config` file.  Please consult your ssh documentation
 for further details.
 
 'GIT_ASKPASS'::
-	If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
+	If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
 	acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
-	will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
-	and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
+	will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument
+	and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askPass'
 	option in linkgit:git-config[1].
 
+'GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT'::
+	If this environment variable is set to `0`, git will not prompt
+	on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).
+
+'GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM'::
+	Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
+	`$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file.  This environment variable can
+	be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
+	predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
+	temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
+	waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
+
 'GIT_FLUSH'::
 	If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
 	as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
-	and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
-	after each commit-oriented record have been flushed.   If this
+	'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will
+	force a flush of the output stream after each record have been
+	flushed. If this
 	variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
 	using completely buffered I/O.   If this environment variable is
-	not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
+	not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
 	based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
 
 'GIT_TRACE'::
-	If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
-	is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
-	stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
-	execution and external command execution.
-	If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
-	and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
-	value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
-	trace messages into this file descriptor.
-	Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
-	(starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
-	as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
-	into it.
+	Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in
+	command execution and external command execution.
++
+If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
+is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to
+stderr.
++
+If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2
+and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
+value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
+trace messages into this file descriptor.
++
+Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
+(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
+as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
+into it.
++
+Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
+"false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.
+
+'GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS'::
+	Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each
+	access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
+	recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
+	pack-related performance problems.
+	See 'GIT_TRACE' for available trace output options.
+
+'GIT_TRACE_PACKET'::
+	Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a
+	given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation
+	or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet
+	starting with "PACK".
+	See 'GIT_TRACE' for available trace output options.
+
+'GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE'::
+	Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution
+	time of each Git command.
+	See 'GIT_TRACE' for available trace output options.
+
+'GIT_TRACE_SETUP'::
+	Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current
+	working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.
+	See 'GIT_TRACE' for available trace output options.
+
+'GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW'::
+	Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching /
+	cloning of shallow repositories.
+	See 'GIT_TRACE' for available trace output options.
+
+GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
+	running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search
+	for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the
+	glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding
+	literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
+	`git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).
+
+GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
+
+GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
+
+GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS::
+	Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
+	pathspecs as case-insensitive.
+
+'GIT_REFLOG_ACTION'::
+	When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep
+	track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is
+	typically the name of the high-level command that updated
+	the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.
+	A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action
+	helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this
+	variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the
+	end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.
+
+`GIT_REF_PARANOIA`::
+	If set to `1`, include broken or badly named refs when iterating
+	over lists of refs. In a normal, non-corrupted repository, this
+	does nothing. However, enabling it may help git to detect and
+	abort some operations in the presence of broken refs. Git sets
+	this variable automatically when performing destructive
+	operations like linkgit:git-prune[1]. You should not need to set
+	it yourself unless you want to be paranoid about making sure
+	an operation has touched every ref (e.g., because you are
+	cloning a repository to make a backup).
+
 
 Discussion[[Discussion]]
 ------------------------
 
 More detail on the following is available from the
-link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
+link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
 
-A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
+A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
 subdirectory at the top level.  The .git directory contains, among other
 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
@@ -781,7 +1065,7 @@ The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
 represents an immediately preceding step.  Commits with more than one
 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
 
-All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
+All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
 written as a string of 40 hex digits.  Such names are globally unique.
 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
 just that commit.  A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
@@ -791,9 +1075,9 @@ When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
 
 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history.  A ref
-may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
-with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
-recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA1 names of
+may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref.  Refs
+with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most
+recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development.  SHA-1 names of
 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`.  A special ref named
 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
 
@@ -810,12 +1094,37 @@ The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
 for a given pathname.  These stages are used to hold the various
 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
 
+FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
+---------------------
+
+See the references in the "description" section to get started
+using Git.  The following is probably more detail than necessary
+for a first-time user.
+
+The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
+user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
+introductions to the underlying Git architecture.
+
+See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
+
+See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
+examples.
+
+The internals are documented in the
+link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].
+
+Users migrating from CVS may also want to
+read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
+
+
 Authors
 -------
 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
-C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list
-<git@vger.kernel.org>. For a more complete list of contributors, see
-http://git-scm.com/about. If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
+C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
+<git@vger.kernel.org>.  http://www.openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary
+gives you a more complete list of contributors.
+
+If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
 output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
 the authors for specific parts of the project.
 
@@ -829,7 +1138,7 @@ subscribed to the list to send a message there.
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
 linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
diff --git a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
index 80120ea14f..70899b3023 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitattributes.txt
@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ When more than one pattern matches the path, a later line
 overrides an earlier line.  This overriding is done per
 attribute.  The rules how the pattern matches paths are the
 same as in `.gitignore` files; see linkgit:gitignore[5].
+Unlike `.gitignore`, negative patterns are forbidden.
 
-When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, git
+When deciding what attributes are assigned to a path, Git
 consults `$GIT_DIR/info/attributes` file (which has the highest
 precedence), `.gitattributes` file in the same directory as the
 path in question, and its parent directories up to the toplevel of the
@@ -66,6 +67,11 @@ is from the path in question, the lower its precedence). Finally
 global and system-wide files are considered (they have the lowest
 precedence).
 
+When the `.gitattributes` file is missing from the work tree, the
+path in the index is used as a fall-back.  During checkout process,
+`.gitattributes` in the index is used and then the file in the
+working tree is used as a fall-back.
+
 If you wish to affect only a single repository (i.e., to assign
 attributes to files that are particular to
 one user's workflow for that repository), then
@@ -74,7 +80,9 @@ Attributes which should be version-controlled and distributed to other
 repositories (i.e., attributes of interest to all users) should go into
 `.gitattributes` files. Attributes that should affect all repositories
 for a single user should be placed in a file specified by the
-`core.attributesfile` configuration option (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+`core.attributesFile` configuration option (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+Its default value is $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/attributes. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+is either not set or empty, $HOME/.config/git/attributes is used instead.
 Attributes for all users on a system should be placed in the
 `$(prefix)/etc/gitattributes` file.
 
@@ -86,7 +94,7 @@ the name of the attribute prefixed with an exclamation point `!`.
 EFFECTS
 -------
 
-Certain operations by git can be influenced by assigning
+Certain operations by Git can be influenced by assigning
 particular attributes to a path.  Currently, the following
 operations are attributes-aware.
 
@@ -96,7 +104,7 @@ Checking-out and checking-in
 These attributes affect how the contents stored in the
 repository are copied to the working tree files when commands
 such as 'git checkout' and 'git merge' run.  They also affect how
-git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
+Git stores the contents you prepare in the working tree in the
 repository upon 'git add' and 'git commit'.
 
 `text`
@@ -116,22 +124,22 @@ Set::
 
 Unset::
 
-	Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells git not to
+	Unsetting the `text` attribute on a path tells Git not to
 	attempt any end-of-line conversion upon checkin or checkout.
 
 Set to string value "auto"::
 
 	When `text` is set to "auto", the path is marked for automatic
-	end-of-line normalization.  If git decides that the content is
+	end-of-line normalization.  If Git decides that the content is
 	text, its line endings are normalized to LF on checkin.
 
 Unspecified::
 
-	If the `text` attribute is unspecified, git uses the
+	If the `text` attribute is unspecified, Git uses the
 	`core.autocrlf` configuration variable to determine if the
 	file should be converted.
 
-Any other value causes git to act as if `text` has been left
+Any other value causes Git to act as if `text` has been left
 unspecified.
 
 `eol`
@@ -143,13 +151,13 @@ content checks, effectively setting the `text` attribute.
 
 Set to string value "crlf"::
 
-	This setting forces git to normalize line endings for this
+	This setting forces Git to normalize line endings for this
 	file on checkin and convert them to CRLF when the file is
 	checked out.
 
 Set to string value "lf"::
 
-	This setting forces git to normalize line endings to LF on
+	This setting forces Git to normalize line endings to LF on
 	checkin and prevents conversion to CRLF when the file is
 	checked out.
 
@@ -168,11 +176,11 @@ crlf=input	eol=lf
 End-of-line conversion
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-While git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to
+While Git normally leaves file contents alone, it can be configured to
 normalize line endings to LF in the repository and, optionally, to
 convert them to CRLF when files are checked out.
 
-Here is an example that will make git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh
+Here is an example that will make Git normalize .txt, .vcproj and .sh
 files, ensure that .vcproj files have CRLF and .sh files have LF in
 the working directory, and prevent .jpg files from being normalized
 regardless of their content.
@@ -186,7 +194,7 @@ regardless of their content.
 
 Other source code management systems normalize all text files in their
 repositories, and there are two ways to enable similar automatic
-normalization in git.
+normalization in Git.
 
 If you simply want to have CRLF line endings in your working directory
 regardless of the repository you are working with, you can set the
@@ -211,9 +219,9 @@ attribute to "auto" for _all_ files.
 *	text=auto
 ------------------------
 
-This ensures that all files that git considers to be text will have
+This ensures that all files that Git considers to be text will have
 normalized (LF) line endings in the repository.  The `core.eol`
-configuration variable controls which line endings git will use for
+configuration variable controls which line endings Git will use for
 normalized files in your working directory; the default is to use the
 native line ending for your platform, or CRLF if `core.autocrlf` is
 set.
@@ -226,7 +234,7 @@ directory:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ echo "* text=auto" >>.gitattributes
-$ rm .git/index     # Remove the index to force git to
+$ rm .git/index     # Remove the index to force Git to
 $ git reset         # re-scan the working directory
 $ git status        # Show files that will be normalized
 $ git add -u
@@ -241,17 +249,17 @@ unset their `text` attribute before running 'git add -u'.
 manual.pdf	-text
 ------------------------
 
-Conversely, text files that git does not detect can have normalization
+Conversely, text files that Git does not detect can have normalization
 enabled manually.
 
 ------------------------
 weirdchars.txt	text
 ------------------------
 
-If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", git verifies if
+If `core.safecrlf` is set to "true" or "warn", Git verifies if
 the conversion is reversible for the current setting of
-`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", git rejects irreversible
-conversions; for "warn", git only prints a warning but accepts
+`core.autocrlf`.  For "true", Git rejects irreversible
+conversions; for "warn", Git only prints a warning but accepts
 an irreversible conversion.  The safety triggers to prevent such
 a conversion done to the files in the work tree, but there are a
 few exceptions.  Even though...
@@ -272,7 +280,7 @@ few exceptions.  Even though...
 `ident`
 ^^^^^^^
 
-When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, git replaces
+When the attribute `ident` is set for a path, Git replaces
 `$Id$` in the blob object with `$Id:`, followed by the
 40-character hexadecimal blob object name, followed by a dollar
 sign `$` upon checkout.  Any byte sequence that begins with
@@ -303,7 +311,7 @@ the appropriate filter program, the project should still be usable.
 
 Another use of the content filtering is to store the content that cannot
 be directly used in the repository (e.g. a UUID that refers to the true
-content stored outside git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a
+content stored outside Git, or an encrypted content) and turn it into a
 usable form upon checkout (e.g. download the external content, or decrypt
 the encrypted content).
 
@@ -389,7 +397,7 @@ clean/smudge filter or text/eol/ident attributes, merging anything
 where the attribute is not in place would normally cause merge
 conflicts.
 
-To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, git can be told to run a
+To prevent these unnecessary merge conflicts, Git can be told to run a
 virtual check-out and check-in of all three stages of a file when
 resolving a three-way merge by setting the `merge.renormalize`
 configuration variable.  This prevents changes caused by check-in
@@ -409,11 +417,11 @@ Generating diff text
 `diff`
 ^^^^^^
 
-The attribute `diff` affects how 'git' generates diffs for particular
-files. It can tell git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
+The attribute `diff` affects how Git generates diffs for particular
+files. It can tell Git whether to generate a textual patch for the path
 or to treat the path as a binary file.  It can also affect what line is
-shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell git to use an
-external command to generate the diff, or ask git to convert binary
+shown on the hunk header `@@ -k,l +n,m @@` line, tell Git to use an
+external command to generate the diff, or ask Git to convert binary
 files to a text format before generating the diff.
 
 Set::
@@ -432,8 +440,8 @@ Unspecified::
 
 	A path to which the `diff` attribute is unspecified
 	first gets its contents inspected, and if it looks like
-	text, it is treated as text.  Otherwise it would
-	generate `Binary files differ`.
+	text and is smaller than core.bigFileThreshold, it is treated
+	as text. Otherwise it would generate `Binary files differ`.
 
 String::
 
@@ -441,7 +449,7 @@ String::
 	specify one or more options, as described in the following
 	section. The options for the diff driver "foo" are defined
 	by the configuration variables in the "diff.foo" section of the
-	git config file.
+	Git config file.
 
 
 Defining an external diff driver
@@ -459,7 +467,7 @@ To define an external diff driver `jcdiff`, add a section to your
 	command = j-c-diff
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-When git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
+When Git needs to show you a diff for the path with `diff`
 attribute set to `jcdiff`, it calls the command you specified
 with the above configuration, i.e. `j-c-diff`, with 7
 parameters, just like `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` program is called.
@@ -509,6 +517,8 @@ configuration file (you still need to enable this with the
 attribute mechanism, via `.gitattributes`).  The following built in
 patterns are available:
 
+- `ada` suitable for source code in the Ada language.
+
 - `bibtex` suitable for files with BibTeX coded references.
 
 - `cpp` suitable for source code in the C and C++ languages.
@@ -596,7 +606,7 @@ should generate it separately and send it as a comment _in
 addition to_ the usual binary diff that you might send.
 
 Because text conversion can be slow, especially when doing a
-large number of them with `git log -p`, git provides a mechanism
+large number of them with `git log -p`, Git provides a mechanism
 to cache the output and use it in future diffs.  To enable
 caching, set the "cachetextconv" variable in your diff driver's
 config. For example:
@@ -609,7 +619,7 @@ config. For example:
 
 This will cache the result of running "exif" on each blob
 indefinitely. If you change the textconv config variable for a
-diff driver, git will automatically invalidate the cache entries
+diff driver, Git will automatically invalidate the cache entries
 and re-run the textconv filter. If you want to invalidate the
 cache manually (e.g., because your version of "exif" was updated
 and now produces better output), you can remove the cache
@@ -630,7 +640,7 @@ output to resemble unified diff. You are free to locate and report
 changes in the most appropriate way for your data format.
 
 A textconv, by comparison, is much more limiting. You provide a
-transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and git
+transformation of the data into a line-oriented text format, and Git
 uses its regular diff tools to generate the output. There are several
 advantages to choosing this method:
 
@@ -640,7 +650,7 @@ advantages to choosing this method:
    odt2txt).
 
 2. Git diff features. By performing only the transformation step
-   yourself, you can still utilize many of git's diff features,
+   yourself, you can still utilize many of Git's diff features,
    including colorization, word-diff, and combined diffs for merges.
 
 3. Caching. Textconv caching can speed up repeated diffs, such as those
@@ -655,7 +665,7 @@ data by examining the beginning of the contents. However, sometimes you
 may want to override its decision, either because a blob contains binary
 data later in the file, or because the content, while technically
 composed of text characters, is opaque to a human reader. For example,
-many postscript files contain only ascii characters, but produce noisy
+many postscript files contain only ASCII characters, but produce noisy
 and meaningless diffs.
 
 The simplest way to mark a file as binary is to unset the diff
@@ -665,12 +675,12 @@ attribute in the `.gitattributes` file:
 *.ps -diff
 ------------------------
 
-This will cause git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
+This will cause Git to generate `Binary files differ` (or a binary
 patch, if binary patches are enabled) instead of a regular diff.
 
 However, one may also want to specify other diff driver attributes. For
 example, you might want to use `textconv` to convert postscript files to
-an ascii representation for human viewing, but otherwise treat them as
+an ASCII representation for human viewing, but otherwise treat them as
 binary files. You cannot specify both `-diff` and `diff=ps` attributes.
 The solution is to use the `diff.*.binary` config option:
 
@@ -821,7 +831,7 @@ control per path.
 
 Set::
 
-	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to git.
+	Notice all types of potential whitespace errors known to Git.
 	The tab width is taken from the value of the `core.whitespace`
 	configuration variable.
 
@@ -853,7 +863,7 @@ archive files.
 `export-subst`
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then git will expand
+If the attribute `export-subst` is set for a file then Git will expand
 several placeholders when adding this file to an archive.  The
 expansion depends on the availability of a commit ID, i.e., if
 linkgit:git-archive[1] has been given a tree instead of a commit or a
@@ -920,12 +930,15 @@ state.
 DEFINING MACRO ATTRIBUTES
 -------------------------
 
-Custom macro attributes can be defined only in the `.gitattributes`
-file at the toplevel (i.e. not in any subdirectory).  The built-in
-macro attribute "binary" is equivalent to:
+Custom macro attributes can be defined only in top-level gitattributes
+files (`$GIT_DIR/info/attributes`, the `.gitattributes` file at the
+top level of the working tree, or the global or system-wide
+gitattributes files), not in `.gitattributes` files in working tree
+subdirectories.  The built-in macro attribute "binary" is equivalent
+to:
 
 ------------
-[attr]binary -diff -text
+[attr]binary -diff -merge -text
 ------------
 
 
@@ -951,7 +964,7 @@ abc	-foo -bar
 the attributes given to path `t/abc` are computed as follows:
 
 1. By examining `t/.gitattributes` (which is in the same
-   directory as the path in question), git finds that the first
+   directory as the path in question), Git finds that the first
    line matches.  `merge` attribute is set.  It also finds that
    the second line matches, and attributes `foo` and `bar`
    are unset.
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcli.txt b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
index f734f97b8e..dfe7d83727 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcli.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcli.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcli(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcli - git command line interface and conventions
+gitcli - Git command-line interface and conventions
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ gitcli
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This manual describes the convention used throughout git CLI.
+This manual describes the convention used throughout Git CLI.
 
 Many commands take revisions (most often "commits", but sometimes
 "tree-ish", depending on the context and command) and paths as their
@@ -25,74 +25,104 @@ arguments.  Here are the rules:
    are paths.
 
  * When an argument can be misunderstood as either a revision or a path,
-   they can be disambiguated by placing `\--` between them.
-   E.g. `git diff \-- HEAD` is, "I have a file called HEAD in my work
+   they can be disambiguated by placing `--` between them.
+   E.g. `git diff -- HEAD` is, "I have a file called HEAD in my work
    tree.  Please show changes between the version I staged in the index
-   and what I have in the work tree for that file". not "show difference
+   and what I have in the work tree for that file", not "show difference
    between the HEAD commit and the work tree as a whole".  You can say
-   `git diff HEAD \--` to ask for the latter.
+   `git diff HEAD --` to ask for the latter.
 
- * Without disambiguating `\--`, git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
+ * Without disambiguating `--`, Git makes a reasonable guess, but errors
    out and asking you to disambiguate when ambiguous.  E.g. if you have a
    file called HEAD in your work tree, `git diff HEAD` is ambiguous, and
-   you have to say either `git diff HEAD \--` or `git diff \-- HEAD` to
+   you have to say either `git diff HEAD --` or `git diff -- HEAD` to
    disambiguate.
-
++
 When writing a script that is expected to handle random user-input, it is
 a good practice to make it explicit which arguments are which by placing
-disambiguating `\--` at appropriate places.
+disambiguating `--` at appropriate places.
+
+ * Many commands allow wildcards in paths, but you need to protect
+   them from getting globbed by the shell.  These two mean different
+   things:
++
+--------------------------------
+$ git checkout -- *.c
+$ git checkout -- \*.c
+--------------------------------
++
+The former lets your shell expand the fileglob, and you are asking
+the dot-C files in your working tree to be overwritten with the version
+in the index.  The latter passes the `*.c` to Git, and you are asking
+the paths in the index that match the pattern to be checked out to your
+working tree.  After running `git add hello.c; rm hello.c`, you will _not_
+see `hello.c` in your working tree with the former, but with the latter
+you will.
+
+ * Just as the filesystem '.' (period) refers to the current directory,
+   using a '.' as a repository name in Git (a dot-repository) is a relative
+   path and means your current repository.
 
 Here are the rules regarding the "flags" that you should follow when you are
-scripting git:
+scripting Git:
 
- * it's preferred to use the non dashed form of git commands, which means that
+ * it's preferred to use the non-dashed form of Git commands, which means that
    you should prefer `git foo` to `git-foo`.
 
  * splitting short options to separate words (prefer `git foo -a -b`
    to `git foo -ab`, the latter may not even work).
 
- * when a command line option takes an argument, use the 'sticked' form.  In
+ * when a command-line option takes an argument, use the 'stuck' form.  In
    other words, write `git foo -oArg` instead of `git foo -o Arg` for short
    options, and `git foo --long-opt=Arg` instead of `git foo --long-opt Arg`
    for long options.  An option that takes optional option-argument must be
-   written in the 'sticked' form.
+   written in the 'stuck' form.
 
  * when you give a revision parameter to a command, make sure the parameter is
    not ambiguous with a name of a file in the work tree.  E.g. do not write
    `git log -1 HEAD` but write `git log -1 HEAD --`; the former will not work
    if you happen to have a file called `HEAD` in the work tree.
 
+ * many commands allow a long option `--option` to be abbreviated
+   only to their unique prefix (e.g. if there is no other option
+   whose name begins with `opt`, you may be able to spell `--opt` to
+   invoke the `--option` flag), but you should fully spell them out
+   when writing your scripts; later versions of Git may introduce a
+   new option whose name shares the same prefix, e.g. `--optimize`,
+   to make a short prefix that used to be unique no longer unique.
+
 
 ENHANCED OPTION PARSER
 ----------------------
-From the git 1.5.4 series and further, many git commands (not all of them at the
+From the Git 1.5.4 series and further, many Git commands (not all of them at the
 time of the writing though) come with an enhanced option parser.
 
-Here is an exhaustive list of the facilities provided by this option parser.
+Here is a list of the facilities provided by this option parser.
 
 
 Magic Options
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Commands which have the enhanced option parser activated all understand a
-couple of magic command line options:
+couple of magic command-line options:
 
 -h::
 	gives a pretty printed usage of the command.
 +
 ---------------------------------------------
 $ git describe -h
-usage: git describe [options] <committish>*
+usage: git describe [options] <commit-ish>*
+   or: git describe [options] --dirty
 
     --contains            find the tag that comes after the commit
     --debug               debug search strategy on stderr
-    --all                 use any ref in .git/refs
-    --tags                use any tag in .git/refs/tags
-    --abbrev [<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
-    --candidates <n>      consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)
+    --all                 use any ref
+    --tags                use any tag, even unannotated
+    --long                always use long format
+    --abbrev[=<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
 ---------------------------------------------
 
 --help-all::
-	Some git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
+	Some Git commands take options that are only used for plumbing or that
 	are deprecated, and such options are hidden from the default usage. This
 	option gives the full list of options.
 
@@ -112,6 +142,16 @@ options. This means that you can for example use `git rm -rf` or
 `git clean -fdx`.
 
 
+Abbreviating long options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Commands that support the enhanced option parser accepts unique
+prefix of a long option as if it is fully spelled out, but use this
+with a caution.  For example, `git commit --amen` behaves as if you
+typed `git commit --amend`, but that is true only until a later version
+of Git introduces another option that shares the same prefix,
+e.g. `git commit --amenity` option.
+
+
 Separating argument from the option
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 You can write the mandatory option parameter to an option as a separate
@@ -125,7 +165,7 @@ $ git foo -o Arg
 ----------------------------
 
 However, this is *NOT* allowed for switches with an optional value, where the
-'sticked' form must be used:
+'stuck' form must be used:
 ----------------------------
 $ git describe --abbrev HEAD     # correct
 $ git describe --abbrev=10 HEAD  # correct
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
index fb0d5692a4..8475c07932 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcore-tutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcore-tutorial(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcore-tutorial - A git core tutorial for developers
+gitcore-tutorial - A Git core tutorial for developers
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@ git *
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This tutorial explains how to use the "core" git commands to set up and
-work with a git repository.
+This tutorial explains how to use the "core" Git commands to set up and
+work with a Git repository.
 
-If you just need to use git as a revision control system you may prefer
-to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to GIT" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
-link:user-manual.html[the GIT User Manual].
+If you just need to use Git as a revision control system you may prefer
+to start with "A Tutorial Introduction to Git" (linkgit:gittutorial[7]) or
+link:user-manual.html[the Git User Manual].
 
 However, an understanding of these low-level tools can be helpful if
-you want to understand git's internals.
+you want to understand Git's internals.
 
-The core git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
+The core Git is often called "plumbing", with the prettier user
 interfaces on top of it called "porcelain". You may not want to use the
 plumbing directly very often, but it can be good to know what the
 plumbing does for when the porcelain isn't flushing.
@@ -40,19 +40,19 @@ Deeper technical details are often marked as Notes, which you can
 skip on your first reading.
 
 
-Creating a git repository
+Creating a Git repository
 -------------------------
 
-Creating a new git repository couldn't be easier: all git repositories start
+Creating a new Git repository couldn't be easier: all Git repositories start
 out empty, and the only thing you need to do is find yourself a
 subdirectory that you want to use as a working tree - either an empty
 one for a totally new project, or an existing working tree that you want
-to import into git.
+to import into Git.
 
 For our first example, we're going to start a totally new repository from
 scratch, with no pre-existing files, and we'll call it 'git-tutorial'.
 To start up, create a subdirectory for it, change into that
-subdirectory, and initialize the git infrastructure with 'git init':
+subdirectory, and initialize the Git infrastructure with 'git init':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ mkdir git-tutorial
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ $ cd git-tutorial
 $ git init
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-to which git will reply
+to which Git will reply
 
 ----------------
 Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
 ----------------
 
-which is just git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
+which is just Git's way of saying that you haven't been doing anything
 strange, and that it will have created a local `.git` directory setup for
 your new project. You will now have a `.git` directory, and you can
 inspect that with 'ls'. For your new empty project, it should show you
@@ -102,13 +102,13 @@ start out expecting to work on the `master` branch.
 
 However, this is only a convention, and you can name your branches
 anything you want, and don't have to ever even 'have' a `master`
-branch. A number of the git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
+branch. A number of the Git tools will assume that `.git/HEAD` is
 valid, though.
 
 [NOTE]
-An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA1 hash, aka 'object name',
+An 'object' is identified by its 160-bit SHA-1 hash, aka 'object name',
 and a reference to an object is always the 40-byte hex
-representation of that SHA1 name. The files in the `refs`
+representation of that SHA-1 name. The files in the `refs`
 subdirectory are expected to contain these hex references
 (usually with a final `\n` at the end), and you should thus
 expect to see a number of 41-byte files containing these
@@ -119,18 +119,18 @@ populating your tree.
 An advanced user may want to take a look at linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
 after finishing this tutorial.
 
-You have now created your first git repository. Of course, since it's
+You have now created your first Git repository. Of course, since it's
 empty, that's not very useful, so let's start populating it with data.
 
 
-Populating a git repository
+Populating a Git repository
 ---------------------------
 
 We'll keep this simple and stupid, so we'll start off with populating a
 few trivial files just to get a feel for it.
 
 Start off with just creating any random files that you want to maintain
-in your git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
+in your Git repository. We'll start off with a few bad examples, just to
 get a feel for how this works:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -146,13 +146,13 @@ but to actually check in your hard work, you will have to go through two steps:
 
  - commit that index file as an object.
 
-The first step is trivial: when you want to tell git about any changes
+The first step is trivial: when you want to tell Git about any changes
 to your working tree, you use the 'git update-index' program. That
 program normally just takes a list of filenames you want to update, but
 to avoid trivial mistakes, it refuses to add new entries to the index
 (or remove existing ones) unless you explicitly tell it that you're
-adding a new entry with the `\--add` flag (or removing an entry with the
-`\--remove`) flag.
+adding a new entry with the `--add` flag (or removing an entry with the
+`--remove`) flag.
 
 So to populate the index with the two files you just created, you can do
 
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ So to populate the index with the two files you just created, you can do
 $ git update-index --add hello example
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and you have now told git to track those two files.
+and you have now told Git to track those two files.
 
 In fact, as you did that, if you now look into your object directory,
-you'll notice that git will have added two new objects to the object
+you'll notice that Git will have added two new objects to the object
 database. If you did exactly the steps above, you should now be able to do
 
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ $ git cat-file -t 557db03de997c86a4a028e1ebd3a1ceb225be238
 ----------------
 
 where the `-t` tells 'git cat-file' to tell you what the "type" of the
-object is. git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
+object is. Git will tell you that you have a "blob" object (i.e., just a
 regular file), and you can see the contents with
 
 ----------------
@@ -214,28 +214,28 @@ Anyway, as we mentioned previously, you normally never actually take a
 look at the objects themselves, and typing long 40-character hex
 names is not something you'd normally want to do. The above digression
 was just to show that 'git update-index' did something magical, and
-actually saved away the contents of your files into the git object
+actually saved away the contents of your files into the Git object
 database.
 
 Updating the index did something else too: it created a `.git/index`
 file. This is the index that describes your current working tree, and
 something you should be very aware of. Again, you normally never worry
 about the index file itself, but you should be aware of the fact that
-you have not actually really "checked in" your files into git so far,
-you've only *told* git about them.
+you have not actually really "checked in" your files into Git so far,
+you've only *told* Git about them.
 
-However, since git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
-most basic git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
+However, since Git knows about them, you can now start using some of the
+most basic Git commands to manipulate the files or look at their status.
 
-In particular, let's not even check in the two files into git yet, we'll
+In particular, let's not even check in the two files into Git yet, we'll
 start off by adding another line to `hello` first:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ echo "It's a new day for git" >>hello
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and you can now, since you told git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
-git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
+and you can now, since you told Git about the previous state of `hello`, ask
+Git what has changed in the tree compared to your old index, using the
 'git diff-files' command:
 
 ------------
@@ -282,11 +282,11 @@ index 557db03..263414f 100644
 ------------
 
 
-Committing git state
+Committing Git state
 --------------------
 
-Now, we want to go to the next stage in git, which is to take the files
-that git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
+Now, we want to go to the next stage in Git, which is to take the files
+that Git knows about in the index, and commit them as a real tree. We do
 that in two phases: creating a 'tree' object, and committing that 'tree'
 object as a 'commit' object together with an explanation of what the
 tree was all about, along with information of how we came to that state.
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ There are no options or other input: `git write-tree` will take the
 current index state, and write an object that describes that whole
 index. In other words, we're now tying together all the different
 filenames with their contents (and their permissions), and we're
-creating the equivalent of a git "directory" object:
+creating the equivalent of a Git "directory" object:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git write-tree
@@ -399,10 +399,10 @@ $ git diff HEAD
 which ends up doing the above for you.
 
 In other words, 'git diff-index' normally compares a tree against the
-working tree, but when given the `\--cached` flag, it is told to
+working tree, but when given the `--cached` flag, it is told to
 instead compare against just the index cache contents, and ignore the
 current working tree state entirely. Since we just wrote the index
-file to HEAD, doing `git diff-index \--cached -p HEAD` should thus return
+file to HEAD, doing `git diff-index --cached -p HEAD` should thus return
 an empty set of differences, and that's exactly what it does.
 
 [NOTE]
@@ -411,13 +411,13 @@ an empty set of differences, and that's exactly what it does.
 comparisons, and saying that it compares a tree against the working
 tree is thus not strictly accurate. In particular, the list of
 files to compare (the "meta-data") *always* comes from the index file,
-regardless of whether the `\--cached` flag is used or not. The `\--cached`
+regardless of whether the `--cached` flag is used or not. The `--cached`
 flag really only determines whether the file *contents* to be compared
 come from the working tree or not.
 
-This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that git simply
+This is not hard to understand, as soon as you realize that Git simply
 never knows (or cares) about files that it is not told about
-explicitly. git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
+explicitly. Git will never go *looking* for files to compare, it
 expects you to tell it what the files are, and that's what the index
 is there for.
 ================
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ update the index cache:
 $ git update-index hello
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(note how we didn't need the `\--add` flag this time, since git knew
+(note how we didn't need the `--add` flag this time, since Git knew
 about the file already).
 
 Note what happens to the different 'git diff-{asterisk}' versions here.
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ this point (you can continue to edit things and update the index), you
 can just leave an empty message. Otherwise `git commit` will commit
 the change for you.
 
-You've now made your first real git commit. And if you're interested in
+You've now made your first real Git commit. And if you're interested in
 looking at what `git commit` really does, feel free to investigate:
 it's a few very simple shell scripts to generate the helpful (?) commit
 message headers, and a few one-liners that actually do the
@@ -534,48 +534,15 @@ all, but just show the actual commit message.
 
 In fact, together with the 'git rev-list' program (which generates a
 list of revisions), 'git diff-tree' ends up being a veritable fount of
-changes. A trivial (but very useful) script called 'git whatchanged' is
-included with git which does exactly this, and shows a log of recent
-activities.
-
-To see the whole history of our pitiful little git-tutorial project, you
-can do
-
-----------------
-$ git log
-----------------
-
-which shows just the log messages, or if we want to see the log together
-with the associated patches use the more complex (and much more
-powerful)
-
-----------------
-$ git whatchanged -p
-----------------
-
-and you will see exactly what has changed in the repository over its
-short history.
-
-[NOTE]
-When using the above two commands, the initial commit will be shown.
-If this is a problem because it is huge, you can hide it by setting
-the log.showroot configuration variable to false. Having this, you
-can still show it for each command just adding the `\--root` option,
-which is a flag for 'git diff-tree' accepted by both commands.
-
-With that, you should now be having some inkling of what git does, and
-can explore on your own.
-
-[NOTE]
-Most likely, you are not directly using the core
-git Plumbing commands, but using Porcelain such as 'git add', `git-rm'
-and `git-commit'.
+changes.  You can emulate `git log`, `git log -p`, etc. with a trivial
+script that pipes the output of `git rev-list` to `git diff-tree --stdin`,
+which was exactly how early versions of `git log` were implemented.
 
 
 Tagging a version
 -----------------
 
-In git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
+In Git, there are two kinds of tags, a "light" one, and an "annotated tag".
 
 A "light" tag is technically nothing more than a branch, except we put
 it in the `.git/refs/tags/` subdirectory instead of calling it a `head`.
@@ -598,7 +565,7 @@ obviously be an empty diff, but if you continue to develop and commit
 stuff, you can use your tag as an "anchor-point" to see what has changed
 since you tagged it.
 
-An "annotated tag" is actually a real git object, and contains not only a
+An "annotated tag" is actually a real Git object, and contains not only a
 pointer to the state you want to tag, but also a small tag name and
 message, along with optionally a PGP signature that says that yes,
 you really did
@@ -623,17 +590,17 @@ name for the state at that point.
 Copying repositories
 --------------------
 
-git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
+Git repositories are normally totally self-sufficient and relocatable.
 Unlike CVS, for example, there is no separate notion of
-"repository" and "working tree". A git repository normally *is* the
-working tree, with the local git information hidden in the `.git`
+"repository" and "working tree". A Git repository normally *is* the
+working tree, with the local Git information hidden in the `.git`
 subdirectory. There is nothing else. What you see is what you got.
 
 [NOTE]
-You can tell git to split the git internal information from
+You can tell Git to split the Git internal information from
 the directory that it tracks, but we'll ignore that for now: it's not
 how normal projects work, and it's really only meant for special uses.
-So the mental model of "the git information is always tied directly to
+So the mental model of "the Git information is always tied directly to
 the working tree that it describes" may not be technically 100%
 accurate, but it's a good model for all normal use.
 
@@ -649,13 +616,13 @@ $ rm -rf git-tutorial
 and it will be gone. There's no external repository, and there's no
 history outside the project you created.
 
- - if you want to move or duplicate a git repository, you can do so. There
+ - if you want to move or duplicate a Git repository, you can do so. There
    is 'git clone' command, but if all you want to do is just to
    create a copy of your repository (with all the full history that
    went along with it), you can do so with a regular
    `cp -a git-tutorial new-git-tutorial`.
 +
-Note that when you've moved or copied a git repository, your git index
+Note that when you've moved or copied a Git repository, your Git index
 file (which caches various information, notably some of the "stat"
 information for the files involved) will likely need to be refreshed.
 So after you do a `cp -a` to create a new copy, you'll want to do
@@ -667,7 +634,7 @@ $ git update-index --refresh
 in the new repository to make sure that the index file is up-to-date.
 
 Note that the second point is true even across machines. You can
-duplicate a remote git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
+duplicate a remote Git repository with *any* regular copy mechanism, be it
 'scp', 'rsync' or 'wget'.
 
 When copying a remote repository, you'll want to at a minimum update the
@@ -694,23 +661,23 @@ The above can also be written as simply
 $ git reset
 ----------------
 
-and in fact a lot of the common git command combinations can be scripted
+and in fact a lot of the common Git command combinations can be scripted
 with the `git xyz` interfaces.  You can learn things by just looking
 at what the various git scripts do.  For example, `git reset` used to be
 the above two lines implemented in 'git reset', but some things like
 'git status' and 'git commit' are slightly more complex scripts around
-the basic git commands.
+the basic Git commands.
 
 Many (most?) public remote repositories will not contain any of
 the checked out files or even an index file, and will *only* contain the
-actual core git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
-`.git` subdirectory, but has all the git files directly in the
+actual core Git files. Such a repository usually doesn't even have the
+`.git` subdirectory, but has all the Git files directly in the
 repository.
 
-To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" git repository, you'd
+To create your own local live copy of such a "raw" Git repository, you'd
 first create your own subdirectory for the project, and then copy the
 raw repository contents into the `.git` directory. For example, to
-create your own copy of the git repository, you'd do the following
+create your own copy of the Git repository, you'd do the following
 
 ----------------
 $ mkdir my-git
@@ -725,7 +692,7 @@ $ git read-tree HEAD
 ----------------
 
 to populate the index. However, now you have populated the index, and
-you have all the git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
+you have all the Git internal files, but you will notice that you don't
 actually have any of the working tree files to work on. To get
 those, you'd check them out with
 
@@ -757,13 +724,13 @@ repository, and checked it out.
 Creating a new branch
 ---------------------
 
-Branches in git are really nothing more than pointers into the git
+Branches in Git are really nothing more than pointers into the Git
 object database from within the `.git/refs/` subdirectory, and as we
 already discussed, the `HEAD` branch is nothing but a symlink to one of
 these object pointers.
 
 You can at any time create a new branch by just picking an arbitrary
-point in the project history, and just writing the SHA1 name of that
+point in the project history, and just writing the SHA-1 name of that
 object into a file under `.git/refs/heads/`. You can use any filename you
 want (and indeed, subdirectories), but the convention is that the
 "normal" branch is called `master`. That's just a convention, though,
@@ -849,7 +816,7 @@ $ git commit -m "Some work." -i hello
 Here, we just added another line to `hello`, and we used a shorthand for
 doing both `git update-index hello` and `git commit` by just giving the
 filename directly to `git commit`, with an `-i` flag (it tells
-git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
+Git to 'include' that file in addition to what you have done to
 the index file so far when making the commit).  The `-m` flag is to give the
 commit log message from the command line.
 
@@ -881,7 +848,7 @@ helps you view what's going on:
 $ gitk --all
 ----------------
 
-will show you graphically both of your branches (that's what the `\--all`
+will show you graphically both of your branches (that's what the `--all`
 means: normally it will just show you your current `HEAD`) and their
 histories. You can also see exactly how they came to be from a common
 source.
@@ -900,7 +867,7 @@ where the first argument is going to be used as the commit message if
 the merge can be resolved automatically.
 
 Now, in this case we've intentionally created a situation where the
-merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so git will do as much
+merge will need to be fixed up by hand, though, so Git will do as much
 of it as it can automatically (which in this case is just merge the `example`
 file, which had no differences in the `mybranch` branch), and say:
 
@@ -935,11 +902,11 @@ which will very loudly warn you that you're now committing a merge
 (which is correct, so never mind), and you can write a small merge
 message about your adventures in 'git merge'-land.
 
-After you're done, start up `gitk \--all` to see graphically what the
+After you're done, start up `gitk --all` to see graphically what the
 history looks like. Notice that `mybranch` still exists, and you can
 switch to it, and continue to work with it if you want to. The
 `mybranch` branch will not contain the merge, but next time you merge it
-from the `master` branch, git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
+from the `master` branch, Git will know how you merged it, so you'll not
 have to do _that_ merge again.
 
 Another useful tool, especially if you do not always work in X-Window
@@ -956,13 +923,12 @@ $ git show-branch --topo-order --more=1 master mybranch
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 The first two lines indicate that it is showing the two branches
-and the first line of the commit log message from their
-top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on `master` branch
-(notice the asterisk `{asterisk}` character), and the first column for
-the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the
+with the titles of their top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on
+`master` branch (notice the asterisk `*` character), and the first
+column for the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the
 `master` branch, and the second column for the `mybranch`
-branch. Three commits are shown along with their log messages.
-All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`{asterisk}`
+branch. Three commits are shown along with their titles.
+All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`*`
 shows an ordinary commit on the current branch, `-` is a merge commit), which
 means they are now part of the `master` branch. Only the "Some
 work" commit has the plus `+` character in the second column,
@@ -1002,8 +968,8 @@ would be different)
 ----------------
 Updating from ae3a2da... to a80b4aa....
 Fast-forward (no commit created; -m option ignored)
- example |    1 +
- hello   |    1 +
+ example | 1 +
+ hello   | 1 +
  2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
 ----------------
 
@@ -1013,7 +979,7 @@ not actually do a merge. Instead, it just updated the top of
 the tree of your branch to that of the `master` branch. This is
 often called 'fast-forward' merge.
 
-You can run `gitk \--all` again to see how the commit ancestry
+You can run `gitk --all` again to see how the commit ancestry
 looks like, or run 'show-branch', which tells you this.
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -1029,7 +995,7 @@ Merging external work
 ---------------------
 
 It's usually much more common that you merge with somebody else than
-merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that git
+merging with your own branches, so it's worth pointing out that Git
 makes that very easy too, and in fact, it's not that different from
 doing a 'git merge'. In fact, a remote merge ends up being nothing
 more than "fetch the work from a remote repository into a temporary tag"
@@ -1069,7 +1035,7 @@ and requires you to have a log-in privilege over `ssh` to the
 remote machine.  It finds out the set of objects the other side
 lacks by exchanging the head commits both ends have and
 transfers (close to) minimum set of objects.  It is by far the
-most efficient way to exchange git objects between repositories.
+most efficient way to exchange Git objects between repositories.
 
 Local directory::
 	`/path/to/repo.git/`
@@ -1078,7 +1044,7 @@ This transport is the same as SSH transport but uses 'sh' to run
 both ends on the local machine instead of running other end on
 the remote machine via 'ssh'.
 
-git Native::
+Git Native::
 	`git://remote.machine/path/to/repo.git/`
 +
 This transport was designed for anonymous downloading.  Like SSH
@@ -1100,8 +1066,8 @@ necessary objects.  Because of this behavior, they are
 sometimes also called 'commit walkers'.
 +
 The 'commit walkers' are sometimes also called 'dumb
-transports', because they do not require any git aware smart
-server like git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
+transports', because they do not require any Git aware smart
+server like Git Native transport does.  Any stock HTTP server
 that does not even support directory index would suffice.  But
 you must prepare your repository with 'git update-server-info'
 to help dumb transport downloaders.
@@ -1234,7 +1200,7 @@ file (the first tree goes to stage 1, the second to stage 2,
 etc.).  After reading three trees into three stages, the paths
 that are the same in all three stages are 'collapsed' into stage
 0.  Also paths that are the same in two of three stages are
-collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA1 from either stage 2 or
+collapsed into stage 0, taking the SHA-1 from either stage 2 or
 stage 3, whichever is different from stage 1 (i.e. only one side
 changed from the common ancestor).
 
@@ -1257,7 +1223,7 @@ this 'collapsing' tends to trivially merge most of the paths
 fairly quickly, leaving only a handful of real changes in non-zero
 stages.
 
-To look at only non-zero stages, use `\--unmerged` flag:
+To look at only non-zero stages, use `--unmerged` flag:
 
 ------------
 $ git ls-files --unmerged
@@ -1322,7 +1288,7 @@ update the public repository from it. This is often called
 
 [NOTE]
 This public repository could further be mirrored, and that is
-how git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
+how Git repositories at `kernel.org` are managed.
 
 Publishing the changes from your local (private) repository to
 your remote (public) repository requires a write privilege on
@@ -1341,7 +1307,7 @@ done only once.
 on the remote machine. The communication between the two over
 the network internally uses an SSH connection.
 
-Your private repository's git directory is usually `.git`, but
+Your private repository's Git directory is usually `.git`, but
 your public repository is often named after the project name,
 i.e. `<project>.git`. Let's create such a public repository for
 project `my-git`. After logging into the remote machine, create
@@ -1351,7 +1317,7 @@ an empty directory:
 $ mkdir my-git.git
 ------------
 
-Then, make that directory into a git repository by running
+Then, make that directory into a Git repository by running
 'git init', but this time, since its name is not the usual
 `.git`, we do things slightly differently:
 
@@ -1390,7 +1356,7 @@ This synchronizes your public repository to match the named
 branch head (i.e. `master` in this case) and objects reachable
 from them in your current repository.
 
-As a real example, this is how I update my public git
+As a real example, this is how I update my public Git
 repository. Kernel.org mirror network takes care of the
 propagation to other publicly visible machines:
 
@@ -1403,9 +1369,9 @@ Packing your repository
 -----------------------
 
 Earlier, we saw that one file under `.git/objects/??/` directory
-is stored for each git object you create. This representation
+is stored for each Git object you create. This representation
 is efficient to create atomically and safely, but
-not so convenient to transport over the network. Since git objects are
+not so convenient to transport over the network. Since Git objects are
 immutable once they are created, there is a way to optimize the
 storage by "packing them together". The command
 
@@ -1420,7 +1386,7 @@ packed, and stores the packed file in `.git/objects/pack`
 directory.
 
 [NOTE]
-You will see two files, `pack-{asterisk}.pack` and `pack-{asterisk}.idx`,
+You will see two files, `pack-*.pack` and `pack-*.idx`,
 in `.git/objects/pack` directory. They are closely related to
 each other, and if you ever copy them by hand to a different
 repository for whatever reason, you should make sure you copy
@@ -1473,14 +1439,14 @@ repositories every once in a while.
 Working with Others
 -------------------
 
-Although git is a truly distributed system, it is often
+Although Git is a truly distributed system, it is often
 convenient to organize your project with an informal hierarchy
 of developers. Linux kernel development is run this way. There
 is a nice illustration (page 17, "Merges to Mainline") in
-link:http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation].
+http://www.xenotime.net/linux/mentor/linux-mentoring-2006.pdf[Randy Dunlap's presentation].
 
 It should be stressed that this hierarchy is purely *informal*.
-There is nothing fundamental in git that enforces the "chain of
+There is nothing fundamental in Git that enforces the "chain of
 patch flow" this hierarchy implies. You do not have to pull
 from only one remote repository.
 
@@ -1593,7 +1559,7 @@ Working with Others, Shared Repository Style
 
 If you are coming from CVS background, the style of cooperation
 suggested in the previous section may be new to you. You do not
-have to worry. git supports "shared public repository" style of
+have to worry. Git supports "shared public repository" style of
 cooperation you are probably more familiar with as well.
 
 See linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for the details.
@@ -1603,7 +1569,7 @@ Bundling your work together
 
 It is likely that you will be working on more than one thing at
 a time.  It is easy to manage those more-or-less independent tasks
-using branches with git.
+using branches with Git.
 
 We have already seen how branches work previously,
 with "fun and work" example using two branches.  The idea is the
@@ -1701,7 +1667,7 @@ linkgit:gittutorial[7],
 linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
index 066f825f2e..1c75be0803 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcredentials.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcredentials(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to git
+gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
 Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform
 operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password
 in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes
-the mechanisms git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
+the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
 features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.
 
 REQUESTING CREDENTIALS
 ----------------------
 
-Without any credential helpers defined, git will try the following
+Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following
 strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:
 
 1. If the `GIT_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, the program
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:
    to the program on the command line, and the user's input is read
    from its standard output.
 
-2. Otherwise, if the `core.askpass` configuration variable is set, its
+2. Otherwise, if the `core.askPass` configuration variable is set, its
    value is used as above.
 
 3. Otherwise, if the `SSH_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, its
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ for a password. It is generally configured by adding this to your config:
 	username = me
 ---------------------------------------
 
-Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which git can
+Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can
 request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure
 storage provided by the OS or other programs.
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ store::
 You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for
 `credential-*` in the output of `git help -a`, and consult the
 documentation of individual helpers.  Once you have selected a helper,
-you can tell git to use it by putting its name into the
+you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the
 credential.helper variable.
 
 1. Find a helper.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ credential-foo
 $ git help credential-foo
 -------------------------------------------
 
-3. Tell git to use it.
+3. Tell Git to use it.
 +
 -------------------------------------------
 $ git config --global credential.helper foo
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ $ git config --global credential.helper foo
 
 If there are multiple instances of the `credential.helper` configuration
 variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username,
-password, or nothing. Once git has acquired both a username and a
+password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a
 password, no more helpers will be tried.
 
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context
 is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any
 helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.
 
-For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When git
+For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When Git
 looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will
 consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the
 pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:
@@ -133,18 +133,18 @@ context would not match:
 	username = foo
 --------------------------------------
 
-because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; git
+because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; Git
 compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of
 the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for `http://example.com` would not
-match: git compares the protocols exactly.
+match: Git compares the protocols exactly.
 
 
 CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
 ---------------------
 
 Options for a credential context can be configured either in
-`credential.\*` (which applies to all credentials), or
-`credential.<url>.\*`, where <url> matches the context as described
+`credential.*` (which applies to all credentials), or
+`credential.<url>.*`, where <url> matches the context as described
 above.
 
 The following options are available in either location:
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ username::
 
 useHttpPath::
 
-	By default, git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
+	By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
 	to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential
 	stored for `https://example.com/foo.git` will also be used for
 	`https://example.com/bar.git`. If you do want to distinguish these
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ CUSTOM HELPERS
 --------------
 
 You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in
-which you keep credentials. See the documentation for git's
+which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git's
 link:technical/api-credentials.html[credentials API] for details.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
index aeb0cdc973..b06e852a85 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitcvs-migration.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitcvs-migration(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitcvs-migration - git for CVS users
+gitcvs-migration - Git for CVS users
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ important than any other.  However, you can emulate the CVS model by
 designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
 this document explains how to do that.
 
-Some basic familiarity with git is required. Having gone through
+Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through
 linkgit:gittutorial[7] and
 linkgit:gitglossary[7] should be sufficient.
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ other than `master`.
 Setting Up a Shared Repository
 ------------------------------
 
-We assume you have already created a git repository for your project,
+We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project,
 possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see
 linkgit:gittutorial[7]), or imported from an already existing CVS
 repository (see the next section).
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Next, give every team member read/write access to this repository.  One
 easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
 machine where the repository is hosted.  If you don't want to give them a
 full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
-users to do git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
+users to do Git pushes and pulls; see linkgit:git-shell[1].
 
 Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
 writable by that group:
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Importing a CVS archive
 -----------------------
 
 First, install version 2.1 or higher of cvsps from
-link:http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/[http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/] and make
+http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/[http://www.cobite.com/cvsps/] and make
 sure it is in your path.  Then cd to a checked out CVS working directory
 of the project you are interested in and run linkgit:git-cvsimport[1]:
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ of the project you are interested in and run linkgit:git-cvsimport[1]:
 $ git cvsimport -C <destination> <module>
 -------------------------------------------
 
-This puts a git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
+This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
 <destination>, which will be created if necessary.
 
 The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file.  Reportedly
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ cvsimport can average some twenty revisions per second, so for a
 medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
 Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.
 
-The main trunk is stored in the git branch named `origin`, and additional
-CVS branches are stored in git branches with the same names.  The most
+The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named `origin`, and additional
+CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names.  The most
 recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the `master`
 branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.
 
@@ -157,13 +157,13 @@ points.  You can use these, for example, to send all commits to the shared
 repository to a mailing list.  See linkgit:githooks[5].
 
 You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks.  See
-link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[Controlling access to branches using
+link:howto/update-hook-example.html[Controlling access to branches using
 update hooks].
 
-Providing CVS Access to a git Repository
+Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository
 ----------------------------------------
 
-It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a git repository, so
+It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so
 that developers can still use CVS; see linkgit:git-cvsserver[1] for
 details.
 
@@ -171,8 +171,8 @@ Alternative Development Models
 ------------------------------
 
 CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
-a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with git.
-However, the distributed nature of git allows other development models,
+a common repository.  As we've seen, this is also possible with Git.
+However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models,
 and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
 fit for your project.
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ linkgit:gittutorial[7],
 linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
 linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday Git],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
index 370624c171..c8b3e51c84 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitdiffcore.txt
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ it changes it to:
 For the purpose of breaking a filepair, diffcore-break examines
 the extent of changes between the contents of the files before
 and after modification (i.e. the contents that have "bcd1234..."
-and "0123456..." as their SHA1 content ID, in the above
+and "0123456..." as their SHA-1 content ID, in the above
 example).  The amount of deletion of original contents and
 insertion of new material are added together, and if it exceeds
 the "break score", the filepair is broken into two.  The break
@@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ a similarity score different from the default of 50% by giving a
 number after the "-M" or "-C" option (e.g. "-M8" to tell it to use
 8/10 = 80%).
 
-Note.  When the "-C" option is used with `\--find-copies-harder`
+Note.  When the "-C" option is used with `--find-copies-harder`
 option, 'git diff-{asterisk}' commands feed unmodified filepairs to
 diffcore mechanism as well as modified ones.  This lets the copy
 detector consider unmodified files as copy source candidates at
-the expense of making it slower.  Without `\--find-copies-harder`,
+the expense of making it slower.  Without `--find-copies-harder`,
 'git diff-{asterisk}' commands can detect copies only if the file that was
 copied happened to have been modified in the same changeset.
 
@@ -222,26 +222,35 @@ version prefixed with '+'.
 diffcore-pickaxe: For Detecting Addition/Deletion of Specified String
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-This transformation is used to find filepairs that represent
-changes that touch a specified string, and is controlled by the
--S option and the `\--pickaxe-all` option to the 'git diff-{asterisk}'
-commands.
-
-When diffcore-pickaxe is in use, it checks if there are
-filepairs whose "result" side and whose "origin" side have
-different number of specified string.  Such a filepair represents
-"the string appeared in this changeset".  It also checks for the
-opposite case that loses the specified string.
-
-When `\--pickaxe-all` is not in effect, diffcore-pickaxe leaves
-only such filepairs that touch the specified string in its
-output.  When `\--pickaxe-all` is used, diffcore-pickaxe leaves all
-filepairs intact if there is such a filepair, or makes the
-output empty otherwise.  The latter behaviour is designed to
-make reviewing of the changes in the context of the whole
+This transformation limits the set of filepairs to those that change
+specified strings between the preimage and the postimage in a certain
+way.  -S<block of text> and -G<regular expression> options are used to
+specify different ways these strings are sought.
+
+"-S<block of text>" detects filepairs whose preimage and postimage
+have different number of occurrences of the specified block of text.
+By definition, it will not detect in-file moves.  Also, when a
+changeset moves a file wholesale without affecting the interesting
+string, diffcore-rename kicks in as usual, and `-S` omits the filepair
+(since the number of occurrences of that string didn't change in that
+rename-detected filepair).  When used with `--pickaxe-regex`, treat
+the <block of text> as an extended POSIX regular expression to match,
+instead of a literal string.
+
+"-G<regular expression>" (mnemonic: grep) detects filepairs whose
+textual diff has an added or a deleted line that matches the given
+regular expression.  This means that it will detect in-file (or what
+rename-detection considers the same file) moves, which is noise.  The
+implementation runs diff twice and greps, and this can be quite
+expensive.
+
+When `-S` or `-G` are used without `--pickaxe-all`, only filepairs
+that match their respective criterion are kept in the output.  When
+`--pickaxe-all` is used, if even one filepair matches their respective
+criterion in a changeset, the entire changeset is kept.  This behavior
+is designed to make reviewing changes in the context of the whole
 changeset easier.
 
-
 diffcore-order: For Sorting the Output Based on Filenames
 ---------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -254,7 +263,7 @@ pattern.  Filepairs that match a glob pattern on an earlier line
 in the file are output before ones that match a later line, and
 filepairs that do not match any glob pattern are output last.
 
-As an example, a typical orderfile for the core git probably
+As an example, a typical orderfile for the core Git probably
 would look like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Documentation/everyday.txt b/Documentation/giteveryday.txt
index ae413e52a5..7be6e64846 100644
--- a/Documentation/everyday.txt
+++ b/Documentation/giteveryday.txt
@@ -1,22 +1,37 @@
-Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So
-===================================
+giteveryday(7)
+===============
 
-<<Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are essential for
-anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who works alone.
+NAME
+----
+giteveryday - A useful minimum set of commands for Everyday Git
 
-If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in
-the <<Individual Developer (Participant)>> section as well.
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
 
-People who play the <<Integrator>> role need to learn some more
-commands in addition to the above.
+Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So
 
-<<Repository Administration>> commands are for system
-administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
-of git repositories.
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
 
+Git users can broadly be grouped into four categories for the purposes of
+describing here a small set of useful command for everyday Git.
 
-Individual Developer (Standalone)[[Individual Developer (Standalone)]]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+*	<<STANDALONE,Individual Developer (Standalone)>> commands are essential
+	for anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who works alone.
+
+*	If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in
+	the <<PARTICIPANT,Individual Developer (Participant)>> section as well.
+
+*	People who play the <<INTEGRATOR,Integrator>> role need to learn some
+	more commands in addition to the above.
+
+*	<<ADMINISTRATION,Repository Administration>> commands are for system
+	administrators who are responsible for the care and feeding
+	of Git repositories.
+
+
+Individual Developer (Standalone)[[STANDALONE]]
+-----------------------------------------------
 
 A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with
 other people, and works alone in a single repository, using the
@@ -24,8 +39,6 @@ following commands.
 
   * linkgit:git-init[1] to create a new repository.
 
-  * linkgit:git-show-branch[1] to see where you are.
-
   * linkgit:git-log[1] to see what happened.
 
   * linkgit:git-checkout[1] and linkgit:git-branch[1] to switch
@@ -45,7 +58,7 @@ following commands.
 
   * linkgit:git-rebase[1] to maintain topic branches.
 
-  * linkgit:git-tag[1] to mark known point.
+  * linkgit:git-tag[1] to mark a known point.
 
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
@@ -75,37 +88,34 @@ $ edit/compile/test
 $ git diff HEAD <4>
 $ git commit -a -s <5>
 $ edit/compile/test
-$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <6>
-$ edit/compile/test
-$ git diff ORIG_HEAD <7>
-$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <8>
-$ git checkout master <9>
-$ git merge alsa-audio <10>
-$ git log --since='3 days ago' <11>
-$ git log v2.43.. curses/ <12>
+$ git diff HEAD^ <6>
+$ git commit -a --amend <7>
+$ git checkout master <8>
+$ git merge alsa-audio <9>
+$ git log --since='3 days ago' <10>
+$ git log v2.43.. curses/ <11>
 ------------
 +
 <1> create a new topic branch.
 <2> revert your botched changes in `curses/ux_audio_oss.c`.
-<3> you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and
+<3> you need to tell Git if you added a new file; removal and
 modification will be caught if you do `git commit -a` later.
 <4> to see what changes you are committing.
-<5> commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off.
-<6> take the last commit back, keeping what is in the working tree.
-<7> look at the changes since the premature commit we took back.
-<8> redo the commit undone in the previous step, using the message
-you originally wrote.
-<9> switch to the master branch.
-<10> merge a topic branch into your master branch.
-<11> review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be
-combined and include `\--max-count=10` (show 10 commits),
-`\--until=2005-12-10`, etc.
-<12> view only the changes that touch what's in `curses/`
+<5> commit everything, as you have tested, with your sign-off.
+<6> look at all your changes including the previous commit.
+<7> amend the previous commit, adding all your new changes,
+using your original message.
+<8> switch to the master branch.
+<9> merge a topic branch into your master branch.
+<10> review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be
+combined and include `-10` (to show up to 10 commits),
+`--until=2005-12-10`, etc.
+<11> view only the changes that touch what's in `curses/`
 directory, since `v2.43` tag.
 
 
-Individual Developer (Participant)[[Individual Developer (Participant)]]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Individual Developer (Participant)[[PARTICIPANT]]
+-------------------------------------------------
 
 A developer working as a participant in a group project needs to
 learn how to communicate with others, and uses these commands in
@@ -123,6 +133,13 @@ addition to the ones needed by a standalone developer.
   * linkgit:git-format-patch[1] to prepare e-mail submission, if
     you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow.
 
+  * linkgit:git-send-email[1] to send your e-mail submission without
+    corruption by your MUA.
+
+  * linkgit:git-request-pull[1] to create a summary of changes
+    for your upstream to pull.
+
+
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -131,28 +148,34 @@ Clone the upstream and work on it.  Feed changes to upstream.::
 ------------
 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6
 $ cd my2.6
-$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <1>
-$ git format-patch origin <2>
-$ git pull <3>
-$ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <4>
-$ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <5>
-$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <6>
-$ git gc <7>
-$ git fetch --tags <8>
+$ git checkout -b mine master <1>
+$ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <2>
+$ git format-patch master <3>
+$ git send-email --to="person <email@example.com>" 00*.patch <4>
+$ git checkout master <5>
+$ git pull <6>
+$ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <7>
+$ git ls-remote --heads http://git.kernel.org/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git <8>
+$ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <9>
+$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <10>
+$ git gc <11>
 ------------
 +
-<1> repeat as needed.
-<2> extract patches from your branch for e-mail submission.
-<3> `git pull` fetches from `origin` by default and merges into the
+<1> checkout a new branch `mine` from master.
+<2> repeat as needed.
+<3> extract patches from your branch, relative to master,
+<4> and email them.
+<5> return to `master`, ready to see what's new
+<6> `git pull` fetches from `origin` by default and merges into the
 current branch.
-<4> immediately after pulling, look at the changes done upstream
+<7> immediately after pulling, look at the changes done upstream
 since last time we checked, only in the
 area we are interested in.
-<5> fetch from a specific branch from a specific repository and merge.
-<6> revert the pull.
-<7> garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull.
-<8> from time to time, obtain official tags from the `origin`
-and store them under `.git/refs/tags/`.
+<8> check the branch names in an external repository (if not known).
+<9> fetch from a specific branch `ALL` from a specific repository
+and merge it.
+<10> revert the pull.
+<11> garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull.
 
 
 Push into another repository.::
@@ -166,7 +189,7 @@ remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
 branch.master.remote origin
 branch.master.merge refs/heads/master
 satellite$ git config remote.origin.push \
-           master:refs/remotes/satellite/master <3>
+	   +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/satellite/* <3>
 satellite$ edit/compile/test/commit
 satellite$ git push origin <4>
 
@@ -181,11 +204,12 @@ machine.
 <2> clone sets these configuration variables by default.
 It arranges `git pull` to fetch and store the branches of mothership
 machine to local `remotes/origin/*` remote-tracking branches.
-<3> arrange `git push` to push local `master` branch to
-`remotes/satellite/master` branch of the mothership machine.
-<4> push will stash our work away on `remotes/satellite/master`
-remote-tracking branch on the mothership machine.  You could use this
-as a back-up method.
+<3> arrange `git push` to push all local branches to
+their corresponding branch of the mothership machine.
+<4> push will stash all our work away on `remotes/satellite/*`
+remote-tracking branches on the mothership machine.  You could use this
+as a back-up method. Likewise, you can pretend that mothership
+"fetched" from you (useful when access is one sided).
 <5> on mothership machine, merge the work done on the satellite
 machine into the master branch.
 
@@ -195,17 +219,22 @@ Branch off of a specific tag.::
 $ git checkout -b private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
 $ edit/compile/test; git commit -a
 $ git checkout master
-$ git format-patch -k -m --stdout v2.6.14..private2.6.14 |
-  git am -3 -k <2>
+$ git cherry-pick v2.6.14..private2.6.14 <2>
 ------------
 +
 <1> create a private branch based on a well known (but somewhat behind)
 tag.
 <2> forward port all changes in `private2.6.14` branch to `master` branch
-without a formal "merging".
+without a formal "merging". Or longhand +
+`git format-patch -k -m --stdout v2.6.14..private2.6.14 |
+  git am -3 -k`
 
+An alternate participant submission mechanism is using the
+`git request-pull` or pull-request mechanisms (e.g as used on
+GitHub (www.github.com) to notify your upstream of your
+contribution.
 
-Integrator[[Integrator]]
+Integrator[[INTEGRATOR]]
 ------------------------
 
 A fairly central person acting as the integrator in a group
@@ -213,6 +242,13 @@ project receives changes made by others, reviews and integrates
 them and publishes the result for others to use, using these
 commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.
 
+This section can also be used by those who respond to `git
+request-pull` or pull-request on GitHub (www.github.com) to
+integrate the work of others into their history. An sub-area
+lieutenant for a repository will act both as a participant and
+as an integrator.
+
+
   * linkgit:git-am[1] to apply patches e-mailed in from your
     contributors.
 
@@ -229,19 +265,19 @@ commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
 
-My typical GIT day.::
+A typical integrator's Git day.::
 +
 ------------
 $ git status <1>
-$ git show-branch <2>
+$ git branch --no-merged master <2>
 $ mailx <3>
 & s 2 3 4 5 ./+to-apply
 & s 7 8 ./+hold-linus
 & q
 $ git checkout -b topic/one master
-$ git am -3 -i -s -u ./+to-apply <4>
+$ git am -3 -i -s ./+to-apply <4>
 $ compile/test
-$ git checkout -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s -u ./+hold-linus <5>
+$ git checkout -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s ./+hold-linus <5>
 $ git checkout topic/one && git rebase master <6>
 $ git checkout pu && git reset --hard next <7>
 $ git merge topic/one topic/two && git merge hold/linus <8>
@@ -249,51 +285,51 @@ $ git checkout maint
 $ git cherry-pick master~4 <9>
 $ compile/test
 $ git tag -s -m "GIT 0.99.9x" v0.99.9x <10>
-$ git fetch ko && git show-branch master maint 'tags/ko-*' <11>
-$ git push ko <12>
-$ git push ko v0.99.9x <13>
+$ git fetch ko && for branch in master maint next pu <11>
+    do
+	git show-branch ko/$branch $branch <12>
+    done
+$ git push --follow-tags ko <13>
 ------------
 +
-<1> see what I was in the middle of doing, if any.
-<2> see what topic branches I have and think about how ready
-they are.
+<1> see what you were in the middle of doing, if anything.
+<2> see which branches haven't been merged into `master` yet.
+Likewise for any other integration branches e.g. `maint`, `next`
+and `pu` (potential updates).
 <3> read mails, save ones that are applicable, and save others
-that are not quite ready.
-<4> apply them, interactively, with my sign-offs.
-<5> create topic branch as needed and apply, again with my
-sign-offs.
+that are not quite ready (other mail readers are available).
+<4> apply them, interactively, with your sign-offs.
+<5> create topic branch as needed and apply, again with sign-offs.
 <6> rebase internal topic branch that has not been merged to the
-master, nor exposed as a part of a stable branch.
+master or exposed as a part of a stable branch.
 <7> restart `pu` every time from the next.
 <8> and bundle topic branches still cooking.
 <9> backport a critical fix.
 <10> create a signed tag.
-<11> make sure I did not accidentally rewind master beyond what I
-already pushed out.  `ko` shorthand points at the repository I have
-at kernel.org, and looks like this:
+<11> make sure master was not accidentally rewound beyond that
+already pushed out.  `ko` shorthand points at the Git maintainer's
+repository at kernel.org, and looks like this:
 +
 ------------
-$ cat .git/remotes/ko
-URL: kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git
-Pull: master:refs/tags/ko-master
-Pull: next:refs/tags/ko-next
-Pull: maint:refs/tags/ko-maint
-Push: master
-Push: next
-Push: +pu
-Push: maint
+(in .git/config)
+[remote "ko"]
+	url = kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git
+	fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/ko/*
+	push = refs/heads/master
+	push = refs/heads/next
+	push = +refs/heads/pu
+	push = refs/heads/maint
 ------------
 +
-In the output from `git show-branch`, `master` should have
-everything `ko-master` has, and `next` should have
-everything `ko-next` has.
-
-<12> push out the bleeding edge.
-<13> push the tag out, too.
+<12> In the output from `git show-branch`, `master` should have
+everything `ko/master` has, and `next` should have
+everything `ko/next` has, etc.
+<13> push out the bleeding edge, together with new tags that point
+into the pushed history.
 
 
-Repository Administration[[Repository Administration]]
-------------------------------------------------------
+Repository Administration[[ADMINISTRATION]]
+-------------------------------------------
 
 A repository administrator uses the following tools to set up
 and maintain access to the repository by developers.
@@ -304,9 +340,19 @@ and maintain access to the repository by developers.
   * linkgit:git-shell[1] can be used as a 'restricted login shell'
     for shared central repository users.
 
-link:howto/update-hook-example.txt[update hook howto] has a good
+  * linkgit:git-http-backend[1] provides a server side implementation
+    of Git-over-HTTP ("Smart http") allowing both fetch and push services.
+
+  * linkgit:gitweb[1] provides a web front-end to Git repositories,
+    which can be set-up using the linkgit:git-instaweb[1] script.
+
+link:howto/update-hook-example.html[update hook howto] has a good
 example of managing a shared central repository.
 
+In addition there are a number of other widely deployed hosting, browsing
+and reviewing solutions such as:
+
+  * gitolite, gerrit code review, cgit and others.
 
 Examples
 ~~~~~~~~
@@ -332,25 +378,28 @@ Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from xinetd.::
 ------------
 $ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon
 # default: off
-# description: The git server offers access to git repositories
+# description: The Git server offers access to Git repositories
 service git
 {
-        disable = no
-        type            = UNLISTED
-        port            = 9418
-        socket_type     = stream
-        wait            = no
-        user            = nobody
-        server          = /usr/bin/git-daemon
-        server_args     = --inetd --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm
-        log_on_failure  += USERID
+	disable = no
+	type            = UNLISTED
+	port            = 9418
+	socket_type     = stream
+	wait            = no
+	user            = nobody
+	server          = /usr/bin/git-daemon
+	server_args     = --inetd --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm
+	log_on_failure  += USERID
 }
 ------------
 +
 Check your xinetd(8) documentation and setup, this is from a Fedora system.
 Others might be different.
 
-Give push/pull only access to developers.::
+Give push/pull only access to developers using git-over-ssh.::
+
+e.g. those using:
+`$ git push/pull ssh://host.xz/pub/scm/project`
 +
 ------------
 $ grep git /etc/passwd <1>
@@ -363,8 +412,8 @@ $ grep git /etc/shells <2>
 ------------
 +
 <1> log-in shell is set to /usr/bin/git-shell, which does not
-allow anything but `git push` and `git pull`.  The users should
-get an ssh access to the machine.
+allow anything but `git push` and `git pull`.  The users require
+ssh access to the machine.
 <2> in many distributions /etc/shells needs to list what is used
 as the login shell.
 
@@ -401,13 +450,6 @@ for branch policy control.
 david is the release manager and is the only person who can
 create and push version tags.
 
-HTTP server to support dumb protocol transfer.::
-+
-------------
-dev$ git update-server-info <1>
-dev$ ftp user@isp.example.com <2>
-ftp> cp -r .git /home/user/myproject.git
-------------
-+
-<1> make sure your info/refs and objects/info/packs are up-to-date
-<2> upload to public HTTP server hosted by your ISP.
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
index d77a45aed6..212e254adc 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitglossary.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitglossary(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitglossary - A GIT Glossary
+gitglossary - A Git Glossary
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ SEE ALSO
 linkgit:gittutorial[7],
 linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/githooks.txt b/Documentation/githooks.txt
index 28edefa202..7ba0ac965d 100644
--- a/Documentation/githooks.txt
+++ b/Documentation/githooks.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ githooks(5)
 
 NAME
 ----
-githooks - Hooks used by git
+githooks - Hooks used by Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ pre-commit
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This hook is invoked by 'git commit', and can be bypassed
-with `\--no-verify` option.  It takes no parameter, and is
+with `--no-verify` option.  It takes no parameter, and is
 invoked before obtaining the proposed commit log message and
 making a commit.  Exiting with non-zero status from this script
 causes the 'git commit' to abort.
@@ -99,23 +99,23 @@ given); `template` (if a `-t` option was given or the
 configuration option `commit.template` is set); `merge` (if the
 commit is a merge or a `.git/MERGE_MSG` file exists); `squash`
 (if a `.git/SQUASH_MSG` file exists); or `commit`, followed by
-a commit SHA1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `\--amend` option was given).
+a commit SHA-1 (if a `-c`, `-C` or `--amend` option was given).
 
 If the exit status is non-zero, 'git commit' will abort.
 
 The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place, and
-it is not suppressed by the `\--no-verify` option.  A non-zero exit
+it is not suppressed by the `--no-verify` option.  A non-zero exit
 means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit.  It should not
 be used as replacement for pre-commit hook.
 
-The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with git comments
+The sample `prepare-commit-msg` hook that comes with Git comments
 out the `Conflicts:` part of a merge's commit message.
 
 commit-msg
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This hook is invoked by 'git commit', and can be bypassed
-with `\--no-verify` option.  It takes a single parameter, the
+with `--no-verify` option.  It takes a single parameter, the
 name of the file that holds the proposed commit log message.
 Exiting with non-zero status causes the 'git commit' to
 abort.
@@ -140,9 +140,11 @@ the outcome of 'git commit'.
 pre-rebase
 ~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a branch
-from getting rebased.
-
+This hook is called by 'git rebase' and can be used to prevent a
+branch from getting rebased.  The hook may be called with one or
+two parameters.  The first parameter is the upstream from which
+the series was forked.  The second parameter is the branch being
+rebased, and is not set when rebasing the current branch.
 
 post-checkout
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -173,9 +175,38 @@ if the merge failed due to conflicts.
 
 This hook can be used in conjunction with a corresponding pre-commit hook to
 save and restore any form of metadata associated with the working tree
-(eg: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc).  See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
+(e.g.: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc).  See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
 for an example of how to do this.
 
+pre-push
+~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is called by 'git push' and can be used to prevent a push from taking
+place.  The hook is called with two parameters which provide the name and
+location of the destination remote, if a named remote is not being used both
+values will be the same.
+
+Information about what is to be pushed is provided on the hook's standard
+input with lines of the form:
+
+  <local ref> SP <local sha1> SP <remote ref> SP <remote sha1> LF
+
+For instance, if the command +git push origin master:foreign+ were run the
+hook would receive a line like the following:
+
+  refs/heads/master 67890 refs/heads/foreign 12345
+
+although the full, 40-character SHA-1s would be supplied.  If the foreign ref
+does not yet exist the `<remote SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`.  If a ref is to be
+deleted, the `<local ref>` will be supplied as `(delete)` and the `<local
+SHA-1>` will be 40 `0`.  If the local commit was specified by something other
+than a name which could be expanded (such as `HEAD~`, or a SHA-1) it will be
+supplied as it was originally given.
+
+If this hook exits with a non-zero status, 'git push' will abort without
+pushing anything.  Information about why the push is rejected may be sent
+to the user by writing to standard error.
+
 [[pre-receive]]
 pre-receive
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -220,7 +251,7 @@ three parameters:
 
  - the name of the ref being updated,
  - the old object name stored in the ref,
- - and the new objectname to be stored in the ref.
+ - and the new object name to be stored in the ref.
 
 A zero exit from the update hook allows the ref to be updated.
 Exiting with a non-zero status prevents 'git-receive-pack'
@@ -275,7 +306,7 @@ for the user.
 
 The default 'post-receive' hook is empty, but there is
 a sample script `post-receive-email` provided in the `contrib/hooks`
-directory in git distribution, which implements sending commit
+directory in Git distribution, which implements sending commit
 emails.
 
 [[post-update]]
@@ -303,13 +334,43 @@ them.
 When enabled, the default 'post-update' hook runs
 'git update-server-info' to keep the information used by dumb
 transports (e.g., HTTP) up-to-date.  If you are publishing
-a git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
+a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
 probably enable this hook.
 
 Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
 'git send-pack' on the other end, so you can simply `echo` messages
 for the user.
 
+push-to-checkout
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This hook is invoked by 'git-receive-pack' on the remote repository,
+which happens when a 'git push' is done on a local repository, when
+the push tries to update the branch that is currently checked out
+and the `receive.denyCurrentBranch` configuration variable is set to
+`updateInstead`.  Such a push by default is refused if the working
+tree and the index of the remote repository has any difference from
+the currently checked out commit; when both the working tree and the
+index match the current commit, they are updated to match the newly
+pushed tip of the branch.  This hook is to be used to override the
+default behaviour.
+
+The hook receives the commit with which the tip of the current
+branch is going to be updated.  It can exit with a non-zero status
+to refuse the push (when it does so, it must not modify the index or
+the working tree).  Or it can make any necessary changes to the
+working tree and to the index to bring them to the desired state
+when the tip of the current branch is updated to the new commit, and
+exit with a zero status.
+
+For example, the hook can simply run `git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1"`
+in order to emulate 'git fetch' that is run in the reverse direction
+with `git push`, as the two-tree form of `read-tree -u -m` is
+essentially the same as `git checkout` that switches branches while
+keeping the local changes in the working tree that do not interfere
+with the difference between the branches.
+
+
 pre-auto-gc
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -336,7 +397,7 @@ preceding SP is also omitted.  Currently, no commands pass any
 'extra-info'.
 
 The hook always runs after the automatic note copying (see
-"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config.txt) has happened, and
+"notes.rewrite.<command>" in linkgit:git-config.txt[1]) has happened, and
 thus has access to these notes.
 
 The following command-specific comments apply:
diff --git a/Documentation/gitignore.txt b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
index 2e7328b830..473623d631 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitignore.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitignore.txt
@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-$GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
+$HOME/.config/git/ignore, $GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
 A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
-git should ignore.
-Files already tracked by git are not affected; see the NOTES
+Git should ignore.
+Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES
 below for details.
 
 Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.
-When deciding whether to ignore a path, git normally checks
+When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks
 `gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
 order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
 precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
@@ -38,24 +38,32 @@ precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
  * Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
 
  * Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
-   variable 'core.excludesfile'.
+   variable 'core.excludesFile'.
 
 Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
-be used. Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
-other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
-to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file. Patterns which are
-specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
-with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
-the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
-the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.  Patterns which a user wants git to
-ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
-the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
-`core.excludesfile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`.
-
-The underlying git plumbing tools, such as
+be used.
+
+ * Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
+   other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
+   to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file.
+
+ * Patterns which are
+   specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
+   with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
+   the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
+   the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.
+
+ * Patterns which a user wants Git to
+   ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
+   the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
+   `core.excludesFile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is
+   $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or
+   empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead.
+
+The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as
 'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read
 `gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
-files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level git
+files specified by command-line options.  Higher-level Git
 tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add',
 use patterns from the sources specified above.
 
@@ -66,26 +74,35 @@ PATTERN FORMAT
    for readability.
 
  - A line starting with # serves as a comment.
+   Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first hash for patterns
+   that begin with a hash.
 
- - An optional prefix '!' which negates the pattern; any
+ - Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash
+   ("`\`").
+
+ - An optional prefix "`!`" which negates the pattern; any
    matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
-   included again.  If a negated pattern matches, this will
-   override lower precedence patterns sources.
+   included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent
+   directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn't list excluded
+   directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained
+   files have no effect, no matter where they are defined.
+   Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first "`!`" for patterns
+   that begin with a literal "`!`", for example, "`\!important!.txt`".
 
  - If the pattern ends with a slash, it is removed for the
    purpose of the following description, but it would only find
    a match with a directory.  In other words, `foo/` will match a
    directory `foo` and paths underneath it, but will not match a
    regular file or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent
-   with the way how pathspec works in general in git).
+   with the way how pathspec works in general in Git).
 
- - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', git treats it as
+ - If the pattern does not contain a slash '/', Git treats it as
    a shell glob pattern and checks for a match against the
    pathname relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file
    (relative to the toplevel of the work tree if not from a
    `.gitignore` file).
 
- - Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
+ - Otherwise, Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
    for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
    wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
    For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
@@ -96,14 +113,30 @@ PATTERN FORMAT
    For example, "/{asterisk}.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
    "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
 
+Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
+full pathname may have special meaning:
+
+ - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
+   directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
+   "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
+   matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
+   under directory "`foo`".
+
+ - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
+   "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "`abc`", relative
+   to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
+
+ - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
+   matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
+   matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
+
+ - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
+
 NOTES
 -----
 
 The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
-not tracked by git remain untracked.
-
-To ignore uncommitted changes in a file that is already tracked,
-use 'git update-index {litdd}assume-unchanged'.
+not tracked by Git remain untracked.
 
 To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use
 'git rm --cached'.
@@ -148,13 +181,27 @@ Another example:
     $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
 --------------------------------------------------------------
 
-The second .gitignore prevents git from ignoring
+The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring
 `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
 
+Example to exclude everything except a specific directory `foo/bar`
+(note the `/*` - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude
+everything within `foo/bar`):
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+    $ cat .gitignore
+    # exclude everything except directory foo/bar
+    /*
+    !/foo
+    /foo/*
+    !/foo/bar
+--------------------------------------------------------------
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
-linkgit:git-rm[1], linkgit:git-update-index[1],
-linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5]
+linkgit:git-rm[1],
+linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5],
+linkgit:git-check-ignore[1]
 
 GIT
 ---
diff --git a/Documentation/gitk.txt b/Documentation/gitk.txt
index a17a354936..7ae50aa26a 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitk.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitk.txt
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ gitk(1)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitk - The git repository browser
+gitk - The Git repository browser
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
 [verse]
-'gitk' [<option>...] [<revs>] [--] [<path>...]
+'gitk' [<options>] [<revision range>] [\--] [<path>...]
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
@@ -16,21 +16,38 @@ Displays changes in a repository or a selected set of commits. This includes
 visualizing the commit graph, showing information related to each commit, and
 the files in the trees of each revision.
 
-Historically, gitk was the first repository browser. It's written in tcl/tk
-and started off in a separate repository but was later merged into the main
-git repository.
-
 OPTIONS
 -------
-To control which revisions to show, the command takes options applicable to
-the 'git rev-list' command (see linkgit:git-rev-list[1]).
-This manual page describes only the most
-frequently used options.
 
--n <number>::
---max-count=<number>::
+To control which revisions to show, gitk supports most options
+applicable to the 'git rev-list' command.  It also supports a few
+options applicable to the 'git diff-*' commands to control how the
+changes each commit introduces are shown.  Finally, it supports some
+gitk-specific options.
+
+gitk generally only understands options with arguments in the
+'sticked' form (see linkgit:gitcli[7]) due to limitations in the
+command-line parser.
+
+rev-list options and arguments
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.  See
+linkgit:git-rev-list[1] for a complete list.
+
+--all::
+
+	Show all refs (branches, tags, etc.).
+
+--branches[=<pattern>]::
+--tags[=<pattern>]::
+--remotes[=<pattern>]::
 
-	Limits the number of commits to show.
+	Pretend as if all the branches (tags, remote branches, resp.)
+	are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>'
+	is given, limit refs to ones matching given shell glob. If
+	pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the
+	end is implied.
 
 --since=<date>::
 
@@ -40,9 +57,9 @@ frequently used options.
 
 	Show commits older than a specific date.
 
---all::
+--date-order::
 
-	Show all branches.
+	Sort commits by date when possible.
 
 --merge::
 
@@ -51,19 +68,53 @@ frequently used options.
 	that modify the conflicted files and do not exist on all the heads
 	being merged.
 
---argscmd=<command>::
-	Command to be run each time gitk has to determine the list of
-	<revs> to show.  The command is expected to print on its standard
-	output a list of additional revs to be shown, one per line.
-	Use this instead of explicitly specifying <revs> if the set of
-	commits to show may vary between refreshes.
+--left-right::
 
---select-commit=<ref>::
+	Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable
+	from.  Commits from the left side are prefixed with a `<`
+	symbol and those from the right with a `>` symbol.
 
-	Automatically select the specified commit after loading the graph.
-	Default behavior is equivalent to specifying '--select-commit=HEAD'.
+--full-history::
+
+	When filtering history with '<path>...', does not prune some
+	history.  (See "History simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1]
+	for a more detailed explanation.)
+
+--simplify-merges::
+
+	Additional option to '--full-history' to remove some needless
+	merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
+	commits contributing to this merge.  (See "History
+	simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1] for a more detailed
+	explanation.)
+
+--ancestry-path::
 
-<revs>::
+	When given a range of commits to display
+	(e.g. 'commit1..commit2' or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only
+	display commits that exist directly on the ancestry chain
+	between the 'commit1' and 'commit2', i.e. commits that are
+	both descendants of 'commit1', and ancestors of 'commit2'.
+	(See "History simplification" in linkgit:git-log[1] for a more
+	detailed explanation.)
+
+-L<start>,<end>:<file>::
+-L:<regex>:<file>::
+
+	Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
+	(or the funcname regex <regex>) within the <file>.  You may
+	not give any pathspec limiters.  This is currently limited to
+	a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
+	give zero or one positive revision arguments.
+	You can specify this option more than once.
++
+*Note:* gitk (unlike linkgit:git-log[1]) currently only understands
+this option if you specify it "glued together" with its argument.  Do
+*not* put a space after `-L`.
++
+include::line-range-format.txt[]
+
+<revision range>::
 
 	Limit the revisions to show. This can be either a single revision
 	meaning show from the given revision and back, or it can be a range in
@@ -78,6 +129,23 @@ frequently used options.
 	avoid ambiguity with respect to revision names use "--" to separate the paths
 	from any preceding options.
 
+gitk-specific options
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+--argscmd=<command>::
+
+	Command to be run each time gitk has to determine the revision
+	range to show.  The command is expected to print on its
+	standard output a list of additional revisions to be shown,
+	one per line.  Use this instead of explicitly specifying a
+	'<revision range>' if the set of commits to show may vary
+	between refreshes.
+
+--select-commit=<ref>::
+
+	Select the specified commit after loading the graph.
+	Default behavior is equivalent to specifying '--select-commit=HEAD'.
+
 Examples
 --------
 gitk v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi::
@@ -98,8 +166,21 @@ gitk --max-count=100 --all \-- Makefile::
 
 Files
 -----
-Gitk creates the .gitk file in your $HOME directory to store preferences
-such as display options, font, and colors.
+User configuration and preferences are stored at:
+
+* '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/gitk' if it exists, otherwise
+* '$HOME/.gitk' if it exists
+
+If neither of the above exist then '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/gitk' is created and
+used by default. If '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME' is not set it defaults to
+'$HOME/.config' in all cases.
+
+History
+-------
+Gitk was the first graphical repository browser. It's written in
+tcl/tk and started off in a separate repository but was later merged
+into the main Git repository.
+
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
@@ -108,10 +189,10 @@ SEE ALSO
 
 'gitview(1)'::
 	A repository browser written in Python using Gtk. It's based on
-	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the git repository.
+	'bzrk(1)' and distributed in the contrib area of the Git repository.
 
 'tig(1)'::
-	A minimal repository browser and git tool output highlighter written
+	A minimal repository browser and Git tool output highlighter written
 	in C using Ncurses.
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
index 4040941e55..ac70eca321 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitmodules.txt
@@ -13,36 +13,45 @@ $GIT_WORK_DIR/.gitmodules
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a git
+The `.gitmodules` file, located in the top-level directory of a Git
 working tree, is a text file with a syntax matching the requirements
 of linkgit:git-config[1].
 
 The file contains one subsection per submodule, and the subsection value
-is the name of the submodule. Each submodule section also contains the
+is the name of the submodule. The name is set to the path where the
+submodule has been added unless it was customized with the '--name'
+option of 'git submodule add'. Each submodule section also contains the
 following required keys:
 
 submodule.<name>.path::
-	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the git
+	Defines the path, relative to the top-level directory of the Git
 	working tree, where the submodule is expected to be checked out.
 	The path name must not end with a `/`. All submodule paths must
 	be unique within the .gitmodules file.
 
 submodule.<name>.url::
-	Defines an url from where the submodule repository can be cloned.
+	Defines a URL from which the submodule repository can be cloned.
 	This may be either an absolute URL ready to be passed to
 	linkgit:git-clone[1] or (if it begins with ./ or ../) a location
 	relative to the superproject's origin repository.
 
+In addition, there are a number of optional keys:
+
 submodule.<name>.update::
-	Defines what to do when the submodule is updated by the superproject.
-	If 'checkout' (the default), the new commit specified in the
-	superproject will be checked out in the submodule on a detached HEAD.
-	If 'rebase', the current branch of the submodule will be rebased onto
-	the commit specified in the superproject. If 'merge', the commit
-	specified in the superproject will be merged into the current branch
-	in the submodule.
-	This config option is overridden if 'git submodule update' is given
-	the '--merge' or '--rebase' options.
+	Defines the default update procedure for the named submodule,
+	i.e. how the submodule is updated by "git submodule update"
+	command in the superproject. This is only used by `git
+	submodule init` to initialize the configuration variable of
+	the same name. Allowed values here are 'checkout', 'rebase',
+	'merge' or 'none'. See description of 'update' command in
+	linkgit:git-submodule[1] for their meaning. Note that the
+	'!command' form is intentionally ignored here for security
+	reasons.
+
+submodule.<name>.branch::
+	A remote branch name for tracking updates in the upstream submodule.
+	If the option is not specified, it defaults to 'master'.  See the
+	`--remote` documentation in linkgit:git-submodule[1] for details.
 
 submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 	This option can be used to control recursive fetching of this
@@ -55,7 +64,9 @@ submodule.<name>.fetchRecurseSubmodules::
 submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	Defines under what circumstances "git status" and the diff family show
 	a submodule as modified. When set to "all", it will never be considered
-	modified, "dirty" will ignore all changes to the submodules work tree and
+	modified (but will nonetheless show up in the output of status and
+	commit when it has been staged), "dirty" will ignore all changes
+	to the submodules work tree and
 	takes only differences between the HEAD of the submodule and the commit
 	recorded in the superproject into account. "untracked" will additionally
 	let submodules with modified tracked files in their work tree show up.
@@ -65,7 +76,8 @@ submodule.<name>.ignore::
 	the superproject, the setting there will override the one found in
 	.gitmodules.
 	Both settings can be overridden on the command line by using the
-	"--ignore-submodule" option.
+	"--ignore-submodule" option. The 'git submodule' commands are not
+	affected by this setting.
 
 
 EXAMPLES
@@ -84,7 +96,7 @@ Consider the following .gitmodules file:
 
 This defines two submodules, `libfoo` and `libbar`. These are expected to
 be checked out in the paths 'include/foo' and 'include/bar', and for both
-submodules an url is specified which can be used for cloning the submodules.
+submodules a URL is specified which can be used for cloning the submodules.
 
 SEE ALSO
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
index c6713cf5d7..7685e3651a 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitnamespaces.txt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ prevent duplication between new objects added to the repositories
 without ongoing maintenance, while namespaces do.
 
 To specify a namespace, set the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment variable to
-the namespace.  For each ref namespace, git stores the corresponding
+the namespace.  For each ref namespace, Git stores the corresponding
 refs in a directory under `refs/namespaces/`.  For example,
 `GIT_NAMESPACE=foo` will store refs under `refs/namespaces/foo/`.  You
 can also specify namespaces via the `--namespace` option to
diff --git a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
index 674797cd83..8edf72cf53 100644
--- a/Documentation/git-remote-helpers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitremote-helpers.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-git-remote-helpers(1)
-=====================
+gitremote-helpers(1)
+====================
 
 NAME
 ----
-git-remote-helpers - Helper programs to interact with remote repositories
+gitremote-helpers - Helper programs to interact with remote repositories
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -14,17 +14,17 @@ DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
 Remote helper programs are normally not used directly by end users,
-but they are invoked by git when it needs to interact with remote
-repositories git does not support natively.  A given helper will
-implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When git
+but they are invoked by Git when it needs to interact with remote
+repositories Git does not support natively.  A given helper will
+implement a subset of the capabilities documented here. When Git
 needs to interact with a repository using a remote helper, it spawns
 the helper as an independent process, sends commands to the helper's
 standard input, and expects results from the helper's standard
 output. Because a remote helper runs as an independent process from
-git, there is no need to re-link git to add a new helper, nor any
-need to link the helper with the implementation of git.
+Git, there is no need to re-link Git to add a new helper, nor any
+need to link the helper with the implementation of Git.
 
-Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which git
+Every helper must support the "capabilities" command, which Git
 uses to determine what other commands the helper will accept.  Those
 other commands can be used to discover and update remote refs,
 transport objects between the object database and the remote repository,
@@ -35,6 +35,37 @@ transport protocols, such as 'git-remote-http', 'git-remote-https',
 'git-remote-ftp' and 'git-remote-ftps'. They implement the capabilities
 'fetch', 'option', and 'push'.
 
+INVOCATION
+----------
+
+Remote helper programs are invoked with one or (optionally) two
+arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in Git;
+it is either the name of a configured remote or a URL. The second
+argument specifies a URL; it is usually of the form
+'<transport>://<address>', but any arbitrary string is possible.
+The 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set up for the remote helper
+and can be used to determine where to store additional data or from
+which directory to invoke auxiliary Git commands.
+
+When Git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where
+'<transport>' is a protocol that it cannot handle natively, it
+automatically invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with the full URL as
+the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the
+command line, the first argument is the same as the second, and if it
+is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name
+of that remote.
+
+A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs Git to
+invoke 'git remote-<transport>' with '<address>' as the second
+argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line,
+the first argument is '<address>', and if it is encountered in a
+configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote.
+
+Additionally, when a configured remote has 'remote.<name>.vcs' set to
+'<transport>', Git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with
+'<name>' as the first argument. If set, the second argument is
+'remote.<name>.url'; otherwise, the second argument is omitted.
+
 INPUT FORMAT
 ------------
 
@@ -54,56 +85,20 @@ Capabilities
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Each remote helper is expected to support only a subset of commands.
-The operations a helper supports are declared to git in the response
+The operations a helper supports are declared to Git in the response
 to the `capabilities` command (see COMMANDS, below).
 
-'option'::
-	For specifying settings like `verbosity` (how much output to
-	write to stderr) and `depth` (how much history is wanted in the
-	case of a shallow clone) that affect how other commands are
-	carried out.
-
-'connect'::
-	For fetching and pushing using git's native packfile protocol
-	that requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
-
-'push'::
-	For listing remote refs and pushing specified objects from the
-	local object store to remote refs.
-
-'fetch'::
-	For listing remote refs and fetching the associated history to
-	the local object store.
-
-'import'::
-	For listing remote refs and fetching the associated history as
-	a fast-import stream.
-
-'refspec' <refspec>::
-	This modifies the 'import' capability, allowing the produced
-	fast-import stream to modify refs in a private namespace
-	instead of writing to refs/heads or refs/remotes directly.
-	It is recommended that all importers providing the 'import'
-	capability use this.
-+
-A helper advertising the capability
-`refspec refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/svn/origin/branches/{asterisk}`
-is saying that, when it is asked to `import refs/heads/topic`, the
-stream it outputs will update the `refs/svn/origin/branches/topic`
-ref.
-+
-This capability can be advertised multiple times.  The first
-applicable refspec takes precedence.  The left-hand of refspecs
-advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by
-the list command.  If no 'refspec' capability is advertised,
-there is an implied `refspec {asterisk}:{asterisk}`.
+In the following, we list all defined capabilities and for
+each we list which commands a helper with that capability
+must provide.
 
 Capabilities for Pushing
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 'connect'::
 	Can attempt to connect to 'git receive-pack' (for pushing),
-	'git upload-pack', etc for communication using the
-	packfile protocol.
+	'git upload-pack', etc for communication using
+	git's native packfile protocol. This
+	requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
 +
 Supported commands: 'connect'.
 
@@ -113,16 +108,31 @@ Supported commands: 'connect'.
 +
 Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'push'.
 
-If a helper advertises both 'connect' and 'push', git will use
-'connect' if possible and fall back to 'push' if the helper requests
-so when connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
+'export'::
+	Can discover remote refs and push specified objects from a
+	fast-import stream to remote refs.
++
+Supported commands: 'list for-push', 'export'.
+
+If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and
+fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
+connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
+When choosing between 'push' and 'export', Git prefers 'push'.
+Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
+
+'no-private-update'::
+	When using the 'refspec' capability, git normally updates the
+	private ref on successful push. This update is disabled when
+	the remote-helper declares the capability 'no-private-update'.
+
 
 Capabilities for Fetching
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 'connect'::
 	Can try to connect to 'git upload-pack' (for fetching),
 	'git receive-pack', etc for communication using the
-	packfile protocol.
+	Git's native packfile protocol. This
+	requires a bidirectional, full-duplex connection.
 +
 Supported commands: 'connect'.
 
@@ -138,57 +148,81 @@ Supported commands: 'list', 'fetch'.
 +
 Supported commands: 'list', 'import'.
 
-If a helper advertises 'connect', git will use it if possible and
+'check-connectivity'::
+	Can guarantee that when a clone is requested, the received
+	pack is self contained and is connected.
+
+If a helper advertises 'connect', Git will use it if possible and
 fall back to another capability if the helper requests so when
 connecting (see the 'connect' command under COMMANDS).
-When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', git prefers 'fetch'.
+When choosing between 'fetch' and 'import', Git prefers 'fetch'.
 Other frontends may have some other order of preference.
 
+Miscellaneous capabilities
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+'option'::
+	For specifying settings like `verbosity` (how much output to
+	write to stderr) and `depth` (how much history is wanted in the
+	case of a shallow clone) that affect how other commands are
+	carried out.
+
 'refspec' <refspec>::
-	This modifies the 'import' capability.
+	For remote helpers that implement 'import' or 'export', this capability
+	allows the refs to be constrained to a private namespace, instead of
+	writing to refs/heads or refs/remotes directly.
+	It is recommended that all importers providing the 'import'
+	capability use this. It's mandatory for 'export'.
 +
-A helper advertising
-`refspec refs/heads/{asterisk}:refs/svn/origin/branches/{asterisk}`
-in its capabilities is saying that, when it handles
-`import refs/heads/topic`, the stream it outputs will update the
-`refs/svn/origin/branches/topic` ref.
+A helper advertising the capability
+`refspec refs/heads/*:refs/svn/origin/branches/*`
+is saying that, when it is asked to `import refs/heads/topic`, the
+stream it outputs will update the `refs/svn/origin/branches/topic`
+ref.
 +
 This capability can be advertised multiple times.  The first
 applicable refspec takes precedence.  The left-hand of refspecs
 advertised with this capability must cover all refs reported by
 the list command.  If no 'refspec' capability is advertised,
-there is an implied `refspec {asterisk}:{asterisk}`.
-
-INVOCATION
-----------
-
-Remote helper programs are invoked with one or (optionally) two
-arguments. The first argument specifies a remote repository as in git;
-it is either the name of a configured remote or a URL. The second
-argument specifies a URL; it is usually of the form
-'<transport>://<address>', but any arbitrary string is possible.
-The 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set up for the remote helper
-and can be used to determine where to store additional data or from
-which directory to invoke auxiliary git commands.
+there is an implied `refspec *:*`.
++
+When writing remote-helpers for decentralized version control
+systems, it is advised to keep a local copy of the repository to
+interact with, and to let the private namespace refs point to this
+local repository, while the refs/remotes namespace is used to track
+the remote repository.
 
-When git encounters a URL of the form '<transport>://<address>', where
-'<transport>' is a protocol that it cannot handle natively, it
-automatically invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with the full URL as
-the second argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the
-command line, the first argument is the same as the second, and if it
-is encountered in a configured remote, the first argument is the name
-of that remote.
+'bidi-import'::
+	This modifies the 'import' capability.
+	The fast-import commands 'cat-blob' and 'ls' can be used by remote-helpers
+	to retrieve information about blobs and trees that already exist in
+	fast-import's memory. This requires a channel from fast-import to the
+	remote-helper.
+	If it is advertised in addition to "import", Git establishes a pipe from
+	fast-import to the remote-helper's stdin.
+	It follows that Git and fast-import are both connected to the
+	remote-helper's stdin. Because Git can send multiple commands to
+	the remote-helper it is required that helpers that use 'bidi-import'
+	buffer all 'import' commands of a batch before sending data to fast-import.
+	This is to prevent mixing commands and fast-import responses on the
+	helper's stdin.
+
+'export-marks' <file>::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to dump the
+	internal marks table to <file> when complete. For details,
+	read up on '--export-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1].
+
+'import-marks' <file>::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to load the
+	marks specified in <file> before processing any input. For details,
+	read up on '--import-marks=<file>' in linkgit:git-fast-export[1].
+
+'signed-tags'::
+	This modifies the 'export' capability, instructing Git to pass
+	'--signed-tags=verbatim' to linkgit:git-fast-export[1].  In the
+	absence of this capability, Git will use '--signed-tags=warn-strip'.
 
-A URL of the form '<transport>::<address>' explicitly instructs git to
-invoke 'git remote-<transport>' with '<address>' as the second
-argument. If such a URL is encountered directly on the command line,
-the first argument is '<address>', and if it is encountered in a
-configured remote, the first argument is the name of that remote.
 
-Additionally, when a configured remote has 'remote.<name>.vcs' set to
-'<transport>', git explicitly invokes 'git remote-<transport>' with
-'<name>' as the first argument. If set, the second argument is
-'remote.<name>.url'; otherwise, the second argument is omitted.
 
 COMMANDS
 --------
@@ -198,9 +232,11 @@ Commands are given by the caller on the helper's standard input, one per line.
 'capabilities'::
 	Lists the capabilities of the helper, one per line, ending
 	with a blank line. Each capability may be preceded with '*',
-	which marks them mandatory for git version using the remote
-	helper to understand (unknown mandatory capability is fatal
-	error).
+	which marks them mandatory for Git versions using the remote
+	helper to understand. Any unknown mandatory capability is a
+	fatal error.
++
+Support for this command is mandatory.
 
 'list'::
 	Lists the refs, one per line, in the format "<value> <name>
@@ -210,9 +246,20 @@ Commands are given by the caller on the helper's standard input, one per line.
 	the name; unrecognized attributes are ignored. The list ends
 	with a blank line.
 +
-If 'push' is supported this may be called as 'list for-push'
-to obtain the current refs prior to sending one or more 'push'
-commands to the helper.
+See REF LIST ATTRIBUTES for a list of currently defined attributes.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "fetch" or "import" capability.
+
+'list for-push'::
+	Similar to 'list', except that it is used if and only if
+	the caller wants to the resulting ref list to prepare
+	push commands.
+	A helper supporting both push and fetch can use this
+	to distinguish for which operation the output of 'list'
+	is going to be used, possibly reducing the amount
+	of work that needs to be performed.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "push" or "export" capability.
 
 'option' <name> <value>::
 	Sets the transport helper option <name> to <value>.  Outputs a
@@ -222,6 +269,8 @@ commands to the helper.
 	for it).  Options should be set before other commands,
 	and may influence the behavior of those commands.
 +
+See OPTIONS for a list of currently defined options.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "option" capability.
 
 'fetch' <sha1> <name>::
@@ -230,12 +279,15 @@ Supported if the helper has the "option" capability.
 	per line, terminated with a blank line.
 	Outputs a single blank line when all fetch commands in the
 	same batch are complete. Only objects which were reported
-	in the ref list with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
+	in the output of 'list' with a sha1 may be fetched this way.
 +
 Optionally may output a 'lock <file>' line indicating a file under
 GIT_DIR/objects/pack which is keeping a pack until refs can be
 suitably updated.
 +
+If option 'check-connectivity' is requested, the helper must output
+'connectivity-ok' if the clone is self-contained and connected.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "fetch" capability.
 
 'push' +<src>:<dst>::
@@ -286,8 +338,29 @@ terminated with a blank line. For each batch of 'import', the remote
 helper should produce a fast-import stream terminated by a 'done'
 command.
 +
+Note that if the 'bidi-import' capability is used the complete batch
+sequence has to be buffered before starting to send data to fast-import
+to prevent mixing of commands and fast-import responses on the helper's
+stdin.
++
 Supported if the helper has the "import" capability.
 
+'export'::
+	Instructs the remote helper that any subsequent input is
+	part of a fast-import stream (generated by 'git fast-export')
+	containing objects which should be pushed to the remote.
++
+Especially useful for interoperability with a foreign versioning
+system.
++
+The 'export-marks' and 'import-marks' capabilities, if specified,
+affect this command in so far as they are passed on to 'git
+fast-export', which then will load/store a table of marks for
+local objects. This can be used to implement for incremental
+operations.
++
+Supported if the helper has the "export" capability.
+
 'connect' <service>::
 	Connects to given service. Standard input and standard output
 	of helper are connected to specified service (git prefix is
@@ -313,10 +386,9 @@ capabilities reported by the helper.
 REF LIST ATTRIBUTES
 -------------------
 
-'for-push'::
-	The caller wants to use the ref list to prepare push
-	commands.  A helper might chose to acquire the ref list by
-	opening a different type of connection to the destination.
+The 'list' command produces a list of refs in which each ref
+may be followed by a list of attributes. The following ref list
+attributes are defined.
 
 'unchanged'::
 	This ref is unchanged since the last import or fetch, although
@@ -324,6 +396,10 @@ REF LIST ATTRIBUTES
 
 OPTIONS
 -------
+
+The following options are defined and (under suitable circumstances)
+set by Git if the remote helper has the 'option' capability.
+
 'option verbosity' <n>::
 	Changes the verbosity of messages displayed by the helper.
 	A value of 0 for <n> means that processes operate
@@ -358,12 +434,32 @@ OPTIONS
 	must not rely on this option being set before
 	connect request occurs.
 
+'option check-connectivity' \{'true'|'false'\}::
+	Request the helper to check connectivity of a clone.
+
+'option force' \{'true'|'false'\}::
+	Request the helper to perform a force update.  Defaults to
+	'false'.
+
+'option cloning \{'true'|'false'\}::
+	Notify the helper this is a clone request (i.e. the current
+	repository is guaranteed empty).
+
+'option update-shallow \{'true'|'false'\}::
+	Allow to extend .git/shallow if the new refs require it.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-remote[1]
 
+linkgit:git-remote-ext[1]
+
+linkgit:git-remote-fd[1]
+
 linkgit:git-remote-testgit[1]
 
+linkgit:git-fast-import[1]
+
 GIT
 ---
 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
index 5c891f1169..79653f3134 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrepository-layout.txt
@@ -12,12 +12,24 @@ $GIT_DIR/*
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-You may find these things in your git repository (`.git`
-directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
-`<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is
-also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain
-ASCII file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the
-real git repository).
+A Git repository comes in two different flavours:
+
+ * a `.git` directory at the root of the working tree;
+
+ * a `<project>.git` directory that is a 'bare' repository
+   (i.e. without its own working tree), that is typically used for
+   exchanging histories with others by pushing into it and fetching
+   from it.
+
+*Note*: Also you can have a plain text file `.git` at the root of
+your working tree, containing `gitdir: <path>` to point at the real
+directory that has the repository.  This mechanism is often used for
+a working tree of a submodule checkout, to allow you in the
+containing superproject to `git checkout` a branch that does not
+have the submodule.  The `checkout` has to remove the entire
+submodule working tree, without losing the submodule repository.
+
+These things may exist in a Git repository.
 
 objects::
 	Object store associated with this repository.  Usually
@@ -93,6 +105,12 @@ refs/remotes/`name`::
 	records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
 	from a remote repository.
 
+refs/replace/`<obj-sha1>`::
+	records the SHA-1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`.
+	This is similar to info/grafts and is internally used and
+	maintained by linkgit:git-replace[1]. Such refs can be exchanged
+	between repositories while grafts are not.
+
 packed-refs::
 	records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
 	and friends record in a more efficient way.  See
@@ -102,7 +120,7 @@ HEAD::
 	A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace
 	describing the currently active branch.  It does not mean
 	much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
-	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid git repository
+	(i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid Git repository
 	*must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
 	guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
 	(usually 'master').  It is legal if the named branch
@@ -125,7 +143,7 @@ branches::
 	and not likely to be found in modern repositories.
 
 hooks::
-	Hooks are customization scripts used by various git
+	Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git
 	commands.  A handful of sample hooks are installed when
 	'git init' is run, but all of them are disabled by
 	default.  To enable, the `.sample` suffix has to be
@@ -137,6 +155,10 @@ index::
 	The current index file for the repository.  It is
 	usually not found in a bare repository.
 
+sharedindex.<SHA-1>::
+	The shared index part, to be referenced by $GIT_DIR/index and
+	other temporary index files. Only valid in split index mode.
+
 info::
 	Additional information about the repository is recorded
 	in this directory.
@@ -158,14 +180,22 @@ info/grafts::
 	per line describes a commit and its fake parents by
 	listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated
 	by a space and terminated by a newline.
++
+Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems
+transferring objects between repositories; see linkgit:git-replace[1]
+for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing.
 
 info/exclude::
 	This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
 	exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
 	ignore file.  'git status', 'git add', 'git rm' and
-	'git clean' look at it but the core git commands do not look
+	'git clean' look at it but the core Git commands do not look
 	at it.  See also: linkgit:gitignore[5].
 
+info/sparse-checkout::
+	This file stores sparse checkout patterns.
+	See also: linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
+
 remotes::
 	Stores shorthands for URL and default refnames for use
 	when interacting with remote repositories via 'git fetch',
@@ -189,6 +219,9 @@ shallow::
 	and maintained by shallow clone mechanism.  See `--depth`
 	option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
+modules::
+	Contains the git-repositories of the submodules.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-init[1],
diff --git a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
index fc4789f98e..c0ed6d1925 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitrevisions.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitrevisions(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for git
+gitrevisions - specifying revisions and ranges for Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
index e00a4d2170..30d2119565 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial-2.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gittutorial-2(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to git: part two
+gittutorial-2 - A tutorial introduction to Git: part two
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ DESCRIPTION
 You should work through linkgit:gittutorial[7] before reading this tutorial.
 
 The goal of this tutorial is to introduce two fundamental pieces of
-git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
+Git's architecture--the object database and the index file--and to
 provide the reader with everything necessary to understand the rest
-of the git documentation.
+of the Git documentation.
 
-The git object database
+The Git object database
 -----------------------
 
 Let's start a new project and create a small amount of history:
@@ -42,25 +42,25 @@ $ git commit -a -m "add emphasis"
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-What are the 7 digits of hex that git responded to the commit with?
+What are the 7 digits of hex that Git responded to the commit with?
 
 We saw in part one of the tutorial that commits have names like this.
-It turns out that every object in the git history is stored under
-a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA1 hash of the object's
-contents; among other things, this ensures that git will never store
-the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA1
-name), and that the contents of a git object will never change (since
+It turns out that every object in the Git history is stored under
+a 40-digit hex name.  That name is the SHA-1 hash of the object's
+contents; among other things, this ensures that Git will never store
+the same data twice (since identical data is given an identical SHA-1
+name), and that the contents of a Git object will never change (since
 that would change the object's name as well). The 7 char hex strings
 here are simply the abbreviation of such 40 character long strings.
 Abbreviations can be used everywhere where the 40 character strings
 can be used, so long as they are unambiguous.
 
 It is expected that the content of the commit object you created while
-following the example above generates a different SHA1 hash than
+following the example above generates a different SHA-1 hash than
 the one shown above because the commit object records the time when
 it was created and the name of the person performing the commit.
 
-We can ask git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
+We can ask Git about this particular object with the `cat-file`
 command. Don't copy the 40 hex digits from this example but use those
 from your own version. Note that you can shorten it to only a few
 characters to save yourself typing all 40 hex digits:
@@ -80,14 +80,14 @@ A tree can refer to one or more "blob" objects, each corresponding to
 a file.  In addition, a tree can also refer to other tree objects,
 thus creating a directory hierarchy.  You can examine the contents of
 any tree using ls-tree (remember that a long enough initial portion
-of the SHA1 will also work):
+of the SHA-1 will also work):
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git ls-tree 92b8b694
 100644 blob 3b18e512dba79e4c8300dd08aeb37f8e728b8dad    file.txt
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA1 hash is a
+Thus we see that this tree has one file in it.  The SHA-1 hash is a
 reference to that file's data:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ $ git cat-file blob 3b18e512
 hello world
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-Note that this is the old file data; so the object that git named in
+Note that this is the old file data; so the object that Git named in
 its response to the initial tree was a tree with a snapshot of the
 directory state that was recorded by the first commit.
 
-All of these objects are stored under their SHA1 names inside the git
+All of these objects are stored under their SHA-1 names inside the Git
 directory:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ ref: refs/heads/master
 
 As you can see, this tells us which branch we're currently on, and it
 tells us this by naming a file under the .git directory, which itself
-contains a SHA1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
+contains a SHA-1 name referring to a commit object, which we can
 examine with cat-file:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Besides blobs, trees, and commits, the only remaining type of object
 is a "tag", which we won't discuss here; refer to linkgit:git-tag[1]
 for details.
 
-So now we know how git uses the object database to represent a
+So now we know how Git uses the object database to represent a
 project's history:
 
   * "commit" objects refer to "tree" objects representing the
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ project's history:
 
 Note, by the way, that lots of commands take a tree as an argument.
 But as we can see above, a tree can be referred to in many different
-ways--by the SHA1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
+ways--by the SHA-1 name for that tree, by the name of a commit that
 refers to the tree, by the name of a branch whose head refers to that
 tree, etc.--and most such commands can accept any of these names.
 
@@ -368,17 +368,18 @@ situation:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git status
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#       new file: closing.txt
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#
-#       modified: file.txt
-#
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   closing.txt
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   file.txt
+
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 Since the current state of closing.txt is cached in the index file,
@@ -403,21 +404,21 @@ What next?
 
 At this point you should know everything necessary to read the man
 pages for any of the git commands; one good place to start would be
-with the commands mentioned in link:everyday.html[Everyday git].  You
+with the commands mentioned in linkgit:giteveryday[7].  You
 should be able to find any unknown jargon in linkgit:gitglossary[7].
 
 The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] provides a more
-comprehensive introduction to git.
+comprehensive introduction to Git.
 
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] explains how to
-import a CVS repository into git, and shows how to use git in a
+import a CVS repository into Git, and shows how to use Git in a
 CVS-like way.
 
-For some interesting examples of git use, see the
+For some interesting examples of Git use, see the
 link:howto-index.html[howtos].
 
-For git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
-into detail on the lower-level git mechanisms involved in, for
+For Git developers, linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] goes
+into detail on the lower-level Git mechanisms involved in, for
 example, creating a new commit.
 
 SEE ALSO
@@ -427,7 +428,7 @@ linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
 linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
index dee050567e..b00c67df46 100644
--- a/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gittutorial.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gittutorial(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)
+gittutorial - A tutorial introduction to Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ git *
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
 
-This tutorial explains how to import a new project into git, make
+This tutorial explains how to import a new project into Git, make
 changes to it, and share changes with other developers.
 
-If you are instead primarily interested in using git to fetch a project,
+If you are instead primarily interested in using Git to fetch a project,
 for example, to test the latest version, you may prefer to start with
 the first two chapters of link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual].
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ $ git help log
 With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
 linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
 
-It is a good idea to introduce yourself to git with your name and
+It is a good idea to introduce yourself to Git with your name and
 public email address before doing any operation.  The easiest
 way to do so is:
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Importing a new project
 -----------------------
 
 Assume you have a tarball project.tar.gz with your initial work.  You
-can place it under git revision control as follows.
+can place it under Git revision control as follows.
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ tar xzf project.tar.gz
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
 You've now initialized the working directory--you may notice a new
 directory created, named ".git".
 
-Next, tell git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
+Next, tell Git to take a snapshot of the contents of all files under the
 current directory (note the '.'), with 'git add':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git add .
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which git calls
+This snapshot is now stored in a temporary staging area which Git calls
 the "index".  You can permanently store the contents of the index in the
 repository with 'git commit':
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ $ git commit
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 This will prompt you for a commit message.  You've now stored the first
-version of your project in git.
+version of your project in Git.
 
 Making changes
 --------------
@@ -107,14 +107,15 @@ summary of the situation with 'git status':
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git status
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   file1
-#	modified:   file2
-#	modified:   file3
-#
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   file1
+	modified:   file2
+	modified:   file3
+
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 If you need to make any further adjustments, do so now, and then add any
@@ -139,9 +140,11 @@ them to the index, and commit, all in one step.
 A note on commit messages: Though not required, it's a good idea to
 begin the commit message with a single short (less than 50 character)
 line summarizing the change, followed by a blank line and then a more
-thorough description.  Tools that turn commits into email, for
-example, use the first line on the Subject: line and the rest of the
-commit in the body.
+thorough description. The text up to the first blank line in a commit
+message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used
+throughout Git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
+commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the
+rest of the commit in the body.
 
 Git tracks content not files
 ----------------------------
@@ -178,7 +181,7 @@ $ git log --stat --summary
 Managing branches
 -----------------
 
-A single git repository can maintain multiple branches of
+A single Git repository can maintain multiple branches of
 development.  To create a new branch named "experimental", use
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -274,10 +277,10 @@ $ git branch -D crazy-idea
 Branches are cheap and easy, so this is a good way to try something
 out.
 
-Using git for collaboration
+Using Git for collaboration
 ---------------------------
 
-Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a git repository in
+Suppose that Alice has started a new project with a Git repository in
 /home/alice/project, and that Bob, who has a home directory on the
 same machine, wants to contribute.
 
@@ -318,7 +321,7 @@ Note that in general, Alice would want her local changes committed before
 initiating this "pull".  If Bob's work conflicts with what Alice did since
 their histories forked, Alice will use her working tree and the index to
 resolve conflicts, and existing local changes will interfere with the
-conflict resolution process (git will still perform the fetch but will
+conflict resolution process (Git will still perform the fetch but will
 refuse to merge --- Alice will have to get rid of her local changes in
 some way and pull again when this happens).
 
@@ -420,7 +423,7 @@ bob$ git pull
 -------------------------------------
 
 Note that he doesn't need to give the path to Alice's repository;
-when Bob cloned Alice's repository, git stored the location of her
+when Bob cloned Alice's repository, Git stored the location of her
 repository in the repository configuration, and that location is
 used for pulls:
 
@@ -448,7 +451,7 @@ perform clones and pulls using the ssh protocol:
 bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
 -------------------------------------
 
-Alternatively, git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http;
+Alternatively, Git has a native protocol, or can use rsync or http;
 see linkgit:git-pull[1] for details.
 
 Git can also be used in a CVS-like mode, with a central repository
@@ -516,7 +519,7 @@ share this name with other people (for example, to identify a release
 version), you should create a "tag" object, and perhaps sign it; see
 linkgit:git-tag[1] for details.
 
-Any git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
+Any Git command that needs to know a commit can take any of these
 names.  For example:
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -552,9 +555,9 @@ files it manages in your current directory.  So
 $ git grep "hello"
 -------------------------------------
 
-is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by git.
+is a quick way to search just the files that are tracked by Git.
 
-Many git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
+Many Git commands also take sets of commits, which can be specified
 in a number of ways.  Here are some examples with 'git log':
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -590,7 +593,7 @@ then merged back together, the order in which 'git log' presents
 those commits is meaningless.
 
 Most projects with multiple contributors (such as the Linux kernel,
-or git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
+or Git itself) have frequent merges, and 'gitk' does a better job of
 visualizing their history.  For example,
 
 -------------------------------------
@@ -621,7 +624,7 @@ Next Steps
 
 This tutorial should be enough to perform basic distributed revision
 control for your projects.  However, to fully understand the depth
-and power of git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
+and power of Git you need to understand two simple ideas on which it
 is based:
 
   * The object database is the rather elegant system used to
@@ -634,7 +637,7 @@ is based:
 
 Part two of this tutorial explains the object
 database, the index file, and a few other odds and ends that you'll
-need to make the most of git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
+need to make the most of Git. You can find it at linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
 
 If you don't want to continue with that right away, a few other
 digressions that may be interesting at this point are:
@@ -654,7 +657,7 @@ digressions that may be interesting at this point are:
   * linkgit:gitworkflows[7]: Gives an overview of recommended
     workflows.
 
-  * link:everyday.html[Everyday GIT with 20 Commands Or So]
+  * linkgit:giteveryday[7]: Everyday Git with 20 Commands Or So.
 
   * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git for CVS users.
 
@@ -666,7 +669,7 @@ linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
 linkgit:git-help[1],
 linkgit:gitworkflows[7],
-link:everyday.html[Everyday git],
+linkgit:giteveryday[7],
 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
 
 GIT
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
index 7aba497b74..a096e7ddf7 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.conf.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitweb.conf(5)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitweb.conf - Gitweb (git web interface) configuration file
+gitweb.conf - Gitweb (Git web interface) configuration file
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ stops declaring it.
 You can include other configuration file using read_config_file()
 subroutine.  For example, one might want to put gitweb configuration
 related to access control for viewing repositories via Gitolite (one
-of git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in
+of Git repository management tools) in a separate file, e.g. in
 '/etc/gitweb-gitolite.conf'.  To include it, put
 
 --------------------------------------------------
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ and installing gitweb.
 Location of repositories
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 The configuration variables described below control how gitweb finds
-git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
+Git repositories, and how repositories are displayed and accessed.
 
 See also "Repositories" and later subsections in linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
 
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ will fall back to scanning the `$projectroot` directory for repositories.
 
 $project_maxdepth::
 	If `$projects_list` variable is unset, gitweb will recursively
-	scan filesystem for git repositories.  The `$project_maxdepth`
+	scan filesystem for Git repositories.  The `$project_maxdepth`
 	is used to limit traversing depth, relative to `$projectroot`
 	(starting point); it means that directories which are further
 	from `$projectroot` than `$project_maxdepth` will be skipped.
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ our $export_ok = "git-daemon-export-ok";
 +
 If not set (default), it means that this feature is disabled.
 +
-See also more involved example in "Controlling access to git repositories"
+See also more involved example in "Controlling access to Git repositories"
 subsection on linkgit:gitweb[1] manpage.
 
 $strict_export::
@@ -222,18 +222,18 @@ The values of these variables are paths on the filesystem.
 
 $GIT::
 	Core git executable to use.  By default set to `$GIT_BINDIR/git`, which
-	in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`.  If you use git installed
+	in turn is by default set to `$(bindir)/git`.  If you use Git installed
 	from a binary package, you should usually set this to "/usr/bin/git".
 	This can just be "git" if your web server has a sensible PATH; from
 	security point of view it is better to use absolute path to git binary.
-	If you have multiple git versions installed it can be used to choose
+	If you have multiple Git versions installed it can be used to choose
 	which one to use.  Must be (correctly) set for gitweb to be able to
 	work.
 
 $mimetypes_file::
 	File to use for (filename extension based) guessing of MIME types before
 	trying '/etc/mime.types'.  *NOTE* that this path, if relative, is taken
-	as relative to the current git repository, not to CGI script.  If unset,
+	as relative to the current Git repository, not to CGI script.  If unset,
 	only '/etc/mime.types' is used (if present on filesystem).  If no mimetypes
 	file is found, mimetype guessing based on extension of file is disabled.
 	Unset by default.
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ $highlight_bin::
 	By default set to 'highlight'; set it to full path to highlight
 	executable if it is not installed on your web server's PATH.
 	Note that 'highlight' feature must be set for gitweb to actually
-	use syntax hightlighting.
+	use syntax highlighting.
 +
 *NOTE*: if you want to add support for new file type (supported by
 "highlight" but not used by gitweb), you need to modify `%highlight_ext`
@@ -336,15 +336,33 @@ $home_link_str::
 	used as the first component of gitweb's "breadcrumb trail":
 	`<home link> / <project> / <action>`.  Can be set at build time using
 	the `GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR` variable.  By default it is set to "projects",
-	as this link leads to the list of projects.  Other popular choice it to
-	set it to the name of site.
+	as this link leads to the list of projects.  Another popular choice is to
+	set it to the name of site.  Note that it is treated as raw HTML so it
+	should not be set from untrusted sources.
+
+@extra_breadcrumbs::
+	Additional links to be added to the start of the breadcrumb trail before
+	the home link, to pages that are logically "above" the gitweb projects
+	list, such as the organization and department which host the gitweb
+	server. Each element of the list is a reference to an array, in which
+	element 0 is the link text (equivalent to `$home_link_str`) and element
+	1 is the target URL (equivalent to `$home_link`).
++
+For example, the following setting produces a breadcrumb trail like
+"home / dev / projects / ..." where "projects" is the home link.
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    our @extra_breadcrumbs = (
+      [ 'home' => 'https://www.example.org/' ],
+      [ 'dev'  => 'https://dev.example.org/' ],
+    );
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 $logo_url::
 $logo_label::
 	URI and label (title) for the Git logo link (or your site logo,
 	if you chose to use different logo image). By default, these both
-	refer to git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed
-	to git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[].
+	refer to Git homepage, http://git-scm.com[]; in the past, they pointed
+	to Git documentation at http://www.kernel.org[].
 
 
 Changing gitweb's look
@@ -436,7 +454,7 @@ $fallback_encoding::
 	detection.
 +
 *Note* that rename and especially copy detection can be quite
-CPU-intensive.  Note also that non git tools can have problems with
+CPU-intensive.  Note also that non Git tools can have problems with
 patches generated with options mentioned above, especially when they
 involve file copies (\'-C') or criss-cross renames (\'-B').
 
@@ -451,7 +469,7 @@ looks does contain variables configuring administrative side of gitweb
 affects how "summary" pages look like, or load limiting).
 
 @git_base_url_list::
-	List of git base URLs.  These URLs are used to generate URLs
+	List of Git base URLs.  These URLs are used to generate URLs
 	describing from where to fetch a project, which are shown on
 	project summary page.  The full fetch URL is "`$git_base_url/$project`",
 	for each element of this list. You can set up multiple base URLs
@@ -464,7 +482,7 @@ project config.  Per-repository configuration takes precedence over value
 composed from `@git_base_url_list` elements and project name.
 +
 You can setup one single value (single entry/item in this list) at build
-time by setting the `GITWEB_BASE_URL` built-time configuration variable.
+time by setting the `GITWEB_BASE_URL` build-time configuration variable.
 By default it is set to (), i.e. an empty list.  This means that gitweb
 would not try to create project URL (to fetch) from project name.
 
@@ -499,6 +517,13 @@ $maxload::
 Set `$maxload` to undefined value (`undef`) to turn this feature off.
 The default value is 300.
 
+$omit_age_column::
+	If true, omit the column with date of the most current commit on the
+	projects list page. It can save a bit of I/O and a fork per repository.
+
+$omit_owner::
+	If true prevents displaying information about repository owner.
+
 $per_request_config::
 	If this is set to code reference, it will be run once for each request.
 	You can	set parts of configuration that change per session this way.
@@ -605,13 +630,13 @@ need to set this element to empty list i.e. `[]`.
 
 override::
 	If this field has a true value then the given feature is
-	overriddable, which means that it can be configured
+	overridable, which means that it can be configured
 	(or enabled/disabled) on a per-repository basis.
 +
 Usually given "<feature>" is configurable via the `gitweb.<feature>`
-config variable in the per-repository git configuration file.
+config variable in the per-repository Git configuration file.
 +
-*Note* that no feature is overriddable by default.
+*Note* that no feature is overridable by default.
 
 sub::
 	Internal detail of implementation.  What is important is that
@@ -681,7 +706,7 @@ show-sizes::
 	I/O.  Enabled by default.
 +
 This feature can be configured on a per-repository basis via
-repository's `gitweb.showsizes` configuration variable (boolean).
+repository's `gitweb.showSizes` configuration variable (boolean).
 
 patches::
 	Enable and configure "patches" view, which displays list of commits in email
@@ -749,14 +774,14 @@ Project specific override is not supported.
 forks::
 	If this feature is enabled, gitweb considers projects in
 	subdirectories of project root (basename) to be forks of existing
-	projects.  For each project `$projname.git`, projects in the
-	`$projname/` directory and its subdirectories will not be
-	shown in the main projects list.  Instead, a \'+' mark is shown
-	next to `$projname`, which links to a "forks" view that lists all
-	the forks (all projects in `$projname/` subdirectory).  Additionally
+	projects.  For each project +$projname.git+, projects in the
+	+$projname/+ directory and its subdirectories will not be
+	shown in the main projects list.  Instead, a \'\+' mark is shown
+	next to +$projname+, which links to a "forks" view that lists all
+	the forks (all projects in +$projname/+ subdirectory).  Additionally
 	a "forks" view for a project is linked from project summary page.
 +
-If the project list is taken from a file (`$projects_list` points to a
+If the project list is taken from a file (+$projects_list+ points to a
 file), forks are only recognized if they are listed after the main project
 in that file.
 +
@@ -775,7 +800,7 @@ filesystem (i.e. "$projectroot/$project"), `%h` to the current hash
 (\'hb' gitweb parameter); `%%` expands to \'%'.
 +
 For example, at the time this page was written, the http://repo.or.cz[]
-git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log
+Git hosting site set it to the following to enable graphical log
 (using the third party tool *git-browser*):
 +
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -789,26 +814,26 @@ This adds a link titled "graphiclog" after the "summary" link, leading to
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
 timed::
-	Enable displaying how much time and how many git commands it took to
+	Enable displaying how much time and how many Git commands it took to
 	generate and display each page in the page footer (at the bottom of
 	page).  For example the footer might contain: "This page took 6.53325
-	seconds and 13 git commands to generate."  Disabled by default.
+	seconds and 13 Git commands to generate."  Disabled by default.
 +
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
 javascript-timezone::
-	Enable and configure the ability to change a common timezone for dates
+	Enable and configure the ability to change a common time zone for dates
 	in gitweb output via JavaScript.  Dates in gitweb output include
 	authordate and committerdate in "commit", "commitdiff" and "log"
 	views, and taggerdate in "tag" view.  Enabled by default.
 +
-The value is a list of three values: a default timezone (for if the client
-hasn't selected some other timezone and saved it in a cookie), a name of cookie
-where to store selected timezone, and a CSS class used to mark up
+The value is a list of three values: a default time zone (for if the client
+hasn't selected some other time zone and saved it in a cookie), a name of cookie
+where to store selected time zone, and a CSS class used to mark up
 dates for manipulation.  If you want to turn this feature off, set "default"
 to empty list: `[]`.
 +
-Typical gitweb config files will only change starting (default) timezone,
+Typical gitweb config files will only change starting (default) time zone,
 and leave other elements at their default values:
 +
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -818,12 +843,49 @@ $feature{'javascript-timezone'}{'default'}[0] = "utc";
 The example configuration presented here is guaranteed to be backwards
 and forward compatible.
 +
-Timezone values can be "local" (for local timezone that browser uses), "utc"
+Time zone values can be "local" (for local time zone that browser uses), "utc"
 (what gitweb uses when JavaScript or this feature is disabled), or numerical
-timezones in the form of "+/-HHMM", such as "+0200".
+time zones in the form of "+/-HHMM", such as "+0200".
 +
 Project specific override is not supported.
 
+extra-branch-refs::
+	List of additional directories under "refs" which are going to
+	be used as branch refs. For example if you have a gerrit setup
+	where all branches under refs/heads/ are official,
+	push-after-review ones and branches under refs/sandbox/,
+	refs/wip and refs/other are user ones where permissions are
+	much wider, then you might want to set this variable as
+	follows:
++
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+$feature{'extra-branch-refs'}{'default'} =
+	['sandbox', 'wip', 'other'];
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+This feature can be configured on per-repository basis after setting
+$feature{'extra-branch-refs'}{'override'} to true, via repository's
+`gitweb.extraBranchRefs` configuration variable, which contains a
+space separated list of refs. An example:
++
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[gitweb]
+	extraBranchRefs = sandbox wip other
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+The gitweb.extraBranchRefs is actually a multi-valued configuration
+variable, so following example is also correct and the result is the
+same as of the snippet above:
++
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[gitweb]
+	extraBranchRefs = sandbox
+	extraBranchRefs = wip other
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
++
+It is an error to specify a ref that does not pass "git check-ref-format"
+scrutiny. Duplicated values are filtered.
+
 
 EXAMPLES
 --------
@@ -842,7 +904,7 @@ the following in your GITWEB_CONFIG file:
 	$feature{'snapshot'}{'override'} = 1;
 
 If you allow overriding for the snapshot feature, you can specify which
-snapshot formats are globally disabled. You can also add any command line
+snapshot formats are globally disabled. You can also add any command-line
 options you want (such as setting the compression level). For instance, you
 can disable Zip compressed snapshots and set *gzip*(1) to run at level 6 by
 adding the following lines to your gitweb configuration file:
@@ -850,6 +912,13 @@ adding the following lines to your gitweb configuration file:
 	$known_snapshot_formats{'zip'}{'disabled'} = 1;
 	$known_snapshot_formats{'tgz'}{'compressor'} = ['gzip','-6'];
 
+BUGS
+----
+Debugging would be easier if the fallback configuration file
+(`/etc/gitweb.conf`) and environment variable to override its location
+('GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM') had names reflecting their "fallback" role.
+The current names are kept to avoid breaking working setups.
+
 ENVIRONMENT
 -----------
 The location of per-instance and system-wide configuration files can be
diff --git a/Documentation/gitweb.txt b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
index 605a085326..cd9c8951b2 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitweb.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitweb.txt
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ gitweb - Git web interface (web frontend to Git repositories)
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
-To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a git repository.
+To get started with gitweb, run linkgit:git-instaweb[1] from a Git repository.
 This would configure and start your web server, and run web browser pointing to
 gitweb.
 
 
 DESCRIPTION
 -----------
-Gitweb provides a web interface to git repositories.  It's features include:
+Gitweb provides a web interface to Git repositories.  Its features include:
 
 * Viewing multiple Git repositories with common root.
 * Browsing every revision of the repository.
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ our $projectroot = '/path/to/parent/directory';
 The default value for `$projectroot` is '/pub/git'.  You can change it during
 building gitweb via `GITWEB_PROJECTROOT` build configuration variable.
 
-By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
+By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and available
 to gitweb.  The list of projects is generated by default by scanning the
-`$projectroot` directory for git repositories (for object databases to be
+`$projectroot` directory for Git repositories (for object databases to be
 more exact; gitweb is not interested in a working area, and is best suited
 to showing "bare" repositories).
 
-The name of repository in gitweb is path to it's `$GIT_DIR` (it's object
+The name of the repository in gitweb is the path to its `$GIT_DIR` (its object
 database) relative to `$projectroot`.  Therefore the repository $repo can be
 found at "$projectroot/$repo".
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ separator (rules for Perl's "`split(" ", $line)`").
 
 * Fields use modified URI encoding, defined in RFC 3986, section 2.1
 (Percent-Encoding), or rather "Query string encoding" (see
-link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encoding[]), the difference
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string#URL_encoding[]), the difference
 being that SP (" ") can be encoded as "{plus}" (and therefore "{plus}" has to be
 also percent-encoded).
 +
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ foo/bar.git   O+W+Ner+<owner@example.org>
 
 
 By default this file controls only which projects are *visible* on projects
-list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized git
+list page (note that entries that do not point to correctly recognized Git
 repositories won't be displayed by gitweb).  Even if a project is not
 visible on projects list page, you can view it nevertheless by hand-crafting
 a gitweb URL.  By setting `$strict_export` configuration variable (see
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ as projects list file, which means that you can set `$projects_list` to its
 filename.
 
 
-Controlling access to git repositories
+Controlling access to Git repositories
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-By default all git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
+By default all Git repositories under `$projectroot` are visible and
 available to gitweb.  You can however configure how gitweb controls access
 to repositories.
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ $export_auth_hook = sub {
 Per-repository gitweb configuration
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 You can configure individual repositories shown in gitweb by creating file
-in the 'GIT_DIR' of git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
+in the 'GIT_DIR' of Git repository, or by setting some repo configuration
 variable (in 'GIT_DIR/config', see linkgit:git-config[1]).
 
 You can use the following files in repository:
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ repositories, you can configure Apache like this:
 
 The above configuration expects your public repositories to live under
 '/pub/git' and will serve them as `http://git.domain.org/dir-under-pub-git`,
-both as cloneable GIT URL and as browseable gitweb interface.  If you then
+both as clonable Git URL and as browseable gitweb interface.  If you then
 start your linkgit:git-daemon[1] with `--base-path=/pub/git --export-all`
 then you can even use the `git://` URL with exactly the same path.
 
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ $projectroot = $ENV{'GITWEB_PROJECTROOT'} || "/pub/git";
 referenced by `$per_request_config`;
 
 These configurations enable two things. First, each unix user (`<user>`) of
-the server will be able to browse through gitweb git repositories found in
+the server will be able to browse through gitweb Git repositories found in
 '~/public_git/' with the following url:
 
   http://git.example.org/~<user>/
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ The additional AliasMatch makes it so that
 
   http://git.example.com/project.git
 
-will give raw access to the project's git dir (so that the project can be
+will give raw access to the project's Git dir (so that the project can be
 cloned), while
 
   http://git.example.com/project
diff --git a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
index 5e4f362ff8..f16c414ea7 100644
--- a/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
+++ b/Documentation/gitworkflows.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ gitworkflows(7)
 
 NAME
 ----
-gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with git
+gitworkflows - An overview of recommended workflows with Git
 
 SYNOPSIS
 --------
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ To achieve this, try to split your work into small steps from the very
 beginning. It is always easier to squash a few commits together than
 to split one big commit into several.  Don't be afraid of making too
 small or imperfect steps along the way. You can always go back later
-and edit the commits with `git rebase \--interactive` before you
-publish them.  You can use `git stash save \--keep-index` to run the
+and edit the commits with `git rebase --interactive` before you
+publish them.  You can use `git stash save --keep-index` to run the
 test suite independent of other uncommitted changes; see the EXAMPLES
 section of linkgit:git-stash[1].
 
@@ -242,10 +242,10 @@ tag to the tip of 'master' indicating the release version:
 .Release tagging
 [caption="Recipe: "]
 =====================================
-`git tag -s -m "GIT X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
+`git tag -s -m "Git X.Y.Z" vX.Y.Z master`
 =====================================
 
-You need to push the new tag to a public git server (see
+You need to push the new tag to a public Git server (see
 "DISTRIBUTED WORKFLOWS" below). This makes the tag available to
 others tracking your project. The push could also trigger a
 post-update hook to perform release-related items such as building
diff --git a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
index 3595b586bc..bf383c2e8c 100644
--- a/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
+++ b/Documentation/glossary-content.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 [[def_alternate_object_database]]alternate object database::
 	Via the alternates mechanism, a <<def_repository,repository>>
 	can inherit part of its <<def_object_database,object database>>
-	from another object database, which is called "alternate".
+	from another object database, which is called an "alternate".
 
 [[def_bare_repository]]bare repository::
 	A bare repository is normally an appropriately
 	named <<def_directory,directory>> with a `.git` suffix that does not
 	have a locally checked-out copy of any of the files under
-	revision control. That is, all of the `git`
+	revision control. That is, all of the Git
 	administrative and control files that would normally be present in the
 	hidden `.git` sub-directory are directly present in the
 	`repository.git` directory instead,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 	<<def_commit,commit>> on a branch is referred to as the tip of
 	that branch.  The tip of the branch is referenced by a branch
 	<<def_head,head>>, which moves forward as additional development
-	is done on the branch.  A single git
+	is done on the branch.  A single Git
 	<<def_repository,repository>> can track an arbitrary number of
 	branches, but your <<def_working_tree,working tree>> is
 	associated with just one of them (the "current" or "checked out"
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 	<<def_commit,commit>> could be one of its <<def_parent,parents>>).
 
 [[def_changeset]]changeset::
-	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since git does not
+	BitKeeper/cvsps speak for "<<def_commit,commit>>". Since Git does not
 	store changes, but states, it really does not make sense to use the term
-	"changesets" with git.
+	"changesets" with Git.
 
 [[def_checkout]]checkout::
 	The action of updating all or part of the
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 [[def_cherry-picking]]cherry-picking::
 	In <<def_SCM,SCM>> jargon, "cherry pick" means to choose a subset of
 	changes out of a series of changes (typically commits) and record them
-	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In GIT, this is
+	as a new series of changes on top of a different codebase. In Git, this is
 	performed by the "git cherry-pick" command to extract the change introduced
 	by an existing <<def_commit,commit>> and to record it based on the tip
 	of the current <<def_branch,branch>> as a new commit.
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@
 
 [[def_commit]]commit::
 	As a noun: A single point in the
-	git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
+	Git history; the entire history of a project is represented as a
 	set of interrelated commits.  The word "commit" is often
-	used by git in the same places other revision control systems
+	used by Git in the same places other revision control systems
 	use the words "revision" or "version".  Also used as a short
 	hand for <<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
 +
 As a verb: The action of storing a new snapshot of the project's
-state in the git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
+state in the Git history, by creating a new commit representing the current
 state of the <<def_index,index>> and advancing <<def_HEAD,HEAD>>
 to point at the new commit.
 
@@ -82,8 +82,20 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	to the top <<def_directory,directory>> of the stored
 	revision.
 
-[[def_core_git]]core git::
-	Fundamental data structures and utilities of git. Exposes only limited
+[[def_commit-ish]]commit-ish (also committish)::
+	A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> or an
+	<<def_object,object>> that can be recursively dereferenced to
+	a commit object.
+	The following are all commit-ishes:
+	a commit object,
+	a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a commit
+	object,
+	a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a
+	commit object,
+	etc.
+
+[[def_core_git]]core Git::
+	Fundamental data structures and utilities of Git. Exposes only limited
 	source code management tools.
 
 [[def_DAG]]DAG::
@@ -100,12 +112,22 @@ to point at the new commit.
 
 [[def_detached_HEAD]]detached HEAD::
 	Normally the <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> stores the name of a
-	<<def_branch,branch>>.  However, git also allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>>
-	an arbitrary <<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
-	particular branch.  In this case HEAD is said to be "detached".
-
-[[def_dircache]]dircache::
-	You are *waaaaay* behind. See <<def_index,index>>.
+	<<def_branch,branch>>, and commands that operate on the
+	history HEAD represents operate on the history leading to the
+	tip of the branch the HEAD points at.  However, Git also
+	allows you to <<def_checkout,check out>> an arbitrary
+	<<def_commit,commit>> that isn't necessarily the tip of any
+	particular branch.  The HEAD in such a state is called
+	"detached".
++
+Note that commands that operate on the history of the current branch
+(e.g. `git commit` to build a new history on top of it) still work
+while the HEAD is detached. They update the HEAD to point at the tip
+of the updated history without affecting any branch.  Commands that
+update or inquire information _about_ the current branch (e.g. `git
+branch --set-upstream-to` that sets what remote-tracking branch the
+current branch integrates with) obviously do not work, as there is no
+(real) current branch to ask about in this state.
 
 [[def_directory]]directory::
 	The list you get with "ls" :-)
@@ -115,11 +137,6 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	it contains modifications which have not been <<def_commit,committed>> to the current
 	<<def_branch,branch>>.
 
-[[def_ent]]ent::
-	Favorite synonym to "<<def_tree-ish,tree-ish>>" by some total geeks. See
-	`http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent_(Middle-earth)` for an in-depth
-	explanation. Avoid this term, not to confuse people.
-
 [[def_evil_merge]]evil merge::
 	An evil merge is a <<def_merge,merge>> that introduces changes that
 	do not appear in any <<def_parent,parent>>.
@@ -142,22 +159,30 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	and to get them, too.  See also linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 [[def_file_system]]file system::
-	Linus Torvalds originally designed git to be a user space file system,
+	Linus Torvalds originally designed Git to be a user space file system,
 	i.e. the infrastructure to hold files and directories. That ensured the
-	efficiency and speed of git.
+	efficiency and speed of Git.
 
-[[def_git_archive]]git archive::
+[[def_git_archive]]Git archive::
 	Synonym for <<def_repository,repository>> (for arch people).
 
+[[def_gitfile]]gitfile::
+	A plain file `.git` at the root of a working tree that
+	points at the directory that is the real repository.
+
 [[def_grafts]]grafts::
 	Grafts enables two otherwise different lines of development to be joined
 	together by recording fake ancestry information for commits. This way
-	you can make git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
+	you can make Git pretend the set of <<def_parent,parents>> a <<def_commit,commit>> has
 	is different from what was recorded when the commit was
 	created. Configured via the `.git/info/grafts` file.
++
+Note that the grafts mechanism is outdated and can lead to problems
+transferring objects between repositories; see linkgit:git-replace[1]
+for a more flexible and robust system to do the same thing.
 
 [[def_hash]]hash::
-	In git's context, synonym to <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+	In Git's context, synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_head]]head::
 	A <<def_ref,named reference>> to the <<def_commit,commit>> at the tip of a
@@ -177,14 +202,14 @@ to point at the new commit.
 	A synonym for <<def_head,head>>.
 
 [[def_hook]]hook::
-	During the normal execution of several git commands, call-outs are made
+	During the normal execution of several Git commands, call-outs are made
 	to optional scripts that allow a developer to add functionality or
 	checking. Typically, the hooks allow for a command to be pre-verified
 	and potentially aborted, and allow for a post-notification after the
 	operation is done. The hook scripts are found in the
 	`$GIT_DIR/hooks/` directory, and are enabled by simply
 	removing the `.sample` suffix from the filename. In earlier versions
-	of git you had to make them executable.
+	of Git you had to make them executable.
 
 [[def_index]]index::
 	A collection of files with stat information, whose contents are stored
@@ -201,7 +226,7 @@ to point at the new commit.
 
 [[def_master]]master::
 	The default development <<def_branch,branch>>. Whenever you
-	create a git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
+	create a Git <<def_repository,repository>>, a branch named
 	"master" is created, and becomes the active branch. In most
 	cases, this contains the local development, though that is
 	purely by convention and is not required.
@@ -228,8 +253,8 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 "merge".
 
 [[def_object]]object::
-	The unit of storage in git. It is uniquely identified by the
-	<<def_SHA1,SHA1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
+	The unit of storage in Git. It is uniquely identified by the
+	<<def_SHA1,SHA-1>> of its contents. Consequently, an
 	object can not be changed.
 
 [[def_object_database]]object database::
@@ -241,10 +266,9 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_object_name]]object name::
-	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>. The <<def_hash,hash>>
-	of the object's contents using the Secure Hash Algorithm
-	1 and usually represented by the 40 character hexadecimal encoding of
-	the <<def_hash,hash>> of the object.
+	The unique identifier of an <<def_object,object>>.  The
+	object name is usually represented by a 40 character
+	hexadecimal string.  Also colloquially called <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>.
 
 [[def_object_type]]object type::
 	One of the identifiers "<<def_commit_object,commit>>",
@@ -253,14 +277,13 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 	<<def_object,object>>.
 
 [[def_octopus]]octopus::
-	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>. Also denotes an
-	intelligent predator.
+	To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>.
 
 [[def_origin]]origin::
 	The default upstream <<def_repository,repository>>. Most projects have
 	at least one upstream project which they track. By default
 	'origin' is used for that purpose. New upstream updates
-	will be fetched into remote <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named
+	will be fetched into <<def_remote_tracking_branch,remote-tracking branches>> named
 	origin/name-of-upstream-branch, which you can see using
 	`git branch -r`.
 
@@ -274,7 +297,7 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a
 	pack.
 
 [[def_pathspec]]pathspec::
-       Pattern used to specify paths.
+	Pattern used to limit paths in Git commands.
 +
 Pathspecs are used on the command line of "git ls-files", "git
 ls-tree", "git add", "git grep", "git diff", "git checkout",
@@ -283,6 +306,8 @@ limit the scope of operations to some subset of the tree or
 worktree.  See the documentation of each command for whether
 paths are relative to the current directory or toplevel.  The
 pathspec syntax is as follows:
++
+--
 
 * any path matches itself
 * the pathspec up to the last slash represents a
@@ -292,41 +317,78 @@ pathspec syntax is as follows:
   of the pathname.  Paths relative to the directory
   prefix will be matched against that pattern using fnmatch(3);
   in particular, '*' and '?' _can_ match directory separators.
+
+--
 +
 For example, Documentation/*.jpg will match all .jpg files
 in the Documentation subtree,
 including Documentation/chapter_1/figure_1.jpg.
-
 +
 A pathspec that begins with a colon `:` has special meaning.  In the
 short form, the leading colon `:` is followed by zero or more "magic
 signature" letters (which optionally is terminated by another colon `:`),
-and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path. The optional
-colon that terminates the "magic signature" can be omitted if the pattern
-begins with a character that cannot be a "magic signature" and is not a
-colon.
+and the remainder is the pattern to match against the path.
+The "magic signature" consists of ASCII symbols that are neither
+alphanumeric, glob, regex special characters nor colon.
+The optional colon that terminates the "magic signature" can be
+omitted if the pattern begins with a character that does not belong to
+"magic signature" symbol set and is not a colon.
 +
 In the long form, the leading colon `:` is followed by a open
 parenthesis `(`, a comma-separated list of zero or more "magic words",
 and a close parentheses `)`, and the remainder is the pattern to match
 against the path.
 +
-The "magic signature" consists of an ASCII symbol that is not
-alphanumeric.
+A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
+should not be combined with other pathspec.
 +
 --
-top `/`;;
-	The magic word `top` (mnemonic: `/`) makes the pattern match
-	from the root of the working tree, even when you are running
-	the command from inside a subdirectory.
---
+top;;
+	The magic word `top` (magic signature: `/`) makes the pattern
+	match from the root of the working tree, even when you are
+	running the command from inside a subdirectory.
+
+literal;;
+	Wildcards in the pattern such as `*` or `?` are treated
+	as literal characters.
+
+icase;;
+	Case insensitive match.
+
+glob;;
+	Git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable for
+	consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
+	wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
+	For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
+	"Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html"
+	or "tools/perf/Documentation/perf.html".
 +
-Currently only the slash `/` is recognized as the "magic signature",
-but it is envisioned that we will support more types of magic in later
-versions of git.
+Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
+full pathname may have special meaning:
+
+ - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
+   directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
+   "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
+   matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
+   under directory "`foo`".
+
+ - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
+   "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "abc", relative
+   to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
+
+ - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
+   matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
+   matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
+
+ - Other consecutive asterisks are considered invalid.
 +
-A pathspec with only a colon means "there is no pathspec". This form
-should not be combined with other pathspec.
+Glob magic is incompatible with literal magic.
+
+exclude;;
+	After a path matches any non-exclude pathspec, it will be run
+	through all exclude pathspec (magic signature: `!`). If it
+	matches, the path is ignored.
+--
 
 [[def_parent]]parent::
 	A <<def_commit_object,commit object>> contains a (possibly empty) list
@@ -341,12 +403,12 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	particular line of text. See linkgit:git-diff[1].
 
 [[def_plumbing]]plumbing::
-	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core git>>.
+	Cute name for <<def_core_git,core Git>>.
 
 [[def_porcelain]]porcelain::
 	Cute name for programs and program suites depending on
-	<<def_core_git,core git>>, presenting a high level access to
-	core git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
+	<<def_core_git,core Git>>, presenting a high level access to
+	core Git. Porcelains expose more of a <<def_SCM,SCM>>
 	interface than the <<def_plumbing,plumbing>>.
 
 [[def_pull]]pull::
@@ -381,10 +443,20 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	to the result.
 
 [[def_ref]]ref::
-	A 40-byte hex representation of a <<def_SHA1,SHA1>> or a name that
-	denotes a particular <<def_object,object>>. They may be stored in
-	a file under `$GIT_DIR/refs/` directory, or
-	in the `$GIT_DIR/packed-refs` file.
+	A name that begins with `refs/` (e.g. `refs/heads/master`)
+	that points to an <<def_object_name,object name>> or another
+	ref (the latter is called a <<def_symref,symbolic ref>>).
+	For convenience, a ref can sometimes be abbreviated when used
+	as an argument to a Git command; see linkgit:gitrevisions[7]
+	for details.
+	Refs are stored in the <<def_repository,repository>>.
++
+The ref namespace is hierarchical.
+Different subhierarchies are used for different purposes (e.g. the
+`refs/heads/` hierarchy is used to represent local branches).
++
+There are a few special-purpose refs that do not begin with `refs/`.
+The most notable example is `HEAD`.
 
 [[def_reflog]]reflog::
 	A reflog shows the local "history" of a ref.  In other words,
@@ -395,23 +467,16 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 [[def_refspec]]refspec::
 	A "refspec" is used by <<def_fetch,fetch>> and
 	<<def_push,push>> to describe the mapping between remote
-	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref. They are combined with a colon in
-	the format <src>:<dst>, preceded by an optional plus sign, +.
-	For example: `git fetch $URL
-	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin` means "grab the master
-	<<def_branch,branch>> <<def_head,head>> from the $URL and store
-	it as my origin branch head". And `git push
-	$URL refs/heads/master:refs/heads/to-upstream` means "publish my
-	master branch head as to-upstream branch at $URL". See also
-	linkgit:git-push[1].
+	<<def_ref,ref>> and local ref.
 
 [[def_remote_tracking_branch]]remote-tracking branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used to follow changes from
-	another <<def_repository,repository>>. A remote-tracking
-	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local commits
-	made to it. A remote-tracking branch can usually be
-	identified as the right-hand-side <<def_ref,ref>> in a Pull:
-	<<def_refspec,refspec>>.
+	A <<def_ref,ref>> that is used to follow changes from another
+	<<def_repository,repository>>. It typically looks like
+	'refs/remotes/foo/bar' (indicating that it tracks a branch named
+	'bar' in a remote named 'foo'), and matches the right-hand-side of
+	a configured fetch <<def_refspec,refspec>>. A remote-tracking
+	branch should not contain direct modifications or have local
+	commits made to it.
 
 [[def_repository]]repository::
 	A collection of <<def_ref,refs>> together with an
@@ -426,9 +491,7 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	<<def_merge,merge>> left behind.
 
 [[def_revision]]revision::
-	A particular state of files and directories which was stored in the
-	<<def_object_database,object database>>. It is referenced by a
-	<<def_commit_object,commit object>>.
+	Synonym for <<def_commit,commit>> (the noun).
 
 [[def_rewind]]rewind::
 	To throw away part of the development, i.e. to assign the
@@ -437,13 +500,14 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 [[def_SCM]]SCM::
 	Source code management (tool).
 
-[[def_SHA1]]SHA1::
-	Synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
+[[def_SHA1]]SHA-1::
+	"Secure Hash Algorithm 1"; a cryptographic hash function.
+	In the context of Git used as a synonym for <<def_object_name,object name>>.
 
 [[def_shallow_repository]]shallow repository::
 	A shallow <<def_repository,repository>> has an incomplete
 	history some of whose <<def_commit,commits>> have <<def_parent,parents>> cauterized away (in other
-	words, git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
+	words, Git is told to pretend that these commits do not have the
 	parents, even though they are recorded in the <<def_commit_object,commit
 	object>>). This is sometimes useful when you are interested only in the
 	recent history of a project even though the real history recorded in the
@@ -452,7 +516,7 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	its history can be later deepened with linkgit:git-fetch[1].
 
 [[def_symref]]symref::
-	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA1>>
+	Symbolic reference: instead of containing the <<def_SHA1,SHA-1>>
 	id itself, it is of the format 'ref: refs/some/thing' and when
 	referenced, it recursively dereferences to this reference.
 	'<<def_HEAD,HEAD>>' is a prime example of a symref. Symbolic
@@ -464,9 +528,9 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	object of an arbitrary type (typically a tag points to either a
 	<<def_tag_object,tag>> or a <<def_commit_object,commit object>>).
 	In contrast to a <<def_head,head>>, a tag is not updated by
-	the `commit` command. A git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
+	the `commit` command. A Git tag has nothing to do with a Lisp
 	tag (which would be called an <<def_object_type,object type>>
-	in git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
+	in Git's context). A tag is most typically used to mark a particular
 	point in the commit ancestry <<def_chain,chain>>.
 
 [[def_tag_object]]tag object::
@@ -476,7 +540,7 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	signature, in which case it is called a "signed tag object".
 
 [[def_topic_branch]]topic branch::
-	A regular git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
+	A regular Git <<def_branch,branch>> that is used by a developer to
 	identify a conceptual line of development. Since branches are very easy
 	and inexpensive, it is often desirable to have several small branches
 	that each contain very well defined concepts or small incremental yet
@@ -492,10 +556,19 @@ should not be combined with other pathspec.
 	with refs to the associated blob and/or tree objects. A
 	<<def_tree,tree>> is equivalent to a <<def_directory,directory>>.
 
-[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish::
-	A <<def_ref,ref>> pointing to either a <<def_commit_object,commit
-	object>>, a <<def_tree_object,tree object>>, or a <<def_tag_object,tag
-	object>> pointing to a tag or commit or tree object.
+[[def_tree-ish]]tree-ish (also treeish)::
+	A <<def_tree_object,tree object>> or an <<def_object,object>>
+	that can be recursively dereferenced to a tree object.
+	Dereferencing a <<def_commit_object,commit object>> yields the
+	tree object corresponding to the <<def_revision,revision>>'s
+	top <<def_directory,directory>>.
+	The following are all tree-ishes:
+	a <<def_commit-ish,commit-ish>>,
+	a tree object,
+	a <<def_tag_object,tag object>> that points to a tree object,
+	a tag object that points to a tag object that points to a tree
+	object,
+	etc.
 
 [[def_unmerged_index]]unmerged index::
 	An <<def_index,index>> which contains unmerged
diff --git a/Documentation/howto-index.sh b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
index 34aa30c5b9..167b363668 100755
--- a/Documentation/howto-index.sh
+++ b/Documentation/howto-index.sh
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 cat <<\EOF
-GIT Howto Index
+Git Howto Index
 ===============
 
 Here is a collection of mailing list postings made by various
-people describing how they use git in their workflow.
+people describing how they use Git in their workflow.
 
 EOF
 
 for txt
 do
-	title=`expr "$txt" : '.*/\(.*\)\.txt$'`
-	from=`sed -ne '
+	title=$(expr "$txt" : '.*/\(.*\)\.txt$')
+	from=$(sed -ne '
 	/^$/q
 	/^From:[ 	]/{
 		s///
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ do
 		s/^/by /
 		p
 	}
-	' "$txt"`
+	' "$txt")
 
-	abstract=`sed -ne '
+	abstract=$(sed -ne '
 	/^Abstract:[ 	]/{
 		s/^[^ 	]*//
 		x
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ do
 		x
 		p
 		q
-	}' "$txt"`
+	}' "$txt")
 
 	if grep 'Content-type: text/asciidoc' >/dev/null $txt
 	then
-		file=`expr "$txt" : '\(.*\)\.txt$'`.html
+		file=$(expr "$txt" : '\(.*\)\.txt$').html
 	else
 		file="$txt"
 	fi
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.txt b/Documentation/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35d48ef714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
+Date: Wed, 07 May 2014 13:15:39 -0700
+Subject: Beginner question on "Pull is mostly evil"
+Abstract: This how-to explains a method for keeping a
+ project's history correct when using git pull.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+Keep authoritative canonical history correct with git pull
+==========================================================
+
+Sometimes a new project integrator will end up with project history
+that appears to be "backwards" from what other project developers
+expect. This howto presents a suggested integration workflow for
+maintaining a central repository.
+
+Suppose that that central repository has this history:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A
+------------
+
+which ends at commit `A` (time flows from left to right and each node
+in the graph is a commit, lines between them indicating parent-child
+relationship).
+
+Then you clone it and work on your own commits, which leads you to
+have this history in *your* repository:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---B---C
+------------
+
+Imagine your coworker did the same and built on top of `A` in *his*
+repository in the meantime, and then pushed it to the
+central repository:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z
+------------
+
+Now, if you `git push` at this point, because your history that leads
+to `C` lacks `X`, `Y` and `Z`, it will fail.  You need to somehow make
+the tip of your history a descendant of `Z`.
+
+One suggested way to solve the problem is "fetch and then merge", aka
+`git pull`. When you fetch, your repository will have a history like
+this:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---B---C
+		\
+		 X---Y---Z
+------------
+
+Once you run merge after that, while still on *your* branch, i.e. `C`,
+you will create a merge `M` and make the history look like this:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---B---C---M
+		\         /
+		 X---Y---Z
+------------
+
+`M` is a descendant of `Z`, so you can push to update the central
+repository.  Such a merge `M` does not lose any commit in both
+histories, so in that sense it may not be wrong, but when people want
+to talk about "the authoritative canonical history that is shared
+among the project participants", i.e. "the trunk", they often view
+it as "commits you see by following the first-parent chain", and use
+this command to view it:
+
+------------
+    $ git log --first-parent
+------------
+
+For all other people who observed the central repository after your
+coworker pushed `Z` but before you pushed `M`, the commit on the trunk
+used to be `o-o-A-X-Y-Z`.  But because you made `M` while you were on
+`C`, `M`'s first parent is `C`, so by pushing `M` to advance the
+central repository, you made `X-Y-Z` a side branch, not on the trunk.
+
+You would rather want to have a history of this shape:
+
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z---M'
+		\             /
+		 B-----------C
+------------
+
+so that in the first-parent chain, it is clear that the project first
+did `X` and then `Y` and then `Z` and merged a change that consists of
+two commits `B` and `C` that achieves a single goal.  You may have
+worked on fixing the bug #12345 with these two patches, and the merge
+`M'` with swapped parents can say in its log message "Merge
+fix-bug-12345". Having a way to tell `git pull` to create a merge
+but record the parents in reverse order may be a way to do so.
+
+Note that I said "achieves a single goal" above, because this is
+important.  "Swapping the merge order" only covers a special case
+where the project does not care too much about having unrelated
+things done on a single merge but cares a lot about first-parent
+chain.
+
+There are multiple schools of thought about the "trunk" management.
+
+ 1. Some projects want to keep a completely linear history without any
+    merges.  Obviously, swapping the merge order would not match their
+    taste.  You would need to flatten your history on top of the
+    updated upstream to result in a history of this shape instead:
++
+------------
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z---B---C
+------------
++
+with `git pull --rebase` or something.
+
+ 2. Some projects tolerate merges in their history, but do not worry
+    too much about the first-parent order, and allow fast-forward
+    merges.  To them, swapping the merge order does not hurt, but
+    it is unnecessary.
+
+ 3. Some projects want each commit on the "trunk" to do one single
+    thing.  The output of `git log --first-parent` in such a project
+    would show either a merge of a side branch that completes a single
+    theme, or a single commit that completes a single theme by itself.
+    If your two commits `B` and `C` (or they may even be two groups of
+    commits) were solving two independent issues, then the merge `M'`
+    we made in the earlier example by swapping the merge order is
+    still not up to the project standard.  It merges two unrelated
+    efforts `B` and `C` at the same time.
+
+For projects in the last category (Git itself is one of them),
+individual developers would want to prepare a history more like
+this:
+
+------------
+		 C0--C1--C2     topic-c
+		/
+    ---o---o---A                master
+		\
+		 B0--B1--B2     topic-b
+------------
+
+That is, keeping separate topics on separate branches, perhaps like
+so:
+
+------------
+    $ git clone $URL work && cd work
+    $ git checkout -b topic-b master
+    $ ... work to create B0, B1 and B2 to complete one theme
+    $ git checkout -b topic-c master
+    $ ... same for the theme of topic-c
+------------
+
+And then
+
+------------
+    $ git checkout master
+    $ git pull --ff-only
+------------
+
+would grab `X`, `Y` and `Z` from the upstream and advance your master
+branch:
+
+------------
+		 C0--C1--C2     topic-c
+		/
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z    master
+		\
+		 B0--B1--B2     topic-b
+------------
+
+And then you would merge these two branches separately:
+
+------------
+    $ git merge topic-b
+    $ git merge topic-c
+------------
+
+to result in
+
+------------
+		 C0--C1---------C2
+		/                 \
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z---M---N
+		\             /
+		 B0--B1-----B2
+------------
+
+and push it back to the central repository.
+
+It is very much possible that while you are merging topic-b and
+topic-c, somebody again advanced the history in the central repository
+to put `W` on top of `Z`, and make your `git push` fail.
+
+In such a case, you would rewind to discard `M` and `N`, update the
+tip of your 'master' again and redo the two merges:
+
+------------
+    $ git reset --hard origin/master
+    $ git pull --ff-only
+    $ git merge topic-b
+    $ git merge topic-c
+------------
+
+The procedure will result in a history that looks like this:
+
+------------
+		 C0--C1--------------C2
+		/                     \
+    ---o---o---A---X---Y---Z---W---M'--N'
+		\                 /
+		 B0--B1---------B2
+------------
+
+See also http://git-blame.blogspot.com/2013/09/fun-with-first-parent-history.html
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
index 8823a37067..ca4378740c 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/maintain-git.txt
@@ -1,53 +1,64 @@
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Date: Wed, 21 Nov 2007 16:32:55 -0800
 Subject: Addendum to "MaintNotes"
-Abstract: Imagine that git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
+Abstract: Imagine that Git development is racing along as usual, when our friendly
  neighborhood maintainer is struck down by a wayward bus. Out of the
  hordes of suckers (loyal developers), you have been tricked (chosen) to
  step up as the new maintainer. This howto will show you "how to" do it.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
-The maintainer's git time is spent on three activities.
+How to maintain Git
+===================
 
- - Communication (60%)
+Activities
+----------
+
+The maintainer's Git time is spent on three activities.
+
+ - Communication (45%)
 
    Mailing list discussions on general design, fielding user
    questions, diagnosing bug reports; reviewing, commenting on,
    suggesting alternatives to, and rejecting patches.
 
- - Integration (30%)
+ - Integration (50%)
 
    Applying new patches from the contributors while spotting and
    correcting minor mistakes, shuffling the integration and
    testing branches, pushing the results out, cutting the
    releases, and making announcements.
 
- - Own development (10%)
+ - Own development (5%)
 
    Scratching my own itch and sending proposed patch series out.
 
+The Policy
+----------
+
 The policy on Integration is informally mentioned in "A Note
 from the maintainer" message, which is periodically posted to
 this mailing list after each feature release is made.
 
-The policy.
-
- - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant to
+ - Feature releases are numbered as vX.Y.0 and are meant to
    contain bugfixes and enhancements in any area, including
    functionality, performance and usability, without regression.
 
- - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z.W and are meant
-   to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.Z feature
-   release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.Z.V (V < W).
+ - One release cycle for a feature release is expected to last for
+   eight to ten weeks.
+
+ - Maintenance releases are numbered as vX.Y.Z and are meant
+   to contain only bugfixes for the corresponding vX.Y.0 feature
+   release and earlier maintenance releases vX.Y.W (W < Z).
 
  - 'master' branch is used to prepare for the next feature
    release. In other words, at some point, the tip of 'master'
-   branch is tagged with vX.Y.Z.
+   branch is tagged with vX.Y.0.
 
  - 'maint' branch is used to prepare for the next maintenance
-   release.  After the feature release vX.Y.Z is made, the tip
+   release.  After the feature release vX.Y.0 is made, the tip
    of 'maint' branch is set to that release, and bugfixes will
    accumulate on the branch, and at some point, the tip of the
-   branch is tagged with vX.Y.Z.1, vX.Y.Z.2, and so on.
+   branch is tagged with vX.Y.1, vX.Y.2, and so on.
 
  - 'next' branch is used to publish changes (both enhancements
    and fixes) that (1) have worthwhile goal, (2) are in a fairly
@@ -58,12 +69,15 @@ The policy.
  - 'pu' branch is used to publish other proposed changes that do
    not yet pass the criteria set for 'next'.
 
- - The tips of 'master', 'maint' and 'next' branches will always
-   fast-forward, to allow people to build their own
-   customization on top of them.
+ - The tips of 'master' and 'maint' branches will not be rewound to
+   allow people to build their own customization on top of them.
+   Early in a new development cycle, 'next' is rewound to the tip of
+   'master' once, but otherwise it will not be rewound until the end
+   of the cycle.
 
- - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint', 'next' contains all
-   of 'master' and 'pu' contains all of 'next'.
+ - Usually 'master' contains all of 'maint' and 'next' contains all
+   of 'master'.  'pu' contains all the topics merged to 'next', but
+   is rebuilt directly on 'master'.
 
  - The tip of 'master' is meant to be more stable than any
    tagged releases, and the users are encouraged to follow it.
@@ -72,15 +86,27 @@ The policy.
    users are encouraged to test it so that regressions and bugs
    are found before new topics are merged to 'master'.
 
+Note that before v1.9.0 release, the version numbers used to be
+structured slightly differently.  vX.Y.Z were feature releases while
+vX.Y.Z.W were maintenance releases for vX.Y.Z.
+
 
-A typical git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
+A Typical Git Day
+-----------------
+
+A typical Git day for the maintainer implements the above policy
 by doing the following:
 
- - Scan mailing list and #git channel log.  Respond with review
-   comments, suggestions etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially
-   usable patches from the mailing list.  Patches about a single
-   topic go to one mailbox (I read my mail in Gnus, and type
-   \C-o to save/append messages in files in mbox format).
+ - Scan mailing list.  Respond with review comments, suggestions
+   etc.  Kibitz.  Collect potentially usable patches from the
+   mailing list.  Patches about a single topic go to one mailbox (I
+   read my mail in Gnus, and type \C-o to save/append messages in
+   files in mbox format).
+
+ - Write his own patches to address issues raised on the list but
+   nobody has stepped up solving.  Send it out just like other
+   contributors do, and pick them up just like patches from other
+   contributors (see above).
 
  - Review the patches in the saved mailboxes.  Edit proposed log
    message for typofixes and clarifications, and add Acks
@@ -96,40 +122,32 @@ by doing the following:
    - Obviously correct fixes that pertain to the tip of 'master'
      are directly applied to 'master'.
 
+   - Other topics are not handled in this step.
+
    This step is done with "git am".
 
      $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
-     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ git am -sc3 mailbox
      $ make test
 
- - Merge downwards (maint->master):
-
-     $ git checkout master
-     $ git merge maint
-     $ make test
+   In practice, almost no patch directly goes to 'master' or
+   'maint'.
 
  - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" message, review the
-   topics scheduled for merging upwards (topic->master and
-   topic->maint), and merge.
+   topics ready for merging (topic->master and topic->maint).  Use
+   "Meta/cook -w" script (where Meta/ contains a checkout of the
+   'todo' branch) to aid this step.
+
+   And perform the merge.  Use "Meta/Reintegrate -e" script (see
+   later) to aid this step.
+
+     $ Meta/cook -w last-issue-of-whats-cooking.mbox
 
      $ git checkout master    ;# or "git checkout maint"
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
+     $ echo ai/topic | Meta/Reintegrate -e ;# "git merge ai/topic"
      $ git log -p ORIG_HEAD.. ;# final review
      $ git diff ORIG_HEAD..   ;# final review
      $ make test              ;# final review
-     $ git branch -d ai/topic ;# or "git branch -d ai/maint-topic"
-
- - Merge downwards (maint->master) if needed:
-
-     $ git checkout master
-     $ git merge maint
-     $ make test
-
- - Merge downwards (master->next) if needed:
-
-     $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge master
-     $ make test
 
  - Handle the remaining patches:
 
@@ -138,9 +156,9 @@ by doing the following:
      and not in 'master') is applied to a new topic branch that
      is forked from the tip of 'master'.  This includes both
      enhancements and unobvious fixes to 'master'.  A topic
-     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is typically
-     author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name of the
-     topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
+     branch is named as ai/topic where "ai" is two-letter string
+     named after author's initial and "topic" is a descriptive name
+     of the topic (in other words, "what's the series is about").
 
    - An unobvious fix meant for 'maint' is applied to a new
      topic branch that is forked from the tip of 'maint'.  The
@@ -158,7 +176,8 @@ by doing the following:
 
    The above except the "replacement" are all done with:
 
-     $ git am -3 -s mailbox
+     $ git checkout ai/topic ;# or "git checkout -b ai/topic master"
+     $ git am -sc3 mailbox
 
    while patch replacement is often done by:
 
@@ -166,93 +185,170 @@ by doing the following:
 
    then replace some parts with the new patch, and reapplying:
 
+     $ git checkout ai/topic
      $ git reset --hard ai/topic~$n
-     $ git am -3 -s 000*.txt
+     $ git am -sc3 -s 000*.txt
 
    The full test suite is always run for 'maint' and 'master'
    after patch application; for topic branches the tests are run
    as time permits.
 
- - Update "What's cooking" message to review the updates to
-   existing topics, newly added topics and graduated topics.
-
-   This step is helped with Meta/cook script (where Meta/ contains
-   a checkout of the 'todo' branch).
+ - Merge maint to master as needed:
 
- - Merge topics to 'next'.  For each branch whose tip is not
-   merged to 'next', one of three things can happen:
+     $ git checkout master
+     $ git merge maint
+     $ make test
 
-   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next:
+ - Merge master to next as needed:
 
      $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# or "git merge ai/maint-topic"
+     $ git merge master
      $ make test
 
+ - Review the last issue of "What's cooking" again and see if topics
+   that are ready to be merged to 'next' are still in good shape
+   (e.g. has there any new issue identified on the list with the
+   series?)
+
+ - Prepare 'jch' branch, which is used to represent somewhere
+   between 'master' and 'pu' and often is slightly ahead of 'next'.
+
+     $ Meta/Reintegrate master..pu >Meta/redo-jch.sh
+
+   The result is a script that lists topics to be merged in order to
+   rebuild 'pu' as the input to Meta/Reintegrate script.  Remove
+   later topics that should not be in 'jch' yet.  Add a line that
+   consists of '### match next' before the name of the first topic
+   in the output that should be in 'jch' but not in 'next' yet.
+
+ - Now we are ready to start merging topics to 'next'.  For each
+   branch whose tip is not merged to 'next', one of three things can
+   happen:
+
+   - The commits are all next-worthy; merge the topic to next;
    - The new parts are of mixed quality, but earlier ones are
-     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next:
+     next-worthy; merge the early parts to next;
+   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+
+   This step is aided with Meta/redo-jch.sh script created earlier.
+   If a topic that was already in 'next' gained a patch, the script
+   would list it as "ai/topic~1".  To include the new patch to the
+   updated 'next', drop the "~1" part; to keep it excluded, do not
+   touch the line.  If a topic that was not in 'next' should be
+   merged to 'next', add it at the end of the list.  Then:
+
+     $ git checkout -B jch master
+     $ Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1
+
+   to rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch.  "-c1" tells the script
+   to stop merging at the first line that begins with '###'
+   (i.e. the "### match next" line you added earlier).
+
+   At this point, build-test the result.  It may reveal semantic
+   conflicts (e.g. a topic renamed a variable, another added a new
+   reference to the variable under its old name), in which case
+   prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see appendix), and
+   rebuild the 'jch' branch from scratch, starting at the tip of
+   'master'.
+
+   Then do the same to 'next'
 
      $ git checkout next
-     $ git merge ai/topic~2   ;# the tip two are dubious
-     $ make test
+     $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -c1 -e
 
-   - Nothing is next-worthy; do not do anything.
+   The "-e" option allows the merge message that comes from the
+   history of the topic and the comments in the "What's cooking" to
+   be edited.  The resulting tree should match 'jch' as the same set
+   of topics are merged on 'master'; otherwise there is a mismerge.
+   Investigate why and do not proceed until the mismerge is found
+   and rectified.
 
- - [** OBSOLETE **] Optionally rebase topics that do not have any commit
-   in next yet, when they can take advantage of low-level framework
-   change that is merged to 'master' already.
+     $ git diff jch next
 
-     $ git rebase master ai/topic
+   When all is well, clean up the redo-jch.sh script with
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/git-topic.perl script to
-   identify which topic is rebaseable.  There also is a
-   pre-rebase hook to make sure that topics that are already in
-   'next' are not rebased beyond the merged commit.
+     $ sh Meta/redo-jch.sh -u
 
- - [** OBSOLETE **] Rebuild "pu" to merge the tips of topics not in 'next'.
+   This removes topics listed in the script that have already been
+   merged to 'master'.  This may lose '### match next' marker;
+   add it again to the appropriate place when it happens.
 
-     $ git checkout pu
-     $ git reset --hard next
-     $ git merge ai/topic     ;# repeat for all remaining topics
-     $ make test
+ - Rebuild 'pu'.
 
-   This step is helped with Meta/PU script
+     $ Meta/Reintegrate master..pu >Meta/redo-pu.sh
 
- - Push four integration branches to a private repository at
-   k.org and run "make test" on all of them.
+   Edit the result by adding new topics that are not still in 'pu'
+   in the script.  Then
 
- - Push four integration branches to /pub/scm/git/git.git at
-   k.org.  This triggers its post-update hook which:
+     $ git checkout -B pu jch
+     $ sh Meta/redo-pu.sh
 
-    (1) runs "git pull" in $HOME/git-doc/ repository to pull
-        'master' just pushed out;
+   When all is well, clean up the redo-pu.sh script with
 
-    (2) runs "make doc" in $HOME/git-doc/, install the generated
-        documentation in staging areas, which are separate
-        repositories that have html and man branches checked
-        out.
+     $ sh Meta/redo-pu.sh -u
 
-    (3) runs "git commit" in the staging areas, and run "git
-        push" back to /pub/scm/git/git.git/ to update the html
-        and man branches.
+   Double check by running
 
-    (4) installs generated documentation to /pub/software/scm/git/docs/
-        to be viewed from http://www.kernel.org/
+     $ git branch --no-merged pu
 
- - Fetch html and man branches back from k.org, and push four
-   integration branches and the two documentation branches to
-   repo.or.cz and other mirrors.
+   to see there is no unexpected leftover topics.
 
+   At this point, build-test the result for semantic conflicts, and
+   if there are, prepare an appropriate merge-fix first (see
+   appendix), and rebuild the 'pu' branch from scratch, starting at
+   the tip of 'jch'.
+
+ - Update "What's cooking" message to review the updates to
+   existing topics, newly added topics and graduated topics.
+
+   This step is helped with Meta/cook script.
+
+     $ Meta/cook
+
+   This script inspects the history between master..pu, finds tips
+   of topic branches, compares what it found with the current
+   contents in Meta/whats-cooking.txt, and updates that file.
+   Topics not listed in the file but are found in master..pu are
+   added to the "New topics" section, topics listed in the file that
+   are no longer found in master..pu are moved to the "Graduated to
+   master" section, and topics whose commits changed their states
+   (e.g. used to be only in 'pu', now merged to 'next') are updated
+   with change markers "<<" and ">>".
+
+   Look for lines enclosed in "<<" and ">>"; they hold contents from
+   old file that are replaced by this integration round.  After
+   verifying them, remove the old part.  Review the description for
+   each topic and update its doneness and plan as needed.  To review
+   the updated plan, run
+
+     $ Meta/cook -w
+
+   which will pick up comments given to the topics, such as "Will
+   merge to 'next'", etc. (see Meta/cook script to learn what kind
+   of phrases are supported).
+
+ - Compile, test and install all four (five) integration branches;
+   Meta/Dothem script may aid this step.
+
+ - Format documentation if the 'master' branch was updated;
+   Meta/dodoc.sh script may aid this step.
+
+ - Push the integration branches out to public places; Meta/pushall
+   script may aid this step.
+
+Observations
+------------
 
 Some observations to be made.
 
- * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with
-   other topics cooking in 'next'.  Until it matures, none part
-   of it is merged to 'master'.
+ * Each topic is tested individually, and also together with other
+   topics cooking first in 'pu', then in 'jch' and then in 'next'.
+   Until it matures, no part of it is merged to 'master'.
 
  * A topic already in 'next' can get fixes while still in
    'next'.  Such a topic will have many merges to 'next' (in
    other words, "git log --first-parent next" will show many
-   "Merge ai/topic to next" for the same topic.
+   "Merge branch 'ai/topic' to next" for the same topic.
 
  * An unobvious fix for 'maint' is cooked in 'next' and then
    merged to 'master' to make extra sure it is Ok and then
@@ -274,3 +370,80 @@ Some observations to be made.
  * Being in the 'next' branch is not a guarantee for a topic to
    be included in the next feature release.  Being in the
    'master' branch typically is.
+
+
+Appendix
+--------
+
+Preparing a "merge-fix"
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A merge of two topics may not textually conflict but still have
+conflict at the semantic level. A classic example is for one topic
+to rename an variable and all its uses, while another topic adds a
+new use of the variable under its old name. When these two topics
+are merged together, the reference to the variable newly added by
+the latter topic will still use the old name in the result.
+
+The Meta/Reintegrate script that is used by redo-jch and redo-pu
+scripts implements a crude but usable way to work this issue around.
+When the script merges branch $X, it checks if "refs/merge-fix/$X"
+exists, and if so, the effect of it is squashed into the result of
+the mechanical merge.  In other words,
+
+     $ echo $X | Meta/Reintegrate
+
+is roughly equivalent to this sequence:
+
+     $ git merge --rerere-autoupdate $X
+     $ git commit
+     $ git cherry-pick -n refs/merge-fix/$X
+     $ git commit --amend
+
+The goal of this "prepare a merge-fix" step is to come up with a
+commit that can be squashed into a result of mechanical merge to
+correct semantic conflicts.
+
+After finding that the result of merging branch "ai/topic" to an
+integration branch had such a semantic conflict, say pu~4, check the
+problematic merge out on a detached HEAD, edit the working tree to
+fix the semantic conflict, and make a separate commit to record the
+fix-up:
+
+     $ git checkout pu~4
+     $ git show -s --pretty=%s ;# double check
+     Merge branch 'ai/topic' to pu
+     $ edit
+     $ git commit -m 'merge-fix/ai/topic' -a
+
+Then make a reference "refs/merge-fix/ai/topic" to point at this
+result:
+
+     $ git update-ref refs/merge-fix/ai/topic HEAD
+
+Then double check the result by asking Meta/Reintegrate to redo the
+merge:
+
+     $ git checkout pu~5 ;# the parent of the problem merge
+     $ echo ai/topic | Meta/Reintegrate
+     $ git diff pu~4
+
+This time, because you prepared refs/merge-fix/ai/topic, the
+resulting merge should have been tweaked to include the fix for the
+semantic conflict.
+
+Note that this assumes that the order in which conflicting branches
+are merged does not change.  If the reason why merging ai/topic
+branch needs this merge-fix is because another branch merged earlier
+to the integration branch changed the underlying assumption ai/topic
+branch made (e.g. ai/topic branch added a site to refer to a
+variable, while the other branch renamed that variable and adjusted
+existing use sites), and if you changed redo-jch (or redo-pu) script
+to merge ai/topic branch before the other branch, then the above
+merge-fix should not be applied while merging ai/topic, but should
+instead be applied while merging the other branch.  You would need
+to move the fix to apply to the other branch, perhaps like this:
+
+      $ mf=refs/merge-fix
+      $ git update-ref $mf/$the_other_branch $mf/ai/topic
+      $ git update-ref -d $mf/ai/topic
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7de5a3e9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/new-command.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+From: Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
+Abstract: This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
+ commands to Git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to integrate new subcommands
+================================
+
+This is how-to documentation for people who want to add extension
+commands to Git.  It should be read alongside api-builtin.txt.
+
+Runtime environment
+-------------------
+
+Git subcommands are standalone executables that live in the Git exec
+path, normally /usr/lib/git-core.  The git executable itself is a
+thin wrapper that knows where the subcommands live, and runs them by
+passing command-line arguments to them.
+
+(If "git foo" is not found in the Git exec path, the wrapper
+will look in the rest of your $PATH for it.  Thus, it's possible
+to write local Git extensions that don't live in system space.)
+
+Implementation languages
+------------------------
+
+Most subcommands are written in C or shell.  A few are written in
+Perl.
+
+While we strongly encourage coding in portable C for portability,
+these specific scripting languages are also acceptable.  We won't
+accept more without a very strong technical case, as we don't want
+to broaden the Git suite's required dependencies.  Import utilities,
+surgical tools, remote helpers and other code at the edges of the
+Git suite are more lenient and we allow Python (and even Tcl/tk),
+but they should not be used for core functions.
+
+This may change in the future.  Especially Python is not allowed in
+core because we need better Python integration in the Git Windows
+installer before we can be confident people in that environment
+won't experience an unacceptably large loss of capability.
+
+C commands are normally written as single modules, named after the
+command, that link a collection of functions called libgit.  Thus,
+your command 'git-foo' would normally be implemented as a single
+"git-foo.c" (or "builtin/foo.c" if it is to be linked to the main
+binary); this organization makes it easy for people reading the code
+to find things.
+
+See the CodingGuidelines document for other guidance on what we consider
+good practice in C and shell, and api-builtin.txt for the support
+functions available to built-in commands written in C.
+
+What every extension command needs
+----------------------------------
+
+You must have a man page, written in asciidoc (this is what Git help
+followed by your subcommand name will display).  Be aware that there is
+a local asciidoc configuration and macros which you should use.  It's
+often helpful to start by cloning an existing page and replacing the
+text content.
+
+You must have a test, written to report in TAP (Test Anything Protocol).
+Tests are executables (usually shell scripts) that live in the 't'
+subdirectory of the tree.  Each test name begins with 't' and a sequence
+number that controls where in the test sequence it will be executed;
+conventionally the rest of the name stem is that of the command
+being tested.
+
+Read the file t/README to learn more about the conventions to be used
+in writing tests, and the test support library.
+
+Integrating a command
+---------------------
+
+Here are the things you need to do when you want to merge a new
+subcommand into the Git tree.
+
+1. Don't forget to sign off your patch!
+
+2. Append your command name to one of the variables BUILTIN_OBJS,
+EXTRA_PROGRAMS, SCRIPT_SH, SCRIPT_PERL or SCRIPT_PYTHON.
+
+3. Drop its test in the t directory.
+
+4. If your command is implemented in an interpreted language with a
+p-code intermediate form, make sure .gitignore in the main directory
+includes a pattern entry that ignores such files.  Python .pyc and
+.pyo files will already be covered.
+
+5. If your command has any dependency on a particular version of
+your language, document it in the INSTALL file.
+
+6. There is a file command-list.txt in the distribution main directory
+that categorizes commands by type, so they can be listed in appropriate
+subsections in the documentation's summary command list.  Add an entry
+for yours.  To understand the categories, look at git-commands.txt
+in the main directory.
+
+7. Give the maintainer one paragraph to include in the RelNotes file
+to describe the new feature; a good place to do so is in the cover
+letter [PATCH 0/n].
+
+That's all there is to it.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
index 74a1c0c4ba..02cb5f758d 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.txt
@@ -4,11 +4,16 @@ Cc:	Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>, Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
 Subject: Re: sending changesets from the middle of a git tree
 Date:	Sun, 14 Aug 2005 18:37:39 -0700
 Abstract: In this article, JC talks about how he rebases the
- public "pu" branch using the core GIT tools when he updates
+ public "pu" branch using the core Git tools when he updates
  the "master" branch, and how "rebase" works.  Also discussed
  is how this applies to individual developers who sends patches
  upstream.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
+How to rebase from an internal branch
+=====================================
+
+--------------------------------------
 Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> writes:
 
 > Dear diary, on Sun, Aug 14, 2005 at 09:57:13AM CEST, I got a letter
@@ -19,13 +24,14 @@ Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> writes:
 >> > branch to the real branches.
 >>
 > Actually, wouldn't this be also precisely for what StGIT is intended to?
+--------------------------------------
 
 Exactly my feeling.  I was sort of waiting for Catalin to speak
 up.  With its basing philosophical ancestry on quilt, this is
 the kind of task StGIT is designed to do.
 
 I just have done a simpler one, this time using only the core
-GIT tools.
+Git tools.
 
 I had a handful of commits that were ahead of master in pu, and I
 wanted to add some documentation bypassing my usual habit of
@@ -90,7 +96,7 @@ you ran fsck-cache, which is normal.  After testing "pu", you
 can run "git prune" to get rid of those original three commits.
 
 While I am talking about "git rebase", I should talk about how
-to do cherrypicking using only the core GIT tools.
+to do cherrypicking using only the core Git tools.
 
 Let's go back to the earlier picture, with different labels.
 
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@ You fetch from upstream, but not merge.
     $ git fetch upstream
 
 This leaves the updated upstream head in .git/FETCH_HEAD but
-does not touch your .git/HEAD nor .git/refs/heads/master.
+does not touch your .git/HEAD or .git/refs/heads/master.
 You run "git rebase" now.
 
     $ git rebase FETCH_HEAD master
@@ -156,8 +162,3 @@ you continue on starting from the new "master" head, which is
 the #1' commit.
 
 -jc
-
--
-To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe git" in
-the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
-More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
index 48c67568d3..25378f68d3 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.txt
@@ -3,19 +3,23 @@ Message-ID: <7vy86o6usx.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Date: Fri, 26 Aug 2005 18:19:10 -0700
 Abstract: In this how-to article, JC talks about how he
- uses the post-update hook to automate git documentation page
+ uses the post-update hook to automate Git documentation page
  shown at http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to rebuild from update hook
+===============================
 
 The pages under http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/
 are built from Documentation/ directory of the git.git project
 and needed to be kept up-to-date.  The www.kernel.org/ servers
 are mirrored and I was told that the origin of the mirror is on
 the machine $some.kernel.org, on which I was given an account
-when I took over git maintainership from Linus.
+when I took over Git maintainership from Linus.
 
 The directories relevant to this how-to are these two:
 
-    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public git repository.
+    /pub/scm/git/git.git/	The public Git repository.
     /pub/software/scm/git/docs/	The HTML documentation page.
 
 So I made a repository to generate the documentation under my
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ script:
     EOF
 
 Initially I used to run this by hand whenever I push into the
-public git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
+public Git repository.  Then I did a cron job that ran twice a
 day.  The current round uses the post-update hook mechanism,
 like this:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
index 323b513ed0..1b3b188d3c 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.txt
@@ -3,18 +3,24 @@ From: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
 Subject: corrupt object on git-gc
 Abstract: Some tricks to reconstruct blob objects in order to fix
  a corrupted repository.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
+How to recover a corrupted blob object
+======================================
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 On Fri, 9 Nov 2007, Yossi Leybovich wrote:
 >
 > Did not help still the repository look for this object?
 > Any one know how can I track this object and understand which file is it
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 
-So exactly *because* the SHA1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
+So exactly *because* the SHA-1 hash is cryptographically secure, the hash
 itself doesn't actually tell you anything, in order to fix a corrupt
 object you basically have to find the "original source" for it.
 
 The easiest way to do that is almost always to have backups, and find the
-same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and git makes
+same object somewhere else. Backups really are a good idea, and Git makes
 it pretty easy (if nothing else, just clone the repository somewhere else,
 and make sure that you do *not* use a hard-linked clone, and preferably
 not the same disk/machine).
@@ -31,19 +37,23 @@ original object, so right now the corrupt object is useless, but it's very
 interesting for the future, in the hope that you can re-create a
 non-corrupt version.
 
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 So:
 
 > ib]$ mv .git/objects/4b/9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200 ../
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 This is the right thing to do, although it's usually best to save it under
-it's full SHA1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
+it's full SHA-1 name (you just dropped the "4b" from the result ;).
 
 Let's see what that tells us:
 
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 > ib]$ git-fsck --full
 > broken link from    tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
 >              to    blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
 > missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
+-----------------------------------------------------------
 
 Ok, I removed the "dangling commit" messages, because they are just
 messages about the fact that you probably have rebased etc, so they're not
@@ -79,7 +89,7 @@ working tree, in which case fixing this problem is really simple, just do
 
 	git hash-object -w my-magic-file
 
-again, and if it outputs the missing SHA1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
+again, and if it outputs the missing SHA-1 (4b945..) you're now all done!
 
 But that's the really lucky case, so let's assume that it was some older
 version that was broken. How do you tell which version it was?
@@ -124,7 +134,7 @@ and your repository is good again!
 	git log --raw --all
 
 and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
-whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+whole thing. It's up to you - Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 Trying to recreate trees and especially commits is *much* harder. So you
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23e685d8ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2013 04:34:01 -0400
+From: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
+Subject: pack corruption post-mortem
+Abstract: Recovering a corrupted object when no good copy is available.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to recover an object from scratch
+=====================================
+
+I was recently presented with a repository with a corrupted packfile,
+and was asked if the data was recoverable. This post-mortem describes
+the steps I took to investigate and fix the problem. I thought others
+might find the process interesting, and it might help somebody in the
+same situation.
+
+********************************
+Note: In this case, no good copy of the repository was available. For
+the much easier case where you can get the corrupted object from
+elsewhere, see link:recover-corrupted-blob-object.html[this howto].
+********************************
+
+I started with an fsck, which found a problem with exactly one object
+(I've used $pack and $obj below to keep the output readable, and also
+because I'll refer to them later):
+
+-----------
+    $ git fsck
+    error: $pack SHA1 checksum mismatch
+    error: index CRC mismatch for object $obj from $pack at offset 51653873
+    error: inflate: data stream error (incorrect data check)
+    error: cannot unpack $obj from $pack at offset 51653873
+-----------
+
+The pack checksum failing means a byte is munged somewhere, and it is
+presumably in the object mentioned (since both the index checksum and
+zlib were failing).
+
+Reading the zlib source code, I found that "incorrect data check" means
+that the adler-32 checksum at the end of the zlib data did not match the
+inflated data. So stepping the data through zlib would not help, as it
+did not fail until the very end, when we realize the CRC does not match.
+The problematic bytes could be anywhere in the object data.
+
+The first thing I did was pull the broken data out of the packfile. I
+needed to know how big the object was, which I found out with:
+
+------------
+    $ git show-index <$idx | cut -d' ' -f1 | sort -n | grep -A1 51653873
+    51653873
+    51664736
+------------
+
+Show-index gives us the list of objects and their offsets. We throw away
+everything but the offsets, and then sort them so that our interesting
+offset (which we got from the fsck output above) is followed immediately
+by the offset of the next object. Now we know that the object data is
+10863 bytes long, and we can grab it with:
+
+------------
+  dd if=$pack of=object bs=1 skip=51653873 count=10863
+------------
+
+I inspected a hexdump of the data, looking for any obvious bogosity
+(e.g., a 4K run of zeroes would be a good sign of filesystem
+corruption). But everything looked pretty reasonable.
+
+Note that the "object" file isn't fit for feeding straight to zlib; it
+has the git packed object header, which is variable-length. We want to
+strip that off so we can start playing with the zlib data directly. You
+can either work your way through it manually (the format is described in
+link:../technical/pack-format.html[Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt]),
+or you can walk through it in a debugger. I did the latter, creating a
+valid pack like:
+
+------------
+    # pack magic and version
+    printf 'PACK\0\0\0\2' >tmp.pack
+    # pack has one object
+    printf '\0\0\0\1' >>tmp.pack
+    # now add our object data
+    cat object >>tmp.pack
+    # and then append the pack trailer
+    /path/to/git.git/test-sha1 -b <tmp.pack >trailer
+    cat trailer >>tmp.pack
+------------
+
+and then running "git index-pack tmp.pack" in the debugger (stop at
+unpack_raw_entry). Doing this, I found that there were 3 bytes of header
+(and the header itself had a sane type and size). So I stripped those
+off with:
+
+------------
+    dd if=object of=zlib bs=1 skip=3
+------------
+
+I ran the result through zlib's inflate using a custom C program. And
+while it did report the error, I did get the right number of output
+bytes (i.e., it matched git's size header that we decoded above). But
+feeding the result back to "git hash-object" didn't produce the same
+sha1. So there were some wrong bytes, but I didn't know which. The file
+happened to be C source code, so I hoped I could notice something
+obviously wrong with it, but I didn't. I even got it to compile!
+
+I also tried comparing it to other versions of the same path in the
+repository, hoping that there would be some part of the diff that didn't
+make sense. Unfortunately, this happened to be the only revision of this
+particular file in the repository, so I had nothing to compare against.
+
+So I took a different approach. Working under the guess that the
+corruption was limited to a single byte, I wrote a program to munge each
+byte individually, and try inflating the result. Since the object was
+only 10K compressed, that worked out to about 2.5M attempts, which took
+a few minutes.
+
+The program I used is here:
+
+----------------------------------------------
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+static int try_zlib(unsigned char *buf, int len)
+{
+	/* make this absurdly large so we don't have to loop */
+	static unsigned char out[1024*1024];
+	z_stream z;
+	int ret;
+
+	memset(&z, 0, sizeof(z));
+	inflateInit(&z);
+
+	z.next_in = buf;
+	z.avail_in = len;
+	z.next_out = out;
+	z.avail_out = sizeof(out);
+
+	ret = inflate(&z, 0);
+	inflateEnd(&z);
+	return ret >= 0;
+}
+
+/* eye candy */
+static int counter = 0;
+static void progress(int sig)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "\r%d", counter);
+	alarm(1);
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	/* oversized so we can read the whole buffer in */
+	unsigned char buf[1024*1024];
+	int len;
+	unsigned i, j;
+
+	signal(SIGALRM, progress);
+	alarm(1);
+
+	len = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		unsigned char c = buf[i];
+		for (j = 0; j <= 0xff; j++) {
+			buf[i] = j;
+
+			counter++;
+			if (try_zlib(buf, len))
+				printf("i=%d, j=%x\n", i, j);
+		}
+		buf[i] = c;
+	}
+
+	alarm(0);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+----------------------------------------------
+
+I compiled and ran with:
+
+-------
+  gcc -Wall -Werror -O3 munge.c -o munge -lz
+  ./munge <zlib
+-------
+
+
+There were a few false positives early on (if you write "no data" in the
+zlib header, zlib thinks it's just fine :) ). But I got a hit about
+halfway through:
+
+-------
+  i=5642, j=c7
+-------
+
+I let it run to completion, and got a few more hits at the end (where it
+was munging the CRC to match our broken data). So there was a good
+chance this middle hit was the source of the problem.
+
+I confirmed by tweaking the byte in a hex editor, zlib inflating the
+result (no errors!), and then piping the output into "git hash-object",
+which reported the sha1 of the broken object. Success!
+
+I fixed the packfile itself with:
+
+-------
+  chmod +w $pack
+  printf '\xc7' | dd of=$pack bs=1 seek=51659518 conv=notrunc
+  chmod -w $pack
+-------
+
+The `\xc7` comes from the replacement byte our "munge" program found.
+The offset 51659518 is derived by taking the original object offset
+(51653873), adding the replacement offset found by "munge" (5642), and
+then adding back in the 3 bytes of git header we stripped.
+
+After that, "git fsck" ran clean.
+
+As for the corruption itself, I was lucky that it was indeed a single
+byte. In fact, it turned out to be a single bit. The byte 0xc7 was
+corrupted to 0xc5. So presumably it was caused by faulty hardware, or a
+cosmic ray.
+
+And the aborted attempt to look at the inflated output to see what was
+wrong? I could have looked forever and never found it. Here's the diff
+between what the corrupted data inflates to, versus the real data:
+
+--------------
+  -       cp = strtok (arg, "+");
+  +       cp = strtok (arg, ".");
+--------------
+
+It tweaked one byte and still ended up as valid, readable C that just
+happened to do something totally different! One takeaway is that on a
+less unlucky day, looking at the zlib output might have actually been
+helpful, as most random changes would actually break the C code.
+
+But more importantly, git's hashing and checksumming noticed a problem
+that easily could have gone undetected in another system. The result
+still compiled, but would have caused an interesting bug (that would
+have been blamed on some random commit).
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
index 6fd711996a..462255ed5d 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ Abstract: Sometimes a branch that was already merged to the mainline
  after the offending branch is fixed.
 Message-ID: <7vocz8a6zk.fsf@gitster.siamese.dyndns.org>
 References: <alpine.LFD.2.00.0812181949450.14014@localhost.localdomain>
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to revert a faulty merge
+============================
 
 Alan <alan@clueserver.org> said:
 
@@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ where A and B are on the side development that was not so good, M is the
 merge that brings these premature changes into the mainline, x are changes
 unrelated to what the side branch did and already made on the mainline,
 and W is the "revert of the merge M" (doesn't W look M upside down?).
-IOW, "diff W^..W" is similar to "diff -R M^..M".
+IOW, `"diff W^..W"` is similar to `"diff -R M^..M"`.
 
 Such a "revert" of a merge can be made with:
 
@@ -50,7 +54,7 @@ where C and D are to fix what was broken in A and B, and you may already
 have some other changes on the mainline after W.
 
 If you merge the updated side branch (with D at its tip), none of the
-changes made in A nor B will be in the result, because they were reverted
+changes made in A or B will be in the result, because they were reverted
 by W.  That is what Alan saw.
 
 Linus explains the situation:
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ with:
     $ git revert W
 
 This history would (ignoring possible conflicts between what W and W..Y
-changed) be equivalent to not having W nor Y at all in the history:
+changed) be equivalent to not having W or Y at all in the history:
 
  ---o---o---o---M---x---x-------x----
 	       /
@@ -117,9 +121,9 @@ If you reverted the revert in such a case as in the previous example:
        ---A---B                   A'--B'--C'
 
 where Y is the revert of W, A' and B' are rerolled A and B, and there may
-also be a further fix-up C' on the side branch.  "diff Y^..Y" is similar
-to "diff -R W^..W" (which in turn means it is similar to "diff M^..M"),
-and "diff A'^..C'" by definition would be similar but different from that,
+also be a further fix-up C' on the side branch.  `"diff Y^..Y"` is similar
+to `"diff -R W^..W"` (which in turn means it is similar to `"diff M^..M"`),
+and `"diff A'^..C'"` by definition would be similar but different from that,
 because it is a rerolled series of the earlier change.  There will be a
 lot of overlapping changes that result in conflicts.  So do not do "revert
 of revert" blindly without thinking..
@@ -160,7 +164,7 @@ merged. So it's debugging hell, because now you don't have lots of small
 changes that you can try to pinpoint which _part_ of it changes.
 
 But does it all work? Sure it does. You can revert a merge, and from a
-purely technical angle, git did it very naturally and had no real
+purely technical angle, Git did it very naturally and had no real
 troubles. It just considered it a change from "state before merge" to
 "state after merge", and that was it. Nothing complicated, nothing odd,
 nothing really dangerous. Git will do it without even thinking about it.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
index 093c656048..149508e13b 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/revert-branch-rebase.txt
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ Date: Mon, 29 Aug 2005 21:39:02 -0700
 Content-type: text/asciidoc
 Message-ID: <7voe7g3uop.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
 
-Reverting an existing commit
-============================
+How to revert an existing commit
+================================
 
 One of the changes I pulled into the 'master' branch turns out to
-break building GIT with GCC 2.95.  While they were well intentioned
+break building Git with GCC 2.95.  While they were well-intentioned
 portability fixes, keeping things working with gcc-2.95 was also
 important.  Here is what I did to revert the change in the 'master'
-branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core GIT tools and
+branch and to adjust the 'pu' branch, using core Git tools and
 barebone Porcelain.
 
 First, prepare a throw-away branch in case I screw things up.
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ $ make clean test ;# make sure it did not cause other breakage.
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 Everything is in the good order.  I do not need the temporary branch
-nor tag anymore, so remove them:
+or tag anymore, so remove them:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ rm -f .git/refs/tags/pu-anchor
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ $ git pull . master
 Packing 0 objects
 Unpacking 0 objects
 
-* committish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
+* commit-ish: e3a693c...	refs/heads/master from .
 Trying to merge e3a693c... into 8c1f5f0... using 10d781b...
 Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f
  cache.h        |    8 ++++----
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt b/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
index 6d3eb8ed00..bd1027433b 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/separating-topic-branches.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 From: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 Subject: Separating topic branches
 Abstract: In this article, JC describes how to separate topic branches.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to separate topic branches
+==============================
 
 This text was originally a footnote to a discussion about the
 behaviour of the git diff commands.
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
index 622ee5c8dd..f44e5e9458 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 From: Rutger Nijlunsing <rutger@nospam.com>
-Subject: Setting up a git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
+Subject: Setting up a Git repository which can be pushed into and pulled from over HTTP(S).
 Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2006 22:00:26 +0200
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to setup Git server over http
+=================================
+
+NOTE: This document is from 2006.  A lot has happened since then, and this
+document is now relevant mainly if your web host is not CGI capable.
+Almost everyone else should instead look at linkgit:git-http-backend[1].
 
 Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile
 themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat's dream Debian, it is
@@ -40,20 +48,20 @@ What's needed:
 
 - have permissions to chown a directory
 
-- have git installed on the client, and
+- have Git installed on the client, and
 
-- either have git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
+- either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
   the client.
 
 In effect, this means you're going to be root, or that you're using a
 preconfigured WebDAV server.
 
 
-Step 1: setup a bare GIT repository
+Step 1: setup a bare Git repository
 -----------------------------------
 
-At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a GIT
-repository. So we have to do that at the server side with git. Another
+At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git
+repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another
 option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy
 it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git
 is not installed on the server).
@@ -77,8 +85,8 @@ Initialize a bare repository
     $ git --bare init
 
 
-Change the ownership to your web-server's credentials. Use "grep ^User
-httpd.conf" and "grep ^Group httpd.conf" to find out:
+Change the ownership to your web-server's credentials. Use `"grep ^User
+httpd.conf"` and `"grep ^Group httpd.conf"` to find out:
 
     $ chown -R www.www .
 
@@ -173,7 +181,7 @@ On Debian:
 
    Most tests should pass.
 
-A command line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for
+A command-line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for
 example, konqueror can open WebDAV URLs as "webdav://..." or
 "webdavs://...".
 
@@ -185,7 +193,7 @@ http://<servername>/my-new-repo.git [x] Open as webfolder -> login .
 Step 3: setup the client
 ------------------------
 
-Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your git was built with
+Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with
 libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command 'git http-push' with
 no argument should display a usage message.
 
@@ -264,7 +272,7 @@ Reading /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log is often helpful.
 
   On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.
 
-If you access HTTPS locations, git may fail verifying the SSL
+If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL
 certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can
 help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt b/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
index b7f8d416d6..a5193b1e5c 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/update-hook-example.txt
@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ Message-ID: <7vfypumlu3.fsf@assigned-by-dhcp.cox.net>
 Abstract: An example hooks/update script is presented to
  implement repository maintenance policies, such as who can push
  into which branch and who can make a tag.
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
+How to use the update hook
+==========================
 
 When your developer runs git-push into the repository,
 git-receive-pack is run (either locally or over ssh) as that
@@ -32,8 +36,7 @@ like this as your hooks/update script.
 [jc: editorial note.  This is a much improved version by Carl
 since I posted the original outline]
 
--- >8 -- beginning of script -- >8 --
-
+----------------------------------------------------
 #!/bin/bash
 
 umask 002
@@ -111,12 +114,12 @@ then
 
       info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
       for user_pattern in $user_patterns; do
-	info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
-	matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
-	if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
-	then
-	  grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
-	fi
+        info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
+        matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
+        if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
+        then
+          grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
+        fi
       done
       deny "The user is not in the access list for this branch"
     done
@@ -149,13 +152,13 @@ then
 
       info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
       for group_pattern in $group_patterns; do
-	for groupname in $groups; do
-	  info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
-	  matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
-	  if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
-	  then
-	    grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
-	  fi
+        for groupname in $groups; do
+          info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
+          matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
+          if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
+          then
+            grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
+          fi
         done
       done
       deny "None of the user's groups are in the access list for this branch"
@@ -169,24 +172,21 @@ then
 fi
 
 deny >/dev/null "There are no more rules to check.  Denying access"
-
--- >8 -- end of script -- >8 --
+----------------------------------------------------
 
 This uses two files, $GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users and
 allowed-groups, to describe which heads can be pushed into by
 whom.  The format of each file would look like this:
 
-        refs/heads/master	junio
-	+refs/heads/pu		junio
-        refs/heads/cogito$	pasky
-        refs/heads/bw/.*	linus
-        refs/heads/tmp/.*	.*
-        refs/tags/v[0-9].*	junio
+    refs/heads/master   junio
+    +refs/heads/pu      junio
+    refs/heads/cogito$  pasky
+    refs/heads/bw/.*    linus
+    refs/heads/tmp/.*   .*
+    refs/tags/v[0-9].*  junio
 
 With this, Linus can push or create "bw/penguin" or "bw/zebra"
 or "bw/panda" branches, Pasky can do only "cogito", and JC can
 do master and pu branches and make versioned tags.  And anybody
 can do tmp/blah branches. The '+' sign at the pu record means
 that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.
-
-------------
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
index 4e2f75cb61..7af2e52cf3 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/use-git-daemon.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+Content-type: text/asciidoc
+
 How to use git-daemon
+=====================
 
 Git can be run in inetd mode and in stand alone mode. But all you want is
-let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a git server
+let a coworker pull from you, and therefore need to set up a Git server
 real quick, right?
 
 Note that git-daemon is not really chatty at the moment, especially when
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt b/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt
index 2933056120..1ae8d1214e 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/using-merge-subtree.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ What you want is the 'subtree' merge strategy, which helps you in such a
 situation.
 
 In this example, let's say you have the repository at `/path/to/B` (but
-it can be an URL as well, if you want). You want to merge the 'master'
+it can be a URL as well, if you want). You want to merge the 'master'
 branch of that repository to the `dir-B` subdirectory in your current
 branch.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt b/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
index 98c0033a55..bbf040eda8 100644
--- a/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
+++ b/Documentation/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.txt
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ Abstract: Beginning v1.7.9, a contributor can push a signed tag to her
  later validate it.
 Content-type: text/asciidoc
 
-Using signed tag in pull requests
-=================================
+How to use a signed tag in pull requests
+========================================
 
 A typical distributed workflow using Git is for a contributor to fork a
 project, build on it, publish the result to her public repository, and ask
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Earlier, a typical pull request may have started like this:
 
    Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700)
 
- are available in the git repository at:
+ are available in the Git repository at:
 
    example.com:/git/froboz.git for-xyzzy
 ------------
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ The resulting msg.txt file begins like so:
 
    Froboz 3.2 (2011-09-30 14:20:57 -0700)
 
- are available in the git repository at:
+ are available in the Git repository at:
 
    example.com:/git/froboz.git tags/frotz-for-xyzzy
 
diff --git a/Documentation/i18n.txt b/Documentation/i18n.txt
index 625d3154ea..e9a1d5d25a 100644
--- a/Documentation/i18n.txt
+++ b/Documentation/i18n.txt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.
+At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic.
 
  - The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects
    are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes.
    What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared
-   with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
+   with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
    to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts.  There is no such
    thing as pathname encoding translation.
 
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.
    bytes.
 
 Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
-in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to
+in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to
 force UTF-8 on projects.  If all participants of a particular
-project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git
+project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git
 does not forbid it.  However, there are a few things to keep in
 mind.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh b/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh
index 76d69a907b..ed8b4ff3e5 100755
--- a/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh
+++ b/Documentation/install-webdoc.sh
@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ do
 	else
 		echo >&2 "# install $h $T/$h"
 		rm -f "$T/$h"
-		mkdir -p `dirname "$T/$h"`
+		mkdir -p $(dirname "$T/$h")
 		cp "$h" "$T/$h"
 	fi
 done
-strip_leading=`echo "$T/" | sed -e 's|.|.|g'`
+strip_leading=$(echo "$T/" | sed -e 's|.|.|g')
 for th in \
 	"$T"/*.html "$T"/*.txt \
 	"$T"/howto/*.txt "$T"/howto/*.html \
 	"$T"/technical/*.txt "$T"/technical/*.html
 do
-	h=`expr "$th" : "$strip_leading"'\(.*\)'`
+	h=$(expr "$th" : "$strip_leading"'\(.*\)')
 	case "$h" in
 	RelNotes-*.txt | index.html) continue ;;
 	esac
diff --git a/Documentation/line-range-format.txt b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7f26039ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/line-range-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<start> and <end> can take one of these forms:
+
+- number
++
+If <start> or <end> is a number, it specifies an
+absolute line number (lines count from 1).
++
+
+- /regex/
++
+This form will use the first line matching the given
+POSIX regex. If <start> is a regex, it will search from the end of
+the previous `-L` range, if any, otherwise from the start of file.
+If <start> is ``^/regex/'', it will search from the start of file.
+If <end> is a regex, it will search
+starting at the line given by <start>.
++
+
+- +offset or -offset
++
+This is only valid for <end> and will specify a number
+of lines before or after the line given by <start>.
+
++
+If ``:<regex>'' is given in place of <start> and <end>, it denotes the range
+from the first funcname line that matches <regex>, up to the next
+funcname line. ``:<regex>'' searches from the end of the previous `-L` range,
+if any, otherwise from the start of file.
+``^:<regex>'' searches from the start of file.
diff --git a/Documentation/mailmap.txt b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
index 288f04e70c..4a8c276529 100644
--- a/Documentation/mailmap.txt
+++ b/Documentation/mailmap.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 If the file `.mailmap` exists at the toplevel of the repository, or at
-the location pointed to by the mailmap.file configuration option, it
+the location pointed to by the mailmap.file or mailmap.blob
+configuration options, it
 is used to map author and committer names and email addresses to
 canonical real names and email addresses.
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ Jane Doe         <jane@desktop.(none)>
 Joe R. Developer <joe@example.com>
 ------------
 
-Note how there is no need for an entry for <jane@laptop.(none)>, because the
+Note how there is no need for an entry for `<jane@laptop.(none)>`, because the
 real name of that author is already correct.
 
 Example 2: Your repository contains commits from the following
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-config.txt b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
index 861bd6f553..8a0e52f8ee 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-config.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-merge.conflictstyle::
+merge.conflictStyle::
 	Specify the style in which conflicted hunks are written out to
 	working tree files upon merge.  The default is "merge", which
 	shows a `<<<<<<<` conflict marker, changes made by one side,
@@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ merge.conflictstyle::
 merge.defaultToUpstream::
 	If merge is called without any commit argument, merge the upstream
 	branches configured for the current branch by using their last
-	observed values stored in their remote tracking branches.
+	observed values stored in their remote-tracking branches.
 	The values of the `branch.<current branch>.merge` that name the
 	branches at the remote named by `branch.<current branch>.remote`
 	are consulted, and then they are mapped via `remote.<remote>.fetch`
-	to their corresponding remote tracking branches, and the tips of
+	to their corresponding remote-tracking branches, and the tips of
 	these tracking branches are merged.
 
 merge.ff::
-	By default, git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
+	By default, Git does not create an extra merge commit when merging
 	a commit that is a descendant of the current commit. Instead, the
 	tip of the current branch is fast-forwarded. When set to `false`,
-	this variable tells git to create an extra merge commit in such
+	this variable tells Git to create an extra merge commit in such
 	a case (equivalent to giving the `--no-ff` option from the command
 	line). When set to `only`, only such fast-forward merges are
 	allowed (equivalent to giving the `--ff-only` option from the
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ merge.renameLimit::
 	diff.renameLimit.
 
 merge.renormalize::
-	Tell git that canonical representation of files in the
+	Tell Git that canonical representation of files in the
 	repository has changed over time (e.g. earlier commits record
 	text files with CRLF line endings, but recent ones use LF line
-	endings).  In such a repository, git can convert the data
+	endings).  In such a repository, Git can convert the data
 	recorded in commits to a canonical form before performing a
 	merge to reduce unnecessary conflicts.  For more information,
 	see section "Merging branches with differing checkin/checkout
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ merge.stat::
 	at the end of the merge.  True by default.
 
 merge.tool::
-	Controls which merge resolution program is used by
-	linkgit:git-mergetool[1].  Valid built-in values are: "araxis",
-	"bc3", "diffuse", "ecmerge", "emerge", "gvimdiff", "kdiff3", "meld",
-	"opendiff", "p4merge", "tkdiff", "tortoisemerge", "vimdiff"
-	and "xxdiff".  Any other value is treated is custom merge tool
-	and there must be a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd option.
+	Controls which merge tool is used by linkgit:git-mergetool[1].
+	The list below shows the valid built-in values.
+	Any other value is treated as a custom merge tool and requires
+	that a corresponding mergetool.<tool>.cmd variable is defined.
+
+include::mergetools-merge.txt[]
 
 merge.verbosity::
 	Controls the amount of output shown by the recursive merge
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-options.txt b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
index 0bcbe0ac3c..f08e9b80c5 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-options.txt
@@ -8,14 +8,18 @@ failed and do not autocommit, to give the user a chance to
 inspect and further tweak the merge result before committing.
 
 --edit::
+-e::
 --no-edit::
 	Invoke an editor before committing successful mechanical merge to
 	further edit the auto-generated merge message, so that the user
 	can explain and justify the merge. The `--no-edit` option can be
 	used to accept the auto-generated message (this is generally
-	discouraged). The `--edit` option is still useful if you are
-	giving a draft message with the `-m` option from the command line
-	and want to edit it in the editor.
+	discouraged).
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+The `--edit` (or `-e`) option is still useful if you are
+giving a draft message with the `-m` option from the command line
+and want to edit it in the editor.
+endif::git-pull[]
 +
 Older scripts may depend on the historical behaviour of not allowing the
 user to edit the merge log message. They will see an editor opened when
@@ -30,7 +34,8 @@ set to `no` at the beginning of them.
 
 --no-ff::
 	Create a merge commit even when the merge resolves as a
-	fast-forward.
+	fast-forward.  This is the default behaviour when merging an
+	annotated (and possibly signed) tag.
 
 --ff-only::
 	Refuse to merge and exit with a non-zero status unless the
@@ -58,14 +63,13 @@ merge.
 
 --squash::
 --no-squash::
-	Produce the working tree and index state as if a real
-	merge happened (except for the merge information),
-	but do not actually make a commit or
-	move the `HEAD`, nor record `$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD` to
-	cause the next `git commit` command to create a merge
-	commit.  This allows you to create a single commit on
-	top of the current branch whose effect is the same as
-	merging another branch (or more in case of an octopus).
+	Produce the working tree and index state as if a real merge
+	happened (except for the merge information), but do not actually
+	make a commit, move the `HEAD`, or record `$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD`
+	(to cause the next `git commit` command to create a merge
+	commit).  This allows you to create a single commit on top of
+	the current branch whose effect is the same as merging another
+	branch (or more in case of an octopus).
 +
 With --no-squash perform the merge and commit the result. This
 option can be used to override --squash.
@@ -83,6 +87,11 @@ option can be used to override --squash.
 	Pass merge strategy specific option through to the merge
 	strategy.
 
+--verify-signatures::
+--no-verify-signatures::
+	Verify that the commits being merged have good and trusted GPG signatures
+	and abort the merge in case they do not.
+
 --summary::
 --no-summary::
 	Synonyms to --stat and --no-stat; these are deprecated and will be
diff --git a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
index 595a3cf1a7..7bbd19b300 100644
--- a/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
+++ b/Documentation/merge-strategies.txt
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 MERGE STRATEGIES
 ----------------
 
-The merge mechanism ('git-merge' and 'git-pull' commands) allows the
+The merge mechanism (`git merge` and `git pull` commands) allows the
 backend 'merge strategies' to be chosen with `-s` option.  Some strategies
 can also take their own options, which can be passed by giving `-X<option>`
-arguments to 'git-merge' and/or 'git-pull'.
+arguments to `git merge` and/or `git pull`.
 
 resolve::
 	This can only resolve two heads (i.e. the current branch
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ recursive::
 	merged tree of the common ancestors and uses that as
 	the reference tree for the 3-way merge.  This has been
 	reported to result in fewer merge conflicts without
-	causing mis-merges by tests done on actual merge commits
+	causing mismerges by tests done on actual merge commits
 	taken from Linux 2.6 kernel development history.
 	Additionally this can detect and handle merges involving
 	renames.  This is the default merge strategy when
@@ -32,13 +32,14 @@ ours;;
 	This option forces conflicting hunks to be auto-resolved cleanly by
 	favoring 'our' version.  Changes from the other tree that do not
 	conflict with our side are reflected to the merge result.
+	For a binary file, the entire contents are taken from our side.
 +
 This should not be confused with the 'ours' merge strategy, which does not
 even look at what the other tree contains at all.  It discards everything
 the other tree did, declaring 'our' history contains all that happened in it.
 
 theirs;;
-	This is opposite of 'ours'.
+	This is the opposite of 'ours'.
 
 patience;;
 	With this option, 'merge-recursive' spends a little extra time
@@ -47,6 +48,12 @@ patience;;
 	this when the branches to be merged have diverged wildly.
 	See also linkgit:git-diff[1] `--patience`.
 
+diff-algorithm=[patience|minimal|histogram|myers];;
+	Tells 'merge-recursive' to use a different diff algorithm, which
+	can help avoid mismerges that occur due to unimportant matching
+	lines (such as braces from distinct functions).  See also
+	linkgit:git-diff[1] `--diff-algorithm`.
+
 ignore-space-change;;
 ignore-all-space;;
 ignore-space-at-eol;;
@@ -106,3 +113,11 @@ subtree::
 	match the tree structure of A, instead of reading the trees at
 	the same level. This adjustment is also done to the common
 	ancestor tree.
+
+With the strategies that use 3-way merge (including the default, 'recursive'),
+if a change is made on both branches, but later reverted on one of the
+branches, that change will be present in the merged result; some people find
+this behavior confusing.  It occurs because only the heads and the merge base
+are considered when performing a merge, not the individual commits.  The merge
+algorithm therefore considers the reverted change as no change at all, and
+substitutes the changed version instead.
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
index 880b6f2e6f..dcf7429a47 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-formats.txt
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ This is designed to be as compact as possible.
 * 'raw'
 +
 The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
-stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA1s are
+stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA-1s are
 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
 --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
-true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
+true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
 simplification into account.
 
 * 'format:<string>'
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ would show something like this:
 The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
 The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
 
---------
+-------
 +
 The placeholders are:
 
@@ -106,56 +106,90 @@ The placeholders are:
 - '%P': parent hashes
 - '%p': abbreviated parent hashes
 - '%an': author name
-- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
+  or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ae': author email
-- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)
 - '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style
 - '%ar': author date, relative
 - '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp
-- '%ai': author date, ISO 8601 format
+- '%ai': author date, ISO 8601-like format
+- '%aI': author date, strict ISO 8601 format
 - '%cn': committer name
-- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ce': committer email
-- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
-- '%cd': committer date
+- '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%cd': committer date (format respects --date= option)
 - '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style
 - '%cr': committer date, relative
 - '%ct': committer date, UNIX timestamp
-- '%ci': committer date, ISO 8601 format
+- '%ci': committer date, ISO 8601-like format
+- '%cI': committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
 - '%d': ref names, like the --decorate option of linkgit:git-log[1]
+- '%D': ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
 - '%e': encoding
 - '%s': subject
 - '%f': sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
 - '%b': body
 - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
 - '%N': commit notes
-- '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@\{1\}`
-- '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@\{1\}`
+- '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
+- '%G?': show "G" for a Good signature, "B" for a Bad signature, "U" for a good,
+  untrusted signature and "N" for no signature
+- '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit
+- '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit
+- '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}`
+- '%gd': shortened reflog selector, e.g., `stash@{1}`
 - '%gn': reflog identity name
-- '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%ge': reflog identity email
-- '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
+- '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
+  linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
 - '%gs': reflog subject
 - '%Cred': switch color to red
 - '%Cgreen': switch color to green
 - '%Cblue': switch color to blue
 - '%Creset': reset color
-- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
+- '%C(...)': color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option;
+  adding `auto,` at the beginning will emit color only when colors are
+  enabled for log output (by `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and
+  respecting the `auto` settings of the former if we are going to a
+  terminal). `auto` alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring
+  on the next placeholders until the color is switched again.
 - '%m': left, right or boundary mark
 - '%n': newline
 - '%%': a raw '%'
 - '%x00': print a byte from a hex code
 - '%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
   linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
+- '%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])': make the next placeholder take at
+  least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
+  Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc)
+  or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns.
+  Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.
+- '%<|(<N>)': make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
+  columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
+- '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+  respectively, but padding spaces on the left
+- '%>>(<N>)', '%>>|(<N>)': similar to '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)'
+  respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
+  than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces
+- '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '% <(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
+  respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
 
 NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
 revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
 insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
-`git log -g`). The `%d` placeholder will use the "short" decoration
-format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command line.
+`git log -g`). The `%d` and `%D` placeholders will use the "short"
+decoration format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command
+line.
 
-If you add a `{plus}` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed
+If you add a `+` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed
 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
index 2a3dc8664f..74aa01a0ec 100644
--- a/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pretty-options.txt
@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@
 
 	Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
 	where '<format>' can be one of 'oneline', 'short', 'medium',
-	'full', 'fuller', 'email', 'raw' and 'format:<string>'.  See
-	the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
-	format.  When omitted, the format defaults to 'medium'.
+	'full', 'fuller', 'email', 'raw', 'format:<string>'
+	and 'tformat:<string>'.  When '<format>' is none of the above,
+	and has '%placeholder' in it, it acts as if
+	'--pretty=tformat:<format>' were given.
++
+See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
+format.  When '=<format>' part is omitted, it defaults to 'medium'.
 +
 Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
 configuration (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@ people using 80-column terminals.
 	This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
 	used together.
 
---encoding[=<encoding>]::
+--encoding=<encoding>::
 	The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
 	in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
 	command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
@@ -39,7 +43,7 @@ people using 80-column terminals.
 	Show the notes (see linkgit:git-notes[1]) that annotate the
 	commit, when showing the commit log message.  This is the default
 	for `git log`, `git show` and `git whatchanged` commands when
-	there is no `--pretty`, `--format` nor `--oneline` option given
+	there is no `--pretty`, `--format`, or `--oneline` option given
 	on the command line.
 +
 By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the
@@ -66,3 +70,7 @@ being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from
 --[no-]standard-notes::
 	These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes
 	options instead.
+
+--show-signature::
+	Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature
+	to `gpg --verify` and show the output.
diff --git a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt b/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index beba065252..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/pt_BR/gittutorial.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,675 +0,0 @@
-gittutorial(7)
-==============
-
-NOME
-----
-gittutorial - Um tutorial de introdução ao git (para versão 1.5.1 ou mais nova)
-
-SINOPSE
---------
-git *
-
-DESCRIÇÃO
------------
-
-Este tutorial explica como importar um novo projeto para o git,
-adicionar mudanças a ele, e compartilhar mudanças com outros
-desenvolvedores.
-
-Se, ao invés disso, você está interessado primariamente em usar git para
-obter um projeto, por exemplo, para testar a última versão, você pode
-preferir começar com os primeiros dois capítulos de
-link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário Git].
-
-Primeiro, note que você pode obter documentação para um comando como
-`git log --graph` com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ man git-log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-ou:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git help log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Com a última forma, você pode usar o visualizador de manual de sua
-escolha; veja linkgit:git-help[1] para maior informação.
-
-É uma boa idéia informar ao git seu nome e endereço público de email
-antes de fazer qualquer operação. A maneira mais fácil de fazê-lo é:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git config --global user.name "Seu Nome Vem Aqui"
-$ git config --global user.email voce@seudominio.exemplo.com
-------------------------------------------------
-
-
-Importando um novo projeto
------------------------
-
-Assuma que você tem um tarball project.tar.gz com seu trabalho inicial.
-Você pode colocá-lo sob controle de revisão git da seguinte forma:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ tar xzf project.tar.gz
-$ cd project
-$ git init
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Git irá responder
-
-------------------------------------------------
-Initialized empty Git repository in .git/
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Agora que você iniciou seu diretório de trabalho, você deve ter notado que um
-novo diretório foi criado com o nome de ".git".
-
-A seguir, diga ao git para gravar um instantâneo do conteúdo de todos os
-arquivos sob o diretório atual (note o '.'), com 'git-add':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add .
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Este instantâneo está agora armazenado em uma área temporária que o git
-chama de "index" ou índice. Você pode armazenar permanentemente o
-conteúdo do índice no repositório com 'git-commit':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto vai te pedir por uma mensagem de commit. Você agora gravou sua
-primeira versão de seu projeto no git.
-
-Fazendo mudanças
---------------
-
-Modifique alguns arquivos, e, então, adicione seu conteúdo atualizado ao
-índice:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git add file1 file2 file3
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Você está agora pronto para fazer o commit. Você pode ver o que está
-para ser gravado usando 'git-diff' com a opção --cached:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --cached
-------------------------------------------------
-
-(Sem --cached, o comando 'git-diff' irá te mostrar quaisquer mudanças
-que você tenha feito mas ainda não adicionou ao índice.) Você também
-pode obter um breve sumário da situação com 'git-status':
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git status
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   file1
-#	modified:   file2
-#	modified:   file3
-#
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você precisar fazer qualquer outro ajuste, faça-o agora, e, então,
-adicione qualquer conteúdo modificado ao índice. Finalmente, grave suas
-mudanças com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Ao executar esse comando, ele irá te pedir uma mensagem descrevendo a mudança,
-e, então, irá gravar a nova versão do projeto.
-
-Alternativamente, ao invés de executar 'git-add' antes, você pode usar
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-o que irá automaticamente notar quaisquer arquivos modificados (mas não
-novos), adicioná-los ao índices, e gravar, tudo em um único passo.
-
-Uma nota em mensagens de commit: Apesar de não ser exigido, é uma boa
-idéia começar a mensagem com uma simples e curta (menos de 50
-caracteres) linha sumarizando a mudança, seguida de uma linha em branco
-e, então, uma descrição mais detalhada. Ferramentas que transformam
-commits em email, por exemplo, usam a primeira linha no campo de
-cabeçalho "Subject:" e o resto no corpo.
-
-Git rastreia conteúdo, não arquivos
-----------------------------
-
-Muitos sistemas de controle de revisão provêem um comando `add` que diz
-ao sistema para começar a rastrear mudanças em um novo arquivo. O
-comando `add` do git faz algo mais simples e mais poderoso: 'git-add' é
-usado tanto para arquivos novos e arquivos recentemente modificados, e
-em ambos os casos, ele tira o instantâneo dos arquivos dados e armazena
-o conteúdo no índice, pronto para inclusão do próximo commit.
-
-Visualizando a história do projeto
------------------------
-
-Em qualquer ponto você pode visualizar a história das suas mudanças
-usando
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você também quiser ver a diferença completa a cada passo, use
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Geralmente, uma visão geral da mudança é útil para ter a sensação de
-cada passo
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git log --stat --summary
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Gerenciando "branches"/ramos
------------------
-
-Um simples repositório git pode manter múltiplos ramos de
-desenvolvimento. Para criar um novo ramo chamado "experimental", use
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se você executar agora
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch
-------------------------------------------------
-
-você vai obter uma lista de todos os ramos existentes:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-  experimental
-* master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-O ramo "experimental" é o que você acaba de criar, e o ramo "master" é o
-ramo padrão que foi criado pra você automaticamente. O asterisco marca
-o ramo em que você está atualmente; digite
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-para mudar para o ramo experimental. Agora edite um arquivo, grave a
-mudança, e mude de volta para o ramo master:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(edita arquivo)
-$ git commit -a
-$ git checkout master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Verifique que a mudança que você fez não está mais visível, já que ela
-foi feita no ramo experimental e você está de volta ao ramo master.
-
-Você pode fazer uma mudança diferente no ramo master:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(edit file)
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-neste ponto, os dois ramos divergiram, com diferentes mudanças feitas em
-cada um. Para unificar as mudanças feitas no experimental para o
-master, execute
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git merge experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Se as mudanças não conflitarem, estará pronto. Se existirem conflitos,
-marcadores serão deixados nos arquivos problemáticos exibindo o
-conflito;
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff
-------------------------------------------------
-
-vai exibir isto. Após você editar os arquivos para resolver os
-conflitos,
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git commit -a
-------------------------------------------------
-
-irá gravar o resultado da unificação. Finalmente,
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk
-------------------------------------------------
-
-vai mostrar uma bela representação gráfica da história resultante.
-
-Neste ponto você pode remover seu ramo experimental com
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git branch -d experimental
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Este comando garante que as mudanças no ramo experimental já estão no
-ramo atual.
-
-Se você desenvolve em um ramo ideia-louca, e se arrepende, você pode
-sempre remover o ramo com
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git branch -D ideia-louca
--------------------------------------
-
-Ramos são baratos e fáceis, então isto é uma boa maneira de experimentar
-alguma coisa.
-
-Usando git para colaboração
----------------------------
-
-Suponha que Alice começou um novo projeto com um repositório git em
-/home/alice/project, e que Bob, que tem um diretório home na mesma
-máquina, quer contribuir.
-
-Bob começa com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-bob$ git clone /home/alice/project myrepo
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isso cria um novo diretório "myrepo" contendo um clone do repositório de
-Alice. O clone está no mesmo pé que o projeto original, possuindo sua
-própria cópia da história do projeto original.
-
-Bob então faz algumas mudanças e as grava:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-(editar arquivos)
-bob$ git commit -a
-(repetir conforme necessário)
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Quanto está pronto, ele diz a Alice para puxar as mudanças do
-repositório em /home/bob/myrepo. Ela o faz com:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ cd /home/alice/project
-alice$ git pull /home/bob/myrepo master
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto unifica as mudanças do ramo "master" do Bob ao ramo atual de Alice.
-Se Alice fez suas próprias mudanças no intervalo, ela, então, pode
-precisar corrigir manualmente quaisquer conflitos. (Note que o argumento
-"master" no comando acima é, de fato, desnecessário, já que é o padrão.)
-
-O comando "pull" executa, então, duas operações: ele obtém mudanças de
-um ramo remoto, e, então, as unifica no ramo atual.
-
-Note que, em geral, Alice gostaria que suas mudanças locais fossem
-gravadas antes de iniciar este "pull". Se o trabalho de Bob conflita
-com o que Alice fez desde que suas histórias se ramificaram, Alice irá
-usar seu diretório de trabalho e o índice para resolver conflitos, e
-mudanças locais existentes irão interferir com o processo de resolução
-de conflitos (git ainda irá realizar a obtenção mas irá se recusar a
-unificar --- Alice terá que se livrar de suas mudanças locais de alguma
-forma e puxar de novo quando isso acontecer).
-
-Alice pode espiar o que Bob fez sem unificar primeiro, usando o comando
-"fetch"; isto permite Alice inspecionar o que Bob fez, usando um símbolo
-especial "FETCH_HEAD", com o fim de determinar se ele tem alguma coisa
-que vale puxar, assim:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ git fetch /home/bob/myrepo master
-alice$ git log -p HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Esta operação é segura mesmo se Alice tem mudanças locais não gravadas.
-A notação de intervalo "HEAD..FETCH_HEAD" significa mostrar tudo que é
-alcançável de FETCH_HEAD mas exclua tudo o que é alcançável de HEAD.
-Alice já sabe tudo que leva a seu estado atual (HEAD), e revisa o que Bob
-tem em seu estado (FETCH_HEAD) que ela ainda não viu com esse comando.
-
-Se Alice quer visualizar o que Bob fez desde que suas histórias se
-ramificaram, ela pode disparar o seguinte comando:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk HEAD..FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto usa a mesma notação de intervalo que vimos antes com 'git log'.
-
-Alice pode querer ver o que ambos fizeram desde que ramificaram. Ela
-pode usar a forma com três pontos ao invés da forma com dois pontos:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-$ gitk HEAD...FETCH_HEAD
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Isto significa "mostre tudo que é alcançável de qualquer um deles, mas
-exclua tudo que é alcançável a partir de ambos".
-
-Por favor, note que essas notações de intervalo podem ser usadas tanto
-com gitk quanto com "git log".
-
-Após inspecionar o que Bob fez, se não há nada urgente, Alice pode
-decidir continuar trabalhando sem puxar de Bob. Se a história de Bob
-tem alguma coisa que Alice precisa imediatamente, Alice pode optar por
-separar seu trabalho em progresso primeiro, fazer um "pull", e, então,
-finalmente, retomar seu trabalho em progresso em cima da história
-resultante.
-
-Quando você está trabalhando em um pequeno grupo unido, não é incomum
-interagir com o mesmo repositório várias e várias vezes. Definindo um
-repositório remoto antes de tudo, você pode fazê-lo mais facilmente:
-
-------------------------------------------------
-alice$ git remote add bob /home/bob/myrepo
-------------------------------------------------
-
-Com isso, Alice pode executar a primeira parte da operação "pull" usando
-o comando 'git-fetch' sem unificar suas mudanças com seu próprio ramo,
-usando:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git fetch bob
--------------------------------------
-
-Diferente da forma longa, quando Alice obteve de Bob usando um
-repositório remoto antes definido com 'git-remote', o que foi obtido é
-armazenado em um ramo remoto, neste caso `bob/master`. Então, após isso:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git log -p master..bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-mostra uma lista de todas as mudanças que Bob fez desde que ramificou do
-ramo master de Alice.
-
-Após examinar essas mudanças, Alice pode unificá-las em seu ramo master:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git merge bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Esse `merge` pode também ser feito puxando de seu próprio ramo remoto,
-assim:
-
--------------------------------------
-alice$ git pull . remotes/bob/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que 'git pull' sempre unifica ao ramo atual, independente do que
-mais foi passado na linha de comando.
-
-Depois, Bob pode atualizar seu repositório com as últimas mudanças de
-Alice, usando
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git pull
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que ele não precisa dar o caminho do repositório de Alice; quando
-Bob clonou seu repositório, o git armazenou a localização de seu
-repositório na configuração do mesmo, e essa localização é usada
-para puxar:
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git config --get remote.origin.url
-/home/alice/project
--------------------------------------
-
-(A configuração completa criada por 'git-clone' é visível usando `git
-config -l`, e a página de manual linkgit:git-config[1] explica o
-significado de cada opção.)
-
-Git também mantém uma cópia limpa do ramo master de Alice sob o nome
-"origin/master":
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git branch -r
-  origin/master
--------------------------------------
-
-Se Bob decidir depois em trabalhar em um host diferente, ele ainda pode
-executar clones e puxar usando o protocolo ssh:
-
--------------------------------------
-bob$ git clone alice.org:/home/alice/project myrepo
--------------------------------------
-
-Alternativamente, o git tem um protocolo nativo, ou pode usar rsync ou
-http; veja linkgit:git-pull[1] para detalhes.
-
-Git pode também ser usado em um modo parecido com CVS, com um
-repositório central para o qual vários usuários empurram modificações;
-veja linkgit:git-push[1] e linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
-
-Explorando história
------------------
-
-A história no git é representada como uma série de commits
-interrelacionados. Nós já vimos que o comando 'git-log' pode listar
-esses commits. Note que a primeira linha de cada entrada no log também
-dá o nome para o commit:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log
-commit c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
-Author: Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
-Date:   Tue May 16 17:18:22 2006 -0700
-
-    merge-base: Clarify the comments on post processing.
--------------------------------------
-
-Nós podemos dar este nome ao 'git-show' para ver os detalhes sobre este
-commit.
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show c82a22c39cbc32576f64f5c6b3f24b99ea8149c7
--------------------------------------
-
-Mas há outras formas de se referir aos commits. Você pode usar qualquer
-parte inicial do nome que seja longo o bastante para identificar
-unicamente o commit:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show c82a22c39c	# os primeiros caracteres do nome são o bastante
-			# usualmente
-$ git show HEAD		# a ponta do ramo atual
-$ git show experimental	# a ponta do ramo "experimental"
--------------------------------------
-
-Todo commit normalmente tem um commit "pai" que aponta para o estado
-anterior do projeto:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show HEAD^  # para ver o pai de HEAD
-$ git show HEAD^^ # para ver o avô de HEAD
-$ git show HEAD~4 # para ver o trisavô de HEAD
--------------------------------------
-
-Note que commits de unificação podem ter mais de um pai:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show HEAD^1 # mostra o primeiro pai de HEAD (o mesmo que HEAD^)
-$ git show HEAD^2 # mostra o segundo pai de HEAD
--------------------------------------
-
-Você também pode dar aos commits nomes à sua escolha; após executar
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git tag v2.5 1b2e1d63ff
--------------------------------------
-
-você pode se referir a 1b2e1d63ff pelo nome "v2.5". Se você pretende
-compartilhar esse nome com outras pessoas (por exemplo, para identificar
-uma versão de lançamento), você deveria criar um objeto "tag", e talvez
-assiná-lo; veja linkgit:git-tag[1] para detalhes.
-
-Qualquer comando git que precise conhecer um commit pode receber
-quaisquer desses nomes. Por exemplo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git diff v2.5 HEAD	 # compara o HEAD atual com v2.5
-$ git branch stable v2.5 # inicia um novo ramo chamado "stable" baseado
-			 # em v2.5
-$ git reset --hard HEAD^ # reseta seu ramo atual e seu diretório de
-			 # trabalho a seu estado em HEAD^
--------------------------------------
-
-Seja cuidadoso com o último comando: além de perder quaisquer mudanças
-em seu diretório de trabalho, ele também remove todos os commits
-posteriores desse ramo. Se esse ramo é o único ramo contendo esses
-commits, eles serão perdidos. Também, não use 'git-reset' num ramo
-publicamente visível de onde outros desenvolvedores puxam, já que vai
-forçar unificações desnecessárias para que outros desenvolvedores limpem
-a história. Se você precisa desfazer mudanças que você empurrou, use
-'git-revert' no lugar.
-
-O comando 'git-grep' pode buscar strings em qualquer versão de seu
-projeto, então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git grep "hello" v2.5
--------------------------------------
-
-procura por todas as ocorrências de "hello" em v2.5.
-
-Se você deixar de fora o nome do commit, 'git-grep' irá procurar
-quaisquer dos arquivos que ele gerencia no diretório corrente. Então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git grep "hello"
--------------------------------------
-
-é uma forma rápida de buscar somente os arquivos que são rastreados pelo
-git.
-
-Muitos comandos git também recebem um conjunto de commits, o que pode
-ser especificado de várias formas. Aqui estão alguns exemplos com 'git-log':
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log v2.5..v2.6            # commits entre v2.5 e v2.6
-$ git log v2.5..                # commits desde v2.5
-$ git log --since="2 weeks ago" # commits das últimas 2 semanas
-$ git log v2.5.. Makefile       # commits desde v2.5 que modificam
-				# Makefile
--------------------------------------
-
-Você também pode dar ao 'git-log' um "intervalo" de commits onde o
-primeiro não é necessariamente um ancestral do segundo; por exemplo, se
-as pontas dos ramos "stable" e "master" divergiram de um commit
-comum algum tempo atrás, então
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log stable..master
--------------------------------------
-
-irá listar os commits feitos no ramo "master" mas não no ramo
-"stable", enquanto
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git log master..stable
--------------------------------------
-
-irá listar a lista de commits feitos no ramo "stable" mas não no ramo
-"master".
-
-O comando 'git-log' tem uma fraqueza: ele precisa mostrar os commits em
-uma lista. Quando a história tem linhas de desenvolvimento que
-divergiram e então foram unificadas novamente, a ordem em que 'git-log'
-apresenta essas mudanças é irrelevante.
-
-A maioria dos projetos com múltiplos contribuidores (como o kernel
-Linux, ou o próprio git) tem unificações frequentes, e 'gitk' faz um
-trabalho melhor de visualizar sua história. Por exemplo,
-
--------------------------------------
-$ gitk --since="2 weeks ago" drivers/
--------------------------------------
-
-permite a você navegar em quaisquer commits desde as últimas duas semanas
-de commits que modificaram arquivos sob o diretório "drivers". (Nota:
-você pode ajustar as fontes do gitk segurando a tecla control enquanto
-pressiona "-" ou "+".)
-
-Finalmente, a maioria dos comandos que recebem nomes de arquivo permitirão
-também, opcionalmente, preceder qualquer nome de arquivo por um
-commit, para especificar uma versão particular do arquivo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git diff v2.5:Makefile HEAD:Makefile.in
--------------------------------------
-
-Você pode usar 'git-show' para ver tal arquivo:
-
--------------------------------------
-$ git show v2.5:Makefile
--------------------------------------
-
-Próximos passos
-----------
-
-Este tutorial deve ser o bastante para operar controle de revisão
-distribuído básico para seus projetos. No entanto, para entender
-plenamente a profundidade e o poder do git você precisa entender duas
-idéias simples nas quais ele se baseia:
-
-  * A base de objetos é um sistema bem elegante usado para armazenar a
-    história de seu projeto--arquivos, diretórios, e commits.
-
-  * O arquivo de índice é um cache do estado de uma árvore de diretório,
-    usado para criar commits, restaurar diretórios de trabalho, e
-    armazenar as várias árvores envolvidas em uma unificação.
-
-A parte dois deste tutorial explica a base de objetos, o arquivo de
-índice, e algumas outras coisinhas que você vai precisar pra usar o
-máximo do git. Você pode encontrá-la em linkgit:gittutorial-2[7].
-
-Se você não quiser continuar com o tutorial agora nesse momento, algumas
-outras digressões que podem ser interessantes neste ponto são:
-
-  * linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-am[1]: Estes convertem
-    séries de commits em patches para email, e vice-versa, úteis para
-    projetos como o kernel Linux que dependem fortemente de patches
-    enviados por email.
-
-  * linkgit:git-bisect[1]: Quando há uma regressão em seu projeto, uma
-    forma de rastrear um bug é procurando pela história para encontrar o
-    commit culpado. Git bisect pode ajudar a executar uma busca binária
-    por esse commit. Ele é inteligente o bastante para executar uma
-    busca próxima da ótima mesmo no caso de uma história complexa
-    não-linear com muitos ramos unificados.
-
-  * link:everyday.html[GIT diariamente com 20 e tantos comandos]
-
-  * linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]: Git para usuários de CVS.
-
-VEJA TAMBÉM
---------
-linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
-linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
-linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
-linkgit:gitglossary[7],
-linkgit:git-help[1],
-link:everyday.html[git diariamente],
-link:user-manual.html[O Manual do Usuário git]
-
-GIT
----
-Parte da suite linkgit:git[1].
diff --git a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
index 5dd6e5a0c7..1ebbf1d738 100644
--- a/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
+++ b/Documentation/pull-fetch-param.txt
@@ -12,9 +12,23 @@ ifndef::git-pull[]
 endif::git-pull[]
 
 <refspec>::
-	The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
-	`{plus}`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
-	by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
+	Specifies which refs to fetch and which local refs to update.
+	When no <refspec>s appear on the command line, the refs to fetch
+	are read from `remote.<repository>.fetch` variables instead
+ifndef::git-pull[]
+	(see <<CRTB,CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES>> below).
+endif::git-pull[]
+ifdef::git-pull[]
+	(see linkgit:git-fetch[1]).
+endif::git-pull[]
++
+The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
+`+`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
+by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
+The colon can be omitted when <dst> is empty.
++
+`tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`;
+it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
 +
 The remote ref that matches <src>
 is fetched, and if <dst> is not empty string, the local
@@ -24,50 +38,34 @@ is updated even if it does not result in a fast-forward
 update.
 +
 [NOTE]
-If the remote branch from which you want to pull is
-modified in non-linear ways such as being rewound and
-rebased frequently, then a pull will attempt a merge with
-an older version of itself, likely conflict, and fail.
-It is under these conditions that you would want to use
-the `+` sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates will
-be needed.  There is currently no easy way to determine
-or declare that a branch will be made available in a
-repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
+When the remote branch you want to fetch is known to
+be rewound and rebased regularly, it is expected that
+its new tip will not be descendant of its previous tip
+(as stored in your remote-tracking branch the last time
+you fetched).  You would want
+to use the `+` sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates
+will be needed for such branches.  There is no way to
+determine or declare that a branch will be made available
+in a repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
 must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.
-+
-[NOTE]
-You never do your own development on branches that appear
-on the right hand side of a <refspec> colon on `Pull:` lines;
-they are to be updated by 'git fetch'.  If you intend to do
-development derived from a remote branch `B`, have a `Pull:`
-line to track it (i.e. `Pull: B:remote-B`), and have a separate
-branch `my-B` to do your development on top of it.  The latter
-is created by `git branch my-B remote-B` (or its equivalent `git
-checkout -b my-B remote-B`).  Run `git fetch` to keep track of
-the progress of the remote side, and when you see something new
-on the remote branch, merge it into your development branch with
-`git pull . remote-B`, while you are on `my-B` branch.
+ifdef::git-pull[]
 +
 [NOTE]
 There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec>
 directly on 'git pull' command line and having multiple
-`Pull:` <refspec> lines for a <repository> and running
+`remote.<repository>.fetch` entries in your configuration
+for a <repository> and running a
 'git pull' command without any explicit <refspec> parameters.
-<refspec> listed explicitly on the command line are always
+<refspec>s listed explicitly on the command line are always
 merged into the current branch after fetching.  In other words,
-if you list more than one remote refs, you would be making
-an Octopus.  While 'git pull' run without any explicit <refspec>
-parameter takes default <refspec>s from `Pull:` lines, it
-merges only the first <refspec> found into the current branch,
-after fetching all the remote refs.  This is because making an
+if you list more than one remote ref, 'git pull' will create
+an Octopus merge.  On the other hand, if you do not list any
+explicit <refspec> parameter on the command line, 'git pull'
+will fetch all the <refspec>s it finds in the
+`remote.<repository>.fetch` configuration and merge
+only the first <refspec> found into the current branch.
+This is because making an
 Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track
 of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one
 is often useful.
-+
-Some short-cut notations are also supported.
-+
-* `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`;
-  it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
-* A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to
-  <ref>: when pulling/fetching, so it merges <ref> into the current
-  branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally
+endif::git-pull[]
diff --git a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
index 6a4b6355ba..f620ee4e1c 100644
--- a/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/rev-list-options.txt
@@ -3,79 +3,103 @@ Commit Limiting
 
 Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
 special notations explained in the description, additional commit
-limiting may be applied. Note that they are applied before commit
-ordering and formatting options, such as '--reverse'.
+limiting may be applied.
+
+Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g.
+`--since=<date1>` limits to commits newer than `<date1>`, and using it
+with `--grep=<pattern>` further limits to commits whose log message
+has a line that matches `<pattern>`), unless otherwise noted.
+
+Note that these are applied before commit
+ordering and formatting options, such as `--reverse`.
 
 --
 
--n 'number'::
+-<number>::
+-n <number>::
 --max-count=<number>::
-
 	Limit the number of commits to output.
 
 --skip=<number>::
-
 	Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output.
 
 --since=<date>::
 --after=<date>::
-
 	Show commits more recent than a specific date.
 
 --until=<date>::
 --before=<date>::
-
 	Show commits older than a specific date.
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --max-age=<timestamp>::
 --min-age=<timestamp>::
-
 	Limit the commits output to specified time range.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --author=<pattern>::
 --committer=<pattern>::
-
 	Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
-	header lines that match the specified pattern (regular expression).
+	header lines that match the specified pattern (regular
+	expression).  With more than one `--author=<pattern>`,
+	commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are
+	chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`).
+
+--grep-reflog=<pattern>::
+	Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that
+	match the specified pattern (regular expression). With
+	more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message
+	matches any of the given patterns are chosen.  It is an
+	error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use.
 
 --grep=<pattern>::
-
 	Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
-	matches the specified pattern (regular expression).
+	matches the specified pattern (regular expression).  With
+	more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message
+	matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see
+	`--all-match`).
++
+When `--show-notes` is in effect, the message from the notes as
+if it is part of the log message.
 
 --all-match::
-	Limit the commits output to ones that match all given --grep,
-	--author and --committer instead of ones that match at least one.
+	Limit the commits output to ones that match all given `--grep`,
+	instead of ones that match at least one.
+
+--invert-grep::
+	Limit the commits output to ones with log message that do not
+	match the pattern specified with `--grep=<pattern>`.
 
 -i::
 --regexp-ignore-case::
+	Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter
+	case.
 
-	Match the regexp limiting patterns without regard to letters case.
+--basic-regexp::
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions;
+	this is the default.
 
 -E::
 --extended-regexp::
-
 	Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions
 	instead of the default basic regular expressions.
 
 -F::
 --fixed-strings::
-
 	Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret
 	pattern as a regular expression).
 
---remove-empty::
+--perl-regexp::
+	Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular expressions.
+	Requires libpcre to be compiled in.
 
+--remove-empty::
 	Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
 
 --merges::
-
 	Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as `--min-parents=2`.
 
 --no-merges::
-
 	Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is
 	exactly the same as `--max-parents=1`.
 
@@ -83,8 +107,7 @@ endif::git-rev-list[]
 --max-parents=<number>::
 --no-min-parents::
 --no-max-parents::
-
-	Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many
+	Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent
 	commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`,
 	`--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`.  `--max-parents=0`
 	gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges.
@@ -100,34 +123,30 @@ parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit).
 	because merges into a topic branch tend to be only about
 	adjusting to updated upstream from time to time, and
 	this option allows you to ignore the individual commits
-	brought in to your history by such a merge.
+	brought in to your history by such a merge. Cannot be
+	combined with --bisect.
 
 --not::
-
 	Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof)
-	for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'.
+	for all following revision specifiers, up to the next `--not`.
 
 --all::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/` are listed on the
 	command line as '<commit>'.
 
 --branches[=<pattern>]::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/heads` are listed
 	on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
 	branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?',
 	'{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied.
 
 --tags[=<pattern>]::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/tags` are listed
 	on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
 	tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}',
 	or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied.
 
 --remotes[=<pattern>]::
-
 	Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed
 	on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit
 	remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob.
@@ -139,22 +158,38 @@ parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit).
 	is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}',
 	or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied.
 
---ignore-missing::
+--exclude=<glob-pattern>::
+
+	Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`,
+	`--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise
+	consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
+	up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or
+	`--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear
+	accumulated patterns).
++
+The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or
+`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`,
+respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob`
+or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given
+explicitly.
+
+--reflog::
+	Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the
+	command line as `<commit>`.
 
+--ignore-missing::
 	Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if
 	the bad input was not given.
 
 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
 --bisect::
-
 	Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `refs/bisect/bad`
 	was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good
 	bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` on the command
-	line.
+	line. Cannot be combined with --first-parent.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --stdin::
-
 	In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
 	line, read them from the standard input. If a '--' separator is
 	seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the
@@ -162,48 +197,43 @@ endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --quiet::
-
 	Don't print anything to standard output.  This form
 	is primarily meant to allow the caller to
 	test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully
 	connected (or not).  It is faster than redirecting stdout
-	to /dev/null as the output does not have to be formatted.
+	to `/dev/null` as the output does not have to be formatted.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --cherry-mark::
-
 	Like `--cherry-pick` (see below) but mark equivalent commits
 	with `=` rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with `+`.
 
 --cherry-pick::
-
 	Omit any commit that introduces the same change as
-	another commit on the "other side" when the set of
+	another commit on the ``other side'' when the set of
 	commits are limited with symmetric difference.
 +
 For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way
 to list all commits on only one side of them is with
 `--left-right` (see the example below in the description of
-the `--left-right` option).  It however shows the commits that were cherry-picked
-from the other branch (for example, "3rd on b" may be cherry-picked
-from branch A).  With this option, such pairs of commits are
+the `--left-right` option). However, it shows the commits that were
+cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, ``3rd on b'' may be
+cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are
 excluded from the output.
 
 --left-only::
 --right-only::
-
 	List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric range,
 	i.e. only those which would be marked `<` resp. `>` by
 	`--left-right`.
 +
 For example, `--cherry-pick --right-only A...B` omits those
 commits from `B` which are in `A` or are patch-equivalent to a commit in
-`A`. In other words, this lists the `{plus}` commits from `git cherry A B`.
+`A`. In other words, this lists the `+` commits from `git cherry A B`.
 More precisely, `--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges` gives the exact
 list.
 
 --cherry::
-
 	A synonym for `--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges`; useful to
 	limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that
 	have been applied to the other side of a forked history with
@@ -212,32 +242,37 @@ list.
 
 -g::
 --walk-reflogs::
-
 	Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
 	reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
 	When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
 	exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
-	nor 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used).
+	and 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used).
 +
-With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
+With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` (for obvious reasons),
 this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
 taken from the reflog.  By default, 'commit@\{Nth}' notation is
 used in the output.  When the starting commit is specified as
 'commit@\{now}', output also uses 'commit@\{timestamp}' notation
-instead.  Under '\--pretty=oneline', the commit message is
+instead.  Under `--pretty=oneline`, the commit message is
 prefixed with this information on the same line.
-This option cannot be combined with '\--reverse'.
+This option cannot be combined with `--reverse`.
 See also linkgit:git-reflog[1].
 
 --merge::
-
 	After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
 	conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge.
 
 --boundary::
+	Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are
+	prefixed with `-`.
 
-	Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
-	not shown.
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
+--use-bitmap-index::
+
+	Try to speed up the traversal using the pack bitmap index (if
+	one is available). Note that when traversing with `--objects`,
+	trees and blobs will not have their associated path printed.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --
 
@@ -252,11 +287,9 @@ is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history.
 The following options select the commits to be shown:
 
 <paths>::
-
 	Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected.
 
 --simplify-by-decoration::
-
 	Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected.
 
 Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history.
@@ -264,33 +297,27 @@ Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history.
 The following options affect the way the simplification is performed:
 
 Default mode::
-
 	Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the
 	final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side
 	branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches
 	with the same content)
 
 --full-history::
-
 	Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history.
 
 --dense::
-
 	Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a
 	meaningful history.
 
 --sparse::
-
 	All commits in the simplified history are shown.
 
 --simplify-merges::
-
-	Additional option to '--full-history' to remove some needless
+	Additional option to `--full-history` to remove some needless
 	merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
 	commits contributing to this merge.
 
 --ancestry-path::
-
 	When given a range of commits to display (e.g. 'commit1..commit2'
 	or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only display commits that exist
 	directly on the ancestry chain between the 'commit1' and
@@ -307,43 +334,45 @@ In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to
 illustrate the differences between simplification settings.  We assume
 that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	  .-A---M---N---O---P
-	 /     /   /   /   /
-	I     B   C   D   E
-	 \   /   /   /   /
-	  `-------------'
+	  .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
+	 /     /   /   /   /   /
+	I     B   C   D   E   Y
+	 \   /   /   /   /   /
+	  `-------------'   X
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-The horizontal line of history A---P is taken to be the first parent of
+The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of
 each merge.  The commits are:
 
 * `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents
-  "asdf", and a file `quux` exists with contents "quux".  Initial
+  ``asdf'', and a file `quux` exists with contents ``quux''. Initial
   commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME.
 
-* In `A`, `foo` contains just "foo".
+* In `A`, `foo` contains just ``foo''.
 
 * `B` contains the same change as `A`.  Its merge `M` is trivial and
   hence TREESAME to all parents.
 
-* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to "foobar",
+* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to ``foobar'',
   so it is not TREESAME to any parent.
 
-* `D` sets `foo` to "baz".  Its merge `O` combines the strings from
-  `N` and `D` to "foobarbaz"; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.
+* `D` sets `foo` to ``baz''. Its merge `O` combines the strings from
+  `N` and `D` to ``foobarbaz''; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.
 
-* `E` changes `quux` to "xyzzy", and its merge `P` combines the
-  strings to "quux xyzzy".  Despite appearing interesting, `P` is
-  TREESAME to all parents.
+* `E` changes `quux` to ``xyzzy'', and its merge `P` combines the
+  strings to ``quux xyzzy''. `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`.
 
-'rev-list' walks backwards through history, including or excluding
-commits based on whether '\--full-history' and/or parent rewriting
-(via '\--parents' or '\--children') are used.  The following settings
+* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y`
+  modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and
+  `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`.
+
+`rev-list` walks backwards through history, including or excluding
+commits based on whether `--full-history` and/or parent rewriting
+(via `--parents` or `--children`) are used. The following settings
 are available.
 
 Default mode::
-
 	Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent
-	(though this can be changed, see '\--sparse' below).  If the
+	(though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below).  If the
 	commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow
 	only that parent.  (Even if there are several TREESAME
 	parents, follow only one of them.)  Otherwise, follow all
@@ -362,12 +391,11 @@ available, removed `B` from consideration entirely.  `C` was
 considered via `N`, but is TREESAME.  Root commits are compared to an
 empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME.
 +
-Parent/child relations are only visible with --parents, but that does
+Parent/child relations are only visible with `--parents`, but that does
 not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the
 parent lines.
 
 --full-history without parent rewriting::
-
 	This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow
 	all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them.
 	Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are
@@ -375,10 +403,10 @@ parent lines.
 	the example, we get
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	I  A  B  N  D  O
+	I  A  B  N  D  O  P  Q
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-`P` and `M` were excluded because they are TREESAME to a parent.  `E`,
+`M` was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents.  `E`,
 `C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others
 do not appear.
 +
@@ -387,47 +415,43 @@ about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show
 them disconnected.
 
 --full-history with parent rewriting::
-
 	Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME
-	(though this can be changed, see '\--sparse' below).
+	(though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below).
 +
 Merges are always included.  However, their parent list is rewritten:
 Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included
 themselves.  This results in
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-	  .-A---M---N---O---P
+	  .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
 	 /     /   /   /   /
 	I     B   /   D   /
 	 \   /   /   /   /
 	  `-------------'
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-Compare to '\--full-history' without rewriting above.  Note that `E`
+Compare to `--full-history` without rewriting above.  Note that `E`
 was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was
 rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`.  The same happened for `C` and
-`N`.  Note also that `P` was included despite being TREESAME.
+`N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`.
 
 In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME
 affects inclusion:
 
 --dense::
-
 	Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME
 	to any parent.
 
 --sparse::
-
 	All commits that are walked are included.
 +
-Note that without '\--full-history', this still simplifies merges: if
+Note that without `--full-history`, this still simplifies merges: if
 one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other
 sides of the merge are never walked.
 
 --simplify-merges::
-
 	First, build a history graph in the same way that
-	'\--full-history' with parent rewriting does (see above).
+	`--full-history` with parent rewriting does (see above).
 +
 Then simplify each commit `C` to its replacement `C'` in the final
 history according to the following rules:
@@ -436,8 +460,9 @@ history according to the following rules:
 * Set `C'` to `C`.
 +
 * Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`.  In
-  the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents, and
-  remove duplicates.
+  the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are
+  root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care
+  to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to.
 +
 * If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has
   zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains.
@@ -445,7 +470,7 @@ history according to the following rules:
 --
 +
 The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to
-'\--full-history' with parent rewriting.  The example turns into:
+`--full-history` with parent rewriting.  The example turns into:
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 	  .-A---M---N---O
@@ -455,7 +480,7 @@ The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to
 	  `---------'
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
-Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '\--full-history':
+Note the major differences in `N`, `P`, and `Q` over `--full-history`:
 +
 --
 * `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the
@@ -463,16 +488,19 @@ Note the major differences in `N` and `P` over '\--full-history':
 +
 * `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed.  `P` was then
   removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME.
++
+* `Q`'s parent list had `Y` simplified to `X`. `X` was then removed, because it
+  was a TREESAME root. `Q` was then removed completely, because it had one
+  parent and is TREESAME.
 --
 
 Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available:
 
 --ancestry-path::
-
 	Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry
-	chain between the "from" and "to" commits in the given commit
-	range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the "to"
-	commit, and descendants of the "from" commit.
+	chain between the ``from'' and ``to'' commits in the given commit
+	range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the ``to''
+	commit and descendants of the ``from'' commit.
 +
 As an example use case, consider the following commit history:
 +
@@ -487,14 +515,14 @@ As an example use case, consider the following commit history:
 A regular 'D..M' computes the set of commits that are ancestors of `M`,
 but excludes the ones that are ancestors of `D`. This is useful to see
 what happened to the history leading to `M` since `D`, in the sense
-that "what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`". The result in this
+that ``what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`''. The result in this
 example would be all the commits, except `A` and `B` (and `D` itself,
 of course).
 +
 When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the
 bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view
 only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e.
-excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the '\--ancestry-path'
+excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the `--ancestry-path`
 option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in:
 +
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -505,7 +533,7 @@ option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in:
 				L--M
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-The '\--simplify-by-decoration' option allows you to view only the
+The `--simplify-by-decoration` option allows you to view only the
 big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits
 that are not referenced by tags.  Commits are marked as !TREESAME
 (in other words, kept after history simplification rules described
@@ -518,50 +546,47 @@ Bisection Helpers
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 --bisect::
-
-Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
-included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref
-`refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it
-exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are
-added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there
-are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if
-
+	Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
+	included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref
+	`refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it
+	exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are
+	added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there
+	are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if
++
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 	$ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
++
 outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands
-
++
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 	$ git rev-list foo ^midpoint
 	$ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
++
 would be of roughly the same length.  Finding the change which
 introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
 generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length
-one.
+one. Cannot be combined with --first-parent.
 
 --bisect-vars::
-
-This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in
-`refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs
-text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the
-name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
-expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested
-to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if
-`bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected
-number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to
-`bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to
-`bisect_all`.
+	This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in
+	`refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs
+	text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the
+	name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
+	expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested
+	to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if
+	`bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected
+	number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to
+	`bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to
+	`bisect_all`.
 
 --bisect-all::
-
-This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded
-commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded
-commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest
-from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by
-`--bisect`.)
+	This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded
+	commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded
+	commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest
+	from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by
+	`--bisect`.)
 +
 This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to
 test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they
@@ -578,54 +603,87 @@ Commit Ordering
 
 By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
 
---topo-order::
+--date-order::
+	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
+	otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order.
 
-	This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e.
-	descendant commits are shown before their parents).
+--author-date-order::
+	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
+	otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order.
 
---date-order::
+--topo-order::
+	Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and
+	avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history
+	intermixed.
++
+For example, in a commit history like this:
++
+----------------------------------------------------------------
 
-	This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
-	parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things
-	are still ordered in the commit timestamp order.
+    ---1----2----4----7
+	\	       \
+	 3----5----6----8---
 
---reverse::
+----------------------------------------------------------------
++
+where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, `git
+rev-list` and friends with `--date-order` show the commits in the
+timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.
++
+With `--topo-order`, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5
+3 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to
+avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed
+together.
 
+--reverse::
 	Output the commits in reverse order.
-	Cannot be combined with '\--walk-reflogs'.
+	Cannot be combined with `--walk-reflogs`.
 
 Object Traversal
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
+These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories.
 
+ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --objects::
-
 	Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
-	commits.  '--objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me
+	commits.  `--objects foo ^bar` thus means ``send me
 	all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
-	object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
+	object _bar_ but not _foo_''.
 
 --objects-edge::
-
-	Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded
-	commits prefixed with a "-" character.  This is used by
-	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records
+	Similar to `--objects`, but also print the IDs of excluded
+	commits prefixed with a ``-'' character.  This is used by
+	linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build a ``thin'' pack, which records
 	objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
 	excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
 
---unpacked::
+--objects-edge-aggressive::
+	Similar to `--objects-edge`, but it tries harder to find excluded
+	commits at the cost of increased time.  This is used instead of
+	`--objects-edge` to build ``thin'' packs for shallow repositories.
 
-	Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
-	in packs.
+--indexed-objects::
+	Pretend as if all trees and blobs used by the index are listed
+	on the command line.  Note that you probably want to use
+	`--objects`, too.
 
---no-walk::
+--unpacked::
+	Only useful with `--objects`; print the object IDs that are not
+	in packs.
+endif::git-rev-list[]
 
-	Only show the given revs, but do not traverse their ancestors.
+--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]::
+	Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors.
+	This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument
+	`unsorted` is given, the commits are shown in the order they were
+	given on the command line. Otherwise (if `sorted` or no argument
+	was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order
+	by commit time.
+	Cannot be combined with `--graph`.
 
 --do-walk::
-
-	Overrides a previous --no-walk.
+	Overrides a previous `--no-walk`.
 
 Commit Formatting
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -639,46 +697,50 @@ endif::git-rev-list[]
 include::pretty-options.txt[]
 
 --relative-date::
-
 	Synonym for `--date=relative`.
 
---date=(relative|local|default|iso|rfc|short|raw)::
-
+--date=(relative|local|default|iso|iso-strict|rfc|short|raw)::
 	Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
-	as when using "--pretty". `log.date` config variable sets a default
-	value for log command's --date option.
+	as when using `--pretty`. `log.date` config variable sets a default
+	value for the log command's `--date` option.
 +
 `--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time,
-e.g. "2 hours ago".
+e.g. ``2 hours ago''.
 +
-`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local timezone.
+`--date=local` shows timestamps in user's local time zone.
++
+`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format.
+The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are:
+
+	- a space instead of the `T` date/time delimiter
+	- a space between time and time zone
+	- no colon between hours and minutes of the time zone
+
 +
-`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in ISO 8601 format.
+`--date=iso-strict` (or `--date=iso8601-strict`) shows timestamps in strict
+ISO 8601 format.
 +
 `--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822
-format, often found in E-mail messages.
+format, often found in email messages.
 +
-`--date=short` shows only date but not time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
+`--date=short` shows only the date, but not the time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format.
 +
-`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw git format `%s %z` format.
+`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw Git format `%s %z` format.
 +
-`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original timezone
+`--date=default` shows timestamps in the original time zone
 (either committer's or author's).
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --header::
-
 	Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
 	separated with a NUL character.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --parents::
-
 	Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent...").
 	Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
 
 --children::
-
 	Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child...").
 	Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
 
@@ -688,7 +750,6 @@ ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
 --left-right::
-
 	Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from.
 	Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from
 	the right with `>`.  If combined with `--boundary`, those
@@ -718,39 +779,44 @@ you would get an output like this:
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 --graph::
-
 	Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history
 	on the left hand side of the output.  This may cause extra lines
 	to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history
 	to be drawn properly.
+	Cannot be combined with `--no-walk`.
 +
 This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below.
 +
-This implies the '--topo-order' option by default, but the
-'--date-order' option may also be specified.
+This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the
+`--date-order` option may also be specified.
+
+--show-linear-break[=<barrier>]::
+	When --graph is not used, all history branches are flattened
+	which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits
+	do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier
+	in between them in that case. If `<barrier>` is specified, it
+	is the string that will be shown instead of the default one.
 
 ifdef::git-rev-list[]
 --count::
 	Print a number stating how many commits would have been
 	listed, and suppress all other output.  When used together
-	with '--left-right', instead print the counts for left and
+	with `--left-right`, instead print the counts for left and
 	right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with
-	'--cherry-mark', omit patch equivalent commits from these
+	`--cherry-mark`, omit patch equivalent commits from these
 	counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated
 	by a tab.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
 
-
 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
 Diff Formatting
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
+Listed below are options that control the formatting of diff output.
 Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
 options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
 
 -c::
-
 	With this option, diff output for a merge commit
 	shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
 	simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
@@ -758,29 +824,22 @@ options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
 	which were modified from all parents.
 
 --cc::
-
-	This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
+	This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the
 	patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in
 	the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks
 	one of them without modification.
 
 -m::
-
 	This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like
 	regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry
 	and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against
-	the first parent is shown when '--first-parent' option is given;
+	the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given;
 	in that case, the output represents the changes the merge
 	brought _into_ the then-current branch.
 
 -r::
-
 	Show recursive diffs.
 
 -t::
-
-	Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
-
--s::
-	Suppress diff output.
+	Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies `-r`.
 endif::git-rev-list[]
diff --git a/Documentation/revisions.txt b/Documentation/revisions.txt
index 1725661837..07961185fe 100644
--- a/Documentation/revisions.txt
+++ b/Documentation/revisions.txt
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ SPECIFYING REVISIONS
 --------------------
 
 A revision parameter '<rev>' typically, but not necessarily, names a
-commit object.  It uses what is called an 'extended SHA1'
+commit object.  It uses what is called an 'extended SHA-1'
 syntax.  Here are various ways to spell object names.  The
 ones listed near the end of this list name trees and
 blobs contained in a commit.
 
 '<sha1>', e.g. 'dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735', 'dae86e'::
-  The full SHA1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
+  The full SHA-1 object name (40-byte hexadecimal string), or
   a leading substring that is unique within the repository.
   E.g. dae86e1950b1277e545cee180551750029cfe735 and dae86e both
   name the same commit object if there is no other object in
@@ -23,23 +23,23 @@ blobs contained in a commit.
   A symbolic ref name.  E.g. 'master' typically means the commit
   object referenced by 'refs/heads/master'.  If you
   happen to have both 'heads/master' and 'tags/master', you can
-  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell git which one you mean.
-  When ambiguous, a '<name>' is disambiguated by taking the
+  explicitly say 'heads/master' to tell Git which one you mean.
+  When ambiguous, a '<refname>' is disambiguated by taking the
   first match in the following rules:
 
-  . If '$GIT_DIR/<name>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
+  . If '$GIT_DIR/<refname>' exists, that is what you mean (this is usually
     useful only for 'HEAD', 'FETCH_HEAD', 'ORIG_HEAD', 'MERGE_HEAD'
     and 'CHERRY_PICK_HEAD');
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/<name>' if it exists;
+  . otherwise, 'refs/<refname>' if it exists;
 
   . otherwise, 'refs/tags/<refname>' if it exists;
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<name>' if it exists;
+  . otherwise, 'refs/heads/<refname>' if it exists;
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>' if it exists;
+  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<refname>' if it exists;
 
-  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD' if it exists.
+  . otherwise, 'refs/remotes/<refname>/HEAD' if it exists.
 +
 'HEAD' names the commit on which you based the changes in the working tree.
 'FETCH_HEAD' records the branch which you fetched from a remote repository
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ when you run `git cherry-pick`.
 +
 Note that any of the 'refs/*' cases above may come either from
 the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
+While the ref name encoding is unspecified, UTF-8 is preferred as
+some output processing may assume ref names in UTF-8.
+
+'@'::
+  '@' alone is a shortcut for 'HEAD'.
 
 '<refname>@\{<date>\}', e.g. 'master@\{yesterday\}', 'HEAD@\{5 minutes ago\}'::
   A ref followed by the suffix '@' with a date specification
@@ -83,13 +88,15 @@ the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
   branch 'blabla' then '@\{1\}' means the same as 'blabla@\{1\}'.
 
 '@\{-<n>\}', e.g. '@\{-1\}'::
-  The construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch checked out
+  The construct '@\{-<n>\}' means the <n>th branch/commit checked out
   before the current one.
 
-'<refname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}'::
-  The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a ref (short form '<refname>@\{u\}') refers to
-  the branch the ref is set to build on top of.  A missing ref defaults
-  to the current branch.
+'<branchname>@\{upstream\}', e.g. 'master@\{upstream\}', '@\{u\}'::
+  The suffix '@\{upstream\}' to a branchname (short form '<branchname>@\{u\}')
+  refers to the branch that the branch specified by branchname is set to build on
+  top of (configured with `branch.<name>.remote` and
+  `branch.<name>.merge`).  A missing branchname defaults to the
+  current one.
 
 '<rev>{caret}', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}, v1.5.1{caret}0'::
   A suffix '{caret}' to a revision parameter means the first parent of
@@ -109,11 +116,23 @@ the '$GIT_DIR/refs' directory or from the '$GIT_DIR/packed-refs' file.
 
 '<rev>{caret}\{<type>\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{commit\}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an object type name enclosed in
-  brace pair means the object
-  could be a tag, and dereference the tag recursively until an
-  object of that type is found or the object cannot be
-  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).  '<rev>{caret}0'
+  brace pair means dereference the object at '<rev>' recursively until
+  an object of type '<type>' is found or the object cannot be
+  dereferenced anymore (in which case, barf).
+  For example, if '<rev>' is a commit-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'
+  describes the corresponding commit object.
+  Similarly, if '<rev>' is a tree-ish, '<rev>{caret}\{tree\}'
+  describes the corresponding tree object.
+  '<rev>{caret}0'
   is a short-hand for '<rev>{caret}\{commit\}'.
++
+'rev{caret}\{object\}' can be used to make sure 'rev' names an
+object that exists, without requiring 'rev' to be a tag, and
+without dereferencing 'rev'; because a tag is already an object,
+it does not have to be dereferenced even once to get to an object.
++
+'rev{caret}\{tag\}' can be used to ensure that 'rev' identifies an
+existing tag object.
 
 '<rev>{caret}\{\}', e.g. 'v0.99.8{caret}\{\}'::
   A suffix '{caret}' followed by an empty brace pair
@@ -213,18 +232,58 @@ of 'r1' and 'r2' and is defined as
 It is the set of commits that are reachable from either one of
 'r1' or 'r2' but not from both.
 
+In these two shorthands, you can omit one end and let it default to HEAD.
+For example, 'origin..' is a shorthand for 'origin..HEAD' and asks "What
+did I do since I forked from the origin branch?"  Similarly, '..origin'
+is a shorthand for 'HEAD..origin' and asks "What did the origin do since
+I forked from them?"  Note that '..' would mean 'HEAD..HEAD' which is an
+empty range that is both reachable and unreachable from HEAD.
+
 Two other shorthands for naming a set that is formed by a commit
 and its parent commits exist.  The 'r1{caret}@' notation means all
 parents of 'r1'.  'r1{caret}!' includes commit 'r1' but excludes
 all of its parents.
 
+To summarize:
+
+'<rev>'::
+	Include commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of)
+	<rev>.
+
+'{caret}<rev>'::
+	Exclude commits that are reachable from (i.e. ancestors of)
+	<rev>.
+
+'<rev1>..<rev2>'::
+	Include commits that are reachable from <rev2> but exclude
+	those that are reachable from <rev1>.  When either <rev1> or
+	<rev2> is omitted, it defaults to 'HEAD'.
+
+'<rev1>\...<rev2>'::
+	Include commits that are reachable from either <rev1> or
+	<rev2> but exclude those that are reachable from both.  When
+	either <rev1> or <rev2> is omitted, it defaults to 'HEAD'.
+
+'<rev>{caret}@', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}@'::
+  A suffix '{caret}' followed by an at sign is the same as listing
+  all parents of '<rev>' (meaning, include anything reachable from
+  its parents, but not the commit itself).
+
+'<rev>{caret}!', e.g. 'HEAD{caret}!'::
+  A suffix '{caret}' followed by an exclamation mark is the same
+  as giving commit '<rev>' and then all its parents prefixed with
+  '{caret}' to exclude them (and their ancestors).
+
 Here are a handful of examples:
 
    D                G H D
    D F              G H I J D F
    ^G D             H D
    ^D B             E I J F B
+   B..C             C
    B...C            G H D E B C
    ^D B C           E I J F B C
+   C                I J F C
    C^@              I J F
+   C^!              C
    F^! D            G H D F
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
index 43dbe09f73..5a59b54844 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-allocation-growing.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ Dynamically growing an array using realloc() is error prone and boring.
 
 Define your array with:
 
-* a pointer (`ary`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`;
+* a pointer (`item`) that points at the array, initialized to `NULL`
+  (although please name the variable based on its contents, not on its
+  type);
 
 * an integer variable (`alloc`) that keeps track of how big the current
   allocation is, initialized to `0`;
@@ -13,22 +15,25 @@ Define your array with:
 * another integer variable (`nr`) to keep track of how many elements the
   array currently has, initialized to `0`.
 
-Then before adding `n`th element to the array, call `ALLOC_GROW(ary, n,
+Then before adding `n`th element to the item, call `ALLOC_GROW(item, n,
 alloc)`.  This ensures that the array can hold at least `n` elements by
 calling `realloc(3)` and adjusting `alloc` variable.
 
 ------------
-sometype *ary;
+sometype *item;
 size_t nr;
 size_t alloc
 
 for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
-	if (we like ary[i] already)
+	if (we like item[i] already)
 		return;
 
 /* we did not like any existing one, so add one */
-ALLOC_GROW(ary, nr + 1, alloc);
-ary[nr++] = value you like;
+ALLOC_GROW(item, nr + 1, alloc);
+item[nr++] = value you like;
 ------------
 
 You are responsible for updating the `nr` variable.
+
+If you need to specify the number of elements to allocate explicitly
+then use the macro `REALLOC_ARRAY(item, alloc)` instead of `ALLOC_GROW`.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
index 49b3d52952..1a797812fb 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-argv-array.txt
@@ -37,10 +37,19 @@ Functions
 `argv_array_push`::
 	Push a copy of a string onto the end of the array.
 
+`argv_array_pushl`::
+	Push a list of strings onto the end of the array. The arguments
+	should be a list of `const char *` strings, terminated by a NULL
+	argument.
+
 `argv_array_pushf`::
 	Format a string and push it onto the end of the array. This is a
 	convenience wrapper combining `strbuf_addf` and `argv_array_push`.
 
+`argv_array_pop`::
+	Remove the final element from the array. If there are no
+	elements in the array, do nothing.
+
 `argv_array_clear`::
 	Free all memory associated with the array and return it to the
 	initial, empty state.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
index b0cafe87be..22a39b9299 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-builtin.txt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Adding a new built-in
 ---------------------
 
 There are 4 things to do to add a built-in command implementation to
-git:
+Git:
 
 . Define the implementation of the built-in command `foo` with
   signature:
@@ -14,19 +14,22 @@ git:
 
 . Add the external declaration for the function to `builtin.h`.
 
-. Add the command to `commands[]` table in `handle_internal_command()`,
-  defined in `git.c`.  The entry should look like:
+. Add the command to the `commands[]` table defined in `git.c`.
+  The entry should look like:
 
 	{ "foo", cmd_foo, <options> },
 +
 where options is the bitwise-or of:
 
 `RUN_SETUP`::
+	If there is not a Git directory to work on, abort.  If there
+	is a work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was
+	invoked in a subdirectory.  If there is no work tree, no
+	chdir() is done.
 
-	Make sure there is a git directory to work on, and if there is a
-	work tree, chdir to the top of it if the command was invoked
-	in a subdirectory.  If there is no work tree, no chdir() is
-	done.
+`RUN_SETUP_GENTLY`::
+	If there is a Git directory, chdir as per RUN_SETUP, otherwise,
+	don't chdir anywhere.
 
 `USE_PAGER`::
 
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ where options is the bitwise-or of:
 	on bare repositories.
 	This only makes sense when `RUN_SETUP` is also set.
 
-. Add `builtin-foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`.
+. Add `builtin/foo.o` to `BUILTIN_OBJS` in `Makefile`.
 
 Additionally, if `foo` is a new command, there are 3 more things to do:
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
index edf8dfb99b..0d8b99b368 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-config.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 config API
 ==========
 
-The config API gives callers a way to access git configuration files
+The config API gives callers a way to access Git configuration files
 (and files which have the same syntax). See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
 discussion of the config file syntax.
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Config files are parsed linearly, and each variable found is passed to a
 caller-provided callback function. The callback function is responsible
 for any actions to be taken on the config option, and is free to ignore
 some options. It is not uncommon for the configuration to be parsed
-several times during the run of a git program, with different callbacks
+several times during the run of a Git program, with different callbacks
 picking out different variables useful to themselves.
 
 A config callback function takes three parameters:
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Basic Config Querying
 ---------------------
 
 Most programs will simply want to look up variables in all config files
-that git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this,
+that Git knows about, using the normal precedence rules. To do this,
 call `git_config` with a callback function and void data pointer.
 
 `git_config` will read all config sources in order of increasing
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ value is left at the end).
 
 The `git_config_with_options` function lets the caller examine config
 while adjusting some of the default behavior of `git_config`. It should
-almost never be used by "regular" git code that is looking up
+almost never be used by "regular" Git code that is looking up
 configuration variables. It is intended for advanced callers like
 `git-config`, which are intentionally tweaking the normal config-lookup
 process. It takes two extra parameters:
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Regular `git_config` defaults to `1`.
 There is a special version of `git_config` called `git_config_early`.
 This version takes an additional parameter to specify the repository
 config, instead of having it looked up via `git_path`. This is useful
-early in a git program before the repository has been found. Unless
+early in a Git program before the repository has been found. Unless
 you're working with early setup code, you probably don't want to use
 this.
 
@@ -77,6 +77,99 @@ To read a specific file in git-config format, use
 `git_config_from_file`. This takes the same callback and data parameters
 as `git_config`.
 
+Querying For Specific Variables
+-------------------------------
+
+For programs wanting to query for specific variables in a non-callback
+manner, the config API provides two functions `git_config_get_value`
+and `git_config_get_value_multi`. They both read values from an internal
+cache generated previously from reading the config files.
+
+`int git_config_get_value(const char *key, const char **value)`::
+
+	Finds the highest-priority value for the configuration variable `key`,
+	stores the pointer to it in `value` and returns 0. When the
+	configuration variable `key` is not found, returns 1 without touching
+	`value`. The caller should not free or modify `value`, as it is owned
+	by the cache.
+
+`const struct string_list *git_config_get_value_multi(const char *key)`::
+
+	Finds and returns the value list, sorted in order of increasing priority
+	for the configuration variable `key`. When the configuration variable
+	`key` is not found, returns NULL. The caller should not free or modify
+	the returned pointer, as it is owned by the cache.
+
+`void git_config_clear(void)`::
+
+	Resets and invalidates the config cache.
+
+The config API also provides type specific API functions which do conversion
+as well as retrieval for the queried variable, including:
+
+`int git_config_get_int(const char *key, int *dest)`::
+
+	Finds and parses the value to an integer for the configuration variable
+	`key`. Dies on error; otherwise, stores the value of the parsed integer in
+	`dest` and returns 0. When the configuration variable `key` is not found,
+	returns 1 without touching `dest`.
+
+`int git_config_get_ulong(const char *key, unsigned long *dest)`::
+
+	Similar to `git_config_get_int` but for unsigned longs.
+
+`int git_config_get_bool(const char *key, int *dest)`::
+
+	Finds and parses the value into a boolean value, for the configuration
+	variable `key` respecting keywords like "true" and "false". Integer
+	values are converted into true/false values (when they are non-zero or
+	zero, respectively). Other values cause a die(). If parsing is successful,
+	stores the value of the parsed result in `dest` and returns 0. When the
+	configuration variable `key` is not found, returns 1 without touching
+	`dest`.
+
+`int git_config_get_bool_or_int(const char *key, int *is_bool, int *dest)`::
+
+	Similar to `git_config_get_bool`, except that integers are copied as-is,
+	and `is_bool` flag is unset.
+
+`int git_config_get_maybe_bool(const char *key, int *dest)`::
+
+	Similar to `git_config_get_bool`, except that it returns -1 on error
+	rather than dying.
+
+`int git_config_get_string_const(const char *key, const char **dest)`::
+
+	Allocates and copies the retrieved string into the `dest` parameter for
+	the configuration variable `key`; if NULL string is given, prints an
+	error message and returns -1. When the configuration variable `key` is
+	not found, returns 1 without touching `dest`.
+
+`int git_config_get_string(const char *key, char **dest)`::
+
+	Similar to `git_config_get_string_const`, except that retrieved value
+	copied into the `dest` parameter is a mutable string.
+
+`int git_config_get_pathname(const char *key, const char **dest)`::
+
+	Similar to `git_config_get_string`, but expands `~` or `~user` into
+	the user's home directory when found at the beginning of the path.
+
+`git_die_config(const char *key, const char *err, ...)`::
+
+	First prints the error message specified by the caller in `err` and then
+	dies printing the line number and the file name of the highest priority
+	value for the configuration variable `key`.
+
+`void git_die_config_linenr(const char *key, const char *filename, int linenr)`::
+
+	Helper function which formats the die error message according to the
+	parameters entered. Used by `git_die_config()`. It can be used by callers
+	handling `git_config_get_value_multi()` to print the correct error message
+	for the desired value.
+
+See test-config.c for usage examples.
+
 Value Parsing Helpers
 ---------------------
 
@@ -134,7 +227,98 @@ int read_file_with_include(const char *file, config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 `git_config` respects includes automatically. The lower-level
 `git_config_from_file` does not.
 
+Custom Configsets
+-----------------
+
+A `config_set` can be used to construct an in-memory cache for
+config-like files that the caller specifies (i.e., files like `.gitmodules`,
+`~/.gitconfig` etc.). For example,
+
+---------------------------------------
+struct config_set gm_config;
+git_configset_init(&gm_config);
+int b;
+/* we add config files to the config_set */
+git_configset_add_file(&gm_config, ".gitmodules");
+git_configset_add_file(&gm_config, ".gitmodules_alt");
+
+if (!git_configset_get_bool(gm_config, "submodule.frotz.ignore", &b)) {
+	/* hack hack hack */
+}
+
+/* when we are done with the configset */
+git_configset_clear(&gm_config);
+----------------------------------------
+
+Configset API provides functions for the above mentioned work flow, including:
+
+`void git_configset_init(struct config_set *cs)`::
+
+	Initializes the config_set `cs`.
+
+`int git_configset_add_file(struct config_set *cs, const char *filename)`::
+
+	Parses the file and adds the variable-value pairs to the `config_set`,
+	dies if there is an error in parsing the file. Returns 0 on success, or
+	-1 if the file does not exist or is inaccessible. The user has to decide
+	if he wants to free the incomplete configset or continue using it when
+	the function returns -1.
+
+`int git_configset_get_value(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **value)`::
+
+	Finds the highest-priority value for the configuration variable `key`
+	and config set `cs`, stores the pointer to it in `value` and returns 0.
+	When the configuration variable `key` is not found, returns 1 without
+	touching `value`. The caller should not free or modify `value`, as it
+	is owned by the cache.
+
+`const struct string_list *git_configset_get_value_multi(struct config_set *cs, const char *key)`::
+
+	Finds and returns the value list, sorted in order of increasing priority
+	for the configuration variable `key` and config set `cs`. When the
+	configuration variable `key` is not found, returns NULL. The caller
+	should not free or modify the returned pointer, as it is owned by the cache.
+
+`void git_configset_clear(struct config_set *cs)`::
+
+	Clears `config_set` structure, removes all saved variable-value pairs.
+
+In addition to above functions, the `config_set` API provides type specific
+functions in the vein of `git_config_get_int` and family but with an extra
+parameter, pointer to struct `config_set`.
+They all behave similarly to the `git_config_get*()` family described in
+"Querying For Specific Variables" above.
+
 Writing Config Files
 --------------------
 
-TODO
+Git gives multiple entry points in the Config API to write config values to
+files namely `git_config_set_in_file` and `git_config_set`, which write to
+a specific config file or to `.git/config` respectively. They both take a
+key/value pair as parameter.
+In the end they both call `git_config_set_multivar_in_file` which takes four
+parameters:
+
+- the name of the file, as a string, to which key/value pairs will be written.
+
+- the name of key, as a string. This is in canonical "flat" form: the section,
+  subsection, and variable segments will be separated by dots, and the section
+  and variable segments will be all lowercase.
+  E.g., `core.ignorecase`, `diff.SomeType.textconv`.
+
+- the value of the variable, as a string. If value is equal to NULL, it will
+  remove the matching key from the config file.
+
+- the value regex, as a string. It will disregard key/value pairs where value
+  does not match.
+
+- a multi_replace value, as an int. If value is equal to zero, nothing or only
+  one matching key/value is replaced, else all matching key/values (regardless
+  how many) are removed, before the new pair is written.
+
+It returns 0 on success.
+
+Also, there are functions `git_config_rename_section` and
+`git_config_rename_section_in_file` with parameters `old_name` and `new_name`
+for renaming or removing sections in the config files. If NULL is passed
+through `new_name` parameter, the section will be removed from the config file.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
index 21ca6a2553..e44426dd04 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-credentials.txt
@@ -6,8 +6,52 @@ password credentials from the user (even though credentials in the wider
 world can take many forms, in this document the word "credential" always
 refers to a username and password pair).
 
+This document describes two interfaces: the C API that the credential
+subsystem provides to the rest of Git, and the protocol that Git uses to
+communicate with system-specific "credential helpers". If you are
+writing Git code that wants to look up or prompt for credentials, see
+the section "C API" below. If you want to write your own helper, see
+the section on "Credential Helpers" below.
+
+Typical setup
+-------------
+
+------------
++-----------------------+
+| Git code (C)          |--- to server requiring --->
+|                       |        authentication
+|.......................|
+| C credential API      |--- prompt ---> User
++-----------------------+
+	^      |
+	| pipe |
+	|      v
++-----------------------+
+| Git credential helper |
++-----------------------+
+------------
+
+The Git code (typically a remote-helper) will call the C API to obtain
+credential data like a login/password pair (credential_fill). The
+API will itself call a remote helper (e.g. "git credential-cache" or
+"git credential-store") that may retrieve credential data from a
+store. If the credential helper cannot find the information, the C API
+will prompt the user. Then, the caller of the API takes care of
+contacting the server, and does the actual authentication.
+
+C API
+-----
+
+The credential C API is meant to be called by Git code which needs to
+acquire or store a credential. It is centered around an object
+representing a single credential and provides three basic operations:
+fill (acquire credentials by calling helpers and/or prompting the user),
+approve (mark a credential as successfully used so that it can be stored
+for later use), and reject (mark a credential as unsuccessful so that it
+can be erased from any persistent storage).
+
 Data Structures
----------------
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 `struct credential`::
 
@@ -21,14 +65,17 @@ Data Structures
 The `helpers` member of the struct is a `string_list` of helpers.  Each
 string specifies an external helper which will be run, in order, to
 either acquire or store credentials. See the section on credential
-helpers below.
+helpers below. This list is filled-in by the API functions
+according to the corresponding configuration variables before
+consulting helpers, so there usually is no need for a caller to
+modify the helpers field at all.
 +
 This struct should always be initialized with `CREDENTIAL_INIT` or
 `credential_init`.
 
 
 Functions
----------
+~~~~~~~~~
 
 `credential_init`::
 
@@ -72,7 +119,7 @@ Functions
 	Parse a URL into broken-down credential fields.
 
 Example
--------
+~~~~~~~
 
 The example below shows how the functions of the credential API could be
 used to login to a fictitious "foo" service on a remote host:
@@ -113,7 +160,7 @@ int foo_login(struct foo_connection *f)
 		break;
 	default:
 		/*
-		 * Some other error occured. We don't know if the
+		 * Some other error occurred. We don't know if the
 		 * credential is good or bad, so report nothing to the
 		 * credential subsystem.
 		 */
@@ -130,13 +177,15 @@ int foo_login(struct foo_connection *f)
 Credential Helpers
 ------------------
 
-Credential helpers are programs executed by git to fetch or save
+Credential helpers are programs executed by Git to fetch or save
 credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply
-longer than a single git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
+longer than a single Git process; e.g., credentials may be stored
 in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk).
 
-Each helper is specified by a single string. The string is transformed
-by git into a command to be executed using these rules:
+Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration
+variable `credential.helper` (and others, see linkgit:git-config[1]).
+The string is transformed by Git into a command to be executed using
+these rules:
 
   1. If the helper string begins with "!", it is considered a shell
      snippet, and everything after the "!" becomes the command.
@@ -192,47 +241,17 @@ appended to its command line, which is one of:
 	Remove a matching credential, if any, from the helper's storage.
 
 The details of the credential will be provided on the helper's stdin
-stream. The credential is split into a set of named attributes.
-Attributes are provided to the helper, one per line. Each attribute is
-specified by a key-value pair, separated by an `=` (equals) sign,
-followed by a newline. The key may contain any bytes except `=`,
-newline, or NUL. The value may contain any bytes except newline or NUL.
-In both cases, all bytes are treated as-is (i.e., there is no quoting,
-and one cannot transmit a value with newline or NUL in it). The list of
-attributes is terminated by a blank line or end-of-file.
-
-Git will send the following attributes (but may not send all of
-them for a given credential; for example, a `host` attribute makes no
-sense when dealing with a non-network protocol):
-
-`protocol`::
-
-	The protocol over which the credential will be used (e.g.,
-	`https`).
-
-`host`::
-
-	The remote hostname for a network credential.
-
-`path`::
-
-	The path with which the credential will be used. E.g., for
-	accessing a remote https repository, this will be the
-	repository's path on the server.
-
-`username`::
-
-	The credential's username, if we already have one (e.g., from a
-	URL, from the user, or from a previously run helper).
-
-`password`::
-
-	The credential's password, if we are asking it to be stored.
+stream. The exact format is the same as the input/output format of the
+`git credential` plumbing command (see the section `INPUT/OUTPUT
+FORMAT` in linkgit:git-credential[7] for a detailed specification).
 
 For a `get` operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes
 on stdout in the same format. A helper is free to produce a subset, or
 even no values at all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided
-attributes will overwrite those already known about by git.
+attributes will overwrite those already known about by Git.  If a helper
+outputs a `quit` attribute with a value of `true` or `1`, no further
+helpers will be consulted, nor will the user be prompted (if no
+credential has been provided, the operation will then fail).
 
 For a `store` or `erase` operation, the helper's output is ignored.
 If it fails to perform the requested operation, it may complain to
@@ -243,3 +262,10 @@ request.
 If a helper receives any other operation, it should silently ignore the
 request. This leaves room for future operations to be added (older
 helpers will just ignore the new requests).
+
+See also
+--------
+
+linkgit:gitcredentials[7]
+
+linkgit:git-config[5] (See configuration variables `credential.*`)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
index 2d2ebc04b7..8b001de0db 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-diff.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ Calling sequence
 
 * Call `diff_setup_done()`; this inspects the options set up so far for
   internal consistency and make necessary tweaking to it (e.g. if
-  textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on).
+  textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on);
+  the callback set_default in diff_options can be used to tweak this more.
 
 * As you find different pairs of files, call `diff_change()` to feed
   modified files, `diff_addremove()` to feed created or deleted files,
@@ -115,6 +116,13 @@ Notable members are:
 	operation, but some do not have anything to do with the diffcore
 	library.
 
+`touched_flags`::
+	Records whether a flag has been changed due to user request
+	(rather than just set/unset by default).
+
+`set_default`::
+	Callback which allows tweaking the options in diff_setup_done().
+
 BINARY, TEXT;;
 	Affects the way how a file that is seemingly binary is treated.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
index add6f435b5..7f8e78d916 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
@@ -9,37 +9,51 @@ Data structure
 --------------
 
 `struct dir_struct` structure is used to pass directory traversal
-options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  The notable
-options are:
+options to the library and to record the paths discovered.  A single
+`struct dir_struct` is used regardless of whether or not the traversal
+recursively descends into subdirectories.
+
+The notable options are:
 
 `exclude_per_dir`::
 
 	The name of the file to be read in each directory for excluded
 	files (typically `.gitignore`).
 
-`collect_ignored`::
+`flags`::
+
+	A bit-field of options (the `*IGNORED*` flags are mutually exclusive):
+
+`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`:::
+
+	Return just ignored files in `entries[]`, not untracked files.
+
+`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO`:::
 
-	Include paths that are to be excluded in the result.
+	Similar to `DIR_SHOW_IGNORED`, but return ignored files in `ignored[]`
+	in addition to untracked files in `entries[]`.
 
-`show_ignored`::
+`DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED`:::
 
-	The traversal is for finding just ignored files, not unignored
-	files.
+	Special mode for git-add. Return ignored files in `ignored[]` and
+	untracked files in `entries[]`. Only returns ignored files that match
+	pathspec exactly (no wildcards). Does not recurse into ignored
+	directories.
 
-`show_other_directories`::
+`DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES`:::
 
 	Include a directory that is not tracked.
 
-`hide_empty_directories`::
+`DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES`:::
 
 	Do not include a directory that is not tracked and is empty.
 
-`no_gitlinks`::
+`DIR_NO_GITLINKS`:::
 
-	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a git
+	If set, recurse into a directory that looks like a Git
 	directory.  Otherwise it is shown as a directory.
 
-The result of the enumeration is left in these fields::
+The result of the enumeration is left in these fields:
 
 `entries[]`::
 
@@ -54,6 +68,14 @@ The result of the enumeration is left in these fields::
 
 	Internal use; keeps track of allocation of `entries[]` array.
 
+`ignored[]`::
+
+	An array of `struct dir_entry`, used for ignored paths with the
+	`DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO` and `DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED` flags.
+
+`ignored_nr`::
+
+	The number of members in `ignored[]` array.
 
 Calling sequence
 ----------------
@@ -64,11 +86,13 @@ marked. If you to exclude files, make sure you have loaded index first.
 * Prepare `struct dir_struct dir` and clear it with `memset(&dir, 0,
   sizeof(dir))`.
 
-* Call `add_exclude()` to add single exclude pattern,
-  `add_excludes_from_file()` to add patterns from a file
-  (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
-  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set up
-  the standard set of exclude settings.
+* To add single exclude pattern, call `add_exclude_list()` and then
+  `add_exclude()`.
+
+* To add patterns from a file (e.g. `.git/info/exclude`), call
+  `add_excludes_from_file()` , and/or set `dir.exclude_per_dir`.  A
+  short-hand function `setup_standard_excludes()` can be used to set
+  up the standard set of exclude settings.
 
 * Set options described in the Data Structure section above.
 
@@ -76,4 +100,6 @@ marked. If you to exclude files, make sure you have loaded index first.
 
 * Use `dir.entries[]`.
 
+* Call `clear_directory()` when none of the contained elements are no longer in use.
+
 (JC)
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-error-handling.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-error-handling.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ceeedd485c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-error-handling.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+Error reporting in git
+======================
+
+`die`, `usage`, `error`, and `warning` report errors of various
+kinds.
+
+- `die` is for fatal application errors.  It prints a message to
+  the user and exits with status 128.
+
+- `usage` is for errors in command line usage.  After printing its
+  message, it exits with status 129.  (See also `usage_with_options`
+  in the link:api-parse-options.html[parse-options API].)
+
+- `error` is for non-fatal library errors.  It prints a message
+  to the user and returns -1 for convenience in signaling the error
+  to the caller.
+
+- `warning` is for reporting situations that probably should not
+  occur but which the user (and Git) can continue to work around
+  without running into too many problems.  Like `error`, it
+  returns -1 after reporting the situation to the caller.
+
+Customizable error handlers
+---------------------------
+
+The default behavior of `die` and `error` is to write a message to
+stderr and then exit or return as appropriate.  This behavior can be
+overridden using `set_die_routine` and `set_error_routine`.  For
+example, "git daemon" uses set_die_routine to write the reason `die`
+was called to syslog before exiting.
+
+Library errors
+--------------
+
+Functions return a negative integer on error.  Details beyond that
+vary from function to function:
+
+- Some functions return -1 for all errors.  Others return a more
+  specific value depending on how the caller might want to react
+  to the error.
+
+- Some functions report the error to stderr with `error`,
+  while others leave that for the caller to do.
+
+- errno is not meaningful on return from most functions (except
+  for thin wrappers for system calls).
+
+Check the function's API documentation to be sure.
+
+Caller-handled errors
+---------------------
+
+An increasing number of functions take a parameter 'struct strbuf *err'.
+On error, such functions append a message about what went wrong to the
+'err' strbuf.  The message is meant to be complete enough to be passed
+to `die` or `error` as-is.  For example:
+
+	if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+The 'err' parameter will be untouched if no error occurred, so multiple
+function calls can be chained:
+
+	t = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!t ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(t, "HEAD", ..., &err) ||
+	    ret_transaction_commit(t, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+The 'err' parameter must be a pointer to a valid strbuf.  To silence
+a message, pass a strbuf that is explicitly ignored:
+
+	if (thing_that_can_fail_in_an_ignorable_way(..., &err))
+		/* This failure is okay. */
+		strbuf_reset(&err);
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
index ce363b6305..2602668677 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-gitattributes.txt
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ static void setup_check(void)
 		The attribute is Unset, by listing the name of the
 		attribute prefixed with a dash - for the path.
 	} else if (ATTR_UNSET(value)) {
-		The attribute is not set nor unset for the path.
+		The attribute is neither set nor unset for the path.
 	} else if (!strcmp(value, "input")) {
 		If none of ATTR_TRUE(), ATTR_FALSE(), or ATTR_UNSET() is
 		true, the value is a string set in the gitattributes
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index e5061e0677..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-hash.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-hash API
-========
-
-The hash API is a collection of simple hash table functions. Users are expected
-to implement their own hashing.
-
-Data Structures
----------------
-
-`struct hash_table`::
-
-	The hash table structure. The `array` member points to the hash table
-	entries. The `size` member counts the total number of valid and invalid
-	entries in the table. The `nr` member keeps track of the number of
-	valid entries.
-
-`struct hash_table_entry`::
-
-	An opaque structure representing an entry in the hash table. The `hash`
-	member is the entry's hash key and the `ptr` member is the entry's
-	value.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-`init_hash`::
-
-	Initialize the hash table.
-
-`free_hash`::
-
-	Release memory associated with the hash table.
-
-`insert_hash`::
-
-	Insert a pointer into the hash table. If an entry with that hash
-	already exists, a pointer to the existing entry's value is returned.
-	Otherwise NULL is returned.  This allows callers to implement
-	chaining, etc.
-
-`lookup_hash`::
-
-	Lookup an entry in the hash table. If an entry with that hash exists
-	the entry's value is returned. Otherwise NULL is returned.
-
-`for_each_hash`::
-
-	Call a function for each entry in the hash table. The function is
-	expected to take the entry's value as its only argument and return an
-	int. If the function returns a negative int the loop is aborted
-	immediately.  Otherwise, the return value is accumulated and the sum
-	returned upon completion of the loop.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad7a5bddd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+hashmap API
+===========
+
+The hashmap API is a generic implementation of hash-based key-value mappings.
+
+Data Structures
+---------------
+
+`struct hashmap`::
+
+	The hash table structure. Members can be used as follows, but should
+	not be modified directly:
++
+The `size` member keeps track of the total number of entries (0 means the
+hashmap is empty).
++
+`tablesize` is the allocated size of the hash table. A non-0 value indicates
+that the hashmap is initialized. It may also be useful for statistical purposes
+(i.e. `size / tablesize` is the current load factor).
++
+`cmpfn` stores the comparison function specified in `hashmap_init()`. In
+advanced scenarios, it may be useful to change this, e.g. to switch between
+case-sensitive and case-insensitive lookup.
+
+`struct hashmap_entry`::
+
+	An opaque structure representing an entry in the hash table, which must
+	be used as first member of user data structures. Ideally it should be
+	followed by an int-sized member to prevent unused memory on 64-bit
+	systems due to alignment.
++
+The `hash` member is the entry's hash code and the `next` member points to the
+next entry in case of collisions (i.e. if multiple entries map to the same
+bucket).
+
+`struct hashmap_iter`::
+
+	An iterator structure, to be used with hashmap_iter_* functions.
+
+Types
+-----
+
+`int (*hashmap_cmp_fn)(const void *entry, const void *entry_or_key, const void *keydata)`::
+
+	User-supplied function to test two hashmap entries for equality. Shall
+	return 0 if the entries are equal.
++
+This function is always called with non-NULL `entry` / `entry_or_key`
+parameters that have the same hash code. When looking up an entry, the `key`
+and `keydata` parameters to hashmap_get and hashmap_remove are always passed
+as second and third argument, respectively. Otherwise, `keydata` is NULL.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+`unsigned int strhash(const char *buf)`::
+`unsigned int strihash(const char *buf)`::
+`unsigned int memhash(const void *buf, size_t len)`::
+`unsigned int memihash(const void *buf, size_t len)`::
+
+	Ready-to-use hash functions for strings, using the FNV-1 algorithm (see
+	http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv).
++
+`strhash` and `strihash` take 0-terminated strings, while `memhash` and
+`memihash` operate on arbitrary-length memory.
++
+`strihash` and `memihash` are case insensitive versions.
+
+`unsigned int sha1hash(const unsigned char *sha1)`::
+
+	Converts a cryptographic hash (e.g. SHA-1) into an int-sized hash code
+	for use in hash tables. Cryptographic hashes are supposed to have
+	uniform distribution, so in contrast to `memhash()`, this just copies
+	the first `sizeof(int)` bytes without shuffling any bits. Note that
+	the results will be different on big-endian and little-endian
+	platforms, so they should not be stored or transferred over the net.
+
+`void hashmap_init(struct hashmap *map, hashmap_cmp_fn equals_function, size_t initial_size)`::
+
+	Initializes a hashmap structure.
++
+`map` is the hashmap to initialize.
++
+The `equals_function` can be specified to compare two entries for equality.
+If NULL, entries are considered equal if their hash codes are equal.
++
+If the total number of entries is known in advance, the `initial_size`
+parameter may be used to preallocate a sufficiently large table and thus
+prevent expensive resizing. If 0, the table is dynamically resized.
+
+`void hashmap_free(struct hashmap *map, int free_entries)`::
+
+	Frees a hashmap structure and allocated memory.
++
+`map` is the hashmap to free.
++
+If `free_entries` is true, each hashmap_entry in the map is freed as well
+(using stdlib's free()).
+
+`void hashmap_entry_init(void *entry, unsigned int hash)`::
+
+	Initializes a hashmap_entry structure.
++
+`entry` points to the entry to initialize.
++
+`hash` is the hash code of the entry.
+
+`void *hashmap_get(const struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)`::
+
+	Returns the hashmap entry for the specified key, or NULL if not found.
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`key` is a hashmap_entry structure (or user data structure that starts with
+hashmap_entry) that has at least been initialized with the proper hash code
+(via `hashmap_entry_init`).
++
+If an entry with matching hash code is found, `key` and `keydata` are passed
+to `hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key.
+
+`void *hashmap_get_from_hash(const struct hashmap *map, unsigned int hash, const void *keydata)`::
+
+	Returns the hashmap entry for the specified hash code and key data,
+	or NULL if not found.
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`hash` is the hash code of the entry to look up.
++
+If an entry with matching hash code is found, `keydata` is passed to
+`hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key. The
+`entry_or_key` parameter points to a bogus hashmap_entry structure that
+should not be used in the comparison.
+
+`void *hashmap_get_next(const struct hashmap *map, const void *entry)`::
+
+	Returns the next equal hashmap entry, or NULL if not found. This can be
+	used to iterate over duplicate entries (see `hashmap_add`).
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`entry` is the hashmap_entry to start the search from, obtained via a previous
+call to `hashmap_get` or `hashmap_get_next`.
+
+`void hashmap_add(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)`::
+
+	Adds a hashmap entry. This allows to add duplicate entries (i.e.
+	separate values with the same key according to hashmap_cmp_fn).
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`entry` is the entry to add.
+
+`void *hashmap_put(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)`::
+
+	Adds or replaces a hashmap entry. If the hashmap contains duplicate
+	entries equal to the specified entry, only one of them will be replaced.
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`entry` is the entry to add or replace.
++
+Returns the replaced entry, or NULL if not found (i.e. the entry was added).
+
+`void *hashmap_remove(struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)`::
+
+	Removes a hashmap entry matching the specified key. If the hashmap
+	contains duplicate entries equal to the specified key, only one of
+	them will be removed.
++
+`map` is the hashmap structure.
++
+`key` is a hashmap_entry structure (or user data structure that starts with
+hashmap_entry) that has at least been initialized with the proper hash code
+(via `hashmap_entry_init`).
++
+If an entry with matching hash code is found, `key` and `keydata` are
+passed to `hashmap_cmp_fn` to decide whether the entry matches the key.
++
+Returns the removed entry, or NULL if not found.
+
+`void hashmap_iter_init(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter)`::
+`void *hashmap_iter_next(struct hashmap_iter *iter)`::
+`void *hashmap_iter_first(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter)`::
+
+	Used to iterate over all entries of a hashmap.
++
+`hashmap_iter_init` initializes a `hashmap_iter` structure.
++
+`hashmap_iter_next` returns the next hashmap_entry, or NULL if there are no
+more entries.
++
+`hashmap_iter_first` is a combination of both (i.e. initializes the iterator
+and returns the first entry, if any).
+
+`const char *strintern(const char *string)`::
+`const void *memintern(const void *data, size_t len)`::
+
+	Returns the unique, interned version of the specified string or data,
+	similar to the `String.intern` API in Java and .NET, respectively.
+	Interned strings remain valid for the entire lifetime of the process.
++
+Can be used as `[x]strdup()` or `xmemdupz` replacement, except that interned
+strings / data must not be modified or freed.
++
+Interned strings are best used for short strings with high probability of
+duplicates.
++
+Uses a hashmap to store the pool of interned strings.
+
+Usage example
+-------------
+
+Here's a simple usage example that maps long keys to double values.
+------------
+struct hashmap map;
+
+struct long2double {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent; /* must be the first member! */
+	long key;
+	double value;
+};
+
+static int long2double_cmp(const struct long2double *e1, const struct long2double *e2, const void *unused)
+{
+	return !(e1->key == e2->key);
+}
+
+void long2double_init(void)
+{
+	hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) long2double_cmp, 0);
+}
+
+void long2double_free(void)
+{
+	hashmap_free(&map, 1);
+}
+
+static struct long2double *find_entry(long key)
+{
+	struct long2double k;
+	hashmap_entry_init(&k, memhash(&key, sizeof(long)));
+	k.key = key;
+	return hashmap_get(&map, &k, NULL);
+}
+
+double get_value(long key)
+{
+	struct long2double *e = find_entry(key);
+	return e ? e->value : 0;
+}
+
+void set_value(long key, double value)
+{
+	struct long2double *e = find_entry(key);
+	if (!e) {
+		e = malloc(sizeof(struct long2double));
+		hashmap_entry_init(e, memhash(&key, sizeof(long)));
+		e->key = key;
+		hashmap_add(&map, e);
+	}
+	e->value = value;
+}
+------------
+
+Using variable-sized keys
+-------------------------
+
+The `hashmap_entry_get` and `hashmap_entry_remove` functions expect an ordinary
+`hashmap_entry` structure as key to find the correct entry. If the key data is
+variable-sized (e.g. a FLEX_ARRAY string) or quite large, it is undesirable
+to create a full-fledged entry structure on the heap and copy all the key data
+into the structure.
+
+In this case, the `keydata` parameter can be used to pass
+variable-sized key data directly to the comparison function, and the `key`
+parameter can be a stripped-down, fixed size entry structure allocated on the
+stack.
+
+See test-hashmap.c for an example using arbitrary-length strings as keys.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
index d6fc90ac7e..18142b6d29 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-history-graph.txt
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ The following utility functions are wrappers around `graph_next_line()` and
 They can all be called with a NULL graph argument, in which case no graph
 output will be printed.
 
-* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` until it returns non-zero.
-  This prints all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this
-  commit.  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain
-  a terminating newline.  This should not be called if the commit line has
-  already been printed, or it will loop forever.
+* `graph_show_commit()` calls `graph_next_line()` and
+  `graph_is_commit_finished()` until one of them return non-zero.  This prints
+  all graph lines up to, and including, the line containing this commit.
+  Output is printed to stdout.  The last line printed does not contain a
+  terminating newline.
 
 * `graph_show_oneline()` calls `graph_next_line()` and prints the result to
   stdout.  The line printed does not contain a terminating newline.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
index af7cc2e395..eda8c195c1 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-index-skel.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT API Documents
+Git API Documents
 =================
 
-GIT has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
+Git has grown a set of internal API over time.  This collection
 documents them.
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -11,5 +11,3 @@ documents them.
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // table of contents end
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-2007-11-24
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt
index dd894043ae..93b5f23e4c 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt
@@ -3,20 +3,132 @@ lockfile API
 
 The lockfile API serves two purposes:
 
-* Mutual exclusion.  When we write out a new index file, first
-  we create a new file `$GIT_DIR/index.lock`, write the new
-  contents into it, and rename it to the final destination
-  `$GIT_DIR/index`.  We try to create the `$GIT_DIR/index.lock`
-  file with O_EXCL so that we can notice and fail when somebody
-  else is already trying to update the index file.
-
-* Automatic cruft removal.  After we create the "lock" file, we
-  may decide to `die()`, and we would want to make sure that we
-  remove the file that has not been committed to its final
-  destination.  This is done by remembering the lockfiles we
-  created in a linked list and cleaning them up from an
-  `atexit(3)` handler.  Outstanding lockfiles are also removed
-  when the program dies on a signal.
+* Mutual exclusion and atomic file updates. When we want to change a
+  file, we create a lockfile `<filename>.lock`, write the new file
+  contents into it, and then rename the lockfile to its final
+  destination `<filename>`. We create the `<filename>.lock` file with
+  `O_CREAT|O_EXCL` so that we can notice and fail if somebody else has
+  already locked the file, then atomically rename the lockfile to its
+  final destination to commit the changes and unlock the file.
+
+* Automatic cruft removal. If the program exits after we lock a file
+  but before the changes have been committed, we want to make sure
+  that we remove the lockfile. This is done by remembering the
+  lockfiles we have created in a linked list and setting up an
+  `atexit(3)` handler and a signal handler that clean up the
+  lockfiles. This mechanism ensures that outstanding lockfiles are
+  cleaned up if the program exits (including when `die()` is called)
+  or if the program dies on a signal.
+
+Please note that lockfiles only block other writers. Readers do not
+block, but they are guaranteed to see either the old contents of the
+file or the new contents of the file (assuming that the filesystem
+implements `rename(2)` atomically).
+
+
+Calling sequence
+----------------
+
+The caller:
+
+* Allocates a `struct lock_file` either as a static variable or on the
+  heap, initialized to zeros. Once you use the structure to call the
+  `hold_lock_file_*` family of functions, it belongs to the lockfile
+  subsystem and its storage must remain valid throughout the life of
+  the program (i.e. you cannot use an on-stack variable to hold this
+  structure).
+
+* Attempts to create a lockfile by passing that variable and the path
+  of the final destination (e.g. `$GIT_DIR/index`) to
+  `hold_lock_file_for_update` or `hold_lock_file_for_append`.
+
+* Writes new content for the destination file by either:
+
+  * writing to the file descriptor returned by the `hold_lock_file_*`
+    functions (also available via `lock->fd`).
+
+  * calling `fdopen_lock_file` to get a `FILE` pointer for the open
+    file and writing to the file using stdio.
+
+When finished writing, the caller can:
+
+* Close the file descriptor and rename the lockfile to its final
+  destination by calling `commit_lock_file` or `commit_lock_file_to`.
+
+* Close the file descriptor and remove the lockfile by calling
+  `rollback_lock_file`.
+
+* Close the file descriptor without removing or renaming the lockfile
+  by calling `close_lock_file`, and later call `commit_lock_file`,
+  `commit_lock_file_to`, `rollback_lock_file`, or `reopen_lock_file`.
+
+Even after the lockfile is committed or rolled back, the `lock_file`
+object must not be freed or altered by the caller. However, it may be
+reused; just pass it to another call of `hold_lock_file_for_update` or
+`hold_lock_file_for_append`.
+
+If the program exits before you have called one of `commit_lock_file`,
+`commit_lock_file_to`, `rollback_lock_file`, or `close_lock_file`, an
+`atexit(3)` handler will close and remove the lockfile, rolling back
+any uncommitted changes.
+
+If you need to close the file descriptor you obtained from a
+`hold_lock_file_*` function yourself, do so by calling
+`close_lock_file`. You should never call `close(2)` or `fclose(3)`
+yourself! Otherwise the `struct lock_file` structure would still think
+that the file descriptor needs to be closed, and a commit or rollback
+would result in duplicate calls to `close(2)`. Worse yet, if you close
+and then later open another file descriptor for a completely different
+purpose, then a commit or rollback might close that unrelated file
+descriptor.
+
+
+Error handling
+--------------
+
+The `hold_lock_file_*` functions return a file descriptor on success
+or -1 on failure (unless `LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR` is used; see below). On
+errors, `errno` describes the reason for failure. Errors can be
+reported by passing `errno` to one of the following helper functions:
+
+unable_to_lock_message::
+
+	Append an appropriate error message to a `strbuf`.
+
+unable_to_lock_error::
+
+	Emit an appropriate error message using `error()`.
+
+unable_to_lock_die::
+
+	Emit an appropriate error message and `die()`.
+
+Similarly, `commit_lock_file`, `commit_lock_file_to`, and
+`close_lock_file` return 0 on success. On failure they set `errno`
+appropriately, do their best to roll back the lockfile, and return -1.
+
+
+Flags
+-----
+
+The following flags can be passed to `hold_lock_file_for_update` or
+`hold_lock_file_for_append`:
+
+LOCK_NO_DEREF::
+
+	Usually symbolic links in the destination path are resolved
+	and the lockfile is created by adding ".lock" to the resolved
+	path. If `LOCK_NO_DEREF` is set, then the lockfile is created
+	by adding ".lock" to the path argument itself. This option is
+	used, for example, when locking a symbolic reference, which
+	for backwards-compatibility reasons can be a symbolic link
+	containing the name of the referred-to-reference.
+
+LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR::
+
+	If a lock is already taken for the file, `die()` with an error
+	message. If this option is not specified, trying to lock a
+	file that is already locked returns -1 to the caller.
 
 
 The functions
@@ -24,51 +136,85 @@ The functions
 
 hold_lock_file_for_update::
 
-	Take a pointer to `struct lock_file`, the filename of
-	the final destination (e.g. `$GIT_DIR/index`) and a flag
-	`die_on_error`.  Attempt to create a lockfile for the
-	destination and return the file descriptor for writing
-	to the file.  If `die_on_error` flag is true, it dies if
-	a lock is already taken for the file; otherwise it
-	returns a negative integer to the caller on failure.
+	Take a pointer to `struct lock_file`, the path of the file to
+	be locked (e.g. `$GIT_DIR/index`) and a flags argument (see
+	above). Attempt to create a lockfile for the destination and
+	return the file descriptor for writing to the file.
+
+hold_lock_file_for_append::
+
+	Like `hold_lock_file_for_update`, but before returning copy
+	the existing contents of the file (if any) to the lockfile and
+	position its write pointer at the end of the file.
+
+fdopen_lock_file::
+
+	Associate a stdio stream with the lockfile. Return NULL
+	(*without* rolling back the lockfile) on error. The stream is
+	closed automatically when `close_lock_file` is called or when
+	the file is committed or rolled back.
+
+get_locked_file_path::
+
+	Return the path of the file that is locked by the specified
+	lock_file object. The caller must free the memory.
 
 commit_lock_file::
 
-	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
-	with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
-	close the file descriptor and rename the lockfile to its
-	final destination.  Returns 0 upon success, a negative
-	value on failure to close(2) or rename(2).
+	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized with an
+	earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update` or
+	`hold_lock_file_for_append`, close the file descriptor, and
+	rename the lockfile to its final destination. Return 0 upon
+	success. On failure, roll back the lock file and return -1,
+	with `errno` set to the value from the failing call to
+	`close(2)` or `rename(2)`. It is a bug to call
+	`commit_lock_file` for a `lock_file` object that is not
+	currently locked.
+
+commit_lock_file_to::
+
+	Like `commit_lock_file()`, except that it takes an explicit
+	`path` argument to which the lockfile should be renamed. The
+	`path` must be on the same filesystem as the lock file.
 
 rollback_lock_file::
 
-	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
-	with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
-	close the file descriptor and remove the lockfile.
+	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized with an
+	earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update` or
+	`hold_lock_file_for_append`, close the file descriptor and
+	remove the lockfile. It is a NOOP to call
+	`rollback_lock_file()` for a `lock_file` object that has
+	already been committed or rolled back.
 
 close_lock_file::
-	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized
-	with an earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update()`,
-	and close the file descriptor.  Returns 0 upon success,
-	a negative value on failure to close(2).
-
-Because the structure is used in an `atexit(3)` handler, its
-storage has to stay throughout the life of the program.  It
-cannot be an auto variable allocated on the stack.
-
-Call `commit_lock_file()` or `rollback_lock_file()` when you are
-done writing to the file descriptor.  If you do not call either
-and simply `exit(3)` from the program, an `atexit(3)` handler
-will close and remove the lockfile.
-
-If you need to close the file descriptor you obtained from
-`hold_lock_file_for_update` function yourself, do so by calling
-`close_lock_file()`.  You should never call `close(2)` yourself!
-Otherwise the `struct
-lock_file` structure still remembers that the file descriptor
-needs to be closed, and a later call to `commit_lock_file()` or
-`rollback_lock_file()` will result in duplicate calls to
-`close(2)`.  Worse yet, if you `close(2)`, open another file
-descriptor for completely different purpose, and then call
-`commit_lock_file()` or `rollback_lock_file()`, they may close
-that unrelated file descriptor.
+
+	Take a pointer to the `struct lock_file` initialized with an
+	earlier call to `hold_lock_file_for_update` or
+	`hold_lock_file_for_append`. Close the file descriptor (and
+	the file pointer if it has been opened using
+	`fdopen_lock_file`). Return 0 upon success. On failure to
+	`close(2)`, return a negative value and roll back the lock
+	file. Usually `commit_lock_file`, `commit_lock_file_to`, or
+	`rollback_lock_file` should eventually be called if
+	`close_lock_file` succeeds.
+
+reopen_lock_file::
+
+	Re-open a lockfile that has been closed (using
+	`close_lock_file`) but not yet committed or rolled back. This
+	can be used to implement a sequence of operations like the
+	following:
+
+	* Lock file.
+
+	* Write new contents to lockfile, then `close_lock_file` to
+	  cause the contents to be written to disk.
+
+	* Pass the name of the lockfile to another program to allow it
+	  (and nobody else) to inspect the contents you wrote, while
+	  still holding the lock yourself.
+
+	* `reopen_lock_file` to reopen the lockfile. Make further
+	  updates to the contents.
+
+	* `commit_lock_file` to make the final version permanent.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
index 2527b7e8d7..1f2db31312 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-parse-options.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 parse-options API
 =================
 
-The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in git
+The parse-options API is used to parse and massage options in Git
 and to provide a usage help with consistent look.
 
 Basics
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ that allow to change the behavior of a command.
 * There are basically two forms of options:
   'Short options' consist of one dash (`-`) and one alphanumeric
   character.
-  'Long options' begin with two dashes (`\--`) and some
+  'Long options' begin with two dashes (`--`) and some
   alphanumeric characters.
 
 * Options are case-sensitive.
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ that allow to change the behavior of a command.
 
 The parse-options API allows:
 
-* 'sticked' and 'separate form' of options with arguments.
-  `-oArg` is sticked, `-o Arg` is separate form.
-  `\--option=Arg` is sticked, `\--option Arg` is separate form.
+* 'stuck' and 'separate form' of options with arguments.
+  `-oArg` is stuck, `-o Arg` is separate form.
+  `--option=Arg` is stuck, `--option Arg` is separate form.
 
 * Long options may be 'abbreviated', as long as the abbreviation
   is unambiguous.
@@ -39,12 +39,14 @@ The parse-options API allows:
 * Short options may be bundled, e.g. `-a -b` can be specified as `-ab`.
 
 * Boolean long options can be 'negated' (or 'unset') by prepending
-  `no-`, e.g. `\--no-abbrev` instead of `\--abbrev`. Conversely,
+  `no-`, e.g. `--no-abbrev` instead of `--abbrev`. Conversely,
   options that begin with `no-` can be 'negated' by removing it.
+  Other long options can be unset (e.g., set string to NULL, set
+  integer to 0) by prepending `no-`.
 
-* Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the `\--`
-  option, e.g. `-a -b \--option \-- \--this-is-a-file` indicates that
-  `\--this-is-a-file` must not be processed as an option.
+* Options and non-option arguments can clearly be separated using the `--`
+  option, e.g. `-a -b --option -- --this-is-a-file` indicates that
+  `--this-is-a-file` must not be processed as an option.
 
 Steps to parse options
 ----------------------
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ before the full parser, which in turn shows the full help message.
 Flags are the bitwise-or of:
 
 `PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH`::
-	Keep the `\--` that usually separates options from
+	Keep the `--` that usually separates options from
 	non-option arguments.
 
 `PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION`::
@@ -114,22 +116,22 @@ say `static struct option builtin_add_options[]`.
 There are some macros to easily define options:
 
 `OPT__ABBREV(&int_var)`::
-	Add `\--abbrev[=<n>]`.
+	Add `--abbrev[=<n>]`.
 
 `OPT__COLOR(&int_var, description)`::
-	Add `\--color[=<when>]` and `--no-color`.
+	Add `--color[=<when>]` and `--no-color`.
 
 `OPT__DRY_RUN(&int_var, description)`::
-	Add `-n, \--dry-run`.
+	Add `-n, --dry-run`.
 
 `OPT__FORCE(&int_var, description)`::
-	Add `-f, \--force`.
+	Add `-f, --force`.
 
 `OPT__QUIET(&int_var, description)`::
-	Add `-q, \--quiet`.
+	Add `-q, --quiet`.
 
 `OPT__VERBOSE(&int_var, description)`::
-	Add `-v, \--verbose`.
+	Add `-v, --verbose`.
 
 `OPT_GROUP(description)`::
 	Start an option group. `description` is a short string that
@@ -158,10 +160,6 @@ There are some macros to easily define options:
 	`int_var` is set to `integer` with `--option`, and
 	reset to zero with `--no-option`.
 
-`OPT_SET_PTR(short, long, &ptr_var, description, ptr)`::
-	Introduce a boolean option.
-	If used, set `ptr_var` to `ptr`.
-
 `OPT_STRING(short, long, &str_var, arg_str, description)`::
 	Introduce an option with string argument.
 	The string argument is put into `str_var`.
@@ -174,6 +172,10 @@ There are some macros to easily define options:
 	Introduce an option with date argument, see `approxidate()`.
 	The timestamp is put into `int_var`.
 
+`OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(short, long, &int_var, description)`::
+	Introduce an option with expiry date argument, see `parse_expiry_date()`.
+	The timestamp is put into `int_var`.
+
 `OPT_CALLBACK(short, long, &var, arg_str, description, func_ptr)`::
 	Introduce an option with argument.
 	The argument will be fed into the function given by `func_ptr`
@@ -216,10 +218,10 @@ The last element of the array must be `OPT_END()`.
 If not stated otherwise, interpret the arguments as follows:
 
 * `short` is a character for the short option
-  (e.g. `{apostrophe}e{apostrophe}` for `-e`, use `0` to omit),
+  (e.g. `'e'` for `-e`, use `0` to omit),
 
 * `long` is a string for the long option
-  (e.g. `"example"` for `\--example`, use `NULL` to omit),
+  (e.g. `"example"` for `--example`, use `NULL` to omit),
 
 * `int_var` is an integer variable,
 
@@ -243,10 +245,10 @@ The function must be defined in this form:
 The callback mechanism is as follows:
 
 * Inside `func`, the only interesting member of the structure
-  given by `opt` is the void pointer `opt\->value`.
-  `\*opt\->value` will be the value that is saved into `var`, if you
+  given by `opt` is the void pointer `opt->value`.
+  `*opt->value` will be the value that is saved into `var`, if you
   use `OPT_CALLBACK()`.
-  For example, do `*(unsigned long *)opt\->value = 42;` to get 42
+  For example, do `*(unsigned long *)opt->value = 42;` to get 42
   into an `unsigned long` variable.
 
 * Return value `0` indicates success and non-zero return
@@ -269,10 +271,10 @@ Examples
 --------
 
 See `test-parse-options.c` and
-`builtin-add.c`,
-`builtin-clone.c`,
-`builtin-commit.c`,
-`builtin-fetch.c`,
-`builtin-fsck.c`,
-`builtin-rm.c`
+`builtin/add.c`,
+`builtin/clone.c`,
+`builtin/commit.c`,
+`builtin/fetch.c`,
+`builtin/fsck.c`,
+`builtin/rm.c`
 for real-world examples.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
index dbbea95db7..02adfd45d3 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-ref-iteration.txt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Iteration functions
 * `head_ref_submodule()`, `for_each_ref_submodule()`,
   `for_each_ref_in_submodule()`, `for_each_tag_ref_submodule()`,
   `for_each_branch_ref_submodule()`, `for_each_remote_ref_submodule()`
-  do the same as the functions descibed above but for a specified
+  do the same as the functions described above but for a specified
   submodule.
 
 * `for_each_rawref()` can be used to learn about broken ref and symref.
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ submodules object database. You can do this by a code-snippet like
 this:
 
 	const char *path = "path/to/submodule"
-	if (!add_submodule_odb(path))
+	if (add_submodule_odb(path))
 		die("Error submodule '%s' not populated.", path);
 
-`add_submodule_odb()` will return an non-zero value on success. If you
+`add_submodule_odb()` will return zero on success. If you
 do not do this you will get an error for each ref that it does not point
 to a valid object.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
index c54b17db69..5d245aa9d1 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-remote.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ Remotes configuration API
 
 The API in remote.h gives access to the configuration related to
 remotes. It handles all three configuration mechanisms historically
-and currently used by git, and presents the information in a uniform
+and currently used by Git, and presents the information in a uniform
 fashion. Note that the code also handles plain URLs without any
 configuration, giving them just the default information.
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ struct remote
 `receivepack`, `uploadpack`::
 
 	The configured helper programs to run on the remote side, for
-	git-native protocols.
+	Git-native protocols.
 
 `http_proxy`::
 
@@ -58,16 +58,16 @@ default remote, given the current branch and configuration.
 struct refspec
 --------------
 
-A struct refspec holds the parsed interpretation of a refspec. If it
-will force updates (starts with a '+'), force is true. If it is a
-pattern (sides end with '*') pattern is true. src and dest are the two
-sides (if a pattern, only the part outside of the wildcards); if there
-is only one side, it is src, and dst is NULL; if sides exist but are
-empty (i.e., the refspec either starts or ends with ':'), the
-corresponding side is "".
+A struct refspec holds the parsed interpretation of a refspec.  If it
+will force updates (starts with a '+'), force is true.  If it is a
+pattern (sides end with '*') pattern is true.  src and dest are the
+two sides (including '*' characters if present); if there is only one
+side, it is src, and dst is NULL; if sides exist but are empty (i.e.,
+the refspec either starts or ends with ':'), the corresponding side is
+"".
 
-This parsing can be done to an array of strings to give an array of
-struct refpsecs with parse_ref_spec().
+An array of strings can be parsed into an array of struct refspecs
+using parse_fetch_refspec() or parse_push_refspec().
 
 remote_find_tracking(), given a remote and a struct refspec with
 either src or dst filled out, will fill out the other such that the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
index 996da0503a..55b878ade8 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-revision-walking.txt
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ function.
 	returning a `struct commit *` each time you call it. The end of the
 	revision list is indicated by returning a NULL pointer.
 
+`reset_revision_walk`::
+
+	Reset the flags used by the revision walking api. You can use
+	this to do multiple sequential revision walks.
+
 Data structures
 ---------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
index f18b4f4817..a9fdb45b93 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-run-command.txt
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@ produces in the caller in order to process it.
 Functions
 ---------
 
+`child_process_init`::
+
+	Initialize a struct child_process variable.
+
 `start_command`::
 
 	Start a sub-process. Takes a pointer to a `struct child_process`
@@ -55,10 +59,8 @@ The functions above do the following:
   non-zero.
 
 . If the program terminated due to a signal, then the return value is the
-  signal number - 128, ie. it is negative and so indicates an unusual
-  condition; a diagnostic is printed. This return value can be passed to
-  exit(2), which will report the same code to the parent process that a
-  POSIX shell's $? would report for a program that died from the signal.
+  signal number + 128, ie. the same value that a POSIX shell's $? would
+  report.  A diagnostic is printed.
 
 
 `start_async`::
@@ -98,8 +100,8 @@ command to run in a sub-process.
 
 The caller:
 
-1. allocates and clears (memset(&chld, 0, sizeof(chld));) a
-   struct child_process variable;
+1. allocates and clears (using child_process_init() or
+   CHILD_PROCESS_INIT) a struct child_process variable;
 2. initializes the members;
 3. calls start_command();
 4. processes the data;
@@ -111,6 +113,13 @@ terminated), of which .argv[0] is the program name to run (usually
 without a path). If the command to run is a git command, set argv[0] to
 the command name without the 'git-' prefix and set .git_cmd = 1.
 
+Note that the ownership of the memory pointed to by .argv stays with the
+caller, but it should survive until `finish_command` completes. If the
+.argv member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the .args
+`argv_array` (so you may use one or the other, but you must use exactly
+one). The memory in .args will be cleaned up automatically during
+`finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
+
 The members .in, .out, .err are used to redirect stdin, stdout,
 stderr as follows:
 
@@ -160,6 +169,11 @@ string pointers (NULL terminated) in .env:
 . If the string does not contain '=', it names an environment
   variable that will be removed from the child process's environment.
 
+If the .env member is NULL, `start_command` will point it at the
+.env_array `argv_array` (so you may use one or the other, but not both).
+The memory in .env_array will be cleaned up automatically during
+`finish_command` (or during `start_command` when it is unsuccessful).
+
 To specify a new initial working directory for the sub-process,
 specify it in the .dir member.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
index 4f63a04d7d..540e455689 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-setup.txt
@@ -8,6 +8,42 @@ Talk about
 * is_inside_git_dir()
 * is_inside_work_tree()
 * setup_work_tree()
-* get_pathspec()
 
 (Dscho)
+
+Pathspec
+--------
+
+See glossary-context.txt for the syntax of pathspec. In memory, a
+pathspec set is represented by "struct pathspec" and is prepared by
+parse_pathspec(). This function takes several arguments:
+
+- magic_mask specifies what features that are NOT supported by the
+  following code. If a user attempts to use such a feature,
+  parse_pathspec() can reject it early.
+
+- flags specifies other things that the caller wants parse_pathspec to
+  perform.
+
+- prefix and args come from cmd_* functions
+
+get_pathspec() is obsolete and should never be used in new code.
+
+parse_pathspec() helps catch unsupported features and reject them
+politely. At a lower level, different pathspec-related functions may
+not support the same set of features. Such pathspec-sensitive
+functions are guarded with GUARD_PATHSPEC(), which will die in an
+unfriendly way when an unsupported feature is requested.
+
+The command designers are supposed to make sure that GUARD_PATHSPEC()
+never dies. They have to make sure all unsupported features are caught
+by parse_pathspec(), not by GUARD_PATHSPEC. grepping GUARD_PATHSPEC()
+should give the designers all pathspec-sensitive codepaths and what
+features they support.
+
+A similar process is applied when a new pathspec magic is added. The
+designer lifts the GUARD_PATHSPEC restriction in the functions that
+support the new magic. At the same time (s)he has to make sure this
+new feature will be caught at parse_pathspec() in commands that cannot
+handle the new magic in some cases. grepping parse_pathspec() should
+help.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
index 4a4bae8109..3e75497a37 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-sha1-array.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 sha1-array API
 ==============
 
-The sha1-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of SHA1
+The sha1-array API provides storage and manipulation of sets of SHA-1
 identifiers. The emphasis is on storage and processing efficiency,
 making them suitable for large lists. Note that the ordering of items is
 not preserved over some operations.
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Data Structures
 
 `struct sha1_array`::
 
-	A single array of SHA1 hashes. This should be initialized by
+	A single array of SHA-1 hashes. This should be initialized by
 	assignment from `SHA1_ARRAY_INIT`.  The `sha1` member contains
 	the actual data. The `nr` member contains the number of items in
 	the set.  The `alloc` and `sorted` members are used internally,
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@ Functions
 	the array (but note that some operations below may lose this
 	ordering).
 
-`sha1_array_sort`::
-	Sort the elements in the array.
-
 `sha1_array_lookup`::
 	Perform a binary search of the array for a specific sha1.
 	If found, returns the offset (in number of elements) of the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 95a8bf3846..0000000000
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,288 +0,0 @@
-strbuf API
-==========
-
-strbuf's are meant to be used with all the usual C string and memory
-APIs. Given that the length of the buffer is known, it's often better to
-use the mem* functions than a str* one (memchr vs. strchr e.g.).
-Though, one has to be careful about the fact that str* functions often
-stop on NULs and that strbufs may have embedded NULs.
-
-An strbuf is NUL terminated for convenience, but no function in the
-strbuf API actually relies on the string being free of NULs.
-
-strbufs has some invariants that are very important to keep in mind:
-
-. The `buf` member is never NULL, so it can be used in any usual C
-string operations safely. strbuf's _have_ to be initialized either by
-`strbuf_init()` or by `= STRBUF_INIT` before the invariants, though.
-+
-Do *not* assume anything on what `buf` really is (e.g. if it is
-allocated memory or not), use `strbuf_detach()` to unwrap a memory
-buffer from its strbuf shell in a safe way. That is the sole supported
-way. This will give you a malloced buffer that you can later `free()`.
-+
-However, it is totally safe to modify anything in the string pointed by
-the `buf` member, between the indices `0` and `len-1` (inclusive).
-
-. The `buf` member is a byte array that has at least `len + 1` bytes
-  allocated. The extra byte is used to store a `'\0'`, allowing the
-  `buf` member to be a valid C-string. Every strbuf function ensure this
-  invariant is preserved.
-+
-NOTE: It is OK to "play" with the buffer directly if you work it this
-      way:
-+
-----
-strbuf_grow(sb, SOME_SIZE); <1>
-strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + SOME_OTHER_SIZE);
-----
-<1> Here, the memory array starting at `sb->buf`, and of length
-`strbuf_avail(sb)` is all yours, and you can be sure that
-`strbuf_avail(sb)` is at least `SOME_SIZE`.
-+
-NOTE: `SOME_OTHER_SIZE` must be smaller or equal to `strbuf_avail(sb)`.
-+
-Doing so is safe, though if it has to be done in many places, adding the
-missing API to the strbuf module is the way to go.
-+
-WARNING: Do _not_ assume that the area that is yours is of size `alloc
-- 1` even if it's true in the current implementation. Alloc is somehow a
-"private" member that should not be messed with. Use `strbuf_avail()`
-instead.
-
-Data structures
----------------
-
-* `struct strbuf`
-
-This is the string buffer structure. The `len` member can be used to
-determine the current length of the string, and `buf` member provides access to
-the string itself.
-
-Functions
----------
-
-* Life cycle
-
-`strbuf_init`::
-
-	Initialize the structure. The second parameter can be zero or a bigger
-	number to allocate memory, in case you want to prevent further reallocs.
-
-`strbuf_release`::
-
-	Release a string buffer and the memory it used. You should not use the
-	string buffer after using this function, unless you initialize it again.
-
-`strbuf_detach`::
-
-	Detach the string from the strbuf and returns it; you now own the
-	storage the string occupies and it is your responsibility from then on
-	to release it with `free(3)` when you are done with it.
-
-`strbuf_attach`::
-
-	Attach a string to a buffer. You should specify the string to attach,
-	the current length of the string and the amount of allocated memory.
-	The amount must be larger than the string length, because the string you
-	pass is supposed to be a NUL-terminated string.  This string _must_ be
-	malloc()ed, and after attaching, the pointer cannot be relied upon
-	anymore, and neither be free()d directly.
-
-`strbuf_swap`::
-
-	Swap the contents of two string buffers.
-
-* Related to the size of the buffer
-
-`strbuf_avail`::
-
-	Determine the amount of allocated but unused memory.
-
-`strbuf_grow`::
-
-	Ensure that at least this amount of unused memory is available after
-	`len`. This is used when you know a typical size for what you will add
-	and want to avoid repetitive automatic resizing of the underlying buffer.
-	This is never a needed operation, but can be critical for performance in
-	some cases.
-
-`strbuf_setlen`::
-
-	Set the length of the buffer to a given value. This function does *not*
-	allocate new memory, so you should not perform a `strbuf_setlen()` to a
-	length that is larger than `len + strbuf_avail()`. `strbuf_setlen()` is
-	just meant as a 'please fix invariants from this strbuf I just messed
-	with'.
-
-`strbuf_reset`::
-
-	Empty the buffer by setting the size of it to zero.
-
-* Related to the contents of the buffer
-
-`strbuf_rtrim`::
-
-	Strip whitespace from the end of a string.
-
-`strbuf_cmp`::
-
-	Compare two buffers. Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater
-	than zero if the first buffer is found, respectively, to be less than,
-	to match, or be greater than the second buffer.
-
-* Adding data to the buffer
-
-NOTE: All of the functions in this section will grow the buffer as necessary.
-If they fail for some reason other than memory shortage and the buffer hadn't
-been allocated before (i.e. the `struct strbuf` was set to `STRBUF_INIT`),
-then they will free() it.
-
-`strbuf_addch`::
-
-	Add a single character to the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_insert`::
-
-	Insert data to the given position of the buffer. The remaining contents
-	will be shifted, not overwritten.
-
-`strbuf_remove`::
-
-	Remove given amount of data from a given position of the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_splice`::
-
-	Remove the bytes between `pos..pos+len` and replace it with the given
-	data.
-
-`strbuf_add`::
-
-	Add data of given length to the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_addstr`::
-
-Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer.
-+
-NOTE: This function will *always* be implemented as an inline or a macro
-that expands to:
-+
-----
-strbuf_add(..., s, strlen(s));
-----
-+
-Meaning that this is efficient to write things like:
-+
-----
-strbuf_addstr(sb, "immediate string");
-----
-
-`strbuf_addbuf`::
-
-	Copy the contents of an other buffer at the end of the current one.
-
-`strbuf_adddup`::
-
-	Copy part of the buffer from a given position till a given length to the
-	end of the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_expand`::
-
-	This function can be used to expand a format string containing
-	placeholders. To that end, it parses the string and calls the specified
-	function for every percent sign found.
-+
-The callback function is given a pointer to the character after the `%`
-and a pointer to the struct strbuf.  It is expected to add the expanded
-version of the placeholder to the strbuf, e.g. to add a newline
-character if the letter `n` appears after a `%`.  The function returns
-the length of the placeholder recognized and `strbuf_expand()` skips
-over it.
-+
-The format `%%` is automatically expanded to a single `%` as a quoting
-mechanism; callers do not need to handle the `%` placeholder themselves,
-and the callback function will not be invoked for this placeholder.
-+
-All other characters (non-percent and not skipped ones) are copied
-verbatim to the strbuf.  If the callback returned zero, meaning that the
-placeholder is unknown, then the percent sign is copied, too.
-+
-In order to facilitate caching and to make it possible to give
-parameters to the callback, `strbuf_expand()` passes a context pointer,
-which can be used by the programmer of the callback as she sees fit.
-
-`strbuf_expand_dict_cb`::
-
-	Used as callback for `strbuf_expand()`, expects an array of
-	struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry as context, i.e. pairs of
-	placeholder and replacement string.  The array needs to be
-	terminated by an entry with placeholder set to NULL.
-
-`strbuf_addbuf_percentquote`::
-
-	Append the contents of one strbuf to another, quoting any
-	percent signs ("%") into double-percents ("%%") in the
-	destination. This is useful for literal data to be fed to either
-	strbuf_expand or to the *printf family of functions.
-
-`strbuf_addf`::
-
-	Add a formatted string to the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_fread`::
-
-	Read a given size of data from a FILE* pointer to the buffer.
-+
-NOTE: The buffer is rewound if the read fails. If -1 is returned,
-`errno` must be consulted, like you would do for `read(3)`.
-`strbuf_read()`, `strbuf_read_file()` and `strbuf_getline()` has the
-same behaviour as well.
-
-`strbuf_read`::
-
-	Read the contents of a given file descriptor. The third argument can be
-	used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
-
-`strbuf_read_file`::
-
-	Read the contents of a file, specified by its path. The third argument
-	can be used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
-
-`strbuf_readlink`::
-
-	Read the target of a symbolic link, specified by its path.  The third
-	argument can be used to give a hint about the size, to avoid reallocs.
-
-`strbuf_getline`::
-
-	Read a line from a FILE *, overwriting the existing contents
-	of the strbuf. The second argument specifies the line
-	terminator character, typically `'\n'`.
-	Reading stops after the terminator or at EOF.  The terminator
-	is removed from the buffer before returning.  Returns 0 unless
-	there was nothing left before EOF, in which case it returns `EOF`.
-
-`strbuf_getwholeline`::
-
-	Like `strbuf_getline`, but keeps the trailing terminator (if
-	any) in the buffer.
-
-`strbuf_getwholeline_fd`::
-
-	Like `strbuf_getwholeline`, but operates on a file descriptor.
-	It reads one character at a time, so it is very slow.  Do not
-	use it unless you need the correct position in the file
-	descriptor.
-
-`stripspace`::
-
-	Strip whitespace from a buffer. The second parameter controls if
-	comments are considered contents to be removed or not.
-
-`launch_editor`::
-
-	Launch the user preferred editor to edit a file and fill the buffer
-	with the file's contents upon the user completing their editing. The
-	third argument can be used to set the environment which the editor is
-	run in. If the buffer is NULL the editor is launched as usual but the
-	file's contents are not read into the buffer upon completion.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
index ce24eb96f5..c08402b12e 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-string-list.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 string-list API
 ===============
 
-The string_list API offers a data structure and functions to handle sorted
-and unsorted string lists.
+The string_list API offers a data structure and functions to handle
+sorted and unsorted string lists.  A "sorted" list is one whose
+entries are sorted by string value in `strcmp()` order.
 
 The 'string_list' struct used to be called 'path_list', but was renamed
 because it is not specific to paths.
@@ -20,27 +21,34 @@ If you need something advanced, you can manually malloc() the `items`
 member (you need this if you add things later) and you should set the
 `nr` and `alloc` members in that case, too.
 
-. Adds new items to the list, using `string_list_append` or
-  `string_list_insert`.
+. Adds new items to the list, using `string_list_append`,
+  `string_list_append_nodup`, `string_list_insert`,
+  `string_list_split`, and/or `string_list_split_in_place`.
 
 . Can check if a string is in the list using `string_list_has_string` or
   `unsorted_string_list_has_string` and get it from the list using
   `string_list_lookup` for sorted lists.
 
-. Can sort an unsorted list using `sort_string_list`.
+. Can sort an unsorted list using `string_list_sort`.
+
+. Can remove duplicate items from a sorted list using
+  `string_list_remove_duplicates`.
 
 . Can remove individual items of an unsorted list using
   `unsorted_string_list_delete_item`.
 
+. Can remove items not matching a criterion from a sorted or unsorted
+  list using `filter_string_list`, or remove empty strings using
+  `string_list_remove_empty_items`.
+
 . Finally it should free the list using `string_list_clear`.
 
 Example:
 
 ----
-struct string_list list;
+struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 int i;
 
-memset(&list, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
 string_list_append(&list, "foo");
 string_list_append(&list, "bar");
 for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++)
@@ -60,6 +68,25 @@ Functions
 
 * General ones (works with sorted and unsorted lists as well)
 
+`string_list_init`::
+
+	Initialize the members of the string_list, set `strdup_strings`
+	member according to the value of the second parameter.
+
+`filter_string_list`::
+
+	Apply a function to each item in a list, retaining only the
+	items for which the function returns true.  If free_util is
+	true, call free() on the util members of any items that have
+	to be deleted.  Preserve the order of the items that are
+	retained.
+
+`string_list_remove_empty_items`::
+
+	Remove any empty strings from the list.  If free_util is true,
+	call free() on the util members of any items that have to be
+	deleted.  Preserve the order of the items that are retained.
+
 `print_string_list`::
 
 	Dump a string_list to stdout, useful mainly for debugging purposes. It
@@ -83,7 +110,9 @@ Functions
 
 	Insert a new element to the string_list. The returned pointer can be
 	handy if you want to write something to the `util` pointer of the
-	string_list_item containing the just added string.
+	string_list_item containing the just added string. If the given
+	string already exists the insertion will be skipped and the
+	pointer to the existing item returned.
 +
 Since this function uses xrealloc() (which die()s if it fails) if the
 list needs to grow, it is safe not to check the pointer. I.e. you may
@@ -94,15 +123,32 @@ write `string_list_insert(...)->util = ...;`.
 	Look up a given string in the string_list, returning the containing
 	string_list_item. If the string is not found, NULL is returned.
 
+`string_list_remove_duplicates`::
+
+	Remove all but the first of consecutive entries that have the
+	same string value.  If free_util is true, call free() on the
+	util members of any items that have to be deleted.
+
 * Functions for unsorted lists only
 
 `string_list_append`::
 
-	Append a new string to the end of the string_list.
+	Append a new string to the end of the string_list.  If
+	`strdup_string` is set, then the string argument is copied;
+	otherwise the new `string_list_entry` refers to the input
+	string.
+
+`string_list_append_nodup`::
+
+	Append a new string to the end of the string_list.  The new
+	`string_list_entry` always refers to the input string, even if
+	`strdup_string` is set.  This function can be used to hand
+	ownership of a malloc()ed string to a `string_list` that has
+	`strdup_string` set.
 
-`sort_string_list`::
+`string_list_sort`::
 
-	Make an unsorted list sorted.
+	Sort the list's entries by string value in `strcmp()` order.
 
 `unsorted_string_list_has_string`::
 
@@ -122,6 +168,25 @@ counterpart for sorted lists, which performs a binary search.
 	is set. The third parameter controls if the `util` pointer of the
 	items should be freed or not.
 
+`string_list_split`::
+`string_list_split_in_place`::
+
+	Split a string into substrings on a delimiter character and
+	append the substrings to a `string_list`.  If `maxsplit` is
+	non-negative, then split at most `maxsplit` times.  Return the
+	number of substrings appended to the list.
++
+`string_list_split` requires a `string_list` that has `strdup_strings`
+set to true; it leaves the input string untouched and makes copies of
+the substrings in newly-allocated memory.
+`string_list_split_in_place` requires a `string_list` that has
+`strdup_strings` set to false; it splits the input string in place,
+overwriting the delimiter characters with NULs and creating new
+string_list_items that point into the original string (the original
+string must therefore not be modified or freed while the `string_list`
+is in use).
+
+
 Data structures
 ---------------
 
@@ -140,3 +205,5 @@ Represents the list itself.
   You should not tamper with it.
 . Setting the `strdup_strings` member to 1 will strdup() the strings
   before adding them, see above.
+. The `compare_strings_fn` member is used to specify a custom compare
+  function, otherwise `strcmp()` is used as the default function.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/api-trace.txt b/Documentation/technical/api-trace.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..097a651d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/api-trace.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+trace API
+=========
+
+The trace API can be used to print debug messages to stderr or a file. Trace
+code is inactive unless explicitly enabled by setting `GIT_TRACE*` environment
+variables.
+
+The trace implementation automatically adds `timestamp file:line ... \n` to
+all trace messages. E.g.:
+
+------------
+23:59:59.123456 git.c:312               trace: built-in: git 'foo'
+00:00:00.000001 builtin/foo.c:99        foo: some message
+------------
+
+Data Structures
+---------------
+
+`struct trace_key`::
+
+	Defines a trace key (or category). The default (for API functions that
+	don't take a key) is `GIT_TRACE`.
++
+E.g. to define a trace key controlled by environment variable `GIT_TRACE_FOO`:
++
+------------
+static struct trace_key trace_foo = TRACE_KEY_INIT(FOO);
+
+static void trace_print_foo(const char *message)
+{
+	trace_print_key(&trace_foo, message);
+}
+------------
++
+Note: don't use `const` as the trace implementation stores internal state in
+the `trace_key` structure.
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+`int trace_want(struct trace_key *key)`::
+
+	Checks whether the trace key is enabled. Used to prevent expensive
+	string formatting before calling one of the printing APIs.
+
+`void trace_disable(struct trace_key *key)`::
+
+	Disables tracing for the specified key, even if the environment
+	variable was set.
+
+`void trace_printf(const char *format, ...)`::
+`void trace_printf_key(struct trace_key *key, const char *format, ...)`::
+
+	Prints a formatted message, similar to printf.
+
+`void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...)``::
+
+	Prints a formatted message, followed by a quoted list of arguments.
+
+`void trace_strbuf(struct trace_key *key, const struct strbuf *data)`::
+
+	Prints the strbuf, without additional formatting (i.e. doesn't
+	choke on `%` or even `\0`).
+
+`uint64_t getnanotime(void)`::
+
+	Returns nanoseconds since the epoch (01/01/1970), typically used
+	for performance measurements.
++
+Currently there are high precision timer implementations for Linux (using
+`clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)`) and Windows (`QueryPerformanceCounter`).
+Other platforms use `gettimeofday` as time source.
+
+`void trace_performance(uint64_t nanos, const char *format, ...)`::
+`void trace_performance_since(uint64_t start, const char *format, ...)`::
+
+	Prints the elapsed time (in nanoseconds), or elapsed time since
+	`start`, followed by a formatted message. Enabled via environment
+	variable `GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`. Used for manual profiling, e.g.:
++
+------------
+uint64_t start = getnanotime();
+/* code section to measure */
+trace_performance_since(start, "foobar");
+------------
++
+------------
+uint64_t t = 0;
+for (;;) {
+	/* ignore */
+	t -= getnanotime();
+	/* code section to measure */
+	t += getnanotime();
+	/* ignore */
+}
+trace_performance(t, "frotz");
+------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8c18a0f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/bitmap-format.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+GIT bitmap v1 format
+====================
+
+	- A header appears at the beginning:
+
+		4-byte signature: {'B', 'I', 'T', 'M'}
+
+		2-byte version number (network byte order)
+			The current implementation only supports version 1
+			of the bitmap index (the same one as JGit).
+
+		2-byte flags (network byte order)
+
+			The following flags are supported:
+
+			- BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG (0x1) REQUIRED
+			This flag must always be present. It implies that the bitmap
+			index has been generated for a packfile with full closure
+			(i.e. where every single object in the packfile can find
+			 its parent links inside the same packfile). This is a
+			requirement for the bitmap index format, also present in JGit,
+			that greatly reduces the complexity of the implementation.
+
+			- BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE (0x4)
+			If present, the end of the bitmap file contains
+			`N` 32-bit name-hash values, one per object in the
+			pack. The format and meaning of the name-hash is
+			described below.
+
+		4-byte entry count (network byte order)
+
+			The total count of entries (bitmapped commits) in this bitmap index.
+
+		20-byte checksum
+
+			The SHA1 checksum of the pack this bitmap index belongs to.
+
+	- 4 EWAH bitmaps that act as type indexes
+
+		Type indexes are serialized after the hash cache in the shape
+		of four EWAH bitmaps stored consecutively (see Appendix A for
+		the serialization format of an EWAH bitmap).
+
+		There is a bitmap for each Git object type, stored in the following
+		order:
+
+			- Commits
+			- Trees
+			- Blobs
+			- Tags
+
+		In each bitmap, the `n`th bit is set to true if the `n`th object
+		in the packfile is of that type.
+
+		The obvious consequence is that the OR of all 4 bitmaps will result
+		in a full set (all bits set), and the AND of all 4 bitmaps will
+		result in an empty bitmap (no bits set).
+
+	- N entries with compressed bitmaps, one for each indexed commit
+
+		Where `N` is the total amount of entries in this bitmap index.
+		Each entry contains the following:
+
+		- 4-byte object position (network byte order)
+			The position **in the index for the packfile** where the
+			bitmap for this commit is found.
+
+		- 1-byte XOR-offset
+			The xor offset used to compress this bitmap. For an entry
+			in position `x`, a XOR offset of `y` means that the actual
+			bitmap representing this commit is composed by XORing the
+			bitmap for this entry with the bitmap in entry `x-y` (i.e.
+			the bitmap `y` entries before this one).
+
+			Note that this compression can be recursive. In order to
+			XOR this entry with a previous one, the previous entry needs
+			to be decompressed first, and so on.
+
+			The hard-limit for this offset is 160 (an entry can only be
+			xor'ed against one of the 160 entries preceding it). This
+			number is always positive, and hence entries are always xor'ed
+			with **previous** bitmaps, not bitmaps that will come afterwards
+			in the index.
+
+		- 1-byte flags for this bitmap
+			At the moment the only available flag is `0x1`, which hints
+			that this bitmap can be re-used when rebuilding bitmap indexes
+			for the repository.
+
+		- The compressed bitmap itself, see Appendix A.
+
+== Appendix A: Serialization format for an EWAH bitmap
+
+Ewah bitmaps are serialized in the same protocol as the JAVAEWAH
+library, making them backwards compatible with the JGit
+implementation:
+
+	- 4-byte number of bits of the resulting UNCOMPRESSED bitmap
+
+	- 4-byte number of words of the COMPRESSED bitmap, when stored
+
+	- N x 8-byte words, as specified by the previous field
+
+		This is the actual content of the compressed bitmap.
+
+	- 4-byte position of the current RLW for the compressed
+		bitmap
+
+All words are stored in network byte order for their corresponding
+sizes.
+
+The compressed bitmap is stored in a form of run-length encoding, as
+follows.  It consists of a concatenation of an arbitrary number of
+chunks.  Each chunk consists of one or more 64-bit words
+
+     H  L_1  L_2  L_3 .... L_M
+
+H is called RLW (run length word).  It consists of (from lower to higher
+order bits):
+
+     - 1 bit: the repeated bit B
+
+     - 32 bits: repetition count K (unsigned)
+
+     - 31 bits: literal word count M (unsigned)
+
+The bitstream represented by the above chunk is then:
+
+     - K repetitions of B
+
+     - The bits stored in `L_1` through `L_M`.  Within a word, bits at
+       lower order come earlier in the stream than those at higher
+       order.
+
+The next word after `L_M` (if any) must again be a RLW, for the next
+chunk.  For efficient appending to the bitstream, the EWAH stores a
+pointer to the last RLW in the stream.
+
+
+== Appendix B: Optional Bitmap Sections
+
+These sections may or may not be present in the `.bitmap` file; their
+presence is indicated by the header flags section described above.
+
+Name-hash cache
+---------------
+
+If the BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE flag is set, the end of the bitmap contains
+a cache of 32-bit values, one per object in the pack. The value at
+position `i` is the hash of the pathname at which the `i`th object
+(counting in index order) in the pack can be found.  This can be fed
+into the delta heuristics to compare objects with similar pathnames.
+
+The hash algorithm used is:
+
+    hash = 0;
+    while ((c = *name++))
+	    if (!isspace(c))
+		    hash = (hash >> 2) + (c << 24);
+
+Note that this hashing scheme is tied to the BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE flag.
+If implementations want to choose a different hashing scheme, they are
+free to do so, but MUST allocate a new header flag (because comparing
+hashes made under two different schemes would be pointless).
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..229f845dfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/technical/http-protocol.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+HTTP transfer protocols
+=======================
+
+Git supports two HTTP based transfer protocols.  A "dumb" protocol
+which requires only a standard HTTP server on the server end of the
+connection, and a "smart" protocol which requires a Git aware CGI
+(or server module).  This document describes both protocols.
+
+As a design feature smart clients can automatically upgrade "dumb"
+protocol URLs to smart URLs.  This permits all users to have the
+same published URL, and the peers automatically select the most
+efficient transport available to them.
+
+
+URL Format
+----------
+
+URLs for Git repositories accessed by HTTP use the standard HTTP
+URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form:
+
+  http://<host>:<port>/<path>?<searchpart>
+
+Within this documentation the placeholder `$GIT_URL` will stand for
+the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user.
+
+Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching `$GIT_URL`, as
+both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate
+by appending additional path components onto the end of the user
+supplied `$GIT_URL` string.
+
+An example of a dumb client requesting for a loose object:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git
+  URL request:  http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git/objects/d0/49f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355
+
+An example of a smart request to a catch-all gateway:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=
+  URL request:  http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&q=/info/refs&service=git-receive-pack
+
+An example of a request to a submodule:
+
+  $GIT_URL:     http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git
+  URL request:  http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs
+
+Clients MUST strip a trailing `/`, if present, from the user supplied
+`$GIT_URL` string to prevent empty path tokens (`//`) from appearing
+in any URL sent to a server.  Compatible clients MUST expand
+`$GIT_URL/info/refs` as `foo/info/refs` and not `foo//info/refs`.
+
+
+Authentication
+--------------
+
+Standard HTTP authentication is used if authentication is required
+to access a repository, and MAY be configured and enforced by the
+HTTP server software.
+
+Because Git repositories are accessed by standard path components
+server administrators MAY use directory based permissions within
+their HTTP server to control repository access.
+
+Clients SHOULD support Basic authentication as described by RFC 2617.
+Servers SHOULD support Basic authentication by relying upon the
+HTTP server placed in front of the Git server software.
+
+Servers SHOULD NOT require HTTP cookies for the purposes of
+authentication or access control.
+
+Clients and servers MAY support other common forms of HTTP based
+authentication, such as Digest authentication.
+
+
+SSL
+---
+
+Clients and servers SHOULD support SSL, particularly to protect
+passwords when relying on Basic HTTP authentication.
+
+
+Session State
+-------------
+
+The Git over HTTP protocol (much like HTTP itself) is stateless
+from the perspective of the HTTP server side.  All state MUST be
+retained and managed by the client process.  This permits simple
+round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to
+worry about state management.
+
+Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in
+order to function correctly.
+
+Servers MUST NOT require HTTP cookies in order to function correctly.
+Clients MAY store and forward HTTP cookies during request processing
+as described by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1).  Servers SHOULD ignore any
+cookies sent by a client.
+
+
+General Request Processing
+--------------------------
+
+Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed
+by both client and server.  This includes (but is not necessarily
+limited to):
+
+If there is no repository at `$GIT_URL`, or the resource pointed to by a
+location matching `$GIT_URL` does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond
+with `200 OK` response.  A server SHOULD respond with
+`404 Not Found`, `410 Gone`, or any other suitable HTTP status code
+which does not imply the resource exists as requested.
+
+If there is a repository at `$GIT_URL`, but access is not currently
+permitted, the server MUST respond with the `403 Forbidden` HTTP
+status code.
+
+Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
+Servers SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
+bodies.
+
+Clients SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
+Clients SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
+bodies.
+
+Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers.
+
+Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since
+and/or If-None-Match request headers.
+
+Servers MAY return `304 Not Modified` if the relevant headers appear
+in the request and the entity has not changed.  Clients MUST treat
+`304 Not Modified` identical to `200 OK` by reusing the cached entity.
+
+Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the
+Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching.  Clients and
+servers MUST follow RFC 2616 for cache controls.
+
+
+Discovering References
+----------------------
+
+All HTTP clients MUST begin either a fetch or a push exchange by
+discovering the references available on the remote repository.
+
+Dumb Clients
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover
+references by making a request for the special info/refs file of
+the repository.
+
+Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a `GET` request to `$GIT_URL/info/refs`,
+without any search/query parameters.
+
+   C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S:
+   S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31	refs/heads/maint
+   S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355	refs/heads/master
+   S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115	refs/tags/v1.0
+   S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c	refs/tags/v1.0^{}
+
+The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be
+`text/plain; charset=utf-8`, but MAY be any content type.
+Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type.
+Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with
+`application/x-git-`.
+
+Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the
+returned entity.
+
+When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP
+status code.  Valid responses are `200 OK`, or `304 Not Modified`.
+
+The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing
+each ref and its known value.  The file SHOULD be sorted by name
+according to the C locale ordering.  The file SHOULD NOT include
+the default ref named `HEAD`.
+
+  info_refs   =  *( ref_record )
+  ref_record  =  any_ref / peeled_ref
+
+  any_ref     =  obj-id HTAB refname LF
+  peeled_ref  =  obj-id HTAB refname LF
+		 obj-id HTAB refname "^{}" LF
+
+Smart Clients
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the
+"smart" and "dumb" protocols) MUST discover references by making
+a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository.
+
+The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter,
+`service=$servicename`, where `$servicename` MUST be the service
+name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation.
+The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters.
+
+   C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
+
+dumb server reply:
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S:
+   S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31	refs/heads/maint
+   S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355	refs/heads/master
+   S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115	refs/tags/v1.0
+   S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c	refs/tags/v1.0^{}
+
+smart server reply:
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: 001e# service=git-upload-pack\n
+   S: 004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint\0multi_ack\n
+   S: 0042d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master\n
+   S: 003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0\n
+   S: 003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}\n
+
+Dumb Server Response
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Dumb servers MUST respond with the dumb server reply format.
+
+See the prior section under dumb clients for a more detailed
+description of the dumb server response.
+
+Smart Server Response
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the
+requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator,
+the server MUST respond with the `403 Forbidden` HTTP status code.
+
+Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply
+format for the requested service name.
+
+Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the
+returned entity.
+
+The Content-Type MUST be `application/x-$servicename-advertisement`.
+Clients SHOULD fall back to the dumb protocol if another content
+type is returned.  When falling back to the dumb protocol clients
+SHOULD NOT make an additional request to `$GIT_URL/info/refs`, but
+instead SHOULD use the response already in hand.  Clients MUST NOT
+continue if they do not support the dumb protocol.
+
+Clients MUST validate the status code is either `200 OK` or
+`304 Not Modified`.
+
+Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity
+matches the regex `^[0-9a-f]{4}#`.  If this test fails, clients
+MUST NOT continue.
+
+Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line
+records.
+
+Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is `# service=$servicename`.
+Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value.
+Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line.
+Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line.
+
+Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic `0000` end
+pkt-line marker.
+
+The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and
+its known value.  The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to
+the C locale ordering.  The stream SHOULD include the default ref
+named `HEAD` as the first ref.  The stream MUST include capability
+declarations behind a NUL on the first ref.
+
+  smart_reply     =  PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF)
+		     ref_list
+		     "0000"
+  ref_list        =  empty_list / non_empty_list
+
+  empty_list      =  PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" NUL cap-list LF)
+
+  non_empty_list  =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name NUL cap_list LF)
+		     *ref_record
+
+  cap-list        =  capability *(SP capability)
+  capability      =  1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
+  LC_ALPHA        =  %x61-7A
+
+  ref_record      =  any_ref / peeled_ref
+  any_ref         =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
+  peeled_ref      =  PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
+		     PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF
+
+
+Smart Service git-upload-pack
+------------------------------
+This service reads from the repository pointed to by `$GIT_URL`.
+
+Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
+`$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack`.
+
+   C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
+   C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
+   C:
+   C: 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7\n
+   C: 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993\n
+   C: 0000
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: ....ACK %s, continue
+   S: ....NAK
+
+Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
+Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
+to prevent caching of the response.
+
+Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.
+
+Clients MUST send at least one "want" command in the request body.
+Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a "want" command which did not
+appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the
+server advertises capability `allow-tip-sha1-in-want`.
+
+  compute_request   =  want_list
+		       have_list
+		       request_end
+  request_end       =  "0000" / "done"
+
+  want_list         =  PKT-LINE(want NUL cap_list LF)
+		       *(want_pkt)
+  want_pkt          =  PKT-LINE(want LF)
+  want              =  "want" SP id
+  cap_list          =  *(SP capability) SP
+
+  have_list         =  *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF)
+
+TODO: Document this further.
+
+The Negotiation Algorithm
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows
+(C = client, S = server):
+
+'init step:'
+
+C: Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs.
+
+C: Place any object seen into set `advertised`.
+
+C: Build an empty set, `common`, to hold the objects that are later
+   determined to be on both ends.
+
+C: Build a set, `want`, of the objects from `advertised` the client
+   wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery.
+
+C: Start a queue, `c_pending`, ordered by commit time (popping newest
+   first).  Add all client refs.  When a commit is popped from
+   the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back.
+   Commits MUST only enter the queue once.
+
+'one compute step:'
+
+C: Send one `$GIT_URL/git-upload-pack` request:
+
+   C: 0032want <want #1>...............................
+   C: 0032want <want #2>...............................
+   ....
+   C: 0032have <common #1>.............................
+   C: 0032have <common #2>.............................
+   ....
+   C: 0032have <have #1>...............................
+   C: 0032have <have #2>...............................
+   ....
+   C: 0000
+
+The stream is organized into "commands", with each command
+appearing by itself in a pkt-line.  Within a command line,
+the text leading up to the first space is the command name,
+and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value.
+Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of
+the pkt-line value.
+
+Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear
+at all in the request stream:
+
+* "want"
+* "have"
+
+The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush (`0000`).
+
+A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted
+SHA-1 as its value.  Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending
+multiple commands.
+
+The `have` list is created by popping the first 32 commits
+from `c_pending`.  Less can be supplied if `c_pending` empties.
+
+If the client has sent 256 "have" commits and has not yet
+received one of those back from `s_common`, or the client has
+emptied `c_pending` it SHOULD include a "done" command to let
+the server know it won't proceed:
+
+   C: 0009done
+
+S: Parse the git-upload-pack request:
+
+Verify all objects in `want` are directly reachable from refs.
+
+The server MAY walk backwards through history or through
+the reflog to permit slightly stale requests.
+
+If no "want" objects are received, send an error:
+TODO: Define error if no "want" lines are requested.
+
+If any "want" object is not reachable, send an error:
+TODO: Define error if an invalid "want" is requested.
+
+Create an empty list, `s_common`.
+
+If "have" was sent:
+
+Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client.
+
+For each object, if the server has the object reachable from
+a ref, add it to `s_common`.  If a commit is added to `s_common`,
+do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in `have`.
+
+S: Send the git-upload-pack response:
+
+If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the
+request ends with "done", it replies with the pack.
+TODO: Document the pack based response
+
+   S: PACK...
+
+The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported
+by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into
+stream 1.  Progress messages from the server side MAY appear
+in stream 2.
+
+Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least
+one path from every "want" to at least one "common" object.
+
+If the server needs more information, it replies with a
+status continue response:
+TODO: Document the non-pack response
+
+C: Parse the upload-pack response:
+   TODO: Document parsing response
+
+'Do another compute step.'
+
+
+Smart Service git-receive-pack
+------------------------------
+This service reads from the repository pointed to by `$GIT_URL`.
+
+Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
+`$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack`.
+
+   C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0
+   C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request
+   C:
+   C: ....0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 refs/heads/maint\0 report-status
+   C: 0000
+   C: PACK....
+
+   S: 200 OK
+   S: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-result
+   S: Cache-Control: no-cache
+   S:
+   S: ....
+
+Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
+Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
+to prevent caching of the response.
+
+Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.
+
+Clients MUST send at least one command in the request body.
+Within the command portion of the request body clients SHOULD send
+the id obtained through ref discovery as old_id.
+
+  update_request  =  command_list
+		     "PACK" <binary data>
+
+  command_list    =  PKT-LINE(command NUL cap_list LF)
+		     *(command_pkt)
+  command_pkt     =  PKT-LINE(command LF)
+  cap_list        =  *(SP capability) SP
+
+  command         =  create / delete / update
+  create          =  zero-id SP new_id SP name
+  delete          =  old_id SP zero-id SP name
+  update          =  old_id SP new_id SP name
+
+TODO: Document this further.
+
+
+References
+----------
+
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt[RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)]
+http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt[RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1]
+link:technical/pack-protocol.html
+link:technical/protocol-capabilities.html
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
index 8930b3fabc..35112e4966 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/index-format.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT index format
+Git index format
 ================
 
-= The git index file has the following format
+== The Git index file has the following format
 
   All binary numbers are in network byte order. Version 2 is described
   here unless stated otherwise.
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ GIT index format
        The signature is { 'D', 'I', 'R', 'C' } (stands for "dircache")
 
      4-byte version number:
-       The current supported versions are 2 and 3.
+       The current supported versions are 2, 3 and 4.
 
      32-bit number of index entries.
 
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ GIT index format
    - Extensions
 
      Extensions are identified by signature. Optional extensions can
-     be ignored if GIT does not understand them.
+     be ignored if Git does not understand them.
 
-     GIT currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
+     Git currently supports cached tree and resolve undo extensions.
 
      4-byte extension signature. If the first byte is 'A'..'Z' the
      extension is optional and can be ignored.
@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ GIT index format
     12-bit name length if the length is less than 0xFFF; otherwise 0xFFF
     is stored in this field.
 
-  (Version 3) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the "extended flag"
-  above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
+  (Version 3 or later) A 16-bit field, only applicable if the
+  "extended flag" above is 1, split into (high to low bits).
 
     1-bit reserved for future
 
@@ -113,9 +113,25 @@ GIT index format
     are encoded in 7-bit ASCII and the encoding cannot contain a NUL
     byte (iow, this is a UNIX pathname).
 
+  (Version 4) In version 4, the entry path name is prefix-compressed
+    relative to the path name for the previous entry (the very first
+    entry is encoded as if the path name for the previous entry is an
+    empty string).  At the beginning of an entry, an integer N in the
+    variable width encoding (the same encoding as the offset is encoded
+    for OFS_DELTA pack entries; see pack-format.txt) is stored, followed
+    by a NUL-terminated string S.  Removing N bytes from the end of the
+    path name for the previous entry, and replacing it with the string S
+    yields the path name for this entry.
+
   1-8 nul bytes as necessary to pad the entry to a multiple of eight bytes
   while keeping the name NUL-terminated.
 
+  (Version 4) In version 4, the padding after the pathname does not
+  exist.
+
+  Interpretation of index entries in split index mode is completely
+  different. See below for details.
+
 == Extensions
 
 === Cached tree
@@ -148,8 +164,9 @@ GIT index format
     this span of index as a tree.
 
   An entry can be in an invalidated state and is represented by having
-  -1 in the entry_count field. In this case, there is no object name
-  and the next entry starts immediately after the newline.
+  a negative number in the entry_count field. In this case, there is no
+  object name and the next entry starts immediately after the newline.
+  When writing an invalid entry, -1 should always be used as entry_count.
 
   The entries are written out in the top-down, depth-first order.  The
   first entry represents the root level of the repository, followed by the
@@ -161,7 +178,7 @@ GIT index format
 
   A conflict is represented in the index as a set of higher stage entries.
   When a conflict is resolved (e.g. with "git add path"), these higher
-  stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resoluton
+  stage entries will be removed and a stage-0 entry with proper resolution
   is added.
 
   When these higher stage entries are removed, they are saved in the
@@ -184,3 +201,35 @@ GIT index format
   - At most three 160-bit object names of the entry in stages from 1 to 3
     (nothing is written for a missing stage).
 
+=== Split index
+
+  In split index mode, the majority of index entries could be stored
+  in a separate file. This extension records the changes to be made on
+  top of that to produce the final index.
+
+  The signature for this extension is { 'l', 'i', 'n', 'k' }.
+
+  The extension consists of:
+
+  - 160-bit SHA-1 of the shared index file. The shared index file path
+    is $GIT_DIR/sharedindex.<SHA-1>. If all 160 bits are zero, the
+    index does not require a shared index file.
+
+  - An ewah-encoded delete bitmap, each bit represents an entry in the
+    shared index. If a bit is set, its corresponding entry in the
+    shared index will be removed from the final index.  Note, because
+    a delete operation changes index entry positions, but we do need
+    original positions in replace phase, it's best to just mark
+    entries for removal, then do a mass deletion after replacement.
+
+  - An ewah-encoded replace bitmap, each bit represents an entry in
+    the shared index. If a bit is set, its corresponding entry in the
+    shared index will be replaced with an entry in this index
+    file. All replaced entries are stored in sorted order in this
+    index. The first "1" bit in the replace bitmap corresponds to the
+    first index entry, the second "1" bit to the second entry and so
+    on. Replaced entries may have empty path names to save space.
+
+  The remaining index entries after replaced ones will be added to the
+  final index. These added entries are also sorted by entry name then
+  stage.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
index 1803e64e46..8e5bf60be3 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-format.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-GIT pack format
+Git pack format
 ===============
 
-= pack-*.pack files have the following format:
+== pack-*.pack files have the following format:
 
    - A header appears at the beginning and consists of the following:
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ GIT pack format
          The signature is: {'P', 'A', 'C', 'K'}
 
      4-byte version number (network byte order):
-         GIT currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
+	 Git currently accepts version number 2 or 3 but
          generates version 2 only.
 
      4-byte number of objects contained in the pack (network byte order)
@@ -26,15 +26,17 @@ GIT pack format
 
      (deltified representation)
      n-byte type and length (3-bit type, (n-1)*7+4-bit length)
-     20-byte base object name
+     20-byte base object name if OBJ_REF_DELTA or a negative relative
+	 offset from the delta object's position in the pack if this
+	 is an OBJ_OFS_DELTA object
      compressed delta data
 
      Observation: length of each object is encoded in a variable
      length format and is not constrained to 32-bit or anything.
 
-  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA1 checksum of all of the above.
+  - The trailer records 20-byte SHA-1 checksum of all of the above.
 
-= Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format:
+== Original (version 1) pack-*.idx files have the following format:
 
   - The header consists of 256 4-byte network byte order
     integers.  N-th entry of this table records the number of
@@ -53,10 +55,10 @@ GIT pack format
 
   - The file is concluded with a trailer:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
 
 Pack Idx file:
 
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ Pack file entry: <+
         If it is not DELTA, then deflated bytes (the size above
 		is the size before compression).
 	If it is REF_DELTA, then
-	  20-byte base object name SHA1 (the size above is the
+	  20-byte base object name SHA-1 (the size above is the
 		size of the delta data that follows).
           delta data, deflated.
 	If it is OFS_DELTA, then
@@ -123,8 +125,8 @@ Pack file entry: <+
 
 
 
-= Version 2 pack-*.idx files support packs larger than 4 GiB, and
-  have some other reorganizations.  They have the format:
+== Version 2 pack-*.idx files support packs larger than 4 GiB, and
+   have some other reorganizations.  They have the format:
 
   - A 4-byte magic number '\377tOc' which is an unreasonable
     fanout[0] value.
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ Pack file entry: <+
 
   - A 256-entry fan-out table just like v1.
 
-  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA1 object names.  These are
+  - A table of sorted 20-byte SHA-1 object names.  These are
     packed together without offset values to reduce the cache
     footprint of the binary search for a specific object name.
 
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ Pack file entry: <+
 
   - The same trailer as a v1 pack file:
 
-    A copy of the 20-byte SHA1 checksum at the end of
+    A copy of the 20-byte SHA-1 checksum at the end of
     corresponding packfile.
 
-    20-byte SHA1-checksum of all of the above.
+    20-byte SHA-1-checksum of all of the above.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
index 103eb5d989..95a07db6e8 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-heuristics.txt
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-        Concerning Git's Packing Heuristics
-        ===================================
+Concerning Git's Packing Heuristics
+===================================
 
         Oh, here's a really stupid question:
 
                   Where do I go
                to learn the details
-	    of git's packing heuristics?
+	    of Git's packing heuristics?
 
 Be careful what you ask!
 
-Followers of the git, please open the git IRC Log and turn to
+Followers of the Git, please open the Git IRC Log and turn to
 February 10, 2006.
 
 It's a rare occasion, and we are joined by the King Git Himself,
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ and seeks enlightenment.  Others are present, but silent.
 Let's listen in!
 
     <njs`> Oh, here's a really stupid question -- where do I go to
-        learn the details of git's packing heuristics?  google avails
+	learn the details of Git's packing heuristics?  google avails
         me not, reading the source didn't help a lot, and wading
         through the whole mailing list seems less efficient than any
         of that.
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ Ah!  Modesty after all.
 
     <linus> njs, I don't think the docs exist. That's something where
 	 I don't think anybody else than me even really got involved.
-	 Most of the rest of git others have been busy with (especially
+	 Most of the rest of Git others have been busy with (especially
 	 Junio), but packing nobody touched after I did it.
 
 It's cryptic, yet vague.  Linus in style for sure.  Wise men
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Bait...
 
 And switch.  That ought to do it!
 
-    <linus> Remember: git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
+    <linus> Remember: Git really doesn't follow files. So what it does is
         - generate a list of all objects
         - sort the list according to magic heuristics
         - walk the list, using a sliding window, seeing if an object
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Ah, grasshopper!  And thus the enlightenment begins anew.
 
     <linus> The "magic" is actually in theory totally arbitrary.
         ANY order will give you a working pack, but no, it's not
-        ordered by SHA1.
+	ordered by SHA-1.
 
         Before talking about the ordering for the sliding delta
         window, let's talk about the recency order. That's more
@@ -366,12 +366,6 @@ been detailed!
 
     <linus> Yes, we always write out most recent first
 
-For the other record:
-
-    <pasky> njs`: http://pastebin.com/547965
-
-The 'net never forgets, so that should be good until the end of time.
-
     <njs`> And, yeah, I got the part about deeper-in-history stuff
         having worse IO characteristics, one sort of doesn't care.
 
@@ -382,7 +376,7 @@ The 'net never forgets, so that should be good until the end of time.
     <njs`> (if only it happened more...)
 
     <linus> Anyway, the pack-file could easily be denser still, but
-        because it's used both for streaming (the git protocol) and
+	because it's used both for streaming (the Git protocol) and
         for on-disk, it has a few pessimizations.
 
 Actually, it is a made-up word. But it is a made-up word being
@@ -432,12 +426,12 @@ Gasp!  OK, saved.  That's a fair Engineering trade off.  Close call!
 In fact, Linus reflects on some Basic Engineering Fundamentals,
 design options, etc.
 
-    <linus> More importantly, they allow git to still _conceptually_
+    <linus> More importantly, they allow Git to still _conceptually_
         never deal with deltas at all, and be a "whole object" store.
 
         Which has some problems (we discussed bad huge-file
-        behaviour on the git lists the other day), but it does mean
-        that the basic git concepts are really really simple and
+	behaviour on the Git lists the other day), but it does mean
+	that the basic Git concepts are really really simple and
         straightforward.
 
         It's all been quite stable.
@@ -461,6 +455,6 @@ Nuff said.
     <njs`> :-)
 
     <njs`> appreciate the infodump, I really was failing to find the
-        details on git packs :-)
+	details on Git packs :-)
 
 And now you know the rest of the story.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
index 546980c0a4..462e20645f 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ A few things to remember here:
 - The repository path is always quoted with single quotes.
 
 Fetching Data From a Server
-===========================
+---------------------------
 
 When one Git repository wants to get data that a second repository
 has, the first can 'fetch' from the second.  This operation determines
@@ -134,7 +134,8 @@ with the object name that each reference currently points to.
 
    $ echo -e -n "0039git-upload-pack /schacon/gitbook.git\0host=example.com\0" |
       nc -v example.com 9418
-   00887217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 HEAD\0multi_ack thin-pack side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress include-tag
+   00887217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 HEAD\0multi_ack thin-pack
+		side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress include-tag
    00441d3fcd5ced445d1abc402225c0b8a1299641f497 refs/heads/integration
    003f7217a7c7e582c46cec22a130adf4b9d7d950fba0 refs/heads/master
    003cb88d2441cac0977faf98efc80305012112238d9d refs/tags/v0.9
@@ -160,6 +161,7 @@ MUST peel the ref if it's an annotated tag.
 
 ----
   advertised-refs  =  (no-refs / list-of-refs)
+		      *shallow
 		      flush-pkt
 
   no-refs          =  PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}"
@@ -173,6 +175,8 @@ MUST peel the ref if it's an annotated tag.
   other-tip        =  obj-id SP refname LF
   other-peeled     =  obj-id SP refname "^{}" LF
 
+  shallow          =  PKT-LINE("shallow" SP obj-id)
+
   capability-list  =  capability *(SP capability)
   capability       =  1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
   LC_ALPHA         =  %x61-7A
@@ -208,9 +212,9 @@ out of what the server said it could do with the first 'want' line.
   want-list         =  first-want
 		       *additional-want
 
-  shallow-line      =  PKT_LINE("shallow" SP obj-id)
+  shallow-line      =  PKT-LINE("shallow" SP obj-id)
 
-  depth-request     =  PKT_LINE("deepen" SP depth)
+  depth-request     =  PKT-LINE("deepen" SP depth)
 
   first-want        =  PKT-LINE("want" SP obj-id SP capability-list LF)
   additional-want   =  PKT-LINE("want" SP obj-id LF)
@@ -227,17 +231,16 @@ obtained through ref discovery.
 The client MUST write all obj-ids which it only has shallow copies
 of (meaning that it does not have the parents of a commit) as
 'shallow' lines so that the server is aware of the limitations of
-the client's history. Clients MUST NOT mention an obj-id which
-it does not know exists on the server.
+the client's history.
 
 The client now sends the maximum commit history depth it wants for
 this transaction, which is the number of commits it wants from the
 tip of the history, if any, as a 'deepen' line.  A depth of 0 is the
 same as not making a depth request. The client does not want to receive
-any commits beyond this depth, nor objects needed only to complete
-those commits. Commits whose parents are not received as a result are
-defined as shallow and marked as such in the server. This information
-is sent back to the client in the next step.
+any commits beyond this depth, nor does it want objects needed only to
+complete those commits. Commits whose parents are not received as a
+result are defined as shallow and marked as such in the server. This
+information is sent back to the client in the next step.
 
 Once all the 'want's and 'shallow's (and optional 'deepen') are
 transferred, clients MUST send a flush-pkt, to tell the server side
@@ -259,8 +262,10 @@ a positive depth, this step is skipped.
 ----
 
 If the client has requested a positive depth, the server will compute
-the set of commits which are no deeper than the desired depth, starting
-at the client's wants. The server writes 'shallow' lines for each
+the set of commits which are no deeper than the desired depth. The set
+of commits start at the client's wants.
+
+The server writes 'shallow' lines for each
 commit whose parents will not be sent as a result. The server writes
 an 'unshallow' line for each commit which the client has indicated is
 shallow, but is no longer shallow at the currently requested depth
@@ -333,7 +338,8 @@ during a prior round.  This helps to ensure that at least one common
 ancestor is found before we give up entirely.
 
 Once the 'done' line is read from the client, the server will either
-send a final 'ACK obj-id' or it will send a 'NAK'. The server only sends
+send a final 'ACK obj-id' or it will send a 'NAK'. 'obj-id' is the object
+name of the last commit determined to be common. The server only sends
 ACK after 'done' if there is at least one common base and multi_ack or
 multi_ack_detailed is enabled. The server always sends NAK after 'done'
 if there is no common base found.
@@ -351,7 +357,7 @@ Then the server will start sending its packfile data.
 A simple clone may look like this (with no 'have' lines):
 
 ----
-   C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\0multi_ack \
+   C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d multi_ack \
      side-band-64k ofs-delta\n
    C: 0032want 7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe\n
    C: 0032want 5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a\n
@@ -367,7 +373,7 @@ A simple clone may look like this (with no 'have' lines):
 An incremental update (fetch) response might look like this:
 
 ----
-   C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d\0multi_ack \
+   C: 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d multi_ack \
      side-band-64k ofs-delta\n
    C: 0032want 7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe\n
    C: 0032want 5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a\n
@@ -419,7 +425,7 @@ entire packfile without multiplexing.
 
 
 Pushing Data To a Server
-========================
+------------------------
 
 Pushing data to a server will invoke the 'receive-pack' process on the
 server, which will allow the client to tell it which references it should
@@ -459,7 +465,9 @@ contain all the objects that the server will need to complete the new
 references.
 
 ----
-  update-request    =  command-list [pack-file]
+  update-request    =  *shallow ( command-list | push-cert ) [pack-file]
+
+  shallow           =  PKT-LINE("shallow" SP obj-id LF)
 
   command-list      =  PKT-LINE(command NUL capability-list LF)
 		       *PKT-LINE(command LF)
@@ -473,12 +481,27 @@ references.
   old-id            =  obj-id
   new-id            =  obj-id
 
+  push-cert         = PKT-LINE("push-cert" NUL capability-list LF)
+		      PKT-LINE("certificate version 0.1" LF)
+		      PKT-LINE("pusher" SP ident LF)
+		      PKT-LINE("pushee" SP url LF)
+		      PKT-LINE("nonce" SP nonce LF)
+		      PKT-LINE(LF)
+		      *PKT-LINE(command LF)
+		      *PKT-LINE(gpg-signature-lines LF)
+		      PKT-LINE("push-cert-end" LF)
+
   pack-file         = "PACK" 28*(OCTET)
 ----
 
 If the receiving end does not support delete-refs, the sending end MUST
 NOT ask for delete command.
 
+If the receiving end does not support push-cert, the sending end
+MUST NOT send a push-cert command.  When a push-cert command is
+sent, command-list MUST NOT be sent; the commands recorded in the
+push certificate is used instead.
+
 The pack-file MUST NOT be sent if the only command used is 'delete'.
 
 A pack-file MUST be sent if either create or update command is used,
@@ -493,6 +516,34 @@ was being processed (the obj-id is still the same as the old-id), and
 it will run any update hooks to make sure that the update is acceptable.
 If all of that is fine, the server will then update the references.
 
+Push Certificate
+----------------
+
+A push certificate begins with a set of header lines.  After the
+header and an empty line, the protocol commands follow, one per
+line.
+
+Currently, the following header fields are defined:
+
+`pusher` ident::
+	Identify the GPG key in "Human Readable Name <email@address>"
+	format.
+
+`pushee` url::
+	The repository URL (anonymized, if the URL contains
+	authentication material) the user who ran `git push`
+	intended to push into.
+
+`nonce` nonce::
+	The 'nonce' string the receiving repository asked the
+	pushing user to include in the certificate, to prevent
+	replay attacks.
+
+The GPG signature lines are a detached signature for the contents
+recorded in the push certificate before the signature block begins.
+The detached signature is used to certify that the commands were
+given by the pusher, who must be the signer.
+
 Report Status
 -------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
index b15517fa06..4f8a7bfb4c 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-capabilities.txt
@@ -18,11 +18,13 @@ was sent.  Server MUST NOT ignore capabilities that client requested
 and server advertised.  As a consequence of these rules, server MUST
 NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand.
 
-The 'report-status' and 'delete-refs' capabilities are sent and
-recognized by the receive-pack (push to server) process.
+The 'atomic', 'report-status', 'delete-refs', 'quiet', and 'push-cert'
+capabilities are sent and recognized by the receive-pack (push to server)
+process.
 
-The 'ofs-delta' capability is sent and recognized by both upload-pack
-and receive-pack protocols.
+The 'ofs-delta' and 'side-band-64k' capabilities are sent and recognized
+by both upload-pack and receive-pack protocols.  The 'agent' capability
+may optionally be sent in both protocols.
 
 All other capabilities are only recognized by the upload-pack (fetch
 from server) process.
@@ -68,17 +70,50 @@ ends.
 Without multi_ack the client would have sent that c-b-a chain anyway,
 interleaved with S-R-Q.
 
+multi_ack_detailed
+------------------
+This is an extension of multi_ack that permits client to better
+understand the server's in-memory state. See pack-protocol.txt,
+section "Packfile Negotiation" for more information.
+
+no-done
+-------
+This capability should only be used with the smart HTTP protocol. If
+multi_ack_detailed and no-done are both present, then the sender is
+free to immediately send a pack following its first "ACK obj-id ready"
+message.
+
+Without no-done in the smart HTTP protocol, the server session would
+end and the client has to make another trip to send "done" before
+the server can send the pack. no-done removes the last round and
+thus slightly reduces latency.
+
 thin-pack
 ---------
 
-This capability means that the server can send a 'thin' pack, a pack
-which does not contain base objects; if those base objects are available
-on client side. Client requests 'thin-pack' capability when it
-understands how to "thicken" it by adding required delta bases making
-it self-contained.
+A thin pack is one with deltas which reference base objects not
+contained within the pack (but are known to exist at the receiving
+end). This can reduce the network traffic significantly, but it
+requires the receiving end to know how to "thicken" these packs by
+adding the missing bases to the pack.
 
-Client MUST NOT request 'thin-pack' capability if it cannot turn a thin
-pack into a self-contained pack.
+The upload-pack server advertises 'thin-pack' when it can generate
+and send a thin pack. A client requests the 'thin-pack' capability
+when it understands how to "thicken" it, notifying the server that
+it can receive such a pack. A client MUST NOT request the
+'thin-pack' capability if it cannot turn a thin pack into a
+self-contained pack.
+
+Receive-pack, on the other hand, is assumed by default to be able to
+handle thin packs, but can ask the client not to use the feature by
+advertising the 'no-thin' capability. A client MUST NOT send a thin
+pack if the server advertises the 'no-thin' capability.
+
+The reasons for this asymmetry are historical. The receive-pack
+program did not exist until after the invention of thin packs, so
+historically the reference implementation of receive-pack always
+understood thin packs. Adding 'no-thin' later allowed receive-pack
+to disable the feature in a backwards-compatible manner.
 
 
 side-band, side-band-64k
@@ -123,6 +158,20 @@ Server can send, and client understand PACKv2 with delta referring to
 its base by position in pack rather than by an obj-id.  That is, they can
 send/read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.
 
+agent
+-----
+
+The server may optionally send a capability of the form `agent=X` to
+notify the client that the server is running version `X`. The client may
+optionally return its own agent string by responding with an `agent=Y`
+capability (but it MUST NOT do so if the server did not mention the
+agent capability). The `X` and `Y` strings may contain any printable
+ASCII characters except space (i.e., the byte range 32 < x < 127), and
+are typically of the form "package/version" (e.g., "git/1.8.3.1"). The
+agent strings are purely informative for statistics and debugging
+purposes, and MUST NOT be used to programmatically assume the presence
+or absence of particular features.
+
 shallow
 -------
 
@@ -168,7 +217,7 @@ of whether or not there are tags available.
 report-status
 -------------
 
-The upload-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability,
+The receive-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability,
 which tells it that the client wants a report of what happened after
 a packfile upload and reference update.  If the pushing client requests
 this capability, after unpacking and updating references the server
@@ -185,3 +234,37 @@ it is capable of accepting a zero-id value as the target
 value of a reference update.  It is not sent back by the client, it
 simply informs the client that it can be sent zero-id values
 to delete references.
+
+quiet
+-----
+
+If the receive-pack server advertises the 'quiet' capability, it is
+capable of silencing human-readable progress output which otherwise may
+be shown when processing the received pack. A send-pack client should
+respond with the 'quiet' capability to suppress server-side progress
+reporting if the local progress reporting is also being suppressed
+(e.g., via `push -q`, or if stderr does not go to a tty).
+
+atomic
+------
+
+If the server sends the 'atomic' capability it is capable of accepting
+atomic pushes. If the pushing client requests this capability, the server
+will update the refs in one atomic transaction. Either all refs are
+updated or none.
+
+allow-tip-sha1-in-want
+----------------------
+
+If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
+send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not
+advertised by upload-pack.
+
+push-cert=<nonce>
+-----------------
+
+The receive-pack server that advertises this capability is willing
+to accept a signed push certificate, and asks the <nonce> to be
+included in the push certificate.  A send-pack client MUST NOT
+send a push-cert packet unless the receive-pack server advertises
+this capability.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt b/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt
index d30a1b9510..889985f707 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/protocol-common.txt
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ More specifically, they:
 
 . They cannot have ASCII control characters (i.e. bytes whose
   values are lower than \040, or \177 `DEL`), space, tilde `~`,
-  caret `{caret}`, colon `:`, question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`,
+  caret `^`, colon `:`, question-mark `?`, asterisk `*`,
   or open bracket `[` anywhere.
 
-. They cannot end with a slash `/` nor a dot `.`.
+. They cannot end with a slash `/` or a dot `.`.
 
 . They cannot end with the sequence `.lock`.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
index 53aa0c82c2..242a044db9 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/racy-git.txt
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-Use of index and Racy git problem
+Use of index and Racy Git problem
 =================================
 
 Background
 ----------
 
-The index is one of the most important data structures in git.
+The index is one of the most important data structures in Git.
 It represents a virtual working tree state by recording list of
 paths and their object names and serves as a staging area to
 write out the next tree object to be committed.  The state is
 "virtual" in the sense that it does not necessarily have to, and
 often does not, match the files in the working tree.
 
-There are cases git needs to examine the differences between the
+There are cases Git needs to examine the differences between the
 virtual working tree state in the index and the files in the
 working tree.  The most obvious case is when the user asks `git
 diff` (or its low level implementation, `git diff-files`) or
-`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, git internally checks
+`git-ls-files --modified`.  In addition, Git internally checks
 if the files in the working tree are different from what are
 recorded in the index to avoid stomping on local changes in them
 during patch application, switching branches, and merging.
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ In order to speed up this comparison between the files in the
 working tree and the index entries, the index entries record the
 information obtained from the filesystem via `lstat(2)` system
 call when they were last updated.  When checking if they differ,
-git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
+Git first runs `lstat(2)` on the files and compares the result
 with this information (this is what was originally done by the
 `ce_match_stat()` function, but the current code does it in
 `ce_match_stat_basic()` function).  If some of these "cached
-stat information" fields do not match, git can tell that the
+stat information" fields do not match, Git can tell that the
 files are modified without even looking at their contents.
 
 Note: not all members in `struct stat` obtained via `lstat(2)`
 are used for this comparison.  For example, `st_atime` obviously
-is not useful.  Currently, git compares the file type (regular
+is not useful.  Currently, Git compares the file type (regular
 files vs symbolic links) and executable bits (only for regular
 files) from `st_mode` member, `st_mtime` and `st_ctime`
 timestamps, `st_uid`, `st_gid`, `st_ino`, and `st_size` members.
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ because in-core timestamps can have finer granularity than
 on-disk timestamps, resulting in meaningless changes when an
 inode is evicted from the inode cache.  See commit 8ce13b0
 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tglx/history.git
-([PATCH] Sync in core time granuality with filesystems,
+([PATCH] Sync in core time granularity with filesystems,
 2005-01-04).
 
-Racy git
+Racy Git
 --------
 
 There is one slight problem with the optimization based on the
@@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ timestamp does not change, after this sequence, the cached stat
 information the index entry records still exactly match what you
 would see in the filesystem, even though the file `foo` is now
 different.
-This way, git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
+This way, Git can incorrectly think files in the working tree
 are unmodified even though they actually are.  This is called
-the "racy git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
+the "racy Git" problem (discovered by Pasky), and the entries
 that appear clean when they may not be because of this problem
 are called "racily clean".
 
-To avoid this problem, git does two things:
+To avoid this problem, Git does two things:
 
 . When the cached stat information says the file has not been
   modified, and the `st_mtime` is the same as (or newer than)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ timestamp comparison check done with the former logic anymore.
 The latter makes sure that the cached stat information for `foo`
 would never match with the file in the working tree, so later
 checks by `ce_match_stat_basic()` would report that the index entry
-does not match the file and git does not have to fall back on more
+does not match the file and Git does not have to fall back on more
 expensive `ce_modified_check_fs()`.
 
 
@@ -135,9 +135,9 @@ them, and give the same timestamp to the index file:
   $ git ls-files | git update-index --stdin
   $ touch -r .datestamp .git/index
 
-This will make all index entries racily clean.  The linux-2.6
-project, for example, there are over 20,000 files in the working
-tree.  On my Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above:
+This will make all index entries racily clean.  The linux project, for
+example, there are over 20,000 files in the working tree.  On my
+Athlon 64 X2 3800+, after the above:
 
   $ /usr/bin/time git diff-files
   1.68user 0.54system 0:02.22elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ of the cached stat information.
 Avoiding runtime penalty
 ------------------------
 
-In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 git used
+In order to avoid the above runtime penalty, post 1.4.2 Git used
 to have a code that made sure the index file
 got timestamp newer than the youngest files in the index when
 there are many young files with the same timestamp as the
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt b/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
index 681efe4219..9b5a0bc186 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/send-pack-pipeline.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-git-send-pack
-=============
+Git-send-pack internals
+=======================
 
 Overall operation
 -----------------
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
index 559263af48..5183b15422 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/shallow.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
-Def.: Shallow commits do have parents, but not in the shallow
+Shallow commits
+===============
+
+.Definition
+*********************************************************
+Shallow commits do have parents, but not in the shallow
 repo, and therefore grafts are introduced pretending that
 these commits have no parents.
+*********************************************************
 
-The basic idea is to write the SHA1s of shallow commits into
+The basic idea is to write the SHA-1s of shallow commits into
 $GIT_DIR/shallow, and handle its contents like the contents
 of $GIT_DIR/info/grafts (with the difference that shallow
 cannot contain parent information).
@@ -12,7 +18,7 @@ even the config, since the user should not touch that file
 at all (even throughout development of the shallow clone, it
 was never manually edited!).
 
-Each line contains exactly one SHA1. When read, a commit_graft
+Each line contains exactly one SHA-1. When read, a commit_graft
 will be constructed, which has nr_parent < 0 to make it easier
 to discern from user provided grafts.
 
@@ -47,3 +53,6 @@ It also writes an appropriate $GIT_DIR/shallow.
 You can deepen a shallow repository with "git-fetch --depth 20
 repo branch", which will fetch branch from repo, but stop at depth
 20, updating $GIT_DIR/shallow.
+
+The special depth 2147483647 (or 0x7fffffff, the largest positive
+number a signed 32-bit integer can contain) means infinite depth.
diff --git a/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt b/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
index 24c84100b0..c79d4a7c47 100644
--- a/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
+++ b/Documentation/technical/trivial-merge.txt
@@ -74,24 +74,24 @@ For multiple ancestors, a '+' means that this case applies even if
 only one ancestor or remote fits; a '^' means all of the ancestors
 must be the same.
 
-case  ancest    head    remote    result
-----------------------------------------
-1     (empty)+  (empty) (empty)   (empty)
-2ALT  (empty)+  *empty* remote    remote
-2     (empty)^  (empty) remote    no merge
-3ALT  (empty)+  head    *empty*   head
-3     (empty)^  head    (empty)   no merge
-4     (empty)^  head    remote    no merge
-5ALT  *         head    head      head
-6     ancest+   (empty) (empty)   no merge
-8     ancest^   (empty) ancest    no merge
-7     ancest+   (empty) remote    no merge
-10    ancest^   ancest  (empty)   no merge
-9     ancest+   head    (empty)   no merge
-16    anc1/anc2 anc1    anc2      no merge
-13    ancest+   head    ancest    head
-14    ancest+   ancest  remote    remote
-11    ancest+   head    remote    no merge
+ case  ancest    head    remote    result
+ ----------------------------------------
+ 1     (empty)+  (empty) (empty)   (empty)
+ 2ALT  (empty)+  *empty* remote    remote
+ 2     (empty)^  (empty) remote    no merge
+ 3ALT  (empty)+  head    *empty*   head
+ 3     (empty)^  head    (empty)   no merge
+ 4     (empty)^  head    remote    no merge
+ 5ALT  *         head    head      head
+ 6     ancest+   (empty) (empty)   no merge
+ 8     ancest^   (empty) ancest    no merge
+ 7     ancest+   (empty) remote    no merge
+ 10    ancest^   ancest  (empty)   no merge
+ 9     ancest+   head    (empty)   no merge
+ 16    anc1/anc2 anc1    anc2      no merge
+ 13    ancest+   head    ancest    head
+ 14    ancest+   ancest  remote    remote
+ 11    ancest+   head    remote    no merge
 
 Only #2ALT and #3ALT use *empty*, because these are the only cases
 where there can be conflicts that didn't exist before. Note that we
diff --git a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
index 00f7e79c44..282758e768 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls-remotes.txt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ REMOTES[[REMOTES]]
 The name of one of the following can be used instead
 of a URL as `<repository>` argument:
 
-* a remote in the git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
+* a remote in the Git configuration file: `$GIT_DIR/config`,
 * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/remotes` directory, or
 * a file in the `$GIT_DIR/branches` directory.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/urls.txt b/Documentation/urls.txt
index 289019478d..9ccb24677e 100644
--- a/Documentation/urls.txt
+++ b/Documentation/urls.txt
@@ -6,8 +6,15 @@ address of the remote server, and the path to the repository.
 Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be
 absent.
 
-Git natively supports ssh, git, http, https, ftp, ftps, and rsync
-protocols. The following syntaxes may be used with them:
+Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp,
+and ftps can be used for fetching and rsync can be used for fetching
+and pushing, but these are inefficient and deprecated; do not use
+them).
+
+The native transport (i.e. git:// URL) does no authentication and
+should be used with caution on unsecured networks.
+
+The following syntaxes may be used with them:
 
 - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
@@ -19,17 +26,23 @@ An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:
 
 - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:path/to/repo.git/
 
+This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the
+first colon. This helps differentiate a local path that contains a
+colon. For example the local path `foo:bar` could be specified as an
+absolute path or `./foo:bar` to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh
+url.
+
 The ssh and git protocols additionally support ~username expansion:
 
 - ssh://{startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - git://host.xz{startsb}:port{endsb}/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 - {startsb}user@{endsb}host.xz:/~{startsb}user{endsb}/path/to/repo.git/
 
-For local repositories, also supported by git natively, the following
+For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
 syntaxes may be used:
 
 - /path/to/repo.git/
-- file:///path/to/repo.git/
+- \file:///path/to/repo.git/
 
 ifndef::git-clone[]
 These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
@@ -42,7 +55,7 @@ These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except the former implies
 --local option.
 endif::git-clone[]
 
-When git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
+When Git doesn't know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
 attempts to use the 'remote-<transport>' remote helper, if one
 exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
 may be used:
@@ -51,7 +64,7 @@ may be used:
 
 where <address> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
 URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
-invoked. See linkgit:git-remote-helpers[1] for details.
+invoked. See linkgit:gitremote-helpers[1] for details.
 
 If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
 you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.conf b/Documentation/user-manual.conf
index 339b30919e..d87294de2f 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.conf
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.conf
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ ifdef::backend-docbook[]
 # "unbreak" docbook-xsl v1.68 for manpages. v1.69 works with or without this.
 [listingblock]
 <example><title>{title}</title>
-<literallayout>
+<literallayout class="monospaced">
 |
 </literallayout>
 {title#}</example>
diff --git a/Documentation/user-manual.txt b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
index 6c7fee7ef7..68978f5338 100644
--- a/Documentation/user-manual.txt
+++ b/Documentation/user-manual.txt
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-Git User's Manual (for version 1.5.3 or newer)
-______________________________________________
-
+Git User Manual
+===============
 
 Git is a fast distributed revision control system.
 
 This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
-command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of git.
+command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.
 
 <<repositories-and-branches>> and <<exploring-git-history>> explain how
 to fetch and study a project using git--read these chapters to learn how
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ Further chapters cover more specialized topics.
 
 Comprehensive reference documentation is available through the man
 pages, or linkgit:git-help[1] command.  For example, for the command
-"git clone <repo>", you can either use:
+`git clone <repo>`, you can either use:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ man git-clone
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ $ git help clone
 With the latter, you can use the manual viewer of your choice; see
 linkgit:git-help[1] for more information.
 
-See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of git commands,
+See also <<git-quick-start>> for a brief overview of Git commands,
 without any explanation.
 
 Finally, see <<todo>> for ways that you can help make this manual more
@@ -46,10 +45,10 @@ Repositories and Branches
 =========================
 
 [[how-to-get-a-git-repository]]
-How to get a git repository
+How to get a Git repository
 ---------------------------
 
-It will be useful to have a git repository to experiment with as you
+It will be useful to have a Git repository to experiment with as you
 read this manual.
 
 The best way to get one is by using the linkgit:git-clone[1] command to
@@ -57,20 +56,20 @@ download a copy of an existing repository.  If you don't already have a
 project in mind, here are some interesting examples:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
-	# git itself (approx. 10MB download):
+	# Git itself (approx. 40MB download):
 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git
-	# the Linux kernel (approx. 150MB download):
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git
+	# the Linux kernel (approx. 640MB download):
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 The initial clone may be time-consuming for a large project, but you
 will only need to clone once.
 
-The clone command creates a new directory named after the project ("git"
-or "linux-2.6" in the examples above).  After you cd into this
+The clone command creates a new directory named after the project
+(`git` or `linux` in the examples above).  After you cd into this
 directory, you will see that it contains a copy of the project files,
 called the <<def_working_tree,working tree>>, together with a special
-top-level directory named ".git", which contains all the information
+top-level directory named `.git`, which contains all the information
 about the history of the project.
 
 [[how-to-check-out]]
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ How to check out a different version of a project
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a collection
 of files.  It stores the history as a compressed collection of
-interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In git each such
+interrelated snapshots of the project's contents.  In Git each such
 version is called a <<def_commit,commit>>.
 
 Those snapshots aren't necessarily all arranged in a single line from
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ oldest to newest; instead, work may simultaneously proceed along
 parallel lines of development, called <<def_branch,branches>>, which may
 merge and diverge.
 
-A single git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
+A single Git repository can track development on multiple branches.  It
 does this by keeping a list of <<def_head,heads>> which reference the
 latest commit on each branch; the linkgit:git-branch[1] command shows
 you the list of branch heads:
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ As you can see, a commit shows who made the latest change, what they
 did, and why.
 
 Every commit has a 40-hexdigit id, sometimes called the "object name" or the
-"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the "git show" output.  You can usually
+"SHA-1 id", shown on the first line of the `git show` output.  You can usually
 refer to a commit by a shorter name, such as a tag or a branch name, but this
 longer name can also be useful.  Most importantly, it is a globally unique
 name for this commit: so if you tell somebody else the object name (for
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@ has that commit at all).  Since the object name is computed as a hash over the
 contents of the commit, you are guaranteed that the commit can never change
 without its name also changing.
 
-In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in git
+In fact, in <<git-concepts>> we shall see that everything stored in Git
 history, including file data and directory contents, is stored in an object
 with a name that is a hash of its contents.
 
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@ parent commit which shows what happened before this commit.
 Following the chain of parents will eventually take you back to the
 beginning of the project.
 
-However, the commits do not form a simple list; git allows lines of
+However, the commits do not form a simple list; Git allows lines of
 development to diverge and then reconverge, and the point where two
 lines of development reconverge is called a "merge".  The commit
 representing a merge can therefore have more than one parent, with
@@ -219,8 +218,8 @@ each parent representing the most recent commit on one of the lines
 of development leading to that point.
 
 The best way to see how this works is using the linkgit:gitk[1]
-command; running gitk now on a git repository and looking for merge
-commits will help understand how the git organizes history.
+command; running gitk now on a Git repository and looking for merge
+commits will help understand how Git organizes history.
 
 In the following, we say that commit X is "reachable" from commit Y
 if commit X is an ancestor of commit Y.  Equivalently, you could say
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ leading from commit Y to commit X.
 Understanding history: History diagrams
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-We will sometimes represent git history using diagrams like the one
+We will sometimes represent Git history using diagrams like the one
 below.  Commits are shown as "o", and the links between them with
 lines drawn with - / and \.  Time goes left to right:
 
@@ -268,35 +267,31 @@ Manipulating branches
 Creating, deleting, and modifying branches is quick and easy; here's
 a summary of the commands:
 
-git branch::
-	list all branches
-git branch <branch>::
-	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing the same
-	point in history as the current branch
-git branch <branch> <start-point>::
-	create a new branch named <branch>, referencing
-	<start-point>, which may be specified any way you like,
-	including using a branch name or a tag name
-git branch -d <branch>::
-	delete the branch <branch>; if the branch you are deleting
-	points to a commit which is not reachable from the current
-	branch, this command will fail with a warning.
-git branch -D <branch>::
-	even if the branch points to a commit not reachable
-	from the current branch, you may know that that commit
-	is still reachable from some other branch or tag.  In that
-	case it is safe to use this command to force git to delete
-	the branch.
-git checkout <branch>::
-	make the current branch <branch>, updating the working
-	directory to reflect the version referenced by <branch>
-git checkout -b <new> <start-point>::
-	create a new branch <new> referencing <start-point>, and
+`git branch`::
+	list all branches.
+`git branch <branch>`::
+	create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing the same
+	point in history as the current branch.
+`git branch <branch> <start-point>`::
+	create a new branch named `<branch>`, referencing
+	`<start-point>`, which may be specified any way you like,
+	including using a branch name or a tag name.
+`git branch -d <branch>`::
+	delete the branch `<branch>`; if the branch is not fully
+	merged in its upstream branch or contained in the current branch,
+	this command will fail with a warning.
+`git branch -D <branch>`::
+	delete the branch `<branch>` irrespective of its merged status.
+`git checkout <branch>`::
+	make the current branch `<branch>`, updating the working
+	directory to reflect the version referenced by `<branch>`.
+`git checkout -b <new> <start-point>`::
+	create a new branch `<new>` referencing `<start-point>`, and
 	check it out.
 
 The special symbol "HEAD" can always be used to refer to the current
-branch.  In fact, git uses a file named "HEAD" in the .git directory to
-remember which branch is current:
+branch.  In fact, Git uses a file named `HEAD` in the `.git` directory
+to remember which branch is current:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ cat .git/HEAD
@@ -313,10 +308,17 @@ referenced by a tag:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout v2.6.17
-Note: moving to "v2.6.17" which isn't a local branch
-If you want to create a new branch from this checkout, you may do so
-(now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
-  git checkout -b <new_branch_name>
+Note: checking out 'v2.6.17'.
+
+You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental
+changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this
+state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.
+
+If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may
+do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:
+
+  git checkout -b new_branch_name
+
 HEAD is now at 427abfa... Linux v2.6.17
 ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -327,7 +329,7 @@ and git branch shows that you are no longer on a branch:
 $ cat .git/HEAD
 427abfa28afedffadfca9dd8b067eb6d36bac53f
 $ git branch
-* (no branch)
+* (detached from v2.6.17)
   master
 ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ of the HEAD in the repository that you cloned from.  That repository
 may also have had other branches, though, and your local repository
 keeps branches which track each of those remote branches, called
 remote-tracking branches, which you
-can view using the "-r" option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
+can view using the `-r` option to linkgit:git-branch[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch -r
@@ -364,7 +366,7 @@ In this example, "origin" is called a remote repository, or "remote"
 for short. The branches of this repository are called "remote
 branches" from our point of view. The remote-tracking branches listed
 above were created based on the remote branches at clone time and will
-be updated by "git fetch" (hence "git pull") and "git push". See
+be updated by `git fetch` (hence `git pull`) and `git push`. See
 <<Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch>> for details.
 
 You might want to build on one of these remote-tracking branches
@@ -374,10 +376,10 @@ on a branch of your own, just as you would for a tag:
 $ git checkout -b my-todo-copy origin/todo
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You can also check out "origin/todo" directly to examine it or
+You can also check out `origin/todo` directly to examine it or
 write a one-off patch.  See <<detached-head,detached head>>.
 
-Note that the name "origin" is just the name that git uses by default
+Note that the name "origin" is just the name that Git uses by default
 to refer to the repository that you cloned from.
 
 [[how-git-stores-references]]
@@ -386,17 +388,17 @@ Naming branches, tags, and other references
 
 Branches, remote-tracking branches, and tags are all references to
 commits.  All references are named with a slash-separated path name
-starting with "refs"; the names we've been using so far are actually
+starting with `refs`; the names we've been using so far are actually
 shorthand:
 
-	- The branch "test" is short for "refs/heads/test".
-	- The tag "v2.6.18" is short for "refs/tags/v2.6.18".
-	- "origin/master" is short for "refs/remotes/origin/master".
+	- The branch `test` is short for `refs/heads/test`.
+	- The tag `v2.6.18` is short for `refs/tags/v2.6.18`.
+	- `origin/master` is short for `refs/remotes/origin/master`.
 
 The full name is occasionally useful if, for example, there ever
 exists a tag and a branch with the same name.
 
-(Newly created refs are actually stored in the .git/refs directory,
+(Newly created refs are actually stored in the `.git/refs` directory,
 under the path given by their name.  However, for efficiency reasons
 they may also be packed together in a single file; see
 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1]).
@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@ As another useful shortcut, the "HEAD" of a repository can be referred
 to just using the name of that repository.  So, for example, "origin"
 is usually a shortcut for the HEAD branch in the repository "origin".
 
-For the complete list of paths which git checks for references, and
+For the complete list of paths which Git checks for references, and
 the order it uses to decide which to choose when there are multiple
 references with the same shorthand name, see the "SPECIFYING
 REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
@@ -414,12 +416,11 @@ REVISIONS" section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
 Updating a repository with git fetch
 ------------------------------------
 
-Eventually the developer cloned from will do additional work in her
-repository, creating new commits and advancing the branches to point
-at the new commits.
+After you clone a repository and commit a few changes of your own, you
+may wish to check the original repository for updates.
 
-The command "git fetch", with no arguments, will update all of the
-remote-tracking branches to the latest version found in her
+The `git-fetch` command, with no arguments, will update all of the
+remote-tracking branches to the latest version found in the original
 repository.  It will not touch any of your own branches--not even the
 "master" branch that was created for you on clone.
 
@@ -431,43 +432,49 @@ You can also track branches from repositories other than the one you
 cloned from, using linkgit:git-remote[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git remote add linux-nfs git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
-$ git fetch linux-nfs
-* refs/remotes/linux-nfs/master: storing branch 'master' ...
-  commit: bf81b46
+$ git remote add staging git://git.kernel.org/.../gregkh/staging.git
+$ git fetch staging
+...
+From git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging
+ * [new branch]      master     -> staging/master
+ * [new branch]      staging-linus -> staging/staging-linus
+ * [new branch]      staging-next -> staging/staging-next
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 New remote-tracking branches will be stored under the shorthand name
-that you gave "git remote add", in this case linux-nfs:
+that you gave `git remote add`, in this case `staging`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch -r
-linux-nfs/master
-origin/master
+  origin/HEAD -> origin/master
+  origin/master
+  staging/master
+  staging/staging-linus
+  staging/staging-next
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git fetch <remote>" later, the remote-tracking branches for the
-named <remote> will be updated.
+If you run `git fetch <remote>` later, the remote-tracking branches
+for the named `<remote>` will be updated.
 
-If you examine the file .git/config, you will see that git has added
+If you examine the file `.git/config`, you will see that Git has added
 a new stanza:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ cat .git/config
 ...
-[remote "linux-nfs"]
-	url = git://linux-nfs.org/pub/nfs-2.6.git
-	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/linux-nfs/*
+[remote "staging"]
+	url = git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/staging/*
 ...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-This is what causes git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
-or delete these configuration options by editing .git/config with a
+This is what causes Git to track the remote's branches; you may modify
+or delete these configuration options by editing `.git/config` with a
 text editor.  (See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of
 linkgit:git-config[1] for details.)
 
 [[exploring-git-history]]
-Exploring git history
+Exploring Git history
 =====================
 
 Git is best thought of as a tool for storing the history of a
@@ -499,7 +506,7 @@ Bisecting: 3537 revisions left to test after this
 [65934a9a028b88e83e2b0f8b36618fe503349f8e] BLOCK: Make USB storage depend on SCSI rather than selecting it [try #6]
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-If you run "git branch" at this point, you'll see that git has
+If you run `git branch` at this point, you'll see that Git has
 temporarily moved you in "(no branch)". HEAD is now detached from any
 branch and points directly to a commit (with commit id 65934...) that
 is reachable from "master" but not from v2.6.18. Compile and test it,
@@ -511,7 +518,7 @@ Bisecting: 1769 revisions left to test after this
 [7eff82c8b1511017ae605f0c99ac275a7e21b867] i2c-core: Drop useless bitmaskings
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling git at each
+checks out an older version.  Continue like this, telling Git at each
 stage whether the version it gives you is good or bad, and notice
 that the number of revisions left to test is cut approximately in
 half each time.
@@ -545,24 +552,24 @@ id, and check it out with:
 $ git reset --hard fb47ddb2db...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then test, run "bisect good" or "bisect bad" as appropriate, and
+then test, run `bisect good` or `bisect bad` as appropriate, and
 continue.
 
-Instead of "git bisect visualize" and then "git reset --hard
-fb47ddb2db...", you might just want to tell git that you want to skip
+Instead of `git bisect visualize` and then `git reset --hard
+fb47ddb2db...`, you might just want to tell Git that you want to skip
 the current commit:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git bisect skip
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In this case, though, git may not eventually be able to tell the first
+In this case, though, Git may not eventually be able to tell the first
 bad one between some first skipped commits and a later bad commit.
 
 There are also ways to automate the bisecting process if you have a
 test script that can tell a good from a bad commit. See
-linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other "git
-bisect" features.
+linkgit:git-bisect[1] for more information about this and other `git
+bisect` features.
 
 [[naming-commits]]
 Naming commits
@@ -591,7 +598,7 @@ $ git show HEAD~4   # the great-great-grandparent
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Recall that merge commits may have more than one parent; by default,
-^ and ~ follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
+`^` and `~` follow the first parent listed in the commit, but you can
 also choose:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -640,7 +647,7 @@ running
 $ git tag stable-1 1b2e1d63ff
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-You can use stable-1 to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
+You can use `stable-1` to refer to the commit 1b2e1d63ff.
 
 This creates a "lightweight" tag.  If you would also like to include a
 comment with the tag, and possibly sign it cryptographically, then you
@@ -669,7 +676,7 @@ $ git log -S'foo()'	# commits which add or remove any file data
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 And of course you can combine all of these; the following finds
-commits since v2.5 which touch the Makefile or any file under fs:
+commits since v2.5 which touch the `Makefile` or any file under `fs`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log v2.5.. Makefile fs/
@@ -681,11 +688,11 @@ You can also ask git log to show patches:
 $ git log -p
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-See the "--pretty" option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
+See the `--pretty` option in the linkgit:git-log[1] man page for more
 display options.
 
 Note that git log starts with the most recent commit and works
-backwards through the parents; however, since git history can contain
+backwards through the parents; however, since Git history can contain
 multiple independent lines of development, the particular order that
 commits are listed in may be somewhat arbitrary.
 
@@ -732,7 +739,7 @@ $ git show v2.5:fs/locks.c
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Before the colon may be anything that names a commit, and after it
-may be any path to a file tracked by git.
+may be any path to a file tracked by Git.
 
 [[history-examples]]
 Examples
@@ -742,8 +749,8 @@ Examples
 Counting the number of commits on a branch
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on "mybranch"
-since it diverged from "origin":
+Suppose you want to know how many commits you've made on `mybranch`
+since it diverged from `origin`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --pretty=oneline origin..mybranch | wc -l
@@ -780,9 +787,9 @@ $ git rev-list master
 e05db0fd4f31dde7005f075a84f96b360d05984b
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Or you could recall that the ... operator selects all commits
-contained reachable from either one reference or the other but not
-both: so
+Or you could recall that the `...` operator selects all commits
+reachable from either one reference or the other but not
+both; so
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git log origin...master
@@ -808,7 +815,7 @@ You could just visually inspect the commits since e05db0fd:
 $ gitk e05db0fd..
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a
+or you can use linkgit:git-name-rev[1], which will give the commit a
 name based on any tag it finds pointing to one of the commit's
 descendants:
 
@@ -852,8 +859,8 @@ because it outputs only commits that are not reachable from v1.5.0-rc1.
 
 As yet another alternative, the linkgit:git-show-branch[1] command lists
 the commits reachable from its arguments with a display on the left-hand
-side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from.  So,
-you can run something like
+side that indicates which arguments that commit is reachable from.
+So, if you run something like
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git show-branch e05db0fd v1.5.0-rc0 v1.5.0-rc1 v1.5.0-rc2
@@ -865,22 +872,22 @@ available
 ...
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then search for a line that looks like
+then a line like
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 + ++ [e05db0fd] Fix warnings in sha1_file.c - use C99 printf format if
 available
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Which shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1, and
-from v1.5.0-rc2, but not from v1.5.0-rc0.
+shows that e05db0fd is reachable from itself, from v1.5.0-rc1,
+and from v1.5.0-rc2, and not from v1.5.0-rc0.
 
 [[showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch]]
 Showing commits unique to a given branch
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Suppose you would like to see all the commits reachable from the branch
-head named "master" but not from any other head in your repository.
+head named `master` but not from any other head in your repository.
 
 We can list all the heads in this repository with
 linkgit:git-show-ref[1]:
@@ -894,7 +901,7 @@ a07157ac624b2524a059a3414e99f6f44bebc1e7 refs/heads/master
 1e87486ae06626c2f31eaa63d26fc0fd646c8af2 refs/heads/tutorial-fixes
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-We can get just the branch-head names, and remove "master", with
+We can get just the branch-head names, and remove `master`, with
 the help of the standard utilities cut and grep:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -931,11 +938,20 @@ The linkgit:git-archive[1] command can create a tar or zip archive from
 any version of a project; for example:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+$ git archive -o latest.tar.gz --prefix=project/ HEAD
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-will use HEAD to produce a tar archive in which each filename is
-preceded by "project/".
+will use HEAD to produce a gzipped tar archive in which each filename
+is preceded by `project/`.  The output file format is inferred from
+the output file extension if possible, see linkgit:git-archive[1] for
+details.
+
+Versions of Git older than 1.7.7 don't know about the `tar.gz` format,
+you'll need to use gzip explicitly:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git archive --format=tar --prefix=project/ HEAD | gzip >latest.tar.gz
+-------------------------------------------------
 
 If you're releasing a new version of a software project, you may want
 to simultaneously make a changelog to include in the release
@@ -984,16 +1000,23 @@ student.  The linkgit:git-log[1], linkgit:git-diff-tree[1], and
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1] man pages may prove helpful.
 
 [[Developing-With-git]]
-Developing with git
+Developing with Git
 ===================
 
 [[telling-git-your-name]]
-Telling git your name
+Telling Git your name
 ---------------------
 
-Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to git.  The
-easiest way to do so is to make sure the following lines appear in a
-file named .gitconfig in your home directory:
+Before creating any commits, you should introduce yourself to Git.
+The easiest way to do so is to use linkgit:git-config[1]:
+
+------------------------------------------------
+$ git config --global user.name 'Your Name Comes Here'
+$ git config --global user.email 'you@yourdomain.example.com'
+------------------------------------------------
+
+Which will add the following to a file named `.gitconfig` in your
+home directory:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 [user]
@@ -1001,8 +1024,9 @@ file named .gitconfig in your home directory:
 	email = you@yourdomain.example.com
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-(See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
-details on the configuration file.)
+See the "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1] for
+details on the configuration file.  The file is plain text, so you can
+also edit it with your favorite editor.
 
 
 [[creating-a-new-repository]]
@@ -1035,35 +1059,29 @@ Creating a new commit takes three steps:
 
 	1. Making some changes to the working directory using your
 	   favorite editor.
-	2. Telling git about your changes.
-	3. Creating the commit using the content you told git about
+	2. Telling Git about your changes.
+	3. Creating the commit using the content you told Git about
 	   in step 2.
 
 In practice, you can interleave and repeat steps 1 and 2 as many
 times as you want: in order to keep track of what you want committed
-at step 3, git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
+at step 3, Git maintains a snapshot of the tree's contents in a
 special staging area called "the index."
 
 At the beginning, the content of the index will be identical to
-that of the HEAD.  The command "git diff --cached", which shows
+that of the HEAD.  The command `git diff --cached`, which shows
 the difference between the HEAD and the index, should therefore
 produce no output at that point.
 
 Modifying the index is easy:
 
-To update the index with the new contents of a modified file, use
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git add path/to/file
--------------------------------------------------
-
-To add the contents of a new file to the index, use
+To update the index with the contents of a new or modified file, use
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git add path/to/file
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-To remove a file from the index and from the working tree,
+To remove a file from the index and from the working tree, use
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git rm path/to/file
@@ -1084,7 +1102,7 @@ $ git diff
 
 shows the difference between the working tree and the index file.
 
-Note that "git add" always adds just the current contents of a file
+Note that `git add` always adds just the current contents of a file
 to the index; further changes to the same file will be ignored unless
 you run `git add` on the file again.
 
@@ -1094,7 +1112,7 @@ When you're ready, just run
 $ git commit
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
+and Git will prompt you for a commit message and then create the new
 commit.  Check to make sure it looks like what you expected with
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -1136,24 +1154,28 @@ Creating good commit messages
 Though not required, it's a good idea to begin the commit message
 with a single short (less than 50 character) line summarizing the
 change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough
-description.  Tools that turn commits into email, for example, use
-the first line on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the
-body.
+description.  The text up to the first blank line in a commit
+message is treated as the commit title, and that title is used
+throughout Git.  For example, linkgit:git-format-patch[1] turns a
+commit into email, and it uses the title on the Subject line and the
+rest of the commit in the body.
+
 
 [[ignoring-files]]
 Ignoring files
 --------------
 
-A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with git.
+A project will often generate files that you do 'not' want to track with Git.
 This typically includes files generated by a build process or temporary
-backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with git
+backup files made by your editor. Of course, 'not' tracking files with Git
 is just a matter of 'not' calling `git add` on them. But it quickly becomes
 annoying to have these untracked files lying around; e.g. they make
 `git add .` practically useless, and they keep showing up in the output of
 `git status`.
 
-You can tell git to ignore certain files by creating a file called .gitignore
-in the top level of your working directory, with contents such as:
+You can tell Git to ignore certain files by creating a file called
+`.gitignore` in the top level of your working directory, with contents
+such as:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 # Lines starting with '#' are considered comments.
@@ -1177,10 +1199,10 @@ for other users who clone your repository.
 
 If you wish the exclude patterns to affect only certain repositories
 (instead of every repository for a given project), you may instead put
-them in a file in your repository named .git/info/exclude, or in any file
-specified by the `core.excludesfile` configuration variable.  Some git
-commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the command line.
-See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
+them in a file in your repository named `.git/info/exclude`, or in any
+file specified by the `core.excludesFile` configuration variable.
+Some Git commands can also take exclude patterns directly on the
+command line.  See linkgit:gitignore[5] for the details.
 
 [[how-to-merge]]
 How to merge
@@ -1193,10 +1215,10 @@ linkgit:git-merge[1]:
 $ git merge branchname
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-merges the development in the branch "branchname" into the current
+merges the development in the branch `branchname` into the current
 branch.
 
-A merge is made by combining the changes made in "branchname" and the
+A merge is made by combining the changes made in `branchname` and the
 changes made up to the latest commit in your current branch since
 their histories forked. The work tree is overwritten by the result of
 the merge when this combining is done cleanly, or overwritten by a
@@ -1224,7 +1246,7 @@ Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
 
 Conflict markers are left in the problematic files, and after
 you resolve the conflicts manually, you can update the index
-with the contents and run git commit, as you normally would when
+with the contents and run Git commit, as you normally would when
 creating a new file.
 
 If you examine the resulting commit using gitk, you will see that it
@@ -1235,7 +1257,7 @@ one to the top of the other branch.
 Resolving a merge
 -----------------
 
-When a merge isn't resolved automatically, git leaves the index and
+When a merge isn't resolved automatically, Git leaves the index and
 the working tree in a special state that gives you all the
 information you need to help resolve the merge.
 
@@ -1271,14 +1293,14 @@ some information about the merge.  Normally you can just use this
 default message unchanged, but you may add additional commentary of
 your own if desired.
 
-The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But git
+The above is all you need to know to resolve a simple merge.  But Git
 also provides more information to help resolve conflicts:
 
 [[conflict-resolution]]
 Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-All of the changes that git was able to merge automatically are
+All of the changes that Git was able to merge automatically are
 already added to the index file, so linkgit:git-diff[1] shows only
 the conflicts.  It uses an unusual syntax:
 
@@ -1318,7 +1340,7 @@ that part is not conflicting and is not shown.  Same for stage 3).
 
 The diff above shows the differences between the working-tree version of
 file.txt and the stage 2 and stage 3 versions.  So instead of preceding
-each line by a single "+" or "-", it now uses two columns: the first
+each line by a single `+` or `-`, it now uses two columns: the first
 column is used for differences between the first parent and the working
 directory copy, and the second for differences between the second parent
 and the working directory copy.  (See the "COMBINED DIFF FORMAT" section
@@ -1410,7 +1432,7 @@ parents, one pointing at each of the two lines of development that
 were merged.
 
 However, if the current branch is a descendant of the other--so every
-commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then git
+commit present in the one is already contained in the other--then Git
 just performs a "fast-forward"; the head of the current branch is moved
 forward to point at the head of the merged-in branch, without any new
 commits being created.
@@ -1436,7 +1458,7 @@ fundamentally different ways to fix the problem:
 
 	2. You can go back and modify the old commit.  You should
 	never do this if you have already made the history public;
-	git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
+	Git does not normally expect the "history" of a project to
 	change, and cannot correctly perform repeated merges from
 	a branch that has had its history changed.
 
@@ -1461,7 +1483,7 @@ You can also revert an earlier change, for example, the next-to-last:
 $ git revert HEAD^
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In this case git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
+In this case Git will attempt to undo the old change while leaving
 intact any changes made since then.  If more recent changes overlap
 with the changes to be reverted, then you will be asked to fix
 conflicts manually, just as in the case of <<resolving-a-merge,
@@ -1558,18 +1580,12 @@ $ git stash pop
 Ensuring good performance
 -------------------------
 
-On large repositories, git depends on compression to keep the history
-information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.
-
-This compression is not performed automatically.  Therefore you
-should occasionally run linkgit:git-gc[1]:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git gc
--------------------------------------------------
-
-to recompress the archive.  This can be very time-consuming, so
-you may prefer to run `git gc` when you are not doing other work.
+On large repositories, Git depends on compression to keep the history
+information from taking up too much space on disk or in memory.  Some
+Git commands may automatically run linkgit:git-gc[1], so you don't
+have to worry about running it manually.  However, compressing a large
+repository may take a while, so you may want to call `gc` explicitly
+to avoid automatic compression kicking in when it is not convenient.
 
 
 [[ensuring-reliability]]
@@ -1599,8 +1615,8 @@ dangling tree b24c2473f1fd3d91352a624795be026d64c8841f
 
 You will see informational messages on dangling objects. They are objects
 that still exist in the repository but are no longer referenced by any of
-your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with "gc".
-You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to supress these messages, and still
+your branches, and can (and will) be removed after a while with `gc`.
+You can run `git fsck --no-dangling` to suppress these messages, and still
 view real errors.
 
 [[recovering-lost-changes]]
@@ -1611,11 +1627,11 @@ Recovering lost changes
 Reflogs
 ^^^^^^^
 
-Say you modify a branch with `linkgit:git-reset[1] --hard`, and then
-realize that the branch was the only reference you had to that point in
-history.
+Say you modify a branch with <<fixing-mistakes,`git reset --hard`>>,
+and then realize that the branch was the only reference you had to
+that point in history.
 
-Fortunately, git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
+Fortunately, Git also keeps a log, called a "reflog", of all the
 previous values of each branch.  So in this case you can still find the
 old history using, for example,
 
@@ -1624,8 +1640,8 @@ $ git log master@{1}
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 This lists the commits reachable from the previous version of the
-"master" branch head.  This syntax can be used with any git command
-that accepts a commit, not just with git log.  Some other examples:
+`master` branch head.  This syntax can be used with any Git command
+that accepts a commit, not just with `git log`.  Some other examples:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git show master@{2}		# See where the branch pointed 2,
@@ -1650,7 +1666,7 @@ pruned.  See linkgit:git-reflog[1] and linkgit:git-gc[1] to learn
 how to control this pruning, and see the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS"
 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7] for details.
 
-Note that the reflog history is very different from normal git history.
+Note that the reflog history is very different from normal Git history.
 While normal history is shared by every repository that works on the
 same project, the reflog history is not shared: it tells you only about
 how the branches in your local repository have changed over time.
@@ -1729,8 +1745,8 @@ one step:
 $ git pull origin master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In fact, if you have "master" checked out, then this branch has been
-configured by "git clone" to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
+In fact, if you have `master` checked out, then this branch has been
+configured by `git clone` to get changes from the HEAD branch of the
 origin repository.  So often you can
 accomplish the above with just a simple
 
@@ -1745,11 +1761,11 @@ the current branch.
 More generally, a branch that is created from a remote-tracking branch
 will pull
 by default from that branch.  See the descriptions of the
-branch.<name>.remote and branch.<name>.merge options in
+`branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge` options in
 linkgit:git-config[1], and the discussion of the `--track` option in
 linkgit:git-checkout[1], to learn how to control these defaults.
 
-In addition to saving you keystrokes, "git pull" also helps you by
+In addition to saving you keystrokes, `git pull` also helps you by
 producing a default commit message documenting the branch and
 repository that you pulled from.
 
@@ -1757,7 +1773,7 @@ repository that you pulled from.
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; instead, your branch will just be
 updated to point to the latest commit from the upstream branch.)
 
-The `git pull` command can also be given "." as the "remote" repository,
+The `git pull` command can also be given `.` as the "remote" repository,
 in which case it just merges in a branch from the current repository; so
 the commands
 
@@ -1766,7 +1782,7 @@ $ git pull . branch
 $ git merge branch
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-are roughly equivalent.  The former is actually very commonly used.
+are roughly equivalent.
 
 [[submitting-patches]]
 Submitting patches to a project
@@ -1782,13 +1798,20 @@ $ git format-patch origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 will produce a numbered series of files in the current directory, one
-for each patch in the current branch but not in origin/HEAD.
+for each patch in the current branch but not in `origin/HEAD`.
+
+`git format-patch` can include an initial "cover letter". You can insert
+commentary on individual patches after the three dash line which
+`format-patch` places after the commit message but before the patch
+itself.  If you use `git notes` to track your cover letter material,
+`git format-patch --notes` will include the commit's notes in a similar
+manner.
 
 You can then import these into your mail client and send them by
 hand.  However, if you have a lot to send at once, you may prefer to
 use the linkgit:git-send-email[1] script to automate the process.
-Consult the mailing list for your project first to determine how they
-prefer such patches be handled.
+Consult the mailing list for your project first to determine
+their requirements for submitting patches.
 
 [[importing-patches]]
 Importing patches to a project
@@ -1797,7 +1820,7 @@ Importing patches to a project
 Git also provides a tool called linkgit:git-am[1] (am stands for
 "apply mailbox"), for importing such an emailed series of patches.
 Just save all of the patch-containing messages, in order, into a
-single mailbox file, say "patches.mbox", then run
+single mailbox file, say `patches.mbox`, then run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git am -3 patches.mbox
@@ -1805,18 +1828,18 @@ $ git am -3 patches.mbox
 
 Git will apply each patch in order; if any conflicts are found, it
 will stop, and you can fix the conflicts as described in
-"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The "-3" option tells
-git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
+"<<resolving-a-merge,Resolving a merge>>".  (The `-3` option tells
+Git to perform a merge; if you would prefer it just to abort and
 leave your tree and index untouched, you may omit that option.)
 
 Once the index is updated with the results of the conflict
 resolution, instead of creating a new commit, just run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git am --resolved
+$ git am --continue
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
+and Git will create the commit for you and continue applying the
 remaining patches from the mailbox.
 
 The final result will be a series of commits, one for each patch in
@@ -1824,7 +1847,7 @@ the original mailbox, with authorship and commit log message each
 taken from the message containing each patch.
 
 [[public-repositories]]
-Public git repositories
+Public Git repositories
 -----------------------
 
 Another way to submit changes to a project is to tell the maintainer
@@ -1881,7 +1904,7 @@ We explain how to do this in the following sections.
 Setting up a public repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Assume your personal repository is in the directory ~/proj.  We
+Assume your personal repository is in the directory `~/proj`.  We
 first create a new clone of the repository and tell `git daemon` that it
 is meant to be public:
 
@@ -1891,28 +1914,28 @@ $ touch proj.git/git-daemon-export-ok
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 The resulting directory proj.git contains a "bare" git repository--it is
-just the contents of the ".git" directory, without any files checked out
+just the contents of the `.git` directory, without any files checked out
 around it.
 
-Next, copy proj.git to the server where you plan to host the
+Next, copy `proj.git` to the server where you plan to host the
 public repository.  You can use scp, rsync, or whatever is most
 convenient.
 
 [[exporting-via-git]]
-Exporting a git repository via the git protocol
+Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 This is the preferred method.
 
 If someone else administers the server, they should tell you what
-directory to put the repository in, and what git:// URL it will appear
-at.  You can then skip to the section
+directory to put the repository in, and what `git://` URL it will
+appear at.  You can then skip to the section
 "<<pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository,Pushing changes to a public
 repository>>", below.
 
 Otherwise, all you need to do is start linkgit:git-daemon[1]; it will
 listen on port 9418.  By default, it will allow access to any directory
-that looks like a git directory and contains the magic file
+that looks like a Git directory and contains the magic file
 git-daemon-export-ok.  Passing some directory paths as `git daemon`
 arguments will further restrict the exports to those paths.
 
@@ -1921,13 +1944,13 @@ linkgit:git-daemon[1] man page for details.  (See especially the
 examples section.)
 
 [[exporting-via-http]]
-Exporting a git repository via http
+Exporting a git repository via HTTP
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-The git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
-host with a web server set up, http exports may be simpler to set up.
+The Git protocol gives better performance and reliability, but on a
+host with a web server set up, HTTP exports may be simpler to set up.
 
-All you need to do is place the newly created bare git repository in
+All you need to do is place the newly created bare Git repository in
 a directory that is exported by the web server, and make some
 adjustments to give web clients some extra information they need:
 
@@ -1941,7 +1964,7 @@ $ mv hooks/post-update.sample hooks/post-update
 (For an explanation of the last two lines, see
 linkgit:git-update-server-info[1] and linkgit:githooks[5].)
 
-Advertise the URL of proj.git.  Anybody else should then be able to
+Advertise the URL of `proj.git`.  Anybody else should then be able to
 clone or pull from that URL, for example with a command line like:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -1949,9 +1972,9 @@ $ git clone http://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 (See also
-link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.txt[setup-git-server-over-http]
+link:howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html[setup-git-server-over-http]
 for a slightly more sophisticated setup using WebDAV which also
-allows pushing over http.)
+allows pushing over HTTP.)
 
 [[pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository]]
 Pushing changes to a public repository
@@ -1964,8 +1987,8 @@ access, which you will need to update the public repository with the
 latest changes created in your private repository.
 
 The simplest way to do this is using linkgit:git-push[1] and ssh; to
-update the remote branch named "master" with the latest state of your
-branch named "master", run
+update the remote branch named `master` with the latest state of your
+branch named `master`, run
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master:master
@@ -1981,31 +2004,37 @@ As with `git fetch`, `git push` will complain if this does not result in a
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>>; see the following section for details on
 handling this case.
 
-Note that the target of a "push" is normally a
+Note that the target of a `push` is normally a
 <<def_bare_repository,bare>> repository.  You can also push to a
-repository that has a checked-out working tree, but the working tree
-will not be updated by the push.  This may lead to unexpected results if
-the branch you push to is the currently checked-out branch!
+repository that has a checked-out working tree, but a push to update the
+currently checked-out branch is denied by default to prevent confusion.
+See the description of the receive.denyCurrentBranch option
+in linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 As with `git fetch`, you may also set up configuration options to
-save typing; so, for example, after
+save typing; so, for example:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git remote add public-repo ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+adds the following to `.git/config`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ cat >>.git/config <<EOF
 [remote "public-repo"]
-	url = ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git
-EOF
+	url = yourserver.com:proj.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-you should be able to perform the above push with just
+which lets you do the same push with just
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git push public-repo master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-See the explanations of the remote.<name>.url, branch.<name>.remote,
-and remote.<name>.push options in linkgit:git-config[1] for
-details.
+See the explanations of the `remote.<name>.url`,
+`branch.<name>.remote`, and `remote.<name>.push` options in
+linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
 
 [[forcing-push]]
 What to do when a push fails
@@ -2036,6 +2065,13 @@ branch name with a plus sign:
 $ git push ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git +master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
+Note the addition of the `+` sign.  Alternatively, you can use the
+`-f` flag to force the remote update, as in:
+
+-------------------------------------------------
+$ git push -f ssh://yourserver.com/~you/proj.git master
+-------------------------------------------------
+
 Normally whenever a branch head in a public repository is modified, it
 is modified to point to a descendant of the commit that it pointed to
 before.  By forcing a push in this situation, you break that convention.
@@ -2063,9 +2099,9 @@ all push to and pull from a single shared repository.  See
 linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7] for instructions on how to
 set this up.
 
-However, while there is nothing wrong with git's support for shared
+However, while there is nothing wrong with Git's support for shared
 repositories, this mode of operation is not generally recommended,
-simply because the mode of collaboration that git supports--by
+simply because the mode of collaboration that Git supports--by
 exchanging patches and pulling from public repositories--has so many
 advantages over the central shared repository:
 
@@ -2089,8 +2125,8 @@ Allowing web browsing of a repository
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The gitweb cgi script provides users an easy way to browse your
-project's files and history without having to install git; see the file
-gitweb/INSTALL in the git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
+project's files and history without having to install Git; see the file
+gitweb/INSTALL in the Git source tree for instructions on setting it up.
 
 [[sharing-development-examples]]
 Examples
@@ -2100,7 +2136,7 @@ Examples
 Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-This describes how Tony Luck uses git in his role as maintainer of the
+This describes how Tony Luck uses Git in his role as maintainer of the
 IA64 architecture for the Linux kernel.
 
 He uses two public branches:
@@ -2121,7 +2157,7 @@ To set this up, first create your work tree by cloning Linus's public
 tree:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git work
+$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git work
 $ cd work
 -------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -2133,7 +2169,7 @@ linkgit:git-fetch[1] to keep them up-to-date; see
 
 Now create the branches in which you are going to work; these start out
 at the current tip of origin/master branch, and should be set up (using
-the --track option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
+the `--track` option to linkgit:git-branch[1]) to merge changes in from
 Linus by default.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2150,9 +2186,9 @@ $ git checkout release && git pull
 
 Important note!  If you have any local changes in these branches, then
 this merge will create a commit object in the history (with no local
-changes git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
+changes Git will simply do a "fast-forward" merge).  Many people dislike
 the "noise" that this creates in the Linux history, so you should avoid
-doing this capriciously in the "release" branch, as these noisy commits
+doing this capriciously in the `release` branch, as these noisy commits
 will become part of the permanent history when you ask Linus to pull
 from the release branch.
 
@@ -2163,7 +2199,7 @@ make it easy to push both branches to your public tree.  (See
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ cat >> .git/config <<EOF
 [remote "mytree"]
-	url =  master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6.git
+	url =  master.kernel.org:/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux.git
 	push = release
 	push = test
 EOF
@@ -2194,7 +2230,7 @@ patches), and create a new branch from a recent stable tag of
 Linus's branch. Picking a stable base for your branch will:
 1) help you: by avoiding inclusion of unrelated and perhaps lightly
 tested changes
-2) help future bug hunters that use "git bisect" to find problems
+2) help future bug hunters that use `git bisect` to find problems
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b speed-up-spinlocks v2.6.35
@@ -2208,23 +2244,23 @@ commit to this branch.
 $ ... patch ... test  ... commit [ ... patch ... test ... commit ]*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-When you are happy with the state of this change, you can pull it into the
+When you are happy with the state of this change, you can merge it into the
 "test" branch in preparation to make it public:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout test && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
+$ git checkout test && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 It is unlikely that you would have any conflicts here ... but you might if you
 spent a while on this step and had also pulled new versions from upstream.
 
-Some time later when enough time has passed and testing done, you can pull the
-same branch into the "release" tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
+Sometime later when enough time has passed and testing done, you can pull the
+same branch into the `release` tree ready to go upstream.  This is where you
 see the value of keeping each patch (or patch series) in its own branch.  It
-means that the patches can be moved into the "release" tree in any order.
+means that the patches can be moved into the `release` tree in any order.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout release && git pull . speed-up-spinlocks
+$ git checkout release && git merge speed-up-spinlocks
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 After a while, you will have a number of branches, and despite the
@@ -2254,7 +2290,7 @@ If it has been merged, then there will be no output.)
 
 Once a patch completes the great cycle (moving from test to release,
 then pulled by Linus, and finally coming back into your local
-"origin/master" branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
+`origin/master` branch), the branch for this change is no longer needed.
 You detect this when the output from:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2269,27 +2305,23 @@ $ git branch -d branchname
 
 Some changes are so trivial that it is not necessary to create a separate
 branch and then merge into each of the test and release branches.  For
-these changes, just apply directly to the "release" branch, and then
-merge that into the "test" branch.
-
-To create diffstat and shortlog summaries of changes to include in a "please
-pull" request to Linus you can use:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --stat origin..release
--------------------------------------------------
+these changes, just apply directly to the `release` branch, and then
+merge that into the `test` branch.
 
-and
+After pushing your work to `mytree`, you can use
+linkgit:git-request-pull[1] to prepare a "please pull" request message
+to send to Linus:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p origin..release | git shortlog
+$ git push mytree
+$ git request-pull origin mytree release
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 Here are some of the scripts that simplify all this even further.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 ==== update script ====
-# Update a branch in my GIT tree.  If the branch to be updated
+# Update a branch in my Git tree.  If the branch to be updated
 # is origin, then pull from kernel.org.  Otherwise merge
 # origin/master branch into test|release branch
 
@@ -2307,7 +2339,7 @@ origin)
 	fi
 	;;
 *)
-	echo "Usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
+	echo "usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
 	exit 1
 	;;
 esac
@@ -2321,7 +2353,7 @@ pname=$0
 
 usage()
 {
-	echo "Usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
+	echo "usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
 	exit 1
 }
 
@@ -2347,7 +2379,7 @@ esac
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 ==== status script ====
-# report on status of my ia64 GIT tree
+# report on status of my ia64 Git tree
 
 gb=$(tput setab 2)
 rb=$(tput setab 1)
@@ -2403,7 +2435,7 @@ Rewriting history and maintaining patch series
 
 Normally commits are only added to a project, never taken away or
 replaced.  Git is designed with this assumption, and violating it will
-cause git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
+cause Git's merge machinery (for example) to do the wrong thing.
 
 However, there is a situation in which it can be useful to violate this
 assumption.
@@ -2445,8 +2477,8 @@ you are rewriting history.
 Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase
 --------------------------------------------------
 
-Suppose that you create a branch "mywork" on a remote-tracking branch
-"origin", and create some commits on top of it:
+Suppose that you create a branch `mywork` on a remote-tracking branch
+`origin`, and create some commits on top of it:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git checkout -b mywork origin
@@ -2458,7 +2490,7 @@ $ git commit
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 You have performed no merges into mywork, so it is just a simple linear
-sequence of patches on top of "origin":
+sequence of patches on top of `origin`:
 
 ................................................
  o--o--O <-- origin
@@ -2467,7 +2499,7 @@ sequence of patches on top of "origin":
 ................................................
 
 Some more interesting work has been done in the upstream project, and
-"origin" has advanced:
+`origin` has advanced:
 
 ................................................
  o--o--O--o--o--o <-- origin
@@ -2475,7 +2507,7 @@ Some more interesting work has been done in the upstream project, and
          a--b--c <-- mywork
 ................................................
 
-At this point, you could use "pull" to merge your changes back in;
+At this point, you could use `pull` to merge your changes back in;
 the result would create a new merge commit, like this:
 
 ................................................
@@ -2494,7 +2526,7 @@ $ git rebase origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 This will remove each of your commits from mywork, temporarily saving
-them as patches (in a directory named ".git/rebase-apply"), update mywork to
+them as patches (in a directory named `.git/rebase-apply`), update mywork to
 point at the latest version of origin, then apply each of the saved
 patches to the new mywork.  The result will look like:
 
@@ -2514,7 +2546,7 @@ running `git commit`, just run
 $ git rebase --continue
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
+and Git will continue applying the rest of the patches.
 
 At any point you may use the `--abort` option to abort this process and
 return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
@@ -2523,6 +2555,12 @@ return mywork to the state it had before you started the rebase:
 $ git rebase --abort
 -------------------------------------------------
 
+If you need to reorder or edit a number of commits in a branch, it may
+be easier to use `git rebase -i`, which allows you to reorder and
+squash commits, as well as marking them for individual editing during
+the rebase.  See <<interactive-rebase>> for details, and
+<<reordering-patch-series>> for alternatives.
+
 [[rewriting-one-commit]]
 Rewriting a single commit
 -------------------------
@@ -2536,72 +2574,89 @@ $ git commit --amend
 
 which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
 changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
+This is useful for fixing typos in your last commit, or for adjusting
+the patch contents of a poorly staged commit.
 
-You can also use a combination of this and linkgit:git-rebase[1] to
-replace a commit further back in your history and recreate the
-intervening changes on top of it.  First, tag the problematic commit
-with
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag bad mywork~5
--------------------------------------------------
+If you need to amend commits from deeper in your history, you can
+use <<interactive-rebase,interactive rebase's `edit` instruction>>.
 
-(Either gitk or `git log` may be useful for finding the commit.)
+[[reordering-patch-series]]
+Reordering or selecting from a patch series
+-------------------------------------------
 
-Then check out that commit, edit it, and rebase the rest of the series
-on top of it (note that we could check out the commit on a temporary
-branch, but instead we're using a <<detached-head,detached head>>):
+Sometimes you want to edit a commit deeper in your history.  One
+approach is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of patches
+and then reset the state to before the patches:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout bad
-$ # make changes here and update the index
-$ git commit --amend
-$ git rebase --onto HEAD bad mywork
+$ git format-patch origin
+$ git reset --hard origin
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-When you're done, you'll be left with mywork checked out, with the top
-patches on mywork reapplied on top of your modified commit.  You can
-then clean up with
+Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as needed before applying
+them again with linkgit:git-am[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag -d bad
+$ git am *.patch
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Note that the immutable nature of git history means that you haven't really
-"modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with
-new commits having new object names.
+[[interactive-rebase]]
+Using interactive rebases
+-------------------------
 
-[[reordering-patch-series]]
-Reordering or selecting from a patch series
--------------------------------------------
+You can also edit a patch series with an interactive rebase.  This is
+the same as <<reordering-patch-series,reordering a patch series using
+`format-patch`>>, so use whichever interface you like best.
 
-Given one existing commit, the linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1] command
-allows you to apply the change introduced by that commit and create a
-new commit that records it.  So, for example, if "mywork" points to a
-series of patches on top of "origin", you might do something like:
+Rebase your current HEAD on the last commit you want to retain as-is.
+For example, if you want to reorder the last 5 commits, use:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b mywork-new origin
-$ gitk origin..mywork &
+$ git rebase -i HEAD~5
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-and browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
-applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
-cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using `git commit --amend`.
-The linkgit:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
-individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
-right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
+This will open your editor with a list of steps to be taken to perform
+your rebase.
 
-Another technique is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of
-patches, then reset the state to before the patches:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git format-patch origin
-$ git reset --hard origin
 -------------------------------------------------
+pick deadbee The oneline of this commit
+pick fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
+...
 
-Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as preferred before applying
-them again with linkgit:git-am[1].
+# Rebase c0ffeee..deadbee onto c0ffeee
+#
+# Commands:
+#  p, pick = use commit
+#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+#
+# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+#
+# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+#
+# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+#
+# Note that empty commits are commented out
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+As explained in the comments, you can reorder commits, squash them
+together, edit commit messages, etc. by editing the list.  Once you
+are satisfied, save the list and close your editor, and the rebase
+will begin.
+
+The rebase will stop where `pick` has been replaced with `edit` or
+when a step in the list fails to mechanically resolve conflicts and
+needs your help.  When you are done editing and/or resolving conflicts
+you can continue with `git rebase --continue`.  If you decide that
+things are getting too hairy, you can always bail out with `git rebase
+--abort`.  Even after the rebase is complete, you can still recover
+the original branch by using the <<reflogs,reflog>>.
+
+For a more detailed discussion of the procedure and additional tips,
+see the "INTERACTIVE MODE" section of linkgit:git-rebase[1].
 
 [[patch-series-tools]]
 Other tools
@@ -2648,7 +2703,7 @@ Git has no way of knowing that the new head is an updated version of
 the old head; it treats this situation exactly the same as it would if
 two developers had independently done the work on the old and new heads
 in parallel.  At this point, if someone attempts to merge the new head
-in to their branch, git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
+in to their branch, Git will attempt to merge together the two (old and
 new) lines of development, instead of trying to replace the old by the
 new.  The results are likely to be unexpected.
 
@@ -2721,7 +2776,7 @@ linear history:
 Bisecting between Z and D* would hit a single culprit commit Y*,
 and understanding why Y* was broken would probably be easier.
 
-Partly for this reason, many experienced git users, even when
+Partly for this reason, many experienced Git users, even when
 working on an otherwise merge-heavy project, keep the history
 linear by rebasing against the latest upstream version before
 publishing.
@@ -2742,10 +2797,10 @@ arbitrary name:
 $ git fetch origin todo:my-todo-work
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-The first argument, "origin", just tells git to fetch from the
-repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells git
-to fetch the branch named "todo" from the remote repository, and to
-store it locally under the name refs/heads/my-todo-work.
+The first argument, `origin`, just tells Git to fetch from the
+repository you originally cloned from.  The second argument tells Git
+to fetch the branch named `todo` from the remote repository, and to
+store it locally under the name `refs/heads/my-todo-work`.
 
 You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so
 
@@ -2753,8 +2808,8 @@ You can also fetch branches from other repositories; so
 $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:example-master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-will create a new branch named "example-master" and store in it the
-branch named "master" from the repository at the given URL.  If you
+will create a new branch named `example-master` and store in it the
+branch named `master` from the repository at the given URL.  If you
 already have a branch named example-master, it will attempt to
 <<fast-forwards,fast-forward>> to the commit given by example.com's
 master branch.  In more detail:
@@ -2763,7 +2818,7 @@ master branch.  In more detail:
 git fetch and fast-forwards
 ---------------------------
 
-In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, "git fetch"
+In the previous example, when updating an existing branch, `git fetch`
 checks to make sure that the most recent commit on the remote
 branch is a descendant of the most recent commit on your copy of the
 branch before updating your copy of the branch to point at the new
@@ -2789,11 +2844,11 @@ resulting in a situation like:
             o--o--o <-- new head of the branch
 ................................................
 
-In this case, "git fetch" will fail, and print out a warning.
+In this case, `git fetch` will fail, and print out a warning.
 
-In that case, you can still force git to update to the new head, as
+In that case, you can still force Git to update to the new head, as
 described in the following section.  However, note that in the
-situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled "a" and "b",
+situation above this may mean losing the commits labeled `a` and `b`,
 unless you've already created a reference of your own pointing to
 them.
 
@@ -2808,7 +2863,7 @@ descendant of the old head, you may force the update with:
 $ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +master:refs/remotes/example/master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Note the addition of the "+" sign.  Alternatively, you can use the "-f"
+Note the addition of the `+` sign.  Alternatively, you can use the `-f`
 flag to force updates of all the fetched branches, as in:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2822,9 +2877,9 @@ may be lost, as we saw in the previous section.
 Configuring remote-tracking branches
 ------------------------------------
 
-We saw above that "origin" is just a shortcut to refer to the
+We saw above that `origin` is just a shortcut to refer to the
 repository that you originally cloned from.  This information is
-stored in git configuration variables, which you can see using
+stored in Git configuration variables, which you can see using
 linkgit:git-config[1]:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -2840,48 +2895,34 @@ branch.master.merge=refs/heads/master
 
 If there are other repositories that you also use frequently, you can
 create similar configuration options to save typing; for example,
-after
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.url git://example.com/proj.git
+$ git remote add example git://example.com/proj.git
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-then the following two commands will do the same thing:
+adds the following to `.git/config`:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
-$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+[remote "example"]
+	url = git://example.com/proj.git
+	fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-Even better, if you add one more option:
+Also note that the above configuration can be performed by directly
+editing the file `.git/config` instead of using linkgit:git-remote[1].
 
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.fetch master:refs/remotes/example/master
--------------------------------------------------
-
-then the following commands will all do the same thing:
+After configuring the remote, the following three commands will do the
+same thing:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git master:refs/remotes/example/master
-$ git fetch example master:refs/remotes/example/master
+$ git fetch git://example.com/proj.git +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
+$ git fetch example +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/example/*
 $ git fetch example
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-You can also add a "+" to force the update each time:
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git config remote.example.fetch +master:ref/remotes/example/master
--------------------------------------------------
-
-Don't do this unless you're sure you won't mind "git fetch" possibly
-throwing away commits on 'example/master'.
-
-Also note that all of the above configuration can be performed by
-directly editing the file .git/config instead of using
-linkgit:git-config[1].
-
 See linkgit:git-config[1] for more details on the configuration
-options mentioned above.
+options mentioned above and linkgit:git-fetch[1] for more details on
+the refspec syntax.
 
 
 [[git-concepts]]
@@ -2890,7 +2931,7 @@ Git concepts
 
 Git is built on a small number of simple but powerful ideas.  While it
 is possible to get things done without understanding them, you will find
-git much more intuitive if you do.
+Git much more intuitive if you do.
 
 We start with the most important, the  <<def_object_database,object
 database>> and the <<def_index,index>>.
@@ -2945,7 +2986,7 @@ Commit Object
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 The "commit" object links a physical state of a tree with a description
-of how we got there and why.  Use the --pretty=raw option to
+of how we got there and why.  Use the `--pretty=raw` option to
 linkgit:git-show[1] or linkgit:git-log[1] to examine your favorite
 commit:
 
@@ -2966,7 +3007,7 @@ As you can see, a commit is defined by:
 
 - a tree: The SHA-1 name of a tree object (as defined below), representing
   the contents of a directory at a certain point in time.
-- parent(s): The SHA-1 name of some number of commits which represent the
+- parent(s): The SHA-1 name(s) of some number of commits which represent the
   immediately previous step(s) in the history of the project.  The
   example above has one parent; merge commits may have more than
   one.  A commit with no parents is called a "root" commit, and
@@ -2984,10 +3025,10 @@ As you can see, a commit is defined by:
 Note that a commit does not itself contain any information about what
 actually changed; all changes are calculated by comparing the contents
 of the tree referred to by this commit with the trees associated with
-its parents.  In particular, git does not attempt to record file renames
+its parents.  In particular, Git does not attempt to record file renames
 explicitly, though it can identify cases where the existence of the same
 file data at changing paths suggests a rename.  (See, for example, the
--M option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
+`-M` option to linkgit:git-diff[1]).
 
 A commit is usually created by linkgit:git-commit[1], which creates a
 commit whose parent is normally the current HEAD, and whose tree is
@@ -3023,14 +3064,14 @@ another tree, representing the contents of a subdirectory.  Since trees
 and blobs, like all other objects, are named by the SHA-1 hash of their
 contents, two trees have the same SHA-1 name if and only if their
 contents (including, recursively, the contents of all subdirectories)
-are identical.  This allows git to quickly determine the differences
+are identical.  This allows Git to quickly determine the differences
 between two related tree objects, since it can ignore any entries with
 identical object names.
 
 (Note: in the presence of submodules, trees may also have commits as
 entries.  See <<submodules>> for documentation.)
 
-Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: git actually only pays
+Note that the files all have mode 644 or 755: Git actually only pays
 attention to the executable bit.
 
 [[blob-object]]
@@ -3038,7 +3079,7 @@ Blob Object
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 You can use linkgit:git-show[1] to examine the contents of a blob; take,
-for example, the blob in the entry for "COPYING" from the tree above:
+for example, the blob in the entry for `COPYING` from the tree above:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git show 6ff87c4664
@@ -3091,7 +3132,7 @@ sending out a single email that tells the people the name (SHA-1 hash)
 of the top commit, and digitally sign that email using something
 like GPG/PGP.
 
-To assist in this, git also provides the tag object...
+To assist in this, Git also provides the tag object...
 
 [[tag-object]]
 Tag Object
@@ -3121,14 +3162,14 @@ nLE/L9aUXdWeTFPron96DLA=
 See the linkgit:git-tag[1] command to learn how to create and verify tag
 objects.  (Note that linkgit:git-tag[1] can also be used to create
 "lightweight tags", which are not tag objects at all, but just simple
-references whose names begin with "refs/tags/").
+references whose names begin with `refs/tags/`).
 
 [[pack-files]]
-How git stores objects efficiently: pack files
+How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 Newly created objects are initially created in a file named after the
-object's SHA-1 hash (stored in .git/objects).
+object's SHA-1 hash (stored in `.git/objects`).
 
 Unfortunately this system becomes inefficient once a project has a
 lot of objects.  Try this on an old project:
@@ -3142,26 +3183,24 @@ The first number is the number of objects which are kept in
 individual files.  The second is the amount of space taken up by
 those "loose" objects.
 
-You can save space and make git faster by moving these loose objects in
+You can save space and make Git faster by moving these loose objects in
 to a "pack file", which stores a group of objects in an efficient
 compressed format; the details of how pack files are formatted can be
-found in link:technical/pack-format.txt[technical/pack-format.txt].
+found in link:technical/pack-format.html[pack format].
 
 To put the loose objects into a pack, just run git repack:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git repack
-Generating pack...
-Done counting 6020 objects.
-Deltifying 6020 objects.
- 100% (6020/6020) done
-Writing 6020 objects.
- 100% (6020/6020) done
-Total 6020, written 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0)
-Pack pack-3e54ad29d5b2e05838c75df582c65257b8d08e1c created.
+Counting objects: 6020, done.
+Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
+Compressing objects: 100% (6020/6020), done.
+Writing objects: 100% (6020/6020), done.
+Total 6020 (delta 4070), reused 0 (delta 0)
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-You can then run
+This creates a single "pack file" in .git/objects/pack/
+containing all currently unpacked objects.  You can then run
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git prune
@@ -3169,9 +3208,9 @@ $ git prune
 
 to remove any of the "loose" objects that are now contained in the
 pack.  This will also remove any unreferenced objects (which may be
-created when, for example, you use "git reset" to remove a commit).
+created when, for example, you use `git reset` to remove a commit).
 You can verify that the loose objects are gone by looking at the
-.git/objects directory or by running
+`.git/objects` directory or by running
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git count-objects
@@ -3198,7 +3237,7 @@ branch still exists, as does everything it pointed to. The branch
 pointer itself just doesn't, since you replaced it with another one.
 
 There are also other situations that cause dangling objects. For
-example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a "git add" of a
+example, a "dangling blob" may arise because you did a `git add` of a
 file, but then, before you actually committed it and made it part of the
 bigger picture, you changed something else in that file and committed
 that *updated* thing--the old state that you added originally ends up
@@ -3241,14 +3280,14 @@ $ git show <dangling-blob/tree-sha-goes-here>
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 to show what the contents of the blob were (or, for a tree, basically
-what the "ls" for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
+what the `ls` for that directory was), and that may give you some idea
 of what the operation was that left that dangling object.
 
 Usually, dangling blobs and trees aren't very interesting. They're
 almost always the result of either being a half-way mergebase (the blob
 will often even have the conflict markers from a merge in it, if you
 have had conflicting merges that you fixed up by hand), or simply
-because you interrupted a "git fetch" with ^C or something like that,
+because you interrupted a `git fetch` with ^C or something like that,
 leaving _some_ of the new objects in the object database, but just
 dangling and useless.
 
@@ -3259,28 +3298,22 @@ state, you can just prune all unreachable objects:
 $ git prune
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-and they'll be gone. But you should only run "git prune" on a quiescent
+and they'll be gone. (You should only run `git prune` on a quiescent
 repository--it's kind of like doing a filesystem fsck recovery: you
 don't want to do that while the filesystem is mounted.
-
-(The same is true of "git fsck" itself, btw, but since
-`git fsck` never actually *changes* the repository, it just reports
-on what it found, `git fsck` itself is never 'dangerous' to run.
-Running it while somebody is actually changing the repository can cause
-confusing and scary messages, but it won't actually do anything bad. In
-contrast, running "git prune" while somebody is actively changing the
-repository is a *BAD* idea).
+`git prune` is designed not to cause any harm in such cases of concurrent
+accesses to a repository but you might receive confusing or scary messages.)
 
 [[recovering-from-repository-corruption]]
 Recovering from repository corruption
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-By design, git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
-the absence of bugs in git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
+By design, Git treats data trusted to it with caution.  However, even in
+the absence of bugs in Git itself, it is still possible that hardware or
 operating system errors could corrupt data.
 
 The first defense against such problems is backups.  You can back up a
-git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
+Git directory using clone, or just using cp, tar, or any other backup
 mechanism.
 
 As a last resort, you can search for the corrupted objects and attempt
@@ -3306,7 +3339,7 @@ missing blob 4b9458b3786228369c63936db65827de3cc06200
 Now you know that blob 4b9458b3 is missing, and that the tree 2d9263c6
 points to it.  If you could find just one copy of that missing blob
 object, possibly in some other repository, you could move it into
-.git/objects/4b/9458b3... and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
+`.git/objects/4b/9458b3...` and be done.  Suppose you can't.  You can
 still examine the tree that pointed to it with linkgit:git-ls-tree[1],
 which might output something like:
 
@@ -3321,10 +3354,10 @@ $ git ls-tree 2d9263c6d23595e7cb2a21e5ebbb53655278dff8
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 So now you know that the missing blob was the data for a file named
-"myfile".  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
-say it's in "somedirectory".  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
+`myfile`.  And chances are you can also identify the directory--let's
+say it's in `somedirectory`.  If you're lucky the missing copy might be
 the same as the copy you have checked out in your working tree at
-"somedirectory/myfile"; you can test whether that's right with
+`somedirectory/myfile`; you can test whether that's right with
 linkgit:git-hash-object[1]:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -3363,8 +3396,8 @@ Date:
 :100644 100644 oldsha... 4b9458b... M somedirectory/myfile
 ------------------------------------------------
 
-This tells you that the immediately preceding version of the file was
-"newsha", and that the immediately following version was "oldsha".
+This tells you that the immediately following version of the file was
+"newsha", and that the immediately preceding version was "oldsha".
 You also know the commit messages that went with the change from oldsha
 to 4b9458b and with the change from 4b9458b to newsha.
 
@@ -3379,21 +3412,21 @@ $ git hash-object -w <recreated-file>
 
 and your repository is good again!
 
-(Btw, you could have ignored the fsck, and started with doing a
+(Btw, you could have ignored the `fsck`, and started with doing a
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ git log --raw --all
 ------------------------------------------------
 
 and just looked for the sha of the missing object (4b9458b..) in that
-whole thing. It's up to you - git does *have* a lot of information, it is
+whole thing. It's up to you--Git does *have* a lot of information, it is
 just missing one particular blob version.
 
 [[the-index]]
 The index
 -----------
 
-The index is a binary file (generally kept in .git/index) containing a
+The index is a binary file (generally kept in `.git/index`) containing a
 sorted list of path names, each with permissions and the SHA-1 of a blob
 object; linkgit:git-ls-files[1] can show you the contents of the index:
 
@@ -3428,7 +3461,7 @@ It does this by storing some additional data for each entry (such as
 the last modified time).  This data is not displayed above, and is not
 stored in the created tree object, but it can be used to determine
 quickly which files in the working directory differ from what was
-stored in the index, and thus save git from having to read all of the
+stored in the index, and thus save Git from having to read all of the
 data from such files to look for changes.
 
 3. It can efficiently represent information about merge conflicts
@@ -3492,7 +3525,7 @@ with Git 1.5.2 can look up the submodule commits in the repository and
 manually check them out; earlier versions won't recognize the submodules at
 all.
 
-To see how submodule support works, create (for example) four example
+To see how submodule support works, create four example
 repositories that can be used later as a submodule:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -3533,7 +3566,7 @@ $ ls -a
 
 The `git submodule add <repo> <path>` command does a couple of things:
 
-- It clones the submodule from <repo> to the given <path> under the
+- It clones the submodule from `<repo>` to the given `<path>` under the
   current directory and by default checks out the master branch.
 - It adds the submodule's clone path to the linkgit:gitmodules[5] file and
   adds this file to the index, ready to be committed.
@@ -3594,7 +3627,7 @@ working on a branch.
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git branch
-* (no branch)
+* (detached from d266b98)
   master
 -------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -3659,13 +3692,13 @@ Did you forget to 'git add'?
 Unable to checkout '261dfac35cb99d380eb966e102c1197139f7fa24' in submodule path 'a'
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-In older git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
+In older Git versions it could be easily forgotten to commit new or modified
 files in a submodule, which silently leads to similar problems as not pushing
-the submodule changes. Starting with git 1.7.0 both "git status" and "git diff"
+the submodule changes. Starting with Git 1.7.0 both `git status` and `git diff`
 in the superproject show submodules as modified when they contain new or
-modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. "git
-diff" will also add a "-dirty" to the work tree side when generating patch
-output or used with the --submodule option:
+modified files to protect against accidentally committing such a state. `git
+diff` will also add a `-dirty` to the work tree side when generating patch
+output or used with the `--submodule` option:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git diff
@@ -3701,15 +3734,17 @@ module a
 
 NOTE: The changes are still visible in the submodule's reflog.
 
-This is not the case if you did not commit your changes.
+If you have uncommitted changes in your submodule working tree, `git
+submodule update` will not overwrite them.  Instead, you get the usual
+warning about not being able switch from a dirty branch.
 
 [[low-level-operations]]
-Low-level git operations
+Low-level Git operations
 ========================
 
 Many of the higher-level commands were originally implemented as shell
-scripts using a smaller core of low-level git commands.  These can still
-be useful when doing unusual things with git, or just as a way to
+scripts using a smaller core of low-level Git commands.  These can still
+be useful when doing unusual things with Git, or just as a way to
 understand its inner workings.
 
 [[object-manipulation]]
@@ -3740,7 +3775,7 @@ between the working tree, the index, and the object database.  Git
 provides low-level operations which perform each of these steps
 individually.
 
-Generally, all "git" operations work on the index file. Some operations
+Generally, all Git operations work on the index file. Some operations
 work *purely* on the index file (showing the current state of the
 index), but most operations move data between the index file and either
 the database or the working directory. Thus there are four main
@@ -3759,11 +3794,11 @@ like so:
 $ git update-index filename
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc, the command
+but to avoid common mistakes with filename globbing etc., the command
 will not normally add totally new entries or remove old entries,
 i.e. it will normally just update existing cache entries.
 
-To tell git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
+To tell Git that yes, you really do realize that certain files no
 longer exist, or that new files should be added, you
 should use the `--remove` and `--add` flags respectively.
 
@@ -3839,7 +3874,7 @@ or, if you want to check out all of the index, use `-a`.
 
 NOTE! `git checkout-index` normally refuses to overwrite old files, so
 if you have an old version of the tree already checked out, you will
-need to use the "-f" flag ('before' the "-a" flag or the filename) to
+need to use the `-f` flag ('before' the `-a` flag or the filename) to
 'force' the checkout.
 
 
@@ -3850,7 +3885,7 @@ from one representation to the other:
 Tying it all together
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-To commit a tree you have instantiated with "git write-tree", you'd
+To commit a tree you have instantiated with `git write-tree`, you'd
 create a "commit" object that refers to that tree and the history
 behind it--most notably the "parent" commits that preceded it in
 history.
@@ -3862,7 +3897,7 @@ fact that such a commit brings together ("merges") two or more
 previous states represented by other commits.
 
 In other words, while a "tree" represents a particular directory state
-of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in "time",
+of a working directory, a "commit" represents that state in time,
 and explains how we got there.
 
 You create a commit object by giving it the tree that describes the
@@ -3877,13 +3912,12 @@ redirection from a pipe or file, or by just typing it at the tty).
 
 `git commit-tree` will return the name of the object that represents
 that commit, and you should save it away for later use. Normally,
-you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while git doesn't care where you
+you'd commit a new `HEAD` state, and while Git doesn't care where you
 save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the
 result to the file pointed at by `.git/HEAD`, so that we can always see
 what the last committed state was.
 
-Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how
-various pieces fit together.
+Here is a picture that illustrates how various pieces fit together:
 
 ------------
 
@@ -3962,27 +3996,26 @@ to see what the top commit was.
 Merging multiple trees
 ----------------------
 
-Git helps you do a three-way merge, which you can expand to n-way by
-repeating the merge procedure arbitrary times until you finally
-"commit" the state.  The normal situation is that you'd only do one
-three-way merge (two parents), and commit it, but if you like to, you
-can do multiple parents in one go.
+Git can help you perform a three-way merge, which can in turn be
+used for a many-way merge by repeating the merge procedure several
+times.  The usual situation is that you only do one three-way merge
+(reconciling two lines of history) and commit the result, but if
+you like to, you can merge several branches in one go.
 
-To do a three-way merge, you need the two sets of "commit" objects
-that you want to merge, use those to find the closest common parent (a
-third "commit" object), and then use those commit objects to find the
-state of the directory ("tree" object) at these points.
+To perform a three-way merge, you start with the two commits you
+want to merge, find their closest common parent (a third commit),
+and compare the trees corresponding to these three commits.
 
-To get the "base" for the merge, you first look up the common parent
-of two commits with
+To get the "base" for the merge, look up the common parent of two
+commits:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git merge-base <commit1> <commit2>
 -------------------------------------------------
 
-which will return you the commit they are both based on.  You should
-now look up the "tree" objects of those commits, which you can easily
-do with (for example)
+This prints the name of a commit they are both based on. You should
+now look up the tree objects of those commits, which you can easily
+do with
 
 -------------------------------------------------
 $ git cat-file commit <commitname> | head -1
@@ -4034,19 +4067,19 @@ $ git ls-files --unmerged
 
 Each line of the `git ls-files --unmerged` output begins with
 the blob mode bits, blob SHA-1, 'stage number', and the
-filename.  The 'stage number' is git's way to say which tree it
-came from: stage 1 corresponds to `$orig` tree, stage 2 `HEAD`
-tree, and stage3 `$target` tree.
+filename.  The 'stage number' is Git's way to say which tree it
+came from: stage 1 corresponds to the `$orig` tree, stage 2 to
+the `HEAD` tree, and stage 3 to the `$target` tree.
 
 Earlier we said that trivial merges are done inside
 `git read-tree -m`.  For example, if the file did not change
-from `$orig` to `HEAD` nor `$target`, or if the file changed
+from `$orig` to `HEAD` or `$target`, or if the file changed
 from `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` the same way,
 obviously the final outcome is what is in `HEAD`.  What the
 above example shows is that file `hello.c` was changed from
 `$orig` to `HEAD` and `$orig` to `$target` in a different way.
 You could resolve this by running your favorite 3-way merge
-program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or git's own merge-file, on
+program, e.g.  `diff3`, `merge`, or Git's own merge-file, on
 the blob objects from these three stages yourself, like this:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
@@ -4058,7 +4091,7 @@ $ git merge-file hello.c~2 hello.c~1 hello.c~3
 
 This would leave the merge result in `hello.c~2` file, along
 with conflict markers if there are conflicts.  After verifying
-the merge result makes sense, you can tell git what the final
+the merge result makes sense, you can tell Git what the final
 merge result for this file is by:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
@@ -4067,11 +4100,11 @@ $ git update-index hello.c
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 When a path is in the "unmerged" state, running `git update-index` for
-that path tells git to mark the path resolved.
+that path tells Git to mark the path resolved.
 
-The above is the description of a git merge at the lowest level,
+The above is the description of a Git merge at the lowest level,
 to help you understand what conceptually happens under the hood.
-In practice, nobody, not even git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
+In practice, nobody, not even Git itself, runs `git cat-file` three times
 for this.  There is a `git merge-index` program that extracts the
 stages to temporary files and calls a "merge" script on it:
 
@@ -4082,11 +4115,11 @@ $ git merge-index git-merge-one-file hello.c
 and that is what higher level `git merge -s resolve` is implemented with.
 
 [[hacking-git]]
-Hacking git
+Hacking Git
 ===========
 
-This chapter covers internal details of the git implementation which
-probably only git developers need to understand.
+This chapter covers internal details of the Git implementation which
+probably only Git developers need to understand.
 
 [[object-details]]
 Object storage format
@@ -4104,15 +4137,14 @@ about the data in the object.  It's worth noting that the SHA-1 hash
 that is used to name the object is the hash of the original data
 plus this header, so `sha1sum` 'file' does not match the object name
 for 'file'.
-(Historical note: in the dawn of the age of git the hash
-was the SHA-1 of the 'compressed' object.)
 
 As a result, the general consistency of an object can always be tested
 independently of the contents or the type of the object: all objects can
 be validated by verifying that (a) their hashes match the content of the
 file and (b) the object successfully inflates to a stream of bytes that
-forms a sequence of <ascii type without space> {plus} <space> {plus} <ascii decimal
-size> {plus} <byte\0> {plus} <binary object data>.
+forms a sequence of
+`<ascii type without space> + <space> + <ascii decimal size> +
+<byte\0> + <binary object data>`.
 
 The structured objects can further have their structure and
 connectivity to other objects verified. This is generally done with
@@ -4134,7 +4166,7 @@ A good place to start is with the contents of the initial commit, with:
 $ git checkout e83c5163
 ----------------------------------------------------
 
-The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything git has
+The initial revision lays the foundation for almost everything Git has
 today, but is small enough to read in one sitting.
 
 Note that terminology has changed since that revision.  For example, the
@@ -4198,30 +4230,31 @@ Most of what `git rev-list` did is contained in `revision.c` and
 controls how and what revisions are walked, and more.
 
 The original job of `git rev-parse` is now taken by the function
-`setup_revisions()`, which parses the revisions and the common command line
+`setup_revisions()`, which parses the revisions and the common command-line
 options for the revision walker. This information is stored in the struct
-`rev_info` for later consumption. You can do your own command line option
+`rev_info` for later consumption. You can do your own command-line option
 parsing after calling `setup_revisions()`. After that, you have to call
 `prepare_revision_walk()` for initialization, and then you can get the
 commits one by one with the function `get_revision()`.
 
 If you are interested in more details of the revision walking process,
 just have a look at the first implementation of `cmd_log()`; call
-`git show v1.3.0{tilde}155^2{tilde}4` and scroll down to that function (note that you
+`git show v1.3.0~155^2~4` and scroll down to that function (note that you
 no longer need to call `setup_pager()` directly).
 
 Nowadays, `git log` is a builtin, which means that it is _contained_ in the
 command `git`.  The source side of a builtin is
 
-- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin-<bla>.c`,
-  and declared in `builtin.h`,
+- a function called `cmd_<bla>`, typically defined in `builtin/<bla.c>`
+  (note that older versions of Git used to have it in `builtin-<bla>.c`
+  instead), and declared in `builtin.h`.
 
 - an entry in the `commands[]` array in `git.c`, and
 
 - an entry in `BUILTIN_OBJECTS` in the `Makefile`.
 
 Sometimes, more than one builtin is contained in one source file.  For
-example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin-log.c`,
+example, `cmd_whatchanged()` and `cmd_log()` both reside in `builtin/log.c`,
 since they share quite a bit of code.  In that case, the commands which are
 _not_ named like the `.c` file in which they live have to be listed in
 `BUILT_INS` in the `Makefile`.
@@ -4244,10 +4277,10 @@ For the sake of clarity, let's stay with `git cat-file`, because it
 - is plumbing, and
 
 - was around even in the initial commit (it literally went only through
-  some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin-cat-file.c`
+  some 20 revisions as `cat-file.c`, was renamed to `builtin/cat-file.c`
   when made a builtin, and then saw less than 10 versions).
 
-So, look into `builtin-cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what
+So, look into `builtin/cat-file.c`, search for `cmd_cat_file()` and look what
 it does.
 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -4270,9 +4303,9 @@ Two things are interesting here:
   negative numbers in case of different errors--and 0 on success.
 
 - the variable `sha1` in the function signature of `get_sha1()` is `unsigned
-  char {asterisk}`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned
+  char *`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned
   char[20]`.  This variable will contain the 160-bit SHA-1 of the given
-  commit.  Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char {asterisk}`, it
+  commit.  Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char *`, it
   is the binary representation, as opposed to the ASCII representation in
   hex characters, which is passed as `char *`.
 
@@ -4288,7 +4321,7 @@ Now, for the meat:
 This is how you read a blob (actually, not only a blob, but any type of
 object).  To know how the function `read_object_with_reference()` actually
 works, find the source code for it (something like `git grep
-read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the git repository), and read
+read_object_with | grep ":[a-z]"` in the Git repository), and read
 the source.
 
 To find out how the result can be used, just read on in `cmd_cat_file()`:
@@ -4323,7 +4356,7 @@ Another example: Find out what to do in order to make some script a
 builtin:
 
 -------------------------------------------------
-$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin-*.c
+$ git log --no-merges --diff-filter=A builtin/*.c
 -------------------------------------------------
 
 You see, Git is actually the best tool to find out about the source of Git
@@ -4469,7 +4502,7 @@ $ git bisect bad		# if this revision is bad.
 Making changes
 --------------
 
-Make sure git knows who to blame:
+Make sure Git knows who to blame:
 
 ------------------------------------------------
 $ cat >>~/.gitconfig <<\EOF
@@ -4519,7 +4552,7 @@ $ git format-patch origin..HEAD # format a patch for each commit
 $ git am mbox # import patches from the mailbox "mbox"
 -----------------------------------------------
 
-Fetch a branch in a different git repository, then merge into the
+Fetch a branch in a different Git repository, then merge into the
 current branch:
 
 -----------------------------------------------
@@ -4580,7 +4613,7 @@ The basic requirements:
 
 - It must be readable in order, from beginning to end, by someone
   intelligent with a basic grasp of the UNIX command line, but without
-  any special knowledge of git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
+  any special knowledge of Git.  If necessary, any other prerequisites
   should be specifically mentioned as they arise.
 - Whenever possible, section headings should clearly describe the task
   they explain how to do, in language that requires no more knowledge
@@ -4591,10 +4624,10 @@ Think about how to create a clear chapter dependency graph that will
 allow people to get to important topics without necessarily reading
 everything in between.
 
-Scan Documentation/ for other stuff left out; in particular:
+Scan `Documentation/` for other stuff left out; in particular:
 
 - howto's
-- some of technical/?
+- some of `technical/`?
 - hooks
 - list of commands in linkgit:git[1]
 
@@ -4625,5 +4658,5 @@ Write a chapter on using plumbing and writing scripts.
 Alternates, clone -reference, etc.
 
 More on recovery from repository corruption.  See:
-	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
-	http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2
+	http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117263864820799&w=2
+	http://marc.info/?l=git&m=117147855503798&w=2
diff --git a/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index c25fd2a374..40f8841678 100755
--- a/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=v1.7.9.GIT
+DEF_VER=v2.4.0-rc1
 
 LF='
 '
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ LF='
 if test -f version
 then
 	VN=$(cat version) || VN="$DEF_VER"
-elif test -d .git -o -f .git &&
-	VN=$(git describe --match "v[0-9]*" --abbrev=4 HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
+elif test -d ${GIT_DIR:-.git} -o -f .git &&
+	VN=$(git describe --match "v[0-9]*" --abbrev=7 HEAD 2>/dev/null) &&
 	case "$VN" in
 	*$LF*) (exit 1) ;;
 	v[0-9]*)
diff --git a/INSTALL b/INSTALL
index 58b2b86ccf..ffb071e9f0 100644
--- a/INSTALL
+++ b/INSTALL
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ set up install paths (via config.mak.autogen), so you can write instead
 If you're willing to trade off (much) longer build time for a later
 faster git you can also do a profile feedback build with
 
-	$ make prefix=/usr PROFILE=BUILD all
+	$ make prefix=/usr profile
 	# make prefix=/usr PROFILE=BUILD install
 
 This will run the complete test suite as training workload and then
@@ -36,10 +36,20 @@ rebuild git with the generated profile feedback. This results in a git
 which is a few percent faster on CPU intensive workloads.  This
 may be a good tradeoff for distribution packagers.
 
+Alternatively you can run profile feedback only with the git benchmark
+suite. This runs significantly faster than the full test suite, but
+has less coverage:
+
+	$ make prefix=/usr profile-fast
+	# make prefix=/usr PROFILE=BUILD install
+
 Or if you just want to install a profile-optimized version of git into
 your home directory, you could run:
 
-	$ make PROFILE=BUILD install
+	$ make profile-install
+
+or
+	$ make profile-fast-install
 
 As a caveat: a profile-optimized build takes a *lot* longer since the
 git tree must be built twice, and in order for the profiling
@@ -98,18 +108,21 @@ Issues of note:
 	  so you might need to install additional packages other than Perl
 	  itself, e.g. Time::HiRes.
 
-	- "openssl" library is used by git-imap-send to use IMAP over SSL.
-	  If you don't need it, use NO_OPENSSL.
+	- git-imap-send needs the OpenSSL library to talk IMAP over SSL if
+	  you are using libcurl older than 7.34.0.  Otherwise you can use
+	  NO_OPENSSL without losing git-imap-send.
 
-	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use it's own
+	  By default, git uses OpenSSL for SHA1 but it will use its own
 	  library (inspired by Mozilla's) with either NO_OPENSSL or
 	  BLK_SHA1.  Also included is a version optimized for PowerPC
 	  (PPC_SHA1).
 
-	- "libcurl" library is used by git-http-fetch and git-fetch.  You
-	  might also want the "curl" executable for debugging purposes.
-	  If you do not use http:// or https:// repositories, you do not
-	  have to have them (use NO_CURL).
+	- "libcurl" library is used by git-http-fetch, git-fetch, and, if
+	  the curl version >= 7.34.0, for git-imap-send.  You might also
+	  want the "curl" executable for debugging purposes. If you do not
+	  use http:// or https:// repositories, and do not want to put
+	  patches into an IMAP mailbox, you do not have to have them
+	  (use NO_CURL).
 
 	- "expat" library; git-http-push uses it for remote lock
 	  management over DAV.  Similar to "curl" above, this is optional
@@ -131,6 +144,10 @@ Issues of note:
 	  use English. Under autoconf the configure script will do this
 	  automatically if it can't find libintl on the system.
 
+	- Python version 2.4 or later (but not 3.x, which is not
+	  supported by Perforce) is needed to use the git-p4 interface
+	  to Perforce.
+
  - Some platform specific issues are dealt with Makefile rules,
    but depending on your specific installation, you may not
    have all the libraries/tools needed, or you may have
@@ -158,11 +175,9 @@ Issues of note:
    makeinfo and docbook2X.  Version 0.8.3 is known to work.
 
    Building and installing the pdf file additionally requires
-   dblatex.  Version 0.2.7 with asciidoc >= 8.2.7 is known to work.
+   dblatex.  Version >= 0.2.7 is known to work.
 
-   The documentation is written for AsciiDoc 7, but by default
-   uses some compatibility wrappers to work on AsciiDoc 8. If you have
-   AsciiDoc 7, try "make ASCIIDOC7=YesPlease".
+   All formats require at least asciidoc 8.4.1.
 
    There are also "make quick-install-doc", "make quick-install-man"
    and "make quick-install-html" which install preformatted man pages
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index be1957a5e9..5f3987fe3b 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ all::
 # Define INLINE to a suitable substitute (such as '__inline' or '') if git
 # fails to compile with errors about undefined inline functions or similar.
 #
-# Define SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS if your are on a system which snprintf()
+# Define SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS if you are on a system which snprintf()
 # or vsnprintf() return -1 instead of number of characters which would
 # have been written to the final string if enough space had been available.
 #
-# Define FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES if your are on a system which succeeds
+# Define FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES if you are on a system which succeeds
 # when attempting to read from an fopen'ed directory.
 #
 # Define NO_OPENSSL environment variable if you do not have OpenSSL.
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ all::
 # Define LIBPCREDIR=/foo/bar if your libpcre header and library files are in
 # /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
 #
+# Define HAVE_ALLOCA_H if you have working alloca(3) defined in that header.
+#
 # Define NO_CURL if you do not have libcurl installed.  git-http-fetch and
 # git-http-push are not built, and you cannot use http:// and https://
 # transports (neither smart nor dumb).
@@ -43,6 +45,9 @@ all::
 # Define EXPATDIR=/foo/bar if your expat header and library files are in
 # /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
 #
+# Define EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H if you have an old version of expat (e.g.,
+# 1.1 or 1.2) that provides xmlparse.h instead of expat.h.
+#
 # Define NO_GETTEXT if you don't want Git output to be translated.
 # A translated Git requires GNU libintl or another gettext implementation,
 # plus libintl-perl at runtime.
@@ -56,9 +61,9 @@ all::
 # FreeBSD can use either, but MinGW and some others need to use
 # libcharset.h's locale_charset() instead.
 #
-# Define CHARSET_LIB to you need to link with library other than -liconv to
+# Define CHARSET_LIB to the library you need to link with in order to
 # use locale_charset() function.  On some platforms this needs to set to
-# -lcharset
+# -lcharset, on others to -liconv .
 #
 # Define LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL if your gettext implementation doesn't
 # need -lintl when linking.
@@ -74,10 +79,14 @@ all::
 # Define NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT if your platform defines DT_UNKNOWN but lacks
 # d_type in struct dirent (Cygwin 1.5, fixed in Cygwin 1.7).
 #
+# Define HAVE_STRINGS_H if you have strings.h and need it for strcasecmp.
+#
 # Define NO_STRCASESTR if you don't have strcasestr.
 #
 # Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
 #
+# Define NO_GETPAGESIZE if you don't have getpagesize.
+#
 # Define NO_STRLCPY if you don't have strlcpy.
 #
 # Define NO_STRTOUMAX if you don't have both strtoimax and strtoumax in the
@@ -90,14 +99,9 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NO_MKDTEMP if you don't have mkdtemp in the C library.
 #
-# Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
-#
-# Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r in the C library.
+# Define MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH if your mkdir() can't deal with trailing slash.
 #
-# Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch in the C library.
-#
-# Define NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD if your fnmatch function doesn't have the
-# FNM_CASEFOLD GNU extension.
+# Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
 #
 # Define NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT if you don't have pw_gecos in struct passwd
 # in the C library.
@@ -127,9 +131,12 @@ all::
 # specify your own (or DarwinPort's) include directories and
 # library directories by defining CFLAGS and LDFLAGS appropriately.
 #
-# Define BLK_SHA1 environment variable if you want the C version
-# of the SHA1 that assumes you can do unaligned 32-bit loads and
-# have a fast htonl() function.
+# Define NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO if you are building on Darwin/Mac OS X
+# and do not want to use Apple's CommonCrypto library.  This allows you
+# to provide your own OpenSSL library, for example from MacPorts.
+#
+# Define BLK_SHA1 environment variable to make use of the bundled
+# optimized C SHA1 routine.
 #
 # Define PPC_SHA1 environment variable when running make to make use of
 # a bundled SHA1 routine optimized for PowerPC.
@@ -144,6 +151,12 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NEEDS_LIBICONV if linking with libc is not enough (Darwin).
 #
+# Define NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV if you need libintl before libiconv.
+#
+# Define NO_INTPTR_T if you don't have intptr_t or uintptr_t.
+#
+# Define NO_UINTMAX_T if you don't have uintmax_t.
+#
 # Define NEEDS_SOCKET if linking with libc is not enough (SunOS,
 # Patrick Mauritz).
 #
@@ -153,17 +166,35 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NO_MMAP if you want to avoid mmap.
 #
+# Define NO_SYS_POLL_H if you don't have sys/poll.h.
+#
+# Define NO_POLL if you do not have or don't want to use poll().
+# This also implies NO_SYS_POLL_H.
+#
+# Define NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H if you need to include sys/param.h to compile,
+# *PLEASE* REPORT to git@vger.kernel.org if your platform needs this;
+# we want to know more about the issue.
+#
 # Define NO_PTHREADS if you do not have or do not want to use Pthreads.
 #
 # Define NO_PREAD if you have a problem with pread() system call (e.g.
 # cygwin1.dll before v1.5.22).
 #
+# Define NO_SETITIMER if you don't have setitimer()
+#
+# Define NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL if you don't have struct itimerval
+# This also implies NO_SETITIMER
+#
 # Define NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY if accessing objects in pack files is
 # generally faster on your platform than accessing the working directory.
 #
 # Define NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE if your filesystem may claim to support
 # the executable mode bit, but doesn't really do so.
 #
+# Define NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION if your OS strays from the typical file type
+# bits in mode values (e.g. z/OS defines I_SFMT to 0xFF000000 as opposed to the
+# usual 0xF000).
+#
 # Define NO_IPV6 if you lack IPv6 support and getaddrinfo().
 #
 # Define NO_UNIX_SOCKETS if your system does not offer unix sockets.
@@ -203,8 +234,6 @@ all::
 # Define NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT if your platform does not have st_blocks
 # field that counts the on-disk footprint in 512-byte blocks.
 #
-# Define ASCIIDOC7 if you want to format documentation with AsciiDoc 7
-#
 # Define DOCBOOK_XSL_172 if you want to format man pages with DocBook XSL v1.72
 # (not v1.73 or v1.71).
 #
@@ -215,11 +244,16 @@ all::
 # apostrophes to be ASCII so that cut&pasting examples to the shell
 # will work.
 #
+# Define PERL_PATH to the path of your Perl binary (usually /usr/bin/perl).
+#
 # Define NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER if you cannot use Makefiles generated by perl's
 # MakeMaker (e.g. using ActiveState under Cygwin).
 #
 # Define NO_PERL if you do not want Perl scripts or libraries at all.
 #
+# Define PYTHON_PATH to the path of your Python binary (often /usr/bin/python
+# but /usr/bin/python2.7 on some platforms).
+#
 # Define NO_PYTHON if you do not want Python scripts or libraries at all.
 #
 # Define NO_TCLTK if you do not want Tcl/Tk GUI.
@@ -247,6 +281,9 @@ all::
 # Define NO_CROSS_DIRECTORY_HARDLINKS if you plan to distribute the installed
 # programs as a tar, where bin/ and libexec/ might be on different file systems.
 #
+# Define NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS if you prefer to use either symbolic links or
+# copies to install built-in git commands e.g. git-cat-file.
+#
 # Define USE_NED_ALLOCATOR if you want to replace the platforms default
 # memory allocators with the nedmalloc allocator written by Niall Douglas.
 #
@@ -284,28 +321,49 @@ all::
 # dependency rules.  The default is "auto", which means to use computed header
 # dependencies if your compiler is detected to support it.
 #
-# Define CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES to check for problems in the hard-coded
-# dependency rules.
-#
 # Define NATIVE_CRLF if your platform uses CRLF for line endings.
+#
+# Define XDL_FAST_HASH to use an alternative line-hashing method in
+# the diff algorithm.  It gives a nice speedup if your processor has
+# fast unaligned word loads.  Does NOT work on big-endian systems!
+# Enabled by default on x86_64.
+#
+# Define GIT_USER_AGENT if you want to change how git identifies itself during
+# network interactions.  The default is "git/$(GIT_VERSION)".
+#
+# Define DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT to "man", "info" or "html"
+# (defaults to "man") if you want to have a different default when
+# "git help" is called without a parameter specifying the format.
+#
+# Define TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION to 2, 3 or 4 to run the test suite
+# with a different indexfile format version.  If it isn't set the index
+# file format used is index-v[23].
+#
+# Define GMTIME_UNRELIABLE_ERRORS if your gmtime() function does not
+# return NULL when it receives a bogus time_t.
+#
+# Define HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME if your platform has clock_gettime in librt.
+#
+# Define HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC if your platform has CLOCK_MONOTONIC in librt.
+#
+# Define NO_HMAC_CTX_CLEANUP if your OpenSSL is version 0.9.6b or earlier to
+# cleanup the HMAC context with the older HMAC_cleanup function.
+#
+# Define USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N to "yes" if your compiler happily
+# compiles the following initialization:
+#
+#   static const char s[] = ("FOO");
+#
+# and define it to "no" if you need to remove the parentheses () around the
+# constant.  The default is "auto", which means to use parentheses if your
+# compiler is detected to support it.
+#
+# Define HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL if your platform has a BSD-compatible sysctl function.
 
 GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
 	@$(SHELL_PATH) ./GIT-VERSION-GEN
 -include GIT-VERSION-FILE
 
-uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
-
-ifdef MSVC
-	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
-	uname_S := Windows
-	uname_O := Windows
-endif
-
 # CFLAGS and LDFLAGS are for the users to override from the command line.
 
 CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
@@ -317,33 +375,39 @@ STRIP ?= strip
 # Among the variables below, these:
 #   gitexecdir
 #   template_dir
-#   mandir
-#   infodir
-#   htmldir
 #   sysconfdir
 # can be specified as a relative path some/where/else;
 # this is interpreted as relative to $(prefix) and "git" at
 # runtime figures out where they are based on the path to the executable.
+# Additionally, the following will be treated as relative by "git" if they
+# begin with "$(prefix)/":
+#   mandir
+#   infodir
+#   htmldir
 # This can help installing the suite in a relocatable way.
 
 prefix = $(HOME)
 bindir_relative = bin
 bindir = $(prefix)/$(bindir_relative)
-mandir = share/man
-infodir = share/info
+mandir = $(prefix)/share/man
+infodir = $(prefix)/share/info
 gitexecdir = libexec/git-core
 mergetoolsdir = $(gitexecdir)/mergetools
 sharedir = $(prefix)/share
 gitwebdir = $(sharedir)/gitweb
 localedir = $(sharedir)/locale
 template_dir = share/git-core/templates
-htmldir = share/doc/git-doc
+htmldir = $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
 ETC_GITCONFIG = $(sysconfdir)/gitconfig
 ETC_GITATTRIBUTES = $(sysconfdir)/gitattributes
 lib = lib
-# DESTDIR=
+# DESTDIR =
 pathsep = :
 
+mandir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(mandir))
+infodir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(infodir))
+htmldir_relative = $(patsubst $(prefix)/%,%,$(htmldir))
+
 export prefix bindir sharedir sysconfdir gitwebdir localedir
 
 CC = cc
@@ -381,13 +445,10 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS =
 BUILT_INS =
 COMPAT_CFLAGS =
 COMPAT_OBJS =
-XDIFF_H =
 XDIFF_OBJS =
-VCSSVN_H =
 VCSSVN_OBJS =
-VCSSVN_TEST_OBJS =
+GENERATED_H =
 EXTRA_CPPFLAGS =
-LIB_H =
 LIB_OBJS =
 PROGRAM_OBJS =
 PROGRAMS =
@@ -407,7 +468,6 @@ SCRIPT_SH += git-am.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-bisect.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-difftool--helper.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-filter-branch.sh
-SCRIPT_SH += git-lost-found.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-merge-octopus.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-merge-one-file.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-merge-resolve.sh
@@ -415,7 +475,7 @@ SCRIPT_SH += git-mergetool.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-pull.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-quiltimport.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-rebase.sh
-SCRIPT_SH += git-repack.sh
+SCRIPT_SH += git-remote-testgit.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-request-pull.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-stash.sh
 SCRIPT_SH += git-submodule.sh
@@ -439,11 +499,46 @@ SCRIPT_PERL += git-relink.perl
 SCRIPT_PERL += git-send-email.perl
 SCRIPT_PERL += git-svn.perl
 
-SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-remote-testgit.py
-
-SCRIPTS = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) \
-	  $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) \
-	  $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)) \
+SCRIPT_PYTHON += git-p4.py
+
+NO_INSTALL += git-remote-testgit
+
+# Generated files for scripts
+SCRIPT_SH_GEN = $(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH))
+SCRIPT_PERL_GEN = $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL))
+SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN = $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON))
+
+SCRIPT_SH_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_SH_GEN))
+SCRIPT_PERL_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN))
+SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS = $(filter-out $(NO_INSTALL),$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN))
+
+# Individual rules to allow e.g.
+# "make -C ../.. SCRIPT_PERL=contrib/foo/bar.perl build-perl-script"
+# from subdirectories like contrib/*/
+.PHONY: build-perl-script build-sh-script build-python-script
+build-perl-script: $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+build-sh-script: $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+build-python-script: $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+
+.PHONY: install-perl-script install-sh-script install-python-script
+install-sh-script: $(SCRIPT_SH_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+install-perl-script: $(SCRIPT_PERL_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+install-python-script: $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS)
+	$(INSTALL) $^ '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
+
+.PHONY: clean-perl-script clean-sh-script clean-python-script
+clean-sh-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_SH_GEN)
+clean-perl-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN)
+clean-python-script:
+	$(RM) $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN)
+
+SCRIPTS = $(SCRIPT_SH_INS) \
+	  $(SCRIPT_PERL_INS) \
+	  $(SCRIPT_PYTHON_INS) \
 	  git-instaweb
 
 ETAGS_TARGET = TAGS
@@ -454,15 +549,16 @@ EXTRA_PROGRAMS =
 # ... and all the rest that could be moved out of bindir to gitexecdir
 PROGRAMS += $(EXTRA_PROGRAMS)
 
+PROGRAM_OBJS += credential-store.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += daemon.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += fast-import.o
+PROGRAM_OBJS += http-backend.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += imap-send.o
+PROGRAM_OBJS += sh-i18n--envsubst.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += shell.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += show-index.o
 PROGRAM_OBJS += upload-pack.o
-PROGRAM_OBJS += http-backend.o
-PROGRAM_OBJS += sh-i18n--envsubst.o
-PROGRAM_OBJS += credential-store.o
+PROGRAM_OBJS += remote-testsvn.o
 
 # Binary suffix, set to .exe for Windows builds
 X =
@@ -470,24 +566,35 @@ X =
 PROGRAMS += $(patsubst %.o,git-%$X,$(PROGRAM_OBJS))
 
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-chmtime
-TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-credential
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-ctype
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-config
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-date
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-delta
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-dump-cache-tree
-TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-scrap-cache-tree
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-dump-split-index
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-genrandom
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-hashmap
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-index-version
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-line-buffer
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-match-trees
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-mergesort
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-mktemp
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-parse-options
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-path-utils
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-prio-queue
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-read-cache
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-regex
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-revision-walking
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-run-command
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-scrap-cache-tree
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sha1
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sha1-array
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-sigchain
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-string-list
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-subprocess
 TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-svn-fe
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-urlmatch-normalization
+TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X += test-wildmatch
 
 TEST_PROGRAMS = $(patsubst %,%$X,$(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
 
@@ -499,11 +606,8 @@ BUILT_INS += git-cherry$X
 BUILT_INS += git-cherry-pick$X
 BUILT_INS += git-format-patch$X
 BUILT_INS += git-fsck-objects$X
-BUILT_INS += git-get-tar-commit-id$X
 BUILT_INS += git-init$X
 BUILT_INS += git-merge-subtree$X
-BUILT_INS += git-peek-remote$X
-BUILT_INS += git-repo-config$X
 BUILT_INS += git-show$X
 BUILT_INS += git-stage$X
 BUILT_INS += git-status$X
@@ -539,96 +643,17 @@ endif
 export PERL_PATH
 export PYTHON_PATH
 
-LIB_FILE=libgit.a
-XDIFF_LIB=xdiff/lib.a
-VCSSVN_LIB=vcs-svn/lib.a
-
-LIB_H += advice.h
-LIB_H += archive.h
-LIB_H += argv-array.h
-LIB_H += attr.h
-LIB_H += blob.h
-LIB_H += builtin.h
-LIB_H += bulk-checkin.h
-LIB_H += cache.h
-LIB_H += cache-tree.h
-LIB_H += color.h
-LIB_H += commit.h
-LIB_H += compat/bswap.h
-LIB_H += compat/cygwin.h
-LIB_H += compat/mingw.h
-LIB_H += compat/obstack.h
-LIB_H += compat/terminal.h
-LIB_H += compat/win32/pthread.h
-LIB_H += compat/win32/syslog.h
-LIB_H += compat/win32/poll.h
-LIB_H += compat/win32/dirent.h
-LIB_H += connected.h
-LIB_H += convert.h
-LIB_H += credential.h
-LIB_H += csum-file.h
-LIB_H += decorate.h
-LIB_H += delta.h
-LIB_H += diffcore.h
-LIB_H += diff.h
-LIB_H += dir.h
-LIB_H += exec_cmd.h
-LIB_H += fmt-merge-msg.h
-LIB_H += fsck.h
-LIB_H += gettext.h
-LIB_H += git-compat-util.h
-LIB_H += gpg-interface.h
-LIB_H += graph.h
-LIB_H += grep.h
-LIB_H += hash.h
-LIB_H += help.h
-LIB_H += kwset.h
-LIB_H += levenshtein.h
-LIB_H += list-objects.h
-LIB_H += ll-merge.h
-LIB_H += log-tree.h
-LIB_H += mailmap.h
-LIB_H += merge-file.h
-LIB_H += merge-recursive.h
-LIB_H += notes.h
-LIB_H += notes-cache.h
-LIB_H += notes-merge.h
-LIB_H += object.h
-LIB_H += pack.h
-LIB_H += pack-refs.h
-LIB_H += pack-revindex.h
-LIB_H += parse-options.h
-LIB_H += patch-ids.h
-LIB_H += pkt-line.h
-LIB_H += progress.h
-LIB_H += prompt.h
-LIB_H += quote.h
-LIB_H += reflog-walk.h
-LIB_H += refs.h
-LIB_H += remote.h
-LIB_H += rerere.h
-LIB_H += resolve-undo.h
-LIB_H += revision.h
-LIB_H += run-command.h
-LIB_H += sequencer.h
-LIB_H += sha1-array.h
-LIB_H += sha1-lookup.h
-LIB_H += sideband.h
-LIB_H += sigchain.h
-LIB_H += strbuf.h
-LIB_H += streaming.h
-LIB_H += string-list.h
-LIB_H += submodule.h
-LIB_H += tag.h
-LIB_H += thread-utils.h
-LIB_H += transport.h
-LIB_H += tree.h
-LIB_H += tree-walk.h
-LIB_H += unpack-trees.h
-LIB_H += userdiff.h
-LIB_H += utf8.h
-LIB_H += xdiff-interface.h
-LIB_H += xdiff/xdiff.h
+LIB_FILE = libgit.a
+XDIFF_LIB = xdiff/lib.a
+VCSSVN_LIB = vcs-svn/lib.a
+
+GENERATED_H += common-cmds.h
+
+LIB_H = $(shell $(FIND) . \
+	-name .git -prune -o \
+	-name t -prune -o \
+	-name Documentation -prune -o \
+	-name '*.h' -print)
 
 LIB_OBJS += abspath.o
 LIB_OBJS += advice.o
@@ -647,6 +672,7 @@ LIB_OBJS += bulk-checkin.o
 LIB_OBJS += bundle.o
 LIB_OBJS += cache-tree.o
 LIB_OBJS += color.o
+LIB_OBJS += column.o
 LIB_OBJS += combine-diff.o
 LIB_OBJS += commit.o
 LIB_OBJS += compat/obstack.o
@@ -674,33 +700,45 @@ LIB_OBJS += dir.o
 LIB_OBJS += editor.o
 LIB_OBJS += entry.o
 LIB_OBJS += environment.o
+LIB_OBJS += ewah/bitmap.o
+LIB_OBJS += ewah/ewah_bitmap.o
+LIB_OBJS += ewah/ewah_io.o
+LIB_OBJS += ewah/ewah_rlw.o
 LIB_OBJS += exec_cmd.o
+LIB_OBJS += fetch-pack.o
 LIB_OBJS += fsck.o
-LIB_OBJS += gpg-interface.o
 LIB_OBJS += gettext.o
+LIB_OBJS += gpg-interface.o
 LIB_OBJS += graph.o
 LIB_OBJS += grep.o
-LIB_OBJS += hash.o
+LIB_OBJS += hashmap.o
 LIB_OBJS += help.o
 LIB_OBJS += hex.o
 LIB_OBJS += ident.o
 LIB_OBJS += kwset.o
 LIB_OBJS += levenshtein.o
+LIB_OBJS += line-log.o
+LIB_OBJS += line-range.o
 LIB_OBJS += list-objects.o
 LIB_OBJS += ll-merge.o
 LIB_OBJS += lockfile.o
 LIB_OBJS += log-tree.o
 LIB_OBJS += mailmap.o
 LIB_OBJS += match-trees.o
-LIB_OBJS += merge-file.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge.o
+LIB_OBJS += merge-blobs.o
 LIB_OBJS += merge-recursive.o
+LIB_OBJS += mergesort.o
 LIB_OBJS += name-hash.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes-cache.o
 LIB_OBJS += notes-merge.o
+LIB_OBJS += notes-utils.o
 LIB_OBJS += object.o
+LIB_OBJS += pack-bitmap.o
+LIB_OBJS += pack-bitmap-write.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-check.o
-LIB_OBJS += pack-refs.o
+LIB_OBJS += pack-objects.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-revindex.o
 LIB_OBJS += pack-write.o
 LIB_OBJS += pager.o
@@ -709,9 +747,11 @@ LIB_OBJS += parse-options-cb.o
 LIB_OBJS += patch-delta.o
 LIB_OBJS += patch-ids.o
 LIB_OBJS += path.o
+LIB_OBJS += pathspec.o
 LIB_OBJS += pkt-line.o
 LIB_OBJS += preload-index.o
 LIB_OBJS += pretty.o
+LIB_OBJS += prio-queue.o
 LIB_OBJS += progress.o
 LIB_OBJS += prompt.o
 LIB_OBJS += quote.o
@@ -725,9 +765,10 @@ LIB_OBJS += rerere.o
 LIB_OBJS += resolve-undo.o
 LIB_OBJS += revision.o
 LIB_OBJS += run-command.o
+LIB_OBJS += send-pack.o
+LIB_OBJS += sequencer.o
 LIB_OBJS += server-info.o
 LIB_OBJS += setup.o
-LIB_OBJS += sequencer.o
 LIB_OBJS += sha1-array.o
 LIB_OBJS += sha1-lookup.o
 LIB_OBJS += sha1_file.o
@@ -735,6 +776,7 @@ LIB_OBJS += sha1_name.o
 LIB_OBJS += shallow.o
 LIB_OBJS += sideband.o
 LIB_OBJS += sigchain.o
+LIB_OBJS += split-index.o
 LIB_OBJS += strbuf.o
 LIB_OBJS += streaming.o
 LIB_OBJS += string-list.o
@@ -742,6 +784,7 @@ LIB_OBJS += submodule.o
 LIB_OBJS += symlinks.o
 LIB_OBJS += tag.o
 LIB_OBJS += trace.o
+LIB_OBJS += trailer.o
 LIB_OBJS += transport.o
 LIB_OBJS += transport-helper.o
 LIB_OBJS += tree-diff.o
@@ -749,10 +792,15 @@ LIB_OBJS += tree.o
 LIB_OBJS += tree-walk.o
 LIB_OBJS += unpack-trees.o
 LIB_OBJS += url.o
+LIB_OBJS += urlmatch.o
 LIB_OBJS += usage.o
 LIB_OBJS += userdiff.o
 LIB_OBJS += utf8.o
+LIB_OBJS += varint.o
+LIB_OBJS += version.o
+LIB_OBJS += versioncmp.o
 LIB_OBJS += walker.o
+LIB_OBJS += wildmatch.o
 LIB_OBJS += wrapper.o
 LIB_OBJS += write_or_die.o
 LIB_OBJS += ws.o
@@ -770,15 +818,19 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/branch.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/bundle.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/cat-file.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-attr.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-ignore.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-mailmap.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/check-ref-format.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/checkout-index.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/checkout.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/clean.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/clone.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/column.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/commit-tree.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/commit.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/config.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/count-objects.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/credential.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/describe.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/diff-files.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/diff-index.o
@@ -791,11 +843,13 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/fmt-merge-msg.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/for-each-ref.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/fsck.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/gc.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/get-tar-commit-id.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/grep.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/hash-object.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/help.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/index-pack.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/init-db.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/interpret-trailers.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/log.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/ls-files.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/ls-remote.o
@@ -827,6 +881,7 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/reflog.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote-ext.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/remote-fd.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/repack.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/replace.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/rerere.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/reset.o
@@ -841,7 +896,6 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/show-ref.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/stripspace.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/symbolic-ref.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/tag.o
-BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/tar-tree.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/unpack-file.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/unpack-objects.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/update-index.o
@@ -849,6 +903,7 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/update-ref.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/update-server-info.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/upload-archive.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/var.o
+BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/verify-commit.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/verify-pack.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/verify-tag.o
 BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/write-tree.o
@@ -856,450 +911,9 @@ BUILTIN_OBJS += builtin/write-tree.o
 GITLIBS = $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB)
 EXTLIBS =
 
-#
-# Platform specific tweaks
-#
-
-# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
-# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
-# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
-
-ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
-	# Need this for u_short definitions et al
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
-	SOCKLEN_T = int
-	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
-	CC = cc
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	INSTALL = ginstall
-	TAR = gtar
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
-		CFLAGS = -O2
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
-		CC = cc
-		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
-	endif
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	INSTALL = ginstall
-	TAR = gtar
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
-		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	endif
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
-	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
-	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
-		SOCKLEN_T = int
-		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
-		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
-		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-	endif
-	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
-	TAR = gtar
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__ -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.[1-6]\.'),4)
-		NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-		NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
-		NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-		NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-		NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-		NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
-	endif
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	# There are conflicting reports about this.
-	# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
-	# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	X = .exe
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/cygwin.o
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	SPARSE_FLAGS = -isystem /usr/include/w32api -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
-		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
-		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
-		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	endif
-	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
-		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	endif
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
-	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
-	DEFAULT_PAGER = more
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV=YesPlease
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
-		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
-	else
-		PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V).$(uname_R)" : '5\.1'),3)
-		INLINE=''
-	endif
-	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
-	# GNU/Hurd
-	NO_STRLCPY=YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
-	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
-	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
-	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
-	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
-	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
-	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
-	NO_SETENV=YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
-	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
-	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
-	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
-	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
-	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	SHELL_PATH=/usr/gnu/bin/bash
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
-	INLINE = __inline
-	NO_IPV6=YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV=YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.11.00)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.10.20)
-		# Override HP-UX 11.x setting:
-		INLINE =
-		SOCKLEN_T = size_t
-		NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	endif
-	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
-	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
-	pathsep = ;
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_POLL_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
-	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
-	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
-	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_CURL = YesPlease
-	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
-
-	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
-	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
-	CFLAGS =
-	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
-	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
-		compat/win32/poll.o compat/win32/dirent.o
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -NODEFAULTLIB:MSVCRT.lib
-	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib
-	PTHREAD_LIBS =
-	lib =
-ifndef DEBUG
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MT
-	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
-	AR += -LTCG
-else
-	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MTd
-endif
-	X = .exe
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
-	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	endif
-	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
-		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
-		NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD = YesPlease
-	endif
-endif
-ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
-	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_RESOLV =
-	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
-	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
-	NO_CURL =
-	NO_EXPAT =
-endif
-ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
-	pathsep = ;
-	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
-	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYS_POLL_H = YesPlease
-	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
-	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
-	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
-	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOK_R = YesPlease
-	NO_FNMATCH = YesPlease
-	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
-	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
-	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
-	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
-	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
-	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
-	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
-	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
-	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
-	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
-	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
-	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
-	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
-	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
-	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
-	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
-	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
-	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
-	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
-	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
-	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
-	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
-		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
-		compat/win32/poll.o compat/win32/dirent.o
-	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
-	PTHREAD_LIBS =
-	X = .exe
-	SPARSE_FLAGS = -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
-ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
-	htmldir=doc/git/html/
-	prefix =
-	INSTALL = /bin/install
-	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
-	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
-	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
-	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
-else
-	NO_CURL = YesPlease
-endif
-endif
+GIT_USER_AGENT = git/$(GIT_VERSION)
 
+include config.mak.uname
 -include config.mak.autogen
 -include config.mak
 
@@ -1311,18 +925,14 @@ sysconfdir = etc
 endif
 endif
 
-ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES = no
-USE_COMPUTED_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES =
-endif
-
 ifndef COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES = auto
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES),auto)
 dep_check = $(shell $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) \
-	-c -MF /dev/null -MMD -MP -x c /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>&1; \
+	-c -MF /dev/null -MQ /dev/null -MMD -MP \
+	-x c /dev/null -o /dev/null 2>&1; \
 	echo $$?)
 ifeq ($(dep_check),0)
 override COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES = yes
@@ -1356,6 +966,14 @@ ifneq (,$(SOCKLEN_T))
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Dsocklen_t=$(SOCKLEN_T)
 endif
 
+ifeq (yes,$(USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N))
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DUSE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N=1
+else
+ifeq (no,$(USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N))
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DUSE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N=0
+endif
+endif
+
 ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
 	ifndef NO_FINK
 		ifeq ($(shell test -d /sw/lib && echo y),y)
@@ -1369,6 +987,11 @@ ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
 			BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/opt/local/lib
 		endif
 	endif
+	ifndef NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+		APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+		COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DAPPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	endif
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
 	PTHREAD_LIBS =
 endif
 
@@ -1396,6 +1019,13 @@ ifdef USE_LIBPCRE
 	EXTLIBS += -lpcre
 endif
 
+ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_ALLOCA_H
+endif
+
+IMAP_SEND_BUILDDEPS =
+IMAP_SEND_LDFLAGS = $(OPENSSL_LINK) $(OPENSSL_LIBSSL) $(LIB_4_CRYPTO)
+
 ifdef NO_CURL
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_CURL
 	REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY =
@@ -1410,7 +1040,7 @@ else
 		CURL_LIBCURL = -lcurl
 	endif
 	ifdef NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL
-		CURL_LIBCURL +=	-lssl
+		CURL_LIBCURL += -lssl
 		ifdef NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL
 			CURL_LIBCURL += -lcrypto
 		endif
@@ -1424,12 +1054,21 @@ else
 	REMOTE_CURL_NAMES = $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY) $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES)
 	PROGRAM_OBJS += http-fetch.o
 	PROGRAMS += $(REMOTE_CURL_NAMES)
-	curl_check := $(shell (echo 070908; curl-config --vernum) | sort -r | sed -ne 2p)
+	curl_check := $(shell (echo 070908; curl-config --vernum | sed -e '/^70[BC]/s/^/0/') 2>/dev/null | sort -r | sed -ne 2p)
 	ifeq "$(curl_check)" "070908"
 		ifndef NO_EXPAT
 			PROGRAM_OBJS += http-push.o
 		endif
 	endif
+	curl_check := $(shell (echo 072200; curl-config --vernum | sed -e '/^70[BC]/s/^/0/') 2>/dev/null | sort -r | sed -ne 2p)
+	ifeq "$(curl_check)" "072200"
+		USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifdef USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -DUSE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+		IMAP_SEND_BUILDDEPS = http.o
+		IMAP_SEND_LDFLAGS += $(CURL_LIBCURL)
+	endif
 	ifndef NO_EXPAT
 		ifdef EXPATDIR
 			BASIC_CFLAGS += -I$(EXPATDIR)/include
@@ -1437,6 +1076,9 @@ else
 		else
 			EXPAT_LIBEXPAT = -lexpat
 		endif
+		ifdef EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+			BASIC_CFLAGS += -DEXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+		endif
 	endif
 endif
 
@@ -1457,6 +1099,9 @@ ifndef NO_OPENSSL
 	ifdef NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL
 		OPENSSL_LIBSSL += -lcrypto
 	endif
+	ifdef NO_HMAC_CTX_CLEANUP
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_HMAC_CTX_CLEANUP
+	endif
 else
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_OPENSSL
 	BLK_SHA1 = 1
@@ -1470,6 +1115,9 @@ ifdef NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO
 else
 	LIB_4_CRYPTO = $(OPENSSL_LINK) -lcrypto
 endif
+ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	LIB_4_CRYPTO += -framework Security -framework CoreFoundation
+endif
 endif
 ifdef NEEDS_LIBICONV
 	ifdef ICONVDIR
@@ -1478,6 +1126,9 @@ ifdef NEEDS_LIBICONV
 	else
 		ICONV_LINK =
 	endif
+	ifdef NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV
+		ICONV_LINK += -lintl
+	endif
 	EXTLIBS += $(ICONV_LINK) -liconv
 endif
 ifdef NEEDS_LIBGEN
@@ -1503,6 +1154,9 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT
 endif
+ifdef NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
+endif
 ifdef NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT
 endif
@@ -1536,6 +1190,11 @@ ifdef NO_GETTEXT
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_GETTEXT
 	USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME ?= fallthrough
 endif
+ifdef NO_POLL
+	NO_SYS_POLL_H = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_POLL -Icompat/poll
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/poll/poll.o
+endif
 ifdef NO_STRCASESTR
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRCASESTR
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strcasestr.o
@@ -1551,21 +1210,6 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_STRTOULL
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOULL
 endif
-ifdef NO_STRTOK_R
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRTOK_R
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/strtok_r.o
-endif
-ifdef NO_FNMATCH
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/fnmatch
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_FNMATCH
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o
-else
-ifdef NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/fnmatch
-	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD
-	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.o
-endif
-endif
 ifdef NO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETENV
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/setenv.o
@@ -1574,6 +1218,10 @@ ifdef NO_MKDTEMP
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MKDTEMP
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mkdtemp.o
 endif
+ifdef MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DMKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mkdir.o
+endif
 ifdef NO_MKSTEMPS
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MKSTEMPS
 endif
@@ -1587,6 +1235,9 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_SYS_POLL_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_SYS_POLL_H
 endif
+ifdef NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
+endif
 ifdef NO_INTTYPES_H
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_INTTYPES_H
 endif
@@ -1605,6 +1256,13 @@ endif
 ifdef OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DOBJECT_CREATION_MODE=1
 endif
+ifdef NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
+	NO_SETITIMER = YesPlease
+endif
+ifdef NO_SETITIMER
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_SETITIMER
+endif
 ifdef NO_PREAD
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_PREAD
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/pread.o
@@ -1615,9 +1273,16 @@ endif
 ifdef NO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_TRUSTABLE_FILEMODE
 endif
+ifdef NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/stat.o
+endif
 ifdef NO_IPV6
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNO_IPV6
 endif
+ifdef NO_INTPTR_T
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_INTPTR_T
+endif
 ifdef NO_UINTMAX_T
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Duintmax_t=uint32_t
 endif
@@ -1638,7 +1303,6 @@ ifdef NO_INET_PTON
 endif
 ifndef NO_UNIX_SOCKETS
 	LIB_OBJS += unix-socket.o
-	LIB_H += unix-socket.h
 	PROGRAM_OBJS += credential-cache.o
 	PROGRAM_OBJS += credential-cache--daemon.o
 endif
@@ -1662,17 +1326,21 @@ endif
 ifdef BLK_SHA1
 	SHA1_HEADER = "block-sha1/sha1.h"
 	LIB_OBJS += block-sha1/sha1.o
-	LIB_H += block-sha1/sha1.h
 else
 ifdef PPC_SHA1
 	SHA1_HEADER = "ppc/sha1.h"
 	LIB_OBJS += ppc/sha1.o ppc/sha1ppc.o
-	LIB_H += ppc/sha1.h
+else
+ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DCOMMON_DIGEST_FOR_OPENSSL
+	SHA1_HEADER = <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
 else
 	SHA1_HEADER = <openssl/sha.h>
 	EXTLIBS += $(LIB_4_CRYPTO)
 endif
 endif
+endif
+
 ifdef NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 	export NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 endif
@@ -1684,6 +1352,9 @@ ifdef NO_MEMMEM
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_MEMMEM
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/memmem.o
 endif
+ifdef NO_GETPAGESIZE
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DNO_GETPAGESIZE
+endif
 ifdef INTERNAL_QSORT
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DINTERNAL_QSORT
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/qsort.o
@@ -1709,6 +1380,10 @@ ifdef HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H
 	EXTLIBS += $(CHARSET_LIB)
 endif
 
+ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRINGS_H
+endif
+
 ifdef HAVE_DEV_TTY
 	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_DEV_TTY
 endif
@@ -1723,6 +1398,9 @@ ifdef NO_REGEX
 	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/regex
 	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/regex/regex.o
 endif
+ifdef NATIVE_CRLF
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DNATIVE_CRLF
+endif
 
 ifdef USE_NED_ALLOCATOR
        COMPAT_CFLAGS += -Icompat/nedmalloc
@@ -1737,16 +1415,38 @@ ifndef NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS
 	MSGFMT += --check --statistics
 endif
 
+ifneq (,$(XDL_FAST_HASH))
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DXDL_FAST_HASH
+endif
+
+ifdef GMTIME_UNRELIABLE_ERRORS
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/gmtime.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DGMTIME_UNRELIABLE_ERRORS
+endif
+
+ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
+	EXTLIBS += -lrt
+endif
+
+ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+endif
+
+ifdef HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_BSD_SYSCTL
+endif
+
 ifeq ($(TCLTK_PATH),)
-NO_TCLTK=NoThanks
+NO_TCLTK = NoThanks
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PERL_PATH),)
-NO_PERL=NoThanks
+NO_PERL = NoThanks
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(PYTHON_PATH),)
-NO_PYTHON=NoThanks
+NO_PYTHON = NoThanks
 endif
 
 QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
@@ -1770,6 +1470,7 @@ ifndef V
 	QUIET_MSGFMT   = @echo '   ' MSGFMT $@;
 	QUIET_GCOV     = @echo '   ' GCOV $@;
 	QUIET_SP       = @echo '   ' SP $<;
+	QUIET_RC       = @echo '   ' RC $@;
 	QUIET_SUBDIR0  = +@subdir=
 	QUIET_SUBDIR1  = ;$(NO_SUBDIR) echo '   ' SUBDIR $$subdir; \
 			 $(MAKE) $(PRINT_DIR) -C $$subdir
@@ -1779,8 +1480,8 @@ ifndef V
 endif
 endif
 
-ifdef ASCIIDOC7
-	export ASCIIDOC7
+ifdef NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS
+	export NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS
 endif
 
 ### profile feedback build
@@ -1791,15 +1492,15 @@ endif
 PROFILE_DIR := $(CURDIR)
 
 ifeq ("$(PROFILE)","GEN")
-	CFLAGS += -fprofile-generate=$(PROFILE_DIR) -DNO_NORETURN=1
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -fprofile-generate=$(PROFILE_DIR) -DNO_NORETURN=1
 	EXTLIBS += -lgcov
-	export CCACHE_DISABLE=t
-	V=1
+	export CCACHE_DISABLE = t
+	V = 1
 else
 ifneq ("$(PROFILE)","")
-	CFLAGS += -fprofile-use=$(PROFILE_DIR) -fprofile-correction -DNO_NORETURN=1
-	export CCACHE_DISABLE=t
-	V=1
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -fprofile-use=$(PROFILE_DIR) -fprofile-correction -DNO_NORETURN=1
+	export CCACHE_DISABLE = t
+	V = 1
 endif
 endif
 
@@ -1812,12 +1513,12 @@ ETC_GITATTRIBUTES_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(ETC_GITATTRIBUTES))
 DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
 bindir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir_relative))
-mandir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir))
-infodir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir))
+mandir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mandir_relative))
+infodir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(infodir_relative))
 localedir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(localedir))
 gitexecdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitexecdir))
 template_dir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(template_dir))
-htmldir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir))
+htmldir_relative_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(htmldir_relative))
 prefix_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix))
 gitwebdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(gitwebdir))
 
@@ -1826,6 +1527,7 @@ PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
 PYTHON_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PYTHON_PATH))
 TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
 DIFF_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DIFF))
+PERLLIB_EXTRA_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERLLIB_EXTRA))
 
 LIBS = $(GITLIBS) $(EXTLIBS)
 
@@ -1849,6 +1551,25 @@ DEFAULT_PAGER_CQ_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DEFAULT_PAGER_CQ))
 BASIC_CFLAGS += -DDEFAULT_PAGER='$(DEFAULT_PAGER_CQ_SQ)'
 endif
 
+ifdef SHELL_PATH
+SHELL_PATH_CQ = "$(subst ",\",$(subst \,\\,$(SHELL_PATH)))"
+SHELL_PATH_CQ_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH_CQ))
+
+BASIC_CFLAGS += -DSHELL_PATH='$(SHELL_PATH_CQ_SQ)'
+endif
+
+GIT_USER_AGENT_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(GIT_USER_AGENT))
+GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ = "$(subst ",\",$(subst \,\\,$(GIT_USER_AGENT)))"
+GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ))
+GIT-USER-AGENT: FORCE
+	@if test x'$(GIT_USER_AGENT_SQ)' != x"`cat GIT-USER-AGENT 2>/dev/null`"; then \
+		echo '$(GIT_USER_AGENT_SQ)' >GIT-USER-AGENT; \
+	fi
+
+ifdef DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT
+BASIC_CFLAGS += -DDEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT='"$(DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT)"'
+endif
+
 ALL_CFLAGS += $(BASIC_CFLAGS)
 ALL_LDFLAGS += $(BASIC_LDFLAGS)
 
@@ -1862,12 +1583,24 @@ SHELL = $(SHELL_PATH)
 all:: shell_compatibility_test
 
 ifeq "$(PROFILE)" "BUILD"
-ifeq ($(filter all,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),all)
-all:: profile-clean
+all:: profile
+endif
+
+profile:: profile-clean
 	$(MAKE) PROFILE=GEN all
 	$(MAKE) PROFILE=GEN -j1 test
-endif
-endif
+	@if test -n "$$GIT_PERF_REPO" || test -d .git; then \
+		$(MAKE) PROFILE=GEN -j1 perf; \
+	else \
+		echo "Skipping profile of perf tests..."; \
+	fi
+	$(MAKE) PROFILE=USE all
+
+profile-fast: profile-clean
+	$(MAKE) PROFILE=GEN all
+	$(MAKE) PROFILE=GEN -j1 perf
+	$(MAKE) PROFILE=USE all
+
 
 all:: $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) $(OTHER_PROGRAMS) GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
 ifneq (,$X)
@@ -1882,9 +1615,6 @@ endif
 ifndef NO_PERL
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)perl $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' localedir='$(localedir_SQ)' all
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)git_remote_helpers $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PYTHON_PATH='$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' all
-endif
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)templates $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) SHELL_PATH='$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)'
 
 please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell:
@@ -1893,68 +1623,136 @@ please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell:
 shell_compatibility_test: please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
 
 strip: $(PROGRAMS) git$X
-	$(STRIP) $(STRIP_OPTS) $(PROGRAMS) git$X
-
-git.o: common-cmds.h
-git.sp git.s git.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DGIT_VERSION='"$(GIT_VERSION)"' \
-	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+	$(STRIP) $(STRIP_OPTS) $^
+
+### Target-specific flags and dependencies
+
+# The generic compilation pattern rule and automatically
+# computed header dependencies (falling back to a dependency on
+# LIB_H) are enough to describe how most targets should be built,
+# but some targets are special enough to need something a little
+# different.
+#
+# - When a source file "foo.c" #includes a generated header file,
+#   we need to list that dependency for the "foo.o" target.
+#
+#   We also list it from other targets that are built from foo.c
+#   like "foo.sp" and "foo.s", even though that is easy to forget
+#   to do because the generated header is already present around
+#   after a regular build attempt.
+#
+# - Some code depends on configuration kept in makefile
+#   variables. The target-specific variable EXTRA_CPPFLAGS can
+#   be used to convey that information to the C preprocessor
+#   using -D options.
+#
+#   The "foo.o" target should have a corresponding dependency on
+#   a file that changes when the value of the makefile variable
+#   changes.  For example, targets making use of the
+#   $(GIT_VERSION) variable depend on GIT-VERSION-FILE.
+#
+#   Technically the ".sp" and ".s" targets do not need this
+#   dependency because they are force-built, but they get the
+#   same dependency for consistency. This way, you do not have to
+#   know how each target is implemented. And it means the
+#   dependencies here will not need to change if the force-build
+#   details change some day.
+
+git.sp git.s git.o: GIT-PREFIX
+git.sp git.s git.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_relative_SQ)"'
 
 git$X: git.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(GITLIBS)
-	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ git.o \
-		$(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(LIBS)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) git.o \
+		$(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(LIBS)
 
-help.sp help.o: common-cmds.h
+help.sp help.s help.o: common-cmds.h
 
-builtin/help.sp builtin/help.o: common-cmds.h
+builtin/help.sp builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: common-cmds.h GIT-PREFIX
 builtin/help.sp builtin/help.s builtin/help.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
-	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_SQ)"' \
-	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_SQ)"'
+	'-DGIT_HTML_PATH="$(htmldir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_MAN_PATH="$(mandir_relative_SQ)"' \
+	'-DGIT_INFO_PATH="$(infodir_relative_SQ)"'
+
+version.sp version.s version.o: GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-USER-AGENT
+version.sp version.s version.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
+	'-DGIT_VERSION="$(GIT_VERSION)"' \
+	'-DGIT_USER_AGENT=$(GIT_USER_AGENT_CQ_SQ)'
 
 $(BUILT_INS): git$X
 	$(QUIET_BUILT_IN)$(RM) $@ && \
-	ln git$X $@ 2>/dev/null || \
-	ln -s git$X $@ 2>/dev/null || \
-	cp git$X $@
+	ln $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	ln -s $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
+	cp $< $@
 
 common-cmds.h: ./generate-cmdlist.sh command-list.txt
 
 common-cmds.h: $(wildcard Documentation/git-*.txt)
 	$(QUIET_GEN)./generate-cmdlist.sh > $@+ && mv $@+ $@
 
+SCRIPT_DEFINES = $(SHELL_PATH_SQ):$(DIFF_SQ):$(GIT_VERSION):\
+	$(localedir_SQ):$(NO_CURL):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME):$(SANE_TOOL_PATH_SQ):\
+	$(gitwebdir_SQ):$(PERL_PATH_SQ)
 define cmd_munge_script
 $(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
     -e 's|@SHELL_PATH@|$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
     -e 's|@@DIFF@@|$(DIFF_SQ)|' \
-    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
     -e 's|@@LOCALEDIR@@|$(localedir_SQ)|g' \
     -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \
     -e 's/@@USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME@@/$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME)/g' \
     -e $(BROKEN_PATH_FIX) \
+    -e 's|@@GITWEBDIR@@|$(gitwebdir_SQ)|g' \
+    -e 's|@@PERL@@|$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|g' \
     $@.sh >$@+
 endef
 
-$(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) : % : %.sh
+GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(SCRIPT_DEFINES)'; \
+	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo >&2 "    * new script parameters"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >$@; \
+            fi
+
+
+$(SCRIPT_SH_GEN) : % : %.sh GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
-$(SCRIPT_LIB) : % : %.sh
+$(SCRIPT_LIB) : % : %.sh GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+git.res: git.rc GIT-VERSION-FILE
+	$(QUIET_RC)$(RC) \
+	  $(join -DMAJOR= -DMINOR=, $(wordlist 1,2,$(subst -, ,$(subst ., ,$(GIT_VERSION))))) \
+	  -DGIT_VERSION="\\\"$(GIT_VERSION)\\\"" $< -o $@
+
+# This makes sure we depend on the NO_PERL setting itself.
+$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN): GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+
 ifndef NO_PERL
-$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): perl/perl.mak
+$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN): perl/perl.mak
+
+perl/perl.mak: perl/PM.stamp
 
-perl/perl.mak: GIT-CFLAGS perl/Makefile perl/Makefile.PL
+perl/PM.stamp: FORCE
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(FIND) perl -type f -name '*.pm' | sort >$@+ && \
+	{ cmp $@+ $@ >/dev/null 2>/dev/null || mv $@+ $@; } && \
+	$(RM) $@+
+
+perl/perl.mak: GIT-CFLAGS GIT-PREFIX perl/Makefile perl/Makefile.PL
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)perl $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) PERL_PATH='$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' $(@F)
 
-$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): % : %.perl
+PERL_DEFINES = $(PERL_PATH_SQ):$(PERLLIB_EXTRA_SQ)
+$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN): % : %.perl perl/perl.mak GIT-PERL-DEFINES GIT-VERSION-FILE
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	INSTLIBDIR=`MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -C perl -s --no-print-directory instlibdir` && \
+	INSTLIBDIR_EXTRA='$(PERLLIB_EXTRA_SQ)' && \
+	INSTLIBDIR="$$INSTLIBDIR$${INSTLIBDIR_EXTRA:+:$$INSTLIBDIR_EXTRA}" && \
 	sed -e '1{' \
 	    -e '	s|#!.*perl|#!$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	    -e '	h' \
@@ -1963,27 +1761,28 @@ $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)): % : %.perl
 	    -e '	x' \
 	    -e '}' \
 	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    $@.perl >$@+ && \
+	    $< >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 
+GIT-PERL-DEFINES: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(PERL_DEFINES)'; \
+	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo >&2 "    * new perl-specific parameters"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >$@; \
+	    fi
+
 
 .PHONY: gitweb
 gitweb:
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)gitweb $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) all
 
-git-instaweb: git-instaweb.sh gitweb
-	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
-	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
-	    -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    -e 's/@@NO_CURL@@/$(NO_CURL)/g' \
-	    -e 's|@@GITWEBDIR@@|$(gitwebdir_SQ)|g' \
-	    -e 's|@@PERL@@|$(PERL_PATH_SQ)|g' \
-	    $@.sh > $@+ && \
+git-instaweb: git-instaweb.sh gitweb GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(cmd_munge_script) && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 else # NO_PERL
-$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) git-instaweb: % : unimplemented.sh
+$(SCRIPT_PERL_GEN) git-instaweb: % : unimplemented.sh
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	    -e 's|@@REASON@@|NO_PERL=$(NO_PERL)|g' \
@@ -1992,21 +1791,19 @@ $(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) git-instaweb: % : unimplemented.sh
 	mv $@+ $@
 endif # NO_PERL
 
+# This makes sure we depend on the NO_PYTHON setting itself.
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+
 ifndef NO_PYTHON
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): GIT-CFLAGS
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : %.py
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): GIT-CFLAGS GIT-PREFIX GIT-PYTHON-VARS
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): % : %.py
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
-	INSTLIBDIR=`MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers -s \
-		--no-print-directory prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' \
-		instlibdir` && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*python|#!$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)|' \
-	    -e 's|\(os\.getenv("GITPYTHONLIB"\)[^)]*)|\1,"@@INSTLIBDIR@@")|' \
-	    -e 's|@@INSTLIBDIR@@|'"$$INSTLIBDIR"'|g' \
-	    $@.py >$@+ && \
+	    $< >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
 	mv $@+ $@
 else # NO_PYTHON
-$(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : unimplemented.sh
+$(SCRIPT_PYTHON_GEN): % : unimplemented.sh
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' \
 	    -e 's|@@REASON@@|NO_PYTHON=$(NO_PYTHON)|g' \
@@ -2015,24 +1812,31 @@ $(patsubst %.py,%,$(SCRIPT_PYTHON)): % : unimplemented.sh
 	mv $@+ $@
 endif # NO_PYTHON
 
-configure: configure.ac
-	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $<+ && \
-	sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
-	    $< > $<+ && \
-	autoconf -o $@ $<+ && \
-	$(RM) $<+
-
-# These can record GIT_VERSION
-git.o git.spec \
-	$(patsubst %.sh,%,$(SCRIPT_SH)) \
-	$(patsubst %.perl,%,$(SCRIPT_PERL)) \
-	: GIT-VERSION-FILE
-
-TEST_OBJS := $(patsubst test-%$X,test-%.o,$(TEST_PROGRAMS))
-GIT_OBJS := $(LIB_OBJS) $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(PROGRAM_OBJS) $(TEST_OBJS) \
-	git.o
-ifndef NO_CURL
-	GIT_OBJS += http.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o
+CONFIGURE_RECIPE = $(RM) configure configure.ac+ && \
+		   sed -e 's/@@GIT_VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' \
+			configure.ac >configure.ac+ && \
+		   autoconf -o configure configure.ac+ && \
+		   $(RM) configure.ac+
+
+configure: configure.ac GIT-VERSION-FILE
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(CONFIGURE_RECIPE)
+
+ifdef AUTOCONFIGURED
+# We avoid depending on 'configure' here, because it gets rebuilt
+# every time GIT-VERSION-FILE is modified, only to update the embedded
+# version number string, which config.status does not care about.  We
+# do want to recheck when the platform/environment detection logic
+# changes, hence this depends on configure.ac.
+config.status: configure.ac
+	$(QUIET_GEN)$(CONFIGURE_RECIPE) && \
+	if test -f config.status; then \
+	  ./config.status --recheck; \
+	else \
+	  ./configure; \
+	fi
+reconfigure config.mak.autogen: config.status
+	$(QUIET_GEN)./config.status
+.PHONY: reconfigure # This is a convenience target.
 endif
 
 XDIFF_OBJS += xdiff/xdiffi.o
@@ -2050,9 +1854,14 @@ VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/fast_export.o
 VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/svndiff.o
 VCSSVN_OBJS += vcs-svn/svndump.o
 
-VCSSVN_TEST_OBJS += test-line-buffer.o
-
-OBJECTS := $(GIT_OBJS) $(XDIFF_OBJS) $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
+TEST_OBJS := $(patsubst test-%$X,test-%.o,$(TEST_PROGRAMS))
+OBJECTS := $(LIB_OBJS) $(BUILTIN_OBJS) $(PROGRAM_OBJS) $(TEST_OBJS) \
+	$(XDIFF_OBJS) \
+	$(VCSSVN_OBJS) \
+	git.o
+ifndef NO_CURL
+	OBJECTS += http.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o
+endif
 
 dep_files := $(foreach f,$(OBJECTS),$(dir $f).depend/$(notdir $f).d)
 dep_dirs := $(addsuffix .depend,$(sort $(dir $(OBJECTS))))
@@ -2063,30 +1872,14 @@ $(dep_dirs):
 
 missing_dep_dirs := $(filter-out $(wildcard $(dep_dirs)),$(dep_dirs))
 dep_file = $(dir $@).depend/$(notdir $@).d
-dep_args = -MF $(dep_file) -MMD -MP
-ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-$(error cannot compute header dependencies outside a normal build. \
-Please unset CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES and try again)
-endif
+dep_args = -MF $(dep_file) -MQ $@ -MMD -MP
 endif
 
 ifneq ($(COMPUTE_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES),yes)
-ifndef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 dep_dirs =
 missing_dep_dirs =
 dep_args =
 endif
-endif
-
-ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-ifndef PRINT_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-missing_deps = $(filter-out $(notdir $^), \
-	$(notdir $(shell $(MAKE) -s $@ \
-		CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES=YesPlease \
-		USE_COMPUTED_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES=YesPlease \
-		PRINT_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES=YesPlease)))
-endif
-endif
 
 ASM_SRC := $(wildcard $(OBJECTS:o=S))
 ASM_OBJ := $(ASM_SRC:S=o)
@@ -2094,48 +1887,13 @@ C_OBJ := $(filter-out $(ASM_OBJ),$(OBJECTS))
 
 .SUFFIXES:
 
-ifdef PRINT_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-$(C_OBJ): %.o: %.c FORCE
-	echo $^
-$(ASM_OBJ): %.o: %.S FORCE
-	echo $^
-
-ifndef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-$(error cannot print header dependencies during a normal build. \
-Please set CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES and try again)
-endif
-endif
-
-ifndef PRINT_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-ifdef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
-$(C_OBJ): %.o: %.c $(dep_files) FORCE
-	@set -e; echo CHECK $@; \
-	missing_deps="$(missing_deps)"; \
-	if test "$$missing_deps"; \
-	then \
-		echo missing dependencies: $$missing_deps; \
-		false; \
-	fi
-$(ASM_OBJ): %.o: %.S $(dep_files) FORCE
-	@set -e; echo CHECK $@; \
-	missing_deps="$(missing_deps)"; \
-	if test "$$missing_deps"; \
-	then \
-		echo missing dependencies: $$missing_deps; \
-		false; \
-	fi
-endif
-endif
-
-ifndef CHECK_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 $(C_OBJ): %.o: %.c GIT-CFLAGS $(missing_dep_dirs)
 	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -o $*.o -c $(dep_args) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) $<
 $(ASM_OBJ): %.o: %.S GIT-CFLAGS $(missing_dep_dirs)
 	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -o $*.o -c $(dep_args) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) $<
-endif
 
 %.s: %.c GIT-CFLAGS FORCE
-	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) $<
+	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -o $@ -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CPPFLAGS) $<
 
 ifdef USE_COMPUTED_HEADER_DEPENDENCIES
 # Take advantage of gcc's on-the-fly dependency generation
@@ -2151,65 +1909,34 @@ else
 # Dependencies on automatically generated headers such as common-cmds.h
 # should _not_ be included here, since they are necessary even when
 # building an object for the first time.
-#
-# XXX. Please check occasionally that these include all dependencies
-# gcc detects!
-
-$(GIT_OBJS): $(LIB_H)
-builtin/branch.o builtin/checkout.o builtin/clone.o builtin/reset.o branch.o transport.o: branch.h
-builtin/bundle.o bundle.o transport.o: bundle.h
-builtin/bisect--helper.o builtin/rev-list.o bisect.o: bisect.h
-builtin/clone.o builtin/fetch-pack.o transport.o: fetch-pack.h
-builtin/grep.o builtin/pack-objects.o transport-helper.o thread-utils.o: thread-utils.h
-builtin/send-pack.o transport.o: send-pack.h
-builtin/log.o builtin/shortlog.o: shortlog.h
-builtin/prune.o builtin/reflog.o reachable.o: reachable.h
-builtin/commit.o builtin/revert.o wt-status.o: wt-status.h
-builtin/tar-tree.o archive-tar.o: tar.h
-connect.o transport.o url.o http-backend.o: url.h
-http-fetch.o http-walker.o remote-curl.o transport.o walker.o: walker.h
-http.o http-walker.o http-push.o http-fetch.o remote-curl.o: http.h url.h
-
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xinclude.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xmacros.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xdiff.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xtypes.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xutils.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xprepare.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xdiffi.h
-XDIFF_H += xdiff/xemit.h
-
-xdiff-interface.o $(XDIFF_OBJS): $(XDIFF_H)
-
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/sliding_window.h
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/repo_tree.h
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/fast_export.h
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/svndiff.h
-VCSSVN_H += vcs-svn/svndump.h
-
-$(VCSSVN_OBJS) $(VCSSVN_TEST_OBJS): $(LIB_H) $(VCSSVN_H)
+
+$(OBJECTS): $(LIB_H)
 endif
 
+exec_cmd.sp exec_cmd.s exec_cmd.o: GIT-PREFIX
 exec_cmd.sp exec_cmd.s exec_cmd.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	'-DGIT_EXEC_PATH="$(gitexecdir_SQ)"' \
 	'-DBINDIR="$(bindir_relative_SQ)"' \
 	'-DPREFIX="$(prefix_SQ)"'
 
+builtin/init-db.sp builtin/init-db.s builtin/init-db.o: GIT-PREFIX
 builtin/init-db.sp builtin/init-db.s builtin/init-db.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DDEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR='"$(template_dir_SQ)"'
 
+config.sp config.s config.o: GIT-PREFIX
 config.sp config.s config.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DETC_GITCONFIG='"$(ETC_GITCONFIG_SQ)"'
 
+attr.sp attr.s attr.o: GIT-PREFIX
 attr.sp attr.s attr.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DETC_GITATTRIBUTES='"$(ETC_GITATTRIBUTES_SQ)"'
 
+gettext.sp gettext.s gettext.o: GIT-PREFIX
 gettext.sp gettext.s gettext.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DGIT_LOCALE_PATH='"$(localedir_SQ)"'
 
-http.sp http.s http.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
-	-DGIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT='"git/$(GIT_VERSION)"'
+http-push.sp http.sp http-walker.sp remote-curl.sp imap-send.sp: SPARSE_FLAGS += \
+	-DCURL_DISABLE_TYPECHECK
 
 ifdef NO_EXPAT
 http-walker.sp http-walker.s http-walker.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = -DNO_EXPAT
@@ -2223,22 +1950,27 @@ endif
 ifdef USE_NED_ALLOCATOR
 compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.sp compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.o: EXTRA_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-DNDEBUG -DOVERRIDE_STRDUP -DREPLACE_SYSTEM_ALLOCATOR
+compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.sp: SPARSE_FLAGS += -Wno-non-pointer-null
 endif
 
 git-%$X: %.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) $(LIBS)
 
-git-imap-send$X: imap-send.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
+git-imap-send$X: imap-send.o $(IMAP_SEND_BUILDDEPS) GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
-		$(LIBS) $(OPENSSL_LINK) $(OPENSSL_LIBSSL) $(LIB_4_CRYPTO)
+		$(LIBS) $(IMAP_SEND_LDFLAGS)
 
-git-http-fetch$X: revision.o http.o http-walker.o http-fetch.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
+git-http-fetch$X: http.o http-walker.o http-fetch.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
 		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL)
-git-http-push$X: revision.o http.o http-push.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
+git-http-push$X: http.o http-push.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS)
 	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) \
 		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT)
 
+git-remote-testsvn$X: remote-testsvn.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(filter %.o,$^) $(LIBS) \
+	$(VCSSVN_LIB)
+
 $(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES): $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY)
 	$(QUIET_LNCP)$(RM) $@ && \
 	ln $< $@ 2>/dev/null || \
@@ -2250,13 +1982,15 @@ $(REMOTE_CURL_PRIMARY): remote-curl.o http.o http-walker.o GIT-LDFLAGS $(GITLIBS
 		$(LIBS) $(CURL_LIBCURL) $(EXPAT_LIBEXPAT)
 
 $(LIB_FILE): $(LIB_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(LIB_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $^
 
 $(XDIFF_LIB): $(XDIFF_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(XDIFF_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $^
 
 $(VCSSVN_LIB): $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
-	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $(VCSSVN_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET_AR)$(RM) $@ && $(AR) rcs $@ $^
+
+export DEFAULT_EDITOR DEFAULT_PAGER
 
 doc:
 	$(MAKE) -C Documentation all
@@ -2275,16 +2009,17 @@ pdf:
 
 XGETTEXT_FLAGS = \
 	--force-po \
-	--add-comments \
+	--add-comments=TRANSLATORS: \
 	--msgid-bugs-address="Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>" \
 	--from-code=UTF-8
 XGETTEXT_FLAGS_C = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --language=C \
 	--keyword=_ --keyword=N_ --keyword="Q_:1,2"
-XGETTEXT_FLAGS_SH = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --language=Shell
+XGETTEXT_FLAGS_SH = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --language=Shell \
+	--keyword=gettextln --keyword=eval_gettextln
 XGETTEXT_FLAGS_PERL = $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS) --keyword=__ --language=Perl
-LOCALIZED_C := $(C_OBJ:o=c)
-LOCALIZED_SH := $(SCRIPT_SH)
-LOCALIZED_PERL := $(SCRIPT_PERL)
+LOCALIZED_C = $(C_OBJ:o=c) $(LIB_H) $(GENERATED_H)
+LOCALIZED_SH = $(SCRIPT_SH)
+LOCALIZED_PERL = $(SCRIPT_PERL)
 
 ifdef XGETTEXT_INCLUDE_TESTS
 LOCALIZED_C += t/t0200/test.c
@@ -2292,7 +2027,7 @@ LOCALIZED_SH += t/t0200/test.sh
 LOCALIZED_PERL += t/t0200/test.perl
 endif
 
-po/git.pot: $(LOCALIZED_C)
+po/git.pot: $(GENERATED_H) FORCE
 	$(QUIET_XGETTEXT)$(XGETTEXT) -o$@+ $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS_C) $(LOCALIZED_C)
 	$(QUIET_XGETTEXT)$(XGETTEXT) -o$@+ --join-existing $(XGETTEXT_FLAGS_SH) \
 		$(LOCALIZED_SH)
@@ -2329,14 +2064,22 @@ cscope:
 	$(FIND_SOURCE_FILES) | xargs cscope -b
 
 ### Detect prefix changes
-TRACK_CFLAGS = $(CC):$(subst ','\'',$(ALL_CFLAGS)):\
-             $(bindir_SQ):$(gitexecdir_SQ):$(template_dir_SQ):$(prefix_SQ):\
-             $(localedir_SQ):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME)
+TRACK_PREFIX = $(bindir_SQ):$(gitexecdir_SQ):$(template_dir_SQ):$(prefix_SQ):\
+		$(localedir_SQ)
+
+GIT-PREFIX: FORCE
+	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_PREFIX)'; \
+	if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-PREFIX 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+		echo >&2 "    * new prefix flags"; \
+		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-PREFIX; \
+	fi
+
+TRACK_CFLAGS = $(CC):$(subst ','\'',$(ALL_CFLAGS)):$(USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME)
 
 GIT-CFLAGS: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_CFLAGS)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-CFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new build flags or prefix"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new build flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-CFLAGS; \
             fi
 
@@ -2345,7 +2088,7 @@ TRACK_LDFLAGS = $(subst ','\'',$(ALL_LDFLAGS))
 GIT-LDFLAGS: FORCE
 	@FLAGS='$(TRACK_LDFLAGS)'; \
 	    if test x"$$FLAGS" != x"`cat GIT-LDFLAGS 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new link flags"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new link flags"; \
 		echo "$$FLAGS" >GIT-LDFLAGS; \
             fi
 
@@ -2363,6 +2106,9 @@ GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS: FORCE
 	@echo NO_PERL=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PERL)))'\' >>$@
 	@echo NO_PYTHON=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_PYTHON)))'\' >>$@
 	@echo NO_UNIX_SOCKETS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(NO_UNIX_SOCKETS)))'\' >>$@
+ifdef TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+	@echo TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)))'\' >>$@
+endif
 ifdef GIT_TEST_OPTS
 	@echo GIT_TEST_OPTS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_TEST_OPTS)))'\' >>$@
 endif
@@ -2386,15 +2132,18 @@ endif
 ifdef GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS
 	@echo GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS)))'\' >>$@
 endif
+ifdef TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION
+	@echo TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION=\''$(subst ','\'',$(subst ','\'',$(TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION)))'\' >>$@
+endif
 
-### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
-ifndef NO_TCLTK
-TRACK_VARS = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
+### Detect Python interpreter path changes
+ifndef NO_PYTHON
+TRACK_PYTHON = $(subst ','\'',-DPYTHON_PATH='$(PYTHON_PATH_SQ)')
 
-GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
-	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
+GIT-PYTHON-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_PYTHON)'; \
 	    if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new Python interpreter location"; \
 		echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
             fi
 endif
@@ -2402,6 +2151,7 @@ endif
 test_bindir_programs := $(patsubst %,bin-wrappers/%,$(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X) $(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NO_X) $(TEST_PROGRAMS_NEED_X))
 
 all:: $(TEST_PROGRAMS) $(test_bindir_programs)
+all:: $(NO_INSTALL)
 
 bin-wrappers/%: wrap-for-bin.sh
 	@mkdir -p bin-wrappers
@@ -2415,6 +2165,7 @@ bin-wrappers/%: wrap-for-bin.sh
 # with that.
 
 export NO_SVN_TESTS
+export TEST_NO_MALLOC_CHECK
 
 ### Testing rules
 
@@ -2465,9 +2216,6 @@ check: common-cmds.h
 		exit 1; \
 	fi
 
-remove-dashes:
-	./fixup-builtins $(BUILT_INS) $(PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPTS)
-
 ### Installation rules
 
 ifneq ($(filter /%,$(firstword $(template_dir))),)
@@ -2494,6 +2242,12 @@ mergetools_instdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(mergetools_instdir))
 
 install_bindir_programs := $(patsubst %,%$X,$(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NEED_X)) $(BINDIR_PROGRAMS_NO_X)
 
+profile-install: profile
+	$(MAKE) install
+
+profile-fast-install: profile-fast
+	$(MAKE) install
+
 install: all
 	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'
 	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)'
@@ -2512,9 +2266,6 @@ ifndef NO_PERL
 	$(MAKE) -C perl prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
 	$(MAKE) -C gitweb install
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers prefix='$(prefix_SQ)' DESTDIR='$(DESTDIR_SQ)' install
-endif
 ifndef NO_TCLTK
 	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git install
 	$(MAKE) -C git-gui gitexecdir='$(gitexec_instdir_SQ)' install
@@ -2528,19 +2279,21 @@ endif
 	{ test "$$bindir/" = "$$execdir/" || \
 	  for p in git$X $(filter $(install_bindir_programs),$(ALL_PROGRAMS)); do \
 		$(RM) "$$execdir/$$p" && \
-		test -z "$(NO_CROSS_DIRECTORY_HARDLINKS)" && \
+		test -z "$(NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS)$(NO_CROSS_DIRECTORY_HARDLINKS)" && \
 		ln "$$bindir/$$p" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		cp "$$bindir/$$p" "$$execdir/$$p" || exit; \
 	  done; \
 	} && \
 	for p in $(filter $(install_bindir_programs),$(BUILT_INS)); do \
 		$(RM) "$$bindir/$$p" && \
+		test -z "$(NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS)" && \
 		ln "$$bindir/git$X" "$$bindir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		ln -s "git$X" "$$bindir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		cp "$$bindir/git$X" "$$bindir/$$p" || exit; \
 	done && \
 	for p in $(BUILT_INS); do \
 		$(RM) "$$execdir/$$p" && \
+		test -z "$(NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS)" && \
 		ln "$$execdir/git$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		ln -s "git$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		cp "$$execdir/git$X" "$$execdir/$$p" || exit; \
@@ -2548,6 +2301,7 @@ endif
 	remote_curl_aliases="$(REMOTE_CURL_ALIASES)" && \
 	for p in $$remote_curl_aliases; do \
 		$(RM) "$$execdir/$$p" && \
+		test -z "$(NO_INSTALL_HARDLINKS)" && \
 		ln "$$execdir/git-remote-http$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		ln -s "git-remote-http$X" "$$execdir/$$p" 2>/dev/null || \
 		cp "$$execdir/git-remote-http$X" "$$execdir/$$p" || exit; \
@@ -2585,11 +2339,11 @@ quick-install-html:
 
 ### Maintainer's dist rules
 
-git.spec: git.spec.in
+git.spec: git.spec.in GIT-VERSION-FILE
 	sed -e 's/@@VERSION@@/$(GIT_VERSION)/g' < $< > $@+
 	mv $@+ $@
 
-GIT_TARNAME=git-$(GIT_VERSION)
+GIT_TARNAME = git-$(GIT_VERSION)
 dist: git.spec git-archive$(X) configure
 	./git-archive --format=tar \
 		--prefix=$(GIT_TARNAME)/ HEAD^{tree} > $(GIT_TARNAME).tar
@@ -2635,22 +2389,23 @@ dist-doc:
 
 distclean: clean
 	$(RM) configure
+	$(RM) config.log config.status config.cache
+	$(RM) config.mak.autogen config.mak.append
+	$(RM) -r autom4te.cache
 
 profile-clean:
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcda,$(addprefix $(PROFILE_DIR)/, $(object_dirs)))
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(addprefix $(PROFILE_DIR)/, $(object_dirs)))
 
-clean: profile-clean
-	$(RM) *.o block-sha1/*.o ppc/*.o compat/*.o compat/*/*.o xdiff/*.o vcs-svn/*.o \
-		builtin/*.o $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
+clean: profile-clean coverage-clean
+	$(RM) *.o *.res block-sha1/*.o ppc/*.o compat/*.o compat/*/*.o
+	$(RM) xdiff/*.o vcs-svn/*.o ewah/*.o builtin/*.o
+	$(RM) $(LIB_FILE) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(VCSSVN_LIB)
 	$(RM) $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git$X
-	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS)
-	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers
-	$(RM) -r $(dep_dirs)
+	$(RM) $(TEST_PROGRAMS) $(NO_INSTALL)
+	$(RM) -r bin-wrappers $(dep_dirs)
 	$(RM) -r po/build/
 	$(RM) *.spec *.pyc *.pyo */*.pyc */*.pyo common-cmds.h $(ETAGS_TARGET) tags cscope*
-	$(RM) -r autom4te.cache
-	$(RM) config.log config.mak.autogen config.mak.append config.status config.cache
 	$(RM) -r $(GIT_TARNAME) .doc-tmp-dir
 	$(RM) $(GIT_TARNAME).tar.gz git-core_$(GIT_VERSION)-*.tar.gz
 	$(RM) $(htmldocs).tar.gz $(manpages).tar.gz
@@ -2659,16 +2414,15 @@ ifndef NO_PERL
 	$(MAKE) -C gitweb clean
 	$(MAKE) -C perl clean
 endif
-ifndef NO_PYTHON
-	$(MAKE) -C git_remote_helpers clean
-endif
 	$(MAKE) -C templates/ clean
 	$(MAKE) -C t/ clean
 ifndef NO_TCLTK
 	$(MAKE) -C gitk-git clean
 	$(MAKE) -C git-gui clean
 endif
-	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-GUI-VARS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+	$(RM) GIT-VERSION-FILE GIT-CFLAGS GIT-LDFLAGS GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+	$(RM) GIT-USER-AGENT GIT-PREFIX
+	$(RM) GIT-SCRIPT-DEFINES GIT-PERL-DEFINES GIT-PYTHON-VARS
 
 .PHONY: all install profile-clean clean strip
 .PHONY: shell_compatibility_test please_set_SHELL_PATH_to_a_more_modern_shell
@@ -2676,8 +2430,13 @@ endif
 
 ### Check documentation
 #
+ALL_COMMANDS = $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS)
+ALL_COMMANDS += git
+ALL_COMMANDS += gitk
+ALL_COMMANDS += gitweb
+ALL_COMMANDS += git-gui git-citool
 check-docs::
-	@(for v in $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git gitk; \
+	@(for v in $(ALL_COMMANDS); \
 	do \
 		case "$$v" in \
 		git-merge-octopus | git-merge-ours | git-merge-recursive | \
@@ -2699,35 +2458,13 @@ check-docs::
 		sed -e '/^#/d' \
 		    -e 's/[ 	].*//' \
 		    -e 's/^/listed /' command-list.txt; \
-		ls -1 Documentation/git*txt | \
+		$(MAKE) -C Documentation print-man1 | \
+		grep '\.txt$$' | \
 		sed -e 's|Documentation/|documented |' \
 		    -e 's/\.txt//'; \
 	) | while read how cmd; \
 	do \
-		case "$$how,$$cmd" in \
-		*,git-citool | \
-		*,git-gui | \
-		*,git-help | \
-		documented,gitattributes | \
-		documented,gitignore | \
-		documented,gitmodules | \
-		documented,gitcli | \
-		documented,git-tools | \
-		documented,gitcore-tutorial | \
-		documented,gitcvs-migration | \
-		documented,gitdiffcore | \
-		documented,gitglossary | \
-		documented,githooks | \
-		documented,gitrepository-layout | \
-		documented,gitrevisions | \
-		documented,gittutorial | \
-		documented,gittutorial-2 | \
-		documented,git-bisect-lk2009 | \
-		documented,git-remote-helpers | \
-		documented,gitworkflows | \
-		sentinel,not,matching,is,ok ) continue ;; \
-		esac; \
-		case " $(ALL_PROGRAMS) $(SCRIPT_LIB) $(BUILT_INS) git gitk " in \
+		case " $(ALL_COMMANDS) " in \
 		*" $$cmd "*)	;; \
 		*) echo "removed but $$how: $$cmd" ;; \
 		esac; \
@@ -2740,29 +2477,34 @@ check-builtins::
 
 ### Test suite coverage testing
 #
-.PHONY: coverage coverage-clean coverage-build coverage-report
+.PHONY: coverage coverage-clean coverage-compile coverage-test coverage-report
+.PHONY: coverage-clean-results
 
 coverage:
-	$(MAKE) coverage-build
-	$(MAKE) coverage-report
+	$(MAKE) coverage-test
+	$(MAKE) coverage-untested-functions
 
 object_dirs := $(sort $(dir $(OBJECTS)))
-coverage-clean:
+coverage-clean-results:
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcov,$(object_dirs))
 	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcda,$(object_dirs))
-	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(object_dirs))
 	$(RM) coverage-untested-functions
 	$(RM) -r cover_db/
 	$(RM) -r cover_db_html/
 
+coverage-clean: coverage-clean-results
+	$(RM) $(addsuffix *.gcno,$(object_dirs))
+
 COVERAGE_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -O0 -ftest-coverage -fprofile-arcs
 COVERAGE_LDFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)  -O0 -lgcov
 GCOVFLAGS = --preserve-paths --branch-probabilities --all-blocks
 
-coverage-build: coverage-clean
+coverage-compile:
 	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_CFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_LDFLAGS)" all
+
+coverage-test: coverage-clean-results coverage-compile
 	$(MAKE) CFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_CFLAGS)" LDFLAGS="$(COVERAGE_LDFLAGS)" \
-		-j1 test
+		DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=test -j1 test
 
 coverage-report:
 	$(QUIET_GCOV)for dir in $(object_dirs); do \
diff --git a/README b/README
index d2690ec8dc..1083735d1c 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-	GIT - the stupid content tracker
+	Git - the stupid content tracker
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
@@ -19,14 +19,15 @@ Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
 and full access to internals.
 
-Git is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public License.
-It was originally written by Linus Torvalds with help of a group of
-hackers around the net. It is currently maintained by Junio C Hamano.
+Git is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public
+License version 2 (some parts of it are under different licenses,
+compatible with the GPLv2). It was originally written by Linus
+Torvalds with help of a group of hackers around the net.
 
 Please read the file INSTALL for installation instructions.
 
 See Documentation/gittutorial.txt to get started, then see
-Documentation/everyday.txt for a useful minimum set of commands, and
+Documentation/giteveryday.txt for a useful minimum set of commands, and
 Documentation/git-commandname.txt for documentation of each command.
 If git has been correctly installed, then the tutorial can also be
 read with "man gittutorial" or "git help tutorial", and the
@@ -46,11 +47,10 @@ requests, comments and patches to git@vger.kernel.org (read
 Documentation/SubmittingPatches for instructions on patch submission).
 To subscribe to the list, send an email with just "subscribe git" in
 the body to majordomo@vger.kernel.org. The mailing list archives are
-available at http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git and other archival
-sites.
-
-The messages titled "A note from the maintainer", "What's in
-git.git (stable)" and "What's cooking in git.git (topics)" and
-the discussion following them on the mailing list give a good
-reference for project status, development direction and
-remaining tasks.
+available at http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/,
+http://marc.info/?l=git and other archival sites.
+
+The maintainer frequently sends the "What's cooking" reports that
+list the current status of various development topics to the mailing
+list.  The discussion following them give a good reference for
+project status, development direction and remaining tasks.
diff --git a/RelNotes b/RelNotes
index 2c2a169555..1addbec925 120000
--- a/RelNotes
+++ b/RelNotes
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Documentation/RelNotes/1.7.10.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+Documentation/RelNotes/2.4.0.txt
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/abspath.c b/abspath.c
index f04ac18e33..5edb4e7816 100644
--- a/abspath.c
+++ b/abspath.c
@@ -15,129 +15,141 @@ int is_directory(const char *path)
 #define MAXDEPTH 5
 
 /*
- * Use this to get the real path, i.e. resolve links. If you want an
- * absolute path but don't mind links, use absolute_path.
+ * Return the real path (i.e., absolute path, with symlinks resolved
+ * and extra slashes removed) equivalent to the specified path.  (If
+ * you want an absolute path but don't mind links, use
+ * absolute_path().)  The return value is a pointer to a static
+ * buffer.
+ *
+ * The input and all intermediate paths must be shorter than MAX_PATH.
+ * The directory part of path (i.e., everything up to the last
+ * dir_sep) must denote a valid, existing directory, but the last
+ * component need not exist.  If die_on_error is set, then die with an
+ * informative error message if there is a problem.  Otherwise, return
+ * NULL on errors (without generating any output).
  *
  * If path is our buffer, then return path, as it's already what the
  * user wants.
  */
-const char *real_path(const char *path)
+static const char *real_path_internal(const char *path, int die_on_error)
 {
-	static char bufs[2][PATH_MAX + 1], *buf = bufs[0], *next_buf = bufs[1];
-	char cwd[1024] = "";
-	int buf_index = 1;
+	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *retval = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have to temporarily chdir(), store the original CWD
+	 * here so that we can chdir() back to it at the end of the
+	 * function:
+	 */
+	struct strbuf cwd = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
 	char *last_elem = NULL;
 	struct stat st;
 
 	/* We've already done it */
-	if (path == buf || path == next_buf)
+	if (path == sb.buf)
 		return path;
 
-	if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
-		die ("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
+	if (!*path) {
+		if (die_on_error)
+			die("The empty string is not a valid path");
+		else
+			goto error_out;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_addstr(&sb, path);
 
 	while (depth--) {
-		if (!is_directory(buf)) {
-			char *last_slash = find_last_dir_sep(buf);
+		if (!is_directory(sb.buf)) {
+			char *last_slash = find_last_dir_sep(sb.buf);
 			if (last_slash) {
-				*last_slash = '\0';
 				last_elem = xstrdup(last_slash + 1);
+				strbuf_setlen(&sb, last_slash - sb.buf + 1);
 			} else {
-				last_elem = xstrdup(buf);
-				*buf = '\0';
+				last_elem = xmemdupz(sb.buf, sb.len);
+				strbuf_reset(&sb);
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (*buf) {
-			if (!*cwd && !getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
-				die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
+		if (sb.len) {
+			if (!cwd.len && strbuf_getcwd(&cwd)) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Could not get current working directory");
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
 
-			if (chdir(buf))
-				die_errno ("Could not switch to '%s'", buf);
+			if (chdir(sb.buf)) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Could not switch to '%s'",
+						  sb.buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
+		}
+		if (strbuf_getcwd(&sb)) {
+			if (die_on_error)
+				die_errno("Could not get current working directory");
+			else
+				goto error_out;
 		}
-		if (!getcwd(buf, PATH_MAX))
-			die_errno ("Could not get current working directory");
 
 		if (last_elem) {
-			size_t len = strlen(buf);
-			if (len + strlen(last_elem) + 2 > PATH_MAX)
-				die ("Too long path name: '%s/%s'",
-						buf, last_elem);
-			if (len && !is_dir_sep(buf[len-1]))
-				buf[len++] = '/';
-			strcpy(buf + len, last_elem);
+			if (sb.len && !is_dir_sep(sb.buf[sb.len - 1]))
+				strbuf_addch(&sb, '/');
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, last_elem);
 			free(last_elem);
 			last_elem = NULL;
 		}
 
-		if (!lstat(buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
-			ssize_t len = readlink(buf, next_buf, PATH_MAX);
-			if (len < 0)
-				die_errno ("Invalid symlink '%s'", buf);
-			if (PATH_MAX <= len)
-				die("symbolic link too long: %s", buf);
-			next_buf[len] = '\0';
-			buf = next_buf;
-			buf_index = 1 - buf_index;
-			next_buf = bufs[buf_index];
+		if (!lstat(sb.buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+			struct strbuf next_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+			ssize_t len = strbuf_readlink(&next_sb, sb.buf, 0);
+			if (len < 0) {
+				if (die_on_error)
+					die_errno("Invalid symlink '%s'",
+						  sb.buf);
+				else
+					goto error_out;
+			}
+			strbuf_swap(&sb, &next_sb);
+			strbuf_release(&next_sb);
 		} else
 			break;
 	}
 
-	if (*cwd && chdir(cwd))
-		die_errno ("Could not change back to '%s'", cwd);
+	retval = sb.buf;
+error_out:
+	free(last_elem);
+	if (cwd.len && chdir(cwd.buf))
+		die_errno("Could not change back to '%s'", cwd.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&cwd);
 
-	return buf;
+	return retval;
 }
 
-static const char *get_pwd_cwd(void)
+const char *real_path(const char *path)
 {
-	static char cwd[PATH_MAX + 1];
-	char *pwd;
-	struct stat cwd_stat, pwd_stat;
-	if (getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX) == NULL)
-		return NULL;
-	pwd = getenv("PWD");
-	if (pwd && strcmp(pwd, cwd)) {
-		stat(cwd, &cwd_stat);
-		if ((cwd_stat.st_dev || cwd_stat.st_ino) &&
-		    !stat(pwd, &pwd_stat) &&
-		    pwd_stat.st_dev == cwd_stat.st_dev &&
-		    pwd_stat.st_ino == cwd_stat.st_ino) {
-			strlcpy(cwd, pwd, PATH_MAX);
-		}
-	}
-	return cwd;
+	return real_path_internal(path, 1);
+}
+
+const char *real_path_if_valid(const char *path)
+{
+	return real_path_internal(path, 0);
 }
 
 /*
  * Use this to get an absolute path from a relative one. If you want
  * to resolve links, you should use real_path.
- *
- * If the path is already absolute, then return path. As the user is
- * never meant to free the return value, we're safe.
  */
 const char *absolute_path(const char *path)
 {
-	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
-
-	if (is_absolute_path(path)) {
-		if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
-			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
-	} else {
-		size_t len;
-		const char *fmt;
-		const char *cwd = get_pwd_cwd();
-		if (!cwd)
-			die_errno("Cannot determine the current working directory");
-		len = strlen(cwd);
-		fmt = (len > 0 && is_dir_sep(cwd[len-1])) ? "%s%s" : "%s/%s";
-		if (snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, fmt, cwd, path) >= PATH_MAX)
-			die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
-	}
-	return buf;
+	static struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_reset(&sb);
+	strbuf_add_absolute_path(&sb, path);
+	return sb.buf;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -147,23 +159,25 @@ const char *absolute_path(const char *path)
  */
 const char *prefix_filename(const char *pfx, int pfx_len, const char *arg)
 {
-	static char path[PATH_MAX];
-#ifndef WIN32
+	static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	if (!pfx_len || is_absolute_path(arg))
 		return arg;
-	memcpy(path, pfx, pfx_len);
-	strcpy(path + pfx_len, arg);
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
+	strbuf_add(&path, pfx, pfx_len);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, arg);
 #else
 	char *p;
 	/* don't add prefix to absolute paths, but still replace '\' by '/' */
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
 	if (is_absolute_path(arg))
 		pfx_len = 0;
 	else if (pfx_len)
-		memcpy(path, pfx, pfx_len);
-	strcpy(path + pfx_len, arg);
-	for (p = path + pfx_len; *p; p++)
+		strbuf_add(&path, pfx, pfx_len);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, arg);
+	for (p = path.buf + pfx_len; *p; p++)
 		if (*p == '\\')
 			*p = '/';
 #endif
-	return path;
+	return path.buf;
 }
diff --git a/advice.c b/advice.c
index 01130e54e7..575bec20b3 100644
--- a/advice.c
+++ b/advice.c
@@ -1,22 +1,43 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-int advice_push_nonfastforward = 1;
+int advice_push_update_rejected = 1;
+int advice_push_non_ff_current = 1;
+int advice_push_non_ff_matching = 1;
+int advice_push_already_exists = 1;
+int advice_push_fetch_first = 1;
+int advice_push_needs_force = 1;
 int advice_status_hints = 1;
+int advice_status_u_option = 1;
 int advice_commit_before_merge = 1;
 int advice_resolve_conflict = 1;
 int advice_implicit_identity = 1;
 int advice_detached_head = 1;
+int advice_set_upstream_failure = 1;
+int advice_object_name_warning = 1;
+int advice_rm_hints = 1;
 
 static struct {
 	const char *name;
 	int *preference;
 } advice_config[] = {
-	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_nonfastforward },
+	{ "pushupdaterejected", &advice_push_update_rejected },
+	{ "pushnonffcurrent", &advice_push_non_ff_current },
+	{ "pushnonffmatching", &advice_push_non_ff_matching },
+	{ "pushalreadyexists", &advice_push_already_exists },
+	{ "pushfetchfirst", &advice_push_fetch_first },
+	{ "pushneedsforce", &advice_push_needs_force },
 	{ "statushints", &advice_status_hints },
+	{ "statusuoption", &advice_status_u_option },
 	{ "commitbeforemerge", &advice_commit_before_merge },
 	{ "resolveconflict", &advice_resolve_conflict },
 	{ "implicitidentity", &advice_implicit_identity },
 	{ "detachedhead", &advice_detached_head },
+	{ "setupstreamfailure", &advice_set_upstream_failure },
+	{ "objectnamewarning", &advice_object_name_warning },
+	{ "rmhints", &advice_rm_hints },
+
+	/* make this an alias for backward compatibility */
+	{ "pushnonfastforward", &advice_push_update_rejected }
 };
 
 void advise(const char *advice, ...)
@@ -26,7 +47,7 @@ void advise(const char *advice, ...)
 	const char *cp, *np;
 
 	va_start(params, advice);
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, advice, params);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, advice, params);
 	va_end(params);
 
 	for (cp = buf.buf; *cp; cp = np) {
@@ -40,9 +61,12 @@ void advise(const char *advice, ...)
 
 int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	const char *k = skip_prefix(var, "advice.");
+	const char *k;
 	int i;
 
+	if (!skip_prefix(var, "advice.", &k))
+		return 0;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(advice_config); i++) {
 		if (strcmp(k, advice_config[i].name))
 			continue;
@@ -55,16 +79,14 @@ int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 
 int error_resolve_conflict(const char *me)
 {
-	error("'%s' is not possible because you have unmerged files.", me);
+	error("%s is not possible because you have unmerged files.", me);
 	if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 		/*
 		 * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
 		 * other commands doing a merge do.
 		 */
-		advise(_("Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
-			 "and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
-			 "appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
-			 "or use 'git commit -a'."));
+		advise(_("Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+			 "as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."));
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -83,7 +105,7 @@ void detach_advice(const char *new_name)
 	"state without impacting any branches by performing another checkout.\n\n"
 	"If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may\n"
 	"do so (now or later) by using -b with the checkout command again. Example:\n\n"
-	"  git checkout -b new_branch_name\n\n";
+	"  git checkout -b <new-branch-name>\n\n";
 
 	fprintf(stderr, fmt, new_name);
 }
diff --git a/advice.h b/advice.h
index 7bda45b83e..5ecc6c154e 100644
--- a/advice.h
+++ b/advice.h
@@ -3,14 +3,24 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 
-extern int advice_push_nonfastforward;
+extern int advice_push_update_rejected;
+extern int advice_push_non_ff_current;
+extern int advice_push_non_ff_matching;
+extern int advice_push_already_exists;
+extern int advice_push_fetch_first;
+extern int advice_push_needs_force;
 extern int advice_status_hints;
+extern int advice_status_u_option;
 extern int advice_commit_before_merge;
 extern int advice_resolve_conflict;
 extern int advice_implicit_identity;
 extern int advice_detached_head;
+extern int advice_set_upstream_failure;
+extern int advice_object_name_warning;
+extern int advice_rm_hints;
 
 int git_default_advice_config(const char *var, const char *value);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 void advise(const char *advice, ...);
 int error_resolve_conflict(const char *me);
 extern void NORETURN die_resolve_conflict(const char *me);
diff --git a/alias.c b/alias.c
index eb9f08b912..6aa164a362 100644
--- a/alias.c
+++ b/alias.c
@@ -1,25 +1,13 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-static const char *alias_key;
-static char *alias_val;
-
-static int alias_lookup_cb(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
-{
-	if (!prefixcmp(k, "alias.") && !strcmp(k+6, alias_key)) {
-		if (!v)
-			return config_error_nonbool(k);
-		alias_val = xstrdup(v);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 char *alias_lookup(const char *alias)
 {
-	alias_key = alias;
-	alias_val = NULL;
-	git_config(alias_lookup_cb, NULL);
-	return alias_val;
+	char *v = NULL;
+	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&key, "alias.%s", alias);
+	git_config_get_string(key.buf, &v);
+	strbuf_release(&key);
+	return v;
 }
 
 #define SPLIT_CMDLINE_BAD_ENDING 1
@@ -34,7 +22,7 @@ int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
 	int src, dst, count = 0, size = 16;
 	char quoted = 0;
 
-	*argv = xmalloc(sizeof(char *) * size);
+	*argv = xmalloc(sizeof(**argv) * size);
 
 	/* split alias_string */
 	(*argv)[count++] = cmdline;
@@ -45,7 +33,7 @@ int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
 			while (cmdline[++src]
 					&& isspace(cmdline[src]))
 				; /* skip */
-			ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count+1, size);
+			ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count + 1, size);
 			(*argv)[count++] = cmdline + dst;
 		} else if (!quoted && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
 			quoted = c;
@@ -76,12 +64,13 @@ int split_cmdline(char *cmdline, const char ***argv)
 		return -SPLIT_CMDLINE_UNCLOSED_QUOTE;
 	}
 
-	ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count+1, size);
+	ALLOC_GROW(*argv, count + 1, size);
 	(*argv)[count] = NULL;
 
 	return count;
 }
 
-const char *split_cmdline_strerror(int split_cmdline_errno) {
-	return split_cmdline_errors[-split_cmdline_errno-1];
+const char *split_cmdline_strerror(int split_cmdline_errno)
+{
+	return split_cmdline_errors[-split_cmdline_errno - 1];
 }
diff --git a/alloc.c b/alloc.c
index aeae55c976..12afadfacd 100644
--- a/alloc.c
+++ b/alloc.c
@@ -18,25 +18,6 @@
 
 #define BLOCKING 1024
 
-#define DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(name, type)				\
-static unsigned int name##_allocs;				\
-void *alloc_##name##_node(void)					\
-{								\
-	static int nr;						\
-	static type *block;					\
-	void *ret;						\
-								\
-	if (!nr) {						\
-		nr = BLOCKING;					\
-		block = xmalloc(BLOCKING * sizeof(type));	\
-	}							\
-	nr--;							\
-	name##_allocs++;					\
-	ret = block++;						\
-	memset(ret, 0, sizeof(type));				\
-	return ret;						\
-}
-
 union any_object {
 	struct object object;
 	struct blob blob;
@@ -45,11 +26,75 @@ union any_object {
 	struct tag tag;
 };
 
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(blob, struct blob)
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(tree, struct tree)
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(commit, struct commit)
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(tag, struct tag)
-DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(object, union any_object)
+struct alloc_state {
+	int count; /* total number of nodes allocated */
+	int nr;    /* number of nodes left in current allocation */
+	void *p;   /* first free node in current allocation */
+};
+
+static inline void *alloc_node(struct alloc_state *s, size_t node_size)
+{
+	void *ret;
+
+	if (!s->nr) {
+		s->nr = BLOCKING;
+		s->p = xmalloc(BLOCKING * node_size);
+	}
+	s->nr--;
+	s->count++;
+	ret = s->p;
+	s->p = (char *)s->p + node_size;
+	memset(ret, 0, node_size);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct alloc_state blob_state;
+void *alloc_blob_node(void)
+{
+	struct blob *b = alloc_node(&blob_state, sizeof(struct blob));
+	b->object.type = OBJ_BLOB;
+	return b;
+}
+
+static struct alloc_state tree_state;
+void *alloc_tree_node(void)
+{
+	struct tree *t = alloc_node(&tree_state, sizeof(struct tree));
+	t->object.type = OBJ_TREE;
+	return t;
+}
+
+static struct alloc_state tag_state;
+void *alloc_tag_node(void)
+{
+	struct tag *t = alloc_node(&tag_state, sizeof(struct tag));
+	t->object.type = OBJ_TAG;
+	return t;
+}
+
+static struct alloc_state object_state;
+void *alloc_object_node(void)
+{
+	struct object *obj = alloc_node(&object_state, sizeof(union any_object));
+	obj->type = OBJ_NONE;
+	return obj;
+}
+
+static struct alloc_state commit_state;
+
+unsigned int alloc_commit_index(void)
+{
+	static unsigned int count;
+	return count++;
+}
+
+void *alloc_commit_node(void)
+{
+	struct commit *c = alloc_node(&commit_state, sizeof(struct commit));
+	c->object.type = OBJ_COMMIT;
+	c->index = alloc_commit_index();
+	return c;
+}
 
 static void report(const char *name, unsigned int count, size_t size)
 {
@@ -57,13 +102,14 @@ static void report(const char *name, unsigned int count, size_t size)
 			name, count, (uintmax_t) size);
 }
 
-#define REPORT(name)	\
-    report(#name, name##_allocs, name##_allocs*sizeof(struct name) >> 10)
+#define REPORT(name, type)	\
+    report(#name, name##_state.count, name##_state.count * sizeof(type) >> 10)
 
 void alloc_report(void)
 {
-	REPORT(blob);
-	REPORT(tree);
-	REPORT(commit);
-	REPORT(tag);
+	REPORT(blob, struct blob);
+	REPORT(tree, struct tree);
+	REPORT(commit, struct commit);
+	REPORT(tag, struct tag);
+	REPORT(object, union any_object);
 }
diff --git a/archive-tar.c b/archive-tar.c
index 20af0051a3..0d1e6bd754 100644
--- a/archive-tar.c
+++ b/archive-tar.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "tar.h"
 #include "archive.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 
 #define RECORDSIZE	(512)
@@ -30,10 +31,9 @@ static void write_if_needed(void)
  * queues up writes, so that all our write(2) calls write exactly one
  * full block; pads writes to RECORDSIZE
  */
-static void write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
+static void do_write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
 {
 	const char *buf = data;
-	unsigned long tail;
 
 	if (offset) {
 		unsigned long chunk = BLOCKSIZE - offset;
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@ static void write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
 		memcpy(block + offset, buf, size);
 		offset += size;
 	}
+}
+
+static void finish_record(void)
+{
+	unsigned long tail;
 	tail = offset % RECORDSIZE;
 	if (tail)  {
 		memset(block + offset, 0, RECORDSIZE - tail);
@@ -62,6 +67,12 @@ static void write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
 	write_if_needed();
 }
 
+static void write_blocked(const void *data, unsigned long size)
+{
+	do_write_blocked(data, size);
+	finish_record();
+}
+
 /*
  * The end of tar archives is marked by 2*512 nul bytes and after that
  * follows the rest of the block (if any).
@@ -78,6 +89,33 @@ static void write_trailer(void)
 }
 
 /*
+ * queues up writes, so that all our write(2) calls write exactly one
+ * full block; pads writes to RECORDSIZE
+ */
+static int stream_blocked(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct git_istream *st;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	char buf[BLOCKSIZE];
+	ssize_t readlen;
+
+	st = open_istream(sha1, &type, &sz, NULL);
+	if (!st)
+		return error("cannot stream blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	for (;;) {
+		readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		if (readlen <= 0)
+			break;
+		do_write_blocked(buf, readlen);
+	}
+	close_istream(st);
+	if (!readlen)
+		finish_record();
+	return readlen;
+}
+
+/*
  * pax extended header records have the format "%u %s=%s\n".  %u contains
  * the size of the whole string (including the %u), the first %s is the
  * keyword, the second one is the value.  This function constructs such a
@@ -101,13 +139,13 @@ static void strbuf_append_ext_header(struct strbuf *sb, const char *keyword,
 
 static unsigned int ustar_header_chksum(const struct ustar_header *header)
 {
-	char *p = (char *)header;
+	const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)header;
 	unsigned int chksum = 0;
-	while (p < header->chksum)
+	while (p < (const unsigned char *)header->chksum)
 		chksum += *p++;
 	chksum += sizeof(header->chksum) * ' ';
 	p += sizeof(header->chksum);
-	while (p < (char *)header + sizeof(struct ustar_header))
+	while (p < (const unsigned char *)header + sizeof(struct ustar_header))
 		chksum += *p++;
 	return chksum;
 }
@@ -115,6 +153,8 @@ static unsigned int ustar_header_chksum(const struct ustar_header *header)
 static size_t get_path_prefix(const char *path, size_t pathlen, size_t maxlen)
 {
 	size_t i = pathlen;
+	if (i > 1 && path[i - 1] == '/')
+		i--;
 	if (i > maxlen)
 		i = maxlen;
 	do {
@@ -123,56 +163,101 @@ static size_t get_path_prefix(const char *path, size_t pathlen, size_t maxlen)
 	return i;
 }
 
+static void prepare_header(struct archiver_args *args,
+			   struct ustar_header *header,
+			   unsigned int mode, unsigned long size)
+{
+	sprintf(header->mode, "%07o", mode & 07777);
+	sprintf(header->size, "%011lo", S_ISREG(mode) ? size : 0);
+	sprintf(header->mtime, "%011lo", (unsigned long) args->time);
+
+	sprintf(header->uid, "%07o", 0);
+	sprintf(header->gid, "%07o", 0);
+	strlcpy(header->uname, "root", sizeof(header->uname));
+	strlcpy(header->gname, "root", sizeof(header->gname));
+	sprintf(header->devmajor, "%07o", 0);
+	sprintf(header->devminor, "%07o", 0);
+
+	memcpy(header->magic, "ustar", 6);
+	memcpy(header->version, "00", 2);
+
+	sprintf(header->chksum, "%07o", ustar_header_chksum(header));
+}
+
+static int write_extended_header(struct archiver_args *args,
+				 const unsigned char *sha1,
+				 const void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct ustar_header header;
+	unsigned int mode;
+	memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
+	*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_EXT_HEADER;
+	mode = 0100666;
+	sprintf(header.name, "%s.paxheader", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	prepare_header(args, &header, mode, size);
+	write_blocked(&header, sizeof(header));
+	write_blocked(buffer, size);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int write_tar_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, size_t pathlen,
-		unsigned int mode, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+			   const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   const char *path, size_t pathlen,
+			   unsigned int mode)
 {
 	struct ustar_header header;
 	struct strbuf ext_header = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned int old_mode = mode;
+	unsigned long size;
+	void *buffer;
 	int err = 0;
 
 	memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
 
-	if (!sha1) {
-		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
-		mode = 0100666;
-		strcpy(header.name, "pax_global_header");
-	} else if (!path) {
-		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_EXT_HEADER;
-		mode = 0100666;
-		sprintf(header.name, "%s.paxheader", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
+		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_DIR;
+		mode = (mode | 0777) & ~tar_umask;
+	} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_LNK;
+		mode |= 0777;
+	} else if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
+		*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_REG;
+		mode = (mode | ((mode & 0100) ? 0777 : 0666)) & ~tar_umask;
 	} else {
-		if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
-			*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_DIR;
-			mode = (mode | 0777) & ~tar_umask;
-		} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
-			*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_LNK;
-			mode |= 0777;
-		} else if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
-			*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_REG;
-			mode = (mode | ((mode & 0100) ? 0777 : 0666)) & ~tar_umask;
+		return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)",
+			     mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	if (pathlen > sizeof(header.name)) {
+		size_t plen = get_path_prefix(path, pathlen,
+					      sizeof(header.prefix));
+		size_t rest = pathlen - plen - 1;
+		if (plen > 0 && rest <= sizeof(header.name)) {
+			memcpy(header.prefix, path, plen);
+				memcpy(header.name, path + plen + 1, rest);
 		} else {
-			return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)",
-					mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			sprintf(header.name, "%s.data",
+				sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			strbuf_append_ext_header(&ext_header, "path",
+						 path, pathlen);
 		}
-		if (pathlen > sizeof(header.name)) {
-			size_t plen = get_path_prefix(path, pathlen,
-					sizeof(header.prefix));
-			size_t rest = pathlen - plen - 1;
-			if (plen > 0 && rest <= sizeof(header.name)) {
-				memcpy(header.prefix, path, plen);
-				memcpy(header.name, path + plen + 1, rest);
-			} else {
-				sprintf(header.name, "%s.data",
-				        sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-				strbuf_append_ext_header(&ext_header, "path",
-						path, pathlen);
-			}
-		} else
-			memcpy(header.name, path, pathlen);
+	} else
+		memcpy(header.name, path, pathlen);
+
+	if (S_ISREG(mode) && !args->convert &&
+	    sha1_object_info(sha1, &size) == OBJ_BLOB &&
+	    size > big_file_threshold)
+		buffer = NULL;
+	else if (S_ISLNK(mode) || S_ISREG(mode)) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		buffer = sha1_file_to_archive(args, path, sha1, old_mode, &type, &size);
+		if (!buffer)
+			return error("cannot read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	} else {
+		buffer = NULL;
+		size = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (S_ISLNK(mode) && buffer) {
+	if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
 		if (size > sizeof(header.linkname)) {
 			sprintf(header.linkname, "see %s.paxheader",
 			        sha1_to_hex(sha1));
@@ -182,32 +267,25 @@ static int write_tar_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 			memcpy(header.linkname, buffer, size);
 	}
 
-	sprintf(header.mode, "%07o", mode & 07777);
-	sprintf(header.size, "%011lo", S_ISREG(mode) ? size : 0);
-	sprintf(header.mtime, "%011lo", (unsigned long) args->time);
-
-	sprintf(header.uid, "%07o", 0);
-	sprintf(header.gid, "%07o", 0);
-	strlcpy(header.uname, "root", sizeof(header.uname));
-	strlcpy(header.gname, "root", sizeof(header.gname));
-	sprintf(header.devmajor, "%07o", 0);
-	sprintf(header.devminor, "%07o", 0);
-
-	memcpy(header.magic, "ustar", 6);
-	memcpy(header.version, "00", 2);
-
-	sprintf(header.chksum, "%07o", ustar_header_chksum(&header));
+	prepare_header(args, &header, mode, size);
 
 	if (ext_header.len > 0) {
-		err = write_tar_entry(args, sha1, NULL, 0, 0, ext_header.buf,
-				ext_header.len);
-		if (err)
+		err = write_extended_header(args, sha1, ext_header.buf,
+					    ext_header.len);
+		if (err) {
+			free(buffer);
 			return err;
+		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&ext_header);
 	write_blocked(&header, sizeof(header));
-	if (S_ISREG(mode) && buffer && size > 0)
-		write_blocked(buffer, size);
+	if (S_ISREG(mode) && size > 0) {
+		if (buffer)
+			write_blocked(buffer, size);
+		else
+			err = stream_blocked(sha1);
+	}
+	free(buffer);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -215,11 +293,18 @@ static int write_global_extended_header(struct archiver_args *args)
 {
 	const unsigned char *sha1 = args->commit_sha1;
 	struct strbuf ext_header = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int err;
+	struct ustar_header header;
+	unsigned int mode;
+	int err = 0;
 
 	strbuf_append_ext_header(&ext_header, "comment", sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
-	err = write_tar_entry(args, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, ext_header.buf,
-			ext_header.len);
+	memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
+	*header.typeflag = TYPEFLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
+	mode = 0100666;
+	strcpy(header.name, "pax_global_header");
+	prepare_header(args, &header, mode, ext_header.len);
+	write_blocked(&header, sizeof(header));
+	write_blocked(ext_header.buf, ext_header.len);
 	strbuf_release(&ext_header);
 	return err;
 }
@@ -242,21 +327,13 @@ static struct archiver *find_tar_filter(const char *name, int len)
 static int tar_filter_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
 {
 	struct archiver *ar;
-	const char *dot;
 	const char *name;
 	const char *type;
 	int namelen;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "tar."))
-		return 0;
-	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
-	if (dot == var + 9)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "tar", &name, &namelen, &type) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
-	name = var + 4;
-	namelen = dot - name;
-	type = dot + 1;
-
 	ar = find_tar_filter(name, namelen);
 	if (!ar) {
 		ar = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ar));
@@ -318,7 +395,7 @@ static int write_tar_filter_archive(const struct archiver *ar,
 				    struct archiver_args *args)
 {
 	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct child_process filter;
+	struct child_process filter = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[2];
 	int r;
 
@@ -329,7 +406,6 @@ static int write_tar_filter_archive(const struct archiver *ar,
 	if (args->compression_level >= 0)
 		strbuf_addf(&cmd, " -%d", args->compression_level);
 
-	memset(&filter, 0, sizeof(filter));
 	argv[0] = cmd.buf;
 	argv[1] = NULL;
 	filter.argv = argv;
diff --git a/archive-zip.c b/archive-zip.c
index 02d1f3787a..ffb3535e93 100644
--- a/archive-zip.c
+++ b/archive-zip.c
@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "archive.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
 
 static int zip_date;
 static int zip_time;
@@ -15,6 +19,8 @@ static unsigned int zip_dir_offset;
 static unsigned int zip_dir_entries;
 
 #define ZIP_DIRECTORY_MIN_SIZE	(1024 * 1024)
+#define ZIP_STREAM	(1 <<  3)
+#define ZIP_UTF8	(1 << 11)
 
 struct zip_local_header {
 	unsigned char magic[4];
@@ -31,6 +37,14 @@ struct zip_local_header {
 	unsigned char _end[1];
 };
 
+struct zip_data_desc {
+	unsigned char magic[4];
+	unsigned char crc32[4];
+	unsigned char compressed_size[4];
+	unsigned char size[4];
+	unsigned char _end[1];
+};
+
 struct zip_dir_header {
 	unsigned char magic[4];
 	unsigned char creator_version[2];
@@ -64,14 +78,26 @@ struct zip_dir_trailer {
 	unsigned char _end[1];
 };
 
+struct zip_extra_mtime {
+	unsigned char magic[2];
+	unsigned char extra_size[2];
+	unsigned char flags[1];
+	unsigned char mtime[4];
+	unsigned char _end[1];
+};
+
 /*
  * On ARM, padding is added at the end of the struct, so a simple
  * sizeof(struct ...) reports two bytes more than the payload size
  * we're interested in.
  */
 #define ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_local_header, _end)
+#define ZIP_DATA_DESC_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_data_desc, _end)
 #define ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_dir_header, _end)
 #define ZIP_DIR_TRAILER_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_dir_trailer, _end)
+#define ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE	offsetof(struct zip_extra_mtime, _end)
+#define ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_PAYLOAD_SIZE \
+	(ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE - offsetof(struct zip_extra_mtime, flags))
 
 static void copy_le16(unsigned char *dest, unsigned int n)
 {
@@ -87,16 +113,16 @@ static void copy_le32(unsigned char *dest, unsigned int n)
 	dest[3] = 0xff & (n >> 030);
 }
 
-static void *zlib_deflate(void *data, unsigned long size,
-		int compression_level, unsigned long *compressed_size)
+static void *zlib_deflate_raw(void *data, unsigned long size,
+			      int compression_level,
+			      unsigned long *compressed_size)
 {
 	git_zstream stream;
 	unsigned long maxsize;
 	void *buffer;
 	int result;
 
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
-	git_deflate_init(&stream, compression_level);
+	git_deflate_init_raw(&stream, compression_level);
 	maxsize = git_deflate_bound(&stream, size);
 	buffer = xmalloc(maxsize);
 
@@ -120,23 +146,93 @@ static void *zlib_deflate(void *data, unsigned long size,
 	return buffer;
 }
 
+static void write_zip_data_desc(unsigned long size,
+				unsigned long compressed_size,
+				unsigned long crc)
+{
+	struct zip_data_desc trailer;
+
+	copy_le32(trailer.magic, 0x08074b50);
+	copy_le32(trailer.crc32, crc);
+	copy_le32(trailer.compressed_size, compressed_size);
+	copy_le32(trailer.size, size);
+	write_or_die(1, &trailer, ZIP_DATA_DESC_SIZE);
+}
+
+static void set_zip_dir_data_desc(struct zip_dir_header *header,
+				  unsigned long size,
+				  unsigned long compressed_size,
+				  unsigned long crc)
+{
+	copy_le32(header->crc32, crc);
+	copy_le32(header->compressed_size, compressed_size);
+	copy_le32(header->size, size);
+}
+
+static void set_zip_header_data_desc(struct zip_local_header *header,
+				     unsigned long size,
+				     unsigned long compressed_size,
+				     unsigned long crc)
+{
+	copy_le32(header->crc32, crc);
+	copy_le32(header->compressed_size, compressed_size);
+	copy_le32(header->size, size);
+}
+
+static int has_only_ascii(const char *s)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		int c = *s++;
+		if (c == '\0')
+			return 1;
+		if (!isascii(c))
+			return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+static int entry_is_binary(const char *path, const void *buffer, size_t size)
+{
+	struct userdiff_driver *driver = userdiff_find_by_path(path);
+	if (!driver)
+		driver = userdiff_find_by_name("default");
+	if (driver->binary != -1)
+		return driver->binary;
+	return buffer_is_binary(buffer, size);
+}
+
+#define STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE (1024 * 16)
+
 static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, size_t pathlen,
-		unsigned int mode, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+			   const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   const char *path, size_t pathlen,
+			   unsigned int mode)
 {
 	struct zip_local_header header;
 	struct zip_dir_header dirent;
+	struct zip_extra_mtime extra;
 	unsigned long attr2;
 	unsigned long compressed_size;
-	unsigned long uncompressed_size;
 	unsigned long crc;
 	unsigned long direntsize;
 	int method;
 	unsigned char *out;
 	void *deflated = NULL;
+	void *buffer;
+	struct git_istream *stream = NULL;
+	unsigned long flags = 0;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int is_binary = -1;
+	const char *path_without_prefix = path + args->baselen;
 
 	crc = crc32(0, NULL, 0);
 
+	if (!has_only_ascii(path)) {
+		if (is_utf8(path))
+			flags |= ZIP_UTF8;
+		else
+			warning("Path is not valid UTF-8: %s", path);
+	}
+
 	if (pathlen > 0xffff) {
 		return error("path too long (%d chars, SHA1: %s): %s",
 				(int)pathlen, sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
@@ -146,39 +242,61 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 		method = 0;
 		attr2 = 16;
 		out = NULL;
-		uncompressed_size = 0;
+		size = 0;
 		compressed_size = 0;
+		buffer = NULL;
 	} else if (S_ISREG(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
+
 		method = 0;
 		attr2 = S_ISLNK(mode) ? ((mode | 0777) << 16) :
 			(mode & 0111) ? ((mode) << 16) : 0;
-		if (S_ISREG(mode) && args->compression_level != 0)
+		if (S_ISREG(mode) && args->compression_level != 0 && size > 0)
 			method = 8;
-		crc = crc32(crc, buffer, size);
-		out = buffer;
-		uncompressed_size = size;
-		compressed_size = size;
+
+		if (S_ISREG(mode) && type == OBJ_BLOB && !args->convert &&
+		    size > big_file_threshold) {
+			stream = open_istream(sha1, &type, &size, NULL);
+			if (!stream)
+				return error("cannot stream blob %s",
+					     sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			flags |= ZIP_STREAM;
+			out = buffer = NULL;
+		} else {
+			buffer = sha1_file_to_archive(args, path, sha1, mode,
+						      &type, &size);
+			if (!buffer)
+				return error("cannot read %s",
+					     sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			crc = crc32(crc, buffer, size);
+			is_binary = entry_is_binary(path_without_prefix,
+						    buffer, size);
+			out = buffer;
+		}
+		compressed_size = (method == 0) ? size : 0;
 	} else {
 		return error("unsupported file mode: 0%o (SHA1: %s)", mode,
 				sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
 
-	if (method == 8) {
-		deflated = zlib_deflate(buffer, size, args->compression_level,
-				&compressed_size);
-		if (deflated && compressed_size - 6 < size) {
-			/* ZLIB --> raw compressed data (see RFC 1950) */
-			/* CMF and FLG ... */
-			out = (unsigned char *)deflated + 2;
-			compressed_size -= 6;	/* ... and ADLER32 */
-		} else {
+	if (buffer && method == 8) {
+		out = deflated = zlib_deflate_raw(buffer, size,
+						  args->compression_level,
+						  &compressed_size);
+		if (!out || compressed_size >= size) {
+			out = buffer;
 			method = 0;
 			compressed_size = size;
 		}
 	}
 
+	copy_le16(extra.magic, 0x5455);
+	copy_le16(extra.extra_size, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+	extra.flags[0] = 1;	/* just mtime */
+	copy_le32(extra.mtime, args->time);
+
 	/* make sure we have enough free space in the dictionary */
-	direntsize = ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE + pathlen;
+	direntsize = ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE + pathlen + ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE;
 	while (zip_dir_size < zip_dir_offset + direntsize) {
 		zip_dir_size += ZIP_DIRECTORY_MIN_SIZE;
 		zip_dir = xrealloc(zip_dir, zip_dir_size);
@@ -188,47 +306,133 @@ static int write_zip_entry(struct archiver_args *args,
 	copy_le16(dirent.creator_version,
 		S_ISLNK(mode) || (S_ISREG(mode) && (mode & 0111)) ? 0x0317 : 0);
 	copy_le16(dirent.version, 10);
-	copy_le16(dirent.flags, 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.flags, flags);
 	copy_le16(dirent.compression_method, method);
 	copy_le16(dirent.mtime, zip_time);
 	copy_le16(dirent.mdate, zip_date);
-	copy_le32(dirent.crc32, crc);
-	copy_le32(dirent.compressed_size, compressed_size);
-	copy_le32(dirent.size, uncompressed_size);
+	set_zip_dir_data_desc(&dirent, size, compressed_size, crc);
 	copy_le16(dirent.filename_length, pathlen);
-	copy_le16(dirent.extra_length, 0);
+	copy_le16(dirent.extra_length, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
 	copy_le16(dirent.comment_length, 0);
 	copy_le16(dirent.disk, 0);
-	copy_le16(dirent.attr1, 0);
 	copy_le32(dirent.attr2, attr2);
 	copy_le32(dirent.offset, zip_offset);
-	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, &dirent, ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE);
-	zip_dir_offset += ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE;
-	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, path, pathlen);
-	zip_dir_offset += pathlen;
-	zip_dir_entries++;
 
 	copy_le32(header.magic, 0x04034b50);
 	copy_le16(header.version, 10);
-	copy_le16(header.flags, 0);
+	copy_le16(header.flags, flags);
 	copy_le16(header.compression_method, method);
 	copy_le16(header.mtime, zip_time);
 	copy_le16(header.mdate, zip_date);
-	copy_le32(header.crc32, crc);
-	copy_le32(header.compressed_size, compressed_size);
-	copy_le32(header.size, uncompressed_size);
+	set_zip_header_data_desc(&header, size, compressed_size, crc);
 	copy_le16(header.filename_length, pathlen);
-	copy_le16(header.extra_length, 0);
+	copy_le16(header.extra_length, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
 	write_or_die(1, &header, ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE);
 	zip_offset += ZIP_LOCAL_HEADER_SIZE;
 	write_or_die(1, path, pathlen);
 	zip_offset += pathlen;
-	if (compressed_size > 0) {
+	write_or_die(1, &extra, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
+	zip_offset += ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE;
+	if (stream && method == 0) {
+		unsigned char buf[STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE];
+		ssize_t readlen;
+
+		for (;;) {
+			readlen = read_istream(stream, buf, sizeof(buf));
+			if (readlen <= 0)
+				break;
+			crc = crc32(crc, buf, readlen);
+			if (is_binary == -1)
+				is_binary = entry_is_binary(path_without_prefix,
+							    buf, readlen);
+			write_or_die(1, buf, readlen);
+		}
+		close_istream(stream);
+		if (readlen)
+			return readlen;
+
+		compressed_size = size;
+		zip_offset += compressed_size;
+
+		write_zip_data_desc(size, compressed_size, crc);
+		zip_offset += ZIP_DATA_DESC_SIZE;
+
+		set_zip_dir_data_desc(&dirent, size, compressed_size, crc);
+	} else if (stream && method == 8) {
+		unsigned char buf[STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE];
+		ssize_t readlen;
+		git_zstream zstream;
+		int result;
+		size_t out_len;
+		unsigned char compressed[STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE * 2];
+
+		git_deflate_init_raw(&zstream, args->compression_level);
+
+		compressed_size = 0;
+		zstream.next_out = compressed;
+		zstream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
+
+		for (;;) {
+			readlen = read_istream(stream, buf, sizeof(buf));
+			if (readlen <= 0)
+				break;
+			crc = crc32(crc, buf, readlen);
+			if (is_binary == -1)
+				is_binary = entry_is_binary(path_without_prefix,
+							    buf, readlen);
+
+			zstream.next_in = buf;
+			zstream.avail_in = readlen;
+			result = git_deflate(&zstream, 0);
+			if (result != Z_OK)
+				die("deflate error (%d)", result);
+			out_len = zstream.next_out - compressed;
+
+			if (out_len > 0) {
+				write_or_die(1, compressed, out_len);
+				compressed_size += out_len;
+				zstream.next_out = compressed;
+				zstream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
+			}
+
+		}
+		close_istream(stream);
+		if (readlen)
+			return readlen;
+
+		zstream.next_in = buf;
+		zstream.avail_in = 0;
+		result = git_deflate(&zstream, Z_FINISH);
+		if (result != Z_STREAM_END)
+			die("deflate error (%d)", result);
+
+		git_deflate_end(&zstream);
+		out_len = zstream.next_out - compressed;
+		write_or_die(1, compressed, out_len);
+		compressed_size += out_len;
+		zip_offset += compressed_size;
+
+		write_zip_data_desc(size, compressed_size, crc);
+		zip_offset += ZIP_DATA_DESC_SIZE;
+
+		set_zip_dir_data_desc(&dirent, size, compressed_size, crc);
+	} else if (compressed_size > 0) {
 		write_or_die(1, out, compressed_size);
 		zip_offset += compressed_size;
 	}
 
 	free(deflated);
+	free(buffer);
+
+	copy_le16(dirent.attr1, !is_binary);
+
+	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, &dirent, ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE);
+	zip_dir_offset += ZIP_DIR_HEADER_SIZE;
+	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, path, pathlen);
+	zip_dir_offset += pathlen;
+	memcpy(zip_dir + zip_dir_offset, &extra, ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE);
+	zip_dir_offset += ZIP_EXTRA_MTIME_SIZE;
+	zip_dir_entries++;
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/archive.c b/archive.c
index 1ee837d717..96057ed830 100644
--- a/archive.c
+++ b/archive.c
@@ -5,18 +5,20 @@
 #include "archive.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 static char const * const archive_usage[] = {
-	"git archive [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]",
-	"git archive --list",
-	"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [options] <tree-ish> [<path>...]",
-	"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list",
+	N_("git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"),
+	N_("git archive --list"),
+	N_("git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"),
+	N_("git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const struct archiver **archivers;
 static int nr_archivers;
 static int alloc_archivers;
+static int remote_allow_unreachable;
 
 void register_archiver(struct archiver *ar)
 {
@@ -59,12 +61,15 @@ static void format_subst(const struct commit *commit,
 	free(to_free);
 }
 
-static void *sha1_file_to_archive(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
-		unsigned int mode, enum object_type *type,
-		unsigned long *sizep, const struct commit *commit)
+void *sha1_file_to_archive(const struct archiver_args *args,
+			   const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   unsigned int mode, enum object_type *type,
+			   unsigned long *sizep)
 {
 	void *buffer;
+	const struct commit *commit = args->convert ? args->commit : NULL;
 
+	path += args->baselen;
 	buffer = read_sha1_file(sha1, type, sizep);
 	if (buffer && S_ISREG(mode)) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -94,9 +99,19 @@ static void setup_archive_check(struct git_attr_check *check)
 	check[1].attr = attr_export_subst;
 }
 
+struct directory {
+	struct directory *up;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int baselen, len;
+	unsigned mode;
+	int stage;
+	char path[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
 struct archiver_context {
 	struct archiver_args *args;
 	write_archive_entry_fn_t write_entry;
+	struct directory *bottom;
 };
 
 static int write_archive_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
@@ -109,45 +124,104 @@ static int write_archive_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
 	write_archive_entry_fn_t write_entry = c->write_entry;
 	struct git_attr_check check[2];
 	const char *path_without_prefix;
-	int convert = 0;
 	int err;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long size;
-	void *buffer;
 
+	args->convert = 0;
 	strbuf_reset(&path);
 	strbuf_grow(&path, PATH_MAX);
 	strbuf_add(&path, args->base, args->baselen);
 	strbuf_add(&path, base, baselen);
 	strbuf_addstr(&path, filename);
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode))
+		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
 	path_without_prefix = path.buf + args->baselen;
 
 	setup_archive_check(check);
 	if (!git_check_attr(path_without_prefix, ARRAY_SIZE(check), check)) {
 		if (ATTR_TRUE(check[0].value))
 			return 0;
-		convert = ATTR_TRUE(check[1].value);
+		args->convert = ATTR_TRUE(check[1].value);
 	}
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
-		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
 		if (args->verbose)
 			fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)path.len, path.buf);
-		err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode, NULL, 0);
+		err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
 		return (S_ISDIR(mode) ? READ_TREE_RECURSIVE : 0);
 	}
 
-	buffer = sha1_file_to_archive(path_without_prefix, sha1, mode,
-			&type, &size, convert ? args->commit : NULL);
-	if (!buffer)
-		return error("cannot read %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	if (args->verbose)
 		fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)path.len, path.buf);
-	err = write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode, buffer, size);
-	free(buffer);
-	return err;
+	return write_entry(args, sha1, path.buf, path.len, mode);
+}
+
+static int write_archive_entry_buf(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
+		const char *filename, unsigned mode, int stage,
+		void *context)
+{
+	return write_archive_entry(sha1, base->buf, base->len,
+				     filename, mode, stage, context);
+}
+
+static void queue_directory(const unsigned char *sha1,
+		struct strbuf *base, const char *filename,
+		unsigned mode, int stage, struct archiver_context *c)
+{
+	struct directory *d;
+	d = xmallocz(sizeof(*d) + base->len + 1 + strlen(filename));
+	d->up	   = c->bottom;
+	d->baselen = base->len;
+	d->mode	   = mode;
+	d->stage   = stage;
+	c->bottom  = d;
+	d->len = sprintf(d->path, "%.*s%s/", (int)base->len, base->buf, filename);
+	hashcpy(d->sha1, sha1);
+}
+
+static int write_directory(struct archiver_context *c)
+{
+	struct directory *d = c->bottom;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!d)
+		return 0;
+	c->bottom = d->up;
+	d->path[d->len - 1] = '\0'; /* no trailing slash */
+	ret =
+		write_directory(c) ||
+		write_archive_entry(d->sha1, d->path, d->baselen,
+				    d->path + d->baselen, d->mode,
+				    d->stage, c) != READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+	free(d);
+	return ret ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+static int queue_or_write_archive_entry(const unsigned char *sha1,
+		struct strbuf *base, const char *filename,
+		unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+{
+	struct archiver_context *c = context;
+
+	while (c->bottom &&
+	       !(base->len >= c->bottom->len &&
+		 !strncmp(base->buf, c->bottom->path, c->bottom->len))) {
+		struct directory *next = c->bottom->up;
+		free(c->bottom);
+		c->bottom = next;
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		queue_directory(sha1, base, filename,
+				mode, stage, c);
+		return READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+	}
+
+	if (write_directory(c))
+		return -1;
+	return write_archive_entry(sha1, base->buf, base->len, filename, mode,
+				   stage, context);
 }
 
 int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
@@ -156,7 +230,6 @@ int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
 	struct archiver_context context;
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	struct tree_desc t;
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int err;
 
 	if (args->baselen > 0 && args->base[args->baselen - 1] == '/') {
@@ -167,11 +240,12 @@ int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
 		if (args->verbose)
 			fprintf(stderr, "%.*s\n", (int)len, args->base);
 		err = write_entry(args, args->tree->object.sha1, args->base,
-				len, 040777, NULL, 0);
+				  len, 040777);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
 	}
 
+	memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context));
 	context.args = args;
 	context.write_entry = write_entry;
 
@@ -191,12 +265,18 @@ int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args,
 		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_INDEX, &the_index);
 	}
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, args->pathspec);
-	err = read_tree_recursive(args->tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec,
-				  write_archive_entry, &context);
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
+	err = read_tree_recursive(args->tree, "", 0, 0, &args->pathspec,
+				  args->pathspec.has_wildcard ?
+				  queue_or_write_archive_entry :
+				  write_archive_entry_buf,
+				  &context);
 	if (err == READ_TREE_RECURSIVE)
 		err = 0;
+	while (context.bottom) {
+		struct directory *next = context.bottom->up;
+		free(context.bottom);
+		context.bottom = next;
+	}
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -214,11 +294,20 @@ static const struct archiver *lookup_archiver(const char *name)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int reject_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base,
-			int baselen, const char *filename, unsigned mode,
+static int reject_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
+			const char *filename, unsigned mode,
 			int stage, void *context)
 {
-	return -1;
+	int ret = -1;
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addbuf(&sb, base);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, filename);
+		if (!match_pathspec(context, sb.buf, sb.len, 0, NULL, 1))
+			ret = READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+	}
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int path_exists(struct tree *tree, const char *path)
@@ -227,8 +316,10 @@ static int path_exists(struct tree *tree, const char *path)
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int ret;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
-	ret = read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec, reject_entry, NULL);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0, 0, "", paths);
+	pathspec.recursive = 1;
+	ret = read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &pathspec,
+				  reject_entry, &pathspec);
 	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 	return ret != 0;
 }
@@ -236,11 +327,19 @@ static int path_exists(struct tree *tree, const char *path)
 static void parse_pathspec_arg(const char **pathspec,
 		struct archiver_args *ar_args)
 {
-	ar_args->pathspec = pathspec = get_pathspec("", pathspec);
+	/*
+	 * must be consistent with parse_pathspec in path_exists()
+	 * Also if pathspec patterns are dependent, we're in big
+	 * trouble as we test each one separately
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&ar_args->pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       "", pathspec);
+	ar_args->pathspec.recursive = 1;
 	if (pathspec) {
 		while (*pathspec) {
-			if (!path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
-				die("path not found: %s", *pathspec);
+			if (**pathspec && !path_exists(ar_args->tree, *pathspec))
+				die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"), *pathspec);
 			pathspec++;
 		}
 	}
@@ -258,20 +357,13 @@ static void parse_treeish_arg(const char **argv,
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	/* Remotes are only allowed to fetch actual refs */
-	if (remote) {
+	if (remote && !remote_allow_unreachable) {
 		char *ref = NULL;
-		const char *refname, *colon = NULL;
-
-		colon = strchr(name, ':');
-		if (colon)
-			refname = xstrndup(name, colon - name);
-		else
-			refname = name;
-
-		if (!dwim_ref(refname, strlen(refname), sha1, &ref))
-			die("no such ref: %s", refname);
-		if (refname != name)
-			free((void *)refname);
+		const char *colon = strchrnul(name, ':');
+		int refnamelen = colon - name;
+
+		if (!dwim_ref(name, refnamelen, sha1, &ref))
+			die("no such ref: %.*s", refnamelen, name);
 		free(ref);
 	}
 
@@ -332,16 +424,16 @@ static int parse_archive_args(int argc, const char **argv,
 	int worktree_attributes = 0;
 	struct option opts[] = {
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "format", &format, "fmt", "archive format"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &base, "prefix",
-			"prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"),
-		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, "file",
-			"write the archive to this file"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "format", &format, N_("fmt"), N_("archive format")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &base, N_("prefix"),
+			N_("prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive")),
+		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, N_("file"),
+			N_("write the archive to this file")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "worktree-attributes", &worktree_attributes,
-			"read .gitattributes in working directory"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "report archived files on stderr"),
-		OPT__COMPR('0', &compression_level, "store only", 0),
-		OPT__COMPR('1', &compression_level, "compress faster", 1),
+			N_("read .gitattributes in working directory")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("report archived files on stderr")),
+		OPT__COMPR('0', &compression_level, N_("store only"), 0),
+		OPT__COMPR('1', &compression_level, N_("compress faster"), 1),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('2', &compression_level, 2),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('3', &compression_level, 3),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('4', &compression_level, 4),
@@ -349,15 +441,15 @@ static int parse_archive_args(int argc, const char **argv,
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('6', &compression_level, 6),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('7', &compression_level, 7),
 		OPT__COMPR_HIDDEN('8', &compression_level, 8),
-		OPT__COMPR('9', &compression_level, "compress better", 9),
+		OPT__COMPR('9', &compression_level, N_("compress better"), 9),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		OPT_BOOL('l', "list", &list,
-			"list supported archive formats"),
+			N_("list supported archive formats")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, "repo",
-			"retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, "cmd",
-			"path to the remote git-upload-archive command"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, N_("repo"),
+			N_("retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, N_("command"),
+			N_("path to the remote git-upload-archive command")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -419,7 +511,9 @@ int write_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	if (setup_prefix && prefix == NULL)
 		prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
 
+	git_config_get_bool("uploadarchive.allowunreachable", &remote_allow_unreachable);
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
 	init_tar_archiver();
 	init_zip_archiver();
 
@@ -448,7 +542,7 @@ static int match_extension(const char *filename, const char *ext)
 	 * prefix is non-empty (k.e., we don't match .tar.gz with no actual
 	 * filename).
 	 */
-	if (prefixlen < 2 || filename[prefixlen-1] != '.')
+	if (prefixlen < 2 || filename[prefixlen - 1] != '.')
 		return 0;
 	return !strcmp(filename + prefixlen, ext);
 }
diff --git a/archive.h b/archive.h
index 2b0884f1ef..4a791e1fed 100644
--- a/archive.h
+++ b/archive.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef ARCHIVE_H
 #define ARCHIVE_H
 
+#include "pathspec.h"
+
 struct archiver_args {
 	const char *base;
 	size_t baselen;
@@ -8,9 +10,10 @@ struct archiver_args {
 	const unsigned char *commit_sha1;
 	const struct commit *commit;
 	time_t time;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	unsigned int verbose : 1;
 	unsigned int worktree_attributes : 1;
+	unsigned int convert : 1;
 	int compression_level;
 };
 
@@ -27,11 +30,18 @@ extern void register_archiver(struct archiver *);
 extern void init_tar_archiver(void);
 extern void init_zip_archiver(void);
 
-typedef int (*write_archive_entry_fn_t)(struct archiver_args *args, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, size_t pathlen, unsigned int mode, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
+typedef int (*write_archive_entry_fn_t)(struct archiver_args *args,
+					const unsigned char *sha1,
+					const char *path, size_t pathlen,
+					unsigned int mode);
 
 extern int write_archive_entries(struct archiver_args *args, write_archive_entry_fn_t write_entry);
 extern int write_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int setup_prefix, const char *name_hint, int remote);
 
 const char *archive_format_from_filename(const char *filename);
+extern void *sha1_file_to_archive(const struct archiver_args *args,
+				  const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  unsigned int mode, enum object_type *type,
+				  unsigned long *sizep);
 
 #endif	/* ARCHIVE_H */
diff --git a/argv-array.c b/argv-array.c
index a4e04201e6..256741d226 100644
--- a/argv-array.c
+++ b/argv-array.c
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
 #include "argv-array.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
-static const char *empty_argv_storage = NULL;
-const char **empty_argv = &empty_argv_storage;
+const char *empty_argv[] = { NULL };
 
 void argv_array_init(struct argv_array *array)
 {
@@ -39,12 +38,32 @@ void argv_array_pushf(struct argv_array *array, const char *fmt, ...)
 	argv_array_push_nodup(array, strbuf_detach(&v, NULL));
 }
 
+void argv_array_pushl(struct argv_array *array, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	const char *arg;
+
+	va_start(ap, array);
+	while((arg = va_arg(ap, const char *)))
+		argv_array_push(array, arg);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+void argv_array_pop(struct argv_array *array)
+{
+	if (!array->argc)
+		return;
+	free((char *)array->argv[array->argc - 1]);
+	array->argv[array->argc - 1] = NULL;
+	array->argc--;
+}
+
 void argv_array_clear(struct argv_array *array)
 {
 	if (array->argv != empty_argv) {
 		int i;
 		for (i = 0; i < array->argc; i++)
-			free((char **)array->argv[i]);
+			free((char *)array->argv[i]);
 		free(array->argv);
 	}
 	argv_array_init(array);
diff --git a/argv-array.h b/argv-array.h
index 74dd2b1bc0..c65e6e825a 100644
--- a/argv-array.h
+++ b/argv-array.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef ARGV_ARRAY_H
 #define ARGV_ARRAY_H
 
-extern const char **empty_argv;
+extern const char *empty_argv[];
 
 struct argv_array {
 	const char **argv;
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ void argv_array_init(struct argv_array *);
 void argv_array_push(struct argv_array *, const char *);
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
 void argv_array_pushf(struct argv_array *, const char *fmt, ...);
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+void argv_array_pushl(struct argv_array *, ...);
+void argv_array_pop(struct argv_array *);
 void argv_array_clear(struct argv_array *);
 
 #endif /* ARGV_ARRAY_H */
diff --git a/attr.c b/attr.c
index 303751f6c2..1f9eebd2dd 100644
--- a/attr.c
+++ b/attr.c
@@ -32,9 +32,12 @@ struct git_attr {
 	struct git_attr *next;
 	unsigned h;
 	int attr_nr;
+	int maybe_macro;
+	int maybe_real;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 static int attr_nr;
+static int cannot_trust_maybe_real;
 
 static struct git_attr_check *check_all_attr;
 static struct git_attr *(git_attr_hash[HASHSIZE]);
@@ -95,10 +98,11 @@ static struct git_attr *git_attr_internal(const char *name, int len)
 	a->h = hval;
 	a->next = git_attr_hash[pos];
 	a->attr_nr = attr_nr++;
+	a->maybe_macro = 0;
+	a->maybe_real = 0;
 	git_attr_hash[pos] = a;
 
-	check_all_attr = xrealloc(check_all_attr,
-				  sizeof(*check_all_attr) * attr_nr);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(check_all_attr, attr_nr);
 	check_all_attr[a->attr_nr].attr = a;
 	check_all_attr[a->attr_nr].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
 	return a;
@@ -115,6 +119,13 @@ struct attr_state {
 	const char *setto;
 };
 
+struct pattern {
+	const char *pattern;
+	int patternlen;
+	int nowildcardlen;
+	int flags;		/* EXC_FLAG_* */
+};
+
 /*
  * One rule, as from a .gitattributes file.
  *
@@ -131,7 +142,7 @@ struct attr_state {
  */
 struct match_attr {
 	union {
-		char *pattern;
+		struct pattern pat;
 		struct git_attr *attr;
 	} u;
 	char is_macro;
@@ -204,7 +215,7 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 	name = cp;
 	namelen = strcspn(name, blank);
 	if (strlen(ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX) < namelen &&
-	    !prefixcmp(name, ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX)) {
+	    starts_with(name, ATTRIBUTE_MACRO_PREFIX)) {
 		if (!macro_ok) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s not allowed: %s:%d\n",
 				name, src, lineno);
@@ -238,12 +249,22 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 		      sizeof(*res) +
 		      sizeof(struct attr_state) * num_attr +
 		      (is_macro ? 0 : namelen + 1));
-	if (is_macro)
+	if (is_macro) {
 		res->u.attr = git_attr_internal(name, namelen);
-	else {
-		res->u.pattern = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
-		memcpy(res->u.pattern, name, namelen);
-		res->u.pattern[namelen] = 0;
+		res->u.attr->maybe_macro = 1;
+	} else {
+		char *p = (char *)&(res->state[num_attr]);
+		memcpy(p, name, namelen);
+		res->u.pat.pattern = p;
+		parse_exclude_pattern(&res->u.pat.pattern,
+				      &res->u.pat.patternlen,
+				      &res->u.pat.flags,
+				      &res->u.pat.nowildcardlen);
+		if (res->u.pat.flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE) {
+			warning(_("Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+				  "Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."));
+			return NULL;
+		}
 	}
 	res->is_macro = is_macro;
 	res->num_attr = num_attr;
@@ -251,6 +272,10 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
 	/* Second pass to fill the attr_states */
 	for (cp = states, i = 0; *cp; i++) {
 		cp = parse_attr(src, lineno, cp, &(res->state[i]));
+		if (!is_macro)
+			res->state[i].attr->maybe_real = 1;
+		if (res->state[i].attr->maybe_macro)
+			cannot_trust_maybe_real = 1;
 	}
 
 	return res;
@@ -270,13 +295,14 @@ static struct match_attr *parse_attr_line(const char *line, const char *src,
  * (reading the file from top to bottom), .gitattribute of the root
  * directory (again, reading the file from top to bottom) down to the
  * current directory, and then scan the list backwards to find the first match.
- * This is exactly the same as what excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
+ * This is exactly the same as what is_excluded() does in dir.c to deal with
  * .gitignore
  */
 
 static struct attr_stack {
 	struct attr_stack *prev;
 	char *origin;
+	size_t originlen;
 	unsigned num_matches;
 	unsigned alloc;
 	struct match_attr **attrs;
@@ -306,7 +332,7 @@ static void free_attr_elem(struct attr_stack *e)
 }
 
 static const char *builtin_attr[] = {
-	"[attr]binary -diff -text",
+	"[attr]binary -diff -merge -text",
 	NULL,
 };
 
@@ -321,12 +347,7 @@ static void handle_attr_line(struct attr_stack *res,
 	a = parse_attr_line(line, src, lineno, macro_ok);
 	if (!a)
 		return;
-	if (res->alloc <= res->num_matches) {
-		res->alloc = alloc_nr(res->num_matches);
-		res->attrs = xrealloc(res->attrs,
-				      sizeof(struct match_attr *) *
-				      res->alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(res->attrs, res->num_matches + 1, res->alloc);
 	res->attrs[res->num_matches++] = a;
 }
 
@@ -352,8 +373,11 @@ static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_file(const char *path, int macro_ok)
 	char buf[2048];
 	int lineno = 0;
 
-	if (!fp)
+	if (!fp) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
+			warn_on_inaccessible(path);
 		return NULL;
+	}
 	res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp))
 		handle_attr_line(res, buf, path, ++lineno, macro_ok);
@@ -361,46 +385,13 @@ static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_file(const char *path, int macro_ok)
 	return res;
 }
 
-static void *read_index_data(const char *path)
-{
-	int pos, len;
-	unsigned long sz;
-	enum object_type type;
-	void *data;
-	struct index_state *istate = use_index ? use_index : &the_index;
-
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-		/*
-		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
-		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = -pos - 1;
-		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
-		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
-		     i++)
-			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
-				pos = i;
-	}
-	if (pos < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
-	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		free(data);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return data;
-}
-
 static struct attr_stack *read_attr_from_index(const char *path, int macro_ok)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *res;
 	char *buf, *sp;
 	int lineno = 0;
 
-	buf = read_index_data(path);
+	buf = read_blob_data_from_index(use_index ? use_index : &the_index, path, NULL);
 	if (!buf)
 		return NULL;
 
@@ -497,6 +488,7 @@ static int git_attr_system(void)
 static void bootstrap_attr_stack(void)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *elem;
+	char *xdg_attributes_file;
 
 	if (attr_stack)
 		return;
@@ -515,6 +507,10 @@ static void bootstrap_attr_stack(void)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (!git_attributes_file) {
+		home_config_paths(NULL, &xdg_attributes_file, "attributes");
+		git_attributes_file = xdg_attributes_file;
+	}
 	if (git_attributes_file) {
 		elem = read_attr_from_file(git_attributes_file, 1);
 		if (elem) {
@@ -527,6 +523,7 @@ static void bootstrap_attr_stack(void)
 	if (!is_bare_repository() || direction == GIT_ATTR_INDEX) {
 		elem = read_attr(GITATTRIBUTES_FILE, 1);
 		elem->origin = xstrdup("");
+		elem->originlen = 0;
 		elem->prev = attr_stack;
 		attr_stack = elem;
 		debug_push(elem);
@@ -540,18 +537,12 @@ static void bootstrap_attr_stack(void)
 	attr_stack = elem;
 }
 
-static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
+static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path, int dirlen)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *elem, *info;
-	int dirlen, len;
+	int len;
 	const char *cp;
 
-	cp = strrchr(path, '/');
-	if (!cp)
-		dirlen = 0;
-	else
-		dirlen = cp - path;
-
 	/*
 	 * At the bottom of the attribute stack is the built-in
 	 * set of attribute definitions, followed by the contents
@@ -620,7 +611,7 @@ static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
 			strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, GITATTRIBUTES_FILE);
 			elem = read_attr(pathbuf.buf, 0);
 			strbuf_setlen(&pathbuf, cp - path);
-			elem->origin = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, NULL);
+			elem->origin = strbuf_detach(&pathbuf, &elem->originlen);
 			elem->prev = attr_stack;
 			attr_stack = elem;
 			debug_push(elem);
@@ -637,28 +628,26 @@ static void prepare_attr_stack(const char *path)
 }
 
 static int path_matches(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
-			const char *pattern,
+			int basename_offset,
+			const struct pattern *pat,
 			const char *base, int baselen)
 {
-	if (!strchr(pattern, '/')) {
-		/* match basename */
-		const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
-		basename = basename ? basename + 1 : pathname;
-		return (fnmatch_icase(pattern, basename, 0) == 0);
-	}
-	/*
-	 * match with FNM_PATHNAME; the pattern has base implicitly
-	 * in front of it.
-	 */
-	if (*pattern == '/')
-		pattern++;
-	if (pathlen < baselen ||
-	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
-	    strncmp(pathname, base, baselen))
+	const char *pattern = pat->pattern;
+	int prefix = pat->nowildcardlen;
+	int isdir = (pathlen && pathname[pathlen - 1] == '/');
+
+	if ((pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) && !isdir)
 		return 0;
-	if (baselen != 0)
-		baselen++;
-	return fnmatch_icase(pattern, pathname + baselen, FNM_PATHNAME) == 0;
+
+	if (pat->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
+		return match_basename(pathname + basename_offset,
+				      pathlen - basename_offset - isdir,
+				      pattern, prefix,
+				      pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
+	}
+	return match_pathname(pathname, pathlen - isdir,
+			      base, baselen,
+			      pattern, prefix, pat->patternlen, pat->flags);
 }
 
 static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem);
@@ -675,7 +664,7 @@ static int fill_one(const char *what, struct match_attr *a, int rem)
 
 		if (*n == ATTR__UNKNOWN) {
 			debug_set(what,
-				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pattern,
+				  a->is_macro ? a->u.attr->name : a->u.pat.pattern,
 				  attr, v);
 			*n = v;
 			rem--;
@@ -685,7 +674,8 @@ static int fill_one(const char *what, struct match_attr *a, int rem)
 	return rem;
 }
 
-static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
+static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, int basename_offset,
+		struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char *base = stk->origin ? stk->origin : "";
@@ -694,20 +684,21 @@ static int fill(const char *path, int pathlen, struct attr_stack *stk, int rem)
 		struct match_attr *a = stk->attrs[i];
 		if (a->is_macro)
 			continue;
-		if (path_matches(path, pathlen,
-				 a->u.pattern, base, strlen(base)))
+		if (path_matches(path, pathlen, basename_offset,
+				 &a->u.pat, base, stk->originlen))
 			rem = fill_one("fill", a, rem);
 	}
 	return rem;
 }
 
-static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem)
+static int macroexpand_one(int nr, int rem)
 {
 	struct attr_stack *stk;
 	struct match_attr *a = NULL;
 	int i;
 
-	if (check_all_attr[attr_nr].value != ATTR__TRUE)
+	if (check_all_attr[nr].value != ATTR__TRUE ||
+	    !check_all_attr[nr].attr->maybe_macro)
 		return rem;
 
 	for (stk = attr_stack; !a && stk; stk = stk->prev)
@@ -715,7 +706,7 @@ static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem)
 			struct match_attr *ma = stk->attrs[i];
 			if (!ma->is_macro)
 				continue;
-			if (ma->u.attr->attr_nr == attr_nr)
+			if (ma->u.attr->attr_nr == nr)
 				a = ma;
 		}
 
@@ -726,29 +717,59 @@ static int macroexpand_one(int attr_nr, int rem)
 }
 
 /*
- * Collect all attributes for path into the array pointed to by
- * check_all_attr.
+ * Collect attributes for path into the array pointed to by
+ * check_all_attr. If num is non-zero, only attributes in check[] are
+ * collected. Otherwise all attributes are collected.
  */
-static void collect_all_attrs(const char *path)
+static void collect_some_attrs(const char *path, int num,
+			       struct git_attr_check *check)
+
 {
 	struct attr_stack *stk;
-	int i, pathlen, rem;
+	int i, pathlen, rem, dirlen;
+	const char *cp, *last_slash = NULL;
+	int basename_offset;
+
+	for (cp = path; *cp; cp++) {
+		if (*cp == '/' && cp[1])
+			last_slash = cp;
+	}
+	pathlen = cp - path;
+	if (last_slash) {
+		basename_offset = last_slash + 1 - path;
+		dirlen = last_slash - path;
+	} else {
+		basename_offset = 0;
+		dirlen = 0;
+	}
 
-	prepare_attr_stack(path);
+	prepare_attr_stack(path, dirlen);
 	for (i = 0; i < attr_nr; i++)
 		check_all_attr[i].value = ATTR__UNKNOWN;
+	if (num && !cannot_trust_maybe_real) {
+		rem = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+			if (!check[i].attr->maybe_real) {
+				struct git_attr_check *c;
+				c = check_all_attr + check[i].attr->attr_nr;
+				c->value = ATTR__UNSET;
+				rem++;
+			}
+		}
+		if (rem == num)
+			return;
+	}
 
-	pathlen = strlen(path);
 	rem = attr_nr;
 	for (stk = attr_stack; 0 < rem && stk; stk = stk->prev)
-		rem = fill(path, pathlen, stk, rem);
+		rem = fill(path, pathlen, basename_offset, stk, rem);
 }
 
 int git_check_attr(const char *path, int num, struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	collect_all_attrs(path);
+	collect_some_attrs(path, num, check);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
 		const char *value = check_all_attr[check[i].attr->attr_nr].value;
@@ -764,7 +785,7 @@ int git_all_attrs(const char *path, int *num, struct git_attr_check **check)
 {
 	int i, count, j;
 
-	collect_all_attrs(path);
+	collect_some_attrs(path, 0, NULL);
 
 	/* Count the number of attributes that are set. */
 	count = 0;
diff --git a/attr.h b/attr.h
index eb8ca0d7c0..8b08d33af8 100644
--- a/attr.h
+++ b/attr.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ int git_check_attr(const char *path, int, struct git_attr_check *);
 
 /*
  * Retrieve all attributes that apply to the specified path.  *num
- * will be set the the number of attributes on the path; **check will
+ * will be set to the number of attributes on the path; **check will
  * be set to point at a newly-allocated array of git_attr_check
  * objects describing the attributes and their values.  *check must be
  * free()ed by the caller.
diff --git a/base85.c b/base85.c
index 781b5754f0..5ca601ee14 100644
--- a/base85.c
+++ b/base85.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ int decode_85(char *dst, const char *buffer, int len)
 {
 	prep_base85();
 
-	say2("decode 85 <%.*s>", len/4*5, buffer);
+	say2("decode 85 <%.*s>", len / 4 * 5, buffer);
 	while (len) {
 		unsigned acc = 0;
 		int de, cnt = 4;
diff --git a/bisect.c b/bisect.c
index 6e186e29cc..8c6d843699 100644
--- a/bisect.c
+++ b/bisect.c
@@ -15,14 +15,13 @@
 static struct sha1_array good_revs;
 static struct sha1_array skipped_revs;
 
-static const unsigned char *current_bad_sha1;
+static unsigned char *current_bad_sha1;
 
 static const char *argv_checkout[] = {"checkout", "-q", NULL, "--", NULL};
 static const char *argv_show_branch[] = {"show-branch", NULL, NULL};
 static const char *argv_update_ref[] = {"update-ref", "--no-deref", "BISECT_HEAD", NULL, NULL};
 
-/* bits #0-15 in revision.h */
-
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define COUNTED		(1u<<16)
 
 /*
@@ -216,11 +215,12 @@ static struct commit_list *best_bisection_sorted(struct commit_list *list, int n
 	}
 	qsort(array, cnt, sizeof(*array), compare_commit_dist);
 	for (p = list, i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
-		struct name_decoration *r = xmalloc(sizeof(*r) + 100);
+		char buf[100]; /* enough for dist=%d */
 		struct object *obj = &(array[i].commit->object);
 
-		sprintf(r->name, "dist=%d", array[i].distance);
-		r->next = add_decoration(&name_decoration, obj, r);
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "dist=%d", array[i].distance);
+		add_name_decoration(DECORATION_NONE, buf, obj);
+
 		p->item = array[i].commit;
 		p = p->next;
 	}
@@ -404,10 +404,11 @@ static int register_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 			int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(refname, "bad")) {
-		current_bad_sha1 = sha1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "good-")) {
+		current_bad_sha1 = xmalloc(20);
+		hashcpy(current_bad_sha1, sha1);
+	} else if (starts_with(refname, "good-")) {
 		sha1_array_append(&good_revs, sha1);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "skip-")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(refname, "skip-")) {
 		sha1_array_append(&skipped_revs, sha1);
 	}
 
@@ -525,9 +526,9 @@ struct commit_list *filter_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
  * is increased by one between each call, but that should not matter
  * for this application.
  */
-static int get_prn(int count) {
+static unsigned get_prn(unsigned count) {
 	count = count * 1103515245 + 12345;
-	return ((unsigned)(count/65536) % PRN_MODULO);
+	return (count/65536) % PRN_MODULO;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -623,7 +624,7 @@ static void bisect_common(struct rev_info *revs)
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	if (revs->tree_objects)
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs->commits, revs, NULL);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs, NULL);
 }
 
 static void exit_if_skipped_commits(struct commit_list *tried,
@@ -684,7 +685,6 @@ static void mark_expected_rev(char *bisect_rev_hex)
 
 static int bisect_checkout(char *bisect_rev_hex, int no_checkout)
 {
-	int res;
 
 	mark_expected_rev(bisect_rev_hex);
 
@@ -695,6 +695,7 @@ static int bisect_checkout(char *bisect_rev_hex, int no_checkout)
 			die("update-ref --no-deref HEAD failed on %s",
 			    bisect_rev_hex);
 	} else {
+		int res;
 		res = run_command_v_opt(argv_checkout, RUN_GIT_CMD);
 		if (res)
 			exit(res);
@@ -776,7 +777,7 @@ static void check_merge_bases(int no_checkout)
 	int rev_nr;
 	struct commit **rev = get_bad_and_good_commits(&rev_nr);
 
-	result = get_merge_bases_many(rev[0], rev_nr - 1, rev + 1, 0);
+	result = get_merge_bases_many(rev[0], rev_nr - 1, rev + 1);
 
 	for (; result; result = result->next) {
 		const unsigned char *mb = result->item->object.sha1;
@@ -833,7 +834,7 @@ static int check_ancestors(const char *prefix)
  */
 static void check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 {
-	const char *filename = git_path("BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK");
+	char *filename = git_pathdup("BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK");
 	struct stat st;
 	int fd;
 
@@ -842,11 +843,11 @@ static void check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 
 	/* Check if file BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK exists. */
 	if (!stat(filename, &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-		return;
+		goto done;
 
 	/* Bisecting with no good rev is ok. */
 	if (good_revs.nr == 0)
-		return;
+		goto done;
 
 	/* Check if all good revs are ancestor of the bad rev. */
 	if (check_ancestors(prefix))
@@ -859,6 +860,8 @@ static void check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 			filename, strerror(errno));
 	else
 		close(fd);
+ done:
+	free(filename);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -954,3 +957,41 @@ int bisect_next_all(const char *prefix, int no_checkout)
 	return bisect_checkout(bisect_rev_hex, no_checkout);
 }
 
+static inline int log2i(int n)
+{
+	int log2 = 0;
+
+	for (; n > 1; n >>= 1)
+		log2++;
+
+	return log2;
+}
+
+static inline int exp2i(int n)
+{
+	return 1 << n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Estimate the number of bisect steps left (after the current step)
+ *
+ * For any x between 0 included and 2^n excluded, the probability for
+ * n - 1 steps left looks like:
+ *
+ * P(2^n + x) == (2^n - x) / (2^n + x)
+ *
+ * and P(2^n + x) < 0.5 means 2^n < 3x
+ */
+int estimate_bisect_steps(int all)
+{
+	int n, x, e;
+
+	if (all < 3)
+		return 0;
+
+	n = log2i(all);
+	e = exp2i(n);
+	x = all - e;
+
+	return (e < 3 * x) ? n : n - 1;
+}
diff --git a/bisect.h b/bisect.h
index ec3c3ff007..2a6c831f3e 100644
--- a/bisect.h
+++ b/bisect.h
@@ -11,10 +11,6 @@ extern struct commit_list *filter_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
 					  int *count,
 					  int *skipped_first);
 
-extern void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
-			      const char *format_cur,
-			      const char *format_last);
-
 #define BISECT_SHOW_ALL		(1<<0)
 #define REV_LIST_QUIET		(1<<1)
 
diff --git a/blob.c b/blob.c
index ae320bd8fa..1fcb8e44b0 100644
--- a/blob.c
+++ b/blob.c
@@ -7,15 +7,8 @@ struct blob *lookup_blob(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
-		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_BLOB, alloc_blob_node());
-	if (!obj->type)
-		obj->type = OBJ_BLOB;
-	if (obj->type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		error("Object %s is a %s, not a blob",
-		      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return (struct blob *) obj;
+		return create_object(sha1, alloc_blob_node());
+	return object_as_type(obj, OBJ_BLOB, 0);
 }
 
 int parse_blob_buffer(struct blob *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
diff --git a/block-sha1/sha1.c b/block-sha1/sha1.c
index c0054a0b0a..22b125cf8c 100644
--- a/block-sha1/sha1.c
+++ b/block-sha1/sha1.c
@@ -62,38 +62,6 @@
   #define setW(x, val) (W(x) = (val))
 #endif
 
-/*
- * Performance might be improved if the CPU architecture is OK with
- * unaligned 32-bit loads and a fast ntohl() is available.
- * Otherwise fall back to byte loads and shifts which is portable,
- * and is faster on architectures with memory alignment issues.
- */
-
-#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || \
-    defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64) || \
-    defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__) || \
-    defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__) || \
-    defined(__s390__) || defined(__s390x__)
-
-#define get_be32(p)	ntohl(*(unsigned int *)(p))
-#define put_be32(p, v)	do { *(unsigned int *)(p) = htonl(v); } while (0)
-
-#else
-
-#define get_be32(p)	( \
-	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) << 24) | \
-	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) << 16) | \
-	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 2) <<  8) | \
-	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 3) <<  0) )
-#define put_be32(p, v)	do { \
-	unsigned int __v = (v); \
-	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) = __v >> 24; \
-	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) = __v >> 16; \
-	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 2) = __v >>  8; \
-	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 3) = __v >>  0; } while (0)
-
-#endif
-
 /* This "rolls" over the 512-bit array */
 #define W(x) (array[(x)&15])
 
@@ -101,8 +69,8 @@
  * Where do we get the source from? The first 16 iterations get it from
  * the input data, the next mix it from the 512-bit array.
  */
-#define SHA_SRC(t) get_be32(data + t)
-#define SHA_MIX(t) SHA_ROL(W(t+13) ^ W(t+8) ^ W(t+2) ^ W(t), 1)
+#define SHA_SRC(t) get_be32((unsigned char *) block + (t)*4)
+#define SHA_MIX(t) SHA_ROL(W((t)+13) ^ W((t)+8) ^ W((t)+2) ^ W(t), 1);
 
 #define SHA_ROUND(t, input, fn, constant, A, B, C, D, E) do { \
 	unsigned int TEMP = input(t); setW(t, TEMP); \
@@ -115,7 +83,7 @@
 #define T_40_59(t, A, B, C, D, E) SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_MIX, ((B&C)+(D&(B^C))) , 0x8f1bbcdc, A, B, C, D, E )
 #define T_60_79(t, A, B, C, D, E) SHA_ROUND(t, SHA_MIX, (B^C^D) ,  0xca62c1d6, A, B, C, D, E )
 
-static void blk_SHA1_Block(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const unsigned int *data)
+static void blk_SHA1_Block(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const void *block)
 {
 	unsigned int A,B,C,D,E;
 	unsigned int array[16];
@@ -126,7 +94,7 @@ static void blk_SHA1_Block(blk_SHA_CTX *ctx, const unsigned int *data)
 	D = ctx->H[3];
 	E = ctx->H[4];
 
-	/* Round 1 - iterations 0-16 take their input from 'data' */
+	/* Round 1 - iterations 0-16 take their input from 'block' */
 	T_0_15( 0, A, B, C, D, E);
 	T_0_15( 1, E, A, B, C, D);
 	T_0_15( 2, D, E, A, B, C);
@@ -274,10 +242,10 @@ void blk_SHA1_Final(unsigned char hashout[20], blk_SHA_CTX *ctx)
 	padlen[1] = htonl((uint32_t)(ctx->size << 3));
 
 	i = ctx->size & 63;
-	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, pad, 1+ (63 & (55 - i)));
+	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, pad, 1 + (63 & (55 - i)));
 	blk_SHA1_Update(ctx, padlen, 8);
 
 	/* Output hash */
 	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
-		put_be32(hashout + i*4, ctx->H[i]);
+		put_be32(hashout + i * 4, ctx->H[i]);
 }
diff --git a/branch.c b/branch.c
index 9971820a18..b0024353f4 100644
--- a/branch.c
+++ b/branch.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "refs.h"
@@ -49,15 +50,14 @@ static int should_setup_rebase(const char *origin)
 
 void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, const char *remote)
 {
-	const char *shortname = remote + 11;
-	int remote_is_branch = !prefixcmp(remote, "refs/heads/");
+	const char *shortname = NULL;
 	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int rebasing = should_setup_rebase(origin);
 
-	if (remote_is_branch
+	if (skip_prefix(remote, "refs/heads/", &shortname)
 	    && !strcmp(local, shortname)
 	    && !origin) {
-		warning("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream.",
+		warning(_("Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."),
 			local);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -74,25 +74,33 @@ void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, cons
 		strbuf_addf(&key, "branch.%s.rebase", local);
 		git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&key);
 
 	if (flag & BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE) {
-		strbuf_reset(&key);
-
-		strbuf_addstr(&key, origin ? "remote" : "local");
-
-		/* Are we tracking a proper "branch"? */
-		if (remote_is_branch) {
-			strbuf_addf(&key, " branch %s", shortname);
+		if (shortname) {
+			if (origin)
+				printf_ln(rebasing ?
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing.") :
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."),
+					  local, shortname, origin);
+			else
+				printf_ln(rebasing ?
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing.") :
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."),
+					  local, shortname);
+		} else {
 			if (origin)
-				strbuf_addf(&key, " from %s", origin);
+				printf_ln(rebasing ?
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing.") :
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."),
+					  local, remote);
+			else
+				printf_ln(rebasing ?
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing.") :
+					  _("Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."),
+					  local, remote);
 		}
-		else
-			strbuf_addf(&key, " ref %s", remote);
-		printf("Branch %s set up to track %s%s.\n",
-		       local, key.buf,
-		       rebasing ? " by rebasing" : "");
 	}
-	strbuf_release(&key);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -101,13 +109,10 @@ void install_branch_config(int flag, const char *local, const char *origin, cons
  * config.
  */
 static int setup_tracking(const char *new_ref, const char *orig_ref,
-                          enum branch_track track)
+			  enum branch_track track, int quiet)
 {
 	struct tracking tracking;
-
-	if (strlen(new_ref) > 1024 - 7 - 7 - 1)
-		return error("Tracking not set up: name too long: %s",
-				new_ref);
+	int config_flags = quiet ? 0 : BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE;
 
 	memset(&tracking, 0, sizeof(tracking));
 	tracking.spec.dst = (char *)orig_ref;
@@ -125,43 +130,27 @@ static int setup_tracking(const char *new_ref, const char *orig_ref,
 		}
 
 	if (tracking.matches > 1)
-		return error("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s",
+		return error(_("Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"),
 				orig_ref);
 
-	install_branch_config(BRANCH_CONFIG_VERBOSE, new_ref, tracking.remote,
+	install_branch_config(config_flags, new_ref, tracking.remote,
 			      tracking.src ? tracking.src : orig_ref);
 
 	free(tracking.src);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-struct branch_desc_cb {
-	const char *config_name;
-	const char *value;
-};
-
-static int read_branch_desc_cb(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	struct branch_desc_cb *desc = cb;
-	if (strcmp(desc->config_name, var))
-		return 0;
-	free((char *)desc->value);
-	return git_config_string(&desc->value, var, value);
-}
-
 int read_branch_desc(struct strbuf *buf, const char *branch_name)
 {
-	struct branch_desc_cb cb;
+	char *v = NULL;
 	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	strbuf_addf(&name, "branch.%s.description", branch_name);
-	cb.config_name = name.buf;
-	cb.value = NULL;
-	if (git_config(read_branch_desc_cb, &cb) < 0) {
+	if (git_config_get_string(name.buf, &v)) {
 		strbuf_release(&name);
 		return -1;
 	}
-	if (cb.value)
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, cb.value);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, v);
+	free(v);
 	strbuf_release(&name);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -170,30 +159,57 @@ int validate_new_branchname(const char *name, struct strbuf *ref,
 			    int force, int attr_only)
 {
 	if (strbuf_check_branch_ref(ref, name))
-		die("'%s' is not a valid branch name.", name);
+		die(_("'%s' is not a valid branch name."), name);
 
 	if (!ref_exists(ref->buf))
 		return 0;
 	else if (!force && !attr_only)
-		die("A branch named '%s' already exists.", ref->buf + strlen("refs/heads/"));
+		die(_("A branch named '%s' already exists."), ref->buf + strlen("refs/heads/"));
 
 	if (!attr_only) {
 		const char *head;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-		head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+		head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, sha1, NULL);
 		if (!is_bare_repository() && head && !strcmp(head, ref->buf))
-			die("Cannot force update the current branch.");
+			die(_("Cannot force update the current branch."));
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int check_tracking_branch(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
+{
+	char *tracking_branch = cb_data;
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.dst = tracking_branch;
+	return !remote_find_tracking(remote, &query);
+}
+
+static int validate_remote_tracking_branch(char *ref)
+{
+	return !for_each_remote(check_tracking_branch, ref);
+}
+
+static const char upstream_not_branch[] =
+N_("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch.");
+static const char upstream_missing[] =
+N_("the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist");
+static const char upstream_advice[] =
+N_("\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push.");
+
 void create_branch(const char *head,
 		   const char *name, const char *start_name,
 		   int force, int reflog, int clobber_head,
-		   enum branch_track track)
+		   int quiet, enum branch_track track)
 {
-	struct ref_lock *lock = NULL;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char *real_ref, msg[PATH_MAX + 20];
@@ -215,43 +231,43 @@ void create_branch(const char *head,
 	}
 
 	real_ref = NULL;
-	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1))
-		die("Not a valid object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+	if (get_sha1(start_name, sha1)) {
+		if (explicit_tracking) {
+			if (advice_set_upstream_failure) {
+				error(_(upstream_missing), start_name);
+				advise(_(upstream_advice));
+				exit(1);
+			}
+			die(_(upstream_missing), start_name);
+		}
+		die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'."), start_name);
+	}
 
 	switch (dwim_ref(start_name, strlen(start_name), sha1, &real_ref)) {
 	case 0:
 		/* Not branching from any existing branch */
 		if (explicit_tracking)
-			die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+			die(_(upstream_not_branch), start_name);
 		break;
 	case 1:
 		/* Unique completion -- good, only if it is a real branch */
-		if (prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/heads/") &&
-		    prefixcmp(real_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
+		if (!starts_with(real_ref, "refs/heads/") &&
+		    validate_remote_tracking_branch(real_ref)) {
 			if (explicit_tracking)
-				die("Cannot setup tracking information; starting point is not a branch.");
+				die(_(upstream_not_branch), start_name);
 			else
 				real_ref = NULL;
 		}
 		break;
 	default:
-		die("Ambiguous object name: '%s'.", start_name);
+		die(_("Ambiguous object name: '%s'."), start_name);
 		break;
 	}
 
 	if ((commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1)) == NULL)
-		die("Not a valid branch point: '%s'.", start_name);
+		die(_("Not a valid branch point: '%s'."), start_name);
 	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
 
-	if (!dont_change_ref) {
-		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, NULL, 0);
-		if (!lock)
-			die_errno("Failed to lock ref for update");
-	}
-
-	if (reflog)
-		log_all_ref_updates = 1;
-
 	if (forcing)
 		snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, "branch: Reset to %s",
 			 start_name);
@@ -259,12 +275,26 @@ void create_branch(const char *head,
 		snprintf(msg, sizeof msg, "branch: Created from %s",
 			 start_name);
 
-	if (real_ref && track)
-		setup_tracking(ref.buf+11, real_ref, track);
+	if (reflog)
+		log_all_ref_updates = 1;
 
-	if (!dont_change_ref)
-		if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, msg) < 0)
-			die_errno("Failed to write ref");
+	if (!dont_change_ref) {
+		struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+		struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!transaction ||
+		    ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref.buf,
+					   sha1, forcing ? NULL : null_sha1,
+					   0, msg, &err) ||
+		    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+			die("%s", err.buf);
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+	}
+
+	if (real_ref && track)
+		setup_tracking(ref.buf + 11, real_ref, track, quiet);
 
 	strbuf_release(&ref);
 	free(real_ref);
diff --git a/branch.h b/branch.h
index b99c5a369e..64173abf4d 100644
--- a/branch.h
+++ b/branch.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  */
 void create_branch(const char *head, const char *name, const char *start_name,
 		   int force, int reflog,
-		   int clobber_head, enum branch_track track);
+		   int clobber_head, int quiet, enum branch_track track);
 
 /*
  * Validates that the requested branch may be created, returning the
diff --git a/builtin.h b/builtin.h
index 857b9c8aa8..b87df70f96 100644
--- a/builtin.h
+++ b/builtin.h
@@ -5,44 +5,29 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
-#include "notes.h"
 
 #define DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN 20
 
-extern const char git_version_string[];
 extern const char git_usage_string[];
 extern const char git_more_info_string[];
 
+#define PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN 01
+#define PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE 02
+
 extern void prune_packed_objects(int);
 
 struct fmt_merge_msg_opts {
-	unsigned add_title:1;
+	unsigned add_title:1,
+		credit_people:1;
 	int shortlog_len;
 };
 
 extern int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 			 struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *);
-extern void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
-
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg {
-	struct notes_tree **trees;
-	const char *cmd;
-	int enabled;
-	combine_notes_fn combine;
-	struct string_list *refs;
-	int refs_from_env;
-	int mode_from_env;
-};
-
-combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v);
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd);
-int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
-			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj);
-void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c);
 
-extern int check_pager_config(const char *cmd);
+extern int textconv_object(const char *path, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, int sha1_valid, char **buf, unsigned long *buf_size);
 
-extern int textconv_object(const char *path, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, char **buf, unsigned long *buf_size);
+extern int is_builtin(const char *s);
 
 extern int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_annotate(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -56,15 +41,19 @@ extern int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_attr(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_check_mailmap(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_check_ref_format(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_cherry_pick(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_column(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_credential(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -82,9 +71,9 @@ extern int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix
 extern int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_hash_object(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_http_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_interpret_trailers(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_log_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -107,7 +96,6 @@ extern int cmd_notes(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_pack_redundant(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_patch_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_pickaxe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_prune_packed(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -117,7 +105,7 @@ extern int cmd_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_remote_ext(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_remote_fd(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_repo_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_repack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
@@ -140,8 +128,8 @@ extern int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_update_server_info(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_upload_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_upload_archive_writer(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
-extern int cmd_upload_tar(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_var(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
+extern int cmd_verify_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_verify_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 extern int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
diff --git a/builtin/add.c b/builtin/add.c
index b79336d712..3390933d68 100644
--- a/builtin/add.c
+++ b/builtin/add.c
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
@@ -14,9 +16,10 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_add_usage[] = {
-	"git add [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	N_("git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 static int patch_interactive, add_interactive, edit_interactive;
@@ -80,190 +83,105 @@ static void update_callback(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 	}
 }
 
-int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags)
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix,
+		       const struct pathspec *pathspec, int flags)
 {
 	struct update_callback_data data;
 	struct rev_info rev;
+
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.flags = flags;
+
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, NULL);
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, pathspec);
+	if (pathspec)
+		copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, pathspec);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = update_callback;
-	data.flags = flags;
-	data.add_errors = 0;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = &data;
 	rev.max_count = 0; /* do not compare unmerged paths with stage #2 */
 	run_diff_files(&rev, DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED);
 	return !!data.add_errors;
 }
 
-static void fill_pathspec_matches(const char **pathspec, char *seen, int specs)
-{
-	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
-
-	/*
-	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
-	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
-	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
-	 * anything.
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++)
-		if (!seen[i])
-			num_unmatched++;
-	if (!num_unmatched)
-		return;
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen);
-	}
-}
-
-static char *find_used_pathspec(const char **pathspec)
+static char *prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, struct pathspec *pathspec, int prefix)
 {
 	char *seen;
 	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i];  i++)
-		; /* just counting */
-	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
-	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, i);
-	return seen;
-}
-
-static char *prune_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec, int prefix)
-{
-	char *seen;
-	int i, specs;
 	struct dir_entry **src, **dst;
 
-	for (specs = 0; pathspec[specs];  specs++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(specs, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
 
 	src = dst = dir->entries;
 	i = dir->nr;
 	while (--i >= 0) {
 		struct dir_entry *entry = *src++;
-		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, entry->name, entry->len,
-				   prefix, seen))
+		if (dir_path_match(entry, pathspec, prefix, seen))
 			*dst++ = entry;
 	}
 	dir->nr = dst - dir->entries;
-	fill_pathspec_matches(pathspec, seen, specs);
+	add_pathspec_matches_against_index(pathspec, seen);
 	return seen;
 }
 
-static void treat_gitlinks(const char **pathspec)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec)
-		return;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
-			int len = ce_namelen(ce), j;
-			for (j = 0; pathspec[j]; j++) {
-				int len2 = strlen(pathspec[j]);
-				if (len2 <= len || pathspec[j][len] != '/' ||
-				    memcmp(ce->name, pathspec[j], len))
-					continue;
-				if (len2 == len + 1)
-					/* strip trailing slash */
-					pathspec[j] = xstrndup(ce->name, len);
-				else
-					die (_("Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
-						pathspec[j], len, ce->name);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static void refresh(int verbose, const char **pathspec)
+static void refresh(int verbose, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	char *seen;
-	int i, specs;
+	int i;
 
-	for (specs = 0; pathspec[specs];  specs++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(specs, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
 	refresh_index(&the_index, verbose ? REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN : REFRESH_QUIET,
 		      pathspec, seen, _("Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"));
-	for (i = 0; i < specs; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++) {
 		if (!seen[i])
-			die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"), pathspec[i]);
+			die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
+			    pathspec->items[i].match);
 	}
         free(seen);
 }
 
-static const char **validate_pathspec(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	if (pathspec) {
-		const char **p;
-		for (p = pathspec; *p; p++) {
-			if (has_symlink_leading_path(*p, strlen(*p))) {
-				int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-				die(_("'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"), *p + len);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return pathspec;
-}
-
 int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
-			const char **pathspec)
+			const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	int status, ac, pc = 0;
-	const char **args;
+	int status, i;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
-	if (pathspec)
-		while (pathspec[pc])
-			pc++;
-
-	args = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), (pc + 5));
-	ac = 0;
-	args[ac++] = "add--interactive";
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "add--interactive");
 	if (patch_mode)
-		args[ac++] = patch_mode;
+		argv_array_push(&argv, patch_mode);
 	if (revision)
-		args[ac++] = revision;
-	args[ac++] = "--";
-	if (pc) {
-		memcpy(&(args[ac]), pathspec, sizeof(const char *) * pc);
-		ac += pc;
-	}
-	args[ac] = NULL;
-
-	status = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	free(args);
+		argv_array_push(&argv, revision);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--");
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++)
+		/* pass original pathspec, to be re-parsed */
+		argv_array_push(&argv, pathspec->items[i].original);
+
+	status = run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
 	return status;
 }
 
 int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int patch)
 {
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 
-	if (argc) {
-		pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
-		if (!pathspec)
-			return -1;
-	}
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	return run_add_interactive(NULL,
 				   patch ? "--patch" : NULL,
-				   pathspec);
+				   &pathspec);
 }
 
 static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	char *file = xstrdup(git_path("ADD_EDIT.patch"));
+	char *file = git_pathdup("ADD_EDIT.patch");
 	const char *apply_argv[] = { "apply", "--recount", "--cached",
 		NULL, NULL };
-	struct child_process child;
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	int out;
 	struct stat st;
@@ -273,21 +191,22 @@ static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	git_config(git_diff_basic_config, NULL); /* no "diff" UI options */
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		die (_("Could not read the index"));
+		die(_("Could not read the index"));
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diffopt.context = 7;
 
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	rev.diffopt.use_color = 0;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, IGNORE_DIRTY_SUBMODULES);
-	out = open(file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0644);
+	out = open(file, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, 0666);
 	if (out < 0)
-		die (_("Could not open '%s' for writing."), file);
+		die(_("Could not open '%s' for writing."), file);
 	rev.diffopt.file = xfdopen(out, "w");
 	rev.diffopt.close_file = 1;
 	if (run_diff_files(&rev, 0))
-		die (_("Could not write patch"));
+		die(_("Could not write patch"));
 
 	launch_editor(file, NULL, NULL);
 
@@ -296,13 +215,13 @@ static int edit_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!st.st_size)
 		die(_("Empty patch. Aborted."));
 
-	memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
 	child.git_cmd = 1;
 	child.argv = apply_argv;
 	if (run_command(&child))
-		die (_("Could not apply '%s'"), file);
+		die(_("Could not apply '%s'"), file);
 
 	unlink(file);
+	free(file);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -311,23 +230,38 @@ static struct lock_file lock_file;
 static const char ignore_error[] =
 N_("The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n");
 
-static int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, ignored_too = 0, refresh_only = 0;
-static int ignore_add_errors, addremove, intent_to_add, ignore_missing = 0;
+static int verbose, show_only, ignored_too, refresh_only;
+static int ignore_add_errors, intent_to_add, ignore_missing;
+
+#define ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT 1
+static int addremove = ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT;
+static int addremove_explicit = -1; /* unspecified */
+
+static int ignore_removal_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	/* if we are told to ignore, we are not adding removals */
+	*(int *)opt->value = !unset ? 0 : 1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static struct option builtin_add_options[] = {
-	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 	OPT_GROUP(""),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, "interactive picking"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, "select hunks interactively"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, "edit current diff and apply"),
-	OPT__FORCE(&ignored_too, "allow adding otherwise ignored files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, "update tracked files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, "record only the fact that the path will be added later"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('A', "all", &addremove, "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, "don't add, only refresh the index"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-missing", &ignore_missing, "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"),
+	OPT_BOOL('i', "interactive", &add_interactive, N_("interactive picking")),
+	OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_interactive, N_("edit current diff and apply")),
+	OPT__FORCE(&ignored_too, N_("allow adding otherwise ignored files")),
+	OPT_BOOL('u', "update", &take_worktree_changes, N_("update tracked files")),
+	OPT_BOOL('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add, N_("record only the fact that the path will be added later")),
+	OPT_BOOL('A', "all", &addremove_explicit, N_("add changes from all tracked and untracked files")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-removal", &addremove_explicit,
+	  NULL /* takes no arguments */,
+	  N_("ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"),
+	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, ignore_removal_cb },
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "refresh", &refresh_only, N_("don't add, only refresh the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-errors", &ignore_add_errors, N_("just skip files which cannot be added because of errors")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-missing", &ignore_missing, N_("check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -350,7 +284,7 @@ static int add_files(struct dir_struct *dir, int flags)
 		for (i = 0; i < dir->ignored_nr; i++)
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", dir->ignored[i]->name);
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"));
-		die(_("no files added"));
+		exit_status = 1;
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++)
@@ -365,8 +299,7 @@ static int add_files(struct dir_struct *dir, int flags)
 int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int exit_status = 0;
-	int newfd;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
 	int flags;
 	int add_new_files;
@@ -387,20 +320,31 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc--;
 	argv++;
 
+	if (0 <= addremove_explicit)
+		addremove = addremove_explicit;
+	else if (take_worktree_changes && ADDREMOVE_DEFAULT)
+		addremove = 0; /* "-u" was given but not "-A" */
+
 	if (addremove && take_worktree_changes)
 		die(_("-A and -u are mutually incompatible"));
+
+	if (!take_worktree_changes && addremove_explicit < 0 && argc)
+		/* Turn "git add pathspec..." to "git add -A pathspec..." */
+		addremove = 1;
+
 	if (!show_only && ignore_missing)
 		die(_("Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"));
-	if ((addremove || take_worktree_changes) && !argc) {
-		static const char *here[2] = { ".", NULL };
+
+	if ((0 < addremove_explicit || take_worktree_changes) && !argc) {
+		static const char *whole[2] = { ":/", NULL };
 		argc = 1;
-		argv = here;
+		argv = whole;
 	}
 
 	add_new_files = !take_worktree_changes && !refresh_only;
 	require_pathspec = !take_worktree_changes;
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
 
 	flags = ((verbose ? ADD_CACHE_VERBOSE : 0) |
 		 (show_only ? ADD_CACHE_PRETEND : 0) |
@@ -414,14 +358,23 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"));
 		return 0;
 	}
-	pathspec = validate_pathspec(argc, argv, prefix);
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
-	treat_gitlinks(pathspec);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the "pathspec '%s' did not match any files" block
+	 * below before enabling new magic.
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	if (add_new_files) {
 		int baselen;
+		struct pathspec empty_pathspec;
 
 		/* Set up the default git porcelain excludes */
 		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
@@ -430,31 +383,49 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 		}
 
+		memset(&empty_pathspec, 0, sizeof(empty_pathspec));
 		/* This picks up the paths that are not tracked */
-		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
-		if (pathspec)
-			seen = prune_directory(&dir, pathspec, baselen);
+		baselen = fill_directory(&dir, &pathspec);
+		if (pathspec.nr)
+			seen = prune_directory(&dir, &pathspec, baselen);
 	}
 
 	if (refresh_only) {
-		refresh(verbose, pathspec);
+		refresh(verbose, &pathspec);
 		goto finish;
 	}
 
-	if (pathspec) {
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
 		int i;
+
 		if (!seen)
-			seen = find_used_pathspec(pathspec);
-		for (i = 0; pathspec[i]; i++) {
-			if (!seen[i] && pathspec[i][0]
-			    && !file_exists(pathspec[i])) {
+			seen = find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(&pathspec);
+
+		/*
+		 * file_exists() assumes exact match
+		 */
+		GUARD_PATHSPEC(&pathspec,
+			       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+			       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+			       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+			       PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+			       PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+			const char *path = pathspec.items[i].match;
+			if (pathspec.items[i].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)
+				continue;
+			if (!seen[i] && path[0] &&
+			    ((pathspec.items[i].magic &
+			      (PATHSPEC_GLOB | PATHSPEC_ICASE)) ||
+			     !file_exists(path))) {
 				if (ignore_missing) {
 					int dtype = DT_UNKNOWN;
-					if (excluded(&dir, pathspec[i], &dtype))
-						dir_add_ignored(&dir, pathspec[i], strlen(pathspec[i]));
+					if (is_excluded(&dir, path, &dtype))
+						dir_add_ignored(&dir, path, pathspec.items[i].len);
 				} else
 					die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
-					    pathspec[i]);
+					    pathspec.items[i].original);
 			}
 		}
 		free(seen);
@@ -462,17 +433,16 @@ int cmd_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	plug_bulk_checkin();
 
-	exit_status |= add_files_to_cache(prefix, pathspec, flags);
+	exit_status |= add_files_to_cache(prefix, &pathspec, flags);
 
 	if (add_new_files)
 		exit_status |= add_files(&dir, flags);
 
 	unplug_bulk_checkin();
 
- finish:
+finish:
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
-		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/annotate.c b/builtin/annotate.c
index fc43eed36b..da413ae0d1 100644
--- a/builtin/annotate.c
+++ b/builtin/annotate.c
@@ -5,20 +5,18 @@
  */
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 int cmd_annotate(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char **nargv;
+	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	int i;
-	nargv = xmalloc(sizeof(char *) * (argc + 2));
 
-	nargv[0] = "annotate";
-	nargv[1] = "-c";
+	argv_array_pushl(&args, "annotate", "-c", NULL);
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		nargv[i+1] = argv[i];
+		argv_array_push(&args, argv[i]);
 	}
-	nargv[argc + 1] = NULL;
 
-	return cmd_blame(argc + 1, nargv, prefix);
+	return cmd_blame(args.argc, args.argv, prefix);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/apply.c b/builtin/apply.c
index 389898f133..0769b09287 100644
--- a/builtin/apply.c
+++ b/builtin/apply.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
  *
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "blob.h"
@@ -16,6 +17,9 @@
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "rerere.h"
 
 /*
  *  --check turns on checking that the working tree matches the
@@ -46,11 +50,13 @@ static int apply_with_reject;
 static int apply_verbosely;
 static int allow_overlap;
 static int no_add;
+static int threeway;
+static int unsafe_paths;
 static const char *fake_ancestor;
 static int line_termination = '\n';
 static unsigned int p_context = UINT_MAX;
 static const char * const apply_usage[] = {
-	"git apply [options] [<patch>...]",
+	N_("git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -103,7 +109,7 @@ static void parse_whitespace_option(const char *option)
 		ws_error_action = correct_ws_error;
 		return;
 	}
-	die("unrecognized whitespace option '%s'", option);
+	die(_("unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"), option);
 }
 
 static void parse_ignorewhitespace_option(const char *option)
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ static void parse_ignorewhitespace_option(const char *option)
 		ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
 		return;
 	}
-	die("unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'", option);
+	die(_("unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"), option);
 }
 
 static void set_default_whitespace_mode(const char *whitespace_option)
@@ -152,9 +158,14 @@ struct fragment {
 	unsigned long leading, trailing;
 	unsigned long oldpos, oldlines;
 	unsigned long newpos, newlines;
+	/*
+	 * 'patch' is usually borrowed from buf in apply_patch(),
+	 * but some codepaths store an allocated buffer.
+	 */
 	const char *patch;
+	unsigned free_patch:1,
+		rejected:1;
 	int size;
-	int rejected;
 	int linenr;
 	struct fragment *next;
 };
@@ -179,7 +190,6 @@ struct patch {
 	int is_new, is_delete;	/* -1 = unknown, 0 = false, 1 = true */
 	int rejected;
 	unsigned ws_rule;
-	unsigned long deflate_origlen;
 	int lines_added, lines_deleted;
 	int score;
 	unsigned int is_toplevel_relative:1;
@@ -188,14 +198,49 @@ struct patch {
 	unsigned int is_copy:1;
 	unsigned int is_rename:1;
 	unsigned int recount:1;
+	unsigned int conflicted_threeway:1;
+	unsigned int direct_to_threeway:1;
 	struct fragment *fragments;
 	char *result;
 	size_t resultsize;
 	char old_sha1_prefix[41];
 	char new_sha1_prefix[41];
 	struct patch *next;
+
+	/* three-way fallback result */
+	unsigned char threeway_stage[3][20];
 };
 
+static void free_fragment_list(struct fragment *list)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		struct fragment *next = list->next;
+		if (list->free_patch)
+			free((char *)list->patch);
+		free(list);
+		list = next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void free_patch(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	free_fragment_list(patch->fragments);
+	free(patch->def_name);
+	free(patch->old_name);
+	free(patch->new_name);
+	free(patch->result);
+	free(patch);
+}
+
+static void free_patch_list(struct patch *list)
+{
+	while (list) {
+		struct patch *next = list->next;
+		free_patch(list);
+		list = next;
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * A line in a file, len-bytes long (includes the terminating LF,
  * except for an incomplete line at the end if the file ends with
@@ -257,11 +302,13 @@ static int fuzzy_matchlines(const char *s1, size_t n1,
 	while ((*last2 == '\r') || (*last2 == '\n'))
 		last2--;
 
-	/* skip leading whitespace */
-	while (isspace(*s1) && (s1 <= last1))
-		s1++;
-	while (isspace(*s2) && (s2 <= last2))
-		s2++;
+	/* skip leading whitespaces, if both begin with whitespace */
+	if (s1 <= last1 && s2 <= last2 && isspace(*s1) && isspace(*s2)) {
+		while (isspace(*s1) && (s1 <= last1))
+			s1++;
+		while (isspace(*s2) && (s2 <= last2))
+			s2++;
+	}
 	/* early return if both lines are empty */
 	if ((s1 > last1) && (s2 > last2))
 		return 1;
@@ -302,6 +349,11 @@ static void add_line_info(struct image *img, const char *bol, size_t len, unsign
 	img->nr++;
 }
 
+/*
+ * "buf" has the file contents to be patched (read from various sources).
+ * attach it to "image" and add line-based index to it.
+ * "image" now owns the "buf".
+ */
 static void prepare_image(struct image *image, char *buf, size_t len,
 			  int prepare_linetable)
 {
@@ -331,29 +383,31 @@ static void prepare_image(struct image *image, char *buf, size_t len,
 static void clear_image(struct image *image)
 {
 	free(image->buf);
-	image->buf = NULL;
-	image->len = 0;
+	free(image->line_allocated);
+	memset(image, 0, sizeof(*image));
 }
 
-static void say_patch_name(FILE *output, const char *pre,
-			   struct patch *patch, const char *post)
+/* fmt must contain _one_ %s and no other substitution */
+static void say_patch_name(FILE *output, const char *fmt, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	fputs(pre, output);
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
 	if (patch->old_name && patch->new_name &&
 	    strcmp(patch->old_name, patch->new_name)) {
-		quote_c_style(patch->old_name, NULL, output, 0);
-		fputs(" => ", output);
-		quote_c_style(patch->new_name, NULL, output, 0);
+		quote_c_style(patch->old_name, &sb, NULL, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, " => ");
+		quote_c_style(patch->new_name, &sb, NULL, 0);
 	} else {
 		const char *n = patch->new_name;
 		if (!n)
 			n = patch->old_name;
-		quote_c_style(n, NULL, output, 0);
+		quote_c_style(n, &sb, NULL, 0);
 	}
-	fputs(post, output);
+	fprintf(output, fmt, sb.buf);
+	fputc('\n', output);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-#define CHUNKSIZE (8192)
 #define SLOP (16)
 
 static void read_patch_file(struct strbuf *sb, int fd)
@@ -383,7 +437,7 @@ static unsigned long linelen(const char *buffer, unsigned long size)
 
 static int is_dev_null(const char *str)
 {
-	return !memcmp("/dev/null", str, 9) && isspace(str[9]);
+	return skip_prefix(str, "/dev/null", &str) && isspace(*str);
 }
 
 #define TERM_SPACE	1
@@ -416,14 +470,14 @@ static char *squash_slash(char *name)
 	return name;
 }
 
-static char *find_name_gnu(const char *line, char *def, int p_value)
+static char *find_name_gnu(const char *line, const char *def, int p_value)
 {
 	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *cp;
 
 	/*
 	 * Proposed "new-style" GNU patch/diff format; see
-	 * http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
+	 * http://marc.info/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
 	 */
 	if (unquote_c_style(&name, line, NULL)) {
 		strbuf_release(&name);
@@ -439,11 +493,7 @@ static char *find_name_gnu(const char *line, char *def, int p_value)
 		cp++;
 	}
 
-	/* name can later be freed, so we need
-	 * to memmove, not just return cp
-	 */
 	strbuf_remove(&name, 0, cp - name.buf);
-	free(def);
 	if (root)
 		strbuf_insert(&name, 0, root, root_len);
 	return squash_slash(strbuf_detach(&name, NULL));
@@ -608,8 +658,8 @@ static size_t diff_timestamp_len(const char *line, size_t len)
 	return line + len - end;
 }
 
-static char *find_name_common(const char *line, char *def, int p_value,
-				const char *end, int terminate)
+static char *find_name_common(const char *line, const char *def,
+			      int p_value, const char *end, int terminate)
 {
 	int len;
 	const char *start = NULL;
@@ -630,10 +680,10 @@ static char *find_name_common(const char *line, char *def, int p_value,
 			start = line;
 	}
 	if (!start)
-		return squash_slash(def);
+		return squash_slash(xstrdup_or_null(def));
 	len = line - start;
 	if (!len)
-		return squash_slash(def);
+		return squash_slash(xstrdup_or_null(def));
 
 	/*
 	 * Generally we prefer the shorter name, especially
@@ -644,8 +694,7 @@ static char *find_name_common(const char *line, char *def, int p_value,
 	if (def) {
 		int deflen = strlen(def);
 		if (deflen < len && !strncmp(start, def, deflen))
-			return squash_slash(def);
-		free(def);
+			return squash_slash(xstrdup(def));
 	}
 
 	if (root) {
@@ -672,7 +721,7 @@ static char *find_name(const char *line, char *def, int p_value, int terminate)
 
 static char *find_name_traditional(const char *line, char *def, int p_value)
 {
-	size_t len = strlen(line);
+	size_t len;
 	size_t date_len;
 
 	if (*line == '"') {
@@ -770,7 +819,7 @@ static int has_epoch_timestamp(const char *nameline)
 	if (!stamp) {
 		stamp = xmalloc(sizeof(*stamp));
 		if (regcomp(stamp, stamp_regexp, REG_EXTENDED)) {
-			warning("Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s",
+			warning(_("Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"),
 				stamp_regexp);
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -779,7 +828,7 @@ static int has_epoch_timestamp(const char *nameline)
 	status = regexec(stamp, timestamp, ARRAY_SIZE(m), m, 0);
 	if (status) {
 		if (status != REG_NOMATCH)
-			warning("regexec returned %d for input: %s",
+			warning(_("regexec returned %d for input: %s"),
 				status, timestamp);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -842,8 +891,10 @@ static void parse_traditional_patch(const char *first, const char *second, struc
 		name = find_name_traditional(first, NULL, p_value);
 		patch->old_name = name;
 	} else {
-		name = find_name_traditional(first, NULL, p_value);
-		name = find_name_traditional(second, name, p_value);
+		char *first_name;
+		first_name = find_name_traditional(first, NULL, p_value);
+		name = find_name_traditional(second, first_name, p_value);
+		free(first_name);
 		if (has_epoch_timestamp(first)) {
 			patch->is_new = 1;
 			patch->is_delete = 0;
@@ -853,11 +904,12 @@ static void parse_traditional_patch(const char *first, const char *second, struc
 			patch->is_delete = 1;
 			patch->old_name = name;
 		} else {
-			patch->old_name = patch->new_name = name;
+			patch->old_name = name;
+			patch->new_name = xstrdup_or_null(name);
 		}
 	}
 	if (!name)
-		die("unable to find filename in patch at line %d", linenr);
+		die(_("unable to find filename in patch at line %d"), linenr);
 }
 
 static int gitdiff_hdrend(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
@@ -874,7 +926,10 @@ static int gitdiff_hdrend(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
  * their names against any previous information, just
  * to make sure..
  */
-static char *gitdiff_verify_name(const char *line, int isnull, char *orig_name, const char *oldnew)
+#define DIFF_OLD_NAME 0
+#define DIFF_NEW_NAME 1
+
+static char *gitdiff_verify_name(const char *line, int isnull, char *orig_name, int side)
 {
 	if (!orig_name && !isnull)
 		return find_name(line, NULL, p_value, TERM_TAB);
@@ -886,30 +941,40 @@ static char *gitdiff_verify_name(const char *line, int isnull, char *orig_name,
 		name = orig_name;
 		len = strlen(name);
 		if (isnull)
-			die("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d", name, linenr);
+			die(_("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"), name, linenr);
 		another = find_name(line, NULL, p_value, TERM_TAB);
 		if (!another || memcmp(another, name, len + 1))
-			die("git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent %s filename on line %d", oldnew, linenr);
+			die((side == DIFF_NEW_NAME) ?
+			    _("git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d") :
+			    _("git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"), linenr);
 		free(another);
 		return orig_name;
 	}
 	else {
 		/* expect "/dev/null" */
 		if (memcmp("/dev/null", line, 9) || line[9] != '\n')
-			die("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d", linenr);
+			die(_("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"), linenr);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 }
 
 static int gitdiff_oldname(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	patch->old_name = gitdiff_verify_name(line, patch->is_new, patch->old_name, "old");
+	char *orig = patch->old_name;
+	patch->old_name = gitdiff_verify_name(line, patch->is_new, patch->old_name,
+					      DIFF_OLD_NAME);
+	if (orig != patch->old_name)
+		free(orig);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int gitdiff_newname(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	patch->new_name = gitdiff_verify_name(line, patch->is_delete, patch->new_name, "new");
+	char *orig = patch->new_name;
+	patch->new_name = gitdiff_verify_name(line, patch->is_delete, patch->new_name,
+					      DIFF_NEW_NAME);
+	if (orig != patch->new_name)
+		free(orig);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -928,20 +993,23 @@ static int gitdiff_newmode(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 static int gitdiff_delete(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_delete = 1;
-	patch->old_name = patch->def_name;
+	free(patch->old_name);
+	patch->old_name = xstrdup_or_null(patch->def_name);
 	return gitdiff_oldmode(line, patch);
 }
 
 static int gitdiff_newfile(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_new = 1;
-	patch->new_name = patch->def_name;
+	free(patch->new_name);
+	patch->new_name = xstrdup_or_null(patch->def_name);
 	return gitdiff_newmode(line, patch);
 }
 
 static int gitdiff_copysrc(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_copy = 1;
+	free(patch->old_name);
 	patch->old_name = find_name(line, NULL, p_value ? p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -949,6 +1017,7 @@ static int gitdiff_copysrc(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 static int gitdiff_copydst(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_copy = 1;
+	free(patch->new_name);
 	patch->new_name = find_name(line, NULL, p_value ? p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -956,6 +1025,7 @@ static int gitdiff_copydst(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 static int gitdiff_renamesrc(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_rename = 1;
+	free(patch->old_name);
 	patch->old_name = find_name(line, NULL, p_value ? p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -963,21 +1033,24 @@ static int gitdiff_renamesrc(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 static int gitdiff_renamedst(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	patch->is_rename = 1;
+	free(patch->new_name);
 	patch->new_name = find_name(line, NULL, p_value ? p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int gitdiff_similarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
-		patch->score = 0;
+	unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	if (val <= 100)
+		patch->score = val;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int gitdiff_dissimilarity(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 {
-	if ((patch->score = strtoul(line, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX)
-		patch->score = 0;
+	unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
+	if (val <= 100)
+		patch->score = val;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -999,7 +1072,7 @@ static int gitdiff_index(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 
 	line = ptr + 2;
 	ptr = strchr(line, ' ');
-	eol = strchr(line, '\n');
+	eol = strchrnul(line, '\n');
 
 	if (!ptr || eol < ptr)
 		ptr = eol;
@@ -1023,15 +1096,23 @@ static int gitdiff_unrecognized(const char *line, struct patch *patch)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static const char *stop_at_slash(const char *line, int llen)
+/*
+ * Skip p_value leading components from "line"; as we do not accept
+ * absolute paths, return NULL in that case.
+ */
+static const char *skip_tree_prefix(const char *line, int llen)
 {
-	int nslash = p_value;
+	int nslash;
 	int i;
 
+	if (!p_value)
+		return (llen && line[0] == '/') ? NULL : line;
+
+	nslash = p_value;
 	for (i = 0; i < llen; i++) {
 		int ch = line[i];
 		if (ch == '/' && --nslash <= 0)
-			return &line[i];
+			return (i == 0) ? NULL : &line[i + 1];
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -1044,7 +1125,7 @@ static const char *stop_at_slash(const char *line, int llen)
  * creation or deletion of an empty file.  In any of these cases,
  * both sides are the same name under a/ and b/ respectively.
  */
-static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
+static char *git_header_name(const char *line, int llen)
 {
 	const char *name;
 	const char *second = NULL;
@@ -1061,12 +1142,11 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 		if (unquote_c_style(&first, line, &second))
 			goto free_and_fail1;
 
-		/* advance to the first slash */
-		cp = stop_at_slash(first.buf, first.len);
-		/* we do not accept absolute paths */
-		if (!cp || cp == first.buf)
+		/* strip the a/b prefix including trailing slash */
+		cp = skip_tree_prefix(first.buf, first.len);
+		if (!cp)
 			goto free_and_fail1;
-		strbuf_remove(&first, 0, cp + 1 - first.buf);
+		strbuf_remove(&first, 0, cp - first.buf);
 
 		/*
 		 * second points at one past closing dq of name.
@@ -1080,22 +1160,21 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 		if (*second == '"') {
 			if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
 				goto free_and_fail1;
-			cp = stop_at_slash(sp.buf, sp.len);
-			if (!cp || cp == sp.buf)
+			cp = skip_tree_prefix(sp.buf, sp.len);
+			if (!cp)
 				goto free_and_fail1;
 			/* They must match, otherwise ignore */
-			if (strcmp(cp + 1, first.buf))
+			if (strcmp(cp, first.buf))
 				goto free_and_fail1;
 			strbuf_release(&sp);
 			return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
 		}
 
 		/* unquoted second */
-		cp = stop_at_slash(second, line + llen - second);
-		if (!cp || cp == second)
+		cp = skip_tree_prefix(second, line + llen - second);
+		if (!cp)
 			goto free_and_fail1;
-		cp++;
-		if (line + llen - cp != first.len + 1 ||
+		if (line + llen - cp != first.len ||
 		    memcmp(first.buf, cp, first.len))
 			goto free_and_fail1;
 		return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
@@ -1107,10 +1186,9 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 	}
 
 	/* unquoted first name */
-	name = stop_at_slash(line, llen);
-	if (!name || name == line)
+	name = skip_tree_prefix(line, llen);
+	if (!name)
 		return NULL;
-	name++;
 
 	/*
 	 * since the first name is unquoted, a dq if exists must be
@@ -1124,10 +1202,9 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 			if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
 				goto free_and_fail2;
 
-			np = stop_at_slash(sp.buf, sp.len);
-			if (!np || np == sp.buf)
+			np = skip_tree_prefix(sp.buf, sp.len);
+			if (!np)
 				goto free_and_fail2;
-			np++;
 
 			len = sp.buf + sp.len - np;
 			if (len < second - name &&
@@ -1159,19 +1236,33 @@ static char *git_header_name(char *line, int llen)
 		case '\n':
 			return NULL;
 		case '\t': case ' ':
-			second = stop_at_slash(name + len, line_len - len);
+			/*
+			 * Is this the separator between the preimage
+			 * and the postimage pathname?  Again, we are
+			 * only interested in the case where there is
+			 * no rename, as this is only to set def_name
+			 * and a rename patch has the names elsewhere
+			 * in an unambiguous form.
+			 */
+			if (!name[len + 1])
+				return NULL; /* no postimage name */
+			second = skip_tree_prefix(name + len + 1,
+						  line_len - (len + 1));
 			if (!second)
 				return NULL;
-			second++;
-			if (second[len] == '\n' && !strncmp(name, second, len)) {
+			/*
+			 * Does len bytes starting at "name" and "second"
+			 * (that are separated by one HT or SP we just
+			 * found) exactly match?
+			 */
+			if (second[len] == '\n' && !strncmp(name, second, len))
 				return xmemdupz(name, len);
-			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 /* Verify that we recognize the lines following a git header */
-static int parse_git_header(char *line, int len, unsigned int size, struct patch *patch)
+static int parse_git_header(const char *line, int len, unsigned int size, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	unsigned long offset;
 
@@ -1187,9 +1278,7 @@ static int parse_git_header(char *line, int len, unsigned int size, struct patch
 	 */
 	patch->def_name = git_header_name(line, len);
 	if (patch->def_name && root) {
-		char *s = xmalloc(root_len + strlen(patch->def_name) + 1);
-		strcpy(s, root);
-		strcpy(s + root_len, patch->def_name);
+		char *s = xstrfmt("%s%s", root, patch->def_name);
 		free(patch->def_name);
 		patch->def_name = s;
 	}
@@ -1287,7 +1376,7 @@ static int parse_range(const char *line, int len, int offset, const char *expect
 	return offset + ex;
 }
 
-static void recount_diff(char *line, int size, struct fragment *fragment)
+static void recount_diff(const char *line, int size, struct fragment *fragment)
 {
 	int oldlines = 0, newlines = 0, ret = 0;
 
@@ -1317,17 +1406,17 @@ static void recount_diff(char *line, int size, struct fragment *fragment)
 		case '\\':
 			continue;
 		case '@':
-			ret = size < 3 || prefixcmp(line, "@@ ");
+			ret = size < 3 || !starts_with(line, "@@ ");
 			break;
 		case 'd':
-			ret = size < 5 || prefixcmp(line, "diff ");
+			ret = size < 5 || !starts_with(line, "diff ");
 			break;
 		default:
 			ret = -1;
 			break;
 		}
 		if (ret) {
-			warning("recount: unexpected line: %.*s",
+			warning(_("recount: unexpected line: %.*s"),
 				(int)linelen(line, size), line);
 			return;
 		}
@@ -1341,7 +1430,7 @@ static void recount_diff(char *line, int size, struct fragment *fragment)
  * Parse a unified diff fragment header of the
  * form "@@ -a,b +c,d @@"
  */
-static int parse_fragment_header(char *line, int len, struct fragment *fragment)
+static int parse_fragment_header(const char *line, int len, struct fragment *fragment)
 {
 	int offset;
 
@@ -1355,7 +1444,7 @@ static int parse_fragment_header(char *line, int len, struct fragment *fragment)
 	return offset;
 }
 
-static int find_header(char *line, unsigned long size, int *hdrsize, struct patch *patch)
+static int find_header(const char *line, unsigned long size, int *hdrsize, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	unsigned long offset, len;
 
@@ -1384,7 +1473,7 @@ static int find_header(char *line, unsigned long size, int *hdrsize, struct patc
 			struct fragment dummy;
 			if (parse_fragment_header(line, len, &dummy) < 0)
 				continue;
-			die("patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s",
+			die(_("patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"),
 			    linenr, (int)len-1, line);
 		}
 
@@ -1401,9 +1490,14 @@ static int find_header(char *line, unsigned long size, int *hdrsize, struct patc
 				continue;
 			if (!patch->old_name && !patch->new_name) {
 				if (!patch->def_name)
-					die("git diff header lacks filename information when removing "
-					    "%d leading pathname components (line %d)" , p_value, linenr);
-				patch->old_name = patch->new_name = patch->def_name;
+					die(Q_("git diff header lacks filename information when removing "
+					       "%d leading pathname component (line %d)",
+					       "git diff header lacks filename information when removing "
+					       "%d leading pathname components (line %d)",
+					       p_value),
+					    p_value, linenr);
+				patch->old_name = xstrdup(patch->def_name);
+				patch->new_name = xstrdup(patch->def_name);
 			}
 			if (!patch->is_delete && !patch->new_name)
 				die("git diff header lacks filename information "
@@ -1466,7 +1560,7 @@ static void check_whitespace(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule)
  * between a "---" that is part of a patch, and a "---" that starts
  * the next patch is to look at the line counts..
  */
-static int parse_fragment(char *line, unsigned long size,
+static int parse_fragment(const char *line, unsigned long size,
 			  struct patch *patch, struct fragment *fragment)
 {
 	int added, deleted;
@@ -1507,6 +1601,9 @@ static int parse_fragment(char *line, unsigned long size,
 			if (!deleted && !added)
 				leading++;
 			trailing++;
+			if (!apply_in_reverse &&
+			    ws_error_action == correct_ws_error)
+				check_whitespace(line, len, patch->ws_rule);
 			break;
 		case '-':
 			if (apply_in_reverse &&
@@ -1556,13 +1653,21 @@ static int parse_fragment(char *line, unsigned long size,
 	patch->lines_deleted += deleted;
 
 	if (0 < patch->is_new && oldlines)
-		return error("new file depends on old contents");
+		return error(_("new file depends on old contents"));
 	if (0 < patch->is_delete && newlines)
-		return error("deleted file still has contents");
+		return error(_("deleted file still has contents"));
 	return offset;
 }
 
-static int parse_single_patch(char *line, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
+/*
+ * We have seen "diff --git a/... b/..." header (or a traditional patch
+ * header).  Read hunks that belong to this patch into fragments and hang
+ * them to the given patch structure.
+ *
+ * The (fragment->patch, fragment->size) pair points into the memory given
+ * by the caller, not a copy, when we return.
+ */
+static int parse_single_patch(const char *line, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	unsigned long offset = 0;
 	unsigned long oldlines = 0, newlines = 0, context = 0;
@@ -1576,7 +1681,7 @@ static int parse_single_patch(char *line, unsigned long size, struct patch *patc
 		fragment->linenr = linenr;
 		len = parse_fragment(line, size, patch, fragment);
 		if (len <= 0)
-			die("corrupt patch at line %d", linenr);
+			die(_("corrupt patch at line %d"), linenr);
 		fragment->patch = line;
 		fragment->size = len;
 		oldlines += fragment->oldlines;
@@ -1612,12 +1717,14 @@ static int parse_single_patch(char *line, unsigned long size, struct patch *patc
 		patch->is_delete = 0;
 
 	if (0 < patch->is_new && oldlines)
-		die("new file %s depends on old contents", patch->new_name);
+		die(_("new file %s depends on old contents"), patch->new_name);
 	if (0 < patch->is_delete && newlines)
-		die("deleted file %s still has contents", patch->old_name);
+		die(_("deleted file %s still has contents"), patch->old_name);
 	if (!patch->is_delete && !newlines && context)
-		fprintf(stderr, "** warning: file %s becomes empty but "
-			"is not deleted\n", patch->new_name);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   _("** warning: "
+			     "file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"),
+			   patch->new_name);
 
 	return offset;
 }
@@ -1655,6 +1762,11 @@ static char *inflate_it(const void *data, unsigned long size,
 	return out;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Read a binary hunk and return a new fragment; fragment->patch
+ * points at an allocated memory that the caller must free, so
+ * it is marked as "->free_patch = 1".
+ */
 static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(char **buf_p,
 					  unsigned long *sz_p,
 					  int *status_p,
@@ -1686,11 +1798,11 @@ static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(char **buf_p,
 
 	*status_p = 0;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "delta ")) {
+	if (starts_with(buffer, "delta ")) {
 		patch_method = BINARY_DELTA_DEFLATED;
 		origlen = strtoul(buffer + 6, NULL, 10);
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "literal ")) {
+	else if (starts_with(buffer, "literal ")) {
 		patch_method = BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED;
 		origlen = strtoul(buffer + 8, NULL, 10);
 	}
@@ -1742,6 +1854,7 @@ static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(char **buf_p,
 
 	frag = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*frag));
 	frag->patch = inflate_it(data, hunk_size, origlen);
+	frag->free_patch = 1;
 	if (!frag->patch)
 		goto corrupt;
 	free(data);
@@ -1755,7 +1868,7 @@ static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(char **buf_p,
  corrupt:
 	free(data);
 	*status_p = -1;
-	error("corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s",
+	error(_("corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"),
 	      linenr-1, llen-1, buffer);
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -1784,7 +1897,7 @@ static int parse_binary(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 	forward = parse_binary_hunk(&buffer, &size, &status, &used);
 	if (!forward && !status)
 		/* there has to be one hunk (forward hunk) */
-		return error("unrecognized binary patch at line %d", linenr-1);
+		return error(_("unrecognized binary patch at line %d"), linenr-1);
 	if (status)
 		/* otherwise we already gave an error message */
 		return status;
@@ -1807,6 +1920,73 @@ static int parse_binary(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 	return used;
 }
 
+static void prefix_one(char **name)
+{
+	char *old_name = *name;
+	if (!old_name)
+		return;
+	*name = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, *name));
+	free(old_name);
+}
+
+static void prefix_patch(struct patch *p)
+{
+	if (!prefix || p->is_toplevel_relative)
+		return;
+	prefix_one(&p->new_name);
+	prefix_one(&p->old_name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * include/exclude
+ */
+
+static struct string_list limit_by_name;
+static int has_include;
+static void add_name_limit(const char *name, int exclude)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *it;
+
+	it = string_list_append(&limit_by_name, name);
+	it->util = exclude ? NULL : (void *) 1;
+}
+
+static int use_patch(struct patch *p)
+{
+	const char *pathname = p->new_name ? p->new_name : p->old_name;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Paths outside are not touched regardless of "--include" */
+	if (0 < prefix_length) {
+		int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
+		if (pathlen <= prefix_length ||
+		    memcmp(prefix, pathname, prefix_length))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* See if it matches any of exclude/include rule */
+	for (i = 0; i < limit_by_name.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *it = &limit_by_name.items[i];
+		if (!wildmatch(it->string, pathname, 0, NULL))
+			return (it->util != NULL);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we had any include, a path that does not match any rule is
+	 * not used.  Otherwise, we saw bunch of exclude rules (or none)
+	 * and such a path is used.
+	 */
+	return !has_include;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Read the patch text in "buffer" that extends for "size" bytes; stop
+ * reading after seeing a single patch (i.e. changes to a single file).
+ * Create fragments (i.e. patch hunks) and hang them to the given patch.
+ * Return the number of bytes consumed, so that the caller can call us
+ * again for the next patch.
+ */
 static int parse_chunk(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	int hdrsize, patchsize;
@@ -1815,21 +1995,20 @@ static int parse_chunk(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 	if (offset < 0)
 		return offset;
 
-	patch->ws_rule = whitespace_rule(patch->new_name
-					 ? patch->new_name
-					 : patch->old_name);
+	prefix_patch(patch);
+
+	if (!use_patch(patch))
+		patch->ws_rule = 0;
+	else
+		patch->ws_rule = whitespace_rule(patch->new_name
+						 ? patch->new_name
+						 : patch->old_name);
 
 	patchsize = parse_single_patch(buffer + offset + hdrsize,
 				       size - offset - hdrsize, patch);
 
 	if (!patchsize) {
-		static const char *binhdr[] = {
-			"Binary files ",
-			"Files ",
-			NULL,
-		};
 		static const char git_binary[] = "GIT binary patch\n";
-		int i;
 		int hd = hdrsize + offset;
 		unsigned long llen = linelen(buffer + hd, size - hd);
 
@@ -1845,6 +2024,12 @@ static int parse_chunk(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 				patchsize = 0;
 		}
 		else if (!memcmp(" differ\n", buffer + hd + llen - 8, 8)) {
+			static const char *binhdr[] = {
+				"Binary files ",
+				"Files ",
+				NULL,
+			};
+			int i;
 			for (i = 0; binhdr[i]; i++) {
 				int len = strlen(binhdr[i]);
 				if (len < size - hd &&
@@ -1863,7 +2048,7 @@ static int parse_chunk(char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 		 */
 		if ((apply || check) &&
 		    (!patch->is_binary && !metadata_changes(patch)))
-			die("patch with only garbage at line %d", linenr);
+			die(_("patch with only garbage at line %d"), linenr);
 	}
 
 	return offset + hdrsize + patchsize;
@@ -1953,11 +2138,11 @@ static int read_old_data(struct stat *st, const char *path, struct strbuf *buf)
 	switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
 	case S_IFLNK:
 		if (strbuf_readlink(buf, path, st->st_size) < 0)
-			return error("unable to read symlink %s", path);
+			return error(_("unable to read symlink %s"), path);
 		return 0;
 	case S_IFREG:
 		if (strbuf_read_file(buf, path, st->st_size) != st->st_size)
-			return error("unable to open or read %s", path);
+			return error(_("unable to open or read %s"), path);
 		convert_to_git(path, buf->buf, buf->len, buf, 0);
 		return 0;
 	default:
@@ -1977,7 +2162,7 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 				   char *buf,
 				   size_t len, size_t postlen)
 {
-	int i, ctx;
+	int i, ctx, reduced;
 	char *new, *old, *fixed;
 	struct image fixed_preimage;
 
@@ -1987,18 +2172,20 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 	 * free "oldlines".
 	 */
 	prepare_image(&fixed_preimage, buf, len, 1);
-	assert(fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < preimage->nr; i++)
+	assert(postlen
+	       ? fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr
+	       : fixed_preimage.nr <= preimage->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < fixed_preimage.nr; i++)
 		fixed_preimage.line[i].flag = preimage->line[i].flag;
 	free(preimage->line_allocated);
 	*preimage = fixed_preimage;
 
 	/*
 	 * Adjust the common context lines in postimage. This can be
-	 * done in-place when we are just doing whitespace fixing,
-	 * which does not make the string grow, but needs a new buffer
-	 * when ignoring whitespace causes the update, since in this case
-	 * we could have e.g. tabs converted to multiple spaces.
+	 * done in-place when we are shrinking it with whitespace
+	 * fixing, but needs a new buffer when ignoring whitespace or
+	 * expanding leading tabs to spaces.
+	 *
 	 * We trust the caller to tell us if the update can be done
 	 * in place (postlen==0) or not.
 	 */
@@ -2008,7 +2195,8 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 	else
 		new = old;
 	fixed = preimage->buf;
-	for (i = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
+
+	for (i = reduced = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
 		size_t len = postimage->line[i].len;
 		if (!(postimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)) {
 			/* an added line -- no counterparts in preimage */
@@ -2027,8 +2215,15 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 			fixed += preimage->line[ctx].len;
 			ctx++;
 		}
-		if (preimage->nr <= ctx)
-			die("oops");
+
+		/*
+		 * preimage is expected to run out, if the caller
+		 * fixed addition of trailing blank lines.
+		 */
+		if (preimage->nr <= ctx) {
+			reduced++;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		/* and copy it in, while fixing the line length */
 		len = preimage->line[ctx].len;
@@ -2039,8 +2234,15 @@ static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 		ctx++;
 	}
 
+	if (postlen
+	    ? postlen < new - postimage->buf
+	    : postimage->len < new - postimage->buf)
+		die("BUG: caller miscounted postlen: asked %d, orig = %d, used = %d",
+		    (int)postlen, (int) postimage->len, (int)(new - postimage->buf));
+
 	/* Fix the length of the whole thing */
 	postimage->len = new - postimage->buf;
+	postimage->nr -= reduced;
 }
 
 static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
@@ -2054,7 +2256,7 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 	int i;
 	char *fixed_buf, *buf, *orig, *target;
 	struct strbuf fixed;
-	size_t fixed_len;
+	size_t fixed_len, postlen;
 	int preimage_limit;
 
 	if (preimage->nr + try_lno <= img->nr) {
@@ -2193,10 +2395,27 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 
 	/*
 	 * The hunk does not apply byte-by-byte, but the hash says
-	 * it might with whitespace fuzz. We haven't been asked to
+	 * it might with whitespace fuzz. We weren't asked to
 	 * ignore whitespace, we were asked to correct whitespace
 	 * errors, so let's try matching after whitespace correction.
 	 *
+	 * While checking the preimage against the target, whitespace
+	 * errors in both fixed, we count how large the corresponding
+	 * postimage needs to be.  The postimage prepared by
+	 * apply_one_fragment() has whitespace errors fixed on added
+	 * lines already, but the common lines were propagated as-is,
+	 * which may become longer when their whitespace errors are
+	 * fixed.
+	 */
+
+	/* First count added lines in postimage */
+	postlen = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
+		if (!(postimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON))
+			postlen += postimage->line[i].len;
+	}
+
+	/*
 	 * The preimage may extend beyond the end of the file,
 	 * but in this loop we will only handle the part of the
 	 * preimage that falls within the file.
@@ -2232,6 +2451,10 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 			 !memcmp(tgtfix.buf, fixed.buf + fixstart,
 					     fixed.len - fixstart));
 
+		/* Add the length if this is common with the postimage */
+		if (preimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)
+			postlen += tgtfix.len;
+
 		strbuf_release(&tgtfix);
 		if (!match)
 			goto unmatch_exit;
@@ -2268,8 +2491,10 @@ static int match_fragment(struct image *img,
 	 * hunk match.  Update the context lines in the postimage.
 	 */
 	fixed_buf = strbuf_detach(&fixed, &fixed_len);
+	if (postlen < postimage->len)
+		postlen = 0;
 	update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
-			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, 0);
+			       fixed_buf, fixed_len, postlen);
 	return 1;
 
  unmatch_exit:
@@ -2367,6 +2592,11 @@ static void remove_last_line(struct image *img)
 	img->len -= img->line[--img->nr].len;
 }
 
+/*
+ * The change from "preimage" and "postimage" has been found to
+ * apply at applied_pos (counts in line numbers) in "img".
+ * Update "img" to remove "preimage" and replace it with "postimage".
+ */
 static void update_image(struct image *img,
 			 int applied_pos,
 			 struct image *preimage,
@@ -2421,7 +2651,7 @@ static void update_image(struct image *img,
 		 * NOTE: this knows that we never call remove_first_line()
 		 * on anything other than pre/post image.
 		 */
-		img->line = xrealloc(img->line, nr * sizeof(*img->line));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(img->line, nr);
 		img->line_allocated = img->line;
 	}
 	if (preimage_limit != postimage->nr)
@@ -2438,6 +2668,11 @@ static void update_image(struct image *img,
 	img->nr = nr;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Use the patch-hunk text in "frag" to prepare two images (preimage and
+ * postimage) for the hunk.  Find lines that match "preimage" in "img" and
+ * replace the part of "img" with "postimage" text.
+ */
 static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 			      int inaccurate_eof, unsigned ws_rule,
 			      int nth_fragment)
@@ -2540,8 +2775,9 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 			break;
 		default:
 			if (apply_verbosely)
-				error("invalid start of line: '%c'", first);
-			return -1;
+				error(_("invalid start of line: '%c'"), first);
+			applied_pos = -1;
+			goto out;
 		}
 		if (added_blank_line) {
 			if (!new_blank_lines_at_end)
@@ -2657,9 +2893,11 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 			int offset = applied_pos - pos;
 			if (apply_in_reverse)
 				offset = 0 - offset;
-			fprintf(stderr,
-				"Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines).\n",
-				nth_fragment, applied_pos + 1, offset);
+			fprintf_ln(stderr,
+				   Q_("Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line).",
+				      "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines).",
+				      offset),
+				   nth_fragment, applied_pos + 1, offset);
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -2668,16 +2906,17 @@ static int apply_one_fragment(struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 		 */
 		if ((leading != frag->leading) ||
 		    (trailing != frag->trailing))
-			fprintf(stderr, "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld)"
-				" to apply fragment at %d\n",
-				leading, trailing, applied_pos+1);
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Context reduced to (%ld/%ld)"
+					     " to apply fragment at %d"),
+				   leading, trailing, applied_pos+1);
 		update_image(img, applied_pos, &preimage, &postimage);
 	} else {
 		if (apply_verbosely)
-			error("while searching for:\n%.*s",
+			error(_("while searching for:\n%.*s"),
 			      (int)(old - oldlines), oldlines);
 	}
 
+out:
 	free(oldlines);
 	strbuf_release(&newlines);
 	free(preimage.line_allocated);
@@ -2693,7 +2932,7 @@ static int apply_binary_fragment(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 	void *dst;
 
 	if (!fragment)
-		return error("missing binary patch data for '%s'",
+		return error(_("missing binary patch data for '%s'"),
 			     patch->new_name ?
 			     patch->new_name :
 			     patch->old_name);
@@ -2720,14 +2959,18 @@ static int apply_binary_fragment(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 	case BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED:
 		clear_image(img);
 		img->len = fragment->size;
-		img->buf = xmalloc(img->len+1);
-		memcpy(img->buf, fragment->patch, img->len);
-		img->buf[img->len] = '\0';
+		img->buf = xmemdupz(fragment->patch, img->len);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Replace "img" with the result of applying the binary patch.
+ * The binary patch data itself in patch->fragment is still kept
+ * but the preimage prepared by the caller in "img" is freed here
+ * or in the helper function apply_binary_fragment() this calls.
+ */
 static int apply_binary(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 {
 	const char *name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
@@ -2790,13 +3033,13 @@ static int apply_binary(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 		 * in the patch->fragments->{patch,size}.
 		 */
 		if (apply_binary_fragment(img, patch))
-			return error("binary patch does not apply to '%s'",
+			return error(_("binary patch does not apply to '%s'"),
 				     name);
 
 		/* verify that the result matches */
 		hash_sha1_file(img->buf, img->len, blob_type, sha1);
 		if (strcmp(sha1_to_hex(sha1), patch->new_sha1_prefix))
-			return error("binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)",
+			return error(_("binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"),
 				name, patch->new_sha1_prefix, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
 
@@ -2817,7 +3060,7 @@ static int apply_fragments(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 	while (frag) {
 		nth++;
 		if (apply_one_fragment(img, frag, inaccurate_eof, ws_rule, nth)) {
-			error("patch failed: %s:%ld", name, frag->oldpos);
+			error(_("patch failed: %s:%ld"), name, frag->oldpos);
 			if (!apply_with_reject)
 				return -1;
 			frag->rejected = 1;
@@ -2827,20 +3070,17 @@ static int apply_fragments(struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_file_or_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
+static int read_blob_object(struct strbuf *buf, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned mode)
 {
-	if (!ce)
-		return 0;
-
-	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
 		strbuf_grow(buf, 100);
-		strbuf_addf(buf, "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	} else {
 		enum object_type type;
 		unsigned long sz;
 		char *result;
 
-		result = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &sz);
+		result = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &sz);
 		if (!result)
 			return -1;
 		/* XXX read_sha1_file NUL-terminates */
@@ -2849,6 +3089,13 @@ static int read_file_or_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int read_file_or_gitlink(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (!ce)
+		return 0;
+	return read_blob_object(buf, ce->sha1, ce->ce_mode);
+}
+
 static struct patch *in_fn_table(const char *name)
 {
 	struct string_list_item *item;
@@ -2867,9 +3114,15 @@ static struct patch *in_fn_table(const char *name)
  * item->util in the filename table records the status of the path.
  * Usually it points at a patch (whose result records the contents
  * of it after applying it), but it could be PATH_WAS_DELETED for a
- * path that a previously applied patch has already removed.
+ * path that a previously applied patch has already removed, or
+ * PATH_TO_BE_DELETED for a path that a later patch would remove.
+ *
+ * The latter is needed to deal with a case where two paths A and B
+ * are swapped by first renaming A to B and then renaming B to A;
+ * moving A to B should not be prevented due to presence of B as we
+ * will remove it in a later patch.
  */
- #define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
+#define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
 #define PATH_WAS_DELETED ((struct patch *) -1)
 
 static int to_be_deleted(struct patch *patch)
@@ -2921,152 +3174,351 @@ static void prepare_fn_table(struct patch *patch)
 	}
 }
 
-static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int checkout_target(struct index_state *istate,
+			   struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	struct checkout costate;
+
+	memset(&costate, 0, sizeof(costate));
+	costate.base_dir = "";
+	costate.refresh_cache = 1;
+	costate.istate = istate;
+	if (checkout_entry(ce, &costate, NULL) || lstat(ce->name, st))
+		return error(_("cannot checkout %s"), ce->name);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct patch *previous_patch(struct patch *patch, int *gone)
+{
+	struct patch *previous;
+
+	*gone = 0;
+	if (patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename)
+		return NULL; /* "git" patches do not depend on the order */
+
+	previous = in_fn_table(patch->old_name);
+	if (!previous)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (to_be_deleted(previous))
+		return NULL; /* the deletion hasn't happened yet */
+
+	if (was_deleted(previous))
+		*gone = 1;
+
+	return previous;
+}
+
+static int verify_index_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+{
+	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
+		if (!S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return ce_match_stat(ce, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
+}
+
+#define SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX 1
+
+static int load_patch_target(struct strbuf *buf,
+			     const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			     struct stat *st,
+			     const char *name,
+			     unsigned expected_mode)
+{
+	if (cached || check_index) {
+		if (read_file_or_gitlink(ce, buf))
+			return error(_("read of %s failed"), name);
+	} else if (name) {
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(expected_mode)) {
+			if (ce)
+				return read_file_or_gitlink(ce, buf);
+			else
+				return SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX;
+		} else if (has_symlink_leading_path(name, strlen(name))) {
+			return error(_("reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"), name);
+		} else {
+			if (read_old_data(st, name, buf))
+				return error(_("read of %s failed"), name);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We are about to apply "patch"; populate the "image" with the
+ * current version we have, from the working tree or from the index,
+ * depending on the situation e.g. --cached/--index.  If we are
+ * applying a non-git patch that incrementally updates the tree,
+ * we read from the result of a previous diff.
+ */
+static int load_preimage(struct image *image,
+			 struct patch *patch, struct stat *st,
+			 const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct image image;
 	size_t len;
 	char *img;
-	struct patch *tpatch;
+	struct patch *previous;
+	int status;
 
-	if (!(patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename) &&
-	    (tpatch = in_fn_table(patch->old_name)) != NULL && !to_be_deleted(tpatch)) {
-		if (was_deleted(tpatch)) {
-			return error("patch %s has been renamed/deleted",
-				patch->old_name);
-		}
-		/* We have a patched copy in memory use that */
-		strbuf_add(&buf, tpatch->result, tpatch->resultsize);
-	} else if (cached) {
-		if (read_file_or_gitlink(ce, &buf))
-			return error("read of %s failed", patch->old_name);
-	} else if (patch->old_name) {
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
-			if (ce) {
-				read_file_or_gitlink(ce, &buf);
-			} else {
-				/*
-				 * There is no way to apply subproject
-				 * patch without looking at the index.
-				 */
-				patch->fragments = NULL;
-			}
-		} else {
-			if (read_old_data(st, patch->old_name, &buf))
-				return error("read of %s failed", patch->old_name);
+	previous = previous_patch(patch, &status);
+	if (status)
+		return error(_("path %s has been renamed/deleted"),
+			     patch->old_name);
+	if (previous) {
+		/* We have a patched copy in memory; use that. */
+		strbuf_add(&buf, previous->result, previous->resultsize);
+	} else {
+		status = load_patch_target(&buf, ce, st,
+					   patch->old_name, patch->old_mode);
+		if (status < 0)
+			return status;
+		else if (status == SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX) {
+			/*
+			 * There is no way to apply subproject
+			 * patch without looking at the index.
+			 * NEEDSWORK: shouldn't this be flagged
+			 * as an error???
+			 */
+			free_fragment_list(patch->fragments);
+			patch->fragments = NULL;
+		} else if (status) {
+			return error(_("read of %s failed"), patch->old_name);
 		}
 	}
 
 	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
-	prepare_image(&image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
+	prepare_image(image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	if (apply_fragments(&image, patch) < 0)
-		return -1; /* note with --reject this succeeds. */
-	patch->result = image.buf;
-	patch->resultsize = image.len;
-	add_to_fn_table(patch);
-	free(image.line_allocated);
+static int three_way_merge(struct image *image,
+			   char *path,
+			   const unsigned char *base,
+			   const unsigned char *ours,
+			   const unsigned char *theirs)
+{
+	mmfile_t base_file, our_file, their_file;
+	mmbuffer_t result = { NULL };
+	int status;
 
-	if (0 < patch->is_delete && patch->resultsize)
-		return error("removal patch leaves file contents");
+	read_mmblob(&base_file, base);
+	read_mmblob(&our_file, ours);
+	read_mmblob(&their_file, theirs);
+	status = ll_merge(&result, path,
+			  &base_file, "base",
+			  &our_file, "ours",
+			  &their_file, "theirs", NULL);
+	free(base_file.ptr);
+	free(our_file.ptr);
+	free(their_file.ptr);
+	if (status < 0 || !result.ptr) {
+		free(result.ptr);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	clear_image(image);
+	image->buf = result.ptr;
+	image->len = result.size;
+
+	return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * When directly falling back to add/add three-way merge, we read from
+ * the current contents of the new_name.  In no cases other than that
+ * this function will be called.
+ */
+static int load_current(struct image *image, struct patch *patch)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int status, pos;
+	size_t len;
+	char *img;
+	struct stat st;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	char *name = patch->new_name;
+	unsigned mode = patch->new_mode;
+
+	if (!patch->is_new)
+		die("BUG: patch to %s is not a creation", patch->old_name);
 
+	pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return error(_("%s: does not exist in index"), name);
+	ce = active_cache[pos];
+	if (lstat(name, &st)) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			return error(_("%s: %s"), name, strerror(errno));
+		if (checkout_target(&the_index, ce, &st))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (verify_index_match(ce, &st))
+		return error(_("%s: does not match index"), name);
+
+	status = load_patch_target(&buf, ce, &st, name, mode);
+	if (status < 0)
+		return status;
+	else if (status)
+		return -1;
+	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
+	prepare_image(image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int check_to_create_blob(const char *new_name, int ok_if_exists)
+static int try_threeway(struct image *image, struct patch *patch,
+			struct stat *st, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-	struct stat nst;
-	if (!lstat(new_name, &nst)) {
-		if (S_ISDIR(nst.st_mode) || ok_if_exists)
-			return 0;
-		/*
-		 * A leading component of new_name might be a symlink
-		 * that is going to be removed with this patch, but
-		 * still pointing at somewhere that has the path.
-		 * In such a case, path "new_name" does not exist as
-		 * far as git is concerned.
-		 */
-		if (has_symlink_leading_path(new_name, strlen(new_name)))
-			return 0;
+	unsigned char pre_sha1[20], post_sha1[20], our_sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t len;
+	int status;
+	char *img;
+	struct image tmp_image;
+
+	/* No point falling back to 3-way merge in these cases */
+	if (patch->is_delete ||
+	    S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode) || S_ISGITLINK(patch->new_mode))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Preimage the patch was prepared for */
+	if (patch->is_new)
+		write_sha1_file("", 0, blob_type, pre_sha1);
+	else if (get_sha1(patch->old_sha1_prefix, pre_sha1) ||
+		 read_blob_object(&buf, pre_sha1, patch->old_mode))
+		return error("repository lacks the necessary blob to fall back on 3-way merge.");
 
-		return error("%s: already exists in working directory", new_name);
+	fprintf(stderr, "Falling back to three-way merge...\n");
+
+	img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
+	prepare_image(&tmp_image, img, len, 1);
+	/* Apply the patch to get the post image */
+	if (apply_fragments(&tmp_image, patch) < 0) {
+		clear_image(&tmp_image);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	/* post_sha1[] is theirs */
+	write_sha1_file(tmp_image.buf, tmp_image.len, blob_type, post_sha1);
+	clear_image(&tmp_image);
+
+	/* our_sha1[] is ours */
+	if (patch->is_new) {
+		if (load_current(&tmp_image, patch))
+			return error("cannot read the current contents of '%s'",
+				     patch->new_name);
+	} else {
+		if (load_preimage(&tmp_image, patch, st, ce))
+			return error("cannot read the current contents of '%s'",
+				     patch->old_name);
+	}
+	write_sha1_file(tmp_image.buf, tmp_image.len, blob_type, our_sha1);
+	clear_image(&tmp_image);
+
+	/* in-core three-way merge between post and our using pre as base */
+	status = three_way_merge(image, patch->new_name,
+				 pre_sha1, our_sha1, post_sha1);
+	if (status < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to fall back on three-way merge...\n");
+		return status;
+	}
+
+	if (status) {
+		patch->conflicted_threeway = 1;
+		if (patch->is_new)
+			hashclr(patch->threeway_stage[0]);
+		else
+			hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[0], pre_sha1);
+		hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[1], our_sha1);
+		hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[2], post_sha1);
+		fprintf(stderr, "Applied patch to '%s' with conflicts.\n", patch->new_name);
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Applied patch to '%s' cleanly.\n", patch->new_name);
 	}
-	else if ((errno != ENOENT) && (errno != ENOTDIR))
-		return error("%s: %s", new_name, strerror(errno));
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_index_match(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int apply_data(struct patch *patch, struct stat *st, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
-		if (!S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
+	struct image image;
+
+	if (load_preimage(&image, patch, st, ce) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (patch->direct_to_threeway ||
+	    apply_fragments(&image, patch) < 0) {
+		/* Note: with --reject, apply_fragments() returns 0 */
+		if (!threeway || try_threeway(&image, patch, st, ce) < 0)
 			return -1;
-		return 0;
 	}
-	return ce_match_stat(ce, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
+	patch->result = image.buf;
+	patch->resultsize = image.len;
+	add_to_fn_table(patch);
+	free(image.line_allocated);
+
+	if (0 < patch->is_delete && patch->resultsize)
+		return error(_("removal patch leaves file contents"));
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * If "patch" that we are looking at modifies or deletes what we have,
+ * we would want it not to lose any local modification we have, either
+ * in the working tree or in the index.
+ *
+ * This also decides if a non-git patch is a creation patch or a
+ * modification to an existing empty file.  We do not check the state
+ * of the current tree for a creation patch in this function; the caller
+ * check_patch() separately makes sure (and errors out otherwise) that
+ * the path the patch creates does not exist in the current tree.
+ */
 static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	const char *old_name = patch->old_name;
-	struct patch *tpatch = NULL;
-	int stat_ret = 0;
+	struct patch *previous = NULL;
+	int stat_ret = 0, status;
 	unsigned st_mode = 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * Make sure that we do not have local modifications from the
-	 * index when we are looking at the index.  Also make sure
-	 * we have the preimage file to be patched in the work tree,
-	 * unless --cached, which tells git to apply only in the index.
-	 */
 	if (!old_name)
 		return 0;
 
 	assert(patch->is_new <= 0);
+	previous = previous_patch(patch, &status);
 
-	if (!(patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename) &&
-	    (tpatch = in_fn_table(old_name)) != NULL && !to_be_deleted(tpatch)) {
-		if (was_deleted(tpatch))
-			return error("%s: has been deleted/renamed", old_name);
-		st_mode = tpatch->new_mode;
+	if (status)
+		return error(_("path %s has been renamed/deleted"), old_name);
+	if (previous) {
+		st_mode = previous->new_mode;
 	} else if (!cached) {
 		stat_ret = lstat(old_name, st);
 		if (stat_ret && errno != ENOENT)
-			return error("%s: %s", old_name, strerror(errno));
+			return error(_("%s: %s"), old_name, strerror(errno));
 	}
 
-	if (to_be_deleted(tpatch))
-		tpatch = NULL;
-
-	if (check_index && !tpatch) {
+	if (check_index && !previous) {
 		int pos = cache_name_pos(old_name, strlen(old_name));
 		if (pos < 0) {
 			if (patch->is_new < 0)
 				goto is_new;
-			return error("%s: does not exist in index", old_name);
+			return error(_("%s: does not exist in index"), old_name);
 		}
 		*ce = active_cache[pos];
 		if (stat_ret < 0) {
-			struct checkout costate;
-			/* checkout */
-			memset(&costate, 0, sizeof(costate));
-			costate.base_dir = "";
-			costate.refresh_cache = 1;
-			if (checkout_entry(*ce, &costate, NULL) ||
-			    lstat(old_name, st))
+			if (checkout_target(&the_index, *ce, st))
 				return -1;
 		}
 		if (!cached && verify_index_match(*ce, st))
-			return error("%s: does not match index", old_name);
+			return error(_("%s: does not match index"), old_name);
 		if (cached)
 			st_mode = (*ce)->ce_mode;
 	} else if (stat_ret < 0) {
 		if (patch->is_new < 0)
 			goto is_new;
-		return error("%s: %s", old_name, strerror(errno));
+		return error(_("%s: %s"), old_name, strerror(errno));
 	}
 
-	if (!cached && !tpatch)
+	if (!cached && !previous)
 		st_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(*ce, st->st_mode);
 
 	if (patch->is_new < 0)
@@ -3074,9 +3526,9 @@ static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct s
 	if (!patch->old_mode)
 		patch->old_mode = st_mode;
 	if ((st_mode ^ patch->old_mode) & S_IFMT)
-		return error("%s: wrong type", old_name);
+		return error(_("%s: wrong type"), old_name);
 	if (st_mode != patch->old_mode)
-		warning("%s has type %o, expected %o",
+		warning(_("%s has type %o, expected %o"),
 			old_name, st_mode, patch->old_mode);
 	if (!patch->new_mode && !patch->is_delete)
 		patch->new_mode = st_mode;
@@ -3085,10 +3537,165 @@ static int check_preimage(struct patch *patch, struct cache_entry **ce, struct s
  is_new:
 	patch->is_new = 1;
 	patch->is_delete = 0;
+	free(patch->old_name);
 	patch->old_name = NULL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
+
+#define EXISTS_IN_INDEX 1
+#define EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE 2
+
+static int check_to_create(const char *new_name, int ok_if_exists)
+{
+	struct stat nst;
+
+	if (check_index &&
+	    cache_name_pos(new_name, strlen(new_name)) >= 0 &&
+	    !ok_if_exists)
+		return EXISTS_IN_INDEX;
+	if (cached)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!lstat(new_name, &nst)) {
+		if (S_ISDIR(nst.st_mode) || ok_if_exists)
+			return 0;
+		/*
+		 * A leading component of new_name might be a symlink
+		 * that is going to be removed with this patch, but
+		 * still pointing at somewhere that has the path.
+		 * In such a case, path "new_name" does not exist as
+		 * far as git is concerned.
+		 */
+		if (has_symlink_leading_path(new_name, strlen(new_name)))
+			return 0;
+
+		return EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE;
+	} else if ((errno != ENOENT) && (errno != ENOTDIR)) {
+		return error("%s: %s", new_name, strerror(errno));
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We need to keep track of how symlinks in the preimage are
+ * manipulated by the patches.  A patch to add a/b/c where a/b
+ * is a symlink should not be allowed to affect the directory
+ * the symlink points at, but if the same patch removes a/b,
+ * it is perfectly fine, as the patch removes a/b to make room
+ * to create a directory a/b so that a/b/c can be created.
+ */
+static struct string_list symlink_changes;
+#define SYMLINK_GOES_AWAY 01
+#define SYMLINK_IN_RESULT 02
+
+static uintptr_t register_symlink_changes(const char *path, uintptr_t what)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *ent;
+
+	ent = string_list_lookup(&symlink_changes, path);
+	if (!ent) {
+		ent = string_list_insert(&symlink_changes, path);
+		ent->util = (void *)0;
+	}
+	ent->util = (void *)(what | ((uintptr_t)ent->util));
+	return (uintptr_t)ent->util;
+}
+
+static uintptr_t check_symlink_changes(const char *path)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *ent;
+
+	ent = string_list_lookup(&symlink_changes, path);
+	if (!ent)
+		return 0;
+	return (uintptr_t)ent->util;
+}
+
+static void prepare_symlink_changes(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	for ( ; patch; patch = patch->next) {
+		if ((patch->old_name && S_ISLNK(patch->old_mode)) &&
+		    (patch->is_rename || patch->is_delete))
+			/* the symlink at patch->old_name is removed */
+			register_symlink_changes(patch->old_name, SYMLINK_GOES_AWAY);
+
+		if (patch->new_name && S_ISLNK(patch->new_mode))
+			/* the symlink at patch->new_name is created or remains */
+			register_symlink_changes(patch->new_name, SYMLINK_IN_RESULT);
+	}
+}
+
+static int path_is_beyond_symlink_1(struct strbuf *name)
+{
+	do {
+		unsigned int change;
+
+		while (--name->len && name->buf[name->len] != '/')
+			; /* scan backwards */
+		if (!name->len)
+			break;
+		name->buf[name->len] = '\0';
+		change = check_symlink_changes(name->buf);
+		if (change & SYMLINK_IN_RESULT)
+			return 1;
+		if (change & SYMLINK_GOES_AWAY)
+			/*
+			 * This cannot be "return 0", because we may
+			 * see a new one created at a higher level.
+			 */
+			continue;
+
+		/* otherwise, check the preimage */
+		if (check_index) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+			ce = cache_file_exists(name->buf, name->len, ignore_case);
+			if (ce && S_ISLNK(ce->ce_mode))
+				return 1;
+		} else {
+			struct stat st;
+			if (!lstat(name->buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
+				return 1;
+		}
+	} while (1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int path_is_beyond_symlink(const char *name_)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	assert(*name_ != '\0');
+	strbuf_addstr(&name, name_);
+	ret = path_is_beyond_symlink_1(&name);
+	strbuf_release(&name);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void die_on_unsafe_path(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	const char *old_name = NULL;
+	const char *new_name = NULL;
+	if (patch->is_delete)
+		old_name = patch->old_name;
+	else if (!patch->is_new && !patch->is_copy)
+		old_name = patch->old_name;
+	if (!patch->is_delete)
+		new_name = patch->new_name;
+
+	if (old_name && !verify_path(old_name))
+		die(_("invalid path '%s'"), old_name);
+	if (new_name && !verify_path(new_name))
+		die(_("invalid path '%s'"), new_name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check and apply the patch in-core; leave the result in patch->result
+ * for the caller to write it out to the final destination.
+ */
 static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
 {
 	struct stat st;
@@ -3107,31 +3714,45 @@ static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
 		return status;
 	old_name = patch->old_name;
 
+	/*
+	 * A type-change diff is always split into a patch to delete
+	 * old, immediately followed by a patch to create new (see
+	 * diff.c::run_diff()); in such a case it is Ok that the entry
+	 * to be deleted by the previous patch is still in the working
+	 * tree and in the index.
+	 *
+	 * A patch to swap-rename between A and B would first rename A
+	 * to B and then rename B to A.  While applying the first one,
+	 * the presence of B should not stop A from getting renamed to
+	 * B; ask to_be_deleted() about the later rename.  Removal of
+	 * B and rename from A to B is handled the same way by asking
+	 * was_deleted().
+	 */
 	if ((tpatch = in_fn_table(new_name)) &&
-			(was_deleted(tpatch) || to_be_deleted(tpatch)))
-		/*
-		 * A type-change diff is always split into a patch to
-		 * delete old, immediately followed by a patch to
-		 * create new (see diff.c::run_diff()); in such a case
-		 * it is Ok that the entry to be deleted by the
-		 * previous patch is still in the working tree and in
-		 * the index.
-		 */
+	    (was_deleted(tpatch) || to_be_deleted(tpatch)))
 		ok_if_exists = 1;
 	else
 		ok_if_exists = 0;
 
 	if (new_name &&
-	    ((0 < patch->is_new) | (0 < patch->is_rename) | patch->is_copy)) {
-		if (check_index &&
-		    cache_name_pos(new_name, strlen(new_name)) >= 0 &&
-		    !ok_if_exists)
-			return error("%s: already exists in index", new_name);
-		if (!cached) {
-			int err = check_to_create_blob(new_name, ok_if_exists);
-			if (err)
-				return err;
+	    ((0 < patch->is_new) || patch->is_rename || patch->is_copy)) {
+		int err = check_to_create(new_name, ok_if_exists);
+
+		if (err && threeway) {
+			patch->direct_to_threeway = 1;
+		} else switch (err) {
+		case 0:
+			break; /* happy */
+		case EXISTS_IN_INDEX:
+			return error(_("%s: already exists in index"), new_name);
+			break;
+		case EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE:
+			return error(_("%s: already exists in working directory"),
+				     new_name);
+		default:
+			return err;
 		}
+
 		if (!patch->new_mode) {
 			if (0 < patch->is_new)
 				patch->new_mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
@@ -3144,14 +3765,38 @@ static int check_patch(struct patch *patch)
 		int same = !strcmp(old_name, new_name);
 		if (!patch->new_mode)
 			patch->new_mode = patch->old_mode;
-		if ((patch->old_mode ^ patch->new_mode) & S_IFMT)
-			return error("new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)%s%s",
-				patch->new_mode, new_name, patch->old_mode,
-				same ? "" : " of ", same ? "" : old_name);
+		if ((patch->old_mode ^ patch->new_mode) & S_IFMT) {
+			if (same)
+				return error(_("new mode (%o) of %s does not "
+					       "match old mode (%o)"),
+					patch->new_mode, new_name,
+					patch->old_mode);
+			else
+				return error(_("new mode (%o) of %s does not "
+					       "match old mode (%o) of %s"),
+					patch->new_mode, new_name,
+					patch->old_mode, old_name);
+		}
 	}
 
+	if (!unsafe_paths)
+		die_on_unsafe_path(patch);
+
+	/*
+	 * An attempt to read from or delete a path that is beyond a
+	 * symbolic link will be prevented by load_patch_target() that
+	 * is called at the beginning of apply_data() so we do not
+	 * have to worry about a patch marked with "is_delete" bit
+	 * here.  We however need to make sure that the patch result
+	 * is not deposited to a path that is beyond a symbolic link
+	 * here.
+	 */
+	if (!patch->is_delete && path_is_beyond_symlink(patch->new_name))
+		return error(_("affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"),
+			     patch->new_name);
+
 	if (apply_data(patch, &st, ce) < 0)
-		return error("%s: patch does not apply", name);
+		return error(_("%s: patch does not apply"), name);
 	patch->rejected = 0;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -3160,11 +3805,12 @@ static int check_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
 {
 	int err = 0;
 
+	prepare_symlink_changes(patch);
 	prepare_fn_table(patch);
 	while (patch) {
 		if (apply_verbosely)
 			say_patch_name(stderr,
-				       "Checking patch ", patch, "...\n");
+				       _("Checking patch %s..."), patch);
 		err |= check_patch(patch);
 		patch = patch->next;
 	}
@@ -3185,18 +3831,51 @@ static int get_current_sha1(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(struct patch *p, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	/*
+	 * A usable gitlink patch has only one fragment (hunk) that looks like:
+	 * @@ -1 +1 @@
+	 * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
+	 * +Subproject commit <new sha1>
+	 * or
+	 * @@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	 * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
+	 * for a removal patch.
+	 */
+	struct fragment *hunk = p->fragments;
+	static const char heading[] = "-Subproject commit ";
+	char *preimage;
+
+	if (/* does the patch have only one hunk? */
+	    hunk && !hunk->next &&
+	    /* is its preimage one line? */
+	    hunk->oldpos == 1 && hunk->oldlines == 1 &&
+	    /* does preimage begin with the heading? */
+	    (preimage = memchr(hunk->patch, '\n', hunk->size)) != NULL &&
+	    starts_with(++preimage, heading) &&
+	    /* does it record full SHA-1? */
+	    !get_sha1_hex(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, sha1) &&
+	    preimage[sizeof(heading) + 40 - 1] == '\n' &&
+	    /* does the abbreviated name on the index line agree with it? */
+	    starts_with(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, p->old_sha1_prefix))
+		return 0; /* it all looks fine */
+
+	/* we may have full object name on the index line */
+	return get_sha1_hex(p->old_sha1_prefix, sha1);
+}
+
 /* Build an index that contains the just the files needed for a 3way merge */
 static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 {
 	struct patch *patch;
 	struct index_state result = { NULL };
-	int fd;
+	static struct lock_file lock;
 
 	/* Once we start supporting the reverse patch, it may be
 	 * worth showing the new sha1 prefix, but until then...
 	 */
 	for (patch = list; patch; patch = patch->next) {
-		const unsigned char *sha1_ptr;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
 		const char *name;
@@ -3204,28 +3883,33 @@ static void build_fake_ancestor(struct patch *list, const char *filename)
 		name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
 		if (0 < patch->is_new)
 			continue;
-		else if (get_sha1(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1))
-			/* git diff has no index line for mode/type changes */
-			if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
-				if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
-					die("mode change for %s, which is not "
-						"in current HEAD", name);
-				sha1_ptr = sha1;
-			} else
-				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
-					"(%s).", name);
-		else
-			sha1_ptr = sha1;
 
-		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1_ptr, name, 0, 0);
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
+			if (!preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(patch, sha1))
+				; /* ok, the textual part looks sane */
+			else
+				die("sha1 information is lacking or useless for submodule %s",
+				    name);
+		} else if (!get_sha1_blob(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1)) {
+			; /* ok */
+		} else if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
+			/* mode-only change: update the current */
+			if (get_current_sha1(patch->old_name, sha1))
+				die("mode change for %s, which is not "
+				    "in current HEAD", name);
+		} else
+			die("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
+			    "(%s).", name);
+
+		ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1, name, 0, 0);
 		if (!ce)
-			die("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'", name);
+			die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"), name);
 		if (add_index_entry(&result, ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD))
 			die ("Could not add %s to temporary index", name);
 	}
 
-	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
-	if (fd < 0 || write_index(&result, fd) || close(fd))
+	hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, filename, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (write_locked_index(&result, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die ("Could not write temporary index to %s", filename);
 
 	discard_index(&result);
@@ -3362,7 +4046,7 @@ static void remove_file(struct patch *patch, int rmdir_empty)
 {
 	if (update_index) {
 		if (remove_file_from_cache(patch->old_name) < 0)
-			die("unable to remove %s from index", patch->old_name);
+			die(_("unable to remove %s from index"), patch->old_name);
 	}
 	if (!cached) {
 		if (!remove_or_warn(patch->old_mode, patch->old_name) && rmdir_empty) {
@@ -3384,24 +4068,26 @@ static void add_index_file(const char *path, unsigned mode, void *buf, unsigned
 	ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
-	ce->ce_flags = namelen;
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
+	ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
-		const char *s = buf;
+		const char *s;
 
-		if (get_sha1_hex(s + strlen("Subproject commit "), ce->sha1))
-			die("corrupt patch for subproject %s", path);
+		if (!skip_prefix(buf, "Subproject commit ", &s) ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(s, ce->sha1))
+			die(_("corrupt patch for submodule %s"), path);
 	} else {
 		if (!cached) {
 			if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
-				die_errno("unable to stat newly created file '%s'",
+				die_errno(_("unable to stat newly created file '%s'"),
 					  path);
 			fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
 		}
 		if (write_sha1_file(buf, size, blob_type, ce->sha1) < 0)
-			die("unable to create backing store for newly created file %s", path);
+			die(_("unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"), path);
 	}
 	if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0)
-		die("unable to add cache entry for %s", path);
+		die(_("unable to add cache entry for %s"), path);
 }
 
 static int try_create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
@@ -3434,7 +4120,7 @@ static int try_create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char *buf,
 	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
 
 	if (close(fd) < 0)
-		die_errno("closing file '%s'", path);
+		die_errno(_("closing file '%s'"), path);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -3483,7 +4169,34 @@ static void create_one_file(char *path, unsigned mode, const char *buf, unsigned
 			++nr;
 		}
 	}
-	die_errno("unable to write file '%s' mode %o", path, mode);
+	die_errno(_("unable to write file '%s' mode %o"), path, mode);
+}
+
+static void add_conflicted_stages_file(struct patch *patch)
+{
+	int stage, namelen;
+	unsigned ce_size, mode;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+
+	if (!update_index)
+		return;
+	namelen = strlen(patch->new_name);
+	ce_size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
+	mode = patch->new_mode ? patch->new_mode : (S_IFREG | 0644);
+
+	remove_file_from_cache(patch->new_name);
+	for (stage = 1; stage < 4; stage++) {
+		if (is_null_sha1(patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]))
+			continue;
+		ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
+		memcpy(ce->name, patch->new_name, namelen);
+		ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+		ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+		ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
+		hashcpy(ce->sha1, patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]);
+		if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0)
+			die(_("unable to add cache entry for %s"), patch->new_name);
+	}
 }
 
 static void create_file(struct patch *patch)
@@ -3496,7 +4209,11 @@ static void create_file(struct patch *patch)
 	if (!mode)
 		mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
 	create_one_file(path, mode, buf, size);
-	add_index_file(path, mode, buf, size);
+
+	if (patch->conflicted_threeway)
+		add_conflicted_stages_file(patch);
+	else
+		add_index_file(path, mode, buf, size);
 }
 
 /* phase zero is to remove, phase one is to create */
@@ -3528,6 +4245,7 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
 	char namebuf[PATH_MAX];
 	struct fragment *frag;
 	int cnt = 0;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	for (cnt = 0, frag = patch->fragments; frag; frag = frag->next) {
 		if (!frag->rejected)
@@ -3538,7 +4256,7 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
 	if (!cnt) {
 		if (apply_verbosely)
 			say_patch_name(stderr,
-				       "Applied patch ", patch, " cleanly.\n");
+				       _("Applied patch %s cleanly."), patch);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -3546,16 +4264,20 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
 	 * contents are marked "rejected" at the patch level.
 	 */
 	if (!patch->new_name)
-		die("internal error");
+		die(_("internal error"));
 
 	/* Say this even without --verbose */
-	say_patch_name(stderr, "Applying patch ", patch, " with");
-	fprintf(stderr, " %d rejects...\n", cnt);
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, Q_("Applying patch %%s with %d reject...",
+			    "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects...",
+			    cnt),
+		    cnt);
+	say_patch_name(stderr, sb.buf, patch);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
 	cnt = strlen(patch->new_name);
 	if (ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf) <= cnt + 5) {
 		cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf) - 5;
-		warning("truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej",
+		warning(_("truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"),
 			cnt - 1, patch->new_name);
 	}
 	memcpy(namebuf, patch->new_name, cnt);
@@ -3563,10 +4285,10 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
 
 	rej = fopen(namebuf, "w");
 	if (!rej)
-		return error("cannot open %s: %s", namebuf, strerror(errno));
+		return error(_("cannot open %s: %s"), namebuf, strerror(errno));
 
 	/* Normal git tools never deal with .rej, so do not pretend
-	 * this is a git patch by saying --git nor give extended
+	 * this is a git patch by saying --git or giving extended
 	 * headers.  While at it, maybe please "kompare" that wants
 	 * the trailing TAB and some garbage at the end of line ;-).
 	 */
@@ -3576,10 +4298,10 @@ static int write_out_one_reject(struct patch *patch)
 	     frag;
 	     cnt++, frag = frag->next) {
 		if (!frag->rejected) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Hunk #%d applied cleanly.\n", cnt);
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Hunk #%d applied cleanly."), cnt);
 			continue;
 		}
-		fprintf(stderr, "Rejected hunk #%d.\n", cnt);
+		fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Rejected hunk #%d."), cnt);
 		fprintf(rej, "%.*s", frag->size, frag->patch);
 		if (frag->patch[frag->size-1] != '\n')
 			fputc('\n', rej);
@@ -3593,6 +4315,7 @@ static int write_out_results(struct patch *list)
 	int phase;
 	int errs = 0;
 	struct patch *l;
+	struct string_list cpath = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 	for (phase = 0; phase < 2; phase++) {
 		l = list;
@@ -3601,81 +4324,34 @@ static int write_out_results(struct patch *list)
 				errs = 1;
 			else {
 				write_out_one_result(l, phase);
-				if (phase == 1 && write_out_one_reject(l))
-					errs = 1;
+				if (phase == 1) {
+					if (write_out_one_reject(l))
+						errs = 1;
+					if (l->conflicted_threeway) {
+						string_list_append(&cpath, l->new_name);
+						errs = 1;
+					}
+				}
 			}
 			l = l->next;
 		}
 	}
-	return errs;
-}
 
-static struct lock_file lock_file;
+	if (cpath.nr) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
 
-static struct string_list limit_by_name;
-static int has_include;
-static void add_name_limit(const char *name, int exclude)
-{
-	struct string_list_item *it;
+		string_list_sort(&cpath);
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &cpath)
+			fprintf(stderr, "U %s\n", item->string);
+		string_list_clear(&cpath, 0);
 
-	it = string_list_append(&limit_by_name, name);
-	it->util = exclude ? NULL : (void *) 1;
-}
-
-static int use_patch(struct patch *p)
-{
-	const char *pathname = p->new_name ? p->new_name : p->old_name;
-	int i;
-
-	/* Paths outside are not touched regardless of "--include" */
-	if (0 < prefix_length) {
-		int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
-		if (pathlen <= prefix_length ||
-		    memcmp(prefix, pathname, prefix_length))
-			return 0;
+		rerere(0);
 	}
 
-	/* See if it matches any of exclude/include rule */
-	for (i = 0; i < limit_by_name.nr; i++) {
-		struct string_list_item *it = &limit_by_name.items[i];
-		if (!fnmatch(it->string, pathname, 0))
-			return (it->util != NULL);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * If we had any include, a path that does not match any rule is
-	 * not used.  Otherwise, we saw bunch of exclude rules (or none)
-	 * and such a path is used.
-	 */
-	return !has_include;
-}
-
-
-static void prefix_one(char **name)
-{
-	char *old_name = *name;
-	if (!old_name)
-		return;
-	*name = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, *name));
-	free(old_name);
+	return errs;
 }
 
-static void prefix_patches(struct patch *p)
-{
-	if (!prefix || p->is_toplevel_relative)
-		return;
-	for ( ; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (p->new_name == p->old_name) {
-			char *prefixed = p->new_name;
-			prefix_one(&prefixed);
-			p->new_name = p->old_name = prefixed;
-		}
-		else {
-			prefix_one(&p->new_name);
-			prefix_one(&p->old_name);
-		}
-	}
-}
+static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
 #define INACCURATE_EOF	(1<<0)
 #define RECOUNT		(1<<1)
@@ -3683,12 +4359,10 @@ static void prefix_patches(struct patch *p)
 static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int options)
 {
 	size_t offset;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT; /* owns the patch text */
 	struct patch *list = NULL, **listp = &list;
 	int skipped_patch = 0;
 
-	/* FIXME - memory leak when using multiple patch files as inputs */
-	memset(&fn_table, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
 	patch_input_file = filename;
 	read_patch_file(&buf, fd);
 	offset = 0;
@@ -3704,23 +4378,20 @@ static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int options)
 			break;
 		if (apply_in_reverse)
 			reverse_patches(patch);
-		if (prefix)
-			prefix_patches(patch);
 		if (use_patch(patch)) {
 			patch_stats(patch);
 			*listp = patch;
 			listp = &patch->next;
 		}
 		else {
-			/* perhaps free it a bit better? */
-			free(patch);
+			free_patch(patch);
 			skipped_patch++;
 		}
 		offset += nr;
 	}
 
 	if (!list && !skipped_patch)
-		die("unrecognized input");
+		die(_("unrecognized input"));
 
 	if (whitespace_error && (ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error))
 		apply = 0;
@@ -3731,7 +4402,7 @@ static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int options)
 
 	if (check_index) {
 		if (read_cache() < 0)
-			die("unable to read index file");
+			die(_("unable to read index file"));
 	}
 
 	if ((check || apply) &&
@@ -3739,8 +4410,12 @@ static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int options)
 	    !apply_with_reject)
 		exit(1);
 
-	if (apply && write_out_results(list))
-		exit(1);
+	if (apply && write_out_results(list)) {
+		if (apply_with_reject)
+			exit(1);
+		/* with --3way, we still need to write the index out */
+		return 1;
+	}
 
 	if (fake_ancestor)
 		build_fake_ancestor(list, fake_ancestor);
@@ -3754,17 +4429,17 @@ static int apply_patch(int fd, const char *filename, int options)
 	if (summary)
 		summary_patch_list(list);
 
+	free_patch_list(list);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&fn_table, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int git_apply_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static void git_apply_config(void)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "apply.whitespace"))
-		return git_config_string(&apply_default_whitespace, var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "apply.ignorewhitespace"))
-		return git_config_string(&apply_default_ignorewhitespace, var, value);
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+	git_config_get_string_const("apply.whitespace", &apply_default_whitespace);
+	git_config_get_string_const("apply.ignorewhitespace", &apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 }
 
 static int option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
@@ -3844,73 +4519,77 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix_)
 	const char *whitespace_option = NULL;
 
 	struct option builtin_apply_options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude", NULL, "path",
-			"don't apply changes matching the given path",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude", NULL, N_("path"),
+			N_("don't apply changes matching the given path"),
 			0, option_parse_exclude },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "include", NULL, "path",
-			"apply changes matching the given path",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "include", NULL, N_("path"),
+			N_("apply changes matching the given path"),
 			0, option_parse_include },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'p', NULL, NULL, "num",
-			"remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'p', NULL, NULL, N_("num"),
+			N_("remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"),
 			0, option_parse_p },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-add", &no_add,
-			"ignore additions made by the patch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &diffstat,
-			"instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-add", &no_add,
+			N_("ignore additions made by the patch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stat", &diffstat,
+			N_("instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input")),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "allow-binary-replacement"),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "binary"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numstat", &numstat,
-			"shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &summary,
-			"instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "check", &check,
-			"instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "index", &check_index,
-			"make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
-			"apply a patch without touching the working tree"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "apply", &force_apply,
-			"also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "numstat", &numstat,
+			N_("show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "summary", &summary,
+			N_("instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "check", &check,
+			N_("instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "index", &check_index,
+			N_("make sure the patch is applicable to the current index")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &cached,
+			N_("apply a patch without touching the working tree")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "unsafe-paths", &unsafe_paths,
+			N_("accept a patch that touches outside the working area")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "apply", &force_apply,
+			N_("also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('3', "3way", &threeway,
+			 N_( "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply")),
 		OPT_FILENAME(0, "build-fake-ancestor", &fake_ancestor,
-			"build a temporary index based on embedded index information"),
+			N_("build a temporary index based on embedded index information")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-			"paths are separated with NUL character",
+			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
 		OPT_INTEGER('C', NULL, &p_context,
-				"ensure at least <n> lines of context match"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "whitespace", &whitespace_option, "action",
-			"detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors",
+				N_("ensure at least <n> lines of context match")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "whitespace", &whitespace_option, N_("action"),
+			N_("detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"),
 			0, option_parse_whitespace },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-space-change", NULL, NULL,
-			"ignore changes in whitespace when finding context",
+			N_("ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-whitespace", NULL, NULL,
-			"ignore changes in whitespace when finding context",
+			N_("ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_space_change },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('R', "reverse", &apply_in_reverse,
-			"apply the patch in reverse"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unidiff-zero", &unidiff_zero,
-			"don't expect at least one line of context"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reject", &apply_with_reject,
-			"leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "allow-overlap", &allow_overlap,
-			"allow overlapping hunks"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&apply_verbosely, "be verbose"),
+		OPT_BOOL('R', "reverse", &apply_in_reverse,
+			N_("apply the patch in reverse")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "unidiff-zero", &unidiff_zero,
+			N_("don't expect at least one line of context")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "reject", &apply_with_reject,
+			N_("leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-overlap", &allow_overlap,
+			N_("allow overlapping hunks")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&apply_verbosely, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "inaccurate-eof", &options,
-			"tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file",
+			N_("tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"),
 			INACCURATE_EOF),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "recount", &options,
-			"do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers",
+			N_("do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"),
 			RECOUNT),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "directory", NULL, "root",
-			"prepend <root> to all filenames",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "directory", NULL, N_("root"),
+			N_("prepend <root> to all filenames"),
 			0, option_parse_directory },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	prefix = prefix_;
 	prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	git_config(git_apply_config, NULL);
+	git_apply_config();
 	if (apply_default_whitespace)
 		parse_whitespace_option(apply_default_whitespace);
 	if (apply_default_ignorewhitespace)
@@ -3919,17 +4598,29 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix_)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_apply_options,
 			apply_usage, 0);
 
+	if (apply_with_reject && threeway)
+		die("--reject and --3way cannot be used together.");
+	if (cached && threeway)
+		die("--cached and --3way cannot be used together.");
+	if (threeway) {
+		if (is_not_gitdir)
+			die(_("--3way outside a repository"));
+		check_index = 1;
+	}
 	if (apply_with_reject)
 		apply = apply_verbosely = 1;
 	if (!force_apply && (diffstat || numstat || summary || check || fake_ancestor))
 		apply = 0;
 	if (check_index && is_not_gitdir)
-		die("--index outside a repository");
+		die(_("--index outside a repository"));
 	if (cached) {
 		if (is_not_gitdir)
-			die("--cached outside a repository");
+			die(_("--cached outside a repository"));
 		check_index = 1;
 	}
+	if (check_index)
+		unsafe_paths = 0;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		int fd;
@@ -3943,7 +4634,7 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix_)
 
 		fd = open(arg, O_RDONLY);
 		if (fd < 0)
-			die_errno("can't open patch '%s'", arg);
+			die_errno(_("can't open patch '%s'"), arg);
 		read_stdin = 0;
 		set_default_whitespace_mode(whitespace_option);
 		errs |= apply_patch(fd, arg, options);
@@ -3957,32 +4648,31 @@ int cmd_apply(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix_)
 		    squelch_whitespace_errors < whitespace_error) {
 			int squelched =
 				whitespace_error - squelch_whitespace_errors;
-			warning("squelched %d "
-				"whitespace error%s",
-				squelched,
-				squelched == 1 ? "" : "s");
+			warning(Q_("squelched %d whitespace error",
+				   "squelched %d whitespace errors",
+				   squelched),
+				squelched);
 		}
 		if (ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error)
-			die("%d line%s add%s whitespace errors.",
-			    whitespace_error,
-			    whitespace_error == 1 ? "" : "s",
-			    whitespace_error == 1 ? "s" : "");
+			die(Q_("%d line adds whitespace errors.",
+			       "%d lines add whitespace errors.",
+			       whitespace_error),
+			    whitespace_error);
 		if (applied_after_fixing_ws && apply)
 			warning("%d line%s applied after"
 				" fixing whitespace errors.",
 				applied_after_fixing_ws,
 				applied_after_fixing_ws == 1 ? "" : "s");
 		else if (whitespace_error)
-			warning("%d line%s add%s whitespace errors.",
-				whitespace_error,
-				whitespace_error == 1 ? "" : "s",
-				whitespace_error == 1 ? "s" : "");
+			warning(Q_("%d line adds whitespace errors.",
+				   "%d lines add whitespace errors.",
+				   whitespace_error),
+				whitespace_error);
 	}
 
 	if (update_index) {
-		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
-			die("Unable to write new index file");
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
+			die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
 	}
 
 	return !!errs;
diff --git a/builtin/archive.c b/builtin/archive.c
index 931956def9..a1e3b940c2 100644
--- a/builtin/archive.c
+++ b/builtin/archive.c
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ static int run_remote_archiver(int argc, const char **argv,
 			       const char *remote, const char *exec,
 			       const char *name_hint)
 {
-	char buf[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
-	int fd[2], i, len, rv;
+	char *buf;
+	int fd[2], i, rv;
 	struct transport *transport;
 	struct remote *_remote;
 
@@ -53,21 +53,18 @@ static int run_remote_archiver(int argc, const char **argv,
 		packet_write(fd[1], "argument %s\n", argv[i]);
 	packet_flush(fd[1]);
 
-	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
-	if (!len)
+	buf = packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL);
+	if (!buf)
 		die(_("git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"));
-	if (buf[len-1] == '\n')
-		buf[--len] = 0;
 	if (strcmp(buf, "ACK")) {
-		if (len > 5 && !prefixcmp(buf, "NACK "))
+		if (starts_with(buf, "NACK "))
 			die(_("git archive: NACK %s"), buf + 5);
-		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buf, "ERR "))
+		if (starts_with(buf, "ERR "))
 			die(_("remote error: %s"), buf + 4);
 		die(_("git archive: protocol error"));
 	}
 
-	len = packet_read_line(fd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
-	if (len)
+	if (packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL))
 		die(_("git archive: expected a flush"));
 
 	/* Now, start reading from fd[0] and spit it out to stdout */
@@ -88,12 +85,12 @@ int cmd_archive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *output = NULL;
 	const char *remote = NULL;
 	struct option local_opts[] = {
-		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, "file",
-			"write the archive to this file"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, "repo",
-			"retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, "cmd",
-			"path to the remote git-upload-archive command"),
+		OPT_STRING('o', "output", &output, N_("file"),
+			N_("write the archive to this file")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "remote", &remote, N_("repo"),
+			N_("retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exec", &exec, N_("command"),
+			N_("path to the remote git-upload-archive command")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/bisect--helper.c b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
index 8d325a5179..3324229025 100644
--- a/builtin/bisect--helper.c
+++ b/builtin/bisect--helper.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "bisect.h"
 
 static const char * const git_bisect_helper_usage[] = {
-	"git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]",
+	N_("git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ int cmd_bisect__helper(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int next_all = 0;
 	int no_checkout = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "next-all", &next_all,
-			    "perform 'git bisect next'"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-checkout", &no_checkout,
-			    "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "next-all", &next_all,
+			 N_("perform 'git bisect next'")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-checkout", &no_checkout,
+			 N_("update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/blame.c b/builtin/blame.c
index b35bd6249d..06484c2e0e 100644
--- a/builtin/blame.c
+++ b/builtin/blame.c
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 /*
  * Blame
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2006, Junio C Hamano
+ * Copyright (c) 2006, 2014 by its authors
+ * See COPYING for licensing conditions
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
@@ -18,16 +19,20 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "mailmap.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 
-static char blame_usage[] = "git blame [options] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] file";
+static char blame_usage[] = N_("git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] file");
 
 static const char *blame_opt_usage[] = {
 	blame_usage,
 	"",
-	"[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)",
+	N_("<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -42,6 +47,7 @@ static int blank_boundary;
 static int incremental;
 static int xdl_opts;
 static int abbrev = -1;
+static int no_whole_file_rename;
 
 static enum date_mode blame_date_mode = DATE_ISO8601;
 static size_t blame_date_width;
@@ -71,7 +77,7 @@ static unsigned blame_copy_score;
 #define BLAME_DEFAULT_MOVE_SCORE	20
 #define BLAME_DEFAULT_COPY_SCORE	40
 
-/* bits #0..7 in revision.h, #8..11 used for merge_bases() in commit.c */
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define METAINFO_SHOWN		(1u<<12)
 #define MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH	(1u<<13)
 
@@ -80,14 +86,59 @@ static unsigned blame_copy_score;
  */
 struct origin {
 	int refcnt;
+	/* Record preceding blame record for this blob */
 	struct origin *previous;
+	/* origins are put in a list linked via `next' hanging off the
+	 * corresponding commit's util field in order to make finding
+	 * them fast.  The presence in this chain does not count
+	 * towards the origin's reference count.  It is tempting to
+	 * let it count as long as the commit is pending examination,
+	 * but even under circumstances where the commit will be
+	 * present multiple times in the priority queue of unexamined
+	 * commits, processing the first instance will not leave any
+	 * work requiring the origin data for the second instance.  An
+	 * interspersed commit changing that would have to be
+	 * preexisting with a different ancestry and with the same
+	 * commit date in order to wedge itself between two instances
+	 * of the same commit in the priority queue _and_ produce
+	 * blame entries relevant for it.  While we don't want to let
+	 * us get tripped up by this case, it certainly does not seem
+	 * worth optimizing for.
+	 */
+	struct origin *next;
 	struct commit *commit;
+	/* `suspects' contains blame entries that may be attributed to
+	 * this origin's commit or to parent commits.  When a commit
+	 * is being processed, all suspects will be moved, either by
+	 * assigning them to an origin in a different commit, or by
+	 * shipping them to the scoreboard's ent list because they
+	 * cannot be attributed to a different commit.
+	 */
+	struct blame_entry *suspects;
 	mmfile_t file;
 	unsigned char blob_sha1[20];
 	unsigned mode;
+	/* guilty gets set when shipping any suspects to the final
+	 * blame list instead of other commits
+	 */
+	char guilty;
 	char path[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
+static int diff_hunks(mmfile_t *file_a, mmfile_t *file_b, long ctxlen,
+		      xdl_emit_hunk_consume_func_t hunk_func, void *cb_data)
+{
+	xpparam_t xpp = {0};
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg = {0};
+	xdemitcb_t ecb = {NULL};
+
+	xpp.flags = xdl_opts;
+	xecfg.ctxlen = ctxlen;
+	xecfg.hunk_func = hunk_func;
+	ecb.priv = cb_data;
+	return xdi_diff(file_a, file_b, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+}
+
 /*
  * Prepare diff_filespec and convert it using diff textconv API
  * if the textconv driver exists.
@@ -96,6 +147,7 @@ struct origin {
 int textconv_object(const char *path,
 		    unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    char **buf,
 		    unsigned long *buf_size)
 {
@@ -103,7 +155,7 @@ int textconv_object(const char *path,
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv;
 
 	df = alloc_filespec(path);
-	fill_filespec(df, sha1, mode);
+	fill_filespec(df, sha1, sha1_valid, mode);
 	textconv = get_textconv(df);
 	if (!textconv) {
 		free_filespec(df);
@@ -128,7 +180,7 @@ static void fill_origin_blob(struct diff_options *opt,
 
 		num_read_blob++;
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) &&
-		    textconv_object(o->path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, &file->ptr, &file_size))
+		    textconv_object(o->path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, 1, &file->ptr, &file_size))
 			;
 		else
 			file->ptr = read_sha1_file(o->blob_sha1, &type, &file_size);
@@ -158,10 +210,22 @@ static inline struct origin *origin_incref(struct origin *o)
 static void origin_decref(struct origin *o)
 {
 	if (o && --o->refcnt <= 0) {
+		struct origin *p, *l = NULL;
 		if (o->previous)
 			origin_decref(o->previous);
 		free(o->file.ptr);
-		free(o);
+		/* Should be present exactly once in commit chain */
+		for (p = o->commit->util; p; l = p, p = p->next) {
+			if (p == o) {
+				if (l)
+					l->next = p->next;
+				else
+					o->commit->util = p->next;
+				free(o);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		die("internal error in blame::origin_decref");
 	}
 }
 
@@ -175,11 +239,14 @@ static void drop_origin_blob(struct origin *o)
 
 /*
  * Each group of lines is described by a blame_entry; it can be split
- * as we pass blame to the parents.  They form a linked list in the
- * scoreboard structure, sorted by the target line number.
+ * as we pass blame to the parents.  They are arranged in linked lists
+ * kept as `suspects' of some unprocessed origin, or entered (when the
+ * blame origin has been finalized) into the scoreboard structure.
+ * While the scoreboard structure is only sorted at the end of
+ * processing (according to final image line number), the lists
+ * attached to an origin are sorted by the target line number.
  */
 struct blame_entry {
-	struct blame_entry *prev;
 	struct blame_entry *next;
 
 	/* the first line of this group in the final image;
@@ -193,15 +260,6 @@ struct blame_entry {
 	/* the commit that introduced this group into the final image */
 	struct origin *suspect;
 
-	/* true if the suspect is truly guilty; false while we have not
-	 * checked if the group came from one of its parents.
-	 */
-	char guilty;
-
-	/* true if the entry has been scanned for copies in the current parent
-	 */
-	char scanned;
-
 	/* the line number of the first line of this group in the
 	 * suspect's file; internally all line numbers are 0 based.
 	 */
@@ -214,11 +272,112 @@ struct blame_entry {
 };
 
 /*
+ * Any merge of blames happens on lists of blames that arrived via
+ * different parents in a single suspect.  In this case, we want to
+ * sort according to the suspect line numbers as opposed to the final
+ * image line numbers.  The function body is somewhat longish because
+ * it avoids unnecessary writes.
+ */
+
+static struct blame_entry *blame_merge(struct blame_entry *list1,
+				       struct blame_entry *list2)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *p1 = list1, *p2 = list2,
+		**tail = &list1;
+
+	if (!p1)
+		return p2;
+	if (!p2)
+		return p1;
+
+	if (p1->s_lno <= p2->s_lno) {
+		do {
+			tail = &p1->next;
+			if ((p1 = *tail) == NULL) {
+				*tail = p2;
+				return list1;
+			}
+		} while (p1->s_lno <= p2->s_lno);
+	}
+	for (;;) {
+		*tail = p2;
+		do {
+			tail = &p2->next;
+			if ((p2 = *tail) == NULL)  {
+				*tail = p1;
+				return list1;
+			}
+		} while (p1->s_lno > p2->s_lno);
+		*tail = p1;
+		do {
+			tail = &p1->next;
+			if ((p1 = *tail) == NULL) {
+				*tail = p2;
+				return list1;
+			}
+		} while (p1->s_lno <= p2->s_lno);
+	}
+}
+
+static void *get_next_blame(const void *p)
+{
+	return ((struct blame_entry *)p)->next;
+}
+
+static void set_next_blame(void *p1, void *p2)
+{
+	((struct blame_entry *)p1)->next = p2;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Final image line numbers are all different, so we don't need a
+ * three-way comparison here.
+ */
+
+static int compare_blame_final(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+	return ((struct blame_entry *)p1)->lno > ((struct blame_entry *)p2)->lno
+		? 1 : -1;
+}
+
+static int compare_blame_suspect(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+	const struct blame_entry *s1 = p1, *s2 = p2;
+	/*
+	 * to allow for collating suspects, we sort according to the
+	 * respective pointer value as the primary sorting criterion.
+	 * The actual relation is pretty unimportant as long as it
+	 * establishes a total order.  Comparing as integers gives us
+	 * that.
+	 */
+	if (s1->suspect != s2->suspect)
+		return (intptr_t)s1->suspect > (intptr_t)s2->suspect ? 1 : -1;
+	if (s1->s_lno == s2->s_lno)
+		return 0;
+	return s1->s_lno > s2->s_lno ? 1 : -1;
+}
+
+static struct blame_entry *blame_sort(struct blame_entry *head,
+				      int (*compare_fn)(const void *, const void *))
+{
+	return llist_mergesort (head, get_next_blame, set_next_blame, compare_fn);
+}
+
+static int compare_commits_by_reverse_commit_date(const void *a,
+						  const void *b,
+						  void *c)
+{
+	return -compare_commits_by_commit_date(a, b, c);
+}
+
+/*
  * The current state of the blame assignment.
  */
 struct scoreboard {
 	/* the final commit (i.e. where we started digging from) */
 	struct commit *final;
+	/* Priority queue for commits with unassigned blame records */
+	struct prio_queue commits;
 	struct rev_info *revs;
 	const char *path;
 
@@ -238,15 +397,6 @@ struct scoreboard {
 	int *lineno;
 };
 
-static inline int same_suspect(struct origin *a, struct origin *b)
-{
-	if (a == b)
-		return 1;
-	if (a->commit != b->commit)
-		return 0;
-	return !strcmp(a->path, b->path);
-}
-
 static void sanity_check_refcnt(struct scoreboard *);
 
 /*
@@ -259,13 +409,10 @@ static void coalesce(struct scoreboard *sb)
 	struct blame_entry *ent, *next;
 
 	for (ent = sb->ent; ent && (next = ent->next); ent = next) {
-		if (same_suspect(ent->suspect, next->suspect) &&
-		    ent->guilty == next->guilty &&
+		if (ent->suspect == next->suspect &&
 		    ent->s_lno + ent->num_lines == next->s_lno) {
 			ent->num_lines += next->num_lines;
 			ent->next = next->next;
-			if (ent->next)
-				ent->next->prev = ent;
 			origin_decref(next->suspect);
 			free(next);
 			ent->score = 0;
@@ -278,6 +425,30 @@ static void coalesce(struct scoreboard *sb)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Merge the given sorted list of blames into a preexisting origin.
+ * If there were no previous blames to that commit, it is entered into
+ * the commit priority queue of the score board.
+ */
+
+static void queue_blames(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *porigin,
+			 struct blame_entry *sorted)
+{
+	if (porigin->suspects)
+		porigin->suspects = blame_merge(porigin->suspects, sorted);
+	else {
+		struct origin *o;
+		for (o = porigin->commit->util; o; o = o->next) {
+			if (o->suspects) {
+				porigin->suspects = sorted;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		porigin->suspects = sorted;
+		prio_queue_put(&sb->commits, porigin->commit);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * Given a commit and a path in it, create a new origin structure.
  * The callers that add blame to the scoreboard should use
  * get_origin() to obtain shared, refcounted copy instead of calling
@@ -289,23 +460,32 @@ static struct origin *make_origin(struct commit *commit, const char *path)
 	o = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*o) + strlen(path) + 1);
 	o->commit = commit;
 	o->refcnt = 1;
+	o->next = commit->util;
+	commit->util = o;
 	strcpy(o->path, path);
 	return o;
 }
 
 /*
  * Locate an existing origin or create a new one.
+ * This moves the origin to front position in the commit util list.
  */
 static struct origin *get_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
 				 struct commit *commit,
 				 const char *path)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *e;
+	struct origin *o, *l;
 
-	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
-		if (e->suspect->commit == commit &&
-		    !strcmp(e->suspect->path, path))
-			return origin_incref(e->suspect);
+	for (o = commit->util, l = NULL; o; l = o, o = o->next) {
+		if (!strcmp(o->path, path)) {
+			/* bump to front */
+			if (l) {
+				l->next = o->next;
+				o->next = commit->util;
+				commit->util = o;
+			}
+			return origin_incref(o);
+		}
 	}
 	return make_origin(commit, path);
 }
@@ -344,41 +524,19 @@ static struct origin *find_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
 				  struct commit *parent,
 				  struct origin *origin)
 {
-	struct origin *porigin = NULL;
+	struct origin *porigin;
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
 	const char *paths[2];
 
-	if (parent->util) {
-		/*
-		 * Each commit object can cache one origin in that
-		 * commit.  This is a freestanding copy of origin and
-		 * not refcounted.
-		 */
-		struct origin *cached = parent->util;
-		if (!strcmp(cached->path, origin->path)) {
+	/* First check any existing origins */
+	for (porigin = parent->util; porigin; porigin = porigin->next)
+		if (!strcmp(porigin->path, origin->path)) {
 			/*
 			 * The same path between origin and its parent
 			 * without renaming -- the most common case.
 			 */
-			porigin = get_origin(sb, parent, cached->path);
-
-			/*
-			 * If the origin was newly created (i.e. get_origin
-			 * would call make_origin if none is found in the
-			 * scoreboard), it does not know the blob_sha1/mode,
-			 * so copy it.  Otherwise porigin was in the
-			 * scoreboard and already knows blob_sha1/mode.
-			 */
-			if (porigin->refcnt == 1) {
-				hashcpy(porigin->blob_sha1, cached->blob_sha1);
-				porigin->mode = cached->mode;
-			}
-			return porigin;
+			return origin_incref (porigin);
 		}
-		/* otherwise it was not very useful; free it */
-		free(parent->util);
-		parent->util = NULL;
-	}
 
 	/* See if the origin->path is different between parent
 	 * and origin first.  Most of the time they are the
@@ -391,9 +549,10 @@ static struct origin *find_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	paths[0] = origin->path;
 	paths[1] = NULL;
 
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("diff-setup");
+	parse_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", paths);
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
 		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.sha1, &diff_opts);
@@ -442,20 +601,7 @@ static struct origin *find_origin(struct scoreboard *sb,
 		}
 	}
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
-	if (porigin) {
-		/*
-		 * Create a freestanding copy that is not part of
-		 * the refcounted origin found in the scoreboard, and
-		 * cache it in the commit.
-		 */
-		struct origin *cached;
-
-		cached = make_origin(porigin->commit, porigin->path);
-		hashcpy(cached->blob_sha1, porigin->blob_sha1);
-		cached->mode = porigin->mode;
-		parent->util = cached;
-	}
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 	return porigin;
 }
 
@@ -470,17 +616,13 @@ static struct origin *find_rename(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	struct origin *porigin = NULL;
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
 	int i;
-	const char *paths[2];
 
 	diff_setup(&diff_opts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	diff_opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 	diff_opts.single_follow = origin->path;
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("diff-setup");
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(origin->commit->object.sha1))
 		do_diff_cache(parent->tree->object.sha1, &diff_opts);
@@ -501,62 +643,48 @@ static struct origin *find_rename(struct scoreboard *sb,
 		}
 	}
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 	return porigin;
 }
 
 /*
- * Link in a new blame entry to the scoreboard.  Entries that cover the
- * same line range have been removed from the scoreboard previously.
+ * Append a new blame entry to a given output queue.
  */
-static void add_blame_entry(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *e)
+static void add_blame_entry(struct blame_entry ***queue, struct blame_entry *e)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *ent, *prev = NULL;
-
 	origin_incref(e->suspect);
 
-	for (ent = sb->ent; ent && ent->lno < e->lno; ent = ent->next)
-		prev = ent;
-
-	/* prev, if not NULL, is the last one that is below e */
-	e->prev = prev;
-	if (prev) {
-		e->next = prev->next;
-		prev->next = e;
-	}
-	else {
-		e->next = sb->ent;
-		sb->ent = e;
-	}
-	if (e->next)
-		e->next->prev = e;
+	e->next = **queue;
+	**queue = e;
+	*queue = &e->next;
 }
 
 /*
  * src typically is on-stack; we want to copy the information in it to
- * a malloced blame_entry that is already on the linked list of the
- * scoreboard.  The origin of dst loses a refcnt while the origin of src
- * gains one.
+ * a malloced blame_entry that gets added to the given queue.  The
+ * origin of dst loses a refcnt.
  */
-static void dup_entry(struct blame_entry *dst, struct blame_entry *src)
+static void dup_entry(struct blame_entry ***queue,
+		      struct blame_entry *dst, struct blame_entry *src)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *p, *n;
-
-	p = dst->prev;
-	n = dst->next;
 	origin_incref(src->suspect);
 	origin_decref(dst->suspect);
 	memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(*src));
-	dst->prev = p;
-	dst->next = n;
-	dst->score = 0;
+	dst->next = **queue;
+	**queue = dst;
+	*queue = &dst->next;
 }
 
-static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, int lno)
+static const char *nth_line(struct scoreboard *sb, long lno)
 {
 	return sb->final_buf + sb->lineno[lno];
 }
 
+static const char *nth_line_cb(void *data, long lno)
+{
+	return nth_line((struct scoreboard *)data, lno);
+}
+
 /*
  * It is known that lines between tlno to same came from parent, and e
  * has an overlap with that range.  it also is known that parent's
@@ -616,10 +744,11 @@ static void split_overlap(struct blame_entry *split,
 
 /*
  * split_overlap() divided an existing blame e into up to three parts
- * in split.  Adjust the linked list of blames in the scoreboard to
+ * in split.  Any assigned blame is moved to queue to
  * reflect the split.
  */
-static void split_blame(struct scoreboard *sb,
+static void split_blame(struct blame_entry ***blamed,
+			struct blame_entry ***unblamed,
 			struct blame_entry *split,
 			struct blame_entry *e)
 {
@@ -627,61 +756,39 @@ static void split_blame(struct scoreboard *sb,
 
 	if (split[0].suspect && split[2].suspect) {
 		/* The first part (reuse storage for the existing entry e) */
-		dup_entry(e, &split[0]);
+		dup_entry(unblamed, e, &split[0]);
 
 		/* The last part -- me */
 		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
 		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[2]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
-		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
+		add_blame_entry(unblamed, new_entry);
 
 		/* ... and the middle part -- parent */
 		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
 		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[1]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
-		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
+		add_blame_entry(blamed, new_entry);
 	}
 	else if (!split[0].suspect && !split[2].suspect)
 		/*
 		 * The parent covers the entire area; reuse storage for
 		 * e and replace it with the parent.
 		 */
-		dup_entry(e, &split[1]);
+		dup_entry(blamed, e, &split[1]);
 	else if (split[0].suspect) {
 		/* me and then parent */
-		dup_entry(e, &split[0]);
+		dup_entry(unblamed, e, &split[0]);
 
 		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
 		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[1]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
-		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
+		add_blame_entry(blamed, new_entry);
 	}
 	else {
 		/* parent and then me */
-		dup_entry(e, &split[1]);
+		dup_entry(blamed, e, &split[1]);
 
 		new_entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_entry));
 		memcpy(new_entry, &(split[2]), sizeof(struct blame_entry));
-		add_blame_entry(sb, new_entry);
-	}
-
-	if (DEBUG) { /* sanity */
-		struct blame_entry *ent;
-		int lno = sb->ent->lno, corrupt = 0;
-
-		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
-			if (lno != ent->lno)
-				corrupt = 1;
-			if (ent->s_lno < 0)
-				corrupt = 1;
-			lno += ent->num_lines;
-		}
-		if (corrupt) {
-			lno = sb->ent->lno;
-			for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
-				printf("L %8d l %8d n %8d\n",
-				       lno, ent->lno, ent->num_lines);
-				lno = ent->lno + ent->num_lines;
-			}
-			die("oops");
-		}
+		add_blame_entry(unblamed, new_entry);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -698,73 +805,147 @@ static void decref_split(struct blame_entry *split)
 }
 
 /*
- * Helper for blame_chunk().  blame_entry e is known to overlap with
- * the patch hunk; split it and pass blame to the parent.
+ * reverse_blame reverses the list given in head, appending tail.
+ * That allows us to build lists in reverse order, then reverse them
+ * afterwards.  This can be faster than building the list in proper
+ * order right away.  The reason is that building in proper order
+ * requires writing a link in the _previous_ element, while building
+ * in reverse order just requires placing the list head into the
+ * _current_ element.
  */
-static void blame_overlap(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *e,
-			  int tlno, int plno, int same,
-			  struct origin *parent)
-{
-	struct blame_entry split[3];
-
-	split_overlap(split, e, tlno, plno, same, parent);
-	if (split[1].suspect)
-		split_blame(sb, split, e);
-	decref_split(split);
-}
 
-/*
- * Find the line number of the last line the target is suspected for.
- */
-static int find_last_in_target(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *target)
+static struct blame_entry *reverse_blame(struct blame_entry *head,
+					 struct blame_entry *tail)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *e;
-	int last_in_target = -1;
-
-	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
-		if (e->guilty || !same_suspect(e->suspect, target))
-			continue;
-		if (last_in_target < e->s_lno + e->num_lines)
-			last_in_target = e->s_lno + e->num_lines;
+	while (head) {
+		struct blame_entry *next = head->next;
+		head->next = tail;
+		tail = head;
+		head = next;
 	}
-	return last_in_target;
+	return tail;
 }
 
 /*
  * Process one hunk from the patch between the current suspect for
- * blame_entry e and its parent.  Find and split the overlap, and
- * pass blame to the overlapping part to the parent.
+ * blame_entry e and its parent.  This first blames any unfinished
+ * entries before the chunk (which is where target and parent start
+ * differing) on the parent, and then splits blame entries at the
+ * start and at the end of the difference region.  Since use of -M and
+ * -C options may lead to overlapping/duplicate source line number
+ * ranges, all we can rely on from sorting/merging is the order of the
+ * first suspect line number.
  */
-static void blame_chunk(struct scoreboard *sb,
-			int tlno, int plno, int same,
-			struct origin *target, struct origin *parent)
+static void blame_chunk(struct blame_entry ***dstq, struct blame_entry ***srcq,
+			int tlno, int offset, int same,
+			struct origin *parent)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *e;
+	struct blame_entry *e = **srcq;
+	struct blame_entry *samep = NULL, *diffp = NULL;
 
-	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
-		if (e->guilty || !same_suspect(e->suspect, target))
-			continue;
-		if (same <= e->s_lno)
-			continue;
-		if (tlno < e->s_lno + e->num_lines)
-			blame_overlap(sb, e, tlno, plno, same, parent);
+	while (e && e->s_lno < tlno) {
+		struct blame_entry *next = e->next;
+		/*
+		 * current record starts before differing portion.  If
+		 * it reaches into it, we need to split it up and
+		 * examine the second part separately.
+		 */
+		if (e->s_lno + e->num_lines > tlno) {
+			/* Move second half to a new record */
+			int len = tlno - e->s_lno;
+			struct blame_entry *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof (struct blame_entry));
+			n->suspect = e->suspect;
+			n->lno = e->lno + len;
+			n->s_lno = e->s_lno + len;
+			n->num_lines = e->num_lines - len;
+			e->num_lines = len;
+			e->score = 0;
+			/* Push new record to diffp */
+			n->next = diffp;
+			diffp = n;
+		} else
+			origin_decref(e->suspect);
+		/* Pass blame for everything before the differing
+		 * chunk to the parent */
+		e->suspect = origin_incref(parent);
+		e->s_lno += offset;
+		e->next = samep;
+		samep = e;
+		e = next;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * As we don't know how much of a common stretch after this
+	 * diff will occur, the currently blamed parts are all that we
+	 * can assign to the parent for now.
+	 */
+
+	if (samep) {
+		**dstq = reverse_blame(samep, **dstq);
+		*dstq = &samep->next;
 	}
+	/*
+	 * Prepend the split off portions: everything after e starts
+	 * after the blameable portion.
+	 */
+	e = reverse_blame(diffp, e);
+
+	/*
+	 * Now retain records on the target while parts are different
+	 * from the parent.
+	 */
+	samep = NULL;
+	diffp = NULL;
+	while (e && e->s_lno < same) {
+		struct blame_entry *next = e->next;
+
+		/*
+		 * If current record extends into sameness, need to split.
+		 */
+		if (e->s_lno + e->num_lines > same) {
+			/*
+			 * Move second half to a new record to be
+			 * processed by later chunks
+			 */
+			int len = same - e->s_lno;
+			struct blame_entry *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof (struct blame_entry));
+			n->suspect = origin_incref(e->suspect);
+			n->lno = e->lno + len;
+			n->s_lno = e->s_lno + len;
+			n->num_lines = e->num_lines - len;
+			e->num_lines = len;
+			e->score = 0;
+			/* Push new record to samep */
+			n->next = samep;
+			samep = n;
+		}
+		e->next = diffp;
+		diffp = e;
+		e = next;
+	}
+	**srcq = reverse_blame(diffp, reverse_blame(samep, e));
+	/* Move across elements that are in the unblamable portion */
+	if (diffp)
+		*srcq = &diffp->next;
 }
 
 struct blame_chunk_cb_data {
-	struct scoreboard *sb;
-	struct origin *target;
 	struct origin *parent;
-	long plno;
-	long tlno;
+	long offset;
+	struct blame_entry **dstq;
+	struct blame_entry **srcq;
 };
 
-static void blame_chunk_cb(void *data, long same, long p_next, long t_next)
+/* diff chunks are from parent to target */
+static int blame_chunk_cb(long start_a, long count_a,
+			  long start_b, long count_b, void *data)
 {
 	struct blame_chunk_cb_data *d = data;
-	blame_chunk(d->sb, d->tlno, d->plno, same, d->target, d->parent);
-	d->plno = p_next;
-	d->tlno = t_next;
+	if (start_a - start_b != d->offset)
+		die("internal error in blame::blame_chunk_cb");
+	blame_chunk(&d->dstq, &d->srcq, start_b, start_a - start_b,
+		    start_b + count_b, d->parent);
+	d->offset = start_a + count_a - (start_b + count_b);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -772,34 +953,32 @@ static void blame_chunk_cb(void *data, long same, long p_next, long t_next)
  * for the lines it is suspected to its parent.  Run diff to find
  * which lines came from parent and pass blame for them.
  */
-static int pass_blame_to_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
-				struct origin *target,
-				struct origin *parent)
+static void pass_blame_to_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				 struct origin *target,
+				 struct origin *parent)
 {
-	int last_in_target;
 	mmfile_t file_p, file_o;
 	struct blame_chunk_cb_data d;
-	xpparam_t xpp;
-	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
-	memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
-	d.sb = sb; d.target = target; d.parent = parent;
-	last_in_target = find_last_in_target(sb, target);
-	if (last_in_target < 0)
-		return 1; /* nothing remains for this target */
+	struct blame_entry *newdest = NULL;
+
+	if (!target->suspects)
+		return; /* nothing remains for this target */
+
+	d.parent = parent;
+	d.offset = 0;
+	d.dstq = &newdest; d.srcq = &target->suspects;
 
 	fill_origin_blob(&sb->revs->diffopt, parent, &file_p);
 	fill_origin_blob(&sb->revs->diffopt, target, &file_o);
 	num_get_patch++;
 
-	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-	xpp.flags = xdl_opts;
-	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
-	xecfg.ctxlen = 0;
-	xdi_diff_hunks(&file_p, &file_o, blame_chunk_cb, &d, &xpp, &xecfg);
-	/* The rest (i.e. anything after tlno) are the same as the parent */
-	blame_chunk(sb, d.tlno, d.plno, last_in_target, target, parent);
+	diff_hunks(&file_p, &file_o, 0, blame_chunk_cb, &d);
+	/* The rest are the same as the parent */
+	blame_chunk(&d.dstq, &d.srcq, INT_MAX, d.offset, INT_MAX, parent);
+	*d.dstq = NULL;
+	queue_blames(sb, parent, newdest);
 
-	return 0;
+	return;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -899,12 +1078,15 @@ struct handle_split_cb_data {
 	long tlno;
 };
 
-static void handle_split_cb(void *data, long same, long p_next, long t_next)
+static int handle_split_cb(long start_a, long count_a,
+			   long start_b, long count_b, void *data)
 {
 	struct handle_split_cb_data *d = data;
-	handle_split(d->sb, d->ent, d->tlno, d->plno, same, d->parent, d->split);
-	d->plno = p_next;
-	d->tlno = t_next;
+	handle_split(d->sb, d->ent, d->tlno, d->plno, start_b, d->parent,
+		     d->split);
+	d->plno = start_a + count_a;
+	d->tlno = start_b + count_b;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -919,11 +1101,9 @@ static void find_copy_in_blob(struct scoreboard *sb,
 			      mmfile_t *file_p)
 {
 	const char *cp;
-	int cnt;
 	mmfile_t file_o;
 	struct handle_split_cb_data d;
-	xpparam_t xpp;
-	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+
 	memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
 	d.sb = sb; d.ent = ent; d.parent = parent; d.split = split;
 	/*
@@ -931,65 +1111,92 @@ static void find_copy_in_blob(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	 */
 	cp = nth_line(sb, ent->lno);
 	file_o.ptr = (char *) cp;
-	cnt = ent->num_lines;
-
-	while (cnt && cp < sb->final_buf + sb->final_buf_size) {
-		if (*cp++ == '\n')
-			cnt--;
-	}
-	file_o.size = cp - file_o.ptr;
+	file_o.size = nth_line(sb, ent->lno + ent->num_lines) - cp;
 
 	/*
 	 * file_o is a part of final image we are annotating.
 	 * file_p partially may match that image.
 	 */
-	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-	xpp.flags = xdl_opts;
-	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
-	xecfg.ctxlen = 1;
 	memset(split, 0, sizeof(struct blame_entry [3]));
-	xdi_diff_hunks(file_p, &file_o, handle_split_cb, &d, &xpp, &xecfg);
+	diff_hunks(file_p, &file_o, 1, handle_split_cb, &d);
 	/* remainder, if any, all match the preimage */
 	handle_split(sb, ent, d.tlno, d.plno, ent->num_lines, parent, split);
 }
 
+/* Move all blame entries from list *source that have a score smaller
+ * than score_min to the front of list *small.
+ * Returns a pointer to the link pointing to the old head of the small list.
+ */
+
+static struct blame_entry **filter_small(struct scoreboard *sb,
+					 struct blame_entry **small,
+					 struct blame_entry **source,
+					 unsigned score_min)
+{
+	struct blame_entry *p = *source;
+	struct blame_entry *oldsmall = *small;
+	while (p) {
+		if (ent_score(sb, p) <= score_min) {
+			*small = p;
+			small = &p->next;
+			p = *small;
+		} else {
+			*source = p;
+			source = &p->next;
+			p = *source;
+		}
+	}
+	*small = oldsmall;
+	*source = NULL;
+	return small;
+}
+
 /*
  * See if lines currently target is suspected for can be attributed to
  * parent.
  */
-static int find_move_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
-			       struct origin *target,
-			       struct origin *parent)
+static void find_move_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				struct blame_entry ***blamed,
+				struct blame_entry **toosmall,
+				struct origin *target,
+				struct origin *parent)
 {
-	int last_in_target, made_progress;
 	struct blame_entry *e, split[3];
+	struct blame_entry *unblamed = target->suspects;
+	struct blame_entry *leftover = NULL;
 	mmfile_t file_p;
 
-	last_in_target = find_last_in_target(sb, target);
-	if (last_in_target < 0)
-		return 1; /* nothing remains for this target */
+	if (!unblamed)
+		return; /* nothing remains for this target */
 
 	fill_origin_blob(&sb->revs->diffopt, parent, &file_p);
 	if (!file_p.ptr)
-		return 0;
+		return;
 
-	made_progress = 1;
-	while (made_progress) {
-		made_progress = 0;
-		for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
-			if (e->guilty || !same_suspect(e->suspect, target) ||
-			    ent_score(sb, e) < blame_move_score)
-				continue;
+	/* At each iteration, unblamed has a NULL-terminated list of
+	 * entries that have not yet been tested for blame.  leftover
+	 * contains the reversed list of entries that have been tested
+	 * without being assignable to the parent.
+	 */
+	do {
+		struct blame_entry **unblamedtail = &unblamed;
+		struct blame_entry *next;
+		for (e = unblamed; e; e = next) {
+			next = e->next;
 			find_copy_in_blob(sb, e, parent, split, &file_p);
 			if (split[1].suspect &&
 			    blame_move_score < ent_score(sb, &split[1])) {
-				split_blame(sb, split, e);
-				made_progress = 1;
+				split_blame(blamed, &unblamedtail, split, e);
+			} else {
+				e->next = leftover;
+				leftover = e;
 			}
 			decref_split(split);
 		}
-	}
-	return 0;
+		*unblamedtail = NULL;
+		toosmall = filter_small(sb, toosmall, &unblamed, blame_move_score);
+	} while (unblamed);
+	target->suspects = reverse_blame(leftover, NULL);
 }
 
 struct blame_list {
@@ -1001,72 +1208,52 @@ struct blame_list {
  * Count the number of entries the target is suspected for,
  * and prepare a list of entry and the best split.
  */
-static struct blame_list *setup_blame_list(struct scoreboard *sb,
-					   struct origin *target,
-					   int min_score,
+static struct blame_list *setup_blame_list(struct blame_entry *unblamed,
 					   int *num_ents_p)
 {
 	struct blame_entry *e;
 	int num_ents, i;
 	struct blame_list *blame_list = NULL;
 
-	for (e = sb->ent, num_ents = 0; e; e = e->next)
-		if (!e->scanned && !e->guilty &&
-		    same_suspect(e->suspect, target) &&
-		    min_score < ent_score(sb, e))
-			num_ents++;
+	for (e = unblamed, num_ents = 0; e; e = e->next)
+		num_ents++;
 	if (num_ents) {
 		blame_list = xcalloc(num_ents, sizeof(struct blame_list));
-		for (e = sb->ent, i = 0; e; e = e->next)
-			if (!e->scanned && !e->guilty &&
-			    same_suspect(e->suspect, target) &&
-			    min_score < ent_score(sb, e))
-				blame_list[i++].ent = e;
+		for (e = unblamed, i = 0; e; e = e->next)
+			blame_list[i++].ent = e;
 	}
 	*num_ents_p = num_ents;
 	return blame_list;
 }
 
 /*
- * Reset the scanned status on all entries.
- */
-static void reset_scanned_flag(struct scoreboard *sb)
-{
-	struct blame_entry *e;
-	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next)
-		e->scanned = 0;
-}
-
-/*
  * For lines target is suspected for, see if we can find code movement
  * across file boundary from the parent commit.  porigin is the path
  * in the parent we already tried.
  */
-static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
-			       struct origin *target,
-			       struct commit *parent,
-			       struct origin *porigin,
-			       int opt)
+static void find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
+				struct blame_entry ***blamed,
+				struct blame_entry **toosmall,
+				struct origin *target,
+				struct commit *parent,
+				struct origin *porigin,
+				int opt)
 {
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
-	const char *paths[1];
 	int i, j;
-	int retval;
 	struct blame_list *blame_list;
 	int num_ents;
+	struct blame_entry *unblamed = target->suspects;
+	struct blame_entry *leftover = NULL;
 
-	blame_list = setup_blame_list(sb, target, blame_copy_score, &num_ents);
-	if (!blame_list)
-		return 1; /* nothing remains for this target */
+	if (!unblamed)
+		return; /* nothing remains for this target */
 
 	diff_setup(&diff_opts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
 
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("diff-setup");
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 
 	/* Try "find copies harder" on new path if requested;
 	 * we do not want to use diffcore_rename() actually to
@@ -1090,9 +1277,9 @@ static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
 	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&diff_opts, FIND_COPIES_HARDER))
 		diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
 
-	retval = 0;
-	while (1) {
-		int made_progress = 0;
+	do {
+		struct blame_entry **unblamedtail = &unblamed;
+		blame_list = setup_blame_list(unblamed, &num_ents);
 
 		for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
@@ -1129,27 +1316,21 @@ static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
 			struct blame_entry *split = blame_list[j].split;
 			if (split[1].suspect &&
 			    blame_copy_score < ent_score(sb, &split[1])) {
-				split_blame(sb, split, blame_list[j].ent);
-				made_progress = 1;
+				split_blame(blamed, &unblamedtail, split,
+					    blame_list[j].ent);
+			} else {
+				blame_list[j].ent->next = leftover;
+				leftover = blame_list[j].ent;
 			}
-			else
-				blame_list[j].ent->scanned = 1;
 			decref_split(split);
 		}
 		free(blame_list);
-
-		if (!made_progress)
-			break;
-		blame_list = setup_blame_list(sb, target, blame_copy_score, &num_ents);
-		if (!blame_list) {
-			retval = 1;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	reset_scanned_flag(sb);
+		*unblamedtail = NULL;
+		toosmall = filter_small(sb, toosmall, &unblamed, blame_copy_score);
+	} while (unblamed);
+	target->suspects = reverse_blame(leftover, NULL);
 	diff_flush(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
-	return retval;
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1159,20 +1340,21 @@ static int find_copy_in_parent(struct scoreboard *sb,
 static void pass_whole_blame(struct scoreboard *sb,
 			     struct origin *origin, struct origin *porigin)
 {
-	struct blame_entry *e;
+	struct blame_entry *e, *suspects;
 
 	if (!porigin->file.ptr && origin->file.ptr) {
 		/* Steal its file */
 		porigin->file = origin->file;
 		origin->file.ptr = NULL;
 	}
-	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
-		if (!same_suspect(e->suspect, origin))
-			continue;
+	suspects = origin->suspects;
+	origin->suspects = NULL;
+	for (e = suspects; e; e = e->next) {
 		origin_incref(porigin);
 		origin_decref(e->suspect);
 		e->suspect = porigin;
 	}
+	queue_blames(sb, porigin, suspects);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1189,11 +1371,29 @@ static struct commit_list *first_scapegoat(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit
 
 static int num_scapegoats(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	int cnt;
 	struct commit_list *l = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
-	for (cnt = 0; l; l = l->next)
-		cnt++;
-	return cnt;
+	return commit_list_count(l);
+}
+
+/* Distribute collected unsorted blames to the respected sorted lists
+ * in the various origins.
+ */
+static void distribute_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *blamed)
+{
+	blamed = blame_sort(blamed, compare_blame_suspect);
+	while (blamed)
+	{
+		struct origin *porigin = blamed->suspect;
+		struct blame_entry *suspects = NULL;
+		do {
+			struct blame_entry *next = blamed->next;
+			blamed->next = suspects;
+			suspects = blamed;
+			blamed = next;
+		} while (blamed && blamed->suspect == porigin);
+		suspects = reverse_blame(suspects, NULL);
+		queue_blames(sb, porigin, suspects);
+	}
 }
 
 #define MAXSG 16
@@ -1206,6 +1406,8 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
 	struct commit_list *sg;
 	struct origin *sg_buf[MAXSG];
 	struct origin *porigin, **sg_origin = sg_buf;
+	struct blame_entry *toosmall = NULL;
+	struct blame_entry *blames, **blametail = &blames;
 
 	num_sg = num_scapegoats(revs, commit);
 	if (!num_sg)
@@ -1219,7 +1421,7 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
 	 * The first pass looks for unrenamed path to optimize for
 	 * common cases, then we look for renames in the second pass.
 	 */
-	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+	for (pass = 0; pass < 2 - no_whole_file_rename; pass++) {
 		struct origin *(*find)(struct scoreboard *,
 				       struct commit *, struct origin *);
 		find = pass ? find_rename : find_origin;
@@ -1267,38 +1469,71 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
 			origin_incref(porigin);
 			origin->previous = porigin;
 		}
-		if (pass_blame_to_parent(sb, origin, porigin))
+		pass_blame_to_parent(sb, origin, porigin);
+		if (!origin->suspects)
 			goto finish;
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Optionally find moves in parents' files.
 	 */
-	if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE)
-		for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
-		     i < num_sg && sg;
-		     sg = sg->next, i++) {
-			struct origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
-			if (!porigin)
-				continue;
-			if (find_move_in_parent(sb, origin, porigin))
-				goto finish;
+	if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE) {
+		filter_small(sb, &toosmall, &origin->suspects, blame_move_score);
+		if (origin->suspects) {
+			for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
+			     i < num_sg && sg;
+			     sg = sg->next, i++) {
+				struct origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
+				if (!porigin)
+					continue;
+				find_move_in_parent(sb, &blametail, &toosmall, origin, porigin);
+				if (!origin->suspects)
+					break;
+			}
 		}
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Optionally find copies from parents' files.
 	 */
-	if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY)
+	if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY) {
+		if (blame_copy_score > blame_move_score)
+			filter_small(sb, &toosmall, &origin->suspects, blame_copy_score);
+		else if (blame_copy_score < blame_move_score) {
+			origin->suspects = blame_merge(origin->suspects, toosmall);
+			toosmall = NULL;
+			filter_small(sb, &toosmall, &origin->suspects, blame_copy_score);
+		}
+		if (!origin->suspects)
+			goto finish;
+
 		for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit);
 		     i < num_sg && sg;
 		     sg = sg->next, i++) {
 			struct origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
-			if (find_copy_in_parent(sb, origin, sg->item,
-						porigin, opt))
+			find_copy_in_parent(sb, &blametail, &toosmall,
+					    origin, sg->item, porigin, opt);
+			if (!origin->suspects)
 				goto finish;
 		}
+	}
 
- finish:
+finish:
+	*blametail = NULL;
+	distribute_blame(sb, blames);
+	/*
+	 * prepend toosmall to origin->suspects
+	 *
+	 * There is no point in sorting: this ends up on a big
+	 * unsorted list in the caller anyway.
+	 */
+	if (toosmall) {
+		struct blame_entry **tail = &toosmall;
+		while (*tail)
+			tail = &(*tail)->next;
+		*tail = origin->suspects;
+		origin->suspects = toosmall;
+	}
 	for (i = 0; i < num_sg; i++) {
 		if (sg_origin[i]) {
 			drop_origin_blob(sg_origin[i]);
@@ -1314,30 +1549,31 @@ static void pass_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, struct origin *origin, int opt)
  * Information on commits, used for output.
  */
 struct commit_info {
-	const char *author;
-	const char *author_mail;
+	struct strbuf author;
+	struct strbuf author_mail;
 	unsigned long author_time;
-	const char *author_tz;
+	struct strbuf author_tz;
 
 	/* filled only when asked for details */
-	const char *committer;
-	const char *committer_mail;
+	struct strbuf committer;
+	struct strbuf committer_mail;
 	unsigned long committer_time;
-	const char *committer_tz;
+	struct strbuf committer_tz;
 
-	const char *summary;
+	struct strbuf summary;
 };
 
 /*
  * Parse author/committer line in the commit object buffer
  */
 static void get_ac_line(const char *inbuf, const char *what,
-			int person_len, char *person,
-			int mail_len, char *mail,
-			unsigned long *time, const char **tz)
+	struct strbuf *name, struct strbuf *mail,
+	unsigned long *time, struct strbuf *tz)
 {
-	int len, tzlen, maillen;
-	char *tmp, *endp, *timepos, *mailpos;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	size_t len, maillen, namelen;
+	char *tmp, *endp;
+	const char *namebuf, *mailbuf;
 
 	tmp = strstr(inbuf, what);
 	if (!tmp)
@@ -1348,69 +1584,66 @@ static void get_ac_line(const char *inbuf, const char *what,
 		len = strlen(tmp);
 	else
 		len = endp - tmp;
-	if (person_len <= len) {
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, tmp, len)) {
 	error_out:
 		/* Ugh */
-		*tz = "(unknown)";
-		strcpy(person, *tz);
-		strcpy(mail, *tz);
+		tmp = "(unknown)";
+		strbuf_addstr(name, tmp);
+		strbuf_addstr(mail, tmp);
+		strbuf_addstr(tz, tmp);
 		*time = 0;
 		return;
 	}
-	memcpy(person, tmp, len);
 
-	tmp = person;
-	tmp += len;
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		goto error_out;
-	*tz = tmp+1;
-	tzlen = (person+len)-(tmp+1);
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
 
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && *tmp != ' ')
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		goto error_out;
-	*time = strtoul(tmp, NULL, 10);
-	timepos = tmp;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
 
-	*tmp = 0;
-	while (person < tmp && !(*tmp == ' ' && tmp[1] == '<'))
-		tmp--;
-	if (tmp <= person)
-		return;
-	mailpos = tmp + 1;
-	*tmp = 0;
-	maillen = timepos - tmp;
-	memcpy(mail, mailpos, maillen);
-
-	if (!mailmap.nr)
-		return;
+	if (ident.date_begin && ident.date_end)
+		*time = strtoul(ident.date_begin, NULL, 10);
+	else
+		*time = 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * mailmap expansion may make the name longer.
-	 * make room by pushing stuff down.
-	 */
-	tmp = person + person_len - (tzlen + 1);
-	memmove(tmp, *tz, tzlen);
-	tmp[tzlen] = 0;
-	*tz = tmp;
+	if (ident.tz_begin && ident.tz_end)
+		strbuf_add(tz, ident.tz_begin, ident.tz_end - ident.tz_begin);
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(tz, "(unknown)");
 
 	/*
 	 * Now, convert both name and e-mail using mailmap
 	 */
-	if (map_user(&mailmap, mail+1, mail_len-1, person, tmp-person-1)) {
-		/* Add a trailing '>' to email, since map_user returns plain emails
-		   Note: It already has '<', since we replace from mail+1 */
-		mailpos = memchr(mail, '\0', mail_len);
-		if (mailpos && mailpos-mail < mail_len - 1) {
-			*mailpos = '>';
-			*(mailpos+1) = '\0';
-		}
-	}
+	map_user(&mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen,
+		 &namebuf, &namelen);
+
+	strbuf_addf(mail, "<%.*s>", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
+	strbuf_add(name, namebuf, namelen);
+}
+
+static void commit_info_init(struct commit_info *ci)
+{
+
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author_mail, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->author_tz, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer_mail, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->committer_tz, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&ci->summary, 0);
+}
+
+static void commit_info_destroy(struct commit_info *ci)
+{
+
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author_mail);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->author_tz);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer_mail);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->committer_tz);
+	strbuf_release(&ci->summary);
 }
 
 static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
@@ -1418,57 +1651,33 @@ static void get_commit_info(struct commit *commit,
 			    int detailed)
 {
 	int len;
-	const char *subject;
-	char *reencoded, *message;
-	static char author_name[1024];
-	static char author_mail[1024];
-	static char committer_name[1024];
-	static char committer_mail[1024];
-	static char summary_buf[1024];
+	const char *subject, *encoding;
+	const char *message;
 
-	/*
-	 * We've operated without save_commit_buffer, so
-	 * we now need to populate them for output.
-	 */
-	if (!commit->buffer) {
-		enum object_type type;
-		unsigned long size;
-		commit->buffer =
-			read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
-		if (!commit->buffer)
-			die("Cannot read commit %s",
-			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	}
-	reencoded = reencode_commit_message(commit, NULL);
-	message   = reencoded ? reencoded : commit->buffer;
-	ret->author = author_name;
-	ret->author_mail = author_mail;
+	commit_info_init(ret);
+
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
 	get_ac_line(message, "\nauthor ",
-		    sizeof(author_name), author_name,
-		    sizeof(author_mail), author_mail,
+		    &ret->author, &ret->author_mail,
 		    &ret->author_time, &ret->author_tz);
 
 	if (!detailed) {
-		free(reencoded);
+		unuse_commit_buffer(commit, message);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	ret->committer = committer_name;
-	ret->committer_mail = committer_mail;
 	get_ac_line(message, "\ncommitter ",
-		    sizeof(committer_name), committer_name,
-		    sizeof(committer_mail), committer_mail,
+		    &ret->committer, &ret->committer_mail,
 		    &ret->committer_time, &ret->committer_tz);
 
-	ret->summary = summary_buf;
 	len = find_commit_subject(message, &subject);
-	if (len && len < sizeof(summary_buf)) {
-		memcpy(summary_buf, subject, len);
-		summary_buf[len] = 0;
-	} else {
-		sprintf(summary_buf, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-	}
-	free(reencoded);
+	if (len)
+		strbuf_add(&ret->summary, subject, len);
+	else
+		strbuf_addf(&ret->summary, "(%s)", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, message);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1496,15 +1705,15 @@ static int emit_one_suspect_detail(struct origin *suspect, int repeat)
 
 	suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 	get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
-	printf("author %s\n", ci.author);
-	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail);
+	printf("author %s\n", ci.author.buf);
+	printf("author-mail %s\n", ci.author_mail.buf);
 	printf("author-time %lu\n", ci.author_time);
-	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz);
-	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer);
-	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail);
+	printf("author-tz %s\n", ci.author_tz.buf);
+	printf("committer %s\n", ci.committer.buf);
+	printf("committer-mail %s\n", ci.committer_mail.buf);
 	printf("committer-time %lu\n", ci.committer_time);
-	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz);
-	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary);
+	printf("committer-tz %s\n", ci.committer_tz.buf);
+	printf("summary %s\n", ci.summary.buf);
 	if (suspect->commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		printf("boundary\n");
 	if (suspect->previous) {
@@ -1512,18 +1721,18 @@ static int emit_one_suspect_detail(struct origin *suspect, int repeat)
 		printf("previous %s ", sha1_to_hex(prev->commit->object.sha1));
 		write_name_quoted(prev->path, stdout, '\n');
 	}
+
+	commit_info_destroy(&ci);
+
 	return 1;
 }
 
 /*
- * The blame_entry is found to be guilty for the range.  Mark it
- * as such, and show it in incremental output.
+ * The blame_entry is found to be guilty for the range.
+ * Show it in incremental output.
  */
 static void found_guilty_entry(struct blame_entry *ent)
 {
-	if (ent->guilty)
-		return;
-	ent->guilty = 1;
 	if (incremental) {
 		struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
 
@@ -1537,34 +1746,35 @@ static void found_guilty_entry(struct blame_entry *ent)
 }
 
 /*
- * The main loop -- while the scoreboard has lines whose true origin
- * is still unknown, pick one blame_entry, and allow its current
- * suspect to pass blames to its parents.
- */
+ * The main loop -- while we have blobs with lines whose true origin
+ * is still unknown, pick one blob, and allow its lines to pass blames
+ * to its parents. */
 static void assign_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, int opt)
 {
 	struct rev_info *revs = sb->revs;
+	struct commit *commit = prio_queue_get(&sb->commits);
 
-	while (1) {
+	while (commit) {
 		struct blame_entry *ent;
-		struct commit *commit;
-		struct origin *suspect = NULL;
+		struct origin *suspect = commit->util;
 
 		/* find one suspect to break down */
-		for (ent = sb->ent; !suspect && ent; ent = ent->next)
-			if (!ent->guilty)
-				suspect = ent->suspect;
-		if (!suspect)
-			return; /* all done */
+		while (suspect && !suspect->suspects)
+			suspect = suspect->next;
+
+		if (!suspect) {
+			commit = prio_queue_get(&sb->commits);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		assert(commit == suspect->commit);
 
 		/*
 		 * We will use this suspect later in the loop,
 		 * so hold onto it in the meantime.
 		 */
 		origin_incref(suspect);
-		commit = suspect->commit;
-		if (!commit->object.parsed)
-			parse_commit(commit);
+		parse_commit(commit);
 		if (reverse ||
 		    (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
 		     !(revs->max_age != -1 && commit->date < revs->max_age)))
@@ -1579,9 +1789,22 @@ static void assign_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, int opt)
 			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 
 		/* Take responsibility for the remaining entries */
-		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next)
-			if (same_suspect(ent->suspect, suspect))
+		ent = suspect->suspects;
+		if (ent) {
+			suspect->guilty = 1;
+			for (;;) {
+				struct blame_entry *next = ent->next;
 				found_guilty_entry(ent);
+				if (next) {
+					ent = next;
+					continue;
+				}
+				ent->next = sb->ent;
+				sb->ent = suspect->suspects;
+				suspect->suspects = NULL;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
 		origin_decref(suspect);
 
 		if (DEBUG) /* sanity */
@@ -1592,22 +1815,29 @@ static void assign_blame(struct scoreboard *sb, int opt)
 static const char *format_time(unsigned long time, const char *tz_str,
 			       int show_raw_time)
 {
-	static char time_buf[128];
-	const char *time_str;
-	int time_len;
-	int tz;
+	static struct strbuf time_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	strbuf_reset(&time_buf);
 	if (show_raw_time) {
-		snprintf(time_buf, sizeof(time_buf), "%lu %s", time, tz_str);
+		strbuf_addf(&time_buf, "%lu %s", time, tz_str);
 	}
 	else {
+		const char *time_str;
+		size_t time_width;
+		int tz;
 		tz = atoi(tz_str);
 		time_str = show_date(time, tz, blame_date_mode);
-		time_len = strlen(time_str);
-		memcpy(time_buf, time_str, time_len);
-		memset(time_buf + time_len, ' ', blame_date_width - time_len);
+		strbuf_addstr(&time_buf, time_str);
+		/*
+		 * Add space paddings to time_buf to display a fixed width
+		 * string, and use time_width for display width calibration.
+		 */
+		for (time_width = utf8_strwidth(time_str);
+		     time_width < blame_date_width;
+		     time_width++)
+			strbuf_addch(&time_buf, ' ');
 	}
-	return time_buf;
+	return time_buf.buf;
 }
 
 #define OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT	001
@@ -1638,9 +1868,8 @@ static void emit_porcelain(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent,
 	char hex[41];
 
 	strcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(suspect->commit->object.sha1));
-	printf("%s%c%d %d %d\n",
+	printf("%s %d %d %d\n",
 	       hex,
-	       ent->guilty ? ' ' : '*', /* purely for debugging */
 	       ent->s_lno + 1,
 	       ent->lno + 1,
 	       ent->num_lines);
@@ -1698,11 +1927,11 @@ static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
 		if (opt & OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT) {
 			const char *name;
 			if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-				name = ci.author_mail;
+				name = ci.author_mail.buf;
 			else
-				name = ci.author;
+				name = ci.author.buf;
 			printf("\t(%10s\t%10s\t%d)", name,
-			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz,
+			       format_time(ci.author_time, ci.author_tz.buf,
 					   show_raw_time),
 			       ent->lno + 1 + cnt);
 		} else {
@@ -1721,14 +1950,14 @@ static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
 				const char *name;
 				int pad;
 				if (opt & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-					name = ci.author_mail;
+					name = ci.author_mail.buf;
 				else
-					name = ci.author;
+					name = ci.author.buf;
 				pad = longest_author - utf8_strwidth(name);
 				printf(" (%s%*s %10s",
 				       name, pad, "",
 				       format_time(ci.author_time,
-						   ci.author_tz,
+						   ci.author_tz.buf,
 						   show_raw_time));
 			}
 			printf(" %*d) ",
@@ -1743,6 +1972,8 @@ static void emit_other(struct scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *ent, int opt)
 
 	if (sb->final_buf_size && cp[-1] != '\n')
 		putchar('\n');
+
+	commit_info_destroy(&ci);
 }
 
 static void output(struct scoreboard *sb, int option)
@@ -1751,17 +1982,16 @@ static void output(struct scoreboard *sb, int option)
 
 	if (option & OUTPUT_PORCELAIN) {
 		for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
-			struct blame_entry *oth;
-			struct origin *suspect = ent->suspect;
-			struct commit *commit = suspect->commit;
+			int count = 0;
+			struct origin *suspect;
+			struct commit *commit = ent->suspect->commit;
 			if (commit->object.flags & MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH)
 				continue;
-			for (oth = ent->next; oth; oth = oth->next) {
-				if ((oth->suspect->commit != commit) ||
-				    !strcmp(oth->suspect->path, suspect->path))
-					continue;
-				commit->object.flags |= MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH;
-				break;
+			for (suspect = commit->util; suspect; suspect = suspect->next) {
+				if (suspect->guilty && count++) {
+					commit->object.flags |= MORE_THAN_ONE_PATH;
+					break;
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1775,6 +2005,12 @@ static void output(struct scoreboard *sb, int option)
 	}
 }
 
+static const char *get_next_line(const char *start, const char *end)
+{
+	const char *nl = memchr(start, '\n', end - start);
+	return nl ? nl + 1 : end;
+}
+
 /*
  * To allow quick access to the contents of nth line in the
  * final image, prepare an index in the scoreboard.
@@ -1783,26 +2019,22 @@ static int prepare_lines(struct scoreboard *sb)
 {
 	const char *buf = sb->final_buf;
 	unsigned long len = sb->final_buf_size;
-	int num = 0, incomplete = 0, bol = 1;
-
-	if (len && buf[len-1] != '\n')
-		incomplete++; /* incomplete line at the end */
-	while (len--) {
-		if (bol) {
-			sb->lineno = xrealloc(sb->lineno,
-					      sizeof(int *) * (num + 1));
-			sb->lineno[num] = buf - sb->final_buf;
-			bol = 0;
-		}
-		if (*buf++ == '\n') {
-			num++;
-			bol = 1;
-		}
-	}
-	sb->lineno = xrealloc(sb->lineno,
-			      sizeof(int *) * (num + incomplete + 1));
-	sb->lineno[num + incomplete] = buf - sb->final_buf;
-	sb->num_lines = num + incomplete;
+	const char *end = buf + len;
+	const char *p;
+	int *lineno;
+	int num = 0;
+
+	for (p = buf; p < end; p = get_next_line(p, end))
+		num++;
+
+	sb->lineno = lineno = xmalloc(sizeof(*sb->lineno) * (num + 1));
+
+	for (p = buf; p < end; p = get_next_line(p, end))
+		*lineno++ = p - buf;
+
+	*lineno = len;
+
+	sb->num_lines = num;
 	return sb->num_lines;
 }
 
@@ -1814,20 +2046,30 @@ static int prepare_lines(struct scoreboard *sb)
 static int read_ancestry(const char *graft_file)
 {
 	FILE *fp = fopen(graft_file, "r");
-	char buf[1024];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	if (!fp)
 		return -1;
-	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, fp, '\n')) {
 		/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
-		int len = strlen(buf);
-		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf, len);
+		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf.buf, buf.len);
 		if (graft)
 			register_commit_graft(graft, 0);
 	}
 	fclose(fp);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int update_auto_abbrev(int auto_abbrev, struct origin *suspect)
+{
+	const char *uniq = find_unique_abbrev(suspect->commit->object.sha1,
+					      auto_abbrev);
+	int len = strlen(uniq);
+	if (auto_abbrev < len)
+		return len;
+	return auto_abbrev;
+}
+
 /*
  * How many columns do we need to show line numbers, authors,
  * and filenames?
@@ -1838,26 +2080,31 @@ static void find_alignment(struct scoreboard *sb, int *option)
 	int longest_dst_lines = 0;
 	unsigned largest_score = 0;
 	struct blame_entry *e;
+	int compute_auto_abbrev = (abbrev < 0);
+	int auto_abbrev = default_abbrev;
 
 	for (e = sb->ent; e; e = e->next) {
 		struct origin *suspect = e->suspect;
-		struct commit_info ci;
 		int num;
 
+		if (compute_auto_abbrev)
+			auto_abbrev = update_auto_abbrev(auto_abbrev, suspect);
 		if (strcmp(suspect->path, sb->path))
 			*option |= OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME;
 		num = strlen(suspect->path);
 		if (longest_file < num)
 			longest_file = num;
 		if (!(suspect->commit->object.flags & METAINFO_SHOWN)) {
+			struct commit_info ci;
 			suspect->commit->object.flags |= METAINFO_SHOWN;
 			get_commit_info(suspect->commit, &ci, 1);
 			if (*option & OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL)
-				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail);
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author_mail.buf);
 			else
-				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author);
+				num = utf8_strwidth(ci.author.buf);
 			if (longest_author < num)
 				longest_author = num;
+			commit_info_destroy(&ci);
 		}
 		num = e->s_lno + e->num_lines;
 		if (longest_src_lines < num)
@@ -1871,6 +2118,10 @@ static void find_alignment(struct scoreboard *sb, int *option)
 	max_orig_digits = decimal_width(longest_src_lines);
 	max_digits = decimal_width(longest_dst_lines);
 	max_score_digits = decimal_width(largest_score);
+
+	if (compute_auto_abbrev)
+		/* one more abbrev length is needed for the boundary commit */
+		abbrev = auto_abbrev + 1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1924,103 +2175,6 @@ static const char *add_prefix(const char *prefix, const char *path)
 	return prefix_path(prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0, path);
 }
 
-/*
- * Parsing of (comma separated) one item in the -L option
- */
-static const char *parse_loc(const char *spec,
-			     struct scoreboard *sb, long lno,
-			     long begin, long *ret)
-{
-	char *term;
-	const char *line;
-	long num;
-	int reg_error;
-	regex_t regexp;
-	regmatch_t match[1];
-
-	/* Allow "-L <something>,+20" to mean starting at <something>
-	 * for 20 lines, or "-L <something>,-5" for 5 lines ending at
-	 * <something>.
-	 */
-	if (1 < begin && (spec[0] == '+' || spec[0] == '-')) {
-		num = strtol(spec + 1, &term, 10);
-		if (term != spec + 1) {
-			if (spec[0] == '-')
-				num = 0 - num;
-			if (0 < num)
-				*ret = begin + num - 2;
-			else if (!num)
-				*ret = begin;
-			else
-				*ret = begin + num;
-			return term;
-		}
-		return spec;
-	}
-	num = strtol(spec, &term, 10);
-	if (term != spec) {
-		*ret = num;
-		return term;
-	}
-	if (spec[0] != '/')
-		return spec;
-
-	/* it could be a regexp of form /.../ */
-	for (term = (char *) spec + 1; *term && *term != '/'; term++) {
-		if (*term == '\\')
-			term++;
-	}
-	if (*term != '/')
-		return spec;
-
-	/* try [spec+1 .. term-1] as regexp */
-	*term = 0;
-	begin--; /* input is in human terms */
-	line = nth_line(sb, begin);
-
-	if (!(reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, spec + 1, REG_NEWLINE)) &&
-	    !(reg_error = regexec(&regexp, line, 1, match, 0))) {
-		const char *cp = line + match[0].rm_so;
-		const char *nline;
-
-		while (begin++ < lno) {
-			nline = nth_line(sb, begin);
-			if (line <= cp && cp < nline)
-				break;
-			line = nline;
-		}
-		*ret = begin;
-		regfree(&regexp);
-		*term++ = '/';
-		return term;
-	}
-	else {
-		char errbuf[1024];
-		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
-		die("-L parameter '%s': %s", spec + 1, errbuf);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Parsing of -L option
- */
-static void prepare_blame_range(struct scoreboard *sb,
-				const char *bottomtop,
-				long lno,
-				long *bottom, long *top)
-{
-	const char *term;
-
-	term = parse_loc(bottomtop, sb, lno, 1, bottom);
-	if (*term == ',') {
-		term = parse_loc(term + 1, sb, lno, *bottom + 1, top);
-		if (*term)
-			usage(blame_usage);
-	}
-	if (*term)
-		usage(blame_usage);
-}
-
 static int git_blame_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "blame.showroot")) {
@@ -2044,6 +2198,67 @@ static int git_blame_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
+static void verify_working_tree_path(struct commit *work_tree, const char *path)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+
+	for (parents = work_tree->parents; parents; parents = parents->next) {
+		const unsigned char *commit_sha1 = parents->item->object.sha1;
+		unsigned char blob_sha1[20];
+		unsigned mode;
+
+		if (!get_tree_entry(commit_sha1, path, blob_sha1, &mode) &&
+		    sha1_object_info(blob_sha1, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
+			return;
+	}
+	die("no such path '%s' in HEAD", path);
+}
+
+static struct commit_list **append_parent(struct commit_list **tail, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *parent;
+
+	parent = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!parent)
+		die("no such commit %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	return &commit_list_insert(parent, tail)->next;
+}
+
+static void append_merge_parents(struct commit_list **tail)
+{
+	int merge_head;
+	const char *merge_head_file = git_path("MERGE_HEAD");
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	merge_head = open(merge_head_file, O_RDONLY);
+	if (merge_head < 0) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return;
+		die("cannot open '%s' for reading", merge_head_file);
+	}
+
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline_fd(&line, merge_head, '\n')) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (line.len < 40 || get_sha1_hex(line.buf, sha1))
+			die("unknown line in '%s': %s", merge_head_file, line.buf);
+		tail = append_parent(tail, sha1);
+	}
+	close(merge_head);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+}
+
+/*
+ * This isn't as simple as passing sb->buf and sb->len, because we
+ * want to transfer ownership of the buffer to the commit (so we
+ * must use detach).
+ */
+static void set_commit_buffer_from_strbuf(struct commit *c, struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	void *buf = strbuf_detach(sb, &len);
+	set_commit_buffer(c, buf, len);
+}
+
 /*
  * Prepare a dummy commit that represents the work tree (or staged) item.
  * Note that annotating work tree item never works in the reverse.
@@ -2054,6 +2269,7 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct origin *origin;
+	struct commit_list **parent_tail, *parent;
 	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *ident;
@@ -2061,20 +2277,37 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 	int size, len;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 	unsigned mode;
-
-	if (get_sha1("HEAD", head_sha1))
-		die("No such ref: HEAD");
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	time(&now);
-	commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit));
-	commit->parents = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit->parents));
-	commit->parents->item = lookup_commit_reference(head_sha1);
+	commit = alloc_commit_node();
 	commit->object.parsed = 1;
 	commit->date = now;
-	commit->object.type = OBJ_COMMIT;
+	parent_tail = &commit->parents;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, head_sha1, NULL))
+		die("no such ref: HEAD");
+
+	parent_tail = append_parent(parent_tail, head_sha1);
+	append_merge_parents(parent_tail);
+	verify_working_tree_path(commit, path);
 
 	origin = make_origin(commit, path);
 
+	ident = fmt_ident("Not Committed Yet", "not.committed.yet", NULL, 0);
+	strbuf_addstr(&msg, "tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n");
+	for (parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next)
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, "parent %s\n",
+			    sha1_to_hex(parent->item->object.sha1));
+	strbuf_addf(&msg,
+		    "author %s\n"
+		    "committer %s\n\n"
+		    "Version of %s from %s\n",
+		    ident, ident, path,
+		    (!contents_from ? path :
+		     (!strcmp(contents_from, "-") ? "standard input" : contents_from)));
+	set_commit_buffer_from_strbuf(commit, &msg);
+
 	if (!contents_from || strcmp("-", contents_from)) {
 		struct stat st;
 		const char *read_from;
@@ -2096,7 +2329,7 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 		switch (st.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
 		case S_IFREG:
 			if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) &&
-			    textconv_object(read_from, mode, null_sha1, &buf_ptr, &buf_len))
+			    textconv_object(read_from, mode, null_sha1, 0, &buf_ptr, &buf_len))
 				strbuf_attach(&buf, buf_ptr, buf_len, buf_len + 1);
 			else if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, read_from, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
 				die_errno("cannot open or read '%s'", read_from);
@@ -2111,16 +2344,13 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 	}
 	else {
 		/* Reading from stdin */
-		contents_from = "standard input";
 		mode = 0;
 		if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
 			die_errno("failed to read from stdin");
 	}
-	convert_to_git(path, buf.buf, buf.len, &buf, 0);
 	origin->file.ptr = buf.buf;
 	origin->file.size = buf.len;
 	pretend_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, OBJ_BLOB, origin->blob_sha1);
-	commit->util = origin;
 
 	/*
 	 * Read the current index, replace the path entry with
@@ -2144,7 +2374,8 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, origin->blob_sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 	add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 
@@ -2153,22 +2384,12 @@ static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct diff_options *opt,
 	 * right now, but someday we might optimize diff-index --cached
 	 * with cache-tree information.
 	 */
-	cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree, path);
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(&the_index, path);
 
-	commit->buffer = xmalloc(400);
-	ident = fmt_ident("Not Committed Yet", "not.committed.yet", NULL, 0);
-	snprintf(commit->buffer, 400,
-		"tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n"
-		"parent %s\n"
-		"author %s\n"
-		"committer %s\n\n"
-		"Version of %s from %s\n",
-		sha1_to_hex(head_sha1),
-		ident, ident, path, contents_from ? contents_from : path);
 	return commit;
 }
 
-static const char *prepare_final(struct scoreboard *sb)
+static char *prepare_final(struct scoreboard *sb)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
@@ -2193,10 +2414,10 @@ static const char *prepare_final(struct scoreboard *sb)
 		sb->final = (struct commit *) obj;
 		final_commit_name = revs->pending.objects[i].name;
 	}
-	return final_commit_name;
+	return xstrdup_or_null(final_commit_name);
 }
 
-static const char *prepare_initial(struct scoreboard *sb)
+static char *prepare_initial(struct scoreboard *sb)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
@@ -2223,7 +2444,7 @@ static const char *prepare_initial(struct scoreboard *sb)
 	}
 	if (!final_commit_name)
 		die("No commit to dig down to?");
-	return final_commit_name;
+	return xstrdup(final_commit_name);
 }
 
 static int blame_copy_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -2259,65 +2480,59 @@ static int blame_move_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int blame_bottomtop_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
-{
-	const char **bottomtop = option->value;
-	if (!arg)
-		return -1;
-	if (*bottomtop)
-		die("More than one '-L n,m' option given");
-	*bottomtop = arg;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	const char *path;
 	struct scoreboard sb;
 	struct origin *o;
-	struct blame_entry *ent;
-	long dashdash_pos, bottom, top, lno;
-	const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
+	struct blame_entry *ent = NULL;
+	long dashdash_pos, lno;
+	char *final_commit_name = NULL;
 	enum object_type type;
 
-	static const char *bottomtop = NULL;
+	static struct string_list range_list;
 	static int output_option = 0, opt = 0;
 	static int show_stats = 0;
 	static const char *revs_file = NULL;
 	static const char *contents_from = NULL;
 	static const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "incremental", &incremental, "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, "Show work cost statistics"),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "score-debug", &output_option, "Show output score for blame entries", OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE),
-		OPT_BIT('f', "show-name", &output_option, "Show original filename (Default: auto)", OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME),
-		OPT_BIT('n', "show-number", &output_option, "Show original linenumber (Default: off)", OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER),
-		OPT_BIT('p', "porcelain", &output_option, "Show in a format designed for machine consumption", OUTPUT_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "line-porcelain", &output_option, "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information", OUTPUT_PORCELAIN|OUTPUT_LINE_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BIT('c', NULL, &output_option, "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)", OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT),
-		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &output_option, "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)", OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP),
-		OPT_BIT('l', NULL, &output_option, "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)", OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME),
-		OPT_BIT('s', NULL, &output_option, "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)", OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR),
-		OPT_BIT('e', "show-email", &output_option, "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)", OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL),
-		OPT_BIT('w', NULL, &xdl_opts, "Ignore whitespace differences", XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE),
-		OPT_STRING('S', NULL, &revs_file, "file", "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "contents", &contents_from, "file", "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', NULL, &opt, "score", "Find line copies within and across files", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_copy_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'M', NULL, &opt, "score", "Find line movements within and across files", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_move_callback },
-		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &bottomtop, "n,m", "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1", blame_bottomtop_callback),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "incremental", &incremental, N_("Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally")),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', NULL, &blank_boundary, N_("Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "root", &show_root, N_("Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "show-stats", &show_stats, N_("Show work cost statistics")),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "score-debug", &output_option, N_("Show output score for blame entries"), OUTPUT_SHOW_SCORE),
+		OPT_BIT('f', "show-name", &output_option, N_("Show original filename (Default: auto)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_NAME),
+		OPT_BIT('n', "show-number", &output_option, N_("Show original linenumber (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_NUMBER),
+		OPT_BIT('p', "porcelain", &output_option, N_("Show in a format designed for machine consumption"), OUTPUT_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "line-porcelain", &output_option, N_("Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"), OUTPUT_PORCELAIN|OUTPUT_LINE_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT('c', NULL, &output_option, N_("Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_ANNOTATE_COMPAT),
+		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &output_option, N_("Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_RAW_TIMESTAMP),
+		OPT_BIT('l', NULL, &output_option, N_("Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_LONG_OBJECT_NAME),
+		OPT_BIT('s', NULL, &output_option, N_("Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_NO_AUTHOR),
+		OPT_BIT('e', "show-email", &output_option, N_("Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"), OUTPUT_SHOW_EMAIL),
+		OPT_BIT('w', NULL, &xdl_opts, N_("Ignore whitespace differences"), XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "minimal", &xdl_opts, N_("Spend extra cycles to find better match"), XDF_NEED_MINIMAL),
+		OPT_STRING('S', NULL, &revs_file, N_("file"), N_("Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "contents", &contents_from, N_("file"), N_("Use <file>'s contents as the final image")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', NULL, &opt, N_("score"), N_("Find line copies within and across files"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_copy_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'M', NULL, &opt, N_("score"), N_("Find line movements within and across files"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, blame_move_callback },
+		OPT_STRING_LIST('L', NULL, &range_list, N_("n,m"), N_("Process only line range n,m, counting from 1")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
 	int cmd_is_annotate = !strcmp(argv[0], "annotate");
+	struct range_set ranges;
+	unsigned int range_i;
+	long anchor;
 
 	git_config(git_blame_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	revs.date_mode = blame_date_mode;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	dashdash_pos = 0;
@@ -2341,12 +2556,13 @@ int cmd_blame(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		parse_revision_opt(&revs, &ctx, options, blame_opt_usage);
 	}
 parse_done:
+	no_whole_file_rename = !DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs.diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
 
-	if (abbrev == -1)
-		abbrev = default_abbrev;
-	/* one more abbrev length is needed for the boundary commit */
-	abbrev++;
+	if (0 < abbrev)
+		/* one more abbrev length is needed for the boundary commit */
+		abbrev++;
 
 	if (revs_file && read_ancestry(revs_file))
 		die_errno("reading graft file '%s' failed", revs_file);
@@ -2363,6 +2579,9 @@ parse_done:
 	case DATE_RFC2822:
 		blame_date_width = sizeof("Thu, 19 Oct 2006 16:00:04 -0700");
 		break;
+	case DATE_ISO8601_STRICT:
+		blame_date_width = sizeof("2006-10-19T16:00:04-07:00");
+		break;
 	case DATE_ISO8601:
 		blame_date_width = sizeof("2006-10-19 16:00:04 -0700");
 		break;
@@ -2373,7 +2592,14 @@ parse_done:
 		blame_date_width = sizeof("2006-10-19");
 		break;
 	case DATE_RELATIVE:
-		/* "normal" is used as the fallback for "relative" */
+		/* TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+		   display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+		   output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+		   takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+		   relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+		   fewer display columns. */
+		blame_date_width = utf8_strwidth(_("4 years, 11 months ago")) + 1; /* add the null */
+		break;
 	case DATE_LOCAL:
 	case DATE_NORMAL:
 		blame_date_width = sizeof("Thu Oct 19 16:00:04 2006 -0700");
@@ -2445,12 +2671,16 @@ parse_done:
 	memset(&sb, 0, sizeof(sb));
 
 	sb.revs = &revs;
-	if (!reverse)
+	if (!reverse) {
 		final_commit_name = prepare_final(&sb);
+		sb.commits.compare = compare_commits_by_commit_date;
+	}
 	else if (contents_from)
 		die("--contents and --children do not blend well.");
-	else
+	else {
 		final_commit_name = prepare_initial(&sb);
+		sb.commits.compare = compare_commits_by_reverse_commit_date;
+	}
 
 	if (!sb.final) {
 		/*
@@ -2472,14 +2702,11 @@ parse_done:
 	 * uninteresting.
 	 */
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
-		die("revision walk setup failed");
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(sb.final->object.sha1)) {
-		char *buf;
 		o = sb.final->util;
-		buf = xmalloc(o->file.size + 1);
-		memcpy(buf, o->file.ptr, o->file.size + 1);
-		sb.final_buf = buf;
+		sb.final_buf = xmemdupz(o->file.ptr, o->file.size);
 		sb.final_buf_size = o->file.size;
 	}
 	else {
@@ -2488,7 +2715,7 @@ parse_done:
 			die("no such path %s in %s", path, final_commit_name);
 
 		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&sb.revs->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) &&
-		    textconv_object(path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, (char **) &sb.final_buf,
+		    textconv_object(path, o->mode, o->blob_sha1, 1, (char **) &sb.final_buf,
 				    &sb.final_buf_size))
 			;
 		else
@@ -2503,28 +2730,52 @@ parse_done:
 	num_read_blob++;
 	lno = prepare_lines(&sb);
 
-	bottom = top = 0;
-	if (bottomtop)
-		prepare_blame_range(&sb, bottomtop, lno, &bottom, &top);
-	if (bottom && top && top < bottom) {
-		long tmp;
-		tmp = top; top = bottom; bottom = tmp;
-	}
-	if (bottom < 1)
-		bottom = 1;
-	if (top < 1)
-		top = lno;
-	bottom--;
-	if (lno < top || lno < bottom)
-		die("file %s has only %lu lines", path, lno);
-
-	ent = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ent));
-	ent->lno = bottom;
-	ent->num_lines = top - bottom;
-	ent->suspect = o;
-	ent->s_lno = bottom;
-
-	sb.ent = ent;
+	if (lno && !range_list.nr)
+		string_list_append(&range_list, xstrdup("1"));
+
+	anchor = 1;
+	range_set_init(&ranges, range_list.nr);
+	for (range_i = 0; range_i < range_list.nr; ++range_i) {
+		long bottom, top;
+		if (parse_range_arg(range_list.items[range_i].string,
+				    nth_line_cb, &sb, lno, anchor,
+				    &bottom, &top, sb.path))
+			usage(blame_usage);
+		if (lno < top || ((lno || bottom) && lno < bottom))
+			die("file %s has only %lu lines", path, lno);
+		if (bottom < 1)
+			bottom = 1;
+		if (top < 1)
+			top = lno;
+		bottom--;
+		range_set_append_unsafe(&ranges, bottom, top);
+		anchor = top + 1;
+	}
+	sort_and_merge_range_set(&ranges);
+
+	for (range_i = ranges.nr; range_i > 0; --range_i) {
+		const struct range *r = &ranges.ranges[range_i - 1];
+		long bottom = r->start;
+		long top = r->end;
+		struct blame_entry *next = ent;
+		ent = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ent));
+		ent->lno = bottom;
+		ent->num_lines = top - bottom;
+		ent->suspect = o;
+		ent->s_lno = bottom;
+		ent->next = next;
+		origin_incref(o);
+	}
+
+	o->suspects = ent;
+	prio_queue_put(&sb.commits, o->commit);
+
+	origin_decref(o);
+
+	range_set_release(&ranges);
+	string_list_clear(&range_list, 0);
+
+	sb.ent = NULL;
 	sb.path = path;
 
 	read_mailmap(&mailmap, NULL);
@@ -2534,9 +2785,13 @@ parse_done:
 
 	assign_blame(&sb, opt);
 
+	free(final_commit_name);
+
 	if (incremental)
 		return 0;
 
+	sb.ent = blame_sort(sb.ent, compare_blame_final);
+
 	coalesce(&sb);
 
 	if (!(output_option & OUTPUT_PORCELAIN))
diff --git a/builtin/branch.c b/builtin/branch.c
index d8cccf725d..1d150378e9 100644
--- a/builtin/branch.c
+++ b/builtin/branch.c
@@ -15,12 +15,16 @@
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "wt-status.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_branch_usage[] = {
-	"git branch [options] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]",
-	"git branch [options] [-l] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]",
-	"git branch [options] [-r] (-d | -D) <branchname>...",
-	"git branch [options] (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>",
+	N_("git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"),
+	N_("git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"),
+	N_("git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."),
+	N_("git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -37,13 +41,15 @@ static char branch_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RED,		/* REMOTE */
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* LOCAL */
 	GIT_COLOR_GREEN,	/* CURRENT */
+	GIT_COLOR_BLUE,		/* UPSTREAM */
 };
 enum color_branch {
 	BRANCH_COLOR_RESET = 0,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN = 1,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE = 2,
 	BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL = 3,
-	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4
+	BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT = 4,
+	BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM = 5
 };
 
 static enum merge_filter {
@@ -53,35 +59,43 @@ static enum merge_filter {
 } merge_filter;
 static unsigned char merge_filter_ref[20];
 
-static int parse_branch_color_slot(const char *var, int ofs)
+static struct string_list output = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+static unsigned int colopts;
+
+static int parse_branch_color_slot(const char *slot)
 {
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "plain"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "plain"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_PLAIN;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "reset"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "reset"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_RESET;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "remote"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "remote"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_REMOTE;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "local"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "local"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_LOCAL;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "current"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "current"))
 		return BRANCH_COLOR_CURRENT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "upstream"))
+		return BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM;
 	return -1;
 }
 
 static int git_branch_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	const char *slot_name;
+
+	if (starts_with(var, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(var, value, "branch", &colopts);
 	if (!strcmp(var, "color.branch")) {
 		branch_use_color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.branch.")) {
-		int slot = parse_branch_color_slot(var, 13);
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "color.branch.", &slot_name)) {
+		int slot = parse_branch_color_slot(slot_name);
 		if (slot < 0)
 			return 0;
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		color_parse(value, var, branch_colors[slot]);
-		return 0;
+		return color_parse(value, branch_colors[slot]);
 	}
 	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -116,13 +130,14 @@ static int branch_merged(int kind, const char *name,
 		    branch->merge[0] &&
 		    branch->merge[0]->dst &&
 		    (reference_name = reference_name_to_free =
-		     resolve_refdup(branch->merge[0]->dst, sha1, 1, NULL)) != NULL)
+		     resolve_refdup(branch->merge[0]->dst, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+				    sha1, NULL)) != NULL)
 			reference_rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	}
 	if (!reference_rev)
 		reference_rev = head_rev;
 
-	merged = in_merge_bases(rev, &reference_rev, 1);
+	merged = in_merge_bases(rev, reference_rev);
 
 	/*
 	 * After the safety valve is fully redefined to "check with
@@ -132,7 +147,7 @@ static int branch_merged(int kind, const char *name,
 	 * a gentle reminder is in order.
 	 */
 	if ((head_rev != reference_rev) &&
-	    in_merge_bases(rev, &head_rev, 1) != merged) {
+	    in_merge_bases(rev, head_rev) != merged) {
 		if (merged)
 			warning(_("deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 				"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."),
@@ -146,26 +161,55 @@ static int branch_merged(int kind, const char *name,
 	return merged;
 }
 
-static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds)
+static int check_branch_commit(const char *branchname, const char *refname,
+			       unsigned char *sha1, struct commit *head_rev,
+			       int kinds, int force)
+{
+	struct commit *rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	if (!rev) {
+		error(_("Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"), refname);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!force && !branch_merged(kinds, branchname, rev, head_rev)) {
+		error(_("The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+		      "If you are sure you want to delete it, "
+		      "run 'git branch -D %s'."), branchname, branchname);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void delete_branch_config(const char *branchname)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s", branchname);
+	if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 0)
+		warning(_("Update of config-file failed"));
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds,
+			   int quiet)
 {
-	struct commit *rev, *head_rev = NULL;
+	struct commit *head_rev = NULL;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char *name = NULL;
-	const char *fmt, *remote;
+	const char *fmt;
 	int i;
 	int ret = 0;
+	int remote_branch = 0;
 	struct strbuf bname = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	switch (kinds) {
 	case REF_REMOTE_BRANCH:
 		fmt = "refs/remotes/%s";
-		/* TRANSLATORS: This is "remote " in "remote branch '%s' not found" */
-		remote = _("remote ");
+		/* For subsequent UI messages */
+		remote_branch = 1;
+
 		force = 1;
 		break;
 	case REF_LOCAL_BRANCH:
 		fmt = "refs/heads/%s";
-		remote = "";
 		break;
 	default:
 		die(_("cannot use -a with -d"));
@@ -177,6 +221,9 @@ static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds)
 			die(_("Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"));
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++, strbuf_release(&bname)) {
+		const char *target;
+		int flags = 0;
+
 		strbuf_branchname(&bname, argv[i]);
 		if (kinds == REF_LOCAL_BRANCH && !strcmp(head, bname.buf)) {
 			error(_("Cannot delete the branch '%s' "
@@ -187,43 +234,45 @@ static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds)
 
 		free(name);
 
-		name = xstrdup(mkpath(fmt, bname.buf));
-		if (read_ref(name, sha1)) {
-			error(_("%sbranch '%s' not found."),
-					remote, bname.buf);
+		name = mkpathdup(fmt, bname.buf);
+		target = resolve_ref_unsafe(name,
+					    RESOLVE_REF_READING
+					    | RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE
+					    | RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME,
+					    sha1, &flags);
+		if (!target) {
+			error(remote_branch
+			      ? _("remote branch '%s' not found.")
+			      : _("branch '%s' not found."), bname.buf);
 			ret = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		rev = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-		if (!rev) {
-			error(_("Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"), name);
+		if (!(flags & (REF_ISSYMREF|REF_ISBROKEN)) &&
+		    check_branch_commit(bname.buf, name, sha1, head_rev, kinds,
+					force)) {
 			ret = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!force && !branch_merged(kinds, bname.buf, rev, head_rev)) {
-			error(_("The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
-			      "If you are sure you want to delete it, "
-			      "run 'git branch -D %s'."), bname.buf, bname.buf);
+		if (delete_ref(name, sha1, REF_NODEREF)) {
+			error(remote_branch
+			      ? _("Error deleting remote branch '%s'")
+			      : _("Error deleting branch '%s'"),
+			      bname.buf);
 			ret = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-
-		if (delete_ref(name, sha1, 0)) {
-			error(_("Error deleting %sbranch '%s'"), remote,
-			      bname.buf);
-			ret = 1;
-		} else {
-			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-			printf(_("Deleted %sbranch %s (was %s).\n"), remote,
+		if (!quiet) {
+			printf(remote_branch
+			       ? _("Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n")
+			       : _("Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"),
 			       bname.buf,
-			       find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-			strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s", bname.buf);
-			if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 0)
-				warning(_("Update of config-file failed"));
-			strbuf_release(&buf);
+			       (flags & REF_ISBROKEN) ? "broken"
+			       : (flags & REF_ISSYMREF) ? target
+			       : find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 		}
+		delete_branch_config(bname.buf);
 	}
 
 	free(name);
@@ -234,8 +283,9 @@ static int delete_branches(int argc, const char **argv, int force, int kinds)
 struct ref_item {
 	char *name;
 	char *dest;
-	unsigned int kind, len;
+	unsigned int kind, width;
 	struct commit *commit;
+	int ignore;
 };
 
 struct ref_list {
@@ -250,13 +300,13 @@ static char *resolve_symref(const char *src, const char *prefix)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int flag;
-	const char *dst, *cp;
+	const char *dst;
 
-	dst = resolve_ref_unsafe(src, sha1, 0, &flag);
+	dst = resolve_ref_unsafe(src, 0, sha1, &flag);
 	if (!(dst && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)))
 		return NULL;
-	if (prefix && (cp = skip_prefix(dst, prefix)))
-		dst = cp;
+	if (prefix)
+		skip_prefix(dst, prefix, &dst);
 	return xstrdup(dst);
 }
 
@@ -271,7 +321,7 @@ static int match_patterns(const char **pattern, const char *refname)
 	if (!*pattern)
 		return 1; /* no pattern always matches */
 	while (*pattern) {
-		if (!fnmatch(*pattern, refname, 0))
+		if (!wildmatch(*pattern, refname, 0, NULL))
 			return 1;
 		pattern++;
 	}
@@ -290,20 +340,18 @@ static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags,
 	static struct {
 		int kind;
 		const char *prefix;
-		int pfxlen;
 	} ref_kind[] = {
-		{ REF_LOCAL_BRANCH, "refs/heads/", 11 },
-		{ REF_REMOTE_BRANCH, "refs/remotes/", 13 },
+		{ REF_LOCAL_BRANCH, "refs/heads/" },
+		{ REF_REMOTE_BRANCH, "refs/remotes/" },
 	};
 
 	/* Detect kind */
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ref_kind); i++) {
 		prefix = ref_kind[i].prefix;
-		if (strncmp(refname, prefix, ref_kind[i].pfxlen))
-			continue;
-		kind = ref_kind[i].kind;
-		refname += ref_kind[i].pfxlen;
-		break;
+		if (skip_prefix(refname, prefix, &refname)) {
+			kind = ref_kind[i].kind;
+			break;
+		}
 	}
 	if (ARRAY_SIZE(ref_kind) <= i)
 		return 0;
@@ -339,14 +387,15 @@ static int append_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags,
 	newitem->name = xstrdup(refname);
 	newitem->kind = kind;
 	newitem->commit = commit;
-	newitem->len = strlen(refname);
+	newitem->width = utf8_strwidth(refname);
 	newitem->dest = resolve_symref(orig_refname, prefix);
+	newitem->ignore = 0;
 	/* adjust for "remotes/" */
 	if (newitem->kind == REF_REMOTE_BRANCH &&
 	    ref_list->kinds != REF_REMOTE_BRANCH)
-		newitem->len += 8;
-	if (newitem->len > ref_list->maxwidth)
-		ref_list->maxwidth = newitem->len;
+		newitem->width += 8;
+	if (newitem->width > ref_list->maxwidth)
+		ref_list->maxwidth = newitem->width;
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -376,47 +425,78 @@ static void fill_tracking_info(struct strbuf *stat, const char *branch_name,
 		int show_upstream_ref)
 {
 	int ours, theirs;
+	char *ref = NULL;
 	struct branch *branch = branch_get(branch_name);
+	struct strbuf fancy = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
+	int added_decoration = 1;
 
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
-		if (branch && branch->merge && branch->merge[0]->dst &&
-		    show_upstream_ref)
-			strbuf_addf(stat, "[%s] ",
-			    shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0));
+	switch (stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* no base */
 		return;
+	case -1:
+		/* with "gone" base */
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* with base */
+		break;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_addch(stat, '[');
-	if (show_upstream_ref)
-		strbuf_addf(stat, "%s: ",
-			shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0));
-	if (!ours)
-		strbuf_addf(stat, _("behind %d] "), theirs);
-	else if (!theirs)
-		strbuf_addf(stat, _("ahead %d] "), ours);
-	else
-		strbuf_addf(stat, _("ahead %d, behind %d] "), ours, theirs);
-}
-
-static int matches_merge_filter(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	int is_merged;
+	if (show_upstream_ref) {
+		ref = shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0);
+		if (want_color(branch_use_color))
+			strbuf_addf(&fancy, "%s%s%s",
+					branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_UPSTREAM),
+					ref, branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&fancy, ref);
+	}
 
-	if (merge_filter == NO_FILTER)
-		return 1;
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: gone]"), fancy.buf);
+		else
+			added_decoration = 0;
+	} else if (!ours && !theirs) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s]"), fancy.buf);
+		else
+			added_decoration = 0;
+	} else if (!ours) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: behind %d]"), fancy.buf, theirs);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[behind %d]"), theirs);
 
-	is_merged = !!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING);
-	return (is_merged == (merge_filter == SHOW_MERGED));
+	} else if (!theirs) {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d]"), fancy.buf, ours);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[ahead %d]"), ours);
+	} else {
+		if (show_upstream_ref)
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"),
+				    fancy.buf, ours, theirs);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(stat, _("[ahead %d, behind %d]"),
+				    ours, theirs);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&fancy);
+	if (added_decoration)
+		strbuf_addch(stat, ' ');
+	free(ref);
 }
 
 static void add_verbose_info(struct strbuf *out, struct ref_item *item,
 			     int verbose, int abbrev)
 {
 	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT, stat = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *sub = " **** invalid ref ****";
+	const char *sub = _(" **** invalid ref ****");
 	struct commit *commit = item->commit;
 
-	if (commit && !parse_commit(commit)) {
+	if (!parse_commit(commit)) {
 		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &subject);
 		sub = subject.buf;
 	}
@@ -436,10 +516,9 @@ static void print_ref_item(struct ref_item *item, int maxwidth, int verbose,
 {
 	char c;
 	int color;
-	struct commit *commit = item->commit;
 	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT, name = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (!matches_merge_filter(commit))
+	if (item->ignore)
 		return;
 
 	switch (item->kind) {
@@ -461,11 +540,12 @@ static void print_ref_item(struct ref_item *item, int maxwidth, int verbose,
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&name, "%s%s", prefix, item->name);
-	if (verbose)
+	if (verbose) {
+		int utf8_compensation = strlen(name.buf) - utf8_strwidth(name.buf);
 		strbuf_addf(&out, "%c %s%-*s%s", c, branch_get_color(color),
-			    maxwidth, name.buf,
+			    maxwidth + utf8_compensation, name.buf,
 			    branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
-	else
+	} else
 		strbuf_addf(&out, "%c %s%s%s", c, branch_get_color(color),
 			    name.buf, branch_get_color(BRANCH_COLOR_RESET));
 
@@ -474,7 +554,12 @@ static void print_ref_item(struct ref_item *item, int maxwidth, int verbose,
 	else if (verbose)
 		/* " f7c0c00 [ahead 58, behind 197] vcs-svn: drop obj_pool.h" */
 		add_verbose_info(&out, item, verbose, abbrev);
-	printf("%s\n", out.buf);
+	if (column_active(colopts)) {
+		assert(!verbose && "--column and --verbose are incompatible");
+		string_list_append(&output, out.buf);
+	} else {
+		printf("%s\n", out.buf);
+	}
 	strbuf_release(&name);
 	strbuf_release(&out);
 }
@@ -483,14 +568,44 @@ static int calc_maxwidth(struct ref_list *refs)
 {
 	int i, w = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < refs->index; i++) {
-		if (!matches_merge_filter(refs->list[i].commit))
+		if (refs->list[i].ignore)
 			continue;
-		if (refs->list[i].len > w)
-			w = refs->list[i].len;
+		if (refs->list[i].width > w)
+			w = refs->list[i].width;
 	}
 	return w;
 }
 
+static char *get_head_description(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf desc = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	wt_status_get_state(&state, 1);
+	if (state.rebase_in_progress ||
+	    state.rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(no branch, rebasing %s)"),
+			    state.branch);
+	else if (state.bisect_in_progress)
+		strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(no branch, bisect started on %s)"),
+			    state.branch);
+	else if (state.detached_from) {
+		/* TRANSLATORS: make sure these match _("HEAD detached at ")
+		   and _("HEAD detached from ") in wt-status.c */
+		if (state.detached_at)
+			strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(HEAD detached at %s)"),
+				state.detached_from);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&desc, _("(HEAD detached from %s)"),
+				state.detached_from);
+	}
+	else
+		strbuf_addstr(&desc, _("(no branch)"));
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	free(state.detached_from);
+	return strbuf_detach(&desc, NULL);
+}
 
 static void show_detached(struct ref_list *ref_list)
 {
@@ -498,13 +613,14 @@ static void show_detached(struct ref_list *ref_list)
 
 	if (head_commit && is_descendant_of(head_commit, ref_list->with_commit)) {
 		struct ref_item item;
-		item.name = xstrdup(_("(no branch)"));
-		item.len = strlen(item.name);
+		item.name = get_head_description();
+		item.width = utf8_strwidth(item.name);
 		item.kind = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
 		item.dest = NULL;
 		item.commit = head_commit;
-		if (item.len > ref_list->maxwidth)
-			ref_list->maxwidth = item.len;
+		item.ignore = 0;
+		if (item.width > ref_list->maxwidth)
+			ref_list->maxwidth = item.width;
 		print_ref_item(&item, ref_list->maxwidth, ref_list->verbose, ref_list->abbrev, 1, "");
 		free(item.name);
 	}
@@ -531,14 +647,30 @@ static int print_ref_list(int kinds, int detached, int verbose, int abbrev, stru
 		struct commit *filter;
 		filter = lookup_commit_reference_gently(merge_filter_ref, 0);
 		if (!filter)
-			die("object '%s' does not point to a commit",
+			die(_("object '%s' does not point to a commit"),
 			    sha1_to_hex(merge_filter_ref));
 
 		filter->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 		add_pending_object(&ref_list.revs,
 				   (struct object *) filter, "");
 		ref_list.revs.limited = 1;
-		prepare_revision_walk(&ref_list.revs);
+
+		if (prepare_revision_walk(&ref_list.revs))
+			die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
+
+		for (i = 0; i < ref_list.index; i++) {
+			struct ref_item *item = &ref_list.list[i];
+			struct commit *commit = item->commit;
+			int is_merged = !!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING);
+			item->ignore = is_merged != (merge_filter == SHOW_MERGED);
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < ref_list.index; i++) {
+			struct ref_item *item = &ref_list.list[i];
+			clear_commit_marks(item->commit, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+		}
+		clear_commit_marks(filter, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
+
 		if (verbose)
 			ref_list.maxwidth = calc_maxwidth(&ref_list);
 	}
@@ -647,15 +779,15 @@ static int edit_branch_description(const char *branch_name)
 	read_branch_desc(&buf, branch_name);
 	if (!buf.len || buf.buf[buf.len-1] != '\n')
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
-	strbuf_addf(&buf,
-		    "# Please edit the description for the branch\n"
-		    "#   %s\n"
-		    "# Lines starting with '#' will be stripped.\n",
-		    branch_name);
+	strbuf_commented_addf(&buf,
+		    "Please edit the description for the branch\n"
+		    "  %s\n"
+		    "Lines starting with '%c' will be stripped.\n",
+		    branch_name, comment_line_char);
 	fp = fopen(git_path(edit_description), "w");
 	if ((fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, fp) < buf.len) || fclose(fp)) {
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
-		return error(_("could not write branch description template: %s\n"),
+		return error(_("could not write branch description template: %s"),
 			     strerror(errno));
 	}
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
@@ -666,7 +798,7 @@ static int edit_branch_description(const char *branch_name)
 	stripspace(&buf, 1);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&name, "branch.%s.description", branch_name);
-	status = git_config_set(name.buf, buf.buf);
+	status = git_config_set(name.buf, buf.len ? buf.buf : NULL);
 	strbuf_release(&name);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
@@ -675,62 +807,68 @@ static int edit_branch_description(const char *branch_name)
 
 int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int delete = 0, rename = 0, force_create = 0, list = 0;
+	int delete = 0, rename = 0, force = 0, list = 0;
 	int verbose = 0, abbrev = -1, detached = 0;
 	int reflog = 0, edit_description = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, unset_upstream = 0;
+	const char *new_upstream = NULL;
 	enum branch_track track;
 	int kinds = REF_LOCAL_BRANCH;
 	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_GROUP("Generic options"),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Generic options")),
 		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose,
-			"show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &track, "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))",
+			N_("show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress informational messages")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &track, N_("set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
-		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, "change upstream info",
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0, "set-upstream",  &track, N_("change upstream info"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE),
-		OPT__COLOR(&branch_use_color, "use colored output"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('r', "remotes",     &kinds, "act on remote-tracking branches",
+		OPT_STRING('u', "set-upstream-to", &new_upstream, "upstream", "change the upstream info"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "unset-upstream", &unset_upstream, "Unset the upstream info"),
+		OPT__COLOR(&branch_use_color, N_("use colored output")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('r', "remotes",     &kinds, N_("act on remote-tracking branches"),
 			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH),
 		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, "commit",
-			"print only branches that contain the commit",
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, N_("commit"),
+			N_("print only branches that contain the commit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
 			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
 		},
 		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "with", &with_commit, "commit",
-			"print only branches that contain the commit",
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "with", &with_commit, N_("commit"),
+			N_("print only branches that contain the commit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
 			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
 		},
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 
-		OPT_GROUP("Specific git-branch actions:"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('a', "all", &kinds, "list both remote-tracking and local branches",
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Specific git-branch actions:")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('a', "all", &kinds, N_("list both remote-tracking and local branches"),
 			REF_REMOTE_BRANCH | REF_LOCAL_BRANCH),
-		OPT_BIT('d', "delete", &delete, "delete fully merged branch", 1),
-		OPT_BIT('D', NULL, &delete, "delete branch (even if not merged)", 2),
-		OPT_BIT('m', "move", &rename, "move/rename a branch and its reflog", 1),
-		OPT_BIT('M', NULL, &rename, "move/rename a branch, even if target exists", 2),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "list", &list, "list branch names"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "create-reflog", &reflog, "create the branch's reflog"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "edit-description", &edit_description,
-			    "edit the description for the branch"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force_create, "force creation (when already exists)"),
+		OPT_BIT('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete fully merged branch"), 1),
+		OPT_BIT('D', NULL, &delete, N_("delete branch (even if not merged)"), 2),
+		OPT_BIT('m', "move", &rename, N_("move/rename a branch and its reflog"), 1),
+		OPT_BIT('M', NULL, &rename, N_("move/rename a branch, even if target exists"), 2),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "list", &list, N_("list branch names")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "create-reflog", &reflog, N_("create the branch's reflog")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "edit-description", &edit_description,
+			 N_("edit the description for the branch")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force creation, move/rename, deletion")),
 		{
 			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "no-merged", &merge_filter_ref,
-			"commit", "print only not merged branches",
+			N_("commit"), N_("print only not merged branches"),
 			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			opt_parse_merge_filter, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
 		},
 		{
 			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "merged", &merge_filter_ref,
-			"commit", "print only merged branches",
+			N_("commit"), N_("print only merged branches"),
 			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			opt_parse_merge_filter, (intptr_t) "HEAD",
 		},
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &colopts, N_("list branches in columns")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -741,74 +879,173 @@ int cmd_branch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	track = git_branch_track;
 
-	head = resolve_refdup("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, NULL);
+	head = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, head_sha1, NULL);
 	if (!head)
 		die(_("Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."));
-	if (!strcmp(head, "HEAD")) {
+	if (!strcmp(head, "HEAD"))
 		detached = 1;
-	} else {
-		if (prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/"))
-			die(_("HEAD not found below refs/heads!"));
-		head += 11;
-	}
+	else if (!skip_prefix(head, "refs/heads/", &head))
+		die(_("HEAD not found below refs/heads!"));
 	hashcpy(merge_filter_ref, head_sha1);
 
+
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, builtin_branch_usage,
 			     0);
 
-	if (!delete && !rename && !edit_description && argc == 0)
+	if (!delete && !rename && !edit_description && !new_upstream && !unset_upstream && argc == 0)
+		list = 1;
+
+	if (with_commit || merge_filter != NO_FILTER)
 		list = 1;
 
-	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!force_create + !!list > 1)
+	if (!!delete + !!rename + !!new_upstream +
+	    list + unset_upstream > 1)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
 
 	if (abbrev == -1)
 		abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
+	finalize_colopts(&colopts, -1);
+	if (verbose) {
+		if (explicitly_enable_column(colopts))
+			die(_("--column and --verbose are incompatible"));
+		colopts = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (force) {
+		delete *= 2;
+		rename *= 2;
+	}
 
-	if (delete)
-		return delete_branches(argc, argv, delete > 1, kinds);
-	else if (list)
-		return print_ref_list(kinds, detached, verbose, abbrev,
-				      with_commit, argv);
+	if (delete) {
+		if (!argc)
+			die(_("branch name required"));
+		return delete_branches(argc, argv, delete > 1, kinds, quiet);
+	} else if (list) {
+		int ret = print_ref_list(kinds, detached, verbose, abbrev,
+					 with_commit, argv);
+		print_columns(&output, colopts, NULL);
+		string_list_clear(&output, 0);
+		return ret;
+	}
 	else if (edit_description) {
 		const char *branch_name;
 		struct strbuf branch_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-		if (detached)
-			die("Cannot give description to detached HEAD");
-		if (!argc)
+		if (!argc) {
+			if (detached)
+				die(_("Cannot give description to detached HEAD"));
 			branch_name = head;
-		else if (argc == 1)
+		} else if (argc == 1)
 			branch_name = argv[0];
 		else
-			usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+			die(_("cannot edit description of more than one branch"));
 
 		strbuf_addf(&branch_ref, "refs/heads/%s", branch_name);
 		if (!ref_exists(branch_ref.buf)) {
 			strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
 
 			if (!argc)
-				return error("No commit on branch '%s' yet.",
+				return error(_("No commit on branch '%s' yet."),
 					     branch_name);
 			else
-				return error("No such branch '%s'.", branch_name);
+				return error(_("No branch named '%s'."),
+					     branch_name);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
 
 		if (edit_branch_description(branch_name))
 			return 1;
 	} else if (rename) {
-		if (argc == 1)
+		if (!argc)
+			die(_("branch name required"));
+		else if (argc == 1)
 			rename_branch(head, argv[0], rename > 1);
 		else if (argc == 2)
 			rename_branch(argv[0], argv[1], rename > 1);
 		else
-			usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
+			die(_("too many branches for a rename operation"));
+	} else if (new_upstream) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
+
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("too many branches to set new upstream"));
+
+		if (!branch) {
+			if (!argc || !strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+				die(_("could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when "
+				      "it does not point to any branch."),
+				    new_upstream);
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+		}
+
+		if (!ref_exists(branch->refname))
+			die(_("branch '%s' does not exist"), branch->name);
+
+		/*
+		 * create_branch takes care of setting up the tracking
+		 * info and making sure new_upstream is correct
+		 */
+		create_branch(head, branch->name, new_upstream, 0, 0, 0, quiet, BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE);
+	} else if (unset_upstream) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("too many branches to unset upstream"));
+
+		if (!branch) {
+			if (!argc || !strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+				die(_("could not unset upstream of HEAD when "
+				      "it does not point to any branch."));
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+		}
+
+		if (!branch_has_merge_config(branch))
+			die(_("Branch '%s' has no upstream information"), branch->name);
+
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.remote", branch->name);
+		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.merge", branch->name);
+		git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	} else if (argc > 0 && argc <= 2) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(argv[0]);
+		int branch_existed = 0, remote_tracking = 0;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD"))
+			die(_("it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"));
+
+		if (!branch)
+			die(_("no such branch '%s'"), argv[0]);
+
 		if (kinds != REF_LOCAL_BRANCH)
 			die(_("-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"));
+
+		if (track == BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE)
+			fprintf(stderr, _("The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to\n"));
+
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s", branch->name);
+		remote_tracking = ref_exists(buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+		branch_existed = ref_exists(branch->refname);
 		create_branch(head, argv[0], (argc == 2) ? argv[1] : head,
-			      force_create, reflog, 0, track);
+			      force, reflog, 0, quiet, track);
+
+		/*
+		 * We only show the instructions if the user gave us
+		 * one branch which doesn't exist locally, but is the
+		 * name of a remote-tracking branch.
+		 */
+		if (argc == 1 && track == BRANCH_TRACK_OVERRIDE &&
+		    !branch_existed && remote_tracking) {
+			fprintf(stderr, _("\nIf you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n\n"), head, branch->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("    git branch -d %s\n"), branch->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"), branch->name);
+		}
+
 	} else
 		usage_with_options(builtin_branch_usage, options);
 
diff --git a/builtin/cat-file.c b/builtin/cat-file.c
index 8ed501f220..df99df4db1 100644
--- a/builtin/cat-file.c
+++ b/builtin/cat-file.c
@@ -4,83 +4,10 @@
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
  */
 #include "cache.h"
-#include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "tree.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "diff.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
-
-#define BATCH 1
-#define BATCH_CHECK 2
-
-static void pprint_tag(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
-{
-	/* the parser in tag.c is useless here. */
-	const char *endp = buf + size;
-	const char *cp = buf;
-
-	while (cp < endp) {
-		char c = *cp++;
-		if (c != '\n')
-			continue;
-		if (7 <= endp - cp && !memcmp("tagger ", cp, 7)) {
-			const char *tagger = cp;
-
-			/* Found the tagger line.  Copy out the contents
-			 * of the buffer so far.
-			 */
-			write_or_die(1, buf, cp - buf);
-
-			/*
-			 * Do something intelligent, like pretty-printing
-			 * the date.
-			 */
-			while (cp < endp) {
-				if (*cp++ == '\n') {
-					/* tagger to cp is a line
-					 * that has ident and time.
-					 */
-					const char *sp = tagger;
-					char *ep;
-					unsigned long date;
-					long tz;
-					while (sp < cp && *sp != '>')
-						sp++;
-					if (sp == cp) {
-						/* give up */
-						write_or_die(1, tagger,
-							     cp - tagger);
-						break;
-					}
-					while (sp < cp &&
-					       !('0' <= *sp && *sp <= '9'))
-						sp++;
-					write_or_die(1, tagger, sp - tagger);
-					date = strtoul(sp, &ep, 10);
-					tz = strtol(ep, NULL, 10);
-					sp = show_date(date, tz, 0);
-					write_or_die(1, sp, strlen(sp));
-					xwrite(1, "\n", 1);
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			break;
-		}
-		if (cp < endp && *cp == '\n')
-			/* end of header */
-			break;
-	}
-	/* At this point, we have copied out the header up to the end of
-	 * the tagger line and cp points at one past \n.  It could be the
-	 * next header line after the tagger line, or it could be another
-	 * \n that marks the end of the headers.  We need to copy out the
-	 * remainder as is.
-	 */
-	if (cp < endp)
-		write_or_die(1, cp, endp - cp);
-}
+#include "streaming.h"
 
 static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 {
@@ -90,7 +17,7 @@ static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 	unsigned long size;
 	struct object_context obj_context;
 
-	if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, sha1, &obj_context))
+	if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, 0, sha1, &obj_context))
 		die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
 
 	buf = NULL;
@@ -114,6 +41,14 @@ static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 	case 'e':
 		return !has_sha1_file(sha1);
 
+	case 'c':
+		if (!obj_context.path[0])
+			die("git cat-file --textconv %s: <object> must be <sha1:path>",
+			    obj_name);
+
+		if (textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1, 1, &buf, &size))
+			break;
+
 	case 'p':
 		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
 		if (type < 0)
@@ -127,28 +62,37 @@ static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 			return cmd_ls_tree(2, ls_args, NULL);
 		}
 
+		if (type == OBJ_BLOB)
+			return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
 		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 		if (!buf)
 			die("Cannot read object %s", obj_name);
-		if (type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			pprint_tag(sha1, buf, size);
-			return 0;
-		}
 
 		/* otherwise just spit out the data */
 		break;
 
-	case 'c':
-		if (!obj_context.path[0])
-			die("git cat-file --textconv %s: <object> must be <sha1:path>",
-			    obj_name);
-
-		if (!textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1, &buf, &size))
-			die("git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on %s",
-			    obj_name);
-		break;
-
 	case 0:
+		if (type_from_string(exp_type) == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			unsigned char blob_sha1[20];
+			if (sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL) == OBJ_TAG) {
+				char *buffer = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+				const char *target;
+				if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "object ", &target) ||
+				    get_sha1_hex(target, blob_sha1))
+					die("%s not a valid tag", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+				free(buffer);
+			} else
+				hashcpy(blob_sha1, sha1);
+
+			if (sha1_object_info(blob_sha1, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
+				return stream_blob_to_fd(1, blob_sha1, NULL, 0);
+			/*
+			 * we attempted to dereference a tag to a blob
+			 * and failed; there may be new dereference
+			 * mechanisms this code is not aware of.
+			 * fall-back to the usual case.
+			 */
+		}
 		buf = read_object_with_reference(sha1, exp_type, &size, NULL);
 		break;
 
@@ -163,64 +107,224 @@ static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int batch_one_object(const char *obj_name, int print_contents)
-{
+struct expand_data {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	enum object_type type = 0;
+	enum object_type type;
 	unsigned long size;
-	void *contents = contents;
+	unsigned long disk_size;
+	const char *rest;
+	unsigned char delta_base_sha1[20];
+
+	/*
+	 * If mark_query is true, we do not expand anything, but rather
+	 * just mark the object_info with items we wish to query.
+	 */
+	int mark_query;
+
+	/*
+	 * Whether to split the input on whitespace before feeding it to
+	 * get_sha1; this is decided during the mark_query phase based on
+	 * whether we have a %(rest) token in our format.
+	 */
+	int split_on_whitespace;
+
+	/*
+	 * After a mark_query run, this object_info is set up to be
+	 * passed to sha1_object_info_extended. It will point to the data
+	 * elements above, so you can retrieve the response from there.
+	 */
+	struct object_info info;
+};
+
+static int is_atom(const char *atom, const char *s, int slen)
+{
+	int alen = strlen(atom);
+	return alen == slen && !memcmp(atom, s, alen);
+}
+
+static void expand_atom(struct strbuf *sb, const char *atom, int len,
+			void *vdata)
+{
+	struct expand_data *data = vdata;
+
+	if (is_atom("objectname", atom, len)) {
+		if (!data->mark_query)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(data->sha1));
+	} else if (is_atom("objecttype", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.typep = &data->type;
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, typename(data->type));
+	} else if (is_atom("objectsize", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.sizep = &data->size;
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%lu", data->size);
+	} else if (is_atom("objectsize:disk", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.disk_sizep = &data->disk_size;
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "%lu", data->disk_size);
+	} else if (is_atom("rest", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->split_on_whitespace = 1;
+		else if (data->rest)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, data->rest);
+	} else if (is_atom("deltabase", atom, len)) {
+		if (data->mark_query)
+			data->info.delta_base_sha1 = data->delta_base_sha1;
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(data->delta_base_sha1));
+	} else
+		die("unknown format element: %.*s", len, atom);
+}
+
+static size_t expand_format(struct strbuf *sb, const char *start, void *data)
+{
+	const char *end;
+
+	if (*start != '(')
+		return 0;
+	end = strchr(start + 1, ')');
+	if (!end)
+		die("format element '%s' does not end in ')'", start);
+
+	expand_atom(sb, start + 1, end - start - 1, data);
+
+	return end - start + 1;
+}
+
+static void print_object_or_die(int fd, struct expand_data *data)
+{
+	const unsigned char *sha1 = data->sha1;
+
+	assert(data->info.typep);
+
+	if (data->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+		if (stream_blob_to_fd(fd, sha1, NULL, 0) < 0)
+			die("unable to stream %s to stdout", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+	else {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+		void *contents;
+
+		contents = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!contents)
+			die("object %s disappeared", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (type != data->type)
+			die("object %s changed type!?", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (data->info.sizep && size != data->size)
+			die("object %s changed size!?", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		write_or_die(fd, contents, size);
+		free(contents);
+	}
+}
+
+struct batch_options {
+	int enabled;
+	int print_contents;
+	const char *format;
+};
+
+static int batch_one_object(const char *obj_name, struct batch_options *opt,
+			    struct expand_data *data)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (!obj_name)
 	   return 1;
 
-	if (get_sha1(obj_name, sha1)) {
+	if (get_sha1(obj_name, data->sha1)) {
 		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
 		fflush(stdout);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (print_contents == BATCH)
-		contents = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-	else
-		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &size);
-
-	if (type <= 0) {
+	if (sha1_object_info_extended(data->sha1, &data->info, LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT) < 0) {
 		printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
 		fflush(stdout);
-		if (print_contents == BATCH)
-			free(contents);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	printf("%s %s %lu\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(type), size);
-	fflush(stdout);
+	strbuf_expand(&buf, opt->format, expand_format, data);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	if (print_contents == BATCH) {
-		write_or_die(1, contents, size);
-		printf("\n");
-		fflush(stdout);
-		free(contents);
+	if (opt->print_contents) {
+		print_object_or_die(1, data);
+		write_or_die(1, "\n", 1);
 	}
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int batch_objects(int print_contents)
+static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct expand_data data;
+	int save_warning;
+	int retval = 0;
+
+	if (!opt->format)
+		opt->format = "%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(objectsize)";
+
+	/*
+	 * Expand once with our special mark_query flag, which will prime the
+	 * object_info to be handed to sha1_object_info_extended for each
+	 * object.
+	 */
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.mark_query = 1;
+	strbuf_expand(&buf, opt->format, expand_format, &data);
+	data.mark_query = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are printing out the object, then always fill in the type,
+	 * since we will want to decide whether or not to stream.
+	 */
+	if (opt->print_contents)
+		data.info.typep = &data.type;
+
+	/*
+	 * We are going to call get_sha1 on a potentially very large number of
+	 * objects. In most large cases, these will be actual object sha1s. The
+	 * cost to double-check that each one is not also a ref (just so we can
+	 * warn) ends up dwarfing the actual cost of the object lookups
+	 * themselves. We can work around it by just turning off the warning.
+	 */
+	save_warning = warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 0;
 
 	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
-		int error = batch_one_object(buf.buf, print_contents);
-		if (error)
-			return error;
+		if (data.split_on_whitespace) {
+			/*
+			 * Split at first whitespace, tying off the beginning
+			 * of the string and saving the remainder (or NULL) in
+			 * data.rest.
+			 */
+			char *p = strpbrk(buf.buf, " \t");
+			if (p) {
+				while (*p && strchr(" \t", *p))
+					*p++ = '\0';
+			}
+			data.rest = p;
+		}
+
+		retval = batch_one_object(buf.buf, opt, &data);
+		if (retval)
+			break;
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = save_warning;
+	return retval;
 }
 
 static const char * const cat_file_usage[] = {
-	"git cat-file (-t|-s|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>",
-	"git cat-file (--batch|--batch-check) < <list_of_objects>",
+	N_("git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"),
+	N_("git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -232,26 +336,45 @@ static int git_cat_file_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
+static int batch_option_callback(const struct option *opt,
+				 const char *arg,
+				 int unset)
+{
+	struct batch_options *bo = opt->value;
+
+	if (unset) {
+		memset(bo, 0, sizeof(*bo));
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	bo->enabled = 1;
+	bo->print_contents = !strcmp(opt->long_name, "batch");
+	bo->format = arg;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int opt = 0, batch = 0;
+	int opt = 0;
 	const char *exp_type = NULL, *obj_name = NULL;
+	struct batch_options batch = {0};
 
 	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_GROUP("<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('t', NULL, &opt, "show object type", 't'),
-		OPT_SET_INT('s', NULL, &opt, "show object size", 's'),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', NULL, &opt, N_("show object type"), 't'),
+		OPT_SET_INT('s', NULL, &opt, N_("show object size"), 's'),
 		OPT_SET_INT('e', NULL, &opt,
-			    "exit with zero when there's no error", 'e'),
-		OPT_SET_INT('p', NULL, &opt, "pretty-print object's content", 'p'),
+			    N_("exit with zero when there's no error"), 'e'),
+		OPT_SET_INT('p', NULL, &opt, N_("pretty-print object's content"), 'p'),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "textconv", &opt,
-			    "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content", 'c'),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch", &batch,
-			    "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input",
-			    BATCH),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "batch-check", &batch,
-			    "show info about objects fed from the standard input",
-			    BATCH_CHECK),
+			    N_("for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"), 'c'),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch", &batch, "format",
+			N_("show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch-check", &batch, "format",
+			N_("show info about objects fed from the standard input"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -268,19 +391,19 @@ int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		else
 			usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
-	if (!opt && !batch) {
+	if (!opt && !batch.enabled) {
 		if (argc == 2) {
 			exp_type = argv[0];
 			obj_name = argv[1];
 		} else
 			usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
-	if (batch && (opt || argc)) {
+	if (batch.enabled && (opt || argc)) {
 		usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 	}
 
-	if (batch)
-		return batch_objects(batch);
+	if (batch.enabled)
+		return batch_objects(&batch);
 
 	return cat_one_file(opt, exp_type, obj_name);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/check-attr.c b/builtin/check-attr.c
index 44c421eb0f..21d2bedcc9 100644
--- a/builtin/check-attr.c
+++ b/builtin/check-attr.c
@@ -8,19 +8,19 @@ static int all_attrs;
 static int cached_attrs;
 static int stdin_paths;
 static const char * const check_attr_usage[] = {
-"git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname...",
-"git check-attr --stdin [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>",
+N_("git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."),
+N_("git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <list-of-paths>"),
 NULL
 };
 
-static int null_term_line;
+static int nul_term_line;
 
 static const struct option check_attr_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_attrs, "report all attributes set on file"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0,  "cached", &cached_attrs, "use .gitattributes only from the index"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, "read file names from stdin"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', NULL, &null_term_line,
-		"input paths are terminated by a null character"),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all_attrs, N_("report all attributes set on file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0,  "cached", &cached_attrs, N_("use .gitattributes only from the index")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0 , "stdin", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+		 N_("terminate input and output records by a NUL character")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -38,8 +38,16 @@ static void output_attr(int cnt, struct git_attr_check *check,
 		else if (ATTR_UNSET(value))
 			value = "unspecified";
 
-		quote_c_style(file, NULL, stdout, 0);
-		printf(": %s: %s\n", git_attr_name(check[j].attr), value);
+		if (nul_term_line) {
+			printf("%s%c" /* path */
+			       "%s%c" /* attrname */
+			       "%s%c" /* attrvalue */,
+			       file, 0, git_attr_name(check[j].attr), 0, value, 0);
+		} else {
+			quote_c_style(file, NULL, stdout, 0);
+			printf(": %s: %s\n", git_attr_name(check[j].attr), value);
+		}
+
 	}
 }
 
@@ -65,7 +73,7 @@ static void check_attr_stdin_paths(const char *prefix, int cnt,
 	struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf, nbuf;
-	int line_termination = null_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
+	int line_termination = nul_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
 
 	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
 	strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
@@ -94,6 +102,9 @@ int cmd_check_attr(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct git_attr_check *check;
 	int cnt, i, doubledash, filei;
 
+	if (!is_bare_repository())
+		setup_work_tree();
+
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_attr_options,
diff --git a/builtin/check-ignore.c b/builtin/check-ignore.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc8d97c56c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/check-ignore.c
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+
+static int quiet, verbose, stdin_paths, show_non_matching, no_index;
+static const char * const check_ignore_usage[] = {
+"git check-ignore [<options>] <pathname>...",
+"git check-ignore [<options>] --stdin < <list-of-paths>",
+NULL
+};
+
+static int nul_term_line;
+
+static const struct option check_ignore_options[] = {
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+	OPT_GROUP(""),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &stdin_paths,
+		 N_("read file names from stdin")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &nul_term_line,
+		 N_("terminate input and output records by a NUL character")),
+	OPT_BOOL('n', "non-matching", &show_non_matching,
+		 N_("show non-matching input paths")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "no-index", &no_index,
+		 N_("ignore index when checking")),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void output_exclude(const char *path, struct exclude *exclude)
+{
+	char *bang  = (exclude && exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)  ? "!" : "";
+	char *slash = (exclude && exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) ? "/" : "";
+	if (!nul_term_line) {
+		if (!verbose) {
+			write_name_quoted(path, stdout, '\n');
+		} else {
+			if (exclude) {
+				quote_c_style(exclude->el->src, NULL, stdout, 0);
+				printf(":%d:%s%s%s\t",
+				       exclude->srcpos,
+				       bang, exclude->pattern, slash);
+			}
+			else {
+				printf("::\t");
+			}
+			quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
+			fputc('\n', stdout);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!verbose) {
+			printf("%s%c", path, '\0');
+		} else {
+			if (exclude)
+				printf("%s%c%d%c%s%s%s%c%s%c",
+				       exclude->el->src, '\0',
+				       exclude->srcpos, '\0',
+				       bang, exclude->pattern, slash, '\0',
+				       path, '\0');
+			else
+				printf("%c%c%c%s%c", '\0', '\0', '\0', path, '\0');
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int check_ignore(struct dir_struct *dir,
+			const char *prefix, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	const char *full_path;
+	char *seen;
+	int num_ignored = 0, dtype = DT_UNKNOWN, i;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+
+	if (!argc) {
+		if (!quiet)
+			fprintf(stderr, "no pathspec given.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * check-ignore just needs paths. Magic beyond :/ is really
+	 * irrelevant.
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_FROMTOP,
+		       PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE |
+		       PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER,
+		       prefix, argv);
+
+	/*
+	 * look for pathspecs matching entries in the index, since these
+	 * should not be ignored, in order to be consistent with
+	 * 'git status', 'git add' etc.
+	 */
+	seen = find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(&pathspec);
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+		full_path = pathspec.items[i].match;
+		exclude = NULL;
+		if (!seen[i]) {
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching(dir, full_path, &dtype);
+		}
+		if (!quiet && (exclude || show_non_matching))
+			output_exclude(pathspec.items[i].original, exclude);
+		if (exclude)
+			num_ignored++;
+	}
+	free(seen);
+
+	return num_ignored;
+}
+
+static int check_ignore_stdin_paths(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf, nbuf;
+	char *pathspec[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+	int line_termination = nul_term_line ? 0 : '\n';
+	int num_ignored = 0;
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&nbuf, 0);
+	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, line_termination) != EOF) {
+		if (line_termination && buf.buf[0] == '"') {
+			strbuf_reset(&nbuf);
+			if (unquote_c_style(&nbuf, buf.buf, NULL))
+				die("line is badly quoted");
+			strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
+		}
+		pathspec[0] = buf.buf;
+		num_ignored += check_ignore(dir, prefix,
+					    1, (const char **)pathspec);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "check-ignore to stdout");
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
+	return num_ignored;
+}
+
+int cmd_check_ignore(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int num_ignored;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_ignore_options,
+			     check_ignore_usage, 0);
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		if (argc > 0)
+			die(_("cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"));
+	} else {
+		if (nul_term_line)
+			die(_("-z only makes sense with --stdin"));
+		if (argc == 0)
+			die(_("no path specified"));
+	}
+	if (quiet) {
+		if (argc > 1)
+			die(_("--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"));
+		if (verbose)
+			die(_("cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"));
+	}
+	if (show_non_matching && !verbose)
+		die(_("--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"));
+
+	/* read_cache() is only necessary so we can watch out for submodules. */
+	if (!no_index && read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
+
+	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+
+	if (stdin_paths) {
+		num_ignored = check_ignore_stdin_paths(&dir, prefix);
+	} else {
+		num_ignored = check_ignore(&dir, prefix, argc, argv);
+		maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "ignore to stdout");
+	}
+
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
+	return !num_ignored;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/check-mailmap.c b/builtin/check-mailmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eaaea546d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/check-mailmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static int use_stdin;
+static const char * const check_mailmap_usage[] = {
+N_("git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."),
+NULL
+};
+
+static const struct option check_mailmap_options[] = {
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &use_stdin, N_("also read contacts from stdin")),
+	OPT_END()
+};
+
+static void check_mailmap(struct string_list *mailmap, const char *contact)
+{
+	const char *name, *mail;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, contact, strlen(contact)))
+		die(_("unable to parse contact: %s"), contact);
+
+	name = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	mail = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+
+	map_user(mailmap, &mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen);
+
+	if (namelen)
+		printf("%.*s ", (int)namelen, name);
+	printf("<%.*s>\n", (int)maillen, mail);
+}
+
+int cmd_check_mailmap(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list mailmap = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, check_mailmap_options,
+			     check_mailmap_usage, 0);
+	if (argc == 0 && !use_stdin)
+		die(_("no contacts specified"));
+
+	read_mailmap(&mailmap, NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i)
+		check_mailmap(&mailmap, argv[i]);
+	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+
+	if (use_stdin) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		while (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+			check_mailmap(&mailmap, buf.buf);
+			maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+
+	clear_mailmap(&mailmap);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/check-ref-format.c b/builtin/check-ref-format.c
index 28a7320271..fd915d5984 100644
--- a/builtin/check-ref-format.c
+++ b/builtin/check-ref-format.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
 static const char builtin_check_ref_format_usage[] =
-"git check-ref-format [--normalize] [options] <refname>\n"
+"git check-ref-format [--normalize] [<options>] <refname>\n"
 "   or: git check-ref-format --branch <branchname-shorthand>";
 
 /*
diff --git a/builtin/checkout-index.c b/builtin/checkout-index.c
index c16d82b7de..9ca2da1583 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout-index.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout-index.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  *
  */
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
 static int line_termination = '\n';
 static int checkout_stage; /* default to checkout stage0 */
 static int to_tempfile;
-static char topath[4][PATH_MAX + 1];
+static char topath[4][TEMPORARY_FILENAME_LENGTH + 1];
 
 static struct checkout state;
 
-static void write_tempfile_record(const char *name, int prefix_length)
+static void write_tempfile_record(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ static void write_tempfile_record(const char *name, int prefix_length)
 		fputs(topath[checkout_stage], stdout);
 
 	putchar('\t');
-	write_name_quoted(name + prefix_length, stdout, line_termination);
+	write_name_quoted_relative(name, prefix, stdout, line_termination);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 		topath[i][0] = 0;
 	}
 }
 
-static int checkout_file(const char *name, int prefix_length)
+static int checkout_file(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int namelen = strlen(name);
 	int pos = cache_name_pos(name, namelen);
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ static int checkout_file(const char *name, int prefix_length)
 
 	if (did_checkout) {
 		if (to_tempfile)
-			write_tempfile_record(name, prefix_length);
+			write_tempfile_record(name, prefix);
 		return errs > 0 ? -1 : 0;
 	}
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ static void checkout_all(const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
 		if (last_ce && to_tempfile) {
 			if (ce_namelen(last_ce) != ce_namelen(ce)
 			    || memcmp(last_ce->name, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
-				write_tempfile_record(last_ce->name, prefix_length);
+				write_tempfile_record(last_ce->name, prefix);
 		}
 		if (checkout_entry(ce, &state,
 		    to_tempfile ? topath[ce_stage(ce)] : NULL) < 0)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static void checkout_all(const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
 		last_ce = ce;
 	}
 	if (last_ce && to_tempfile)
-		write_tempfile_record(last_ce->name, prefix_length);
+		write_tempfile_record(last_ce->name, prefix);
 	if (errs)
 		/* we have already done our error reporting.
 		 * exit with the same code as die().
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ static void checkout_all(const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
 }
 
 static const char * const builtin_checkout_index_usage[] = {
-	"git checkout-index [options] [--] [<file>...]",
+	N_("git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ static int option_parse_u(const struct option *opt,
 	int *newfd = opt->value;
 
 	state.refresh_cache = 1;
+	state.istate = &the_index;
 	if (*newfd < 0)
 		*newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
 	return 0;
@@ -183,28 +184,28 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int prefix_length;
 	int force = 0, quiet = 0, not_new = 0;
 	struct option builtin_checkout_index_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all,
-			"checks out all files in the index"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "forces overwrite of existing files"),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all,
+			N_("check out all files in the index")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of existing files")),
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
-			"no warning for existing files and files not in index"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-create", &not_new,
-			"don't checkout new files"),
+			N_("no warning for existing files and files not in index")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-create", &not_new,
+			N_("don't checkout new files")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'u', "index", &newfd, NULL,
-			"update stat information in the index file",
+			N_("update stat information in the index file"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_u },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-			"paths are separated with NUL character",
+			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
-			"read list of paths from the standard input"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "temp", &to_tempfile,
-			"write the content to temporary files"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "prefix", NULL, "string",
-			"when creating files, prepend <string>",
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin,
+			N_("read list of paths from the standard input")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "temp", &to_tempfile,
+			N_("write the content to temporary files")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "prefix", NULL, N_("string"),
+			N_("when creating files, prepend <string>"),
 			option_parse_prefix),
 		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "stage", NULL, NULL,
-			"copy out the files from named stage",
+			N_("copy out the files from named stage"),
 			option_parse_stage),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (read_from_stdin)
 			die("git checkout-index: don't mix '--stdin' and explicit filenames");
 		p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
-		checkout_file(p, prefix_length);
+		checkout_file(p, prefix);
 		if (p < arg || p > arg + strlen(arg))
 			free((char *)p);
 	}
@@ -267,7 +268,7 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
 			}
 			p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, buf.buf);
-			checkout_file(p, prefix_length);
+			checkout_file(p, prefix);
 			if (p < buf.buf || p > buf.buf + buf.len)
 				free((char *)p);
 		}
@@ -279,8 +280,7 @@ int cmd_checkout_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		checkout_all(prefix, prefix_length);
 
 	if (0 <= newfd &&
-	    (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	     commit_locked_index(&lock_file)))
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die("Unable to write new index file");
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/checkout.c b/builtin/checkout.c
index 6b9061f26f..3e141fc149 100644
--- a/builtin/checkout.c
+++ b/builtin/checkout.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "commit.h"
@@ -22,22 +22,20 @@
 #include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const checkout_usage[] = {
-	"git checkout [options] <branch>",
-	"git checkout [options] [<branch>] -- <file>...",
+	N_("git checkout [<options>] <branch>"),
+	N_("git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."),
 	NULL,
 };
 
 struct checkout_opts {
+	int patch_mode;
 	int quiet;
 	int merge;
 	int force;
 	int force_detach;
 	int writeout_stage;
-	int writeout_error;
 	int overwrite_ignore;
-
-	/* not set by parse_options */
-	int branch_exists;
+	int ignore_skipworktree;
 
 	const char *new_branch;
 	const char *new_branch_force;
@@ -45,46 +43,67 @@ struct checkout_opts {
 	int new_branch_log;
 	enum branch_track track;
 	struct diff_options diff_options;
+
+	int branch_exists;
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	struct tree *source_tree;
 };
 
 static int post_checkout_hook(struct commit *old, struct commit *new,
 			      int changed)
 {
-	return run_hook(NULL, "post-checkout",
-			sha1_to_hex(old ? old->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
-			sha1_to_hex(new ? new->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
-			changed ? "1" : "0", NULL);
+	return run_hook_le(NULL, "post-checkout",
+			   sha1_to_hex(old ? old->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
+			   sha1_to_hex(new ? new->object.sha1 : null_sha1),
+			   changed ? "1" : "0", NULL);
 	/* "new" can be NULL when checking out from the index before
 	   a commit exists. */
 
 }
 
-static int update_some(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
+static int update_some(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
 		const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
 {
 	int len;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int pos;
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
 		return READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
 
-	len = baselen + strlen(pathname);
+	len = base->len + strlen(pathname);
 	ce = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
-	memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
-	memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len - baselen);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0) | CE_UPDATE;
+	memcpy(ce->name, base->buf, base->len);
+	memcpy(ce->name + base->len, pathname, len - base->len);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0) | CE_UPDATE;
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the entry is the same as the current index, we can leave the old
+	 * entry in place. Whether it is UPTODATE or not, checkout_entry will
+	 * do the right thing.
+	 */
+	pos = cache_name_pos(ce->name, ce->ce_namelen);
+	if (pos >= 0) {
+		struct cache_entry *old = active_cache[pos];
+		if (ce->ce_mode == old->ce_mode &&
+		    !hashcmp(ce->sha1, old->sha1)) {
+			old->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE;
+			free(ce);
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
 	add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
+static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	struct pathspec ps;
-	init_pathspec(&ps, pathspec);
-	read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &ps, update_some, NULL);
-	free_pathspec(&ps);
+	read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, pathspec, update_some, NULL);
 
 	/* update the index with the given tree's info
 	 * for all args, expanding wildcards, and exit
@@ -93,7 +112,7 @@ static int read_tree_some(struct tree *tree, const char **pathspec)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int skip_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int skip_same_name(const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	while (++pos < active_nr &&
 	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name))
@@ -101,7 +120,7 @@ static int skip_same_name(struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 	return pos;
 }
 
-static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stage(int stage, const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	while (pos < active_nr &&
 	       !strcmp(active_cache[pos]->name, ce->name)) {
@@ -115,7 +134,7 @@ static int check_stage(int stage, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 		return error(_("path '%s' does not have their version"), ce->name);
 }
 
-static int check_stages(unsigned stages, struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
+static int check_stages(unsigned stages, const struct cache_entry *ce, int pos)
 {
 	unsigned seen = 0;
 	const char *name = ce->name;
@@ -214,8 +233,8 @@ static int checkout_merged(int pos, struct checkout *state)
 	return status;
 }
 
-static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
-			  const char *prefix, struct checkout_opts *opts)
+static int checkout_paths(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			  const char *revision)
 {
 	int pos;
 	struct checkout state;
@@ -224,46 +243,101 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
 	int flag;
 	struct commit *head;
 	int errs = 0;
-	int stage = opts->writeout_stage;
-	int merge = opts->merge;
-	int newfd;
-	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	struct lock_file *lock_file;
+
+	if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "--track");
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
-	if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
+	if (opts->new_branch_log)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "-l");
+
+	if (opts->force && opts->patch_mode)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "-f");
+
+	if (opts->force_detach)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"), "--detach");
+
+	if (opts->merge && opts->patch_mode)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with %s"), "--merge", "--patch");
+
+	if (opts->force && opts->merge)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with %s"), "-f", "-m");
+
+	if (opts->new_branch)
+		die(_("Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."),
+		    opts->new_branch);
+
+	if (opts->patch_mode)
+		return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout",
+					   &opts->pathspec);
+
+	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+	if (read_cache_preload(&opts->pathspec) < 0)
 		return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
-	if (source_tree)
-		read_tree_some(source_tree, pathspec);
+	if (opts->source_tree)
+		read_tree_some(opts->source_tree, &opts->pathspec);
 
-	for (pos = 0; pathspec[pos]; pos++)
-		;
-	ps_matched = xcalloc(1, pos);
+	ps_matched = xcalloc(1, opts->pathspec.nr);
 
+	/*
+	 * Make sure all pathspecs participated in locating the paths
+	 * to be checked out.
+	 */
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_MATCHED;
+		if (!opts->ignore_skipworktree && ce_skip_worktree(ce))
+			continue;
+		if (opts->source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
+			/*
+			 * "git checkout tree-ish -- path", but this entry
+			 * is in the original index; it will not be checked
+			 * out to the working tree and it does not matter
+			 * if pathspec matched this entry.  We will not do
+			 * anything to this entry at all.
+			 */
 			continue;
-		match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, ps_matched);
+		/*
+		 * Either this entry came from the tree-ish we are
+		 * checking the paths out of, or we are checking out
+		 * of the index.
+		 *
+		 * If it comes from the tree-ish, we already know it
+		 * matches the pathspec and could just stamp
+		 * CE_MATCHED to it from update_some(). But we still
+		 * need ps_matched and read_tree_recursive (and
+		 * eventually tree_entry_interesting) cannot fill
+		 * ps_matched yet. Once it can, we can avoid calling
+		 * match_pathspec() for _all_ entries when
+		 * opts->source_tree != NULL.
+		 */
+		if (ce_path_match(ce, &opts->pathspec, ps_matched))
+			ce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
 	}
 
-	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix))
+	if (report_path_error(ps_matched, &opts->pathspec, opts->prefix)) {
+		free(ps_matched);
 		return 1;
+	}
+	free(ps_matched);
 
 	/* "checkout -m path" to recreate conflicted state */
 	if (opts->merge)
-		unmerge_cache(pathspec);
+		unmerge_marked_index(&the_index);
 
 	/* Any unmerged paths? */
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
 			if (!ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
 			if (opts->force) {
 				warning(_("path '%s' is unmerged"), ce->name);
-			} else if (stage) {
-				errs |= check_stage(stage, ce, pos);
+			} else if (opts->writeout_stage) {
+				errs |= check_stage(opts->writeout_stage, ce, pos);
 			} else if (opts->merge) {
 				errs |= check_stages((1<<2) | (1<<3), ce, pos);
 			} else {
@@ -280,43 +354,41 @@ static int checkout_paths(struct tree *source_tree, const char **pathspec,
 	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
 	state.force = 1;
 	state.refresh_cache = 1;
+	state.istate = &the_index;
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-		if (source_tree && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE))
-			continue;
-		if (match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL)) {
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED) {
 			if (!ce_stage(ce)) {
 				errs |= checkout_entry(ce, &state, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (stage)
-				errs |= checkout_stage(stage, ce, pos, &state);
-			else if (merge)
+			if (opts->writeout_stage)
+				errs |= checkout_stage(opts->writeout_stage, ce, pos, &state);
+			else if (opts->merge)
 				errs |= checkout_merged(pos, &state);
 			pos = skip_same_name(ce, pos) - 1;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
 
-	read_ref_full("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
+	read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, rev, &flag);
 	head = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
 
 	errs |= post_checkout_hook(head, head, 0);
 	return errs;
 }
 
-static void show_local_changes(struct object *head, struct diff_options *opts)
+static void show_local_changes(struct object *head,
+			       const struct diff_options *opts)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	/* I think we want full paths, even if we're in a subdirectory. */
 	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
 	rev.diffopt.flags = opts->flags;
 	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
-		die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
+	diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
 	add_pending_object(&rev, head, NULL);
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 0);
 }
@@ -324,14 +396,15 @@ static void show_local_changes(struct object *head, struct diff_options *opts)
 static void describe_detached_head(const char *msg, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	parse_commit(commit);
-	pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &sb);
+	if (!parse_commit(commit))
+		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &sb);
 	fprintf(stderr, "%s %s... %s\n", msg,
 		find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV), sb.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, struct checkout_opts *o, int worktree)
+static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, const struct checkout_opts *o,
+		      int worktree, int *writeout_error)
 {
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	struct tree_desc tree_desc;
@@ -343,14 +416,14 @@ static int reset_tree(struct tree *tree, struct checkout_opts *o, int worktree)
 	opts.reset = 1;
 	opts.merge = 1;
 	opts.fn = oneway_merge;
-	opts.verbose_update = !o->quiet;
+	opts.verbose_update = !o->quiet && isatty(2);
 	opts.src_index = &the_index;
 	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
 	parse_tree(tree);
 	init_tree_desc(&tree_desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 	switch (unpack_trees(1, &tree_desc, &opts)) {
 	case -2:
-		o->writeout_error = 1;
+		*writeout_error = 1;
 		/*
 		 * We return 0 nevertheless, as the index is all right
 		 * and more importantly we have made best efforts to
@@ -381,19 +454,21 @@ static void setup_branch_path(struct branch_info *branch)
 	branch->path = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
-static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
-			      struct branch_info *old, struct branch_info *new)
+static int merge_working_tree(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			      struct branch_info *old,
+			      struct branch_info *new,
+			      int *writeout_error)
 {
 	int ret;
 	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-	int newfd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
 
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
 	if (read_cache_preload(NULL) < 0)
 		return error(_("corrupt index file"));
 
 	resolve_undo_clear();
 	if (opts->force) {
-		ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
+		ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1, writeout_error);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
 	} else {
@@ -420,7 +495,7 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 		topts.update = 1;
 		topts.merge = 1;
 		topts.gently = opts->merge && old->commit;
-		topts.verbose_update = !opts->quiet;
+		topts.verbose_update = !opts->quiet && isatty(2);
 		topts.fn = twoway_merge;
 		if (opts->overwrite_ignore) {
 			topts.dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*topts.dir));
@@ -479,7 +554,8 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			o.verbosity = 0;
 			work = write_tree_from_memory(&o);
 
-			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1);
+			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 1,
+					 writeout_error);
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 			o.ancestor = old->name;
@@ -487,14 +563,20 @@ static int merge_working_tree(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			o.branch2 = "local";
 			merge_trees(&o, new->commit->tree, work,
 				old->commit->tree, &result);
-			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 0);
+			ret = reset_tree(new->commit->tree, opts, 0,
+					 writeout_error);
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+	if (!active_cache_tree)
+		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
+
+	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree))
+		cache_tree_update(&the_index, WRITE_TREE_SILENT | WRITE_TREE_REPAIR);
+
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
 
 	if (!opts->force && !opts->quiet)
@@ -514,12 +596,12 @@ static void report_tracking(struct branch_info *new)
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
+static void update_refs_for_switch(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
 				   struct branch_info *old,
 				   struct branch_info *new)
 {
 	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *old_desc;
+	const char *old_desc, *reflog_msg;
 	if (opts->new_branch) {
 		if (opts->new_orphan_branch) {
 			if (opts->new_branch_log && !log_all_ref_updates) {
@@ -543,6 +625,7 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 				      opts->new_branch_force ? 1 : 0,
 				      opts->new_branch_log,
 				      opts->new_branch_force ? 1 : 0,
+				      opts->quiet,
 				      opts->track);
 		new->name = opts->new_branch;
 		setup_branch_path(new);
@@ -551,14 +634,19 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 	old_desc = old->name;
 	if (!old_desc && old->commit)
 		old_desc = sha1_to_hex(old->commit->object.sha1);
-	strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
-		    old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+
+	reflog_msg = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
+	if (!reflog_msg)
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, "checkout: moving from %s to %s",
+			old_desc ? old_desc : "(invalid)", new->name);
+	else
+		strbuf_insert(&msg, 0, reflog_msg, strlen(reflog_msg));
 
 	if (!strcmp(new->name, "HEAD") && !new->path && !opts->force_detach) {
 		/* Nothing to do. */
 	} else if (opts->force_detach || !new->path) {	/* No longer on any branch. */
 		update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", new->commit->object.sha1, NULL,
-			   REF_NODEREF, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			   REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 		if (!opts->quiet) {
 			if (old->path && advice_detached_head)
 				detach_advice(new->name);
@@ -585,12 +673,8 @@ static void update_refs_for_switch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
 			}
 		}
 		if (old->path && old->name) {
-			char log_file[PATH_MAX], ref_file[PATH_MAX];
-
-			git_snpath(log_file, sizeof(log_file), "logs/%s", old->path);
-			git_snpath(ref_file, sizeof(ref_file), "%s", old->path);
-			if (!file_exists(ref_file) && file_exists(log_file))
-				remove_path(log_file);
+			if (!ref_exists(old->path) && reflog_exists(old->path))
+				delete_reflog(old->path);
 		}
 	}
 	remove_branch_state();
@@ -604,18 +688,18 @@ static int add_pending_uninteresting_ref(const char *refname,
 					 const unsigned char *sha1,
 					 int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
-	add_pending_sha1(cb_data, refname, sha1, flags | UNINTERESTING);
+	add_pending_sha1(cb_data, refname, sha1, UNINTERESTING);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void describe_one_orphan(struct strbuf *sb, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	parse_commit(commit);
 	strbuf_addstr(sb, "  ");
 	strbuf_addstr(sb,
 		find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-	pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, sb);
+	if (!parse_commit(commit))
+		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, sb);
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
@@ -662,8 +746,8 @@ static void suggest_reattach(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *revs)
 			_(
 			"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, "
 			"this may be a good time\nto do so with:\n\n"
-			" git branch new_branch_name %s\n\n"),
-			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n\n"),
+			find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -671,10 +755,10 @@ static void suggest_reattach(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *revs)
  * HEAD.  If it is not reachable from any ref, this is the last chance
  * for the user to do so without resorting to reflog.
  */
-static void orphaned_commit_warning(struct commit *commit)
+static void orphaned_commit_warning(struct commit *old, struct commit *new)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
-	struct object *object = &commit->object;
+	struct object *object = &old->object;
 	struct object_array refs;
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
@@ -684,59 +768,61 @@ static void orphaned_commit_warning(struct commit *commit)
 	add_pending_object(&revs, object, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
 
 	for_each_ref(add_pending_uninteresting_ref, &revs);
+	add_pending_sha1(&revs, "HEAD", new->object.sha1, UNINTERESTING);
 
 	refs = revs.pending;
 	revs.leak_pending = 1;
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die(_("internal error in revision walk"));
-	if (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
-		suggest_reattach(commit, &revs);
+	if (!(old->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
+		suggest_reattach(old, &revs);
 	else
-		describe_detached_head(_("Previous HEAD position was"), commit);
+		describe_detached_head(_("Previous HEAD position was"), old);
 
 	clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(&refs, ALL_REV_FLAGS);
 	free(refs.objects);
 }
 
-static int switch_branches(struct checkout_opts *opts, struct branch_info *new)
+static int switch_branches(const struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			   struct branch_info *new)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 	struct branch_info old;
 	void *path_to_free;
 	unsigned char rev[20];
-	int flag;
+	int flag, writeout_error = 0;
 	memset(&old, 0, sizeof(old));
-	old.path = path_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag);
+	old.path = path_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, rev, &flag);
 	old.commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rev, 1);
 	if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
 		old.path = NULL;
 
-	if (old.path && !prefixcmp(old.path, "refs/heads/"))
-		old.name = old.path + strlen("refs/heads/");
+	if (old.path)
+		skip_prefix(old.path, "refs/heads/", &old.name);
 
 	if (!new->name) {
 		new->name = "HEAD";
 		new->commit = old.commit;
 		if (!new->commit)
 			die(_("You are on a branch yet to be born"));
-		parse_commit(new->commit);
+		parse_commit_or_die(new->commit);
 	}
 
-	ret = merge_working_tree(opts, &old, new);
+	ret = merge_working_tree(opts, &old, new, &writeout_error);
 	if (ret) {
 		free(path_to_free);
 		return ret;
 	}
 
 	if (!opts->quiet && !old.path && old.commit && new->commit != old.commit)
-		orphaned_commit_warning(old.commit);
+		orphaned_commit_warning(old.commit, new->commit);
 
 	update_refs_for_switch(opts, &old, new);
 
 	ret = post_checkout_hook(old.commit, new->commit, 1);
 	free(path_to_free);
-	return ret || opts->writeout_error;
+	return ret || writeout_error;
 }
 
 static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
@@ -747,51 +833,50 @@ static int git_checkout_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "submodule."))
 		return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
 
 	return git_xmerge_config(var, value, NULL);
 }
 
-static int interactive_checkout(const char *revision, const char **pathspec,
-				struct checkout_opts *opts)
-{
-	return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=checkout", pathspec);
-}
-
 struct tracking_name_data {
-	const char *name;
-	char *remote;
+	/* const */ char *src_ref;
+	char *dst_ref;
+	unsigned char *dst_sha1;
 	int unique;
 };
 
-static int check_tracking_name(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			       int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int check_tracking_name(struct remote *remote, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct tracking_name_data *cb = cb_data;
-	const char *slash;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+	struct refspec query;
+	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+	query.src = cb->src_ref;
+	if (remote_find_tracking(remote, &query) ||
+	    get_sha1(query.dst, cb->dst_sha1)) {
+		free(query.dst);
 		return 0;
-	slash = strchr(refname + 13, '/');
-	if (!slash || strcmp(slash + 1, cb->name))
-		return 0;
-	if (cb->remote) {
+	}
+	if (cb->dst_ref) {
+		free(query.dst);
 		cb->unique = 0;
 		return 0;
 	}
-	cb->remote = xstrdup(refname);
+	cb->dst_ref = query.dst;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name)
+static const char *unique_tracking_name(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, 1 };
-	cb_data.name = name;
-	for_each_ref(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
+	struct tracking_name_data cb_data = { NULL, NULL, NULL, 1 };
+	char src_ref[PATH_MAX];
+	snprintf(src_ref, PATH_MAX, "refs/heads/%s", name);
+	cb_data.src_ref = src_ref;
+	cb_data.dst_sha1 = sha1;
+	for_each_remote(check_tracking_name, &cb_data);
 	if (cb_data.unique)
-		return cb_data.remote;
-	free(cb_data.remote);
+		return cb_data.dst_ref;
+	free(cb_data.dst_ref);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -805,7 +890,9 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 	int argcount = 0;
 	unsigned char branch_rev[20];
 	const char *arg;
-	int has_dash_dash;
+	int dash_dash_pos;
+	int has_dash_dash = 0;
+	int i;
 
 	/*
 	 * case 1: git checkout <ref> -- [<paths>]
@@ -817,20 +904,30 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 	 *
 	 *   everything after the '--' must be paths.
 	 *
-	 * case 3: git checkout <something> [<paths>]
+	 * case 3: git checkout <something> [--]
+	 *
+	 *   (a) If <something> is a commit, that is to
+	 *       switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
+	 *       if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
+	 *       omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
+	 *       between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
+	 *
+	 *   (b) If <something> is _not_ a commit, either "--" is present
+	 *       or <something> is not a path, no -t or -b was given, and
+	 *       and there is a tracking branch whose name is <something>
+	 *       in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand to
+	 *       fork local <something> from that remote-tracking branch.
+	 *
+	 *   (c) Otherwise, if "--" is present, treat it like case (1).
 	 *
-	 *   With no paths, if <something> is a commit, that is to
-	 *   switch to the branch or detach HEAD at it.  As a special case,
-	 *   if <something> is A...B (missing A or B means HEAD but you can
-	 *   omit at most one side), and if there is a unique merge base
-	 *   between A and B, A...B names that merge base.
+	 *   (d) Otherwise :
+	 *       - if it's a reference, treat it like case (1)
+	 *       - else if it's a path, treat it like case (2)
+	 *       - else: fail.
 	 *
-	 *   With no paths, if <something> is _not_ a commit, no -t nor -b
-	 *   was given, and there is a tracking branch whose name is
-	 *   <something> in one and only one remote, then this is a short-hand
-	 *   to fork local <something> from that remote-tracking branch.
+	 * case 4: git checkout <something> <paths>
 	 *
-	 *   Otherwise <something> shall not be ambiguous.
+	 *   The first argument must not be ambiguous.
 	 *   - If it's *only* a reference, treat it like case (1).
 	 *   - If it's only a path, treat it like case (2).
 	 *   - else: fail.
@@ -839,28 +936,59 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 	if (!argc)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--"))	/* case (2) */
-		return 1;
-
 	arg = argv[0];
-	has_dash_dash = (argc > 1) && !strcmp(argv[1], "--");
+	dash_dash_pos = -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+			dash_dash_pos = i;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (dash_dash_pos == 0)
+		return 1; /* case (2) */
+	else if (dash_dash_pos == 1)
+		has_dash_dash = 1; /* case (3) or (1) */
+	else if (dash_dash_pos >= 2)
+		die(_("only one reference expected, %d given."), dash_dash_pos);
 
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
 		arg = "@{-1}";
 
 	if (get_sha1_mb(arg, rev)) {
-		if (has_dash_dash)          /* case (1) */
-			die(_("invalid reference: %s"), arg);
-		if (dwim_new_local_branch_ok &&
-		    !check_filename(NULL, arg) &&
-		    argc == 1) {
-			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg);
-			if (!remote || get_sha1(remote, rev))
-				return argcount;
-			*new_branch = arg;
-			arg = remote;
-			/* DWIMmed to create local branch */
-		} else {
+		/*
+		 * Either case (3) or (4), with <something> not being
+		 * a commit, or an attempt to use case (1) with an
+		 * invalid ref.
+		 *
+		 * It's likely an error, but we need to find out if
+		 * we should auto-create the branch, case (3).(b).
+		 */
+		int recover_with_dwim = dwim_new_local_branch_ok;
+
+		if (check_filename(NULL, arg) && !has_dash_dash)
+			recover_with_dwim = 0;
+		/*
+		 * Accept "git checkout foo" and "git checkout foo --"
+		 * as candidates for dwim.
+		 */
+		if (!(argc == 1 && !has_dash_dash) &&
+		    !(argc == 2 && has_dash_dash))
+			recover_with_dwim = 0;
+
+		if (recover_with_dwim) {
+			const char *remote = unique_tracking_name(arg, rev);
+			if (remote) {
+				*new_branch = arg;
+				arg = remote;
+				/* DWIMmed to create local branch, case (3).(b) */
+			} else {
+				recover_with_dwim = 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!recover_with_dwim) {
+			if (has_dash_dash)
+				die(_("invalid reference: %s"), arg);
 			return argcount;
 		}
 	}
@@ -884,13 +1012,13 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 		/* not a commit */
 		*source_tree = parse_tree_indirect(rev);
 	} else {
-		parse_commit(new->commit);
+		parse_commit_or_die(new->commit);
 		*source_tree = new->commit->tree;
 	}
 
 	if (!*source_tree)                   /* case (1): want a tree */
 		die(_("reference is not a tree: %s"), arg);
-	if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3 -> 1) */
+	if (!has_dash_dash) {/* case (3).(d) -> (1) */
 		/*
 		 * Do not complain the most common case
 		 *	git checkout branch
@@ -908,56 +1036,105 @@ static int parse_branchname_arg(int argc, const char **argv,
 	return argcount;
 }
 
-static int switch_unborn_to_new_branch(struct checkout_opts *opts)
+static int switch_unborn_to_new_branch(const struct checkout_opts *opts)
 {
 	int status;
 	struct strbuf branch_ref = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	if (!opts->new_branch)
+		die(_("You are on a branch yet to be born"));
 	strbuf_addf(&branch_ref, "refs/heads/%s", opts->new_branch);
 	status = create_symref("HEAD", branch_ref.buf, "checkout -b");
 	strbuf_release(&branch_ref);
+	if (!opts->quiet)
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"),
+			opts->new_branch);
 	return status;
 }
 
+static int checkout_branch(struct checkout_opts *opts,
+			   struct branch_info *new)
+{
+	if (opts->pathspec.nr)
+		die(_("paths cannot be used with switching branches"));
+
+	if (opts->patch_mode)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"),
+		    "--patch");
+
+	if (opts->writeout_stage)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"),
+		    "--ours/--theirs");
+
+	if (opts->force && opts->merge)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "-f", "-m");
+
+	if (opts->force_detach && opts->new_branch)
+		die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"),
+		    "--detach", "-b/-B/--orphan");
+
+	if (opts->new_orphan_branch) {
+		if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+			die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "--orphan", "-t");
+	} else if (opts->force_detach) {
+		if (opts->track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+			die(_("'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"), "--detach", "-t");
+	} else if (opts->track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
+		opts->track = git_branch_track;
+
+	if (new->name && !new->commit)
+		die(_("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"),
+		    new->name);
+
+	if (!new->commit && opts->new_branch) {
+		unsigned char rev[20];
+		int flag;
+
+		if (!read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, rev, &flag) &&
+		    (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && is_null_sha1(rev))
+			return switch_unborn_to_new_branch(opts);
+	}
+	return switch_branches(opts, new);
+}
+
 int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct checkout_opts opts;
-	unsigned char rev[20];
 	struct branch_info new;
-	struct tree *source_tree = NULL;
 	char *conflict_style = NULL;
-	int patch_mode = 0;
 	int dwim_new_local_branch = 1;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, "suppress progress reporting"),
-		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, "branch",
-			   "create and checkout a new branch"),
-		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, "branch",
-			   "create/reset and checkout a branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, "create reflog for new branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, "detach the HEAD at named commit"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, "set upstream info for new branch",
+		OPT__QUIET(&opts.quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+		OPT_STRING('b', NULL, &opts.new_branch, N_("branch"),
+			   N_("create and checkout a new branch")),
+		OPT_STRING('B', NULL, &opts.new_branch_force, N_("branch"),
+			   N_("create/reset and checkout a branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', NULL, &opts.new_branch_log, N_("create reflog for new branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "detach", &opts.force_detach, N_("detach the HEAD at named commit")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('t', "track",  &opts.track, N_("set upstream info for new branch"),
 			BRANCH_TRACK_EXPLICIT),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, "new branch", "new unparented branch"),
-		OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout our version for unmerged files",
+		OPT_STRING(0, "orphan", &opts.new_orphan_branch, N_("new-branch"), N_("new unparented branch")),
+		OPT_SET_INT('2', "ours", &opts.writeout_stage, N_("checkout our version for unmerged files"),
 			    2),
-		OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, "checkout their version for unmerged files",
+		OPT_SET_INT('3', "theirs", &opts.writeout_stage, N_("checkout their version for unmerged files"),
 			    3),
-		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "merge", &opts.merge, "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, "update ignored files (default)"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, "style",
-			   "conflict style (merge or diff3)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, "select hunks interactively"),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch, NULL,
-		  "second guess 'git checkout no-such-branch'",
-		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		OPT__FORCE(&opts.force, N_("force checkout (throw away local modifications)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('m', "merge", &opts.merge, N_("perform a 3-way merge with the new branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "overwrite-ignore", &opts.overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "conflict", &conflict_style, N_("style"),
+			   N_("conflict style (merge or diff3)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &opts.patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-skip-worktree-bits", &opts.ignore_skipworktree,
+			 N_("do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only")),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "guess", &dwim_new_local_branch,
+				N_("second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	memset(&new, 0, sizeof(new));
 	opts.overwrite_ignore = 1;
+	opts.prefix = prefix;
 
 	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_checkout_config, &opts);
@@ -967,55 +1144,38 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, checkout_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	/* we can assume from now on new_branch = !new_branch_force */
-	if (opts.new_branch && opts.new_branch_force)
-		die(_("-B cannot be used with -b"));
+	if (conflict_style) {
+		opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
+		git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
+	}
 
-	/* copy -B over to -b, so that we can just check the latter */
+	if ((!!opts.new_branch + !!opts.new_branch_force + !!opts.new_orphan_branch) > 1)
+		die(_("-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"));
+
+	/*
+	 * From here on, new_branch will contain the branch to be checked out,
+	 * and new_branch_force and new_orphan_branch will tell us which one of
+	 * -b/-B/--orphan is being used.
+	 */
 	if (opts.new_branch_force)
 		opts.new_branch = opts.new_branch_force;
 
-	if (patch_mode && (opts.track > 0 || opts.new_branch
-			   || opts.new_branch_log || opts.merge || opts.force
-			   || opts.force_detach))
-		die (_("--patch is incompatible with all other options"));
-
-	if (opts.force_detach && (opts.new_branch || opts.new_orphan_branch))
-		die(_("--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"));
-	if (opts.force_detach && 0 < opts.track)
-		die(_("--detach cannot be used with -t"));
+	if (opts.new_orphan_branch)
+		opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;
 
-	/* --track without -b should DWIM */
-	if (0 < opts.track && !opts.new_branch) {
+	/* --track without -b/-B/--orphan should DWIM */
+	if (opts.track != BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED && !opts.new_branch) {
 		const char *argv0 = argv[0];
 		if (!argc || !strcmp(argv0, "--"))
 			die (_("--track needs a branch name"));
-		if (!prefixcmp(argv0, "refs/"))
-			argv0 += 5;
-		if (!prefixcmp(argv0, "remotes/"))
-			argv0 += 8;
+		skip_prefix(argv0, "refs/", &argv0);
+		skip_prefix(argv0, "remotes/", &argv0);
 		argv0 = strchr(argv0, '/');
 		if (!argv0 || !argv0[1])
 			die (_("Missing branch name; try -b"));
 		opts.new_branch = argv0 + 1;
 	}
 
-	if (opts.new_orphan_branch) {
-		if (opts.new_branch)
-			die(_("--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"));
-		if (opts.track > 0)
-			die(_("--orphan cannot be used with -t"));
-		opts.new_branch = opts.new_orphan_branch;
-	}
-
-	if (conflict_style) {
-		opts.merge = 1; /* implied */
-		git_xmerge_config("merge.conflictstyle", conflict_style, NULL);
-	}
-
-	if (opts.force && opts.merge)
-		die(_("git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"));
-
 	/*
 	 * Extract branch name from command line arguments, so
 	 * all that is left is pathspecs.
@@ -1030,73 +1190,58 @@ int cmd_checkout(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * remote branches, erroring out for invalid or ambiguous cases.
 	 */
 	if (argc) {
+		unsigned char rev[20];
 		int dwim_ok =
-			!patch_mode &&
+			!opts.patch_mode &&
 			dwim_new_local_branch &&
 			opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED &&
 			!opts.new_branch;
 		int n = parse_branchname_arg(argc, argv, dwim_ok,
-				&new, &source_tree, rev, &opts.new_branch);
+					     &new, &opts.source_tree,
+					     rev, &opts.new_branch);
 		argv += n;
 		argc -= n;
 	}
 
-	if (opts.track == BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED)
-		opts.track = git_branch_track;
-
 	if (argc) {
-		const char **pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+		parse_pathspec(&opts.pathspec, 0,
+			       opts.patch_mode ? PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN : 0,
+			       prefix, argv);
 
-		if (!pathspec)
+		if (!opts.pathspec.nr)
 			die(_("invalid path specification"));
 
-		if (patch_mode)
-			return interactive_checkout(new.name, pathspec, &opts);
-
-		/* Checkout paths */
-		if (opts.new_branch) {
-			if (argc == 1) {
-				die(_("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\nDid you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"), argv[0]);
-			} else {
-				die(_("git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."));
-			}
-		}
+		/*
+		 * Try to give more helpful suggestion.
+		 * new_branch && argc > 1 will be caught later.
+		 */
+		if (opts.new_branch && argc == 1)
+			die(_("Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+			      "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"),
+			    opts.new_branch, argv[0]);
 
 		if (opts.force_detach)
-			die(_("git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"));
+			die(_("git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"),
+			    argv[0]);
 
 		if (1 < !!opts.writeout_stage + !!opts.force + !!opts.merge)
-			die(_("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\nchecking out of the index."));
-
-		return checkout_paths(source_tree, pathspec, prefix, &opts);
+			die(_("git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+			      "checking out of the index."));
 	}
 
-	if (patch_mode)
-		return interactive_checkout(new.name, NULL, &opts);
-
 	if (opts.new_branch) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-		opts.branch_exists = validate_new_branchname(opts.new_branch, &buf,
-							     !!opts.new_branch_force,
-							     !!opts.new_branch_force);
+		opts.branch_exists =
+			validate_new_branchname(opts.new_branch, &buf,
+						!!opts.new_branch_force,
+						!!opts.new_branch_force);
 
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
-	if (new.name && !new.commit) {
-		die(_("Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."));
-	}
-	if (opts.writeout_stage)
-		die(_("--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."));
-
-	if (!new.commit) {
-		unsigned char rev[20];
-		int flag;
-
-		if (!read_ref_full("HEAD", rev, 0, &flag) &&
-		    (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && is_null_sha1(rev))
-			return switch_unborn_to_new_branch(&opts);
-	}
-	return switch_branches(&opts, &new);
+	if (opts.patch_mode || opts.pathspec.nr)
+		return checkout_paths(&opts, new.name);
+	else
+		return checkout_branch(&opts, &new);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/clean.c b/builtin/clean.c
index 0c7b3d0f4c..98c103fa8b 100644
--- a/builtin/clean.c
+++ b/builtin/clean.c
@@ -10,21 +10,135 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "color.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int force = -1; /* unset */
+static int interactive;
+static struct string_list del_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+static unsigned int colopts;
 
 static const char *const builtin_clean_usage[] = {
-	"git clean [-d] [-f] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>...",
+	N_("git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
+static const char *msg_remove = N_("Removing %s\n");
+static const char *msg_would_remove = N_("Would remove %s\n");
+static const char *msg_skip_git_dir = N_("Skipping repository %s\n");
+static const char *msg_would_skip_git_dir = N_("Would skip repository %s\n");
+static const char *msg_warn_remove_failed = N_("failed to remove %s");
+
+static int clean_use_color = -1;
+static char clean_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
+	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
+	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* PLAIN */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_BLUE,	/* PROMPT */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD,		/* HEADER */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED,	/* HELP */
+	GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED,	/* ERROR */
+};
+enum color_clean {
+	CLEAN_COLOR_RESET = 0,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_PLAIN = 1,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT = 2,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER = 3,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_HELP = 4,
+	CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR = 5
+};
+
+#define MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON		01
+#define MENU_OPTS_IMMEDIATE		02
+#define MENU_OPTS_LIST_ONLY		04
+
+struct menu_opts {
+	const char *header;
+	const char *prompt;
+	int flags;
+};
+
+#define MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP		10
+
+struct menu_item {
+	char hotkey;
+	const char *title;
+	int selected;
+	int (*fn)(void);
+};
+
+enum menu_stuff_type {
+	MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST = 1,
+	MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM
+};
+
+struct menu_stuff {
+	enum menu_stuff_type type;
+	int nr;
+	void *stuff;
+};
+
+static int parse_clean_color_slot(const char *var)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "reset"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_RESET;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "plain"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_PLAIN;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "prompt"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "header"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "help"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_HELP;
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "error"))
+		return CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int git_clean_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "clean.requireforce"))
+	const char *slot_name;
+
+	if (starts_with(var, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(var, value, "clean", &colopts);
+
+	/* honors the color.interactive* config variables which also
+	   applied in git-add--interactive and git-stash */
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.interactive")) {
+		clean_use_color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "color.interactive.", &slot_name)) {
+		int slot = parse_clean_color_slot(slot_name);
+		if (slot < 0)
+			return 0;
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		return color_parse(value, clean_colors[slot]);
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "clean.requireforce")) {
 		force = !git_config_bool(var, value);
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* inspect the color.ui config variable and others */
+	return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+static const char *clean_get_color(enum color_clean ix)
+{
+	if (want_color(clean_use_color))
+		return clean_colors[ix];
+	return "";
+}
+
+static void clean_print_color(enum color_clean ix)
+{
+	printf("%s", clean_get_color(ix));
 }
 
 static int exclude_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -34,30 +148,741 @@ static int exclude_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+static int remove_dirs(struct strbuf *path, const char *prefix, int force_flag,
+		int dry_run, int quiet, int *dir_gone)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	int res = 0, ret = 0, gone = 1, original_len = path->len, len;
+	unsigned char submodule_head[20];
+	struct string_list dels = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	*dir_gone = 1;
+
+	if ((force_flag & REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT) &&
+			!resolve_gitlink_ref(path->buf, "HEAD", submodule_head)) {
+		if (!quiet) {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			printf(dry_run ?  _(msg_would_skip_git_dir) : _(msg_skip_git_dir),
+					quoted.buf);
+		}
+
+		*dir_gone = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	dir = opendir(path->buf);
+	if (!dir) {
+		/* an empty dir could be removed even if it is unreadble */
+		res = dry_run ? 0 : rmdir(path->buf);
+		if (res) {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+			*dir_gone = 0;
+		}
+		return res;
+	}
+
+	if (path->buf[original_len - 1] != '/')
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+
+	len = path->len;
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(path, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(path, e->d_name);
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
+			; /* fall thru */
+		else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			if (remove_dirs(path, prefix, force_flag, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
+				ret = 1;
+			if (gone) {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				string_list_append(&dels, quoted.buf);
+			} else
+				*dir_gone = 0;
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			res = dry_run ? 0 : unlink(path->buf);
+			if (!res) {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				string_list_append(&dels, quoted.buf);
+			} else {
+				quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+				warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+				*dir_gone = 0;
+				ret = 1;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* path too long, stat fails, or non-directory still exists */
+		*dir_gone = 0;
+		ret = 1;
+		break;
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+
+	strbuf_setlen(path, original_len);
+
+	if (*dir_gone) {
+		res = dry_run ? 0 : rmdir(path->buf);
+		if (!res)
+			*dir_gone = 1;
+		else {
+			quote_path_relative(path->buf, prefix, &quoted);
+			warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), quoted.buf);
+			*dir_gone = 0;
+			ret = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!*dir_gone && !quiet) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < dels.nr; i++)
+			printf(dry_run ?  _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), dels.items[i].string);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&dels, 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void pretty_print_dels(void)
+{
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *qname;
+	struct column_options copts;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+		string_list_append(&list, qname);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * always enable column display, we only consult column.*
+	 * about layout strategy and stuff
+	 */
+	colopts = (colopts & ~COL_ENABLE_MASK) | COL_ENABLED;
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.indent = "  ";
+	copts.padding = 2;
+	print_columns(&list, colopts, &copts);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+}
+
+static void pretty_print_menus(struct string_list *menu_list)
+{
+	unsigned int local_colopts = 0;
+	struct column_options copts;
+
+	local_colopts = COL_ENABLED | COL_ROW;
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.indent = "  ";
+	copts.padding = 2;
+	print_columns(menu_list, local_colopts, &copts);
+}
+
+static void prompt_help_cmd(int singleton)
+{
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HELP);
+	printf_ln(singleton ?
+		  _("Prompt help:\n"
+		    "1          - select a numbered item\n"
+		    "foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+		    "           - (empty) select nothing") :
+		  _("Prompt help:\n"
+		    "1          - select a single item\n"
+		    "3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+		    "2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+		    "foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+		    "-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+		    "*          - choose all items\n"
+		    "           - (empty) finish selecting"));
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+}
+
+/*
+ * display menu stuff with number prefix and hotkey highlight
+ */
+static void print_highlight_menu_stuff(struct menu_stuff *stuff, int **chosen)
+{
+	struct string_list menu_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct strbuf menu = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct menu_item *menu_item;
+	struct string_list_item *string_list_item;
+	int i;
+
+	switch (stuff->type) {
+	default:
+		die("Bad type of menu_stuff when print menu");
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM:
+		menu_item = (struct menu_item *)stuff->stuff;
+		for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++, menu_item++) {
+			const char *p;
+			int highlighted = 0;
+
+			p = menu_item->title;
+			if ((*chosen)[i] < 0)
+				(*chosen)[i] = menu_item->selected ? 1 : 0;
+			strbuf_addf(&menu, "%s%2d: ", (*chosen)[i] ? "*" : " ", i+1);
+			for (; *p; p++) {
+				if (!highlighted && *p == menu_item->hotkey) {
+					strbuf_addstr(&menu, clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT));
+					strbuf_addch(&menu, *p);
+					strbuf_addstr(&menu, clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+					highlighted = 1;
+				} else {
+					strbuf_addch(&menu, *p);
+				}
+			}
+			string_list_append(&menu_list, menu.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&menu);
+		}
+		break;
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST:
+		i = 0;
+		for_each_string_list_item(string_list_item, (struct string_list *)stuff->stuff) {
+			if ((*chosen)[i] < 0)
+				(*chosen)[i] = 0;
+			strbuf_addf(&menu, "%s%2d: %s",
+				    (*chosen)[i] ? "*" : " ", i+1, string_list_item->string);
+			string_list_append(&menu_list, menu.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&menu);
+			i++;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	pretty_print_menus(&menu_list);
+
+	strbuf_release(&menu);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&menu_list, 0);
+}
+
+static int find_unique(const char *choice, struct menu_stuff *menu_stuff)
+{
+	struct menu_item *menu_item;
+	struct string_list_item *string_list_item;
+	int i, len, found = 0;
+
+	len = strlen(choice);
+	switch (menu_stuff->type) {
+	default:
+		die("Bad type of menu_stuff when parse choice");
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM:
+
+		menu_item = (struct menu_item *)menu_stuff->stuff;
+		for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++, menu_item++) {
+			if (len == 1 && *choice == menu_item->hotkey) {
+				found = i + 1;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (!strncasecmp(choice, menu_item->title, len)) {
+				if (found) {
+					if (len == 1) {
+						/* continue for hotkey matching */
+						found = -1;
+					} else {
+						found = 0;
+						break;
+					}
+				} else {
+					found = i + 1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+	case MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST:
+		string_list_item = ((struct string_list *)menu_stuff->stuff)->items;
+		for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++, string_list_item++) {
+			if (!strncasecmp(choice, string_list_item->string, len)) {
+				if (found) {
+					found = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+				found = i + 1;
+			}
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+	return found;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Parse user input, and return choice(s) for menu (menu_stuff).
+ *
+ * Input
+ *     (for single choice)
+ *         1          - select a numbered item
+ *         foo        - select item based on menu title
+ *                    - (empty) select nothing
+ *
+ *     (for multiple choice)
+ *         1          - select a single item
+ *         3-5        - select a range of items
+ *         2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges
+ *         foo        - select item based on menu title
+ *         -...       - unselect specified items
+ *         *          - choose all items
+ *                    - (empty) finish selecting
+ *
+ * The parse result will be saved in array **chosen, and
+ * return number of total selections.
+ */
+static int parse_choice(struct menu_stuff *menu_stuff,
+			int is_single,
+			struct strbuf input,
+			int **chosen)
+{
+	struct strbuf **choice_list, **ptr;
+	int nr = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	if (is_single) {
+		choice_list = strbuf_split_max(&input, '\n', 0);
+	} else {
+		char *p = input.buf;
+		do {
+			if (*p == ',')
+				*p = ' ';
+		} while (*p++);
+		choice_list = strbuf_split_max(&input, ' ', 0);
+	}
+
+	for (ptr = choice_list; *ptr; ptr++) {
+		char *p;
+		int choose = 1;
+		int bottom = 0, top = 0;
+		int is_range, is_number;
+
+		strbuf_trim(*ptr);
+		if (!(*ptr)->len)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Input that begins with '-'; unchoose */
+		if (*(*ptr)->buf == '-') {
+			choose = 0;
+			strbuf_remove((*ptr), 0, 1);
+		}
+
+		is_range = 0;
+		is_number = 1;
+		for (p = (*ptr)->buf; *p; p++) {
+			if ('-' == *p) {
+				if (!is_range) {
+					is_range = 1;
+					is_number = 0;
+				} else {
+					is_number = 0;
+					is_range = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+			} else if (!isdigit(*p)) {
+				is_number = 0;
+				is_range = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (is_number) {
+			bottom = atoi((*ptr)->buf);
+			top = bottom;
+		} else if (is_range) {
+			bottom = atoi((*ptr)->buf);
+			/* a range can be specified like 5-7 or 5- */
+			if (!*(strchr((*ptr)->buf, '-') + 1))
+				top = menu_stuff->nr;
+			else
+				top = atoi(strchr((*ptr)->buf, '-') + 1);
+		} else if (!strcmp((*ptr)->buf, "*")) {
+			bottom = 1;
+			top = menu_stuff->nr;
+		} else {
+			bottom = find_unique((*ptr)->buf, menu_stuff);
+			top = bottom;
+		}
+
+		if (top <= 0 || bottom <= 0 || top > menu_stuff->nr || bottom > top ||
+		    (is_single && bottom != top)) {
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+			printf_ln(_("Huh (%s)?"), (*ptr)->buf);
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		for (i = bottom; i <= top; i++)
+			(*chosen)[i-1] = choose;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_list_free(choice_list);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < menu_stuff->nr; i++)
+		nr += (*chosen)[i];
+	return nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Implement a git-add-interactive compatible UI, which is borrowed
+ * from git-add--interactive.perl.
+ *
+ * Return value:
+ *
+ *   - Return an array of integers
+ *   - , and it is up to you to free the allocated memory.
+ *   - The array ends with EOF.
+ *   - If user pressed CTRL-D (i.e. EOF), no selection returned.
+ */
+static int *list_and_choose(struct menu_opts *opts, struct menu_stuff *stuff)
 {
+	struct strbuf choice = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int *chosen, *result;
+	int nr = 0;
+	int eof = 0;
 	int i;
-	int show_only = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
-	int ignored_only = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0;
+
+	chosen = xmalloc(sizeof(int) * stuff->nr);
+	/* set chosen as uninitialized */
+	for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++)
+		chosen[i] = -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (opts->header) {
+			printf_ln("%s%s%s",
+				  clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER),
+				  _(opts->header),
+				  clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+		}
+
+		/* chosen will be initialized by print_highlight_menu_stuff */
+		print_highlight_menu_stuff(stuff, &chosen);
+
+		if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_LIST_ONLY)
+			break;
+
+		if (opts->prompt) {
+			printf("%s%s%s%s",
+			       clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT),
+			       _(opts->prompt),
+			       opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON ? "> " : ">> ",
+			       clean_get_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET));
+		}
+
+		if (strbuf_getline(&choice, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+			strbuf_trim(&choice);
+		} else {
+			eof = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* help for prompt */
+		if (!strcmp(choice.buf, "?")) {
+			prompt_help_cmd(opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* for a multiple-choice menu, press ENTER (empty) will return back */
+		if (!(opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON) && !choice.len)
+			break;
+
+		nr = parse_choice(stuff,
+				  opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON,
+				  choice,
+				  &chosen);
+
+		if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON) {
+			if (nr)
+				break;
+		} else if (opts->flags & MENU_OPTS_IMMEDIATE) {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (eof) {
+		result = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
+		*result = EOF;
+	} else {
+		int j = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * recalculate nr, if return back from menu directly with
+		 * default selections.
+		 */
+		if (!nr) {
+			for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr; i++)
+				nr += chosen[i];
+		}
+
+		result = xcalloc(nr + 1, sizeof(int));
+		for (i = 0; i < stuff->nr && j < nr; i++) {
+			if (chosen[i])
+				result[j++] = i;
+		}
+		result[j] = EOF;
+	}
+
+	free(chosen);
+	strbuf_release(&choice);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int clean_cmd(void)
+{
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int filter_by_patterns_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct strbuf confirm = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf **ignore_list;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	int changed = -1, i;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!del_list.nr)
+			break;
+
+		if (changed)
+			pretty_print_dels();
+
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_PROMPT);
+		printf(_("Input ignore patterns>> "));
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+		if (strbuf_getline(&confirm, stdin, '\n') != EOF)
+			strbuf_trim(&confirm);
+		else
+			putchar('\n');
+
+		/* quit filter_by_pattern mode if press ENTER or Ctrl-D */
+		if (!confirm.len)
+			break;
+
+		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+		el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "manual exclude");
+		ignore_list = strbuf_split_max(&confirm, ' ', 0);
+
+		for (i = 0; ignore_list[i]; i++) {
+			strbuf_trim(ignore_list[i]);
+			if (!ignore_list[i]->len)
+				continue;
+
+			add_exclude(ignore_list[i]->buf, "", 0, el, -(i+1));
+		}
+
+		changed = 0;
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+			int dtype = DT_UNKNOWN;
+
+			if (is_excluded(&dir, item->string, &dtype)) {
+				*item->string = '\0';
+				changed++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (changed) {
+			string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+		} else {
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+			printf_ln(_("WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"), confirm.buf);
+			clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+		}
+
+		strbuf_list_free(ignore_list);
+		clear_directory(&dir);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&confirm);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int select_by_numbers_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct menu_opts menu_opts;
+	struct menu_stuff menu_stuff;
+	struct string_list_item *items;
+	int *chosen;
+	int i, j;
+
+	menu_opts.header = NULL;
+	menu_opts.prompt = N_("Select items to delete");
+	menu_opts.flags = 0;
+
+	menu_stuff.type = MENU_STUFF_TYPE_STRING_LIST;
+	menu_stuff.stuff = &del_list;
+	menu_stuff.nr = del_list.nr;
+
+	chosen = list_and_choose(&menu_opts, &menu_stuff);
+	items = del_list.items;
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < del_list.nr; i++) {
+		if (i < chosen[j]) {
+			*(items[i].string) = '\0';
+		} else if (i == chosen[j]) {
+			/* delete selected item */
+			j++;
+			continue;
+		} else {
+			/* end of chosen (chosen[j] == EOF), won't delete */
+			*(items[i].string) = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+
+	free(chosen);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ask_each_cmd(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf confirm = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	const char *qname;
+	int changed = 0, eof = 0;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		/* Ctrl-D should stop removing files */
+		if (!eof) {
+			qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+			/* TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is */
+			printf(_("Remove %s [y/N]? "), qname);
+			if (strbuf_getline(&confirm, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+				strbuf_trim(&confirm);
+			} else {
+				putchar('\n');
+				eof = 1;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!confirm.len || strncasecmp(confirm.buf, "yes", confirm.len)) {
+			*item->string = '\0';
+			changed++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (changed)
+		string_list_remove_empty_items(&del_list, 0);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&confirm);
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int quit_cmd(void)
+{
+	string_list_clear(&del_list, 0);
+	printf_ln(_("Bye."));
+	return MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP;
+}
+
+static int help_cmd(void)
+{
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HELP);
+	printf_ln(_(
+		    "clean               - start cleaning\n"
+		    "filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+		    "select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+		    "ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+		    "quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+		    "help                - this screen\n"
+		    "?                   - help for prompt selection"
+		   ));
+	clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void interactive_main_loop(void)
+{
+	while (del_list.nr) {
+		struct menu_opts menu_opts;
+		struct menu_stuff menu_stuff;
+		struct menu_item menus[] = {
+			{'c', "clean",			0, clean_cmd},
+			{'f', "filter by pattern",	0, filter_by_patterns_cmd},
+			{'s', "select by numbers",	0, select_by_numbers_cmd},
+			{'a', "ask each",		0, ask_each_cmd},
+			{'q', "quit",			0, quit_cmd},
+			{'h', "help",			0, help_cmd},
+		};
+		int *chosen;
+
+		menu_opts.header = N_("*** Commands ***");
+		menu_opts.prompt = N_("What now");
+		menu_opts.flags = MENU_OPTS_SINGLETON;
+
+		menu_stuff.type = MENU_STUFF_TYPE_MENU_ITEM;
+		menu_stuff.stuff = menus;
+		menu_stuff.nr = sizeof(menus) / sizeof(struct menu_item);
+
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_HEADER);
+		printf_ln(Q_("Would remove the following item:",
+			     "Would remove the following items:",
+			     del_list.nr));
+		clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+
+		pretty_print_dels();
+
+		chosen = list_and_choose(&menu_opts, &menu_stuff);
+
+		if (*chosen != EOF) {
+			int ret;
+			ret = menus[*chosen].fn();
+			if (ret != MENU_RETURN_NO_LOOP) {
+				free(chosen);
+				chosen = NULL;
+				if (!del_list.nr) {
+					clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_ERROR);
+					printf_ln(_("No more files to clean, exiting."));
+					clean_print_color(CLEAN_COLOR_RESET);
+					break;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+		} else {
+			quit_cmd();
+		}
+
+		free(chosen);
+		chosen = NULL;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i, res;
+	int dry_run = 0, remove_directories = 0, quiet = 0, ignored = 0;
+	int ignored_only = 0, config_set = 0, errors = 0, gone = 1;
 	int rm_flags = REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT;
-	struct strbuf directory = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf abs_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
-	static const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct string_list exclude_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
 	const char *qname;
-	char *seen = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not print names of files removed"),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "force"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
-				"remove whole directories"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', "exclude", &exclude_list, "pattern",
-		  "add <pattern> to ignore rules", PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_cb },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &ignored, "remove ignored files, too"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
-				"remove only ignored files"),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not print names of files removed")),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, N_("dry run")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force")),
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactive cleaning")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &remove_directories,
+				N_("remove whole directories")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
+		  N_("add <pattern> to ignore rules"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_cb },
+		OPT_BOOL('x', NULL, &ignored, N_("remove ignored files, too")),
+		OPT_BOOL('X', NULL, &ignored_only,
+				N_("remove only ignored files")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -77,13 +902,13 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (ignored && ignored_only)
 		die(_("-x and -X cannot be used together"));
 
-	if (!show_only && !force) {
+	if (!interactive && !dry_run && !force) {
 		if (config_set)
-			die(_("clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; "
+			die(_("clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
 				  "refusing to clean"));
 		else
-			die(_("clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; "
-				  "refusing to clean"));
+			die(_("clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given;"
+				  " refusing to clean"));
 	}
 
 	if (force > 1)
@@ -97,96 +922,85 @@ int cmd_clean(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!ignored)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
+	el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "--exclude option");
 	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++)
-		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0,
-			    &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL]);
-
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, el, -(i+1));
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	if (pathspec)
-		seen = xmalloc(argc > 0 ? argc : 1);
+	fill_directory(&dir, &pathspec);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
-		int len, pos;
 		int matches = 0;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
 		struct stat st;
+		const char *rel;
 
-		/*
-		 * Remove the '/' at the end that directory
-		 * walking adds for directory entries.
-		 */
-		len = ent->len;
-		if (len && ent->name[len-1] == '/')
-			len--;
-		pos = cache_name_pos(ent->name, len);
-		if (0 <= pos)
-			continue;	/* exact match */
-		pos = -pos - 1;
-		if (pos < active_nr) {
-			ce = active_cache[pos];
-			if (ce_namelen(ce) == len &&
-			    !memcmp(ce->name, ent->name, len))
-				continue; /* Yup, this one exists unmerged */
-		}
+		if (!cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len))
+			continue;
+
+		if (lstat(ent->name, &st))
+			die_errno("Cannot lstat '%s'", ent->name);
+
+		if (pathspec.nr)
+			matches = dir_path_match(ent, &pathspec, 0, NULL);
+
+		if (pathspec.nr && !matches)
+			continue;
+
+		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !remove_directories &&
+		    matches != MATCHED_EXACTLY)
+			continue;
+
+		rel = relative_path(ent->name, prefix, &buf);
+		string_list_append(&del_list, rel);
+	}
+
+	if (interactive && del_list.nr > 0)
+		interactive_main_loop();
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &del_list) {
+		struct stat st;
+
+		if (prefix)
+			strbuf_addstr(&abs_path, prefix);
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&abs_path, item->string);
 
 		/*
 		 * we might have removed this as part of earlier
 		 * recursive directory removal, so lstat() here could
 		 * fail with ENOENT.
 		 */
-		if (lstat(ent->name, &st))
+		if (lstat(abs_path.buf, &st))
 			continue;
 
-		if (pathspec) {
-			memset(seen, 0, argc > 0 ? argc : 1);
-			matches = match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, len,
-						 0, seen);
-		}
-
 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&directory, ent->name);
-			qname = quote_path_relative(directory.buf, directory.len, &buf, prefix);
-			if (show_only && (remove_directories ||
-			    (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY))) {
-				printf(_("Would remove %s\n"), qname);
-			} else if (remove_directories ||
-				   (matches == MATCHED_EXACTLY)) {
-				if (!quiet)
-					printf(_("Removing %s\n"), qname);
-				if (remove_dir_recursively(&directory,
-							   rm_flags) != 0) {
-					warning(_("failed to remove %s"), qname);
-					errors++;
-				}
-			} else if (show_only) {
-				printf(_("Would not remove %s\n"), qname);
-			} else {
-				printf(_("Not removing %s\n"), qname);
+			if (remove_dirs(&abs_path, prefix, rm_flags, dry_run, quiet, &gone))
+				errors++;
+			if (gone && !quiet) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				printf(dry_run ? _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), qname);
 			}
-			strbuf_reset(&directory);
 		} else {
-			if (pathspec && !matches)
-				continue;
-			qname = quote_path_relative(ent->name, -1, &buf, prefix);
-			if (show_only) {
-				printf(_("Would remove %s\n"), qname);
-				continue;
-			} else if (!quiet) {
-				printf(_("Removing %s\n"), qname);
-			}
-			if (unlink(ent->name) != 0) {
-				warning(_("failed to remove %s"), qname);
+			res = dry_run ? 0 : unlink(abs_path.buf);
+			if (res) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				warning(_(msg_warn_remove_failed), qname);
 				errors++;
+			} else if (!quiet) {
+				qname = quote_path_relative(item->string, NULL, &buf);
+				printf(dry_run ? _(msg_would_remove) : _(msg_remove), qname);
 			}
 		}
+		strbuf_reset(&abs_path);
 	}
-	free(seen);
 
-	strbuf_release(&directory);
+	strbuf_release(&abs_path);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	string_list_clear(&del_list, 0);
 	string_list_clear(&exclude_list, 0);
 	return (errors != 0);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/clone.c b/builtin/clone.c
index bbd5c96237..53a2e5af35 100644
--- a/builtin/clone.c
+++ b/builtin/clone.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
 #include "refs.h"
@@ -18,11 +19,11 @@
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "dir.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "connected.h"
 
 /*
  * Overall FIXMEs:
@@ -33,12 +34,12 @@
  *
  */
 static const char * const builtin_clone_usage[] = {
-	"git clone [options] [--] <repo> [<dir>]",
+	N_("git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int option_no_checkout, option_bare, option_mirror, option_single_branch = -1;
-static int option_local, option_no_hardlinks, option_shared, option_recursive;
+static int option_local = -1, option_no_hardlinks, option_shared, option_recursive;
 static char *option_template, *option_depth;
 static char *option_origin = NULL;
 static char *option_branch = NULL;
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ static int option_verbosity;
 static int option_progress = -1;
 static struct string_list option_config;
 static struct string_list option_reference;
+static int option_dissociate;
 
 static int opt_parse_reference(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
@@ -61,43 +63,44 @@ static int opt_parse_reference(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int un
 static struct option builtin_clone_options[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&option_verbosity),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &option_progress,
-		 "force progress reporting"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-checkout", &option_no_checkout,
-		    "don't create a checkout"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "bare", &option_bare, "create a bare repository"),
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "naked", &option_bare, NULL,
-		"create a bare repository",
-		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "mirror", &option_mirror,
-		    "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "local", &option_local,
-		    "to clone from a local repository"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-hardlinks", &option_no_hardlinks,
-		    "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "shared", &option_shared,
-		    "setup as shared repository"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
-		    "initialize submodules in the clone"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "recurse-submodules", &option_recursive,
-		    "initialize submodules in the clone"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "template", &option_template, "template-directory",
-		   "directory from which templates will be used"),
-	OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "reference", &option_reference, "repo",
-		     "reference repository", &opt_parse_reference),
-	OPT_STRING('o', "origin", &option_origin, "name",
-		   "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"),
-	OPT_STRING('b', "branch", &option_branch, "branch",
-		   "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"),
-	OPT_STRING('u', "upload-pack", &option_upload_pack, "path",
-		   "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &option_depth, "depth",
-		    "create a shallow clone of that depth"),
+		 N_("force progress reporting")),
+	OPT_BOOL('n', "no-checkout", &option_no_checkout,
+		 N_("don't create a checkout")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "bare", &option_bare, N_("create a bare repository")),
+	OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "naked", &option_bare,
+			N_("create a bare repository")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "mirror", &option_mirror,
+		 N_("create a mirror repository (implies bare)")),
+	OPT_BOOL('l', "local", &option_local,
+		N_("to clone from a local repository")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "no-hardlinks", &option_no_hardlinks,
+		    N_("don't use local hardlinks, always copy")),
+	OPT_BOOL('s', "shared", &option_shared,
+		    N_("setup as shared repository")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "recursive", &option_recursive,
+		    N_("initialize submodules in the clone")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "recurse-submodules", &option_recursive,
+		    N_("initialize submodules in the clone")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "template", &option_template, N_("template-directory"),
+		   N_("directory from which templates will be used")),
+	OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "reference", &option_reference, N_("repo"),
+		     N_("reference repository"), &opt_parse_reference),
+	OPT_STRING('o', "origin", &option_origin, N_("name"),
+		   N_("use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream")),
+	OPT_STRING('b', "branch", &option_branch, N_("branch"),
+		   N_("checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD")),
+	OPT_STRING('u', "upload-pack", &option_upload_pack, N_("path"),
+		   N_("path to git-upload-pack on the remote")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &option_depth, N_("depth"),
+		    N_("create a shallow clone of that depth")),
 	OPT_BOOL(0, "single-branch", &option_single_branch,
-		    "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, "gitdir",
-		   "separate git dir from working tree"),
-	OPT_STRING_LIST('c', "config", &option_config, "key=value",
-			"set config inside the new repository"),
+		    N_("clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dissociate", &option_dissociate,
+		 N_("use --reference only while cloning")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, N_("gitdir"),
+		   N_("separate git dir from working tree")),
+	OPT_STRING_LIST('c', "config", &option_config, N_("key=value"),
+			N_("set config inside the new repository")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -231,18 +234,34 @@ static void strip_trailing_slashes(char *dir)
 static int add_one_reference(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 {
 	char *ref_git;
+	const char *repo;
 	struct strbuf alternate = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	/* Beware: real_path() and mkpath() return static buffer */
+	/* Beware: read_gitfile(), real_path() and mkpath() return static buffer */
 	ref_git = xstrdup(real_path(item->string));
-	if (is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git))) {
-		char *ref_git_git = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.git", ref_git));
+
+	repo = read_gitfile(ref_git);
+	if (!repo)
+		repo = read_gitfile(mkpath("%s/.git", ref_git));
+	if (repo) {
+		free(ref_git);
+		ref_git = xstrdup(repo);
+	}
+
+	if (!repo && is_directory(mkpath("%s/.git/objects", ref_git))) {
+		char *ref_git_git = mkpathdup("%s/.git", ref_git);
 		free(ref_git);
 		ref_git = ref_git_git;
 	} else if (!is_directory(mkpath("%s/objects", ref_git)))
-		die(_("reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."),
+		die(_("reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."),
 		    item->string);
 
+	if (!access(mkpath("%s/shallow", ref_git), F_OK))
+		die(_("reference repository '%s' is shallow"), item->string);
+
+	if (!access(mkpath("%s/info/grafts", ref_git), F_OK))
+		die(_("reference repository '%s' is grafted"), item->string);
+
 	strbuf_addf(&alternate, "%s/objects", ref_git);
 	add_to_alternates_file(alternate.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&alternate);
@@ -342,7 +361,7 @@ static void copy_or_link_directory(struct strbuf *src, struct strbuf *dest,
 		if (!option_no_hardlinks) {
 			if (!link(src->buf, dest->buf))
 				continue;
-			if (option_local)
+			if (option_local > 0)
 				die_errno(_("failed to create link '%s'"), dest->buf);
 			option_no_hardlinks = 1;
 		}
@@ -370,18 +389,37 @@ static void clone_local(const char *src_repo, const char *dest_repo)
 	}
 
 	if (0 <= option_verbosity)
-		printf(_("done.\n"));
+		fprintf(stderr, _("done.\n"));
 }
 
 static const char *junk_work_tree;
 static const char *junk_git_dir;
-static pid_t junk_pid;
+static enum {
+	JUNK_LEAVE_NONE,
+	JUNK_LEAVE_REPO,
+	JUNK_LEAVE_ALL
+} junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_NONE;
+
+static const char junk_leave_repo_msg[] =
+N_("Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+   "You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+   "and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n");
 
 static void remove_junk(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	if (getpid() != junk_pid)
+
+	switch (junk_mode) {
+	case JUNK_LEAVE_REPO:
+		warning("%s", _(junk_leave_repo_msg));
+		/* fall-through */
+	case JUNK_LEAVE_ALL:
 		return;
+	default:
+		/* proceed to removal */
+		break;
+	}
+
 	if (junk_git_dir) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&sb, junk_git_dir);
 		remove_dir_recursively(&sb, 0);
@@ -433,8 +471,11 @@ static struct ref *wanted_peer_refs(const struct ref *refs,
 
 		if (!option_branch)
 			remote_head = guess_remote_head(head, refs, 0);
-		else
-			remote_head = find_remote_branch(refs, option_branch);
+		else {
+			local_refs = NULL;
+			tail = &local_refs;
+			remote_head = copy_ref(find_remote_branch(refs, option_branch));
+		}
 
 		if (!remote_head && option_branch)
 			warning(_("Could not find remote branch %s to clone."),
@@ -458,36 +499,73 @@ static void write_remote_refs(const struct ref *local_refs)
 {
 	const struct ref *r;
 
+	lock_packed_refs(LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+
 	for (r = local_refs; r; r = r->next) {
 		if (!r->peer_ref)
 			continue;
 		add_packed_ref(r->peer_ref->name, r->old_sha1);
 	}
 
-	pack_refs(PACK_REFS_ALL);
+	if (commit_packed_refs())
+		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
 }
 
 static void write_followtags(const struct ref *refs, const char *msg)
 {
 	const struct ref *ref;
 	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		if (prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+		if (!starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
 			continue;
-		if (!suffixcmp(ref->name, "^{}"))
+		if (ends_with(ref->name, "^{}"))
 			continue;
 		if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1))
 			continue;
 		update_ref(msg, ref->name, ref->old_sha1,
-			   NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			   NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 	}
 }
 
+static int iterate_ref_map(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	struct ref **rm = cb_data;
+	struct ref *ref = *rm;
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip anything missing a peer_ref, which we are not
+	 * actually going to write a ref for.
+	 */
+	while (ref && !ref->peer_ref)
+		ref = ref->next;
+	/* Returning -1 notes "end of list" to the caller. */
+	if (!ref)
+		return -1;
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, ref->old_sha1);
+	*rm = ref->next;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void update_remote_refs(const struct ref *refs,
 			       const struct ref *mapped_refs,
 			       const struct ref *remote_head_points_at,
 			       const char *branch_top,
-			       const char *msg)
+			       const char *msg,
+			       struct transport *transport,
+			       int check_connectivity)
 {
+	const struct ref *rm = mapped_refs;
+
+	if (check_connectivity) {
+		if (transport->progress)
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Checking connectivity... "));
+		if (check_everything_connected_with_transport(iterate_ref_map,
+							      0, &rm, transport))
+			die(_("remote did not send all necessary objects"));
+		if (transport->progress)
+			fprintf(stderr, _("done.\n"));
+	}
+
 	if (refs) {
 		write_remote_refs(mapped_refs);
 		if (option_single_branch)
@@ -507,19 +585,20 @@ static void update_remote_refs(const struct ref *refs,
 static void update_head(const struct ref *our, const struct ref *remote,
 			const char *msg)
 {
-	if (our && !prefixcmp(our->name, "refs/heads/")) {
+	const char *head;
+	if (our && skip_prefix(our->name, "refs/heads/", &head)) {
 		/* Local default branch link */
 		create_symref("HEAD", our->name, NULL);
 		if (!option_bare) {
-			const char *head = skip_prefix(our->name, "refs/heads/");
-			update_ref(msg, "HEAD", our->old_sha1, NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			update_ref(msg, "HEAD", our->old_sha1, NULL, 0,
+				   UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 			install_branch_config(0, head, option_origin, our->name);
 		}
 	} else if (our) {
 		struct commit *c = lookup_commit_reference(our->old_sha1);
 		/* --branch specifies a non-branch (i.e. tags), detach HEAD */
 		update_ref(msg, "HEAD", c->object.sha1,
-			   NULL, REF_NODEREF, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			   NULL, REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 	} else if (remote) {
 		/*
 		 * We know remote HEAD points to a non-branch, or
@@ -527,7 +606,7 @@ static void update_head(const struct ref *our, const struct ref *remote,
 		 * Detach HEAD in all these cases.
 		 */
 		update_ref(msg, "HEAD", remote->old_sha1,
-			   NULL, REF_NODEREF, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			   NULL, REF_NODEREF, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -539,12 +618,12 @@ static int checkout(void)
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	struct tree *tree;
 	struct tree_desc t;
-	int err = 0, fd;
+	int err = 0;
 
 	if (option_no_checkout)
 		return 0;
 
-	head = resolve_refdup("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
+	head = resolve_refdup("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, NULL);
 	if (!head) {
 		warning(_("remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, "
 			  "unable to checkout.\n"));
@@ -554,7 +633,7 @@ static int checkout(void)
 		if (advice_detached_head)
 			detach_advice(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	} else {
-		if (prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/"))
+		if (!starts_with(head, "refs/heads/"))
 			die(_("HEAD not found below refs/heads!"));
 	}
 	free(head);
@@ -563,27 +642,27 @@ static int checkout(void)
 	setup_work_tree();
 
 	lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-	fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof opts);
 	opts.update = 1;
 	opts.merge = 1;
 	opts.fn = oneway_merge;
-	opts.verbose_update = (option_verbosity > 0);
+	opts.verbose_update = (option_verbosity >= 0);
 	opts.src_index = &the_index;
 	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
 
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
 	parse_tree(tree);
 	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
-	unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts);
+	if (unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts) < 0)
+		die(_("unable to checkout working tree"));
 
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
 
-	err |= run_hook(NULL, "post-checkout", sha1_to_hex(null_sha1),
-			sha1_to_hex(sha1), "1", NULL);
+	err |= run_hook_le(NULL, "post-checkout", sha1_to_hex(null_sha1),
+			   sha1_to_hex(sha1), "1", NULL);
 
 	if (!err && option_recursive)
 		err = run_command_v_opt(argv_submodule, RUN_GIT_CMD);
@@ -607,6 +686,68 @@ static void write_config(struct string_list *config)
 	}
 }
 
+static void write_refspec_config(const char *src_ref_prefix,
+		const struct ref *our_head_points_at,
+		const struct ref *remote_head_points_at,
+		struct strbuf *branch_top)
+{
+	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf value = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (option_mirror || !option_bare) {
+		if (option_single_branch && !option_mirror) {
+			if (option_branch) {
+				if (starts_with(our_head_points_at->name, "refs/tags/"))
+					strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s:%s", our_head_points_at->name,
+						our_head_points_at->name);
+				else
+					strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s:%s%s", our_head_points_at->name,
+						branch_top->buf, option_branch);
+			} else if (remote_head_points_at) {
+				const char *head = remote_head_points_at->name;
+				if (!skip_prefix(head, "refs/heads/", &head))
+					die("BUG: remote HEAD points at non-head?");
+
+				strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s:%s%s", remote_head_points_at->name,
+						branch_top->buf, head);
+			}
+			/*
+			 * otherwise, the next "git fetch" will
+			 * simply fetch from HEAD without updating
+			 * any remote-tracking branch, which is what
+			 * we want.
+			 */
+		} else {
+			strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s*:%s*", src_ref_prefix, branch_top->buf);
+		}
+		/* Configure the remote */
+		if (value.len) {
+			strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.fetch", option_origin);
+			git_config_set_multivar(key.buf, value.buf, "^$", 0);
+			strbuf_reset(&key);
+
+			if (option_mirror) {
+				strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.mirror", option_origin);
+				git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
+				strbuf_reset(&key);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&key);
+	strbuf_release(&value);
+}
+
+static void dissociate_from_references(void)
+{
+	static const char* argv[] = { "repack", "-a", "-d", NULL };
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD|RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN))
+		die(_("cannot repack to clean up"));
+	if (unlink(git_path("objects/info/alternates")) && errno != ENOENT)
+		die_errno(_("cannot unlink temporary alternates file"));
+}
+
 int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int is_bundle = 0, is_local;
@@ -629,8 +770,6 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct refspec *refspec;
 	const char *fetch_pattern;
 
-	junk_pid = getpid();
-
 	packet_trace_identity("clone");
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_clone_options,
 			     builtin_clone_usage, 0);
@@ -653,6 +792,8 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (option_origin)
 			die(_("--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."),
 			    option_origin);
+		if (real_git_dir)
+			die(_("--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."));
 		option_no_checkout = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -668,9 +809,10 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		die(_("repository '%s' does not exist"), repo_name);
 	else
 		repo = repo_name;
-	is_local = path && !is_bundle;
-	if (is_local && option_depth)
-		warning(_("--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."));
+
+	/* no need to be strict, transport_set_option() will validate it again */
+	if (option_depth && atoi(option_depth) < 1)
+		die(_("depth %s is not a positive number"), option_depth);
 
 	if (argc == 2)
 		dir = xstrdup(argv[1]);
@@ -697,48 +839,42 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		git_dir = xstrdup(dir);
 	else {
 		work_tree = dir;
-		git_dir = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.git", dir));
+		git_dir = mkpathdup("%s/.git", dir);
 	}
 
+	atexit(remove_junk);
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_junk_on_signal);
+
 	if (!option_bare) {
-		junk_work_tree = work_tree;
 		if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(work_tree) < 0)
 			die_errno(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"),
 				  work_tree);
-		if (!dest_exists && mkdir(work_tree, 0755))
-			die_errno(_("could not create work tree dir '%s'."),
+		if (!dest_exists && mkdir(work_tree, 0777))
+			die_errno(_("could not create work tree dir '%s'"),
 				  work_tree);
+		junk_work_tree = work_tree;
 		set_git_work_tree(work_tree);
 	}
-	junk_git_dir = git_dir;
-	atexit(remove_junk);
-	sigchain_push_common(remove_junk_on_signal);
-
-	setenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT, mkpath("%s/config", git_dir), 1);
 
+	junk_git_dir = git_dir;
 	if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(git_dir) < 0)
 		die(_("could not create leading directories of '%s'"), git_dir);
 
 	set_git_dir_init(git_dir, real_git_dir, 0);
-	if (real_git_dir)
+	if (real_git_dir) {
 		git_dir = real_git_dir;
+		junk_git_dir = real_git_dir;
+	}
 
 	if (0 <= option_verbosity) {
 		if (option_bare)
-			printf(_("Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"), dir);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"), dir);
 		else
-			printf(_("Cloning into '%s'...\n"), dir);
+			fprintf(stderr, _("Cloning into '%s'...\n"), dir);
 	}
 	init_db(option_template, INIT_DB_QUIET);
 	write_config(&option_config);
 
-	/*
-	 * At this point, the config exists, so we do not need the
-	 * environment variable.  We actually need to unset it, too, to
-	 * re-enable parsing of the global configs.
-	 */
-	unsetenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
-
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	if (option_bare) {
@@ -752,26 +888,16 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&value, "+%s*:%s*", src_ref_prefix, branch_top.buf);
-
-	if (option_mirror || !option_bare) {
-		/* Configure the remote */
-		strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.fetch", option_origin);
-		git_config_set_multivar(key.buf, value.buf, "^$", 0);
-		strbuf_reset(&key);
-
-		if (option_mirror) {
-			strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.mirror", option_origin);
-			git_config_set(key.buf, "true");
-			strbuf_reset(&key);
-		}
-	}
-
 	strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.url", option_origin);
 	git_config_set(key.buf, repo);
 	strbuf_reset(&key);
 
 	if (option_reference.nr)
 		setup_reference();
+	else if (option_dissociate) {
+		warning(_("--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"));
+		option_dissociate = 0;
+	}
 
 	fetch_pattern = value.buf;
 	refspec = parse_fetch_refspec(1, &fetch_pattern);
@@ -780,25 +906,40 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	remote = remote_get(option_origin);
 	transport = transport_get(remote, remote->url[0]);
+	path = get_repo_path(remote->url[0], &is_bundle);
+	is_local = option_local != 0 && path && !is_bundle;
+	if (is_local) {
+		if (option_depth)
+			warning(_("--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."));
+		if (!access(mkpath("%s/shallow", path), F_OK)) {
+			if (option_local > 0)
+				warning(_("source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"));
+			is_local = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	if (option_local > 0 && !is_local)
+		warning(_("--local is ignored"));
+	transport->cloning = 1;
 
-	if (!is_local) {
-		if (!transport->get_refs_list || !transport->fetch)
-			die(_("Don't know how to clone %s"), transport->url);
+	if (!transport->get_refs_list || (!is_local && !transport->fetch))
+		die(_("Don't know how to clone %s"), transport->url);
 
-		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
 
-		if (option_depth)
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH,
-					     option_depth);
-		if (option_single_branch)
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
+	if (option_depth)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH,
+				     option_depth);
+	if (option_single_branch)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
 
-		transport_set_verbosity(transport, option_verbosity, option_progress);
+	transport_set_verbosity(transport, option_verbosity, option_progress);
 
-		if (option_upload_pack)
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK,
-					     option_upload_pack);
-	}
+	if (option_upload_pack)
+		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK,
+				     option_upload_pack);
+
+	if (transport->smart_options && !option_depth)
+		transport->smart_options->check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 
 	refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
 
@@ -839,6 +980,10 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			our_head_points_at = remote_head_points_at;
 	}
 	else {
+		if (option_branch)
+			die(_("Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"),
+					option_branch, option_origin);
+
 		warning(_("You appear to have cloned an empty repository."));
 		mapped_refs = NULL;
 		our_head_points_at = NULL;
@@ -850,25 +995,34 @@ int cmd_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					      "refs/heads/master");
 	}
 
+	write_refspec_config(src_ref_prefix, our_head_points_at,
+			remote_head_points_at, &branch_top);
+
 	if (is_local)
 		clone_local(path, git_dir);
 	else if (refs && complete_refs_before_fetch)
 		transport_fetch_refs(transport, mapped_refs);
 
 	update_remote_refs(refs, mapped_refs, remote_head_points_at,
-			   branch_top.buf, reflog_msg.buf);
+			   branch_top.buf, reflog_msg.buf, transport, !is_local);
 
 	update_head(our_head_points_at, remote_head, reflog_msg.buf);
 
 	transport_unlock_pack(transport);
 	transport_disconnect(transport);
 
+	if (option_dissociate)
+		dissociate_from_references();
+
+	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_REPO;
 	err = checkout();
 
 	strbuf_release(&reflog_msg);
 	strbuf_release(&branch_top);
 	strbuf_release(&key);
 	strbuf_release(&value);
-	junk_pid = 0;
+	junk_mode = JUNK_LEAVE_ALL;
+
+	free(refspec);
 	return err;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/column.c b/builtin/column.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..449413c8a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/column.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "column.h"
+
+static const char * const builtin_column_usage[] = {
+	N_("git column [<options>]"),
+	NULL
+};
+static unsigned int colopts;
+
+static int column_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	return git_column_config(var, value, cb, &colopts);
+}
+
+int cmd_column(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct column_options copts;
+	const char *command = NULL, *real_command = NULL;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_STRING(0, "command", &real_command, N_("name"), N_("lookup config vars")),
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "mode", &colopts, N_("layout to use")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "raw-mode", &colopts, N_("layout to use")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "width", &copts.width, N_("Maximum width")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "indent", &copts.indent, N_("string"), N_("Padding space on left border")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "nl", &copts.nl, N_("Padding space on right border")),
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "padding", &copts.padding, N_("Padding space between columns")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	/* This one is special and must be the first one */
+	if (argc > 1 && starts_with(argv[1], "--command=")) {
+		command = argv[1] + 10;
+		git_config(column_config, (void *)command);
+	} else
+		git_config(column_config, NULL);
+
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.width = term_columns();
+	copts.padding = 1;
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, "", options, builtin_column_usage, 0);
+	if (argc)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_column_usage, options);
+	if (real_command || command) {
+		if (!real_command || !command || strcmp(real_command, command))
+			die(_("--command must be the first argument"));
+	}
+	finalize_colopts(&colopts, -1);
+	while (!strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, '\n'))
+		string_list_append(&list, sb.buf);
+
+	print_columns(&list, colopts, &copts);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/commit-tree.c b/builtin/commit-tree.c
index 164b655df9..25aa2cdef3 100644
--- a/builtin/commit-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/commit-tree.c
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 
-static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree [(-p <sha1>)...] [-S<signer>] [-m <message>] [-F <file>] <sha1> <changelog";
+static const char commit_tree_usage[] = "git commit-tree [(-p <sha1>)...] [-S[<keyid>]] [-m <message>] [-F <file>] <sha1> <changelog";
+
+static const char *sign_commit;
 
 static void new_parent(struct commit *parent, struct commit_list **parents_p)
 {
@@ -31,6 +33,10 @@ static int commit_tree_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	int status = git_gpg_config(var, value, NULL);
 	if (status)
 		return status;
+	if (!strcmp(var, "commit.gpgsign")) {
+		sign_commit = git_config_bool(var, value) ? "" : NULL;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
@@ -41,31 +47,30 @@ int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
 	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *sign_commit = NULL;
 
 	git_config(commit_tree_config, NULL);
 
 	if (argc < 2 || !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage(commit_tree_usage);
 
-	if (get_sha1(argv[1], tree_sha1))
-		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[1]);
-
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "-p")) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			if (argc <= ++i)
 				usage(commit_tree_usage);
-			if (get_sha1(argv[i], sha1))
+			if (get_sha1_commit(argv[i], sha1))
 				die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[i]);
 			assert_sha1_type(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT);
 			new_parent(lookup_commit(sha1), &parents);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!memcmp(arg, "-S", 2)) {
-			sign_commit = arg + 2;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "-S", &sign_commit))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-gpg-sign")) {
+			sign_commit = NULL;
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -104,7 +109,7 @@ int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (get_sha1(arg, tree_sha1))
+		if (get_sha1_tree(arg, tree_sha1))
 			die("Not a valid object name %s", arg);
 		if (got_tree)
 			die("Cannot give more than one trees");
@@ -116,8 +121,8 @@ int cmd_commit_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			die_errno("git commit-tree: failed to read");
 	}
 
-	if (commit_tree(&buffer, tree_sha1, parents, commit_sha1,
-			NULL, sign_commit)) {
+	if (commit_tree(buffer.buf, buffer.len, tree_sha1, parents,
+			commit_sha1, NULL, sign_commit)) {
 		strbuf_release(&buffer);
 		return 1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/commit.c b/builtin/commit.c
index 3714582e19..da79ac4bc7 100644
--- a/builtin/commit.c
+++ b/builtin/commit.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "dir.h"
@@ -27,18 +28,35 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_commit_usage[] = {
-	"git commit [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	N_("git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_status_usage[] = {
-	"git status [options] [--] <filepattern>...",
+	N_("git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static const char implicit_ident_advice[] =
+static const char implicit_ident_advice_noconfig[] =
+N_("Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n");
+
+static const char implicit_ident_advice_config[] =
 N_("Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
 "You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
@@ -60,8 +78,18 @@ N_("The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n");
+
+static const char empty_cherry_pick_advice_single[] =
+N_("Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n");
+
+static const char empty_cherry_pick_advice_multi[] =
+N_("If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n");
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n");
 
 static const char *use_message_buffer;
 static const char commit_editmsg[] = "COMMIT_EDITMSG";
@@ -99,117 +127,65 @@ static char *sign_commit;
 static enum {
 	CLEANUP_SPACE,
 	CLEANUP_NONE,
+	CLEANUP_SCISSORS,
 	CLEANUP_ALL
 } cleanup_mode;
-static char *cleanup_arg;
+static const char *cleanup_arg;
 
 static enum commit_whence whence;
+static int sequencer_in_use;
 static int use_editor = 1, include_status = 1;
-static int show_ignored_in_status;
+static int show_ignored_in_status, have_option_m;
 static const char *only_include_assumed;
 static struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-static int null_termination;
-static enum {
+static enum status_format {
+	STATUS_FORMAT_NONE = 0,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_LONG,
 	STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT,
-	STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN
-} status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_LONG;
-static int status_show_branch;
+	STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN,
+
+	STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED
+} status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 static int opt_parse_m(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	struct strbuf *buf = opt->value;
-	if (unset)
+	if (unset) {
+		have_option_m = 0;
 		strbuf_setlen(buf, 0);
-	else {
+	} else {
+		have_option_m = 1;
+		if (buf->len)
+			strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
 		strbuf_addstr(buf, arg);
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, "\n\n");
+		strbuf_complete_line(buf);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct option builtin_commit_options[] = {
-	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "suppress summary after successful commit"),
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "show diff in commit message template"),
-
-	OPT_GROUP("Commit message options"),
-	OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, "read message from file"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "author", &force_author, "author", "override author for commit"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "date", &force_date, "date", "override date for commit"),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, "message", "commit message", opt_parse_m),
-	OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, "commit", "reuse and edit message from specified commit"),
-	OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, "commit", "reuse message from specified commit"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, "commit", "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, "commit", "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
-	OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, "use specified template file"),
-	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_flag, "force edit of commit"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, "default", "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "status", &include_status, "include status in commit message template"),
-	{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, "key id",
-	  "GPG sign commit", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
-	/* end commit message options */
-
-	OPT_GROUP("Commit contents options"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all, "commit all changed files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "include", &also, "add specified files to index for commit"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "interactive", &interactive, "interactively add files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, "interactively add changes"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "only", &only, "commit only specified files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, "bypass pre-commit hook"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, "show what would be committed"),
-	OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, "show status concisely",
-		    STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "branch", &status_show_branch, "show branch information"),
-	OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
-		    "machine-readable output", STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &null_termination,
-		    "terminate entries with NUL"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "amend", &amend, "amend previous commit"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, "bypass post-rewrite hook"),
-	{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, "mode", "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
-	/* end commit contents options */
-
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty, NULL,
-	  "ok to record an empty change",
-	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message, NULL,
-	  "ok to record a change with an empty message",
-	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-
-	OPT_END()
-};
-
 static void determine_whence(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	if (file_exists(git_path("MERGE_HEAD")))
 		whence = FROM_MERGE;
-	else if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")))
+	else if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"))) {
 		whence = FROM_CHERRY_PICK;
+		if (file_exists(git_path("sequencer")))
+			sequencer_in_use = 1;
+	}
 	else
 		whence = FROM_COMMIT;
 	if (s)
 		s->whence = whence;
 }
 
-static const char *whence_s(void)
+static void status_init_config(struct wt_status *s, config_fn_t fn)
 {
-	const char *s = "";
-
-	switch (whence) {
-	case FROM_COMMIT:
-		break;
-	case FROM_MERGE:
-		s = _("merge");
-		break;
-	case FROM_CHERRY_PICK:
-		s = _("cherry-pick");
-		break;
-	}
-
-	return s;
+	wt_status_prepare(s);
+	gitmodules_config();
+	git_config(fn, s);
+	determine_whence(s);
+	s->hints = advice_status_hints; /* must come after git_config() */
 }
 
 static void rollback_index_files(void)
@@ -251,14 +227,15 @@ static int commit_index_files(void)
  * and return the paths that match the given pattern in list.
  */
 static int list_paths(struct string_list *list, const char *with_tree,
-		      const char *prefix, const char **pattern)
+		      const char *prefix, const struct pathspec *pattern)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, ret;
 	char *m;
 
-	for (i = 0; pattern[i]; i++)
-		;
-	m = xcalloc(1, i);
+	if (!pattern->nr)
+		return 0;
+
+	m = xcalloc(1, pattern->nr);
 
 	if (with_tree) {
 		char *max_prefix = common_prefix(pattern);
@@ -267,19 +244,21 @@ static int list_paths(struct string_list *list, const char *with_tree,
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
 			continue;
-		if (!match_pathspec(pattern, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, m))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, pattern, m))
 			continue;
 		item = string_list_insert(list, ce->name);
 		if (ce_skip_worktree(ce))
 			item->util = item; /* better a valid pointer than a fake one */
 	}
 
-	return report_path_error(m, pattern, prefix);
+	ret = report_path_error(m, pattern, prefix);
+	free(m);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static void add_remove_files(struct string_list *list)
@@ -339,35 +318,33 @@ static void refresh_cache_or_die(int refresh_flags)
 		die_resolve_conflict("commit");
 }
 
-static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
-			   const struct commit *current_head, int is_status)
+static const char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+				 const struct commit *current_head, int is_status)
 {
-	int fd;
 	struct string_list partial;
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
-	char *old_index_env = NULL;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int refresh_flags = REFRESH_QUIET;
 
 	if (is_status)
 		refresh_flags |= REFRESH_UNMERGED;
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	if (*argv)
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	if (read_cache_preload(pathspec) < 0)
+	if (read_cache_preload(&pathspec) < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
 	if (interactive) {
-		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+		char *old_index_env = NULL;
+		hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 
-		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    close_lock_file(&index_lock))
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
 			die(_("unable to create temporary index"));
 
 		old_index_env = getenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
-		setenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT, index_lock.filename, 1);
+		setenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT, index_lock.filename.buf, 1);
 
 		if (interactive_add(argc, argv, prefix, patch_interactive) != 0)
 			die(_("interactive add failed"));
@@ -378,10 +355,17 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 			unsetenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
 
 		discard_cache();
-		read_cache_from(index_lock.filename);
+		read_cache_from(index_lock.filename.buf);
+		if (update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT) == 0) {
+			if (reopen_lock_file(&index_lock) < 0)
+				die(_("unable to write index file"));
+			if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
+				die(_("unable to update temporary index"));
+		} else
+			warning(_("Failed to update main cache tree"));
 
 		commit_style = COMMIT_NORMAL;
-		return index_lock.filename;
+		return index_lock.filename.buf;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -396,16 +380,15 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	 * (A) if all goes well, commit the real index;
 	 * (B) on failure, rollback the real index.
 	 */
-	if (all || (also && pathspec && *pathspec)) {
-		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
-		add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, pathspec, 0);
+	if (all || (also && pathspec.nr)) {
+		hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+		add_files_to_cache(also ? prefix : NULL, &pathspec, 0);
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
 		update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT);
-		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    close_lock_file(&index_lock))
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
 			die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
 		commit_style = COMMIT_NORMAL;
-		return index_lock.filename;
+		return index_lock.filename.buf;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -417,13 +400,17 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	 * and create commit from the_index.
 	 * We still need to refresh the index here.
 	 */
-	if (!pathspec || !*pathspec) {
-		fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+	if (!only && !pathspec.nr) {
+		hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 		refresh_cache_or_die(refresh_flags);
-		if (active_cache_changed) {
+		if (active_cache_changed
+		    || !cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree)) {
 			update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT);
-			if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			    commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
+			active_cache_changed = 1;
+		}
+		if (active_cache_changed) {
+			if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock,
+					       COMMIT_LOCK))
 				die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
 		} else {
 			rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
@@ -453,42 +440,44 @@ static char *prepare_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	 */
 	commit_style = COMMIT_PARTIAL;
 
-	if (whence != FROM_COMMIT)
-		die(_("cannot do a partial commit during a %s."), whence_s());
+	if (whence != FROM_COMMIT) {
+		if (whence == FROM_MERGE)
+			die(_("cannot do a partial commit during a merge."));
+		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK)
+			die(_("cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."));
+	}
 
-	memset(&partial, 0, sizeof(partial));
-	partial.strdup_strings = 1;
-	if (list_paths(&partial, !current_head ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, pathspec))
+	string_list_init(&partial, 1);
+	if (list_paths(&partial, !current_head ? NULL : "HEAD", prefix, &pathspec))
 		exit(1);
 
 	discard_cache();
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("cannot read the index"));
 
-	fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 	add_remove_files(&partial);
 	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    close_lock_file(&index_lock))
+	update_main_cache_tree(WRITE_TREE_SILENT);
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
 		die(_("unable to write new_index file"));
 
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&false_lock,
-				       git_path("next-index-%"PRIuMAX,
-						(uintmax_t) getpid()),
-				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	hold_lock_file_for_update(&false_lock,
+				  git_path("next-index-%"PRIuMAX,
+					   (uintmax_t) getpid()),
+				  LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 
 	create_base_index(current_head);
 	add_remove_files(&partial);
 	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
 
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    close_lock_file(&false_lock))
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &false_lock, CLOSE_LOCK))
 		die(_("unable to write temporary index file"));
 
 	discard_cache();
-	read_cache_from(false_lock.filename);
+	read_cache_from(false_lock.filename.buf);
 
-	return false_lock.filename;
+	return false_lock.filename.buf;
 }
 
 static int run_status(FILE *fp, const char *index_file, const char *prefix, int nowarn,
@@ -513,11 +502,15 @@ static int run_status(FILE *fp, const char *index_file, const char *prefix, int
 
 	switch (status_format) {
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT:
-		wt_shortstatus_print(s, null_termination, status_show_branch);
+		wt_shortstatus_print(s);
 		break;
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
-		wt_porcelain_print(s, null_termination);
+		wt_porcelain_print(s);
+		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED:
+		die("BUG: finalize_deferred_config() should have been called");
 		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 		wt_status_print(s);
 		break;
@@ -531,110 +524,135 @@ static int is_a_merge(const struct commit *current_head)
 	return !!(current_head->parents && current_head->parents->next);
 }
 
-static const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
+static void assert_split_ident(struct ident_split *id, const struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (split_ident_line(id, buf->buf, buf->len) || !id->date_begin)
+		die("BUG: unable to parse our own ident: %s", buf->buf);
+}
+
+static void export_one(const char *var, const char *s, const char *e, int hack)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (hack)
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, hack);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%.*s", (int)(e - s), s);
+	setenv(var, buf.buf, 1);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static int parse_force_date(const char *in, struct strbuf *out)
+{
+	strbuf_addch(out, '@');
+
+	if (parse_date(in, out) < 0) {
+		int errors = 0;
+		unsigned long t = approxidate_careful(in, &errors);
+		if (errors)
+			return -1;
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%lu", t);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void set_ident_var(char **buf, char *val)
+{
+	free(*buf);
+	*buf = val;
+}
 
 static void determine_author_info(struct strbuf *author_ident)
 {
 	char *name, *email, *date;
+	struct ident_split author;
 
-	name = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME");
-	email = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL");
-	date = getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE");
+	name = xstrdup_or_null(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"));
+	email = xstrdup_or_null(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"));
+	date = xstrdup_or_null(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"));
 
 	if (author_message) {
-		const char *a, *lb, *rb, *eol;
+		struct ident_split ident;
 		size_t len;
+		const char *a;
 
-		a = strstr(author_message_buffer, "\nauthor ");
+		a = find_commit_header(author_message_buffer, "author", &len);
 		if (!a)
-			die(_("invalid commit: %s"), author_message);
-
-		lb = strchrnul(a + strlen("\nauthor "), '<');
-		rb = strchrnul(lb, '>');
-		eol = strchrnul(rb, '\n');
-		if (!*lb || !*rb || !*eol)
-			die(_("invalid commit: %s"), author_message);
-
-		if (lb == a + strlen("\nauthor "))
-			/* \nauthor <foo@example.com> */
-			name = xcalloc(1, 1);
-		else
-			name = xmemdupz(a + strlen("\nauthor "),
-					(lb - strlen(" ") -
-					 (a + strlen("\nauthor "))));
-		email = xmemdupz(lb + strlen("<"), rb - (lb + strlen("<")));
-		date = xmemdupz(rb + strlen("> "), eol - (rb + strlen("> ")));
-		len = eol - (rb + strlen("> "));
-		date = xmalloc(len + 2);
-		*date = '@';
-		memcpy(date + 1, rb + strlen("> "), len);
-		date[len + 1] = '\0';
+			die(_("commit '%s' lacks author header"), author_message);
+		if (split_ident_line(&ident, a, len) < 0)
+			die(_("commit '%s' has malformed author line"), author_message);
+
+		set_ident_var(&name, xmemdupz(ident.name_begin, ident.name_end - ident.name_begin));
+		set_ident_var(&email, xmemdupz(ident.mail_begin, ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin));
+
+		if (ident.date_begin) {
+			struct strbuf date_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addch(&date_buf, '@');
+			strbuf_add(&date_buf, ident.date_begin, ident.date_end - ident.date_begin);
+			strbuf_addch(&date_buf, ' ');
+			strbuf_add(&date_buf, ident.tz_begin, ident.tz_end - ident.tz_begin);
+			set_ident_var(&date, strbuf_detach(&date_buf, NULL));
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (force_author) {
-		const char *lb = strstr(force_author, " <");
-		const char *rb = strchr(force_author, '>');
+		struct ident_split ident;
 
-		if (!lb || !rb)
+		if (split_ident_line(&ident, force_author, strlen(force_author)) < 0)
 			die(_("malformed --author parameter"));
-		name = xstrndup(force_author, lb - force_author);
-		email = xstrndup(lb + 2, rb - (lb + 2));
+		set_ident_var(&name, xmemdupz(ident.name_begin, ident.name_end - ident.name_begin));
+		set_ident_var(&email, xmemdupz(ident.mail_begin, ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin));
 	}
 
-	if (force_date)
-		date = force_date;
-	strbuf_addstr(author_ident, fmt_ident(name, email, date,
-					      IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME));
-}
-
-static int ends_rfc2822_footer(struct strbuf *sb)
-{
-	int ch;
-	int hit = 0;
-	int i, j, k;
-	int len = sb->len;
-	int first = 1;
-	const char *buf = sb->buf;
-
-	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
-		if (hit && buf[i] == '\n')
-			break;
-		hit = (buf[i] == '\n');
+	if (force_date) {
+		struct strbuf date_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (parse_force_date(force_date, &date_buf))
+			die(_("invalid date format: %s"), force_date);
+		set_ident_var(&date, strbuf_detach(&date_buf, NULL));
 	}
 
-	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
-		i++;
+	strbuf_addstr(author_ident, fmt_ident(name, email, date, IDENT_STRICT));
+	assert_split_ident(&author, author_ident);
+	export_one("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME", author.name_begin, author.name_end, 0);
+	export_one("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL", author.mail_begin, author.mail_end, 0);
+	export_one("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE", author.date_begin, author.tz_end, '@');
+	free(name);
+	free(email);
+	free(date);
+}
 
-	for (; i < len; i = k) {
-		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
-			; /* do nothing */
-		k++;
+static int author_date_is_interesting(void)
+{
+	return author_message || force_date;
+}
 
-		if ((buf[k] == ' ' || buf[k] == '\t') && !first)
-			continue;
+static void adjust_comment_line_char(const struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	char candidates[] = "#;@!$%^&|:";
+	char *candidate;
+	const char *p;
 
-		first = 0;
+	comment_line_char = candidates[0];
+	if (!memchr(sb->buf, comment_line_char, sb->len))
+		return;
 
-		for (j = 0; i + j < len; j++) {
-			ch = buf[i + j];
-			if (ch == ':')
-				break;
-			if (isalnum(ch) ||
-			    (ch == '-'))
-				continue;
-			return 0;
+	p = sb->buf;
+	candidate = strchr(candidates, *p);
+	if (candidate)
+		*candidate = ' ';
+	for (p = sb->buf; *p; p++) {
+		if ((p[0] == '\n' || p[0] == '\r') && p[1]) {
+			candidate = strchr(candidates, p[1]);
+			if (candidate)
+				*candidate = ' ';
 		}
 	}
-	return 1;
-}
 
-static char *cut_ident_timestamp_part(char *string)
-{
-	char *ket = strrchr(string, '>');
-	if (!ket || ket[1] != ' ')
-		die(_("Malformed ident string: '%s'"), string);
-	*++ket = '\0';
-	return ket;
+	for (p = candidates; *p == ' '; p++)
+		;
+	if (!*p)
+		die(_("unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+		      "in the current commit message"));
+	comment_line_char = *p;
 }
 
 static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
@@ -644,15 +662,17 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 {
 	struct stat statbuf;
 	struct strbuf committer_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int commitable, saved_color_setting;
+	int commitable;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	char *buffer;
 	const char *hook_arg1 = NULL;
 	const char *hook_arg2 = NULL;
-	int ident_shown = 0;
 	int clean_message_contents = (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE);
+	int old_display_comment_prefix;
 
-	if (!no_verify && run_hook(index_file, "pre-commit", NULL))
+	/* This checks and barfs if author is badly specified */
+	determine_author_info(author_ident);
+
+	if (!no_verify && run_commit_hook(use_editor, index_file, "pre-commit", NULL))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (squash_message) {
@@ -689,10 +709,10 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 				  logfile);
 		hook_arg1 = "message";
 	} else if (use_message) {
+		char *buffer;
 		buffer = strstr(use_message_buffer, "\n\n");
-		if (!buffer || buffer[2] == '\0')
-			die(_("commit has empty message"));
-		strbuf_add(&sb, buffer + 2, strlen(buffer + 2));
+		if (buffer)
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, buffer + 2);
 		hook_arg1 = "commit";
 		hook_arg2 = use_message;
 	} else if (fixup_message) {
@@ -745,96 +765,114 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 	if (s->fp == NULL)
 		die_errno(_("could not open '%s'"), git_path(commit_editmsg));
 
+	/* Ignore status.displayCommentPrefix: we do need comments in COMMIT_EDITMSG. */
+	old_display_comment_prefix = s->display_comment_prefix;
+	s->display_comment_prefix = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Most hints are counter-productive when the commit has
+	 * already started.
+	 */
+	s->hints = 0;
+
 	if (clean_message_contents)
 		stripspace(&sb, 0);
 
-	if (signoff) {
-		struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int i;
-
-		strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
-		strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
-					     getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
-		strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');
-		for (i = sb.len - 1; i > 0 && sb.buf[i - 1] != '\n'; i--)
-			; /* do nothing */
-		if (prefixcmp(sb.buf + i, sob.buf)) {
-			if (!i || !ends_rfc2822_footer(&sb))
-				strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
-			strbuf_addbuf(&sb, &sob);
-		}
-		strbuf_release(&sob);
-	}
+	if (signoff)
+		append_signoff(&sb, ignore_non_trailer(&sb), 0);
 
 	if (fwrite(sb.buf, 1, sb.len, s->fp) < sb.len)
 		die_errno(_("could not write commit template"));
 
+	if (auto_comment_line_char)
+		adjust_comment_line_char(&sb);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
-	/* This checks and barfs if author is badly specified */
-	determine_author_info(author_ident);
-
 	/* This checks if committer ident is explicitly given */
-	strbuf_addstr(&committer_ident, git_committer_info(0));
+	strbuf_addstr(&committer_ident, git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT));
 	if (use_editor && include_status) {
-		char *ai_tmp, *ci_tmp;
-		if (whence != FROM_COMMIT)
+		int ident_shown = 0;
+		int saved_color_setting;
+		struct ident_split ci, ai;
+
+		if (whence != FROM_COMMIT) {
+			if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_SCISSORS)
+				wt_status_add_cut_line(s->fp);
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
-				_("\n"
-				"It looks like you may be committing a %s.\n"
-				"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
-				"	%s\n"
-				"and try again.\n"
-				""),
-				whence_s(),
+			    whence == FROM_MERGE
+				? _("\n"
+					"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+					"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+					"	%s\n"
+					"and try again.\n")
+				: _("\n"
+					"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+					"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+					"	%s\n"
+					"and try again.\n"),
 				git_path(whence == FROM_MERGE
 					 ? "MERGE_HEAD"
 					 : "CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
+		}
 
 		fprintf(s->fp, "\n");
-		status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
-			_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."));
 		if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
-			status_printf_more(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
-				_(" Lines starting\n"
-				"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty"
-				" message aborts the commit.\n"));
+			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+				  " Lines starting\nwith '%c' will be ignored, and an empty"
+				  " message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
+		else if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_SCISSORS && whence == FROM_COMMIT)
+			wt_status_add_cut_line(s->fp);
 		else /* CLEANUP_SPACE, that is. */
-			status_printf_more(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
-				_(" Lines starting\n"
-				"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
-				" yourself if you want to.\n"
-				"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"));
+			status_printf(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+				_("Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+				  " Lines starting\n"
+				  "with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them"
+				  " yourself if you want to.\n"
+				  "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"), comment_line_char);
 		if (only_include_assumed)
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 					"%s", only_include_assumed);
 
-		ai_tmp = cut_ident_timestamp_part(author_ident->buf);
-		ci_tmp = cut_ident_timestamp_part(committer_ident.buf);
-		if (strcmp(author_ident->buf, committer_ident.buf))
+		/*
+		 * These should never fail because they come from our own
+		 * fmt_ident. They may fail the sane_ident test, but we know
+		 * that the name and mail pointers will at least be valid,
+		 * which is enough for our tests and printing here.
+		 */
+		assert_split_ident(&ai, author_ident);
+		assert_split_ident(&ci, &committer_ident);
+
+		if (ident_cmp(&ai, &ci))
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("%s"
-				"Author:    %s"),
+				"Author:    %.*s <%.*s>"),
 				ident_shown++ ? "" : "\n",
-				author_ident->buf);
+				(int)(ai.name_end - ai.name_begin), ai.name_begin,
+				(int)(ai.mail_end - ai.mail_begin), ai.mail_begin);
 
-		if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given())
+		if (author_date_is_interesting())
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
 				_("%s"
-				"Committer: %s"),
+				"Date:      %s"),
 				ident_shown++ ? "" : "\n",
-				committer_ident.buf);
+				show_ident_date(&ai, DATE_NORMAL));
+
+		if (!committer_ident_sufficiently_given())
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+				_("%s"
+				"Committer: %.*s <%.*s>"),
+				ident_shown++ ? "" : "\n",
+				(int)(ci.name_end - ci.name_begin), ci.name_begin,
+				(int)(ci.mail_end - ci.mail_begin), ci.mail_begin);
 
 		if (ident_shown)
-			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "");
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "%s", "");
 
 		saved_color_setting = s->use_color;
 		s->use_color = 0;
 		commitable = run_status(s->fp, index_file, prefix, 1, s);
 		s->use_color = saved_color_setting;
-
-		*ai_tmp = ' ';
-		*ci_tmp = ' ';
 	} else {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		const char *parent = "HEAD";
@@ -847,8 +885,22 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 
 		if (get_sha1(parent, sha1))
 			commitable = !!active_nr;
-		else
-			commitable = index_differs_from(parent, 0);
+		else {
+			/*
+			 * Unless the user did explicitly request a submodule
+			 * ignore mode by passing a command line option we do
+			 * not ignore any changed submodule SHA-1s when
+			 * comparing index and parent, no matter what is
+			 * configured. Otherwise we won't commit any
+			 * submodules which were manually staged, which would
+			 * be really confusing.
+			 */
+			int diff_flags = DIFF_OPT_OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG;
+			if (ignore_submodule_arg &&
+			    !strcmp(ignore_submodule_arg, "all"))
+				diff_flags |= DIFF_OPT_IGNORE_SUBMODULES;
+			commitable = index_differs_from(parent, diff_flags);
+		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&committer_ident);
 
@@ -861,11 +913,17 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 	 */
 	if (!commitable && whence != FROM_MERGE && !allow_empty &&
 	    !(amend && is_a_merge(current_head))) {
+		s->display_comment_prefix = old_display_comment_prefix;
 		run_status(stdout, index_file, prefix, 0, s);
 		if (amend)
 			fputs(_(empty_amend_advice), stderr);
-		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK)
+		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK) {
 			fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice), stderr);
+			if (!sequencer_in_use)
+				fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice_single), stderr);
+			else
+				fputs(_(empty_cherry_pick_advice_multi), stderr);
+		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -881,8 +939,8 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (run_hook(index_file, "prepare-commit-msg",
-		     git_path(commit_editmsg), hook_arg1, hook_arg2, NULL))
+	if (run_commit_hook(use_editor, index_file, "prepare-commit-msg",
+			    git_path(commit_editmsg), hook_arg1, hook_arg2, NULL))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (use_editor) {
@@ -898,34 +956,17 @@ static int prepare_to_commit(const char *index_file, const char *prefix,
 	}
 
 	if (!no_verify &&
-	    run_hook(index_file, "commit-msg", git_path(commit_editmsg), NULL)) {
+	    run_commit_hook(use_editor, index_file, "commit-msg", git_path(commit_editmsg), NULL)) {
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	return 1;
 }
 
-/*
- * Find out if the message in the strbuf contains only whitespace and
- * Signed-off-by lines.
- */
-static int message_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb)
+static int rest_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb, int start)
 {
-	struct strbuf tmpl = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, eol;
 	const char *nl;
-	int eol, i, start = 0;
-
-	if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_NONE && sb->len)
-		return 0;
-
-	/* See if the template is just a prefix of the message. */
-	if (template_file && strbuf_read_file(&tmpl, template_file, 0) > 0) {
-		stripspace(&tmpl, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
-		if (start + tmpl.len <= sb->len &&
-		    memcmp(tmpl.buf, sb->buf + start, tmpl.len) == 0)
-			start += tmpl.len;
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&tmpl);
 
 	/* Check if the rest is just whitespace and Signed-of-by's. */
 	for (i = start; i < sb->len; i++) {
@@ -936,7 +977,7 @@ static int message_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb)
 			eol = sb->len;
 
 		if (strlen(sign_off_header) <= eol - i &&
-		    !prefixcmp(sb->buf + i, sign_off_header)) {
+		    starts_with(sb->buf + i, sign_off_header)) {
 			i = eol;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -948,11 +989,45 @@ static int message_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb)
 	return 1;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Find out if the message in the strbuf contains only whitespace and
+ * Signed-off-by lines.
+ */
+static int message_is_empty(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_NONE && sb->len)
+		return 0;
+	return rest_is_empty(sb, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * See if the user edited the message in the editor or left what
+ * was in the template intact
+ */
+static int template_untouched(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	struct strbuf tmpl = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *start;
+
+	if (cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_NONE && sb->len)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!template_file || strbuf_read_file(&tmpl, template_file, 0) <= 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	stripspace(&tmpl, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
+	if (!skip_prefix(sb->buf, tmpl.buf, &start))
+		start = sb->buf;
+	strbuf_release(&tmpl);
+	return rest_is_empty(sb, start - sb->buf);
+}
+
 static const char *find_author_by_nickname(const char *name)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list mailmap = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	const char *av[20];
 	int ac = 0;
 
@@ -963,16 +1038,21 @@ static const char *find_author_by_nickname(const char *name)
 	av[++ac] = buf.buf;
 	av[++ac] = NULL;
 	setup_revisions(ac, av, &revs, NULL);
-	prepare_revision_walk(&revs);
+	revs.mailmap = &mailmap;
+	read_mailmap(revs.mailmap, NULL);
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 	commit = get_revision(&revs);
 	if (commit) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
-		format_commit_message(commit, "%an <%ae>", &buf, &ctx);
+		format_commit_message(commit, "%aN <%aE>", &buf, &ctx);
+		clear_mailmap(&mailmap);
 		return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 	}
-	die(_("No existing author found with '%s'"), name);
+	die(_("--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"), name);
 }
 
 
@@ -992,27 +1072,54 @@ static void handle_untracked_files_arg(struct wt_status *s)
 
 static const char *read_commit_message(const char *name)
 {
-	const char *out_enc, *out;
+	const char *out_enc;
 	struct commit *commit;
 
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference_by_name(name);
 	if (!commit)
 		die(_("could not lookup commit %s"), name);
 	out_enc = get_commit_output_encoding();
-	out = logmsg_reencode(commit, out_enc);
+	return logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, out_enc);
+}
 
-	/*
-	 * If we failed to reencode the buffer, just copy it
-	 * byte for byte so the user can try to fix it up.
-	 * This also handles the case where input and output
-	 * encodings are identical.
-	 */
-	if (out == NULL)
-		out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
-	return out;
+/*
+ * Enumerate what needs to be propagated when --porcelain
+ * is not in effect here.
+ */
+static struct status_deferred_config {
+	enum status_format status_format;
+	int show_branch;
+} status_deferred_config = {
+	STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED,
+	-1 /* unspecified */
+};
+
+static void finalize_deferred_config(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int use_deferred_config = (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN &&
+				   !s->null_termination);
+
+	if (s->null_termination) {
+		if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_NONE ||
+		    status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+			status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+		else if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+			die(_("--long and -z are incompatible"));
+	}
+
+	if (use_deferred_config && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+		status_format = status_deferred_config.status_format;
+	if (status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED)
+		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE;
+
+	if (use_deferred_config && s->show_branch < 0)
+		s->show_branch = status_deferred_config.show_branch;
+	if (s->show_branch < 0)
+		s->show_branch = 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
+				      const struct option *options,
 				      const char * const usage[],
 				      const char *prefix,
 				      struct commit *current_head,
@@ -1020,8 +1127,8 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 {
 	int f = 0;
 
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_commit_options, usage,
-			     0);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
+	finalize_deferred_config(s);
 
 	if (force_author && !strchr(force_author, '>'))
 		force_author = find_author_by_nickname(force_author);
@@ -1029,18 +1136,20 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	if (force_author && renew_authorship)
 		die(_("Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"));
 
-	if (logfile || message.len || use_message || fixup_message)
+	if (logfile || have_option_m || use_message || fixup_message)
 		use_editor = 0;
 	if (0 <= edit_flag)
 		use_editor = edit_flag;
-	if (!use_editor)
-		setenv("GIT_EDITOR", ":", 1);
 
 	/* Sanity check options */
 	if (amend && !current_head)
 		die(_("You have nothing to amend."));
-	if (amend && whence != FROM_COMMIT)
-		die(_("You are in the middle of a %s -- cannot amend."), whence_s());
+	if (amend && whence != FROM_COMMIT) {
+		if (whence == FROM_MERGE)
+			die(_("You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."));
+		else if (whence == FROM_CHERRY_PICK)
+			die(_("You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."));
+	}
 	if (fixup_message && squash_message)
 		die(_("Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"));
 	if (use_message)
@@ -1055,6 +1164,8 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 		die(_("Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."));
 	if (message.len && f > 0)
 		die((_("Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup.")));
+	if (f || message.len)
+		template_file = NULL;
 	if (edit_message)
 		use_message = edit_message;
 	if (amend && !use_message && !fixup_message)
@@ -1076,14 +1187,14 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	if (patch_interactive)
 		interactive = 1;
 
-	if (!!also + !!only + !!all + !!interactive > 1)
+	if (also + only + all + interactive > 1)
 		die(_("Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."));
 	if (argc == 0 && (also || (only && !amend)))
 		die(_("No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."));
 	if (argc == 0 && only && amend)
 		only_include_assumed = _("Clever... amending the last one with dirty index.");
 	if (argc > 0 && !also && !only)
-		only_include_assumed = _("Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths...");
+		only_include_assumed = _("Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths...");
 	if (!cleanup_arg || !strcmp(cleanup_arg, "default"))
 		cleanup_mode = use_editor ? CLEANUP_ALL : CLEANUP_SPACE;
 	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "verbatim"))
@@ -1092,6 +1203,8 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 		cleanup_mode = CLEANUP_SPACE;
 	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "strip"))
 		cleanup_mode = CLEANUP_ALL;
+	else if (!strcmp(cleanup_arg, "scissors"))
+		cleanup_mode = use_editor ? CLEANUP_SCISSORS : CLEANUP_SPACE;
 	else
 		die(_("Invalid cleanup mode %s"), cleanup_arg);
 
@@ -1100,9 +1213,7 @@ static int parse_and_validate_options(int argc, const char *argv[],
 	if (all && argc > 0)
 		die(_("Paths with -a does not make sense."));
 
-	if (null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
-		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
-	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
+	if (status_format != STATUS_FORMAT_NONE)
 		dry_run = 1;
 
 	return argc;
@@ -1121,22 +1232,21 @@ static int dry_run_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	return commitable ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
-static int parse_status_slot(const char *var, int offset)
+static int parse_status_slot(const char *slot)
 {
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "header"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "header"))
 		return WT_STATUS_HEADER;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "branch"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "branch"))
 		return WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "updated")
-		|| !strcasecmp(var+offset, "added"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "updated") || !strcasecmp(slot, "added"))
 		return WT_STATUS_UPDATED;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "changed"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "changed"))
 		return WT_STATUS_CHANGED;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "untracked"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "untracked"))
 		return WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "nobranch"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "nobranch"))
 		return WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+offset, "unmerged"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(slot, "unmerged"))
 		return WT_STATUS_UNMERGED;
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -1144,7 +1254,10 @@ static int parse_status_slot(const char *var, int offset)
 static int git_status_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 {
 	struct wt_status *s = cb;
+	const char *slot_name;
 
+	if (starts_with(k, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(k, v, "status", &s->colopts);
 	if (!strcmp(k, "status.submodulesummary")) {
 		int is_bool;
 		s->submodule_summary = git_config_bool_or_int(k, v, &is_bool);
@@ -1152,18 +1265,33 @@ static int git_status_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 			s->submodule_summary = -1;
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.short")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(k, v))
+			status_deferred_config.status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT;
+		else
+			status_deferred_config.status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.branch")) {
+		status_deferred_config.show_branch = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "status.color") || !strcmp(k, "color.status")) {
 		s->use_color = git_config_colorbool(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(k, "status.color.") || !prefixcmp(k, "color.status.")) {
-		int slot = parse_status_slot(k, 13);
+	if (!strcmp(k, "status.displaycommentprefix")) {
+		s->display_comment_prefix = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (skip_prefix(k, "status.color.", &slot_name) ||
+	    skip_prefix(k, "color.status.", &slot_name)) {
+		int slot = parse_status_slot(slot_name);
 		if (slot < 0)
 			return 0;
 		if (!v)
 			return config_error_nonbool(k);
-		color_parse(v, k, s->color_palette[slot]);
-		return 0;
+		return color_parse(v, s->color_palette[slot]);
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "status.relativepaths")) {
 		s->relative_paths = git_config_bool(k, v);
@@ -1187,54 +1315,55 @@ static int git_status_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 
 int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	struct wt_status s;
+	static struct wt_status s;
 	int fd;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	static struct option builtin_status_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('s', "short", &status_format,
-			    "show status concisely", STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('b', "branch", &status_show_branch,
-			    "show branch information"),
+			    N_("show status concisely"), STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', "branch", &s.show_branch,
+			 N_("show branch information")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
-			    "machine-readable output",
+			    N_("machine-readable output"),
 			    STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &null_termination,
-			    "terminate entries with NUL"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
+			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
+			 N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg,
-		  "mode",
-		  "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)",
+		  N_("mode"),
+		  N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignored", &show_ignored_in_status,
-			    "show ignored files"),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "ignore-submodules", &ignore_submodule_arg, "when",
-		  "ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. (Default: all)",
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignored", &show_ignored_in_status,
+			 N_("show ignored files")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "ignore-submodules", &ignore_submodule_arg, N_("when"),
+		  N_("ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. (Default: all)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &s.colopts, N_("list untracked files in columns")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_status_usage, builtin_status_options);
 
-	wt_status_prepare(&s);
-	gitmodules_config();
-	git_config(git_status_config, &s);
-	determine_whence(&s);
+	status_init_config(&s, git_status_config);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_status_options,
 			     builtin_status_usage, 0);
-
-	if (null_termination && status_format == STATUS_FORMAT_LONG)
-		status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN;
+	finalize_colopts(&s.colopts, -1);
+	finalize_deferred_config(&s);
 
 	handle_untracked_files_arg(&s);
 	if (show_ignored_in_status)
 		s.show_ignored_files = 1;
-	if (*argv)
-		s.pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+	parse_pathspec(&s.pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
-	read_cache_preload(s.pathspec);
-	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+	read_cache_preload(&s.pathspec);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, &s.pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
 	fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
 	if (0 <= fd)
@@ -1249,11 +1378,15 @@ int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	switch (status_format) {
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT:
-		wt_shortstatus_print(&s, null_termination, status_show_branch);
+		wt_shortstatus_print(&s);
 		break;
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
-		wt_porcelain_print(&s, null_termination);
+		wt_porcelain_print(&s);
 		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED:
+		die("BUG: finalize_deferred_config() should have been called");
+		break;
+	case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 	case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 		s.verbose = verbose;
 		s.ignore_submodule_arg = ignore_submodule_arg;
@@ -1263,6 +1396,24 @@ int cmd_status(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static const char *implicit_ident_advice(void)
+{
+	char *user_config = NULL;
+	char *xdg_config = NULL;
+	int config_exists;
+
+	home_config_paths(&user_config, &xdg_config, "config");
+	config_exists = file_exists(user_config) || file_exists(xdg_config);
+	free(user_config);
+	free(xdg_config);
+
+	if (config_exists)
+		return _(implicit_ident_advice_config);
+	else
+		return _(implicit_ident_advice_noconfig);
+
+}
+
 static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1,
 			  int initial_commit)
 {
@@ -1278,7 +1429,7 @@ static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
 	if (!commit)
 		die(_("couldn't look up newly created commit"));
-	if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
 		die(_("could not parse newly created commit"));
 
 	strbuf_addstr(&format, "format:%h] %s");
@@ -1289,12 +1440,19 @@ static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1,
 		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Author: ");
 		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &author_ident);
 	}
-	if (!user_ident_sufficiently_given()) {
+	if (author_date_is_interesting()) {
+		struct strbuf date = STRBUF_INIT;
+		format_commit_message(commit, "%ad", &date, &pctx);
+		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Date: ");
+		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &date);
+		strbuf_release(&date);
+	}
+	if (!committer_ident_sufficiently_given()) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&format, "\n Committer: ");
 		strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(&format, &committer_ident);
 		if (advice_implicit_identity) {
 			strbuf_addch(&format, '\n');
-			strbuf_addstr(&format, _(implicit_ident_advice));
+			strbuf_addstr(&format, implicit_ident_advice());
 		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&author_ident);
@@ -1315,14 +1473,12 @@ static void print_summary(const char *prefix, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	rev.diffopt.break_opt = 0;
 	diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
 
-	head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", junk_sha1, 0, NULL);
-	printf("[%s%s ",
-		!prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/") ?
-			head + 11 :
-			!strcmp(head, "HEAD") ?
-				_("detached HEAD") :
-				head,
-		initial_commit ? _(" (root-commit)") : "");
+	head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, junk_sha1, NULL);
+	if (!strcmp(head, "HEAD"))
+		head = _("detached HEAD");
+	else
+		skip_prefix(head, "refs/heads/", &head);
+	printf("[%s%s ", head, initial_commit ? _(" (root-commit)") : "");
 
 	if (!log_tree_commit(&rev, commit)) {
 		rev.always_show_header = 1;
@@ -1344,6 +1500,12 @@ static int git_commit_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 		include_status = git_config_bool(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.cleanup"))
+		return git_config_string(&cleanup_arg, k, v);
+	if (!strcmp(k, "commit.gpgsign")) {
+		sign_commit = git_config_bool(k, v) ? "" : NULL;
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	status = git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
 	if (status)
@@ -1351,26 +1513,23 @@ static int git_commit_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 	return git_status_config(k, v, s);
 }
 
-static const char post_rewrite_hook[] = "hooks/post-rewrite";
-
 static int run_rewrite_hook(const unsigned char *oldsha1,
 			    const unsigned char *newsha1)
 {
 	/* oldsha1 SP newsha1 LF NUL */
 	static char buf[2*40 + 3];
-	struct child_process proc;
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[3];
 	int code;
 	size_t n;
 
-	if (access(git_path(post_rewrite_hook), X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook("post-rewrite");
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = git_path(post_rewrite_hook);
 	argv[1] = "amend";
 	argv[2] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
 	proc.argv = argv;
 	proc.in = -1;
 	proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
@@ -1385,36 +1544,114 @@ static int run_rewrite_hook(const unsigned char *oldsha1,
 	return finish_command(&proc);
 }
 
+int run_commit_hook(int editor_is_used, const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
+{
+	const char *hook_env[3] =  { NULL };
+	char index[PATH_MAX];
+	va_list args;
+	int ret;
+
+	snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
+	hook_env[0] = index;
+
+	/*
+	 * Let the hook know that no editor will be launched.
+	 */
+	if (!editor_is_used)
+		hook_env[1] = "GIT_EDITOR=:";
+
+	va_start(args, name);
+	ret = run_hook_ve(hook_env, name, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	static struct wt_status s;
+	static struct option builtin_commit_options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress summary after successful commit")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("show diff in commit message template")),
+
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Commit message options")),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &logfile, N_("read message from file")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "author", &force_author, N_("author"), N_("override author for commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "date", &force_date, N_("date"), N_("override date for commit")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &message, N_("message"), N_("commit message"), opt_parse_m),
+		OPT_STRING('c', "reedit-message", &edit_message, N_("commit"), N_("reuse and edit message from specified commit")),
+		OPT_STRING('C', "reuse-message", &use_message, N_("commit"), N_("reuse message from specified commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "fixup", &fixup_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "squash", &squash_message, N_("commit"), N_("use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "reset-author", &renew_authorship, N_("the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_FILENAME('t', "template", &template_file, N_("use specified template file")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &edit_flag, N_("force edit of commit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("default"), N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "status", &include_status, N_("include status in commit message template")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key-id"),
+		  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
+		/* end commit message options */
+
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Commit contents options")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all, N_("commit all changed files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "include", &also, N_("add specified files to index for commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "interactive", &interactive, N_("interactively add files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_interactive, N_("interactively add changes")),
+		OPT_BOOL('o', "only", &only, N_("commit only specified files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-verify", &no_verify, N_("bypass pre-commit hook")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run, N_("show what would be committed")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "short", &status_format, N_("show status concisely"),
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "branch", &s.show_branch, N_("show branch information")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "porcelain", &status_format,
+			    N_("machine-readable output"), STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "long", &status_format,
+			    N_("show status in long format (default)"),
+			    STATUS_FORMAT_LONG),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &s.null_termination,
+			 N_("terminate entries with NUL")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "amend", &amend, N_("amend previous commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-post-rewrite", &no_post_rewrite, N_("bypass post-rewrite hook")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 'u', "untracked-files", &untracked_files_arg, N_("mode"), N_("show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)"all" },
+		/* end commit contents options */
+
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty,
+				N_("ok to record an empty change")),
+		OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(0, "allow-empty-message", &allow_empty_message,
+				N_("ok to record a change with an empty message")),
+
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf author_ident = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *index_file, *reflog_msg;
-	char *nl, *p;
+	char *nl;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
 	struct commit_list *parents = NULL, **pptr = &parents;
 	struct stat statbuf;
-	int allow_fast_forward = 1;
-	struct wt_status s;
 	struct commit *current_head = NULL;
 	struct commit_extra_header *extra = NULL;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_commit_usage, builtin_commit_options);
 
-	wt_status_prepare(&s);
-	git_config(git_commit_config, &s);
-	determine_whence(&s);
+	status_init_config(&s, git_commit_config);
+	status_format = STATUS_FORMAT_NONE; /* Ignore status.short */
+	s.colopts = 0;
 
 	if (get_sha1("HEAD", sha1))
 		current_head = NULL;
 	else {
 		current_head = lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, "HEAD");
-		if (!current_head || parse_commit(current_head))
+		if (parse_commit(current_head))
 			die(_("could not parse HEAD commit"));
 	}
-	argc = parse_and_validate_options(argc, argv, builtin_commit_usage,
+	argc = parse_and_validate_options(argc, argv, builtin_commit_options,
+					  builtin_commit_usage,
 					  prefix, current_head, &s);
 	if (dry_run)
 		return dry_run_commit(argc, argv, prefix, current_head, &s);
@@ -1443,6 +1680,7 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	} else if (whence == FROM_MERGE) {
 		struct strbuf m = STRBUF_INIT;
 		FILE *fp;
+		int allow_fast_forward = 1;
 
 		if (!reflog_msg)
 			reflog_msg = "commit (merge)";
@@ -1485,15 +1723,17 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		die(_("could not read commit message: %s"), strerror(saved_errno));
 	}
 
-	/* Truncate the message just before the diff, if any. */
-	if (verbose) {
-		p = strstr(sb.buf, "\ndiff --git ");
-		if (p != NULL)
-			strbuf_setlen(&sb, p - sb.buf + 1);
-	}
+	if (verbose || /* Truncate the message just before the diff, if any. */
+	    cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_SCISSORS)
+		wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(&sb);
 
 	if (cleanup_mode != CLEANUP_NONE)
 		stripspace(&sb, cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL);
+	if (template_untouched(&sb) && !allow_empty_message) {
+		rollback_index_files();
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"));
+		exit(1);
+	}
 	if (message_is_empty(&sb) && !allow_empty_message) {
 		rollback_index_files();
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"));
@@ -1508,20 +1748,14 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		append_merge_tag_headers(parents, &tail);
 	}
 
-	if (commit_tree_extended(&sb, active_cache_tree->sha1, parents, sha1,
-				 author_ident.buf, sign_commit, extra)) {
+	if (commit_tree_extended(sb.buf, sb.len, active_cache_tree->sha1,
+			 parents, sha1, author_ident.buf, sign_commit, extra)) {
 		rollback_index_files();
 		die(_("failed to write commit object"));
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&author_ident);
 	free_commit_extra_headers(extra);
 
-	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD",
-					   !current_head
-					   ? NULL
-					   : current_head->object.sha1,
-					   0);
-
 	nl = strchr(sb.buf, '\n');
 	if (nl)
 		strbuf_setlen(&sb, nl + 1 - sb.buf);
@@ -1530,14 +1764,17 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	strbuf_insert(&sb, 0, reflog_msg, strlen(reflog_msg));
 	strbuf_insert(&sb, strlen(reflog_msg), ": ", 2);
 
-	if (!ref_lock) {
-		rollback_index_files();
-		die(_("cannot lock HEAD ref"));
-	}
-	if (write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, sha1, sb.buf) < 0) {
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, "HEAD", sha1,
+				   current_head
+				   ? current_head->object.sha1 : null_sha1,
+				   0, sb.buf, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
 		rollback_index_files();
-		die(_("cannot update HEAD ref"));
+		die("%s", err.buf);
 	}
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
 
 	unlink(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"));
 	unlink(git_path("REVERT_HEAD"));
@@ -1548,23 +1785,24 @@ int cmd_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (commit_index_files())
 		die (_("Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
-		     "new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
+		     "new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
 		     "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."));
 
 	rerere(0);
-	run_hook(get_index_file(), "post-commit", NULL);
+	run_commit_hook(use_editor, get_index_file(), "post-commit", NULL);
 	if (amend && !no_post_rewrite) {
 		struct notes_rewrite_cfg *cfg;
 		cfg = init_copy_notes_for_rewrite("amend");
 		if (cfg) {
 			/* we are amending, so current_head is not NULL */
 			copy_note_for_rewrite(cfg, current_head->object.sha1, sha1);
-			finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(cfg);
+			finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(cfg, "Notes added by 'git commit --amend'");
 		}
 		run_rewrite_hook(current_head->object.sha1, sha1);
 	}
 	if (!quiet)
 		print_summary(prefix, sha1, !current_head);
 
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/config.c b/builtin/config.c
index d41a9bfb14..d32c5327e5 100644
--- a/builtin/config.c
+++ b/builtin/config.c
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
 
 static const char *const builtin_config_usage[] = {
-	"git config [options]",
+	N_("git config [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -15,13 +16,12 @@ static int show_keys;
 static int use_key_regexp;
 static int do_all;
 static int do_not_match;
-static int seen;
 static char delim = '=';
 static char key_delim = ' ';
 static char term = '\n';
 
 static int use_global_config, use_system_config, use_local_config;
-static const char *given_config_file;
+static struct git_config_source given_config_source;
 static int actions, types;
 static const char *get_color_slot, *get_colorbool_slot;
 static int end_null;
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ static int respect_includes = -1;
 #define ACTION_SET_ALL (1<<12)
 #define ACTION_GET_COLOR (1<<13)
 #define ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL (1<<14)
+#define ACTION_GET_URLMATCH (1<<15)
 
 #define TYPE_BOOL (1<<0)
 #define TYPE_INT (1<<1)
@@ -49,33 +50,35 @@ static int respect_includes = -1;
 #define TYPE_PATH (1<<3)
 
 static struct option builtin_config_options[] = {
-	OPT_GROUP("Config file location"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "global", &use_global_config, "use global config file"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "system", &use_system_config, "use system config file"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "local", &use_local_config, "use repository config file"),
-	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_file, "file", "use given config file"),
-	OPT_GROUP("Action"),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "get", &actions, "get value: name [value-regex]", ACTION_GET),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "get-all", &actions, "get all values: key [value-regex]", ACTION_GET_ALL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "get-regexp", &actions, "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]", ACTION_GET_REGEXP),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "replace-all", &actions, "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]", ACTION_REPLACE_ALL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "add", &actions, "adds a new variable: name value", ACTION_ADD),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "unset", &actions, "removes a variable: name [value-regex]", ACTION_UNSET),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "unset-all", &actions, "removes all matches: name [value-regex]", ACTION_UNSET_ALL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "rename-section", &actions, "rename section: old-name new-name", ACTION_RENAME_SECTION),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "remove-section", &actions, "remove a section: name", ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION),
-	OPT_BIT('l', "list", &actions, "list all", ACTION_LIST),
-	OPT_BIT('e', "edit", &actions, "opens an editor", ACTION_EDIT),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "get-color", &get_color_slot, "slot", "find the color configured: [default]"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "get-colorbool", &get_colorbool_slot, "slot", "find the color setting: [stdout-is-tty]"),
-	OPT_GROUP("Type"),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "bool", &types, "value is \"true\" or \"false\"", TYPE_BOOL),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "int", &types, "value is decimal number", TYPE_INT),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "bool-or-int", &types, "value is --bool or --int", TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT),
-	OPT_BIT(0, "path", &types, "value is a path (file or directory name)", TYPE_PATH),
-	OPT_GROUP("Other"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &end_null, "terminate values with NUL byte"),
-	OPT_BOOL(0, "includes", &respect_includes, "respect include directives on lookup"),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Config file location")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "global", &use_global_config, N_("use global config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "system", &use_system_config, N_("use system config file")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "local", &use_local_config, N_("use repository config file")),
+	OPT_STRING('f', "file", &given_config_source.file, N_("file"), N_("use given config file")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "blob", &given_config_source.blob, N_("blob-id"), N_("read config from given blob object")),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Action")),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get", &actions, N_("get value: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-all", &actions, N_("get all values: key [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-regexp", &actions, N_("get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"), ACTION_GET_REGEXP),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-urlmatch", &actions, N_("get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"), ACTION_GET_URLMATCH),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "replace-all", &actions, N_("replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"), ACTION_REPLACE_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "add", &actions, N_("add a new variable: name value"), ACTION_ADD),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "unset", &actions, N_("remove a variable: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_UNSET),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "unset-all", &actions, N_("remove all matches: name [value-regex]"), ACTION_UNSET_ALL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "rename-section", &actions, N_("rename section: old-name new-name"), ACTION_RENAME_SECTION),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "remove-section", &actions, N_("remove a section: name"), ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION),
+	OPT_BIT('l', "list", &actions, N_("list all"), ACTION_LIST),
+	OPT_BIT('e', "edit", &actions, N_("open an editor"), ACTION_EDIT),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-color", &actions, N_("find the color configured: slot [default]"), ACTION_GET_COLOR),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "get-colorbool", &actions, N_("find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"), ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Type")),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "bool", &types, N_("value is \"true\" or \"false\""), TYPE_BOOL),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "int", &types, N_("value is decimal number"), TYPE_INT),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "bool-or-int", &types, N_("value is --bool or --int"), TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT),
+	OPT_BIT(0, "path", &types, N_("value is a path (file or directory name)"), TYPE_PATH),
+	OPT_GROUP(N_("Other")),
+	OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &end_null, N_("terminate values with NUL byte")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "includes", &respect_includes, N_("respect include directives on lookup")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -95,30 +98,28 @@ static int show_all_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int show_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
+struct strbuf_list {
+	struct strbuf *items;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+static int format_config(struct strbuf *buf, const char *key_, const char *value_)
 {
-	char value[256];
-	const char *vptr = value;
 	int must_free_vptr = 0;
-	int dup_error = 0;
 	int must_print_delim = 0;
+	char value[256];
+	const char *vptr = value;
 
-	if (!use_key_regexp && strcmp(key_, key))
-		return 0;
-	if (use_key_regexp && regexec(key_regexp, key_, 0, NULL, 0))
-		return 0;
-	if (regexp != NULL &&
-	    (do_not_match ^ !!regexec(regexp, (value_?value_:""), 0, NULL, 0)))
-		return 0;
+	strbuf_init(buf, 0);
 
 	if (show_keys) {
-		printf("%s", key_);
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, key_);
 		must_print_delim = 1;
 	}
-	if (seen && !do_all)
-		dup_error = 1;
 	if (types == TYPE_INT)
-		sprintf(value, "%d", git_config_int(key_, value_?value_:""));
+		sprintf(value, "%"PRId64,
+			git_config_int64(key_, value_ ? value_ : ""));
 	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
 		vptr = git_config_bool(key_, value_) ? "true" : "false";
 	else if (types == TYPE_BOOL_OR_INT) {
@@ -129,7 +130,8 @@ static int show_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
 		else
 			sprintf(value, "%d", v);
 	} else if (types == TYPE_PATH) {
-		git_config_pathname(&vptr, key_, value_);
+		if (git_config_pathname(&vptr, key_, value_) < 0)
+			return -1;
 		must_free_vptr = 1;
 	} else if (value_) {
 		vptr = value_;
@@ -138,44 +140,39 @@ static int show_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
 		vptr = "";
 		must_print_delim = 0;
 	}
-	seen++;
-	if (dup_error) {
-		error("More than one value for the key %s: %s",
-				key_, vptr);
-	}
-	else {
-		if (must_print_delim)
-			printf("%c", key_delim);
-		printf("%s%c", vptr, term);
-	}
+
+	if (must_print_delim)
+		strbuf_addch(buf, key_delim);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, vptr);
+	strbuf_addch(buf, term);
+
 	if (must_free_vptr)
-		/* If vptr must be freed, it's a pointer to a
-		 * dynamically allocated buffer, it's safe to cast to
-		 * const.
-		*/
 		free((char *)vptr);
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int collect_config(const char *key_, const char *value_, void *cb)
+{
+	struct strbuf_list *values = cb;
+
+	if (!use_key_regexp && strcmp(key_, key))
+		return 0;
+	if (use_key_regexp && regexec(key_regexp, key_, 0, NULL, 0))
+		return 0;
+	if (regexp != NULL &&
+	    (do_not_match ^ !!regexec(regexp, (value_?value_:""), 0, NULL, 0)))
+		return 0;
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(values->items, values->nr + 1, values->alloc);
+
+	return format_config(&values->items[values->nr++], key_, value_);
+}
+
 static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
 {
-	int ret = -1;
-	char *global = NULL, *repo_config = NULL;
-	const char *system_wide = NULL, *local;
-	struct config_include_data inc = CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT;
-	config_fn_t fn;
-	void *data;
-
-	local = given_config_file;
-	if (!local) {
-		const char *home = getenv("HOME");
-		local = repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
-		if (home)
-			global = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.gitconfig", home));
-		if (git_config_system())
-			system_wide = git_etc_gitconfig();
-	}
+	int ret = CONFIG_GENERIC_ERROR;
+	struct strbuf_list values = {NULL};
+	int i;
 
 	if (use_key_regexp) {
 		char *tl;
@@ -197,12 +194,16 @@ static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
 		key_regexp = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
 		if (regcomp(key_regexp, key, REG_EXTENDED)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid key pattern: %s\n", key_);
-			free(key);
+			free(key_regexp);
+			key_regexp = NULL;
+			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN;
 			goto free_strings;
 		}
 	} else {
-		if (git_config_parse_key(key_, &key, NULL))
+		if (git_config_parse_key(key_, &key, NULL)) {
+			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_KEY;
 			goto free_strings;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (regex_) {
@@ -214,47 +215,37 @@ static int get_value(const char *key_, const char *regex_)
 		regexp = (regex_t*)xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
 		if (regcomp(regexp, regex_, REG_EXTENDED)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Invalid pattern: %s\n", regex_);
+			free(regexp);
+			regexp = NULL;
+			ret = CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN;
 			goto free_strings;
 		}
 	}
 
-	fn = show_config;
-	data = NULL;
-	if (respect_includes) {
-		inc.fn = fn;
-		inc.data = data;
-		fn = git_config_include;
-		data = &inc;
-	}
-
-	if (do_all && system_wide)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, system_wide, data);
-	if (do_all && global)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, global, data);
-	if (do_all)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, local, data);
-	git_config_from_parameters(fn, data);
-	if (!do_all && !seen)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, local, data);
-	if (!do_all && !seen && global)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, global, data);
-	if (!do_all && !seen && system_wide)
-		git_config_from_file(fn, system_wide, data);
+	git_config_with_options(collect_config, &values,
+				&given_config_source, respect_includes);
+
+	ret = !values.nr;
 
+	for (i = 0; i < values.nr; i++) {
+		struct strbuf *buf = values.items + i;
+		if (do_all || i == values.nr - 1)
+			fwrite(buf->buf, 1, buf->len, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(buf);
+	}
+	free(values.items);
+
+free_strings:
 	free(key);
+	if (key_regexp) {
+		regfree(key_regexp);
+		free(key_regexp);
+	}
 	if (regexp) {
 		regfree(regexp);
 		free(regexp);
 	}
 
-	if (do_all)
-		ret = !seen;
-	else
-		ret = (seen == 1) ? 0 : seen > 1 ? 2 : 1;
-
-free_strings:
-	free(repo_config);
-	free(global);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -276,8 +267,8 @@ static char *normalize_value(const char *key, const char *value)
 	else {
 		normalized = xmalloc(64);
 		if (types == TYPE_INT) {
-			int v = git_config_int(key, value);
-			sprintf(normalized, "%d", v);
+			int64_t v = git_config_int64(key, value);
+			sprintf(normalized, "%"PRId64, v);
 		}
 		else if (types == TYPE_BOOL)
 			sprintf(normalized, "%s",
@@ -305,21 +296,25 @@ static int git_get_color_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	if (!strcmp(var, get_color_slot)) {
 		if (!value)
 			config_error_nonbool(var);
-		color_parse(value, var, parsed_color);
+		if (color_parse(value, parsed_color) < 0)
+			return -1;
 		get_color_found = 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void get_color(const char *def_color)
+static void get_color(const char *var, const char *def_color)
 {
+	get_color_slot = var;
 	get_color_found = 0;
 	parsed_color[0] = '\0';
 	git_config_with_options(git_get_color_config, NULL,
-				given_config_file, respect_includes);
+				&given_config_source, respect_includes);
 
-	if (!get_color_found && def_color)
-		color_parse(def_color, "command line", parsed_color);
+	if (!get_color_found && def_color) {
+		if (color_parse(def_color, parsed_color) < 0)
+			die(_("unable to parse default color value"));
+	}
 
 	fputs(parsed_color, stdout);
 }
@@ -339,12 +334,14 @@ static int git_get_colorbool_config(const char *var, const char *value,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_colorbool(int print)
+static int get_colorbool(const char *var, int print)
 {
+	get_colorbool_slot = var;
 	get_colorbool_found = -1;
 	get_diff_color_found = -1;
+	get_color_ui_found = -1;
 	git_config_with_options(git_get_colorbool_config, NULL,
-				given_config_file, respect_includes);
+				&given_config_source, respect_includes);
 
 	if (get_colorbool_found < 0) {
 		if (!strcmp(get_colorbool_slot, "color.diff"))
@@ -353,6 +350,10 @@ static int get_colorbool(int print)
 			get_colorbool_found = get_color_ui_found;
 	}
 
+	if (get_colorbool_found < 0)
+		/* default value if none found in config */
+		get_colorbool_found = GIT_COLOR_AUTO;
+
 	get_colorbool_found = want_color(get_colorbool_found);
 
 	if (print) {
@@ -362,47 +363,165 @@ static int get_colorbool(int print)
 		return get_colorbool_found ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
+static void check_write(void)
+{
+	if (given_config_source.use_stdin)
+		die("writing to stdin is not supported");
+
+	if (given_config_source.blob)
+		die("writing config blobs is not supported");
+}
+
+struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value {
+	char value_is_null;
+	struct strbuf value;
+};
+
+static int urlmatch_collect_fn(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct string_list *values = cb;
+	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(values, var);
+	struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value *matched = item->util;
+
+	if (!matched) {
+		matched = xmalloc(sizeof(*matched));
+		strbuf_init(&matched->value, 0);
+		item->util = matched;
+	} else {
+		strbuf_reset(&matched->value);
+	}
+
+	if (value) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&matched->value, value);
+		matched->value_is_null = 0;
+	} else {
+		matched->value_is_null = 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_urlmatch(const char *var, const char *url)
+{
+	char *section_tail;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct urlmatch_config config = { STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP };
+	struct string_list values = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	config.collect_fn = urlmatch_collect_fn;
+	config.cascade_fn = NULL;
+	config.cb = &values;
+
+	if (!url_normalize(url, &config.url))
+		die("%s", config.url.err);
+
+	config.section = xstrdup_tolower(var);
+	section_tail = strchr(config.section, '.');
+	if (section_tail) {
+		*section_tail = '\0';
+		config.key = section_tail + 1;
+		show_keys = 0;
+	} else {
+		config.key = NULL;
+		show_keys = 1;
+	}
+
+	git_config_with_options(urlmatch_config_entry, &config,
+				&given_config_source, respect_includes);
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &values) {
+		struct urlmatch_current_candidate_value *matched = item->util;
+		struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&key, item->string);
+		format_config(&buf, key.buf,
+			      matched->value_is_null ? NULL : matched->value.buf);
+		fwrite(buf.buf, 1, buf.len, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(&key);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+		strbuf_release(&matched->value);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&config.vars, 1);
+	string_list_clear(&values, 1);
+	free(config.url.url);
+
+	free((void *)config.section);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char *default_user_config(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&buf,
+		    _("# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+		      "[core]\n"
+		      "# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+		      "#	user = %s\n"
+		      "#	email = %s\n"),
+		    ident_default_name(),
+		    ident_default_email());
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
 int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nongit = !startup_info->have_repository;
 	char *value;
 
-	given_config_file = getenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
+	given_config_source.file = getenv(CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_config_options,
 			     builtin_config_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION);
 
-	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config + !!given_config_file > 1) {
+	if (use_global_config + use_system_config + use_local_config +
+	    !!given_config_source.file + !!given_config_source.blob > 1) {
 		error("only one config file at a time.");
 		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 	}
 
+	if (given_config_source.file &&
+			!strcmp(given_config_source.file, "-")) {
+		given_config_source.file = NULL;
+		given_config_source.use_stdin = 1;
+	}
+
 	if (use_global_config) {
-		char *home = getenv("HOME");
-		if (home) {
-			char *user_config = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/.gitconfig", home));
-			given_config_file = user_config;
-		} else {
+		char *user_config = NULL;
+		char *xdg_config = NULL;
+
+		home_config_paths(&user_config, &xdg_config, "config");
+
+		if (!user_config)
+			/*
+			 * It is unknown if HOME/.gitconfig exists, so
+			 * we do not know if we should write to XDG
+			 * location; error out even if XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+			 * is set and points at a sane location.
+			 */
 			die("$HOME not set");
-		}
+
+		if (access_or_warn(user_config, R_OK, 0) &&
+		    xdg_config && !access_or_warn(xdg_config, R_OK, 0))
+			given_config_source.file = xdg_config;
+		else
+			given_config_source.file = user_config;
 	}
 	else if (use_system_config)
-		given_config_file = git_etc_gitconfig();
+		given_config_source.file = git_etc_gitconfig();
 	else if (use_local_config)
-		given_config_file = git_pathdup("config");
-	else if (given_config_file) {
-		if (!is_absolute_path(given_config_file) && prefix)
-			given_config_file =
+		given_config_source.file = git_pathdup("config");
+	else if (given_config_source.file) {
+		if (!is_absolute_path(given_config_source.file) && prefix)
+			given_config_source.file =
 				xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix,
 							strlen(prefix),
-							given_config_file));
-		else
-			given_config_file = given_config_file;
+							given_config_source.file));
 	}
 
 	if (respect_includes == -1)
-		respect_includes = !given_config_file;
+		respect_includes = !given_config_source.file;
 
 	if (end_null) {
 		term = '\0';
@@ -415,12 +534,7 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 	}
 
-	if (get_color_slot)
-	    actions |= ACTION_GET_COLOR;
-	if (get_colorbool_slot)
-	    actions |= ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL;
-
-	if ((get_color_slot || get_colorbool_slot) && types) {
+	if ((actions & (ACTION_GET_COLOR|ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL)) && types) {
 		error("--get-color and variable type are incoherent");
 		usage_with_options(builtin_config_usage, builtin_config_options);
 	}
@@ -441,50 +555,73 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (actions == ACTION_LIST) {
 		check_argc(argc, 0, 0);
 		if (git_config_with_options(show_all_config, NULL,
-					    given_config_file,
+					    &given_config_source,
 					    respect_includes) < 0) {
-			if (given_config_file)
+			if (given_config_source.file)
 				die_errno("unable to read config file '%s'",
-					  given_config_file);
+					  given_config_source.file);
 			else
 				die("error processing config file(s)");
 		}
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_EDIT) {
+		char *config_file;
+
 		check_argc(argc, 0, 0);
-		if (!given_config_file && nongit)
+		if (!given_config_source.file && nongit)
 			die("not in a git directory");
+		if (given_config_source.use_stdin)
+			die("editing stdin is not supported");
+		if (given_config_source.blob)
+			die("editing blobs is not supported");
 		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
-		launch_editor(given_config_file ?
-			      given_config_file : git_path("config"),
-			      NULL, NULL);
+		config_file = xstrdup(given_config_source.file ?
+				      given_config_source.file : git_path("config"));
+		if (use_global_config) {
+			int fd = open(config_file, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, 0666);
+			if (fd) {
+				char *content = default_user_config();
+				write_str_in_full(fd, content);
+				free(content);
+				close(fd);
+			}
+			else if (errno != EEXIST)
+				die_errno(_("cannot create configuration file %s"), config_file);
+		}
+		launch_editor(config_file, NULL, NULL);
+		free(config_file);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_SET) {
 		int ret;
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
-		ret = git_config_set_in_file(given_config_file, argv[0], value);
+		ret = git_config_set_in_file(given_config_source.file, argv[0], value);
 		if (ret == CONFIG_NOTHING_SET)
 			error("cannot overwrite multiple values with a single value\n"
 			"       Use a regexp, --add or --replace-all to change %s.", argv[0]);
 		return ret;
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_SET_ALL) {
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 3);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
-		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
+		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_source.file,
 						       argv[0], value, argv[2], 0);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_ADD) {
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
-		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
-						       argv[0], value, "^$", 0);
+		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_source.file,
+						       argv[0], value,
+						       CONFIG_REGEX_NONE, 0);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_REPLACE_ALL) {
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 3);
 		value = normalize_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
-		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
+		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_source.file,
 						       argv[0], value, argv[2], 1);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_GET) {
@@ -503,24 +640,31 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
 		return get_value(argv[0], argv[1]);
 	}
+	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_URLMATCH) {
+		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
+		return get_urlmatch(argv[0], argv[1]);
+	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_UNSET) {
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
 		if (argc == 2)
-			return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
+			return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_source.file,
 							       argv[0], NULL, argv[1], 0);
 		else
-			return git_config_set_in_file(given_config_file,
+			return git_config_set_in_file(given_config_source.file,
 						      argv[0], NULL);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_UNSET_ALL) {
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
-		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_file,
+		return git_config_set_multivar_in_file(given_config_source.file,
 						       argv[0], NULL, argv[1], 1);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_RENAME_SECTION) {
 		int ret;
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 2, 2);
-		ret = git_config_rename_section_in_file(given_config_file,
+		ret = git_config_rename_section_in_file(given_config_source.file,
 							argv[0], argv[1]);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			return ret;
@@ -529,8 +673,9 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_REMOVE_SECTION) {
 		int ret;
+		check_write();
 		check_argc(argc, 1, 1);
-		ret = git_config_rename_section_in_file(given_config_file,
+		ret = git_config_rename_section_in_file(given_config_source.file,
 							argv[0], NULL);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			return ret;
@@ -538,19 +683,15 @@ int cmd_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			die("No such section!");
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_COLOR) {
-		get_color(argv[0]);
+		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
+		get_color(argv[0], argv[1]);
 	}
 	else if (actions == ACTION_GET_COLORBOOL) {
-		if (argc == 1)
-			color_stdout_is_tty = git_config_bool("command line", argv[0]);
-		return get_colorbool(argc != 0);
+		check_argc(argc, 1, 2);
+		if (argc == 2)
+			color_stdout_is_tty = git_config_bool("command line", argv[1]);
+		return get_colorbool(argv[0], argc == 2);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
-
-int cmd_repo_config(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: git repo-config is deprecated in favor of git config.\n");
-	return cmd_config(argc, argv, prefix);
-}
diff --git a/builtin/count-objects.c b/builtin/count-objects.c
index c37cb98c31..e47ef0b1af 100644
--- a/builtin/count-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/count-objects.c
@@ -9,77 +9,60 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
-static void count_objects(DIR *d, char *path, int len, int verbose,
-			  unsigned long *loose,
-			  off_t *loose_size,
-			  unsigned long *packed_loose,
-			  unsigned long *garbage)
+static unsigned long garbage;
+static off_t size_garbage;
+static int verbose;
+static unsigned long loose, packed, packed_loose;
+static off_t loose_size;
+
+static void real_report_garbage(const char *desc, const char *path)
 {
-	struct dirent *ent;
-	while ((ent = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
-		char hex[41];
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		const char *cp;
-		int bad = 0;
+	struct stat st;
+	if (!stat(path, &st))
+		size_garbage += st.st_size;
+	warning("%s: %s", desc, path);
+	garbage++;
+}
 
-		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(ent->d_name))
-			continue;
-		for (cp = ent->d_name; *cp; cp++) {
-			int ch = *cp;
-			if (('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') ||
-			    ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'f'))
-				continue;
-			bad = 1;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (cp - ent->d_name != 38)
-			bad = 1;
-		else {
-			struct stat st;
-			memcpy(path + len + 3, ent->d_name, 38);
-			path[len + 2] = '/';
-			path[len + 41] = 0;
-			if (lstat(path, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-				bad = 1;
-			else
-				(*loose_size) += xsize_t(on_disk_bytes(st));
-		}
-		if (bad) {
-			if (verbose) {
-				error("garbage found: %.*s/%s",
-				      len + 2, path, ent->d_name);
-				(*garbage)++;
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-		(*loose)++;
-		if (!verbose)
-			continue;
-		memcpy(hex, path+len, 2);
-		memcpy(hex+2, ent->d_name, 38);
-		hex[40] = 0;
-		if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
-			die("internal error");
-		if (has_sha1_pack(sha1))
-			(*packed_loose)++;
+static void loose_garbage(const char *path)
+{
+	if (verbose)
+		report_garbage("garbage found", path);
+}
+
+static int count_loose(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, void *data)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (lstat(path, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		loose_garbage(path);
+	else {
+		loose_size += on_disk_bytes(st);
+		loose++;
+		if (verbose && has_sha1_pack(sha1))
+			packed_loose++;
 	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int count_cruft(const char *basename, const char *path, void *data)
+{
+	loose_garbage(path);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static char const * const count_objects_usage[] = {
-	"git count-objects [-v]",
+	N_("git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, verbose = 0;
-	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
-	int len = strlen(objdir);
-	char *path = xmalloc(len + 50);
-	unsigned long loose = 0, packed = 0, packed_loose = 0, garbage = 0;
-	off_t loose_size = 0;
+	int human_readable = 0;
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT_BOOL('H', "human-readable", &human_readable,
+			 N_("print sizes in human readable format")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -87,23 +70,19 @@ int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	/* we do not take arguments other than flags for now */
 	if (argc)
 		usage_with_options(count_objects_usage, opts);
-	memcpy(path, objdir, len);
-	if (len && objdir[len-1] != '/')
-		path[len++] = '/';
-	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-		DIR *d;
-		sprintf(path + len, "%02x", i);
-		d = opendir(path);
-		if (!d)
-			continue;
-		count_objects(d, path, len, verbose,
-			      &loose, &loose_size, &packed_loose, &garbage);
-		closedir(d);
-	}
+	if (verbose)
+		report_garbage = real_report_garbage;
+
+	for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(get_object_directory(),
+				      count_loose, count_cruft, NULL, NULL);
+
 	if (verbose) {
 		struct packed_git *p;
 		unsigned long num_pack = 0;
 		off_t size_pack = 0;
+		struct strbuf loose_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf pack_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf garbage_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		if (!packed_git)
 			prepare_packed_git();
 		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
@@ -115,16 +94,40 @@ int cmd_count_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			size_pack += p->pack_size + p->index_size;
 			num_pack++;
 		}
+
+		if (human_readable) {
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&loose_buf, loose_size);
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&pack_buf, size_pack);
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&garbage_buf, size_garbage);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_addf(&loose_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(loose_size / 1024));
+			strbuf_addf(&pack_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(size_pack / 1024));
+			strbuf_addf(&garbage_buf, "%lu",
+				    (unsigned long)(size_garbage / 1024));
+		}
+
 		printf("count: %lu\n", loose);
-		printf("size: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("size: %s\n", loose_buf.buf);
 		printf("in-pack: %lu\n", packed);
 		printf("packs: %lu\n", num_pack);
-		printf("size-pack: %lu\n", (unsigned long) (size_pack / 1024));
+		printf("size-pack: %s\n", pack_buf.buf);
 		printf("prune-packable: %lu\n", packed_loose);
 		printf("garbage: %lu\n", garbage);
+		printf("size-garbage: %s\n", garbage_buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&loose_buf);
+		strbuf_release(&pack_buf);
+		strbuf_release(&garbage_buf);
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (human_readable)
+			strbuf_humanise_bytes(&buf, loose_size);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%lu kilobytes",
+				    (unsigned long)(loose_size / 1024));
+		printf("%lu objects, %s\n", loose, buf.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
-	else
-		printf("%lu objects, %lu kilobytes\n",
-		       loose, (unsigned long) (loose_size / 1024));
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/credential.c b/builtin/credential.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0412fa00f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/credential.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "credential.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+
+static const char usage_msg[] =
+	"git credential [fill|approve|reject]";
+
+int cmd_credential(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	const char *op;
+	struct credential c = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+
+	op = argv[1];
+	if (!op)
+		usage(usage_msg);
+
+	if (credential_read(&c, stdin) < 0)
+		die("unable to read credential from stdin");
+
+	if (!strcmp(op, "fill")) {
+		credential_fill(&c);
+		credential_write(&c, stdout);
+	} else if (!strcmp(op, "approve")) {
+		credential_approve(&c);
+	} else if (!strcmp(op, "reject")) {
+		credential_reject(&c);
+	} else {
+		usage(usage_msg);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/describe.c b/builtin/describe.c
index 9f63067f50..e00a75b121 100644
--- a/builtin/describe.c
+++ b/builtin/describe.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "refs.h"
@@ -6,14 +7,15 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "diff.h"
-#include "hash.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
-#define SEEN		(1u<<0)
+#define SEEN		(1u << 0)
 #define MAX_TAGS	(FLAG_BITS - 1)
 
 static const char * const describe_usage[] = {
-	"git describe [options] <committish>*",
-	"git describe [options] --dirty",
+	N_("git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"),
+	N_("git describe [<options>] --dirty"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -21,9 +23,10 @@ static int debug;	/* Display lots of verbose info */
 static int all;	/* Any valid ref can be used */
 static int tags;	/* Allow lightweight tags */
 static int longformat;
+static int first_parent;
 static int abbrev = -1; /* unspecified */
 static int max_candidates = 10;
-static struct hash_table names;
+static struct hashmap names;
 static int have_util;
 static const char *pattern;
 static int always;
@@ -34,44 +37,29 @@ static const char *diff_index_args[] = {
 	"diff-index", "--quiet", "HEAD", "--", NULL
 };
 
-
 struct commit_name {
-	struct commit_name *next;
+	struct hashmap_entry entry;
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 	struct tag *tag;
 	unsigned prio:2; /* annotated tag = 2, tag = 1, head = 0 */
 	unsigned name_checked:1;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	const char *path;
+	char *path;
 };
+
 static const char *prio_names[] = {
 	"head", "lightweight", "annotated",
 };
 
-static inline unsigned int hash_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int commit_name_cmp(const struct commit_name *cn1,
+		const struct commit_name *cn2, const void *peeled)
 {
-	unsigned int hash;
-	memcpy(&hash, sha1, sizeof(hash));
-	return hash;
+	return hashcmp(cn1->peeled, peeled ? peeled : cn2->peeled);
 }
 
 static inline struct commit_name *find_commit_name(const unsigned char *peeled)
 {
-	struct commit_name *n = lookup_hash(hash_sha1(peeled), &names);
-	while (n && !!hashcmp(peeled, n->peeled))
-		n = n->next;
-	return n;
-}
-
-static int set_util(void *chain, void *data)
-{
-	struct commit_name *n;
-	for (n = chain; n; n = n->next) {
-		struct commit *c = lookup_commit_reference_gently(n->peeled, 1);
-		if (c)
-			c->util = n;
-	}
-	return 0;
+	return hashmap_get_from_hash(&names, sha1hash(peeled), peeled);
 }
 
 static int replace_name(struct commit_name *e,
@@ -116,61 +104,56 @@ static void add_to_known_names(const char *path,
 	struct tag *tag = NULL;
 	if (replace_name(e, prio, sha1, &tag)) {
 		if (!e) {
-			void **pos;
 			e = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_name));
 			hashcpy(e->peeled, peeled);
-			pos = insert_hash(hash_sha1(peeled), e, &names);
-			if (pos) {
-				e->next = *pos;
-				*pos = e;
-			} else {
-				e->next = NULL;
-			}
+			hashmap_entry_init(e, sha1hash(peeled));
+			hashmap_add(&names, e);
+			e->path = NULL;
 		}
 		e->tag = tag;
 		e->prio = prio;
 		e->name_checked = 0;
 		hashcpy(e->sha1, sha1);
-		e->path = path;
+		free(e->path);
+		e->path = xstrdup(path);
 	}
 }
 
 static int get_name(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	int might_be_tag = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
+	int is_tag = starts_with(path, "refs/tags/");
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
-	int is_tag, prio;
+	int is_annotated, prio;
 
-	if (!all && !might_be_tag)
+	/* Reject anything outside refs/tags/ unless --all */
+	if (!all && !is_tag)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled) && !is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
-		is_tag = !!hashcmp(sha1, peeled);
+	/* Accept only tags that match the pattern, if given */
+	if (pattern && (!is_tag || wildmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0, NULL)))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Is it annotated? */
+	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled)) {
+		is_annotated = !!hashcmp(sha1, peeled);
 	} else {
 		hashcpy(peeled, sha1);
-		is_tag = 0;
+		is_annotated = 0;
 	}
 
-	/* If --all, then any refs are used.
-	 * If --tags, then any tags are used.
-	 * Otherwise only annotated tags are used.
+	/*
+	 * By default, we only use annotated tags, but with --tags
+	 * we fall back to lightweight ones (even without --tags,
+	 * we still remember lightweight ones, only to give hints
+	 * in an error message).  --all allows any refs to be used.
 	 */
-	if (might_be_tag) {
-		if (is_tag)
-			prio = 2;
-		else
-			prio = 1;
-
-		if (pattern && fnmatch(pattern, path + 10, 0))
-			prio = 0;
-	}
+	if (is_annotated)
+		prio = 2;
+	else if (is_tag)
+		prio = 1;
 	else
 		prio = 0;
 
-	if (!all) {
-		if (!prio)
-			return 0;
-	}
 	add_to_known_names(all ? path + 5 : path + 10, peeled, prio, sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -289,7 +272,14 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("searching to describe %s\n"), arg);
 
 	if (!have_util) {
-		for_each_hash(&names, set_util, NULL);
+		struct hashmap_iter iter;
+		struct commit *c;
+		struct commit_name *n = hashmap_iter_first(&names, &iter);
+		for (; n; n = hashmap_iter_next(&iter)) {
+			c = lookup_commit_reference_gently(n->peeled, 1);
+			if (c)
+				c->util = n;
+		}
 		have_util = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -337,6 +327,9 @@ static void describe(const char *arg, int last_one)
 				commit_list_insert_by_date(p, &list);
 			p->object.flags |= c->object.flags;
 			parents = parents->next;
+
+			if (first_parent)
+				break;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -400,23 +393,24 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int contains = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "contains",   &contains, "find the tag that comes after the commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug",      &debug, "debug search strategy on stderr"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all",        &all, "use any ref in .git/refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags",       &tags, "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "long",       &longformat, "always use long format"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "contains",   &contains, N_("find the tag that comes after the commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "debug",      &debug, N_("debug search strategy on stderr")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all",        &all, N_("use any ref")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "tags",       &tags, N_("use any tag, even unannotated")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "long",       &longformat, N_("always use long format")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "first-parent", &first_parent, N_("only follow first parent")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exact-match", &max_candidates,
-			    "only output exact matches", 0),
+			    N_("only output exact matches"), 0),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "candidates", &max_candidates,
-			    "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "match",       &pattern, "pattern",
-			   "only consider tags matching <pattern>"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
-			   "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"),
-		{OPTION_STRING, 0, "dirty",  &dirty, "mark",
-			   "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")",
-		 PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "-dirty"},
+			    N_("consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "match",       &pattern, N_("pattern"),
+			   N_("only consider tags matching <pattern>")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "always",        &always,
+			N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
+		{OPTION_STRING, 0, "dirty",  &dirty, N_("mark"),
+			N_("append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"),
+			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "-dirty"},
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -436,29 +430,29 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		die(_("--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"));
 
 	if (contains) {
-		const char **args = xmalloc((7 + argc) * sizeof(char *));
-		int i = 0;
-		args[i++] = "name-rev";
-		args[i++] = "--name-only";
-		args[i++] = "--no-undefined";
+		struct argv_array args;
+
+		argv_array_init(&args);
+		argv_array_pushl(&args, "name-rev",
+				 "--peel-tag", "--name-only", "--no-undefined",
+				 NULL);
 		if (always)
-			args[i++] = "--always";
+			argv_array_push(&args, "--always");
 		if (!all) {
-			args[i++] = "--tags";
-			if (pattern) {
-				char *s = xmalloc(strlen("--refs=refs/tags/") + strlen(pattern) + 1);
-				sprintf(s, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", pattern);
-				args[i++] = s;
-			}
+			argv_array_push(&args, "--tags");
+			if (pattern)
+				argv_array_pushf(&args, "--refs=refs/tags/%s", pattern);
 		}
-		memcpy(args + i, argv, argc * sizeof(char *));
-		args[i + argc] = NULL;
-		return cmd_name_rev(i + argc, args, prefix);
+		while (*argv) {
+			argv_array_push(&args, *argv);
+			argv++;
+		}
+		return cmd_name_rev(args.argc, args.argv, prefix);
 	}
 
-	init_hash(&names);
+	hashmap_init(&names, (hashmap_cmp_fn) commit_name_cmp, 0);
 	for_each_rawref(get_name, NULL);
-	if (!names.nr && !always)
+	if (!names.size && !always)
 		die(_("No names found, cannot describe anything."));
 
 	if (argc == 0) {
@@ -479,11 +473,10 @@ int cmd_describe(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 		describe("HEAD", 1);
 	} else if (dirty) {
-		die(_("--dirty is incompatible with committishes"));
+		die(_("--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"));
 	} else {
-		while (argc-- > 0) {
+		while (argc-- > 0)
 			describe(*argv++, argc == 0);
-		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/diff-files.c b/builtin/diff-files.c
index 46085f862f..8ed2eb8813 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-files.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-files.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char diff_files_usage[] =
-"git diff-files [-q] [-0/-1/2/3 |-c|--cc] [<common diff options>] [<path>...]"
+"git diff-files [-q] [-0 | -1 | -2 | -3 | -c | --cc] [<common-diff-options>] [<path>...]"
 COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
 
 int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ int cmd_diff_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	    (rev.diffopt.output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH))
 		rev.combine_merges = rev.dense_combined_merges = 1;
 
-	if (read_cache_preload(rev.diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+	if (read_cache_preload(&rev.diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache_preload");
 		return -1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/diff-index.c b/builtin/diff-index.c
index 2eb32bd9da..d979824f93 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-index.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-index.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 static const char diff_cache_usage[] =
 "git diff-index [-m] [--cached] "
-"[<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+"[<common-diff-options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
 COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
 
 int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -41,9 +41,13 @@ int cmd_diff_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (rev.pending.nr != 1 ||
 	    rev.max_count != -1 || rev.min_age != -1 || rev.max_age != -1)
 		usage(diff_cache_usage);
-	if (!cached)
+	if (!cached) {
 		setup_work_tree();
-	if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		if (read_cache_preload(&rev.diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
+			perror("read_cache_preload");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else if (read_cache() < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache");
 		return -1;
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/diff-tree.c b/builtin/diff-tree.c
index be6417d166..12b683d021 100644
--- a/builtin/diff-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/diff-tree.c
@@ -22,14 +22,10 @@ static int stdin_diff_commit(struct commit *commit, char *line, int len)
 	if (isspace(line[40]) && !get_sha1_hex(line+41, sha1)) {
 		/* Graft the fake parents locally to the commit */
 		int pos = 41;
-		struct commit_list **pptr, *parents;
+		struct commit_list **pptr;
 
 		/* Free the real parent list */
-		for (parents = commit->parents; parents; ) {
-			struct commit_list *tmp = parents->next;
-			free(parents);
-			parents = tmp;
-		}
+		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
 		commit->parents = NULL;
 		pptr = &(commit->parents);
 		while (line[pos] && !get_sha1_hex(line + pos, sha1)) {
@@ -72,9 +68,7 @@ static int diff_tree_stdin(char *line)
 	line[len-1] = 0;
 	if (get_sha1_hex(line, sha1))
 		return -1;
-	obj = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
-	if (!obj || !obj->parsed)
-		obj = parse_object(sha1);
+	obj = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
 		return -1;
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
@@ -88,7 +82,7 @@ static int diff_tree_stdin(char *line)
 
 static const char diff_tree_usage[] =
 "git diff-tree [--stdin] [-m] [-c] [--cc] [-s] [-v] [--pretty] [-t] [-r] [--root] "
-"[<common diff options>] <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>...]\n"
+"[<common-diff-options>] <tree-ish> [<tree-ish>] [<path>...]\n"
 "  -r            diff recursively\n"
 "  --root        include the initial commit as diff against /dev/null\n"
 COMMON_DIFF_OPTIONS_HELP;
diff --git a/builtin/diff.c b/builtin/diff.c
index 387afa7568..4326fa56bf 100644
--- a/builtin/diff.c
+++ b/builtin/diff.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2006 Junio C Hamano
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "blob.h"
@@ -16,6 +17,9 @@
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
 
+#define DIFF_NO_INDEX_EXPLICIT 1
+#define DIFF_NO_INDEX_IMPLICIT 2
+
 struct blobinfo {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	const char *name;
@@ -29,6 +33,8 @@ static void stuff_change(struct diff_options *opt,
 			 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 			 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 			 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			 int old_sha1_valid,
+			 int new_sha1_valid,
 			 const char *old_name,
 			 const char *new_name)
 {
@@ -54,23 +60,26 @@ static void stuff_change(struct diff_options *opt,
 
 	one = alloc_filespec(old_name);
 	two = alloc_filespec(new_name);
-	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_mode);
-	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_mode);
+	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_sha1_valid, old_mode);
+	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_sha1_valid, new_mode);
 
 	diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two);
 }
 
 static int builtin_diff_b_f(struct rev_info *revs,
 			    int argc, const char **argv,
-			    struct blobinfo *blob,
-			    const char *path)
+			    struct blobinfo *blob)
 {
 	/* Blob vs file in the working tree*/
 	struct stat st;
+	const char *path;
 
 	if (argc > 1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(&revs->prune_data, PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL);
+	path = revs->prune_data.items[0].match;
+
 	if (lstat(path, &st))
 		die_errno(_("failed to stat '%s'"), path);
 	if (!(S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)))
@@ -84,6 +93,7 @@ static int builtin_diff_b_f(struct rev_info *revs,
 	stuff_change(&revs->diffopt,
 		     blob[0].mode, canon_mode(st.st_mode),
 		     blob[0].sha1, null_sha1,
+		     1, 0,
 		     path, path);
 	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
 	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -108,6 +118,7 @@ static int builtin_diff_blobs(struct rev_info *revs,
 	stuff_change(&revs->diffopt,
 		     blob[0].mode, blob[1].mode,
 		     blob[0].sha1, blob[1].sha1,
+		     1, 1,
 		     blob[0].name, blob[1].name);
 	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
 	diff_flush(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -126,8 +137,6 @@ static int builtin_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 			usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 		argv++; argc--;
 	}
-	if (!cached)
-		setup_work_tree();
 	/*
 	 * Make sure there is one revision (i.e. pending object),
 	 * and there is no revision filtering parameters.
@@ -136,8 +145,14 @@ static int builtin_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 	    revs->max_count != -1 || revs->min_age != -1 ||
 	    revs->max_age != -1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-	if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
-		perror("read_cache_preload");
+	if (!cached) {
+		setup_work_tree();
+		if (read_cache_preload(&revs->diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
+			perror("read_cache_preload");
+			return -1;
+		}
+	} else if (read_cache() < 0) {
+		perror("read_cache");
 		return -1;
 	}
 	return run_diff_index(revs, cached);
@@ -145,7 +160,8 @@ static int builtin_diff_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 
 static int builtin_diff_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 			     int argc, const char **argv,
-			     struct object_array_entry *ent)
+			     struct object_array_entry *ent0,
+			     struct object_array_entry *ent1)
 {
 	const unsigned char *(sha1[2]);
 	int swap = 0;
@@ -153,13 +169,14 @@ static int builtin_diff_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 	if (argc > 1)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
 
-	/* We saw two trees, ent[0] and ent[1].
-	 * if ent[1] is uninteresting, they are swapped
+	/*
+	 * We saw two trees, ent0 and ent1.  If ent1 is uninteresting,
+	 * swap them.
 	 */
-	if (ent[1].item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+	if (ent1->item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		swap = 1;
-	sha1[swap] = ent[0].item->sha1;
-	sha1[1-swap] = ent[1].item->sha1;
+	sha1[swap] = ent0->item->sha1;
+	sha1[1 - swap] = ent1->item->sha1;
 	diff_tree_sha1(sha1[0], sha1[1], "", &revs->diffopt);
 	log_tree_diff_flush(revs);
 	return 0;
@@ -232,7 +249,7 @@ static int builtin_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **argv
 		revs->combine_merges = revs->dense_combined_merges = 1;
 
 	setup_work_tree();
-	if (read_cache_preload(revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw) < 0) {
+	if (read_cache_preload(&revs->diffopt.pathspec) < 0) {
 		perror("read_cache_preload");
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -243,11 +260,10 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct rev_info rev;
-	struct object_array_entry ent[100];
-	int ents = 0, blobs = 0, paths = 0;
-	const char *path = NULL;
+	struct object_array ent = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int blobs = 0, paths = 0;
 	struct blobinfo blob[2];
-	int nongit;
+	int nongit = 0, no_index = 0;
 	int result = 0;
 
 	/*
@@ -273,18 +289,67 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * Other cases are errors.
 	 */
 
-	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
-	gitmodules_config();
+	/* Were we asked to do --no-index explicitly? */
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+			i++;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-index"))
+			no_index = DIFF_NO_INDEX_EXPLICIT;
+		if (argv[i][0] != '-')
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (!no_index)
+		prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
+
+	/*
+	 * Treat git diff with at least one path outside of the
+	 * repo the same as if the command would have been executed
+	 * outside of a git repository.  In this case it behaves
+	 * the same way as "git diff --no-index <a> <b>", which acts
+	 * as a colourful "diff" replacement.
+	 */
+	if (nongit || ((argc == i + 2) &&
+		       (!path_inside_repo(prefix, argv[i]) ||
+			!path_inside_repo(prefix, argv[i + 1]))))
+		no_index = DIFF_NO_INDEX_IMPLICIT;
+
+	if (!no_index)
+		gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_diff_ui_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 
-	/* If this is a no-index diff, just run it and exit there. */
-	diff_no_index(&rev, argc, argv, nongit, prefix);
+	if (no_index && argc != i + 2) {
+		if (no_index == DIFF_NO_INDEX_IMPLICIT) {
+			/*
+			 * There was no --no-index and there were not two
+			 * paths. It is possible that the user intended
+			 * to do an inside-repository operation.
+			 */
+			fprintf(stderr, "Not a git repository\n");
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"To compare two paths outside a working tree:\n");
+		}
+		/* Give the usage message for non-repository usage and exit. */
+		usagef("git diff %s <path> <path>",
+		       no_index == DIFF_NO_INDEX_EXPLICIT ?
+		       "--no-index" : "[--no-index]");
+
+	}
+	if (no_index)
+		/* If this is a no-index diff, just run it and exit there. */
+		diff_no_index(&rev, argc, argv, prefix);
 
 	/* Otherwise, we are doing the usual "git" diff */
 	rev.diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch = !!diff_auto_refresh_index;
 
+	/* Scale to real terminal size and respect statGraphWidth config */
+	rev.diffopt.stat_width = -1;
+	rev.diffopt.stat_graph_width = -1;
+
 	/* Default to let external and textconv be used */
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
@@ -294,19 +359,12 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
 	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format) {
 		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
-		if (diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt) < 0)
-			die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
+		diff_setup_done(&rev.diffopt);
 	}
 
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
 
-	/*
-	 * If the user asked for our exit code then don't start a
-	 * pager or we would end up reporting its exit code instead.
-	 */
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev.diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
-	    check_pager_config("diff") != 0)
-		setup_pager();
+	setup_diff_pager(&rev.diffopt);
 
 	/*
 	 * Do we have --cached and not have a pending object, then
@@ -323,7 +381,7 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				add_head_to_pending(&rev);
 				if (!rev.pending.nr) {
 					struct tree *tree;
-					tree = lookup_tree((const unsigned char*)EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+					tree = lookup_tree(EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
 					add_pending_object(&rev, &tree->object, "HEAD");
 				}
 				break;
@@ -332,9 +390,9 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *list = rev.pending.objects+i;
-		struct object *obj = list->item;
-		const char *name = list->name;
+		struct object_array_entry *entry = &rev.pending.objects[i];
+		struct object *obj = entry->item;
+		const char *name = entry->name;
 		int flags = (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING);
 		if (!obj->parsed)
 			obj = parse_object(obj->sha1);
@@ -343,38 +401,29 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			die(_("invalid object '%s' given."), name);
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
 			obj = &((struct commit *)obj)->tree->object;
+
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(ent) <= ents)
-				die(_("more than %d trees given: '%s'"),
-				    (int) ARRAY_SIZE(ent), name);
 			obj->flags |= flags;
-			ent[ents].item = obj;
-			ent[ents].name = name;
-			ents++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
+			add_object_array(obj, name, &ent);
+		} else if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 			if (2 <= blobs)
 				die(_("more than two blobs given: '%s'"), name);
 			hashcpy(blob[blobs].sha1, obj->sha1);
 			blob[blobs].name = name;
-			blob[blobs].mode = list->mode;
+			blob[blobs].mode = entry->mode;
 			blobs++;
-			continue;
 
+		} else {
+			die(_("unhandled object '%s' given."), name);
 		}
-		die(_("unhandled object '%s' given."), name);
 	}
-	if (rev.prune_data.nr) {
-		if (!path)
-			path = rev.prune_data.items[0].match;
+	if (rev.prune_data.nr)
 		paths += rev.prune_data.nr;
-	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Now, do the arguments look reasonable?
 	 */
-	if (!ents) {
+	if (!ent.nr) {
 		switch (blobs) {
 		case 0:
 			result = builtin_diff_files(&rev, argc, argv);
@@ -382,7 +431,7 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		case 1:
 			if (paths != 1)
 				usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-			result = builtin_diff_b_f(&rev, argc, argv, blob, path);
+			result = builtin_diff_b_f(&rev, argc, argv, blob);
 			break;
 		case 2:
 			if (paths)
@@ -395,23 +444,26 @@ int cmd_diff(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	else if (blobs)
 		usage(builtin_diff_usage);
-	else if (ents == 1)
+	else if (ent.nr == 1)
 		result = builtin_diff_index(&rev, argc, argv);
-	else if (ents == 2)
-		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
-	else if (ent[0].item->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
+	else if (ent.nr == 2)
+		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv,
+					   &ent.objects[0], &ent.objects[1]);
+	else if (ent.objects[0].item->flags & UNINTERESTING) {
 		/*
 		 * diff A...B where there is at least one merge base
-		 * between A and B.  We have ent[0] == merge-base,
-		 * ent[ents-2] == A, and ent[ents-1] == B.  Show diff
-		 * between the base and B.  Note that we pick one
-		 * merge base at random if there are more than one.
+		 * between A and B.  We have ent.objects[0] ==
+		 * merge-base, ent.objects[ents-2] == A, and
+		 * ent.objects[ents-1] == B.  Show diff between the
+		 * base and B.  Note that we pick one merge base at
+		 * random if there are more than one.
 		 */
-		ent[1] = ent[ents-1];
-		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv, ent);
+		result = builtin_diff_tree(&rev, argc, argv,
+					   &ent.objects[0],
+					   &ent.objects[ent.nr-1]);
 	} else
 		result = builtin_diff_combined(&rev, argc, argv,
-					       ent, ents);
+					       ent.objects, ent.nr);
 	result = diff_result_code(&rev.diffopt, result);
 	if (1 < rev.diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch)
 		refresh_index_quietly();
diff --git a/builtin/fast-export.c b/builtin/fast-export.c
index 19509ea754..b8182c241d 100644
--- a/builtin/fast-export.c
+++ b/builtin/fast-export.c
@@ -17,19 +17,25 @@
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "quote.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "blob.h"
 
 static const char *fast_export_usage[] = {
-	"git fast-export [rev-list-opts]",
+	N_("git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int progress;
-static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
+static enum { ABORT, VERBATIM, WARN, WARN_STRIP, STRIP } signed_tag_mode = ABORT;
 static enum { ERROR, DROP, REWRITE } tag_of_filtered_mode = ERROR;
 static int fake_missing_tagger;
 static int use_done_feature;
 static int no_data;
 static int full_tree;
+static struct string_list extra_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+static struct refspec *refspecs;
+static int refspecs_nr;
+static int anonymize;
 
 static int parse_opt_signed_tag_mode(const struct option *opt,
 				     const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -40,10 +46,12 @@ static int parse_opt_signed_tag_mode(const struct option *opt,
 		signed_tag_mode = VERBATIM;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn"))
 		signed_tag_mode = WARN;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "warn-strip"))
+		signed_tag_mode = WARN_STRIP;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "strip"))
 		signed_tag_mode = STRIP;
 	else
-		return error("Unknown signed-tag mode: %s", arg);
+		return error("Unknown signed-tags mode: %s", arg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -75,6 +83,76 @@ static int has_unshown_parent(struct commit *commit)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct anonymized_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry hash;
+	const char *orig;
+	size_t orig_len;
+	const char *anon;
+	size_t anon_len;
+};
+
+static int anonymized_entry_cmp(const void *va, const void *vb,
+				const void *data)
+{
+	const struct anonymized_entry *a = va, *b = vb;
+	return a->orig_len != b->orig_len ||
+		memcmp(a->orig, b->orig, a->orig_len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Basically keep a cache of X->Y so that we can repeatedly replace
+ * the same anonymized string with another. The actual generation
+ * is farmed out to the generate function.
+ */
+static const void *anonymize_mem(struct hashmap *map,
+				 void *(*generate)(const void *, size_t *),
+				 const void *orig, size_t *len)
+{
+	struct anonymized_entry key, *ret;
+
+	if (!map->cmpfn)
+		hashmap_init(map, anonymized_entry_cmp, 0);
+
+	hashmap_entry_init(&key, memhash(orig, *len));
+	key.orig = orig;
+	key.orig_len = *len;
+	ret = hashmap_get(map, &key, NULL);
+
+	if (!ret) {
+		ret = xmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+		hashmap_entry_init(&ret->hash, key.hash.hash);
+		ret->orig = xstrdup(orig);
+		ret->orig_len = *len;
+		ret->anon = generate(orig, len);
+		ret->anon_len = *len;
+		hashmap_put(map, ret);
+	}
+
+	*len = ret->anon_len;
+	return ret->anon;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We anonymize each component of a path individually,
+ * so that paths a/b and a/c will share a common root.
+ * The paths are cached via anonymize_mem so that repeated
+ * lookups for "a" will yield the same value.
+ */
+static void anonymize_path(struct strbuf *out, const char *path,
+			   struct hashmap *map,
+			   void *(*generate)(const void *, size_t *))
+{
+	while (*path) {
+		const char *end_of_component = strchrnul(path, '/');
+		size_t len = end_of_component - path;
+		const char *c = anonymize_mem(map, generate, path, &len);
+		strbuf_add(out, c, len);
+		path = end_of_component;
+		if (*path)
+			strbuf_addch(out, *path++);
+	}
+}
+
 /* Since intptr_t is C99, we do not use it here */
 static inline uint32_t *mark_to_ptr(uint32_t mark)
 {
@@ -113,12 +191,33 @@ static void show_progress(void)
 		printf("progress %d objects\n", counter);
 }
 
-static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+/*
+ * Ideally we would want some transformation of the blob data here
+ * that is unreversible, but would still be the same size and have
+ * the same data relationship to other blobs (so that we get the same
+ * delta and packing behavior as the original). But the first and last
+ * requirements there are probably mutually exclusive, so let's take
+ * the easy way out for now, and just generate arbitrary content.
+ *
+ * There's no need to cache this result with anonymize_mem, since
+ * we already handle blob content caching with marks.
+ */
+static char *anonymize_blob(unsigned long *size)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "anonymous blob %d", counter++);
+	*size = out.len;
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, NULL);
+}
+
+static void export_blob(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
 	char *buf;
 	struct object *object;
+	int eaten;
 
 	if (no_data)
 		return;
@@ -126,16 +225,25 @@ static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
 		return;
 
-	object = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!object)
-		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-
-	if (object->flags & SHOWN)
+	object = lookup_object(sha1);
+	if (object && object->flags & SHOWN)
 		return;
 
-	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-	if (!buf)
-		die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (anonymize) {
+		buf = anonymize_blob(&size);
+		object = (struct object *)lookup_blob(sha1);
+		eaten = 0;
+	} else {
+		buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!buf)
+			die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (check_sha1_signature(sha1, buf, size, typename(type)) < 0)
+			die("sha1 mismatch in blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		object = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
+	}
+
+	if (!object)
+		die("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 	mark_next_object(object);
 
@@ -147,7 +255,8 @@ static void handle_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	show_progress();
 
 	object->flags |= SHOWN;
-	free(buf);
+	if (!eaten)
+		free(buf);
 }
 
 static int depth_first(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -180,15 +289,54 @@ static int depth_first(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 	return (a->status == 'R') - (b->status == 'R');
 }
 
-static void print_path(const char *path)
+static void print_path_1(const char *path)
 {
 	int need_quote = quote_c_style(path, NULL, NULL, 0);
 	if (need_quote)
 		quote_c_style(path, NULL, stdout, 0);
+	else if (strchr(path, ' '))
+		printf("\"%s\"", path);
 	else
 		printf("%s", path);
 }
 
+static void *anonymize_path_component(const void *path, size_t *len)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "path%d", counter++);
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, len);
+}
+
+static void print_path(const char *path)
+{
+	if (!anonymize)
+		print_path_1(path);
+	else {
+		static struct hashmap paths;
+		static struct strbuf anon = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		anonymize_path(&anon, path, &paths, anonymize_path_component);
+		print_path_1(anon.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&anon);
+	}
+}
+
+static void *generate_fake_sha1(const void *old, size_t *len)
+{
+	static uint32_t counter = 1; /* avoid null sha1 */
+	unsigned char *out = xcalloc(20, 1);
+	put_be32(out + 16, counter++);
+	return out;
+}
+
+static const unsigned char *anonymize_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	static struct hashmap sha1s;
+	size_t len = 20;
+	return anonymize_mem(&sha1s, generate_fake_sha1, sha1, &len);
+}
+
 static void show_filemodify(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 			    struct diff_options *options, void *data)
 {
@@ -233,7 +381,9 @@ static void show_filemodify(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 			 */
 			if (no_data || S_ISGITLINK(spec->mode))
 				printf("M %06o %s ", spec->mode,
-				       sha1_to_hex(spec->sha1));
+				       sha1_to_hex(anonymize ?
+						   anonymize_sha1(spec->sha1) :
+						   spec->sha1));
 			else {
 				struct object *object = lookup_object(spec->sha1);
 				printf("M %06o :%d ", spec->mode,
@@ -267,19 +417,130 @@ static const char *find_encoding(const char *begin, const char *end)
 	return bol;
 }
 
+static void *anonymize_ref_component(const void *old, size_t *len)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "ref%d", counter++);
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, len);
+}
+
+static const char *anonymize_refname(const char *refname)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If any of these prefixes is found, we will leave it intact
+	 * so that tags remain tags and so forth.
+	 */
+	static const char *prefixes[] = {
+		"refs/heads/",
+		"refs/tags/",
+		"refs/remotes/",
+		"refs/"
+	};
+	static struct hashmap refs;
+	static struct strbuf anon = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * We also leave "master" as a special case, since it does not reveal
+	 * anything interesting.
+	 */
+	if (!strcmp(refname, "refs/heads/master"))
+		return refname;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&anon);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(prefixes); i++) {
+		if (skip_prefix(refname, prefixes[i], &refname)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&anon, prefixes[i]);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	anonymize_path(&anon, refname, &refs, anonymize_ref_component);
+	return anon.buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * We do not even bother to cache commit messages, as they are unlikely
+ * to be repeated verbatim, and it is not that interesting when they are.
+ */
+static char *anonymize_commit_message(const char *old)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	return xstrfmt("subject %d\n\nbody\n", counter++);
+}
+
+static struct hashmap idents;
+static void *anonymize_ident(const void *old, size_t *len)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "User %d <user%d@example.com>", counter, counter);
+	counter++;
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Our strategy here is to anonymize the names and email addresses,
+ * but keep timestamps intact, as they influence things like traversal
+ * order (and by themselves should not be too revealing).
+ */
+static void anonymize_ident_line(const char **beg, const char **end)
+{
+	static struct strbuf buffers[] = { STRBUF_INIT, STRBUF_INIT };
+	static unsigned which_buffer;
+
+	struct strbuf *out;
+	struct ident_split split;
+	const char *end_of_header;
+
+	out = &buffers[which_buffer++];
+	which_buffer %= ARRAY_SIZE(buffers);
+	strbuf_reset(out);
+
+	/* skip "committer", "author", "tagger", etc */
+	end_of_header = strchr(*beg, ' ');
+	if (!end_of_header)
+		die("BUG: malformed line fed to anonymize_ident_line: %.*s",
+		    (int)(*end - *beg), *beg);
+	end_of_header++;
+	strbuf_add(out, *beg, end_of_header - *beg);
+
+	if (!split_ident_line(&split, end_of_header, *end - end_of_header) &&
+	    split.date_begin) {
+		const char *ident;
+		size_t len;
+
+		len = split.mail_end - split.name_begin;
+		ident = anonymize_mem(&idents, anonymize_ident,
+				      split.name_begin, &len);
+		strbuf_add(out, ident, len);
+		strbuf_addch(out, ' ');
+		strbuf_add(out, split.date_begin, split.tz_end - split.date_begin);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addstr(out, "Malformed Ident <malformed@example.com> 0 -0000");
+	}
+
+	*beg = out->buf;
+	*end = out->buf + out->len;
+}
+
 static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	int saved_output_format = rev->diffopt.output_format;
+	const char *commit_buffer;
 	const char *author, *author_end, *committer, *committer_end;
 	const char *encoding, *message;
 	char *reencoded = NULL;
 	struct commit_list *p;
+	const char *refname;
 	int i;
 
 	rev->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 
-	parse_commit(commit);
-	author = strstr(commit->buffer, "\nauthor ");
+	parse_commit_or_die(commit);
+	commit_buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+	author = strstr(commit_buffer, "\nauthor ");
 	if (!author)
 		die ("Could not find author in commit %s",
 		     sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
@@ -299,7 +560,7 @@ static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 	if (commit->parents &&
 	    get_object_mark(&commit->parents->item->object) != 0 &&
 	    !full_tree) {
-		parse_commit(commit->parents->item);
+		parse_commit_or_die(commit->parents->item);
 		diff_tree_sha1(commit->parents->item->tree->object.sha1,
 			       commit->tree->object.sha1, "", &rev->diffopt);
 	}
@@ -310,15 +571,24 @@ static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 	/* Export the referenced blobs, and remember the marks. */
 	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++)
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->mode))
-			handle_object(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
+			export_blob(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->sha1);
+
+	refname = commit->util;
+	if (anonymize) {
+		refname = anonymize_refname(refname);
+		anonymize_ident_line(&committer, &committer_end);
+		anonymize_ident_line(&author, &author_end);
+	}
 
 	mark_next_object(&commit->object);
-	if (!is_encoding_utf8(encoding))
+	if (anonymize)
+		reencoded = anonymize_commit_message(message);
+	else if (!is_encoding_utf8(encoding))
 		reencoded = reencode_string(message, "UTF-8", encoding);
 	if (!commit->parents)
-		printf("reset %s\n", (const char*)commit->util);
+		printf("reset %s\n", refname);
 	printf("commit %s\nmark :%"PRIu32"\n%.*s\n%.*s\ndata %u\n%s",
-	       (const char *)commit->util, last_idnum,
+	       refname, last_idnum,
 	       (int)(author_end - author), author,
 	       (int)(committer_end - committer), committer,
 	       (unsigned)(reencoded
@@ -326,6 +596,7 @@ static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 			  ? strlen(message) : 0),
 	       reencoded ? reencoded : message ? message : "");
 	free(reencoded);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, commit_buffer);
 
 	for (i = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		int mark = get_object_mark(&p->item->object);
@@ -348,6 +619,14 @@ static void handle_commit(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev)
 	show_progress();
 }
 
+static void *anonymize_tag(const void *old, size_t *len)
+{
+	static int counter;
+	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addf(&out, "tag message %d", counter++);
+	return strbuf_detach(&out, len);
+}
+
 static void handle_tail(struct object_array *commits, struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
@@ -371,7 +650,7 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 	int tagged_mark;
 	struct commit *p;
 
-	/* Trees have no identifer in fast-export output, thus we have no way
+	/* Trees have no identifier in fast-export output, thus we have no way
 	 * to output tags of trees, tags of tags of trees, etc.  Simply omit
 	 * such tags.
 	 */
@@ -404,6 +683,17 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 	} else {
 		tagger++;
 		tagger_end = strchrnul(tagger, '\n');
+		if (anonymize)
+			anonymize_ident_line(&tagger, &tagger_end);
+	}
+
+	if (anonymize) {
+		name = anonymize_refname(name);
+		if (message) {
+			static struct hashmap tags;
+			message = anonymize_mem(&tags, anonymize_tag,
+						message, &message_size);
+		}
 	}
 
 	/* handle signed tags */
@@ -414,7 +704,7 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 			switch(signed_tag_mode) {
 			case ABORT:
 				die ("Encountered signed tag %s; use "
-				     "--signed-tag=<mode> to handle it.",
+				     "--signed-tags=<mode> to handle it.",
 				     sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
 			case WARN:
 				warning ("Exporting signed tag %s",
@@ -422,6 +712,10 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 				/* fallthru */
 			case VERBATIM:
 				break;
+			case WARN_STRIP:
+				warning ("Stripping signature from tag %s",
+					 sha1_to_hex(tag->object.sha1));
+				/* fallthru */
 			case STRIP:
 				message_size = signature + 1 - message;
 				break;
@@ -463,7 +757,7 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/"))
+	if (starts_with(name, "refs/tags/"))
 		name += 10;
 	printf("tag %s\nfrom :%d\n%.*s%sdata %d\n%.*s\n",
 	       name, tagged_mark,
@@ -472,76 +766,101 @@ static void handle_tag(const char *name, struct tag *tag)
 	       (int)message_size, (int)message_size, message ? message : "");
 }
 
-static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct object_array *pending,
-				    struct string_list *extra_refs)
+static struct commit *get_commit(struct rev_cmdline_entry *e, char *full_name)
+{
+	switch (e->item->type) {
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		return (struct commit *)e->item;
+	case OBJ_TAG: {
+		struct tag *tag = (struct tag *)e->item;
+
+		/* handle nested tags */
+		while (tag && tag->object.type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			parse_object(tag->object.sha1);
+			string_list_append(&extra_refs, full_name)->util = tag;
+			tag = (struct tag *)tag->tagged;
+		}
+		if (!tag)
+			die("Tag %s points nowhere?", e->name);
+		return (struct commit *)tag;
+		break;
+	}
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void get_tags_and_duplicates(struct rev_cmdline_info *info)
 {
-	struct tag *tag;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < pending->nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *e = pending->objects + i;
+	for (i = 0; i < info->nr; i++) {
+		struct rev_cmdline_entry *e = info->rev + i;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		struct commit *commit = commit;
+		struct commit *commit;
 		char *full_name;
 
-		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &full_name) != 1)
+		if (e->flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			continue;
 
-		switch (e->item->type) {
-		case OBJ_COMMIT:
-			commit = (struct commit *)e->item;
-			break;
-		case OBJ_TAG:
-			tag = (struct tag *)e->item;
+		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &full_name) != 1)
+			continue;
 
-			/* handle nested tags */
-			while (tag && tag->object.type == OBJ_TAG) {
-				parse_object(tag->object.sha1);
-				string_list_append(extra_refs, full_name)->util = tag;
-				tag = (struct tag *)tag->tagged;
-			}
-			if (!tag)
-				die ("Tag %s points nowhere?", e->name);
-			switch(tag->object.type) {
-			case OBJ_COMMIT:
-				commit = (struct commit *)tag;
-				break;
-			case OBJ_BLOB:
-				handle_object(tag->object.sha1);
-				continue;
-			default: /* OBJ_TAG (nested tags) is already handled */
-				warning("Tag points to object of unexpected type %s, skipping.",
-					typename(tag->object.type));
-				continue;
+		if (refspecs) {
+			char *private;
+			private = apply_refspecs(refspecs, refspecs_nr, full_name);
+			if (private) {
+				free(full_name);
+				full_name = private;
 			}
-			break;
-		default:
+		}
+
+		commit = get_commit(e, full_name);
+		if (!commit) {
 			warning("%s: Unexpected object of type %s, skipping.",
 				e->name,
 				typename(e->item->type));
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (commit->util)
-			/* more than one name for the same object */
-			string_list_append(extra_refs, full_name)->util = commit;
-		else
+
+		switch(commit->object.type) {
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			break;
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+			export_blob(commit->object.sha1);
+			continue;
+		default: /* OBJ_TAG (nested tags) is already handled */
+			warning("Tag points to object of unexpected type %s, skipping.",
+				typename(commit->object.type));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * This ref will not be updated through a commit, lets make
+		 * sure it gets properly updated eventually.
+		 */
+		if (commit->util || commit->object.flags & SHOWN)
+			string_list_append(&extra_refs, full_name)->util = commit;
+		if (!commit->util)
 			commit->util = full_name;
 	}
 }
 
-static void handle_tags_and_duplicates(struct string_list *extra_refs)
+static void handle_tags_and_duplicates(void)
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = extra_refs->nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-		const char *name = extra_refs->items[i].string;
-		struct object *object = extra_refs->items[i].util;
+	for (i = extra_refs.nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		const char *name = extra_refs.items[i].string;
+		struct object *object = extra_refs.items[i].util;
 		switch (object->type) {
 		case OBJ_TAG:
 			handle_tag(name, (struct tag *)object);
 			break;
 		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			if (anonymize)
+				name = anonymize_refname(name);
 			/* create refs pointing to already seen commits */
 			commit = (struct commit *)object;
 			printf("reset %s\nfrom :%d\n\n", name,
@@ -594,6 +913,8 @@ static void import_marks(char *input_file)
 		char *line_end, *mark_end;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct object *object;
+		struct commit *commit;
+		enum object_type type;
 
 		line_end = strchr(line, '\n');
 		if (line[0] != ':' || !line_end)
@@ -602,52 +923,80 @@ static void import_marks(char *input_file)
 
 		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &mark_end, 10);
 		if (!mark || mark_end == line + 1
-			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1(mark_end + 1, sha1))
+			|| *mark_end != ' ' || get_sha1_hex(mark_end + 1, sha1))
 			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
 
-		object = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (!object)
-			die ("Could not read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (last_idnum < mark)
+			last_idnum = mark;
+
+		type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+		if (type < 0)
+			die("object not found: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			/* only commits */
+			continue;
+
+		commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+		if (!commit)
+			die("not a commit? can't happen: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		object = &commit->object;
 
 		if (object->flags & SHOWN)
-			error("Object %s already has a mark", sha1);
+			error("Object %s already has a mark", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 		mark_object(object, mark);
-		if (last_idnum < mark)
-			last_idnum = mark;
 
 		object->flags |= SHOWN;
 	}
 	fclose(f);
 }
 
+static void handle_deletes(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < refspecs_nr; i++) {
+		struct refspec *refspec = &refspecs[i];
+		if (*refspec->src)
+			continue;
+
+		printf("reset %s\nfrom %s\n\n",
+				refspec->dst, sha1_to_hex(null_sha1));
+	}
+}
+
 int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct object_array commits = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	struct string_list extra_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	char *export_filename = NULL, *import_filename = NULL;
+	uint32_t lastimportid;
+	struct string_list refspecs_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "progress", &progress,
-			    "show progress after <n> objects"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "signed-tags", &signed_tag_mode, "mode",
-			     "select handling of signed tags",
+			    N_("show progress after <n> objects")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "signed-tags", &signed_tag_mode, N_("mode"),
+			     N_("select handling of signed tags"),
 			     parse_opt_signed_tag_mode),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "tag-of-filtered-object", &tag_of_filtered_mode, "mode",
-			     "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects",
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0, "tag-of-filtered-object", &tag_of_filtered_mode, N_("mode"),
+			     N_("select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"),
 			     parse_opt_tag_of_filtered_mode),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "export-marks", &export_filename, "file",
-			     "Dump marks to this file"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "import-marks", &import_filename, "file",
-			     "Import marks from this file"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
-			     "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
-			     "Output full tree for each commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "use-done-feature", &use_done_feature,
-			     "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-data", &no_data, "Skip output of blob data"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "export-marks", &export_filename, N_("file"),
+			     N_("Dump marks to this file")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "import-marks", &import_filename, N_("file"),
+			     N_("Import marks from this file")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "fake-missing-tagger", &fake_missing_tagger,
+			 N_("Fake a tagger when tags lack one")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
+			 N_("Output full tree for each commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-done-feature", &use_done_feature,
+			     N_("Use the done feature to terminate the stream")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-data", &no_data, N_("Skip output of blob data")),
+		OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "refspec", &refspecs_list, N_("refspec"),
+			     N_("Apply refspec to exported refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "anonymize", &anonymize, N_("anonymize output")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -661,21 +1010,38 @@ int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	revs.topo_order = 1;
 	revs.show_source = 1;
 	revs.rewrite_parents = 1;
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, fast_export_usage,
+			PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN);
 	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, fast_export_usage, 0);
 	if (argc > 1)
 		usage_with_options (fast_export_usage, options);
 
+	if (refspecs_list.nr) {
+		const char **refspecs_str;
+		int i;
+
+		refspecs_str = xmalloc(sizeof(*refspecs_str) * refspecs_list.nr);
+		for (i = 0; i < refspecs_list.nr; i++)
+			refspecs_str[i] = refspecs_list.items[i].string;
+
+		refspecs_nr = refspecs_list.nr;
+		refspecs = parse_fetch_refspec(refspecs_nr, refspecs_str);
+
+		string_list_clear(&refspecs_list, 1);
+		free(refspecs_str);
+	}
+
 	if (use_done_feature)
 		printf("feature done\n");
 
 	if (import_filename)
 		import_marks(import_filename);
+	lastimportid = last_idnum;
 
 	if (import_filename && revs.prune_data.nr)
 		full_tree = 1;
 
-	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.pending, &extra_refs);
+	get_tags_and_duplicates(&revs.cmdline);
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
@@ -691,13 +1057,16 @@ int cmd_fast_export(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
-	handle_tags_and_duplicates(&extra_refs);
+	handle_tags_and_duplicates();
+	handle_deletes();
 
-	if (export_filename)
+	if (export_filename && lastimportid != last_idnum)
 		export_marks(export_filename);
 
 	if (use_done_feature)
 		printf("done\n");
 
+	free_refspec(refspecs_nr, refspecs);
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/fetch-pack.c b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
index 7124c4b49c..4a6b340ab6 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch-pack.c
@@ -1,1013 +1,213 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "refs.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
-#include "commit.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "pack.h"
-#include "sideband.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
 #include "remote.h"
-#include "run-command.h"
-#include "transport.h"
-
-static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
-static int fetch_unpack_limit = -1;
-static int unpack_limit = 100;
-static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
-static int no_done;
-static int fetch_fsck_objects = -1;
-static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
-static struct fetch_pack_args args = {
-	/* .uploadpack = */ "git-upload-pack",
-};
+#include "connect.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
 
 static const char fetch_pack_usage[] =
-"git fetch-pack [--all] [--quiet|-q] [--keep|-k] [--thin] [--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] [--no-progress] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]";
-
-#define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
-#define COMMON		(1U << 1)
-#define COMMON_REF	(1U << 2)
-#define SEEN		(1U << 3)
-#define POPPED		(1U << 4)
-
-static int marked;
-
-/*
- * After sending this many "have"s if we do not get any new ACK , we
- * give up traversing our history.
- */
-#define MAX_IN_VAIN 256
-
-static struct commit_list *rev_list;
-static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband;
+"git fetch-pack [--all] [--stdin] [--quiet | -q] [--keep | -k] [--thin] "
+"[--include-tag] [--upload-pack=<git-upload-pack>] [--depth=<n>] "
+"[--no-progress] [--diag-url] [-v] [<host>:]<directory> [<refs>...]";
 
-static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
+static void add_sought_entry_mem(struct ref ***sought, int *nr, int *alloc,
+				 const char *name, int namelen)
 {
-	if (!(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
-		commit->object.flags |= mark;
-
-		if (!(commit->object.parsed))
-			if (parse_commit(commit))
-				return;
-
-		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &rev_list);
+	struct ref *ref = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ref) + namelen + 1);
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
-			non_common_revs++;
+	if (namelen > 41 && name[40] == ' ' && !get_sha1_hex(name, sha1)) {
+		hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, sha1);
+		name += 41;
+		namelen -= 41;
 	}
-}
 
-static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
-
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, SEEN);
-
-	return 0;
+	memcpy(ref->name, name, namelen);
+	ref->name[namelen] = '\0';
+	(*nr)++;
+	ALLOC_GROW(*sought, *nr, *alloc);
+	(*sought)[*nr - 1] = ref;
 }
 
-static int clear_marks(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static void add_sought_entry(struct ref ***sought, int *nr, int *alloc,
+			     const char *string)
 {
-	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
-
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o,
-				   COMMON | COMMON_REF | SEEN | POPPED);
-	return 0;
+	add_sought_entry_mem(sought, nr, alloc, string, strlen(string));
 }
 
-/*
-   This function marks a rev and its ancestors as common.
-   In some cases, it is desirable to mark only the ancestors (for example
-   when only the server does not yet know that they are common).
-*/
-
-static void mark_common(struct commit *commit,
-		int ancestors_only, int dont_parse)
+int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	if (commit != NULL && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
-		struct object *o = (struct object *)commit;
+	int i, ret;
+	struct ref *ref = NULL;
+	const char *dest = NULL;
+	struct ref **sought = NULL;
+	int nr_sought = 0, alloc_sought = 0;
+	int fd[2];
+	char *pack_lockfile = NULL;
+	char **pack_lockfile_ptr = NULL;
+	struct child_process *conn;
+	struct fetch_pack_args args;
+	struct sha1_array shallow = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
 
-		if (!ancestors_only)
-			o->flags |= COMMON;
+	packet_trace_identity("fetch-pack");
 
-		if (!(o->flags & SEEN))
-			rev_list_push(commit, SEEN);
-		else {
-			struct commit_list *parents;
+	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
+	args.uploadpack = "git-upload-pack";
 
-			if (!ancestors_only && !(o->flags & POPPED))
-				non_common_revs--;
-			if (!o->parsed && !dont_parse)
-				if (parse_commit(commit))
-					return;
+	for (i = 1; i < argc && *argv[i] == '-'; i++) {
+		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
-			for (parents = commit->parents;
-					parents;
-					parents = parents->next)
-				mark_common(parents->item, 0, dont_parse);
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--upload-pack=")) {
+			args.uploadpack = arg + 14;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-}
-
-/*
-  Get the next rev to send, ignoring the common.
-*/
-
-static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
-{
-	struct commit *commit = NULL;
-
-	while (commit == NULL) {
-		unsigned int mark;
-		struct commit_list *parents;
-
-		if (rev_list == NULL || non_common_revs == 0)
-			return NULL;
-
-		commit = rev_list->item;
-		if (!commit->object.parsed)
-			parse_commit(commit);
-		parents = commit->parents;
-
-		commit->object.flags |= POPPED;
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
-			non_common_revs--;
-
-		if (commit->object.flags & COMMON) {
-			/* do not send "have", and ignore ancestors */
-			commit = NULL;
-			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
-		} else if (commit->object.flags & COMMON_REF)
-			/* send "have", and ignore ancestors */
-			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
-		else
-			/* send "have", also for its ancestors */
-			mark = SEEN;
-
-		while (parents) {
-			if (!(parents->item->object.flags & SEEN))
-				rev_list_push(parents->item, mark);
-			if (mark & COMMON)
-				mark_common(parents->item, 1, 0);
-			parents = parents->next;
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--exec=")) {
+			args.uploadpack = arg + 7;
+			continue;
 		}
-
-		rev_list = rev_list->next;
-	}
-
-	return commit->object.sha1;
-}
-
-enum ack_type {
-	NAK = 0,
-	ACK,
-	ACK_continue,
-	ACK_common,
-	ACK_ready
-};
-
-static void consume_shallow_list(int fd)
-{
-	if (args.stateless_rpc && args.depth > 0) {
-		/* If we sent a depth we will get back "duplicate"
-		 * shallow and unshallow commands every time there
-		 * is a block of have lines exchanged.
-		 */
-		char line[1000];
-		while (packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line))) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow "))
-				continue;
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow "))
-				continue;
-			die("git fetch-pack: expected shallow list");
+		if (!strcmp("--quiet", arg) || !strcmp("-q", arg)) {
+			args.quiet = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-}
-
-struct write_shallow_data {
-	struct strbuf *out;
-	int use_pack_protocol;
-	int count;
-};
-
-static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
-	const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1);
-	data->count++;
-	if (data->use_pack_protocol)
-		packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
-	else {
-		strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
-		strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol)
-{
-	struct write_shallow_data data;
-	data.out = out;
-	data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
-	data.count = 0;
-	for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
-	return data.count;
-}
-
-static enum ack_type get_ack(int fd, unsigned char *result_sha1)
-{
-	static char line[1000];
-	int len = packet_read_line(fd, line, sizeof(line));
-
-	if (!len)
-		die("git fetch-pack: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
-	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
-		line[--len] = 0;
-	if (!strcmp(line, "NAK"))
-		return NAK;
-	if (!prefixcmp(line, "ACK ")) {
-		if (!get_sha1_hex(line+4, result_sha1)) {
-			if (strstr(line+45, "continue"))
-				return ACK_continue;
-			if (strstr(line+45, "common"))
-				return ACK_common;
-			if (strstr(line+45, "ready"))
-				return ACK_ready;
-			return ACK;
+		if (!strcmp("--keep", arg) || !strcmp("-k", arg)) {
+			args.lock_pack = args.keep_pack;
+			args.keep_pack = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-	die("git fetch_pack: expected ACK/NAK, got '%s'", line);
-}
-
-static void send_request(int fd, struct strbuf *buf)
-{
-	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
-		send_sideband(fd, -1, buf->buf, buf->len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		packet_flush(fd);
-	} else
-		safe_write(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
-}
-
-static void insert_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
-{
-	rev_list_insert_ref(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
-}
-
-#define INITIAL_FLUSH 16
-#define PIPESAFE_FLUSH 32
-#define LARGE_FLUSH 1024
-
-static int next_flush(int count)
-{
-	int flush_limit = args.stateless_rpc ? LARGE_FLUSH : PIPESAFE_FLUSH;
-
-	if (count < flush_limit)
-		count <<= 1;
-	else
-		count += flush_limit;
-	return count;
-}
-
-static int find_common(int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,
-		       struct ref *refs)
-{
-	int fetching;
-	int count = 0, flushes = 0, flush_at = INITIAL_FLUSH, retval;
-	const unsigned char *sha1;
-	unsigned in_vain = 0;
-	int got_continue = 0;
-	int got_ready = 0;
-	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	size_t state_len = 0;
-
-	if (args.stateless_rpc && multi_ack == 1)
-		die("--stateless-rpc requires multi_ack_detailed");
-	if (marked)
-		for_each_ref(clear_marks, NULL);
-	marked = 1;
-
-	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref, NULL);
-	for_each_alternate_ref(insert_one_alternate_ref, NULL);
-
-	fetching = 0;
-	for ( ; refs ; refs = refs->next) {
-		unsigned char *remote = refs->old_sha1;
-		const char *remote_hex;
-		struct object *o;
-
-		/*
-		 * If that object is complete (i.e. it is an ancestor of a
-		 * local ref), we tell them we have it but do not have to
-		 * tell them about its ancestors, which they already know
-		 * about.
-		 *
-		 * We use lookup_object here because we are only
-		 * interested in the case we *know* the object is
-		 * reachable and we have already scanned it.
-		 */
-		if (((o = lookup_object(remote)) != NULL) &&
-				(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+		if (!strcmp("--thin", arg)) {
+			args.use_thin_pack = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-
-		remote_hex = sha1_to_hex(remote);
-		if (!fetching) {
-			struct strbuf c = STRBUF_INIT;
-			if (multi_ack == 2)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack_detailed");
-			if (multi_ack == 1)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack");
-			if (no_done)            strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-done");
-			if (use_sideband == 2)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band-64k");
-			if (use_sideband == 1)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band");
-			if (args.use_thin_pack) strbuf_addstr(&c, " thin-pack");
-			if (args.no_progress)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-progress");
-			if (args.include_tag)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " include-tag");
-			if (prefer_ofs_delta)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " ofs-delta");
-			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s%s\n", remote_hex, c.buf);
-			strbuf_release(&c);
-		} else
-			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s\n", remote_hex);
-		fetching++;
-	}
-
-	if (!fetching) {
-		strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		return 1;
-	}
-
-	if (is_repository_shallow())
-		write_shallow_commits(&req_buf, 1);
-	if (args.depth > 0)
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "deepen %d", args.depth);
-	packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-	state_len = req_buf.len;
-
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		char line[1024];
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-		while (packet_read_line(fd[0], line, sizeof(line))) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
-					die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
-				register_shallow(sha1);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(line, "unshallow ")) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 10, sha1))
-					die("invalid unshallow line: %s", line);
-				if (!lookup_object(sha1))
-					die("object not found: %s", line);
-				/* make sure that it is parsed as shallow */
-				if (!parse_object(sha1))
-					die("error in object: %s", line);
-				if (unregister_shallow(sha1))
-					die("no shallow found: %s", line);
-				continue;
-			}
-			die("expected shallow/unshallow, got %s", line);
+		if (!strcmp("--include-tag", arg)) {
+			args.include_tag = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	} else if (!args.stateless_rpc)
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-
-	if (!args.stateless_rpc) {
-		/* If we aren't using the stateless-rpc interface
-		 * we don't need to retain the headers.
-		 */
-		strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, 0);
-		state_len = 0;
-	}
-
-	flushes = 0;
-	retval = -1;
-	while ((sha1 = get_rev())) {
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		in_vain++;
-		if (flush_at <= ++count) {
-			int ack;
-
-			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-			send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-			strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, state_len);
-			flushes++;
-			flush_at = next_flush(count);
-
-			/*
-			 * We keep one window "ahead" of the other side, and
-			 * will wait for an ACK only on the next one
-			 */
-			if (!args.stateless_rpc && count == INITIAL_FLUSH)
-				continue;
-
-			consume_shallow_list(fd[0]);
-			do {
-				ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
-				if (args.verbose && ack)
-					fprintf(stderr, "got ack %d %s\n", ack,
-							sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-				switch (ack) {
-				case ACK:
-					flushes = 0;
-					multi_ack = 0;
-					retval = 0;
-					goto done;
-				case ACK_common:
-				case ACK_ready:
-				case ACK_continue: {
-					struct commit *commit =
-						lookup_commit(result_sha1);
-					if (!commit)
-						die("invalid commit %s", sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-					if (args.stateless_rpc
-					 && ack == ACK_common
-					 && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
-						/* We need to replay the have for this object
-						 * on the next RPC request so the peer knows
-						 * it is in common with us.
-						 */
-						const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(result_sha1);
-						packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", hex);
-						state_len = req_buf.len;
-					}
-					mark_common(commit, 0, 1);
-					retval = 0;
-					in_vain = 0;
-					got_continue = 1;
-					if (ack == ACK_ready) {
-						rev_list = NULL;
-						got_ready = 1;
-					}
-					break;
-					}
-				}
-			} while (ack);
-			flushes--;
-			if (got_continue && MAX_IN_VAIN < in_vain) {
-				if (args.verbose)
-					fprintf(stderr, "giving up\n");
-				break; /* give up */
-			}
+		if (!strcmp("--all", arg)) {
+			args.fetch_all = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-done:
-	if (!got_ready || !no_done) {
-		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "done\n");
-		send_request(fd[1], &req_buf);
-	}
-	if (args.verbose)
-		fprintf(stderr, "done\n");
-	if (retval != 0) {
-		multi_ack = 0;
-		flushes++;
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-
-	consume_shallow_list(fd[0]);
-	while (flushes || multi_ack) {
-		int ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
-		if (ack) {
-			if (args.verbose)
-				fprintf(stderr, "got ack (%d) %s\n", ack,
-					sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-			if (ack == ACK)
-				return 0;
-			multi_ack = 1;
+		if (!strcmp("--stdin", arg)) {
+			args.stdin_refs = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		flushes--;
-	}
-	/* it is no error to fetch into a completely empty repo */
-	return count ? retval : 0;
-}
-
-static struct commit_list *complete;
-
-static int mark_complete(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-
-	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
-		if (!t->tagged)
-			break; /* broken repository */
-		o->flags |= COMPLETE;
-		o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
-	}
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
-		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
-		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)) {
-			commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
+		if (!strcmp("--diag-url", arg)) {
+			args.diag_url = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void mark_recent_complete_commits(unsigned long cutoff)
-{
-	while (complete && cutoff <= complete->item->date) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Marking %s as complete\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(complete->item->object.sha1));
-		pop_most_recent_commit(&complete, COMPLETE);
-	}
-}
-
-static void filter_refs(struct ref **refs, int nr_match, char **match)
-{
-	struct ref **return_refs;
-	struct ref *newlist = NULL;
-	struct ref **newtail = &newlist;
-	struct ref *ref, *next;
-	struct ref *fastarray[32];
-
-	if (nr_match && !args.fetch_all) {
-		if (ARRAY_SIZE(fastarray) < nr_match)
-			return_refs = xcalloc(nr_match, sizeof(struct ref *));
-		else {
-			return_refs = fastarray;
-			memset(return_refs, 0, sizeof(struct ref *) * nr_match);
+		if (!strcmp("-v", arg)) {
+			args.verbose = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-	}
-	else
-		return_refs = NULL;
-
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = next) {
-		next = ref->next;
-		if (!memcmp(ref->name, "refs/", 5) &&
-		    check_refname_format(ref->name + 5, 0))
-			; /* trash */
-		else if (args.fetch_all &&
-			 (!args.depth || prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/") )) {
-			*newtail = ref;
-			ref->next = NULL;
-			newtail = &ref->next;
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--depth=")) {
+			args.depth = strtol(arg + 8, NULL, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
-		else {
-			int i;
-			for (i = 0; i < nr_match; i++) {
-				if (!strcmp(ref->name, match[i])) {
-					match[i][0] = '\0';
-					return_refs[i] = ref;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			if (i < nr_match)
-				continue; /* we will link it later */
+		if (!strcmp("--no-progress", arg)) {
+			args.no_progress = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-		free(ref);
-	}
-
-	if (!args.fetch_all) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < nr_match; i++) {
-			ref = return_refs[i];
-			if (ref) {
-				*newtail = ref;
-				ref->next = NULL;
-				newtail = &ref->next;
-			}
+		if (!strcmp("--stateless-rpc", arg)) {
+			args.stateless_rpc = 1;
+			continue;
 		}
-		if (return_refs != fastarray)
-			free(return_refs);
-	}
-	*refs = newlist;
-}
-
-static void mark_alternate_complete(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
-{
-	mark_complete(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
-}
-
-static int everything_local(struct ref **refs, int nr_match, char **match)
-{
-	struct ref *ref;
-	int retval;
-	unsigned long cutoff = 0;
-
-	save_commit_buffer = 0;
-
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		struct object *o;
-
-		o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
-		if (!o)
+		if (!strcmp("--lock-pack", arg)) {
+			args.lock_pack = 1;
+			pack_lockfile_ptr = &pack_lockfile;
 			continue;
-
-		/* We already have it -- which may mean that we were
-		 * in sync with the other side at some time after
-		 * that (it is OK if we guess wrong here).
-		 */
-		if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
-			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
-			if (!cutoff || cutoff < commit->date)
-				cutoff = commit->date;
 		}
-	}
-
-	if (!args.depth) {
-		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
-		for_each_alternate_ref(mark_alternate_complete, NULL);
-		if (cutoff)
-			mark_recent_complete_commits(cutoff);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Mark all complete remote refs as common refs.
-	 * Don't mark them common yet; the server has to be told so first.
-	 */
-	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		struct object *o = deref_tag(lookup_object(ref->old_sha1),
-					     NULL, 0);
-
-		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(o->flags & COMPLETE))
+		if (!strcmp("--check-self-contained-and-connected", arg)) {
+			args.check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 			continue;
-
-		if (!(o->flags & SEEN)) {
-			rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, COMMON_REF | SEEN);
-
-			mark_common((struct commit *)o, 1, 1);
 		}
-	}
-
-	filter_refs(refs, nr_match, match);
-
-	for (retval = 1, ref = *refs; ref ; ref = ref->next) {
-		const unsigned char *remote = ref->old_sha1;
-		unsigned char local[20];
-		struct object *o;
-
-		o = lookup_object(remote);
-		if (!o || !(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
-			retval = 0;
-			if (!args.verbose)
-				continue;
-			fprintf(stderr,
-				"want %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
-				ref->name);
+		if (!strcmp("--cloning", arg)) {
+			args.cloning = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-
-		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, local);
-		if (!args.verbose)
+		if (!strcmp("--update-shallow", arg)) {
+			args.update_shallow = 1;
 			continue;
-		fprintf(stderr,
-			"already have %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
-			ref->name);
-	}
-	return retval;
-}
-
-static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	int *xd = data;
-
-	int ret = recv_sideband("fetch-pack", xd[0], out);
-	close(out);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int get_pack(int xd[2], char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct async demux;
-	const char *argv[20];
-	char keep_arg[256];
-	char hdr_arg[256];
-	const char **av;
-	int do_keep = args.keep_pack;
-	struct child_process cmd;
-
-	memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
-	if (use_sideband) {
-		/* xd[] is talking with upload-pack; subprocess reads from
-		 * xd[0], spits out band#2 to stderr, and feeds us band#1
-		 * through demux->out.
-		 */
-		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
-		demux.data = xd;
-		demux.out = -1;
-		if (start_async(&demux))
-			die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off sideband"
-			    " demultiplexer");
-	}
-	else
-		demux.out = xd[0];
-
-	memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
-	cmd.argv = argv;
-	av = argv;
-	*hdr_arg = 0;
-	if (!args.keep_pack && unpack_limit) {
-		struct pack_header header;
-
-		if (read_pack_header(demux.out, &header))
-			die("protocol error: bad pack header");
-		snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
-			 "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
-			 ntohl(header.hdr_version), ntohl(header.hdr_entries));
-		if (ntohl(header.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit)
-			do_keep = 0;
-		else
-			do_keep = 1;
-	}
-
-	if (do_keep) {
-		if (pack_lockfile)
-			cmd.out = -1;
-		*av++ = "index-pack";
-		*av++ = "--stdin";
-		if (!args.quiet && !args.no_progress)
-			*av++ = "-v";
-		if (args.use_thin_pack)
-			*av++ = "--fix-thin";
-		if (args.lock_pack || unpack_limit) {
-			int s = sprintf(keep_arg,
-					"--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
-			if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
-				strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
-			*av++ = keep_arg;
 		}
-	}
-	else {
-		*av++ = "unpack-objects";
-		if (args.quiet || args.no_progress)
-			*av++ = "-q";
-	}
-	if (*hdr_arg)
-		*av++ = hdr_arg;
-	if (fetch_fsck_objects >= 0
-	    ? fetch_fsck_objects
-	    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
-	    ? transfer_fsck_objects
-	    : 0)
-		*av++ = "--strict";
-	*av++ = NULL;
-
-	cmd.in = demux.out;
-	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
-	if (start_command(&cmd))
-		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", argv[0]);
-	if (do_keep && pack_lockfile) {
-		*pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(cmd.out);
-		close(cmd.out);
+		usage(fetch_pack_usage);
 	}
 
-	if (finish_command(&cmd))
-		die("%s failed", argv[0]);
-	if (use_sideband && finish_async(&demux))
-		die("error in sideband demultiplexer");
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(int fd[2],
-		const struct ref *orig_ref,
-		int nr_match,
-		char **match,
-		char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	if (i < argc)
+		dest = argv[i++];
+	else
+		usage(fetch_pack_usage);
 
-	if (is_repository_shallow() && !server_supports("shallow"))
-		die("Server does not support shallow clients");
-	if (server_supports("multi_ack_detailed")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack_detailed\n");
-		multi_ack = 2;
-		if (server_supports("no-done")) {
-			if (args.verbose)
-				fprintf(stderr, "Server supports no-done\n");
-			if (args.stateless_rpc)
-				no_done = 1;
-		}
-	}
-	else if (server_supports("multi_ack")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack\n");
-		multi_ack = 1;
-	}
-	if (server_supports("side-band-64k")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band-64k\n");
-		use_sideband = 2;
-	}
-	else if (server_supports("side-band")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band\n");
-		use_sideband = 1;
-	}
-	if (server_supports("ofs-delta")) {
-		if (args.verbose)
-			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports ofs-delta\n");
-	} else
-		prefer_ofs_delta = 0;
-	if (everything_local(&ref, nr_match, match)) {
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		goto all_done;
-	}
-	if (find_common(fd, sha1, ref) < 0)
-		if (!args.keep_pack)
-			/* When cloning, it is not unusual to have
-			 * no common commit.
+	/*
+	 * Copy refs from cmdline to growable list, then append any
+	 * refs from the standard input:
+	 */
+	for (; i < argc; i++)
+		add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought, &alloc_sought, argv[i]);
+	if (args.stdin_refs) {
+		if (args.stateless_rpc) {
+			/* in stateless RPC mode we use pkt-line to read
+			 * from stdin, until we get a flush packet
 			 */
-			warning("no common commits");
-
-	if (args.stateless_rpc)
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-	if (get_pack(fd, pack_lockfile))
-		die("git fetch-pack: fetch failed.");
-
- all_done:
-	return ref;
-}
-
-static int remove_duplicates(int nr_heads, char **heads)
-{
-	int src, dst;
-
-	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr_heads; src++) {
-		/* If heads[src] is different from any of
-		 * heads[0..dst], push it in.
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < dst; i++) {
-			if (!strcmp(heads[i], heads[src]))
-				break;
-		}
-		if (i < dst)
-			continue;
-		if (src != dst)
-			heads[dst] = heads[src];
-		dst++;
-	}
-	return dst;
-}
-
-static int fetch_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (strcmp(var, "fetch.unpacklimit") == 0) {
-		fetch_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (strcmp(var, "transfer.unpacklimit") == 0) {
-		transfer_unpack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset") == 0) {
-		prefer_ofs_delta = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "fetch.fsckobjects")) {
-		fetch_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "transfer.fsckobjects")) {
-		transfer_fsck_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
-}
-
-static struct lock_file lock;
-
-static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
-{
-	static int did_setup;
-	if (did_setup)
-		return;
-	git_config(fetch_pack_config, NULL);
-	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
-		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
-	else if (0 <= fetch_unpack_limit)
-		unpack_limit = fetch_unpack_limit;
-	did_setup = 1;
-}
-
-int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	int i, ret, nr_heads;
-	struct ref *ref = NULL;
-	char *dest = NULL, **heads;
-	int fd[2];
-	char *pack_lockfile = NULL;
-	char **pack_lockfile_ptr = NULL;
-	struct child_process *conn;
-
-	packet_trace_identity("fetch-pack");
-
-	nr_heads = 0;
-	heads = NULL;
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		const char *arg = argv[i];
-
-		if (*arg == '-') {
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--upload-pack=")) {
-				args.uploadpack = arg + 14;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--exec=")) {
-				args.uploadpack = arg + 7;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--quiet", arg) || !strcmp("-q", arg)) {
-				args.quiet = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--keep", arg) || !strcmp("-k", arg)) {
-				args.lock_pack = args.keep_pack;
-				args.keep_pack = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--thin", arg)) {
-				args.use_thin_pack = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--include-tag", arg)) {
-				args.include_tag = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--all", arg)) {
-				args.fetch_all = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("-v", arg)) {
-				args.verbose = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--depth=")) {
-				args.depth = strtol(arg + 8, NULL, 0);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--no-progress", arg)) {
-				args.no_progress = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--stateless-rpc", arg)) {
-				args.stateless_rpc = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (!strcmp("--lock-pack", arg)) {
-				args.lock_pack = 1;
-				pack_lockfile_ptr = &pack_lockfile;
-				continue;
+			for (;;) {
+				char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
+				if (!line)
+					break;
+				add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought,  &alloc_sought, line);
 			}
-			usage(fetch_pack_usage);
 		}
-		dest = (char *)arg;
-		heads = (char **)(argv + i + 1);
-		nr_heads = argc - i - 1;
-		break;
+		else {
+			/* read from stdin one ref per line, until EOF */
+			struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+			while (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin, '\n') != EOF)
+				add_sought_entry(&sought, &nr_sought, &alloc_sought, line.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&line);
+		}
 	}
-	if (!dest)
-		usage(fetch_pack_usage);
 
 	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
 		conn = NULL;
 		fd[0] = 0;
 		fd[1] = 1;
 	} else {
-		conn = git_connect(fd, (char *)dest, args.uploadpack,
-				   args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
-	}
-
-	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &ref, 0, NULL);
-
-	ref = fetch_pack(&args, fd, conn, ref, dest,
-		nr_heads, heads, pack_lockfile_ptr);
+		int flags = args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0;
+		if (args.diag_url)
+			flags |= CONNECT_DIAG_URL;
+		conn = git_connect(fd, dest, args.uploadpack,
+				   flags);
+		if (!conn)
+			return args.diag_url ? 0 : 1;
+	}
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], NULL, 0, &ref, 0, NULL, &shallow);
+
+	ref = fetch_pack(&args, fd, conn, ref, dest, sought, nr_sought,
+			 &shallow, pack_lockfile_ptr);
 	if (pack_lockfile) {
 		printf("lock %s\n", pack_lockfile);
 		fflush(stdout);
 	}
+	if (args.check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+	    args.self_contained_and_connected) {
+		printf("connectivity-ok\n");
+		fflush(stdout);
+	}
 	close(fd[0]);
 	close(fd[1]);
 	if (finish_connect(conn))
-		ref = NULL;
+		return 1;
+
 	ret = !ref;
 
-	if (!ret && nr_heads) {
-		/* If the heads to pull were given, we should have
-		 * consumed all of them by matching the remote.
-		 * Otherwise, 'git fetch remote no-such-ref' would
-		 * silently succeed without issuing an error.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-			if (heads[i] && heads[i][0]) {
-				error("no such remote ref %s", heads[i]);
-				ret = 1;
-			}
+	/*
+	 * If the heads to pull were given, we should have consumed
+	 * all of them by matching the remote.  Otherwise, 'git fetch
+	 * remote no-such-ref' would silently succeed without issuing
+	 * an error.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++) {
+		if (!sought[i] || sought[i]->matched)
+			continue;
+		error("no such remote ref %s", sought[i]->name);
+		ret = 1;
 	}
+
 	while (ref) {
 		printf("%s %s\n",
 		       sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ref->name);
@@ -1016,64 +216,3 @@ int cmd_fetch_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	return ret;
 }
-
-struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *my_args,
-		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-		       const struct ref *ref,
-		const char *dest,
-		int nr_heads,
-		char **heads,
-		char **pack_lockfile)
-{
-	struct stat st;
-	struct ref *ref_cpy;
-
-	fetch_pack_setup();
-	if (&args != my_args)
-		memcpy(&args, my_args, sizeof(args));
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		if (stat(git_path("shallow"), &st))
-			st.st_mtime = 0;
-	}
-
-	if (heads && nr_heads)
-		nr_heads = remove_duplicates(nr_heads, heads);
-	if (!ref) {
-		packet_flush(fd[1]);
-		die("no matching remote head");
-	}
-	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(fd, ref, nr_heads, heads, pack_lockfile);
-
-	if (args.depth > 0) {
-		struct cache_time mtime;
-		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-		char *shallow = git_path("shallow");
-		int fd;
-
-		mtime.sec = st.st_mtime;
-		mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
-		if (stat(shallow, &st)) {
-			if (mtime.sec)
-				die("shallow file was removed during fetch");
-		} else if (st.st_mtime != mtime.sec
-#ifdef USE_NSEC
-				|| ST_MTIME_NSEC(st) != mtime.nsec
-#endif
-			  )
-			die("shallow file was changed during fetch");
-
-		fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, shallow,
-					       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-		if (!write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0)
-		 || write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len) {
-			unlink_or_warn(shallow);
-			rollback_lock_file(&lock);
-		} else {
-			commit_lock_file(&lock);
-		}
-		strbuf_release(&sb);
-	}
-
-	reprepare_packed_git();
-	return ref_cpy;
-}
diff --git a/builtin/fetch.c b/builtin/fetch.c
index 65f5f9b72f..f9512652cf 100644
--- a/builtin/fetch.c
+++ b/builtin/fetch.c
@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
-#include "transport.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "connected.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_fetch_usage[] = {
-	"git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]",
-	"git fetch [<options>] <group>",
-	"git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]",
-	"git fetch --all [<options>]",
+	N_("git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"),
+	N_("git fetch [<options>] <group>"),
+	N_("git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"),
+	N_("git fetch --all [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -29,15 +29,23 @@ enum {
 	TAGS_SET = 2
 };
 
-static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, prune, update_head_ok, verbosity;
+static int fetch_prune_config = -1; /* unspecified */
+static int prune = -1; /* unspecified */
+#define PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT 0 /* do we prune by default? */
+
+static int all, append, dry_run, force, keep, multiple, update_head_ok, verbosity;
 static int progress = -1, recurse_submodules = RECURSE_SUBMODULES_DEFAULT;
-static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT;
+static int tags = TAGS_DEFAULT, unshallow, update_shallow;
 static const char *depth;
 static const char *upload_pack;
 static struct strbuf default_rla = STRBUF_INIT;
-static struct transport *transport;
+static struct transport *gtransport;
+static struct transport *gsecondary;
 static const char *submodule_prefix = "";
 static const char *recurse_submodules_default;
+static int shown_url = 0;
+static int refmap_alloc, refmap_nr;
+static const char **refmap_array;
 
 static int option_parse_recurse_submodules(const struct option *opt,
 				   const char *arg, int unset)
@@ -53,46 +61,77 @@ static int option_parse_recurse_submodules(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int git_fetch_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(k, "fetch.prune")) {
+		fetch_prune_config = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
+}
+
+static int parse_refmap_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(refmap_array, refmap_nr + 1, refmap_alloc);
+
+	/*
+	 * "git fetch --refmap='' origin foo"
+	 * can be used to tell the command not to store anywhere
+	 */
+	if (*arg)
+		refmap_array[refmap_nr++] = arg;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static struct option builtin_fetch_options[] = {
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all,
-		    "fetch from all remotes"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "append", &append,
-		    "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, "path",
-		   "path to upload pack on remote end"),
-	OPT__FORCE(&force, "force overwrite of local branch"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "multiple", &multiple,
-		    "fetch from multiple remotes"),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all,
+		 N_("fetch from all remotes")),
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "append", &append,
+		 N_("append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "upload-pack", &upload_pack, N_("path"),
+		   N_("path to upload pack on remote end")),
+	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force overwrite of local branch")),
+	OPT_BOOL('m', "multiple", &multiple,
+		 N_("fetch from multiple remotes")),
 	OPT_SET_INT('t', "tags", &tags,
-		    "fetch all tags and associated objects", TAGS_SET),
+		    N_("fetch all tags and associated objects"), TAGS_SET),
 	OPT_SET_INT('n', NULL, &tags,
-		    "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)", TAGS_UNSET),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-		    "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"),
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", NULL, "on-demand",
-		    "control recursive fetching of submodules",
+		    N_("do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"), TAGS_UNSET),
+	OPT_BOOL('p', "prune", &prune,
+		 N_("prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", NULL, N_("on-demand"),
+		    N_("control recursive fetching of submodules"),
 		    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
-		    "dry run"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "keep", &keep, "keep downloaded pack"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
-		    "allow updating of HEAD ref"),
-	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, "force progress reporting"),
-	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, "depth",
-		   "deepen history of shallow clone"),
-	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, "dir",
-		   "prepend this to submodule path output", PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dry-run", &dry_run,
+		 N_("dry run")),
+	OPT_BOOL('k', "keep", &keep, N_("keep downloaded pack")),
+	OPT_BOOL('u', "update-head-ok", &update_head_ok,
+		    N_("allow updating of HEAD ref")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
+	OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, N_("depth"),
+		   N_("deepen history of shallow clone")),
+	{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "unshallow", &unshallow, NULL,
+		   N_("convert to a complete repository"),
+		   PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, 1 },
+	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "submodule-prefix", &submodule_prefix, N_("dir"),
+		   N_("prepend this to submodule path output"), PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
 	{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "recurse-submodules-default",
 		   &recurse_submodules_default, NULL,
-		   "default mode for recursion", PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+		   N_("default mode for recursion"), PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "update-shallow", &update_shallow,
+		 N_("accept refs that update .git/shallow")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "refmap", NULL, N_("refmap"),
+	  N_("specify fetch refmap"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, parse_refmap_arg },
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
 static void unlock_pack(void)
 {
-	if (transport)
-		transport_unlock_pack(transport);
+	if (gtransport)
+		transport_unlock_pack(gtransport);
+	if (gsecondary)
+		transport_unlock_pack(gsecondary);
 }
 
 static void unlock_pack_on_signal(int signo)
@@ -115,7 +154,7 @@ static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
 
 		for (rm = *head; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 			if (branch_merge_matches(branch, i, rm->name)) {
-				rm->merge = 1;
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -136,36 +175,172 @@ static void add_merge_config(struct ref **head,
 		refspec.src = branch->merge[i]->src;
 		get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspec, tail, 1);
 		for (rm = *old_tail; rm; rm = rm->next)
-			rm->merge = 1;
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+	}
+}
+
+static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			int flag, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cbdata;
+	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(list, refname);
+	item->util = xmalloc(20);
+	hashcpy(item->util, sha1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int will_fetch(struct ref **head, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct ref *rm = *head;
+	while (rm) {
+		if (!hashcmp(rm->old_sha1, sha1))
+			return 1;
+		rm = rm->next;
 	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void find_non_local_tags(struct transport *transport,
 			struct ref **head,
-			struct ref ***tail);
+			struct ref ***tail)
+{
+	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list remote_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	const struct ref *ref;
+	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
+
+	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
+	for (ref = transport_get_remote_refs(transport); ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * The peeled ref always follows the matching base
+		 * ref, so if we see a peeled ref that we don't want
+		 * to fetch then we can mark the ref entry in the list
+		 * as one to ignore by setting util to NULL.
+		 */
+		if (ends_with(ref->name, "^{}")) {
+			if (item && !has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1) &&
+			    !will_fetch(head, ref->old_sha1) &&
+			    !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
+			    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
+				item->util = NULL;
+			item = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If item is non-NULL here, then we previously saw a
+		 * ref not followed by a peeled reference, so we need
+		 * to check if it is a lightweight tag that we want to
+		 * fetch.
+		 */
+		if (item && !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
+		    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
+			item->util = NULL;
+
+		item = NULL;
+
+		/* skip duplicates and refs that we already have */
+		if (string_list_has_string(&remote_refs, ref->name) ||
+		    string_list_has_string(&existing_refs, ref->name))
+			continue;
+
+		item = string_list_insert(&remote_refs, ref->name);
+		item->util = (void *)ref->old_sha1;
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * We may have a final lightweight tag that needs to be
+	 * checked to see if it needs fetching.
+	 */
+	if (item && !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
+	    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
+		item->util = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs string list,
+	 * add them to the list of refs to be fetched
+	 */
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &remote_refs) {
+		/* Unless we have already decided to ignore this item... */
+		if (item->util)
+		{
+			struct ref *rm = alloc_ref(item->string);
+			rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->string);
+			hashcpy(rm->old_sha1, item->util);
+			**tail = rm;
+			*tail = &rm->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&remote_refs, 0);
+}
 
 static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
-			       struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, int tags,
-			       int *autotags)
+			       struct refspec *refspecs, int refspec_count,
+			       int tags, int *autotags)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	struct ref *ref_map = NULL;
 	struct ref **tail = &ref_map;
 
+	/* opportunistically-updated references: */
+	struct ref *orefs = NULL, **oref_tail = &orefs;
+
 	const struct ref *remote_refs = transport_get_remote_refs(transport);
 
-	if (ref_count || tags == TAGS_SET) {
-		for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
-			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refs[i], &tail, 0);
-			if (refs[i].dst && refs[i].dst[0])
+	if (refspec_count) {
+		struct refspec *fetch_refspec;
+		int fetch_refspec_nr;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < refspec_count; i++) {
+			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, &refspecs[i], &tail, 0);
+			if (refspecs[i].dst && refspecs[i].dst[0])
 				*autotags = 1;
 		}
-		/* Merge everything on the command line, but not --tags */
+		/* Merge everything on the command line (but not --tags) */
 		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next)
-			rm->merge = 1;
+			rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+
+		/*
+		 * For any refs that we happen to be fetching via
+		 * command-line arguments, the destination ref might
+		 * have been missing or have been different than the
+		 * remote-tracking ref that would be derived from the
+		 * configured refspec.  In these cases, we want to
+		 * take the opportunity to update their configured
+		 * remote-tracking reference.  However, we do not want
+		 * to mention these entries in FETCH_HEAD at all, as
+		 * they would simply be duplicates of existing
+		 * entries, so we set them FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE below.
+		 *
+		 * We compute these entries now, based only on the
+		 * refspecs specified on the command line.  But we add
+		 * them to the list following the refspecs resulting
+		 * from the tags option so that one of the latter,
+		 * which has FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE, is not removed
+		 * by ref_remove_duplicates() in favor of one of these
+		 * opportunistic entries with FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE.
+		 */
+		if (refmap_array) {
+			fetch_refspec = parse_fetch_refspec(refmap_nr, refmap_array);
+			fetch_refspec_nr = refmap_nr;
+		} else {
+			fetch_refspec = transport->remote->fetch;
+			fetch_refspec_nr = transport->remote->fetch_refspec_nr;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
+			get_fetch_map(ref_map, &fetch_refspec[i], &oref_tail, 1);
+
 		if (tags == TAGS_SET)
 			get_fetch_map(remote_refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+	} else if (refmap_array) {
+		die("--refmap option is only meaningful with command-line refspec(s).");
 	} else {
 		/* Use the defaults */
 		struct remote *remote = transport->remote;
@@ -182,7 +357,7 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 					*autotags = 1;
 				if (!i && !has_merge && ref_map &&
 				    !remote->fetch[0].pattern)
-					ref_map->merge = 1;
+					ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 			}
 			/*
 			 * if the remote we're fetching from is the same
@@ -198,15 +373,25 @@ static struct ref *get_ref_map(struct transport *transport,
 			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, "HEAD");
 			if (!ref_map)
 				die(_("Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"));
-			ref_map->merge = 1;
+			ref_map->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
 			tail = &ref_map->next;
 		}
 	}
-	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && *autotags)
+
+	if (tags == TAGS_SET)
+		/* also fetch all tags */
+		get_fetch_map(remote_refs, tag_refspec, &tail, 0);
+	else if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && *autotags)
 		find_non_local_tags(transport, &ref_map, &tail);
-	ref_remove_duplicates(ref_map);
 
-	return ref_map;
+	/* Now append any refs to be updated opportunistically: */
+	*tail = orefs;
+	for (rm = orefs; rm; rm = rm->next) {
+		rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
+		tail = &rm->next;
+	}
+
+	return ref_remove_duplicates(ref_map);
 }
 
 #define STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER 1
@@ -218,28 +403,46 @@ static int s_update_ref(const char *action,
 {
 	char msg[1024];
 	char *rla = getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION");
-	static struct ref_lock *lock;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret, df_conflict = 0;
 
 	if (dry_run)
 		return 0;
 	if (!rla)
 		rla = default_rla.buf;
 	snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%s: %s", rla, action);
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref->name,
-				       check_old ? ref->old_sha1 : NULL, 0);
-	if (!lock)
-		return errno == ENOTDIR ? STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT :
-					  STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, ref->new_sha1, msg) < 0)
-		return errno == ENOTDIR ? STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT :
-					  STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
+
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref->name,
+				   ref->new_sha1,
+				   check_old ? ref->old_sha1 : NULL,
+				   0, msg, &err))
+		goto fail;
+
+	ret = ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err);
+	if (ret) {
+		df_conflict = (ret == TRANSACTION_NAME_CONFLICT);
+		goto fail;
+	}
+
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 	return 0;
+fail:
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	error("%s", err.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	return df_conflict ? STORE_REF_ERROR_DF_CONFLICT
+			   : STORE_REF_ERROR_OTHER;
 }
 
 #define REFCOL_WIDTH  10
 
 static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 			    const char *remote,
+			    const struct ref *remote_ref,
 			    struct strbuf *display)
 {
 	struct commit *current = NULL, *updated;
@@ -254,9 +457,8 @@ static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 	if (!hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->new_sha1)) {
 		if (verbosity > 0)
 			strbuf_addf(display, "= %-*s %-*s -> %s",
-				    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH,
-				    _("[up to date]"), REFCOL_WIDTH,
-				    remote, pretty_ref);
+				    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[up to date]")),
+				    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -270,18 +472,18 @@ static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 		 */
 		strbuf_addf(display,
 			    _("! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"),
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[rejected]"),
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[rejected]")),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if (!is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
-	    !prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
+	    starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/")) {
 		int r;
 		r = s_update_ref("updating tag", ref, 0);
 		strbuf_addf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s%s",
 			    r ? '!' : '-',
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[tag update]"),
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[tag update]")),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    r ? _("  (unable to update local ref)") : "");
 		return r;
@@ -293,28 +495,36 @@ static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 		const char *msg;
 		const char *what;
 		int r;
-		if (!strncmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/", 10)) {
+		/*
+		 * Nicely describe the new ref we're fetching.
+		 * Base this on the remote's ref name, as it's
+		 * more likely to follow a standard layout.
+		 */
+		const char *name = remote_ref ? remote_ref->name : "";
+		if (starts_with(name, "refs/tags/")) {
 			msg = "storing tag";
 			what = _("[new tag]");
-		}
-		else {
+		} else if (starts_with(name, "refs/heads/")) {
 			msg = "storing head";
 			what = _("[new branch]");
-			if ((recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) &&
-			    (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON))
-				check_for_new_submodule_commits(ref->new_sha1);
+		} else {
+			msg = "storing ref";
+			what = _("[new ref]");
 		}
 
+		if ((recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) &&
+		    (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON))
+			check_for_new_submodule_commits(ref->new_sha1);
 		r = s_update_ref(msg, ref, 0);
 		strbuf_addf(display, "%c %-*s %-*s -> %s%s",
 			    r ? '!' : '*',
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, what,
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(what),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    r ? _("  (unable to update local ref)") : "");
 		return r;
 	}
 
-	if (in_merge_bases(current, &updated, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(current, updated)) {
 		char quickref[83];
 		int r;
 		strcpy(quickref, find_unique_abbrev(current->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
@@ -348,7 +558,7 @@ static int update_local_ref(struct ref *ref,
 		return r;
 	} else {
 		strbuf_addf(display, "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  %s",
-			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[rejected]"),
+			    TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[rejected]")),
 			    REFCOL_WIDTH, remote, pretty_ref,
 			    _("(non-fast-forward)"));
 		return 1;
@@ -360,6 +570,8 @@ static int iterate_ref_map(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
 	struct ref **rm = cb_data;
 	struct ref *ref = *rm;
 
+	while (ref && ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW)
+		ref = ref->next;
 	if (!ref)
 		return -1; /* end of the list */
 	*rm = ref->next;
@@ -372,12 +584,12 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 {
 	FILE *fp;
 	struct commit *commit;
-	int url_len, i, shown_url = 0, rc = 0;
+	int url_len, i, rc = 0;
 	struct strbuf note = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *what, *kind;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	char *url, *filename = dry_run ? "/dev/null" : git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
-	int want_merge;
+	int want_status;
 
 	fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 	if (!fp)
@@ -395,19 +607,29 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * The first pass writes objects to be merged and then the
-	 * second pass writes the rest, in order to allow using
-	 * FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
+	 * We do a pass for each fetch_head_status type in their enum order, so
+	 * merged entries are written before not-for-merge. That lets readers
+	 * use FETCH_HEAD as a refname to refer to the ref to be merged.
 	 */
-	for (want_merge = 1; 0 <= want_merge; want_merge--) {
+	for (want_status = FETCH_HEAD_MERGE;
+	     want_status <= FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE;
+	     want_status++) {
 		for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 			struct ref *ref = NULL;
+			const char *merge_status_marker = "";
+
+			if (rm->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW) {
+				if (want_status == FETCH_HEAD_MERGE)
+					warning(_("reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"),
+						rm->peer_ref ? rm->peer_ref->name : rm->name);
+				continue;
+			}
 
 			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(rm->old_sha1, 1);
 			if (!commit)
-				rm->merge = 0;
+				rm->fetch_head_status = FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE;
 
-			if (rm->merge != want_merge)
+			if (rm->fetch_head_status != want_status)
 				continue;
 
 			if (rm->peer_ref) {
@@ -423,15 +645,15 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 				kind = "";
 				what = "";
 			}
-			else if (!prefixcmp(rm->name, "refs/heads/")) {
+			else if (starts_with(rm->name, "refs/heads/")) {
 				kind = "branch";
 				what = rm->name + 11;
 			}
-			else if (!prefixcmp(rm->name, "refs/tags/")) {
+			else if (starts_with(rm->name, "refs/tags/")) {
 				kind = "tag";
 				what = rm->name + 10;
 			}
-			else if (!prefixcmp(rm->name, "refs/remotes/")) {
+			else if (starts_with(rm->name, "refs/remotes/")) {
 				kind = "remote-tracking branch";
 				what = rm->name + 13;
 			}
@@ -453,20 +675,30 @@ static int store_updated_refs(const char *raw_url, const char *remote_name,
 					strbuf_addf(&note, "%s ", kind);
 				strbuf_addf(&note, "'%s' of ", what);
 			}
-			fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
-				sha1_to_hex(rm->old_sha1),
-				rm->merge ? "" : "not-for-merge",
-				note.buf);
-			for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
-				if ('\n' == url[i])
-					fputs("\\n", fp);
-				else
-					fputc(url[i], fp);
-			fputc('\n', fp);
+			switch (rm->fetch_head_status) {
+			case FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE:
+				merge_status_marker = "not-for-merge";
+				/* fall-through */
+			case FETCH_HEAD_MERGE:
+				fprintf(fp, "%s\t%s\t%s",
+					sha1_to_hex(rm->old_sha1),
+					merge_status_marker,
+					note.buf);
+				for (i = 0; i < url_len; ++i)
+					if ('\n' == url[i])
+						fputs("\\n", fp);
+					else
+						fputc(url[i], fp);
+				fputc('\n', fp);
+				break;
+			default:
+				/* do not write anything to FETCH_HEAD */
+				break;
+			}
 
 			strbuf_reset(&note);
 			if (ref) {
-				rc |= update_local_ref(ref, what, &note);
+				rc |= update_local_ref(ref, what, rm, &note);
 				free(ref);
 			} else
 				strbuf_addf(&note, "* %-*s %-*s -> FETCH_HEAD",
@@ -532,127 +764,48 @@ static int fetch_refs(struct transport *transport, struct ref *ref_map)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int prune_refs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *ref_map)
+static int prune_refs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *ref_map,
+		const char *raw_url)
 {
-	int result = 0;
+	int url_len, i, result = 0;
 	struct ref *ref, *stale_refs = get_stale_heads(refs, ref_count, ref_map);
+	char *url;
 	const char *dangling_msg = dry_run
-		? _("   (%s will become dangling)\n")
-		: _("   (%s has become dangling)\n");
+		? _("   (%s will become dangling)")
+		: _("   (%s has become dangling)");
+
+	if (raw_url)
+		url = transport_anonymize_url(raw_url);
+	else
+		url = xstrdup("foreign");
+
+	url_len = strlen(url);
+	for (i = url_len - 1; url[i] == '/' && 0 <= i; i--)
+		;
+
+	url_len = i + 1;
+	if (4 < i && !strncmp(".git", url + i - 3, 4))
+		url_len = i - 3;
 
 	for (ref = stale_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 		if (!dry_run)
 			result |= delete_ref(ref->name, NULL, 0);
+		if (verbosity >= 0 && !shown_url) {
+			fprintf(stderr, _("From %.*s\n"), url_len, url);
+			shown_url = 1;
+		}
 		if (verbosity >= 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, " x %-*s %-*s -> %s\n",
-				TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH, _("[deleted]"),
+				TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(_("[deleted]")),
 				REFCOL_WIDTH, _("(none)"), prettify_refname(ref->name));
 			warn_dangling_symref(stderr, dangling_msg, ref->name);
 		}
 	}
+	free(url);
 	free_refs(stale_refs);
 	return result;
 }
 
-static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			int flag, void *cbdata)
-{
-	struct string_list *list = (struct string_list *)cbdata;
-	struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert(list, refname);
-	item->util = (void *)sha1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int will_fetch(struct ref **head, const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	struct ref *rm = *head;
-	while (rm) {
-		if (!hashcmp(rm->old_sha1, sha1))
-			return 1;
-		rm = rm->next;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void find_non_local_tags(struct transport *transport,
-			struct ref **head,
-			struct ref ***tail)
-{
-	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	struct string_list remote_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	const struct ref *ref;
-	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
-
-	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
-	for (ref = transport_get_remote_refs(transport); ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		if (prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
-			continue;
-
-		/*
-		 * The peeled ref always follows the matching base
-		 * ref, so if we see a peeled ref that we don't want
-		 * to fetch then we can mark the ref entry in the list
-		 * as one to ignore by setting util to NULL.
-		 */
-		if (!suffixcmp(ref->name, "^{}")) {
-			if (item && !has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1) &&
-			    !will_fetch(head, ref->old_sha1) &&
-			    !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
-			    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
-				item->util = NULL;
-			item = NULL;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * If item is non-NULL here, then we previously saw a
-		 * ref not followed by a peeled reference, so we need
-		 * to check if it is a lightweight tag that we want to
-		 * fetch.
-		 */
-		if (item && !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
-		    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
-			item->util = NULL;
-
-		item = NULL;
-
-		/* skip duplicates and refs that we already have */
-		if (string_list_has_string(&remote_refs, ref->name) ||
-		    string_list_has_string(&existing_refs, ref->name))
-			continue;
-
-		item = string_list_insert(&remote_refs, ref->name);
-		item->util = (void *)ref->old_sha1;
-	}
-	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 0);
-
-	/*
-	 * We may have a final lightweight tag that needs to be
-	 * checked to see if it needs fetching.
-	 */
-	if (item && !has_sha1_file(item->util) &&
-	    !will_fetch(head, item->util))
-		item->util = NULL;
-
-	/*
-	 * For all the tags in the remote_refs string list,
-	 * add them to the list of refs to be fetched
-	 */
-	for_each_string_list_item(item, &remote_refs) {
-		/* Unless we have already decided to ignore this item... */
-		if (item->util)
-		{
-			struct ref *rm = alloc_ref(item->string);
-			rm->peer_ref = alloc_ref(item->string);
-			hashcpy(rm->old_sha1, item->util);
-			**tail = rm;
-			*tail = &rm->next;
-		}
-	}
-
-	string_list_clear(&remote_refs, 0);
-}
-
 static void check_not_current_branch(struct ref *ref_map)
 {
 	struct branch *current_branch = branch_get(NULL);
@@ -678,14 +831,58 @@ static int truncate_fetch_head(void)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void set_option(struct transport *transport, const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
+	if (r < 0)
+		die(_("Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"),
+		    name, value, transport->url);
+	if (r > 0)
+		warning(_("Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"),
+			name, transport->url);
+}
+
+static struct transport *prepare_transport(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	struct transport *transport;
+	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
+	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
+	if (upload_pack)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
+	if (keep)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
+	if (depth)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
+	if (update_shallow)
+		set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_UPDATE_SHALLOW, "yes");
+	return transport;
+}
+
+static void backfill_tags(struct transport *transport, struct ref *ref_map)
+{
+	if (transport->cannot_reuse) {
+		gsecondary = prepare_transport(transport->remote);
+		transport = gsecondary;
+	}
+
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
+	fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
+
+	if (gsecondary) {
+		transport_disconnect(gsecondary);
+		gsecondary = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
 static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 		    struct refspec *refs, int ref_count)
 {
-	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	struct string_list_item *peer_item = NULL;
+	struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct ref *ref_map;
 	struct ref *rm;
 	int autotags = (transport->remote->fetch_tags == 1);
+	int retcode = 0;
 
 	for_each_ref(add_existing, &existing_refs);
 
@@ -701,9 +898,9 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 
 	/* if not appending, truncate FETCH_HEAD */
 	if (!append && !dry_run) {
-		int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
-		if (errcode)
-			return errcode;
+		retcode = truncate_fetch_head();
+		if (retcode)
+			goto cleanup;
 	}
 
 	ref_map = get_ref_map(transport, refs, ref_count, tags, &autotags);
@@ -712,8 +909,9 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 
 	for (rm = ref_map; rm; rm = rm->next) {
 		if (rm->peer_ref) {
-			peer_item = string_list_lookup(&existing_refs,
-						       rm->peer_ref->name);
+			struct string_list_item *peer_item =
+				string_list_lookup(&existing_refs,
+						   rm->peer_ref->name);
 			if (peer_item)
 				hashcpy(rm->peer_ref->old_sha1,
 					peer_item->util);
@@ -722,35 +920,26 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 
 	if (tags == TAGS_DEFAULT && autotags)
 		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, "1");
-	if (fetch_refs(transport, ref_map)) {
-		free_refs(ref_map);
-		return 1;
-	}
 	if (prune) {
-		/* If --tags was specified, pretend the user gave us the canonical tags refspec */
-		if (tags == TAGS_SET) {
-			const char *tags_str = "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*";
-			struct refspec *tags_refspec, *refspec;
-
-			/* Copy the refspec and add the tags to it */
-			refspec = xcalloc(ref_count + 1, sizeof(struct refspec));
-			tags_refspec = parse_fetch_refspec(1, &tags_str);
-			memcpy(refspec, refs, ref_count * sizeof(struct refspec));
-			memcpy(&refspec[ref_count], tags_refspec, sizeof(struct refspec));
-			ref_count++;
-
-			prune_refs(refspec, ref_count, ref_map);
-
-			ref_count--;
-			/* The rest of the strings belong to fetch_one */
-			free_refspec(1, tags_refspec);
-			free(refspec);
-		} else if (ref_count) {
-			prune_refs(refs, ref_count, ref_map);
+		/*
+		 * We only prune based on refspecs specified
+		 * explicitly (via command line or configuration); we
+		 * don't care whether --tags was specified.
+		 */
+		if (ref_count) {
+			prune_refs(refs, ref_count, ref_map, transport->url);
 		} else {
-			prune_refs(transport->remote->fetch, transport->remote->fetch_refspec_nr, ref_map);
+			prune_refs(transport->remote->fetch,
+				   transport->remote->fetch_refspec_nr,
+				   ref_map,
+				   transport->url);
 		}
 	}
+	if (fetch_refs(transport, ref_map)) {
+		free_refs(ref_map);
+		retcode = 1;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
 	free_refs(ref_map);
 
 	/* if neither --no-tags nor --tags was specified, do automated tag
@@ -759,26 +948,14 @@ static int do_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 		struct ref **tail = &ref_map;
 		ref_map = NULL;
 		find_non_local_tags(transport, &ref_map, &tail);
-		if (ref_map) {
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS, NULL);
-			transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, "0");
-			fetch_refs(transport, ref_map);
-		}
+		if (ref_map)
+			backfill_tags(transport, ref_map);
 		free_refs(ref_map);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
-{
-	int r = transport_set_option(transport, name, value);
-	if (r < 0)
-		die(_("Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"),
-			name, value, transport->url);
-	if (r > 0)
-		warning(_("Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"),
-			name, transport->url);
+ cleanup:
+	string_list_clear(&existing_refs, 1);
+	return retcode;
 }
 
 static int get_one_remote_for_fetch(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
@@ -798,7 +975,7 @@ static int get_remote_group(const char *key, const char *value, void *priv)
 {
 	struct remote_group_data *g = priv;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(key, "remotes.") &&
+	if (starts_with(key, "remotes.") &&
 			!strcmp(key + 8, g->name)) {
 		/* split list by white space */
 		int space = strcspn(value, " \t\n");
@@ -832,38 +1009,39 @@ static int add_remote_or_group(const char *name, struct string_list *list)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void add_options_to_argv(int *argc, const char **argv)
+static void add_options_to_argv(struct argv_array *argv)
 {
 	if (dry_run)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--dry-run";
-	if (prune)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--prune";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--dry-run");
+	if (prune != -1)
+		argv_array_push(argv, prune ? "--prune" : "--no-prune");
 	if (update_head_ok)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--update-head-ok";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--update-head-ok");
 	if (force)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--force";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--force");
 	if (keep)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--keep";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--keep");
 	if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--recurse-submodules";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules");
 	else if (recurse_submodules == RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "--recurse-submodules=on-demand";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--recurse-submodules=on-demand");
+	if (tags == TAGS_SET)
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--tags");
+	else if (tags == TAGS_UNSET)
+		argv_array_push(argv, "--no-tags");
 	if (verbosity >= 2)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "-v";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "-v");
 	if (verbosity >= 1)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "-v";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "-v");
 	else if (verbosity < 0)
-		argv[(*argc)++] = "-q";
+		argv_array_push(argv, "-q");
 
 }
 
 static int fetch_multiple(struct string_list *list)
 {
 	int i, result = 0;
-	const char *argv[12] = { "fetch", "--append" };
-	int argc = 2;
-
-	add_options_to_argv(&argc, argv);
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	if (!append && !dry_run) {
 		int errcode = truncate_fetch_head();
@@ -871,24 +1049,27 @@ static int fetch_multiple(struct string_list *list)
 			return errcode;
 	}
 
+	argv_array_pushl(&argv, "fetch", "--append", NULL);
+	add_options_to_argv(&argv);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
 		const char *name = list->items[i].string;
-		argv[argc] = name;
-		argv[argc + 1] = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&argv, name);
 		if (verbosity >= 0)
 			printf(_("Fetching %s\n"), name);
-		if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
+		if (run_command_v_opt(argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD)) {
 			error(_("Could not fetch %s"), name);
 			result = 1;
 		}
+		argv_array_pop(&argv);
 	}
 
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
 	return result;
 }
 
 static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv)
 {
-	int i;
 	static const char **refs = NULL;
 	struct refspec *refspec;
 	int ref_nr = 0;
@@ -898,30 +1079,29 @@ static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv)
 		die(_("No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 		    "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."));
 
-	transport = transport_get(remote, NULL);
-	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
-	if (upload_pack)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_UPLOADPACK, upload_pack);
-	if (keep)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_KEEP, "yes");
-	if (depth)
-		set_option(TRANS_OPT_DEPTH, depth);
+	gtransport = prepare_transport(remote);
+
+	if (prune < 0) {
+		/* no command line request */
+		if (0 <= gtransport->remote->prune)
+			prune = gtransport->remote->prune;
+		else if (0 <= fetch_prune_config)
+			prune = fetch_prune_config;
+		else
+			prune = PRUNE_BY_DEFAULT;
+	}
 
 	if (argc > 0) {
 		int j = 0;
+		int i;
 		refs = xcalloc(argc + 1, sizeof(const char *));
 		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 			if (!strcmp(argv[i], "tag")) {
-				char *ref;
 				i++;
 				if (i >= argc)
 					die(_("You need to specify a tag name."));
-				ref = xmalloc(strlen(argv[i]) * 2 + 22);
-				strcpy(ref, "refs/tags/");
-				strcat(ref, argv[i]);
-				strcat(ref, ":refs/tags/");
-				strcat(ref, argv[i]);
-				refs[j++] = ref;
+				refs[j++] = xstrfmt("refs/tags/%s:refs/tags/%s",
+						    argv[i], argv[i]);
 			} else
 				refs[j++] = argv[i];
 		}
@@ -932,10 +1112,10 @@ static int fetch_one(struct remote *remote, int argc, const char **argv)
 	sigchain_push_common(unlock_pack_on_signal);
 	atexit(unlock_pack);
 	refspec = parse_fetch_refspec(ref_nr, refs);
-	exit_code = do_fetch(transport, refspec, ref_nr);
+	exit_code = do_fetch(gtransport, refspec, ref_nr);
 	free_refspec(ref_nr, refspec);
-	transport_disconnect(transport);
-	transport = NULL;
+	transport_disconnect(gtransport);
+	gtransport = NULL;
 	return exit_code;
 }
 
@@ -945,6 +1125,7 @@ int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct remote *remote;
 	int result = 0;
+	struct argv_array argv_gc_auto = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	packet_trace_identity("fetch");
 
@@ -953,9 +1134,27 @@ int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
 		strbuf_addf(&default_rla, " %s", argv[i]);
 
+	git_config(git_fetch_config, NULL);
+
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_fetch_options, builtin_fetch_usage, 0);
 
+	if (unshallow) {
+		if (depth)
+			die(_("--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"));
+		else if (!is_repository_shallow())
+			die(_("--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"));
+		else {
+			static char inf_depth[12];
+			sprintf(inf_depth, "%d", INFINITE_DEPTH);
+			depth = inf_depth;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* no need to be strict, transport_set_option() will validate it again */
+	if (depth && atoi(depth) < 1)
+		die(_("depth %s is not a positive number"), depth);
+
 	if (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF) {
 		if (recurse_submodules_default) {
 			int arg = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg("--recurse-submodules-default", recurse_submodules_default);
@@ -998,18 +1197,25 @@ int cmd_fetch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (!result && (recurse_submodules != RECURSE_SUBMODULES_OFF)) {
-		const char *options[10];
-		int num_options = 0;
-		add_options_to_argv(&num_options, options);
-		result = fetch_populated_submodules(num_options, options,
+		struct argv_array options = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+		add_options_to_argv(&options);
+		result = fetch_populated_submodules(&options,
 						    submodule_prefix,
 						    recurse_submodules,
 						    verbosity < 0);
+		argv_array_clear(&options);
 	}
 
 	/* All names were strdup()ed or strndup()ed */
 	list.strdup_strings = 1;
 	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
 
+	argv_array_pushl(&argv_gc_auto, "gc", "--auto", NULL);
+	if (verbosity < 0)
+		argv_array_push(&argv_gc_auto, "--quiet");
+	run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&argv_gc_auto);
+
 	return result;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
index c81a7fef26..1d962dc569 100644
--- a/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
+++ b/builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 static const char * const fmt_merge_msg_usage[] = {
-	"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>]|--no-log] [--file <file>]",
+	N_("git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ int fmt_merge_msg_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 			merge_log_config = DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN;
 	} else if (!strcmp(key, "merge.branchdesc")) {
 		use_branch_desc = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	} else {
+		return git_default_config(key, value, cb);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -53,32 +55,76 @@ static void init_src_data(struct src_data *data)
 static struct string_list srcs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 static struct string_list origins = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
-static int handle_line(char *line)
+struct merge_parents {
+	int alloc, nr;
+	struct merge_parent {
+		unsigned char given[20];
+		unsigned char commit[20];
+		unsigned char used;
+	} *item;
+};
+
+/*
+ * I know, I know, this is inefficient, but you won't be pulling and merging
+ * hundreds of heads at a time anyway.
+ */
+static struct merge_parent *find_merge_parent(struct merge_parents *table,
+					      unsigned char *given,
+					      unsigned char *commit)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < table->nr; i++) {
+		if (given && hashcmp(table->item[i].given, given))
+			continue;
+		if (commit && hashcmp(table->item[i].commit, commit))
+			continue;
+		return &table->item[i];
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void add_merge_parent(struct merge_parents *table,
+			     unsigned char *given,
+			     unsigned char *commit)
+{
+	if (table->nr && find_merge_parent(table, given, commit))
+		return;
+	ALLOC_GROW(table->item, table->nr + 1, table->alloc);
+	hashcpy(table->item[table->nr].given, given);
+	hashcpy(table->item[table->nr].commit, commit);
+	table->item[table->nr].used = 0;
+	table->nr++;
+}
+
+static int handle_line(char *line, struct merge_parents *merge_parents)
 {
 	int i, len = strlen(line);
 	struct origin_data *origin_data;
-	char *src, *origin;
+	char *src;
+	const char *origin;
 	struct src_data *src_data;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	int pulling_head = 0;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	if (len < 43 || line[40] != '\t')
 		return 1;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(line + 41, "not-for-merge"))
+	if (starts_with(line + 41, "not-for-merge"))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (line[41] != '\t')
 		return 2;
 
-	line[40] = 0;
-	origin_data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct origin_data));
-	i = get_sha1(line, origin_data->sha1);
-	line[40] = '\t';
-	if (i) {
-		free(origin_data);
+	i = get_sha1_hex(line, sha1);
+	if (i)
 		return 3;
-	}
+
+	if (!find_merge_parent(merge_parents, sha1, NULL))
+		return 0; /* subsumed by other parents */
+
+	origin_data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct origin_data));
+	hashcpy(origin_data->sha1, sha1);
 
 	if (line[len - 1] == '\n')
 		line[len - 1] = 0;
@@ -110,17 +156,16 @@ static int handle_line(char *line)
 	if (pulling_head) {
 		origin = src;
 		src_data->head_status |= 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "branch ")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(line, "branch ")) {
 		origin_data->is_local_branch = 1;
 		origin = line + 7;
 		string_list_append(&src_data->branch, origin);
 		src_data->head_status |= 2;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "tag ")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(line, "tag ")) {
 		origin = line;
 		string_list_append(&src_data->tag, origin + 4);
 		src_data->head_status |= 2;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "remote-tracking branch ")) {
-		origin = line + strlen("remote-tracking branch ");
+	} else if (skip_prefix(line, "remote-tracking branch ", &origin)) {
 		string_list_append(&src_data->r_branch, origin);
 		src_data->head_status |= 2;
 	} else {
@@ -133,11 +178,8 @@ static int handle_line(char *line)
 		int len = strlen(origin);
 		if (origin[0] == '\'' && origin[len - 1] == '\'')
 			origin = xmemdupz(origin + 1, len - 2);
-	} else {
-		char *new_origin = xmalloc(strlen(origin) + strlen(src) + 5);
-		sprintf(new_origin, "%s of %s", origin, src);
-		origin = new_origin;
-	}
+	} else
+		origin = xstrfmt("%s of %s", origin, src);
 	if (strcmp(".", src))
 		origin_data->is_local_branch = 0;
 	string_list_append(&origins, origin)->util = origin_data;
@@ -174,32 +216,133 @@ static void add_branch_desc(struct strbuf *out, const char *name)
 			strbuf_addf(out, "  : %.*s", (int)(ep - bp), bp);
 			bp = ep;
 		}
-		if (out->buf[out->len - 1] != '\n')
-			strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+		strbuf_complete_line(out);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&desc);
 }
 
+#define util_as_integral(elem) ((intptr_t)((elem)->util))
+
+static void record_person(int which, struct string_list *people,
+			  struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const char *buffer;
+	char *name_buf, *name, *name_end;
+	struct string_list_item *elem;
+	const char *field;
+
+	field = (which == 'a') ? "\nauthor " : "\ncommitter ";
+	buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+	name = strstr(buffer, field);
+	if (!name)
+		return;
+	name += strlen(field);
+	name_end = strchrnul(name, '<');
+	if (*name_end)
+		name_end--;
+	while (isspace(*name_end) && name <= name_end)
+		name_end--;
+	if (name_end < name)
+		return;
+	name_buf = xmemdupz(name, name_end - name + 1);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
+
+	elem = string_list_lookup(people, name_buf);
+	if (!elem) {
+		elem = string_list_insert(people, name_buf);
+		elem->util = (void *)0;
+	}
+	elem->util = (void*)(util_as_integral(elem) + 1);
+	free(name_buf);
+}
+
+static int cmp_string_list_util_as_integral(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct string_list_item *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	return util_as_integral(b) - util_as_integral(a);
+}
+
+static void add_people_count(struct strbuf *out, struct string_list *people)
+{
+	if (people->nr == 1)
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%s", people->items[0].string);
+	else if (people->nr == 2)
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%s (%d) and %s (%d)",
+			    people->items[0].string,
+			    (int)util_as_integral(&people->items[0]),
+			    people->items[1].string,
+			    (int)util_as_integral(&people->items[1]));
+	else if (people->nr)
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%s (%d) and others",
+			    people->items[0].string,
+			    (int)util_as_integral(&people->items[0]));
+}
+
+static void credit_people(struct strbuf *out,
+			  struct string_list *them,
+			  int kind)
+{
+	const char *label;
+	const char *me;
+
+	if (kind == 'a') {
+		label = "By";
+		me = git_author_info(IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	} else {
+		label = "Via";
+		me = git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	}
+
+	if (!them->nr ||
+	    (them->nr == 1 &&
+	     me &&
+	     skip_prefix(me, them->items->string, &me) &&
+	     starts_with(me, " <")))
+		return;
+	strbuf_addf(out, "\n%c %s ", comment_line_char, label);
+	add_people_count(out, them);
+}
+
+static void add_people_info(struct strbuf *out,
+			    struct string_list *authors,
+			    struct string_list *committers)
+{
+	if (authors->nr)
+		qsort(authors->items,
+		      authors->nr, sizeof(authors->items[0]),
+		      cmp_string_list_util_as_integral);
+	if (committers->nr)
+		qsort(committers->items,
+		      committers->nr, sizeof(committers->items[0]),
+		      cmp_string_list_util_as_integral);
+
+	credit_people(out, authors, 'a');
+	credit_people(out, committers, 'c');
+}
+
 static void shortlog(const char *name,
 		     struct origin_data *origin_data,
 		     struct commit *head,
-		     struct rev_info *rev, int limit,
+		     struct rev_info *rev,
+		     struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *opts,
 		     struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	int i, count = 0;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct object *branch;
 	struct string_list subjects = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list authors = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list committers = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	int flags = UNINTERESTING | TREESAME | SEEN | SHOWN | ADDED;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const unsigned char *sha1 = origin_data->sha1;
+	int limit = opts->shortlog_len;
 
 	branch = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
 	if (!branch || branch->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return;
 
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, rev, NULL);
-	rev->ignore_merges = 1;
 	add_pending_object(rev, branch, name);
 	add_pending_object(rev, &head->object, "^HEAD");
 	head->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
@@ -208,10 +351,17 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name,
 	while ((commit = get_revision(rev)) != NULL) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 
-		/* ignore merges */
-		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
+		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
+			/* do not list a merge but count committer */
+			if (opts->credit_people)
+				record_person('c', &committers, commit);
 			continue;
-
+		}
+		if (!count && opts->credit_people)
+			/* the 'tip' committer */
+			record_person('c', &committers, commit);
+		if (opts->credit_people)
+			record_person('a', &authors, commit);
 		count++;
 		if (subjects.nr > limit)
 			continue;
@@ -226,6 +376,8 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name,
 			string_list_append(&subjects, strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL));
 	}
 
+	if (opts->credit_people)
+		add_people_info(out, &authors, &committers);
 	if (count > limit)
 		strbuf_addf(out, "\n* %s: (%d commits)\n", name, count);
 	else
@@ -246,6 +398,8 @@ static void shortlog(const char *name,
 	rev->commits = NULL;
 	rev->pending.nr = 0;
 
+	string_list_clear(&authors, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&committers, 0);
 	string_list_clear(&subjects, 0);
 }
 
@@ -313,7 +467,10 @@ static void fmt_tag_signature(struct strbuf *tagbuf,
 		strbuf_add(tagbuf, tag_body, buf + len - tag_body);
 	}
 	strbuf_complete_line(tagbuf);
-	strbuf_add_lines(tagbuf, "# ", sig->buf, sig->len);
+	if (sig->len) {
+		strbuf_addch(tagbuf, '\n');
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(tagbuf, sig->buf, sig->len);
+	}
 }
 
 static void fmt_merge_msg_sigs(struct strbuf *out)
@@ -334,7 +491,7 @@ static void fmt_merge_msg_sigs(struct strbuf *out)
 
 		if (size == len)
 			; /* merely annotated */
-		else if (verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, &sig)) {
+		else if (verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, &sig, NULL)) {
 			if (!sig.len)
 				strbuf_addstr(&sig, "gpg verification failed.\n");
 		}
@@ -345,14 +502,18 @@ static void fmt_merge_msg_sigs(struct strbuf *out)
 		} else {
 			if (tag_number == 2) {
 				struct strbuf tagline = STRBUF_INIT;
-				strbuf_addf(&tagline, "\n# %s\n",
-					    origins.items[first_tag].string);
+				strbuf_addch(&tagline, '\n');
+				strbuf_add_commented_lines(&tagline,
+						origins.items[first_tag].string,
+						strlen(origins.items[first_tag].string));
 				strbuf_insert(&tagbuf, 0, tagline.buf,
 					      tagline.len);
 				strbuf_release(&tagline);
 			}
-			strbuf_addf(&tagbuf, "\n# %s\n",
-				    origins.items[i].string);
+			strbuf_addch(&tagbuf, '\n');
+			strbuf_add_commented_lines(&tagbuf,
+					origins.items[i].string,
+					strlen(origins.items[i].string));
 			fmt_tag_signature(&tagbuf, &sig, buf, len);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&sig);
@@ -366,6 +527,67 @@ static void fmt_merge_msg_sigs(struct strbuf *out)
 	strbuf_release(&tagbuf);
 }
 
+static void find_merge_parents(struct merge_parents *result,
+			       struct strbuf *in, unsigned char *head)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents, *next;
+	struct commit *head_commit;
+	int pos = 0, i, j;
+
+	parents = NULL;
+	while (pos < in->len) {
+		int len;
+		char *p = in->buf + pos;
+		char *newline = strchr(p, '\n');
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct commit *parent;
+		struct object *obj;
+
+		len = newline ? newline - p : strlen(p);
+		pos += len + !!newline;
+
+		if (len < 43 ||
+		    get_sha1_hex(p, sha1) ||
+		    p[40] != '\t' ||
+		    p[41] != '\t')
+			continue; /* skip not-for-merge */
+		/*
+		 * Do not use get_merge_parent() here; we do not have
+		 * "name" here and we do not want to contaminate its
+		 * util field yet.
+		 */
+		obj = parse_object(sha1);
+		parent = (struct commit *)peel_to_type(NULL, 0, obj, OBJ_COMMIT);
+		if (!parent)
+			continue;
+		commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
+		add_merge_parent(result, obj->sha1, parent->object.sha1);
+	}
+	head_commit = lookup_commit(head);
+	if (head_commit)
+		commit_list_insert(head_commit, &parents);
+	parents = reduce_heads(parents);
+
+	while (parents) {
+		for (i = 0; i < result->nr; i++)
+			if (!hashcmp(result->item[i].commit,
+				     parents->item->object.sha1))
+				result->item[i].used = 1;
+		next = parents->next;
+		free(parents);
+		parents = next;
+	}
+
+	for (i = j = 0; i < result->nr; i++) {
+		if (result->item[i].used) {
+			if (i != j)
+				result->item[j] = result->item[i];
+			j++;
+		}
+	}
+	result->nr = j;
+}
+
 int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 		  struct fmt_merge_msg_opts *opts)
 {
@@ -373,15 +595,20 @@ int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 	const char *current_branch;
 	void *current_branch_to_free;
+	struct merge_parents merge_parents;
+
+	memset(&merge_parents, 0, sizeof(merge_parents));
 
 	/* get current branch */
 	current_branch = current_branch_to_free =
-		resolve_refdup("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, NULL);
+		resolve_refdup("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, head_sha1, NULL);
 	if (!current_branch)
 		die("No current branch");
-	if (!prefixcmp(current_branch, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(current_branch, "refs/heads/"))
 		current_branch += 11;
 
+	find_merge_parents(&merge_parents, in, head_sha1);
+
 	/* get a line */
 	while (pos < in->len) {
 		int len;
@@ -392,7 +619,7 @@ int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 		pos += len + !!newline;
 		i++;
 		p[len] = 0;
-		if (handle_line(p))
+		if (handle_line(p, &merge_parents))
 			die ("Error in line %d: %.*s", i, len, p);
 	}
 
@@ -412,17 +639,17 @@ int fmt_merge_msg(struct strbuf *in, struct strbuf *out,
 		rev.ignore_merges = 1;
 		rev.limited = 1;
 
-		if (suffixcmp(out->buf, "\n"))
-			strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+		strbuf_complete_line(out);
 
 		for (i = 0; i < origins.nr; i++)
 			shortlog(origins.items[i].string,
 				 origins.items[i].util,
-				 head, &rev, opts->shortlog_len, out);
+				 head, &rev, opts, out);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_complete_line(out);
 	free(current_branch_to_free);
+	free(merge_parents.item);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -432,16 +659,16 @@ int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *message = NULL;
 	int shortlog_len = -1;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, "n",
-		  "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog",
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
+		  N_("populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "summary", &shortlog_len, "n",
-		  "alias for --log (deprecated)",
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "summary", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
+		  N_("alias for --log (deprecated)"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL,
 		  DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
-		OPT_STRING('m', "message", &message, "text",
-			"use <text> as start of message"),
-		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &inpath, "file to read from"),
+		OPT_STRING('m', "message", &message, N_("text"),
+			N_("use <text> as start of message")),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &inpath, N_("file to read from")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -472,6 +699,7 @@ int cmd_fmt_merge_msg(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.add_title = !message;
+	opts.credit_people = 1;
 	opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
 
 	ret = fmt_merge_msg(&input, &output, &opts);
diff --git a/builtin/for-each-ref.c b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
index b01d76a243..83f9cf9163 100644
--- a/builtin/for-each-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/for-each-ref.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "color.h"
 
 /* Quoting styles */
 #define QUOTE_NONE 0
@@ -75,6 +76,8 @@ static struct {
 	{ "upstream" },
 	{ "symref" },
 	{ "flag" },
+	{ "HEAD" },
+	{ "color" },
 };
 
 /*
@@ -89,7 +92,8 @@ static struct {
  */
 static const char **used_atom;
 static cmp_type *used_atom_type;
-static int used_atom_cnt, sort_atom_limit, need_tagged, need_symref;
+static int used_atom_cnt, need_tagged, need_symref;
+static int need_color_reset_at_eol;
 
 /*
  * Used to parse format string and sort specifiers
@@ -134,10 +138,8 @@ static int parse_atom(const char *atom, const char *ep)
 	/* Add it in, including the deref prefix */
 	at = used_atom_cnt;
 	used_atom_cnt++;
-	used_atom = xrealloc(used_atom,
-			     (sizeof *used_atom) * used_atom_cnt);
-	used_atom_type = xrealloc(used_atom_type,
-				  (sizeof(*used_atom_type) * used_atom_cnt));
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(used_atom, used_atom_cnt);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(used_atom_type, used_atom_cnt);
 	used_atom[at] = xmemdupz(atom, ep - atom);
 	used_atom_type[at] = valid_atom[i].cmp_type;
 	if (*atom == '*')
@@ -176,13 +178,20 @@ static const char *find_next(const char *cp)
 static int verify_format(const char *format)
 {
 	const char *cp, *sp;
+
+	need_color_reset_at_eol = 0;
 	for (cp = format; *cp && (sp = find_next(cp)); ) {
-		const char *ep = strchr(sp, ')');
+		const char *color, *ep = strchr(sp, ')');
+		int at;
+
 		if (!ep)
 			return error("malformed format string %s", sp);
 		/* sp points at "%(" and ep points at the closing ")" */
-		parse_atom(sp + 2, ep);
+		at = parse_atom(sp + 2, ep);
 		cp = ep + 1;
+
+		if (skip_prefix(used_atom[at], "color:", &color))
+			need_color_reset_at_eol = !!strcmp(color, "reset");
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -205,6 +214,22 @@ static void *get_obj(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object **obj, unsigned lo
 	return buf;
 }
 
+static int grab_objectname(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			    struct atom_value *v)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(name, "objectname")) {
+		char *s = xmalloc(41);
+		strcpy(s, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		v->s = s;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(name, "objectname:short")) {
+		v->s = xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* See grab_values */
 static void grab_common_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
 {
@@ -225,15 +250,8 @@ static void grab_common_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object
 			v->ul = sz;
 			v->s = s;
 		}
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectname")) {
-			char *s = xmalloc(41);
-			strcpy(s, sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-			v->s = s;
-		}
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "objectname:short")) {
-			v->s = xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1,
-							  DEFAULT_ABBREV));
-		}
+		else if (deref)
+			grab_objectname(name, obj->sha1, v);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -262,18 +280,6 @@ static void grab_tag_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *ob
 	}
 }
 
-static int num_parents(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	struct commit_list *parents;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0, parents = commit->parents;
-	     parents;
-	     parents = parents->next)
-		i++;
-	return i;
-}
-
 /* See grab_values */
 static void grab_commit_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object *obj, void *buf, unsigned long sz)
 {
@@ -294,12 +300,12 @@ static void grab_commit_values(struct atom_value *val, int deref, struct object
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(name, "numparent")) {
 			char *s = xmalloc(40);
-			v->ul = num_parents(commit);
+			v->ul = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
 			sprintf(s, "%lu", v->ul);
 			v->s = s;
 		}
 		else if (!strcmp(name, "parent")) {
-			int num = num_parents(commit);
+			int num = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
 			int i;
 			struct commit_list *parents;
 			char *s = xmalloc(41 * num + 1);
@@ -432,7 +438,7 @@ static void grab_person(const char *who, struct atom_value *val, int deref, stru
 		if (name[wholen] != 0 &&
 		    strcmp(name + wholen, "name") &&
 		    strcmp(name + wholen, "email") &&
-		    prefixcmp(name + wholen, "date"))
+		    !starts_with(name + wholen, "date"))
 			continue;
 		if (!wholine)
 			wholine = find_wholine(who, wholen, buf, sz);
@@ -444,7 +450,7 @@ static void grab_person(const char *who, struct atom_value *val, int deref, stru
 			v->s = copy_name(wholine);
 		else if (!strcmp(name + wholen, "email"))
 			v->s = copy_email(wholine);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(name + wholen, "date"))
+		else if (starts_with(name + wholen, "date"))
 			grab_date(wholine, v, name);
 	}
 
@@ -466,7 +472,7 @@ static void grab_person(const char *who, struct atom_value *val, int deref, stru
 		if (deref)
 			name++;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(name, "creatordate"))
+		if (starts_with(name, "creatordate"))
 			grab_date(wholine, v, name);
 		else if (!strcmp(name, "creator"))
 			v->s = copy_line(wholine);
@@ -624,11 +630,12 @@ static void populate_value(struct refinfo *ref)
 	unsigned long size;
 	const unsigned char *tagged;
 
-	ref->value = xcalloc(sizeof(struct atom_value), used_atom_cnt);
+	ref->value = xcalloc(used_atom_cnt, sizeof(struct atom_value));
 
 	if (need_symref && (ref->flag & REF_ISSYMREF) && !ref->symref) {
 		unsigned char unused1[20];
-		ref->symref = resolve_refdup(ref->refname, unused1, 1, NULL);
+		ref->symref = resolve_refdup(ref->refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					     unused1, NULL);
 		if (!ref->symref)
 			ref->symref = "";
 	}
@@ -640,20 +647,20 @@ static void populate_value(struct refinfo *ref)
 		int deref = 0;
 		const char *refname;
 		const char *formatp;
+		struct branch *branch = NULL;
 
 		if (*name == '*') {
 			deref = 1;
 			name++;
 		}
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(name, "refname"))
+		if (starts_with(name, "refname"))
 			refname = ref->refname;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(name, "symref"))
+		else if (starts_with(name, "symref"))
 			refname = ref->symref ? ref->symref : "";
-		else if (!prefixcmp(name, "upstream")) {
-			struct branch *branch;
+		else if (starts_with(name, "upstream")) {
 			/* only local branches may have an upstream */
-			if (prefixcmp(ref->refname, "refs/heads/"))
+			if (!starts_with(ref->refname, "refs/heads/"))
 				continue;
 			branch = branch_get(ref->refname + 11);
 
@@ -661,8 +668,14 @@ static void populate_value(struct refinfo *ref)
 			    !branch->merge[0]->dst)
 				continue;
 			refname = branch->merge[0]->dst;
-		}
-		else if (!strcmp(name, "flag")) {
+		} else if (starts_with(name, "color:")) {
+			char color[COLOR_MAXLEN] = "";
+
+			if (color_parse(name + 6, color) < 0)
+				die(_("unable to parse format"));
+			v->s = xstrdup(color);
+			continue;
+		} else if (!strcmp(name, "flag")) {
 			char buf[256], *cp = buf;
 			if (ref->flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
 				cp = copy_advance(cp, ",symref");
@@ -675,18 +688,70 @@ static void populate_value(struct refinfo *ref)
 				v->s = xstrdup(buf + 1);
 			}
 			continue;
-		}
-		else
+		} else if (!deref && grab_objectname(name, ref->objectname, v)) {
+			continue;
+		} else if (!strcmp(name, "HEAD")) {
+			const char *head;
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+			head = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						  sha1, NULL);
+			if (!strcmp(ref->refname, head))
+				v->s = "*";
+			else
+				v->s = " ";
+			continue;
+		} else
 			continue;
 
 		formatp = strchr(name, ':');
-		/* look for "short" refname format */
 		if (formatp) {
+			int num_ours, num_theirs;
+
 			formatp++;
 			if (!strcmp(formatp, "short"))
 				refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname,
 						      warn_ambiguous_refs);
-			else
+			else if (!strcmp(formatp, "track") &&
+				 starts_with(name, "upstream")) {
+				char buf[40];
+
+				if (stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours,
+						       &num_theirs) != 1)
+					continue;
+
+				if (!num_ours && !num_theirs)
+					v->s = "";
+				else if (!num_ours) {
+					sprintf(buf, "[behind %d]", num_theirs);
+					v->s = xstrdup(buf);
+				} else if (!num_theirs) {
+					sprintf(buf, "[ahead %d]", num_ours);
+					v->s = xstrdup(buf);
+				} else {
+					sprintf(buf, "[ahead %d, behind %d]",
+						num_ours, num_theirs);
+					v->s = xstrdup(buf);
+				}
+				continue;
+			} else if (!strcmp(formatp, "trackshort") &&
+				   starts_with(name, "upstream")) {
+				assert(branch);
+
+				if (stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours,
+							&num_theirs) != 1)
+					continue;
+
+				if (!num_ours && !num_theirs)
+					v->s = "=";
+				else if (!num_ours)
+					v->s = "<";
+				else if (!num_theirs)
+					v->s = ">";
+				else
+					v->s = "<>";
+				continue;
+			} else
 				die("unknown %.*s format %s",
 				    (int)(formatp - name), name, formatp);
 		}
@@ -781,6 +846,11 @@ static int grab_single_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int f
 	struct refinfo *ref;
 	int cnt;
 
+	if (flag & REF_BAD_NAME) {
+		  warning("ignoring ref with broken name %s", refname);
+		  return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (*cb->grab_pattern) {
 		const char **pattern;
 		int namelen = strlen(refname);
@@ -794,7 +864,7 @@ static int grab_single_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int f
 			     refname[plen] == '/' ||
 			     p[plen-1] == '/'))
 				break;
-			if (!fnmatch(p, refname, FNM_PATHNAME))
+			if (!wildmatch(p, refname, WM_PATHNAME, NULL))
 				break;
 		}
 		if (!*pattern)
@@ -812,8 +882,7 @@ static int grab_single_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int f
 	ref->flag = flag;
 
 	cnt = cb->grab_cnt;
-	cb->grab_array = xrealloc(cb->grab_array,
-				  sizeof(*cb->grab_array) * (cnt + 1));
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(cb->grab_array, cnt + 1);
 	cb->grab_array[cnt++] = ref;
 	cb->grab_cnt = cnt;
 	return 0;
@@ -864,27 +933,30 @@ static void sort_refs(struct ref_sort *sort, struct refinfo **refs, int num_refs
 	qsort(refs, num_refs, sizeof(struct refinfo *), compare_refs);
 }
 
-static void print_value(struct refinfo *ref, int atom, int quote_style)
+static void print_value(struct atom_value *v, int quote_style)
 {
-	struct atom_value *v;
-	get_value(ref, atom, &v);
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	switch (quote_style) {
 	case QUOTE_NONE:
 		fputs(v->s, stdout);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_SHELL:
-		sq_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		sq_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_PERL:
-		perl_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		perl_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_PYTHON:
-		python_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		python_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	case QUOTE_TCL:
-		tcl_quote_print(stdout, v->s);
+		tcl_quote_buf(&sb, v->s);
 		break;
 	}
+	if (quote_style != QUOTE_NONE) {
+		fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+	}
 }
 
 static int hex1(char ch)
@@ -930,15 +1002,27 @@ static void show_ref(struct refinfo *info, const char *format, int quote_style)
 	const char *cp, *sp, *ep;
 
 	for (cp = format; *cp && (sp = find_next(cp)); cp = ep + 1) {
+		struct atom_value *atomv;
+
 		ep = strchr(sp, ')');
 		if (cp < sp)
 			emit(cp, sp);
-		print_value(info, parse_atom(sp + 2, ep), quote_style);
+		get_value(info, parse_atom(sp + 2, ep), &atomv);
+		print_value(atomv, quote_style);
 	}
 	if (*cp) {
 		sp = cp + strlen(cp);
 		emit(cp, sp);
 	}
+	if (need_color_reset_at_eol) {
+		struct atom_value resetv;
+		char color[COLOR_MAXLEN] = "";
+
+		if (color_parse("reset", color) < 0)
+			die("BUG: couldn't parse 'reset' as a color");
+		resetv.s = color;
+		print_value(&resetv, quote_style);
+	}
 	putchar('\n');
 }
 
@@ -962,7 +1046,9 @@ static int opt_parse_sort(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	if (!arg) /* should --no-sort void the list ? */
 		return -1;
 
-	*sort_tail = s = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*s));
+	s = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*s));
+	s->next = *sort_tail;
+	*sort_tail = s;
 
 	if (*arg == '-') {
 		s->reverse = 1;
@@ -974,7 +1060,7 @@ static int opt_parse_sort(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 }
 
 static char const * const for_each_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git for-each-ref [options] [<pattern>]",
+	N_("git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -989,19 +1075,19 @@ int cmd_for_each_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	struct option opts[] = {
 		OPT_BIT('s', "shell", &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for shells", QUOTE_SHELL),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for shells"), QUOTE_SHELL),
 		OPT_BIT('p', "perl",  &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for perl", QUOTE_PERL),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for perl"), QUOTE_PERL),
 		OPT_BIT(0 , "python", &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for python", QUOTE_PYTHON),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for python"), QUOTE_PYTHON),
 		OPT_BIT(0 , "tcl",  &quote_style,
-		        "quote placeholders suitably for tcl", QUOTE_TCL),
+			N_("quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"), QUOTE_TCL),
 
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_INTEGER( 0 , "count", &maxcount, "show only <n> matched refs"),
-		OPT_STRING(  0 , "format", &format, "format", "format to use for the output"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "sort", sort_tail, "key",
-		            "field name to sort on", &opt_parse_sort),
+		OPT_INTEGER( 0 , "count", &maxcount, N_("show only <n> matched refs")),
+		OPT_STRING(  0 , "format", &format, N_("format"), N_("format to use for the output")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK(0 , "sort", sort_tail, N_("key"),
+			    N_("field name to sort on"), &opt_parse_sort),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -1019,7 +1105,6 @@ int cmd_for_each_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (!sort)
 		sort = default_sort();
-	sort_atom_limit = used_atom_cnt;
 
 	/* for warn_ambiguous_refs */
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
diff --git a/builtin/fsck.c b/builtin/fsck.c
index 67eb553c7d..0c757862e8 100644
--- a/builtin/fsck.c
+++ b/builtin/fsck.c
@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "progress.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
 
 #define REACHABLE 0x0001
 #define SEEN      0x0002
+#define HAS_OBJ   0x0004
 
 static int show_root;
 static int show_tags;
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 	if (obj->flags & REACHABLE)
 		return 0;
 	obj->flags |= REACHABLE;
-	if (!obj->parsed) {
+	if (!(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
 		if (parent && !has_sha1_file(obj->sha1)) {
 			printf("broken link from %7s %s\n",
 				 typename(parent->type), sha1_to_hex(parent->sha1));
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ static int mark_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	add_object_array(obj, (void *) parent, &pending);
+	add_object_array(obj, NULL, &pending);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -126,16 +128,13 @@ static int traverse_one_object(struct object *obj)
 	struct tree *tree = NULL;
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-		obj->parsed = 0;
 		tree = (struct tree *)obj;
 		if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
 			return 1; /* error already displayed */
 	}
 	result = fsck_walk(obj, mark_object, obj);
-	if (tree) {
-		free(tree->buffer);
-		tree->buffer = NULL;
-	}
+	if (tree)
+		free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ static int traverse_reachable(void)
 	unsigned int nr = 0;
 	int result = 0;
 	if (show_progress)
-		progress = start_progress_delay("Checking connectivity", 0, 0, 2);
+		progress = start_progress_delay(_("Checking connectivity"), 0, 0, 2);
 	while (pending.nr) {
 		struct object_array_entry *entry;
 		struct object *obj;
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@ static void check_reachable_object(struct object *obj)
 	 * except if it was in a pack-file and we didn't
 	 * do a full fsck
 	 */
-	if (!obj->parsed) {
+	if (!(obj->flags & HAS_OBJ)) {
 		if (has_sha1_pack(obj->sha1))
 			return; /* it is in pack - forget about it */
 		printf("missing %s %s\n", typename(obj->type), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
@@ -238,13 +237,8 @@ static void check_unreachable_object(struct object *obj)
 			if (!(f = fopen(filename, "w")))
 				die_errno("Could not open '%s'", filename);
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
-				enum object_type type;
-				unsigned long size;
-				char *buf = read_sha1_file(obj->sha1,
-						&type, &size);
-				if (buf && fwrite(buf, 1, size, f) != size)
+				if (stream_blob_to_fd(fileno(f), obj->sha1, NULL, 1))
 					die_errno("Could not write '%s'", filename);
-				free(buf);
 			} else
 				fprintf(f, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
 			if (fclose(f))
@@ -304,21 +298,19 @@ static int fsck_obj(struct object *obj)
 
 	if (fsck_walk(obj, mark_used, NULL))
 		objerror(obj, "broken links");
-	if (fsck_object(obj, check_strict, fsck_error_func))
+	if (fsck_object(obj, NULL, 0, check_strict, fsck_error_func))
 		return -1;
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 		struct tree *item = (struct tree *) obj;
 
-		free(item->buffer);
-		item->buffer = NULL;
+		free_tree_buffer(item);
 	}
 
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
 
-		free(commit->buffer);
-		commit->buffer = NULL;
+		free_commit_buffer(commit);
 
 		if (!commit->parents && show_root)
 			printf("root %s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
@@ -344,6 +336,7 @@ static int fsck_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
 		return error("%s: object corrupt or missing",
 			     sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
+	obj->flags |= HAS_OBJ;
 	return fsck_obj(obj);
 }
 
@@ -356,6 +349,7 @@ static int fsck_obj_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
 		errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
 		return error("%s: object corrupt or missing", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
+	obj->flags = HAS_OBJ;
 	return fsck_obj(obj);
 }
 
@@ -394,7 +388,8 @@ static void fsck_sha1_list(void)
 		unsigned char *sha1 = entry->sha1;
 
 		sha1_list.entry[i] = NULL;
-		fsck_sha1(sha1);
+		if (fsck_sha1(sha1))
+			errors_found |= ERROR_OBJECT;
 		free(entry);
 	}
 	sha1_list.nr = 0;
@@ -447,7 +442,7 @@ static void fsck_dir(int i, char *path)
 			add_sha1_list(sha1, DIRENT_SORT_HINT(de));
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(de->d_name, "tmp_obj_"))
+		if (starts_with(de->d_name, "tmp_obj_"))
 			continue;
 		fprintf(stderr, "bad sha1 file: %s/%s\n", path, de->d_name);
 	}
@@ -487,11 +482,6 @@ static int fsck_handle_reflog(const char *logname, const unsigned char *sha1, in
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int is_branch(const char *refname)
-{
-	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") || !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/");
-}
-
 static int fsck_handle_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *obj;
@@ -499,6 +489,7 @@ static int fsck_handle_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int f
 	obj = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj) {
 		error("%s: invalid sha1 pointer %s", refname, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		errors_found |= ERROR_REACHABLE;
 		/* We'll continue with the rest despite the error.. */
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -515,7 +506,7 @@ static void get_default_heads(void)
 {
 	if (head_points_at && !is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
 		fsck_handle_ref("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, NULL);
-	for_each_ref(fsck_handle_ref, NULL);
+	for_each_rawref(fsck_handle_ref, NULL);
 	if (include_reflogs)
 		for_each_reflog(fsck_handle_reflog, NULL);
 
@@ -546,7 +537,7 @@ static void fsck_object_dir(const char *path)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Checking object directory\n");
 
 	if (show_progress)
-		progress = start_progress("Checking object directories", 256);
+		progress = start_progress(_("Checking object directories"), 256);
 	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
 		static char dir[4096];
 		sprintf(dir, "%s/%02x", path, i);
@@ -565,13 +556,13 @@ static int fsck_head_link(void)
 	if (verbose)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Checking HEAD link\n");
 
-	head_points_at = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, &flag);
+	head_points_at = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, head_sha1, &flag);
 	if (!head_points_at)
 		return error("Invalid HEAD");
 	if (!strcmp(head_points_at, "HEAD"))
 		/* detached HEAD */
 		null_is_error = 1;
-	else if (prefixcmp(head_points_at, "refs/heads/"))
+	else if (!starts_with(head_points_at, "refs/heads/"))
 		return error("HEAD points to something strange (%s)",
 			     head_points_at);
 	if (is_null_sha1(head_sha1)) {
@@ -609,23 +600,23 @@ static int fsck_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it)
 }
 
 static char const * const fsck_usage[] = {
-	"git fsck [options] [<object>...]",
+	N_("git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static struct option fsck_opts[] = {
-	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, "show unreachable objects"),
-	OPT_BOOL(0, "dangling", &show_dangling, "show dangling objects"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &show_tags, "report tags"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "root", &show_root, "report root nodes"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, "make index objects head nodes"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, "make reflogs head nodes (default)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full", &check_full, "also consider packs and alternate objects"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "strict", &check_strict, "enable more strict checking"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "lost-found", &write_lost_and_found,
-				"write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"),
-	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, "show progress"),
+	OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "unreachable", &show_unreachable, N_("show unreachable objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "dangling", &show_dangling, N_("show dangling objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &show_tags, N_("report tags")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "root", &show_root, N_("report root nodes")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "cache", &keep_cache_objects, N_("make index objects head nodes")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "reflogs", &include_reflogs, N_("make reflogs head nodes (default)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "full", &check_full, N_("also consider packs and alternate objects")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "strict", &check_strict, N_("enable more strict checking")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "lost-found", &write_lost_and_found,
+				N_("write dangling objects in .git/lost-found")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
@@ -635,7 +626,7 @@ int cmd_fsck(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
 
 	errors_found = 0;
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, fsck_opts, fsck_usage, 0);
 
@@ -675,7 +666,7 @@ int cmd_fsck(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				total += p->num_objects;
 			}
 
-			progress = start_progress("Checking objects", total);
+			progress = start_progress(_("Checking objects"), total);
 		}
 		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
 			/* verify gives error messages itself */
diff --git a/builtin/gc.c b/builtin/gc.c
index 271376d82b..5c634afc00 100644
--- a/builtin/gc.c
+++ b/builtin/gc.c
@@ -11,73 +11,77 @@
  */
 
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "commit.h"
 
 #define FAILED_RUN "failed to run %s"
 
 static const char * const builtin_gc_usage[] = {
-	"git gc [options]",
+	N_("git gc [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int pack_refs = 1;
+static int prune_reflogs = 1;
+static int aggressive_depth = 250;
 static int aggressive_window = 250;
 static int gc_auto_threshold = 6700;
 static int gc_auto_pack_limit = 50;
+static int detach_auto = 1;
 static const char *prune_expire = "2.weeks.ago";
 
-#define MAX_ADD 10
-static const char *argv_pack_refs[] = {"pack-refs", "--all", "--prune", NULL};
-static const char *argv_reflog[] = {"reflog", "expire", "--all", NULL};
-static const char *argv_repack[MAX_ADD] = {"repack", "-d", "-l", NULL};
-static const char *argv_prune[] = {"prune", "--expire", NULL, NULL, NULL};
-static const char *argv_rerere[] = {"rerere", "gc", NULL};
+static struct argv_array pack_refs_cmd = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct argv_array reflog = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct argv_array repack = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct argv_array prune = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+static struct argv_array rerere = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 
-static int gc_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static char *pidfile;
+
+static void remove_pidfile(void)
+{
+	if (pidfile)
+		unlink(pidfile);
+}
+
+static void remove_pidfile_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_pidfile();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static void gc_config(void)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.packrefs")) {
+	const char *value;
+
+	if (!git_config_get_value("gc.packrefs", &value)) {
 		if (value && !strcmp(value, "notbare"))
 			pack_refs = -1;
 		else
-			pack_refs = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.aggressivewindow")) {
-		aggressive_window = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.auto")) {
-		gc_auto_threshold = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.autopacklimit")) {
-		gc_auto_pack_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
+			pack_refs = git_config_bool("gc.packrefs", value);
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.pruneexpire")) {
-		if (value && strcmp(value, "now")) {
+
+	git_config_get_int("gc.aggressivewindow", &aggressive_window);
+	git_config_get_int("gc.aggressivedepth", &aggressive_depth);
+	git_config_get_int("gc.auto", &gc_auto_threshold);
+	git_config_get_int("gc.autopacklimit", &gc_auto_pack_limit);
+	git_config_get_bool("gc.autodetach", &detach_auto);
+
+	if (!git_config_get_string_const("gc.pruneexpire", &prune_expire)) {
+		if (strcmp(prune_expire, "now")) {
 			unsigned long now = approxidate("now");
-			if (approxidate(value) >= now)
-				return error(_("Invalid %s: '%s'"), var, value);
+			if (approxidate(prune_expire) >= now) {
+				git_die_config("gc.pruneexpire", _("Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"),
+						prune_expire);
+			}
 		}
-		return git_config_string(&prune_expire, var, value);
 	}
-	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
-}
-
-static void append_option(const char **cmd, const char *opt, int max_length)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; cmd[i]; i++)
-		;
-
-	if (i + 2 >= max_length)
-		die(_("Too many options specified"));
-	cmd[i++] = opt;
-	cmd[i] = NULL;
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 }
 
 static int too_many_loose_objects(void)
@@ -144,6 +148,17 @@ static int too_many_packs(void)
 	return gc_auto_pack_limit <= cnt;
 }
 
+static void add_repack_all_option(void)
+{
+	if (prune_expire && !strcmp(prune_expire, "now"))
+		argv_array_push(&repack, "-a");
+	else {
+		argv_array_push(&repack, "-A");
+		if (prune_expire)
+			argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--unpack-unreachable=%s", prune_expire);
+	}
+}
+
 static int need_to_gc(void)
 {
 	/*
@@ -160,39 +175,122 @@ static int need_to_gc(void)
 	 * there is no need.
 	 */
 	if (too_many_packs())
-		append_option(argv_repack,
-			      prune_expire && !strcmp(prune_expire, "now") ?
-			      "-a" : "-A",
-			      MAX_ADD);
+		add_repack_all_option();
 	else if (!too_many_loose_objects())
 		return 0;
 
-	if (run_hook(NULL, "pre-auto-gc", NULL))
+	if (run_hook_le(NULL, "pre-auto-gc", NULL))
 		return 0;
 	return 1;
 }
 
+/* return NULL on success, else hostname running the gc */
+static const char *lock_repo_for_gc(int force, pid_t* ret_pid)
+{
+	static struct lock_file lock;
+	char my_host[128];
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct stat st;
+	uintmax_t pid;
+	FILE *fp;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (pidfile)
+		/* already locked */
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (gethostname(my_host, sizeof(my_host)))
+		strcpy(my_host, "unknown");
+
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, git_path("gc.pid"),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	if (!force) {
+		static char locking_host[128];
+		int should_exit;
+		fp = fopen(git_path("gc.pid"), "r");
+		memset(locking_host, 0, sizeof(locking_host));
+		should_exit =
+			fp != NULL &&
+			!fstat(fileno(fp), &st) &&
+			/*
+			 * 12 hour limit is very generous as gc should
+			 * never take that long. On the other hand we
+			 * don't really need a strict limit here,
+			 * running gc --auto one day late is not a big
+			 * problem. --force can be used in manual gc
+			 * after the user verifies that no gc is
+			 * running.
+			 */
+			time(NULL) - st.st_mtime <= 12 * 3600 &&
+			fscanf(fp, "%"PRIuMAX" %127c", &pid, locking_host) == 2 &&
+			/* be gentle to concurrent "gc" on remote hosts */
+			(strcmp(locking_host, my_host) || !kill(pid, 0) || errno == EPERM);
+		if (fp != NULL)
+			fclose(fp);
+		if (should_exit) {
+			if (fd >= 0)
+				rollback_lock_file(&lock);
+			*ret_pid = pid;
+			return locking_host;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%"PRIuMAX" %s",
+		    (uintmax_t) getpid(), my_host);
+	write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	commit_lock_file(&lock);
+
+	pidfile = git_pathdup("gc.pid");
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_pidfile_on_signal);
+	atexit(remove_pidfile);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int gc_before_repack(void)
+{
+	if (pack_refs && run_command_v_opt(pack_refs_cmd.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, pack_refs_cmd.argv[0]);
+
+	if (prune_reflogs && run_command_v_opt(reflog.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, reflog.argv[0]);
+
+	pack_refs = 0;
+	prune_reflogs = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int aggressive = 0;
 	int auto_gc = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
-	char buf[80];
+	int force = 0;
+	const char *name;
+	pid_t pid;
 
 	struct option builtin_gc_options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "suppress progress reporting"),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, "date",
-			"prune unreferenced objects",
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, N_("date"),
+			N_("prune unreferenced objects"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)prune_expire },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, "be more thorough (increased runtime)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "auto", &auto_gc, "enable auto-gc mode"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, N_("be more thorough (increased runtime)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "auto", &auto_gc, N_("enable auto-gc mode")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "force", &force, N_("force running gc even if there may be another gc running")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_gc_usage, builtin_gc_options);
 
-	git_config(gc_config, NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&pack_refs_cmd, "pack-refs", "--all", "--prune", NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&reflog, "reflog", "expire", "--all", NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&repack, "repack", "-d", "-l", NULL);
+	argv_array_pushl(&prune, "prune", "--expire", NULL );
+	argv_array_pushl(&rerere, "rerere", "gc", NULL);
+
+	gc_config();
 
 	if (pack_refs < 0)
 		pack_refs = !is_bare_repository();
@@ -203,15 +301,14 @@ int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_gc_usage, builtin_gc_options);
 
 	if (aggressive) {
-		append_option(argv_repack, "-f", MAX_ADD);
-		append_option(argv_repack, "--depth=250", MAX_ADD);
-		if (aggressive_window > 0) {
-			sprintf(buf, "--window=%d", aggressive_window);
-			append_option(argv_repack, buf, MAX_ADD);
-		}
+		argv_array_push(&repack, "-f");
+		if (aggressive_depth > 0)
+			argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--depth=%d", aggressive_depth);
+		if (aggressive_window > 0)
+			argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--window=%d", aggressive_window);
 	}
 	if (quiet)
-		append_option(argv_repack, "-q", MAX_ADD);
+		argv_array_push(&repack, "-q");
 
 	if (auto_gc) {
 		/*
@@ -219,38 +316,49 @@ int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 */
 		if (!need_to_gc())
 			return 0;
-		if (quiet)
-			fprintf(stderr, _("Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"));
-		else
-			fprintf(stderr,
-					_("Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
-					"run \"git gc\" manually. See "
-					"\"git help gc\" for more information.\n"));
+		if (!quiet) {
+			if (detach_auto)
+				fprintf(stderr, _("Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"));
+			else
+				fprintf(stderr, _("Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"));
+			fprintf(stderr, _("See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"));
+		}
+		if (detach_auto) {
+			if (gc_before_repack())
+				return -1;
+			/*
+			 * failure to daemonize is ok, we'll continue
+			 * in foreground
+			 */
+			daemonize();
+		}
 	} else
-		append_option(argv_repack,
-			      prune_expire && !strcmp(prune_expire, "now")
-			      ? "-a" : "-A",
-			      MAX_ADD);
-
-	if (pack_refs && run_command_v_opt(argv_pack_refs, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_pack_refs[0]);
+		add_repack_all_option();
+
+	name = lock_repo_for_gc(force, &pid);
+	if (name) {
+		if (auto_gc)
+			return 0; /* be quiet on --auto */
+		die(_("gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %"PRIuMAX" (use --force if not)"),
+		    name, (uintmax_t)pid);
+	}
 
-	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_reflog, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_reflog[0]);
+	if (gc_before_repack())
+		return -1;
 
-	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_repack, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_repack[0]);
+	if (run_command_v_opt(repack.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, repack.argv[0]);
 
 	if (prune_expire) {
-		argv_prune[2] = prune_expire;
+		argv_array_push(&prune, prune_expire);
 		if (quiet)
-			argv_prune[3] = "--no-progress";
-		if (run_command_v_opt(argv_prune, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-			return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_prune[0]);
+			argv_array_push(&prune, "--no-progress");
+		if (run_command_v_opt(prune.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+			return error(FAILED_RUN, prune.argv[0]);
 	}
 
-	if (run_command_v_opt(argv_rerere, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error(FAILED_RUN, argv_rerere[0]);
+	if (run_command_v_opt(rerere.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
+		return error(FAILED_RUN, rerere.argv[0]);
 
 	if (auto_gc && too_many_loose_objects())
 		warning(_("There are too many unreachable loose objects; "
diff --git a/builtin/get-tar-commit-id.c b/builtin/get-tar-commit-id.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f4147ad02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/get-tar-commit-id.c
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Rene Scharfe
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tar.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+
+static const char builtin_get_tar_commit_id_usage[] =
+"git get-tar-commit-id < <tarfile>";
+
+/* ustar header + extended global header content */
+#define RECORDSIZE	(512)
+#define HEADERSIZE (2 * RECORDSIZE)
+
+int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	char buffer[HEADERSIZE];
+	struct ustar_header *header = (struct ustar_header *)buffer;
+	char *content = buffer + RECORDSIZE;
+	const char *comment;
+	ssize_t n;
+
+	if (argc != 1)
+		usage(builtin_get_tar_commit_id_usage);
+
+	n = read_in_full(0, buffer, HEADERSIZE);
+	if (n < HEADERSIZE)
+		die("git get-tar-commit-id: read error");
+	if (header->typeflag[0] != 'g')
+		return 1;
+	if (!skip_prefix(content, "52 comment=", &comment))
+		return 1;
+
+	n = write_in_full(1, comment, 41);
+	if (n < 41)
+		die_errno("git get-tar-commit-id: write error");
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/grep.c b/builtin/grep.c
index 643938d905..abc440023f 100644
--- a/builtin/grep.c
+++ b/builtin/grep.c
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static char const * const grep_usage[] = {
-	"git grep [options] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]",
+	N_("git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ static pthread_cond_t cond_result;
 static int skip_first_line;
 
 static void add_work(struct grep_opt *opt, enum grep_source_type type,
-		     const char *name, const void *id)
+		     const char *name, const char *path, const void *id)
 {
 	grep_lock();
 
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ static void add_work(struct grep_opt *opt, enum grep_source_type type,
 		pthread_cond_wait(&cond_write, &grep_mutex);
 	}
 
-	grep_source_init(&todo[todo_end].source, type, name, id);
+	grep_source_init(&todo[todo_end].source, type, name, path, id);
 	if (opt->binary != GREP_BINARY_TEXT)
 		grep_source_load_driver(&todo[todo_end].source);
 	todo[todo_end].done = 0;
@@ -209,6 +210,7 @@ static void start_threads(struct grep_opt *opt)
 		int err;
 		struct grep_opt *o = grep_opt_dup(opt);
 		o->output = strbuf_out;
+		o->debug = 0;
 		compile_grep_patterns(o);
 		err = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, run, o);
 
@@ -260,51 +262,12 @@ static int wait_all(void)
 }
 #endif
 
-static int grep_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static int grep_cmd_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	struct grep_opt *opt = cb;
-	char *color = NULL;
-
-	if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
-		return -1;
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.extendedregexp")) {
-		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
-			opt->regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
-		else
-			opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.linenumber")) {
-		opt->linenum = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep"))
-		opt->color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.context"))
-		color = opt->color_context;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.filename"))
-		color = opt->color_filename;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.function"))
-		color = opt->color_function;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.linenumber"))
-		color = opt->color_lineno;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.match"))
-		color = opt->color_match;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.selected"))
-		color = opt->color_selected;
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.separator"))
-		color = opt->color_sep;
-	else
-		return git_color_default_config(var, value, cb);
-	if (color) {
-		if (!value)
-			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		color_parse(value, var, color);
-	}
-	return 0;
+	int st = grep_config(var, value, cb);
+	if (git_color_default_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		st = -1;
+	return st;
 }
 
 static void *lock_and_read_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size)
@@ -318,13 +281,13 @@ static void *lock_and_read_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type
 }
 
 static int grep_sha1(struct grep_opt *opt, const unsigned char *sha1,
-		     const char *filename, int tree_name_len)
+		     const char *filename, int tree_name_len,
+		     const char *path)
 {
 	struct strbuf pathbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length) {
-		quote_path_relative(filename + tree_name_len, -1, &pathbuf,
-				    opt->prefix);
+		quote_path_relative(filename + tree_name_len, opt->prefix, &pathbuf);
 		strbuf_insert(&pathbuf, 0, filename, tree_name_len);
 	} else {
 		strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, filename);
@@ -332,7 +295,7 @@ static int grep_sha1(struct grep_opt *opt, const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	if (use_threads) {
-		add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, sha1);
+		add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, path, sha1);
 		strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 		return 0;
 	} else
@@ -341,7 +304,7 @@ static int grep_sha1(struct grep_opt *opt, const unsigned char *sha1,
 		struct grep_source gs;
 		int hit;
 
-		grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, sha1);
+		grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_SHA1, pathbuf.buf, path, sha1);
 		strbuf_release(&pathbuf);
 		hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
 
@@ -355,13 +318,13 @@ static int grep_file(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *filename)
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (opt->relative && opt->prefix_length)
-		quote_path_relative(filename, -1, &buf, opt->prefix);
+		quote_path_relative(filename, opt->prefix, &buf);
 	else
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, filename);
 
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 	if (use_threads) {
-		add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename);
+		add_work(opt, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		return 0;
 	} else
@@ -370,7 +333,7 @@ static int grep_file(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *filename)
 		struct grep_source gs;
 		int hit;
 
-		grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename);
+		grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_FILE, buf.buf, filename, filename);
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 		hit = grep_source(opt, &gs);
 
@@ -398,9 +361,7 @@ static void run_pager(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *prefix)
 		argv[i] = path_list->items[i].string;
 	argv[path_list->nr] = NULL;
 
-	if (prefix && chdir(prefix))
-		die(_("Failed to chdir: %s"), prefix);
-	status = run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_USING_SHELL);
+	status = run_command_v_opt_cd_env(argv, RUN_USING_SHELL, prefix, NULL);
 	if (status)
 		exit(status);
 	free(argv);
@@ -413,10 +374,10 @@ static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int
 	read_cache();
 
 	for (nr = 0; nr < active_nr; nr++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[nr];
 		if (!S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode))
 			continue;
-		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, pathspec, NULL))
 			continue;
 		/*
 		 * If CE_VALID is on, we assume worktree file and its cache entry
@@ -426,7 +387,7 @@ static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int
 		if (cached || (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) || ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
 			if (ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
-			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, ce->sha1, ce->name, 0);
+			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, ce->sha1, ce->name, 0, ce->name);
 		}
 		else
 			hit |= grep_file(opt, ce->name);
@@ -444,7 +405,8 @@ static int grep_cache(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int
 }
 
 static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-		     struct tree_desc *tree, struct strbuf *base, int tn_len)
+		     struct tree_desc *tree, struct strbuf *base, int tn_len,
+		     int check_attr)
 {
 	int hit = 0;
 	enum interesting match = entry_not_interesting;
@@ -465,7 +427,8 @@ static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		strbuf_add(base, entry.path, te_len);
 
 		if (S_ISREG(entry.mode)) {
-			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, entry.sha1, base->buf, tn_len);
+			hit |= grep_sha1(opt, entry.sha1, base->buf, tn_len,
+					 check_attr ? base->buf + tn_len : NULL);
 		}
 		else if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode)) {
 			enum object_type type;
@@ -480,7 +443,8 @@ static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 
 			strbuf_addch(base, '/');
 			init_tree_desc(&sub, data, size);
-			hit |= grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &sub, base, tn_len);
+			hit |= grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &sub, base, tn_len,
+					 check_attr);
 			free(data);
 		}
 		strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
@@ -492,10 +456,10 @@ static int grep_tree(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 }
 
 static int grep_object(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-		       struct object *obj, const char *name)
+		       struct object *obj, const char *name, const char *path)
 {
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB)
-		return grep_sha1(opt, obj->sha1, name, 0);
+		return grep_sha1(opt, obj->sha1, name, 0, path);
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT || obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 		struct tree_desc tree;
 		void *data;
@@ -518,7 +482,8 @@ static int grep_object(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			strbuf_addch(&base, ':');
 		}
 		init_tree_desc(&tree, data, size);
-		hit = grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &tree, &base, base.len);
+		hit = grep_tree(opt, pathspec, &tree, &base, base.len,
+				obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT);
 		strbuf_release(&base);
 		free(data);
 		return hit;
@@ -536,7 +501,7 @@ static int grep_objects(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 		struct object *real_obj;
 		real_obj = deref_tag(list->objects[i].item, NULL, 0);
-		if (grep_object(opt, pathspec, real_obj, list->objects[i].name)) {
+		if (grep_object(opt, pathspec, real_obj, list->objects[i].name, list->objects[i].path)) {
 			hit = 1;
 			if (opt->status_only)
 				break;
@@ -555,11 +520,9 @@ static int grep_directory(struct grep_opt *opt, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 	if (exc_std)
 		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec->raw);
+	fill_directory(&dir, pathspec);
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
-		const char *name = dir.entries[i]->name;
-		int namelen = strlen(name);
-		if (!match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, name, namelen, 0, NULL))
+		if (!dir_path_match(dir.entries[i], pathspec, 0, NULL))
 			continue;
 		hit |= grep_file(opt, dir.entries[i]->name);
 		if (hit && opt->status_only)
@@ -600,15 +563,12 @@ static int file_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	if (!patterns)
 		die_errno(_("cannot open '%s'"), arg);
 	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, patterns, '\n') == 0) {
-		char *s;
-		size_t len;
-
 		/* ignore empty line like grep does */
 		if (sb.len == 0)
 			continue;
 
-		s = strbuf_detach(&sb, &len);
-		append_grep_pat(grep_opt, s, len, arg, ++lno, GREP_PATTERN);
+		append_grep_pat(grep_opt, sb.buf, sb.len, arg, ++lno,
+				GREP_PATTERN);
 	}
 	if (!from_stdin)
 		fclose(patterns);
@@ -666,103 +626,97 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *show_in_pager = NULL, *default_pager = "dummy";
 	struct grep_opt opt;
 	struct object_array list = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	const char **paths = NULL;
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	struct string_list path_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	int i;
 	int dummy;
 	int use_index = 1;
-	enum {
-		pattern_type_unspecified = 0,
-		pattern_type_bre,
-		pattern_type_ere,
-		pattern_type_fixed,
-		pattern_type_pcre,
-	};
-	int pattern_type = pattern_type_unspecified;
+	int pattern_type_arg = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cached", &cached,
-			"search in index instead of in the work tree"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &cached,
+			N_("search in index instead of in the work tree")),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "no-index", &use_index,
-			 "finds in contents not managed by git", 1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "untracked", &untracked,
-			"search in both tracked and untracked files"),
+			 N_("find in contents not managed by git"), 1),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "untracked", &untracked,
+			N_("search in both tracked and untracked files")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "exclude-standard", &opt_exclude,
-			    "search also in ignored files", 1),
+			    N_("ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"), 1),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
-			"show non-matching lines"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
-			"case insensitive matching"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
-			"match patterns only at word boundaries"),
+		OPT_BOOL('v', "invert-match", &opt.invert,
+			N_("show non-matching lines")),
+		OPT_BOOL('i', "ignore-case", &opt.ignore_case,
+			N_("case insensitive matching")),
+		OPT_BOOL('w', "word-regexp", &opt.word_regexp,
+			N_("match patterns only at word boundaries")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('a', "text", &opt.binary,
-			"process binary files as text", GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
+			N_("process binary files as text"), GREP_BINARY_TEXT),
 		OPT_SET_INT('I', NULL, &opt.binary,
-			"don't match patterns in binary files",
+			N_("don't match patterns in binary files"),
 			GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH),
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, "depth",
-			"descend at most <depth> levels", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "textconv", &opt.allow_textconv,
+			 N_("process binary files with textconv filters")),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "max-depth", &opt.max_depth, N_("depth"),
+			N_("descend at most <depth> levels"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			NULL, 1 },
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_SET_INT('E', "extended-regexp", &pattern_type,
-			    "use extended POSIX regular expressions",
-			    pattern_type_ere),
-		OPT_SET_INT('G', "basic-regexp", &pattern_type,
-			    "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)",
-			    pattern_type_bre),
-		OPT_SET_INT('F', "fixed-strings", &pattern_type,
-			    "interpret patterns as fixed strings",
-			    pattern_type_fixed),
-		OPT_SET_INT('P', "perl-regexp", &pattern_type,
-			    "use Perl-compatible regular expressions",
-			    pattern_type_pcre),
+		OPT_SET_INT('E', "extended-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("use extended POSIX regular expressions"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE),
+		OPT_SET_INT('G', "basic-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE),
+		OPT_SET_INT('F', "fixed-strings", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("interpret patterns as fixed strings"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED),
+		OPT_SET_INT('P', "perl-regexp", &pattern_type_arg,
+			    N_("use Perl-compatible regular expressions"),
+			    GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, "show line numbers"),
-		OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, "don't show filenames", 1),
-		OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, "show filenames", 1),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "line-number", &opt.linenum, N_("show line numbers")),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('h', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("don't show filenames"), 1),
+		OPT_BIT('H', NULL, &opt.pathname, N_("show filenames"), 1),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "full-name", &opt.relative,
-			"show filenames relative to top directory", 1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
-			"show only filenames instead of matching lines"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
-			"synonym for --files-with-matches"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('L', "files-without-match",
+			N_("show filenames relative to top directory"), 1),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "files-with-matches", &opt.name_only,
+			N_("show only filenames instead of matching lines")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &opt.name_only,
+			N_("synonym for --files-with-matches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('L', "files-without-match",
 			&opt.unmatch_name_only,
-			"show only the names of files without match"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
-			"print NUL after filenames"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "count", &opt.count,
-			"show the number of matches instead of matching lines"),
-		OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, "highlight matches"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
-			"print empty line between matches from different files"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
-			"show filename only once above matches from same file"),
+			N_("show only the names of files without match")),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', "null", &opt.null_following_name,
+			N_("print NUL after filenames")),
+		OPT_BOOL('c', "count", &opt.count,
+			N_("show the number of matches instead of matching lines")),
+		OPT__COLOR(&opt.color, N_("highlight matches")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "break", &opt.file_break,
+			N_("print empty line between matches from different files")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "heading", &opt.heading,
+			N_("show filename only once above matches from same file")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, "n",
-			"show <n> context lines before and after matches",
+		OPT_CALLBACK('C', "context", &opt, N_("n"),
+			N_("show <n> context lines before and after matches"),
 			context_callback),
 		OPT_INTEGER('B', "before-context", &opt.pre_context,
-			"show <n> context lines before matches"),
+			N_("show <n> context lines before matches")),
 		OPT_INTEGER('A', "after-context", &opt.post_context,
-			"show <n> context lines after matches"),
-		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, "shortcut for -C NUM",
+			N_("show <n> context lines after matches")),
+		OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(&opt, N_("shortcut for -C NUM"),
 			context_callback),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
-			"show a line with the function name before matches"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
-			"show the surrounding function"),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "show-function", &opt.funcname,
+			N_("show a line with the function name before matches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('W', "function-context", &opt.funcbody,
+			N_("show the surrounding function")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, "file",
-			"read patterns from file", file_callback),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', NULL, &opt, "pattern",
-			"match <pattern>", PARSE_OPT_NONEG, pattern_callback },
+		OPT_CALLBACK('f', NULL, &opt, N_("file"),
+			N_("read patterns from file"), file_callback),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'e', NULL, &opt, N_("pattern"),
+			N_("match <pattern>"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG, pattern_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "and", &opt, NULL,
-		  "combine patterns specified with -e",
+		  N_("combine patterns specified with -e"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, and_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "or", &dummy, ""),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "not", &opt, NULL, "",
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, not_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, '(', NULL, &opt, NULL, "",
@@ -772,16 +726,19 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NODASH,
 		  close_callback },
 		OPT__QUIET(&opt.status_only,
-			   "indicate hit with exit status without output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
-			"show only matches from files that match all patterns"),
+			   N_("indicate hit with exit status without output")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all-match", &opt.all_match,
+			N_("show only matches from files that match all patterns")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "debug", &opt.debug, NULL,
+		  N_("show parse tree for grep expression"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1 },
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
 		{ OPTION_STRING, 'O', "open-files-in-pager", &show_in_pager,
-			"pager", "show matching files in the pager",
+			N_("pager"), N_("show matching files in the pager"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)default_pager },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
-			    "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", &options, NULL, "show usage",
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ext-grep", &external_grep_allowed__ignored,
+			 N_("allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", &options, NULL, N_("show usage"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, help_callback },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -793,25 +750,9 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage_with_options(grep_usage, options);
 
-	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
-	opt.prefix = prefix;
-	opt.prefix_length = (prefix && *prefix) ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	opt.relative = 1;
-	opt.pathname = 1;
-	opt.pattern_tail = &opt.pattern_list;
-	opt.header_tail = &opt.header_list;
-	opt.regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
-	opt.max_depth = -1;
-
-	strcpy(opt.color_context, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_filename, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_function, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_lineno, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_match, GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED);
-	strcpy(opt.color_selected, "");
-	strcpy(opt.color_sep, GIT_COLOR_CYAN);
-	opt.color = -1;
-	git_config(grep_config, &opt);
+	init_grep_defaults();
+	git_config(grep_cmd_config, NULL);
+	grep_init(&opt, prefix);
 
 	/*
 	 * If there is no -- then the paths must exist in the working
@@ -827,28 +768,7 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH |
 			     PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION |
 			     PARSE_OPT_NO_INTERNAL_HELP);
-	switch (pattern_type) {
-	case pattern_type_fixed:
-		opt.fixed = 1;
-		opt.pcre = 0;
-		break;
-	case pattern_type_bre:
-		opt.fixed = 0;
-		opt.pcre = 0;
-		opt.regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
-		break;
-	case pattern_type_ere:
-		opt.fixed = 0;
-		opt.pcre = 0;
-		opt.regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
-		break;
-	case pattern_type_pcre:
-		opt.fixed = 0;
-		opt.pcre = 1;
-		break;
-	default:
-		break; /* nothing */
-	}
+	grep_commit_pattern_type(pattern_type_arg, &opt);
 
 	if (use_index && !startup_info->have_repository)
 		/* die the same way as if we did it at the beginning */
@@ -895,12 +815,13 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct object_context oc;
 		/* Is it a rev? */
-		if (!get_sha1(arg, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-			if (!object)
-				die(_("bad object %s"), arg);
-			add_object_array(object, arg, &list);
+		if (!get_sha1_with_context(arg, 0, sha1, &oc)) {
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, arg);
+			if (!seen_dashdash)
+				verify_non_filename(prefix, arg);
+			add_object_array_with_path(object, arg, &list, oc.mode, oc.path);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
@@ -931,11 +852,13 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!seen_dashdash) {
 		int j;
 		for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
-			verify_filename(prefix, argv[j]);
+			verify_filename(prefix, argv[j], j == i);
 	}
 
-	paths = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + i);
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       (opt.max_depth != -1 ? PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID : 0),
+		       prefix, argv + i);
 	pathspec.max_depth = opt.max_depth;
 	pathspec.recursive = 1;
 
@@ -949,6 +872,9 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (len > 4 && is_dir_sep(pager[len - 5]))
 			pager += len - 4;
 
+		if (opt.ignore_case && !strcmp("less", pager))
+			string_list_append(&path_list, "-I");
+
 		if (!strcmp("less", pager) || !strcmp("vi", pager)) {
 			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 			strbuf_addf(&buf, "+/%s%s",
@@ -959,7 +885,7 @@ int cmd_grep(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!show_in_pager)
+	if (!show_in_pager && !opt.status_only)
 		setup_pager();
 
 	if (!use_index && (untracked || cached))
diff --git a/builtin/hash-object.c b/builtin/hash-object.c
index 33911fd5e9..207b90c7b1 100644
--- a/builtin/hash-object.c
+++ b/builtin/hash-object.c
@@ -10,35 +10,55 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 
-static void hash_fd(int fd, const char *type, int write_object, const char *path)
+/*
+ * This is to create corrupt objects for debugging and as such it
+ * needs to bypass the data conversion performed by, and the type
+ * limitation imposed by, index_fd() and its callees.
+ */
+static int hash_literally(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, const char *type, unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, fd, 4096) < 0)
+		ret = -1;
+	else if (flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT)
+		ret = write_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, type, sha1);
+	else
+		ret = hash_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, type, sha1);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void hash_fd(int fd, const char *type, const char *path, unsigned flags,
+		    int literally)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned flags = (HASH_FORMAT_CHECK |
-			  (write_object ? HASH_WRITE_OBJECT : 0));
 
 	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0 ||
-	    index_fd(sha1, fd, &st, type_from_string(type), path, flags))
-		die(write_object
+	    (literally
+	     ? hash_literally(sha1, fd, type, flags)
+	     : index_fd(sha1, fd, &st, type_from_string(type), path, flags)))
+		die((flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT)
 		    ? "Unable to add %s to database"
 		    : "Unable to hash %s", path);
 	printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "hash to stdout");
 }
 
-static void hash_object(const char *path, const char *type, int write_object,
-			const char *vpath)
+static void hash_object(const char *path, const char *type, const char *vpath,
+			unsigned flags, int literally)
 {
 	int fd;
 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno("Cannot open '%s'", path);
-	hash_fd(fd, type, write_object, vpath);
+	hash_fd(fd, type, vpath, flags, literally);
 }
 
-static int no_filters;
-
-static void hash_stdin_paths(const char *type, int write_objects)
+static void hash_stdin_paths(const char *type, int no_filters, unsigned flags,
+			     int literally)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -49,47 +69,46 @@ static void hash_stdin_paths(const char *type, int write_objects)
 				die("line is badly quoted");
 			strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
 		}
-		hash_object(buf.buf, type, write_objects,
-		    no_filters ? NULL : buf.buf);
+		hash_object(buf.buf, type, no_filters ? NULL : buf.buf, flags,
+			    literally);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	strbuf_release(&nbuf);
 }
 
-static const char * const hash_object_usage[] = {
-	"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file>|--no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <file>...",
-	"git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>",
-	NULL
-};
-
-static const char *type;
-static int write_object;
-static int hashstdin;
-static int stdin_paths;
-static const char *vpath;
-
-static const struct option hash_object_options[] = {
-	OPT_STRING('t', NULL, &type, "type", "object type"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('w', NULL, &write_object, "write the object into the object database"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, "read the object from stdin"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, "read file names from stdin"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, "store file as is without filters"),
-	OPT_STRING( 0 , "path", &vpath, "file", "process file as it were from this path"),
-	OPT_END()
-};
-
 int cmd_hash_object(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	static const char * const hash_object_usage[] = {
+		N_("git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <file>..."),
+		N_("git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"),
+		NULL
+	};
+	const char *type = blob_type;
+	int hashstdin = 0;
+	int stdin_paths = 0;
+	int no_filters = 0;
+	int literally = 0;
+	unsigned flags = HASH_FORMAT_CHECK;
+	const char *vpath = NULL;
+	const struct option hash_object_options[] = {
+		OPT_STRING('t', NULL, &type, N_("type"), N_("object type")),
+		OPT_BIT('w', NULL, &flags, N_("write the object into the object database"),
+			HASH_WRITE_OBJECT),
+		OPT_COUNTUP( 0 , "stdin", &hashstdin, N_("read the object from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "stdin-paths", &stdin_paths, N_("read file names from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "no-filters", &no_filters, N_("store file as is without filters")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0, "literally", &literally, N_("just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git")),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "path", &vpath, N_("file"), N_("process file as it were from this path")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
 	int i;
 	int prefix_length = -1;
 	const char *errstr = NULL;
 
-	type = blob_type;
-
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, hash_object_options,
 			     hash_object_usage, 0);
 
-	if (write_object) {
+	if (flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT) {
 		prefix = setup_git_directory();
 		prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
 		if (vpath && prefix)
@@ -119,19 +138,19 @@ int cmd_hash_object(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (hashstdin)
-		hash_fd(0, type, write_object, vpath);
+		hash_fd(0, type, vpath, flags, literally);
 
 	for (i = 0 ; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
 		if (0 <= prefix_length)
 			arg = prefix_filename(prefix, prefix_length, arg);
-		hash_object(arg, type, write_object,
-			    no_filters ? NULL : vpath ? vpath : arg);
+		hash_object(arg, type, no_filters ? NULL : vpath ? vpath : arg,
+			    flags, literally);
 	}
 
 	if (stdin_paths)
-		hash_stdin_paths(type, write_object);
+		hash_stdin_paths(type, no_filters, flags, literally);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/help.c b/builtin/help.c
index 61ff79839b..3422e73079 100644
--- a/builtin/help.c
+++ b/builtin/help.c
@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 /*
- * builtin-help.c
- *
  * Builtin help command
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "common-cmds.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "column.h"
 #include "help.h"
 
+#ifndef DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT
+#define DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT "man"
+#endif
+
 static struct man_viewer_list {
 	struct man_viewer_list *next;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
@@ -29,20 +31,25 @@ enum help_format {
 	HELP_FORMAT_WEB
 };
 
+static const char *html_path;
+
 static int show_all = 0;
+static int show_guides = 0;
+static unsigned int colopts;
 static enum help_format help_format = HELP_FORMAT_NONE;
 static struct option builtin_help_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, "print all available commands"),
-	OPT_SET_INT('m', "man", &help_format, "show man page", HELP_FORMAT_MAN),
-	OPT_SET_INT('w', "web", &help_format, "show manual in web browser",
+	OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &show_all, N_("print all available commands")),
+	OPT_BOOL('g', "guides", &show_guides, N_("print list of useful guides")),
+	OPT_SET_INT('m', "man", &help_format, N_("show man page"), HELP_FORMAT_MAN),
+	OPT_SET_INT('w', "web", &help_format, N_("show manual in web browser"),
 			HELP_FORMAT_WEB),
-	OPT_SET_INT('i', "info", &help_format, "show info page",
+	OPT_SET_INT('i', "info", &help_format, N_("show info page"),
 			HELP_FORMAT_INFO),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_help_usage[] = {
-	"git help [--all] [--man|--web|--info] [command]",
+	N_("git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -54,7 +61,7 @@ static enum help_format parse_help_format(const char *format)
 		return HELP_FORMAT_INFO;
 	if (!strcmp(format, "web") || !strcmp(format, "html"))
 		return HELP_FORMAT_WEB;
-	die("unrecognized help format '%s'", format);
+	die(_("unrecognized help format '%s'"), format);
 }
 
 static const char *get_man_viewer_info(const char *name)
@@ -72,17 +79,16 @@ static const char *get_man_viewer_info(const char *name)
 static int check_emacsclient_version(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct child_process ec_process;
+	struct child_process ec_process = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv_ec[] = { "emacsclient", "--version", NULL };
 	int version;
 
 	/* emacsclient prints its version number on stderr */
-	memset(&ec_process, 0, sizeof(ec_process));
 	ec_process.argv = argv_ec;
 	ec_process.err = -1;
 	ec_process.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 	if (start_command(&ec_process))
-		return error("Failed to start emacsclient.");
+		return error(_("Failed to start emacsclient."));
 
 	strbuf_read(&buffer, ec_process.err, 20);
 	close(ec_process.err);
@@ -93,9 +99,9 @@ static int check_emacsclient_version(void)
 	 */
 	finish_command(&ec_process);
 
-	if (prefixcmp(buffer.buf, "emacsclient")) {
+	if (!starts_with(buffer.buf, "emacsclient")) {
 		strbuf_release(&buffer);
-		return error("Failed to parse emacsclient version.");
+		return error(_("Failed to parse emacsclient version."));
 	}
 
 	strbuf_remove(&buffer, 0, strlen("emacsclient"));
@@ -103,7 +109,7 @@ static int check_emacsclient_version(void)
 
 	if (version < 22) {
 		strbuf_release(&buffer);
-		return error("emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22).",
+		return error(_("emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."),
 			version);
 	}
 
@@ -121,7 +127,7 @@ static void exec_woman_emacs(const char *path, const char *page)
 			path = "emacsclient";
 		strbuf_addf(&man_page, "(woman \"%s\")", page);
 		execlp(path, "emacsclient", "-e", man_page.buf, (char *)NULL);
-		warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", path, strerror(errno));
+		warning(_("failed to exec '%s': %s"), path, strerror(errno));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -149,7 +155,7 @@ static void exec_man_konqueror(const char *path, const char *page)
 			path = "kfmclient";
 		strbuf_addf(&man_page, "man:%s(1)", page);
 		execlp(path, filename, "newTab", man_page.buf, (char *)NULL);
-		warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", path, strerror(errno));
+		warning(_("failed to exec '%s': %s"), path, strerror(errno));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -158,15 +164,15 @@ static void exec_man_man(const char *path, const char *page)
 	if (!path)
 		path = "man";
 	execlp(path, "man", page, (char *)NULL);
-	warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", path, strerror(errno));
+	warning(_("failed to exec '%s': %s"), path, strerror(errno));
 }
 
 static void exec_man_cmd(const char *cmd, const char *page)
 {
 	struct strbuf shell_cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
 	strbuf_addf(&shell_cmd, "%s %s", cmd, page);
-	execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-c", shell_cmd.buf, (char *)NULL);
-	warning("failed to exec '%s': %s", cmd, strerror(errno));
+	execl(SHELL_PATH, SHELL_PATH, "-c", shell_cmd.buf, (char *)NULL);
+	warning(_("failed to exec '%s': %s"), cmd, strerror(errno));
 }
 
 static void add_man_viewer(const char *name)
@@ -206,8 +212,8 @@ static int add_man_viewer_path(const char *name,
 	if (supported_man_viewer(name, len))
 		do_add_man_viewer_info(name, len, value);
 	else
-		warning("'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
-			"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead.",
+		warning(_("'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+			  "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."),
 			name);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -218,8 +224,8 @@ static int add_man_viewer_cmd(const char *name,
 			      const char *value)
 {
 	if (supported_man_viewer(name, len))
-		warning("'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
-			"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead.",
+		warning(_("'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+			  "Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."),
 			name);
 	else
 		do_add_man_viewer_info(name, len, value);
@@ -229,21 +235,21 @@ static int add_man_viewer_cmd(const char *name,
 
 static int add_man_viewer_info(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	const char *name = var + 4;
-	const char *subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
+	const char *name, *subkey;
+	int namelen;
 
-	if (!subkey)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "man", &name, &namelen, &subkey) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".path")) {
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "path")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		return add_man_viewer_path(name, subkey - name, value);
+		return add_man_viewer_path(name, namelen, value);
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(subkey, ".cmd")) {
+	if (!strcmp(subkey, "cmd")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, subkey - name, value);
+		return add_man_viewer_cmd(name, namelen, value);
 	}
 
 	return 0;
@@ -251,19 +257,27 @@ static int add_man_viewer_info(const char *var, const char *value)
 
 static int git_help_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	if (starts_with(var, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(var, value, "help", &colopts);
 	if (!strcmp(var, "help.format")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
 		help_format = parse_help_format(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "help.htmlpath")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		html_path = xstrdup(value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "man.viewer")) {
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
 		add_man_viewer(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "man."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "man."))
 		return add_man_viewer_info(var, value);
 
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
@@ -271,25 +285,12 @@ static int git_help_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 static struct cmdnames main_cmds, other_cmds;
 
-void list_common_cmds_help(void)
-{
-	int i, longest = 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
-		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
-			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
-	}
-
-	puts("The most commonly used git commands are:");
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
-		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
-		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
-		puts(common_cmds[i].help);
-	}
-}
-
 static int is_git_command(const char *s)
 {
+	if (is_builtin(s))
+		return 1;
+
+	load_command_list("git-", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
 	return is_in_cmdlist(&main_cmds, s) ||
 		is_in_cmdlist(&other_cmds, s);
 }
@@ -308,7 +309,7 @@ static const char *cmd_to_page(const char *git_cmd)
 {
 	if (!git_cmd)
 		return "git";
-	else if (!prefixcmp(git_cmd, "git"))
+	else if (starts_with(git_cmd, "git"))
 		return git_cmd;
 	else if (is_git_command(git_cmd))
 		return prepend("git-", git_cmd);
@@ -320,16 +321,18 @@ static void setup_man_path(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf new_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *old_path = getenv("MANPATH");
+	char *git_man_path = system_path(GIT_MAN_PATH);
 
 	/* We should always put ':' after our path. If there is no
 	 * old_path, the ':' at the end will let 'man' to try
 	 * system-wide paths after ours to find the manual page. If
 	 * there is old_path, we need ':' as delimiter. */
-	strbuf_addstr(&new_path, system_path(GIT_MAN_PATH));
+	strbuf_addstr(&new_path, git_man_path);
 	strbuf_addch(&new_path, ':');
 	if (old_path)
 		strbuf_addstr(&new_path, old_path);
 
+	free(git_man_path);
 	setenv("MANPATH", new_path.buf, 1);
 
 	strbuf_release(&new_path);
@@ -348,7 +351,7 @@ static void exec_viewer(const char *name, const char *page)
 	else if (info)
 		exec_man_cmd(info, page);
 	else
-		warning("'%s': unknown man viewer.", name);
+		warning(_("'%s': unknown man viewer."), name);
 }
 
 static void show_man_page(const char *git_cmd)
@@ -365,7 +368,7 @@ static void show_man_page(const char *git_cmd)
 	if (fallback)
 		exec_viewer(fallback, page);
 	exec_viewer("man", page);
-	die("no man viewer handled the request");
+	die(_("no man viewer handled the request"));
 }
 
 static void show_info_page(const char *git_cmd)
@@ -373,21 +376,27 @@ static void show_info_page(const char *git_cmd)
 	const char *page = cmd_to_page(git_cmd);
 	setenv("INFOPATH", system_path(GIT_INFO_PATH), 1);
 	execlp("info", "info", "gitman", page, (char *)NULL);
-	die("no info viewer handled the request");
+	die(_("no info viewer handled the request"));
 }
 
 static void get_html_page_path(struct strbuf *page_path, const char *page)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	const char *html_path = system_path(GIT_HTML_PATH);
+	char *to_free = NULL;
+
+	if (!html_path)
+		html_path = to_free = system_path(GIT_HTML_PATH);
 
 	/* Check that we have a git documentation directory. */
-	if (stat(mkpath("%s/git.html", html_path), &st)
-	    || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-		die("'%s': not a documentation directory.", html_path);
+	if (!strstr(html_path, "://")) {
+		if (stat(mkpath("%s/git.html", html_path), &st)
+		    || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+			die("'%s': not a documentation directory.", html_path);
+	}
 
 	strbuf_init(page_path, 0);
 	strbuf_addf(page_path, "%s/%s.html", html_path, page);
+	free(to_free);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -412,28 +421,70 @@ static void show_html_page(const char *git_cmd)
 	open_html(page_path.buf);
 }
 
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *help;
+} common_guides[] = {
+	{ "attributes", N_("Defining attributes per path") },
+	{ "everyday", N_("Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So") },
+	{ "glossary", N_("A Git glossary") },
+	{ "ignore", N_("Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore") },
+	{ "modules", N_("Defining submodule properties") },
+	{ "revisions", N_("Specifying revisions and ranges for Git") },
+	{ "tutorial", N_("A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)") },
+	{ "workflows", N_("An overview of recommended workflows with Git") },
+};
+
+static void list_common_guides_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_guides); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_guides[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_guides[i].name);
+	}
+
+	puts(_("The common Git guides are:\n"));
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_guides); i++) {
+		printf("   %s   ", common_guides[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_guides[i].name));
+		puts(_(common_guides[i].help));
+	}
+	putchar('\n');
+}
+
 int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int nongit;
-	const char *alias;
+	char *alias;
 	enum help_format parsed_help_format;
-	load_command_list("git-", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_help_options,
 			builtin_help_usage, 0);
 	parsed_help_format = help_format;
 
 	if (show_all) {
-		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
-		list_commands("git commands", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
-		printf("%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		git_config(git_help_config, NULL);
+		printf(_("usage: %s%s"), _(git_usage_string), "\n\n");
+		load_command_list("git-", &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+		list_commands(colopts, &main_cmds, &other_cmds);
+	}
+
+	if (show_guides)
+		list_common_guides_help();
+
+	if (show_all || show_guides) {
+		printf("%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
+		/*
+		* We're done. Ignore any remaining args
+		*/
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (!argv[0]) {
-		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
+		printf(_("usage: %s%s"), _(git_usage_string), "\n\n");
 		list_common_cmds_help();
-		printf("\n%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		printf("\n%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -442,10 +493,13 @@ int cmd_help(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (parsed_help_format != HELP_FORMAT_NONE)
 		help_format = parsed_help_format;
+	if (help_format == HELP_FORMAT_NONE)
+		help_format = parse_help_format(DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT);
 
 	alias = alias_lookup(argv[0]);
 	if (alias && !is_git_command(argv[0])) {
-		printf("`git %s' is aliased to `%s'\n", argv[0], alias);
+		printf_ln(_("`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"), argv[0], alias);
+		free(alias);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/index-pack.c b/builtin/index-pack.c
index dd1c5c961d..cf654df09b 100644
--- a/builtin/index-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/index-pack.c
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "fsck.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
+#include "thread-utils.h"
 
 static const char index_pack_usage[] =
 "git index-pack [-v] [-o <index-file>] [--keep | --keep=<msg>] [--verify] [--strict] (<pack-file> | --stdin [--fix-thin] [<pack-file>])";
@@ -38,6 +40,15 @@ struct base_data {
 	int ofs_first, ofs_last;
 };
 
+struct thread_local {
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	pthread_t thread;
+#endif
+	struct base_data *base_cache;
+	size_t base_cache_used;
+	int pack_fd;
+};
+
 /*
  * Even if sizeof(union delta_base) == 24 on 64-bit archs, we really want
  * to memcmp() only the first 20 bytes.
@@ -54,15 +65,18 @@ struct delta_entry {
 
 static struct object_entry *objects;
 static struct delta_entry *deltas;
-static struct base_data *base_cache;
-static size_t base_cache_used;
+static struct thread_local nothread_data;
 static int nr_objects;
 static int nr_deltas;
 static int nr_resolved_deltas;
+static int nr_threads;
 
 static int from_stdin;
 static int strict;
+static int do_fsck_object;
 static int verbose;
+static int show_stat;
+static int check_self_contained_and_connected;
 
 static struct progress *progress;
 
@@ -73,7 +87,109 @@ static off_t consumed_bytes;
 static unsigned deepest_delta;
 static git_SHA_CTX input_ctx;
 static uint32_t input_crc32;
-static int input_fd, output_fd, pack_fd;
+static int input_fd, output_fd;
+static const char *curr_pack;
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+
+static struct thread_local *thread_data;
+static int nr_dispatched;
+static int threads_active;
+
+static pthread_mutex_t read_mutex;
+#define read_lock()		lock_mutex(&read_mutex)
+#define read_unlock()		unlock_mutex(&read_mutex)
+
+static pthread_mutex_t counter_mutex;
+#define counter_lock()		lock_mutex(&counter_mutex)
+#define counter_unlock()	unlock_mutex(&counter_mutex)
+
+static pthread_mutex_t work_mutex;
+#define work_lock()		lock_mutex(&work_mutex)
+#define work_unlock()		unlock_mutex(&work_mutex)
+
+static pthread_mutex_t deepest_delta_mutex;
+#define deepest_delta_lock()	lock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
+#define deepest_delta_unlock()	unlock_mutex(&deepest_delta_mutex)
+
+static pthread_mutex_t type_cas_mutex;
+#define type_cas_lock()		lock_mutex(&type_cas_mutex)
+#define type_cas_unlock()	unlock_mutex(&type_cas_mutex)
+
+static pthread_key_t key;
+
+static inline void lock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
+{
+	if (threads_active)
+		pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
+}
+
+static inline void unlock_mutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
+{
+	if (threads_active)
+		pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mutex and conditional variable can't be statically-initialized on Windows.
+ */
+static void init_thread(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	init_recursive_mutex(&read_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_init(&counter_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_mutex_init(&work_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_mutex_init(&type_cas_mutex, NULL);
+	if (show_stat)
+		pthread_mutex_init(&deepest_delta_mutex, NULL);
+	pthread_key_create(&key, NULL);
+	thread_data = xcalloc(nr_threads, sizeof(*thread_data));
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_threads; i++) {
+		thread_data[i].pack_fd = open(curr_pack, O_RDONLY);
+		if (thread_data[i].pack_fd == -1)
+			die_errno(_("unable to open %s"), curr_pack);
+	}
+
+	threads_active = 1;
+}
+
+static void cleanup_thread(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (!threads_active)
+		return;
+	threads_active = 0;
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&read_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&counter_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&work_mutex);
+	pthread_mutex_destroy(&type_cas_mutex);
+	if (show_stat)
+		pthread_mutex_destroy(&deepest_delta_mutex);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_threads; i++)
+		close(thread_data[i].pack_fd);
+	pthread_key_delete(key);
+	free(thread_data);
+}
+
+#else
+
+#define read_lock()
+#define read_unlock()
+
+#define counter_lock()
+#define counter_unlock()
+
+#define work_lock()
+#define work_unlock()
+
+#define deepest_delta_lock()
+#define deepest_delta_unlock()
+
+#define type_cas_lock()
+#define type_cas_unlock()
+
+#endif
+
 
 static int mark_link(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 {
@@ -81,7 +197,7 @@ static int mark_link(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 		return -1;
 
 	if (type != OBJ_ANY && obj->type != type)
-		die("object type mismatch at %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		die(_("object type mismatch at %s"), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
 
 	obj->flags |= FLAG_LINK;
 	return 0;
@@ -89,31 +205,39 @@ static int mark_link(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 
 /* The content of each linked object must have been checked
    or it must be already present in the object database */
-static void check_object(struct object *obj)
+static unsigned check_object(struct object *obj)
 {
 	if (!obj)
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_LINK))
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	if (!(obj->flags & FLAG_CHECKED)) {
 		unsigned long size;
 		int type = sha1_object_info(obj->sha1, &size);
-		if (type != obj->type || type <= 0)
-			die("object of unexpected type");
+		if (type <= 0)
+			die(_("did not receive expected object %s"),
+			      sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+		if (type != obj->type)
+			die(_("object %s: expected type %s, found %s"),
+			    sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1),
+			    typename(obj->type), typename(type));
 		obj->flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void check_objects(void)
+static unsigned check_objects(void)
 {
-	unsigned i, max;
+	unsigned i, max, foreign_nr = 0;
 
 	max = get_max_object_index();
 	for (i = 0; i < max; i++)
-		check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+		foreign_nr += check_object(get_indexed_object(i));
+	return foreign_nr;
 }
 
 
@@ -138,15 +262,18 @@ static void *fill(int min)
 	if (min <= input_len)
 		return input_buffer + input_offset;
 	if (min > sizeof(input_buffer))
-		die("cannot fill %d bytes", min);
+		die(Q_("cannot fill %d byte",
+		       "cannot fill %d bytes",
+		       min),
+		    min);
 	flush();
 	do {
 		ssize_t ret = xread(input_fd, input_buffer + input_len,
 				sizeof(input_buffer) - input_len);
 		if (ret <= 0) {
 			if (!ret)
-				die("early EOF");
-			die_errno("read error on input");
+				die(_("early EOF"));
+			die_errno(_("read error on input"));
 		}
 		input_len += ret;
 		if (from_stdin)
@@ -158,14 +285,14 @@ static void *fill(int min)
 static void use(int bytes)
 {
 	if (bytes > input_len)
-		die("used more bytes than were available");
+		die(_("used more bytes than were available"));
 	input_crc32 = crc32(input_crc32, input_buffer + input_offset, bytes);
 	input_len -= bytes;
 	input_offset += bytes;
 
 	/* make sure off_t is sufficiently large not to wrap */
 	if (signed_add_overflows(consumed_bytes, bytes))
-		die("pack too large for current definition of off_t");
+		die(_("pack too large for current definition of off_t"));
 	consumed_bytes += bytes;
 }
 
@@ -181,14 +308,14 @@ static const char *open_pack_file(const char *pack_name)
 		} else
 			output_fd = open(pack_name, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_RDWR, 0600);
 		if (output_fd < 0)
-			die_errno("unable to create '%s'", pack_name);
-		pack_fd = output_fd;
+			die_errno(_("unable to create '%s'"), pack_name);
+		nothread_data.pack_fd = output_fd;
 	} else {
 		input_fd = open(pack_name, O_RDONLY);
 		if (input_fd < 0)
-			die_errno("cannot open packfile '%s'", pack_name);
+			die_errno(_("cannot open packfile '%s'"), pack_name);
 		output_fd = -1;
-		pack_fd = input_fd;
+		nothread_data.pack_fd = input_fd;
 	}
 	git_SHA1_Init(&input_ctx);
 	return pack_name;
@@ -200,9 +327,9 @@ static void parse_pack_header(void)
 
 	/* Header consistency check */
 	if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE))
-		die("pack signature mismatch");
+		die(_("pack signature mismatch"));
 	if (!pack_version_ok(hdr->hdr_version))
-		die("pack version %"PRIu32" unsupported",
+		die(_("pack version %"PRIu32" unsupported"),
 			ntohl(hdr->hdr_version));
 
 	nr_objects = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
@@ -220,13 +347,31 @@ static NORETURN void bad_object(unsigned long offset, const char *format, ...)
 	va_start(params, format);
 	vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format, params);
 	va_end(params);
-	die("pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s", offset, buf);
+	die(_("pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"), offset, buf);
 }
 
+static inline struct thread_local *get_thread_data(void)
+{
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	if (threads_active)
+		return pthread_getspecific(key);
+	assert(!threads_active &&
+	       "This should only be reached when all threads are gone");
+#endif
+	return &nothread_data;
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+static void set_thread_data(struct thread_local *data)
+{
+	if (threads_active)
+		pthread_setspecific(key, data);
+}
+#endif
+
 static struct base_data *alloc_base_data(void)
 {
-	struct base_data *base = xmalloc(sizeof(struct base_data));
-	memset(base, 0, sizeof(*base));
+	struct base_data *base = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct base_data));
 	base->ref_last = -1;
 	base->ofs_last = -1;
 	return base;
@@ -237,15 +382,16 @@ static void free_base_data(struct base_data *c)
 	if (c->data) {
 		free(c->data);
 		c->data = NULL;
-		base_cache_used -= c->size;
+		get_thread_data()->base_cache_used -= c->size;
 	}
 }
 
 static void prune_base_data(struct base_data *retain)
 {
 	struct base_data *b;
-	for (b = base_cache;
-	     base_cache_used > delta_base_cache_limit && b;
+	struct thread_local *data = get_thread_data();
+	for (b = data->base_cache;
+	     data->base_cache_used > delta_base_cache_limit && b;
 	     b = b->child) {
 		if (b->data && b != retain)
 			free_base_data(b);
@@ -257,12 +403,12 @@ static void link_base_data(struct base_data *base, struct base_data *c)
 	if (base)
 		base->child = c;
 	else
-		base_cache = c;
+		get_thread_data()->base_cache = c;
 
 	c->base = base;
 	c->child = NULL;
 	if (c->data)
-		base_cache_used += c->size;
+		get_thread_data()->base_cache_used += c->size;
 	prune_base_data(c);
 }
 
@@ -272,34 +418,66 @@ static void unlink_base_data(struct base_data *c)
 	if (base)
 		base->child = NULL;
 	else
-		base_cache = NULL;
+		get_thread_data()->base_cache = NULL;
 	free_base_data(c);
 }
 
-static void *unpack_entry_data(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size)
+static int is_delta_type(enum object_type type)
+{
+	return (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
+}
+
+static void *unpack_entry_data(unsigned long offset, unsigned long size,
+			       enum object_type type, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
+	static char fixed_buf[8192];
 	int status;
 	git_zstream stream;
-	void *buf = xmalloc(size);
+	void *buf;
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+	char hdr[32];
+	int hdrlen;
+
+	if (!is_delta_type(type)) {
+		hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", typename(type), size) + 1;
+		git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, hdrlen);
+	} else
+		sha1 = NULL;
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB && size > big_file_threshold)
+		buf = fixed_buf;
+	else
+		buf = xmallocz(size);
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_inflate_init(&stream);
 	stream.next_out = buf;
-	stream.avail_out = size;
+	stream.avail_out = buf == fixed_buf ? sizeof(fixed_buf) : size;
 
 	do {
+		unsigned char *last_out = stream.next_out;
 		stream.next_in = fill(1);
 		stream.avail_in = input_len;
 		status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
 		use(input_len - stream.avail_in);
+		if (sha1)
+			git_SHA1_Update(&c, last_out, stream.next_out - last_out);
+		if (buf == fixed_buf) {
+			stream.next_out = buf;
+			stream.avail_out = sizeof(fixed_buf);
+		}
 	} while (status == Z_OK);
 	if (stream.total_out != size || status != Z_STREAM_END)
-		bad_object(offset, "inflate returned %d", status);
+		bad_object(offset, _("inflate returned %d"), status);
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
-	return buf;
+	if (sha1)
+		git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
+	return buf == fixed_buf ? NULL : buf;
 }
 
-static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj, union delta_base *delta_base)
+static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj,
+			      union delta_base *delta_base,
+			      unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned char *p;
 	unsigned long size, c;
@@ -339,7 +517,7 @@ static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj, union delta_base *delta_
 		while (c & 128) {
 			base_offset += 1;
 			if (!base_offset || MSB(base_offset, 7))
-				bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "offset value overflow for delta base object");
+				bad_object(obj->idx.offset, _("offset value overflow for delta base object"));
 			p = fill(1);
 			c = *p;
 			use(1);
@@ -347,7 +525,7 @@ static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj, union delta_base *delta_
 		}
 		delta_base->offset = obj->idx.offset - base_offset;
 		if (delta_base->offset <= 0 || delta_base->offset >= obj->idx.offset)
-			bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "delta base offset is out of bound");
+			bad_object(obj->idx.offset, _("delta base offset is out of bound"));
 		break;
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
@@ -355,16 +533,18 @@ static void *unpack_raw_entry(struct object_entry *obj, union delta_base *delta_
 	case OBJ_TAG:
 		break;
 	default:
-		bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "unknown object type %d", obj->type);
+		bad_object(obj->idx.offset, _("unknown object type %d"), obj->type);
 	}
 	obj->hdr_size = consumed_bytes - obj->idx.offset;
 
-	data = unpack_entry_data(obj->idx.offset, obj->size);
+	data = unpack_entry_data(obj->idx.offset, obj->size, obj->type, sha1);
 	obj->idx.crc32 = input_crc32;
 	return data;
 }
 
-static void *get_data_from_pack(struct object_entry *obj)
+static void *unpack_data(struct object_entry *obj,
+			 int (*consume)(const unsigned char *, unsigned long, void *),
+			 void *cb_data)
 {
 	off_t from = obj[0].idx.offset + obj[0].hdr_size;
 	unsigned long len = obj[1].idx.offset - from;
@@ -372,37 +552,62 @@ static void *get_data_from_pack(struct object_entry *obj)
 	git_zstream stream;
 	int status;
 
-	data = xmalloc(obj->size);
+	data = xmallocz(consume ? 64*1024 : obj->size);
 	inbuf = xmalloc((len < 64*1024) ? len : 64*1024);
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_inflate_init(&stream);
 	stream.next_out = data;
-	stream.avail_out = obj->size;
+	stream.avail_out = consume ? 64*1024 : obj->size;
 
 	do {
 		ssize_t n = (len < 64*1024) ? len : 64*1024;
-		n = pread(pack_fd, inbuf, n, from);
+		n = xpread(get_thread_data()->pack_fd, inbuf, n, from);
 		if (n < 0)
-			die_errno("cannot pread pack file");
+			die_errno(_("cannot pread pack file"));
 		if (!n)
-			die("premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing", len);
+			die(Q_("premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing",
+			       "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing",
+			       len),
+			    len);
 		from += n;
 		len -= n;
 		stream.next_in = inbuf;
 		stream.avail_in = n;
-		status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+		if (!consume)
+			status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+		else {
+			do {
+				status = git_inflate(&stream, 0);
+				if (consume(data, stream.next_out - data, cb_data)) {
+					free(inbuf);
+					free(data);
+					return NULL;
+				}
+				stream.next_out = data;
+				stream.avail_out = 64*1024;
+			} while (status == Z_OK && stream.avail_in);
+		}
 	} while (len && status == Z_OK && !stream.avail_in);
 
 	/* This has been inflated OK when first encountered, so... */
 	if (status != Z_STREAM_END || stream.total_out != obj->size)
-		die("serious inflate inconsistency");
+		die(_("serious inflate inconsistency"));
 
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
 	free(inbuf);
+	if (consume) {
+		free(data);
+		data = NULL;
+	}
 	return data;
 }
 
+static void *get_data_from_pack(struct object_entry *obj)
+{
+	return unpack_data(obj, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
 static int compare_delta_bases(const union delta_base *base1,
 			       const union delta_base *base2,
 			       enum object_type type1,
@@ -457,62 +662,148 @@ static void find_delta_children(const union delta_base *base,
 	*last_index = last;
 }
 
-static void sha1_object(const void *data, unsigned long size,
-			enum object_type type, unsigned char *sha1)
+struct compare_data {
+	struct object_entry *entry;
+	struct git_istream *st;
+	unsigned char *buf;
+	unsigned long buf_size;
+};
+
+static int compare_objects(const unsigned char *buf, unsigned long size,
+			   void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct compare_data *data = cb_data;
+
+	if (data->buf_size < size) {
+		free(data->buf);
+		data->buf = xmalloc(size);
+		data->buf_size = size;
+	}
+
+	while (size) {
+		ssize_t len = read_istream(data->st, data->buf, size);
+		if (len == 0)
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
+			    sha1_to_hex(data->entry->idx.sha1));
+		if (len < 0)
+			die(_("unable to read %s"),
+			    sha1_to_hex(data->entry->idx.sha1));
+		if (memcmp(buf, data->buf, len))
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
+			    sha1_to_hex(data->entry->idx.sha1));
+		size -= len;
+		buf += len;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_collison(struct object_entry *entry)
+{
+	struct compare_data data;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	if (entry->size <= big_file_threshold || entry->type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		return -1;
+
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.entry = entry;
+	data.st = open_istream(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size, NULL);
+	if (!data.st)
+		return -1;
+	if (size != entry->size || type != entry->type)
+		die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"),
+		    sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+	unpack_data(entry, compare_objects, &data);
+	close_istream(data.st);
+	free(data.buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void sha1_object(const void *data, struct object_entry *obj_entry,
+			unsigned long size, enum object_type type,
+			const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	hash_sha1_file(data, size, typename(type), sha1);
-	if (has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
+	void *new_data = NULL;
+	int collision_test_needed;
+
+	assert(data || obj_entry);
+
+	read_lock();
+	collision_test_needed = has_sha1_file(sha1);
+	read_unlock();
+
+	if (collision_test_needed && !data) {
+		read_lock();
+		if (!check_collison(obj_entry))
+			collision_test_needed = 0;
+		read_unlock();
+	}
+	if (collision_test_needed) {
 		void *has_data;
 		enum object_type has_type;
 		unsigned long has_size;
+		read_lock();
+		has_type = sha1_object_info(sha1, &has_size);
+		if (has_type != type || has_size != size)
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		has_data = read_sha1_file(sha1, &has_type, &has_size);
+		read_unlock();
+		if (!data)
+			data = new_data = get_data_from_pack(obj_entry);
 		if (!has_data)
-			die("cannot read existing object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			die(_("cannot read existing object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		if (size != has_size || type != has_type ||
 		    memcmp(data, has_data, size) != 0)
-			die("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			die(_("SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		free(has_data);
 	}
+
 	if (strict) {
+		read_lock();
 		if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 			struct blob *blob = lookup_blob(sha1);
 			if (blob)
 				blob->object.flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
 			else
-				die("invalid blob object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+				die(_("invalid blob object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		} else {
 			struct object *obj;
 			int eaten;
 			void *buf = (void *) data;
 
+			assert(data && "data can only be NULL for large _blobs_");
+
 			/*
 			 * we do not need to free the memory here, as the
 			 * buf is deleted by the caller.
 			 */
 			obj = parse_object_buffer(sha1, type, size, buf, &eaten);
 			if (!obj)
-				die("invalid %s", typename(type));
-			if (fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
-				die("Error in object");
+				die(_("invalid %s"), typename(type));
+			if (do_fsck_object &&
+			    fsck_object(obj, buf, size, 1,
+				    fsck_error_function))
+				die(_("Error in object"));
 			if (fsck_walk(obj, mark_link, NULL))
-				die("Not all child objects of %s are reachable", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+				die(_("Not all child objects of %s are reachable"), sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
 
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 				struct tree *item = (struct tree *) obj;
 				item->buffer = NULL;
+				obj->parsed = 0;
 			}
 			if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 				struct commit *commit = (struct commit *) obj;
-				commit->buffer = NULL;
+				if (detach_commit_buffer(commit, NULL) != data)
+					die("BUG: parse_object_buffer transmogrified our buffer");
 			}
 			obj->flags |= FLAG_CHECKED;
 		}
+		read_unlock();
 	}
-}
 
-static int is_delta_type(enum object_type type)
-{
-	return (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
+	free(new_data);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -552,7 +843,7 @@ static void *get_base_data(struct base_data *c)
 		if (!delta_nr) {
 			c->data = get_data_from_pack(obj);
 			c->size = obj->size;
-			base_cache_used += c->size;
+			get_thread_data()->base_cache_used += c->size;
 			prune_base_data(c);
 		}
 		for (; delta_nr > 0; delta_nr--) {
@@ -567,8 +858,8 @@ static void *get_base_data(struct base_data *c)
 				&c->size);
 			free(raw);
 			if (!c->data)
-				bad_object(obj->idx.offset, "failed to apply delta");
-			base_cache_used += c->size;
+				bad_object(obj->idx.offset, _("failed to apply delta"));
+			get_thread_data()->base_cache_used += c->size;
 			prune_base_data(c);
 		}
 		free(delta);
@@ -581,10 +872,13 @@ static void resolve_delta(struct object_entry *delta_obj,
 {
 	void *base_data, *delta_data;
 
-	delta_obj->real_type = base->obj->real_type;
-	delta_obj->delta_depth = base->obj->delta_depth + 1;
-	if (deepest_delta < delta_obj->delta_depth)
-		deepest_delta = delta_obj->delta_depth;
+	if (show_stat) {
+		delta_obj->delta_depth = base->obj->delta_depth + 1;
+		deepest_delta_lock();
+		if (deepest_delta < delta_obj->delta_depth)
+			deepest_delta = delta_obj->delta_depth;
+		deepest_delta_unlock();
+	}
 	delta_obj->base_object_no = base->obj - objects;
 	delta_data = get_data_from_pack(delta_obj);
 	base_data = get_base_data(base);
@@ -593,10 +887,34 @@ static void resolve_delta(struct object_entry *delta_obj,
 				   delta_data, delta_obj->size, &result->size);
 	free(delta_data);
 	if (!result->data)
-		bad_object(delta_obj->idx.offset, "failed to apply delta");
-	sha1_object(result->data, result->size, delta_obj->real_type,
+		bad_object(delta_obj->idx.offset, _("failed to apply delta"));
+	hash_sha1_file(result->data, result->size,
+		       typename(delta_obj->real_type), delta_obj->idx.sha1);
+	sha1_object(result->data, NULL, result->size, delta_obj->real_type,
 		    delta_obj->idx.sha1);
+	counter_lock();
 	nr_resolved_deltas++;
+	counter_unlock();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Standard boolean compare-and-swap: atomically check whether "*type" is
+ * "want"; if so, swap in "set" and return true. Otherwise, leave it untouched
+ * and return false.
+ */
+static int compare_and_swap_type(enum object_type *type,
+				 enum object_type want,
+				 enum object_type set)
+{
+	enum object_type old;
+
+	type_cas_lock();
+	old = *type;
+	if (old == want)
+		*type = set;
+	type_cas_unlock();
+
+	return old == want;
 }
 
 static struct base_data *find_unresolved_deltas_1(struct base_data *base,
@@ -626,7 +944,10 @@ static struct base_data *find_unresolved_deltas_1(struct base_data *base,
 		struct object_entry *child = objects + deltas[base->ref_first].obj_no;
 		struct base_data *result = alloc_base_data();
 
-		assert(child->real_type == OBJ_REF_DELTA);
+		if (!compare_and_swap_type(&child->real_type, OBJ_REF_DELTA,
+					   base->obj->real_type))
+			die("BUG: child->real_type != OBJ_REF_DELTA");
+
 		resolve_delta(child, base, result);
 		if (base->ref_first == base->ref_last && base->ofs_last == -1)
 			free_base_data(base);
@@ -640,6 +961,7 @@ static struct base_data *find_unresolved_deltas_1(struct base_data *base,
 		struct base_data *result = alloc_base_data();
 
 		assert(child->real_type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
+		child->real_type = base->obj->real_type;
 		resolve_delta(child, base, result);
 		if (base->ofs_first == base->ofs_last)
 			free_base_data(base);
@@ -682,33 +1004,70 @@ static int compare_delta_entry(const void *a, const void *b)
 				   objects[delta_b->obj_no].type);
 }
 
-/* Parse all objects and return the pack content SHA1 hash */
+static void resolve_base(struct object_entry *obj)
+{
+	struct base_data *base_obj = alloc_base_data();
+	base_obj->obj = obj;
+	base_obj->data = NULL;
+	find_unresolved_deltas(base_obj);
+}
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+static void *threaded_second_pass(void *data)
+{
+	set_thread_data(data);
+	for (;;) {
+		int i;
+		counter_lock();
+		display_progress(progress, nr_resolved_deltas);
+		counter_unlock();
+		work_lock();
+		while (nr_dispatched < nr_objects &&
+		       is_delta_type(objects[nr_dispatched].type))
+			nr_dispatched++;
+		if (nr_dispatched >= nr_objects) {
+			work_unlock();
+			break;
+		}
+		i = nr_dispatched++;
+		work_unlock();
+
+		resolve_base(&objects[i]);
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * First pass:
+ * - find locations of all objects;
+ * - calculate SHA1 of all non-delta objects;
+ * - remember base (SHA1 or offset) for all deltas.
+ */
 static void parse_pack_objects(unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, nr_delays = 0;
 	struct delta_entry *delta = deltas;
 	struct stat st;
 
-	/*
-	 * First pass:
-	 * - find locations of all objects;
-	 * - calculate SHA1 of all non-delta objects;
-	 * - remember base (SHA1 or offset) for all deltas.
-	 */
 	if (verbose)
 		progress = start_progress(
-				from_stdin ? "Receiving objects" : "Indexing objects",
+				from_stdin ? _("Receiving objects") : _("Indexing objects"),
 				nr_objects);
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
 		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
-		void *data = unpack_raw_entry(obj, &delta->base);
+		void *data = unpack_raw_entry(obj, &delta->base, obj->idx.sha1);
 		obj->real_type = obj->type;
 		if (is_delta_type(obj->type)) {
 			nr_deltas++;
 			delta->obj_no = i;
 			delta++;
+		} else if (!data) {
+			/* large blobs, check later */
+			obj->real_type = OBJ_BAD;
+			nr_delays++;
 		} else
-			sha1_object(data, obj->size, obj->type, obj->idx.sha1);
+			sha1_object(data, NULL, obj->size, obj->type, obj->idx.sha1);
 		free(data);
 		display_progress(progress, i+1);
 	}
@@ -719,15 +1078,39 @@ static void parse_pack_objects(unsigned char *sha1)
 	flush();
 	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &input_ctx);
 	if (hashcmp(fill(20), sha1))
-		die("pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)");
+		die(_("pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"));
 	use(20);
 
 	/* If input_fd is a file, we should have reached its end now. */
 	if (fstat(input_fd, &st))
-		die_errno("cannot fstat packfile");
+		die_errno(_("cannot fstat packfile"));
 	if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) &&
 			lseek(input_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR) - input_len != st.st_size)
-		die("pack has junk at the end");
+		die(_("pack has junk at the end"));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
+		if (obj->real_type != OBJ_BAD)
+			continue;
+		obj->real_type = obj->type;
+		sha1_object(NULL, obj, obj->size, obj->type, obj->idx.sha1);
+		nr_delays--;
+	}
+	if (nr_delays)
+		die(_("confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Second pass:
+ * - for all non-delta objects, look if it is used as a base for
+ *   deltas;
+ * - if used as a base, uncompress the object and apply all deltas,
+ *   recursively checking if the resulting object is used as a base
+ *   for some more deltas.
+ */
+static void resolve_deltas(void)
+{
+	int i;
 
 	if (!nr_deltas)
 		return;
@@ -736,36 +1119,91 @@ static void parse_pack_objects(unsigned char *sha1)
 	qsort(deltas, nr_deltas, sizeof(struct delta_entry),
 	      compare_delta_entry);
 
-	/*
-	 * Second pass:
-	 * - for all non-delta objects, look if it is used as a base for
-	 *   deltas;
-	 * - if used as a base, uncompress the object and apply all deltas,
-	 *   recursively checking if the resulting object is used as a base
-	 *   for some more deltas.
-	 */
 	if (verbose)
-		progress = start_progress("Resolving deltas", nr_deltas);
+		progress = start_progress(_("Resolving deltas"), nr_deltas);
+
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	nr_dispatched = 0;
+	if (nr_threads > 1 || getenv("GIT_FORCE_THREADS")) {
+		init_thread();
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_threads; i++) {
+			int ret = pthread_create(&thread_data[i].thread, NULL,
+						 threaded_second_pass, thread_data + i);
+			if (ret)
+				die(_("unable to create thread: %s"),
+				    strerror(ret));
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_threads; i++)
+			pthread_join(thread_data[i].thread, NULL);
+		cleanup_thread();
+		return;
+	}
+#endif
+
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
 		struct object_entry *obj = &objects[i];
-		struct base_data *base_obj = alloc_base_data();
 
 		if (is_delta_type(obj->type))
 			continue;
-		base_obj->obj = obj;
-		base_obj->data = NULL;
-		find_unresolved_deltas(base_obj);
+		resolve_base(obj);
 		display_progress(progress, nr_resolved_deltas);
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * Third pass:
+ * - append objects to convert thin pack to full pack if required
+ * - write the final 20-byte SHA-1
+ */
+static void fix_unresolved_deltas(struct sha1file *f, int nr_unresolved);
+static void conclude_pack(int fix_thin_pack, const char *curr_pack, unsigned char *pack_sha1)
+{
+	if (nr_deltas == nr_resolved_deltas) {
+		stop_progress(&progress);
+		/* Flush remaining pack final 20-byte SHA1. */
+		flush();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (fix_thin_pack) {
+		struct sha1file *f;
+		unsigned char read_sha1[20], tail_sha1[20];
+		struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int nr_unresolved = nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas;
+		int nr_objects_initial = nr_objects;
+		if (nr_unresolved <= 0)
+			die(_("confusion beyond insanity"));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(objects, nr_objects + nr_unresolved + 1);
+		memset(objects + nr_objects + 1, 0,
+		       nr_unresolved * sizeof(*objects));
+		f = sha1fd(output_fd, curr_pack);
+		fix_unresolved_deltas(f, nr_unresolved);
+		strbuf_addf(&msg, _("completed with %d local objects"),
+			    nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
+		stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&msg);
+		sha1close(f, tail_sha1, 0);
+		hashcpy(read_sha1, pack_sha1);
+		fixup_pack_header_footer(output_fd, pack_sha1,
+					 curr_pack, nr_objects,
+					 read_sha1, consumed_bytes-20);
+		if (hashcmp(read_sha1, tail_sha1) != 0)
+			die(_("Unexpected tail checksum for %s "
+			      "(disk corruption?)"), curr_pack);
+	}
+	if (nr_deltas != nr_resolved_deltas)
+		die(Q_("pack has %d unresolved delta",
+		       "pack has %d unresolved deltas",
+		       nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas),
+		    nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas);
+}
+
 static int write_compressed(struct sha1file *f, void *in, unsigned int size)
 {
 	git_zstream stream;
 	int status;
 	unsigned char outbuf[4096];
 
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_deflate_init(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
 	stream.next_in = in;
 	stream.avail_in = size;
@@ -778,7 +1216,7 @@ static int write_compressed(struct sha1file *f, void *in, unsigned int size)
 	} while (status == Z_OK);
 
 	if (status != Z_STREAM_END)
-		die("unable to deflate appended object (%d)", status);
+		die(_("unable to deflate appended object (%d)"), status);
 	size = stream.total_out;
 	git_deflate_end(&stream);
 	return size;
@@ -857,7 +1295,7 @@ static void fix_unresolved_deltas(struct sha1file *f, int nr_unresolved)
 
 		if (check_sha1_signature(d->base.sha1, base_obj->data,
 				base_obj->size, typename(type)))
-			die("local object %s is corrupt", sha1_to_hex(d->base.sha1));
+			die(_("local object %s is corrupt"), sha1_to_hex(d->base.sha1));
 		base_obj->obj = append_obj_to_pack(f, d->base.sha1,
 					base_obj->data, base_obj->size, type);
 		find_unresolved_deltas(base_obj);
@@ -881,7 +1319,7 @@ static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
 		fsync_or_die(output_fd, curr_pack_name);
 		err = close(output_fd);
 		if (err)
-			die_errno("error while closing pack file");
+			die_errno(_("error while closing pack file"));
 	}
 
 	if (keep_msg) {
@@ -894,16 +1332,16 @@ static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
 
 		if (keep_fd < 0) {
 			if (errno != EEXIST)
-				die_errno("cannot write keep file '%s'",
-					  keep_name);
+				die_errno(_("cannot write keep file '%s'"),
+					  keep_name ? keep_name : name);
 		} else {
 			if (keep_msg_len > 0) {
 				write_or_die(keep_fd, keep_msg, keep_msg_len);
 				write_or_die(keep_fd, "\n", 1);
 			}
 			if (close(keep_fd) != 0)
-				die_errno("cannot close written keep file '%s'",
-				    keep_name);
+				die_errno(_("cannot close written keep file '%s'"),
+					  keep_name ? keep_name : name);
 			report = "keep";
 		}
 	}
@@ -915,7 +1353,7 @@ static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
 			final_pack_name = name;
 		}
 		if (move_temp_to_file(curr_pack_name, final_pack_name))
-			die("cannot store pack file");
+			die(_("cannot store pack file"));
 	} else if (from_stdin)
 		chmod(final_pack_name, 0444);
 
@@ -926,7 +1364,7 @@ static void final(const char *final_pack_name, const char *curr_pack_name,
 			final_index_name = name;
 		}
 		if (move_temp_to_file(curr_index_name, final_index_name))
-			die("cannot store index file");
+			die(_("cannot store index file"));
 	} else
 		chmod(final_index_name, 0444);
 
@@ -959,7 +1397,19 @@ static int git_index_pack_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.indexversion")) {
 		opts->version = git_config_int(k, v);
 		if (opts->version > 2)
-			die("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32, opts->version);
+			die(_("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32), opts->version);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.threads")) {
+		nr_threads = git_config_int(k, v);
+		if (nr_threads < 0)
+			die(_("invalid number of threads specified (%d)"),
+			    nr_threads);
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+		if (nr_threads != 1)
+			warning(_("no threads support, ignoring %s"), k);
+		nr_threads = 1;
+#endif
 		return 0;
 	}
 	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
@@ -1015,9 +1465,9 @@ static void read_idx_option(struct pack_idx_option *opts, const char *pack_name)
 	struct packed_git *p = add_packed_git(pack_name, strlen(pack_name), 1);
 
 	if (!p)
-		die("Cannot open existing pack file '%s'", pack_name);
+		die(_("Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"), pack_name);
 	if (open_pack_index(p))
-		die("Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'", pack_name);
+		die(_("Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"), pack_name);
 
 	/* Read the attributes from the existing idx file */
 	opts->version = p->index_version;
@@ -1064,38 +1514,43 @@ static void show_pack_info(int stat_only)
 	}
 
 	if (baseobjects)
-		printf("non delta: %d object%s\n",
-		       baseobjects, baseobjects > 1 ? "s" : "");
+		printf_ln(Q_("non delta: %d object",
+			     "non delta: %d objects",
+			     baseobjects),
+			  baseobjects);
 	for (i = 0; i < deepest_delta; i++) {
 		if (!chain_histogram[i])
 			continue;
-		printf("chain length = %d: %lu object%s\n",
-		       i + 1,
-		       chain_histogram[i],
-		       chain_histogram[i] > 1 ? "s" : "");
+		printf_ln(Q_("chain length = %d: %lu object",
+			     "chain length = %d: %lu objects",
+			     chain_histogram[i]),
+			  i + 1,
+			  chain_histogram[i]);
 	}
 }
 
 int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0, verify = 0, stat_only = 0, stat = 0;
-	const char *curr_pack, *curr_index;
+	int i, fix_thin_pack = 0, verify = 0, stat_only = 0;
+	const char *curr_index;
 	const char *index_name = NULL, *pack_name = NULL;
 	const char *keep_name = NULL, *keep_msg = NULL;
-	char *index_name_buf = NULL, *keep_name_buf = NULL;
+	struct strbuf index_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT,
+		      keep_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct pack_idx_entry **idx_objects;
 	struct pack_idx_option opts;
 	unsigned char pack_sha1[20];
+	unsigned foreign_nr = 1;	/* zero is a "good" value, assume bad */
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 		usage(index_pack_usage);
 
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
 
 	reset_pack_idx_option(&opts);
 	git_config(git_index_pack_config, &opts);
 	if (prefix && chdir(prefix))
-		die("Cannot come back to cwd");
+		die(_("Cannot come back to cwd"));
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
@@ -1107,20 +1562,35 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				fix_thin_pack = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--strict")) {
 				strict = 1;
+				do_fsck_object = 1;
+			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--check-self-contained-and-connected")) {
+				strict = 1;
+				check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify")) {
 				verify = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat")) {
 				verify = 1;
-				stat = 1;
+				show_stat = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-stat-only")) {
 				verify = 1;
-				stat = 1;
+				show_stat = 1;
 				stat_only = 1;
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--keep")) {
 				keep_msg = "";
-			} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--keep=")) {
+			} else if (starts_with(arg, "--keep=")) {
 				keep_msg = arg + 7;
-			} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
+			} else if (starts_with(arg, "--threads=")) {
+				char *end;
+				nr_threads = strtoul(arg+10, &end, 0);
+				if (!arg[10] || *end || nr_threads < 0)
+					usage(index_pack_usage);
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+				if (nr_threads != 1)
+					warning(_("no threads support, "
+						  "ignoring %s"), arg);
+				nr_threads = 1;
+#endif
+			} else if (starts_with(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
 				struct pack_header *hdr;
 				char *c;
 
@@ -1128,10 +1598,10 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				hdr->hdr_signature = htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE);
 				hdr->hdr_version = htonl(strtoul(arg + 14, &c, 10));
 				if (*c != ',')
-					die("bad %s", arg);
+					die(_("bad %s"), arg);
 				hdr->hdr_entries = htonl(strtoul(c + 1, &c, 10));
 				if (*c)
-					die("bad %s", arg);
+					die(_("bad %s"), arg);
 				input_len = sizeof(*hdr);
 			} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-v")) {
 				verbose = 1;
@@ -1139,15 +1609,15 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				if (index_name || (i+1) >= argc)
 					usage(index_pack_usage);
 				index_name = argv[++i];
-			} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--index-version=")) {
+			} else if (starts_with(arg, "--index-version=")) {
 				char *c;
 				opts.version = strtoul(arg + 16, &c, 10);
 				if (opts.version > 2)
-					die("bad %s", arg);
+					die(_("bad %s"), arg);
 				if (*c == ',')
 					opts.off32_limit = strtoul(c+1, &c, 0);
 				if (*c || opts.off32_limit & 0x80000000)
-					die("bad %s", arg);
+					die(_("bad %s"), arg);
 			} else
 				usage(index_pack_usage);
 			continue;
@@ -1161,80 +1631,55 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!pack_name && !from_stdin)
 		usage(index_pack_usage);
 	if (fix_thin_pack && !from_stdin)
-		die("--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin");
+		die(_("--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"));
 	if (!index_name && pack_name) {
-		int len = strlen(pack_name);
-		if (!has_extension(pack_name, ".pack"))
-			die("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'",
+		size_t len;
+		if (!strip_suffix(pack_name, ".pack", &len))
+			die(_("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"),
 			    pack_name);
-		index_name_buf = xmalloc(len);
-		memcpy(index_name_buf, pack_name, len - 5);
-		strcpy(index_name_buf + len - 5, ".idx");
-		index_name = index_name_buf;
+		strbuf_add(&index_name_buf, pack_name, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(&index_name_buf, ".idx");
+		index_name = index_name_buf.buf;
 	}
 	if (keep_msg && !keep_name && pack_name) {
-		int len = strlen(pack_name);
-		if (!has_extension(pack_name, ".pack"))
-			die("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'",
+		size_t len;
+		if (!strip_suffix(pack_name, ".pack", &len))
+			die(_("packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"),
 			    pack_name);
-		keep_name_buf = xmalloc(len);
-		memcpy(keep_name_buf, pack_name, len - 5);
-		strcpy(keep_name_buf + len - 5, ".keep");
-		keep_name = keep_name_buf;
+		strbuf_add(&keep_name_buf, pack_name, len);
+		strbuf_addstr(&keep_name_buf, ".idx");
+		keep_name = keep_name_buf.buf;
 	}
 	if (verify) {
 		if (!index_name)
-			die("--verify with no packfile name given");
+			die(_("--verify with no packfile name given"));
 		read_idx_option(&opts, index_name);
 		opts.flags |= WRITE_IDX_VERIFY | WRITE_IDX_STRICT;
 	}
 	if (strict)
 		opts.flags |= WRITE_IDX_STRICT;
 
+#ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	if (!nr_threads) {
+		nr_threads = online_cpus();
+		/* An experiment showed that more threads does not mean faster */
+		if (nr_threads > 3)
+			nr_threads = 3;
+	}
+#endif
+
 	curr_pack = open_pack_file(pack_name);
 	parse_pack_header();
 	objects = xcalloc(nr_objects + 1, sizeof(struct object_entry));
 	deltas = xcalloc(nr_objects, sizeof(struct delta_entry));
 	parse_pack_objects(pack_sha1);
-	if (nr_deltas == nr_resolved_deltas) {
-		stop_progress(&progress);
-		/* Flush remaining pack final 20-byte SHA1. */
-		flush();
-	} else {
-		if (fix_thin_pack) {
-			struct sha1file *f;
-			unsigned char read_sha1[20], tail_sha1[20];
-			char msg[48];
-			int nr_unresolved = nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas;
-			int nr_objects_initial = nr_objects;
-			if (nr_unresolved <= 0)
-				die("confusion beyond insanity");
-			objects = xrealloc(objects,
-					   (nr_objects + nr_unresolved + 1)
-					   * sizeof(*objects));
-			f = sha1fd(output_fd, curr_pack);
-			fix_unresolved_deltas(f, nr_unresolved);
-			sprintf(msg, "completed with %d local objects",
-				nr_objects - nr_objects_initial);
-			stop_progress_msg(&progress, msg);
-			sha1close(f, tail_sha1, 0);
-			hashcpy(read_sha1, pack_sha1);
-			fixup_pack_header_footer(output_fd, pack_sha1,
-						 curr_pack, nr_objects,
-						 read_sha1, consumed_bytes-20);
-			if (hashcmp(read_sha1, tail_sha1) != 0)
-				die("Unexpected tail checksum for %s "
-				    "(disk corruption?)", curr_pack);
-		}
-		if (nr_deltas != nr_resolved_deltas)
-			die("pack has %d unresolved deltas",
-			    nr_deltas - nr_resolved_deltas);
-	}
+	resolve_deltas();
+	conclude_pack(fix_thin_pack, curr_pack, pack_sha1);
 	free(deltas);
 	if (strict)
-		check_objects();
+		foreign_nr = check_objects();
 
-	if (stat)
+	if (show_stat)
 		show_pack_info(stat_only);
 
 	idx_objects = xmalloc((nr_objects) * sizeof(struct pack_idx_entry *));
@@ -1251,12 +1696,18 @@ int cmd_index_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	else
 		close(input_fd);
 	free(objects);
-	free(index_name_buf);
-	free(keep_name_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&index_name_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&keep_name_buf);
 	if (pack_name == NULL)
 		free((void *) curr_pack);
 	if (index_name == NULL)
 		free((void *) curr_index);
 
+	/*
+	 * Let the caller know this pack is not self contained
+	 */
+	if (check_self_contained_and_connected && foreign_nr)
+		return 1;
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/init-db.c b/builtin/init-db.c
index 0dacb8b79c..6723d39c3b 100644
--- a/builtin/init-db.c
+++ b/builtin/init-db.c
@@ -119,15 +119,18 @@ static void copy_templates(const char *template_dir)
 	DIR *dir;
 	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
 	int len = strlen(git_dir);
+	char *to_free = NULL;
 
 	if (!template_dir)
 		template_dir = getenv(TEMPLATE_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 	if (!template_dir)
 		template_dir = init_db_template_dir;
 	if (!template_dir)
-		template_dir = system_path(DEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR);
-	if (!template_dir[0])
+		template_dir = to_free = system_path(DEFAULT_GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR);
+	if (!template_dir[0]) {
+		free(to_free);
 		return;
+	}
 	template_len = strlen(template_dir);
 	if (PATH_MAX <= (template_len+strlen("/config")))
 		die(_("insanely long template path %s"), template_dir);
@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@ static void copy_templates(const char *template_dir)
 	dir = opendir(template_path);
 	if (!dir) {
 		warning(_("templates not found %s"), template_dir);
-		return;
+		goto free_return;
 	}
 
 	/* Make sure that template is from the correct vintage */
@@ -155,8 +158,7 @@ static void copy_templates(const char *template_dir)
 			"a wrong format version %d from '%s'"),
 			repository_format_version,
 			template_dir);
-		closedir(dir);
-		return;
+		goto close_free_return;
 	}
 
 	memcpy(path, git_dir, len);
@@ -166,7 +168,10 @@ static void copy_templates(const char *template_dir)
 	copy_templates_1(path, len,
 			 template_path, template_len,
 			 dir);
+close_free_return:
 	closedir(dir);
+free_return:
+	free(to_free);
 }
 
 static int git_init_db_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
@@ -254,7 +259,10 @@ static int create_default_files(const char *template_path)
 		struct stat st2;
 		filemode = (!chmod(path, st1.st_mode ^ S_IXUSR) &&
 				!lstat(path, &st2) &&
-				st1.st_mode != st2.st_mode);
+				st1.st_mode != st2.st_mode &&
+				!chmod(path, st1.st_mode));
+		if (filemode && !reinit && (st1.st_mode & S_IXUSR))
+			filemode = 0;
 	}
 	git_config_set("core.filemode", filemode ? "true" : "false");
 
@@ -266,7 +274,7 @@ static int create_default_files(const char *template_path)
 		/* allow template config file to override the default */
 		if (log_all_ref_updates == -1)
 		    git_config_set("core.logallrefupdates", "true");
-		if (prefixcmp(git_dir, work_tree) ||
+		if (!starts_with(git_dir, work_tree) ||
 		    strcmp(git_dir + strlen(work_tree), "/.git")) {
 			git_config_set("core.worktree", work_tree);
 		}
@@ -290,6 +298,7 @@ static int create_default_files(const char *template_path)
 		strcpy(path + len, "CoNfIg");
 		if (!access(path, F_OK))
 			git_config_set("core.ignorecase", "true");
+		probe_utf8_pathname_composition(path, len);
 	}
 
 	return reinit;
@@ -329,12 +338,12 @@ int set_git_dir_init(const char *git_dir, const char *real_git_dir,
 		 * moving the target repo later on in separate_git_dir()
 		 */
 		git_link = xstrdup(real_path(git_dir));
+		set_git_dir(real_path(real_git_dir));
 	}
 	else {
-		real_git_dir = real_path(git_dir);
+		set_git_dir(real_path(git_dir));
 		git_link = NULL;
 	}
-	set_git_dir(real_path(real_git_dir));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -411,11 +420,9 @@ int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags)
 	if (!(flags & INIT_DB_QUIET)) {
 		int len = strlen(git_dir);
 
-		/*
-		 * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
-		 * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
-		 * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
-		 */
+		/* TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+		   existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+		   "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name. */
 		printf(_("%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"),
 		       reinit ? _("Reinitialized existing") : _("Initialized empty"),
 		       shared_repository ? _(" shared") : "",
@@ -427,8 +434,9 @@ int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags)
 
 static int guess_repository_type(const char *git_dir)
 {
-	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
 	const char *slash;
+	char *cwd;
+	int cwd_is_git_dir;
 
 	/*
 	 * "GIT_DIR=. git init" is always bare.
@@ -436,9 +444,10 @@ static int guess_repository_type(const char *git_dir)
 	 */
 	if (!strcmp(".", git_dir))
 		return 1;
-	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
-		die_errno(_("cannot tell cwd"));
-	if (!strcmp(git_dir, cwd))
+	cwd = xgetcwd();
+	cwd_is_git_dir = !strcmp(git_dir, cwd);
+	free(cwd);
+	if (cwd_is_git_dir)
 		return 1;
 	/*
 	 * "GIT_DIR=.git or GIT_DIR=something/.git is usually not.
@@ -463,7 +472,7 @@ static int shared_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 }
 
 static const char *const init_db_usage[] = {
-	"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]] [directory]",
+	N_("git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -481,17 +490,17 @@ int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *template_dir = NULL;
 	unsigned int flags = 0;
 	const struct option init_db_options[] = {
-		OPT_STRING(0, "template", &template_dir, "template-directory",
-				"directory from which templates will be used"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "template", &template_dir, N_("template-directory"),
+				N_("directory from which templates will be used")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "bare", &is_bare_repository_cfg,
-				"create a bare repository", 1),
+				N_("create a bare repository"), 1),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "shared", &init_shared_repository,
-			"permissions",
-			"specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users",
+			N_("permissions"),
+			N_("specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, shared_callback, 0},
-		OPT_BIT('q', "quiet", &flags, "be quiet", INIT_DB_QUIET),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, "gitdir",
-			   "separate git dir from working tree"),
+		OPT_BIT('q', "quiet", &flags, N_("be quiet"), INIT_DB_QUIET),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "separate-git-dir", &real_git_dir, N_("gitdir"),
+			   N_("separate git dir from working tree")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -514,13 +523,14 @@ int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				saved = shared_repository;
 				shared_repository = 0;
 				switch (safe_create_leading_directories_const(argv[0])) {
-				case -3:
+				case SCLD_OK:
+				case SCLD_PERMS:
+					break;
+				case SCLD_EXISTS:
 					errno = EEXIST;
 					/* fallthru */
-				case -1:
-					die_errno(_("cannot mkdir %s"), argv[0]);
-					break;
 				default:
+					die_errno(_("cannot mkdir %s"), argv[0]);
 					break;
 				}
 				shared_repository = saved;
@@ -535,10 +545,9 @@ int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage(init_db_usage[0]);
 	}
 	if (is_bare_repository_cfg == 1) {
-		static char git_dir[PATH_MAX+1];
-
-		setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
-			getcwd(git_dir, sizeof(git_dir)), argc > 0);
+		char *cwd = xgetcwd();
+		setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cwd, argc > 0);
+		free(cwd);
 	}
 
 	if (init_shared_repository != -1)
@@ -572,13 +581,10 @@ int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			git_work_tree_cfg = xstrdup(real_path(rel));
 			free(rel);
 		}
-		if (!git_work_tree_cfg) {
-			git_work_tree_cfg = xcalloc(PATH_MAX, 1);
-			if (!getcwd(git_work_tree_cfg, PATH_MAX))
-				die_errno (_("Cannot access current working directory"));
-		}
+		if (!git_work_tree_cfg)
+			git_work_tree_cfg = xgetcwd();
 		if (work_tree)
-			set_git_work_tree(real_path(work_tree));
+			set_git_work_tree(work_tree);
 		else
 			set_git_work_tree(git_work_tree_cfg);
 		if (access(get_git_work_tree(), X_OK))
@@ -587,7 +593,7 @@ int cmd_init_db(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	else {
 		if (work_tree)
-			set_git_work_tree(real_path(work_tree));
+			set_git_work_tree(work_tree);
 	}
 
 	set_git_dir_init(git_dir, real_git_dir, 1);
diff --git a/builtin/interpret-trailers.c b/builtin/interpret-trailers.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46838d24a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/interpret-trailers.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git interpret-trailers"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "trailer.h"
+
+static const char * const git_interpret_trailers_usage[] = {
+	N_("git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]"),
+	NULL
+};
+
+int cmd_interpret_trailers(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int trim_empty = 0;
+	struct string_list trailers = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "trim-empty", &trim_empty, N_("trim empty trailers")),
+		OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "trailer", &trailers, N_("trailer"),
+				N_("trailer(s) to add")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
+			     git_interpret_trailers_usage, 0);
+
+	if (argc) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+			process_trailers(argv[i], trim_empty, &trailers);
+	} else
+		process_trailers(NULL, trim_empty, &trailers);
+
+	string_list_clear(&trailers, 0);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/log.c b/builtin/log.c
index 7d1f6f88a0..dd8f3fcfc4 100644
--- a/builtin/log.c
+++ b/builtin/log.c
@@ -19,7 +19,12 @@
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 #include "branch.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 /* Set a default date-time format for git log ("log.date" config variable) */
 static const char *default_date_mode = NULL;
@@ -28,15 +33,22 @@ static int default_abbrev_commit;
 static int default_show_root = 1;
 static int decoration_style;
 static int decoration_given;
+static int use_mailmap_config;
 static const char *fmt_patch_subject_prefix = "PATCH";
 static const char *fmt_pretty;
 
 static const char * const builtin_log_usage[] = {
-	"git log [<options>] [<since>..<until>] [[--] <path>...]\n"
-	"   or: git show [options] <object>...",
+	N_("git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]"),
+	N_("git show [<options>] <object>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
+struct line_opt_callback_data {
+	struct rev_info *rev;
+	const char *prefix;
+	struct string_list args;
+};
+
 static int parse_decoration_style(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	switch (git_config_maybe_bool(var, value)) {
@@ -51,6 +63,8 @@ static int parse_decoration_style(const char *var, const char *value)
 		return DECORATE_FULL_REFS;
 	else if (!strcmp(value, "short"))
 		return DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "auto"))
+		return (isatty(1) || pager_in_use()) ? DECORATE_SHORT_REFS : 0;
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -64,19 +78,34 @@ static int decorate_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unse
 		decoration_style = DECORATE_SHORT_REFS;
 
 	if (decoration_style < 0)
-		die("invalid --decorate option: %s", arg);
+		die(_("invalid --decorate option: %s"), arg);
 
 	decoration_given = 1;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int log_line_range_callback(const struct option *option, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	struct line_opt_callback_data *data = option->value;
+
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	data->rev->line_level_traverse = 1;
+	string_list_append(&data->args, arg);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void cmd_log_init_defaults(struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	if (fmt_pretty)
 		get_commit_format(fmt_pretty, rev);
 	rev->verbose_header = 1;
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev->diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+	rev->diffopt.stat_width = -1; /* use full terminal width */
+	rev->diffopt.stat_graph_width = -1; /* respect statGraphWidth config */
 	rev->abbrev_commit = default_abbrev_commit;
 	rev->show_root_diff = default_show_root;
 	rev->subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
@@ -84,34 +113,44 @@ static void cmd_log_init_defaults(struct rev_info *rev)
 
 	if (default_date_mode)
 		rev->date_mode = parse_date_format(default_date_mode);
+	rev->diffopt.touched_flags = 0;
 }
 
 static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 			 struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
 	struct userformat_want w;
-	int quiet = 0, source = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, source = 0, mailmap = 0;
+	static struct line_opt_callback_data line_cb = {NULL, NULL, STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP};
 
 	const struct option builtin_log_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quiet", &quiet, "suppress diff output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "source", &source, "show source"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "decorate", NULL, NULL, "decorate options",
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress diff output")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "source", &source, N_("show source")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-mailmap", &mailmap, N_("Use mail map file")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "decorate", NULL, NULL, N_("decorate options"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, decorate_callback},
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, &line_cb, "n,m:file",
+			     N_("Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"),
+			     log_line_range_callback),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	line_cb.rev = rev;
+	line_cb.prefix = prefix;
+
+	mailmap = use_mailmap_config;
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix,
 			     builtin_log_options, builtin_log_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, opt);
 	if (quiet)
 		rev->diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, rev, opt);
 
 	/* Any arguments at this point are not recognized */
 	if (argc > 1)
-		die("unrecognized argument: %s", argv[1]);
+		die(_("unrecognized argument: %s"), argv[1]);
 
 	memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
 	userformat_find_requirements(NULL, &w);
@@ -121,17 +160,18 @@ static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	if (rev->show_notes)
 		init_display_notes(&rev->notes_opt);
 
-	if (rev->diffopt.pickaxe || rev->diffopt.filter)
+	if (rev->diffopt.pickaxe || rev->diffopt.filter ||
+	    DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES))
 		rev->always_show_header = 0;
-	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES)) {
-		rev->always_show_header = 0;
-		if (rev->diffopt.pathspec.nr != 1)
-			usage("git logs can only follow renames on one pathname at a time");
-	}
 
 	if (source)
 		rev->show_source = 1;
 
+	if (mailmap) {
+		rev->mailmap = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+		read_mailmap(rev->mailmap, NULL);
+	}
+
 	if (rev->pretty_given && rev->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_RAW) {
 		/*
 		 * "log --pretty=raw" is special; ignore UI oriented
@@ -147,6 +187,10 @@ static void cmd_log_init_finish(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 		rev->show_decorations = 1;
 		load_ref_decorations(decoration_style);
 	}
+
+	if (rev->line_level_traverse)
+		line_log_init(rev, line_cb.prefix, &line_cb.args);
+
 	setup_pager();
 }
 
@@ -192,7 +236,7 @@ static void log_show_early(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit_list *list)
 	int i = revs->early_output;
 	int show_header = 1;
 
-	sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&list, revs->sort_order);
 	while (list && i) {
 		struct commit *commit = list->item;
 		switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
@@ -303,8 +347,7 @@ static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
 			rev->max_count++;
 		if (!rev->reflog_info) {
 			/* we allow cycles in reflog ancestry */
-			free(commit->buffer);
-			commit->buffer = NULL;
+			free_commit_buffer(commit);
 		}
 		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
 		commit->parents = NULL;
@@ -325,6 +368,8 @@ static int cmd_log_walk(struct rev_info *rev)
 
 static int git_log_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	const char *slot_name;
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.pretty"))
 		return git_config_string(&fmt_pretty, var, value);
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.subjectprefix"))
@@ -345,9 +390,17 @@ static int git_log_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		default_show_root = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "color.decorate."))
-		return parse_decorate_color_config(var, 15, value);
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "color.decorate.", &slot_name))
+		return parse_decorate_color_config(var, slot_name, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "log.mailmap")) {
+		use_mailmap_config = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
+	if (grep_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (git_gpg_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
+		return -1;
 	return git_diff_ui_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
@@ -356,6 +409,7 @@ int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
@@ -363,6 +417,7 @@ int cmd_whatchanged(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	rev.simplify_history = 0;
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
 	opt.def = "HEAD";
+	opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
 	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
 	if (!rev.diffopt.output_format)
 		rev.diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
@@ -381,8 +436,32 @@ static void show_tagger(char *buf, int len, struct rev_info *rev)
 	strbuf_release(&out);
 }
 
-static int show_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int show_tag_object,
-	struct rev_info *rev)
+static int show_blob_object(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *rev, const char *obj_name)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1c[20];
+	struct object_context obj_context;
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TOUCHED(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) ||
+	    !DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV))
+		return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, 0, sha1c, &obj_context))
+		die(_("Not a valid object name %s"), obj_name);
+	if (!obj_context.path[0] ||
+	    !textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1c, 1, &buf, &size))
+		return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		die(_("git show %s: bad file"), obj_name);
+
+	write_or_die(1, buf, size);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_tag_object(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
@@ -392,16 +471,16 @@ static int show_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int show_tag_object,
 	if (!buf)
 		return error(_("Could not read object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
-	if (show_tag_object)
-		while (offset < size && buf[offset] != '\n') {
-			int new_offset = offset + 1;
-			while (new_offset < size && buf[new_offset++] != '\n')
-				; /* do nothing */
-			if (!prefixcmp(buf + offset, "tagger "))
-				show_tagger(buf + offset + 7,
-					    new_offset - offset - 7, rev);
-			offset = new_offset;
-		}
+	assert(type == OBJ_TAG);
+	while (offset < size && buf[offset] != '\n') {
+		int new_offset = offset + 1;
+		while (new_offset < size && buf[new_offset++] != '\n')
+			; /* do nothing */
+		if (starts_with(buf + offset, "tagger "))
+			show_tagger(buf + offset + 7,
+				    new_offset - offset - 7, rev);
+		offset = new_offset;
+	}
 
 	if (offset < size)
 		fwrite(buf + offset, size - offset, 1, stdout);
@@ -410,7 +489,7 @@ static int show_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int show_tag_object,
 }
 
 static int show_tree_object(const unsigned char *sha1,
-		const char *base, int baselen,
+		struct strbuf *base,
 		const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
 {
 	printf("%s%s\n", pathname, S_ISDIR(mode) ? "/" : "");
@@ -423,7 +502,7 @@ static void show_rev_tweak_rev(struct rev_info *rev, struct setup_revision_opt *
 		/* There was no "-m" on the command line */
 		rev->ignore_merges = 0;
 		if (!rev->first_parent_only && !rev->combine_merges) {
-			/* No "--first-parent", "-c", nor "--cc" */
+			/* No "--first-parent", "-c", or "--cc" */
 			rev->combine_merges = 1;
 			rev->dense_combined_merges = 1;
 		}
@@ -440,18 +519,24 @@ int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct pathspec match_all;
 	int i, count, ret = 0;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
-	init_pathspec(&match_all, NULL);
+	memset(&match_all, 0, sizeof(match_all));
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.diff = 1;
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
-	rev.no_walk = 1;
+	rev.no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
+	rev.diffopt.stat_width = -1; 	/* Scale to real terminal size */
+
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
 	opt.def = "HEAD";
 	opt.tweak = show_rev_tweak_rev;
 	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
 
+	if (!rev.no_walk)
+		return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
+
 	count = rev.pending.nr;
 	objects = rev.pending.objects;
 	for (i = 0; i < count && !ret; i++) {
@@ -459,7 +544,7 @@ int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		const char *name = objects[i].name;
 		switch (o->type) {
 		case OBJ_BLOB:
-			ret = show_object(o->sha1, 0, NULL);
+			ret = show_blob_object(o->sha1, &rev, name);
 			break;
 		case OBJ_TAG: {
 			struct tag *t = (struct tag *)o;
@@ -470,7 +555,7 @@ int cmd_show(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT),
 					t->tag,
 					diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
-			ret = show_object(o->sha1, 1, &rev);
+			ret = show_tag_object(o->sha1, &rev);
 			rev.shown_one = 1;
 			if (ret)
 				break;
@@ -515,6 +600,7 @@ int cmd_log_reflog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
@@ -537,12 +623,14 @@ int cmd_log(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_log_config, NULL);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.always_show_header = 1;
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
 	opt.def = "HEAD";
+	opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
 	cmd_log_init(argc, argv, prefix, &rev, &opt);
 	return cmd_log_walk(&rev);
 }
@@ -584,6 +672,15 @@ static void add_header(const char *value)
 static int thread;
 static int do_signoff;
 static const char *signature = git_version_string;
+static const char *signature_file;
+static int config_cover_letter;
+
+enum {
+	COVER_UNSET,
+	COVER_OFF,
+	COVER_ON,
+	COVER_AUTO
+};
 
 static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
@@ -608,7 +705,7 @@ static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.color") || !strcmp(var, "color.diff") ||
-	    !strcmp(var, "color.ui")) {
+	    !strcmp(var, "color.ui") || !strcmp(var, "diff.submodule")) {
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.numbered")) {
@@ -645,6 +742,16 @@ static int git_format_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "format.signature"))
 		return git_config_string(&signature, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.signaturefile"))
+		return git_config_pathname(&signature_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "format.coverletter")) {
+		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "auto")) {
+			config_cover_letter = COVER_AUTO;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		config_cover_letter = git_config_bool(var, value) ? COVER_ON : COVER_OFF;
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	return git_log_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -653,10 +760,11 @@ static FILE *realstdout = NULL;
 static const char *output_directory = NULL;
 static int outdir_offset;
 
-static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
+static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, const char *subject,
+			 struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
 {
 	struct strbuf filename = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int suffix_len = strlen(fmt_patch_suffix) + 1;
+	int suffix_len = strlen(rev->patch_suffix) + 1;
 
 	if (output_directory) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&filename, output_directory);
@@ -667,7 +775,12 @@ static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
 			strbuf_addch(&filename, '/');
 	}
 
-	get_patch_filename(commit, rev->nr, fmt_patch_suffix, &filename);
+	if (rev->numbered_files)
+		strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", rev->nr);
+	else if (commit)
+		fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, rev);
+	else
+		fmt_output_subject(&filename, subject, rev);
 
 	if (!quiet)
 		fprintf(realstdout, "%s\n", filename.buf + outdir_offset);
@@ -679,7 +792,7 @@ static int reopen_stdout(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *rev, int quiet)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const char *prefix)
+static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids)
 {
 	struct rev_info check_rev;
 	struct commit *commit;
@@ -700,7 +813,8 @@ static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const cha
 	init_patch_ids(ids);
 
 	/* given a range a..b get all patch ids for b..a */
-	init_revisions(&check_rev, prefix);
+	init_revisions(&check_rev, rev->prefix);
+	check_rev.max_parents = 1;
 	o1->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
 	o2->flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
 	add_pending_object(&check_rev, o1, "o1");
@@ -709,10 +823,6 @@ static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const cha
 		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&check_rev)) != NULL) {
-		/* ignore merges */
-		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
-			continue;
-
 		add_commit_patch_id(commit, ids);
 	}
 
@@ -727,22 +837,22 @@ static void get_patch_ids(struct rev_info *rev, struct patch_ids *ids, const cha
 
 static void gen_message_id(struct rev_info *info, char *base)
 {
-	const char *committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_WARN_ON_NO_NAME);
-	const char *email_start = strrchr(committer, '<');
-	const char *email_end = strrchr(committer, '>');
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	if (!email_start || !email_end || email_start > email_end - 1)
-		die(_("Could not extract email from committer identity."));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.%lu.git.%.*s", base,
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.%lu.git.%s", base,
 		    (unsigned long) time(NULL),
-		    (int)(email_end - email_start - 1), email_start + 1);
+		    git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_NAME|IDENT_NO_DATE|IDENT_STRICT));
 	info->message_id = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
 static void print_signature(void)
 {
-	if (signature && *signature)
-		printf("-- \n%s\n\n", signature);
+	if (!signature || !*signature)
+		return;
+
+	printf("-- \n%s", signature);
+	if (signature[strlen(signature)-1] != '\n')
+		putchar('\n');
+	putchar('\n');
 }
 
 static void add_branch_description(struct strbuf *buf, const char *branch_name)
@@ -753,15 +863,43 @@ static void add_branch_description(struct strbuf *buf, const char *branch_name)
 	read_branch_desc(&desc, branch_name);
 	if (desc.len) {
 		strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
-		strbuf_add(buf, desc.buf, desc.len);
+		strbuf_addbuf(buf, &desc);
 		strbuf_addch(buf, '\n');
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&desc);
+}
+
+static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	int i, positive = -1;
+	unsigned char branch_sha1[20];
+	const unsigned char *tip_sha1;
+	const char *ref, *v;
+	char *full_ref, *branch = NULL;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
+		if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		if (positive < 0)
+			positive = i;
+		else
+			return NULL;
+	}
+	if (positive < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	ref = rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name;
+	tip_sha1 = rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->sha1;
+	if (dwim_ref(ref, strlen(ref), branch_sha1, &full_ref) &&
+	    skip_prefix(full_ref, "refs/heads/", &v) &&
+	    !hashcmp(tip_sha1, branch_sha1))
+		branch = xstrdup(v);
+	free(full_ref);
+	return branch;
 }
 
 static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
-			      int numbered, int numbered_files,
 			      struct commit *origin,
-			      int nr, struct commit **list, struct commit *head,
+			      int nr, struct commit **list,
 			      const char *branch_name,
 			      int quiet)
 {
@@ -774,45 +912,30 @@ static void make_cover_letter(struct rev_info *rev, int use_stdout,
 	const char *encoding = "UTF-8";
 	struct diff_options opts;
 	int need_8bit_cte = 0;
-	struct commit *commit = NULL;
 	struct pretty_print_context pp = {0};
+	struct commit *head = list[0];
 
 	if (rev->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		die(_("Cover letter needs email format"));
 
 	committer = git_committer_info(0);
 
-	if (!numbered_files) {
-		/*
-		 * We fake a commit for the cover letter so we get the filename
-		 * desired.
-		 */
-		commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*commit));
-		commit->buffer = xmalloc(400);
-		snprintf(commit->buffer, 400,
-			"tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n"
-			"parent %s\n"
-			"author %s\n"
-			"committer %s\n\n"
-			"cover letter\n",
-			sha1_to_hex(head->object.sha1), committer, committer);
-	}
-
-	if (!use_stdout && reopen_stdout(commit, rev, quiet))
+	if (!use_stdout &&
+	    reopen_stdout(NULL, rev->numbered_files ? NULL : "cover-letter", rev, quiet))
 		return;
 
-	if (commit) {
-
-		free(commit->buffer);
-		free(commit);
-	}
-
 	log_write_email_headers(rev, head, &pp.subject, &pp.after_subject,
 				&need_8bit_cte);
 
-	for (i = 0; !need_8bit_cte && i < nr; i++)
-		if (has_non_ascii(list[i]->buffer))
+	for (i = 0; !need_8bit_cte && i < nr; i++) {
+		const char *buf = get_commit_buffer(list[i], NULL);
+		if (has_non_ascii(buf))
 			need_8bit_cte = 1;
+		unuse_commit_buffer(list[i], buf);
+	}
+
+	if (!branch_name)
+		branch_name = find_branch_name(rev);
 
 	msg = body;
 	pp.fmt = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
@@ -900,7 +1023,7 @@ static const char *set_outdir(const char *prefix, const char *output_directory)
 }
 
 static const char * const builtin_format_patch_usage[] = {
-	"git format-patch [options] [<since> | <revision range>]",
+	N_("git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -1020,33 +1143,19 @@ static int cc_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static char *find_branch_name(struct rev_info *rev)
+static int from_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	int i, positive = -1;
-	unsigned char branch_sha1[20];
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *branch;
+	char **from = opt->value;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < rev->cmdline.nr; i++) {
-		if (rev->cmdline.rev[i].flags & UNINTERESTING)
-			continue;
-		if (positive < 0)
-			positive = i;
-		else
-			return NULL;
-	}
-	if (positive < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/heads/%s", rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name);
-	branch = resolve_ref_unsafe(buf.buf, branch_sha1, 1, NULL);
-	if (!branch ||
-	    prefixcmp(branch, "refs/heads/") ||
-	    hashcmp(rev->cmdline.rev[positive].item->sha1, branch_sha1))
-		branch = NULL;
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (branch)
-		return xstrdup(rev->cmdline.rev[positive].name);
-	return NULL;
+	free(*from);
+
+	if (unset)
+		*from = NULL;
+	else if (arg)
+		*from = xstrdup(arg);
+	else
+		*from = xstrdup(git_committer_info(IDENT_NO_DATE));
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -1058,82 +1167,90 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int nr = 0, total, i;
 	int use_stdout = 0;
 	int start_number = -1;
-	int numbered_files = 0;		/* _just_ numbers */
+	int just_numbers = 0;
 	int ignore_if_in_upstream = 0;
-	int cover_letter = 0;
+	int cover_letter = -1;
 	int boundary_count = 0;
 	int no_binary_diff = 0;
-	struct commit *origin = NULL, *head = NULL;
+	struct commit *origin = NULL;
 	const char *in_reply_to = NULL;
 	struct patch_ids ids;
-	char *add_signoff = NULL;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int use_patch_format = 0;
 	int quiet = 0;
+	int reroll_count = -1;
 	char *branch_name = NULL;
+	char *from = NULL;
 	const struct option builtin_format_patch_options[] = {
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', "numbered", &numbered, NULL,
-			    "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch",
+			    N_("use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, numbered_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'N', "no-numbered", &numbered, NULL,
-			    "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches",
+			    N_("use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG, no_numbered_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
-			    "print patches to standard out"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
-			    "generate a cover letter"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "numbered-files", &numbered_files,
-			    "use simple number sequence for output file names"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, "sfx",
-			    "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &do_signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdout", &use_stdout,
+			    N_("print patches to standard out")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "cover-letter", &cover_letter,
+			    N_("generate a cover letter")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "numbered-files", &just_numbers,
+			    N_("use simple number sequence for output file names")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "suffix", &fmt_patch_suffix, N_("sfx"),
+			    N_("use <sfx> instead of '.patch'")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "start-number", &start_number,
-			    "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "subject-prefix", &rev, "prefix",
-			    "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]",
+			    N_("start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1")),
+		OPT_INTEGER('v', "reroll-count", &reroll_count,
+			    N_("mark the series as Nth re-roll")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "subject-prefix", &rev, N_("prefix"),
+			    N_("Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, subject_prefix_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'o', "output-directory", &output_directory,
-			    "dir", "store resulting files in <dir>",
+			    N_("dir"), N_("store resulting files in <dir>"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NONEG, output_directory_callback },
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'k', "keep-subject", &rev, NULL,
-			    "don't strip/add [PATCH]",
+			    N_("don't strip/add [PATCH]"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, keep_callback },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
-			    "don't output binary diffs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
-			    "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
-		  "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)",
-		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG },
-		OPT_GROUP("Messaging"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "add-header", NULL, "header",
-			    "add email header", 0, header_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "to", NULL, "email", "add To: header",
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-binary", &no_binary_diff,
+			 N_("don't output binary diffs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "ignore-if-in-upstream", &ignore_if_in_upstream,
+			 N_("don't include a patch matching a commit upstream")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 'p', "no-stat", &use_patch_format, NULL,
+		  N_("show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, 1},
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Messaging")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "add-header", NULL, N_("header"),
+			    N_("add email header"), 0, header_callback },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "to", NULL, N_("email"), N_("add To: header"),
 			    0, to_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "cc", NULL, "email", "add Cc: header",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "cc", NULL, N_("email"), N_("add Cc: header"),
 			    0, cc_callback },
-		OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, "message-id",
-			    "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "attach", &rev, "boundary",
-			    "attach the patch", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "from", &from, N_("ident"),
+			    N_("set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"),
+			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, from_callback },
+		OPT_STRING(0, "in-reply-to", &in_reply_to, N_("message-id"),
+			    N_("make first mail a reply to <message-id>")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "attach", &rev, N_("boundary"),
+			    N_("attach the patch"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG,
 			    attach_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "inline", &rev, "boundary",
-			    "inline the patch",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "inline", &rev, N_("boundary"),
+			    N_("inline the patch"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			    inline_callback },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "thread", &thread, "style",
-			    "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "thread", &thread, N_("style"),
+			    N_("enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, thread_callback },
-		OPT_STRING(0, "signature", &signature, "signature",
-			    "add a signature"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quiet", &quiet,
-			    "don't print the patch filenames"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "signature", &signature, N_("signature"),
+			    N_("add a signature")),
+		OPT_FILENAME(0, "signature-file", &signature_file,
+				N_("add a signature from a file")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("don't print the patch filenames")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	extra_hdr.strdup_strings = 1;
 	extra_to.strdup_strings = 1;
 	extra_cc.strdup_strings = 1;
+	init_grep_defaults();
 	git_config(git_format_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&rev, prefix);
 	rev.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_EMAIL;
@@ -1144,6 +1261,7 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	rev.subject_prefix = fmt_patch_subject_prefix;
 	memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
 	s_r_opt.def = "HEAD";
+	s_r_opt.revarg_opt = REVARG_COMMITTISH;
 
 	if (default_attach) {
 		rev.mime_boundary = default_attach;
@@ -1160,14 +1278,12 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 | PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN |
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
 
-	if (do_signoff) {
-		const char *committer;
-		const char *endpos;
-		committer = git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
-		endpos = strchr(committer, '>');
-		if (!endpos)
-			die(_("bogus committer info %s"), committer);
-		add_signoff = xmemdupz(committer, endpos - committer + 1);
+	if (0 < reroll_count) {
+		struct strbuf sprefix = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&sprefix, "%s v%d",
+			    rev.subject_prefix, reroll_count);
+		rev.reroll_count = reroll_count;
+		rev.subject_prefix = strbuf_detach(&sprefix, NULL);
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < extra_hdr.nr; i++) {
@@ -1199,6 +1315,11 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	rev.extra_headers = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
+	if (from) {
+		if (split_ident_line(&rev.from_ident, from, strlen(from)))
+			die(_("invalid ident line: %s"), from);
+	}
+
 	if (start_number < 0)
 		start_number = 1;
 
@@ -1255,28 +1376,37 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (rev.pending.nr == 1) {
+		int check_head = 0;
+
 		if (rev.max_count < 0 && !rev.show_root_diff) {
 			/*
 			 * This is traditional behaviour of "git format-patch
 			 * origin" that prepares what the origin side still
 			 * does not have.
 			 */
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			const char *ref;
-
 			rev.pending.objects[0].item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 			add_head_to_pending(&rev);
-			ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
-			if (ref && !prefixcmp(ref, "refs/heads/"))
-				branch_name = xstrdup(ref + strlen("refs/heads/"));
-			else
-				branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
+			check_head = 1;
 		}
 		/*
 		 * Otherwise, it is "format-patch -22 HEAD", and/or
 		 * "format-patch --root HEAD".  The user wants
 		 * get_revision() to do the usual traversal.
 		 */
+
+		if (!strcmp(rev.pending.objects[0].name, "HEAD"))
+			check_head = 1;
+
+		if (check_head) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			const char *ref, *v;
+			ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						 sha1, NULL);
+			if (ref && skip_prefix(ref, "refs/heads/", &v))
+				branch_name = xstrdup(v);
+			else
+				branch_name = xstrdup(""); /* no branch */
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1285,29 +1415,6 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 */
 	rev.show_root_diff = 1;
 
-	if (cover_letter) {
-		/*
-		 * NEEDSWORK:randomly pick one positive commit to show
-		 * diffstat; this is often the tip and the command
-		 * happens to do the right thing in most cases, but a
-		 * complex command like "--cover-letter a b c ^bottom"
-		 * picks "c" and shows diffstat between bottom..c
-		 * which may not match what the series represents at
-		 * all and totally broken.
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < rev.pending.nr; i++) {
-			struct object *o = rev.pending.objects[i].item;
-			if (!(o->flags & UNINTERESTING))
-				head = (struct commit *)o;
-		}
-		/* There is nothing to show; it is not an error, though. */
-		if (!head)
-			return 0;
-		if (!branch_name)
-			branch_name = find_branch_name(&rev);
-	}
-
 	if (ignore_if_in_upstream) {
 		/* Don't say anything if head and upstream are the same. */
 		if (rev.pending.nr == 2) {
@@ -1315,7 +1422,7 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			if (hashcmp(o[0].item->sha1, o[1].item->sha1) == 0)
 				return 0;
 		}
-		get_patch_ids(&rev, &ids, prefix);
+		get_patch_ids(&rev, &ids);
 	}
 
 	if (!use_stdout)
@@ -1336,31 +1443,53 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			continue;
 
 		nr++;
-		list = xrealloc(list, nr * sizeof(list[0]));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(list, nr);
 		list[nr - 1] = commit;
 	}
+	if (nr == 0)
+		/* nothing to do */
+		return 0;
 	total = nr;
 	if (!keep_subject && auto_number && total > 1)
 		numbered = 1;
 	if (numbered)
 		rev.total = total + start_number - 1;
+	if (cover_letter == -1) {
+		if (config_cover_letter == COVER_AUTO)
+			cover_letter = (total > 1);
+		else
+			cover_letter = (config_cover_letter == COVER_ON);
+	}
+
+	if (!signature) {
+		; /* --no-signature inhibits all signatures */
+	} else if (signature && signature != git_version_string) {
+		; /* non-default signature already set */
+	} else if (signature_file) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, signature_file, 128) < 0)
+			die_errno(_("unable to read signature file '%s'"), signature_file);
+		signature = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	}
+
 	if (in_reply_to || thread || cover_letter)
 		rev.ref_message_ids = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
 	if (in_reply_to) {
 		const char *msgid = clean_message_id(in_reply_to);
 		string_list_append(rev.ref_message_ids, msgid);
 	}
-	rev.numbered_files = numbered_files;
+	rev.numbered_files = just_numbers;
 	rev.patch_suffix = fmt_patch_suffix;
 	if (cover_letter) {
 		if (thread)
 			gen_message_id(&rev, "cover");
-		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout, numbered, numbered_files,
-				  origin, nr, list, head, branch_name, quiet);
+		make_cover_letter(&rev, use_stdout,
+				  origin, nr, list, branch_name, quiet);
 		total++;
 		start_number--;
 	}
-	rev.add_signoff = add_signoff;
+	rev.add_signoff = do_signoff;
 	while (0 <= --nr) {
 		int shown;
 		commit = list[nr];
@@ -1401,12 +1530,11 @@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			gen_message_id(&rev, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 		}
 
-		if (!use_stdout && reopen_stdout(numbered_files ? NULL : commit,
-						 &rev, quiet))
+		if (!use_stdout &&
+		    reopen_stdout(rev.numbered_files ? NULL : commit, NULL, &rev, quiet))
 			die(_("Failed to create output files"));
 		shown = log_tree_commit(&rev, commit);
-		free(commit->buffer);
-		commit->buffer = NULL;
+		free_commit_buffer(commit);
 
 		/* We put one extra blank line between formatted
 		 * patches and this flag is used by log-tree code
@@ -1452,7 +1580,7 @@ static int add_pending_commit(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs, int flags)
 }
 
 static const char * const cherry_usage[] = {
-	"git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]",
+	N_("git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -1486,7 +1614,7 @@ int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -1517,10 +1645,7 @@ int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
-	revs.diff = 1;
-	revs.combine_merges = 0;
-	revs.ignore_merges = 1;
-	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs.diffopt, RECURSIVE);
+	revs.max_parents = 1;
 
 	if (add_pending_commit(head, &revs, 0))
 		die(_("Unknown commit %s"), head);
@@ -1534,7 +1659,7 @@ int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			return 0;
 	}
 
-	get_patch_ids(&revs, &ids, prefix);
+	get_patch_ids(&revs, &ids);
 
 	if (limit && add_pending_commit(limit, &revs, UNINTERESTING))
 		die(_("Unknown commit %s"), limit);
@@ -1543,10 +1668,6 @@ int cmd_cherry(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
-		/* ignore merges */
-		if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next)
-			continue;
-
 		commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-files.c b/builtin/ls-files.c
index 7cff175745..6fa2205734 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-files.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-files.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int abbrev;
 static int show_deleted;
@@ -30,11 +31,12 @@ static int debug_mode;
 static const char *prefix;
 static int max_prefix_len;
 static int prefix_len;
-static const char **pathspec;
+static struct pathspec pathspec;
 static int error_unmatch;
 static char *ps_matched;
 static const char *with_tree;
 static int exc_given;
+static int exclude_args;
 
 static const char *tag_cached = "";
 static const char *tag_unmerged = "";
@@ -45,10 +47,14 @@ static const char *tag_modified = "";
 static const char *tag_skip_worktree = "";
 static const char *tag_resolve_undo = "";
 
-static void write_name(const char* name, size_t len)
+static void write_name(const char *name)
 {
-	write_name_quoted_relative(name, len, prefix, prefix_len, stdout,
-			line_terminator);
+	/*
+	 * With "--full-name", prefix_len=0; this caller needs to pass
+	 * an empty string in that case (a NULL is good for "").
+	 */
+	write_name_quoted_relative(name, prefix_len ? prefix : NULL,
+				   stdout, line_terminator);
 }
 
 static void show_dir_entry(const char *tag, struct dir_entry *ent)
@@ -58,11 +64,11 @@ static void show_dir_entry(const char *tag, struct dir_entry *ent)
 	if (len >= ent->len)
 		die("git ls-files: internal error - directory entry not superset of prefix");
 
-	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, len, ps_matched))
+	if (!dir_path_match(ent, &pathspec, len, ps_matched))
 		return;
 
 	fputs(tag, stdout);
-	write_name(ent->name, ent->len);
+	write_name(ent->name);
 }
 
 static void show_other_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
@@ -126,14 +132,16 @@ static void show_killed_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 	}
 }
 
-static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	int len = max_prefix_len;
 
 	if (len >= ce_namelen(ce))
 		die("git ls-files: internal error - cache entry not superset of prefix");
 
-	if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), len, ps_matched))
+	if (!match_pathspec(&pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+			    len, ps_matched,
+			    S_ISDIR(ce->ce_mode) || S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)))
 		return;
 
 	if (tag && *tag && show_valid_bit &&
@@ -162,13 +170,15 @@ static void show_ce_entry(const char *tag, struct cache_entry *ce)
 		       find_unique_abbrev(ce->sha1,abbrev),
 		       ce_stage(ce));
 	}
-	write_name(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
+	write_name(ce->name);
 	if (debug_mode) {
-		printf("  ctime: %d:%d\n", ce->ce_ctime.sec, ce->ce_ctime.nsec);
-		printf("  mtime: %d:%d\n", ce->ce_mtime.sec, ce->ce_mtime.nsec);
-		printf("  dev: %d\tino: %d\n", ce->ce_dev, ce->ce_ino);
-		printf("  uid: %d\tgid: %d\n", ce->ce_uid, ce->ce_gid);
-		printf("  size: %d\tflags: %x\n", ce->ce_size, ce->ce_flags);
+		const struct stat_data *sd = &ce->ce_stat_data;
+
+		printf("  ctime: %d:%d\n", sd->sd_ctime.sec, sd->sd_ctime.nsec);
+		printf("  mtime: %d:%d\n", sd->sd_mtime.sec, sd->sd_mtime.nsec);
+		printf("  dev: %d\tino: %d\n", sd->sd_dev, sd->sd_ino);
+		printf("  uid: %d\tgid: %d\n", sd->sd_uid, sd->sd_gid);
+		printf("  size: %d\tflags: %x\n", sd->sd_size, ce->ce_flags);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -187,7 +197,8 @@ static void show_ru_info(void)
 		len = strlen(path);
 		if (len < max_prefix_len)
 			continue; /* outside of the prefix */
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, path, len, max_prefix_len, ps_matched))
+		if (!match_pathspec(&pathspec, path, len,
+				    max_prefix_len, ps_matched, 0))
 			continue; /* uninterested */
 		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 			if (!ui->mode[i])
@@ -195,29 +206,36 @@ static void show_ru_info(void)
 			printf("%s%06o %s %d\t", tag_resolve_undo, ui->mode[i],
 			       find_unique_abbrev(ui->sha1[i], abbrev),
 			       i + 1);
-			write_name(path, len);
+			write_name(path);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+static int ce_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
+	return is_excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype);
+}
+
 static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	/* For cached/deleted files we don't need to even do the readdir */
 	if (show_others || show_killed) {
-		fill_directory(dir, pathspec);
+		if (!show_others)
+			dir->flags |= DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY;
+		fill_directory(dir, &pathspec);
 		if (show_others)
 			show_other_files(dir);
 		if (show_killed)
 			show_killed_files(dir);
 	}
-	if (show_cached | show_stage) {
+	if (show_cached || show_stage) {
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-			int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED &&
-			    !excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype))
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
+			    !ce_excluded(dir, ce))
 				continue;
 			if (show_unmerged && !ce_stage(ce))
 				continue;
@@ -227,14 +245,13 @@ static void show_files(struct dir_struct *dir)
 				(ce_skip_worktree(ce) ? tag_skip_worktree : tag_cached), ce);
 		}
 	}
-	if (show_deleted | show_modified) {
+	if (show_deleted || show_modified) {
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			struct stat st;
 			int err;
-			int dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED &&
-			    !excluded(dir, ce->name, &dtype))
+			if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) &&
+			    !ce_excluded(dir, ce))
 				continue;
 			if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE)
 				continue;
@@ -266,7 +283,7 @@ static void prune_cache(const char *prefix)
 	last = active_nr;
 	while (last > first) {
 		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[next];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[next];
 		if (!strncmp(ce->name, prefix, max_prefix_len)) {
 			first = next+1;
 			continue;
@@ -276,21 +293,6 @@ static void prune_cache(const char *prefix)
 	active_nr = last;
 }
 
-static void strip_trailing_slash_from_submodules(void)
-{
-	const char **p;
-
-	for (p = pathspec; *p != NULL; p++) {
-		int len = strlen(*p), pos;
-
-		if (len < 1 || (*p)[len - 1] != '/')
-			continue;
-		pos = cache_name_pos(*p, len - 1);
-		if (pos >= 0 && S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[pos]->ce_mode))
-			*p = xstrndup(*p, len - 1);
-	}
-}
-
 /*
  * Read the tree specified with --with-tree option
  * (typically, HEAD) into stage #1 and then
@@ -322,13 +324,12 @@ void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	if (prefix) {
-		static const char *(matchbuf[2]);
-		matchbuf[0] = prefix;
-		matchbuf[1] = NULL;
-		init_pathspec(&pathspec, matchbuf);
-		pathspec.items[0].use_wildcard = 0;
+		static const char *(matchbuf[1]);
+		matchbuf[0] = NULL;
+		parse_pathspec(&pathspec, PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC,
+			       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD, prefix, matchbuf);
 	} else
-		init_pathspec(&pathspec, NULL);
+		memset(&pathspec, 0, sizeof(pathspec));
 	if (read_tree(tree, 1, &pathspec))
 		die("unable to read tree entries %s", tree_name);
 
@@ -353,48 +354,8 @@ void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix)
 	}
 }
 
-int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, const char *prefix)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Make sure all pathspec matched; otherwise it is an error.
-	 */
-	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *name;
-	int num, errors = 0;
-	for (num = 0; pathspec[num]; num++) {
-		int other, found_dup;
-
-		if (ps_matched[num])
-			continue;
-		/*
-		 * The caller might have fed identical pathspec
-		 * twice.  Do not barf on such a mistake.
-		 */
-		for (found_dup = other = 0;
-		     !found_dup && pathspec[other];
-		     other++) {
-			if (other == num || !ps_matched[other])
-				continue;
-			if (!strcmp(pathspec[other], pathspec[num]))
-				/*
-				 * Ok, we have a match already.
-				 */
-				found_dup = 1;
-		}
-		if (found_dup)
-			continue;
-
-		name = quote_path_relative(pathspec[num], -1, &sb, prefix);
-		error("pathspec '%s' did not match any file(s) known to git.",
-		      name);
-		errors++;
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&sb);
-	return errors;
-}
-
 static const char * const ls_files_usage[] = {
-	"git ls-files [options] [<file>...]",
+	N_("git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -409,10 +370,10 @@ static int option_parse_z(const struct option *opt,
 static int option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct exclude_list *list = opt->value;
+	struct string_list *exclude_list = opt->value;
 
 	exc_given = 1;
-	add_exclude(arg, "", 0, list);
+	string_list_append(exclude_list, arg);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -441,62 +402,64 @@ static int option_parse_exclude_standard(const struct option *opt,
 
 int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 {
-	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0;
+	int require_work_tree = 0, show_tag = 0, i;
 	const char *max_prefix;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct string_list exclude_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 	struct option builtin_ls_files_options[] = {
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'z', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-			"paths are separated with NUL character",
+			N_("paths are separated with NUL character"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_z },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('t', NULL, &show_tag,
-			"identify the file status with tags"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', NULL, &show_valid_bit,
-			"use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('c', "cached", &show_cached,
-			"show cached files in the output (default)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "deleted", &show_deleted,
-			"show deleted files in the output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('m', "modified", &show_modified,
-			"show modified files in the output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('o', "others", &show_others,
-			"show other files in the output"),
+		OPT_BOOL('t', NULL, &show_tag,
+			N_("identify the file status with tags")),
+		OPT_BOOL('v', NULL, &show_valid_bit,
+			N_("use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files")),
+		OPT_BOOL('c', "cached", &show_cached,
+			N_("show cached files in the output (default)")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "deleted", &show_deleted,
+			N_("show deleted files in the output")),
+		OPT_BOOL('m', "modified", &show_modified,
+			N_("show modified files in the output")),
+		OPT_BOOL('o', "others", &show_others,
+			N_("show other files in the output")),
 		OPT_BIT('i', "ignored", &dir.flags,
-			"show ignored files in the output",
+			N_("show ignored files in the output"),
 			DIR_SHOW_IGNORED),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "stage", &show_stage,
-			"show staged contents' object name in the output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', "killed", &show_killed,
-			"show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "stage", &show_stage,
+			N_("show staged contents' object name in the output")),
+		OPT_BOOL('k', "killed", &show_killed,
+			N_("show files on the filesystem that need to be removed")),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "directory", &dir.flags,
-			"show 'other' directories' name only",
+			N_("show 'other' directories' names only"),
 			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES),
 		OPT_NEGBIT(0, "empty-directory", &dir.flags,
-			"don't show empty directories",
+			N_("don't show empty directories"),
 			DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('u', "unmerged", &show_unmerged,
-			"show unmerged files in the output"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "resolve-undo", &show_resolve_undo,
-			    "show resolve-undo information"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &dir.exclude_list[EXC_CMDL], "pattern",
-			"skip files matching pattern",
+		OPT_BOOL('u', "unmerged", &show_unmerged,
+			N_("show unmerged files in the output")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "resolve-undo", &show_resolve_undo,
+			    N_("show resolve-undo information")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'x', "exclude", &exclude_list, N_("pattern"),
+			N_("skip files matching pattern"),
 			0, option_parse_exclude },
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'X', "exclude-from", &dir, "file",
-			"exclude patterns are read from <file>",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'X', "exclude-from", &dir, N_("file"),
+			N_("exclude patterns are read from <file>"),
 			0, option_parse_exclude_from },
-		OPT_STRING(0, "exclude-per-directory", &dir.exclude_per_dir, "file",
-			"read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "exclude-per-directory", &dir.exclude_per_dir, N_("file"),
+			N_("read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>")),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-standard", &dir, NULL,
-			"add the standard git exclusions",
+			N_("add the standard git exclusions"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_exclude_standard },
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "full-name", &prefix_len, NULL,
-			"make the output relative to the project top directory",
+			N_("make the output relative to the project top directory"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "error-unmatch", &error_unmatch,
-			"if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "with-tree", &with_tree, "tree-ish",
-			"pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "error-unmatch", &error_unmatch,
+			N_("if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "with-tree", &with_tree, N_("tree-ish"),
+			N_("pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "debug", &debug_mode, "show debugging data"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "debug", &debug_mode, N_("show debugging data")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -514,6 +477,10 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_ls_files_options,
 			ls_files_usage, 0);
+	el = add_exclude_list(&dir, EXC_CMDL, "--exclude option");
+	for (i = 0; i < exclude_list.nr; i++) {
+		add_exclude(exclude_list.items[i].string, "", 0, el, --exclude_args);
+	}
 	if (show_tag || show_valid_bit) {
 		tag_cached = "H ";
 		tag_unmerged = "M ";
@@ -538,30 +505,25 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 	if (require_work_tree && !is_inside_work_tree())
 		setup_work_tree();
 
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-
-	/* be nice with submodule paths ending in a slash */
-	if (pathspec)
-		strip_trailing_slash_from_submodules();
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP,
+		       prefix, argv);
 
 	/* Find common prefix for all pathspec's */
-	max_prefix = common_prefix(pathspec);
+	max_prefix = common_prefix(&pathspec);
 	max_prefix_len = max_prefix ? strlen(max_prefix) : 0;
 
 	/* Treat unmatching pathspec elements as errors */
-	if (pathspec && error_unmatch) {
-		int num;
-		for (num = 0; pathspec[num]; num++)
-			;
-		ps_matched = xcalloc(1, num);
-	}
+	if (pathspec.nr && error_unmatch)
+		ps_matched = xcalloc(1, pathspec.nr);
 
 	if ((dir.flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED) && !exc_given)
 		die("ls-files --ignored needs some exclude pattern");
 
 	/* With no flags, we default to showing the cached files */
-	if (!(show_stage | show_deleted | show_others | show_unmerged |
-	      show_killed | show_modified | show_resolve_undo))
+	if (!(show_stage || show_deleted || show_others || show_unmerged ||
+	      show_killed || show_modified || show_resolve_undo))
 		show_cached = 1;
 
 	if (max_prefix)
@@ -581,7 +543,7 @@ int cmd_ls_files(int argc, const char **argv, const char *cmd_prefix)
 
 	if (ps_matched) {
 		int bad;
-		bad = report_path_error(ps_matched, pathspec, prefix);
+		bad = report_path_error(ps_matched, &pathspec, prefix);
 		if (bad)
 			fprintf(stderr, "Did you forget to 'git add'?\n");
 
diff --git a/builtin/ls-remote.c b/builtin/ls-remote.c
index 41c88a98a2..4554dbc8a9 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-remote.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-remote.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 static const char ls_remote_usage[] =
 "git ls-remote [--heads] [--tags]  [-u <exec> | --upload-pack <exec>]\n"
-"                     [-q|--quiet] [--exit-code] [<repository> [<refs>...]]";
+"                     [-q | --quiet] [--exit-code] [--get-url] [<repository> [<refs>...]]";
 
 /*
  * Is there one among the list of patterns that match the tail part
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ static int tail_match(const char **pattern, const char *path)
 	if (snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), "/%s", path) > sizeof(pathbuf))
 		return error("insanely long ref %.*s...", 20, path);
 	while ((p = *(pattern++)) != NULL) {
-		if (!fnmatch(p, pathbuf, 0))
+		if (!wildmatch(p, pathbuf, 0, NULL))
 			return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@ int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
 		if (*arg == '-') {
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--upload-pack=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--upload-pack=")) {
 				uploadpack = arg + 14;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--exec=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--exec=")) {
 				uploadpack = arg + 7;
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ int cmd_ls_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (argv[i]) {
 		int j;
-		pattern = xcalloc(sizeof(const char *), argc - i + 1);
+		pattern = xcalloc(argc - i + 1, sizeof(const char *));
 		for (j = i; j < argc; j++) {
 			int len = strlen(argv[j]);
 			char *p = xmalloc(len + 3);
diff --git a/builtin/ls-tree.c b/builtin/ls-tree.c
index 6b666e1e87..3b04a0f082 100644
--- a/builtin/ls-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/ls-tree.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static int line_termination = '\n';
 #define LS_RECURSIVE 1
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ static int chomp_prefix;
 static const char *ls_tree_prefix;
 
 static const  char * const ls_tree_usage[] = {
-	"git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]",
+	N_("git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ static int show_recursive(const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname)
 	if (ls_options & LS_RECURSIVE)
 		return 1;
 
-	s = pathspec.raw;
+	s = pathspec._raw;
 	if (!s)
 		return 0;
 
@@ -60,10 +61,11 @@ static int show_recursive(const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname)
 	}
 }
 
-static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
+static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
 		const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
 {
 	int retval = 0;
+	int baselen;
 	const char *type = blob_type;
 
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
 		 */
 		type = commit_type;
 	} else if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
-		if (show_recursive(base, baselen, pathname)) {
+		if (show_recursive(base->buf, base->len, pathname)) {
 			retval = READ_TREE_RECURSIVE;
 			if (!(ls_options & LS_SHOW_TREES))
 				return retval;
@@ -88,10 +90,6 @@ static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
 	else if (ls_options & LS_TREE_ONLY)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (chomp_prefix &&
-	    (baselen < chomp_prefix || memcmp(ls_tree_prefix, base, chomp_prefix)))
-		return 0;
-
 	if (!(ls_options & LS_NAME_ONLY)) {
 		if (ls_options & LS_SHOW_SIZE) {
 			char size_text[24];
@@ -111,8 +109,12 @@ static int show_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen,
 			printf("%06o %s %s\t", mode, type,
 			       find_unique_abbrev(sha1, abbrev));
 	}
-	write_name_quotedpfx(base + chomp_prefix, baselen - chomp_prefix,
-			  pathname, stdout, line_termination);
+	baselen = base->len;
+	strbuf_addstr(base, pathname);
+	write_name_quoted_relative(base->buf,
+				   chomp_prefix ? ls_tree_prefix : NULL,
+				   stdout, line_termination);
+	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -122,25 +124,25 @@ int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct tree *tree;
 	int i, full_tree = 0;
 	const struct option ls_tree_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('d', NULL, &ls_options, "only show trees",
+		OPT_BIT('d', NULL, &ls_options, N_("only show trees"),
 			LS_TREE_ONLY),
-		OPT_BIT('r', NULL, &ls_options, "recurse into subtrees",
+		OPT_BIT('r', NULL, &ls_options, N_("recurse into subtrees"),
 			LS_RECURSIVE),
-		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &ls_options, "show trees when recursing",
+		OPT_BIT('t', NULL, &ls_options, N_("show trees when recursing"),
 			LS_SHOW_TREES),
 		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
-			    "terminate entries with NUL byte", 0),
-		OPT_BIT('l', "long", &ls_options, "include object size",
+			    N_("terminate entries with NUL byte"), 0),
+		OPT_BIT('l', "long", &ls_options, N_("include object size"),
 			LS_SHOW_SIZE),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "name-only", &ls_options, "list only filenames",
+		OPT_BIT(0, "name-only", &ls_options, N_("list only filenames"),
 			LS_NAME_ONLY),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "name-status", &ls_options, "list only filenames",
+		OPT_BIT(0, "name-status", &ls_options, N_("list only filenames"),
 			LS_NAME_ONLY),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "full-name", &chomp_prefix,
-			    "use full path names", 0),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
-			    "list entire tree; not just current directory "
-			    "(implies --full-name)"),
+			    N_("use full path names"), 0),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "full-tree", &full_tree,
+			 N_("list entire tree; not just current directory "
+			    "(implies --full-name)")),
 		OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -166,9 +168,18 @@ int cmd_ls_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (get_sha1(argv[0], sha1))
 		die("Not a valid object name %s", argv[0]);
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 1));
+	/*
+	 * show_recursive() rolls its own matching code and is
+	 * generally ignorant of 'struct pathspec'. The magic mask
+	 * cannot be lifted until it is converted to use
+	 * match_pathspec() or tree_entry_interesting()
+	 */
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, PATHSPEC_GLOB | PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+				  PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, argv + 1);
 	for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++)
-		pathspec.items[i].use_wildcard = 0;
+		pathspec.items[i].nowildcard_len = pathspec.items[i].len;
 	pathspec.has_wildcard = 0;
 	tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
 	if (!tree)
diff --git a/builtin/mailinfo.c b/builtin/mailinfo.c
index eaf9e157a3..999a5250fb 100644
--- a/builtin/mailinfo.c
+++ b/builtin/mailinfo.c
@@ -15,18 +15,17 @@ static const char *metainfo_charset;
 static struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
 static struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 static struct strbuf email = STRBUF_INIT;
+static char *message_id;
 
 static enum  {
 	TE_DONTCARE, TE_QP, TE_BASE64
 } transfer_encoding;
-static enum  {
-	TYPE_TEXT, TYPE_OTHER
-} message_type;
 
 static struct strbuf charset = STRBUF_INIT;
 static int patch_lines;
 static struct strbuf **p_hdr_data, **s_hdr_data;
 static int use_scissors;
+static int add_message_id;
 static int use_inbody_headers = 1;
 
 #define MAX_HDR_PARSED 10
@@ -160,10 +159,9 @@ static int slurp_attr(const char *line, const char *name, struct strbuf *attr)
 	const char *ends, *ap = strcasestr(line, name);
 	size_t sz;
 
-	if (!ap) {
-		strbuf_setlen(attr, 0);
+	strbuf_setlen(attr, 0);
+	if (!ap)
 		return 0;
-	}
 	ap += strlen(name);
 	if (*ap == '"') {
 		ap++;
@@ -185,8 +183,6 @@ static void handle_content_type(struct strbuf *line)
 	struct strbuf *boundary = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
 	strbuf_init(boundary, line->len);
 
-	if (!strcasestr(line->buf, "text/"))
-		 message_type = TYPE_OTHER;
 	if (slurp_attr(line->buf, "boundary=", boundary)) {
 		strbuf_insert(boundary, 0, "--", 2);
 		if (++content_top > &content[MAX_BOUNDARIES]) {
@@ -204,6 +200,12 @@ static void handle_content_type(struct strbuf *line)
 	}
 }
 
+static void handle_message_id(const struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	if (add_message_id)
+		message_id = strdup(line->buf);
+}
+
 static void handle_content_transfer_encoding(const struct strbuf *line)
 {
 	if (strcasestr(line->buf, "base64"))
@@ -232,7 +234,9 @@ static void cleanup_subject(struct strbuf *subject)
 		case 'r': case 'R':
 			if (subject->len <= at + 3)
 				break;
-			if (!memcmp(subject->buf + at + 1, "e:", 2)) {
+			if ((subject->buf[at + 1] == 'e' ||
+			     subject->buf[at + 1] == 'E') &&
+			    subject->buf[at + 2] == ':') {
 				strbuf_remove(subject, at, 3);
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -292,6 +296,22 @@ static inline int cmp_header(const struct strbuf *line, const char *hdr)
 			line->buf[len] == ':' && isspace(line->buf[len + 1]);
 }
 
+static int is_format_patch_separator(const char *line, int len)
+{
+	static const char SAMPLE[] =
+		"From e6807f3efca28b30decfecb1732a56c7db1137ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001\n";
+	const char *cp;
+
+	if (len != strlen(SAMPLE))
+		return 0;
+	if (!skip_prefix(line, "From ", &cp))
+		return 0;
+	if (strspn(cp, "0123456789abcdef") != 40)
+		return 0;
+	cp += 40;
+	return !memcmp(SAMPLE + (cp - line), cp, strlen(SAMPLE) - (cp - line));
+}
+
 static int check_header(const struct strbuf *line,
 				struct strbuf *hdr_data[], int overwrite)
 {
@@ -330,15 +350,23 @@ static int check_header(const struct strbuf *line,
 		ret = 1;
 		goto check_header_out;
 	}
+	if (cmp_header(line, "Message-Id")) {
+		len = strlen("Message-Id: ");
+		strbuf_add(&sb, line->buf + len, line->len - len);
+		decode_header(&sb);
+		handle_message_id(&sb);
+		ret = 1;
+		goto check_header_out;
+	}
 
 	/* for inbody stuff */
-	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, ">From") && isspace(line->buf[5])) {
-		ret = 1; /* Should this return 0? */
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, ">From") && isspace(line->buf[5])) {
+		ret = is_format_patch_separator(line->buf + 1, line->len - 1);
 		goto check_header_out;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "[PATCH]") && isspace(line->buf[7])) {
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, "[PATCH]") && isspace(line->buf[7])) {
 		for (i = 0; header[i]; i++) {
-			if (!memcmp("Subject", header[i], 7)) {
+			if (!strcmp("Subject", header[i])) {
 				handle_header(&hdr_data[i], line);
 				ret = 1;
 				goto check_header_out;
@@ -365,7 +393,7 @@ static int is_rfc2822_header(const struct strbuf *line)
 	char *cp = line->buf;
 
 	/* Count mbox From headers as headers */
-	if (!prefixcmp(cp, "From ") || !prefixcmp(cp, ">From "))
+	if (starts_with(cp, "From ") || starts_with(cp, ">From "))
 		return 1;
 
 	while ((ch = *cp++)) {
@@ -481,37 +509,14 @@ static struct strbuf *decode_b_segment(const struct strbuf *b_seg)
 	return out;
 }
 
-/*
- * When there is no known charset, guess.
- *
- * Right now we assume that if the target is UTF-8 (the default),
- * and it already looks like UTF-8 (which includes US-ASCII as its
- * subset, of course) then that is what it is and there is nothing
- * to do.
- *
- * Otherwise, we default to assuming it is Latin1 for historical
- * reasons.
- */
-static const char *guess_charset(const struct strbuf *line, const char *target_charset)
-{
-	if (is_encoding_utf8(target_charset)) {
-		if (is_utf8(line->buf))
-			return NULL;
-	}
-	return "ISO8859-1";
-}
-
 static void convert_to_utf8(struct strbuf *line, const char *charset)
 {
 	char *out;
 
-	if (!charset || !*charset) {
-		charset = guess_charset(line, metainfo_charset);
-		if (!charset)
-			return;
-	}
+	if (!charset || !*charset)
+		return;
 
-	if (!strcasecmp(metainfo_charset, charset))
+	if (same_encoding(metainfo_charset, charset))
 		return;
 	out = reencode_string(line->buf, metainfo_charset, charset);
 	if (!out)
@@ -680,7 +685,6 @@ again:
 	/* set some defaults */
 	transfer_encoding = TE_DONTCARE;
 	strbuf_reset(&charset);
-	message_type = TYPE_TEXT;
 
 	/* slurp in this section's info */
 	while (read_one_header_line(&line, fin))
@@ -699,11 +703,11 @@ static inline int patchbreak(const struct strbuf *line)
 	size_t i;
 
 	/* Beginning of a "diff -" header? */
-	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "diff -"))
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, "diff -"))
 		return 1;
 
 	/* CVS "Index: " line? */
-	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "Index: "))
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, "Index: "))
 		return 1;
 
 	/*
@@ -713,7 +717,7 @@ static inline int patchbreak(const struct strbuf *line)
 	if (line->len < 4)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(line->buf, "---")) {
+	if (starts_with(line->buf, "---")) {
 		/* space followed by a filename? */
 		if (line->buf[3] == ' ' && !isspace(line->buf[4]))
 			return 1;
@@ -828,6 +832,8 @@ static int handle_commit_msg(struct strbuf *line)
 	}
 
 	if (patchbreak(line)) {
+		if (message_id)
+			fprintf(cmitmsg, "Message-Id: %s\n", message_id);
 		fclose(cmitmsg);
 		cmitmsg = NULL;
 		return 1;
@@ -894,11 +900,6 @@ static void handle_body(void)
 			strbuf_insert(&line, 0, prev.buf, prev.len);
 			strbuf_reset(&prev);
 
-			/* binary data most likely doesn't have newlines */
-			if (message_type != TYPE_TEXT) {
-				handle_filter(&line);
-				break;
-			}
 			/*
 			 * This is a decoded line that may contain
 			 * multiple new lines.  Pass only one chunk
@@ -962,13 +963,13 @@ static void handle_info(void)
 		else
 			continue;
 
-		if (!memcmp(header[i], "Subject", 7)) {
+		if (!strcmp(header[i], "Subject")) {
 			if (!keep_subject) {
 				cleanup_subject(hdr);
 				cleanup_space(hdr);
 			}
 			output_header_lines(fout, "Subject", hdr);
-		} else if (!memcmp(header[i], "From", 4)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(header[i], "From")) {
 			cleanup_space(hdr);
 			handle_from(hdr);
 			fprintf(fout, "Author: %s\n", name.buf);
@@ -1019,7 +1020,7 @@ static int mailinfo(FILE *in, FILE *out, const char *msg, const char *patch)
 
 static int git_mailinfo_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *unused)
 {
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "mailinfo."))
+	if (!starts_with(var, "mailinfo."))
 		return git_default_config(var, value, unused);
 	if (!strcmp(var, "mailinfo.scissors")) {
 		use_scissors = git_config_bool(var, value);
@@ -1030,7 +1031,7 @@ static int git_mailinfo_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *unused)
 }
 
 static const char mailinfo_usage[] =
-	"git mailinfo [-k|-b] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors | --no-scissors] msg patch < mail >info";
+	"git mailinfo [-k | -b] [-m | --message-id] [-u | --encoding=<encoding> | -n] [--scissors | --no-scissors] <msg> <patch> < mail >info";
 
 int cmd_mailinfo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
@@ -1049,11 +1050,13 @@ int cmd_mailinfo(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			keep_subject = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-b"))
 			keep_non_patch_brackets_in_subject = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-m") || !strcmp(argv[1], "--message-id"))
+			add_message_id = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-u"))
 			metainfo_charset = def_charset;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-n"))
 			metainfo_charset = NULL;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(argv[1], "--encoding="))
+		else if (starts_with(argv[1], "--encoding="))
 			metainfo_charset = argv[1] + 11;
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--scissors"))
 			use_scissors = 1;
diff --git a/builtin/mailsplit.c b/builtin/mailsplit.c
index 2d4327801e..8e02ea109a 100644
--- a/builtin/mailsplit.c
+++ b/builtin/mailsplit.c
@@ -53,14 +53,15 @@ static int keep_cr;
  */
 static int split_one(FILE *mbox, const char *name, int allow_bare)
 {
-	FILE *output = NULL;
+	FILE *output;
 	int fd;
 	int status = 0;
 	int is_bare = !is_from_line(buf.buf, buf.len);
 
-	if (is_bare && !allow_bare)
-		goto corrupt;
-
+	if (is_bare && !allow_bare) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "corrupt mailbox\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
 	fd = open(name, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno("cannot open output file '%s'", name);
@@ -91,13 +92,6 @@ static int split_one(FILE *mbox, const char *name, int allow_bare)
 	}
 	fclose(output);
 	return status;
-
- corrupt:
-	if (output)
-		fclose(output);
-	unlink(name);
-	fprintf(stderr, "corrupt mailbox\n");
-	exit(1);
 }
 
 static int populate_maildir_list(struct string_list *list, const char *path)
@@ -130,6 +124,27 @@ static int populate_maildir_list(struct string_list *list, const char *path)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int maildir_filename_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	while (*a && *b) {
+		if (isdigit(*a) && isdigit(*b)) {
+			long int na, nb;
+			na = strtol(a, (char **)&a, 10);
+			nb = strtol(b, (char **)&b, 10);
+			if (na != nb)
+				return na - nb;
+			/* strtol advanced our pointers */
+		}
+		else {
+			if (*a != *b)
+				return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+			a++;
+			b++;
+		}
+	}
+	return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
+}
+
 static int split_maildir(const char *maildir, const char *dir,
 	int nr_prec, int skip)
 {
@@ -139,6 +154,8 @@ static int split_maildir(const char *maildir, const char *dir,
 	int i;
 	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
+	list.cmp = maildir_filename_cmp;
+
 	if (populate_maildir_list(&list, maildir) < 0)
 		goto out;
 
diff --git a/builtin/merge-base.c b/builtin/merge-base.c
index 4f30f1b0c8..08a8217890 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-base.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-base.c
@@ -1,13 +1,16 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static int show_merge_base(struct commit **rev, int rev_nr, int show_all)
 {
 	struct commit_list *result;
 
-	result = get_merge_bases_many(rev[0], rev_nr - 1, rev + 1, 0);
+	result = get_merge_bases_many_dirty(rev[0], rev_nr - 1, rev + 1);
 
 	if (!result)
 		return 1;
@@ -23,9 +26,11 @@ static int show_merge_base(struct commit **rev, int rev_nr, int show_all)
 }
 
 static const char * const merge_base_usage[] = {
-	"git merge-base [-a|--all] <commit> <commit>...",
-	"git merge-base [-a|--all] --octopus <commit>...",
-	"git merge-base --independent <commit>...",
+	N_("git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."),
+	N_("git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."),
+	N_("git merge-base --independent <commit>..."),
+	N_("git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"),
+	N_("git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -43,19 +48,36 @@ static struct commit *get_commit_reference(const char *arg)
 	return r;
 }
 
-static int handle_octopus(int count, const char **args, int reduce, int show_all)
+static int handle_independent(int count, const char **args)
 {
 	struct commit_list *revs = NULL;
 	struct commit_list *result;
 	int i;
 
-	if (reduce)
-		show_all = 1;
+	for (i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		commit_list_insert(get_commit_reference(args[i]), &revs);
+
+	result = reduce_heads(revs);
+	if (!result)
+		return 1;
+
+	while (result) {
+		printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(result->item->object.sha1));
+		result = result->next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_octopus(int count, const char **args, int show_all)
+{
+	struct commit_list *revs = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *result;
+	int i;
 
 	for (i = count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 		commit_list_insert(get_commit_reference(args[i]), &revs);
 
-	result = reduce ? reduce_heads(revs) : get_octopus_merge_bases(revs);
+	result = reduce_heads(get_octopus_merge_bases(revs));
 
 	if (!result)
 		return 1;
@@ -70,30 +92,165 @@ static int handle_octopus(int count, const char **args, int reduce, int show_all
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int handle_is_ancestor(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct commit *one, *two;
+
+	if (argc != 2)
+		die("--is-ancestor takes exactly two commits");
+	one = get_commit_reference(argv[0]);
+	two = get_commit_reference(argv[1]);
+	if (in_merge_bases(one, two))
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+struct rev_collect {
+	struct commit **commit;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+	unsigned int initial : 1;
+};
+
+static void add_one_commit(unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_collect *revs)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return;
+
+	commit = lookup_commit(sha1);
+	if (!commit ||
+	    (commit->object.flags & TMP_MARK) ||
+	    parse_commit(commit))
+		return;
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(revs->commit, revs->nr + 1, revs->alloc);
+	revs->commit[revs->nr++] = commit;
+	commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+}
+
+static int collect_one_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+				  const char *ident, unsigned long timestamp,
+				  int tz, const char *message, void *cbdata)
+{
+	struct rev_collect *revs = cbdata;
+
+	if (revs->initial) {
+		revs->initial = 0;
+		add_one_commit(osha1, revs);
+	}
+	add_one_commit(nsha1, revs);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_fork_point(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *refname;
+	const char *commitname;
+	struct rev_collect revs;
+	struct commit *derived;
+	struct commit_list *bases;
+	int i, ret = 0;
+
+	switch (dwim_ref(argv[0], strlen(argv[0]), sha1, &refname)) {
+	case 0:
+		die("No such ref: '%s'", argv[0]);
+	case 1:
+		break; /* good */
+	default:
+		die("Ambiguous refname: '%s'", argv[0]);
+	}
+
+	commitname = (argc == 2) ? argv[1] : "HEAD";
+	if (get_sha1(commitname, sha1))
+		die("Not a valid object name: '%s'", commitname);
+
+	derived = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+	memset(&revs, 0, sizeof(revs));
+	revs.initial = 1;
+	for_each_reflog_ent(refname, collect_one_reflog_ent, &revs);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < revs.nr; i++)
+		revs.commit[i]->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+
+	bases = get_merge_bases_many_dirty(derived, revs.nr, revs.commit);
+
+	/*
+	 * There should be one and only one merge base, when we found
+	 * a common ancestor among reflog entries.
+	 */
+	if (!bases || bases->next) {
+		ret = 1;
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
+
+	/* And the found one must be one of the reflog entries */
+	for (i = 0; i < revs.nr; i++)
+		if (&bases->item->object == &revs.commit[i]->object)
+			break; /* found */
+	if (revs.nr <= i) {
+		ret = 1; /* not found */
+		goto cleanup_return;
+	}
+
+	printf("%s\n", sha1_to_hex(bases->item->object.sha1));
+
+cleanup_return:
+	free_commit_list(bases);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int cmd_merge_base(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct commit **rev;
 	int rev_nr = 0;
 	int show_all = 0;
-	int octopus = 0;
-	int reduce = 0;
+	int cmdmode = 0;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &show_all, "output all common ancestors"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "octopus", &octopus, "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &reduce, "list revs not reachable from others"),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &show_all, N_("output all common ancestors")),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "octopus", &cmdmode,
+			    N_("find ancestors for a single n-way merge"), 'o'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "independent", &cmdmode,
+			    N_("list revs not reachable from others"), 'r'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "is-ancestor", &cmdmode,
+			    N_("is the first one ancestor of the other?"), 'a'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "fork-point", &cmdmode,
+			    N_("find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"), 'f'),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, merge_base_usage, 0);
-	if (!octopus && !reduce && argc < 2)
-		usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
-	if (reduce && (show_all || octopus))
-		die("--independent cannot be used with other options");
 
-	if (octopus || reduce)
-		return handle_octopus(argc, argv, reduce, show_all);
+	if (cmdmode == 'a') {
+		if (argc < 2)
+			usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
+		if (show_all)
+			die("--is-ancestor cannot be used with --all");
+		return handle_is_ancestor(argc, argv);
+	}
+
+	if (cmdmode == 'r' && show_all)
+		die("--independent cannot be used with --all");
+
+	if (cmdmode == 'o')
+		return handle_octopus(argc, argv, show_all);
+
+	if (cmdmode == 'r')
+		return handle_independent(argc, argv);
+
+	if (cmdmode == 'f') {
+		if (argc < 1 || 2 < argc)
+			usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
+		return handle_fork_point(argc, argv);
+	}
+
+	if (argc < 2)
+		usage_with_options(merge_base_usage, options);
 
 	rev = xmalloc(argc * sizeof(*rev));
 	while (argc-- > 0)
diff --git a/builtin/merge-file.c b/builtin/merge-file.c
index 237abd3c0b..ea8093f676 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-file.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-file.c
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char *const merge_file_usage[] = {
-	"git merge-file [options] [-L name1 [-L orig [-L name2]]] file1 orig_file file2",
+	N_("git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> <orig-file> <file2>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -30,19 +30,19 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int quiet = 0;
 	int prefixlen = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, "send results to standard output"),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &xmp.style, "use a diff3 based merge", XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "ours", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use our version",
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "stdout", &to_stdout, N_("send results to standard output")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "diff3", &xmp.style, N_("use a diff3 based merge"), XDL_MERGE_DIFF3),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "ours", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use our version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "theirs", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use their version",
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "theirs", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use their version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "union", &xmp.favor, "for conflicts, use a union version",
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "union", &xmp.favor, N_("for conflicts, use a union version"),
 			    XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_UNION),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "marker-size", &xmp.marker_size,
-			    "for conflicts, use this marker size"),
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not warn about conflicts"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, names, "name",
-			     "set labels for file1/orig_file/file2", &label_cb),
+			    N_("for conflicts, use this marker size")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not warn about conflicts")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('L', NULL, names, N_("name"),
+			     N_("set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"), &label_cb),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (quiet) {
 		if (!freopen("/dev/null", "w", stderr))
 			return error("failed to redirect stderr to /dev/null: "
-				     "%s\n", strerror(errno));
+				     "%s", strerror(errno));
 	}
 
 	if (prefix)
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		if (read_mmfile(mmfs + i, fname))
 			return -1;
 		if (buffer_is_binary(mmfs[i].ptr, mmfs[i].size))
-			return error("Cannot merge binary files: %s\n",
+			return error("Cannot merge binary files: %s",
 					argv[i]);
 	}
 
@@ -90,7 +90,8 @@ int cmd_merge_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (ret >= 0) {
 		const char *filename = argv[0];
-		FILE *f = to_stdout ? stdout : fopen(filename, "wb");
+		const char *fpath = prefix_filename(prefix, prefixlen, argv[0]);
+		FILE *f = to_stdout ? stdout : fopen(fpath, "wb");
 
 		if (!f)
 			ret = error("Could not open %s for writing", filename);
diff --git a/builtin/merge-index.c b/builtin/merge-index.c
index 2338832587..1a1eafa6fd 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-index.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-index.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ static int merge_entry(int pos, const char *path)
 		die("git merge-index: %s not in the cache", path);
 	found = 0;
 	do {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		int stage = ce_stage(ce);
 
 		if (strcmp(ce->name, path))
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ static int merge_entry(int pos, const char *path)
 	return found;
 }
 
-static void merge_file(const char *path)
+static void merge_one_path(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static void merge_all(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 		i += merge_entry(i, ce->name)-1;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ int cmd_merge_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
 
 	if (argc < 3)
-		usage("git merge-index [-o] [-q] <merge-program> (-a | [--] <filename>*)");
+		usage("git merge-index [-o] [-q] <merge-program> (-a | [--] [<filename>...])");
 
 	read_cache();
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ int cmd_merge_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			die("git merge-index: unknown option %s", arg);
 		}
-		merge_file(arg);
+		merge_one_path(arg);
 	}
 	if (err && !quiet)
 		die("merge program failed");
diff --git a/builtin/merge-recursive.c b/builtin/merge-recursive.c
index 3a64f5d0bd..a90f28f34d 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-recursive.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ int cmd_merge_recursive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct commit *result;
 
 	init_merge_options(&o);
-	if (argv[0] && !suffixcmp(argv[0], "-subtree"))
+	if (argv[0] && ends_with(argv[0], "-subtree"))
 		o.subtree_shift = "";
 
 	if (argc < 4)
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ int cmd_merge_recursive(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--")) {
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--")) {
 			if (!arg[2])
 				break;
 			if (parse_merge_opt(&o, arg + 2))
diff --git a/builtin/merge-tree.c b/builtin/merge-tree.c
index 897a563bc6..f9ab48597e 100644
--- a/builtin/merge-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/merge-tree.c
@@ -3,17 +3,15 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
-#include "merge-file.h"
+#include "merge-blobs.h"
 
 static const char merge_tree_usage[] = "git merge-tree <base-tree> <branch1> <branch2>";
-static int resolve_directories = 1;
 
 struct merge_list {
 	struct merge_list *next;
 	struct merge_list *link;	/* other stages for this object */
 
-	unsigned int stage : 2,
-		     flags : 30;
+	unsigned int stage : 2;
 	unsigned int mode;
 	const char *path;
 	struct blob *blob;
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ static void *result(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
 	their = NULL;
 	if (entry)
 		their = entry->blob;
-	return merge_file(path, base, our, their, size);
+	return merge_blobs(path, base, our, their, size);
 }
 
 static void *origin(struct merge_list *entry, unsigned long *size)
@@ -157,6 +155,11 @@ static int same_entry(struct name_entry *a, struct name_entry *b)
 		a->mode == b->mode;
 }
 
+static int both_empty(struct name_entry *a, struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return !(a->sha1 || b->sha1);
+}
+
 static struct merge_list *create_entry(unsigned stage, unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path)
 {
 	struct merge_list *res = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*res));
@@ -174,17 +177,17 @@ static char *traverse_path(const struct traverse_info *info, const struct name_e
 	return make_traverse_path(path, info, n);
 }
 
-static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *branch1, struct name_entry *result)
+static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *ours, struct name_entry *result)
 {
 	struct merge_list *orig, *final;
 	const char *path;
 
-	/* If it's already branch1, don't bother showing it */
-	if (!branch1)
+	/* If it's already ours, don't bother showing it */
+	if (!ours)
 		return;
 
 	path = traverse_path(info, result);
-	orig = create_entry(2, branch1->mode, branch1->sha1, path);
+	orig = create_entry(2, ours->mode, ours->sha1, path);
 	final = create_entry(0, result->mode, result->sha1, path);
 
 	final->link = orig;
@@ -192,34 +195,35 @@ static void resolve(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry *branch1
 	add_merge_entry(final);
 }
 
-static int unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
+static void unresolved_directory(const struct traverse_info *info,
+				 struct name_entry n[3])
 {
 	char *newbase;
 	struct name_entry *p;
 	struct tree_desc t[3];
 	void *buf0, *buf1, *buf2;
 
-	if (!resolve_directories)
-		return 0;
-	p = n;
-	if (!p->mode) {
-		p++;
-		if (!p->mode)
-			p++;
+	for (p = n; p < n + 3; p++) {
+		if (p->mode && S_ISDIR(p->mode))
+			break;
 	}
-	if (!S_ISDIR(p->mode))
-		return 0;
+	if (n + 3 <= p)
+		return; /* there is no tree here */
+
 	newbase = traverse_path(info, p);
-	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, n[0].sha1);
-	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, n[1].sha1);
-	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, n[2].sha1);
+
+#define ENTRY_SHA1(e) (((e)->mode && S_ISDIR((e)->mode)) ? (e)->sha1 : NULL)
+	buf0 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+0, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 0));
+	buf1 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+1, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 1));
+	buf2 = fill_tree_descriptor(t+2, ENTRY_SHA1(n + 2));
+#undef ENTRY_SHA1
+
 	merge_trees(t, newbase);
 
 	free(buf0);
 	free(buf1);
 	free(buf2);
 	free(newbase);
-	return 1;
 }
 
 
@@ -242,18 +246,30 @@ static struct merge_list *link_entry(unsigned stage, const struct traverse_info
 static void unresolved(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
 {
 	struct merge_list *entry = NULL;
+	int i;
+	unsigned dirmask = 0, mask = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		mask |= (1 << i);
+		/*
+		 * Treat missing entries as directories so that we return
+		 * after unresolved_directory has handled this.
+		 */
+		if (!n[i].mode || S_ISDIR(n[i].mode))
+			dirmask |= (1 << i);
+	}
+
+	unresolved_directory(info, n);
 
-	if (unresolved_directory(info, n))
+	if (dirmask == mask)
 		return;
 
-	/*
-	 * Do them in reverse order so that the resulting link
-	 * list has the stages in order - link_entry adds new
-	 * links at the front.
-	 */
-	entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
-	entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
-	entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
+	if (n[2].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[2].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(3, info, n + 2, entry);
+	if (n[1].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[1].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(2, info, n + 1, entry);
+	if (n[0].mode && !S_ISDIR(n[0].mode))
+		entry = link_entry(1, info, n + 0, entry);
 
 	add_merge_entry(entry);
 }
@@ -290,25 +306,29 @@ static void unresolved(const struct traverse_info *info, struct name_entry n[3])
 static int threeway_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, struct name_entry *entry, struct traverse_info *info)
 {
 	/* Same in both? */
-	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2)) {
-		if (entry[0].sha1) {
-			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
-			return mask;
-		}
+	if (same_entry(entry+1, entry+2) || both_empty(entry+1, entry+2)) {
+		/* Modified, added or removed identically */
+		resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+		return mask;
 	}
 
 	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+1)) {
 		if (entry[2].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[2].mode)) {
+			/* We did not touch, they modified -- take theirs */
 			resolve(info, entry+1, entry+2);
 			return mask;
 		}
+		/*
+		 * If we did not touch a directory but they made it
+		 * into a file, we fall through and unresolved()
+		 * recurses down.  Likewise for the opposite case.
+		 */
 	}
 
-	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2)) {
-		if (entry[1].sha1 && !S_ISDIR(entry[1].mode)) {
-			resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
-			return mask;
-		}
+	if (same_entry(entry+0, entry+2) || both_empty(entry+0, entry+2)) {
+		/* We added, modified or removed, they did not touch -- take ours */
+		resolve(info, NULL, entry+1);
+		return mask;
 	}
 
 	unresolved(info, entry);
diff --git a/builtin/merge.c b/builtin/merge.c
index d3e1e8dc9e..3b0f8f96d4 100644
--- a/builtin/merge.c
+++ b/builtin/merge.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "refs.h"
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "fmt-merge-msg.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
 
 #define DEFAULT_TWOHEAD (1<<0)
 #define DEFAULT_OCTOPUS (1<<1)
@@ -40,19 +42,18 @@ struct strategy {
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_merge_usage[] = {
-	"git merge [options] [<commit>...]",
-	"git merge [options] <msg> HEAD <commit>",
-	"git merge --abort",
+	N_("git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"),
+	N_("git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"),
+	N_("git merge --abort"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static int show_diffstat = 1, shortlog_len = -1, squash;
-static int option_commit = 1, allow_fast_forward = 1;
-static int fast_forward_only, option_edit = -1;
-static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message;
+static int option_commit = 1;
+static int option_edit = -1;
+static int allow_trivial = 1, have_message, verify_signatures;
 static int overwrite_ignore = 1;
 static struct strbuf merge_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-static struct commit_list *remoteheads;
 static struct strategy **use_strategies;
 static size_t use_strategies_nr, use_strategies_alloc;
 static const char **xopts;
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ static int verbosity;
 static int allow_rerere_auto;
 static int abort_current_merge;
 static int show_progress = -1;
-static int default_to_upstream;
+static int default_to_upstream = 1;
 static const char *sign_commit;
 
 static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
@@ -77,6 +78,14 @@ static struct strategy all_strategy[] = {
 
 static const char *pull_twohead, *pull_octopus;
 
+enum ff_type {
+	FF_NO,
+	FF_ALLOW,
+	FF_ONLY
+};
+
+static enum ff_type fast_forward = FF_ALLOW;
+
 static int option_parse_message(const struct option *opt,
 				const char *arg, int unset)
 {
@@ -181,39 +190,41 @@ static int option_parse_n(const struct option *opt,
 
 static struct option builtin_merge_options[] = {
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'n', NULL, NULL, NULL,
-		"do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge",
+		N_("do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
 		PARSE_OPT_NOARG, option_parse_n },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
-		"show a diffstat at the end of the merge"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, "(synonym to --stat)"),
-	{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, "n",
-	  "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message",
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "stat", &show_diffstat,
+		N_("show a diffstat at the end of the merge")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "summary", &show_diffstat, N_("(synonym to --stat)")),
+	{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "log", &shortlog_len, N_("n"),
+	  N_("add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, DEFAULT_MERGE_LOG_LEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "squash", &squash,
-		"create a single commit instead of doing a merge"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "commit", &option_commit,
-		"perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "squash", &squash,
+		N_("create a single commit instead of doing a merge")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "commit", &option_commit,
+		N_("perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)")),
 	OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &option_edit,
-		"edit message before committing"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &allow_fast_forward,
-		"allow fast-forward (default)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff-only", &fast_forward_only,
-		"abort if fast-forward is not possible"),
+		N_("edit message before committing")),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "ff", &fast_forward, N_("allow fast-forward (default)"), FF_ALLOW),
+	{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "ff-only", &fast_forward, NULL,
+		N_("abort if fast-forward is not possible"),
+		PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, FF_ONLY },
 	OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&allow_rerere_auto),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('s', "strategy", &use_strategies, "strategy",
-		"merge strategy to use", option_parse_strategy),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &xopts, "option=value",
-		"option for selected merge strategy", option_parse_x),
-	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &merge_msg, "message",
-		"merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)",
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "verify-signatures", &verify_signatures,
+		N_("Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature")),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('s', "strategy", &use_strategies, N_("strategy"),
+		N_("merge strategy to use"), option_parse_strategy),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &xopts, N_("option=value"),
+		N_("option for selected merge strategy"), option_parse_x),
+	OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &merge_msg, N_("message"),
+		N_("merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"),
 		option_parse_message),
 	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
-		"abort the current in-progress merge"),
-	OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &show_progress, "force progress reporting", 1),
-	{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, "key id",
-	  "GPG sign commit", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "overwrite-ignore", &overwrite_ignore, "update ignored files (default)"),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "abort", &abort_current_merge,
+		N_("abort the current in-progress merge")),
+	OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("force progress reporting"), 1),
+	{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &sign_commit, N_("key-id"),
+	  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "overwrite-ignore", &overwrite_ignore, N_("update ignored files (default)")),
 	OPT_END()
 };
 
@@ -228,11 +239,10 @@ static void drop_save(void)
 static int save_state(unsigned char *stash)
 {
 	int len;
-	struct child_process cp;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *argv[] = {"stash", "create", NULL};
 
-	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 	cp.argv = argv;
 	cp.out = -1;
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -318,7 +328,7 @@ static void finish_up_to_date(const char *msg)
 	drop_save();
 }
 
-static void squash_message(struct commit *commit)
+static void squash_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct strbuf out = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -358,7 +368,7 @@ static void squash_message(struct commit *commit)
 			sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 		pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &out);
 	}
-	if (write(fd, out.buf, out.len) < 0)
+	if (write_in_full(fd, out.buf, out.len) != out.len)
 		die_errno(_("Writing SQUASH_MSG"));
 	if (close(fd))
 		die_errno(_("Finishing SQUASH_MSG"));
@@ -366,6 +376,7 @@ static void squash_message(struct commit *commit)
 }
 
 static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
+		   struct commit_list *remoteheads,
 		   const unsigned char *new_head, const char *msg)
 {
 	struct strbuf reflog_message = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -380,7 +391,7 @@ static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
 			getenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"), msg);
 	}
 	if (squash) {
-		squash_message(head_commit);
+		squash_message(head_commit, remoteheads);
 	} else {
 		if (verbosity >= 0 && !merge_msg.len)
 			printf(_("No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"));
@@ -388,7 +399,7 @@ static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
 			const char *argv_gc_auto[] = { "gc", "--auto", NULL };
 			update_ref(reflog_message.buf, "HEAD",
 				new_head, head, 0,
-				DIE_ON_ERR);
+				UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 			/*
 			 * We ignore errors in 'gc --auto', since the
 			 * user should see them.
@@ -399,18 +410,19 @@ static void finish(struct commit *head_commit,
 	if (new_head && show_diffstat) {
 		struct diff_options opts;
 		diff_setup(&opts);
+		opts.stat_width = -1; /* use full terminal width */
+		opts.stat_graph_width = -1; /* respect statGraphWidth config */
 		opts.output_format |=
 			DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
 		opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
-		if (diff_setup_done(&opts) < 0)
-			die(_("diff_setup_done failed"));
+		diff_setup_done(&opts);
 		diff_tree_sha1(head, new_head, "", &opts);
 		diffcore_std(&opts);
 		diff_flush(&opts);
 	}
 
 	/* Run a post-merge hook */
-	run_hook(NULL, "post-merge", squash ? "1" : "0", NULL);
+	run_hook_le(NULL, "post-merge", squash ? "1" : "0", NULL);
 
 	strbuf_release(&reflog_message);
 }
@@ -435,17 +447,17 @@ static void merge_name(const char *remote, struct strbuf *msg)
 		die(_("'%s' does not point to a commit"), remote);
 
 	if (dwim_ref(remote, strlen(remote), branch_head, &found_ref) > 0) {
-		if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
+		if (starts_with(found_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
 			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tbranch '%s' of .\n",
 				    sha1_to_hex(branch_head), remote);
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/tags/")) {
+		if (starts_with(found_ref, "refs/tags/")) {
 			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\ttag '%s' of .\n",
 				    sha1_to_hex(branch_head), remote);
 			goto cleanup;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(found_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
+		if (starts_with(found_ref, "refs/remotes/")) {
 			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tremote-tracking branch '%s' of .\n",
 				    sha1_to_hex(branch_head), remote);
 			goto cleanup;
@@ -515,6 +527,19 @@ static void merge_name(const char *remote, struct strbuf *msg)
 		strbuf_release(&line);
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
+
+	if (remote_head->util) {
+		struct merge_remote_desc *desc;
+		desc = merge_remote_util(remote_head);
+		if (desc && desc->obj && desc->obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\t%s '%s'\n",
+				    sha1_to_hex(desc->obj->sha1),
+				    typename(desc->obj->type),
+				    remote);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addf(msg, "%s\t\tcommit '%s'\n",
 		sha1_to_hex(remote_head->object.sha1), remote);
 cleanup:
@@ -533,7 +558,7 @@ static void parse_branch_merge_options(char *bmo)
 	if (argc < 0)
 		die(_("Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"), branch,
 		    split_cmdline_strerror(argc));
-	argv = xrealloc(argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 2));
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(argv, argc + 2);
 	memmove(argv + 1, argv, sizeof(*argv) * (argc + 1));
 	argc++;
 	argv[0] = "branch.*.mergeoptions";
@@ -546,8 +571,8 @@ static int git_merge_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 {
 	int status;
 
-	if (branch && !prefixcmp(k, "branch.") &&
-		!prefixcmp(k + 7, branch) &&
+	if (branch && starts_with(k, "branch.") &&
+		starts_with(k + 7, branch) &&
 		!strcmp(k + 7 + strlen(branch), ".mergeoptions")) {
 		free(branch_mergeoptions);
 		branch_mergeoptions = xstrdup(v);
@@ -565,15 +590,17 @@ static int git_merge_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 	else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.ff")) {
 		int boolval = git_config_maybe_bool(k, v);
 		if (0 <= boolval) {
-			allow_fast_forward = boolval;
+			fast_forward = boolval ? FF_ALLOW : FF_NO;
 		} else if (v && !strcmp(v, "only")) {
-			allow_fast_forward = 1;
-			fast_forward_only = 1;
+			fast_forward = FF_ONLY;
 		} /* do not barf on values from future versions of git */
 		return 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(k, "merge.defaulttoupstream")) {
 		default_to_upstream = git_config_bool(k, v);
 		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(k, "commit.gpgsign")) {
+		sign_commit = git_config_bool(k, v) ? "" : NULL;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	status = fmt_merge_msg_config(k, v, cb);
@@ -627,78 +654,22 @@ static void write_tree_trivial(unsigned char *sha1)
 		die(_("git write-tree failed to write a tree"));
 }
 
-static const char *merge_argument(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	if (commit)
-		return sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1);
-	else
-		return EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
-}
-
-int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
-		      const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
-		      const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes)
-{
-	const char **args;
-	int i = 0, x = 0, ret;
-	struct commit_list *j;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	args = xmalloc((4 + xopts_nr + commit_list_count(common) +
-			commit_list_count(remotes)) * sizeof(char *));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "merge-%s", strategy);
-	args[i++] = buf.buf;
-	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++) {
-		char *s = xmalloc(strlen(xopts[x])+2+1);
-		strcpy(s, "--");
-		strcpy(s+2, xopts[x]);
-		args[i++] = s;
-	}
-	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
-		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
-	args[i++] = "--";
-	args[i++] = head_arg;
-	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
-		args[i++] = xstrdup(merge_argument(j->item));
-	args[i] = NULL;
-	ret = run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	i = 1;
-	for (x = 0; x < xopts_nr; x++)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	i += 2;
-	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
-		free((void *)args[i++]);
-	free(args);
-	discard_cache();
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		die(_("failed to read the cache"));
-	resolve_undo_clear();
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
+			      struct commit_list *remoteheads,
 			      struct commit *head, const char *head_arg)
 {
-	int index_fd;
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+	static struct lock_file lock;
 
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&lock, 1);
 	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
 	if (active_cache_changed &&
-			(write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			 commit_locked_index(lock)))
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		return error(_("Unable to write index."));
-	rollback_lock_file(lock);
+	rollback_lock_file(&lock);
 
 	if (!strcmp(strategy, "recursive") || !strcmp(strategy, "subtree")) {
 		int clean, x;
 		struct commit *result;
-		struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-		int index_fd;
 		struct commit_list *reversed = NULL;
 		struct merge_options o;
 		struct commit_list *j;
@@ -726,14 +697,13 @@ static int try_merge_strategy(const char *strategy, struct commit_list *common,
 		for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
 			commit_list_insert(j->item, &reversed);
 
-		index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+		hold_locked_index(&lock, 1);
 		clean = merge_recursive(&o, head,
 				remoteheads->item, reversed, &result);
 		if (active_cache_changed &&
-				(write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-				 commit_locked_index(lock)))
+		    write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die (_("unable to write %s"), get_index_file());
-		rollback_lock_file(lock);
+		rollback_lock_file(&lock);
 		return clean ? 0 : 1;
 	} else {
 		return try_merge_command(strategy, xopts_nr, xopts,
@@ -760,56 +730,6 @@ static int count_unmerged_entries(void)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *head, const unsigned char *remote)
-{
-	struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
-	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
-	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
-	int i, fd, nr_trees = 0;
-	struct dir_struct dir;
-	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-
-	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
-
-	fd = hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
-
-	memset(&trees, 0, sizeof(trees));
-	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
-	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
-	if (overwrite_ignore) {
-		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
-		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
-		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
-		opts.dir = &dir;
-	}
-
-	opts.head_idx = 1;
-	opts.src_index = &the_index;
-	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
-	opts.update = 1;
-	opts.verbose_update = 1;
-	opts.merge = 1;
-	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
-	setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts, "merge");
-
-	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
-	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
-		return -1;
-	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
-	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
-		return -1;
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
-		parse_tree(trees[i]);
-		init_tree_desc(t+i, trees[i]->buffer, trees[i]->size);
-	}
-	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
-		return -1;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		commit_locked_index(lock_file))
-		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static void split_merge_strategies(const char *string, struct strategy **list,
 				   int *nr, int *alloc)
 {
@@ -874,14 +794,14 @@ static void read_merge_msg(struct strbuf *msg)
 		die_errno(_("Could not read from '%s'"), filename);
 }
 
-static void write_merge_state(void);
-static void abort_commit(const char *err_msg)
+static void write_merge_state(struct commit_list *);
+static void abort_commit(struct commit_list *remoteheads, const char *err_msg)
 {
 	if (err_msg)
 		error("%s", err_msg);
 	fprintf(stderr,
 		_("Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"));
-	write_merge_state();
+	write_merge_state(remoteheads);
 	exit(1);
 }
 
@@ -889,110 +809,92 @@ static const char merge_editor_comment[] =
 N_("Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
    "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
    "\n"
-   "Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+   "Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
    "the commit.\n");
 
-static void prepare_to_commit(void)
+static void prepare_to_commit(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *comment = _(merge_editor_comment);
 	strbuf_addbuf(&msg, &merge_msg);
 	strbuf_addch(&msg, '\n');
 	if (0 < option_edit)
-		strbuf_add_lines(&msg, "# ", comment, strlen(comment));
+		strbuf_commented_addf(&msg, _(merge_editor_comment), comment_line_char);
 	write_merge_msg(&msg);
-	run_hook(get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
-		 git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL, NULL);
+	if (run_commit_hook(0 < option_edit, get_index_file(), "prepare-commit-msg",
+			    git_path("MERGE_MSG"), "merge", NULL))
+		abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
 	if (0 < option_edit) {
 		if (launch_editor(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), NULL, NULL))
-			abort_commit(NULL);
+			abort_commit(remoteheads, NULL);
 	}
 	read_merge_msg(&msg);
 	stripspace(&msg, 0 < option_edit);
 	if (!msg.len)
-		abort_commit(_("Empty commit message."));
+		abort_commit(remoteheads, _("Empty commit message."));
 	strbuf_release(&merge_msg);
 	strbuf_addbuf(&merge_msg, &msg);
 	strbuf_release(&msg);
 }
 
-static int merge_trivial(struct commit *head)
+static int merge_trivial(struct commit *head, struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	unsigned char result_tree[20], result_commit[20];
-	struct commit_list *parent = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent));
+	struct commit_list *parents, **pptr = &parents;
 
 	write_tree_trivial(result_tree);
 	printf(_("Wonderful.\n"));
-	parent->item = head;
-	parent->next = xmalloc(sizeof(*parent->next));
-	parent->next->item = remoteheads->item;
-	parent->next->next = NULL;
-	prepare_to_commit();
-	if (commit_tree(&merge_msg, result_tree, parent, result_commit, NULL,
-			sign_commit))
+	pptr = commit_list_append(head, pptr);
+	pptr = commit_list_append(remoteheads->item, pptr);
+	prepare_to_commit(remoteheads);
+	if (commit_tree(merge_msg.buf, merge_msg.len, result_tree, parents,
+			result_commit, NULL, sign_commit))
 		die(_("failed to write commit object"));
-	finish(head, result_commit, "In-index merge");
+	finish(head, remoteheads, result_commit, "In-index merge");
 	drop_save();
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int finish_automerge(struct commit *head,
+			    int head_subsumed,
 			    struct commit_list *common,
+			    struct commit_list *remoteheads,
 			    unsigned char *result_tree,
 			    const char *wt_strategy)
 {
-	struct commit_list *parents = NULL, *j;
+	struct commit_list *parents = NULL;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	unsigned char result_commit[20];
 
 	free_commit_list(common);
-	if (allow_fast_forward) {
-		parents = remoteheads;
+	parents = remoteheads;
+	if (!head_subsumed || fast_forward == FF_NO)
 		commit_list_insert(head, &parents);
-		parents = reduce_heads(parents);
-	} else {
-		struct commit_list **pptr = &parents;
-
-		pptr = &commit_list_insert(head,
-				pptr)->next;
-		for (j = remoteheads; j; j = j->next)
-			pptr = &commit_list_insert(j->item, pptr)->next;
-	}
 	strbuf_addch(&merge_msg, '\n');
-	prepare_to_commit();
-	free_commit_list(remoteheads);
-	if (commit_tree(&merge_msg, result_tree, parents, result_commit,
-			NULL, sign_commit))
+	prepare_to_commit(remoteheads);
+	if (commit_tree(merge_msg.buf, merge_msg.len, result_tree, parents,
+			result_commit, NULL, sign_commit))
 		die(_("failed to write commit object"));
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "Merge made by the '%s' strategy.", wt_strategy);
-	finish(head, result_commit, buf.buf);
+	finish(head, remoteheads, result_commit, buf.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	drop_save();
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int suggest_conflicts(int renormalizing)
+static int suggest_conflicts(void)
 {
 	const char *filename;
 	FILE *fp;
-	int pos;
+	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	filename = git_path("MERGE_MSG");
 	fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 	if (!fp)
 		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
-	fprintf(fp, "\nConflicts:\n");
-	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
-
-		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
-			fprintf(fp, "\t%s\n", ce->name);
-			while (pos + 1 < active_nr &&
-					!strcmp(ce->name,
-						active_cache[pos + 1]->name))
-				pos++;
-		}
-	}
+
+	append_conflicts_hint(&msgbuf);
+	fputs(msgbuf.buf, fp);
+	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
 	fclose(fp);
 	rerere(allow_rerere_auto);
 	printf(_("Automatic merge failed; "
@@ -1042,7 +944,7 @@ static int evaluate_result(void)
 }
 
 /*
- * Pretend as if the user told us to merge with the tracking
+ * Pretend as if the user told us to merge with the remote-tracking
  * branch we have for the upstream of the current branch
  */
 static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
@@ -1061,7 +963,7 @@ static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
 	args = xcalloc(branch->merge_nr + 1, sizeof(char *));
 	for (i = 0; i < branch->merge_nr; i++) {
 		if (!branch->merge[i]->dst)
-			die(_("No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"),
+			die(_("No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"),
 			    branch->merge[i]->src, branch->remote_name);
 		args[i] = branch->merge[i]->dst;
 	}
@@ -1070,7 +972,7 @@ static int setup_with_upstream(const char ***argv)
 	return i;
 }
 
-static void write_merge_state(void)
+static void write_merge_state(struct commit_list *remoteheads)
 {
 	const char *filename;
 	int fd;
@@ -1102,7 +1004,7 @@ static void write_merge_state(void)
 	if (fd < 0)
 		die_errno(_("Could not open '%s' for writing"), filename);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
-	if (!allow_fast_forward)
+	if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "no-ff");
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len)
 		die_errno(_("Could not write to '%s'"), filename);
@@ -1135,6 +1037,40 @@ static int default_edit_option(void)
 		st_stdin.st_mode == st_stdout.st_mode);
 }
 
+static struct commit_list *collect_parents(struct commit *head_commit,
+					   int *head_subsumed,
+					   int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct commit_list *remoteheads = NULL, *parents, *next;
+	struct commit_list **remotes = &remoteheads;
+
+	if (head_commit)
+		remotes = &commit_list_insert(head_commit, remotes)->next;
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		struct commit *commit = get_merge_parent(argv[i]);
+		if (!commit)
+			help_unknown_ref(argv[i], "merge",
+					 "not something we can merge");
+		remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+	}
+	*remotes = NULL;
+
+	parents = reduce_heads(remoteheads);
+
+	*head_subsumed = 1; /* we will flip this to 0 when we find it */
+	for (remoteheads = NULL, remotes = &remoteheads;
+	     parents;
+	     parents = next) {
+		struct commit *commit = parents->item;
+		next = parents->next;
+		if (commit == head_commit)
+			*head_subsumed = 0;
+		else
+			remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+	}
+	return remoteheads;
+}
 
 int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
@@ -1144,11 +1080,11 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct commit *head_commit;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *head_arg;
-	int flag, i, ret = 0;
+	int flag, i, ret = 0, head_subsumed;
 	int best_cnt = -1, merge_was_ok = 0, automerge_was_ok = 0;
 	struct commit_list *common = NULL;
 	const char *best_strategy = NULL, *wt_strategy = NULL;
-	struct commit_list **remotes = &remoteheads;
+	struct commit_list *remoteheads, *p;
 	void *branch_to_free;
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
@@ -1158,8 +1094,8 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * Check if we are _not_ on a detached HEAD, i.e. if there is a
 	 * current branch.
 	 */
-	branch = branch_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, &flag);
-	if (branch && !prefixcmp(branch, "refs/heads/"))
+	branch = branch_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, head_sha1, &flag);
+	if (branch && starts_with(branch, "refs/heads/"))
 		branch += 11;
 	if (!branch || is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
 		head_commit = NULL;
@@ -1200,14 +1136,14 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 */
 		if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 			die(_("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
-				  "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."));
+				  "Please, commit your changes before you merge."));
 		else
 			die(_("You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."));
 	}
 	if (file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"))) {
 		if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 			die(_("You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
-			    "Please, commit your changes before you can merge."));
+			    "Please, commit your changes before you merge."));
 		else
 			die(_("You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."));
 	}
@@ -1217,14 +1153,11 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		show_diffstat = 0;
 
 	if (squash) {
-		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+		if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 			die(_("You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."));
 		option_commit = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!allow_fast_forward && fast_forward_only)
-		die(_("You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."));
-
 	if (!abort_current_merge) {
 		if (!argc) {
 			if (default_to_upstream)
@@ -1242,7 +1175,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and
 	 * the way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD,
 	 * but some people might have misused the interface and used a
-	 * committish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
+	 * commit-ish that is the same as HEAD there instead.
 	 * Traditional format never would have "-m" so it is an
 	 * additional safety measure to check for it.
 	 */
@@ -1253,6 +1186,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		head_arg = argv[1];
 		argv += 2;
 		argc -= 2;
+		remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed, argc, argv);
 	} else if (!head_commit) {
 		struct commit *remote_head;
 		/*
@@ -1265,15 +1199,16 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				"empty head"));
 		if (squash)
 			die(_("Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"));
-		if (!allow_fast_forward)
+		if (fast_forward == FF_NO)
 			die(_("Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into "
 			    "an empty head"));
-		remote_head = get_merge_parent(argv[0]);
+		remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed, argc, argv);
+		remote_head = remoteheads->item;
 		if (!remote_head)
 			die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[0]);
 		read_empty(remote_head->object.sha1, 0);
 		update_ref("initial pull", "HEAD", remote_head->object.sha1,
-			   NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			   NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 		goto done;
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf merge_names = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -1286,14 +1221,16 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 * the standard merge summary message to be appended
 		 * to the given message.
 		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
-			merge_name(argv[i], &merge_names);
+		remoteheads = collect_parents(head_commit, &head_subsumed, argc, argv);
+		for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next)
+			merge_name(merge_remote_util(p->item)->name, &merge_names);
 
 		if (!have_message || shortlog_len) {
 			struct fmt_merge_msg_opts opts;
 			memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 			opts.add_title = !have_message;
 			opts.shortlog_len = shortlog_len;
+			opts.credit_people = (0 < option_edit);
 
 			fmt_merge_msg(&merge_names, &merge_msg, &opts);
 			if (merge_msg.len)
@@ -1305,36 +1242,62 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_merge_usage,
 			builtin_merge_options);
 
+	if (verify_signatures) {
+		for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next) {
+			struct commit *commit = p->item;
+			char hex[41];
+			struct signature_check signature_check;
+			memset(&signature_check, 0, sizeof(signature_check));
+
+			check_commit_signature(commit, &signature_check);
+
+			strcpy(hex, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+			switch (signature_check.result) {
+			case 'G':
+				break;
+			case 'U':
+				die(_("Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, "
+				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+			case 'B':
+				die(_("Commit %s has a bad GPG signature "
+				      "allegedly by %s."), hex, signature_check.signer);
+			default: /* 'N' */
+				die(_("Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."), hex);
+			}
+			if (verbosity >= 0 && signature_check.result == 'G')
+				printf(_("Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"),
+				       hex, signature_check.signer);
+
+			signature_check_clear(&signature_check);
+		}
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "merge");
-	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", argv[i]);
+	for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next)
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, " %s", merge_remote_util(p->item)->name);
 	setenv("GIT_REFLOG_ACTION", buf.buf, 0);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-		struct commit *commit = get_merge_parent(argv[i]);
-		if (!commit)
-			die(_("%s - not something we can merge"), argv[i]);
-		remotes = &commit_list_insert(commit, remotes)->next;
+	for (p = remoteheads; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *commit = p->item;
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "GITHEAD_%s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-		setenv(buf.buf, argv[i], 1);
+		setenv(buf.buf, merge_remote_util(commit)->name, 1);
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
-		if (!fast_forward_only &&
+		if (fast_forward != FF_ONLY &&
 		    merge_remote_util(commit) &&
 		    merge_remote_util(commit)->obj &&
-		    merge_remote_util(commit)->obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			if (option_edit < 0)
-				option_edit = 1;
-			allow_fast_forward = 0;
-		}
+		    merge_remote_util(commit)->obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
+			fast_forward = FF_NO;
 	}
 
 	if (option_edit < 0)
 		option_edit = default_edit_option();
 
 	if (!use_strategies) {
-		if (!remoteheads->next)
+		if (!remoteheads)
+			; /* already up-to-date */
+		else if (!remoteheads->next)
 			add_strategies(pull_twohead, DEFAULT_TWOHEAD);
 		else
 			add_strategies(pull_octopus, DEFAULT_OCTOPUS);
@@ -1342,13 +1305,15 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < use_strategies_nr; i++) {
 		if (use_strategies[i]->attr & NO_FAST_FORWARD)
-			allow_fast_forward = 0;
+			fast_forward = FF_NO;
 		if (use_strategies[i]->attr & NO_TRIVIAL)
 			allow_trivial = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!remoteheads->next)
-		common = get_merge_bases(head_commit, remoteheads->item, 1);
+	if (!remoteheads)
+		; /* already up-to-date */
+	else if (!remoteheads->next)
+		common = get_merge_bases(head_commit, remoteheads->item);
 	else {
 		struct commit_list *list = remoteheads;
 		commit_list_insert(head_commit, &list);
@@ -1357,19 +1322,20 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 
 	update_ref("updating ORIG_HEAD", "ORIG_HEAD", head_commit->object.sha1,
-		   NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+		   NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 
-	if (!common)
+	if (remoteheads && !common)
 		; /* No common ancestors found. We need a real merge. */
-	else if (!remoteheads->next && !common->next &&
-			common->item == remoteheads->item) {
+	else if (!remoteheads ||
+		 (!remoteheads->next && !common->next &&
+		  common->item == remoteheads->item)) {
 		/*
 		 * If head can reach all the merge then we are up to date.
 		 * but first the most common case of merging one remote.
 		 */
 		finish_up_to_date("Already up-to-date.");
 		goto done;
-	} else if (allow_fast_forward && !remoteheads->next &&
+	} else if (fast_forward != FF_NO && !remoteheads->next &&
 			!common->next &&
 			!hashcmp(common->item->object.sha1, head_commit->object.sha1)) {
 		/* Again the most common case of merging one remote. */
@@ -1395,12 +1361,13 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 
 		if (checkout_fast_forward(head_commit->object.sha1,
-					  commit->object.sha1)) {
+					  commit->object.sha1,
+					  overwrite_ignore)) {
 			ret = 1;
 			goto done;
 		}
 
-		finish(head_commit, commit->object.sha1, msg.buf);
+		finish(head_commit, remoteheads, commit->object.sha1, msg.buf);
 		drop_save();
 		goto done;
 	} else if (!remoteheads->next && common->next)
@@ -1415,14 +1382,14 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		 * only one common.
 		 */
 		refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
-		if (allow_trivial && !fast_forward_only) {
+		if (allow_trivial && fast_forward != FF_ONLY) {
 			/* See if it is really trivial. */
-			git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+			git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
 			printf(_("Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"));
 			if (!read_tree_trivial(common->item->object.sha1,
 					       head_commit->object.sha1,
 					       remoteheads->item->object.sha1)) {
-				ret = merge_trivial(head_commit);
+				ret = merge_trivial(head_commit, remoteheads);
 				goto done;
 			}
 			printf(_("Nope.\n"));
@@ -1443,7 +1410,7 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			 * merge_bases again, otherwise "git merge HEAD^
 			 * HEAD^^" would be missed.
 			 */
-			common_one = get_merge_bases(head_commit, j->item, 1);
+			common_one = get_merge_bases(head_commit, j->item);
 			if (hashcmp(common_one->item->object.sha1,
 				j->item->object.sha1)) {
 				up_to_date = 0;
@@ -1456,11 +1423,11 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (fast_forward_only)
+	if (fast_forward == FF_ONLY)
 		die(_("Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."));
 
 	/* We are going to make a new commit. */
-	git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+	git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT);
 
 	/*
 	 * At this point, we need a real merge.  No matter what strategy
@@ -1493,7 +1460,8 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		wt_strategy = use_strategies[i]->name;
 
 		ret = try_merge_strategy(use_strategies[i]->name,
-					 common, head_commit, head_arg);
+					 common, remoteheads,
+					 head_commit, head_arg);
 		if (!option_commit && !ret) {
 			merge_was_ok = 1;
 			/*
@@ -1535,8 +1503,9 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * auto resolved the merge cleanly.
 	 */
 	if (automerge_was_ok) {
-		ret = finish_automerge(head_commit, common, result_tree,
-				       wt_strategy);
+		ret = finish_automerge(head_commit, head_subsumed,
+				       common, remoteheads,
+				       result_tree, wt_strategy);
 		goto done;
 	}
 
@@ -1561,19 +1530,20 @@ int cmd_merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		restore_state(head_commit->object.sha1, stash);
 		printf(_("Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"),
 			best_strategy);
-		try_merge_strategy(best_strategy, common, head_commit, head_arg);
+		try_merge_strategy(best_strategy, common, remoteheads,
+				   head_commit, head_arg);
 	}
 
 	if (squash)
-		finish(head_commit, NULL, NULL);
+		finish(head_commit, remoteheads, NULL, NULL);
 	else
-		write_merge_state();
+		write_merge_state(remoteheads);
 
 	if (merge_was_ok)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Automatic merge went well; "
 			"stopped before committing as requested\n"));
 	else
-		ret = suggest_conflicts(option_renormalize);
+		ret = suggest_conflicts();
 
 done:
 	free(branch_to_free);
diff --git a/builtin/mktree.c b/builtin/mktree.c
index 4ae1c412d4..a964d6be52 100644
--- a/builtin/mktree.c
+++ b/builtin/mktree.c
@@ -23,10 +23,7 @@ static void append_to_tree(unsigned mode, unsigned char *sha1, char *path)
 	if (strchr(path, '/'))
 		die("path %s contains slash", path);
 
-	if (alloc <= used) {
-		alloc = alloc_nr(used);
-		entries = xrealloc(entries, sizeof(*entries) * alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(entries, used + 1, alloc);
 	ent = entries[used++] = xmalloc(sizeof(**entries) + len + 1);
 	ent->mode = mode;
 	ent->len = len;
@@ -64,7 +61,7 @@ static void write_tree(unsigned char *sha1)
 }
 
 static const char *mktree_usage[] = {
-	"git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]",
+	N_("git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -150,9 +147,9 @@ int cmd_mktree(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	int got_eof = 0;
 
 	const struct option option[] = {
-		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination, "input is NUL terminated", '\0'),
-		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "missing", &allow_missing, "allow missing objects", 1),
-		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "batch", &is_batch_mode, "allow creation of more than one tree", 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination, N_("input is NUL terminated"), '\0'),
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "missing", &allow_missing, N_("allow missing objects"), 1),
+		OPT_SET_INT( 0 , "batch", &is_batch_mode, N_("allow creation of more than one tree"), 1),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/mv.c b/builtin/mv.c
index 2a144b011c..d1d43168ae 100644
--- a/builtin/mv.c
+++ b/builtin/mv.c
@@ -3,20 +3,25 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2006 Johannes Schindelin
  */
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_mv_usage[] = {
-	"git mv [options] <source>... <destination>",
+	N_("git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static const char **copy_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec,
-				  int count, int base_name)
+#define DUP_BASENAME 1
+#define KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH 2
+
+static const char **internal_copy_pathspec(const char *prefix,
+					   const char **pathspec,
+					   int count, unsigned flags)
 {
 	int i;
 	const char **result = xmalloc((count + 1) * sizeof(const char *));
@@ -25,11 +30,12 @@ static const char **copy_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec,
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 		int length = strlen(result[i]);
 		int to_copy = length;
-		while (to_copy > 0 && is_dir_sep(result[i][to_copy - 1]))
+		while (!(flags & KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH) &&
+		       to_copy > 0 && is_dir_sep(result[i][to_copy - 1]))
 			to_copy--;
-		if (to_copy != length || base_name) {
+		if (to_copy != length || flags & DUP_BASENAME) {
 			char *it = xmemdupz(result[i], to_copy);
-			if (base_name) {
+			if (flags & DUP_BASENAME) {
 				result[i] = xstrdup(basename(it));
 				free(it);
 			} else
@@ -53,23 +59,65 @@ static const char *add_slash(const char *path)
 }
 
 static struct lock_file lock_file;
+#define SUBMODULE_WITH_GITDIR ((const char *)1)
+
+static void prepare_move_submodule(const char *src, int first,
+				   const char **submodule_gitfile)
+{
+	struct strbuf submodule_dotgit = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (!S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[first]->ce_mode))
+		die(_("Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"), src);
+	if (!is_staging_gitmodules_ok())
+		die(_("Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"));
+	strbuf_addf(&submodule_dotgit, "%s/.git", src);
+	*submodule_gitfile = read_gitfile(submodule_dotgit.buf);
+	if (*submodule_gitfile)
+		*submodule_gitfile = xstrdup(*submodule_gitfile);
+	else
+		*submodule_gitfile = SUBMODULE_WITH_GITDIR;
+	strbuf_release(&submodule_dotgit);
+}
+
+static int index_range_of_same_dir(const char *src, int length,
+				   int *first_p, int *last_p)
+{
+	const char *src_w_slash = add_slash(src);
+	int first, last, len_w_slash = length + 1;
+
+	first = cache_name_pos(src_w_slash, len_w_slash);
+	if (first >= 0)
+		die(_("%.*s is in index"), len_w_slash, src_w_slash);
+
+	first = -1 - first;
+	for (last = first; last < active_nr; last++) {
+		const char *path = active_cache[last]->name;
+		if (strncmp(path, src_w_slash, len_w_slash))
+			break;
+	}
+	if (src_w_slash != src)
+		free((char *)src_w_slash);
+	*first_p = first;
+	*last_p = last;
+	return last - first;
+}
 
 int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, newfd;
+	int i, gitmodules_modified = 0;
 	int verbose = 0, show_only = 0, force = 0, ignore_errors = 0;
 	struct option builtin_mv_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose"),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "force move/rename even if target exists"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, "skip move/rename errors"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("force move/rename even if target exists")),
+		OPT_BOOL('k', NULL, &ignore_errors, N_("skip move/rename errors")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
-	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path;
+	const char **source, **destination, **dest_path, **submodule_gitfile;
 	enum update_mode { BOTH = 0, WORKING_DIRECTORY, INDEX } *modes;
 	struct stat st;
 	struct string_list src_for_dst = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_mv_options,
@@ -77,24 +125,30 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (--argc < 1)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_mv_usage, builtin_mv_options);
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
-	source = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv, argc, 0);
+	source = internal_copy_pathspec(prefix, argv, argc, 0);
 	modes = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(enum update_mode));
-	dest_path = copy_pathspec(prefix, argv + argc, 1, 0);
+	/*
+	 * Keep trailing slash, needed to let
+	 * "git mv file no-such-dir/" error out.
+	 */
+	dest_path = internal_copy_pathspec(prefix, argv + argc, 1,
+					   KEEP_TRAILING_SLASH);
+	submodule_gitfile = xcalloc(argc, sizeof(char *));
 
 	if (dest_path[0][0] == '\0')
 		/* special case: "." was normalized to "" */
-		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
+		destination = internal_copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, DUP_BASENAME);
 	else if (!lstat(dest_path[0], &st) &&
 			S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
 		dest_path[0] = add_slash(dest_path[0]);
-		destination = copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, 1);
+		destination = internal_copy_pathspec(dest_path[0], argv, argc, DUP_BASENAME);
 	} else {
 		if (argc != 1)
-			die("destination '%s' is not a directory", dest_path[0]);
+			die(_("destination '%s' is not a directory"), dest_path[0]);
 		destination = dest_path;
 	}
 
@@ -117,59 +171,41 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				&& lstat(dst, &st) == 0)
 			bad = _("cannot move directory over file");
 		else if (src_is_dir) {
-			const char *src_w_slash = add_slash(src);
-			int len_w_slash = length + 1;
-			int first, last;
-
-			modes[i] = WORKING_DIRECTORY;
+			int first = cache_name_pos(src, length), last;
 
-			first = cache_name_pos(src_w_slash, len_w_slash);
 			if (first >= 0)
-				die (_("Huh? %.*s is in index?"),
-						len_w_slash, src_w_slash);
-
-			first = -1 - first;
-			for (last = first; last < active_nr; last++) {
-				const char *path = active_cache[last]->name;
-				if (strncmp(path, src_w_slash, len_w_slash))
-					break;
-			}
-			free((char *)src_w_slash);
-
-			if (last - first < 1)
+				prepare_move_submodule(src, first,
+						       submodule_gitfile + i);
+			else if (index_range_of_same_dir(src, length,
+							 &first, &last) < 1)
 				bad = _("source directory is empty");
-			else {
-				int j, dst_len;
-
-				if (last - first > 0) {
-					source = xrealloc(source,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(char *));
-					destination = xrealloc(destination,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(char *));
-					modes = xrealloc(modes,
-							(argc + last - first)
-							* sizeof(enum update_mode));
-				}
+			else { /* last - first >= 1 */
+				int j, dst_len, n;
+
+				modes[i] = WORKING_DIRECTORY;
+				n = argc + last - first;
+				REALLOC_ARRAY(source, n);
+				REALLOC_ARRAY(destination, n);
+				REALLOC_ARRAY(modes, n);
+				REALLOC_ARRAY(submodule_gitfile, n);
 
 				dst = add_slash(dst);
 				dst_len = strlen(dst);
 
 				for (j = 0; j < last - first; j++) {
-					const char *path =
-						active_cache[first + j]->name;
+					const char *path = active_cache[first + j]->name;
 					source[argc + j] = path;
 					destination[argc + j] =
-						prefix_path(dst, dst_len,
-							path + length + 1);
+						prefix_path(dst, dst_len, path + length + 1);
 					modes[argc + j] = INDEX;
+					submodule_gitfile[argc + j] = NULL;
 				}
 				argc += last - first;
 			}
 		} else if (cache_name_pos(src, length) < 0)
 			bad = _("not under version control");
-		else if (lstat(dst, &st) == 0) {
+		else if (lstat(dst, &st) == 0 &&
+			 (!ignore_case || strcasecmp(src, dst))) {
 			bad = _("destination exists");
 			if (force) {
 				/*
@@ -185,22 +221,27 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 		} else if (string_list_has_string(&src_for_dst, dst))
 			bad = _("multiple sources for the same target");
+		else if (is_dir_sep(dst[strlen(dst) - 1]))
+			bad = _("destination directory does not exist");
 		else
 			string_list_insert(&src_for_dst, dst);
 
-		if (bad) {
-			if (ignore_errors) {
-				if (--argc > 0) {
-					memmove(source + i, source + i + 1,
-						(argc - i) * sizeof(char *));
-					memmove(destination + i,
-						destination + i + 1,
-						(argc - i) * sizeof(char *));
-					i--;
-				}
-			} else
-				die (_("%s, source=%s, destination=%s"),
-				     bad, src, dst);
+		if (!bad)
+			continue;
+		if (!ignore_errors)
+			die(_("%s, source=%s, destination=%s"),
+			     bad, src, dst);
+		if (--argc > 0) {
+			int n = argc - i;
+			memmove(source + i, source + i + 1,
+				n * sizeof(char *));
+			memmove(destination + i, destination + i + 1,
+				n * sizeof(char *));
+			memmove(modes + i, modes + i + 1,
+				n * sizeof(enum update_mode));
+			memmove(submodule_gitfile + i, submodule_gitfile + i + 1,
+				n * sizeof(char *));
+			i--;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -210,9 +251,16 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		int pos;
 		if (show_only || verbose)
 			printf(_("Renaming %s to %s\n"), src, dst);
-		if (!show_only && mode != INDEX &&
-				rename(src, dst) < 0 && !ignore_errors)
-			die_errno (_("renaming '%s' failed"), src);
+		if (!show_only && mode != INDEX) {
+			if (rename(src, dst) < 0 && !ignore_errors)
+				die_errno(_("renaming '%s' failed"), src);
+			if (submodule_gitfile[i]) {
+				if (submodule_gitfile[i] != SUBMODULE_WITH_GITDIR)
+					connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(dst, submodule_gitfile[i]);
+				if (!update_path_in_gitmodules(src, dst))
+					gitmodules_modified = 1;
+			}
+		}
 
 		if (mode == WORKING_DIRECTORY)
 			continue;
@@ -223,11 +271,12 @@ int cmd_mv(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			rename_cache_entry_at(pos, dst);
 	}
 
-	if (active_cache_changed) {
-		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
-			die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
-	}
+	if (gitmodules_modified)
+		stage_updated_gitmodules();
+
+	if (active_cache_changed &&
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/name-rev.c b/builtin/name-rev.c
index 1b374583c2..9736d4452f 100644
--- a/builtin/name-rev.c
+++ b/builtin/name-rev.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
 
 #define CUTOFF_DATE_SLOP 86400 /* one day */
 
@@ -26,17 +27,13 @@ static void name_rev(struct commit *commit,
 	struct commit_list *parents;
 	int parent_number = 1;
 
-	if (!commit->object.parsed)
-		parse_commit(commit);
+	parse_commit(commit);
 
 	if (commit->date < cutoff)
 		return;
 
 	if (deref) {
-		char *new_name = xmalloc(strlen(tip_name)+3);
-		strcpy(new_name, tip_name);
-		strcat(new_name, "^0");
-		tip_name = new_name;
+		tip_name = xstrfmt("%s^0", tip_name);
 
 		if (generation)
 			die("generation: %d, but deref?", generation);
@@ -82,23 +79,88 @@ copy_data:
 	}
 }
 
+static int subpath_matches(const char *path, const char *filter)
+{
+	const char *subpath = path;
+
+	while (subpath) {
+		if (!wildmatch(filter, subpath, 0, NULL))
+			return subpath - path;
+		subpath = strchr(subpath, '/');
+		if (subpath)
+			subpath++;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static const char *name_ref_abbrev(const char *refname, int shorten_unambiguous)
+{
+	if (shorten_unambiguous)
+		refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
+	else if (starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+		refname = refname + 11;
+	else if (starts_with(refname, "refs/"))
+		refname = refname + 5;
+	return refname;
+}
+
 struct name_ref_data {
 	int tags_only;
 	int name_only;
 	const char *ref_filter;
 };
 
+static struct tip_table {
+	struct tip_table_entry {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *refname;
+	} *table;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+	int sorted;
+} tip_table;
+
+static void add_to_tip_table(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *refname,
+			     int shorten_unambiguous)
+{
+	refname = name_ref_abbrev(refname, shorten_unambiguous);
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(tip_table.table, tip_table.nr + 1, tip_table.alloc);
+	hashcpy(tip_table.table[tip_table.nr].sha1, sha1);
+	tip_table.table[tip_table.nr].refname = xstrdup(refname);
+	tip_table.nr++;
+	tip_table.sorted = 0;
+}
+
+static int tipcmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct tip_table_entry *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	return hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
+}
+
 static int name_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
 	struct name_ref_data *data = cb_data;
+	int can_abbreviate_output = data->tags_only && data->name_only;
 	int deref = 0;
 
-	if (data->tags_only && prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/"))
+	if (data->tags_only && !starts_with(path, "refs/tags/"))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (data->ref_filter && fnmatch(data->ref_filter, path, 0))
-		return 0;
+	if (data->ref_filter) {
+		switch (subpath_matches(path, data->ref_filter)) {
+		case -1: /* did not match */
+			return 0;
+		case 0:  /* matched fully */
+			break;
+		default: /* matched subpath */
+			can_abbreviate_output = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	add_to_tip_table(sha1, path, can_abbreviate_output);
 
 	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
@@ -110,20 +172,38 @@ static int name_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void
 	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/heads/"))
-			path = path + 11;
-		else if (data->tags_only
-		    && data->name_only
-		    && !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/"))
-			path = path + 10;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/"))
-			path = path + 5;
-
+		path = name_ref_abbrev(path, can_abbreviate_output);
 		name_rev(commit, xstrdup(path), 0, 0, deref);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static const unsigned char *nth_tip_table_ent(size_t ix, void *table_)
+{
+	struct tip_table_entry *table = table_;
+	return table[ix].sha1;
+}
+
+static const char *get_exact_ref_match(const struct object *o)
+{
+	int found;
+
+	if (!tip_table.table || !tip_table.nr)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!tip_table.sorted) {
+		qsort(tip_table.table, tip_table.nr, sizeof(*tip_table.table),
+		      tipcmp);
+		tip_table.sorted = 1;
+	}
+
+	found = sha1_pos(o->sha1, tip_table.table, tip_table.nr,
+			 nth_tip_table_ent);
+	if (0 <= found)
+		return tip_table.table[found].refname;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 /* returns a static buffer */
 static const char *get_rev_name(const struct object *o)
 {
@@ -132,7 +212,7 @@ static const char *get_rev_name(const struct object *o)
 	struct commit *c;
 
 	if (o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
-		return NULL;
+		return get_exact_ref_match(o);
 	c = (struct commit *) o;
 	n = c->util;
 	if (!n)
@@ -172,9 +252,9 @@ static void show_name(const struct object *obj,
 }
 
 static char const * const name_rev_usage[] = {
-	"git name-rev [options] <commit>...",
-	"git name-rev [options] --all",
-	"git name-rev [options] --stdin",
+	N_("git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."),
+	N_("git name-rev [<options>] --all"),
+	N_("git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -223,25 +303,31 @@ static void name_rev_line(char *p, struct name_ref_data *data)
 int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct object_array revs = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0;
+	int all = 0, transform_stdin = 0, allow_undefined = 1, always = 0, peel_tag = 0;
 	struct name_ref_data data = { 0, 0, NULL };
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, "print only names (no SHA-1)"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, "only use tags to name the commits"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "refs", &data.ref_filter, "pattern",
-				   "only use refs matching <pattern>"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "name-only", &data.name_only, N_("print only names (no SHA-1)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &data.tags_only, N_("only use tags to name the commits")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "refs", &data.ref_filter, N_("pattern"),
+				   N_("only use refs matching <pattern>")),
 		OPT_GROUP(""),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "all", &all, "list all commits reachable from all refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, "read from stdin"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, "allow to print `undefined` names"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "always",     &always,
-			   "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "all", &all, N_("list all commits reachable from all refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &transform_stdin, N_("read from stdin")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "undefined", &allow_undefined, N_("allow to print `undefined` names (default)")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "always",     &always,
+			   N_("show abbreviated commit object as fallback")),
+		{
+			/* A Hidden OPT_BOOL */
+			OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "peel-tag", &peel_tag, NULL,
+			N_("dereference tags in the input (internal use)"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1,
+		},
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, name_rev_usage, 0);
-	if (!!all + !!transform_stdin + !!argc > 1) {
+	if (all + transform_stdin + !!argc > 1) {
 		error("Specify either a list, or --all, not both!");
 		usage_with_options(name_rev_usage, opts);
 	}
@@ -250,7 +336,7 @@ int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	for (; argc; argc--, argv++) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		struct object *o;
+		struct object *object;
 		struct commit *commit;
 
 		if (get_sha1(*argv, sha1)) {
@@ -259,17 +345,34 @@ int cmd_name_rev(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), *argv, 0);
-		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Could not get commit for %s. Skipping.\n",
+		commit = NULL;
+		object = parse_object(sha1);
+		if (object) {
+			struct object *peeled = deref_tag(object, *argv, 0);
+			if (peeled && peeled->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+				commit = (struct commit *)peeled;
+		}
+
+		if (!object) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Could not get object for %s. Skipping.\n",
 					*argv);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		commit = (struct commit *)o;
-		if (cutoff > commit->date)
-			cutoff = commit->date;
-		add_object_array((struct object *)commit, *argv, &revs);
+		if (commit) {
+			if (cutoff > commit->date)
+				cutoff = commit->date;
+		}
+
+		if (peel_tag) {
+			if (!commit) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Could not get commit for %s. Skipping.\n",
+					*argv);
+				continue;
+			}
+			object = (struct object *)commit;
+		}
+		add_object_array(object, *argv, &revs);
 	}
 
 	if (cutoff)
diff --git a/builtin/notes.c b/builtin/notes.c
index 3644d140ec..63f95fc554 100644
--- a/builtin/notes.c
+++ b/builtin/notes.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2010 Johan Herland <johan@herland.net>
  *
  * Based on git-notes.sh by Johannes Schindelin,
- * and builtin-tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg and Carlos Rica.
+ * and builtin/tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg and Carlos Rica.
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
@@ -18,88 +18,96 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "notes-merge.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
 
 static const char * const git_notes_usage[] = {
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] [list [<object>]]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] add [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] append [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] edit [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] show [<object>]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes_ref>",
-	"git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]",
-	"git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] remove [<object>...]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] prune [-n | -v]",
-	"git notes [--ref <notes_ref>] get-ref",
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"),
+	N_("git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"),
+	N_("git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"),
+	N_("git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_list_usage[] = {
-	"git notes [list [<object>]]",
+	N_("git notes [list [<object>]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_add_usage[] = {
-	"git notes add [<options>] [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_copy_usage[] = {
-	"git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>",
-	"git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]...",
+	N_("git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"),
+	N_("git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_append_usage[] = {
-	"git notes append [<options>] [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_edit_usage[] = {
-	"git notes edit [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes edit [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_show_usage[] = {
-	"git notes show [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes show [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_merge_usage[] = {
-	"git notes merge [<options>] <notes_ref>",
-	"git notes merge --commit [<options>]",
-	"git notes merge --abort [<options>]",
+	N_("git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"),
+	N_("git notes merge --commit [<options>]"),
+	N_("git notes merge --abort [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_remove_usage[] = {
-	"git notes remove [<object>]",
+	N_("git notes remove [<object>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_prune_usage[] = {
-	"git notes prune [<options>]",
+	N_("git notes prune [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const git_notes_get_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git notes get-ref",
+	N_("git notes get-ref"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char note_template[] =
-	"\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write/edit the notes for the following object:\n"
-	"#\n";
+	"\nWrite/edit the notes for the following object:\n";
 
-struct msg_arg {
+struct note_data {
 	int given;
 	int use_editor;
+	char *edit_path;
 	struct strbuf buf;
 };
 
+static void free_note_data(struct note_data *d)
+{
+	if (d->edit_path) {
+		unlink_or_warn(d->edit_path);
+		free(d->edit_path);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&d->buf);
+}
+
 static int list_each_note(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 		const unsigned char *note_sha1, char *note_path,
 		void *cb_data)
@@ -108,7 +116,7 @@ static int list_each_note(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void write_note_data(int fd, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static void copy_obj_to_fd(int fd, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
@@ -124,12 +132,11 @@ static void write_commented_object(int fd, const unsigned char *object)
 {
 	const char *show_args[5] =
 		{"show", "--stat", "--no-notes", sha1_to_hex(object), NULL};
-	struct child_process show;
+	struct child_process show = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	FILE *show_out;
+	struct strbuf cbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	/* Invoke "git show --stat --no-notes $object" */
-	memset(&show, 0, sizeof(show));
 	show.argv = show_args;
 	show.no_stdin = 1;
 	show.out = -1;
@@ -139,288 +146,139 @@ static void write_commented_object(int fd, const unsigned char *object)
 		die(_("unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(object));
 
-	/* Open the output as FILE* so strbuf_getline() can be used. */
-	show_out = xfdopen(show.out, "r");
-	if (show_out == NULL)
-		die_errno(_("can't fdopen 'show' output fd"));
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, show.out, 0) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("could not read 'show' output"));
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(&cbuf, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	write_or_die(fd, cbuf.buf, cbuf.len);
 
-	/* Prepend "# " to each output line and write result to 'fd' */
-	while (strbuf_getline(&buf, show_out, '\n') != EOF) {
-		write_or_die(fd, "# ", 2);
-		write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
-		write_or_die(fd, "\n", 1);
-	}
+	strbuf_release(&cbuf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	if (fclose(show_out))
-		die_errno(_("failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"),
-			  sha1_to_hex(object));
+
 	if (finish_command(&show))
 		die(_("failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(object));
 }
 
-static void create_note(const unsigned char *object, struct msg_arg *msg,
-			int append_only, const unsigned char *prev,
-			unsigned char *result)
+static void prepare_note_data(const unsigned char *object, struct note_data *d,
+		const unsigned char *old_note)
 {
-	char *path = NULL;
-
-	if (msg->use_editor || !msg->given) {
+	if (d->use_editor || !d->given) {
 		int fd;
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		/* write the template message before editing: */
-		path = git_pathdup("NOTES_EDITMSG");
-		fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
+		d->edit_path = git_pathdup("NOTES_EDITMSG");
+		fd = open(d->edit_path, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
 		if (fd < 0)
-			die_errno(_("could not create file '%s'"), path);
+			die_errno(_("could not create file '%s'"), d->edit_path);
+
+		if (d->given)
+			write_or_die(fd, d->buf.buf, d->buf.len);
+		else if (old_note)
+			copy_obj_to_fd(fd, old_note);
 
-		if (msg->given)
-			write_or_die(fd, msg->buf.buf, msg->buf.len);
-		else if (prev && !append_only)
-			write_note_data(fd, prev);
-		write_or_die(fd, note_template, strlen(note_template));
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, note_template, strlen(note_template));
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+		write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 
 		write_commented_object(fd, object);
 
 		close(fd);
-		strbuf_reset(&(msg->buf));
-
-		if (launch_editor(path, &(msg->buf), NULL)) {
-			die(_("Please supply the note contents using either -m" \
-			    " or -F option"));
-		}
-		stripspace(&(msg->buf), 1);
-	}
-
-	if (prev && append_only) {
-		/* Append buf to previous note contents */
-		unsigned long size;
-		enum object_type type;
-		char *prev_buf = read_sha1_file(prev, &type, &size);
-
-		strbuf_grow(&(msg->buf), size + 1);
-		if (msg->buf.len && prev_buf && size)
-			strbuf_insert(&(msg->buf), 0, "\n", 1);
-		if (prev_buf && size)
-			strbuf_insert(&(msg->buf), 0, prev_buf, size);
-		free(prev_buf);
-	}
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&d->buf);
 
-	if (!msg->buf.len) {
-		fprintf(stderr, _("Removing note for object %s\n"),
-			sha1_to_hex(object));
-		hashclr(result);
-	} else {
-		if (write_sha1_file(msg->buf.buf, msg->buf.len, blob_type, result)) {
-			error(_("unable to write note object"));
-			if (path)
-				error(_("The note contents has been left in %s"),
-				      path);
-			exit(128);
+		if (launch_editor(d->edit_path, &d->buf, NULL)) {
+			die(_("Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"));
 		}
+		stripspace(&d->buf, 1);
 	}
+}
 
-	if (path) {
-		unlink_or_warn(path);
-		free(path);
+static void write_note_data(struct note_data *d, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	if (write_sha1_file(d->buf.buf, d->buf.len, blob_type, sha1)) {
+		error(_("unable to write note object"));
+		if (d->edit_path)
+			error(_("The note contents have been left in %s"),
+				d->edit_path);
+		exit(128);
 	}
 }
 
 static int parse_msg_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct msg_arg *msg = opt->value;
+	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
 
-	strbuf_grow(&(msg->buf), strlen(arg) + 2);
-	if (msg->buf.len)
-		strbuf_addch(&(msg->buf), '\n');
-	strbuf_addstr(&(msg->buf), arg);
-	stripspace(&(msg->buf), 0);
+	strbuf_grow(&d->buf, strlen(arg) + 2);
+	if (d->buf.len)
+		strbuf_addch(&d->buf, '\n');
+	strbuf_addstr(&d->buf, arg);
+	stripspace(&d->buf, 0);
 
-	msg->given = 1;
+	d->given = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_file_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct msg_arg *msg = opt->value;
+	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
 
-	if (msg->buf.len)
-		strbuf_addch(&(msg->buf), '\n');
+	if (d->buf.len)
+		strbuf_addch(&d->buf, '\n');
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "-")) {
-		if (strbuf_read(&(msg->buf), 0, 1024) < 0)
+		if (strbuf_read(&d->buf, 0, 1024) < 0)
 			die_errno(_("cannot read '%s'"), arg);
-	} else if (strbuf_read_file(&(msg->buf), arg, 1024) < 0)
+	} else if (strbuf_read_file(&d->buf, arg, 1024) < 0)
 		die_errno(_("could not open or read '%s'"), arg);
-	stripspace(&(msg->buf), 0);
+	stripspace(&d->buf, 0);
 
-	msg->given = 1;
+	d->given = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_reuse_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct msg_arg *msg = opt->value;
+	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
 	char *buf;
 	unsigned char object[20];
 	enum object_type type;
 	unsigned long len;
 
-	if (msg->buf.len)
-		strbuf_addch(&(msg->buf), '\n');
+	if (d->buf.len)
+		strbuf_addch(&d->buf, '\n');
 
 	if (get_sha1(arg, object))
 		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), arg);
-	if (!(buf = read_sha1_file(object, &type, &len)) || !len) {
+	if (!(buf = read_sha1_file(object, &type, &len))) {
+		free(buf);
+		die(_("Failed to read object '%s'."), arg);
+	}
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(buf);
-		die(_("Failed to read object '%s'."), arg);;
+		die(_("Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."), arg);
 	}
-	strbuf_add(&(msg->buf), buf, len);
+	strbuf_add(&d->buf, buf, len);
 	free(buf);
 
-	msg->given = 1;
+	d->given = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_reedit_arg(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 {
-	struct msg_arg *msg = opt->value;
-	msg->use_editor = 1;
+	struct note_data *d = opt->value;
+	d->use_editor = 1;
 	return parse_reuse_arg(opt, arg, unset);
 }
 
-void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
-
-	if (!t)
-		t = &default_notes_tree;
-	if (!t->initialized || !t->ref || !*t->ref)
-		die(_("Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"));
-	if (!t->dirty)
-		return; /* don't have to commit an unchanged tree */
-
-	/* Prepare commit message and reflog message */
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, msg);
-	if (buf.buf[buf.len - 1] != '\n')
-		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n'); /* Make sure msg ends with newline */
-
-	create_notes_commit(t, NULL, &buf, commit_sha1);
-	strbuf_insert(&buf, 0, "notes: ", 7); /* commit message starts at index 7 */
-	update_ref(buf.buf, t->ref, commit_sha1, NULL, 0, DIE_ON_ERR);
-
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-}
-
-combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
-{
-	if (!strcasecmp(v, "overwrite"))
-		return combine_notes_overwrite;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "ignore"))
-		return combine_notes_ignore;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "concatenate"))
-		return combine_notes_concatenate;
-	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "cat_sort_uniq"))
-		return combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq;
-	else
-		return NULL;
-}
-
-static int notes_rewrite_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
-{
-	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = cb;
-	if (!prefixcmp(k, "notes.rewrite.") && !strcmp(k+14, c->cmd)) {
-		c->enabled = git_config_bool(k, v);
-		return 0;
-	} else if (!c->mode_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewritemode")) {
-		if (!v)
-			config_error_nonbool(k);
-		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(v);
-		if (!c->combine) {
-			error(_("Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"), v);
-			return 1;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	} else if (!c->refs_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewriteref")) {
-		/* note that a refs/ prefix is implied in the
-		 * underlying for_each_glob_ref */
-		if (!prefixcmp(v, "refs/notes/"))
-			string_list_add_refs_by_glob(c->refs, v);
-		else
-			warning(_("Refusing to rewrite notes in %s"
-				" (outside of refs/notes/)"), v);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-
-struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd)
-{
-	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = xmalloc(sizeof(struct notes_rewrite_cfg));
-	const char *rewrite_mode_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT);
-	const char *rewrite_refs_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
-	c->cmd = cmd;
-	c->enabled = 1;
-	c->combine = combine_notes_concatenate;
-	c->refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	c->refs->strdup_strings = 1;
-	c->refs_from_env = 0;
-	c->mode_from_env = 0;
-	if (rewrite_mode_env) {
-		c->mode_from_env = 1;
-		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(rewrite_mode_env);
-		if (!c->combine)
-			/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-			   environment variable, the second %s is its value */
-			error(_("Bad %s value: '%s'"), GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT,
-					rewrite_mode_env);
-	}
-	if (rewrite_refs_env) {
-		c->refs_from_env = 1;
-		string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(c->refs, rewrite_refs_env);
-	}
-	git_config(notes_rewrite_config, c);
-	if (!c->enabled || !c->refs->nr) {
-		string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
-		free(c->refs);
-		free(c);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	c->trees = load_notes_trees(c->refs);
-	string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
-	free(c->refs);
-	return c;
-}
-
-int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
-			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj)
-{
-	int ret = 0;
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++)
-		ret = copy_note(c->trees[i], from_obj, to_obj, 1, c->combine) || ret;
-	return ret;
-}
-
-void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++) {
-		commit_notes(c->trees[i], "Notes added by 'git notes copy'");
-		free_notes(c->trees[i]);
-	}
-	free(c->trees);
-	free(c);
-}
-
 static int notes_copy_from_stdin(int force, const char *rewrite_cmd)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = NULL;
 	struct notes_tree *t = NULL;
 	int ret = 0;
+	const char *msg = "Notes added by 'git notes copy'";
 
 	if (rewrite_cmd) {
 		c = init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(rewrite_cmd);
@@ -462,10 +320,10 @@ static int notes_copy_from_stdin(int force, const char *rewrite_cmd)
 	}
 
 	if (!rewrite_cmd) {
-		commit_notes(t, "Notes added by 'git notes copy'");
+		commit_notes(t, msg);
 		free_notes(t);
 	} else {
-		finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(c);
+		finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(c, msg);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -476,7 +334,7 @@ static struct notes_tree *init_notes_check(const char *subcommand)
 	init_notes(NULL, NULL, NULL, 0);
 	t = &default_notes_tree;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(t->ref, "refs/notes/"))
+	if (!starts_with(t->ref, "refs/notes/"))
 		die("Refusing to %s notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)",
 		    subcommand, t->ref);
 	return t;
@@ -523,27 +381,28 @@ static int append_edit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix);
 
 static int add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int retval = 0, force = 0;
+	int force = 0, allow_empty = 0;
 	const char *object_ref;
 	struct notes_tree *t;
 	unsigned char object[20], new_note[20];
-	char logmsg[100];
 	const unsigned char *note;
-	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, 0, STRBUF_INIT };
+	struct note_data d = { 0, 0, NULL, STRBUF_INIT };
 	struct option options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &msg, "msg",
-			"note contents as a string", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &d, N_("message"),
+			N_("note contents as a string"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_msg_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &msg, "file",
-			"note contents in a file", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &d, N_("file"),
+			N_("note contents in a file"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_file_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse and edit specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &d, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse and edit specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reedit_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &d, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reuse_arg},
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace existing notes"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty,
+			N_("allow storing empty note")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace existing notes")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -565,41 +424,44 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (note) {
 		if (!force) {
-			if (!msg.given) {
-				/*
-				 * Redirect to "edit" subcommand.
-				 *
-				 * We only end up here if none of -m/-F/-c/-C
-				 * or -f are given. The original args are
-				 * therefore still in argv[0-1].
-				 */
-				argv[0] = "edit";
-				free_notes(t);
-				return append_edit(argc, argv, prefix);
+			free_notes(t);
+			if (d.given) {
+				free_note_data(&d);
+				return error(_("Cannot add notes. "
+					"Found existing notes for object %s. "
+					"Use '-f' to overwrite existing notes"),
+					sha1_to_hex(object));
 			}
-			retval = error(_("Cannot add notes. Found existing notes "
-				       "for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
-				       "existing notes"), sha1_to_hex(object));
-			goto out;
+			/*
+			 * Redirect to "edit" subcommand.
+			 *
+			 * We only end up here if none of -m/-F/-c/-C or -f are
+			 * given. The original args are therefore still in
+			 * argv[0-1].
+			 */
+			argv[0] = "edit";
+			return append_edit(argc, argv, prefix);
 		}
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"),
 			sha1_to_hex(object));
 	}
 
-	create_note(object, &msg, 0, note, new_note);
-
-	if (is_null_sha1(new_note))
+	prepare_note_data(object, &d, note);
+	if (d.buf.len || allow_empty) {
+		write_note_data(&d, new_note);
+		if (add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
+			die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
+		commit_notes(t, "Notes added by 'git notes add'");
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Removing note for object %s\n"),
+			sha1_to_hex(object));
 		remove_note(t, object);
-	else if (add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
-		die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
+		commit_notes(t, "Notes removed by 'git notes add'");
+	}
 
-	snprintf(logmsg, sizeof(logmsg), "Notes %s by 'git notes %s'",
-		 is_null_sha1(new_note) ? "removed" : "added", "add");
-	commit_notes(t, logmsg);
-out:
+	free_note_data(&d);
 	free_notes(t);
-	strbuf_release(&(msg.buf));
-	return retval;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int copy(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
@@ -611,11 +473,11 @@ static int copy(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct notes_tree *t;
 	const char *rewrite_cmd = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace existing notes"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, "read objects from stdin"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "for-rewrite", &rewrite_cmd, "command",
-			   "load rewriting config for <command> (implies "
-			   "--stdin)"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace existing notes")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &from_stdin, N_("read objects from stdin")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "for-rewrite", &rewrite_cmd, N_("command"),
+			   N_("load rewriting config for <command> (implies "
+			      "--stdin)")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -680,26 +542,29 @@ out:
 
 static int append_edit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	int allow_empty = 0;
 	const char *object_ref;
 	struct notes_tree *t;
 	unsigned char object[20], new_note[20];
 	const unsigned char *note;
 	char logmsg[100];
 	const char * const *usage;
-	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, 0, STRBUF_INIT };
+	struct note_data d = { 0, 0, NULL, STRBUF_INIT };
 	struct option options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &msg, "msg",
-			"note contents as a string", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'm', "message", &d, N_("message"),
+			N_("note contents as a string"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_msg_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &msg, "file",
-			"note contents in a file", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'F', "file", &d, N_("file"),
+			N_("note contents in a file"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_file_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse and edit specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'c', "reedit-message", &d, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse and edit specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reedit_arg},
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &msg, "object",
-			"reuse specified note object", PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'C', "reuse-message", &d, N_("object"),
+			N_("reuse specified note object"), PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			parse_reuse_arg},
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &allow_empty,
+			N_("allow storing empty note")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	int edit = !strcmp(argv[0], "edit");
@@ -713,7 +578,7 @@ static int append_edit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage_with_options(usage, options);
 	}
 
-	if (msg.given && edit)
+	if (d.given && edit)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated "
 			"for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 			"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"));
@@ -726,18 +591,39 @@ static int append_edit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	t = init_notes_check(argv[0]);
 	note = get_note(t, object);
 
-	create_note(object, &msg, !edit, note, new_note);
+	prepare_note_data(object, &d, edit ? note : NULL);
 
-	if (is_null_sha1(new_note))
-		remove_note(t, object);
-	else if (add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
-		die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
+	if (note && !edit) {
+		/* Append buf to previous note contents */
+		unsigned long size;
+		enum object_type type;
+		char *prev_buf = read_sha1_file(note, &type, &size);
+
+		strbuf_grow(&d.buf, size + 1);
+		if (d.buf.len && prev_buf && size)
+			strbuf_insert(&d.buf, 0, "\n", 1);
+		if (prev_buf && size)
+			strbuf_insert(&d.buf, 0, prev_buf, size);
+		free(prev_buf);
+	}
 
-	snprintf(logmsg, sizeof(logmsg), "Notes %s by 'git notes %s'",
-		 is_null_sha1(new_note) ? "removed" : "added", argv[0]);
+	if (d.buf.len || allow_empty) {
+		write_note_data(&d, new_note);
+		if (add_note(t, object, new_note, combine_notes_overwrite))
+			die("BUG: combine_notes_overwrite failed");
+		snprintf(logmsg, sizeof(logmsg), "Notes added by 'git notes %s'",
+			argv[0]);
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, _("Removing note for object %s\n"),
+			sha1_to_hex(object));
+		remove_note(t, object);
+		snprintf(logmsg, sizeof(logmsg), "Notes removed by 'git notes %s'",
+			argv[0]);
+	}
 	commit_notes(t, logmsg);
+
+	free_note_data(&d);
 	free_notes(t);
-	strbuf_release(&(msg.buf));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -828,7 +714,7 @@ static int merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 	init_notes(t, "NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL", combine_notes_overwrite, 0);
 
 	o->local_ref = local_ref_to_free =
-		resolve_refdup("NOTES_MERGE_REF", sha1, 0, NULL);
+		resolve_refdup("NOTES_MERGE_REF", 0, sha1, NULL);
 	if (!o->local_ref)
 		die("Failed to resolve NOTES_MERGE_REF");
 
@@ -842,7 +728,7 @@ static int merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 	strbuf_insert(&msg, 0, "notes: ", 7);
 	update_ref(msg.buf, o->local_ref, sha1,
 		   is_null_sha1(parent_sha1) ? NULL : parent_sha1,
-		   0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+		   0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 
 	free_notes(t);
 	strbuf_release(&msg);
@@ -861,20 +747,20 @@ static int merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int verbosity = 0, result;
 	const char *strategy = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_GROUP("General options"),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("General options")),
 		OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-		OPT_GROUP("Merge options"),
-		OPT_STRING('s', "strategy", &strategy, "strategy",
-			   "resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
-			   "(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"),
-		OPT_GROUP("Committing unmerged notes"),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "commit", &do_commit, NULL,
-			"finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
-		OPT_GROUP("Aborting notes merge resolution"),
-		{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 0, "abort", &do_abort, NULL,
-			"abort notes merge",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG },
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Merge options")),
+		OPT_STRING('s', "strategy", &strategy, N_("strategy"),
+			   N_("resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
+			      "(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)")),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Committing unmerged notes")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "commit", &do_commit, NULL,
+			N_("finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1},
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Aborting notes merge resolution")),
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "abort", &do_abort, NULL,
+			N_("abort notes merge"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1},
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -937,11 +823,11 @@ static int merge(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (result >= 0) /* Merge resulted (trivially) in result_sha1 */
 		/* Update default notes ref with new commit */
 		update_ref(msg.buf, default_notes_ref(), result_sha1, NULL,
-			   0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			   0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 	else { /* Merge has unresolved conflicts */
 		/* Update .git/NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL with partial merge result */
 		update_ref(msg.buf, "NOTES_MERGE_PARTIAL", result_sha1, NULL,
-			   0, DIE_ON_ERR);
+			   0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 		/* Store ref-to-be-updated into .git/NOTES_MERGE_REF */
 		if (create_symref("NOTES_MERGE_REF", default_notes_ref(), NULL))
 			die("Failed to store link to current notes ref (%s)",
@@ -980,10 +866,10 @@ static int remove_cmd(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int from_stdin = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-missing", &flag,
-			"attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error",
+			N_("attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"),
 			IGNORE_MISSING),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stdin", &from_stdin,
-			    "read object names from the standard input"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdin", &from_stdin,
+			    N_("read object names from the standard input")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	struct notes_tree *t;
@@ -1064,8 +950,8 @@ int cmd_notes(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int result;
 	const char *override_notes_ref = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_STRING(0, "ref", &override_notes_ref, "notes_ref",
-			   "use notes from <notes_ref>"),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "ref", &override_notes_ref, N_("notes-ref"),
+			   N_("use notes from <notes-ref>")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 7b07c092cc..c3a75166bd 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -14,55 +14,36 @@
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
+#include "pack-objects.h"
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
+#include "pack-bitmap.h"
+#include "reachable.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char *pack_usage[] = {
-	"git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]",
-	"git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]",
+	N_("git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"),
+	N_("git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-struct object_entry {
-	struct pack_idx_entry idx;
-	unsigned long size;	/* uncompressed size */
-	struct packed_git *in_pack; 	/* already in pack */
-	off_t in_pack_offset;
-	struct object_entry *delta;	/* delta base object */
-	struct object_entry *delta_child; /* deltified objects who bases me */
-	struct object_entry *delta_sibling; /* other deltified objects who
-					     * uses the same base as me
-					     */
-	void *delta_data;	/* cached delta (uncompressed) */
-	unsigned long delta_size;	/* delta data size (uncompressed) */
-	unsigned long z_delta_size;	/* delta data size (compressed) */
-	unsigned int hash;	/* name hint hash */
-	enum object_type type;
-	enum object_type in_pack_type;	/* could be delta */
-	unsigned char in_pack_header_size;
-	unsigned char preferred_base; /* we do not pack this, but is available
-				       * to be used as the base object to delta
-				       * objects against.
-				       */
-	unsigned char no_try_delta;
-	unsigned char tagged; /* near the very tip of refs */
-	unsigned char filled; /* assigned write-order */
-};
-
 /*
- * Objects we are going to pack are collected in objects array (dynamically
- * expanded).  nr_objects & nr_alloc controls this array.  They are stored
- * in the order we see -- typically rev-list --objects order that gives us
- * nice "minimum seek" order.
+ * Objects we are going to pack are collected in the `to_pack` structure.
+ * It contains an array (dynamically expanded) of the object data, and a map
+ * that can resolve SHA1s to their position in the array.
  */
-static struct object_entry *objects;
+static struct packing_data to_pack;
+
 static struct pack_idx_entry **written_list;
-static uint32_t nr_objects, nr_alloc, nr_result, nr_written;
+static uint32_t nr_result, nr_written;
 
 static int non_empty;
 static int reuse_delta = 1, reuse_object = 1;
 static int keep_unreachable, unpack_unreachable, include_tag;
+static unsigned long unpack_unreachable_expiration;
 static int local;
 static int incremental;
 static int ignore_packed_keep;
@@ -80,6 +61,14 @@ static struct progress *progress_state;
 static int pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 static int pack_compression_seen;
 
+static struct packed_git *reuse_packfile;
+static uint32_t reuse_packfile_objects;
+static off_t reuse_packfile_offset;
+
+static int use_bitmap_index = 1;
+static int write_bitmap_index;
+static uint16_t write_bitmap_options;
+
 static unsigned long delta_cache_size = 0;
 static unsigned long max_delta_cache_size = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
 static unsigned long cache_max_small_delta_size = 1000;
@@ -87,20 +76,27 @@ static unsigned long cache_max_small_delta_size = 1000;
 static unsigned long window_memory_limit = 0;
 
 /*
- * The object names in objects array are hashed with this hashtable,
- * to help looking up the entry by object name.
- * This hashtable is built after all the objects are seen.
- */
-static int *object_ix;
-static int object_ix_hashsz;
-static struct object_entry *locate_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1);
-
-/*
  * stats
  */
 static uint32_t written, written_delta;
 static uint32_t reused, reused_delta;
 
+/*
+ * Indexed commits
+ */
+static struct commit **indexed_commits;
+static unsigned int indexed_commits_nr;
+static unsigned int indexed_commits_alloc;
+
+static void index_commit_for_bitmap(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (indexed_commits_nr >= indexed_commits_alloc) {
+		indexed_commits_alloc = (indexed_commits_alloc + 32) * 2;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(indexed_commits, indexed_commits_alloc);
+	}
+
+	indexed_commits[indexed_commits_nr++] = commit;
+}
 
 static void *get_delta(struct object_entry *entry)
 {
@@ -129,7 +125,6 @@ static unsigned long do_compress(void **pptr, unsigned long size)
 	void *in, *out;
 	unsigned long maxsize;
 
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_deflate_init(&stream, pack_compression_level);
 	maxsize = git_deflate_bound(&stream, size);
 
@@ -149,6 +144,45 @@ static unsigned long do_compress(void **pptr, unsigned long size)
 	return stream.total_out;
 }
 
+static unsigned long write_large_blob_data(struct git_istream *st, struct sha1file *f,
+					   const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	git_zstream stream;
+	unsigned char ibuf[1024 * 16];
+	unsigned char obuf[1024 * 16];
+	unsigned long olen = 0;
+
+	git_deflate_init(&stream, pack_compression_level);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		ssize_t readlen;
+		int zret = Z_OK;
+		readlen = read_istream(st, ibuf, sizeof(ibuf));
+		if (readlen == -1)
+			die(_("unable to read %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+		stream.next_in = ibuf;
+		stream.avail_in = readlen;
+		while ((stream.avail_in || readlen == 0) &&
+		       (zret == Z_OK || zret == Z_BUF_ERROR)) {
+			stream.next_out = obuf;
+			stream.avail_out = sizeof(obuf);
+			zret = git_deflate(&stream, readlen ? 0 : Z_FINISH);
+			sha1write(f, obuf, stream.next_out - obuf);
+			olen += stream.next_out - obuf;
+		}
+		if (stream.avail_in)
+			die(_("deflate error (%d)"), zret);
+		if (readlen == 0) {
+			if (zret != Z_STREAM_END)
+				die(_("deflate error (%d)"), zret);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	git_deflate_end(&stream);
+	return olen;
+}
+
 /*
  * we are going to reuse the existing object data as is.  make
  * sure it is not corrupt.
@@ -199,22 +233,198 @@ static void copy_pack_data(struct sha1file *f,
 }
 
 /* Return 0 if we will bust the pack-size limit */
-static unsigned long write_object(struct sha1file *f,
-				  struct object_entry *entry,
-				  off_t write_offset)
+static unsigned long write_no_reuse_object(struct sha1file *f, struct object_entry *entry,
+					   unsigned long limit, int usable_delta)
 {
-	unsigned long size, limit, datalen;
-	void *buf;
+	unsigned long size, datalen;
 	unsigned char header[10], dheader[10];
 	unsigned hdrlen;
 	enum object_type type;
+	void *buf;
+	struct git_istream *st = NULL;
+
+	if (!usable_delta) {
+		if (entry->type == OBJ_BLOB &&
+		    entry->size > big_file_threshold &&
+		    (st = open_istream(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size, NULL)) != NULL)
+			buf = NULL;
+		else {
+			buf = read_sha1_file(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size);
+			if (!buf)
+				die(_("unable to read %s"), sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+		}
+		/*
+		 * make sure no cached delta data remains from a
+		 * previous attempt before a pack split occurred.
+		 */
+		free(entry->delta_data);
+		entry->delta_data = NULL;
+		entry->z_delta_size = 0;
+	} else if (entry->delta_data) {
+		size = entry->delta_size;
+		buf = entry->delta_data;
+		entry->delta_data = NULL;
+		type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+			OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
+	} else {
+		buf = get_delta(entry);
+		size = entry->delta_size;
+		type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+			OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
+	}
+
+	if (st)	/* large blob case, just assume we don't compress well */
+		datalen = size;
+	else if (entry->z_delta_size)
+		datalen = entry->z_delta_size;
+	else
+		datalen = do_compress(&buf, size);
+
+	/*
+	 * The object header is a byte of 'type' followed by zero or
+	 * more bytes of length.
+	 */
+	hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(type, size, header);
+
+	if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+		/*
+		 * Deltas with relative base contain an additional
+		 * encoding of the relative offset for the delta
+		 * base from this object's position in the pack.
+		 */
+		off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
+		unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
+		dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
+		while (ofs >>= 7)
+			dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
+		if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			if (st)
+				close_istream(st);
+			free(buf);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+		sha1write(f, dheader + pos, sizeof(dheader) - pos);
+		hdrlen += sizeof(dheader) - pos;
+	} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		/*
+		 * Deltas with a base reference contain
+		 * an additional 20 bytes for the base sha1.
+		 */
+		if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			if (st)
+				close_istream(st);
+			free(buf);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+		sha1write(f, entry->delta->idx.sha1, 20);
+		hdrlen += 20;
+	} else {
+		if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			if (st)
+				close_istream(st);
+			free(buf);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+	}
+	if (st) {
+		datalen = write_large_blob_data(st, f, entry->idx.sha1);
+		close_istream(st);
+	} else {
+		sha1write(f, buf, datalen);
+		free(buf);
+	}
+
+	return hdrlen + datalen;
+}
+
+/* Return 0 if we will bust the pack-size limit */
+static unsigned long write_reuse_object(struct sha1file *f, struct object_entry *entry,
+					unsigned long limit, int usable_delta)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p = entry->in_pack;
+	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+	struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+	off_t offset;
+	enum object_type type = entry->type;
+	unsigned long datalen;
+	unsigned char header[10], dheader[10];
+	unsigned hdrlen;
+
+	if (entry->delta)
+		type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+			OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
+	hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(type, entry->size, header);
+
+	offset = entry->in_pack_offset;
+	revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, offset);
+	datalen = revidx[1].offset - offset;
+	if (!pack_to_stdout && p->index_version > 1 &&
+	    check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, offset, datalen, revidx->nr)) {
+		error("bad packed object CRC for %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+		unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+		return write_no_reuse_object(f, entry, limit, usable_delta);
+	}
+
+	offset += entry->in_pack_header_size;
+	datalen -= entry->in_pack_header_size;
+
+	if (!pack_to_stdout && p->index_version == 1 &&
+	    check_pack_inflate(p, &w_curs, offset, datalen, entry->size)) {
+		error("corrupt packed object for %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
+		unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+		return write_no_reuse_object(f, entry, limit, usable_delta);
+	}
+
+	if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+		off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
+		unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
+		dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
+		while (ofs >>= 7)
+			dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
+		if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+		sha1write(f, dheader + pos, sizeof(dheader) - pos);
+		hdrlen += sizeof(dheader) - pos;
+		reused_delta++;
+	} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+		sha1write(f, entry->delta->idx.sha1, 20);
+		hdrlen += 20;
+		reused_delta++;
+	} else {
+		if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
+			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
+	}
+	copy_pack_data(f, p, &w_curs, offset, datalen);
+	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+	reused++;
+	return hdrlen + datalen;
+}
+
+/* Return 0 if we will bust the pack-size limit */
+static unsigned long write_object(struct sha1file *f,
+				  struct object_entry *entry,
+				  off_t write_offset)
+{
+	unsigned long limit, len;
 	int usable_delta, to_reuse;
 
 	if (!pack_to_stdout)
 		crc32_begin(f);
 
-	type = entry->type;
-
 	/* apply size limit if limited packsize and not first object */
 	if (!pack_size_limit || !nr_written)
 		limit = 0;
@@ -242,11 +452,11 @@ static unsigned long write_object(struct sha1file *f,
 		to_reuse = 0;	/* explicit */
 	else if (!entry->in_pack)
 		to_reuse = 0;	/* can't reuse what we don't have */
-	else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA)
+	else if (entry->type == OBJ_REF_DELTA || entry->type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA)
 				/* check_object() decided it for us ... */
 		to_reuse = usable_delta;
 				/* ... but pack split may override that */
-	else if (type != entry->in_pack_type)
+	else if (entry->type != entry->in_pack_type)
 		to_reuse = 0;	/* pack has delta which is unusable */
 	else if (entry->delta)
 		to_reuse = 0;	/* we want to pack afresh */
@@ -255,153 +465,19 @@ static unsigned long write_object(struct sha1file *f,
 				 * and we do not need to deltify it.
 				 */
 
-	if (!to_reuse) {
-		no_reuse:
-		if (!usable_delta) {
-			buf = read_sha1_file(entry->idx.sha1, &type, &size);
-			if (!buf)
-				die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
-			/*
-			 * make sure no cached delta data remains from a
-			 * previous attempt before a pack split occurred.
-			 */
-			free(entry->delta_data);
-			entry->delta_data = NULL;
-			entry->z_delta_size = 0;
-		} else if (entry->delta_data) {
-			size = entry->delta_size;
-			buf = entry->delta_data;
-			entry->delta_data = NULL;
-			type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
-				OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
-		} else {
-			buf = get_delta(entry);
-			size = entry->delta_size;
-			type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
-				OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
-		}
-
-		if (entry->z_delta_size)
-			datalen = entry->z_delta_size;
-		else
-			datalen = do_compress(&buf, size);
-
-		/*
-		 * The object header is a byte of 'type' followed by zero or
-		 * more bytes of length.
-		 */
-		hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(type, size, header);
-
-		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
-			/*
-			 * Deltas with relative base contain an additional
-			 * encoding of the relative offset for the delta
-			 * base from this object's position in the pack.
-			 */
-			off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
-			unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
-			dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
-			while (ofs >>= 7)
-				dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
-			if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				free(buf);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-			sha1write(f, dheader + pos, sizeof(dheader) - pos);
-			hdrlen += sizeof(dheader) - pos;
-		} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
-			/*
-			 * Deltas with a base reference contain
-			 * an additional 20 bytes for the base sha1.
-			 */
-			if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				free(buf);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-			sha1write(f, entry->delta->idx.sha1, 20);
-			hdrlen += 20;
-		} else {
-			if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				free(buf);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-		}
-		sha1write(f, buf, datalen);
-		free(buf);
-	}
-	else {
-		struct packed_git *p = entry->in_pack;
-		struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		off_t offset;
-
-		if (entry->delta)
-			type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
-				OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
-		hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(type, entry->size, header);
-
-		offset = entry->in_pack_offset;
-		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, offset);
-		datalen = revidx[1].offset - offset;
-		if (!pack_to_stdout && p->index_version > 1 &&
-		    check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, offset, datalen, revidx->nr)) {
-			error("bad packed object CRC for %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
-			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-			goto no_reuse;
-		}
-
-		offset += entry->in_pack_header_size;
-		datalen -= entry->in_pack_header_size;
-		if (!pack_to_stdout && p->index_version == 1 &&
-		    check_pack_inflate(p, &w_curs, offset, datalen, entry->size)) {
-			error("corrupt packed object for %s", sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1));
-			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-			goto no_reuse;
-		}
+	if (!to_reuse)
+		len = write_no_reuse_object(f, entry, limit, usable_delta);
+	else
+		len = write_reuse_object(f, entry, limit, usable_delta);
+	if (!len)
+		return 0;
 
-		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
-			off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
-			unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
-			dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
-			while (ofs >>= 7)
-				dheader[--pos] = 128 | (--ofs & 127);
-			if (limit && hdrlen + sizeof(dheader) - pos + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-			sha1write(f, dheader + pos, sizeof(dheader) - pos);
-			hdrlen += sizeof(dheader) - pos;
-			reused_delta++;
-		} else if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
-			if (limit && hdrlen + 20 + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-			sha1write(f, entry->delta->idx.sha1, 20);
-			hdrlen += 20;
-			reused_delta++;
-		} else {
-			if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
-				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-				return 0;
-			}
-			sha1write(f, header, hdrlen);
-		}
-		copy_pack_data(f, p, &w_curs, offset, datalen);
-		unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-		reused++;
-	}
 	if (usable_delta)
 		written_delta++;
 	written++;
 	if (!pack_to_stdout)
 		entry->idx.crc32 = crc32_end(f);
-	return hdrlen + datalen;
+	return len;
 }
 
 enum write_one_status {
@@ -468,12 +544,12 @@ static int mark_tagged(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag,
 		       void *cb_data)
 {
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
-	struct object_entry *entry = locate_object_entry(sha1);
+	struct object_entry *entry = packlist_find(&to_pack, sha1, NULL);
 
 	if (entry)
 		entry->tagged = 1;
 	if (!peel_ref(path, peeled)) {
-		entry = locate_object_entry(peeled);
+		entry = packlist_find(&to_pack, peeled, NULL);
 		if (entry)
 			entry->tagged = 1;
 	}
@@ -548,9 +624,10 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 {
 	unsigned int i, wo_end, last_untagged;
 
-	struct object_entry **wo = xmalloc(nr_objects * sizeof(*wo));
+	struct object_entry **wo = xmalloc(to_pack.nr_objects * sizeof(*wo));
+	struct object_entry *objects = to_pack.objects;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		objects[i].tagged = 0;
 		objects[i].filled = 0;
 		objects[i].delta_child = NULL;
@@ -562,7 +639,7 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	 * Make sure delta_sibling is sorted in the original
 	 * recency order.
 	 */
-	for (i = nr_objects; i > 0;) {
+	for (i = to_pack.nr_objects; i > 0;) {
 		struct object_entry *e = &objects[--i];
 		if (!e->delta)
 			continue;
@@ -580,7 +657,7 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	 * Give the objects in the original recency order until
 	 * we see a tagged tip.
 	 */
-	for (i = wo_end = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = wo_end = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (objects[i].tagged)
 			break;
 		add_to_write_order(wo, &wo_end, &objects[i]);
@@ -590,7 +667,7 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	/*
 	 * Then fill all the tagged tips.
 	 */
-	for (; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (objects[i].tagged)
 			add_to_write_order(wo, &wo_end, &objects[i]);
 	}
@@ -598,7 +675,7 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	/*
 	 * And then all remaining commits and tags.
 	 */
-	for (i = last_untagged; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = last_untagged; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (objects[i].type != OBJ_COMMIT &&
 		    objects[i].type != OBJ_TAG)
 			continue;
@@ -608,7 +685,7 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	/*
 	 * And then all the trees.
 	 */
-	for (i = last_untagged; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = last_untagged; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (objects[i].type != OBJ_TREE)
 			continue;
 		add_to_write_order(wo, &wo_end, &objects[i]);
@@ -617,17 +694,70 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
 	/*
 	 * Finally all the rest in really tight order
 	 */
-	for (i = last_untagged; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = last_untagged; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		if (!objects[i].filled)
 			add_family_to_write_order(wo, &wo_end, &objects[i]);
 	}
 
-	if (wo_end != nr_objects)
-		die("ordered %u objects, expected %"PRIu32, wo_end, nr_objects);
+	if (wo_end != to_pack.nr_objects)
+		die("ordered %u objects, expected %"PRIu32, wo_end, to_pack.nr_objects);
 
 	return wo;
 }
 
+static off_t write_reused_pack(struct sha1file *f)
+{
+	unsigned char buffer[8192];
+	off_t to_write, total;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (!is_pack_valid(reuse_packfile))
+		die("packfile is invalid: %s", reuse_packfile->pack_name);
+
+	fd = git_open_noatime(reuse_packfile->pack_name);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to open packfile for reuse: %s",
+			  reuse_packfile->pack_name);
+
+	if (lseek(fd, sizeof(struct pack_header), SEEK_SET) == -1)
+		die_errno("unable to seek in reused packfile");
+
+	if (reuse_packfile_offset < 0)
+		reuse_packfile_offset = reuse_packfile->pack_size - 20;
+
+	total = to_write = reuse_packfile_offset - sizeof(struct pack_header);
+
+	while (to_write) {
+		int read_pack = xread(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+
+		if (read_pack <= 0)
+			die_errno("unable to read from reused packfile");
+
+		if (read_pack > to_write)
+			read_pack = to_write;
+
+		sha1write(f, buffer, read_pack);
+		to_write -= read_pack;
+
+		/*
+		 * We don't know the actual number of objects written,
+		 * only how many bytes written, how many bytes total, and
+		 * how many objects total. So we can fake it by pretending all
+		 * objects we are writing are the same size. This gives us a
+		 * smooth progress meter, and at the end it matches the true
+		 * answer.
+		 */
+		written = reuse_packfile_objects *
+				(((double)(total - to_write)) / total);
+		display_progress(progress_state, written);
+	}
+
+	close(fd);
+	written = reuse_packfile_objects;
+	display_progress(progress_state, written);
+	return reuse_packfile_offset - sizeof(struct pack_header);
+}
+
 static void write_pack_file(void)
 {
 	uint32_t i = 0, j;
@@ -638,8 +768,8 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 	struct object_entry **write_order;
 
 	if (progress > pack_to_stdout)
-		progress_state = start_progress("Writing objects", nr_result);
-	written_list = xmalloc(nr_objects * sizeof(*written_list));
+		progress_state = start_progress(_("Writing objects"), nr_result);
+	written_list = xmalloc(to_pack.nr_objects * sizeof(*written_list));
 	write_order = compute_write_order();
 
 	do {
@@ -652,10 +782,17 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			f = create_tmp_packfile(&pack_tmp_name);
 
 		offset = write_pack_header(f, nr_remaining);
-		if (!offset)
-			die_errno("unable to write pack header");
+
+		if (reuse_packfile) {
+			off_t packfile_size;
+			assert(pack_to_stdout);
+
+			packfile_size = write_reused_pack(f);
+			offset += packfile_size;
+		}
+
 		nr_written = 0;
-		for (; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+		for (; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 			struct object_entry *e = write_order[i];
 			if (write_one(f, e, &offset) == WRITE_ONE_BREAK)
 				break;
@@ -675,11 +812,12 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			fixup_pack_header_footer(fd, sha1, pack_tmp_name,
 						 nr_written, sha1, offset);
 			close(fd);
+			write_bitmap_index = 0;
 		}
 
 		if (!pack_to_stdout) {
 			struct stat st;
-			char tmpname[PATH_MAX];
+			struct strbuf tmpname = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 			/*
 			 * Packs are runtime accessed in their mtime
@@ -699,16 +837,35 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 				utb.modtime = --last_mtime;
 				if (utime(pack_tmp_name, &utb) < 0)
 					warning("failed utime() on %s: %s",
-						tmpname, strerror(errno));
+						pack_tmp_name, strerror(errno));
 			}
 
-			/* Enough space for "-<sha-1>.pack"? */
-			if (sizeof(tmpname) <= strlen(base_name) + 50)
-				die("pack base name '%s' too long", base_name);
-			snprintf(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname), "%s-", base_name);
-			finish_tmp_packfile(tmpname, pack_tmp_name,
+			strbuf_addf(&tmpname, "%s-", base_name);
+
+			if (write_bitmap_index) {
+				bitmap_writer_set_checksum(sha1);
+				bitmap_writer_build_type_index(written_list, nr_written);
+			}
+
+			finish_tmp_packfile(&tmpname, pack_tmp_name,
 					    written_list, nr_written,
 					    &pack_idx_opts, sha1);
+
+			if (write_bitmap_index) {
+				strbuf_addf(&tmpname, "%s.bitmap", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+				stop_progress(&progress_state);
+
+				bitmap_writer_show_progress(progress);
+				bitmap_writer_reuse_bitmaps(&to_pack);
+				bitmap_writer_select_commits(indexed_commits, indexed_commits_nr, -1);
+				bitmap_writer_build(&to_pack);
+				bitmap_writer_finish(written_list, nr_written,
+						     tmpname.buf, write_bitmap_options);
+				write_bitmap_index = 0;
+			}
+
+			strbuf_release(&tmpname);
 			free(pack_tmp_name);
 			puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		}
@@ -718,7 +875,7 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			written_list[j]->offset = (off_t)-1;
 		}
 		nr_remaining -= nr_written;
-	} while (nr_remaining && i < nr_objects);
+	} while (nr_remaining && i < to_pack.nr_objects);
 
 	free(written_list);
 	free(write_order);
@@ -728,73 +885,6 @@ static void write_pack_file(void)
 			written, nr_result);
 }
 
-static int locate_object_entry_hash(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	int i;
-	unsigned int ui;
-	memcpy(&ui, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	i = ui % object_ix_hashsz;
-	while (0 < object_ix[i]) {
-		if (!hashcmp(sha1, objects[object_ix[i] - 1].idx.sha1))
-			return i;
-		if (++i == object_ix_hashsz)
-			i = 0;
-	}
-	return -1 - i;
-}
-
-static struct object_entry *locate_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (!object_ix_hashsz)
-		return NULL;
-
-	i = locate_object_entry_hash(sha1);
-	if (0 <= i)
-		return &objects[object_ix[i]-1];
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static void rehash_objects(void)
-{
-	uint32_t i;
-	struct object_entry *oe;
-
-	object_ix_hashsz = nr_objects * 3;
-	if (object_ix_hashsz < 1024)
-		object_ix_hashsz = 1024;
-	object_ix = xrealloc(object_ix, sizeof(int) * object_ix_hashsz);
-	memset(object_ix, 0, sizeof(int) * object_ix_hashsz);
-	for (i = 0, oe = objects; i < nr_objects; i++, oe++) {
-		int ix = locate_object_entry_hash(oe->idx.sha1);
-		if (0 <= ix)
-			continue;
-		ix = -1 - ix;
-		object_ix[ix] = i + 1;
-	}
-}
-
-static unsigned name_hash(const char *name)
-{
-	unsigned c, hash = 0;
-
-	if (!name)
-		return 0;
-
-	/*
-	 * This effectively just creates a sortable number from the
-	 * last sixteen non-whitespace characters. Last characters
-	 * count "most", so things that end in ".c" sort together.
-	 */
-	while ((c = *name++) != 0) {
-		if (isspace(c))
-			continue;
-		hash = (hash >> 2) + (c << 24);
-	}
-	return hash;
-}
-
 static void setup_delta_attr_check(struct git_attr_check *check)
 {
 	static struct git_attr *attr_delta;
@@ -817,42 +907,69 @@ static int no_try_delta(const char *path)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
-			    const char *name, int exclude)
+/*
+ * When adding an object, check whether we have already added it
+ * to our packing list. If so, we can skip. However, if we are
+ * being asked to excludei t, but the previous mention was to include
+ * it, make sure to adjust its flags and tweak our numbers accordingly.
+ *
+ * As an optimization, we pass out the index position where we would have
+ * found the item, since that saves us from having to look it up again a
+ * few lines later when we want to add the new entry.
+ */
+static int have_duplicate_entry(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				int exclude,
+				uint32_t *index_pos)
 {
 	struct object_entry *entry;
-	struct packed_git *p, *found_pack = NULL;
-	off_t found_offset = 0;
-	int ix;
-	unsigned hash = name_hash(name);
-
-	ix = nr_objects ? locate_object_entry_hash(sha1) : -1;
-	if (ix >= 0) {
-		if (exclude) {
-			entry = objects + object_ix[ix] - 1;
-			if (!entry->preferred_base)
-				nr_result--;
-			entry->preferred_base = 1;
-		}
+
+	entry = packlist_find(&to_pack, sha1, index_pos);
+	if (!entry)
 		return 0;
+
+	if (exclude) {
+		if (!entry->preferred_base)
+			nr_result--;
+		entry->preferred_base = 1;
 	}
 
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check whether we want the object in the pack (e.g., we do not want
+ * objects found in non-local stores if the "--local" option was used).
+ *
+ * As a side effect of this check, we will find the packed version of this
+ * object, if any. We therefore pass out the pack information to avoid having
+ * to look it up again later.
+ */
+static int want_object_in_pack(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			       int exclude,
+			       struct packed_git **found_pack,
+			       off_t *found_offset)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+
 	if (!exclude && local && has_loose_object_nonlocal(sha1))
 		return 0;
 
+	*found_pack = NULL;
+	*found_offset = 0;
+
 	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
 		off_t offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, p);
 		if (offset) {
-			if (!found_pack) {
+			if (!*found_pack) {
 				if (!is_pack_valid(p)) {
 					warning("packfile %s cannot be accessed", p->pack_name);
 					continue;
 				}
-				found_offset = offset;
-				found_pack = p;
+				*found_offset = offset;
+				*found_pack = p;
 			}
 			if (exclude)
-				break;
+				return 1;
 			if (incremental)
 				return 0;
 			if (local && !p->pack_local)
@@ -862,14 +979,21 @@ static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (nr_objects >= nr_alloc) {
-		nr_alloc = (nr_alloc  + 1024) * 3 / 2;
-		objects = xrealloc(objects, nr_alloc * sizeof(*entry));
-	}
+	return 1;
+}
 
-	entry = objects + nr_objects++;
-	memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
-	hashcpy(entry->idx.sha1, sha1);
+static void create_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				enum object_type type,
+				uint32_t hash,
+				int exclude,
+				int no_try_delta,
+				uint32_t index_pos,
+				struct packed_git *found_pack,
+				off_t found_offset)
+{
+	struct object_entry *entry;
+
+	entry = packlist_alloc(&to_pack, sha1, index_pos);
 	entry->hash = hash;
 	if (type)
 		entry->type = type;
@@ -882,16 +1006,53 @@ static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
 		entry->in_pack_offset = found_offset;
 	}
 
-	if (object_ix_hashsz * 3 <= nr_objects * 4)
-		rehash_objects();
-	else
-		object_ix[-1 - ix] = nr_objects;
+	entry->no_try_delta = no_try_delta;
+}
 
-	display_progress(progress_state, nr_objects);
+static const char no_closure_warning[] = N_(
+"disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+);
 
-	if (name && no_try_delta(name))
-		entry->no_try_delta = 1;
+static int add_object_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
+			    const char *name, int exclude)
+{
+	struct packed_git *found_pack;
+	off_t found_offset;
+	uint32_t index_pos;
+
+	if (have_duplicate_entry(sha1, exclude, &index_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!want_object_in_pack(sha1, exclude, &found_pack, &found_offset)) {
+		/* The pack is missing an object, so it will not have closure */
+		if (write_bitmap_index) {
+			warning(_(no_closure_warning));
+			write_bitmap_index = 0;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	create_object_entry(sha1, type, pack_name_hash(name),
+			    exclude, name && no_try_delta(name),
+			    index_pos, found_pack, found_offset);
 
+	display_progress(progress_state, nr_result);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int add_object_entry_from_bitmap(const unsigned char *sha1,
+					enum object_type type,
+					int flags, uint32_t name_hash,
+					struct packed_git *pack, off_t offset)
+{
+	uint32_t index_pos;
+
+	if (have_duplicate_entry(sha1, 0, &index_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	create_object_entry(sha1, type, name_hash, 0, 0, index_pos, pack, offset);
+
+	display_progress(progress_state, nr_result);
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -916,7 +1077,7 @@ static int pbase_tree_cache_ix_incr(int ix)
 static struct pbase_tree {
 	struct pbase_tree *next;
 	/* This is a phony "cache" entry; we are not
-	 * going to evict it nor find it through _get()
+	 * going to evict it or find it through _get()
 	 * mechanism -- this is for the toplevel node that
 	 * would almost always change with any commit.
 	 */
@@ -1073,12 +1234,9 @@ static int check_pbase_path(unsigned hash)
 	if (0 <= pos)
 		return 1;
 	pos = -pos - 1;
-	if (done_pbase_paths_alloc <= done_pbase_paths_num) {
-		done_pbase_paths_alloc = alloc_nr(done_pbase_paths_alloc);
-		done_pbase_paths = xrealloc(done_pbase_paths,
-					    done_pbase_paths_alloc *
-					    sizeof(unsigned));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(done_pbase_paths,
+		   done_pbase_paths_num + 1,
+		   done_pbase_paths_alloc);
 	done_pbase_paths_num++;
 	if (pos < done_pbase_paths_num)
 		memmove(done_pbase_paths + pos + 1,
@@ -1092,7 +1250,7 @@ static void add_preferred_base_object(const char *name)
 {
 	struct pbase_tree *it;
 	int cmplen;
-	unsigned hash = name_hash(name);
+	unsigned hash = pack_name_hash(name);
 
 	if (!num_preferred_base || check_pbase_path(hash))
 		return;
@@ -1244,7 +1402,7 @@ static void check_object(struct object_entry *entry)
 			break;
 		}
 
-		if (base_ref && (base_entry = locate_object_entry(base_ref))) {
+		if (base_ref && (base_entry = packlist_find(&to_pack, base_ref, NULL))) {
 			/*
 			 * If base_ref was set above that means we wish to
 			 * reuse delta data, and we even found that base
@@ -1318,15 +1476,15 @@ static void get_object_details(void)
 	uint32_t i;
 	struct object_entry **sorted_by_offset;
 
-	sorted_by_offset = xcalloc(nr_objects, sizeof(struct object_entry *));
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++)
-		sorted_by_offset[i] = objects + i;
-	qsort(sorted_by_offset, nr_objects, sizeof(*sorted_by_offset), pack_offset_sort);
+	sorted_by_offset = xcalloc(to_pack.nr_objects, sizeof(struct object_entry *));
+	for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++)
+		sorted_by_offset[i] = to_pack.objects + i;
+	qsort(sorted_by_offset, to_pack.nr_objects, sizeof(*sorted_by_offset), pack_offset_sort);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
 		struct object_entry *entry = sorted_by_offset[i];
 		check_object(entry);
-		if (big_file_threshold <= entry->size)
+		if (big_file_threshold < entry->size)
 			entry->no_try_delta = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -1725,7 +1883,7 @@ static void find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, unsigned *list_size,
 static void try_to_free_from_threads(size_t size)
 {
 	read_lock();
-	release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+	release_pack_memory(size);
 	read_unlock();
 }
 
@@ -1816,8 +1974,6 @@ static void ll_find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, unsigned list_size,
 
 	init_threaded_search();
 
-	if (!delta_search_threads)	/* --threads=0 means autodetect */
-		delta_search_threads = online_cpus();
 	if (delta_search_threads <= 1) {
 		find_deltas(list, &list_size, window, depth, processed);
 		cleanup_threaded_search();
@@ -1947,10 +2103,9 @@ static int add_ref_tag(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, vo
 {
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/") && /* is a tag? */
+	if (starts_with(path, "refs/tags/") && /* is a tag? */
 	    !peel_ref(path, peeled)        && /* peelable? */
-	    !is_null_sha1(peeled)          && /* annotated tag? */
-	    locate_object_entry(peeled))      /* object packed? */
+	    packlist_find(&to_pack, peeled, NULL))      /* object packed? */
 		add_object_entry(sha1, OBJ_TAG, NULL, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1973,14 +2128,14 @@ static void prepare_pack(int window, int depth)
 	if (!pack_to_stdout)
 		do_check_packed_object_crc = 1;
 
-	if (!nr_objects || !window || !depth)
+	if (!to_pack.nr_objects || !window || !depth)
 		return;
 
-	delta_list = xmalloc(nr_objects * sizeof(*delta_list));
+	delta_list = xmalloc(to_pack.nr_objects * sizeof(*delta_list));
 	nr_deltas = n = 0;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
-		struct object_entry *entry = objects + i;
+	for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
+		struct object_entry *entry = to_pack.objects + i;
 
 		if (entry->delta)
 			/* This happens if we decided to reuse existing
@@ -2015,7 +2170,7 @@ static void prepare_pack(int window, int depth)
 	if (nr_deltas && n > 1) {
 		unsigned nr_done = 0;
 		if (progress)
-			progress_state = start_progress("Compressing objects",
+			progress_state = start_progress(_("Compressing objects"),
 							nr_deltas);
 		qsort(delta_list, n, sizeof(*delta_list), type_size_sort);
 		ll_find_deltas(delta_list, n, window+1, depth, &nr_done);
@@ -2058,6 +2213,16 @@ static int git_pack_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
 		cache_max_small_delta_size = git_config_int(k, v);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.writebitmaphashcache")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(k, v))
+			write_bitmap_options |= BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE;
+		else
+			write_bitmap_options &= ~BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.usebitmaps")) {
+		use_bitmap_index = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.threads")) {
 		delta_search_threads = git_config_int(k, v);
 		if (delta_search_threads < 0)
@@ -2116,6 +2281,9 @@ static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
 {
 	add_object_entry(commit->object.sha1, OBJ_COMMIT, NULL, 0);
 	commit->object.flags |= OBJECT_ADDED;
+
+	if (write_bitmap_index)
+		index_commit_for_bitmap(commit);
 }
 
 static void show_object(struct object *obj,
@@ -2239,6 +2407,27 @@ static int has_sha1_pack_kept_or_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Store a list of sha1s that are should not be discarded
+ * because they are either written too recently, or are
+ * reachable from another object that was.
+ *
+ * This is filled by get_object_list.
+ */
+static struct sha1_array recent_objects;
+
+static int loosened_object_can_be_discarded(const unsigned char *sha1,
+					    unsigned long mtime)
+{
+	if (!unpack_unreachable_expiration)
+		return 0;
+	if (mtime > unpack_unreachable_expiration)
+		return 0;
+	if (sha1_array_lookup(&recent_objects, sha1) >= 0)
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
 static void loosen_unused_packed_objects(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p;
@@ -2254,14 +2443,57 @@ static void loosen_unused_packed_objects(struct rev_info *revs)
 
 		for (i = 0; i < p->num_objects; i++) {
 			sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
-			if (!locate_object_entry(sha1) &&
-				!has_sha1_pack_kept_or_nonlocal(sha1))
+			if (!packlist_find(&to_pack, sha1, NULL) &&
+			    !has_sha1_pack_kept_or_nonlocal(sha1) &&
+			    !loosened_object_can_be_discarded(sha1, p->mtime))
 				if (force_object_loose(sha1, p->mtime))
 					die("unable to force loose object");
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * This tracks any options which a reader of the pack might
+ * not understand, and which would therefore prevent blind reuse
+ * of what we have on disk.
+ */
+static int pack_options_allow_reuse(void)
+{
+	return allow_ofs_delta;
+}
+
+static int get_object_list_from_bitmap(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	if (prepare_bitmap_walk(revs) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (pack_options_allow_reuse() &&
+	    !reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap(
+			&reuse_packfile,
+			&reuse_packfile_objects,
+			&reuse_packfile_offset)) {
+		assert(reuse_packfile_objects);
+		nr_result += reuse_packfile_objects;
+		display_progress(progress_state, nr_result);
+	}
+
+	traverse_bitmap_commit_list(&add_object_entry_from_bitmap);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void record_recent_object(struct object *obj,
+				 const struct name_path *path,
+				 const char *last,
+				 void *data)
+{
+	sha1_array_append(&recent_objects, obj->sha1);
+}
+
+static void record_recent_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	sha1_array_append(&recent_objects, commit->object.sha1);
+}
+
 static void get_object_list(int ac, const char **av)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
@@ -2272,6 +2504,9 @@ static void get_object_list(int ac, const char **av)
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 	setup_revisions(ac, av, &revs, NULL);
 
+	/* make sure shallows are read */
+	is_repository_shallow();
+
 	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin) != NULL) {
 		int len = strlen(line);
 		if (len && line[len - 1] == '\n')
@@ -2281,23 +2516,48 @@ static void get_object_list(int ac, const char **av)
 		if (*line == '-') {
 			if (!strcmp(line, "--not")) {
 				flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+				write_bitmap_index = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (starts_with(line, "--shallow ")) {
+				unsigned char sha1[20];
+				if (get_sha1_hex(line + 10, sha1))
+					die("not an SHA-1 '%s'", line + 10);
+				register_shallow(sha1);
+				use_bitmap_index = 0;
 				continue;
 			}
 			die("not a rev '%s'", line);
 		}
-		if (handle_revision_arg(line, &revs, flags, 1))
+		if (handle_revision_arg(line, &revs, flags, REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME))
 			die("bad revision '%s'", line);
 	}
 
+	if (use_bitmap_index && !get_object_list_from_bitmap(&revs))
+		return;
+
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
-	mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+	mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, show_edge);
 	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, NULL);
 
+	if (unpack_unreachable_expiration) {
+		revs.ignore_missing_links = 1;
+		if (add_unseen_recent_objects_to_traversal(&revs,
+				unpack_unreachable_expiration))
+			die("unable to add recent objects");
+		if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+			die("revision walk setup failed");
+		traverse_commit_list(&revs, record_recent_commit,
+				     record_recent_object, NULL);
+	}
+
 	if (keep_unreachable)
 		add_objects_in_unpacked_packs(&revs);
 	if (unpack_unreachable)
 		loosen_unused_packed_objects(&revs);
+
+	sha1_array_clear(&recent_objects);
 }
 
 static int option_parse_index_version(const struct option *opt,
@@ -2315,6 +2575,21 @@ static int option_parse_index_version(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int option_parse_unpack_unreachable(const struct option *opt,
+					   const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	if (unset) {
+		unpack_unreachable = 0;
+		unpack_unreachable_expiration = 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		unpack_unreachable = 1;
+		if (arg)
+			unpack_unreachable_expiration = approxidate(arg);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int option_parse_ulong(const struct option *opt,
 			      const char *arg, int unset)
 {
@@ -2336,76 +2611,87 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int use_internal_rev_list = 0;
 	int thin = 0;
+	int shallow = 0;
 	int all_progress_implied = 0;
-	const char *rp_av[6];
-	int rp_ac = 0;
+	struct argv_array rp = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	int rev_list_unpacked = 0, rev_list_all = 0, rev_list_reflog = 0;
+	int rev_list_index = 0;
 	struct option pack_objects_options[] = {
 		OPT_SET_INT('q', "quiet", &progress,
-			    "do not show progress meter", 0),
+			    N_("do not show progress meter"), 0),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "progress", &progress,
-			    "show progress meter", 1),
+			    N_("show progress meter"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "all-progress", &progress,
-			    "show progress meter during object writing phase", 2),
+			    N_("show progress meter during object writing phase"), 2),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "all-progress-implied",
 			 &all_progress_implied,
-			 "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-version", NULL, "version[,offset]",
-		  "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version",
+			 N_("similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-version", NULL, N_("version[,offset]"),
+		  N_("write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"),
 		  0, option_parse_index_version },
 		OPT_ULONG(0, "max-pack-size", &pack_size_limit,
-			  "maximum size of each output pack file"),
+			  N_("maximum size of each output pack file")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "local", &local,
-			 "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"),
+			 N_("ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "incremental", &incremental,
-			 "ignore packed objects"),
+			 N_("ignore packed objects")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "window", &window,
-			    "limit pack window by objects"),
+			    N_("limit pack window by objects")),
 		OPT_ULONG(0, "window-memory", &window_memory_limit,
-			  "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"),
+			  N_("limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "depth", &depth,
-			    "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"),
+			    N_("maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "reuse-delta", &reuse_delta,
-			 "reuse existing deltas"),
+			 N_("reuse existing deltas")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "reuse-object", &reuse_object,
-			 "reuse existing objects"),
+			 N_("reuse existing objects")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "delta-base-offset", &allow_ofs_delta,
-			 "use OFS_DELTA objects"),
+			 N_("use OFS_DELTA objects")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "threads", &delta_search_threads,
-			    "use threads when searching for best delta matches"),
+			    N_("use threads when searching for best delta matches")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "non-empty", &non_empty,
-			 "do not create an empty pack output"),
+			 N_("do not create an empty pack output")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "revs", &use_internal_rev_list,
-			 "read revision arguments from standard input"),
+			 N_("read revision arguments from standard input")),
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "unpacked", &rev_list_unpacked, NULL,
-		  "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed",
+		  N_("limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "all", &rev_list_all, NULL,
-		  "include objects reachable from any reference",
+		  N_("include objects reachable from any reference"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
 		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "reflog", &rev_list_reflog, NULL,
-		  "include objects referred by reflog entries",
+		  N_("include objects referred by reflog entries"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
+		{ OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "indexed-objects", &rev_list_index, NULL,
+		  N_("include objects referred to by the index"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, 1 },
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "stdout", &pack_to_stdout,
-			 "output pack to stdout"),
+			 N_("output pack to stdout")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "include-tag", &include_tag,
-			 "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"),
+			 N_("include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-unreachable", &keep_unreachable,
-			 "keep unreachable objects"),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "unpack-unreachable", &unpack_unreachable,
-			 "unpack unreachable objects"),
+			 N_("keep unreachable objects")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "unpack-unreachable", NULL, N_("time"),
+		  N_("unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_unpack_unreachable },
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "thin", &thin,
-			 "create thin packs"),
+			 N_("create thin packs")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "shallow", &shallow,
+			 N_("create packs suitable for shallow fetches")),
 		OPT_BOOL(0, "honor-pack-keep", &ignore_packed_keep,
-			 "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"),
+			 N_("ignore packs that have companion .keep file")),
 		OPT_INTEGER(0, "compression", &pack_compression_level,
-			    "pack compression level"),
+			    N_("pack compression level")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep-true-parents", &grafts_replace_parents,
-			    "do not hide commits by grafts", 0),
+			    N_("do not hide commits by grafts"), 0),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "use-bitmap-index", &use_bitmap_index,
+			 N_("use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "write-bitmap-index", &write_bitmap_index,
+			 N_("write a bitmap index together with the pack index")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
 
 	reset_pack_idx_option(&pack_idx_opts);
 	git_config(git_pack_config, NULL);
@@ -2423,24 +2709,30 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (pack_to_stdout != !base_name || argc)
 		usage_with_options(pack_usage, pack_objects_options);
 
-	rp_av[rp_ac++] = "pack-objects";
+	argv_array_push(&rp, "pack-objects");
 	if (thin) {
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-		rp_av[rp_ac++] = "--objects-edge";
+		argv_array_push(&rp, shallow
+				? "--objects-edge-aggressive"
+				: "--objects-edge");
 	} else
-		rp_av[rp_ac++] = "--objects";
+		argv_array_push(&rp, "--objects");
 
 	if (rev_list_all) {
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-		rp_av[rp_ac++] = "--all";
+		argv_array_push(&rp, "--all");
 	}
 	if (rev_list_reflog) {
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-		rp_av[rp_ac++] = "--reflog";
+		argv_array_push(&rp, "--reflog");
+	}
+	if (rev_list_index) {
+		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
+		argv_array_push(&rp, "--indexed-objects");
 	}
 	if (rev_list_unpacked) {
 		use_internal_rev_list = 1;
-		rp_av[rp_ac++] = "--unpacked";
+		argv_array_push(&rp, "--unpacked");
 	}
 
 	if (!reuse_object)
@@ -2449,6 +2741,10 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 	else if (pack_compression_level < 0 || pack_compression_level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
 		die("bad pack compression level %d", pack_compression_level);
+
+	if (!delta_search_threads)	/* --threads=0 means autodetect */
+		delta_search_threads = online_cpus();
+
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
 	if (delta_search_threads != 1)
 		warning("no threads support, ignoring --threads");
@@ -2467,6 +2763,14 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (keep_unreachable && unpack_unreachable)
 		die("--keep-unreachable and --unpack-unreachable are incompatible.");
+	if (!rev_list_all || !rev_list_reflog || !rev_list_index)
+		unpack_unreachable_expiration = 0;
+
+	if (!use_internal_rev_list || !pack_to_stdout || is_repository_shallow())
+		use_bitmap_index = 0;
+
+	if (pack_to_stdout || !rev_list_all)
+		write_bitmap_index = 0;
 
 	if (progress && all_progress_implied)
 		progress = 2;
@@ -2474,12 +2778,12 @@ int cmd_pack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	prepare_packed_git();
 
 	if (progress)
-		progress_state = start_progress("Counting objects", 0);
+		progress_state = start_progress(_("Counting objects"), 0);
 	if (!use_internal_rev_list)
 		read_object_list_from_stdin();
 	else {
-		rp_av[rp_ac] = NULL;
-		get_object_list(rp_ac, rp_av);
+		get_object_list(rp.argc, rp.argv);
+		argv_array_clear(&rp);
 	}
 	cleanup_preferred_base();
 	if (include_tag && nr_result)
diff --git a/builtin/pack-redundant.c b/builtin/pack-redundant.c
index f5c6afc5dd..d0532f66b1 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-redundant.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-redundant.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #define BLKSIZE 512
 
 static const char pack_redundant_usage[] =
-"git pack-redundant [ --verbose ] [ --alt-odb ] < --all | <.pack filename> ...>";
+"git pack-redundant [--verbose] [--alt-odb] (--all | <filename.pack>...)";
 
 static int load_all_packs, verbose, alt_odb;
 
@@ -301,14 +301,14 @@ static void pll_free(struct pll *l)
  */
 static struct pll * get_permutations(struct pack_list *list, int n)
 {
-	struct pll *subset, *ret = NULL, *new_pll = NULL, *pll;
+	struct pll *subset, *ret = NULL, *new_pll = NULL;
 
 	if (list == NULL || pack_list_size(list) < n || n == 0)
 		return NULL;
 
 	if (n == 1) {
 		while (list) {
-			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(pll));
+			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_pll));
 			new_pll->pl = NULL;
 			pack_list_insert(&new_pll->pl, list);
 			new_pll->next = ret;
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ static struct pll * get_permutations(struct pack_list *list, int n)
 	while (list->next) {
 		subset = get_permutations(list->next, n - 1);
 		while (subset) {
-			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(pll));
+			new_pll = xmalloc(sizeof(*new_pll));
 			new_pll->pl = subset->pl;
 			pack_list_insert(&new_pll->pl, list);
 			new_pll->next = ret;
diff --git a/builtin/pack-refs.c b/builtin/pack-refs.c
index 39a9d89fbd..39f9a55d16 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-refs.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-refs.c
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 static char const * const pack_refs_usage[] = {
-	"git pack-refs [options]",
+	N_("git pack-refs [<options>]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ int cmd_pack_refs(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	unsigned int flags = PACK_REFS_PRUNE;
 	struct option opts[] = {
-		OPT_BIT(0, "all",   &flags, "pack everything", PACK_REFS_ALL),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, "prune loose refs (default)", PACK_REFS_PRUNE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "all",   &flags, N_("pack everything"), PACK_REFS_ALL),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, N_("prune loose refs (default)"), PACK_REFS_PRUNE),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 	if (parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, opts, pack_refs_usage, 0))
diff --git a/builtin/patch-id.c b/builtin/patch-id.c
index 3cfe02d5a5..77db8739b5 100644
--- a/builtin/patch-id.c
+++ b/builtin/patch-id.c
@@ -1,17 +1,14 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 
-static void flush_current_id(int patchlen, unsigned char *id, git_SHA_CTX *c)
+static void flush_current_id(int patchlen, unsigned char *id, unsigned char *result)
 {
-	unsigned char result[20];
 	char name[50];
 
 	if (!patchlen)
 		return;
 
-	git_SHA1_Final(result, c);
 	memcpy(name, sha1_to_hex(id), 41);
 	printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(result), name);
-	git_SHA1_Init(c);
 }
 
 static int remove_space(char *line)
@@ -56,10 +53,31 @@ static int scan_hunk_header(const char *p, int *p_before, int *p_after)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, git_SHA_CTX *ctx, struct strbuf *line_buf)
+static void flush_one_hunk(unsigned char *result, git_SHA_CTX *ctx)
+{
+	unsigned char hash[20];
+	unsigned short carry = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	git_SHA1_Final(hash, ctx);
+	git_SHA1_Init(ctx);
+	/* 20-byte sum, with carry */
+	for (i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
+		carry += result[i] + hash[i];
+		result[i] = carry;
+		carry >>= 8;
+	}
+}
+
+static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, unsigned char *result,
+			   struct strbuf *line_buf, int stable)
 {
 	int patchlen = 0, found_next = 0;
 	int before = -1, after = -1;
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	hashclr(result);
 
 	while (strbuf_getwholeline(line_buf, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
 		char *line = line_buf->buf;
@@ -107,6 +125,8 @@ static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, git_SHA_CTX *ctx, struct st
 				break;
 
 			/* Else we're parsing another header.  */
+			if (stable)
+				flush_one_hunk(result, &ctx);
 			before = after = -1;
 		}
 
@@ -119,39 +139,63 @@ static int get_one_patchid(unsigned char *next_sha1, git_SHA_CTX *ctx, struct st
 		/* Compute the sha without whitespace */
 		len = remove_space(line);
 		patchlen += len;
-		git_SHA1_Update(ctx, line, len);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, line, len);
 	}
 
 	if (!found_next)
 		hashclr(next_sha1);
 
+	flush_one_hunk(result, &ctx);
+
 	return patchlen;
 }
 
-static void generate_id_list(void)
+static void generate_id_list(int stable)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20], n[20];
-	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+	unsigned char sha1[20], n[20], result[20];
 	int patchlen;
 	struct strbuf line_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
 	hashclr(sha1);
 	while (!feof(stdin)) {
-		patchlen = get_one_patchid(n, &ctx, &line_buf);
-		flush_current_id(patchlen, sha1, &ctx);
+		patchlen = get_one_patchid(n, result, &line_buf, stable);
+		flush_current_id(patchlen, sha1, result);
 		hashcpy(sha1, n);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&line_buf);
 }
 
-static const char patch_id_usage[] = "git patch-id < patch";
+static const char patch_id_usage[] = "git patch-id [--stable | --unstable] < patch";
+
+static int git_patch_id_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	int *stable = cb;
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "patchid.stable")) {
+		*stable = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
 
 int cmd_patch_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	if (argc != 1)
+	int stable = -1;
+
+	git_config(git_patch_id_config, &stable);
+
+	/* If nothing is set, default to unstable. */
+	if (stable < 0)
+		stable = 0;
+
+	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--stable"))
+		stable = 1;
+	else if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--unstable"))
+		stable = 0;
+	else if (argc != 1)
 		usage(patch_id_usage);
 
-	generate_id_list();
+	generate_id_list(stable);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/prune-packed.c b/builtin/prune-packed.c
index f9463deec2..7cf900ea07 100644
--- a/builtin/prune-packed.c
+++ b/builtin/prune-packed.c
@@ -4,77 +4,58 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const prune_packed_usage[] = {
-	"git prune-packed [-n|--dry-run] [-q|--quiet]",
+	N_("git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-#define DRY_RUN 01
-#define VERBOSE 02
-
 static struct progress *progress;
 
-static void prune_dir(int i, DIR *dir, char *pathname, int len, int opts)
+static int prune_subdir(int nr, const char *path, void *data)
+{
+	int *opts = data;
+	display_progress(progress, nr + 1);
+	if (!(*opts & PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN))
+		rmdir(path);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int prune_object(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path,
+			 void *data)
 {
-	struct dirent *de;
-	char hex[40];
+	int *opts = data;
+
+	if (!has_sha1_pack(sha1))
+		return 0;
 
-	sprintf(hex, "%02x", i);
-	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-		if (strlen(de->d_name) != 38)
-			continue;
-		memcpy(hex+2, de->d_name, 38);
-		if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
-			continue;
-		if (!has_sha1_pack(sha1))
-			continue;
-		memcpy(pathname + len, de->d_name, 38);
-		if (opts & DRY_RUN)
-			printf("rm -f %s\n", pathname);
-		else
-			unlink_or_warn(pathname);
-		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-	}
-	pathname[len] = 0;
-	rmdir(pathname);
+	if (*opts & PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN)
+		printf("rm -f %s\n", path);
+	else
+		unlink_or_warn(path);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 void prune_packed_objects(int opts)
 {
-	int i;
-	static char pathname[PATH_MAX];
-	const char *dir = get_object_directory();
-	int len = strlen(dir);
-
-	if (opts == VERBOSE)
-		progress = start_progress_delay("Removing duplicate objects",
+	if (opts & PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE)
+		progress = start_progress_delay(_("Removing duplicate objects"),
 			256, 95, 2);
 
-	if (len > PATH_MAX - 42)
-		die("impossible object directory");
-	memcpy(pathname, dir, len);
-	if (len && pathname[len-1] != '/')
-		pathname[len++] = '/';
-	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-		DIR *d;
+	for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(get_object_directory(),
+				      prune_object, NULL, prune_subdir, &opts);
 
-		display_progress(progress, i + 1);
-		sprintf(pathname + len, "%02x/", i);
-		d = opendir(pathname);
-		if (!d)
-			continue;
-		prune_dir(i, d, pathname, len + 3, opts);
-		closedir(d);
-	}
+	/* Ensure we show 100% before finishing progress */
+	display_progress(progress, 256);
 	stop_progress(&progress);
 }
 
 int cmd_prune_packed(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int opts = isatty(2) ? VERBOSE : 0;
+	int opts = isatty(2) ? PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE : 0;
 	const struct option prune_packed_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, "dry run", DRY_RUN),
-		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, "be quiet", VERBOSE),
+		OPT_BIT('n', "dry-run", &opts, N_("dry run"),
+			PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_NEGBIT('q', "quiet", &opts, N_("be quiet"),
+			   PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
diff --git a/builtin/prune.c b/builtin/prune.c
index 58d7cb8324..17094ad954 100644
--- a/builtin/prune.c
+++ b/builtin/prune.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "dir.h"
 
 static const char * const prune_usage[] = {
-	"git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]",
+	N_("git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 static int show_only;
@@ -17,26 +17,37 @@ static int verbose;
 static unsigned long expire;
 static int show_progress = -1;
 
-static int prune_tmp_object(const char *path, const char *filename)
+static int prune_tmp_file(const char *fullpath)
 {
-	const char *fullpath = mkpath("%s/%s", path, filename);
 	struct stat st;
 	if (lstat(fullpath, &st))
 		return error("Could not stat '%s'", fullpath);
 	if (st.st_mtime > expire)
 		return 0;
-	printf("Removing stale temporary file %s\n", fullpath);
+	if (show_only || verbose)
+		printf("Removing stale temporary file %s\n", fullpath);
 	if (!show_only)
 		unlink_or_warn(fullpath);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int prune_object(char *path, const char *filename, const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int prune_object(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *fullpath,
+			void *data)
 {
-	const char *fullpath = mkpath("%s/%s", path, filename);
 	struct stat st;
-	if (lstat(fullpath, &st))
-		return error("Could not stat '%s'", fullpath);
+
+	/*
+	 * Do we know about this object?
+	 * It must have been reachable
+	 */
+	if (lookup_object(sha1))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (lstat(fullpath, &st)) {
+		/* report errors, but do not stop pruning */
+		error("Could not stat '%s'", fullpath);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (st.st_mtime > expire)
 		return 0;
 	if (show_only || verbose) {
@@ -49,56 +60,20 @@ static int prune_object(char *path, const char *filename, const unsigned char *s
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int prune_dir(int i, char *path)
+static int prune_cruft(const char *basename, const char *path, void *data)
 {
-	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
-	struct dirent *de;
-
-	if (!dir)
-		return 0;
-
-	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-		char name[100];
-		unsigned char sha1[20];
-
-		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
-			continue;
-		if (strlen(de->d_name) == 38) {
-			sprintf(name, "%02x", i);
-			memcpy(name+2, de->d_name, 39);
-			if (get_sha1_hex(name, sha1) < 0)
-				break;
-
-			/*
-			 * Do we know about this object?
-			 * It must have been reachable
-			 */
-			if (lookup_object(sha1))
-				continue;
-
-			prune_object(path, de->d_name, sha1);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(de->d_name, "tmp_obj_")) {
-			prune_tmp_object(path, de->d_name);
-			continue;
-		}
-		fprintf(stderr, "bad sha1 file: %s/%s\n", path, de->d_name);
-	}
-	if (!show_only)
-		rmdir(path);
-	closedir(dir);
+	if (starts_with(basename, "tmp_obj_"))
+		prune_tmp_file(path);
+	else
+		fprintf(stderr, "bad sha1 file: %s\n", path);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void prune_object_dir(const char *path)
+static int prune_subdir(int nr, const char *path, void *data)
 {
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-		static char dir[4096];
-		sprintf(dir, "%s/%02x", path, i);
-		prune_dir(i, dir);
-	}
+	if (!show_only)
+		rmdir(path);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -118,8 +93,8 @@ static void remove_temporary_files(const char *path)
 		return;
 	}
 	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL)
-		if (!prefixcmp(de->d_name, "tmp_"))
-			prune_tmp_object(path, de->d_name);
+		if (starts_with(de->d_name, "tmp_"))
+			prune_tmp_file(mkpath("%s/%s", path, de->d_name));
 	closedir(dir);
 }
 
@@ -128,18 +103,19 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct progress *progress = NULL;
 	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "do not remove, show only"),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "report pruned objects"),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, "show progress"),
-		OPT_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
-			 "expire objects older than <time>"),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("do not remove, show only")),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("report pruned objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &show_progress, N_("show progress")),
+		OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(0, "expire", &expire,
+				N_("expire objects older than <time>")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	char *s;
 
 	expire = ULONG_MAX;
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
+	ref_paranoia = 1;
 	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, prune_usage, 0);
@@ -148,9 +124,7 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		const char *name = *argv++;
 
 		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-			if (!object)
-				die("bad object: %s", name);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, name);
 			add_pending_object(&revs, object, "");
 		}
 		else
@@ -160,16 +134,21 @@ int cmd_prune(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (show_progress == -1)
 		show_progress = isatty(2);
 	if (show_progress)
-		progress = start_progress_delay("Checking connectivity", 0, 0, 2);
+		progress = start_progress_delay(_("Checking connectivity"), 0, 0, 2);
 
-	mark_reachable_objects(&revs, 1, progress);
+	mark_reachable_objects(&revs, 1, expire, progress);
 	stop_progress(&progress);
-	prune_object_dir(get_object_directory());
+	for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(get_object_directory(), prune_object,
+				      prune_cruft, prune_subdir, NULL);
 
-	prune_packed_objects(show_only);
+	prune_packed_objects(show_only ? PRUNE_PACKED_DRY_RUN : 0);
 	remove_temporary_files(get_object_directory());
-	s = xstrdup(mkpath("%s/pack", get_object_directory()));
+	s = mkpathdup("%s/pack", get_object_directory());
 	remove_temporary_files(s);
 	free(s);
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		prune_shallow(show_only);
+
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/push.c b/builtin/push.c
index d315475f16..57c138bd7b 100644
--- a/builtin/push.c
+++ b/builtin/push.c
@@ -11,16 +11,18 @@
 #include "submodule.h"
 
 static const char * const push_usage[] = {
-	"git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]",
+	N_("git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"),
 	NULL,
 };
 
-static int thin;
+static int thin = 1;
 static int deleterefs;
 static const char *receivepack;
 static int verbosity;
 static int progress = -1;
 
+static struct push_cas_option cas;
+
 static const char **refspec;
 static int refspec_nr;
 static int refspec_alloc;
@@ -32,51 +34,140 @@ static void add_refspec(const char *ref)
 	refspec[refspec_nr-1] = ref;
 }
 
-static void set_refspecs(const char **refs, int nr)
+static const char *map_refspec(const char *ref,
+			       struct remote *remote, struct ref *local_refs)
+{
+	struct ref *matched = NULL;
+
+	/* Does "ref" uniquely name our ref? */
+	if (count_refspec_match(ref, local_refs, &matched) != 1)
+		return ref;
+
+	if (remote->push) {
+		struct refspec query;
+		memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
+		query.src = matched->name;
+		if (!query_refspecs(remote->push, remote->push_refspec_nr, &query) &&
+		    query.dst) {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s:%s",
+				    query.force ? "+" : "",
+				    query.src, query.dst);
+			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (push_default == PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM &&
+	    starts_with(matched->name, "refs/heads/")) {
+		struct branch *branch = branch_get(matched->name + 11);
+		if (branch->merge_nr == 1 && branch->merge[0]->src) {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s:%s",
+				    ref, branch->merge[0]->src);
+			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static void set_refspecs(const char **refs, int nr, const char *repo)
 {
+	struct remote *remote = NULL;
+	struct ref *local_refs = NULL;
 	int i;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 		const char *ref = refs[i];
 		if (!strcmp("tag", ref)) {
-			char *tag;
-			int len;
+			struct strbuf tagref = STRBUF_INIT;
 			if (nr <= ++i)
 				die(_("tag shorthand without <tag>"));
-			len = strlen(refs[i]) + 11;
-			if (deleterefs) {
-				tag = xmalloc(len+1);
-				strcpy(tag, ":refs/tags/");
-			} else {
-				tag = xmalloc(len);
-				strcpy(tag, "refs/tags/");
+			ref = refs[i];
+			if (deleterefs)
+				strbuf_addf(&tagref, ":refs/tags/%s", ref);
+			else
+				strbuf_addf(&tagref, "refs/tags/%s", ref);
+			ref = strbuf_detach(&tagref, NULL);
+		} else if (deleterefs) {
+			struct strbuf delref = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (strchr(ref, ':'))
+				die(_("--delete only accepts plain target ref names"));
+			strbuf_addf(&delref, ":%s", ref);
+			ref = strbuf_detach(&delref, NULL);
+		} else if (!strchr(ref, ':')) {
+			if (!remote) {
+				/* lazily grab remote and local_refs */
+				remote = remote_get(repo);
+				local_refs = get_local_heads();
 			}
-			strcat(tag, refs[i]);
-			ref = tag;
-		} else if (deleterefs && !strchr(ref, ':')) {
-			char *delref;
-			int len = strlen(ref)+1;
-			delref = xmalloc(len+1);
-			strcpy(delref, ":");
-			strcat(delref, ref);
-			ref = delref;
-		} else if (deleterefs)
-			die(_("--delete only accepts plain target ref names"));
+			ref = map_refspec(ref, remote, local_refs);
+		}
 		add_refspec(ref);
 	}
 }
 
-static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote)
+static int push_url_of_remote(struct remote *remote, const char ***url_p)
+{
+	if (remote->pushurl_nr) {
+		*url_p = remote->pushurl;
+		return remote->pushurl_nr;
+	}
+	*url_p = remote->url;
+	return remote->url_nr;
+}
+
+static NORETURN int die_push_simple(struct branch *branch, struct remote *remote) {
+	/*
+	 * There's no point in using shorten_unambiguous_ref here,
+	 * as the ambiguity would be on the remote side, not what
+	 * we have locally. Plus, this is supposed to be the simple
+	 * mode. If the user is doing something crazy like setting
+	 * upstream to a non-branch, we should probably be showing
+	 * them the big ugly fully qualified ref.
+	 */
+	const char *advice_maybe = "";
+	const char *short_upstream = branch->merge[0]->src;
+
+	skip_prefix(short_upstream, "refs/heads/", &short_upstream);
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't show advice for people who explicitly set
+	 * push.default.
+	 */
+	if (push_default == PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED)
+		advice_maybe = _("\n"
+				 "To choose either option permanently, "
+				 "see push.default in 'git help config'.");
+	die(_("The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+	      "the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+	      "on the remote, use\n"
+	      "\n"
+	      "    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+	      "\n"
+	      "To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+	      "\n"
+	      "    git push %s %s\n"
+	      "%s"),
+	    remote->name, short_upstream,
+	    remote->name, branch->name, advice_maybe);
+}
+
+static const char message_detached_head_die[] =
+	N_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+	   "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+	   "state now, use\n"
+	   "\n"
+	   "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n");
+
+static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote, struct branch *branch,
+				int triangular, int simple)
 {
 	struct strbuf refspec = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+
 	if (!branch)
-		die(_("You are not currently on a branch.\n"
-		    "To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
-		    "state now, use\n"
-		    "\n"
-		    "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"),
-		    remote->name);
-	if (!branch->merge_nr || !branch->merge)
+		die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
+	if (!branch->merge_nr || !branch->merge || !branch->remote_name)
 		die(_("The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
 		    "To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
 		    "\n"
@@ -87,24 +178,94 @@ static void setup_push_upstream(struct remote *remote)
 	if (branch->merge_nr != 1)
 		die(_("The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, "
 		    "refusing to push."), branch->name);
+	if (triangular)
+		die(_("You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+		      "your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+		      "to update which remote branch."),
+		    remote->name, branch->name);
+
+	if (simple) {
+		/* Additional safety */
+		if (strcmp(branch->refname, branch->merge[0]->src))
+			die_push_simple(branch, remote);
+	}
+
 	strbuf_addf(&refspec, "%s:%s", branch->name, branch->merge[0]->src);
 	add_refspec(refspec.buf);
 }
 
+static void setup_push_current(struct remote *remote, struct branch *branch)
+{
+	if (!branch)
+		die(_(message_detached_head_die), remote->name);
+	add_refspec(branch->name);
+}
+
+static char warn_unspecified_push_default_msg[] =
+N_("push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+   "Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+   "and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+   "\n"
+   "  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+   "\n"
+   "To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+   "\n"
+   "  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+   "\n"
+   "When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+   "to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+   "\n"
+   "Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+   "behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+   "remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+   "\n"
+   "See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further information.\n"
+   "(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+   "'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)");
+
+static void warn_unspecified_push_default_configuration(void)
+{
+	static int warn_once;
+
+	if (warn_once++)
+		return;
+	warning("%s\n", _(warn_unspecified_push_default_msg));
+}
+
+static int is_workflow_triangular(struct remote *remote)
+{
+	struct remote *fetch_remote = remote_get(NULL);
+	return (fetch_remote && fetch_remote != remote);
+}
+
 static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 {
+	struct branch *branch = branch_get(NULL);
+	int triangular = is_workflow_triangular(remote);
+
 	switch (push_default) {
 	default:
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING:
 		add_refspec(":");
 		break;
 
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED:
+		warn_unspecified_push_default_configuration();
+		/* fallthru */
+
+	case PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE:
+		if (triangular)
+			setup_push_current(remote, branch);
+		else
+			setup_push_upstream(remote, branch, triangular, 1);
+		break;
+
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM:
-		setup_push_upstream(remote);
+		setup_push_upstream(remote, branch, triangular, 0);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT:
-		add_refspec("HEAD");
+		setup_push_current(remote, branch);
 		break;
 
 	case PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING:
@@ -114,35 +275,108 @@ static void setup_default_push_refspecs(struct remote *remote)
 	}
 }
 
+static const char message_advice_pull_before_push[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+	   "its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+	   "'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
+
+static const char message_advice_checkout_pull_push[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+	   "counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+	   "(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_fetch_first[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+	   "not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+	   "to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+	   "(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+	   "See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_already_exists[] =
+	N_("Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote.");
+
+static const char message_advice_ref_needs_force[] =
+	N_("You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+	   "without using the '--force' option.\n");
+
+static void advise_pull_before_push(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_current || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_pull_before_push));
+}
+
+static void advise_checkout_pull_push(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_non_ff_matching || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_checkout_pull_push));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_already_exists(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_already_exists || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_already_exists));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_fetch_first(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_fetch_first || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_fetch_first));
+}
+
+static void advise_ref_needs_force(void)
+{
+	if (!advice_push_needs_force || !advice_push_update_rejected)
+		return;
+	advise(_(message_advice_ref_needs_force));
+}
+
 static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 {
 	int err;
-	int nonfastforward;
+	unsigned int reject_reasons;
 
 	transport_set_verbosity(transport, verbosity, progress);
 
 	if (receivepack)
 		transport_set_option(transport,
 				     TRANS_OPT_RECEIVEPACK, receivepack);
-	if (thin)
-		transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_THIN, "yes");
+	transport_set_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_THIN, thin ? "yes" : NULL);
+
+	if (!is_empty_cas(&cas)) {
+		if (!transport->smart_options)
+			die("underlying transport does not support --%s option",
+			    CAS_OPT_NAME);
+		transport->smart_options->cas = &cas;
+	}
 
 	if (verbosity > 0)
 		fprintf(stderr, _("Pushing to %s\n"), transport->url);
 	err = transport_push(transport, refspec_nr, refspec, flags,
-			     &nonfastforward);
+			     &reject_reasons);
 	if (err != 0)
 		error(_("failed to push some refs to '%s'"), transport->url);
 
 	err |= transport_disconnect(transport);
-
 	if (!err)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (nonfastforward && advice_push_nonfastforward) {
-		fprintf(stderr, _("To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n"
-				"Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the\n"
-				"'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n"));
+	if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD) {
+		advise_pull_before_push();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER) {
+		advise_checkout_pull_push();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+		advise_ref_already_exists();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+		advise_ref_fetch_first();
+	} else if (reject_reasons & REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+		advise_ref_needs_force();
 	}
 
 	return 1;
@@ -151,7 +385,7 @@ static int push_with_options(struct transport *transport, int flags)
 static int do_push(const char *repo, int flags)
 {
 	int i, errs;
-	struct remote *remote = remote_get(repo);
+	struct remote *remote = pushremote_get(repo);
 	const char **url;
 	int url_nr;
 
@@ -196,13 +430,7 @@ static int do_push(const char *repo, int flags)
 			setup_default_push_refspecs(remote);
 	}
 	errs = 0;
-	if (remote->pushurl_nr) {
-		url = remote->pushurl;
-		url_nr = remote->pushurl_nr;
-	} else {
-		url = remote->url;
-		url_nr = remote->url_nr;
-	}
+	url_nr = push_url_of_remote(remote, &url);
 	if (url_nr) {
 		for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++) {
 			struct transport *transport =
@@ -224,17 +452,45 @@ static int option_parse_recurse_submodules(const struct option *opt,
 				   const char *arg, int unset)
 {
 	int *flags = opt->value;
+
+	if (*flags & (TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK |
+		      TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND))
+		die("%s can only be used once.", opt->long_name);
+
 	if (arg) {
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "check"))
 			*flags |= TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "on-demand"))
+			*flags |= TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND;
 		else
 			die("bad %s argument: %s", opt->long_name, arg);
 	} else
-		die("option %s needs an argument (check)", opt->long_name);
+		die("option %s needs an argument (check|on-demand)",
+				opt->long_name);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int git_push_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	int *flags = cb;
+	int status;
+
+	status = git_gpg_config(k, v, NULL);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+
+	if (!strcmp(k, "push.followtags")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(k, v))
+			*flags |= TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS;
+		else
+			*flags &= ~TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return git_default_config(k, v, NULL);
+}
+
 int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int flags = 0;
@@ -243,31 +499,40 @@ int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *repo = NULL;	/* default repository */
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
-		OPT_STRING( 0 , "repo", &repo, "repository", "repository"),
-		OPT_BIT( 0 , "all", &flags, "push all refs", TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL),
-		OPT_BIT( 0 , "mirror", &flags, "mirror all refs",
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "repo", &repo, N_("repository"), N_("repository")),
+		OPT_BIT( 0 , "all", &flags, N_("push all refs"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL),
+		OPT_BIT( 0 , "mirror", &flags, N_("mirror all refs"),
 			    (TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR|TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE)),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0, "delete", &deleterefs, "delete refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "tags", &tags, "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"),
-		OPT_BIT('n' , "dry-run", &flags, "dry run", TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN),
-		OPT_BIT( 0,  "porcelain", &flags, "machine-readable output", TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN),
-		OPT_BIT('f', "force", &flags, "force updates", TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", &flags, "check",
-			"controls recursive pushing of submodules",
+		OPT_BOOL( 0, "delete", &deleterefs, N_("delete refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "tags", &tags, N_("push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)")),
+		OPT_BIT('n' , "dry-run", &flags, N_("dry run"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN),
+		OPT_BIT( 0,  "porcelain", &flags, N_("machine-readable output"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN),
+		OPT_BIT('f', "force", &flags, N_("force updates"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK,
+		  0, CAS_OPT_NAME, &cas, N_("refname>:<expect"),
+		  N_("require old value of ref to be at this value"),
+		  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parseopt_push_cas_option },
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "recurse-submodules", &flags, "check|on-demand",
+			N_("control recursive pushing of submodules"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, option_parse_recurse_submodules },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "thin", &thin, "use thin pack"),
-		OPT_STRING( 0 , "receive-pack", &receivepack, "receive-pack", "receive pack program"),
-		OPT_STRING( 0 , "exec", &receivepack, "receive-pack", "receive pack program"),
-		OPT_BIT('u', "set-upstream", &flags, "set upstream for git pull/status",
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "thin", &thin, N_("use thin pack")),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "receive-pack", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
+		OPT_STRING( 0 , "exec", &receivepack, "receive-pack", N_("receive pack program")),
+		OPT_BIT('u', "set-upstream", &flags, N_("set upstream for git pull/status"),
 			TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, "force progress reporting"),
-		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, "prune locally removed refs",
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "progress", &progress, N_("force progress reporting")),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "prune", &flags, N_("prune locally removed refs"),
 			TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "no-verify", &flags, N_("bypass pre-push hook"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "follow-tags", &flags, N_("push missing but relevant tags"),
+			TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "signed", &flags, N_("GPG sign the push"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT),
+		OPT_BIT(0, "atomic", &flags, N_("request atomic transaction on remote side"), TRANSPORT_PUSH_ATOMIC),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	packet_trace_identity("push");
-	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	git_config(git_push_config, &flags);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, push_usage, 0);
 
 	if (deleterefs && (tags || (flags & (TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL | TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR))))
@@ -280,7 +545,7 @@ int cmd_push(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	if (argc > 0) {
 		repo = argv[0];
-		set_refspecs(argv + 1, argc - 1);
+		set_refspecs(argv + 1, argc - 1, repo);
 	}
 
 	rc = do_push(repo, flags);
diff --git a/builtin/read-tree.c b/builtin/read-tree.c
index df6c4c8819..43b47f72f1 100644
--- a/builtin/read-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/read-tree.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ static int list_tree(unsigned char *sha1)
 }
 
 static const char * const read_tree_usage[] = {
-	"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])",
+	N_("git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ static int exclude_per_directory_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void debug_stage(const char *label, struct cache_entry *ce,
+static void debug_stage(const char *label, const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	printf("%s ", label);
@@ -80,7 +81,8 @@ static void debug_stage(const char *label, struct cache_entry *ce,
 		       sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
 }
 
-static int debug_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int debug_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -98,43 +100,43 @@ static struct lock_file lock_file;
 
 int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 {
-	int i, newfd, stage = 0;
+	int i, stage = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
 	int prefix_set = 0;
 	const struct option read_tree_options[] = {
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-output", NULL, "file",
-		  "write resulting index to <file>",
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "index-output", NULL, N_("file"),
+		  N_("write resulting index to <file>"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, index_output_cb },
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "empty", &read_empty,
-			    "only empty the index", 1),
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&opts.verbose_update, "be verbose"),
-		OPT_GROUP("Merging"),
+			    N_("only empty the index"), 1),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&opts.verbose_update, N_("be verbose")),
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Merging")),
 		OPT_SET_INT('m', NULL, &opts.merge,
-			    "perform a merge in addition to a read", 1),
+			    N_("perform a merge in addition to a read"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "trivial", &opts.trivial_merges_only,
-			    "3-way merge if no file level merging required", 1),
+			    N_("3-way merge if no file level merging required"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "aggressive", &opts.aggressive,
-			    "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes", 1),
+			    N_("3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "reset", &opts.reset,
-			    "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries", 1),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &opts.prefix, "<subdirectory>/",
-		  "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/",
+			    N_("same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"), 1),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &opts.prefix, N_("<subdirectory>/"),
+		  N_("read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP },
 		OPT_SET_INT('u', NULL, &opts.update,
-			    "update working tree with merge result", 1),
+			    N_("update working tree with merge result"), 1),
 		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-per-directory", &opts,
-		  "gitignore",
-		  "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten",
+		  N_("gitignore"),
+		  N_("allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_per_directory_cb },
 		OPT_SET_INT('i', NULL, &opts.index_only,
-			    "don't check the working tree after merging", 1),
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&opts.dry_run, "don't update the index or the work tree"),
+			    N_("don't check the working tree after merging"), 1),
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&opts.dry_run, N_("don't update the index or the work tree")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "no-sparse-checkout", &opts.skip_sparse_checkout,
-			    "skip applying sparse checkout filter", 1),
+			    N_("skip applying sparse checkout filter"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "debug-unpack", &opts.debug_unpack,
-			    "debug unpack-trees", 1),
+			    N_("debug unpack-trees"), 1),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
@@ -148,12 +150,21 @@ int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, unused_prefix, read_tree_options,
 			     read_tree_usage, 0);
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
 
 	prefix_set = opts.prefix ? 1 : 0;
 	if (1 < opts.merge + opts.reset + prefix_set)
 		die("Which one? -m, --reset, or --prefix?");
 
+	/*
+	 * NEEDSWORK
+	 *
+	 * The old index should be read anyway even if we're going to
+	 * destroy all index entries because we still need to preserve
+	 * certain information such as index version or split-index
+	 * mode.
+	 */
+
 	if (opts.reset || opts.merge || opts.prefix) {
 		if (read_cache_unmerged() && (opts.prefix || opts.merge))
 			die("You need to resolve your current index first");
@@ -177,7 +188,7 @@ int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 
 	if (1 < opts.index_only + opts.update)
 		die("-u and -i at the same time makes no sense");
-	if ((opts.update||opts.index_only) && !opts.merge)
+	if ((opts.update || opts.index_only) && !opts.merge)
 		die("%s is meaningless without -m, --reset, or --prefix",
 		    opts.update ? "-u" : "-i");
 	if ((opts.dir && !opts.update))
@@ -230,10 +241,9 @@ int cmd_read_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 	 * what came from the tree.
 	 */
 	if (nr_trees == 1 && !opts.prefix)
-		prime_cache_tree(&active_cache_tree, trees[0]);
+		prime_cache_tree(&the_index, trees[0]);
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die("unable to write new index file");
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/receive-pack.c b/builtin/receive-pack.c
index 0afb8b2896..70e9ce5f96 100644
--- a/builtin/receive-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/receive-pack.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
@@ -8,10 +9,16 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
 #include "connected.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 static const char receive_pack_usage[] = "git receive-pack <git-dir>";
 
@@ -19,7 +26,8 @@ enum deny_action {
 	DENY_UNCONFIGURED,
 	DENY_IGNORE,
 	DENY_WARN,
-	DENY_REFUSE
+	DENY_REFUSE,
+	DENY_UPDATE_INSTEAD
 };
 
 static int deny_deletes;
@@ -30,16 +38,38 @@ static int receive_fsck_objects = -1;
 static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
 static int receive_unpack_limit = -1;
 static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int advertise_atomic_push = 1;
 static int unpack_limit = 100;
 static int report_status;
 static int use_sideband;
+static int use_atomic;
 static int quiet;
 static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
 static int auto_update_server_info;
 static int auto_gc = 1;
+static int fix_thin = 1;
+static int stateless_rpc;
+static const char *service_dir;
 static const char *head_name;
 static void *head_name_to_free;
 static int sent_capabilities;
+static int shallow_update;
+static const char *alt_shallow_file;
+static struct strbuf push_cert = STRBUF_INIT;
+static unsigned char push_cert_sha1[20];
+static struct signature_check sigcheck;
+static const char *push_cert_nonce;
+static const char *cert_nonce_seed;
+
+static const char *NONCE_UNSOLICITED = "UNSOLICITED";
+static const char *NONCE_BAD = "BAD";
+static const char *NONCE_MISSING = "MISSING";
+static const char *NONCE_OK = "OK";
+static const char *NONCE_SLOP = "SLOP";
+static const char *nonce_status;
+static long nonce_stamp_slop;
+static unsigned long nonce_stamp_slop_limit;
+static struct ref_transaction *transaction;
 
 static enum deny_action parse_deny_action(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
@@ -50,6 +80,8 @@ static enum deny_action parse_deny_action(const char *var, const char *value)
 			return DENY_WARN;
 		if (!strcasecmp(value, "refuse"))
 			return DENY_REFUSE;
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "updateinstead"))
+			return DENY_UPDATE_INSTEAD;
 	}
 	if (git_config_bool(var, value))
 		return DENY_REFUSE;
@@ -58,6 +90,11 @@ static enum deny_action parse_deny_action(const char *var, const char *value)
 
 static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	int status = parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "receive");
+
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+
 	if (strcmp(var, "receive.denydeletes") == 0) {
 		deny_deletes = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -113,19 +150,51 @@ static int receive_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.shallowupdate") == 0) {
+		shallow_update = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.certnonceseed") == 0)
+		return git_config_string(&cert_nonce_seed, var, value);
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.certnonceslop") == 0) {
+		nonce_stamp_slop_limit = git_config_ulong(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(var, "receive.advertiseatomic") == 0) {
+		advertise_atomic_push = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
 static void show_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	if (sent_capabilities)
+	if (ref_is_hidden(path))
+		return;
+
+	if (sent_capabilities) {
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
-	else
-		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s\n",
-			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), path, 0,
-			     " report-status delete-refs side-band-64k quiet",
-			     prefer_ofs_delta ? " ofs-delta" : "");
-	sent_capabilities = 1;
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf cap = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&cap,
+			      "report-status delete-refs side-band-64k quiet");
+		if (advertise_atomic_push)
+			strbuf_addstr(&cap, " atomic");
+		if (prefer_ofs_delta)
+			strbuf_addstr(&cap, " ofs-delta");
+		if (push_cert_nonce)
+			strbuf_addf(&cap, " push-cert=%s", push_cert_nonce);
+		strbuf_addf(&cap, " agent=%s", git_user_agent_sanitized());
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s\n",
+			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), path, 0, cap.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&cap);
+		sent_capabilities = 1;
+	}
 }
 
 static int show_ref_cb(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *unused)
@@ -166,6 +235,8 @@ static void write_head_info(void)
 	if (!sent_capabilities)
 		show_ref("capabilities^{}", null_sha1);
 
+	advertise_shallow_grafts(1);
+
 	/* EOF */
 	packet_flush(1);
 }
@@ -175,14 +246,12 @@ struct command {
 	const char *error_string;
 	unsigned int skip_update:1,
 		     did_not_exist:1;
+	int index;
 	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
 	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
 	char ref_name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
-static const char pre_receive_hook[] = "hooks/pre-receive";
-static const char post_receive_hook[] = "hooks/post-receive";
-
 static void rp_error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 static void rp_warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
@@ -232,21 +301,241 @@ static int copy_to_sideband(int in, int out, void *arg)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+#define HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE 64
+
+static void hmac_sha1(unsigned char *out,
+		      const char *key_in, size_t key_len,
+		      const char *text, size_t text_len)
+{
+	unsigned char key[HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE];
+	unsigned char k_ipad[HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE];
+	unsigned char k_opad[HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE];
+	int i;
+	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
+
+	/* RFC 2104 2. (1) */
+	memset(key, '\0', HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE);
+	if (HMAC_BLOCK_SIZE < key_len) {
+		git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, key_in, key_len);
+		git_SHA1_Final(key, &ctx);
+	} else {
+		memcpy(key, key_in, key_len);
+	}
+
+	/* RFC 2104 2. (2) & (5) */
+	for (i = 0; i < sizeof(key); i++) {
+		k_ipad[i] = key[i] ^ 0x36;
+		k_opad[i] = key[i] ^ 0x5c;
+	}
+
+	/* RFC 2104 2. (3) & (4) */
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, k_ipad, sizeof(k_ipad));
+	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, text, text_len);
+	git_SHA1_Final(out, &ctx);
+
+	/* RFC 2104 2. (6) & (7) */
+	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, k_opad, sizeof(k_opad));
+	git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, out, 20);
+	git_SHA1_Final(out, &ctx);
+}
+
+static char *prepare_push_cert_nonce(const char *path, unsigned long stamp)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s:%lu", path, stamp);
+	hmac_sha1(sha1, buf.buf, buf.len, cert_nonce_seed, strlen(cert_nonce_seed));;
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	/* RFC 2104 5. HMAC-SHA1-80 */
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%lu-%.*s", stamp, 20, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * NEEDSWORK: reuse find_commit_header() from jk/commit-author-parsing
+ * after dropping "_commit" from its name and possibly moving it out
+ * of commit.c
+ */
+static char *find_header(const char *msg, size_t len, const char *key)
+{
+	int key_len = strlen(key);
+	const char *line = msg;
+
+	while (line && line < msg + len) {
+		const char *eol = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+
+		if ((msg + len <= eol) || line == eol)
+			return NULL;
+		if (line + key_len < eol &&
+		    !memcmp(line, key, key_len) && line[key_len] == ' ') {
+			int offset = key_len + 1;
+			return xmemdupz(line + offset, (eol - line) - offset);
+		}
+		line = *eol ? eol + 1 : NULL;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *check_nonce(const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	char *nonce = find_header(buf, len, "nonce");
+	unsigned long stamp, ostamp;
+	char *bohmac, *expect = NULL;
+	const char *retval = NONCE_BAD;
+
+	if (!nonce) {
+		retval = NONCE_MISSING;
+		goto leave;
+	} else if (!push_cert_nonce) {
+		retval = NONCE_UNSOLICITED;
+		goto leave;
+	} else if (!strcmp(push_cert_nonce, nonce)) {
+		retval = NONCE_OK;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	if (!stateless_rpc) {
+		/* returned nonce MUST match what we gave out earlier */
+		retval = NONCE_BAD;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * In stateless mode, we may be receiving a nonce issued by
+	 * another instance of the server that serving the same
+	 * repository, and the timestamps may not match, but the
+	 * nonce-seed and dir should match, so we can recompute and
+	 * report the time slop.
+	 *
+	 * In addition, when a nonce issued by another instance has
+	 * timestamp within receive.certnonceslop seconds, we pretend
+	 * as if we issued that nonce when reporting to the hook.
+	 */
+
+	/* nonce is concat(<seconds-since-epoch>, "-", <hmac>) */
+	if (*nonce <= '0' || '9' < *nonce) {
+		retval = NONCE_BAD;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+	stamp = strtoul(nonce, &bohmac, 10);
+	if (bohmac == nonce || bohmac[0] != '-') {
+		retval = NONCE_BAD;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	expect = prepare_push_cert_nonce(service_dir, stamp);
+	if (strcmp(expect, nonce)) {
+		/* Not what we would have signed earlier */
+		retval = NONCE_BAD;
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * By how many seconds is this nonce stale?  Negative value
+	 * would mean it was issued by another server with its clock
+	 * skewed in the future.
+	 */
+	ostamp = strtoul(push_cert_nonce, NULL, 10);
+	nonce_stamp_slop = (long)ostamp - (long)stamp;
+
+	if (nonce_stamp_slop_limit &&
+	    labs(nonce_stamp_slop) <= nonce_stamp_slop_limit) {
+		/*
+		 * Pretend as if the received nonce (which passes the
+		 * HMAC check, so it is not a forged by third-party)
+		 * is what we issued.
+		 */
+		free((void *)push_cert_nonce);
+		push_cert_nonce = xstrdup(nonce);
+		retval = NONCE_OK;
+	} else {
+		retval = NONCE_SLOP;
+	}
+
+leave:
+	free(nonce);
+	free(expect);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static void prepare_push_cert_sha1(struct child_process *proc)
+{
+	static int already_done;
+
+	if (!push_cert.len)
+		return;
+
+	if (!already_done) {
+		struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf gpg_status = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int bogs /* beginning_of_gpg_sig */;
+
+		already_done = 1;
+		if (write_sha1_file(push_cert.buf, push_cert.len, "blob", push_cert_sha1))
+			hashclr(push_cert_sha1);
+
+		memset(&sigcheck, '\0', sizeof(sigcheck));
+		sigcheck.result = 'N';
+
+		bogs = parse_signature(push_cert.buf, push_cert.len);
+		if (verify_signed_buffer(push_cert.buf, bogs,
+					 push_cert.buf + bogs, push_cert.len - bogs,
+					 &gpg_output, &gpg_status) < 0) {
+			; /* error running gpg */
+		} else {
+			sigcheck.payload = push_cert.buf;
+			sigcheck.gpg_output = gpg_output.buf;
+			sigcheck.gpg_status = gpg_status.buf;
+			parse_gpg_output(&sigcheck);
+		}
+
+		strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
+		strbuf_release(&gpg_status);
+		nonce_status = check_nonce(push_cert.buf, bogs);
+	}
+	if (!is_null_sha1(push_cert_sha1)) {
+		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT=%s",
+				 sha1_to_hex(push_cert_sha1));
+		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER=%s",
+				 sigcheck.signer ? sigcheck.signer : "");
+		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY=%s",
+				 sigcheck.key ? sigcheck.key : "");
+		argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array, "GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS=%c",
+				 sigcheck.result);
+		if (push_cert_nonce) {
+			argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array,
+					 "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE=%s",
+					 push_cert_nonce);
+			argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array,
+					 "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS=%s",
+					 nonce_status);
+			if (nonce_status == NONCE_SLOP)
+				argv_array_pushf(&proc->env_array,
+						 "GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_SLOP=%ld",
+						 nonce_stamp_slop);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 typedef int (*feed_fn)(void *, const char **, size_t *);
 static int run_and_feed_hook(const char *hook_name, feed_fn feed, void *feed_state)
 {
-	struct child_process proc;
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct async muxer;
 	const char *argv[2];
 	int code;
 
-	if (access(hook_name, X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook(hook_name);
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = hook_name;
 	argv[1] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
 	proc.argv = argv;
 	proc.in = -1;
 	proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
@@ -261,6 +550,8 @@ static int run_and_feed_hook(const char *hook_name, feed_fn feed, void *feed_sta
 		proc.err = muxer.in;
 	}
 
+	prepare_push_cert_sha1(&proc);
+
 	code = start_command(&proc);
 	if (code) {
 		if (use_sideband)
@@ -268,6 +559,8 @@ static int run_and_feed_hook(const char *hook_name, feed_fn feed, void *feed_sta
 		return code;
 	}
 
+	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
 	while (1) {
 		const char *buf;
 		size_t n;
@@ -279,6 +572,9 @@ static int run_and_feed_hook(const char *hook_name, feed_fn feed, void *feed_sta
 	close(proc.in);
 	if (use_sideband)
 		finish_async(&muxer);
+
+	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
+
 	return finish_command(&proc);
 }
 
@@ -329,21 +625,19 @@ static int run_receive_hook(struct command *commands, const char *hook_name,
 
 static int run_update_hook(struct command *cmd)
 {
-	static const char update_hook[] = "hooks/update";
 	const char *argv[5];
-	struct child_process proc;
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int code;
 
-	if (access(update_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+	argv[0] = find_hook("update");
+	if (!argv[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	argv[0] = update_hook;
 	argv[1] = cmd->ref_name;
 	argv[2] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->old_sha1);
 	argv[3] = sha1_to_hex(cmd->new_sha1);
 	argv[4] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
 	proc.no_stdin = 1;
 	proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 	proc.err = use_sideband ? -1 : 0;
@@ -410,17 +704,153 @@ static void refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current(void)
 		rp_error("%s", refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current_msg[i]);
 }
 
-static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
+static int command_singleton_iterator(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20]);
+static int update_shallow_ref(struct command *cmd, struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
+	struct sha1_array extra = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	const char *alt_file;
+	uint32_t mask = 1 << (cmd->index % 32);
+	int i;
+
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow,
+			 "shallow: update_shallow_ref %s\n", cmd->ref_name);
+	for (i = 0; i < si->shallow->nr; i++)
+		if (si->used_shallow[i] &&
+		    (si->used_shallow[i][cmd->index / 32] & mask) &&
+		    !delayed_reachability_test(si, i))
+			sha1_array_append(&extra, si->shallow->sha1[i]);
+
+	setup_alternate_shallow(&shallow_lock, &alt_file, &extra);
+	if (check_shallow_connected(command_singleton_iterator,
+				    0, cmd, alt_file)) {
+		rollback_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		sha1_array_clear(&extra);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure setup_alternate_shallow() for the next ref does
+	 * not lose these new roots..
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < extra.nr; i++)
+		register_shallow(extra.sha1[i]);
+
+	si->shallow_ref[cmd->index] = 0;
+	sha1_array_clear(&extra);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *push_to_deploy(unsigned char *sha1,
+				  struct argv_array *env,
+				  const char *work_tree)
+{
+	const char *update_refresh[] = {
+		"update-index", "-q", "--ignore-submodules", "--refresh", NULL
+	};
+	const char *diff_files[] = {
+		"diff-files", "--quiet", "--ignore-submodules", "--", NULL
+	};
+	const char *diff_index[] = {
+		"diff-index", "--quiet", "--cached", "--ignore-submodules",
+		"HEAD", "--", NULL
+	};
+	const char *read_tree[] = {
+		"read-tree", "-u", "-m", NULL, NULL
+	};
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+	child.argv = update_refresh;
+	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.dir = work_tree;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	child.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (run_command(&child))
+		return "Up-to-date check failed";
+
+	/* run_command() does not clean up completely; reinitialize */
+	child_process_init(&child);
+	child.argv = diff_files;
+	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.dir = work_tree;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
+	child.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (run_command(&child))
+		return "Working directory has unstaged changes";
+
+	child_process_init(&child);
+	child.argv = diff_index;
+	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.no_stdout = 1;
+	child.stdout_to_stderr = 0;
+	child.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (run_command(&child))
+		return "Working directory has staged changes";
+
+	read_tree[3] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+	child_process_init(&child);
+	child.argv = read_tree;
+	child.env = env->argv;
+	child.dir = work_tree;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.no_stdout = 1;
+	child.stdout_to_stderr = 0;
+	child.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (run_command(&child))
+		return "Could not update working tree to new HEAD";
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *push_to_checkout_hook = "push-to-checkout";
+
+static const char *push_to_checkout(unsigned char *sha1,
+				    struct argv_array *env,
+				    const char *work_tree)
+{
+	argv_array_pushf(env, "GIT_WORK_TREE=%s", absolute_path(work_tree));
+	if (run_hook_le(env->argv, push_to_checkout_hook,
+			sha1_to_hex(sha1), NULL))
+		return "push-to-checkout hook declined";
+	else
+		return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *update_worktree(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	const char *retval;
+	const char *work_tree = git_work_tree_cfg ? git_work_tree_cfg : "..";
+	struct argv_array env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+	if (is_bare_repository())
+		return "denyCurrentBranch = updateInstead needs a worktree";
+
+	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIR=%s", absolute_path(get_git_dir()));
+
+	if (!find_hook(push_to_checkout_hook))
+		retval = push_to_deploy(sha1, &env, work_tree);
+	else
+		retval = push_to_checkout(sha1, &env, work_tree);
+
+	argv_array_clear(&env);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static const char *update(struct command *cmd, struct shallow_info *si)
 {
 	const char *name = cmd->ref_name;
 	struct strbuf namespaced_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *namespaced_name;
+	const char *namespaced_name, *ret;
 	unsigned char *old_sha1 = cmd->old_sha1;
 	unsigned char *new_sha1 = cmd->new_sha1;
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
 
 	/* only refs/... are allowed */
-	if (prefixcmp(name, "refs/") || check_refname_format(name + 5, 0)) {
+	if (!starts_with(name, "refs/") || check_refname_format(name + 5, 0)) {
 		rp_error("refusing to create funny ref '%s' remotely", name);
 		return "funny refname";
 	}
@@ -441,6 +871,11 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 			if (deny_current_branch == DENY_UNCONFIGURED)
 				refuse_unconfigured_deny();
 			return "branch is currently checked out";
+		case DENY_UPDATE_INSTEAD:
+			ret = update_worktree(new_sha1);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+			break;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -451,7 +886,7 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 	}
 
 	if (!is_null_sha1(old_sha1) && is_null_sha1(new_sha1)) {
-		if (deny_deletes && !prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/")) {
+		if (deny_deletes && starts_with(name, "refs/heads/")) {
 			rp_error("denying ref deletion for %s", name);
 			return "deletion prohibited";
 		}
@@ -465,20 +900,22 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 				break;
 			case DENY_REFUSE:
 			case DENY_UNCONFIGURED:
+			case DENY_UPDATE_INSTEAD:
 				if (deny_delete_current == DENY_UNCONFIGURED)
 					refuse_unconfigured_deny_delete_current();
 				rp_error("refusing to delete the current branch: %s", name);
 				return "deletion of the current branch prohibited";
+			default:
+				return "Invalid denyDeleteCurrent setting";
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if (deny_non_fast_forwards && !is_null_sha1(new_sha1) &&
 	    !is_null_sha1(old_sha1) &&
-	    !prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/")) {
+	    starts_with(name, "refs/heads/")) {
 		struct object *old_object, *new_object;
 		struct commit *old_commit, *new_commit;
-		struct commit_list *bases, *ent;
 
 		old_object = parse_object(old_sha1);
 		new_object = parse_object(new_sha1);
@@ -491,12 +928,7 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 		}
 		old_commit = (struct commit *)old_object;
 		new_commit = (struct commit *)new_object;
-		bases = get_merge_bases(old_commit, new_commit, 1);
-		for (ent = bases; ent; ent = ent->next)
-			if (!hashcmp(old_sha1, ent->item->object.sha1))
-				break;
-		free_commit_list(bases);
-		if (!ent) {
+		if (!in_merge_bases(old_commit, new_commit)) {
 			rp_error("denying non-fast-forward %s"
 				 " (you should pull first)", name);
 			return "non-fast-forward";
@@ -508,6 +940,7 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 	}
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(new_sha1)) {
+		struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 		if (!parse_object(old_sha1)) {
 			old_sha1 = NULL;
 			if (ref_exists(name)) {
@@ -517,56 +950,67 @@ static const char *update(struct command *cmd)
 				cmd->did_not_exist = 1;
 			}
 		}
-		if (delete_ref(namespaced_name, old_sha1, 0)) {
-			rp_error("failed to delete %s", name);
+		if (ref_transaction_delete(transaction,
+					   namespaced_name,
+					   old_sha1,
+					   0, "push", &err)) {
+			rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&err);
 			return "failed to delete";
 		}
+		strbuf_release(&err);
 		return NULL; /* good */
 	}
 	else {
-		lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(namespaced_name, old_sha1, 0);
-		if (!lock) {
-			rp_error("failed to lock %s", name);
-			return "failed to lock";
-		}
-		if (write_ref_sha1(lock, new_sha1, "push")) {
-			return "failed to write"; /* error() already called */
+		struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (shallow_update && si->shallow_ref[cmd->index] &&
+		    update_shallow_ref(cmd, si))
+			return "shallow error";
+
+		if (ref_transaction_update(transaction,
+					   namespaced_name,
+					   new_sha1, old_sha1,
+					   0, "push",
+					   &err)) {
+			rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&err);
+
+			return "failed to update ref";
 		}
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+
 		return NULL; /* good */
 	}
 }
 
-static char update_post_hook[] = "hooks/post-update";
-
 static void run_update_post_hook(struct command *commands)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	int argc;
 	const char **argv;
-	struct child_process proc;
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	char *hook;
 
+	hook = find_hook("post-update");
 	for (argc = 0, cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		if (cmd->error_string || cmd->did_not_exist)
 			continue;
 		argc++;
 	}
-	if (!argc || access(update_post_hook, X_OK) < 0)
+	if (!argc || !hook)
 		return;
+
 	argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (2 + argc));
-	argv[0] = update_post_hook;
+	argv[0] = hook;
 
 	for (argc = 1, cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
-		char *p;
 		if (cmd->error_string || cmd->did_not_exist)
 			continue;
-		p = xmalloc(strlen(cmd->ref_name) + 1);
-		strcpy(p, cmd->ref_name);
-		argv[argc] = p;
+		argv[argc] = xstrdup(cmd->ref_name);
 		argc++;
 	}
 	argv[argc] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
 	proc.no_stdin = 1;
 	proc.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 	proc.err = use_sideband ? -1 : 0;
@@ -590,7 +1034,7 @@ static void check_aliased_update(struct command *cmd, struct string_list *list)
 	int flag;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s", get_git_namespace(), cmd->ref_name);
-	dst_name = resolve_ref_unsafe(buf.buf, sha1, 0, &flag);
+	dst_name = resolve_ref_unsafe(buf.buf, 0, sha1, &flag);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
 	if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
@@ -640,7 +1084,7 @@ static void check_aliased_updates(struct command *commands)
 			string_list_append(&ref_list, cmd->ref_name);
 		item->util = (void *)cmd;
 	}
-	sort_string_list(&ref_list);
+	string_list_sort(&ref_list);
 
 	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		if (!cmd->error_string)
@@ -662,12 +1106,16 @@ static int command_singleton_iterator(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void set_connectivity_errors(struct command *commands)
+static void set_connectivity_errors(struct command *commands,
+				    struct shallow_info *si)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 
 	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 		struct command *singleton = cmd;
+		if (shallow_update && si->shallow_ref[cmd->index])
+			/* to be checked in update_shallow_ref() */
+			continue;
 		if (!check_everything_connected(command_singleton_iterator,
 						0, &singleton))
 			continue;
@@ -675,40 +1123,162 @@ static void set_connectivity_errors(struct command *commands)
 	}
 }
 
+struct iterate_data {
+	struct command *cmds;
+	struct shallow_info *si;
+};
+
 static int iterate_receive_command_list(void *cb_data, unsigned char sha1[20])
 {
-	struct command **cmd_list = cb_data;
+	struct iterate_data *data = cb_data;
+	struct command **cmd_list = &data->cmds;
 	struct command *cmd = *cmd_list;
 
-	while (cmd) {
-		if (!is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1)) {
+	for (; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (shallow_update && data->si->shallow_ref[cmd->index])
+			/* to be checked in update_shallow_ref() */
+			continue;
+		if (!is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1) && !cmd->skip_update) {
 			hashcpy(sha1, cmd->new_sha1);
 			*cmd_list = cmd->next;
 			return 0;
 		}
-		cmd = cmd->next;
 	}
 	*cmd_list = NULL;
 	return -1; /* end of list */
 }
 
-static void execute_commands(struct command *commands, const char *unpacker_error)
+static void reject_updates_to_hidden(struct command *commands)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (cmd->error_string || !ref_is_hidden(cmd->ref_name))
+			continue;
+		if (is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1))
+			cmd->error_string = "deny deleting a hidden ref";
+		else
+			cmd->error_string = "deny updating a hidden ref";
+	}
+}
+
+static int should_process_cmd(struct command *cmd)
+{
+	return !cmd->error_string && !cmd->skip_update;
+}
+
+static void warn_if_skipped_connectivity_check(struct command *commands,
+					       struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+	int checked_connectivity = 1;
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (should_process_cmd(cmd) && si->shallow_ref[cmd->index]) {
+			error("BUG: connectivity check has not been run on ref %s",
+			      cmd->ref_name);
+			checked_connectivity = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!checked_connectivity)
+		die("BUG: connectivity check skipped???");
+}
+
+static void execute_commands_non_atomic(struct command *commands,
+					struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (!should_process_cmd(cmd))
+			continue;
+
+		transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!transaction) {
+			rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&err);
+			cmd->error_string = "transaction failed to start";
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		cmd->error_string = update(cmd, si);
+
+		if (!cmd->error_string
+		    && ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+			rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_reset(&err);
+			cmd->error_string = "failed to update ref";
+		}
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+}
+
+static void execute_commands_atomic(struct command *commands,
+					struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *reported_error = "atomic push failure";
+
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction) {
+		rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&err);
+		reported_error = "transaction failed to start";
+		goto failure;
+	}
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (!should_process_cmd(cmd))
+			continue;
+
+		cmd->error_string = update(cmd, si);
+
+		if (cmd->error_string)
+			goto failure;
+	}
+
+	if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		rp_error("%s", err.buf);
+		reported_error = "atomic transaction failed";
+		goto failure;
+	}
+	goto cleanup;
+
+failure:
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next)
+		if (!cmd->error_string)
+			cmd->error_string = reported_error;
+
+cleanup:
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+}
+
+static void execute_commands(struct command *commands,
+			     const char *unpacker_error,
+			     struct shallow_info *si)
 {
 	struct command *cmd;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct iterate_data data;
 
 	if (unpacker_error) {
 		for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next)
-			cmd->error_string = "n/a (unpacker error)";
+			cmd->error_string = "unpacker error";
 		return;
 	}
 
-	cmd = commands;
-	if (check_everything_connected(iterate_receive_command_list,
-				       0, &cmd))
-		set_connectivity_errors(commands);
+	data.cmds = commands;
+	data.si = si;
+	if (check_everything_connected(iterate_receive_command_list, 0, &data))
+		set_connectivity_errors(commands, si);
 
-	if (run_receive_hook(commands, pre_receive_hook, 0)) {
+	reject_updates_to_hidden(commands);
+
+	if (run_receive_hook(commands, "pre-receive", 0)) {
 		for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
 			if (!cmd->error_string)
 				cmd->error_string = "pre-receive hook declined";
@@ -719,61 +1289,128 @@ static void execute_commands(struct command *commands, const char *unpacker_erro
 	check_aliased_updates(commands);
 
 	free(head_name_to_free);
-	head_name = head_name_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+	head_name = head_name_to_free = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, sha1, NULL);
 
-	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
-		if (cmd->error_string)
-			continue;
+	if (use_atomic)
+		execute_commands_atomic(commands, si);
+	else
+		execute_commands_non_atomic(commands, si);
 
-		if (cmd->skip_update)
-			continue;
+	if (shallow_update)
+		warn_if_skipped_connectivity_check(commands, si);
+}
 
-		cmd->error_string = update(cmd);
+static struct command **queue_command(struct command **tail,
+				      const char *line,
+				      int linelen)
+{
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
+	struct command *cmd;
+	const char *refname;
+	int reflen;
+
+	if (linelen < 83 ||
+	    line[40] != ' ' ||
+	    line[81] != ' ' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(line, old_sha1) ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(line + 41, new_sha1))
+		die("protocol error: expected old/new/ref, got '%s'", line);
+
+	refname = line + 82;
+	reflen = linelen - 82;
+	cmd = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct command) + reflen + 1);
+	hashcpy(cmd->old_sha1, old_sha1);
+	hashcpy(cmd->new_sha1, new_sha1);
+	memcpy(cmd->ref_name, refname, reflen);
+	cmd->ref_name[reflen] = '\0';
+	*tail = cmd;
+	return &cmd->next;
+}
+
+static void queue_commands_from_cert(struct command **tail,
+				     struct strbuf *push_cert)
+{
+	const char *boc, *eoc;
+
+	if (*tail)
+		die("protocol error: got both push certificate and unsigned commands");
+
+	boc = strstr(push_cert->buf, "\n\n");
+	if (!boc)
+		die("malformed push certificate %.*s", 100, push_cert->buf);
+	else
+		boc += 2;
+	eoc = push_cert->buf + parse_signature(push_cert->buf, push_cert->len);
+
+	while (boc < eoc) {
+		const char *eol = memchr(boc, '\n', eoc - boc);
+		tail = queue_command(tail, boc, eol ? eol - boc : eoc - eol);
+		boc = eol ? eol + 1 : eoc;
 	}
 }
 
-static struct command *read_head_info(void)
+static struct command *read_head_info(struct sha1_array *shallow)
 {
 	struct command *commands = NULL;
 	struct command **p = &commands;
 	for (;;) {
-		static char line[1000];
-		unsigned char old_sha1[20], new_sha1[20];
-		struct command *cmd;
-		char *refname;
-		int len, reflen;
-
-		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
-		if (!len)
+		char *line;
+		int len, linelen;
+
+		line = packet_read_line(0, &len);
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (line[len-1] == '\n')
-			line[--len] = 0;
-		if (len < 83 ||
-		    line[40] != ' ' ||
-		    line[81] != ' ' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(line, old_sha1) ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(line + 41, new_sha1))
-			die("protocol error: expected old/new/ref, got '%s'",
-			    line);
-
-		refname = line + 82;
-		reflen = strlen(refname);
-		if (reflen + 82 < len) {
-			const char *feature_list = refname + reflen + 1;
+
+		if (len == 48 && starts_with(line, "shallow ")) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+			if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
+				die("protocol error: expected shallow sha, got '%s'",
+				    line + 8);
+			sha1_array_append(shallow, sha1);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		linelen = strlen(line);
+		if (linelen < len) {
+			const char *feature_list = line + linelen + 1;
 			if (parse_feature_request(feature_list, "report-status"))
 				report_status = 1;
 			if (parse_feature_request(feature_list, "side-band-64k"))
 				use_sideband = LARGE_PACKET_MAX;
 			if (parse_feature_request(feature_list, "quiet"))
 				quiet = 1;
+			if (advertise_atomic_push
+			    && parse_feature_request(feature_list, "atomic"))
+				use_atomic = 1;
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp(line, "push-cert")) {
+			int true_flush = 0;
+			char certbuf[1024];
+
+			for (;;) {
+				len = packet_read(0, NULL, NULL,
+						  certbuf, sizeof(certbuf), 0);
+				if (!len) {
+					true_flush = 1;
+					break;
+				}
+				if (!strcmp(certbuf, "push-cert-end\n"))
+					break; /* end of cert */
+				strbuf_addstr(&push_cert, certbuf);
+			}
+
+			if (true_flush)
+				break;
+			continue;
 		}
-		cmd = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct command) + len - 80);
-		hashcpy(cmd->old_sha1, old_sha1);
-		hashcpy(cmd->new_sha1, new_sha1);
-		memcpy(cmd->ref_name, line + 82, len - 81);
-		*p = cmd;
-		p = &cmd->next;
+
+		p = queue_command(p, line, linelen);
 	}
+
+	if (push_cert.len)
+		queue_commands_from_cert(p, &push_cert);
+
 	return commands;
 }
 
@@ -799,11 +1436,13 @@ static const char *parse_pack_header(struct pack_header *hdr)
 
 static const char *pack_lockfile;
 
-static const char *unpack(void)
+static const char *unpack(int err_fd, struct shallow_info *si)
 {
 	struct pack_header hdr;
 	const char *hdr_err;
+	int status;
 	char hdr_arg[38];
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int fsck_objects = (receive_fsck_objects >= 0
 			    ? receive_fsck_objects
 			    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
@@ -811,61 +1450,166 @@ static const char *unpack(void)
 			    : 0);
 
 	hdr_err = parse_pack_header(&hdr);
-	if (hdr_err)
+	if (hdr_err) {
+		if (err_fd > 0)
+			close(err_fd);
 		return hdr_err;
+	}
 	snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
 			"--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
 			ntohl(hdr.hdr_version), ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries));
 
+	if (si->nr_ours || si->nr_theirs) {
+		alt_shallow_file = setup_temporary_shallow(si->shallow);
+		argv_array_push(&child.args, "--shallow-file");
+		argv_array_push(&child.args, alt_shallow_file);
+	}
+
 	if (ntohl(hdr.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit) {
-		int code, i = 0;
-		const char *unpacker[5];
-		unpacker[i++] = "unpack-objects";
+		argv_array_pushl(&child.args, "unpack-objects", hdr_arg, NULL);
 		if (quiet)
-			unpacker[i++] = "-q";
+			argv_array_push(&child.args, "-q");
 		if (fsck_objects)
-			unpacker[i++] = "--strict";
-		unpacker[i++] = hdr_arg;
-		unpacker[i++] = NULL;
-		code = run_command_v_opt(unpacker, RUN_GIT_CMD);
-		if (!code)
-			return NULL;
-		return "unpack-objects abnormal exit";
+			argv_array_push(&child.args, "--strict");
+		child.no_stdout = 1;
+		child.err = err_fd;
+		child.git_cmd = 1;
+		status = run_command(&child);
+		if (status)
+			return "unpack-objects abnormal exit";
 	} else {
-		const char *keeper[7];
-		int s, status, i = 0;
+		int s;
 		char keep_arg[256];
-		struct child_process ip;
 
 		s = sprintf(keep_arg, "--keep=receive-pack %"PRIuMAX" on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
 		if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
 			strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
 
-		keeper[i++] = "index-pack";
-		keeper[i++] = "--stdin";
+		argv_array_pushl(&child.args, "index-pack",
+				 "--stdin", hdr_arg, keep_arg, NULL);
 		if (fsck_objects)
-			keeper[i++] = "--strict";
-		keeper[i++] = "--fix-thin";
-		keeper[i++] = hdr_arg;
-		keeper[i++] = keep_arg;
-		keeper[i++] = NULL;
-		memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
-		ip.argv = keeper;
-		ip.out = -1;
-		ip.git_cmd = 1;
-		status = start_command(&ip);
-		if (status) {
+			argv_array_push(&child.args, "--strict");
+		if (fix_thin)
+			argv_array_push(&child.args, "--fix-thin");
+		child.out = -1;
+		child.err = err_fd;
+		child.git_cmd = 1;
+		status = start_command(&child);
+		if (status)
 			return "index-pack fork failed";
+		pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(child.out);
+		close(child.out);
+		status = finish_command(&child);
+		if (status)
+			return "index-pack abnormal exit";
+		reprepare_packed_git();
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *unpack_with_sideband(struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	struct async muxer;
+	const char *ret;
+
+	if (!use_sideband)
+		return unpack(0, si);
+
+	memset(&muxer, 0, sizeof(muxer));
+	muxer.proc = copy_to_sideband;
+	muxer.in = -1;
+	if (start_async(&muxer))
+		return NULL;
+
+	ret = unpack(muxer.in, si);
+
+	finish_async(&muxer);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void prepare_shallow_update(struct command *commands,
+				   struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	int i, j, k, bitmap_size = (si->ref->nr + 31) / 32;
+
+	si->used_shallow = xmalloc(sizeof(*si->used_shallow) *
+				   si->shallow->nr);
+	assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(si, si->used_shallow, NULL);
+
+	si->need_reachability_test =
+		xcalloc(si->shallow->nr, sizeof(*si->need_reachability_test));
+	si->reachable =
+		xcalloc(si->shallow->nr, sizeof(*si->reachable));
+	si->shallow_ref = xcalloc(si->ref->nr, sizeof(*si->shallow_ref));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < si->nr_ours; i++)
+		si->need_reachability_test[si->ours[i]] = 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < si->shallow->nr; i++) {
+		if (!si->used_shallow[i])
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < bitmap_size; j++) {
+			if (!si->used_shallow[i][j])
+				continue;
+			si->need_reachability_test[i]++;
+			for (k = 0; k < 32; k++)
+				if (si->used_shallow[i][j] & (1 << k))
+					si->shallow_ref[j * 32 + k]++;
 		}
-		pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(ip.out);
-		close(ip.out);
-		status = finish_command(&ip);
-		if (!status) {
-			reprepare_packed_git();
-			return NULL;
+
+		/*
+		 * true for those associated with some refs and belong
+		 * in "ours" list aka "step 7 not done yet"
+		 */
+		si->need_reachability_test[i] =
+			si->need_reachability_test[i] > 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * keep hooks happy by forcing a temporary shallow file via
+	 * env variable because we can't add --shallow-file to every
+	 * command. check_everything_connected() will be done with
+	 * true .git/shallow though.
+	 */
+	setenv(GIT_SHALLOW_FILE_ENVIRONMENT, alt_shallow_file, 1);
+}
+
+static void update_shallow_info(struct command *commands,
+				struct shallow_info *si,
+				struct sha1_array *ref)
+{
+	struct command *cmd;
+	int *ref_status;
+	remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow(si);
+	if (!si->nr_ours && !si->nr_theirs) {
+		shallow_update = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1))
+			continue;
+		sha1_array_append(ref, cmd->new_sha1);
+		cmd->index = ref->nr - 1;
+	}
+	si->ref = ref;
+
+	if (shallow_update) {
+		prepare_shallow_update(commands, si);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ref_status = xmalloc(sizeof(*ref_status) * ref->nr);
+	assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(si, NULL, ref_status);
+	for (cmd = commands; cmd; cmd = cmd->next) {
+		if (is_null_sha1(cmd->new_sha1))
+			continue;
+		if (ref_status[cmd->index]) {
+			cmd->error_string = "shallow update not allowed";
+			cmd->skip_update = 1;
 		}
-		return "index-pack abnormal exit";
 	}
+	free(ref_status);
 }
 
 static void report(struct command *commands, const char *unpack_status)
@@ -888,7 +1632,7 @@ static void report(struct command *commands, const char *unpack_status)
 	if (use_sideband)
 		send_sideband(1, 1, buf.buf, buf.len, use_sideband);
 	else
-		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+		write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
@@ -905,10 +1649,11 @@ static int delete_only(struct command *commands)
 int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int advertise_refs = 0;
-	int stateless_rpc = 0;
 	int i;
-	char *dir = NULL;
 	struct command *commands;
+	struct sha1_array shallow = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct sha1_array ref = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct shallow_info si;
 
 	packet_trace_identity("receive-pack");
 
@@ -930,25 +1675,28 @@ int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				stateless_rpc = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--reject-thin-pack-for-testing")) {
+				fix_thin = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
 
 			usage(receive_pack_usage);
 		}
-		if (dir)
+		if (service_dir)
 			usage(receive_pack_usage);
-		dir = xstrdup(arg);
+		service_dir = arg;
 	}
-	if (!dir)
+	if (!service_dir)
 		usage(receive_pack_usage);
 
 	setup_path();
 
-	if (!enter_repo(dir, 0))
-		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", dir);
-
-	if (is_repository_shallow())
-		die("attempt to push into a shallow repository");
+	if (!enter_repo(service_dir, 0))
+		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", service_dir);
 
 	git_config(receive_pack_config, NULL);
+	if (cert_nonce_seed)
+		push_cert_nonce = prepare_push_cert_nonce(service_dir, time(NULL));
 
 	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
 		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
@@ -961,28 +1709,38 @@ int cmd_receive_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (advertise_refs)
 		return 0;
 
-	if ((commands = read_head_info()) != NULL) {
+	if ((commands = read_head_info(&shallow)) != NULL) {
 		const char *unpack_status = NULL;
 
-		if (!delete_only(commands))
-			unpack_status = unpack();
-		execute_commands(commands, unpack_status);
+		prepare_shallow_info(&si, &shallow);
+		if (!si.nr_ours && !si.nr_theirs)
+			shallow_update = 0;
+		if (!delete_only(commands)) {
+			unpack_status = unpack_with_sideband(&si);
+			update_shallow_info(commands, &si, &ref);
+		}
+		execute_commands(commands, unpack_status, &si);
 		if (pack_lockfile)
 			unlink_or_warn(pack_lockfile);
 		if (report_status)
 			report(commands, unpack_status);
-		run_receive_hook(commands, post_receive_hook, 1);
+		run_receive_hook(commands, "post-receive", 1);
 		run_update_post_hook(commands);
 		if (auto_gc) {
 			const char *argv_gc_auto[] = {
 				"gc", "--auto", "--quiet", NULL,
 			};
-			run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+			int opt = RUN_GIT_CMD | RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR;
+			run_command_v_opt(argv_gc_auto, opt);
 		}
 		if (auto_update_server_info)
 			update_server_info(0);
+		clear_shallow_info(&si);
 	}
 	if (use_sideband)
 		packet_flush(1);
+	sha1_array_clear(&shallow);
+	sha1_array_clear(&ref);
+	free((void *)push_cert_nonce);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/reflog.c b/builtin/reflog.c
index 062d7dad1b..8182b648b9 100644
--- a/builtin/reflog.c
+++ b/builtin/reflog.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "dir.h"
@@ -8,32 +8,24 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "reachable.h"
 
-/*
- * reflog expire
- */
-
+/* NEEDSWORK: switch to using parse_options */
 static const char reflog_expire_usage[] =
-"git reflog expire [--verbose] [--dry-run] [--stale-fix] [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--all] <refs>...";
+"git reflog expire [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix] [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all] <refs>...";
 static const char reflog_delete_usage[] =
-"git reflog delete [--verbose] [--dry-run] [--rewrite] [--updateref] <refs>...";
+"git reflog delete [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] <refs>...";
 
 static unsigned long default_reflog_expire;
 static unsigned long default_reflog_expire_unreachable;
 
 struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb {
 	struct rev_info revs;
-	int dry_run;
 	int stalefix;
-	int rewrite;
-	int updateref;
-	int verbose;
 	unsigned long expire_total;
 	unsigned long expire_unreachable;
 	int recno;
 };
 
-struct expire_reflog_cb {
-	FILE *newlog;
+struct expire_reflog_policy_cb {
 	enum {
 		UE_NORMAL,
 		UE_ALWAYS,
@@ -41,14 +33,16 @@ struct expire_reflog_cb {
 	} unreachable_expire_kind;
 	struct commit_list *mark_list;
 	unsigned long mark_limit;
-	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cmd;
-	unsigned char last_kept_sha1[20];
+	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb cmd;
+	struct commit *tip_commit;
+	struct commit_list *tips;
 };
 
 struct collected_reflog {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char reflog[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
+
 struct collect_reflog_cb {
 	struct collected_reflog **e;
 	int alloc;
@@ -94,8 +88,7 @@ static int tree_is_complete(const unsigned char *sha1)
 			complete = 0;
 		}
 	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 
 	if (complete)
 		tree->object.flags |= SEEN;
@@ -221,7 +214,7 @@ static int keep_entry(struct commit **it, unsigned char *sha1)
  * the expire_limit and queue them back, so that the caller can call
  * us again to restart the traversal with longer expire_limit.
  */
-static void mark_reachable(struct expire_reflog_cb *cb)
+static void mark_reachable(struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb)
 {
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct commit_list *pending;
@@ -260,7 +253,7 @@ static void mark_reachable(struct expire_reflog_cb *cb)
 	cb->mark_list = leftover;
 }
 
-static int unreachable(struct expire_reflog_cb *cb, struct commit *commit, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int unreachable(struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb, struct commit *commit, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	/*
 	 * We may or may not have the commit yet - if not, look it
@@ -289,53 +282,39 @@ static int unreachable(struct expire_reflog_cb *cb, struct commit *commit, unsig
 	return !(commit->object.flags & REACHABLE);
 }
 
-static int expire_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
-		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
-		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+/*
+ * Return true iff the specified reflog entry should be expired.
+ */
+static int should_expire_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+				    const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+				    const char *message, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct expire_reflog_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb = cb_data;
 	struct commit *old, *new;
 
-	if (timestamp < cb->cmd->expire_total)
-		goto prune;
-
-	if (cb->cmd->rewrite)
-		osha1 = cb->last_kept_sha1;
+	if (timestamp < cb->cmd.expire_total)
+		return 1;
 
 	old = new = NULL;
-	if (cb->cmd->stalefix &&
+	if (cb->cmd.stalefix &&
 	    (!keep_entry(&old, osha1) || !keep_entry(&new, nsha1)))
-		goto prune;
+		return 1;
 
-	if (timestamp < cb->cmd->expire_unreachable) {
+	if (timestamp < cb->cmd.expire_unreachable) {
 		if (cb->unreachable_expire_kind == UE_ALWAYS)
-			goto prune;
+			return 1;
 		if (unreachable(cb, old, osha1) || unreachable(cb, new, nsha1))
-			goto prune;
+			return 1;
 	}
 
-	if (cb->cmd->recno && --(cb->cmd->recno) == 0)
-		goto prune;
-
-	if (cb->newlog) {
-		char sign = (tz < 0) ? '-' : '+';
-		int zone = (tz < 0) ? (-tz) : tz;
-		fprintf(cb->newlog, "%s %s %s %lu %c%04d\t%s",
-			sha1_to_hex(osha1), sha1_to_hex(nsha1),
-			email, timestamp, sign, zone,
-			message);
-		hashcpy(cb->last_kept_sha1, nsha1);
-	}
-	if (cb->cmd->verbose)
-		printf("keep %s", message);
-	return 0;
- prune:
-	if (!cb->newlog || cb->cmd->verbose)
-		printf("%sprune %s", cb->newlog ? "" : "would ", message);
+	if (cb->cmd.recno && --(cb->cmd.recno) == 0)
+		return 1;
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int push_tip_to_list(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+static int push_tip_to_list(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			    int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct commit_list **list = cb_data;
 	struct commit *tip_commit;
@@ -348,104 +327,56 @@ static int push_tip_to_list(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int expire_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused, void *cb_data)
+static void reflog_expiry_prepare(const char *refname,
+				  const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cmd = cb_data;
-	struct expire_reflog_cb cb;
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	char *log_file, *newlog_path = NULL;
-	struct commit *tip_commit;
-	struct commit_list *tips;
-	int status = 0;
-
-	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb = cb_data;
 
-	/*
-	 * we take the lock for the ref itself to prevent it from
-	 * getting updated.
-	 */
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, sha1, 0);
-	if (!lock)
-		return error("cannot lock ref '%s'", ref);
-	log_file = git_pathdup("logs/%s", ref);
-	if (!file_exists(log_file))
-		goto finish;
-	if (!cmd->dry_run) {
-		newlog_path = git_pathdup("logs/%s.lock", ref);
-		cb.newlog = fopen(newlog_path, "w");
-	}
-
-	cb.cmd = cmd;
-
-	if (!cmd->expire_unreachable || !strcmp(ref, "HEAD")) {
-		tip_commit = NULL;
-		cb.unreachable_expire_kind = UE_HEAD;
+	if (!cb->cmd.expire_unreachable || !strcmp(refname, "HEAD")) {
+		cb->tip_commit = NULL;
+		cb->unreachable_expire_kind = UE_HEAD;
 	} else {
-		tip_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
-		if (!tip_commit)
-			cb.unreachable_expire_kind = UE_ALWAYS;
+		cb->tip_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+		if (!cb->tip_commit)
+			cb->unreachable_expire_kind = UE_ALWAYS;
 		else
-			cb.unreachable_expire_kind = UE_NORMAL;
+			cb->unreachable_expire_kind = UE_NORMAL;
 	}
 
-	if (cmd->expire_unreachable <= cmd->expire_total)
-		cb.unreachable_expire_kind = UE_ALWAYS;
+	if (cb->cmd.expire_unreachable <= cb->cmd.expire_total)
+		cb->unreachable_expire_kind = UE_ALWAYS;
 
-	cb.mark_list = NULL;
-	tips = NULL;
-	if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind != UE_ALWAYS) {
-		if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
+	cb->mark_list = NULL;
+	cb->tips = NULL;
+	if (cb->unreachable_expire_kind != UE_ALWAYS) {
+		if (cb->unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
 			struct commit_list *elem;
-			for_each_ref(push_tip_to_list, &tips);
-			for (elem = tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
-				commit_list_insert(elem->item, &cb.mark_list);
+			for_each_ref(push_tip_to_list, &cb->tips);
+			for (elem = cb->tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
+				commit_list_insert(elem->item, &cb->mark_list);
 		} else {
-			commit_list_insert(tip_commit, &cb.mark_list);
+			commit_list_insert(cb->tip_commit, &cb->mark_list);
 		}
-		cb.mark_limit = cmd->expire_total;
-		mark_reachable(&cb);
+		cb->mark_limit = cb->cmd.expire_total;
+		mark_reachable(cb);
 	}
+}
 
-	for_each_reflog_ent(ref, expire_reflog_ent, &cb);
+static void reflog_expiry_cleanup(void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb = cb_data;
 
-	if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind != UE_ALWAYS) {
-		if (cb.unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
+	if (cb->unreachable_expire_kind != UE_ALWAYS) {
+		if (cb->unreachable_expire_kind == UE_HEAD) {
 			struct commit_list *elem;
-			for (elem = tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
-				clear_commit_marks(tip_commit, REACHABLE);
-			free_commit_list(tips);
-		} else {
-			clear_commit_marks(tip_commit, REACHABLE);
-		}
-	}
- finish:
-	if (cb.newlog) {
-		if (fclose(cb.newlog)) {
-			status |= error("%s: %s", strerror(errno),
-					newlog_path);
-			unlink(newlog_path);
-		} else if (cmd->updateref &&
-			(write_in_full(lock->lock_fd,
-				sha1_to_hex(cb.last_kept_sha1), 40) != 40 ||
-			 write_str_in_full(lock->lock_fd, "\n") != 1 ||
-			 close_ref(lock) < 0)) {
-			status |= error("Couldn't write %s",
-				lock->lk->filename);
-			unlink(newlog_path);
-		} else if (rename(newlog_path, log_file)) {
-			status |= error("cannot rename %s to %s",
-					newlog_path, log_file);
-			unlink(newlog_path);
-		} else if (cmd->updateref && commit_ref(lock)) {
-			status |= error("Couldn't set %s", lock->ref_name);
+			for (elem = cb->tips; elem; elem = elem->next)
+				clear_commit_marks(elem->item, REACHABLE);
+			free_commit_list(cb->tips);
 		} else {
-			adjust_shared_perm(log_file);
+			clear_commit_marks(cb->tip_commit, REACHABLE);
 		}
 	}
-	free(newlog_path);
-	free(log_file);
-	unlock_ref(lock);
-	return status;
 }
 
 static int collect_reflog(const char *ref, const unsigned char *sha1, int unused, void *cb_data)
@@ -494,11 +425,9 @@ static int parse_expire_cfg_value(const char *var, const char *value, unsigned l
 {
 	if (!value)
 		return config_error_nonbool(var);
-	if (!strcmp(value, "never") || !strcmp(value, "false")) {
-		*expire = 0;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	*expire = approxidate(value);
+	if (parse_expiry_date(value, expire))
+		return error(_("%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"),
+			     value, var);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -508,26 +437,27 @@ static int parse_expire_cfg_value(const char *var, const char *value, unsigned l
 
 static int reflog_expire_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	const char *lastdot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	const char *pattern, *key;
+	int pattern_len;
 	unsigned long expire;
 	int slot;
 	struct reflog_expire_cfg *ent;
 
-	if (!lastdot || prefixcmp(var, "gc."))
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "gc", &pattern, &pattern_len, &key) < 0)
 		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 
-	if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpire")) {
+	if (!strcmp(key, "reflogexpire")) {
 		slot = EXPIRE_TOTAL;
 		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
 			return -1;
-	} else if (!strcmp(lastdot, ".reflogexpireunreachable")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "reflogexpireunreachable")) {
 		slot = EXPIRE_UNREACH;
 		if (parse_expire_cfg_value(var, value, &expire))
 			return -1;
 	} else
 		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 
-	if (lastdot == var + 2) {
+	if (!pattern) {
 		switch (slot) {
 		case EXPIRE_TOTAL:
 			default_reflog_expire = expire;
@@ -539,7 +469,7 @@ static int reflog_expire_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	ent = find_cfg_ent(var + 3, lastdot - (var+3));
+	ent = find_cfg_ent(pattern, pattern_len);
 	if (!ent)
 		return -1;
 	switch (slot) {
@@ -561,7 +491,7 @@ static void set_reflog_expiry_param(struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cb, int slot, c
 		return; /* both given explicitly -- nothing to tweak */
 
 	for (ent = reflog_expire_cfg; ent; ent = ent->next) {
-		if (!fnmatch(ent->pattern, ref, 0)) {
+		if (!wildmatch(ent->pattern, ref, 0, NULL)) {
 			if (!(slot & EXPIRE_TOTAL))
 				cb->expire_total = ent->expire_total;
 			if (!(slot & EXPIRE_UNREACH))
@@ -590,10 +520,11 @@ static void set_reflog_expiry_param(struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cb, int slot, c
 
 static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb cb;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb cb;
 	unsigned long now = time(NULL);
 	int i, status, do_all;
 	int explicit_expiry = 0;
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
 
 	default_reflog_expire_unreachable = now - 30 * 24 * 3600;
 	default_reflog_expire = now - 90 * 24 * 3600;
@@ -603,31 +534,33 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	do_all = status = 0;
 	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
 
-	cb.expire_total = default_reflog_expire;
-	cb.expire_unreachable = default_reflog_expire_unreachable;
+	cb.cmd.expire_total = default_reflog_expire;
+	cb.cmd.expire_unreachable = default_reflog_expire_unreachable;
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run") || !strcmp(arg, "-n"))
-			cb.dry_run = 1;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire=")) {
-			cb.expire_total = approxidate(arg + 9);
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_DRY_RUN;
+		else if (starts_with(arg, "--expire=")) {
+			if (parse_expiry_date(arg + 9, &cb.cmd.expire_total))
+				die(_("'%s' is not a valid timestamp"), arg);
 			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_TOTAL;
 		}
-		else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--expire-unreachable=")) {
-			cb.expire_unreachable = approxidate(arg + 21);
+		else if (starts_with(arg, "--expire-unreachable=")) {
+			if (parse_expiry_date(arg + 21, &cb.cmd.expire_unreachable))
+				die(_("'%s' is not a valid timestamp"), arg);
 			explicit_expiry |= EXPIRE_UNREACH;
 		}
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--stale-fix"))
-			cb.stalefix = 1;
+			cb.cmd.stalefix = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--rewrite"))
-			cb.rewrite = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_REWRITE;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--updateref"))
-			cb.updateref = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_UPDATE_REF;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all"))
 			do_all = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose"))
-			cb.verbose = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
 			i++;
 			break;
@@ -643,12 +576,12 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * even in older repository.  We cannot trust what's reachable
 	 * from reflog if the repository was pruned with older git.
 	 */
-	if (cb.stalefix) {
-		init_revisions(&cb.revs, prefix);
-		if (cb.verbose)
+	if (cb.cmd.stalefix) {
+		init_revisions(&cb.cmd.revs, prefix);
+		if (flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE)
 			printf("Marking reachable objects...");
-		mark_reachable_objects(&cb.revs, 0, NULL);
-		if (cb.verbose)
+		mark_reachable_objects(&cb.cmd.revs, 0, 0, NULL);
+		if (flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE)
 			putchar('\n');
 	}
 
@@ -660,8 +593,12 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		for_each_reflog(collect_reflog, &collected);
 		for (i = 0; i < collected.nr; i++) {
 			struct collected_reflog *e = collected.e[i];
-			set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb, explicit_expiry, e->reflog);
-			status |= expire_reflog(e->reflog, e->sha1, 0, &cb);
+			set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb.cmd, explicit_expiry, e->reflog);
+			status |= reflog_expire(e->reflog, e->sha1, flags,
+						reflog_expiry_prepare,
+						should_expire_reflog_ent,
+						reflog_expiry_cleanup,
+						&cb);
 			free(e);
 		}
 		free(collected.e);
@@ -674,8 +611,12 @@ static int cmd_reflog_expire(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			status |= error("%s points nowhere!", argv[i]);
 			continue;
 		}
-		set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb, explicit_expiry, ref);
-		status |= expire_reflog(ref, sha1, 0, &cb);
+		set_reflog_expiry_param(&cb.cmd, explicit_expiry, ref);
+		status |= reflog_expire(ref, sha1, flags,
+					reflog_expiry_prepare,
+					should_expire_reflog_ent,
+					reflog_expiry_cleanup,
+					&cb);
 	}
 	return status;
 }
@@ -684,29 +625,30 @@ static int count_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
 		const char *message, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb *cb = cb_data;
-	if (!cb->expire_total || timestamp < cb->expire_total)
-		cb->recno++;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	if (!cb->cmd.expire_total || timestamp < cb->cmd.expire_total)
+		cb->cmd.recno++;
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int cmd_reflog_delete(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	struct cmd_reflog_expire_cb cb;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb cb;
 	int i, status = 0;
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
 
 	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--dry-run") || !strcmp(arg, "-n"))
-			cb.dry_run = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_DRY_RUN;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--rewrite"))
-			cb.rewrite = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_REWRITE;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--updateref"))
-			cb.updateref = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_UPDATE_REF;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verbose"))
-			cb.verbose = 1;
+			flags |= EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE;
 		else if (!strcmp(arg, "--")) {
 			i++;
 			break;
@@ -738,15 +680,19 @@ static int cmd_reflog_delete(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 		recno = strtoul(spec + 2, &ep, 10);
 		if (*ep == '}') {
-			cb.recno = -recno;
+			cb.cmd.recno = -recno;
 			for_each_reflog_ent(ref, count_reflog_ent, &cb);
 		} else {
-			cb.expire_total = approxidate(spec + 2);
+			cb.cmd.expire_total = approxidate(spec + 2);
 			for_each_reflog_ent(ref, count_reflog_ent, &cb);
-			cb.expire_total = 0;
+			cb.cmd.expire_total = 0;
 		}
 
-		status |= expire_reflog(ref, sha1, 0, &cb);
+		status |= reflog_expire(ref, sha1, flags,
+					reflog_expiry_prepare,
+					should_expire_reflog_ent,
+					reflog_expiry_cleanup,
+					&cb);
 		free(ref);
 	}
 	return status;
diff --git a/builtin/remote-ext.c b/builtin/remote-ext.c
index 692c834d9d..3b8c22cc75 100644
--- a/builtin/remote-ext.c
+++ b/builtin/remote-ext.c
@@ -30,16 +30,14 @@ static char *strip_escapes(const char *str, const char *service,
 	size_t rpos = 0;
 	int escape = 0;
 	char special = 0;
-	size_t psoff = 0;
+	const char *service_noprefix = service;
 	struct strbuf ret = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	/* Calculate prefix length for \s and lengths for \s and \S */
-	if (!strncmp(service, "git-", 4))
-		psoff = 4;
+	skip_prefix(service_noprefix, "git-", &service_noprefix);
 
 	/* Pass the service to command. */
 	setenv("GIT_EXT_SERVICE", service, 1);
-	setenv("GIT_EXT_SERVICE_NOPREFIX", service + psoff, 1);
+	setenv("GIT_EXT_SERVICE_NOPREFIX", service_noprefix, 1);
 
 	/* Scan the length of argument. */
 	while (str[rpos] && (escape || str[rpos] != ' ')) {
@@ -85,7 +83,7 @@ static char *strip_escapes(const char *str, const char *service,
 				strbuf_addch(&ret, str[rpos]);
 				break;
 			case 's':
-				strbuf_addstr(&ret, service + psoff);
+				strbuf_addstr(&ret, service_noprefix);
 				break;
 			case 'S':
 				strbuf_addstr(&ret, service);
@@ -179,9 +177,8 @@ static void send_git_request(int stdin_fd, const char *serv, const char *repo,
 static int run_child(const char *arg, const char *service)
 {
 	int r;
-	struct child_process child;
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
-	memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
 	child.in = -1;
 	child.out = -1;
 	child.err = 0;
diff --git a/builtin/remote.c b/builtin/remote.c
index fec92bc66e..5d3ab906bc 100644
--- a/builtin/remote.c
+++ b/builtin/remote.c
@@ -6,68 +6,69 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_usage[] = {
-	"git remote [-v | --verbose]",
-	"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>",
-	"git remote rename <old> <new>",
-	"git remote rm <name>",
-	"git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>)",
-	"git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>",
-	"git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>",
-	"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]",
-	"git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>...",
-	"git remote set-url <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]",
-	"git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>",
-	"git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>",
+	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose]"),
+	N_("git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"),
+	N_("git remote rename <old> <new>"),
+	N_("git remote remove <name>"),
+	N_("git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"),
+	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"),
+	N_("git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"),
+	N_("git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"),
+	N_("git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."),
+	N_("git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_add_usage[] = {
-	"git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>",
+	N_("git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_rename_usage[] = {
-	"git remote rename <old> <new>",
+	N_("git remote rename <old> <new>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_rm_usage[] = {
-	"git remote rm <name>",
+	N_("git remote remove <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_sethead_usage[] = {
-	"git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])",
+	N_("git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_setbranches_usage[] = {
-	"git remote set-branches <name> <branch>...",
-	"git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>...",
+	N_("git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."),
+	N_("git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_show_usage[] = {
-	"git remote show [<options>] <name>",
+	N_("git remote show [<options>] <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_prune_usage[] = {
-	"git remote prune [<options>] <name>",
+	N_("git remote prune [<options>] <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_update_usage[] = {
-	"git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]...",
+	N_("git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const builtin_remote_seturl_usage[] = {
-	"git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]",
-	"git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>",
-	"git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>",
+	N_("git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"),
+	N_("git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -77,17 +78,6 @@ static const char * const builtin_remote_seturl_usage[] = {
 
 static int verbose;
 
-static int show_all(void);
-static int prune_remote(const char *remote, int dry_run);
-
-static inline int postfixcmp(const char *string, const char *postfix)
-{
-	int len1 = strlen(string), len2 = strlen(postfix);
-	if (len1 < len2)
-		return 1;
-	return strcmp(string + len1 - len2, postfix);
-}
-
 static int fetch_remote(const char *name)
 {
 	const char *argv[] = { "fetch", name, NULL, NULL };
@@ -95,9 +85,9 @@ static int fetch_remote(const char *name)
 		argv[1] = "-v";
 		argv[2] = name;
 	}
-	printf("Updating %s\n", name);
+	printf_ln(_("Updating %s"), name);
 	if (run_command_v_opt(argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
-		return error("Could not fetch %s", name);
+		return error(_("Could not fetch %s"), name);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -127,8 +117,8 @@ static int add_branch(const char *key, const char *branchname,
 }
 
 static const char mirror_advice[] =
-"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
-"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead";
+N_("--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+   "\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead");
 
 static int parse_mirror_opt(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int not)
 {
@@ -136,7 +126,7 @@ static int parse_mirror_opt(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int not)
 	if (not)
 		*mirror = MIRROR_NONE;
 	else if (!arg) {
-		warning("%s", mirror_advice);
+		warning("%s", _(mirror_advice));
 		*mirror = MIRROR_BOTH;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "fetch"))
@@ -144,7 +134,7 @@ static int parse_mirror_opt(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int not)
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "push"))
 		*mirror = MIRROR_PUSH;
 	else
-		return error("unknown mirror argument: %s", arg);
+		return error(_("unknown mirror argument: %s"), arg);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -160,17 +150,17 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 	int i;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "fetch", &fetch, "fetch the remote branches"),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', "fetch", &fetch, N_("fetch the remote branches")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "tags", &fetch_tags,
-			    "import all tags and associated objects when fetching",
+			    N_("import all tags and associated objects when fetching"),
 			    TAGS_SET),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, NULL, &fetch_tags,
-			    "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)", TAGS_UNSET),
-		OPT_STRING_LIST('t', "track", &track, "branch",
-				"branch(es) to track"),
-		OPT_STRING('m', "master", &master, "branch", "master branch"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "mirror", &mirror, "push|fetch",
-			"set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from",
+			    N_("or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"), TAGS_UNSET),
+		OPT_STRING_LIST('t', "track", &track, N_("branch"),
+				N_("branch(es) to track")),
+		OPT_STRING('m', "master", &master, N_("branch"), N_("master branch")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "mirror", &mirror, N_("push|fetch"),
+			N_("set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"),
 			PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parse_mirror_opt },
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -178,25 +168,27 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_add_usage,
 			     0);
 
-	if (argc < 2)
+	if (argc != 2)
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_add_usage, options);
 
 	if (mirror && master)
-		die("specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror");
+		die(_("specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"));
 	if (mirror && !(mirror & MIRROR_FETCH) && track.nr)
-		die("specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors");
+		die(_("specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"));
 
 	name = argv[0];
 	url = argv[1];
 
 	remote = remote_get(name);
-	if (remote && (remote->url_nr > 1 || strcmp(name, remote->url[0]) ||
+	if (remote && (remote->url_nr > 1 ||
+			(strcmp(name, remote->url[0]) &&
+				strcmp(url, remote->url[0])) ||
 			remote->fetch_refspec_nr))
-		die("remote %s already exists.", name);
+		die(_("remote %s already exists."), name);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/heads/test:refs/remotes/%s/test", name);
 	if (!valid_fetch_refspec(buf2.buf))
-		die("'%s' is not a valid remote name", name);
+		die(_("'%s' is not a valid remote name"), name);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.url", name);
 	if (git_config_set(buf.buf, url))
@@ -240,7 +232,7 @@ static int add(int argc, const char **argv)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/remotes/%s/%s", name, master);
 
 		if (create_symref(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "remote add"))
-			return error("Could not setup master '%s'", master);
+			return error(_("Could not setup master '%s'"), master);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -260,31 +252,30 @@ static struct string_list branch_list;
 
 static const char *abbrev_ref(const char *name, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *abbrev = skip_prefix(name, prefix);
-	if (abbrev)
-		return abbrev;
+	skip_prefix(name, prefix, &name);
 	return name;
 }
 #define abbrev_branch(name) abbrev_ref((name), "refs/heads/")
 
 static int config_read_branches(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(key, "branch.")) {
+	if (starts_with(key, "branch.")) {
 		const char *orig_key = key;
 		char *name;
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 		struct branch_info *info;
 		enum { REMOTE, MERGE, REBASE } type;
+		size_t key_len;
 
 		key += 7;
-		if (!postfixcmp(key, ".remote")) {
-			name = xstrndup(key, strlen(key) - 7);
+		if (strip_suffix(key, ".remote", &key_len)) {
+			name = xmemdupz(key, key_len);
 			type = REMOTE;
-		} else if (!postfixcmp(key, ".merge")) {
-			name = xstrndup(key, strlen(key) - 6);
+		} else if (strip_suffix(key, ".merge", &key_len)) {
+			name = xmemdupz(key, key_len);
 			type = MERGE;
-		} else if (!postfixcmp(key, ".rebase")) {
-			name = xstrndup(key, strlen(key) - 7);
+		} else if (strip_suffix(key, ".rebase", &key_len)) {
+			name = xmemdupz(key, key_len);
 			type = REBASE;
 		} else
 			return 0;
@@ -292,11 +283,11 @@ static int config_read_branches(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 		item = string_list_insert(&branch_list, name);
 
 		if (!item->util)
-			item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct branch_info), 1);
+			item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct branch_info));
 		info = item->util;
 		if (type == REMOTE) {
 			if (info->remote_name)
-				warning("more than one %s", orig_key);
+				warning(_("more than one %s"), orig_key);
 			info->remote_name = xstrdup(value);
 		} else if (type == MERGE) {
 			char *space = strchr(value, ' ');
@@ -309,8 +300,13 @@ static int config_read_branches(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 				space = strchr(value, ' ');
 			}
 			string_list_append(&info->merge, xstrdup(value));
-		} else
-			info->rebase = git_config_bool(orig_key, value);
+		} else {
+			int v = git_config_maybe_bool(orig_key, value);
+			if (v >= 0)
+				info->rebase = v;
+			else if (!strcmp(value, "preserve"))
+				info->rebase = 1;
+		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -336,7 +332,7 @@ static int get_ref_states(const struct ref *remote_refs, struct ref_states *stat
 
 	for (i = 0; i < states->remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
 		if (get_fetch_map(remote_refs, states->remote->fetch + i, &tail, 1))
-			die("Could not get fetch map for refspec %s",
+			die(_("Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"),
 				states->remote->fetch_refspec[i]);
 
 	states->new.strdup_strings = 1;
@@ -358,9 +354,9 @@ static int get_ref_states(const struct ref *remote_refs, struct ref_states *stat
 	free_refs(stale_refs);
 	free_refs(fetch_map);
 
-	sort_string_list(&states->new);
-	sort_string_list(&states->tracked);
-	sort_string_list(&states->stale);
+	string_list_sort(&states->new);
+	string_list_sort(&states->tracked);
+	string_list_sort(&states->stale);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -403,7 +399,7 @@ static int get_push_ref_states(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 
 		item = string_list_append(&states->push,
 					  abbrev_branch(ref->peer_ref->name));
-		item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct push_info), 1);
+		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct push_info));
 		info = item->util;
 		info->forced = ref->force;
 		info->dest = xstrdup(abbrev_branch(ref->name));
@@ -437,21 +433,21 @@ static int get_push_ref_states_noquery(struct ref_states *states)
 
 	states->push.strdup_strings = 1;
 	if (!remote->push_refspec_nr) {
-		item = string_list_append(&states->push, "(matching)");
-		info = item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct push_info), 1);
+		item = string_list_append(&states->push, _("(matching)"));
+		info = item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct push_info));
 		info->status = PUSH_STATUS_NOTQUERIED;
 		info->dest = xstrdup(item->string);
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < remote->push_refspec_nr; i++) {
 		struct refspec *spec = remote->push + i;
 		if (spec->matching)
-			item = string_list_append(&states->push, "(matching)");
+			item = string_list_append(&states->push, _("(matching)"));
 		else if (strlen(spec->src))
 			item = string_list_append(&states->push, spec->src);
 		else
-			item = string_list_append(&states->push, "(delete)");
+			item = string_list_append(&states->push, _("(delete)"));
 
-		info = item->util = xcalloc(sizeof(struct push_info), 1);
+		info = item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct push_info));
 		info->forced = spec->force;
 		info->status = PUSH_STATUS_NOTQUERIED;
 		info->dest = xstrdup(spec->dst ? spec->dst : item->string);
@@ -534,9 +530,9 @@ static int add_branch_for_removal(const char *refname,
 	}
 
 	/* don't delete non-remote-tracking refs */
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/")) {
+	if (!starts_with(refname, "refs/remotes/")) {
 		/* advise user how to delete local branches */
-		if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+		if (starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/"))
 			string_list_append(branches->skipped,
 					   abbrev_branch(refname));
 		/* silently skip over other non-remote refs */
@@ -571,9 +567,10 @@ static int read_remote_branches(const char *refname,
 	const char *symref;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/remotes/%s/", rename->old);
-	if (!prefixcmp(refname, buf.buf)) {
+	if (starts_with(refname, buf.buf)) {
 		item = string_list_append(rename->remote_branches, xstrdup(refname));
-		symref = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, orig_sha1, 1, &flag);
+		symref = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					    orig_sha1, &flag);
 		if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
 			item->util = xstrdup(symref);
 		else
@@ -592,19 +589,19 @@ static int migrate_file(struct remote *remote)
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.url", remote->name);
 	for (i = 0; i < remote->url_nr; i++)
 		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->url[i], "^$", 0))
-			return error("Could not append '%s' to '%s'",
+			return error(_("Could not append '%s' to '%s'"),
 					remote->url[i], buf.buf);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.push", remote->name);
 	for (i = 0; i < remote->push_refspec_nr; i++)
 		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->push_refspec[i], "^$", 0))
-			return error("Could not append '%s' to '%s'",
+			return error(_("Could not append '%s' to '%s'"),
 					remote->push_refspec[i], buf.buf);
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.fetch", remote->name);
 	for (i = 0; i < remote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++)
 		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, remote->fetch_refspec[i], "^$", 0))
-			return error("Could not append '%s' to '%s'",
+			return error(_("Could not append '%s' to '%s'"),
 					remote->fetch_refspec[i], buf.buf);
 	if (remote->origin == REMOTE_REMOTES)
 		path = git_path("remotes/%s", remote->name);
@@ -636,30 +633,30 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	oldremote = remote_get(rename.old);
 	if (!oldremote)
-		die("No such remote: %s", rename.old);
+		die(_("No such remote: %s"), rename.old);
 
 	if (!strcmp(rename.old, rename.new) && oldremote->origin != REMOTE_CONFIG)
 		return migrate_file(oldremote);
 
 	newremote = remote_get(rename.new);
 	if (newremote && (newremote->url_nr > 1 || newremote->fetch_refspec_nr))
-		die("remote %s already exists.", rename.new);
+		die(_("remote %s already exists."), rename.new);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "refs/heads/test:refs/remotes/%s/test", rename.new);
 	if (!valid_fetch_refspec(buf.buf))
-		die("'%s' is not a valid remote name", rename.new);
+		die(_("'%s' is not a valid remote name"), rename.new);
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s", rename.old);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf2, "remote.%s", rename.new);
 	if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, buf2.buf) < 1)
-		return error("Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'",
+		return error(_("Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"),
 				buf.buf, buf2.buf);
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s.fetch", rename.new);
 	if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, NULL, NULL, 1))
-		return error("Could not remove config section '%s'", buf.buf);
+		return error(_("Could not remove config section '%s'"), buf.buf);
 	strbuf_addf(&old_remote_context, ":refs/remotes/%s/", rename.old);
 	for (i = 0; i < oldremote->fetch_refspec_nr; i++) {
 		char *ptr;
@@ -674,13 +671,13 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 				      strlen(rename.old), rename.new,
 				      strlen(rename.new));
 		} else
-			warning("Not updating non-default fetch respec\n"
-				"\t%s\n"
-				"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary.",
+			warning(_("Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+				  "\t%s\n"
+				  "\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."),
 				buf2.buf);
 
 		if (git_config_set_multivar(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "^$", 0))
-			return error("Could not append '%s'", buf.buf);
+			return error(_("Could not append '%s'"), buf.buf);
 	}
 
 	read_branches();
@@ -691,7 +688,7 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 			strbuf_reset(&buf);
 			strbuf_addf(&buf, "branch.%s.remote", item->string);
 			if (git_config_set(buf.buf, rename.new)) {
-				return error("Could not set '%s'", buf.buf);
+				return error(_("Could not set '%s'"), buf.buf);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -709,11 +706,11 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 		int flag = 0;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-		read_ref_full(item->string, sha1, 1, &flag);
+		read_ref_full(item->string, RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, &flag);
 		if (!(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
 			continue;
 		if (delete_ref(item->string, NULL, REF_NODEREF))
-			die("deleting '%s' failed", item->string);
+			die(_("deleting '%s' failed"), item->string);
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
@@ -728,7 +725,7 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf2, "remote: renamed %s to %s",
 				item->string, buf.buf);
 		if (rename_ref(item->string, buf.buf, buf2.buf))
-			die("renaming '%s' failed", item->string);
+			die(_("renaming '%s' failed"), item->string);
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < remote_branches.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = remote_branches.items + i;
@@ -747,22 +744,28 @@ static int mv(int argc, const char **argv)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf3, "remote: renamed %s to %s",
 				item->string, buf.buf);
 		if (create_symref(buf.buf, buf2.buf, buf3.buf))
-			die("creating '%s' failed", buf.buf);
+			die(_("creating '%s' failed"), buf.buf);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int remove_branches(struct string_list *branches)
 {
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int i, result = 0;
+
+	if (repack_without_refs(branches, &err))
+		result |= error("%s", err.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < branches->nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = branches->items + i;
 		const char *refname = item->string;
-		unsigned char *sha1 = item->util;
 
-		if (delete_ref(refname, sha1, 0))
-			result |= error("Could not remove branch %s", refname);
+		if (delete_ref(refname, NULL, 0))
+			result |= error(_("Could not remove branch %s"), refname);
 	}
+
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -789,15 +792,11 @@ static int rm(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
 	if (!remote)
-		die("No such remote: %s", argv[1]);
+		die(_("No such remote: %s"), argv[1]);
 
 	known_remotes.to_delete = remote;
 	for_each_remote(add_known_remote, &known_remotes);
 
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s", remote->name);
-	if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 1)
-		return error("Could not remove config section '%s'", buf.buf);
-
 	read_branches();
 	for (i = 0; i < branch_list.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = branch_list.items + i;
@@ -830,17 +829,24 @@ static int rm(int argc, const char **argv)
 	string_list_clear(&branches, 1);
 
 	if (skipped.nr) {
-		fprintf(stderr, skipped.nr == 1 ?
-			"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
-			"to delete it, use:\n" :
-			"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
-			"to delete them, use:\n");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   Q_("Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+			      "to delete it, use:",
+			      "Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+			      "to delete them, use:",
+			      skipped.nr));
 		for (i = 0; i < skipped.nr; i++)
 			fprintf(stderr, "  git branch -d %s\n",
 				skipped.items[i].string);
 	}
 	string_list_clear(&skipped, 0);
 
+	if (!result) {
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "remote.%s", remote->name);
+		if (git_config_rename_section(buf.buf, NULL) < 1)
+			return error(_("Could not remove config section '%s'"), buf.buf);
+	}
+
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -886,7 +892,7 @@ static int get_remote_ref_states(const char *name,
 
 	states->remote = remote_get(name);
 	if (!states->remote)
-		return error("No such remote: %s", name);
+		return error(_("No such remote: %s"), name);
 
 	read_branches();
 
@@ -905,7 +911,7 @@ static int get_remote_ref_states(const char *name,
 			get_push_ref_states(remote_refs, states);
 	} else {
 		for_each_ref(append_ref_to_tracked_list, states);
-		sort_string_list(&states->tracked);
+		string_list_sort(&states->tracked);
 		get_push_ref_states_noquery(states);
 	}
 
@@ -939,14 +945,14 @@ static int show_remote_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 		const char *fmt = "%s";
 		const char *arg = "";
 		if (string_list_has_string(&states->new, name)) {
-			fmt = " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)";
+			fmt = _(" new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)");
 			arg = states->remote->name;
 		} else if (string_list_has_string(&states->tracked, name))
-			arg = " tracked";
+			arg = _(" tracked");
 		else if (string_list_has_string(&states->stale, name))
-			arg = " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)";
+			arg = _(" stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)");
 		else
-			arg = " ???";
+			arg = _(" ???");
 		printf("    %-*s", info->width, name);
 		printf(fmt, arg);
 		printf("\n");
@@ -987,21 +993,21 @@ static int show_local_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 	int i;
 
 	if (branch_info->rebase && branch_info->merge.nr > 1) {
-		error("invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch",
+		error(_("invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"),
 			item->string);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	printf("    %-*s ", show_info->width, item->string);
 	if (branch_info->rebase) {
-		printf("rebases onto remote %s\n", merge->items[0].string);
+		printf_ln(_("rebases onto remote %s"), merge->items[0].string);
 		return 0;
 	} else if (show_info->any_rebase) {
-		printf(" merges with remote %s\n", merge->items[0].string);
-		also = "    and with remote";
+		printf_ln(_(" merges with remote %s"), merge->items[0].string);
+		also = _("    and with remote");
 	} else {
-		printf("merges with remote %s\n", merge->items[0].string);
-		also = "   and with remote";
+		printf_ln(_("merges with remote %s"), merge->items[0].string);
+		also = _("   and with remote");
 	}
 	for (i = 1; i < merge->nr; i++)
 		printf("    %-*s %s %s\n", show_info->width, "", also,
@@ -1043,44 +1049,109 @@ static int show_push_info_item(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct show_info *show_info = cb_data;
 	struct push_info *push_info = item->util;
-	char *src = item->string, *status = NULL;
+	const char *src = item->string, *status = NULL;
 
 	switch (push_info->status) {
 	case PUSH_STATUS_CREATE:
-		status = "create";
+		status = _("create");
 		break;
 	case PUSH_STATUS_DELETE:
-		status = "delete";
-		src = "(none)";
+		status = _("delete");
+		src = _("(none)");
 		break;
 	case PUSH_STATUS_UPTODATE:
-		status = "up to date";
+		status = _("up to date");
 		break;
 	case PUSH_STATUS_FASTFORWARD:
-		status = "fast-forwardable";
+		status = _("fast-forwardable");
 		break;
 	case PUSH_STATUS_OUTOFDATE:
-		status = "local out of date";
+		status = _("local out of date");
 		break;
 	case PUSH_STATUS_NOTQUERIED:
 		break;
 	}
-	if (status)
-		printf("    %-*s %s to %-*s (%s)\n", show_info->width, src,
-			push_info->forced ? "forces" : "pushes",
-			show_info->width2, push_info->dest, status);
-	else
-		printf("    %-*s %s to %s\n", show_info->width, src,
-			push_info->forced ? "forces" : "pushes",
-			push_info->dest);
+	if (status) {
+		if (push_info->forced)
+			printf_ln(_("    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"), show_info->width, src,
+			       show_info->width2, push_info->dest, status);
+		else
+			printf_ln(_("    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"), show_info->width, src,
+			       show_info->width2, push_info->dest, status);
+	} else {
+		if (push_info->forced)
+			printf_ln(_("    %-*s forces to %s"), show_info->width, src,
+			       push_info->dest);
+		else
+			printf_ln(_("    %-*s pushes to %s"), show_info->width, src,
+			       push_info->dest);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_one_entry(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
+{
+	struct string_list *list = priv;
+	struct strbuf url_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char **url;
+	int i, url_nr;
+
+	if (remote->url_nr > 0) {
+		strbuf_addf(&url_buf, "%s (fetch)", remote->url[0]);
+		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util =
+				strbuf_detach(&url_buf, NULL);
+	} else
+		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util = NULL;
+	if (remote->pushurl_nr) {
+		url = remote->pushurl;
+		url_nr = remote->pushurl_nr;
+	} else {
+		url = remote->url;
+		url_nr = remote->url_nr;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++)
+	{
+		strbuf_addf(&url_buf, "%s (push)", url[i]);
+		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util =
+				strbuf_detach(&url_buf, NULL);
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int show_all(void)
+{
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int result;
+
+	list.strdup_strings = 1;
+	result = for_each_remote(get_one_entry, &list);
+
+	if (!result) {
+		int i;
+
+		string_list_sort(&list);
+		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+			struct string_list_item *item = list.items + i;
+			if (verbose)
+				printf("%s\t%s\n", item->string,
+					item->util ? (const char *)item->util : "");
+			else {
+				if (i && !strcmp((item - 1)->string, item->string))
+					continue;
+				printf("%s\n", item->string);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&list, 1);
+	return result;
+}
+
 static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	int no_query = 0, result = 0, query_flag = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', NULL, &no_query, "do not query remotes"),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', NULL, &no_query, N_("do not query remotes")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	struct ref_states states;
@@ -1107,9 +1178,9 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 		get_remote_ref_states(*argv, &states, query_flag);
 
-		printf("* remote %s\n", *argv);
-		printf("  Fetch URL: %s\n", states.remote->url_nr > 0 ?
-			states.remote->url[0] : "(no URL)");
+		printf_ln(_("* remote %s"), *argv);
+		printf_ln(_("  Fetch URL: %s"), states.remote->url_nr > 0 ?
+		       states.remote->url[0] : _("(no URL)"));
 		if (states.remote->pushurl_nr) {
 			url = states.remote->pushurl;
 			url_nr = states.remote->pushurl_nr;
@@ -1118,18 +1189,18 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 			url_nr = states.remote->url_nr;
 		}
 		for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++)
-			printf("  Push  URL: %s\n", url[i]);
+			printf_ln(_("  Push  URL: %s"), url[i]);
 		if (!i)
-			printf("  Push  URL: %s\n", "(no URL)");
+			printf_ln(_("  Push  URL: %s"), "(no URL)");
 		if (no_query)
-			printf("  HEAD branch: (not queried)\n");
+			printf_ln(_("  HEAD branch: %s"), "(not queried)");
 		else if (!states.heads.nr)
-			printf("  HEAD branch: (unknown)\n");
+			printf_ln(_("  HEAD branch: %s"), "(unknown)");
 		else if (states.heads.nr == 1)
-			printf("  HEAD branch: %s\n", states.heads.items[0].string);
+			printf_ln(_("  HEAD branch: %s"), states.heads.items[0].string);
 		else {
-			printf("  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous,"
-			       " may be one of the following):\n");
+			printf(_("  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous,"
+				 " may be one of the following):\n"));
 			for (i = 0; i < states.heads.nr; i++)
 				printf("    %s\n", states.heads.items[i].string);
 		}
@@ -1140,9 +1211,10 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 		for_each_string_list(&states.tracked, add_remote_to_show_info, &info);
 		for_each_string_list(&states.stale, add_remote_to_show_info, &info);
 		if (info.list->nr)
-			printf("  Remote branch%s:%s\n",
-			       info.list->nr > 1 ? "es" : "",
-				no_query ? " (status not queried)" : "");
+			printf_ln(Q_("  Remote branch:%s",
+				     "  Remote branches:%s",
+				     info.list->nr),
+				  no_query ? _(" (status not queried)") : "");
 		for_each_string_list(info.list, show_remote_info_item, &info);
 		string_list_clear(info.list, 0);
 
@@ -1151,23 +1223,25 @@ static int show(int argc, const char **argv)
 		info.any_rebase = 0;
 		for_each_string_list(&branch_list, add_local_to_show_info, &info);
 		if (info.list->nr)
-			printf("  Local branch%s configured for 'git pull':\n",
-			       info.list->nr > 1 ? "es" : "");
+			printf_ln(Q_("  Local branch configured for 'git pull':",
+				     "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':",
+				     info.list->nr));
 		for_each_string_list(info.list, show_local_info_item, &info);
 		string_list_clear(info.list, 0);
 
 		/* git push info */
 		if (states.remote->mirror)
-			printf("  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'\n");
+			printf_ln(_("  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"));
 
 		info.width = info.width2 = 0;
 		for_each_string_list(&states.push, add_push_to_show_info, &info);
 		qsort(info.list->items, info.list->nr,
 			sizeof(*info.list->items), cmp_string_with_push);
 		if (info.list->nr)
-			printf("  Local ref%s configured for 'git push'%s:\n",
-				info.list->nr > 1 ? "s" : "",
-				no_query ? " (status not queried)" : "");
+			printf_ln(Q_("  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:",
+				     "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:",
+				     info.list->nr),
+				  no_query ? _(" (status not queried)") : "");
 		for_each_string_list(info.list, show_push_info_item, &info);
 		string_list_clear(info.list, 0);
 
@@ -1184,10 +1258,10 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 	char *head_name = NULL;
 
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "auto", &opt_a,
-			    "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &opt_d,
-			    "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "auto", &opt_a,
+			 N_("set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &opt_d,
+			 N_("delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_sethead_usage,
@@ -1202,10 +1276,10 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 		memset(&states, 0, sizeof(states));
 		get_remote_ref_states(argv[0], &states, GET_HEAD_NAMES);
 		if (!states.heads.nr)
-			result |= error("Cannot determine remote HEAD");
+			result |= error(_("Cannot determine remote HEAD"));
 		else if (states.heads.nr > 1) {
-			result |= error("Multiple remote HEAD branches. "
-					"Please choose one explicitly with:");
+			result |= error(_("Multiple remote HEAD branches. "
+					  "Please choose one explicitly with:"));
 			for (i = 0; i < states.heads.nr; i++)
 				fprintf(stderr, "  git remote set-head %s %s\n",
 					argv[0], states.heads.items[i].string);
@@ -1214,7 +1288,7 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 		free_remote_ref_states(&states);
 	} else if (opt_d && !opt_a && argc == 1) {
 		if (delete_ref(buf.buf, NULL, REF_NODEREF))
-			result |= error("Could not delete %s", buf.buf);
+			result |= error(_("Could not delete %s"), buf.buf);
 	} else
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_sethead_usage, options);
 
@@ -1222,9 +1296,9 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 		strbuf_addf(&buf2, "refs/remotes/%s/%s", argv[0], head_name);
 		/* make sure it's valid */
 		if (!ref_exists(buf2.buf))
-			result |= error("Not a valid ref: %s", buf2.buf);
+			result |= error(_("Not a valid ref: %s"), buf2.buf);
 		else if (create_symref(buf.buf, buf2.buf, "remote set-head"))
-			result |= error("Could not setup %s", buf.buf);
+			result |= error(_("Could not setup %s"), buf.buf);
 		if (opt_a)
 			printf("%s/HEAD set to %s\n", argv[0], head_name);
 		free(head_name);
@@ -1235,60 +1309,82 @@ static int set_head(int argc, const char **argv)
 	return result;
 }
 
-static int prune(int argc, const char **argv)
-{
-	int dry_run = 0, result = 0;
-	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, "dry run"),
-		OPT_END()
-	};
-
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_prune_usage,
-			     0);
-
-	if (argc < 1)
-		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_prune_usage, options);
-
-	for (; argc; argc--, argv++)
-		result |= prune_remote(*argv, dry_run);
-
-	return result;
-}
-
 static int prune_remote(const char *remote, int dry_run)
 {
-	int result = 0, i;
+	int result = 0;
 	struct ref_states states;
+	struct string_list refs_to_prune = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
 	const char *dangling_msg = dry_run
-		? " %s will become dangling!\n"
-		: " %s has become dangling!\n";
+		? _(" %s will become dangling!")
+		: _(" %s has become dangling!");
 
 	memset(&states, 0, sizeof(states));
 	get_remote_ref_states(remote, &states, GET_REF_STATES);
 
-	if (states.stale.nr) {
-		printf("Pruning %s\n", remote);
-		printf("URL: %s\n",
-		       states.remote->url_nr
-		       ? states.remote->url[0]
-		       : "(no URL)");
+	if (!states.stale.nr) {
+		free_remote_ref_states(&states);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	printf_ln(_("Pruning %s"), remote);
+	printf_ln(_("URL: %s"),
+		  states.remote->url_nr
+		  ? states.remote->url[0]
+		  : _("(no URL)"));
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &states.stale)
+		string_list_append(&refs_to_prune, item->util);
+	string_list_sort(&refs_to_prune);
+
+	if (!dry_run) {
+		struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (repack_without_refs(&refs_to_prune, &err))
+			result |= error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
 	}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < states.stale.nr; i++) {
-		const char *refname = states.stale.items[i].util;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &states.stale) {
+		const char *refname = item->util;
 
 		if (!dry_run)
 			result |= delete_ref(refname, NULL, 0);
 
-		printf(" * [%s] %s\n", dry_run ? "would prune" : "pruned",
-		       abbrev_ref(refname, "refs/remotes/"));
-		warn_dangling_symref(stdout, dangling_msg, refname);
+		if (dry_run)
+			printf_ln(_(" * [would prune] %s"),
+			       abbrev_ref(refname, "refs/remotes/"));
+		else
+			printf_ln(_(" * [pruned] %s"),
+			       abbrev_ref(refname, "refs/remotes/"));
 	}
 
+	warn_dangling_symrefs(stdout, dangling_msg, &refs_to_prune);
+
+	string_list_clear(&refs_to_prune, 0);
 	free_remote_ref_states(&states);
 	return result;
 }
 
+static int prune(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int dry_run = 0, result = 0;
+	struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__DRY_RUN(&dry_run, N_("dry run")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_prune_usage,
+			     0);
+
+	if (argc < 1)
+		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_prune_usage, options);
+
+	for (; argc; argc--, argv++)
+		result |= prune_remote(*argv, dry_run);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
 static int get_remote_default(const char *key, const char *value, void *priv)
 {
 	if (strcmp(key, "remotes.default") == 0) {
@@ -1300,42 +1396,42 @@ static int get_remote_default(const char *key, const char *value, void *priv)
 
 static int update(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
-	int i, prune = 0;
+	int i, prune = -1;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "prune", &prune,
-			    "prune remotes after fetching"),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "prune", &prune,
+			 N_("prune remotes after fetching")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
-	const char **fetch_argv;
-	int fetch_argc = 0;
+	struct argv_array fetch_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	int default_defined = 0;
-
-	fetch_argv = xmalloc(sizeof(char *) * (argc+5));
+	int retval;
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_update_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
 
-	fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "fetch";
+	argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "fetch");
 
-	if (prune)
-		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "--prune";
+	if (prune != -1)
+		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, prune ? "--prune" : "--no-prune");
 	if (verbose)
-		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "-v";
-	fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "--multiple";
+		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "-v");
+	argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "--multiple");
 	if (argc < 2)
-		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = "default";
+		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "default");
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
-		fetch_argv[fetch_argc++] = argv[i];
+		argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, argv[i]);
 
-	if (strcmp(fetch_argv[fetch_argc-1], "default") == 0) {
+	if (strcmp(fetch_argv.argv[fetch_argv.argc-1], "default") == 0) {
 		git_config(get_remote_default, &default_defined);
-		if (!default_defined)
-			fetch_argv[fetch_argc-1] = "--all";
+		if (!default_defined) {
+			argv_array_pop(&fetch_argv);
+			argv_array_push(&fetch_argv, "--all");
+		}
 	}
 
-	fetch_argv[fetch_argc] = NULL;
-
-	return run_command_v_opt(fetch_argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	retval = run_command_v_opt(fetch_argv.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&fetch_argv);
+	return retval;
 }
 
 static int remove_all_fetch_refspecs(const char *remote, const char *key)
@@ -1369,7 +1465,7 @@ static int set_remote_branches(const char *remotename, const char **branches,
 	strbuf_addf(&key, "remote.%s.fetch", remotename);
 
 	if (!remote_is_configured(remotename))
-		die("No such remote '%s'", remotename);
+		die(_("No such remote '%s'"), remotename);
 	remote = remote_get(remotename);
 
 	if (!add_mode && remove_all_fetch_refspecs(remotename, key.buf)) {
@@ -1389,14 +1485,14 @@ static int set_branches(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	int add_mode = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode, "add branch"),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "add", &add_mode, N_("add branch")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options,
 			     builtin_remote_setbranches_usage, 0);
 	if (argc == 0) {
-		error("no remote specified");
+		error(_("no remote specified"));
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_setbranches_usage, options);
 	}
 	argv[argc] = NULL;
@@ -1417,19 +1513,19 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 	int urlset_nr;
 	struct strbuf name_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "push", &push_mode,
-			    "manipulate push URLs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "add", &add_mode,
-			    "add URL"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('\0', "delete", &delete_mode,
-			    "delete URLs"),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "push", &push_mode,
+			 N_("manipulate push URLs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "add", &add_mode,
+			 N_("add URL")),
+		OPT_BOOL('\0', "delete", &delete_mode,
+			    N_("delete URLs")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, builtin_remote_seturl_usage,
 			     PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
 
 	if (add_mode && delete_mode)
-		die("--add --delete doesn't make sense");
+		die(_("--add --delete doesn't make sense"));
 
 	if (argc < 3 || argc > 4 || ((add_mode || delete_mode) && argc != 3))
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_seturl_usage, options);
@@ -1443,7 +1539,7 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 		oldurl = newurl;
 
 	if (!remote_is_configured(remotename))
-		die("No such remote '%s'", remotename);
+		die(_("No such remote '%s'"), remotename);
 	remote = remote_get(remotename);
 
 	if (push_mode) {
@@ -1469,7 +1565,7 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	/* Old URL specified. Demand that one matches. */
 	if (regcomp(&old_regex, oldurl, REG_EXTENDED))
-		die("Invalid old URL pattern: %s", oldurl);
+		die(_("Invalid old URL pattern: %s"), oldurl);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < urlset_nr; i++)
 		if (!regexec(&old_regex, urlset[i], 0, NULL, 0))
@@ -1477,9 +1573,9 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 		else
 			negative_matches++;
 	if (!delete_mode && !matches)
-		die("No such URL found: %s", oldurl);
+		die(_("No such URL found: %s"), oldurl);
 	if (delete_mode && !negative_matches && !push_mode)
-		die("Will not delete all non-push URLs");
+		die(_("Will not delete all non-push URLs"));
 
 	regfree(&old_regex);
 
@@ -1490,68 +1586,10 @@ static int set_url(int argc, const char **argv)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_one_entry(struct remote *remote, void *priv)
-{
-	struct string_list *list = priv;
-	struct strbuf url_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char **url;
-	int i, url_nr;
-
-	if (remote->url_nr > 0) {
-		strbuf_addf(&url_buf, "%s (fetch)", remote->url[0]);
-		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util =
-				strbuf_detach(&url_buf, NULL);
-	} else
-		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util = NULL;
-	if (remote->pushurl_nr) {
-		url = remote->pushurl;
-		url_nr = remote->pushurl_nr;
-	} else {
-		url = remote->url;
-		url_nr = remote->url_nr;
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < url_nr; i++)
-	{
-		strbuf_addf(&url_buf, "%s (push)", url[i]);
-		string_list_append(list, remote->name)->util =
-				strbuf_detach(&url_buf, NULL);
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int show_all(void)
-{
-	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	int result;
-
-	list.strdup_strings = 1;
-	result = for_each_remote(get_one_entry, &list);
-
-	if (!result) {
-		int i;
-
-		sort_string_list(&list);
-		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-			struct string_list_item *item = list.items + i;
-			if (verbose)
-				printf("%s\t%s\n", item->string,
-					item->util ? (const char *)item->util : "");
-			else {
-				if (i && !strcmp((item - 1)->string, item->string))
-					continue;
-				printf("%s\n", item->string);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	string_list_clear(&list, 1);
-	return result;
-}
-
 int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 	int result;
@@ -1565,7 +1603,7 @@ int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		result = add(argc, argv);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rename"))
 		result = mv(argc, argv);
-	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rm"))
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "rm") || !strcmp(argv[0], "remove"))
 		result = rm(argc, argv);
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "set-head"))
 		result = set_head(argc, argv);
@@ -1580,7 +1618,7 @@ int cmd_remote(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "update"))
 		result = update(argc, argv);
 	else {
-		error("Unknown subcommand: %s", argv[0]);
+		error(_("Unknown subcommand: %s"), argv[0]);
 		usage_with_options(builtin_remote_usage, options);
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/repack.c b/builtin/repack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2edeb0f4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/repack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+static int delta_base_offset = 1;
+static int pack_kept_objects = -1;
+static int write_bitmaps;
+static char *packdir, *packtmp;
+
+static const char *const git_repack_usage[] = {
+	N_("git repack [<options>]"),
+	NULL
+};
+
+static int repack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "repack.usedeltabaseoffset")) {
+		delta_base_offset = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "repack.packkeptobjects")) {
+		pack_kept_objects = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "repack.writebitmaps") ||
+	    !strcmp(var, "pack.writebitmaps")) {
+		write_bitmaps = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove temporary $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY/pack/.tmp-$$-pack-* files.
+ */
+static void remove_temporary_files(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t dirlen, prefixlen;
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+
+	dir = opendir(packdir);
+	if (!dir)
+		return;
+
+	/* Point at the slash at the end of ".../objects/pack/" */
+	dirlen = strlen(packdir) + 1;
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, packtmp);
+	/* Hold the length of  ".tmp-%d-pack-" */
+	prefixlen = buf.len - dirlen;
+
+	while ((e = readdir(dir))) {
+		if (strncmp(e->d_name, buf.buf + dirlen, prefixlen))
+			continue;
+		strbuf_setlen(&buf, dirlen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, e->d_name);
+		unlink(buf.buf);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static void remove_pack_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_temporary_files();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adds all packs hex strings to the fname list, which do not
+ * have a corresponding .keep file.
+ */
+static void get_non_kept_pack_filenames(struct string_list *fname_list)
+{
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	char *fname;
+
+	if (!(dir = opendir(packdir)))
+		return;
+
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+		size_t len;
+		if (!strip_suffix(e->d_name, ".pack", &len))
+			continue;
+
+		fname = xmemdupz(e->d_name, len);
+
+		if (!file_exists(mkpath("%s/%s.keep", packdir, fname)))
+			string_list_append_nodup(fname_list, fname);
+		else
+			free(fname);
+	}
+	closedir(dir);
+}
+
+static void remove_redundant_pack(const char *dir_name, const char *base_name)
+{
+	const char *exts[] = {".pack", ".idx", ".keep", ".bitmap"};
+	int i;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t plen;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/%s", dir_name, base_name);
+	plen = buf.len;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(exts); i++) {
+		strbuf_setlen(&buf, plen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, exts[i]);
+		unlink(buf.buf);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+#define ALL_INTO_ONE 1
+#define LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE 2
+
+int cmd_repack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct {
+		const char *name;
+		unsigned optional:1;
+	} exts[] = {
+		{".pack"},
+		{".idx"},
+		{".bitmap", 1},
+	};
+	struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct string_list names = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list rollback = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list existing_packs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ext, ret, failed;
+	FILE *out;
+
+	/* variables to be filled by option parsing */
+	int pack_everything = 0;
+	int delete_redundant = 0;
+	const char *unpack_unreachable = NULL;
+	const char *window = NULL, *window_memory = NULL;
+	const char *depth = NULL;
+	const char *max_pack_size = NULL;
+	int no_reuse_delta = 0, no_reuse_object = 0;
+	int no_update_server_info = 0;
+	int quiet = 0;
+	int local = 0;
+
+	struct option builtin_repack_options[] = {
+		OPT_BIT('a', NULL, &pack_everything,
+				N_("pack everything in a single pack"), ALL_INTO_ONE),
+		OPT_BIT('A', NULL, &pack_everything,
+				N_("same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"),
+				   LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE | ALL_INTO_ONE),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &delete_redundant,
+				N_("remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed")),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', NULL, &no_reuse_delta,
+				N_("pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL('F', NULL, &no_reuse_object,
+				N_("pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', NULL, &no_update_server_info,
+				N_("do not run git-update-server-info")),
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("be quiet")),
+		OPT_BOOL('l', "local", &local,
+				N_("pass --local to git-pack-objects")),
+		OPT_BOOL('b', "write-bitmap-index", &write_bitmaps,
+				N_("write bitmap index")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "unpack-unreachable", &unpack_unreachable, N_("approxidate"),
+				N_("with -A, do not loosen objects older than this")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "window", &window, N_("n"),
+				N_("size of the window used for delta compression")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "window-memory", &window_memory, N_("bytes"),
+				N_("same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth, N_("n"),
+				N_("limits the maximum delta depth")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "max-pack-size", &max_pack_size, N_("bytes"),
+				N_("maximum size of each packfile")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "pack-kept-objects", &pack_kept_objects,
+				N_("repack objects in packs marked with .keep")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(repack_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_repack_options,
+				git_repack_usage, 0);
+
+	if (pack_kept_objects < 0)
+		pack_kept_objects = write_bitmaps;
+
+	packdir = mkpathdup("%s/pack", get_object_directory());
+	packtmp = mkpathdup("%s/.tmp-%d-pack", packdir, (int)getpid());
+
+	sigchain_push_common(remove_pack_on_signal);
+
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "pack-objects");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--keep-true-parents");
+	if (!pack_kept_objects)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--honor-pack-keep");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--non-empty");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--all");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--reflog");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--indexed-objects");
+	if (window)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--window=%s", window);
+	if (window_memory)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--window-memory=%s", window_memory);
+	if (depth)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--depth=%s", depth);
+	if (max_pack_size)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--max-pack-size=%s", max_pack_size);
+	if (no_reuse_delta)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--no-reuse-delta");
+	if (no_reuse_object)
+		argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args, "--no-reuse-object");
+	if (write_bitmaps)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--write-bitmap-index");
+
+	if (pack_everything & ALL_INTO_ONE) {
+		get_non_kept_pack_filenames(&existing_packs);
+
+		if (existing_packs.nr && delete_redundant) {
+			if (unpack_unreachable) {
+				argv_array_pushf(&cmd.args,
+						"--unpack-unreachable=%s",
+						unpack_unreachable);
+				argv_array_push(&cmd.env_array, "GIT_REF_PARANOIA=1");
+			} else if (pack_everything & LOOSEN_UNREACHABLE) {
+				argv_array_push(&cmd.args,
+						"--unpack-unreachable");
+			} else {
+				argv_array_push(&cmd.env_array, "GIT_REF_PARANOIA=1");
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--unpacked");
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--incremental");
+	}
+
+	if (local)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args,  "--local");
+	if (quiet)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args,  "--quiet");
+	if (delta_base_offset)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args,  "--delta-base-offset");
+
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, packtmp);
+
+	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+	cmd.out = -1;
+	cmd.no_stdin = 1;
+
+	ret = start_command(&cmd);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	out = xfdopen(cmd.out, "r");
+	while (strbuf_getline(&line, out, '\n') != EOF) {
+		if (line.len != 40)
+			die("repack: Expecting 40 character sha1 lines only from pack-objects.");
+		string_list_append(&names, line.buf);
+	}
+	fclose(out);
+	ret = finish_command(&cmd);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!names.nr && !quiet)
+		printf("Nothing new to pack.\n");
+
+	/*
+	 * Ok we have prepared all new packfiles.
+	 * First see if there are packs of the same name and if so
+	 * if we can move them out of the way (this can happen if we
+	 * repacked immediately after packing fully.
+	 */
+	failed = 0;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &names) {
+		for (ext = 0; ext < ARRAY_SIZE(exts); ext++) {
+			char *fname, *fname_old;
+			fname = mkpathdup("%s/pack-%s%s", packdir,
+						item->string, exts[ext].name);
+			if (!file_exists(fname)) {
+				free(fname);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			fname_old = mkpath("%s/old-%s%s", packdir,
+						item->string, exts[ext].name);
+			if (file_exists(fname_old))
+				if (unlink(fname_old))
+					failed = 1;
+
+			if (!failed && rename(fname, fname_old)) {
+				free(fname);
+				failed = 1;
+				break;
+			} else {
+				string_list_append(&rollback, fname);
+			}
+		}
+		if (failed)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (failed) {
+		struct string_list rollback_failure = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &rollback) {
+			char *fname, *fname_old;
+			fname = mkpathdup("%s/%s", packdir, item->string);
+			fname_old = mkpath("%s/old-%s", packdir, item->string);
+			if (rename(fname_old, fname))
+				string_list_append(&rollback_failure, fname);
+			free(fname);
+		}
+
+		if (rollback_failure.nr) {
+			int i;
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"WARNING: Some packs in use have been renamed by\n"
+				"WARNING: prefixing old- to their name, in order to\n"
+				"WARNING: replace them with the new version of the\n"
+				"WARNING: file.  But the operation failed, and the\n"
+				"WARNING: attempt to rename them back to their\n"
+				"WARNING: original names also failed.\n"
+				"WARNING: Please rename them in %s manually:\n", packdir);
+			for (i = 0; i < rollback_failure.nr; i++)
+				fprintf(stderr, "WARNING:   old-%s -> %s\n",
+					rollback_failure.items[i].string,
+					rollback_failure.items[i].string);
+		}
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	/* Now the ones with the same name are out of the way... */
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &names) {
+		for (ext = 0; ext < ARRAY_SIZE(exts); ext++) {
+			char *fname, *fname_old;
+			struct stat statbuffer;
+			int exists = 0;
+			fname = mkpathdup("%s/pack-%s%s",
+					packdir, item->string, exts[ext].name);
+			fname_old = mkpathdup("%s-%s%s",
+					packtmp, item->string, exts[ext].name);
+			if (!stat(fname_old, &statbuffer)) {
+				statbuffer.st_mode &= ~(S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH);
+				chmod(fname_old, statbuffer.st_mode);
+				exists = 1;
+			}
+			if (exists || !exts[ext].optional) {
+				if (rename(fname_old, fname))
+					die_errno(_("renaming '%s' failed"), fname_old);
+			}
+			free(fname);
+			free(fname_old);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Remove the "old-" files */
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, &names) {
+		for (ext = 0; ext < ARRAY_SIZE(exts); ext++) {
+			char *fname;
+			fname = mkpath("%s/old-%s%s",
+					packdir,
+					item->string,
+					exts[ext].name);
+			if (remove_path(fname))
+				warning(_("removing '%s' failed"), fname);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* End of pack replacement. */
+
+	if (delete_redundant) {
+		int opts = 0;
+		string_list_sort(&names);
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &existing_packs) {
+			char *sha1;
+			size_t len = strlen(item->string);
+			if (len < 40)
+				continue;
+			sha1 = item->string + len - 40;
+			if (!string_list_has_string(&names, sha1))
+				remove_redundant_pack(packdir, item->string);
+		}
+		if (!quiet && isatty(2))
+			opts |= PRUNE_PACKED_VERBOSE;
+		prune_packed_objects(opts);
+	}
+
+	if (!no_update_server_info)
+		update_server_info(0);
+	remove_temporary_files();
+	string_list_clear(&names, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&rollback, 0);
+	string_list_clear(&existing_packs, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/replace.c b/builtin/replace.c
index 4a8970e9c9..54bf01acb4 100644
--- a/builtin/replace.c
+++ b/builtin/replace.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
  *
- * Based on builtin-tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
+ * Based on builtin/tag.c by Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
  * and Carlos Rica <jasampler@gmail.com> that was itself based on
  * git-tag.sh and mktag.c by Linus Torvalds.
  */
@@ -12,31 +12,77 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "tag.h"
 
 static const char * const git_replace_usage[] = {
-	"git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>",
-	"git replace -d <object>...",
-	"git replace -l [<pattern>]",
+	N_("git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"),
+	N_("git replace [-f] --edit <object>"),
+	N_("git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"),
+	N_("git replace -d <object>..."),
+	N_("git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
+enum replace_format {
+	REPLACE_FORMAT_SHORT,
+	REPLACE_FORMAT_MEDIUM,
+	REPLACE_FORMAT_LONG
+};
+
+struct show_data {
+	const char *pattern;
+	enum replace_format format;
+};
+
 static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 			  int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	const char *pattern = cb_data;
+	struct show_data *data = cb_data;
 
-	if (!fnmatch(pattern, refname, 0))
-		printf("%s\n", refname);
+	if (!wildmatch(data->pattern, refname, 0, NULL)) {
+		if (data->format == REPLACE_FORMAT_SHORT)
+			printf("%s\n", refname);
+		else if (data->format == REPLACE_FORMAT_MEDIUM)
+			printf("%s -> %s\n", refname, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		else { /* data->format == REPLACE_FORMAT_LONG */
+			unsigned char object[20];
+			enum object_type obj_type, repl_type;
+
+			if (get_sha1(refname, object))
+				return error("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", refname);
+
+			obj_type = sha1_object_info(object, NULL);
+			repl_type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+
+			printf("%s (%s) -> %s (%s)\n", refname, typename(obj_type),
+			       sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(repl_type));
+		}
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int list_replace_refs(const char *pattern)
+static int list_replace_refs(const char *pattern, const char *format)
 {
+	struct show_data data;
+
 	if (pattern == NULL)
 		pattern = "*";
+	data.pattern = pattern;
 
-	for_each_replace_ref(show_reference, (void *) pattern);
+	if (format == NULL || *format == '\0' || !strcmp(format, "short"))
+		data.format = REPLACE_FORMAT_SHORT;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "medium"))
+		data.format = REPLACE_FORMAT_MEDIUM;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "long"))
+		data.format = REPLACE_FORMAT_LONG;
+	else
+		die("invalid replace format '%s'\n"
+		    "valid formats are 'short', 'medium' and 'long'\n",
+		    format);
+
+	for_each_replace_ref(show_reference, (void *) &data);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -46,24 +92,27 @@ typedef int (*each_replace_name_fn)(const char *name, const char *ref,
 
 static int for_each_replace_name(const char **argv, each_replace_name_fn fn)
 {
-	const char **p;
+	const char **p, *full_hex;
 	char ref[PATH_MAX];
 	int had_error = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	for (p = argv; *p; p++) {
-		if (snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "refs/replace/%s", *p)
-					>= sizeof(ref)) {
-			error("replace ref name too long: %.*s...", 50, *p);
+		if (get_sha1(*p, sha1)) {
+			error("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", *p);
 			had_error = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
+		full_hex = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
+		snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref), "refs/replace/%s", full_hex);
+		/* read_ref() may reuse the buffer */
+		full_hex = ref + strlen("refs/replace/");
 		if (read_ref(ref, sha1)) {
-			error("replace ref '%s' not found.", *p);
+			error("replace ref '%s' not found.", full_hex);
 			had_error = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (fn(*p, ref, sha1))
+		if (fn(full_hex, ref, sha1))
 			had_error = 1;
 	}
 	return had_error;
@@ -78,21 +127,15 @@ static int delete_replace_ref(const char *name, const char *ref,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int replace_object(const char *object_ref, const char *replace_ref,
-			  int force)
+static void check_ref_valid(unsigned char object[20],
+			    unsigned char prev[20],
+			    char *ref,
+			    int ref_size,
+			    int force)
 {
-	unsigned char object[20], prev[20], repl[20];
-	char ref[PATH_MAX];
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-
-	if (get_sha1(object_ref, object))
-		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", object_ref);
-	if (get_sha1(replace_ref, repl))
-		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", replace_ref);
-
-	if (snprintf(ref, sizeof(ref),
+	if (snprintf(ref, ref_size,
 		     "refs/replace/%s",
-		     sha1_to_hex(object)) > sizeof(ref) - 1)
+		     sha1_to_hex(object)) > ref_size - 1)
 		die("replace ref name too long: %.*s...", 50, ref);
 	if (check_refname_format(ref, 0))
 		die("'%s' is not a valid ref name.", ref);
@@ -101,59 +144,355 @@ static int replace_object(const char *object_ref, const char *replace_ref,
 		hashclr(prev);
 	else if (!force)
 		die("replace ref '%s' already exists", ref);
+}
+
+static int replace_object_sha1(const char *object_ref,
+			       unsigned char object[20],
+			       const char *replace_ref,
+			       unsigned char repl[20],
+			       int force)
+{
+	unsigned char prev[20];
+	enum object_type obj_type, repl_type;
+	char ref[PATH_MAX];
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	obj_type = sha1_object_info(object, NULL);
+	repl_type = sha1_object_info(repl, NULL);
+	if (!force && obj_type != repl_type)
+		die("Objects must be of the same type.\n"
+		    "'%s' points to a replaced object of type '%s'\n"
+		    "while '%s' points to a replacement object of type '%s'.",
+		    object_ref, typename(obj_type),
+		    replace_ref, typename(repl_type));
 
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref, prev, 0);
-	if (!lock)
-		die("%s: cannot lock the ref", ref);
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, repl, NULL) < 0)
-		die("%s: cannot update the ref", ref);
+	check_ref_valid(object, prev, ref, sizeof(ref), force);
 
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref, repl, prev,
+				   0, NULL, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int replace_object(const char *object_ref, const char *replace_ref, int force)
+{
+	unsigned char object[20], repl[20];
+
+	if (get_sha1(object_ref, object))
+		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", object_ref);
+	if (get_sha1(replace_ref, repl))
+		die("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref.", replace_ref);
+
+	return replace_object_sha1(object_ref, object, replace_ref, repl, force);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the contents of the object named by "sha1" to the file "filename".
+ * If "raw" is true, then the object's raw contents are printed according to
+ * "type". Otherwise, we pretty-print the contents for human editing.
+ */
+static void export_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
+			  int raw, const char *filename)
+{
+	struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to open %s for writing", filename);
+
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "--no-replace-objects");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "cat-file");
+	if (raw)
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, typename(type));
+	else
+		argv_array_push(&cmd.args, "-p");
+	argv_array_push(&cmd.args, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+	cmd.out = fd;
+
+	if (run_command(&cmd))
+		die("cat-file reported failure");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read a previously-exported (and possibly edited) object back from "filename",
+ * interpreting it as "type", and writing the result to the object database.
+ * The sha1 of the written object is returned via sha1.
+ */
+static void import_object(unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type,
+			  int raw, const char *filename)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to open %s for reading", filename);
+
+	if (!raw && type == OBJ_TREE) {
+		const char *argv[] = { "mktree", NULL };
+		struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+		struct strbuf result = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		cmd.argv = argv;
+		cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+		cmd.in = fd;
+		cmd.out = -1;
+
+		if (start_command(&cmd))
+			die("unable to spawn mktree");
+
+		if (strbuf_read(&result, cmd.out, 41) < 0)
+			die_errno("unable to read from mktree");
+		close(cmd.out);
+
+		if (finish_command(&cmd))
+			die("mktree reported failure");
+		if (get_sha1_hex(result.buf, sha1) < 0)
+			die("mktree did not return an object name");
+
+		strbuf_release(&result);
+	} else {
+		struct stat st;
+		int flags = HASH_FORMAT_CHECK | HASH_WRITE_OBJECT;
+
+		if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+			die_errno("unable to fstat %s", filename);
+		if (index_fd(sha1, fd, &st, type, NULL, flags) < 0)
+			die("unable to write object to database");
+		/* index_fd close()s fd for us */
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No need to close(fd) here; both run-command and index-fd
+	 * will have done it for us.
+	 */
+}
+
+static int edit_and_replace(const char *object_ref, int force, int raw)
+{
+	char *tmpfile = git_pathdup("REPLACE_EDITOBJ");
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned char old[20], new[20], prev[20];
+	char ref[PATH_MAX];
+
+	if (get_sha1(object_ref, old) < 0)
+		die("Not a valid object name: '%s'", object_ref);
+
+	type = sha1_object_info(old, NULL);
+	if (type < 0)
+		die("unable to get object type for %s", sha1_to_hex(old));
+
+	check_ref_valid(old, prev, ref, sizeof(ref), force);
+
+	export_object(old, type, raw, tmpfile);
+	if (launch_editor(tmpfile, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+		die("editing object file failed");
+	import_object(new, type, raw, tmpfile);
+
+	free(tmpfile);
+
+	if (!hashcmp(old, new))
+		return error("new object is the same as the old one: '%s'", sha1_to_hex(old));
+
+	return replace_object_sha1(object_ref, old, "replacement", new, force);
+}
+
+static void replace_parents(struct strbuf *buf, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct strbuf new_parents = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *parent_start, *parent_end;
+	int i;
+
+	/* find existing parents */
+	parent_start = buf->buf;
+	parent_start += 46; /* "tree " + "hex sha1" + "\n" */
+	parent_end = parent_start;
+
+	while (starts_with(parent_end, "parent "))
+		parent_end += 48; /* "parent " + "hex sha1" + "\n" */
+
+	/* prepare new parents */
+	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (get_sha1(argv[i], sha1) < 0)
+			die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'"), argv[i]);
+		lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, argv[i]);
+		strbuf_addf(&new_parents, "parent %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	/* replace existing parents with new ones */
+	strbuf_splice(buf, parent_start - buf->buf, parent_end - parent_start,
+		      new_parents.buf, new_parents.len);
+
+	strbuf_release(&new_parents);
+}
+
+struct check_mergetag_data {
+	int argc;
+	const char **argv;
+};
+
+static void check_one_mergetag(struct commit *commit,
+			       struct commit_extra_header *extra,
+			       void *data)
+{
+	struct check_mergetag_data *mergetag_data = (struct check_mergetag_data *)data;
+	const char *ref = mergetag_data->argv[0];
+	unsigned char tag_sha1[20];
+	struct tag *tag;
+	int i;
+
+	hash_sha1_file(extra->value, extra->len, typename(OBJ_TAG), tag_sha1);
+	tag = lookup_tag(tag_sha1);
+	if (!tag)
+		die(_("bad mergetag in commit '%s'"), ref);
+	if (parse_tag_buffer(tag, extra->value, extra->len))
+		die(_("malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"), ref);
+
+	/* iterate over new parents */
+	for (i = 1; i < mergetag_data->argc; i++) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		if (get_sha1(mergetag_data->argv[i], sha1) < 0)
+			die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'"), mergetag_data->argv[i]);
+		if (!hashcmp(tag->tagged->sha1, sha1))
+			return; /* found */
+	}
+
+	die(_("original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; "
+	      "use --edit instead of --graft"), ref, sha1_to_hex(tag_sha1));
+}
+
+static void check_mergetags(struct commit *commit, int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct check_mergetag_data mergetag_data;
+
+	mergetag_data.argc = argc;
+	mergetag_data.argv = argv;
+	for_each_mergetag(check_one_mergetag, commit, &mergetag_data);
+}
+
+static int create_graft(int argc, const char **argv, int force)
+{
+	unsigned char old[20], new[20];
+	const char *old_ref = argv[0];
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *buffer;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	if (get_sha1(old_ref, old) < 0)
+		die(_("Not a valid object name: '%s'"), old_ref);
+	commit = lookup_commit_or_die(old, old_ref);
+
+	buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, &size);
+	strbuf_add(&buf, buffer, size);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
+
+	replace_parents(&buf, argc - 1, &argv[1]);
+
+	if (remove_signature(&buf)) {
+		warning(_("the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."), old_ref);
+		warning(_("the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"));
+	}
+
+	check_mergetags(commit, argc, argv);
+
+	if (write_sha1_file(buf.buf, buf.len, commit_type, new))
+		die(_("could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"), old_ref);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	if (!hashcmp(old, new))
+		return error("new commit is the same as the old one: '%s'", sha1_to_hex(old));
+
+	return replace_object_sha1(old_ref, old, "replacement", new, force);
+}
+
 int cmd_replace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int list = 0, delete = 0, force = 0;
+	int force = 0;
+	int raw = 0;
+	const char *format = NULL;
+	enum {
+		MODE_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+		MODE_LIST,
+		MODE_DELETE,
+		MODE_EDIT,
+		MODE_GRAFT,
+		MODE_REPLACE
+	} cmdmode = MODE_UNSPECIFIED;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', NULL, &list, "list replace refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, "delete replace refs"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('f', NULL, &force, "replace the ref if it exists"),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('l', "list", &cmdmode, N_("list replace refs"), MODE_LIST),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('d', "delete", &cmdmode, N_("delete replace refs"), MODE_DELETE),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('e', "edit", &cmdmode, N_("edit existing object"), MODE_EDIT),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('g', "graft", &cmdmode, N_("change a commit's parents"), MODE_GRAFT),
+		OPT_BOOL('f', "force", &force, N_("replace the ref if it exists")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "raw", &raw, N_("do not pretty-print contents for --edit")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "format", &format, N_("format"), N_("use this format")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
+
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_replace_usage, 0);
 
-	if (list && delete)
-		usage_msg_opt("-l and -d cannot be used together",
+	if (!cmdmode)
+		cmdmode = argc ? MODE_REPLACE : MODE_LIST;
+
+	if (format && cmdmode != MODE_LIST)
+		usage_msg_opt("--format cannot be used when not listing",
+			      git_replace_usage, options);
+
+	if (force &&
+	    cmdmode != MODE_REPLACE &&
+	    cmdmode != MODE_EDIT &&
+	    cmdmode != MODE_GRAFT)
+		usage_msg_opt("-f only makes sense when writing a replacement",
 			      git_replace_usage, options);
 
-	if (force && (list || delete))
-		usage_msg_opt("-f cannot be used with -d or -l",
+	if (raw && cmdmode != MODE_EDIT)
+		usage_msg_opt("--raw only makes sense with --edit",
 			      git_replace_usage, options);
 
-	/* Delete refs */
-	if (delete) {
+	switch (cmdmode) {
+	case MODE_DELETE:
 		if (argc < 1)
 			usage_msg_opt("-d needs at least one argument",
 				      git_replace_usage, options);
 		return for_each_replace_name(argv, delete_replace_ref);
-	}
 
-	/* Replace object */
-	if (!list && argc) {
+	case MODE_REPLACE:
 		if (argc != 2)
 			usage_msg_opt("bad number of arguments",
 				      git_replace_usage, options);
 		return replace_object(argv[0], argv[1], force);
-	}
 
-	/* List refs, even if "list" is not set */
-	if (argc > 1)
-		usage_msg_opt("only one pattern can be given with -l",
-			      git_replace_usage, options);
-	if (force)
-		usage_msg_opt("-f needs some arguments",
-			      git_replace_usage, options);
+	case MODE_EDIT:
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage_msg_opt("-e needs exactly one argument",
+				      git_replace_usage, options);
+		return edit_and_replace(argv[0], force, raw);
+
+	case MODE_GRAFT:
+		if (argc < 1)
+			usage_msg_opt("-g needs at least one argument",
+				      git_replace_usage, options);
+		return create_graft(argc, argv, force);
 
-	return list_replace_refs(argv[0]);
+	case MODE_LIST:
+		if (argc > 1)
+			usage_msg_opt("only one pattern can be given with -l",
+				      git_replace_usage, options);
+		return list_replace_refs(argv[0], format);
+
+	default:
+		die("BUG: invalid cmdmode %d", (int)cmdmode);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/builtin/rerere.c b/builtin/rerere.c
index 08213c7c0b..7afadd2ead 100644
--- a/builtin/rerere.c
+++ b/builtin/rerere.c
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@
 #include "rerere.h"
 #include "xdiff/xdiff.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char * const rerere_usage[] = {
-	"git rerere [clear | forget path... | status | remaining | diff | gc]",
+	N_("git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"),
 	NULL,
 };
 
@@ -53,12 +54,14 @@ int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "rerere-autoupdate", &autoupdate,
-			"register clean resolutions in index", 1),
+			N_("register clean resolutions in index"), 1),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, rerere_usage, 0);
 
+	git_config(git_xmerge_config, NULL);
+
 	if (autoupdate == 1)
 		flags = RERERE_AUTOUPDATE;
 	if (autoupdate == 0)
@@ -68,11 +71,12 @@ int cmd_rerere(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		return rerere(flags);
 
 	if (!strcmp(argv[0], "forget")) {
-		const char **pathspec;
+		struct pathspec pathspec;
 		if (argc < 2)
 			warning("'git rerere forget' without paths is deprecated");
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv + 1);
-		return rerere_forget(pathspec);
+		parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0, PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+			       prefix, argv + 1);
+		return rerere_forget(&pathspec);
 	}
 
 	fd = setup_rerere(&merge_rr, flags);
diff --git a/builtin/reset.c b/builtin/reset.c
index 8c2c1d52a2..4c08ddc1ca 100644
--- a/builtin/reset.c
+++ b/builtin/reset.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Linus Torvalds and Junio C Hamano
  */
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "commit.h"
@@ -22,9 +23,9 @@
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 
 static const char * const git_reset_usage[] = {
-	"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]",
-	"git reset [-q] <commit> [--] <paths>...",
-	"git reset --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...]",
+	N_("git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"),
+	N_("git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."),
+	N_("git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -38,14 +39,12 @@ static inline int is_merge(void)
 	return !access(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), F_OK);
 }
 
-static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
+static int reset_index(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet)
 {
 	int nr = 1;
-	int newfd;
 	struct tree_desc desc[2];
 	struct tree *tree;
 	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
 	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
 	opts.head_idx = 1;
@@ -67,8 +66,6 @@ static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet
 		opts.reset = 1;
 	}
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
-
 	read_cache_unmerged();
 
 	if (reset_type == KEEP) {
@@ -88,23 +85,21 @@ static int reset_index_file(const unsigned char *sha1, int reset_type, int quiet
 
 	if (reset_type == MIXED || reset_type == HARD) {
 		tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
-		prime_cache_tree(&active_cache_tree, tree);
+		prime_cache_tree(&the_index, tree);
 	}
 
-	if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	    commit_locked_index(lock))
-		return error(_("Could not write new index file."));
-
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void print_new_head_line(struct commit *commit)
 {
 	const char *hex, *body;
+	const char *msg;
 
 	hex = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 	printf(_("HEAD is now at %s"), hex);
-	body = strstr(commit->buffer, "\n\n");
+	msg = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, get_log_output_encoding());
+	body = strstr(msg, "\n\n");
 	if (body) {
 		const char *eol;
 		size_t len;
@@ -115,92 +110,57 @@ static void print_new_head_line(struct commit *commit)
 	}
 	else
 		printf("\n");
-}
-
-static int update_index_refresh(int fd, struct lock_file *index_lock, int flags)
-{
-	int result;
-
-	if (!index_lock) {
-		index_lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-		fd = hold_locked_index(index_lock, 1);
-	}
-
-	if (read_cache() < 0)
-		return error(_("Could not read index"));
-
-	result = refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL,
-			       _("Unstaged changes after reset:")) ? 1 : 0;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			commit_locked_index(index_lock))
-		return error ("Could not refresh index");
-	return result;
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, msg);
 }
 
 static void update_index_from_diff(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 		struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
 {
 	int i;
-	int *discard_flag = data;
-
-	/* do_diff_cache() mangled the index */
-	discard_cache();
-	*discard_flag = 1;
-	read_cache();
+	int intent_to_add = *(int *)data;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filespec *one = q->queue[i]->one;
-		if (one->mode && !is_null_sha1(one->sha1)) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce;
-			ce = make_cache_entry(one->mode, one->sha1, one->path,
-				0, 0);
-			if (!ce)
-				die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"),
-				    one->path);
-			add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD |
-				ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
-		} else
-			remove_file_from_cache(one->path);
-	}
-}
-
-static int interactive_reset(const char *revision, const char **argv,
-			     const char *prefix)
-{
-	const char **pathspec = NULL;
+		int is_missing = !(one->mode && !is_null_sha1(one->sha1));
+		struct cache_entry *ce;
 
-	if (*argv)
-		pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
+		if (is_missing && !intent_to_add) {
+			remove_file_from_cache(one->path);
+			continue;
+		}
 
-	return run_add_interactive(revision, "--patch=reset", pathspec);
+		ce = make_cache_entry(one->mode, one->sha1, one->path,
+				      0, 0);
+		if (!ce)
+			die(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"),
+			    one->path);
+		if (is_missing) {
+			ce->ce_flags |= CE_INTENT_TO_ADD;
+			set_object_name_for_intent_to_add_entry(ce);
+		}
+		add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+	}
 }
 
-static int read_from_tree(const char *prefix, const char **argv,
-		unsigned char *tree_sha1, int refresh_flags)
+static int read_from_tree(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			  unsigned char *tree_sha1,
+			  int intent_to_add)
 {
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
-	int index_fd, index_was_discarded = 0;
 	struct diff_options opt;
 
 	memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(get_pathspec(prefix, (const char **)argv), &opt);
+	copy_pathspec(&opt.pathspec, pathspec);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 	opt.format_callback = update_index_from_diff;
-	opt.format_callback_data = &index_was_discarded;
+	opt.format_callback_data = &intent_to_add;
 
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
-	index_was_discarded = 0;
-	read_cache();
 	if (do_diff_cache(tree_sha1, &opt))
 		return 1;
 	diffcore_std(&opt);
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	free_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 
-	if (!index_was_discarded)
-		/* The index is still clobbered from do_diff_cache() */
-		discard_cache();
-	return update_index_refresh(index_fd, lock, refresh_flags);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void set_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb, const char *action,
@@ -219,158 +179,211 @@ static void set_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb, const char *action,
 
 static void die_if_unmerged_cache(int reset_type)
 {
-	if (is_merge() || read_cache() < 0 || unmerged_cache())
+	if (is_merge() || unmerged_cache())
 		die(_("Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."),
 		    _(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
 
 }
 
-int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+static void parse_args(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		       const char **argv, const char *prefix,
+		       int patch_mode,
+		       const char **rev_ret)
 {
-	int i = 0, reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
-	int patch_mode = 0;
 	const char *rev = "HEAD";
-	unsigned char sha1[20], *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
-				*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
-	struct commit *commit;
-	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "be quiet, only report errors"),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "mixed", &reset_type,
-						"reset HEAD and index", MIXED),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "soft", &reset_type, "reset only HEAD", SOFT),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "hard", &reset_type,
-				"reset HEAD, index and working tree", HARD),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "merge", &reset_type,
-				"reset HEAD, index and working tree", MERGE),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep", &reset_type,
-				"reset HEAD but keep local changes", KEEP),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('p', "patch", &patch_mode, "select hunks interactively"),
-		OPT_END()
-	};
-
-	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
-
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_reset_usage,
-						PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
-
+	unsigned char unused[20];
 	/*
 	 * Possible arguments are:
 	 *
-	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] <rev> -- <paths>...
-	 * git reset [-opts] -- <paths>...
+	 * git reset [-opts] [<rev>]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <tree> [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] <tree> -- [<paths>...]
+	 * git reset [-opts] -- [<paths>...]
 	 * git reset [-opts] <paths>...
 	 *
-	 * At this point, argv[i] points immediately after [-opts].
+	 * At this point, argv points immediately after [-opts].
 	 */
 
-	if (i < argc) {
-		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
-			i++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
-		} else if (i + 1 < argc && !strcmp(argv[i+1], "--")) {
-			rev = argv[i];
-			i += 2;
+	if (argv[0]) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--")) {
+			argv++; /* reset to HEAD, possibly with paths */
+		} else if (argv[1] && !strcmp(argv[1], "--")) {
+			rev = argv[0];
+			argv += 2;
 		}
 		/*
-		 * Otherwise, argv[i] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
-		 * has to be unambiguous.
+		 * Otherwise, argv[0] could be either <rev> or <paths> and
+		 * has to be unambiguous. If there is a single argument, it
+		 * can not be a tree
 		 */
-		else if (!get_sha1(argv[i], sha1)) {
+		else if ((!argv[1] && !get_sha1_committish(argv[0], unused)) ||
+			 (argv[1] && !get_sha1_treeish(argv[0], unused))) {
 			/*
-			 * Ok, argv[i] looks like a rev; it should not
+			 * Ok, argv[0] looks like a commit/tree; it should not
 			 * be a filename.
 			 */
-			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[i]);
-			rev = argv[i++];
+			verify_non_filename(prefix, argv[0]);
+			rev = *argv++;
 		} else {
 			/* Otherwise we treat this as a filename */
-			verify_filename(prefix, argv[i]);
+			verify_filename(prefix, argv[0], 1);
 		}
 	}
+	*rev_ret = rev;
 
-	if (get_sha1(rev, sha1))
-		die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), rev);
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
-	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-	if (!commit)
-		die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
-	hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+	parse_pathspec(pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP |
+		       (patch_mode ? PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN : 0),
+		       prefix, argv);
+}
+
+static int reset_refs(const char *rev, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int update_ref_status;
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char *orig = NULL, sha1_orig[20],
+		*old_orig = NULL, sha1_old_orig[20];
+
+	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
+		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
+	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
+		orig = sha1_orig;
+		set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating ORIG_HEAD", NULL);
+		update_ref(msg.buf, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0,
+			   UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR);
+	} else if (old_orig)
+		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
+	set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating HEAD", rev);
+	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0,
+				       UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR);
+	strbuf_release(&msg);
+	return update_ref_status;
+}
+
+int cmd_reset(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int reset_type = NONE, update_ref_status = 0, quiet = 0;
+	int patch_mode = 0, unborn;
+	const char *rev;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	int intent_to_add = 0;
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("be quiet, only report errors")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "mixed", &reset_type,
+						N_("reset HEAD and index"), MIXED),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "soft", &reset_type, N_("reset only HEAD"), SOFT),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "hard", &reset_type,
+				N_("reset HEAD, index and working tree"), HARD),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "merge", &reset_type,
+				N_("reset HEAD, index and working tree"), MERGE),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "keep", &reset_type,
+				N_("reset HEAD but keep local changes"), KEEP),
+		OPT_BOOL('p', "patch", &patch_mode, N_("select hunks interactively")),
+		OPT_BOOL('N', "intent-to-add", &intent_to_add,
+				N_("record only the fact that removed paths will be added later")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, git_reset_usage,
+						PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH);
+	parse_args(&pathspec, argv, prefix, patch_mode, &rev);
+
+	unborn = !strcmp(rev, "HEAD") && get_sha1("HEAD", sha1);
+	if (unborn) {
+		/* reset on unborn branch: treat as reset to empty tree */
+		hashcpy(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+	} else if (!pathspec.nr) {
+		struct commit *commit;
+		if (get_sha1_committish(rev, sha1))
+			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."), rev);
+		commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+		if (!commit)
+			die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
+		hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
+	} else {
+		struct tree *tree;
+		if (get_sha1_treeish(rev, sha1))
+			die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."), rev);
+		tree = parse_tree_indirect(sha1);
+		if (!tree)
+			die(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), rev);
+		hashcpy(sha1, tree->object.sha1);
+	}
 
 	if (patch_mode) {
 		if (reset_type != NONE)
 			die(_("--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"));
-		return interactive_reset(rev, argv + i, prefix);
+		return run_add_interactive(rev, "--patch=reset", &pathspec);
 	}
 
 	/* git reset tree [--] paths... can be used to
 	 * load chosen paths from the tree into the index without
 	 * affecting the working tree nor HEAD. */
-	if (i < argc) {
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
 		if (reset_type == MIXED)
 			warning(_("--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."));
 		else if (reset_type != NONE)
 			die(_("Cannot do %s reset with paths."),
 					_(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
-		return read_from_tree(prefix, argv + i, sha1,
-				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
 	}
 	if (reset_type == NONE)
 		reset_type = MIXED; /* by default */
 
-	if (reset_type != SOFT && reset_type != MIXED)
+	if (reset_type != SOFT && (reset_type != MIXED || get_git_work_tree()))
 		setup_work_tree();
 
 	if (reset_type == MIXED && is_bare_repository())
 		die(_("%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"),
 		    _(reset_type_names[reset_type]));
 
+	if (intent_to_add && reset_type != MIXED)
+		die(_("-N can only be used with --mixed"));
+
 	/* Soft reset does not touch the index file nor the working tree
 	 * at all, but requires them in a good order.  Other resets reset
 	 * the index file to the tree object we are switching to. */
-	if (reset_type == SOFT)
+	if (reset_type == SOFT || reset_type == KEEP)
 		die_if_unmerged_cache(reset_type);
-	else {
-		int err;
-		if (reset_type == KEEP)
-			die_if_unmerged_cache(reset_type);
-		err = reset_index_file(sha1, reset_type, quiet);
-		if (reset_type == KEEP)
-			err = err || reset_index_file(sha1, MIXED, quiet);
-		if (err)
-			die(_("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."), rev);
-	}
 
-	/* Any resets update HEAD to the head being switched to,
-	 * saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
-	if (!get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", sha1_old_orig))
-		old_orig = sha1_old_orig;
-	if (!get_sha1("HEAD", sha1_orig)) {
-		orig = sha1_orig;
-		set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating ORIG_HEAD", NULL);
-		update_ref(msg.buf, "ORIG_HEAD", orig, old_orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
-	}
-	else if (old_orig)
-		delete_ref("ORIG_HEAD", old_orig, 0);
-	set_reflog_message(&msg, "updating HEAD", rev);
-	update_ref_status = update_ref(msg.buf, "HEAD", sha1, orig, 0, MSG_ON_ERR);
+	if (reset_type != SOFT) {
+		struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*lock));
+		hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+		if (reset_type == MIXED) {
+			int flags = quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN;
+			if (read_from_tree(&pathspec, sha1, intent_to_add))
+				return 1;
+			if (get_git_work_tree())
+				refresh_index(&the_index, flags, NULL, NULL,
+					      _("Unstaged changes after reset:"));
+		} else {
+			int err = reset_index(sha1, reset_type, quiet);
+			if (reset_type == KEEP && !err)
+				err = reset_index(sha1, MIXED, quiet);
+			if (err)
+				die(_("Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."), rev);
+		}
 
-	switch (reset_type) {
-	case HARD:
-		if (!update_ref_status && !quiet)
-			print_new_head_line(commit);
-		break;
-	case SOFT: /* Nothing else to do. */
-		break;
-	case MIXED: /* Report what has not been updated. */
-		update_index_refresh(0, NULL,
-				quiet ? REFRESH_QUIET : REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
-		break;
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
+			die(_("Could not write new index file."));
 	}
 
-	remove_branch_state();
+	if (!pathspec.nr && !unborn) {
+		/* Any resets without paths update HEAD to the head being
+		 * switched to, saving the previous head in ORIG_HEAD before. */
+		update_ref_status = reset_refs(rev, sha1);
 
-	strbuf_release(&msg);
+		if (reset_type == HARD && !update_ref_status && !quiet)
+			print_new_head_line(lookup_commit_reference(sha1));
+	}
+	if (!pathspec.nr)
+		remove_branch_state();
 
 	return update_ref_status;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/rev-list.c b/builtin/rev-list.c
index 4c4d404afc..ff84a825ff 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-list.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-list.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-bitmap.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "graph.h"
@@ -104,12 +106,14 @@ static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
 	else
 		putchar('\n');
 
-	if (revs->verbose_header && commit->buffer) {
+	if (revs->verbose_header && get_cached_commit_buffer(commit, NULL)) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.abbrev = revs->abbrev;
 		ctx.date_mode = revs->date_mode;
+		ctx.date_mode_explicit = revs->date_mode_explicit;
 		ctx.fmt = revs->commit_format;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &buf);
 		if (revs->graph) {
 			if (buf.len) {
@@ -169,8 +173,7 @@ static void finish_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
 		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
 		commit->parents = NULL;
 	}
-	free(commit->buffer);
-	commit->buffer = NULL;
+	free_commit_buffer(commit);
 }
 
 static void finish_object(struct object *obj,
@@ -200,55 +203,6 @@ static void show_edge(struct commit *commit)
 	printf("-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 }
 
-static inline int log2i(int n)
-{
-	int log2 = 0;
-
-	for (; n > 1; n >>= 1)
-		log2++;
-
-	return log2;
-}
-
-static inline int exp2i(int n)
-{
-	return 1 << n;
-}
-
-/*
- * Estimate the number of bisect steps left (after the current step)
- *
- * For any x between 0 included and 2^n excluded, the probability for
- * n - 1 steps left looks like:
- *
- * P(2^n + x) == (2^n - x) / (2^n + x)
- *
- * and P(2^n + x) < 0.5 means 2^n < 3x
- */
-int estimate_bisect_steps(int all)
-{
-	int n, x, e;
-
-	if (all < 3)
-		return 0;
-
-	n = log2i(all);
-	e = exp2i(n);
-	x = all - e;
-
-	return (e < 3 * x) ? n : n - 1;
-}
-
-void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
-		       const char *format_cur,
-		       const char *format_last)
-{
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
-		const char *format = list->next ? format_cur : format_last;
-		printf(format, sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
-	}
-}
-
 static void print_var_str(const char *var, const char *val)
 {
 	printf("%s='%s'\n", var, val);
@@ -304,6 +258,18 @@ static int show_bisect_vars(struct rev_list_info *info, int reaches, int all)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int show_object_fast(
+	const unsigned char *sha1,
+	enum object_type type,
+	int exclude,
+	uint32_t name_hash,
+	struct packed_git *found_pack,
+	off_t found_offset)
+{
+	fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	return 1;
+}
+
 int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct rev_info revs;
@@ -312,6 +278,7 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int bisect_list = 0;
 	int bisect_show_vars = 0;
 	int bisect_find_all = 0;
+	int use_bitmap_index = 0;
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	init_revisions(&revs, prefix);
@@ -353,6 +320,14 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			bisect_show_vars = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--use-bitmap-index")) {
+			use_bitmap_index = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--test-bitmap")) {
+			test_bitmap_walk(&revs);
+			return 0;
+		}
 		usage(rev_list_usage);
 
 	}
@@ -369,7 +344,7 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		revs.commit_format = CMIT_FMT_RAW;
 
 	if ((!revs.commits &&
-	     (!(revs.tag_objects||revs.tree_objects||revs.blob_objects) &&
+	     (!(revs.tag_objects || revs.tree_objects || revs.blob_objects) &&
 	      !revs.pending.nr)) ||
 	    revs.diff)
 		usage(rev_list_usage);
@@ -380,10 +355,26 @@ int cmd_rev_list(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (bisect_list)
 		revs.limited = 1;
 
+	if (use_bitmap_index) {
+		if (revs.count && !revs.left_right && !revs.cherry_mark) {
+			uint32_t commit_count;
+			if (!prepare_bitmap_walk(&revs)) {
+				count_bitmap_commit_list(&commit_count, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+				printf("%d\n", commit_count);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		} else if (revs.tag_objects && revs.tree_objects && revs.blob_objects) {
+			if (!prepare_bitmap_walk(&revs)) {
+				traverse_bitmap_commit_list(&show_object_fast);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	if (revs.tree_objects)
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, show_edge);
 
 	if (bisect_list) {
 		int reaches = reaches, all = all;
diff --git a/builtin/rev-parse.c b/builtin/rev-parse.c
index 98d1cbecca..3626c61da6 100644
--- a/builtin/rev-parse.c
+++ b/builtin/rev-parse.c
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
 
 #define DO_REVS		1
 #define DO_NOREV	2
@@ -30,6 +33,9 @@ static int abbrev_ref;
 static int abbrev_ref_strict;
 static int output_sq;
 
+static int stuck_long;
+static struct string_list *ref_excludes;
+
 /*
  * Some arguments are relevant "revision" arguments,
  * others are about output format or other details.
@@ -145,6 +151,7 @@ static void show_rev(int type, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name)
 				error("refname '%s' is ambiguous", name);
 				break;
 			}
+			free(full);
 		} else {
 			show_with_type(type, name);
 		}
@@ -185,6 +192,8 @@ static int show_default(void)
 
 static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
+	if (ref_excluded(ref_excludes, refname))
+		return 0;
 	show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, refname);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -195,6 +204,12 @@ static int anti_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int fl
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int show_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data)
+{
+	show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, NULL);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void show_datestring(const char *flag, const char *datestr)
 {
 	static char buffer[100];
@@ -206,11 +221,17 @@ static void show_datestring(const char *flag, const char *datestr)
 	show(buffer);
 }
 
-static int show_file(const char *arg)
+static int show_file(const char *arg, int output_prefix)
 {
 	show_default();
 	if ((filter & (DO_NONFLAGS|DO_NOREV)) == (DO_NONFLAGS|DO_NOREV)) {
-		show(arg);
+		if (output_prefix) {
+			const char *prefix = startup_info->prefix;
+			show(prefix_filename(prefix,
+					     prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0,
+					     arg));
+		} else
+			show(arg);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -224,6 +245,7 @@ static int try_difference(const char *arg)
 	const char *next;
 	const char *this;
 	int symmetric;
+	static const char head_by_default[] = "HEAD";
 
 	if (!(dotdot = strstr(arg, "..")))
 		return 0;
@@ -235,10 +257,21 @@ static int try_difference(const char *arg)
 	next += symmetric;
 
 	if (!*next)
-		next = "HEAD";
+		next = head_by_default;
 	if (dotdot == arg)
-		this = "HEAD";
-	if (!get_sha1(this, sha1) && !get_sha1(next, end)) {
+		this = head_by_default;
+
+	if (this == head_by_default && next == head_by_default &&
+	    !symmetric) {
+		/*
+		 * Just ".."?  That is not a range but the
+		 * pathspec for the parent directory.
+		 */
+		*dotdot = '.';
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!get_sha1_committish(this, sha1) && !get_sha1_committish(next, end)) {
 		show_rev(NORMAL, end, next);
 		show_rev(symmetric ? NORMAL : REVERSED, sha1, this);
 		if (symmetric) {
@@ -246,7 +279,7 @@ static int try_difference(const char *arg)
 			struct commit *a, *b;
 			a = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 			b = lookup_commit_reference(end);
-			exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b, 1);
+			exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b);
 			while (exclude) {
 				struct commit_list *n = exclude->next;
 				show_rev(REVERSED,
@@ -255,6 +288,7 @@ static int try_difference(const char *arg)
 				exclude = n;
 			}
 		}
+		*dotdot = '.';
 		return 1;
 	}
 	*dotdot = '.';
@@ -278,8 +312,10 @@ static int try_parent_shorthands(const char *arg)
 		return 0;
 
 	*dotdot = 0;
-	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(arg, sha1)) {
+		*dotdot = '^';
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!parents_only)
 		show_rev(NORMAL, sha1, arg);
@@ -288,6 +324,7 @@ static int try_parent_shorthands(const char *arg)
 		show_rev(parents_only ? NORMAL : REVERSED,
 				parents->item->object.sha1, arg);
 
+	*dotdot = '^';
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -296,12 +333,15 @@ static int parseopt_dump(const struct option *o, const char *arg, int unset)
 	struct strbuf *parsed = o->value;
 	if (unset)
 		strbuf_addf(parsed, " --no-%s", o->long_name);
-	else if (o->short_name)
+	else if (o->short_name && (o->long_name == NULL || !stuck_long))
 		strbuf_addf(parsed, " -%c", o->short_name);
 	else
 		strbuf_addf(parsed, " --%s", o->long_name);
 	if (arg) {
-		strbuf_addch(parsed, ' ');
+		if (!stuck_long)
+			strbuf_addch(parsed, ' ');
+		else if (o->long_name)
+			strbuf_addch(parsed, '=');
 		sq_quote_buf(parsed, arg);
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -318,15 +358,17 @@ static int cmd_parseopt(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	static int keep_dashdash = 0, stop_at_non_option = 0;
 	static char const * const parseopt_usage[] = {
-		"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]",
+		N_("git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"),
 		NULL
 	};
 	static struct option parseopt_opts[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "keep-dashdash", &keep_dashdash,
-					"keep the `--` passed as an arg"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "stop-at-non-option", &stop_at_non_option,
-					"stop parsing after the "
-					"first non-option argument"),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-dashdash", &keep_dashdash,
+					N_("keep the `--` passed as an arg")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stop-at-non-option", &stop_at_non_option,
+					N_("stop parsing after the "
+					   "first non-option argument")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "stuck-long", &stuck_long,
+					N_("output in stuck long form")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -355,9 +397,10 @@ static int cmd_parseopt(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		usage[unb++] = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
 	}
 
-	/* parse: (<short>|<short>,<long>|<long>)[=?]? SP+ <help> */
+	/* parse: (<short>|<short>,<long>|<long>)[*=?!]*<arghint>? SP+ <help> */
 	while (strbuf_getline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
 		const char *s;
+		const char *end;
 		struct option *o;
 
 		if (!sb.len)
@@ -379,6 +422,16 @@ static int cmd_parseopt(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		o->value = &parsed;
 		o->flags = PARSE_OPT_NOARG;
 		o->callback = &parseopt_dump;
+
+		/* Possible argument name hint */
+		end = s;
+		while (s > sb.buf && strchr("*=?!", s[-1]) == NULL)
+			--s;
+		if (s != sb.buf && s != end)
+			o->argh = xmemdupz(s, end - s);
+		if (s == sb.buf)
+			s = end;
+
 		while (s > sb.buf && strchr("*=?!", s[-1])) {
 			switch (*--s) {
 			case '=':
@@ -443,17 +496,21 @@ static void die_no_single_rev(int quiet)
 }
 
 static const char builtin_rev_parse_usage[] =
-"git rev-parse --parseopt [options] -- [<args>...]\n"
-"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
-"   or: git rev-parse [options] [<arg>...]\n"
-"\n"
-"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage.";
+N_("git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+   "   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+   "   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+   "\n"
+   "Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage.");
 
 int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, as_is = 0, verify = 0, quiet = 0, revs_count = 0, type = 0;
+	int has_dashdash = 0;
+	int output_prefix = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
 	const char *name = NULL;
+	struct object_context unused;
 
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("--parseopt", argv[1]))
 		return cmd_parseopt(argc - 1, argv + 1, prefix);
@@ -461,32 +518,24 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("--sq-quote", argv[1]))
 		return cmd_sq_quote(argc - 2, argv + 2);
 
-	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp("--local-env-vars", argv[1])) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; local_repo_env[i]; i++)
-			printf("%s\n", local_repo_env[i]);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (argc > 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--resolve-git-dir")) {
-		const char *gitdir = resolve_gitdir(argv[2]);
-		if (!gitdir)
-			die("not a gitdir '%s'", argv[2]);
-		puts(gitdir);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
 	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp("-h", argv[1]))
 		usage(builtin_rev_parse_usage);
 
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
+			has_dashdash = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
 	prefix = setup_git_directory();
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
 
 		if (as_is) {
-			if (show_file(arg) && as_is < 2)
-				verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+			if (show_file(arg, output_prefix) && as_is < 2)
+				verify_filename(prefix, arg, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg,"-n")) {
@@ -498,7 +547,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-n")) {
+		if (starts_with(arg, "-n")) {
 			if ((filter & DO_FLAGS) && (filter & DO_REVS))
 				show(arg);
 			continue;
@@ -509,12 +558,21 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				as_is = 2;
 				/* Pass on the "--" if we show anything but files.. */
 				if (filter & (DO_FLAGS | DO_REVS))
-					show_file(arg);
+					show_file(arg, 0);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--default")) {
-				def = argv[i+1];
-				i++;
+				def = argv[++i];
+				if (!def)
+					die("--default requires an argument");
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--prefix")) {
+				prefix = argv[++i];
+				if (!prefix)
+					die("--prefix requires an argument");
+				startup_info->prefix = prefix;
+				output_prefix = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--revs-only")) {
@@ -540,10 +598,11 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--quiet") || !strcmp(arg, "-q")) {
 				quiet = 1;
+				flags |= GET_SHA1_QUIETLY;
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--short") ||
-			    !prefixcmp(arg, "--short=")) {
+			    starts_with(arg, "--short=")) {
 				filter &= ~(DO_FLAGS|DO_NOREV);
 				verify = 1;
 				abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
@@ -571,7 +630,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				symbolic = SHOW_SYMBOLIC_FULL;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev-ref") &&
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--abbrev-ref") &&
 			    (!arg[12] || arg[12] == '=')) {
 				abbrev_ref = 1;
 				abbrev_ref_strict = warn_ambiguous_refs;
@@ -589,40 +648,61 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				for_each_ref(show_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--disambiguate=")) {
+				for_each_abbrev(arg + 15, show_abbrev, NULL);
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
 				for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/bad", show_reference, NULL);
 				for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/good", anti_reference, NULL);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--branches=")) {
 				for_each_glob_ref_in(show_reference, arg + 11,
 					"refs/heads/", NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--branches")) {
 				for_each_branch_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--tags=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--tags=")) {
 				for_each_glob_ref_in(show_reference, arg + 7,
 					"refs/tags/", NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
 				for_each_tag_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--glob=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--glob=")) {
 				for_each_glob_ref(show_reference, arg + 7, NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--remotes=")) {
 				for_each_glob_ref_in(show_reference, arg + 10,
 					"refs/remotes/", NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--remotes")) {
 				for_each_remote_ref(show_reference, NULL);
+				clear_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--exclude=")) {
+				add_ref_exclusion(&ref_excludes, arg + 10);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--local-env-vars")) {
+				int i;
+				for (i = 0; local_repo_env[i]; i++)
+					printf("%s\n", local_repo_env[i]);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-toplevel")) {
@@ -634,6 +714,8 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-prefix")) {
 				if (prefix)
 					puts(prefix);
+				else
+					putchar('\n');
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-cdup")) {
@@ -657,7 +739,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--git-dir")) {
 				const char *gitdir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-				static char cwd[PATH_MAX];
+				char *cwd;
 				int len;
 				if (gitdir) {
 					puts(gitdir);
@@ -667,10 +749,20 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 					puts(".git");
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (!getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX))
-					die_errno("unable to get current working directory");
+				cwd = xgetcwd();
 				len = strlen(cwd);
 				printf("%s%s.git\n", cwd, len && cwd[len-1] != '/' ? "/" : "");
+				free(cwd);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--resolve-git-dir")) {
+				const char *gitdir = argv[++i];
+				if (!gitdir)
+					die("--resolve-git-dir requires an argument");
+				gitdir = resolve_gitdir(gitdir);
+				if (!gitdir)
+					die("not a gitdir '%s'", argv[i]);
+				puts(gitdir);
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--is-inside-git-dir")) {
@@ -688,19 +780,28 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 						: "false");
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--since=")) {
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--shared-index-path")) {
+				if (read_cache() < 0)
+					die(_("Could not read the index"));
+				if (the_index.split_index) {
+					const unsigned char *sha1 = the_index.split_index->base_sha1;
+					puts(git_path("sharedindex.%s", sha1_to_hex(sha1)));
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--since=")) {
 				show_datestring("--max-age=", arg+8);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--after=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--after=")) {
 				show_datestring("--max-age=", arg+8);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--before=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--before=")) {
 				show_datestring("--min-age=", arg+9);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--until=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--until=")) {
 				show_datestring("--min-age=", arg+8);
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -720,7 +821,7 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			name++;
 			type = REVERSED;
 		}
-		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
+		if (!get_sha1_with_context(name, flags, sha1, &unused)) {
 			if (verify)
 				revs_count++;
 			else
@@ -729,10 +830,12 @@ int cmd_rev_parse(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 		if (verify)
 			die_no_single_rev(quiet);
+		if (has_dashdash)
+			die("bad revision '%s'", arg);
 		as_is = 1;
-		if (!show_file(arg))
+		if (!show_file(arg, output_prefix))
 			continue;
-		verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+		verify_filename(prefix, arg, 1);
 	}
 	if (verify) {
 		if (revs_count == 1) {
diff --git a/builtin/revert.c b/builtin/revert.c
index e6840f23dc..56a2c36669 100644
--- a/builtin/revert.c
+++ b/builtin/revert.c
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@
  */
 
 static const char * const revert_usage[] = {
-	"git revert [options] <commit-ish>",
-	"git revert <subcommand>",
+	N_("git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."),
+	N_("git revert <subcommand>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static const char * const cherry_pick_usage[] = {
-	"git cherry-pick [options] <commit-ish>",
-	"git cherry-pick <subcommand>",
+	N_("git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."),
+	N_("git cherry-pick <subcommand>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ static int option_parse_x(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 static void verify_opt_compatible(const char *me, const char *base_opt, ...)
 {
 	const char *this_opt;
@@ -70,47 +71,29 @@ static void verify_opt_compatible(const char *me, const char *base_opt, ...)
 		die(_("%s: %s cannot be used with %s"), me, this_opt, base_opt);
 }
 
-static void verify_opt_mutually_compatible(const char *me, ...)
-{
-	const char *opt1, *opt2 = NULL;
-	va_list ap;
-
-	va_start(ap, me);
-	while ((opt1 = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
-		if (va_arg(ap, int))
-			break;
-	}
-	if (opt1) {
-		while ((opt2 = va_arg(ap, const char *))) {
-			if (va_arg(ap, int))
-				break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (opt1 && opt2)
-		die(_("%s: %s cannot be used with %s"),	me, opt1, opt2);
-}
-
 static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
 	const char * const * usage_str = revert_or_cherry_pick_usage(opts);
 	const char *me = action_name(opts);
-	int remove_state = 0;
-	int contin = 0;
-	int rollback = 0;
+	int cmd = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "quit", &remove_state, "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "continue", &contin, "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "abort", &rollback, "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "no-commit", &opts->no_commit, "don't automatically commit"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "edit", &opts->edit, "edit the commit message"),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "quit", &cmd, N_("end revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'q'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "continue", &cmd, N_("resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'c'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE(0, "abort", &cmd, N_("cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"), 'a'),
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "no-commit", &opts->no_commit, N_("don't automatically commit")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "edit", &opts->edit, N_("edit the commit message")),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG('r', NULL),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "signoff", &opts->signoff, "add Signed-off-by:"),
-		OPT_INTEGER('m', "mainline", &opts->mainline, "parent number"),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "signoff", &opts->signoff, N_("add Signed-off-by:")),
+		OPT_INTEGER('m', "mainline", &opts->mainline, N_("parent number")),
 		OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(&opts->allow_rerere_auto),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "strategy", &opts->strategy, "strategy", "merge strategy"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &opts, "option",
-			"option for merge strategy", option_parse_x),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "strategy", &opts->strategy, N_("strategy"), N_("merge strategy")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('X', "strategy-option", &opts, N_("option"),
+			N_("option for merge strategy"), option_parse_x),
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 'S', "gpg-sign", &opts->gpg_sign, N_("key-id"),
+		  N_("GPG sign commit"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t) "" },
+		OPT_END(),
+		OPT_END(),
+		OPT_END(),
 		OPT_END(),
 		OPT_END(),
 		OPT_END(),
@@ -118,8 +101,11 @@ static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 
 	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK) {
 		struct option cp_extra[] = {
-			OPT_BOOLEAN('x', NULL, &opts->record_origin, "append commit name"),
-			OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "ff", &opts->allow_ff, "allow fast-forward"),
+			OPT_BOOL('x', NULL, &opts->record_origin, N_("append commit name")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "ff", &opts->allow_ff, N_("allow fast-forward")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty", &opts->allow_empty, N_("preserve initially empty commits")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-empty-message", &opts->allow_empty_message, N_("allow commits with empty messages")),
+			OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-redundant-commits", &opts->keep_redundant_commits, N_("keep redundant, empty commits")),
 			OPT_END(),
 		};
 		if (parse_options_concat(options, ARRAY_SIZE(options), cp_extra))
@@ -130,19 +116,16 @@ static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 			PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0 |
 			PARSE_OPT_KEEP_UNKNOWN);
 
-	/* Check for incompatible subcommands */
-	verify_opt_mutually_compatible(me,
-				"--quit", remove_state,
-				"--continue", contin,
-				"--abort", rollback,
-				NULL);
+	/* implies allow_empty */
+	if (opts->keep_redundant_commits)
+		opts->allow_empty = 1;
 
 	/* Set the subcommand */
-	if (remove_state)
+	if (cmd == 'q')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_REMOVE_STATE;
-	else if (contin)
+	else if (cmd == 'c')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_CONTINUE;
-	else if (rollback)
+	else if (cmd == 'a')
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_ROLLBACK;
 	else
 		opts->subcommand = REPLAY_NONE;
@@ -181,12 +164,17 @@ static void parse_args(int argc, const char **argv, struct replay_opts *opts)
 	if (opts->subcommand != REPLAY_NONE) {
 		opts->revs = NULL;
 	} else {
+		struct setup_revision_opt s_r_opt;
 		opts->revs = xmalloc(sizeof(*opts->revs));
 		init_revisions(opts->revs, NULL);
-		opts->revs->no_walk = 1;
+		opts->revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED;
 		if (argc < 2)
 			usage_with_options(usage_str, options);
-		argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, opts->revs, NULL);
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-"))
+			argv[1] = "@{-1}";
+		memset(&s_r_opt, 0, sizeof(s_r_opt));
+		s_r_opt.assume_dashdash = 1;
+		argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, opts->revs, &s_r_opt);
 	}
 
 	if (argc > 1)
diff --git a/builtin/rm.c b/builtin/rm.c
index 90c8a5047c..3304bff42a 100644
--- a/builtin/rm.c
+++ b/builtin/rm.c
@@ -3,23 +3,111 @@
  *
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds 2006
  */
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "submodule.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char * const builtin_rm_usage[] = {
-	"git rm [options] [--] <file>...",
+	N_("git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
 static struct {
 	int nr, alloc;
-	const char **name;
+	struct {
+		const char *name;
+		char is_submodule;
+	} *entry;
 } list;
 
+static int get_ours_cache_pos(const char *path, int pos)
+{
+	int i = -pos - 1;
+
+	while ((i < active_nr) && !strcmp(active_cache[i]->name, path)) {
+		if (ce_stage(active_cache[i]) == 2)
+			return i;
+		i++;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static void print_error_files(struct string_list *files_list,
+			      const char *main_msg,
+			      const char *hints_msg,
+			      int *errs)
+{
+	if (files_list->nr) {
+		int i;
+		struct strbuf err_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&err_msg, main_msg);
+		for (i = 0; i < files_list->nr; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(&err_msg,
+				    "\n    %s",
+				    files_list->items[i].string);
+		if (advice_rm_hints)
+			strbuf_addstr(&err_msg, hints_msg);
+		*errs = error("%s", err_msg.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err_msg);
+	}
+}
+
+static void error_removing_concrete_submodules(struct string_list *files, int *errs)
+{
+	print_error_files(files,
+			  Q_("the following submodule (or one of its nested "
+			     "submodules)\n"
+			     "uses a .git directory:",
+			     "the following submodules (or one of their nested "
+			     "submodules)\n"
+			     "use a .git directory:", files->nr),
+			  _("\n(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove "
+			    "it including all of its history)"),
+			  errs);
+	string_list_clear(files, 0);
+}
+
+static int check_submodules_use_gitfiles(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	int errs = 0;
+	struct string_list files = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
+		const char *name = list.entry[i].name;
+		int pos;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
+		struct stat st;
+
+		pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			pos = get_ours_cache_pos(name, pos);
+			if (pos < 0)
+				continue;
+		}
+		ce = active_cache[pos];
+
+		if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) ||
+		    (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) ||
+		    is_empty_dir(name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(name))
+			string_list_append(&files, name);
+	}
+
+	error_removing_concrete_submodules(&files, &errs);
+
+	return errs;
+}
+
 static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 {
 	/*
@@ -31,25 +119,40 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 	 */
 	int i, no_head;
 	int errs = 0;
+	struct string_list files_staged = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_cached = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_submodule = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list files_local = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	no_head = is_null_sha1(head);
 	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
 		struct stat st;
 		int pos;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
-		const char *name = list.name[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const char *name = list.entry[i].name;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		unsigned mode;
 		int local_changes = 0;
 		int staged_changes = 0;
 
 		pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
-		if (pos < 0)
-			continue; /* removing unmerged entry */
+		if (pos < 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Skip unmerged entries except for populated submodules
+			 * that could lose history when removed.
+			 */
+			pos = get_ours_cache_pos(name, pos);
+			if (pos < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[pos]->ce_mode) ||
+			    is_empty_dir(name))
+				continue;
+		}
 		ce = active_cache[pos];
 
 		if (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) {
-			if (errno != ENOENT)
+			if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
 				warning("'%s': %s", ce->name, strerror(errno));
 			/* It already vanished from the working tree */
 			continue;
@@ -58,9 +161,10 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 			/* if a file was removed and it is now a
 			 * directory, that is the same as ENOENT as
 			 * far as git is concerned; we do not track
-			 * directories.
+			 * directories unless they are submodules.
 			 */
-			continue;
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+				continue;
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -80,8 +184,11 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 
 		/*
 		 * Is the index different from the file in the work tree?
+		 * If it's a submodule, is its work tree modified?
 		 */
-		if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0))
+		if (ce_match_stat(ce, &st, 0) ||
+		    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+		     !ok_to_remove_submodule(ce->name)))
 			local_changes = 1;
 
 		/*
@@ -106,21 +213,50 @@ static int check_local_mod(unsigned char *head, int index_only)
 		 */
 		if (local_changes && staged_changes) {
 			if (!index_only || !(ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has staged content different "
-					     "from both the file and the HEAD\n"
-					     "(use -f to force removal)"), name);
+				string_list_append(&files_staged, name);
 		}
 		else if (!index_only) {
 			if (staged_changes)
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
-					     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
-			if (local_changes)
-				errs = error(_("'%s' has local modifications\n"
-					     "(use --cached to keep the file, "
-					     "or -f to force removal)"), name);
+				string_list_append(&files_cached, name);
+			if (local_changes) {
+				if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
+				    !submodule_uses_gitfile(name))
+					string_list_append(&files_submodule, name);
+				else
+					string_list_append(&files_local, name);
+			}
 		}
 	}
+	print_error_files(&files_staged,
+			  Q_("the following file has staged content different "
+			     "from both the\nfile and the HEAD:",
+			     "the following files have staged content different"
+			     " from both the\nfile and the HEAD:",
+			     files_staged.nr),
+			  _("\n(use -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_staged, 0);
+	print_error_files(&files_cached,
+			  Q_("the following file has changes "
+			     "staged in the index:",
+			     "the following files have changes "
+			     "staged in the index:", files_cached.nr),
+			  _("\n(use --cached to keep the file,"
+			    " or -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_cached, 0);
+
+	error_removing_concrete_submodules(&files_submodule, &errs);
+
+	print_error_files(&files_local,
+			  Q_("the following file has local modifications:",
+			     "the following files have local modifications:",
+			     files_local.nr),
+			  _("\n(use --cached to keep the file,"
+			    " or -f to force removal)"),
+			  &errs);
+	string_list_clear(&files_local, 0);
+
 	return errs;
 }
 
@@ -130,22 +266,23 @@ static int show_only = 0, force = 0, index_only = 0, recursive = 0, quiet = 0;
 static int ignore_unmatch = 0;
 
 static struct option builtin_rm_options[] = {
-	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, "dry run"),
-	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, "do not list removed files"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, "only remove from the index"),
-	OPT__FORCE(&force, "override the up-to-date check"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('r', NULL,             &recursive,  "allow recursive removal"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
-				"exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"),
+	OPT__DRY_RUN(&show_only, N_("dry run")),
+	OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("do not list removed files")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "cached",         &index_only, N_("only remove from the index")),
+	OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("override the up-to-date check")),
+	OPT_BOOL('r', NULL,             &recursive,  N_("allow recursive removal")),
+	OPT_BOOL( 0 , "ignore-unmatch", &ignore_unmatch,
+				N_("exit with a zero status even if nothing matched")),
 	OPT_END(),
 };
 
 int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i, newfd;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	int i;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	char *seen;
 
+	gitmodules_config();
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_rm_options,
@@ -156,35 +293,40 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (!index_only)
 		setup_work_tree();
 
-	newfd = hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&lock_file, 1);
 
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die(_("index file corrupt"));
 
-	pathspec = get_pathspec(prefix, argv);
-	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, pathspec, NULL, NULL);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD |
+		       PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP,
+		       prefix, argv);
+	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET, &pathspec, NULL, NULL);
 
-	seen = NULL;
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i] ; i++)
-		/* nothing */;
-	seen = xcalloc(i, 1);
+	seen = xcalloc(pathspec.nr, 1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen))
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec, seen))
 			continue;
-		ALLOC_GROW(list.name, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
-		list.name[list.nr++] = ce->name;
+		ALLOC_GROW(list.entry, list.nr + 1, list.alloc);
+		list.entry[list.nr].name = xstrdup(ce->name);
+		list.entry[list.nr].is_submodule = S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode);
+		if (list.entry[list.nr++].is_submodule &&
+		    !is_staging_gitmodules_ok())
+			die (_("Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"));
 	}
 
-	if (pathspec) {
-		const char *match;
+	if (pathspec.nr) {
+		const char *original;
 		int seen_any = 0;
-		for (i = 0; (match = pathspec[i]) != NULL ; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < pathspec.nr; i++) {
+			original = pathspec.items[i].original;
 			if (!seen[i]) {
 				if (!ignore_unmatch) {
 					die(_("pathspec '%s' did not match any files"),
-					    match);
+					    original);
 				}
 			}
 			else {
@@ -192,10 +334,10 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			}
 			if (!recursive && seen[i] == MATCHED_RECURSIVELY)
 				die(_("not removing '%s' recursively without -r"),
-				    *match ? match : ".");
+				    *original ? original : ".");
 		}
 
-		if (! seen_any)
+		if (!seen_any)
 			exit(0);
 	}
 
@@ -215,6 +357,9 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			hashclr(sha1);
 		if (check_local_mod(sha1, index_only))
 			exit(1);
+	} else if (!index_only) {
+		if (check_submodules_use_gitfiles())
+			exit(1);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -222,7 +367,7 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * the index unless all of them succeed.
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-		const char *path = list.name[i];
+		const char *path = list.entry[i].name;
 		if (!quiet)
 			printf("rm '%s'\n", path);
 
@@ -242,9 +387,34 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	 * in the middle)
 	 */
 	if (!index_only) {
-		int removed = 0;
+		int removed = 0, gitmodules_modified = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++) {
-			const char *path = list.name[i];
+			const char *path = list.entry[i].name;
+			if (list.entry[i].is_submodule) {
+				if (is_empty_dir(path)) {
+					if (!rmdir(path)) {
+						removed = 1;
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+				} else {
+					struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+					strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
+					if (!remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0)) {
+						removed = 1;
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
+						strbuf_release(&buf);
+						continue;
+					} else if (!file_exists(path))
+						/* Submodule was removed by user */
+						if (!remove_path_from_gitmodules(path))
+							gitmodules_modified = 1;
+					strbuf_release(&buf);
+					/* Fallthrough and let remove_path() fail. */
+				}
+			}
 			if (!remove_path(path)) {
 				removed = 1;
 				continue;
@@ -252,11 +422,12 @@ int cmd_rm(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			if (!removed)
 				die_errno("git rm: '%s'", path);
 		}
+		if (gitmodules_modified)
+			stage_updated_gitmodules();
 	}
 
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
-		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&lock_file))
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die(_("Unable to write new index file"));
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/send-pack.c b/builtin/send-pack.c
index 9df341c793..b961e5ae78 100644
--- a/builtin/send-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/send-pack.c
@@ -5,174 +5,19 @@
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "send-pack.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "transport.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
 
 static const char send_pack_usage[] =
-"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]\n"
+"git send-pack [--all | --mirror] [--dry-run] [--force] [--receive-pack=<git-receive-pack>] [--verbose] [--thin] [--atomic] [<host>:]<directory> [<ref>...]\n"
 "  --all and explicit <ref> specification are mutually exclusive.";
 
 static struct send_pack_args args;
 
-static int feed_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int fd, int negative)
-{
-	char buf[42];
-
-	if (negative && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
-		return 1;
-
-	memcpy(buf + negative, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
-	if (negative)
-		buf[0] = '^';
-	buf[40 + negative] = '\n';
-	return write_or_whine(fd, buf, 41 + negative, "send-pack: send refs");
-}
-
-/*
- * Make a pack stream and spit it out into file descriptor fd
- */
-static int pack_objects(int fd, struct ref *refs, struct extra_have_objects *extra, struct send_pack_args *args)
-{
-	/*
-	 * The child becomes pack-objects --revs; we feed
-	 * the revision parameters to it via its stdin and
-	 * let its stdout go back to the other end.
-	 */
-	const char *argv[] = {
-		"pack-objects",
-		"--all-progress-implied",
-		"--revs",
-		"--stdout",
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-		NULL,
-	};
-	struct child_process po;
-	int i;
-
-	i = 4;
-	if (args->use_thin_pack)
-		argv[i++] = "--thin";
-	if (args->use_ofs_delta)
-		argv[i++] = "--delta-base-offset";
-	if (args->quiet || !args->progress)
-		argv[i++] = "-q";
-	if (args->progress)
-		argv[i++] = "--progress";
-	memset(&po, 0, sizeof(po));
-	po.argv = argv;
-	po.in = -1;
-	po.out = args->stateless_rpc ? -1 : fd;
-	po.git_cmd = 1;
-	if (start_command(&po))
-		die_errno("git pack-objects failed");
-
-	/*
-	 * We feed the pack-objects we just spawned with revision
-	 * parameters by writing to the pipe.
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++)
-		if (!feed_object(extra->array[i], po.in, 1))
-			break;
-
-	while (refs) {
-		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->old_sha1) &&
-		    !feed_object(refs->old_sha1, po.in, 1))
-			break;
-		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->new_sha1) &&
-		    !feed_object(refs->new_sha1, po.in, 0))
-			break;
-		refs = refs->next;
-	}
-
-	close(po.in);
-
-	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
-		char *buf = xmalloc(LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		while (1) {
-			ssize_t n = xread(po.out, buf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-			if (n <= 0)
-				break;
-			send_sideband(fd, -1, buf, n, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		}
-		free(buf);
-		close(po.out);
-		po.out = -1;
-	}
-
-	if (finish_command(&po))
-		return -1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
-{
-	struct ref *hint;
-	char line[1000];
-	int ret = 0;
-	int len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
-	if (len < 10 || memcmp(line, "unpack ", 7))
-		return error("did not receive remote status");
-	if (memcmp(line, "unpack ok\n", 10)) {
-		char *p = line + strlen(line) - 1;
-		if (*p == '\n')
-			*p = '\0';
-		error("unpack failed: %s", line + 7);
-		ret = -1;
-	}
-	hint = NULL;
-	while (1) {
-		char *refname;
-		char *msg;
-		len = packet_read_line(in, line, sizeof(line));
-		if (!len)
-			break;
-		if (len < 3 ||
-		    (memcmp(line, "ok ", 3) && memcmp(line, "ng ", 3))) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "protocol error: %s\n", line);
-			ret = -1;
-			break;
-		}
-
-		line[strlen(line)-1] = '\0';
-		refname = line + 3;
-		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
-		if (msg)
-			*msg++ = '\0';
-
-		/* first try searching at our hint, falling back to all refs */
-		if (hint)
-			hint = find_ref_by_name(hint, refname);
-		if (!hint)
-			hint = find_ref_by_name(refs, refname);
-		if (!hint) {
-			warning("remote reported status on unknown ref: %s",
-					refname);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (hint->status != REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT) {
-			warning("remote reported status on unexpected ref: %s",
-					refname);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (line[0] == 'o' && line[1] == 'k')
-			hint->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
-		else {
-			hint->status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
-			ret = -1;
-		}
-		if (msg)
-			hint->remote_status = xstrdup(msg);
-		/* start our next search from the next ref */
-		hint = hint->next;
-	}
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -201,6 +46,26 @@ static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 			msg = "non-fast forward";
 			break;
 
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "fetch first";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "needs force";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "stale info";
+			break;
+
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+			res = "error";
+			msg = "already exists";
+			break;
+
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE:
 		case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 			res = "error";
@@ -221,178 +86,11 @@ static void print_helper_status(struct ref *ref)
 		}
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 
-		safe_write(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
+		write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
-static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	int *fd = data, ret;
-#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-	close(fd[1]);
-#endif
-	ret = recv_sideband("send-pack", fd[0], out);
-	close(out);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
-	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-	      struct ref *remote_refs,
-	      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
-{
-	int in = fd[0];
-	int out = fd[1];
-	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct ref *ref;
-	int new_refs;
-	int allow_deleting_refs = 0;
-	int status_report = 0;
-	int use_sideband = 0;
-	int quiet_supported = 0;
-	unsigned cmds_sent = 0;
-	int ret;
-	struct async demux;
-
-	/* Does the other end support the reporting? */
-	if (server_supports("report-status"))
-		status_report = 1;
-	if (server_supports("delete-refs"))
-		allow_deleting_refs = 1;
-	if (server_supports("ofs-delta"))
-		args->use_ofs_delta = 1;
-	if (server_supports("side-band-64k"))
-		use_sideband = 1;
-	if (server_supports("quiet"))
-		quiet_supported = 1;
-
-	if (!remote_refs) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n"
-			"Perhaps you should specify a branch such as 'master'.\n");
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Finally, tell the other end!
-	 */
-	new_refs = 0;
-	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
-			continue;
-
-		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
-		switch (ref->status) {
-		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
-		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
-			continue;
-		default:
-			; /* do nothing */
-		}
-
-		if (ref->deletion && !allow_deleting_refs) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (!ref->deletion)
-			new_refs++;
-
-		if (args->dry_run) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
-		} else {
-			char *old_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1);
-			char *new_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1);
-			int quiet = quiet_supported && (args->quiet || !args->progress);
-
-			if (!cmds_sent && (status_report || use_sideband || args->quiet)) {
-				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s%c%s%s%s",
-						 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name, 0,
-						 status_report ? " report-status" : "",
-						 use_sideband ? " side-band-64k" : "",
-						 quiet ? " quiet" : "");
-			}
-			else
-				packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s",
-						 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name);
-			ref->status = status_report ?
-				REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT :
-				REF_STATUS_OK;
-			cmds_sent++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
-		if (!args->dry_run && cmds_sent) {
-			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
-			send_sideband(out, -1, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
-		}
-	} else {
-		safe_write(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
-		packet_flush(out);
-	}
-	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
-
-	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
-		memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
-		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
-		demux.data = fd;
-		demux.out = -1;
-		if (start_async(&demux))
-			die("send-pack: unable to fork off sideband demultiplexer");
-		in = demux.out;
-	}
-
-	if (new_refs && cmds_sent) {
-		if (pack_objects(out, remote_refs, extra_have, args) < 0) {
-			for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
-				ref->status = REF_STATUS_NONE;
-			if (args->stateless_rpc)
-				close(out);
-			if (git_connection_is_socket(conn))
-				shutdown(fd[0], SHUT_WR);
-			if (use_sideband)
-				finish_async(&demux);
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-	if (args->stateless_rpc && cmds_sent)
-		packet_flush(out);
-
-	if (status_report && cmds_sent)
-		ret = receive_status(in, remote_refs);
-	else
-		ret = 0;
-	if (args->stateless_rpc)
-		packet_flush(out);
-
-	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
-		if (finish_async(&demux)) {
-			error("error in sideband demultiplexer");
-			ret = -1;
-		}
-		close(demux.out);
-	}
-
-	if (ret < 0)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (args->porcelain)
-		return 0;
-
-	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		switch (ref->status) {
-		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
-		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
-		case REF_STATUS_OK:
-			break;
-		default:
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
 int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i, nr_refspecs = 0;
@@ -402,29 +100,33 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	const char *dest = NULL;
 	int fd[2];
 	struct child_process *conn;
-	struct extra_have_objects extra_have;
+	struct sha1_array extra_have = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct sha1_array shallow = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct ref *remote_refs, *local_refs;
 	int ret;
 	int helper_status = 0;
 	int send_all = 0;
 	const char *receivepack = "git-receive-pack";
 	int flags;
-	int nonfastforward = 0;
+	unsigned int reject_reasons;
+	int progress = -1;
+	int from_stdin = 0;
+	struct push_cas_option cas = {0};
 
 	argv++;
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++, argv++) {
 		const char *arg = *argv;
 
 		if (*arg == '-') {
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--receive-pack=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--receive-pack=")) {
 				receivepack = arg + 15;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--exec=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--exec=")) {
 				receivepack = arg + 7;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--remote=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--remote=")) {
 				remote_name = arg + 9;
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -452,18 +154,54 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				args.verbose = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--signed")) {
+				args.push_cert = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--progress")) {
+				progress = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-progress")) {
+				progress = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--thin")) {
 				args.use_thin_pack = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--atomic")) {
+				args.atomic = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--stateless-rpc")) {
 				args.stateless_rpc = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--stdin")) {
+				from_stdin = 1;
+				continue;
+			}
 			if (!strcmp(arg, "--helper-status")) {
 				helper_status = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME)) {
+				if (parse_push_cas_option(&cas, NULL, 0) < 0)
+					exit(1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-" CAS_OPT_NAME)) {
+				if (parse_push_cas_option(&cas, NULL, 1) < 0)
+					exit(1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME "=")) {
+				if (parse_push_cas_option(&cas,
+							  strchr(arg, '=') + 1, 0) < 0)
+					exit(1);
+				continue;
+			}
 			usage(send_pack_usage);
 		}
 		if (!dest) {
@@ -476,6 +214,28 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	if (!dest)
 		usage(send_pack_usage);
+
+	if (from_stdin) {
+		struct argv_array all_refspecs = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_refspecs; i++)
+			argv_array_push(&all_refspecs, refspecs[i]);
+
+		if (args.stateless_rpc) {
+			const char *buf;
+			while ((buf = packet_read_line(0, NULL)))
+				argv_array_push(&all_refspecs, buf);
+		} else {
+			struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+			while (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin, '\n') != EOF)
+				argv_array_push(&all_refspecs, line.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&line);
+		}
+
+		refspecs = all_refspecs.argv;
+		nr_refspecs = all_refspecs.argc;
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * --all and --mirror are incompatible; neither makes sense
 	 * with any refspecs.
@@ -492,6 +252,10 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (progress == -1)
+		progress = !args.quiet && isatty(2);
+	args.progress = progress;
+
 	if (args.stateless_rpc) {
 		conn = NULL;
 		fd[0] = 0;
@@ -501,9 +265,8 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 			args.verbose ? CONNECT_VERBOSE : 0);
 	}
 
-	memset(&extra_have, 0, sizeof(extra_have));
-
-	get_remote_heads(fd[0], &remote_refs, REF_NORMAL, &extra_have);
+	get_remote_heads(fd[0], NULL, 0, &remote_refs, REF_NORMAL,
+			 &extra_have, &shallow);
 
 	transport_verify_remote_names(nr_refspecs, refspecs);
 
@@ -520,6 +283,9 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (match_push_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs, nr_refspecs, refspecs, flags))
 		return -1;
 
+	if (!is_empty_cas(&cas))
+		apply_push_cas(&cas, remote, remote_refs);
+
 	set_ref_status_for_push(remote_refs, args.send_mirror,
 		args.force_update);
 
@@ -534,7 +300,7 @@ int cmd_send_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	ret |= finish_connect(conn);
 
 	if (!helper_status)
-		transport_print_push_status(dest, remote_refs, args.verbose, 0, &nonfastforward);
+		transport_print_push_status(dest, remote_refs, args.verbose, 0, &reject_reasons);
 
 	if (!args.dry_run && remote) {
 		struct ref *ref;
diff --git a/builtin/shortlog.c b/builtin/shortlog.c
index 37f3193a33..c0bab6aaa9 100644
--- a/builtin/shortlog.c
+++ b/builtin/shortlog.c
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static char const * const shortlog_usage[] = {
-	"git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]",
-	"",
-	"[rev-opts] are documented in git-rev-list(1)",
+	N_("git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -36,52 +34,28 @@ static void insert_one_record(struct shortlog *log,
 	const char *dot3 = log->common_repo_prefix;
 	char *buffer, *p;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
-	char namebuf[1024];
-	char emailbuf[1024];
-	size_t len;
+	const char *mailbuf, *namebuf;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
 	const char *eol;
-	const char *boemail, *eoemail;
 	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf namemailbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ident_split ident;
 
-	boemail = strchr(author, '<');
-	if (!boemail)
-		return;
-	eoemail = strchr(boemail, '>');
-	if (!eoemail)
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, author, strlen(author)))
 		return;
 
-	/* copy author name to namebuf, to support matching on both name and email */
-	memcpy(namebuf, author, boemail - author);
-	len = boemail - author;
-	while (len > 0 && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
-		len--;
-	namebuf[len] = 0;
-
-	/* copy email name to emailbuf, to allow email replacement as well */
-	memcpy(emailbuf, boemail+1, eoemail - boemail);
-	emailbuf[eoemail - boemail - 1] = 0;
-
-	if (!map_user(&log->mailmap, emailbuf, sizeof(emailbuf), namebuf, sizeof(namebuf))) {
-		while (author < boemail && isspace(*author))
-			author++;
-		for (len = 0;
-		     len < sizeof(namebuf) - 1 && author + len < boemail;
-		     len++)
-			namebuf[len] = author[len];
-		while (0 < len && isspace(namebuf[len-1]))
-			len--;
-		namebuf[len] = '\0';
-	}
-	else
-		len = strlen(namebuf);
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
 
-	if (log->email) {
-		size_t room = sizeof(namebuf) - len - 1;
-		int maillen = strlen(emailbuf);
-		snprintf(namebuf + len, room, " <%.*s>", maillen, emailbuf);
-	}
+	map_user(&log->mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen, &namebuf, &namelen);
+	strbuf_add(&namemailbuf, namebuf, namelen);
 
-	item = string_list_insert(&log->list, namebuf);
+	if (log->email)
+		strbuf_addf(&namemailbuf, " <%.*s>", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
+
+	item = string_list_insert(&log->list, namemailbuf.buf);
 	if (item->util == NULL)
 		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
 
@@ -91,7 +65,7 @@ static void insert_one_record(struct shortlog *log,
 	eol = strchr(oneline, '\n');
 	if (!eol)
 		eol = oneline + strlen(oneline);
-	if (!prefixcmp(oneline, "[PATCH")) {
+	if (starts_with(oneline, "[PATCH")) {
 		char *eob = strchr(oneline, ']');
 		if (eob && (!eol || eob < eol))
 			oneline = eob + 1;
@@ -121,7 +95,7 @@ static void read_from_stdin(struct shortlog *log)
 
 	while (fgets(author, sizeof(author), stdin) != NULL) {
 		if (!(author[0] == 'A' || author[0] == 'a') ||
-		    prefixcmp(author + 1, "uthor: "))
+		    !starts_with(author + 1, "uthor: "))
 			continue;
 		while (fgets(oneline, sizeof(oneline), stdin) &&
 		       oneline[0] != '\n')
@@ -149,13 +123,15 @@ void shortlog_add_commit(struct shortlog *log, struct commit *commit)
 		else
 			eol++;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "author "))
+		if (starts_with(buffer, "author "))
 			author = buffer + 7;
 		buffer = eol;
 	}
-	if (!author)
-		die(_("Missing author: %s"),
+	if (!author) {
+		warning(_("Missing author: %s"),
 		    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		return;
+	}
 	if (log->user_format) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.fmt = CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT;
@@ -163,6 +139,7 @@ void shortlog_add_commit(struct shortlog *log, struct commit *commit)
 		ctx.subject = "";
 		ctx.after_subject = "";
 		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &ufbuf);
 		buffer = ufbuf.buf;
 	} else if (*buffer) {
@@ -249,14 +226,14 @@ int cmd_shortlog(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int nongit = !startup_info->have_repository;
 
 	static const struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
-			    "sort output according to the number of commits per author"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "summary", &log.summary,
-			    "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('e', "email", &log.email,
-			    "Show the email address of each author"),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'w', NULL, &log, "w[,i1[,i2]]",
-			"Linewrap output", PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_wrap_args },
+		OPT_BOOL('n', "numbered", &log.sort_by_number,
+			 N_("sort output according to the number of commits per author")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "summary", &log.summary,
+			 N_("Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count")),
+		OPT_BOOL('e', "email", &log.email,
+			 N_("Show the email address of each author")),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'w', NULL, &log, N_("w[,i1[,i2]]"),
+			N_("Linewrap output"), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_wrap_args },
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -306,9 +283,8 @@ parse_done:
 static void add_wrapped_shortlog_msg(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s,
 				     const struct shortlog *log)
 {
-	int col = strbuf_add_wrapped_text(sb, s, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
-	if (col != log->wrap)
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(sb, s, log->in1, log->in2, log->wrap);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
 void shortlog_output(struct shortlog *log)
diff --git a/builtin/show-branch.c b/builtin/show-branch.c
index a59e088cf5..f3fb5fb2bf 100644
--- a/builtin/show-branch.c
+++ b/builtin/show-branch.c
@@ -6,8 +6,11 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char* show_branch_usage[] = {
-    "git show-branch [-a|--all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order] [--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse] [--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base] [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]",
-    "git show-branch (-g|--reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]",
+    N_("git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+       "		[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+       "		[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+       "		[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"),
+    N_("git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"),
     NULL
 };
 
@@ -162,29 +165,28 @@ static void name_commits(struct commit_list *list,
 			nth = 0;
 			while (parents) {
 				struct commit *p = parents->item;
-				char newname[1000], *en;
+				struct strbuf newname = STRBUF_INIT;
 				parents = parents->next;
 				nth++;
 				if (p->util)
 					continue;
-				en = newname;
 				switch (n->generation) {
 				case 0:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s", n->head_name);
+					strbuf_addstr(&newname, n->head_name);
 					break;
 				case 1:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s^", n->head_name);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "%s^", n->head_name);
 					break;
 				default:
-					en += sprintf(en, "%s~%d",
-						n->head_name, n->generation);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "%s~%d",
+						    n->head_name, n->generation);
 					break;
 				}
 				if (nth == 1)
-					en += sprintf(en, "^");
+					strbuf_addch(&newname, '^');
 				else
-					en += sprintf(en, "^%d", nth);
-				name_commit(p, xstrdup(newname), 0);
+					strbuf_addf(&newname, "^%d", nth);
+				name_commit(p, strbuf_detach(&newname, NULL), 0);
 				i++;
 				name_first_parent_chain(p);
 			}
@@ -228,8 +230,7 @@ static void join_revs(struct commit_list **list_p,
 			parents = parents->next;
 			if ((this_flag & flags) == flags)
 				continue;
-			if (!p->object.parsed)
-				parse_commit(p);
+			parse_commit(p);
 			if (mark_seen(p, seen_p) && !still_interesting)
 				extra--;
 			p->object.flags |= flags;
@@ -286,7 +287,7 @@ static void show_one_commit(struct commit *commit, int no_name)
 		pp_commit_easy(CMIT_FMT_ONELINE, commit, &pretty);
 		pretty_str = pretty.buf;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(pretty_str, "[PATCH] "))
+	if (starts_with(pretty_str, "[PATCH] "))
 		pretty_str += 8;
 
 	if (!no_name) {
@@ -397,7 +398,7 @@ static int append_head_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int f
 {
 	unsigned char tmp[20];
 	int ofs = 11;
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (!starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/"))
 		return 0;
 	/* If both heads/foo and tags/foo exists, get_sha1 would
 	 * get confused.
@@ -411,7 +412,7 @@ static int append_remote_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int
 {
 	unsigned char tmp[20];
 	int ofs = 13;
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+	if (!starts_with(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
 		return 0;
 	/* If both heads/foo and tags/foo exists, get_sha1 would
 	 * get confused.
@@ -423,7 +424,7 @@ static int append_remote_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int
 
 static int append_tag_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	if (prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/"))
+	if (!starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/"))
 		return 0;
 	return append_ref(refname + 5, sha1, 0);
 }
@@ -452,11 +453,11 @@ static int append_matching_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, i
 			slash--;
 	if (!*tail)
 		return 0;
-	if (fnmatch(match_ref_pattern, tail, 0))
+	if (wildmatch(match_ref_pattern, tail, 0, NULL))
 		return 0;
-	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/"))
 		return append_head_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data);
-	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/"))
+	if (starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/"))
 		return append_tag_ref(refname, sha1, flag, cb_data);
 	return append_ref(refname, sha1, 0);
 }
@@ -481,11 +482,11 @@ static int rev_is_head(char *head, int headlen, char *name,
 	if ((!head[0]) ||
 	    (head_sha1 && sha1 && hashcmp(head_sha1, sha1)))
 		return 0;
-	if (!prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(head, "refs/heads/"))
 		head += 11;
-	if (!prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(name, "refs/heads/"))
 		name += 11;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(name, "heads/"))
+	else if (starts_with(name, "heads/"))
 		name += 6;
 	return !strcmp(head, name);
 }
@@ -565,7 +566,7 @@ static int git_show_branch_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 			default_arg[default_num++] = "show-branch";
 		} else if (default_alloc <= default_num + 1) {
 			default_alloc = default_alloc * 3 / 2 + 20;
-			default_arg = xrealloc(default_arg, sizeof *default_arg * default_alloc);
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(default_arg, default_alloc);
 		}
 		default_arg[default_num++] = xstrdup(value);
 		default_arg[default_num] = NULL;
@@ -631,7 +632,7 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	int num_rev, i, extra = 0;
 	int all_heads = 0, all_remotes = 0;
 	int all_mask, all_revs;
-	int lifo = 1;
+	enum rev_sort_order sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 	char head[128];
 	const char *head_p;
 	int head_len;
@@ -647,37 +648,39 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 	int dense = 1;
 	const char *reflog_base = NULL;
 	struct option builtin_show_branch_options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "all", &all_heads,
-			    "show remote-tracking and local branches"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
-			    "show remote-tracking branches"),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "all", &all_heads,
+			 N_("show remote-tracking and local branches")),
+		OPT_BOOL('r', "remotes", &all_remotes,
+			 N_("show remote-tracking branches")),
 		OPT__COLOR(&showbranch_use_color,
-			    "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"),
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "more", &extra, "n",
-			    "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor",
+			    N_("color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch")),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 0, "more", &extra, N_("n"),
+			    N_("show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)1 },
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "list", &extra, "synonym to more=-1", -1),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "no-name", &no_name, "suppress naming strings"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
-			    "include the current branch"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
-			    "name commits with their object names"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
-			    "show possible merge bases"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "independent", &independent,
-			    "show refs unreachable from any other ref"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topo-order", &lifo,
-			    "show commits in topological order"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "topics", &topics,
-			    "show only commits not on the first branch"),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "list", &extra, N_("synonym to more=-1"), -1),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "no-name", &no_name, N_("suppress naming strings")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "current", &with_current_branch,
+			 N_("include the current branch")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "sha1-name", &sha1_name,
+			 N_("name commits with their object names")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "merge-base", &merge_base,
+			 N_("show possible merge bases")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "independent", &independent,
+			    N_("show refs unreachable from any other ref")),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "topo-order", &sort_order,
+			    N_("show commits in topological order"),
+			    REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "topics", &topics,
+			 N_("show only commits not on the first branch")),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "sparse", &dense,
-			    "show merges reachable from only one tip", 0),
-		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &lifo,
-			    "show commits where no parent comes before its "
-			    "children", 0),
-		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, "<n>[,<base>]",
-			    "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
-			    "base",
+			    N_("show merges reachable from only one tip"), 0),
+		OPT_SET_INT(0, "date-order", &sort_order,
+			    N_("topologically sort, maintaining date order "
+			       "where possible"),
+			    REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE),
+		{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'g', "reflog", &reflog_base, N_("<n>[,<base>]"),
+			    N_("show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at "
+			       "base"),
 			    PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
 			    parse_reflog_param },
 		OPT_END()
@@ -723,11 +726,14 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 		char nth_desc[256];
 		char *ref;
 		int base = 0;
+		unsigned int flags = 0;
 
 		if (ac == 0) {
 			static const char *fake_av[2];
 
-			fake_av[0] = resolve_refdup("HEAD", sha1, 1, NULL);
+			fake_av[0] = resolve_refdup("HEAD",
+						    RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						    sha1, NULL);
 			fake_av[1] = NULL;
 			av = fake_av;
 			ac = 1;
@@ -749,18 +755,18 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 				/* Ah, that is a date spec... */
 				unsigned long at;
 				at = approxidate(reflog_base);
-				read_ref_at(ref, at, -1, sha1, NULL,
+				read_ref_at(ref, flags, at, -1, sha1, NULL,
 					    NULL, NULL, &base);
 			}
 		}
 
 		for (i = 0; i < reflog; i++) {
-			char *logmsg, *m;
+			char *logmsg;
 			const char *msg;
 			unsigned long timestamp;
 			int tz;
 
-			if (read_ref_at(ref, 0, base+i, sha1, &logmsg,
+			if (read_ref_at(ref, flags, 0, base+i, sha1, &logmsg,
 					&timestamp, &tz, NULL)) {
 				reflog = i;
 				break;
@@ -770,15 +776,14 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 				msg = "(none)";
 			else
 				msg++;
-			m = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + 200);
-			sprintf(m, "(%s) %s",
-				show_date(timestamp, tz, 1),
-				msg);
-			reflog_msg[i] = m;
+			reflog_msg[i] = xstrfmt("(%s) %s",
+						show_date(timestamp, tz, 1),
+						msg);
 			free(logmsg);
 			sprintf(nth_desc, "%s@{%d}", *av, base+i);
 			append_ref(nth_desc, sha1, 1);
 		}
+		free(ref);
 	}
 	else if (all_heads + all_remotes)
 		snarf_refs(all_heads, all_remotes);
@@ -789,7 +794,8 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 
-	head_p = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, NULL);
+	head_p = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+				    head_sha1, NULL);
 	if (head_p) {
 		head_len = strlen(head_p);
 		memcpy(head, head_p, head_len + 1);
@@ -812,7 +818,7 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 				has_head++;
 		}
 		if (!has_head) {
-			int offset = !prefixcmp(head, "refs/heads/") ? 11 : 0;
+			int offset = starts_with(head, "refs/heads/") ? 11 : 0;
 			append_one_rev(head + offset);
 		}
 	}
@@ -901,7 +907,7 @@ int cmd_show_branch(int ac, const char **av, const char *prefix)
 		exit(0);
 
 	/* Sort topologically */
-	sort_in_topological_order(&seen, lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&seen, sort_order);
 
 	/* Give names to commits */
 	if (!sha1_name && !no_name)
diff --git a/builtin/show-ref.c b/builtin/show-ref.c
index 3911661900..afb10309d6 100644
--- a/builtin/show-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/show-ref.c
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const show_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git show-ref [-q|--quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [pattern*] ",
-	"git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list",
+	N_("git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"),
+	N_("git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -28,15 +28,17 @@ static void show_one(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 static int show_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cbdata)
 {
-	struct object *obj;
 	const char *hex;
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
 
+	if (show_head && !strcmp(refname, "HEAD"))
+		goto match;
+
 	if (tags_only || heads_only) {
 		int match;
 
-		match = heads_only && !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/");
-		match |= tags_only && !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/");
+		match = heads_only && starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/");
+		match |= tags_only && starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/");
 		if (!match)
 			return 0;
 	}
@@ -79,25 +81,9 @@ match:
 	if (!deref_tags)
 		return 0;
 
-	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED) && !peel_ref(refname, peeled)) {
-		if (!is_null_sha1(peeled)) {
-			hex = find_unique_abbrev(peeled, abbrev);
-			printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
-		}
-	}
-	else {
-		obj = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (!obj)
-			die("git show-ref: bad ref %s (%s)", refname,
-			    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			obj = deref_tag(obj, refname, 0);
-			if (!obj)
-				die("git show-ref: bad tag at ref %s (%s)", refname,
-				    sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-			hex = find_unique_abbrev(obj->sha1, abbrev);
-			printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
-		}
+	if (!peel_ref(refname, peeled)) {
+		hex = find_unique_abbrev(peeled, abbrev);
+		printf("%s %s^{}\n", hex, refname);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -120,7 +106,7 @@ static int add_existing(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag
  */
 static int exclude_existing(const char *match)
 {
-	static struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	static struct string_list existing_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	char buf[1024];
 	int matchlen = match ? strlen(match) : 0;
 
@@ -179,26 +165,26 @@ static int help_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 }
 
 static const struct option show_ref_options[] = {
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "tags", &tags_only, "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "heads", &heads_only, "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "verify", &verify, "stricter reference checking, "
-		    "requires exact ref path"),
-	{ OPTION_BOOLEAN, 'h', NULL, &show_head, NULL,
-	  "show the HEAD reference",
-	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN },
-	OPT_BOOLEAN(0, "head", &show_head, "show the HEAD reference"),
-	OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "dereference", &deref_tags,
-		    "dereference tags into object IDs"),
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 's', "hash", &abbrev, "n",
-	  "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits",
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "tags", &tags_only, N_("only show tags (can be combined with heads)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "heads", &heads_only, N_("only show heads (can be combined with tags)")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "verify", &verify, N_("stricter reference checking, "
+		    "requires exact ref path")),
+	OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL('h', NULL, &show_head,
+			N_("show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out")),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "head", &show_head,
+	  N_("show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out")),
+	OPT_BOOL('d', "dereference", &deref_tags,
+		    N_("dereference tags into object IDs")),
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 's', "hash", &abbrev, N_("n"),
+	  N_("only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &hash_callback },
 	OPT__ABBREV(&abbrev),
 	OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
-		   "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"),
+		   N_("do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)")),
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude-existing", &exclude_existing_arg,
-	  "pattern", "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository",
+	  N_("pattern"), N_("show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, exclude_existing_callback },
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", NULL, NULL, "show usage",
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "help-all", NULL, NULL, N_("show usage"),
 	  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, help_callback },
 	OPT_END()
 };
@@ -224,7 +210,7 @@ int cmd_show_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		while (*pattern) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-			if (!prefixcmp(*pattern, "refs/") &&
+			if (starts_with(*pattern, "refs/") &&
 			    !read_ref(*pattern, sha1)) {
 				if (!quiet)
 					show_one(*pattern, sha1);
diff --git a/builtin/stripspace.c b/builtin/stripspace.c
index f16986c0ae..1259ed708b 100644
--- a/builtin/stripspace.c
+++ b/builtin/stripspace.c
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ static size_t cleanup(char *line, size_t len)
  *
  * If last line does not have a newline at the end, one is added.
  *
- * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with "#".
+ * Enable skip_comments to skip every line starting with comment
+ * character.
  */
 void stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
 {
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ void stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
 		eol = memchr(sb->buf + i, '\n', sb->len - i);
 		len = eol ? eol - (sb->buf + i) + 1 : sb->len - i;
 
-		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == '#') {
+		if (skip_comments && len && sb->buf[i] == comment_line_char) {
 			newlen = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -66,21 +67,53 @@ void stripspace(struct strbuf *sb, int skip_comments)
 	strbuf_setlen(sb, j);
 }
 
+static void comment_lines(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	char *msg;
+	size_t len;
+
+	msg = strbuf_detach(buf, &len);
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(buf, msg, len);
+	free(msg);
+}
+
+static const char *usage_msg = "\n"
+"  git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments] < input\n"
+"  git stripspace [-c | --comment-lines] < input";
+
 int cmd_stripspace(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int strip_comments = 0;
+	enum { INVAL = 0, STRIP_SPACE = 1, COMMENT_LINES = 2 } mode = STRIP_SPACE;
+
+	if (argc == 2) {
+		if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-s") ||
+		    !strcmp(argv[1], "--strip-comments")) {
+			strip_comments = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "-c") ||
+			   !strcmp(argv[1], "--comment-lines")) {
+			mode = COMMENT_LINES;
+		} else {
+			mode = INVAL;
+		}
+	} else if (argc > 1) {
+		mode = INVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (mode == INVAL)
+		usage(usage_msg);
 
-	if (argc == 2 && (!strcmp(argv[1], "-s") ||
-				!strcmp(argv[1], "--strip-comments")))
-		strip_comments = 1;
-	else if (argc > 1)
-		usage("git stripspace [-s | --strip-comments] < input");
+	if (strip_comments || mode == COMMENT_LINES)
+		git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
 	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 1024) < 0)
 		die_errno("could not read the input");
 
-	stripspace(&buf, strip_comments);
+	if (mode == STRIP_SPACE)
+		stripspace(&buf, strip_comments);
+	else
+		comment_lines(&buf);
 
 	write_or_die(1, buf.buf, buf.len);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
diff --git a/builtin/symbolic-ref.c b/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
index 801d62ece5..ce0fde705c 100644
--- a/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/symbolic-ref.c
@@ -4,17 +4,16 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const git_symbolic_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git symbolic-ref [options] name [ref]",
+	N_("git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"),
+	N_("git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"),
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int shorten;
-
-static void check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet)
+static int check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet, int shorten, int print)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int flag;
-	const char *refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(HEAD, sha1, 0, &flag);
+	const char *refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(HEAD, 0, sha1, &flag);
 
 	if (!refname)
 		die("No such ref: %s", HEAD);
@@ -22,42 +21,56 @@ static void check_symref(const char *HEAD, int quiet)
 		if (!quiet)
 			die("ref %s is not a symbolic ref", HEAD);
 		else
-			exit(1);
+			return 1;
+	}
+	if (print) {
+		if (shorten)
+			refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
+		puts(refname);
 	}
-	if (shorten)
-		refname = shorten_unambiguous_ref(refname, 0);
-	puts(refname);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int cmd_symbolic_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	int quiet = 0;
+	int quiet = 0, delete = 0, shorten = 0, ret = 0;
 	const char *msg = NULL;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT__QUIET(&quiet,
-			"suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"),
-		OPT_BOOL(0, "short", &shorten, "shorten ref output"),
-		OPT_STRING('m', NULL, &msg, "reason", "reason of the update"),
+			N_("suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', "delete", &delete, N_("delete symbolic ref")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "short", &shorten, N_("shorten ref output")),
+		OPT_STRING('m', NULL, &msg, N_("reason"), N_("reason of the update")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
 			     git_symbolic_ref_usage, 0);
-	if (msg &&!*msg)
+	if (msg && !*msg)
 		die("Refusing to perform update with empty message");
+
+	if (delete) {
+		if (argc != 1)
+			usage_with_options(git_symbolic_ref_usage, options);
+		ret = check_symref(argv[0], 1, 0, 0);
+		if (ret)
+			die("Cannot delete %s, not a symbolic ref", argv[0]);
+		return delete_ref(argv[0], NULL, REF_NODEREF);
+	}
+
 	switch (argc) {
 	case 1:
-		check_symref(argv[0], quiet);
+		ret = check_symref(argv[0], quiet, shorten, 1);
 		break;
 	case 2:
 		if (!strcmp(argv[0], "HEAD") &&
-		    prefixcmp(argv[1], "refs/"))
+		    !starts_with(argv[1], "refs/"))
 			die("Refusing to point HEAD outside of refs/");
 		create_symref(argv[0], argv[1], msg);
 		break;
 	default:
 		usage_with_options(git_symbolic_ref_usage, options);
 	}
-	return 0;
+	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/builtin/tag.c b/builtin/tag.c
index fe7e5e5b3d..6f07ac6b93 100644
--- a/builtin/tag.c
+++ b/builtin/tag.c
@@ -16,23 +16,34 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "column.h"
 
 static const char * const git_tag_usage[] = {
-	"git tag [-a|-s|-u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]",
-	"git tag -d <tagname>...",
-	"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>] "
-		"\n\t\t[<pattern>...]",
-	"git tag -v <tagname>...",
+	N_("git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> [<head>]"),
+	N_("git tag -d <tagname>..."),
+	N_("git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]"
+		"\n\t\t[<pattern>...]"),
+	N_("git tag -v <tagname>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
+#define STRCMP_SORT     0	/* must be zero */
+#define VERCMP_SORT     1
+#define SORT_MASK       0x7fff
+#define REVERSE_SORT    0x8000
+
+static int tag_sort;
+
 struct tag_filter {
 	const char **patterns;
 	int lines;
+	int sort;
+	struct string_list tags;
 	struct commit_list *with_commit;
 };
 
 static struct sha1_array points_at;
+static unsigned int colopts;
 
 static int match_pattern(const char **patterns, const char *ref)
 {
@@ -40,7 +51,7 @@ static int match_pattern(const char **patterns, const char *ref)
 	if (!*patterns)
 		return 1;
 	for (; *patterns; patterns++)
-		if (!fnmatch(*patterns, ref, 0))
+		if (!wildmatch(*patterns, ref, 0, NULL))
 			return 1;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -71,11 +82,19 @@ static int in_commit_list(const struct commit_list *want, struct commit *c)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int contains_recurse(struct commit *candidate,
+enum contains_result {
+	CONTAINS_UNKNOWN = -1,
+	CONTAINS_NO = 0,
+	CONTAINS_YES = 1
+};
+
+/*
+ * Test whether the candidate or one of its parents is contained in the list.
+ * Do not recurse to find out, though, but return -1 if inconclusive.
+ */
+static enum contains_result contains_test(struct commit *candidate,
 			    const struct commit_list *want)
 {
-	struct commit_list *p;
-
 	/* was it previously marked as containing a want commit? */
 	if (candidate->object.flags & TMP_MARK)
 		return 1;
@@ -83,26 +102,78 @@ static int contains_recurse(struct commit *candidate,
 	if (candidate->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		return 0;
 	/* or are we it? */
-	if (in_commit_list(want, candidate))
+	if (in_commit_list(want, candidate)) {
+		candidate->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
 		return 1;
+	}
 
 	if (parse_commit(candidate) < 0)
 		return 0;
 
-	/* Otherwise recurse and mark ourselves for future traversals. */
-	for (p = candidate->parents; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (contains_recurse(p->item, want)) {
-			candidate->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-	candidate->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-	return 0;
+	return -1;
 }
 
-static int contains(struct commit *candidate, const struct commit_list *want)
+/*
+ * Mimicking the real stack, this stack lives on the heap, avoiding stack
+ * overflows.
+ *
+ * At each recursion step, the stack items points to the commits whose
+ * ancestors are to be inspected.
+ */
+struct stack {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	struct stack_entry {
+		struct commit *commit;
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+	} *stack;
+};
+
+static void push_to_stack(struct commit *candidate, struct stack *stack)
 {
-	return contains_recurse(candidate, want);
+	int index = stack->nr++;
+	ALLOC_GROW(stack->stack, stack->nr, stack->alloc);
+	stack->stack[index].commit = candidate;
+	stack->stack[index].parents = candidate->parents;
+}
+
+static enum contains_result contains(struct commit *candidate,
+		const struct commit_list *want)
+{
+	struct stack stack = { 0, 0, NULL };
+	int result = contains_test(candidate, want);
+
+	if (result != CONTAINS_UNKNOWN)
+		return result;
+
+	push_to_stack(candidate, &stack);
+	while (stack.nr) {
+		struct stack_entry *entry = &stack.stack[stack.nr - 1];
+		struct commit *commit = entry->commit;
+		struct commit_list *parents = entry->parents;
+
+		if (!parents) {
+			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+			stack.nr--;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * If we just popped the stack, parents->item has been marked,
+		 * therefore contains_test will return a meaningful 0 or 1.
+		 */
+		else switch (contains_test(parents->item, want)) {
+		case CONTAINS_YES:
+			commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+			stack.nr--;
+			break;
+		case CONTAINS_NO:
+			entry->parents = parents->next;
+			break;
+		case CONTAINS_UNKNOWN:
+			push_to_stack(parents->item, &stack);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	free(stack.stack);
+	return contains_test(candidate, want);
 }
 
 static void show_tag_lines(const unsigned char *sha1, int lines)
@@ -164,7 +235,10 @@ static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 			return 0;
 
 		if (!filter->lines) {
-			printf("%s\n", refname);
+			if (filter->sort)
+				string_list_append(&filter->tags, refname);
+			else
+				printf("%s\n", refname);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		printf("%-15s ", refname);
@@ -175,17 +249,39 @@ static int show_reference(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int sort_by_version(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct string_list_item *a = a_;
+	const struct string_list_item *b = b_;
+	return versioncmp(a->string, b->string);
+}
+
 static int list_tags(const char **patterns, int lines,
-			struct commit_list *with_commit)
+		     struct commit_list *with_commit, int sort)
 {
 	struct tag_filter filter;
 
 	filter.patterns = patterns;
 	filter.lines = lines;
+	filter.sort = sort;
 	filter.with_commit = with_commit;
+	memset(&filter.tags, 0, sizeof(filter.tags));
+	filter.tags.strdup_strings = 1;
 
 	for_each_tag_ref(show_reference, (void *) &filter);
-
+	if (sort) {
+		int i;
+		if ((sort & SORT_MASK) == VERCMP_SORT)
+			qsort(filter.tags.items, filter.tags.nr,
+			      sizeof(struct string_list_item), sort_by_version);
+		if (sort & REVERSE_SORT)
+			for (i = filter.tags.nr - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+				printf("%s\n", filter.tags.items[i].string);
+		else
+			for (i = 0; i < filter.tags.nr; i++)
+				printf("%s\n", filter.tags.items[i].string);
+		string_list_clear(&filter.tags, 0);
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -244,25 +340,63 @@ static int do_sign(struct strbuf *buffer)
 }
 
 static const char tag_template[] =
-	N_("\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write a tag message\n"
-	"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-	"#\n");
+	N_("\nWrite a message for tag:\n  %s\n"
+	"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n");
 
 static const char tag_template_nocleanup[] =
-	N_("\n"
-	"#\n"
-	"# Write a tag message\n"
-	"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them"
-	" yourself if you want to.\n"
-	"#\n");
+	N_("\nWrite a message for tag:\n  %s\n"
+	"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them"
+	" yourself if you want to.\n");
+
+/*
+ * Parse a sort string, and return 0 if parsed successfully. Will return
+ * non-zero when the sort string does not parse into a known type. If var is
+ * given, the error message becomes a warning and includes information about
+ * the configuration value.
+ */
+static int parse_sort_string(const char *var, const char *arg, int *sort)
+{
+	int type = 0, flags = 0;
+
+	if (skip_prefix(arg, "-", &arg))
+		flags |= REVERSE_SORT;
+
+	if (skip_prefix(arg, "version:", &arg) || skip_prefix(arg, "v:", &arg))
+		type = VERCMP_SORT;
+	else
+		type = STRCMP_SORT;
+
+	if (strcmp(arg, "refname")) {
+		if (!var)
+			return error(_("unsupported sort specification '%s'"), arg);
+		else {
+			warning(_("unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"),
+				var, arg);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	*sort = (type | flags);
+
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static int git_tag_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	int status = git_gpg_config(var, value, cb);
+	int status;
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "tag.sort")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		parse_sort_string(var, value, &tag_sort);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	status = git_gpg_config(var, value, cb);
 	if (status)
 		return status;
+	if (starts_with(var, "column."))
+		return git_column_config(var, value, "tag", &colopts);
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
 
@@ -328,7 +462,7 @@ static void create_tag(const unsigned char *object, const char *tag,
 			  sha1_to_hex(object),
 			  typename(type),
 			  tag,
-			  git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME));
+			  git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT));
 
 	if (header_len > sizeof(header_buf) - 1)
 		die(_("tag header too big."));
@@ -342,14 +476,18 @@ static void create_tag(const unsigned char *object, const char *tag,
 		if (fd < 0)
 			die_errno(_("could not create file '%s'"), path);
 
-		if (!is_null_sha1(prev))
+		if (!is_null_sha1(prev)) {
 			write_tag_body(fd, prev);
-		else if (opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
-			write_or_die(fd, _(tag_template),
-					strlen(_(tag_template)));
-		else
-			write_or_die(fd, _(tag_template_nocleanup),
-					strlen(_(tag_template_nocleanup)));
+		} else {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+			if (opt->cleanup_mode == CLEANUP_ALL)
+				strbuf_commented_addf(&buf, _(tag_template), tag, comment_line_char);
+			else
+				strbuf_commented_addf(&buf, _(tag_template_nocleanup), tag, comment_line_char);
+			write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+		}
 		close(fd);
 
 		if (launch_editor(path, buf, NULL)) {
@@ -425,51 +563,70 @@ static int parse_opt_points_at(const struct option *opt __attribute__((unused)),
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int parse_opt_sort(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	int *sort = opt->value;
+
+	return parse_sort_string(NULL, arg, sort);
+}
+
 int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
 	unsigned char object[20], prev[20];
 	const char *object_ref, *tag;
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
 	struct create_tag_options opt;
 	char *cleanup_arg = NULL;
-	int annotate = 0, force = 0, lines = -1, list = 0,
-		delete = 0, verify = 0;
+	int annotate = 0, force = 0, lines = -1;
+	int cmdmode = 0;
 	const char *msgfile = NULL, *keyid = NULL;
 	struct msg_arg msg = { 0, STRBUF_INIT };
 	struct commit_list *with_commit = NULL;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('l', "list", &list, "list tag names"),
-		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 'n', NULL, &lines, "n",
-				"print <n> lines of each tag message",
+		OPT_CMDMODE('l', "list", &cmdmode, N_("list tag names"), 'l'),
+		{ OPTION_INTEGER, 'n', NULL, &lines, N_("n"),
+				N_("print <n> lines of each tag message"),
 				PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, 1 },
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', "delete", &delete, "delete tags"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verify", &verify, "verify tags"),
-
-		OPT_GROUP("Tag creation options"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('a', "annotate", &annotate,
-					"annotated tag, needs a message"),
-		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &msg, "message",
-			     "tag message", parse_msg_arg),
-		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &msgfile, "read message from file"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('s', "sign", &opt.sign, "annotated and GPG-signed tag"),
-		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, "mode",
-			"how to strip spaces and #comments from message"),
-		OPT_STRING('u', "local-user", &keyid, "key-id",
-					"use another key to sign the tag"),
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "replace the tag if exists"),
-
-		OPT_GROUP("Tag listing options"),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('d', "delete", &cmdmode, N_("delete tags"), 'd'),
+		OPT_CMDMODE('v', "verify", &cmdmode, N_("verify tags"), 'v'),
+
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Tag creation options")),
+		OPT_BOOL('a', "annotate", &annotate,
+					N_("annotated tag, needs a message")),
+		OPT_CALLBACK('m', "message", &msg, N_("message"),
+			     N_("tag message"), parse_msg_arg),
+		OPT_FILENAME('F', "file", &msgfile, N_("read message from file")),
+		OPT_BOOL('s', "sign", &opt.sign, N_("annotated and GPG-signed tag")),
+		OPT_STRING(0, "cleanup", &cleanup_arg, N_("mode"),
+			N_("how to strip spaces and #comments from message")),
+		OPT_STRING('u', "local-user", &keyid, N_("key-id"),
+					N_("use another key to sign the tag")),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("replace the tag if exists")),
+
+		OPT_GROUP(N_("Tag listing options")),
+		OPT_COLUMN(0, "column", &colopts, N_("show tag list in columns")),
 		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, "commit",
-			"print only tags that contain the commit",
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "sort", &tag_sort, N_("type"), N_("sort tags"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NONEG, parse_opt_sort
+		},
+		{
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "contains", &with_commit, N_("commit"),
+			N_("print only tags that contain the commit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
 			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
 		},
 		{
-			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "points-at", NULL, "object",
-			"print only tags of the object", 0, parse_opt_points_at
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "with", &with_commit, N_("commit"),
+			N_("print only tags that contain the commit"),
+			PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT,
+			parse_opt_with_commit, (intptr_t)"HEAD",
+		},
+		{
+			OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "points-at", NULL, N_("object"),
+			N_("print only tags of the object"), 0, parse_opt_points_at
 		},
 		OPT_END()
 	};
@@ -486,27 +643,42 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	}
 	if (opt.sign)
 		annotate = 1;
-	if (argc == 0 && !(delete || verify))
-		list = 1;
+	if (argc == 0 && !cmdmode)
+		cmdmode = 'l';
 
-	if ((annotate || msg.given || msgfile || force) &&
-	    (list || delete || verify))
+	if ((annotate || msg.given || msgfile || force) && (cmdmode != 0))
 		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
 
-	if (list + delete + verify > 1)
-		usage_with_options(git_tag_usage, options);
-	if (list)
-		return list_tags(argv, lines == -1 ? 0 : lines,
-				 with_commit);
+	finalize_colopts(&colopts, -1);
+	if (cmdmode == 'l' && lines != -1) {
+		if (explicitly_enable_column(colopts))
+			die(_("--column and -n are incompatible"));
+		colopts = 0;
+	}
+	if (cmdmode == 'l') {
+		int ret;
+		if (column_active(colopts)) {
+			struct column_options copts;
+			memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+			copts.padding = 2;
+			run_column_filter(colopts, &copts);
+		}
+		if (lines != -1 && tag_sort)
+			die(_("--sort and -n are incompatible"));
+		ret = list_tags(argv, lines == -1 ? 0 : lines, with_commit, tag_sort);
+		if (column_active(colopts))
+			stop_column_filter();
+		return ret;
+	}
 	if (lines != -1)
 		die(_("-n option is only allowed with -l."));
 	if (with_commit)
 		die(_("--contains option is only allowed with -l."));
 	if (points_at.nr)
 		die(_("--points-at option is only allowed with -l."));
-	if (delete)
+	if (cmdmode == 'd')
 		return for_each_tag_name(argv, delete_tag);
-	if (verify)
+	if (cmdmode == 'v')
 		return for_each_tag_name(argv, verify_tag);
 
 	if (msg.given || msgfile) {
@@ -558,14 +730,17 @@ int cmd_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (annotate)
 		create_tag(object, tag, &buf, &opt, prev, object);
 
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(ref.buf, prev, 0);
-	if (!lock)
-		die(_("%s: cannot lock the ref"), ref.buf);
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, object, NULL) < 0)
-		die(_("%s: cannot update the ref"), ref.buf);
-	if (force && hashcmp(prev, object))
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref.buf, object, prev,
+				   0, NULL, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	if (force && !is_null_sha1(prev) && hashcmp(prev, object))
 		printf(_("Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"), tag, find_unique_abbrev(prev, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	strbuf_release(&ref);
 	return 0;
diff --git a/builtin/tar-tree.c b/builtin/tar-tree.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f1e7012db..0000000000
--- a/builtin/tar-tree.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Rene Scharfe
- */
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "commit.h"
-#include "tar.h"
-#include "builtin.h"
-#include "quote.h"
-
-static const char tar_tree_usage[] =
-"git tar-tree [--remote=<repo>] <tree-ish> [basedir]\n"
-"*** Note that this command is now deprecated; use \"git archive\" instead.";
-
-static const char builtin_get_tar_commit_id_usage[] =
-"git get-tar-commit-id < <tarfile>";
-
-int cmd_tar_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	/*
-	 * "git tar-tree" is now a wrapper around "git archive --format=tar"
-	 *
-	 * $0 --remote=<repo> arg... ==>
-	 *	git archive --format=tar --remote=<repo> arg...
-	 * $0 tree-ish ==>
-	 *	git archive --format=tar tree-ish
-	 * $0 tree-ish basedir ==>
-	 * 	git archive --format-tar --prefix=basedir tree-ish
-	 */
-	int i;
-	const char **nargv = xcalloc(sizeof(*nargv), argc + 3);
-	char *basedir_arg;
-	int nargc = 0;
-
-	nargv[nargc++] = "archive";
-	nargv[nargc++] = "--format=tar";
-
-	if (2 <= argc && !prefixcmp(argv[1], "--remote=")) {
-		nargv[nargc++] = argv[1];
-		argv++;
-		argc--;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Because it's just a compatibility wrapper, tar-tree supports only
-	 * the old behaviour of reading attributes from the work tree.
-	 */
-	nargv[nargc++] = "--worktree-attributes";
-
-	switch (argc) {
-	default:
-		usage(tar_tree_usage);
-		break;
-	case 3:
-		/* base-path */
-		basedir_arg = xmalloc(strlen(argv[2]) + 11);
-		sprintf(basedir_arg, "--prefix=%s/", argv[2]);
-		nargv[nargc++] = basedir_arg;
-		/* fallthru */
-	case 2:
-		/* tree-ish */
-		nargv[nargc++] = argv[1];
-	}
-	nargv[nargc] = NULL;
-
-	fprintf(stderr,
-		"*** \"git tar-tree\" is now deprecated.\n"
-		"*** Running \"git archive\" instead.\n***");
-	for (i = 0; i < nargc; i++) {
-		fputc(' ', stderr);
-		sq_quote_print(stderr, nargv[i]);
-	}
-	fputc('\n', stderr);
-	return cmd_archive(nargc, nargv, prefix);
-}
-
-/* ustar header + extended global header content */
-#define RECORDSIZE	(512)
-#define HEADERSIZE (2 * RECORDSIZE)
-
-int cmd_get_tar_commit_id(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
-{
-	char buffer[HEADERSIZE];
-	struct ustar_header *header = (struct ustar_header *)buffer;
-	char *content = buffer + RECORDSIZE;
-	ssize_t n;
-
-	if (argc != 1)
-		usage(builtin_get_tar_commit_id_usage);
-
-	n = read_in_full(0, buffer, HEADERSIZE);
-	if (n < HEADERSIZE)
-		die("git get-tar-commit-id: read error");
-	if (header->typeflag[0] != 'g')
-		return 1;
-	if (memcmp(content, "52 comment=", 11))
-		return 1;
-
-	n = write_in_full(1, content + 11, 41);
-	if (n < 41)
-		die_errno("git get-tar-commit-id: write error");
-
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/builtin/unpack-objects.c b/builtin/unpack-objects.c
index 14e04e6795..ac6667242c 100644
--- a/builtin/unpack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/unpack-objects.c
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ static void use(int bytes)
 static void *get_data(unsigned long size)
 {
 	git_zstream stream;
-	void *buf = xmalloc(size);
+	void *buf = xmallocz(size);
 
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ static void *get_data(unsigned long size)
 		if (stream.total_out == size && ret == Z_STREAM_END)
 			break;
 		if (ret != Z_OK) {
-			error("inflate returned %d\n", ret);
+			error("inflate returned %d", ret);
 			free(buf);
 			buf = NULL;
 			if (!recover)
@@ -164,10 +164,10 @@ static unsigned nr_objects;
  * Called only from check_object() after it verified this object
  * is Ok.
  */
-static void write_cached_object(struct object *obj)
+static void write_cached_object(struct object *obj, struct obj_buffer *obj_buf)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	struct obj_buffer *obj_buf = lookup_object_buffer(obj);
+
 	if (write_sha1_file(obj_buf->buffer, obj_buf->size, typename(obj->type), sha1) < 0)
 		die("failed to write object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
 	obj->flags |= FLAG_WRITTEN;
@@ -180,6 +180,8 @@ static void write_cached_object(struct object *obj)
  */
 static int check_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 {
+	struct obj_buffer *obj_buf;
+
 	if (!obj)
 		return 1;
 
@@ -198,11 +200,15 @@ static int check_object(struct object *obj, int type, void *data)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (fsck_object(obj, 1, fsck_error_function))
+	obj_buf = lookup_object_buffer(obj);
+	if (!obj_buf)
+		die("Whoops! Cannot find object '%s'", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+	if (fsck_object(obj, obj_buf->buffer, obj_buf->size, 1,
+			fsck_error_function))
 		die("Error in object");
 	if (fsck_walk(obj, check_object, NULL))
 		die("Error on reachable objects of %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-	write_cached_object(obj);
+	write_cached_object(obj, obj_buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -480,7 +486,7 @@ static void unpack_all(void)
 	use(sizeof(struct pack_header));
 
 	if (!quiet)
-		progress = start_progress("Unpacking objects", nr_objects);
+		progress = start_progress(_("Unpacking objects"), nr_objects);
 	obj_list = xcalloc(nr_objects, sizeof(*obj_list));
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
 		unpack_one(i);
@@ -497,7 +503,7 @@ int cmd_unpack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int i;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
@@ -523,7 +529,7 @@ int cmd_unpack_objects(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				strict = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
+			if (starts_with(arg, "--pack_header=")) {
 				struct pack_header *hdr;
 				char *c;
 
diff --git a/builtin/update-index.c b/builtin/update-index.c
index a6a23fa1f3..6271b54adc 100644
--- a/builtin/update-index.c
+++ b/builtin/update-index.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
@@ -11,6 +12,9 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
 
 /*
  * Default to not allowing changes to the list of files. The
@@ -53,8 +57,9 @@ static int mark_ce_flags(const char *path, int flag, int mark)
 			active_cache[pos]->ce_flags |= flag;
 		else
 			active_cache[pos]->ce_flags &= ~flag;
-		cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree, path);
-		active_cache_changed = 1;
+		active_cache[pos]->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+		cache_tree_invalidate_path(&the_index, path);
+		active_cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
 		return 0;
 	}
 	return -1;
@@ -83,7 +88,7 @@ static int process_lstat_error(const char *path, int err)
 	return error("lstat(\"%s\"): %s", path, strerror(errno));
 }
 
-static int add_one_path(struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
+static int add_one_path(const struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
 {
 	int option, size;
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
@@ -95,7 +100,8 @@ static int add_one_path(struct cache_entry *old, const char *path, int len, stru
 	size = cache_entry_size(len);
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = len;
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	fill_stat_cache_info(ce, st);
 	ce->ce_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(old, st->st_mode);
 
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@ static int process_directory(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
 
 	/* Exact match: file or existing gitlink */
 	if (pos >= 0) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
 
 			/* Do nothing to the index if there is no HEAD! */
@@ -157,7 +163,7 @@ static int process_directory(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st)
 	/* Inexact match: is there perhaps a subdirectory match? */
 	pos = -pos-1;
 	while (pos < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
 
 		if (strncmp(ce->name, path, len))
 			break;
@@ -182,7 +188,7 @@ static int process_path(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos, len;
 	struct stat st;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	len = strlen(path);
 	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, len))
@@ -211,12 +217,6 @@ static int process_path(const char *path)
 	if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
 		return process_directory(path, len, &st);
 
-	/*
-	 * Process a regular file
-	 */
-	if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
-		return error("%s is already a gitlink, not replacing", path);
-
 	return add_one_path(ce, path, len, &st);
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +235,8 @@ static int add_cacheinfo(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 	if (assume_unchanged)
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_VALID;
@@ -269,44 +270,41 @@ static void chmod_path(int flip, const char *path)
 	default:
 		goto fail;
 	}
-	cache_tree_invalidate_path(active_cache_tree, path);
-	active_cache_changed = 1;
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(&the_index, path);
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+	active_cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
 	report("chmod %cx '%s'", flip, path);
 	return;
  fail:
 	die("git update-index: cannot chmod %cx '%s'", flip, path);
 }
 
-static void update_one(const char *path, const char *prefix, int prefix_length)
+static void update_one(const char *path)
 {
-	const char *p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, path);
-	if (!verify_path(p)) {
+	if (!verify_path(path)) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Ignoring path %s\n", path);
-		goto free_return;
+		return;
 	}
 	if (mark_valid_only) {
-		if (mark_ce_flags(p, CE_VALID, mark_valid_only == MARK_FLAG))
+		if (mark_ce_flags(path, CE_VALID, mark_valid_only == MARK_FLAG))
 			die("Unable to mark file %s", path);
-		goto free_return;
+		return;
 	}
 	if (mark_skip_worktree_only) {
-		if (mark_ce_flags(p, CE_SKIP_WORKTREE, mark_skip_worktree_only == MARK_FLAG))
+		if (mark_ce_flags(path, CE_SKIP_WORKTREE, mark_skip_worktree_only == MARK_FLAG))
 			die("Unable to mark file %s", path);
-		goto free_return;
+		return;
 	}
 
 	if (force_remove) {
-		if (remove_file_from_cache(p))
+		if (remove_file_from_cache(path))
 			die("git update-index: unable to remove %s", path);
 		report("remove '%s'", path);
-		goto free_return;
+		return;
 	}
-	if (process_path(p))
+	if (process_path(path))
 		die("Unable to process path %s", path);
 	report("add '%s'", path);
- free_return:
-	if (p < path || p > path + strlen(path))
-		free((char *)p);
 }
 
 static void read_index_info(int line_termination)
@@ -402,7 +400,7 @@ static void read_index_info(int line_termination)
 }
 
 static const char * const update_index_usage[] = {
-	"git update-index [options] [--] [<file>...]",
+	N_("git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -433,7 +431,8 @@ static struct cache_entry *read_one_ent(const char *which,
 
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(namelen, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 	return ce;
 }
@@ -451,7 +450,7 @@ static int unresolve_one(const char *path)
 		/* already merged */
 		pos = unmerge_cache_entry_at(pos);
 		if (pos < active_nr) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 			if (ce_stage(ce) &&
 			    ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
 			    !memcmp(ce->name, path, namelen))
@@ -465,7 +464,7 @@ static int unresolve_one(const char *path)
 		 */
 		pos = -pos-1;
 		if (pos < active_nr) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 			if (ce_namelen(ce) == namelen &&
 			    !memcmp(ce->name, path, namelen)) {
 				fprintf(stderr,
@@ -549,10 +548,11 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 	 */
 	int pos;
 	int has_head = 1;
-	const char **paths = get_pathspec(prefix, av + 1);
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, paths);
+	parse_pathspec(&pathspec, 0,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, av + 1);
 
 	if (read_ref("HEAD", head_sha1))
 		/* If there is no HEAD, that means it is an initial
@@ -561,11 +561,12 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 		has_head = 0;
  redo:
 	for (pos = 0; pos < active_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos];
 		struct cache_entry *old = NULL;
 		int save_nr;
+		char *path;
 
-		if (ce_stage(ce) || !ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec))
+		if (ce_stage(ce) || !ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec, NULL))
 			continue;
 		if (has_head)
 			old = read_one_ent(NULL, head_sha1,
@@ -580,7 +581,10 @@ static int do_reupdate(int ac, const char **av,
 		 * or worse yet 'allow_replace', active_nr may decrease.
 		 */
 		save_nr = active_nr;
-		update_one(ce->name + prefix_length, prefix, prefix_length);
+		path = xstrdup(ce->name);
+		update_one(path);
+		free(path);
+		free(old);
 		if (save_nr != active_nr)
 			goto redo;
 	}
@@ -596,6 +600,7 @@ struct refresh_params {
 static int refresh(struct refresh_params *o, unsigned int flag)
 {
 	setup_work_tree();
+	read_cache_preload(NULL);
 	*o->has_errors |= refresh_cache(o->flags | flag);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -629,14 +634,45 @@ static int resolve_undo_clear_callback(const struct option *opt,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int parse_new_style_cacheinfo(const char *arg,
+				     unsigned int *mode,
+				     unsigned char sha1[],
+				     const char **path)
+{
+	unsigned long ul;
+	char *endp;
+
+	if (!arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	ul = strtoul(arg, &endp, 8);
+	if (errno || endp == arg || *endp != ',' || (unsigned int) ul != ul)
+		return -1; /* not a new-style cacheinfo */
+	*mode = ul;
+	endp++;
+	if (get_sha1_hex(endp, sha1) || endp[40] != ',')
+		return -1;
+	*path = endp + 41;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int cacheinfo_callback(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 				const struct option *opt, int unset)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	unsigned int mode;
+	const char *path;
 
+	if (!parse_new_style_cacheinfo(ctx->argv[1], &mode, sha1, &path)) {
+		if (add_cacheinfo(mode, sha1, path, 0))
+			die("git update-index: --cacheinfo cannot add %s", path);
+		ctx->argv++;
+		ctx->argc--;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (ctx->argc <= 3)
-		return error("option 'cacheinfo' expects three arguments");
+		return error("option 'cacheinfo' expects <mode>,<sha1>,<path>");
 	if (strtoul_ui(*++ctx->argv, 8, &mode) ||
 	    get_sha1_hex(*++ctx->argv, sha1) ||
 	    add_cacheinfo(mode, sha1, *++ctx->argv, 0))
@@ -708,94 +744,100 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	int newfd, entries, has_errors = 0, line_termination = '\n';
 	int read_from_stdin = 0;
 	int prefix_length = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	int preferred_index_format = 0;
 	char set_executable_bit = 0;
 	struct refresh_params refresh_args = {0, &has_errors};
 	int lock_error = 0;
+	int split_index = -1;
 	struct lock_file *lock_file;
 	struct parse_opt_ctx_t ctx;
 	int parseopt_state = PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN;
 	struct option options[] = {
 		OPT_BIT('q', NULL, &refresh_args.flags,
-			"continue refresh even when index needs update",
+			N_("continue refresh even when index needs update"),
 			REFRESH_QUIET),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-submodules", &refresh_args.flags,
-			"refresh: ignore submodules",
+			N_("refresh: ignore submodules"),
 			REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "add", &allow_add,
-			"do not ignore new files", 1),
+			N_("do not ignore new files"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "replace", &allow_replace,
-			"let files replace directories and vice-versa", 1),
+			N_("let files replace directories and vice-versa"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "remove", &allow_remove,
-			"notice files missing from worktree", 1),
+			N_("notice files missing from worktree"), 1),
 		OPT_BIT(0, "unmerged", &refresh_args.flags,
-			"refresh even if index contains unmerged entries",
+			N_("refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"),
 			REFRESH_UNMERGED),
 		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "refresh", &refresh_args, NULL,
-			"refresh stat information",
+			N_("refresh stat information"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			refresh_callback},
 		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "really-refresh", &refresh_args, NULL,
-			"like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting",
+			N_("like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			really_refresh_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "cacheinfo", NULL,
-			"<mode> <object> <path>",
-			"add the specified entry to the index",
-			PARSE_OPT_NOARG |	/* disallow --cacheinfo=<mode> form */
+			N_("<mode>,<object>,<path>"),
+			N_("add the specified entry to the index"),
+			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | /* disallow --cacheinfo=<mode> form */
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) cacheinfo_callback},
-		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "chmod", &set_executable_bit, "(+/-)x",
-			"override the executable bit of the listed files",
+		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "chmod", &set_executable_bit, N_("(+/-)x"),
+			N_("override the executable bit of the listed files"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP,
 			chmod_callback},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "assume-unchanged", &mark_valid_only, NULL,
-			"mark files as \"not changing\"",
+			N_("mark files as \"not changing\""),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, MARK_FLAG},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-assume-unchanged", &mark_valid_only, NULL,
-			"clear assumed-unchanged bit",
+			N_("clear assumed-unchanged bit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, UNMARK_FLAG},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "skip-worktree", &mark_skip_worktree_only, NULL,
-			"mark files as \"index-only\"",
+			N_("mark files as \"index-only\""),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, MARK_FLAG},
 		{OPTION_SET_INT, 0, "no-skip-worktree", &mark_skip_worktree_only, NULL,
-			"clear skip-worktree bit",
+			N_("clear skip-worktree bit"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, UNMARK_FLAG},
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "info-only", &info_only,
-			"add to index only; do not add content to object database", 1),
+			N_("add to index only; do not add content to object database"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "force-remove", &force_remove,
-			"remove named paths even if present in worktree", 1),
+			N_("remove named paths even if present in worktree"), 1),
 		OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &line_termination,
-			"with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes", '\0'),
+			N_("with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"), '\0'),
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "stdin", &read_from_stdin, NULL,
-			"read list of paths to be updated from standard input",
+			N_("read list of paths to be updated from standard input"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) stdin_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "index-info", &line_termination, NULL,
-			"add entries from standard input to the index",
+			N_("add entries from standard input to the index"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) stdin_cacheinfo_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 0, "unresolve", &has_errors, NULL,
-			"repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths",
+			N_("repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) unresolve_callback},
 		{OPTION_LOWLEVEL_CALLBACK, 'g', "again", &has_errors, NULL,
-			"only update entries that differ from HEAD",
+			N_("only update entries that differ from HEAD"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NONEG | PARSE_OPT_NOARG,
 			(parse_opt_cb *) reupdate_callback},
 		OPT_BIT(0, "ignore-missing", &refresh_args.flags,
-			"ignore files missing from worktree",
+			N_("ignore files missing from worktree"),
 			REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING),
 		OPT_SET_INT(0, "verbose", &verbose,
-			"report actions to standard output", 1),
+			N_("report actions to standard output"), 1),
 		{OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "clear-resolve-undo", NULL, NULL,
-			"(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts",
+			N_("(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"),
 			PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG,
 			resolve_undo_clear_callback},
+		OPT_INTEGER(0, "index-version", &preferred_index_format,
+			N_("write index in this format")),
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "split-index", &split_index,
+			N_("enable or disable split index")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
 	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
-		usage(update_index_usage[0]);
+		usage_with_options(update_index_usage, options);
 
 	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 
@@ -833,11 +875,10 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 
 			setup_work_tree();
 			p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, path);
-			update_one(p, NULL, 0);
+			update_one(p);
 			if (set_executable_bit)
 				chmod_path(set_executable_bit, p);
-			if (p < path || p > path + strlen(path))
-				free((char *)p);
+			free((char *)p);
 			ctx.argc--;
 			ctx.argv++;
 			break;
@@ -851,6 +892,17 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		}
 	}
 	argc = parse_options_end(&ctx);
+	if (preferred_index_format) {
+		if (preferred_index_format < INDEX_FORMAT_LB ||
+		    INDEX_FORMAT_UB < preferred_index_format)
+			die("index-version %d not in range: %d..%d",
+			    preferred_index_format,
+			    INDEX_FORMAT_LB, INDEX_FORMAT_UB);
+
+		if (the_index.version != preferred_index_format)
+			active_cache_changed |= SOMETHING_CHANGED;
+		the_index.version = preferred_index_format;
+	}
 
 	if (read_from_stdin) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -865,24 +917,36 @@ int cmd_update_index(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 				strbuf_swap(&buf, &nbuf);
 			}
 			p = prefix_path(prefix, prefix_length, buf.buf);
-			update_one(p, NULL, 0);
+			update_one(p);
 			if (set_executable_bit)
 				chmod_path(set_executable_bit, p);
-			if (p < buf.buf || p > buf.buf + buf.len)
-				free((char *)p);
+			free((char *)p);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&nbuf);
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 
+	if (split_index > 0) {
+		init_split_index(&the_index);
+		the_index.cache_changed |= SPLIT_INDEX_ORDERED;
+	} else if (!split_index && the_index.split_index) {
+		/*
+		 * can't discard_split_index(&the_index); because that
+		 * will destroy split_index->base->cache[], which may
+		 * be shared with the_index.cache[]. So yeah we're
+		 * leaking a bit here.
+		 */
+		the_index.split_index = NULL;
+		the_index.cache_changed |= SOMETHING_CHANGED;
+	}
+
 	if (active_cache_changed) {
 		if (newfd < 0) {
 			if (refresh_args.flags & REFRESH_QUIET)
 				exit(128);
-			unable_to_lock_index_die(get_index_file(), lock_error);
+			unable_to_lock_die(get_index_file(), lock_error);
 		}
-		if (write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(lock_file))
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die("Unable to write new index file");
 	}
 
diff --git a/builtin/update-ref.c b/builtin/update-ref.c
index 835c62ab15..3d79a46b03 100644
--- a/builtin/update-ref.c
+++ b/builtin/update-ref.c
@@ -2,23 +2,365 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char * const git_update_ref_usage[] = {
-	"git update-ref [options] -d <refname> [<oldval>]",
-	"git update-ref [options]    <refname> <newval> [<oldval>]",
+	N_("git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"),
+	N_("git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"),
+	N_("git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
+static char line_termination = '\n';
+static int update_flags;
+static const char *msg;
+
+/*
+ * Parse one whitespace- or NUL-terminated, possibly C-quoted argument
+ * and append the result to arg.  Return a pointer to the terminator.
+ * Die if there is an error in how the argument is C-quoted.  This
+ * function is only used if not -z.
+ */
+static const char *parse_arg(const char *next, struct strbuf *arg)
+{
+	if (*next == '"') {
+		const char *orig = next;
+
+		if (unquote_c_style(arg, next, &next))
+			die("badly quoted argument: %s", orig);
+		if (*next && !isspace(*next))
+			die("unexpected character after quoted argument: %s", orig);
+	} else {
+		while (*next && !isspace(*next))
+			strbuf_addch(arg, *next++);
+	}
+
+	return next;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse the reference name immediately after "command SP".  If not
+ * -z, then handle C-quoting.  Return a pointer to a newly allocated
+ * string containing the name of the reference, or NULL if there was
+ * an error.  Update *next to point at the character that terminates
+ * the argument.  Die if C-quoting is malformed or the reference name
+ * is invalid.
+ */
+static char *parse_refname(struct strbuf *input, const char **next)
+{
+	struct strbuf ref = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (line_termination) {
+		/* Without -z, use the next argument */
+		*next = parse_arg(*next, &ref);
+	} else {
+		/* With -z, use everything up to the next NUL */
+		strbuf_addstr(&ref, *next);
+		*next += ref.len;
+	}
+
+	if (!ref.len) {
+		strbuf_release(&ref);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (check_refname_format(ref.buf, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
+		die("invalid ref format: %s", ref.buf);
+
+	return strbuf_detach(&ref, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The value being parsed is <oldvalue> (as opposed to <newvalue>; the
+ * difference affects which error messages are generated):
+ */
+#define PARSE_SHA1_OLD 0x01
+
+/*
+ * For backwards compatibility, accept an empty string for update's
+ * <newvalue> in binary mode to be equivalent to specifying zeros.
+ */
+#define PARSE_SHA1_ALLOW_EMPTY 0x02
+
+/*
+ * Parse an argument separator followed by the next argument, if any.
+ * If there is an argument, convert it to a SHA-1, write it to sha1,
+ * set *next to point at the character terminating the argument, and
+ * return 0.  If there is no argument at all (not even the empty
+ * string), return 1 and leave *next unchanged.  If the value is
+ * provided but cannot be converted to a SHA-1, die.  flags can
+ * include PARSE_SHA1_OLD and/or PARSE_SHA1_ALLOW_EMPTY.
+ */
+static int parse_next_sha1(struct strbuf *input, const char **next,
+			   unsigned char *sha1,
+			   const char *command, const char *refname,
+			   int flags)
+{
+	struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (*next == input->buf + input->len)
+		goto eof;
+
+	if (line_termination) {
+		/* Without -z, consume SP and use next argument */
+		if (!**next || **next == line_termination)
+			return 1;
+		if (**next != ' ')
+			die("%s %s: expected SP but got: %s",
+			    command, refname, *next);
+		(*next)++;
+		*next = parse_arg(*next, &arg);
+		if (arg.len) {
+			if (get_sha1(arg.buf, sha1))
+				goto invalid;
+		} else {
+			/* Without -z, an empty value means all zeros: */
+			hashclr(sha1);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* With -z, read the next NUL-terminated line */
+		if (**next)
+			die("%s %s: expected NUL but got: %s",
+			    command, refname, *next);
+		(*next)++;
+		if (*next == input->buf + input->len)
+			goto eof;
+		strbuf_addstr(&arg, *next);
+		*next += arg.len;
+
+		if (arg.len) {
+			if (get_sha1(arg.buf, sha1))
+				goto invalid;
+		} else if (flags & PARSE_SHA1_ALLOW_EMPTY) {
+			/* With -z, treat an empty value as all zeros: */
+			warning("%s %s: missing <newvalue>, treating as zero",
+				command, refname);
+			hashclr(sha1);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * With -z, an empty non-required value means
+			 * unspecified:
+			 */
+			ret = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&arg);
+
+	return ret;
+
+ invalid:
+	die(flags & PARSE_SHA1_OLD ?
+	    "%s %s: invalid <oldvalue>: %s" :
+	    "%s %s: invalid <newvalue>: %s",
+	    command, refname, arg.buf);
+
+ eof:
+	die(flags & PARSE_SHA1_OLD ?
+	    "%s %s: unexpected end of input when reading <oldvalue>" :
+	    "%s %s: unexpected end of input when reading <newvalue>",
+	    command, refname);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * The following five parse_cmd_*() functions parse the corresponding
+ * command.  In each case, next points at the character following the
+ * command name and the following space.  They each return a pointer
+ * to the character terminating the command, and die with an
+ * explanatory message if there are any parsing problems.  All of
+ * these functions handle either text or binary format input,
+ * depending on how line_termination is set.
+ */
+
+static const char *parse_cmd_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				    struct strbuf *input, const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *refname;
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	int have_old;
+
+	refname = parse_refname(input, &next);
+	if (!refname)
+		die("update: missing <ref>");
+
+	if (parse_next_sha1(input, &next, new_sha1, "update", refname,
+			    PARSE_SHA1_ALLOW_EMPTY))
+		die("update %s: missing <newvalue>", refname);
+
+	have_old = !parse_next_sha1(input, &next, old_sha1, "update", refname,
+				    PARSE_SHA1_OLD);
+
+	if (*next != line_termination)
+		die("update %s: extra input: %s", refname, next);
+
+	if (ref_transaction_update(transaction, refname,
+				   new_sha1, have_old ? old_sha1 : NULL,
+				   update_flags, msg, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	update_flags = 0;
+	free(refname);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_cmd_create(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				    struct strbuf *input, const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *refname;
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+
+	refname = parse_refname(input, &next);
+	if (!refname)
+		die("create: missing <ref>");
+
+	if (parse_next_sha1(input, &next, new_sha1, "create", refname, 0))
+		die("create %s: missing <newvalue>", refname);
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(new_sha1))
+		die("create %s: zero <newvalue>", refname);
+
+	if (*next != line_termination)
+		die("create %s: extra input: %s", refname, next);
+
+	if (ref_transaction_create(transaction, refname, new_sha1,
+				   update_flags, msg, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	update_flags = 0;
+	free(refname);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_cmd_delete(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				    struct strbuf *input, const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *refname;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	int have_old;
+
+	refname = parse_refname(input, &next);
+	if (!refname)
+		die("delete: missing <ref>");
+
+	if (parse_next_sha1(input, &next, old_sha1, "delete", refname,
+			    PARSE_SHA1_OLD)) {
+		have_old = 0;
+	} else {
+		if (is_null_sha1(old_sha1))
+			die("delete %s: zero <oldvalue>", refname);
+		have_old = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (*next != line_termination)
+		die("delete %s: extra input: %s", refname, next);
+
+	if (ref_transaction_delete(transaction, refname,
+				   have_old ? old_sha1 : NULL,
+				   update_flags, msg, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	update_flags = 0;
+	free(refname);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_cmd_verify(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				    struct strbuf *input, const char *next)
+{
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *refname;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+
+	refname = parse_refname(input, &next);
+	if (!refname)
+		die("verify: missing <ref>");
+
+	if (parse_next_sha1(input, &next, old_sha1, "verify", refname,
+			    PARSE_SHA1_OLD))
+		hashclr(old_sha1);
+
+	if (*next != line_termination)
+		die("verify %s: extra input: %s", refname, next);
+
+	if (ref_transaction_verify(transaction, refname, old_sha1,
+				   update_flags, &err))
+		die("%s", err.buf);
+
+	update_flags = 0;
+	free(refname);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+
+	return next;
+}
+
+static const char *parse_cmd_option(struct strbuf *input, const char *next)
+{
+	if (!strncmp(next, "no-deref", 8) && next[8] == line_termination)
+		update_flags |= REF_NODEREF;
+	else
+		die("option unknown: %s", next);
+	return next + 8;
+}
+
+static void update_refs_stdin(struct ref_transaction *transaction)
+{
+	struct strbuf input = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *next;
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&input, 0, 1000) < 0)
+		die_errno("could not read from stdin");
+	next = input.buf;
+	/* Read each line dispatch its command */
+	while (next < input.buf + input.len) {
+		if (*next == line_termination)
+			die("empty command in input");
+		else if (isspace(*next))
+			die("whitespace before command: %s", next);
+		else if (starts_with(next, "update "))
+			next = parse_cmd_update(transaction, &input, next + 7);
+		else if (starts_with(next, "create "))
+			next = parse_cmd_create(transaction, &input, next + 7);
+		else if (starts_with(next, "delete "))
+			next = parse_cmd_delete(transaction, &input, next + 7);
+		else if (starts_with(next, "verify "))
+			next = parse_cmd_verify(transaction, &input, next + 7);
+		else if (starts_with(next, "option "))
+			next = parse_cmd_option(&input, next + 7);
+		else
+			die("unknown command: %s", next);
+
+		next++;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&input);
+}
+
 int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *refname, *oldval, *msg = NULL;
+	const char *refname, *oldval;
 	unsigned char sha1[20], oldsha1[20];
-	int delete = 0, no_deref = 0, flags = 0;
+	int delete = 0, no_deref = 0, read_stdin = 0, end_null = 0;
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT_STRING( 'm', NULL, &msg, "reason", "reason of the update"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN('d', NULL, &delete, "deletes the reference"),
-		OPT_BOOLEAN( 0 , "no-deref", &no_deref,
-					"update <refname> not the one it points to"),
+		OPT_STRING( 'm', NULL, &msg, N_("reason"), N_("reason of the update")),
+		OPT_BOOL('d', NULL, &delete, N_("delete the reference")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "no-deref", &no_deref,
+					N_("update <refname> not the one it points to")),
+		OPT_BOOL('z', NULL, &end_null, N_("stdin has NUL-terminated arguments")),
+		OPT_BOOL( 0 , "stdin", &read_stdin, N_("read updates from stdin")),
 		OPT_END(),
 	};
 
@@ -28,6 +370,28 @@ int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	if (msg && !*msg)
 		die("Refusing to perform update with empty message.");
 
+	if (read_stdin) {
+		struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+
+		transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!transaction)
+			die("%s", err.buf);
+		if (delete || no_deref || argc > 0)
+			usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
+		if (end_null)
+			line_termination = '\0';
+		update_refs_stdin(transaction);
+		if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+			die("%s", err.buf);
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (end_null)
+		usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
+
 	if (delete) {
 		if (argc < 1 || argc > 2)
 			usage_with_options(git_update_ref_usage, options);
@@ -54,5 +418,5 @@ int cmd_update_ref(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		return delete_ref(refname, oldval ? oldsha1 : NULL, flags);
 	else
 		return update_ref(msg, refname, sha1, oldval ? oldsha1 : NULL,
-				  flags, DIE_ON_ERR);
+				  flags, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
 }
diff --git a/builtin/update-server-info.c b/builtin/update-server-info.c
index b90dce6358..6c8cc3edc1 100644
--- a/builtin/update-server-info.c
+++ b/builtin/update-server-info.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const update_server_info_usage[] = {
-	"git update-server-info [--force]",
+	N_("git update-server-info [--force]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -11,10 +11,11 @@ int cmd_update_server_info(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int force = 0;
 	struct option options[] = {
-		OPT__FORCE(&force, "update the info files from scratch"),
+		OPT__FORCE(&force, N_("update the info files from scratch")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options,
 			     update_server_info_usage, 0);
 	if (argc > 0)
diff --git a/builtin/upload-archive.c b/builtin/upload-archive.c
index b928beb8ed..32ab94cd06 100644
--- a/builtin/upload-archive.c
+++ b/builtin/upload-archive.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char upload_archive_usage[] =
 	"git upload-archive <repo>";
@@ -18,51 +19,31 @@ static const char deadchild[] =
 
 int cmd_upload_archive_writer(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
-	const char *sent_argv[MAX_ARGS];
+	struct argv_array sent_argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	const char *arg_cmd = "argument ";
-	char *p, buf[4096];
-	int sent_argc;
-	int len;
 
 	if (argc != 2)
 		usage(upload_archive_usage);
 
-	if (strlen(argv[1]) + 1 > sizeof(buf))
-		die("insanely long repository name");
-
-	strcpy(buf, argv[1]); /* enter-repo smudges its argument */
-
-	if (!enter_repo(buf, 0))
-		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", buf);
+	if (!enter_repo(argv[1], 0))
+		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", argv[1]);
 
 	/* put received options in sent_argv[] */
-	sent_argc = 1;
-	sent_argv[0] = "git-upload-archive";
-	for (p = buf;;) {
-		/* This will die if not enough free space in buf */
-		len = packet_read_line(0, p, (buf + sizeof buf) - p);
-		if (len == 0)
+	argv_array_push(&sent_argv, "git-upload-archive");
+	for (;;) {
+		char *buf = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
+		if (!buf)
 			break;	/* got a flush */
-		if (sent_argc > MAX_ARGS - 2)
-			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 2);
+		if (sent_argv.argc > MAX_ARGS)
+			die("Too many options (>%d)", MAX_ARGS - 1);
 
-		if (p[len-1] == '\n') {
-			p[--len] = 0;
-		}
-		if (len < strlen(arg_cmd) ||
-		    strncmp(arg_cmd, p, strlen(arg_cmd)))
+		if (!starts_with(buf, arg_cmd))
 			die("'argument' token or flush expected");
-
-		len -= strlen(arg_cmd);
-		memmove(p, p + strlen(arg_cmd), len);
-		sent_argv[sent_argc++] = p;
-		p += len;
-		*p++ = 0;
+		argv_array_push(&sent_argv, buf + strlen(arg_cmd));
 	}
-	sent_argv[sent_argc] = NULL;
 
 	/* parse all options sent by the client */
-	return write_archive(sent_argc, sent_argv, prefix, 0, NULL, 1);
+	return write_archive(sent_argv.argc, sent_argv.argv, prefix, 0, NULL, 1);
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
diff --git a/builtin/var.c b/builtin/var.c
index 99d068a532..aedbb53a2d 100644
--- a/builtin/var.c
+++ b/builtin/var.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ static const char *editor(int flag)
 {
 	const char *pgm = git_editor();
 
-	if (!pgm && flag & IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME)
+	if (!pgm && flag & IDENT_STRICT)
 		die("Terminal is dumb, but EDITOR unset");
 
 	return pgm;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ static const char *read_var(const char *var)
 	val = NULL;
 	for (ptr = git_vars; ptr->read; ptr++) {
 		if (strcmp(var, ptr->name) == 0) {
-			val = ptr->read(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+			val = ptr->read(IDENT_STRICT);
 			break;
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/builtin/verify-commit.c b/builtin/verify-commit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec0c4e3d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/builtin/verify-commit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * Builtin "git commit-commit"
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Michael J Gruber <git@drmicha.warpmail.net>
+ *
+ * Based on git-verify-tag
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include <signal.h>
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+
+static const char * const verify_commit_usage[] = {
+		N_("git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."),
+		NULL
+};
+
+static int run_gpg_verify(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *buf, unsigned long size, int verbose)
+{
+	struct signature_check signature_check;
+
+	memset(&signature_check, 0, sizeof(signature_check));
+
+	check_commit_signature(lookup_commit(sha1), &signature_check);
+
+	if (verbose && signature_check.payload)
+		fputs(signature_check.payload, stdout);
+
+	if (signature_check.gpg_output)
+		fputs(signature_check.gpg_output, stderr);
+
+	signature_check_clear(&signature_check);
+	return signature_check.result != 'G';
+}
+
+static int verify_commit(const char *name, int verbose)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+		return error("commit '%s' not found.", name);
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("%s: unable to read file.", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return error("%s: cannot verify a non-commit object of type %s.",
+				name, typename(type));
+
+	ret = run_gpg_verify(sha1, buf, size, verbose);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int git_verify_commit_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	int status = git_gpg_config(var, value, cb);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
+int cmd_verify_commit(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
+{
+	int i = 1, verbose = 0, had_error = 0;
+	const struct option verify_commit_options[] = {
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("print commit contents")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	git_config(git_verify_commit_config, NULL);
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, verify_commit_options,
+			     verify_commit_usage, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
+	if (argc <= i)
+		usage_with_options(verify_commit_usage, verify_commit_options);
+
+	/* sometimes the program was terminated because this signal
+	 * was received in the process of writing the gpg input: */
+	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+	while (i < argc)
+		if (verify_commit(argv[i++], verbose))
+			had_error = 1;
+	return had_error;
+}
diff --git a/builtin/verify-pack.c b/builtin/verify-pack.c
index e841b4a38d..c94e156932 100644
--- a/builtin/verify-pack.c
+++ b/builtin/verify-pack.c
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 static int verify_one_pack(const char *path, unsigned int flags)
 {
-	struct child_process index_pack;
+	struct child_process index_pack = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[] = {"index-pack", NULL, NULL, NULL };
 	struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int verbose = flags & VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE;
@@ -27,13 +27,11 @@ static int verify_one_pack(const char *path, unsigned int flags)
 	 * normalize these forms to "foo.pack" for "index-pack --verify".
 	 */
 	strbuf_addstr(&arg, path);
-	if (has_extension(arg.buf, ".idx"))
-		strbuf_splice(&arg, arg.len - 3, 3, "pack", 4);
-	else if (!has_extension(arg.buf, ".pack"))
-		strbuf_add(&arg, ".pack", 5);
+	if (strbuf_strip_suffix(&arg, ".idx") ||
+	    !ends_with(arg.buf, ".pack"))
+		strbuf_addstr(&arg, ".pack");
 	argv[2] = arg.buf;
 
-	memset(&index_pack, 0, sizeof(index_pack));
 	index_pack.argv = argv;
 	index_pack.git_cmd = 1;
 
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ static int verify_one_pack(const char *path, unsigned int flags)
 }
 
 static const char * const verify_pack_usage[] = {
-	"git verify-pack [-v|--verbose] [-s|--stat-only] <pack>...",
+	N_("git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -63,9 +61,9 @@ int cmd_verify_pack(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 	unsigned int flags = 0;
 	int i;
 	const struct option verify_pack_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT('v', "verbose", &flags, "verbose",
+		OPT_BIT('v', "verbose", &flags, N_("verbose"),
 			VERIFY_PACK_VERBOSE),
-		OPT_BIT('s', "stat-only", &flags, "show statistics only",
+		OPT_BIT('s', "stat-only", &flags, N_("show statistics only"),
 			VERIFY_PACK_STAT_ONLY),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
diff --git a/builtin/verify-tag.c b/builtin/verify-tag.c
index 28c2174338..53c68fce3a 100644
--- a/builtin/verify-tag.c
+++ b/builtin/verify-tag.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
 
 static const char * const verify_tag_usage[] = {
-		"git verify-tag [-v|--verbose] <tag>...",
+		N_("git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."),
 		NULL
 };
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ static int run_gpg_verify(const char *buf, unsigned long size, int verbose)
 	if (size == len)
 		return error("no signature found");
 
-	return verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, NULL);
+	return verify_signed_buffer(buf, len, buf + len, size - len, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 static int verify_tag(const char *name, int verbose)
@@ -58,15 +58,23 @@ static int verify_tag(const char *name, int verbose)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int git_verify_tag_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	int status = git_gpg_config(var, value, cb);
+	if (status)
+		return status;
+	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
+}
+
 int cmd_verify_tag(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
 	int i = 1, verbose = 0, had_error = 0;
 	const struct option verify_tag_options[] = {
-		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, "print tag contents"),
+		OPT__VERBOSE(&verbose, N_("print tag contents")),
 		OPT_END()
 	};
 
-	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+	git_config(git_verify_tag_config, NULL);
 
 	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, verify_tag_options,
 			     verify_tag_usage, PARSE_OPT_KEEP_ARGV0);
diff --git a/builtin/write-tree.c b/builtin/write-tree.c
index b223af416f..084c0df783 100644
--- a/builtin/write-tree.c
+++ b/builtin/write-tree.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char * const write_tree_usage[] = {
-	"git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]",
+	N_("git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"),
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ int cmd_write_tree(int argc, const char **argv, const char *unused_prefix)
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	const char *me = "git-write-tree";
 	struct option write_tree_options[] = {
-		OPT_BIT(0, "missing-ok", &flags, "allow missing objects",
+		OPT_BIT(0, "missing-ok", &flags, N_("allow missing objects"),
 			WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK),
-		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &prefix, "<prefix>/",
-		  "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>" ,
+		{ OPTION_STRING, 0, "prefix", &prefix, N_("<prefix>/"),
+		  N_("write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>") ,
 		  PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP },
 		{ OPTION_BIT, 0, "ignore-cache-tree", &flags, NULL,
-		  "only useful for debugging",
+		  N_("only useful for debugging"),
 		  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL,
 		  WRITE_TREE_IGNORE_CACHE_TREE },
 		OPT_END()
diff --git a/bulk-checkin.c b/bulk-checkin.c
index 6b0b6d4904..8d157eba45 100644
--- a/bulk-checkin.c
+++ b/bulk-checkin.c
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2011, Google Inc.
  */
+#include "cache.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
 #include "csum-file.h"
 #include "pack.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
 
 static int pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 
@@ -23,7 +25,7 @@ static struct bulk_checkin_state {
 static void finish_bulk_checkin(struct bulk_checkin_state *state)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	char packname[PATH_MAX];
+	struct strbuf packname = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int i;
 
 	if (!state->f)
@@ -43,8 +45,8 @@ static void finish_bulk_checkin(struct bulk_checkin_state *state)
 		close(fd);
 	}
 
-	sprintf(packname, "%s/pack/pack-", get_object_directory());
-	finish_tmp_packfile(packname, state->pack_tmp_name,
+	strbuf_addf(&packname, "%s/pack/pack-", get_object_directory());
+	finish_tmp_packfile(&packname, state->pack_tmp_name,
 			    state->written, state->nr_written,
 			    &state->pack_idx_opts, sha1);
 	for (i = 0; i < state->nr_written; i++)
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ clear_exit:
 	free(state->written);
 	memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
 
+	strbuf_release(&packname);
 	/* Make objects we just wrote available to ourselves */
 	reprepare_packed_git();
 }
@@ -102,7 +105,6 @@ static int stream_to_pack(struct bulk_checkin_state *state,
 	int write_object = (flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT);
 	off_t offset = 0;
 
-	memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
 	git_deflate_init(&s, pack_compression_level);
 
 	hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(type, size, obuf);
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ static int stream_to_pack(struct bulk_checkin_state *state,
 
 		if (size && !s.avail_in) {
 			ssize_t rsize = size < sizeof(ibuf) ? size : sizeof(ibuf);
-			if (xread(fd, ibuf, rsize) != rsize)
+			if (read_in_full(fd, ibuf, rsize) != rsize)
 				die("failed to read %d bytes from '%s'",
 				    (int)rsize, path);
 			offset += rsize;
diff --git a/bulk-checkin.h b/bulk-checkin.h
index 4f599f8841..fbd40fc98c 100644
--- a/bulk-checkin.h
+++ b/bulk-checkin.h
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 #ifndef BULK_CHECKIN_H
 #define BULK_CHECKIN_H
 
-#include "cache.h"
-
 extern int index_bulk_checkin(unsigned char sha1[],
 			      int fd, size_t size, enum object_type type,
 			      const char *path, unsigned flags);
diff --git a/bundle.c b/bundle.c
index 7a760db2fc..f732c920aa 100644
--- a/bundle.c
+++ b/bundle.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "bundle.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "commit.h"
@@ -7,18 +8,15 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char bundle_signature[] = "# v2 git bundle\n";
 
 static void add_to_ref_list(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name,
 		struct ref_list *list)
 {
-	if (list->nr + 1 >= list->alloc) {
-		list->alloc = alloc_nr(list->nr + 1);
-		list->list = xrealloc(list->list,
-				list->alloc * sizeof(list->list[0]));
-	}
-	memcpy(list->list[list->nr].sha1, sha1, 20);
+	ALLOC_GROW(list->list, list->nr + 1, list->alloc);
+	hashcpy(list->list[list->nr].sha1, sha1);
 	list->list[list->nr].name = xstrdup(name);
 	list->nr++;
 }
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ static int parse_bundle_header(int fd, struct bundle_header *header,
 	if (strbuf_getwholeline_fd(&buf, fd, '\n') ||
 	    strcmp(buf.buf, bundle_signature)) {
 		if (report_path)
-			error("'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file",
+			error(_("'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"),
 			      report_path);
 		status = -1;
 		goto abort;
@@ -57,10 +55,10 @@ static int parse_bundle_header(int fd, struct bundle_header *header,
 		 * followed by SP and subject line.
 		 */
 		if (get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1) ||
-		    (40 <= buf.len && !isspace(buf.buf[40])) ||
+		    (buf.len > 40 && !isspace(buf.buf[40])) ||
 		    (!is_prereq && buf.len <= 40)) {
 			if (report_path)
-				error("unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)",
+				error(_("unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"),
 				      (is_prereq ? "-" : ""), buf.buf, (int)buf.len);
 			status = -1;
 			break;
@@ -86,7 +84,7 @@ int read_bundle_header(const char *path, struct bundle_header *header)
 	int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 
 	if (fd < 0)
-		return error("could not open '%s'", path);
+		return error(_("could not open '%s'"), path);
 	return parse_bundle_header(fd, header, path);
 }
 
@@ -123,6 +121,7 @@ static int list_refs(struct ref_list *r, int argc, const char **argv)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define PREREQ_MARK (1u<<16)
 
 int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
 	struct object_array refs;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int i, ret = 0, req_nr;
-	const char *message = "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:";
+	const char *message = _("Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:");
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	for (i = 0; i < p->nr; i++) {
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
 	revs.leak_pending = 1;
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
-		die("revision walk setup failed");
+		die(_("revision walk setup failed"));
 
 	i = req_nr;
 	while (i && (commit = get_revision(&revs)))
@@ -183,13 +182,21 @@ int verify_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, int verbose)
 		struct ref_list *r;
 
 		r = &header->references;
-		printf("The bundle contains %d ref%s\n",
-		       r->nr, (1 < r->nr) ? "s" : "");
+		printf_ln(Q_("The bundle contains this ref:",
+			     "The bundle contains these %d refs:",
+			     r->nr),
+			  r->nr);
 		list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
 		r = &header->prerequisites;
-		printf("The bundle requires these %d ref%s\n",
-		       r->nr, (1 < r->nr) ? "s" : "");
-		list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
+		if (!r->nr) {
+			printf_ln(_("The bundle records a complete history."));
+		} else {
+			printf_ln(Q_("The bundle requires this ref:",
+				     "The bundle requires these %d refs:",
+				     r->nr),
+				  r->nr);
+			list_refs(r, 0, NULL);
+		}
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -203,64 +210,80 @@ static int is_tag_in_date_range(struct object *tag, struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
 	enum object_type type;
-	char *buf, *line, *lineend;
+	char *buf = NULL, *line, *lineend;
 	unsigned long date;
+	int result = 1;
 
 	if (revs->max_age == -1 && revs->min_age == -1)
-		return 1;
+		goto out;
 
 	buf = read_sha1_file(tag->sha1, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
-		return 1;
+		goto out;
 	line = memmem(buf, size, "\ntagger ", 8);
 	if (!line++)
-		return 1;
-	lineend = memchr(line, buf + size - line, '\n');
-	line = memchr(line, lineend ? lineend - line : buf + size - line, '>');
+		goto out;
+	lineend = memchr(line, '\n', buf + size - line);
+	line = memchr(line, '>', lineend ? lineend - line : buf + size - line);
 	if (!line++)
-		return 1;
+		goto out;
 	date = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
-	free(buf);
-	return (revs->max_age == -1 || revs->max_age < date) &&
+	result = (revs->max_age == -1 || revs->max_age < date) &&
 		(revs->min_age == -1 || revs->min_age > date);
+out:
+	free(buf);
+	return result;
 }
 
-int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
-		int argc, const char **argv)
+static int write_pack_data(int bundle_fd, struct lock_file *lock, struct rev_info *revs)
 {
-	static struct lock_file lock;
-	int bundle_fd = -1;
-	int bundle_to_stdout;
-	const char **argv_boundary = xmalloc((argc + 4) * sizeof(const char *));
-	const char **argv_pack = xmalloc(6 * sizeof(const char *));
-	int i, ref_count = 0;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct rev_info revs;
-	struct child_process rls;
-	FILE *rls_fout;
+	struct child_process pack_objects = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	int i;
 
-	bundle_to_stdout = !strcmp(path, "-");
-	if (bundle_to_stdout)
-		bundle_fd = 1;
-	else
-		bundle_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, path,
-						      LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	argv_array_pushl(&pack_objects.args,
+			 "pack-objects", "--all-progress-implied",
+			 "--stdout", "--thin", "--delta-base-offset",
+			 NULL);
+	pack_objects.in = -1;
+	pack_objects.out = bundle_fd;
+	pack_objects.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&pack_objects))
+		return error(_("Could not spawn pack-objects"));
 
-	/* write signature */
-	write_or_die(bundle_fd, bundle_signature, strlen(bundle_signature));
+	/*
+	 * start_command closed bundle_fd if it was > 1
+	 * so set the lock fd to -1 so commit_lock_file()
+	 * won't fail trying to close it.
+	 */
+	lock->fd = -1;
 
-	/* init revs to list objects for pack-objects later */
-	save_commit_buffer = 0;
-	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *object = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
+		if (object->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			write_or_die(pack_objects.in, "^", 1);
+		write_or_die(pack_objects.in, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1), 40);
+		write_or_die(pack_objects.in, "\n", 1);
+	}
+	close(pack_objects.in);
+	if (finish_command(&pack_objects))
+		return error(_("pack-objects died"));
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	/* write prerequisites */
-	memcpy(argv_boundary + 3, argv + 1, argc * sizeof(const char *));
-	argv_boundary[0] = "rev-list";
-	argv_boundary[1] = "--boundary";
-	argv_boundary[2] = "--pretty=oneline";
-	argv_boundary[argc + 2] = NULL;
-	memset(&rls, 0, sizeof(rls));
-	rls.argv = argv_boundary;
+static int compute_and_write_prerequisites(int bundle_fd,
+					   struct rev_info *revs,
+					   int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct child_process rls = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *rls_fout;
+	int i;
+
+	argv_array_pushl(&rls.args,
+			 "rev-list", "--boundary", "--pretty=oneline",
+			 NULL);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		argv_array_push(&rls.args, argv[i]);
 	rls.out = -1;
 	rls.git_cmd = 1;
 	if (start_command(&rls))
@@ -271,30 +294,38 @@ int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
 		if (buf.len > 0 && buf.buf[0] == '-') {
 			write_or_die(bundle_fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 			if (!get_sha1_hex(buf.buf + 1, sha1)) {
-				struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+				struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, buf.buf);
 				object->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-				add_pending_object(&revs, object, buf.buf);
+				add_pending_object(revs, object, buf.buf);
 			}
 		} else if (!get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1)) {
-			struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
+			struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, buf.buf);
 			object->flags |= SHOWN;
 		}
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	fclose(rls_fout);
 	if (finish_command(&rls))
-		return error("rev-list died");
-
-	/* write references */
-	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
-
-	if (argc > 1)
-		return error("unrecognized argument: %s'", argv[1]);
+		return error(_("rev-list died"));
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	object_array_remove_duplicates(&revs.pending);
+/*
+ * Write out bundle refs based on the tips already
+ * parsed into revs.pending. As a side effect, may
+ * manipulate revs.pending to include additional
+ * necessary objects (like tags).
+ *
+ * Returns the number of refs written, or negative
+ * on error.
+ */
+static int write_bundle_refs(int bundle_fd, struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	int i;
+	int ref_count = 0;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < revs.pending.nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *e = revs.pending.objects + i;
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *e = revs->pending.objects + i;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		char *ref;
 		const char *display_ref;
@@ -303,15 +334,15 @@ int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
 		if (e->item->flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			continue;
 		if (dwim_ref(e->name, strlen(e->name), sha1, &ref) != 1)
-			continue;
-		if (read_ref_full(e->name, sha1, 1, &flag))
+			goto skip_write_ref;
+		if (read_ref_full(e->name, RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, &flag))
 			flag = 0;
 		display_ref = (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) ? e->name : ref;
 
 		if (e->item->type == OBJ_TAG &&
-				!is_tag_in_date_range(e->item, &revs)) {
+				!is_tag_in_date_range(e->item, revs)) {
 			e->item->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-			continue;
+			goto skip_write_ref;
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -324,10 +355,9 @@ int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
 		 * constraints.
 		 */
 		if (!(e->item->flags & SHOWN) && e->item->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
-			warning("ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options",
+			warning(_("ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"),
 				e->name);
-			free(ref);
-			continue;
+			goto skip_write_ref;
 		}
 		/*
 		 * If you run "git bundle create bndl v1.0..v2.0", the
@@ -353,12 +383,11 @@ int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
 				 * end up triggering "empty bundle"
 				 * error.
 				 */
-				obj = parse_object(sha1);
+				obj = parse_object_or_die(sha1, e->name);
 				obj->flags |= SHOWN;
-				add_pending_object(&revs, obj, e->name);
+				add_pending_object(revs, obj, e->name);
 			}
-			free(ref);
-			continue;
+			goto skip_write_ref;
 		}
 
 		ref_count++;
@@ -366,49 +395,62 @@ int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
 		write_or_die(bundle_fd, " ", 1);
 		write_or_die(bundle_fd, display_ref, strlen(display_ref));
 		write_or_die(bundle_fd, "\n", 1);
+ skip_write_ref:
 		free(ref);
 	}
-	if (!ref_count)
-		die ("Refusing to create empty bundle.");
 
 	/* end header */
 	write_or_die(bundle_fd, "\n", 1);
+	return ref_count;
+}
 
-	/* write pack */
-	argv_pack[0] = "pack-objects";
-	argv_pack[1] = "--all-progress-implied";
-	argv_pack[2] = "--stdout";
-	argv_pack[3] = "--thin";
-	argv_pack[4] = "--delta-base-offset";
-	argv_pack[5] = NULL;
-	memset(&rls, 0, sizeof(rls));
-	rls.argv = argv_pack;
-	rls.in = -1;
-	rls.out = bundle_fd;
-	rls.git_cmd = 1;
-	if (start_command(&rls))
-		return error("Could not spawn pack-objects");
+int create_bundle(struct bundle_header *header, const char *path,
+		  int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	static struct lock_file lock;
+	int bundle_fd = -1;
+	int bundle_to_stdout;
+	int ref_count = 0;
+	struct rev_info revs;
 
-	/*
-	 * start_command closed bundle_fd if it was > 1
-	 * so set the lock fd to -1 so commit_lock_file()
-	 * won't fail trying to close it.
-	 */
-	lock.fd = -1;
+	bundle_to_stdout = !strcmp(path, "-");
+	if (bundle_to_stdout)
+		bundle_fd = 1;
+	else
+		bundle_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, path,
+						      LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+
+	/* write signature */
+	write_or_die(bundle_fd, bundle_signature, strlen(bundle_signature));
+
+	/* init revs to list objects for pack-objects later */
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+
+	/* write prerequisites */
+	if (compute_and_write_prerequisites(bundle_fd, &revs, argc, argv))
+		return -1;
+
+	argc = setup_revisions(argc, argv, &revs, NULL);
+
+	if (argc > 1)
+		return error(_("unrecognized argument: %s"), argv[1]);
+
+	object_array_remove_duplicates(&revs.pending);
+
+	ref_count = write_bundle_refs(bundle_fd, &revs);
+	if (!ref_count)
+		die(_("Refusing to create empty bundle."));
+	else if (ref_count < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* write pack */
+	if (write_pack_data(bundle_fd, &lock, &revs))
+		return -1;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < revs.pending.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *object = revs.pending.objects[i].item;
-		if (object->flags & UNINTERESTING)
-			write_or_die(rls.in, "^", 1);
-		write_or_die(rls.in, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1), 40);
-		write_or_die(rls.in, "\n", 1);
-	}
-	close(rls.in);
-	if (finish_command(&rls))
-		return error ("pack-objects died");
 	if (!bundle_to_stdout) {
 		if (commit_lock_file(&lock))
-			die_errno("cannot create '%s'", path);
+			die_errno(_("cannot create '%s'"), path);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -417,19 +459,18 @@ int unbundle(struct bundle_header *header, int bundle_fd, int flags)
 {
 	const char *argv_index_pack[] = {"index-pack",
 					 "--fix-thin", "--stdin", NULL, NULL};
-	struct child_process ip;
+	struct child_process ip = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 	if (flags & BUNDLE_VERBOSE)
 		argv_index_pack[3] = "-v";
 
 	if (verify_bundle(header, 0))
 		return -1;
-	memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
 	ip.argv = argv_index_pack;
 	ip.in = bundle_fd;
 	ip.no_stdout = 1;
 	ip.git_cmd = 1;
 	if (run_command(&ip))
-		return error("index-pack died");
+		return error(_("index-pack died"));
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/cache-tree.c b/cache-tree.c
index 28ed6574a2..32772b9564 100644
--- a/cache-tree.c
+++ b/cache-tree.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "tree-walk.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
@@ -75,11 +76,7 @@ static struct cache_tree_sub *find_subtree(struct cache_tree *it,
 		return NULL;
 
 	pos = -pos-1;
-	if (it->subtree_alloc <= it->subtree_nr) {
-		it->subtree_alloc = alloc_nr(it->subtree_alloc);
-		it->down = xrealloc(it->down, it->subtree_alloc *
-				    sizeof(*it->down));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(it->down, it->subtree_nr + 1, it->subtree_alloc);
 	it->subtree_nr++;
 
 	down = xmalloc(sizeof(*down) + pathlen + 1);
@@ -102,7 +99,7 @@ struct cache_tree_sub *cache_tree_sub(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
 	return find_subtree(it, path, pathlen, 1);
 }
 
-void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
+static int do_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
 {
 	/* a/b/c
 	 * ==> invalidate self
@@ -120,12 +117,12 @@ void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
 #endif
 
 	if (!it)
-		return;
-	slash = strchr(path, '/');
+		return 0;
+	slash = strchrnul(path, '/');
+	namelen = slash - path;
 	it->entry_count = -1;
-	if (!slash) {
+	if (!*slash) {
 		int pos;
-		namelen = strlen(path);
 		pos = subtree_pos(it, path, namelen);
 		if (0 <= pos) {
 			cache_tree_free(&it->down[pos]->cache_tree);
@@ -141,12 +138,18 @@ void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *it, const char *path)
 				(it->subtree_nr - pos - 1));
 			it->subtree_nr--;
 		}
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
-	namelen = slash - path;
 	down = find_subtree(it, path, namelen, 0);
 	if (down)
-		cache_tree_invalidate_path(down->cache_tree, slash + 1);
+		do_invalidate_path(down->cache_tree, slash + 1);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
+{
+	if (do_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, path))
+		istate->cache_changed |= CACHE_TREE_CHANGED;
 }
 
 static int verify_cache(struct cache_entry **cache,
@@ -158,7 +161,7 @@ static int verify_cache(struct cache_entry **cache,
 	/* Verify that the tree is merged */
 	funny = 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
 			if (silent)
 				return -1;
@@ -166,12 +169,8 @@ static int verify_cache(struct cache_entry **cache,
 				fprintf(stderr, "...\n");
 				break;
 			}
-			if (ce_stage(ce))
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
-					ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
-			else
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s: not added yet\n",
-					ce->name);
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: unmerged (%s)\n",
+				ce->name, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1));
 		}
 	}
 	if (funny)
@@ -242,13 +241,20 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 		      int entries,
 		      const char *base,
 		      int baselen,
+		      int *skip_count,
 		      int flags)
 {
 	struct strbuf buffer;
 	int missing_ok = flags & WRITE_TREE_MISSING_OK;
 	int dryrun = flags & WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN;
+	int repair = flags & WRITE_TREE_REPAIR;
+	int to_invalidate = 0;
 	int i;
 
+	assert(!(dryrun && repair));
+
+	*skip_count = 0;
+
 	if (0 <= it->entry_count && has_sha1_file(it->sha1))
 		return it->entry_count;
 
@@ -263,11 +269,12 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	/*
 	 * Find the subtrees and update them.
 	 */
-	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < entries) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 		const char *path, *slash;
-		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt;
+		int pathlen, sublen, subcnt, subskip;
 
 		path = ce->name;
 		pathlen = ce_namelen(ce);
@@ -275,8 +282,10 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 			break; /* at the end of this level */
 
 		slash = strchr(path + baselen, '/');
-		if (!slash)
+		if (!slash) {
+			i++;
 			continue;
+		}
 		/*
 		 * a/bbb/c (base = a/, slash = /c)
 		 * ==>
@@ -290,10 +299,15 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 				    cache + i, entries - i,
 				    path,
 				    baselen + sublen + 1,
+				    &subskip,
 				    flags);
 		if (subcnt < 0)
 			return subcnt;
-		i += subcnt - 1;
+		if (!subcnt)
+			die("index cache-tree records empty sub-tree");
+		i += subcnt;
+		sub->count = subcnt; /* to be used in the next loop */
+		*skip_count += subskip;
 		sub->used = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -304,13 +318,15 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	 */
 	strbuf_init(&buffer, 8192);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
+	i = 0;
+	while (i < entries) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 		const char *path, *slash;
 		int pathlen, entlen;
 		const unsigned char *sha1;
 		unsigned mode;
+		int expected_missing = 0;
 
 		path = ce->name;
 		pathlen = ce_namelen(ce);
@@ -324,23 +340,47 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 			if (!sub)
 				die("cache-tree.c: '%.*s' in '%s' not found",
 				    entlen, path + baselen, path);
-			i += sub->cache_tree->entry_count - 1;
+			i += sub->count;
 			sha1 = sub->cache_tree->sha1;
 			mode = S_IFDIR;
+			if (sub->cache_tree->entry_count < 0) {
+				to_invalidate = 1;
+				expected_missing = 1;
+			}
 		}
 		else {
 			sha1 = ce->sha1;
 			mode = ce->ce_mode;
 			entlen = pathlen - baselen;
+			i++;
 		}
 		if (mode != S_IFGITLINK && !missing_ok && !has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
 			strbuf_release(&buffer);
+			if (expected_missing)
+				return -1;
 			return error("invalid object %06o %s for '%.*s'",
 				mode, sha1_to_hex(sha1), entlen+baselen, path);
 		}
 
-		if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_REMOVE | CE_INTENT_TO_ADD))
-			continue; /* entry being removed or placeholder */
+		/*
+		 * CE_REMOVE entries are removed before the index is
+		 * written to disk. Skip them to remain consistent
+		 * with the future on-disk index.
+		 */
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) {
+			*skip_count = *skip_count + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * CE_INTENT_TO_ADD entries exist on on-disk index but
+		 * they are not part of generated trees. Invalidate up
+		 * to root to force cache-tree users to read elsewhere.
+		 */
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_INTENT_TO_ADD) {
+			to_invalidate = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		strbuf_grow(&buffer, entlen + 100);
 		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%o %.*s%c", mode, entlen, path + baselen, '\0');
@@ -352,7 +392,14 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 #endif
 	}
 
-	if (dryrun)
+	if (repair) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		hash_sha1_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, tree_type, sha1);
+		if (has_sha1_file(sha1))
+			hashcpy(it->sha1, sha1);
+		else
+			to_invalidate = 1;
+	} else if (dryrun)
 		hash_sha1_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, tree_type, it->sha1);
 	else if (write_sha1_file(buffer.buf, buffer.len, tree_type, it->sha1)) {
 		strbuf_release(&buffer);
@@ -360,7 +407,7 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&buffer);
-	it->entry_count = i;
+	it->entry_count = to_invalidate ? -1 : i - *skip_count;
 #if DEBUG
 	fprintf(stderr, "cache-tree update-one (%d ent, %d subtree) %s\n",
 		it->entry_count, it->subtree_nr,
@@ -369,18 +416,19 @@ static int update_one(struct cache_tree *it,
 	return i;
 }
 
-int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *it,
-		      struct cache_entry **cache,
-		      int entries,
-		      int flags)
+int cache_tree_update(struct index_state *istate, int flags)
 {
-	int i;
-	i = verify_cache(cache, entries, flags);
+	struct cache_tree *it = istate->cache_tree;
+	struct cache_entry **cache = istate->cache;
+	int entries = istate->cache_nr;
+	int skip, i = verify_cache(cache, entries, flags);
+
 	if (i)
 		return i;
-	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, flags);
+	i = update_one(it, cache, entries, "", 0, &skip, flags);
 	if (i < 0)
 		return i;
+	istate->cache_changed |= CACHE_TREE_CHANGED;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -527,22 +575,19 @@ static struct cache_tree *cache_tree_find(struct cache_tree *it, const char *pat
 		const char *slash;
 		struct cache_tree_sub *sub;
 
-		slash = strchr(path, '/');
-		if (!slash)
-			slash = path + strlen(path);
-		/* between path and slash is the name of the
-		 * subtree to look for.
+		slash = strchrnul(path, '/');
+		/*
+		 * Between path and slash is the name of the subtree
+		 * to look for.
 		 */
 		sub = find_subtree(it, path, slash - path, 0);
 		if (!sub)
 			return NULL;
 		it = sub->cache_tree;
-		if (slash)
-			while (*slash && *slash == '/')
-				slash++;
-		if (!slash || !*slash)
-			return it; /* prefix ended with slashes */
+
 		path = slash;
+		while (*path == '/')
+			path++;
 	}
 	return it;
 }
@@ -571,13 +616,10 @@ int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix)
 
 	was_valid = cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree);
 	if (!was_valid) {
-		if (cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
-				      active_cache, active_nr,
-				      flags) < 0)
+		if (cache_tree_update(&the_index, flags) < 0)
 			return WRITE_TREE_UNMERGED_INDEX;
 		if (0 <= newfd) {
-			if (!write_cache(newfd, active_cache, active_nr) &&
-			    !commit_lock_file(lock_file))
+			if (!write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
 				newfd = -1;
 		}
 		/* Not being able to write is fine -- we are only interested
@@ -630,11 +672,12 @@ static void prime_cache_tree_rec(struct cache_tree *it, struct tree *tree)
 	it->entry_count = cnt;
 }
 
-void prime_cache_tree(struct cache_tree **it, struct tree *tree)
+void prime_cache_tree(struct index_state *istate, struct tree *tree)
 {
-	cache_tree_free(it);
-	*it = cache_tree();
-	prime_cache_tree_rec(*it, tree);
+	cache_tree_free(&istate->cache_tree);
+	istate->cache_tree = cache_tree();
+	prime_cache_tree_rec(istate->cache_tree, tree);
+	istate->cache_changed |= CACHE_TREE_CHANGED;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -673,6 +716,5 @@ int update_main_cache_tree(int flags)
 {
 	if (!the_index.cache_tree)
 		the_index.cache_tree = cache_tree();
-	return cache_tree_update(the_index.cache_tree,
-				 the_index.cache, the_index.cache_nr, flags);
+	return cache_tree_update(&the_index, flags);
 }
diff --git a/cache-tree.h b/cache-tree.h
index d8cb2e9e39..aa7b3e4a0a 100644
--- a/cache-tree.h
+++ b/cache-tree.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 struct cache_tree;
 struct cache_tree_sub {
 	struct cache_tree *cache_tree;
+	int count;		/* internally used by update_one() */
 	int namelen;
 	int used;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
@@ -22,14 +23,14 @@ struct cache_tree {
 
 struct cache_tree *cache_tree(void);
 void cache_tree_free(struct cache_tree **);
-void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct cache_tree *, const char *);
+void cache_tree_invalidate_path(struct index_state *, const char *);
 struct cache_tree_sub *cache_tree_sub(struct cache_tree *, const char *);
 
 void cache_tree_write(struct strbuf *, struct cache_tree *root);
 struct cache_tree *cache_tree_read(const char *buffer, unsigned long size);
 
 int cache_tree_fully_valid(struct cache_tree *);
-int cache_tree_update(struct cache_tree *, struct cache_entry **, int, int);
+int cache_tree_update(struct index_state *, int);
 
 int update_main_cache_tree(int);
 
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ int update_main_cache_tree(int);
 #define WRITE_TREE_IGNORE_CACHE_TREE 2
 #define WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN 4
 #define WRITE_TREE_SILENT 8
+#define WRITE_TREE_REPAIR 16
 
 /* error return codes */
 #define WRITE_TREE_UNREADABLE_INDEX (-1)
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ int update_main_cache_tree(int);
 #define WRITE_TREE_PREFIX_ERROR (-3)
 
 int write_cache_as_tree(unsigned char *sha1, int flags, const char *prefix);
-void prime_cache_tree(struct cache_tree **, struct tree *);
+void prime_cache_tree(struct index_state *, struct tree *);
 
 extern int cache_tree_matches_traversal(struct cache_tree *, struct name_entry *ent, struct traverse_info *info);
 
diff --git a/cache.h b/cache.h
index e12b15f4b9..3d3244ba64 100644
--- a/cache.h
+++ b/cache.h
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
-#include "hash.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
 #include "advice.h"
 #include "gettext.h"
 #include "convert.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 #include SHA1_HEADER
 #ifndef git_SHA_CTX
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ int git_inflate(git_zstream *, int flush);
 
 void git_deflate_init(git_zstream *, int level);
 void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *, int level);
+void git_deflate_init_raw(git_zstream *, int level);
 void git_deflate_end(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate_abort(git_zstream *);
 int git_deflate_end_gently(git_zstream *);
@@ -62,18 +65,26 @@ unsigned long git_deflate_bound(git_zstream *, unsigned long);
  *
  * The value 0160000 is not normally a valid mode, and
  * also just happens to be S_IFDIR + S_IFLNK
- *
- * NOTE! We *really* shouldn't depend on the S_IFxxx macros
- * always having the same values everywhere. We should use
- * our internal git values for these things, and then we can
- * translate that to the OS-specific value. It just so
- * happens that everybody shares the same bit representation
- * in the UNIX world (and apparently wider too..)
  */
 #define S_IFGITLINK	0160000
 #define S_ISGITLINK(m)	(((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFGITLINK)
 
 /*
+ * Some mode bits are also used internally for computations.
+ *
+ * They *must* not overlap with any valid modes, and they *must* not be emitted
+ * to outside world - i.e. appear on disk or network. In other words, it's just
+ * temporary fields, which we internally use, but they have to stay in-house.
+ *
+ * ( such approach is valid, as standard S_IF* fits into 16 bits, and in Git
+ *   codebase mode is `unsigned int` which is assumed to be at least 32 bits )
+ */
+
+/* used internally in tree-diff */
+#define S_DIFFTREE_IFXMIN_NEQ	0x80000000
+
+
+/*
  * Intensive research over the course of many years has shown that
  * port 9418 is totally unused by anything else. Or
  *
@@ -100,87 +111,52 @@ unsigned long git_deflate_bound(git_zstream *, unsigned long);
 
 #define CACHE_SIGNATURE 0x44495243	/* "DIRC" */
 struct cache_header {
-	unsigned int hdr_signature;
-	unsigned int hdr_version;
-	unsigned int hdr_entries;
+	uint32_t hdr_signature;
+	uint32_t hdr_version;
+	uint32_t hdr_entries;
 };
 
+#define INDEX_FORMAT_LB 2
+#define INDEX_FORMAT_UB 4
+
 /*
  * The "cache_time" is just the low 32 bits of the
  * time. It doesn't matter if it overflows - we only
  * check it for equality in the 32 bits we save.
  */
 struct cache_time {
-	unsigned int sec;
-	unsigned int nsec;
+	uint32_t sec;
+	uint32_t nsec;
 };
 
-/*
- * dev/ino/uid/gid/size are also just tracked to the low 32 bits
- * Again - this is just a (very strong in practice) heuristic that
- * the inode hasn't changed.
- *
- * We save the fields in big-endian order to allow using the
- * index file over NFS transparently.
- */
-struct ondisk_cache_entry {
-	struct cache_time ctime;
-	struct cache_time mtime;
-	unsigned int dev;
-	unsigned int ino;
-	unsigned int mode;
-	unsigned int uid;
-	unsigned int gid;
-	unsigned int size;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned short flags;
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
-};
-
-/*
- * This struct is used when CE_EXTENDED bit is 1
- * The struct must match ondisk_cache_entry exactly from
- * ctime till flags
- */
-struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended {
-	struct cache_time ctime;
-	struct cache_time mtime;
-	unsigned int dev;
-	unsigned int ino;
-	unsigned int mode;
-	unsigned int uid;
-	unsigned int gid;
-	unsigned int size;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned short flags;
-	unsigned short flags2;
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+struct stat_data {
+	struct cache_time sd_ctime;
+	struct cache_time sd_mtime;
+	unsigned int sd_dev;
+	unsigned int sd_ino;
+	unsigned int sd_uid;
+	unsigned int sd_gid;
+	unsigned int sd_size;
 };
 
 struct cache_entry {
-	struct cache_time ce_ctime;
-	struct cache_time ce_mtime;
-	unsigned int ce_dev;
-	unsigned int ce_ino;
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	struct stat_data ce_stat_data;
 	unsigned int ce_mode;
-	unsigned int ce_uid;
-	unsigned int ce_gid;
-	unsigned int ce_size;
 	unsigned int ce_flags;
+	unsigned int ce_namelen;
+	unsigned int index;	/* for link extension */
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	struct cache_entry *next;
-	struct cache_entry *dir_next;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
-#define CE_NAMEMASK  (0x0fff)
 #define CE_STAGEMASK (0x3000)
 #define CE_EXTENDED  (0x4000)
 #define CE_VALID     (0x8000)
 #define CE_STAGESHIFT 12
 
 /*
- * Range 0xFFFF0000 in ce_flags is divided into
+ * Range 0xFFFF0FFF in ce_flags is divided into
  * two parts: in-memory flags and on-disk ones.
  * Flags in CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS will get saved on-disk
  * if you want to save a new flag, add it in
@@ -194,13 +170,18 @@ struct cache_entry {
 #define CE_ADDED             (1 << 19)
 
 #define CE_HASHED            (1 << 20)
-#define CE_UNHASHED          (1 << 21)
 #define CE_WT_REMOVE         (1 << 22) /* remove in work directory */
 #define CE_CONFLICTED        (1 << 23)
 
 #define CE_UNPACKED          (1 << 24)
 #define CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE (1 << 25)
 
+/* used to temporarily mark paths matched by pathspecs */
+#define CE_MATCHED           (1 << 26)
+
+#define CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE    (1 << 27)
+#define CE_STRIP_NAME        (1 << 28)
+
 /*
  * Extended on-disk flags
  */
@@ -221,41 +202,33 @@ struct cache_entry {
 #error "CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS out of range"
 #endif
 
+struct pathspec;
+
 /*
  * Copy the sha1 and stat state of a cache entry from one to
  * another. But we never change the name, or the hash state!
  */
-#define CE_STATE_MASK (CE_HASHED | CE_UNHASHED)
-static inline void copy_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *dst, struct cache_entry *src)
+static inline void copy_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *dst,
+				    const struct cache_entry *src)
 {
-	unsigned int state = dst->ce_flags & CE_STATE_MASK;
+	unsigned int state = dst->ce_flags & CE_HASHED;
 
 	/* Don't copy hash chain and name */
-	memcpy(dst, src, offsetof(struct cache_entry, next));
+	memcpy(&dst->ce_stat_data, &src->ce_stat_data,
+			offsetof(struct cache_entry, name) -
+			offsetof(struct cache_entry, ce_stat_data));
 
 	/* Restore the hash state */
-	dst->ce_flags = (dst->ce_flags & ~CE_STATE_MASK) | state;
+	dst->ce_flags = (dst->ce_flags & ~CE_HASHED) | state;
 }
 
-static inline unsigned create_ce_flags(size_t len, unsigned stage)
+static inline unsigned create_ce_flags(unsigned stage)
 {
-	if (len >= CE_NAMEMASK)
-		len = CE_NAMEMASK;
-	return (len | (stage << CE_STAGESHIFT));
-}
-
-static inline size_t ce_namelen(const struct cache_entry *ce)
-{
-	size_t len = ce->ce_flags & CE_NAMEMASK;
-	if (len < CE_NAMEMASK)
-		return len;
-	return strlen(ce->name + CE_NAMEMASK) + CE_NAMEMASK;
+	return (stage << CE_STAGESHIFT);
 }
 
+#define ce_namelen(ce) ((ce)->ce_namelen)
 #define ce_size(ce) cache_entry_size(ce_namelen(ce))
-#define ondisk_ce_size(ce) (((ce)->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED) ? \
-			    ondisk_cache_entry_extended_size(ce_namelen(ce)) : \
-			    ondisk_cache_entry_size(ce_namelen(ce)))
 #define ce_stage(ce) ((CE_STAGEMASK & (ce)->ce_flags) >> CE_STAGESHIFT)
 #define ce_uptodate(ce) ((ce)->ce_flags & CE_UPTODATE)
 #define ce_skip_worktree(ce) ((ce)->ce_flags & CE_SKIP_WORKTREE)
@@ -270,7 +243,8 @@ static inline unsigned int create_ce_mode(unsigned int mode)
 		return S_IFGITLINK;
 	return S_IFREG | ce_permissions(mode);
 }
-static inline unsigned int ce_mode_from_stat(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned int mode)
+static inline unsigned int ce_mode_from_stat(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+					     unsigned int mode)
 {
 	extern int trust_executable_bit, has_symlinks;
 	if (!has_symlinks && S_ISREG(mode) &&
@@ -306,39 +280,38 @@ static inline unsigned int canon_mode(unsigned int mode)
 	return S_IFGITLINK;
 }
 
-#define flexible_size(STRUCT,len) ((offsetof(struct STRUCT,name) + (len) + 8) & ~7)
 #define cache_entry_size(len) (offsetof(struct cache_entry,name) + (len) + 1)
-#define ondisk_cache_entry_size(len) flexible_size(ondisk_cache_entry,len)
-#define ondisk_cache_entry_extended_size(len) flexible_size(ondisk_cache_entry_extended,len)
 
+#define SOMETHING_CHANGED	(1 << 0) /* unclassified changes go here */
+#define CE_ENTRY_CHANGED	(1 << 1)
+#define CE_ENTRY_REMOVED	(1 << 2)
+#define CE_ENTRY_ADDED		(1 << 3)
+#define RESOLVE_UNDO_CHANGED	(1 << 4)
+#define CACHE_TREE_CHANGED	(1 << 5)
+#define SPLIT_INDEX_ORDERED	(1 << 6)
+
+struct split_index;
 struct index_state {
 	struct cache_entry **cache;
+	unsigned int version;
 	unsigned int cache_nr, cache_alloc, cache_changed;
 	struct string_list *resolve_undo;
 	struct cache_tree *cache_tree;
+	struct split_index *split_index;
 	struct cache_time timestamp;
 	unsigned name_hash_initialized : 1,
 		 initialized : 1;
-	struct hash_table name_hash;
+	struct hashmap name_hash;
+	struct hashmap dir_hash;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 };
 
 extern struct index_state the_index;
 
 /* Name hashing */
 extern void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
-/*
- * We don't actually *remove* it, we can just mark it invalid so that
- * we won't find it in lookups.
- *
- * Not only would we have to search the lists (simple enough), but
- * we'd also have to rehash other hash buckets in case this makes the
- * hash bucket empty (common). So it's much better to just mark
- * it.
- */
-static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
-{
-	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UNHASHED;
-}
+extern void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
+extern void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate);
 
 
 #ifndef NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
@@ -353,7 +326,6 @@ static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
 #define read_cache_preload(pathspec) read_index_preload(&the_index, (pathspec))
 #define is_cache_unborn() is_index_unborn(&the_index)
 #define read_cache_unmerged() read_index_unmerged(&the_index)
-#define write_cache(newfd, cache, entries) write_index(&the_index, (newfd))
 #define discard_cache() discard_index(&the_index)
 #define unmerged_cache() unmerged_index(&the_index)
 #define cache_name_pos(name, namelen) index_name_pos(&the_index,(name),(namelen))
@@ -366,11 +338,13 @@ static inline void remove_name_hash(struct cache_entry *ce)
 #define refresh_cache(flags) refresh_index(&the_index, (flags), NULL, NULL, NULL)
 #define ce_match_stat(ce, st, options) ie_match_stat(&the_index, (ce), (st), (options))
 #define ce_modified(ce, st, options) ie_modified(&the_index, (ce), (st), (options))
-#define cache_name_exists(name, namelen, igncase) index_name_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen), (igncase))
+#define cache_dir_exists(name, namelen) index_dir_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen))
+#define cache_file_exists(name, namelen, igncase) index_file_exists(&the_index, (name), (namelen), (igncase))
 #define cache_name_is_other(name, namelen) index_name_is_other(&the_index, (name), (namelen))
 #define resolve_undo_clear() resolve_undo_clear_index(&the_index)
 #define unmerge_cache_entry_at(at) unmerge_index_entry_at(&the_index, at)
 #define unmerge_cache(pathspec) unmerge_index(&the_index, pathspec)
+#define read_blob_data_from_cache(path, sz) read_blob_data_from_index(&the_index, (path), (sz))
 #endif
 
 enum object_type {
@@ -394,13 +368,16 @@ static inline enum object_type object_type(unsigned int mode)
 		OBJ_BLOB;
 }
 
+/* Double-check local_repo_env below if you add to this list. */
 #define GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_DIR"
 #define GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NAMESPACE"
 #define GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_WORK_TREE"
+#define GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_PREFIX"
 #define DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT ".git"
 #define DB_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY"
 #define INDEX_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_INDEX_FILE"
 #define GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_GRAFT_FILE"
+#define GIT_SHALLOW_FILE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_SHALLOW_FILE"
 #define TEMPLATE_DIR_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR"
 #define CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_CONFIG"
 #define CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS"
@@ -415,22 +392,36 @@ static inline enum object_type object_type(unsigned int mode)
 #define GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF"
 #define GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE"
+#define GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS"
+#define GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS"
+
+/*
+ * This environment variable is expected to contain a boolean indicating
+ * whether we should or should not treat:
+ *
+ *   GIT_DIR=foo.git git ...
+ *
+ * as if GIT_WORK_TREE=. was given. It's not expected that users will make use
+ * of this, but we use it internally to communicate to sub-processes that we
+ * are in a bare repo. If not set, defaults to true.
+ */
+#define GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT "GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE"
 
 /*
- * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables
- * The array is NULL-terminated to simplify its usage in contexts such
- * environment creation or simple walk of the list.
- * The number of non-NULL entries is available as a macro.
+ * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables; these will be cleared
+ * when git spawns a sub-process that runs inside another repository.
+ * The array is NULL-terminated, which makes it easy to pass in the "env"
+ * parameter of a run-command invocation, or to do a simple walk.
  */
-#define LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE 9
-extern const char *const local_repo_env[LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE + 1];
+extern const char * const local_repo_env[];
 
 extern int is_bare_repository_cfg;
 extern int is_bare_repository(void);
 extern int is_inside_git_dir(void);
 extern char *git_work_tree_cfg;
 extern int is_inside_work_tree(void);
-extern int have_git_dir(void);
 extern const char *get_git_dir(void);
 extern int is_git_directory(const char *path);
 extern char *get_object_directory(void);
@@ -451,16 +442,23 @@ extern void setup_work_tree(void);
 extern const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *);
 extern const char *setup_git_directory(void);
 extern char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
+extern char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len, int *remaining, const char *path);
 extern const char *prefix_filename(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path);
 extern int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
-extern void verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
+extern void verify_filename(const char *prefix,
+			    const char *name,
+			    int diagnose_misspelt_rev);
 extern void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *name);
+extern int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path);
 
 #define INIT_DB_QUIET 0x0001
 
 extern int set_git_dir_init(const char *git_dir, const char *real_git_dir, int);
 extern int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags);
 
+extern void sanitize_stdfds(void);
+extern int daemonize(void);
+
 #define alloc_nr(x) (((x)+16)*3/2)
 
 /*
@@ -477,27 +475,34 @@ extern int init_db(const char *template_dir, unsigned int flags);
 				alloc = (nr); \
 			else \
 				alloc = alloc_nr(alloc); \
-			x = xrealloc((x), alloc * sizeof(*(x))); \
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(x, alloc); \
 		} \
 	} while (0)
 
 /* Initialize and use the cache information */
+struct lock_file;
 extern int read_index(struct index_state *);
-extern int read_index_preload(struct index_state *, const char **pathspec);
+extern int read_index_preload(struct index_state *, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern int do_read_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path,
+			 int must_exist); /* for testting only! */
 extern int read_index_from(struct index_state *, const char *path);
 extern int is_index_unborn(struct index_state *);
 extern int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *);
-extern int write_index(struct index_state *, int newfd);
+#define COMMIT_LOCK		(1 << 0)
+#define CLOSE_LOCK		(1 << 1)
+extern int write_locked_index(struct index_state *, struct lock_file *lock, unsigned flags);
 extern int discard_index(struct index_state *);
 extern int unmerged_index(const struct index_state *);
 extern int verify_path(const char *path);
-extern struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int igncase);
+extern struct cache_entry *index_dir_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen);
+extern struct cache_entry *index_file_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int igncase);
 extern int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *, const char *name, int namelen);
 #define ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD 1		/* Ok to add */
 #define ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE 2	/* Ok to replace file/directory */
 #define ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK 4	/* Ok to skip DF conflict checks */
 #define ADD_CACHE_JUST_APPEND 8		/* Append only; tree.c::read_tree() */
 #define ADD_CACHE_NEW_ONLY 16		/* Do not replace existing ones */
+#define ADD_CACHE_KEEP_CACHE_TREE 32	/* Do not invalidate cache-tree */
 extern int add_index_entry(struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *ce, int option);
 extern void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int pos, const char *new_name);
 extern int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int pos);
@@ -510,9 +515,11 @@ extern int remove_file_from_index(struct index_state *, const char *path);
 #define ADD_CACHE_INTENT 16
 extern int add_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, struct stat *, int flags);
 extern int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *, const char *path, int flags);
-extern struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage, int refresh);
-extern int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b);
+extern struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage, unsigned int refresh_options);
+extern int ce_same_name(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b);
+extern void set_object_name_for_intent_to_add_entry(struct cache_entry *ce);
 extern int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *, const char *, int);
+extern void *read_blob_data_from_index(struct index_state *, const char *, unsigned long *);
 
 /* do stat comparison even if CE_VALID is true */
 #define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID		01
@@ -520,30 +527,32 @@ extern int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *, const char *, int);
 #define CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY		02
 /* do stat comparison even if CE_SKIP_WORKTREE is true */
 #define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE	04
-extern int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
-extern int ie_modified(const struct index_state *, struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
-
-struct pathspec {
-	const char **raw; /* get_pathspec() result, not freed by free_pathspec() */
-	int nr;
-	unsigned int has_wildcard:1;
-	unsigned int recursive:1;
-	int max_depth;
-	struct pathspec_item {
-		const char *match;
-		int len;
-		unsigned int use_wildcard:1;
-	} *items;
-};
-
-extern int init_pathspec(struct pathspec *, const char **);
-extern void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *);
-extern int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+/* ignore non-existent files during stat update  */
+#define CE_MATCH_IGNORE_MISSING		0x08
+/* enable stat refresh */
+#define CE_MATCH_REFRESH		0x10
+extern int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *, const struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
+extern int ie_modified(const struct index_state *, const struct cache_entry *, struct stat *, unsigned int);
 
 #define HASH_WRITE_OBJECT 1
 #define HASH_FORMAT_CHECK 2
 extern int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st, enum object_type type, const char *path, unsigned flags);
 extern int index_path(unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, struct stat *st, unsigned flags);
+
+/*
+ * Record to sd the data from st that we use to check whether a file
+ * might have changed.
+ */
+extern void fill_stat_data(struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st);
+
+/*
+ * Return 0 if st is consistent with a file not having been changed
+ * since sd was filled.  If there are differences, return a
+ * combination of MTIME_CHANGED, CTIME_CHANGED, OWNER_CHANGED,
+ * INODE_CHANGED, and DATA_CHANGED.
+ */
+extern int match_stat_data(const struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st);
+
 extern void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st);
 
 #define REFRESH_REALLY		0x0001	/* ignore_valid */
@@ -552,34 +561,19 @@ extern void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st);
 #define REFRESH_IGNORE_MISSING	0x0008	/* ignore non-existent */
 #define REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES	0x0010	/* ignore submodules */
 #define REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN	0x0020	/* user friendly output, not "needs update" */
-extern int refresh_index(struct index_state *, unsigned int flags, const char **pathspec, char *seen, const char *header_msg);
-
-struct lock_file {
-	struct lock_file *next;
-	int fd;
-	pid_t owner;
-	char on_list;
-	char filename[PATH_MAX];
-};
-#define LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR 1
-#define LOCK_NODEREF 2
-extern int unable_to_lock_error(const char *path, int err);
-extern NORETURN void unable_to_lock_index_die(const char *path, int err);
-extern int hold_lock_file_for_update(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int);
-extern int hold_lock_file_for_append(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int);
-extern int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
+extern int refresh_index(struct index_state *, unsigned int flags, const struct pathspec *pathspec, char *seen, const char *header_msg);
+
 extern void update_index_if_able(struct index_state *, struct lock_file *);
 
 extern int hold_locked_index(struct lock_file *, int);
-extern int commit_locked_index(struct lock_file *);
 extern void set_alternate_index_output(const char *);
-extern int close_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
-extern void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
-extern int delete_ref(const char *, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt);
+
+extern int delete_ref(const char *, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags);
 
 /* Environment bits from configuration mechanism */
 extern int trust_executable_bit;
 extern int trust_ctime;
+extern int check_stat;
 extern int quote_path_fully;
 extern int has_symlinks;
 extern int minimum_abbrev, default_abbrev;
@@ -588,6 +582,7 @@ extern int assume_unchanged;
 extern int prefer_symlink_refs;
 extern int log_all_ref_updates;
 extern int warn_ambiguous_refs;
+extern int warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
 extern int shared_repository;
 extern const char *apply_default_whitespace;
 extern const char *apply_default_ignorewhitespace;
@@ -600,10 +595,38 @@ extern size_t packed_git_limit;
 extern size_t delta_base_cache_limit;
 extern unsigned long big_file_threshold;
 extern unsigned long pack_size_limit_cfg;
-extern int read_replace_refs;
+
+/*
+ * Do replace refs need to be checked this run?  This variable is
+ * initialized to true unless --no-replace-object is used or
+ * $GIT_NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS is set, but is set to false by some
+ * commands that do not want replace references to be active.  As an
+ * optimization it is also set to false if replace references have
+ * been sought but there were none.
+ */
+extern int check_replace_refs;
+
 extern int fsync_object_files;
 extern int core_preload_index;
 extern int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
+extern int precomposed_unicode;
+extern int protect_hfs;
+extern int protect_ntfs;
+
+/*
+ * Include broken refs in all ref iterations, which will
+ * generally choke dangerous operations rather than letting
+ * them silently proceed without taking the broken ref into
+ * account.
+ */
+extern int ref_paranoia;
+
+/*
+ * The character that begins a commented line in user-editable file
+ * that is subject to stripspace.
+ */
+extern char comment_line_char;
+extern int auto_comment_line_char;
 
 enum branch_track {
 	BRANCH_TRACK_UNSPECIFIED = -1,
@@ -624,8 +647,10 @@ enum rebase_setup_type {
 enum push_default_type {
 	PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING = 0,
 	PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING,
+	PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE,
 	PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM,
-	PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT
+	PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT,
+	PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED
 };
 
 extern enum branch_track git_branch_track;
@@ -661,6 +686,8 @@ extern char *git_snpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)));
 extern char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
+extern char *mkpathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
+	__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
 /* Return a statically allocated filename matching the sha1 signature */
 extern char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
@@ -668,9 +695,28 @@ extern char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)
 extern char *git_path_submodule(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
 	__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 
-extern char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
+/*
+ * Return the name of the file in the local object database that would
+ * be used to store a loose object with the specified sha1.  The
+ * return value is a pointer to a statically allocated buffer that is
+ * overwritten each time the function is called.
+ */
+extern const char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Return the name of the (local) packfile with the specified sha1 in
+ * its name.  The return value is a pointer to memory that is
+ * overwritten each time this function is called.
+ */
 extern char *sha1_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Return the name of the (local) pack index file with the specified
+ * sha1 in its name.  The return value is a pointer to memory that is
+ * overwritten each time this function is called.
+ */
 extern char *sha1_pack_index_name(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
 extern const char *find_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int);
 extern const unsigned char null_sha1[20];
 
@@ -708,6 +754,19 @@ static inline void hashclr(unsigned char *hash)
 #define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN \
 	 ((const unsigned char *) EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL)
 
+#define EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_HEX \
+	"e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391"
+#define EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL \
+	"\xe6\x9d\xe2\x9b\xb2\xd1\xd6\x43\x4b\x8b" \
+	"\x29\xae\x77\x5a\xd8\xc2\xe4\x8c\x53\x91"
+#define EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN \
+	((const unsigned char *) EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL)
+
+static inline int is_empty_blob_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return !hashcmp(sha1, EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN);
+}
+
 int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t n, const char *template);
 
 int git_mkstemps(char *path, size_t n, const char *template, int suffix_len);
@@ -732,11 +791,32 @@ enum sharedrepo {
 	PERM_EVERYBODY      = 0664
 };
 int git_config_perm(const char *var, const char *value);
-int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode);
-#define adjust_shared_perm(path) set_shared_perm((path), 0)
-int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path);
-int safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path);
+int adjust_shared_perm(const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Create the directory containing the named path, using care to be
+ * somewhat safe against races.  Return one of the scld_error values
+ * to indicate success/failure.
+ *
+ * SCLD_VANISHED indicates that one of the ancestor directories of the
+ * path existed at one point during the function call and then
+ * suddenly vanished, probably because another process pruned the
+ * directory while we were working.  To be robust against this kind of
+ * race, callers might want to try invoking the function again when it
+ * returns SCLD_VANISHED.
+ */
+enum scld_error {
+	SCLD_OK = 0,
+	SCLD_FAILED = -1,
+	SCLD_PERMS = -2,
+	SCLD_EXISTS = -3,
+	SCLD_VANISHED = -4
+};
+enum scld_error safe_create_leading_directories(char *path);
+enum scld_error safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path);
+
 int mkdir_in_gitdir(const char *path);
+extern void home_config_paths(char **global, char **xdg, char *file);
 extern char *expand_user_path(const char *path);
 const char *enter_repo(const char *path, int strict);
 static inline int is_absolute_path(const char *path)
@@ -745,35 +825,58 @@ static inline int is_absolute_path(const char *path)
 }
 int is_directory(const char *);
 const char *real_path(const char *path);
+const char *real_path_if_valid(const char *path);
 const char *absolute_path(const char *path);
-const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base);
+const char *remove_leading_path(const char *in, const char *prefix);
+const char *relative_path(const char *in, const char *prefix, struct strbuf *sb);
+int normalize_path_copy_len(char *dst, const char *src, int *prefix_len);
 int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src);
-int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list);
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, struct string_list *prefixes);
 char *strip_path_suffix(const char *path, const char *suffix);
 int daemon_avoid_alias(const char *path);
-int offset_1st_component(const char *path);
+extern int is_ntfs_dotgit(const char *name);
 
 /* object replacement */
-#define READ_SHA1_FILE_REPLACE 1
+#define LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT 1
 extern void *read_sha1_file_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size, unsigned flag);
 static inline void *read_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *size)
 {
-	return read_sha1_file_extended(sha1, type, size, READ_SHA1_FILE_REPLACE);
+	return read_sha1_file_extended(sha1, type, size, LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT);
 }
+
+/*
+ * This internal function is only declared here for the benefit of
+ * lookup_replace_object().  Please do not call it directly.
+ */
 extern const unsigned char *do_lookup_replace_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * If object sha1 should be replaced, return the replacement object's
+ * name (replaced recursively, if necessary).  The return value is
+ * either sha1 or a pointer to a permanently-allocated value.  When
+ * object replacement is suppressed, always return sha1.
+ */
 static inline const unsigned char *lookup_replace_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	if (!read_replace_refs)
+	if (!check_replace_refs)
 		return sha1;
 	return do_lookup_replace_object(sha1);
 }
 
+static inline const unsigned char *lookup_replace_object_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned flag)
+{
+	if (!(flag & LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT))
+		return sha1;
+	return lookup_replace_object(sha1);
+}
+
 /* Read and unpack a sha1 file into memory, write memory to a sha1 file */
 extern int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *, unsigned long *);
 extern int hash_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int write_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *return_sha1);
 extern int pretend_sha1_file(void *, unsigned long, enum object_type, unsigned char *);
 extern int force_object_loose(const unsigned char *sha1, time_t mtime);
+extern int git_open_noatime(const char *name);
 extern void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size);
 extern int unpack_sha1_header(git_zstream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned long mapsize, void *buffer, unsigned long bufsiz);
 extern int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep);
@@ -781,15 +884,24 @@ extern int parse_sha1_header(const char *hdr, unsigned long *sizep);
 /* global flag to enable extra checks when accessing packed objects */
 extern int do_check_packed_object_crc;
 
-/* for development: log offset of pack access */
-extern const char *log_pack_access;
-
 extern int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, unsigned long size, const char *type);
 
 extern int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename);
 
 extern int has_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff we have an object named sha1, whether local or in
+ * an alternate object database, and whether packed or loose.  This
+ * function does not respect replace references.
+ */
 extern int has_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1);
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff an alternate object database has a loose object
+ * with the specified name.  This function does not respect replace
+ * references.
+ */
 extern int has_loose_object_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
 extern int has_pack_index(const unsigned char *sha1);
@@ -812,17 +924,25 @@ struct object_context {
 	unsigned mode;
 };
 
+#define GET_SHA1_QUIETLY        01
+#define GET_SHA1_COMMIT         02
+#define GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH     04
+#define GET_SHA1_TREE          010
+#define GET_SHA1_TREEISH       020
+#define GET_SHA1_BLOB	       040
+#define GET_SHA1_ONLY_TO_DIE 04000
+
 extern int get_sha1(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
-extern int get_sha1_with_mode_1(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode, int only_to_die, const char *prefix);
-static inline int get_sha1_with_mode(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode)
-{
-	return get_sha1_with_mode_1(str, sha1, mode, 0, NULL);
-}
-extern int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc, int only_to_die, const char *prefix);
-static inline int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc)
-{
-	return get_sha1_with_context_1(str, sha1, orc, 0, NULL);
-}
+extern int get_sha1_commit(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_committish(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_tree(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_treeish(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int get_sha1_blob(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern void maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(const char *name, const char *prefix);
+extern int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned flags, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc);
+
+typedef int each_abbrev_fn(const unsigned char *sha1, void *);
+extern int for_each_abbrev(const char *prefix, each_abbrev_fn, void *);
 
 /*
  * Try to read a SHA1 in hexadecimal format from the 40 characters
@@ -834,8 +954,8 @@ static inline int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1, st
 extern int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1);
 
 extern char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1);	/* static buffer result! */
-extern int read_ref_full(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
-			 int reading, int *flags);
+extern int read_ref_full(const char *refname, int resolve_flags,
+			 unsigned char *sha1, int *flags);
 extern int read_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
 
 /*
@@ -847,45 +967,69 @@ extern int read_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
  * or the input ref.
  *
  * If the reference cannot be resolved to an object, the behavior
- * depends on the "reading" argument:
+ * depends on the RESOLVE_REF_READING flag:
  *
- * - If reading is set, return NULL.
+ * - If RESOLVE_REF_READING is set, return NULL.
  *
- * - If reading is not set, clear sha1 and return the name of the last
- *   reference name in the chain, which will either be a non-symbolic
+ * - If RESOLVE_REF_READING is not set, clear sha1 and return the name of
+ *   the last reference name in the chain, which will either be a non-symbolic
  *   reference or an undefined reference.  If this is a prelude to
  *   "writing" to the ref, the return value is the name of the ref
  *   that will actually be created or changed.
  *
- * If flag is non-NULL, set the value that it points to the
+ * If the RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE flag is passed, only resolves one
+ * level of symbolic reference.  The value stored in sha1 for a symbolic
+ * reference will always be null_sha1 in this case, and the return
+ * value is the reference that the symref refers to directly.
+ *
+ * If flags is non-NULL, set the value that it points to the
  * combination of REF_ISPACKED (if the reference was found among the
- * packed references) and REF_ISSYMREF (if the initial reference was a
- * symbolic reference).
+ * packed references), REF_ISSYMREF (if the initial reference was a
+ * symbolic reference), REF_BAD_NAME (if the reference name is ill
+ * formed --- see RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME below), and REF_ISBROKEN
+ * (if the ref is malformed or has a bad name). See refs.h for more detail
+ * on each flag.
  *
  * If ref is not a properly-formatted, normalized reference, return
  * NULL.  If more than MAXDEPTH recursive symbolic lookups are needed,
  * give up and return NULL.
  *
- * errno is sometimes set on errors, but not always.
+ * RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME allows resolving refs even when their
+ * name is invalid according to git-check-ref-format(1).  If the name
+ * is bad then the value stored in sha1 will be null_sha1 and the two
+ * flags REF_ISBROKEN and REF_BAD_NAME will be set.
+ *
+ * Even with RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME, names that escape the refs/
+ * directory and do not consist of all caps and underscores cannot be
+ * resolved. The function returns NULL for such ref names.
+ * Caps and underscores refers to the special refs, such as HEAD,
+ * FETCH_HEAD and friends, that all live outside of the refs/ directory.
  */
-extern const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag);
-extern char *resolve_refdup(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag);
+#define RESOLVE_REF_READING 0x01
+#define RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE 0x02
+#define RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME 0x04
+extern const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *ref, int resolve_flags, unsigned char *sha1, int *flags);
+extern char *resolve_refdup(const char *ref, int resolve_flags, unsigned char *sha1, int *flags);
 
 extern int dwim_ref(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
 extern int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref);
-extern int interpret_branch_name(const char *str, struct strbuf *);
+extern int interpret_branch_name(const char *str, int len, struct strbuf *);
 extern int get_sha1_mb(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
 
-extern int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name, const char **rules);
-extern const char *ref_rev_parse_rules[];
-#define ref_fetch_rules ref_rev_parse_rules
+/*
+ * Return true iff abbrev_name is a possible abbreviation for
+ * full_name according to the rules defined by ref_rev_parse_rules in
+ * refs.c.
+ */
+extern int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name);
 
 extern int create_symref(const char *ref, const char *refs_heads_master, const char *logmsg);
 extern int validate_headref(const char *ref);
 
 extern int base_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1, const char *name2, int len2, int mode2);
 extern int df_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1, const char *name2, int len2, int mode2);
-extern int cache_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2);
+extern int name_compare(const char *name1, size_t len1, const char *name2, size_t len2);
+extern int cache_name_stage_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int stage1, const char *name2, int len2, int stage2);
 
 extern void *read_object_with_reference(const unsigned char *sha1,
 					const char *required_type,
@@ -901,34 +1045,71 @@ enum date_mode {
 	DATE_SHORT,
 	DATE_LOCAL,
 	DATE_ISO8601,
+	DATE_ISO8601_STRICT,
 	DATE_RFC2822,
 	DATE_RAW
 };
 
 const char *show_date(unsigned long time, int timezone, enum date_mode mode);
-const char *show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz,
-			       const struct timeval *now,
-			       char *timebuf,
-			       size_t timebuf_size);
-int parse_date(const char *date, char *buf, int bufsize);
+void show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz, const struct timeval *now,
+			struct strbuf *timebuf);
+int parse_date(const char *date, struct strbuf *out);
 int parse_date_basic(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset);
-void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize);
+int parse_expiry_date(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp);
+void datestamp(struct strbuf *out);
 #define approxidate(s) approxidate_careful((s), NULL)
 unsigned long approxidate_careful(const char *, int *);
 unsigned long approxidate_relative(const char *date, const struct timeval *now);
 enum date_mode parse_date_format(const char *format);
+int date_overflows(unsigned long date);
 
-#define IDENT_WARN_ON_NO_NAME  1
-#define IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME 2
-#define IDENT_NO_DATE	       4
+#define IDENT_STRICT	       1
+#define IDENT_NO_DATE	       2
+#define IDENT_NO_NAME	       4
 extern const char *git_author_info(int);
 extern const char *git_committer_info(int);
 extern const char *fmt_ident(const char *name, const char *email, const char *date_str, int);
 extern const char *fmt_name(const char *name, const char *email);
+extern const char *ident_default_name(void);
+extern const char *ident_default_email(void);
 extern const char *git_editor(void);
 extern const char *git_pager(int stdout_is_tty);
+extern int git_ident_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
+
+struct ident_split {
+	const char *name_begin;
+	const char *name_end;
+	const char *mail_begin;
+	const char *mail_end;
+	const char *date_begin;
+	const char *date_end;
+	const char *tz_begin;
+	const char *tz_end;
+};
+/*
+ * Signals an success with 0, but time part of the result may be NULL
+ * if the input lacks timestamp and zone
+ */
+extern int split_ident_line(struct ident_split *, const char *, int);
+
+/*
+ * Like show_date, but pull the timestamp and tz parameters from
+ * the ident_split. It will also sanity-check the values and produce
+ * a well-known sentinel date if they appear bogus.
+ */
+const char *show_ident_date(const struct ident_split *id, enum date_mode mode);
+
+/*
+ * Compare split idents for equality or strict ordering. Note that we
+ * compare only the ident part of the line, ignoring any timestamp.
+ *
+ * Because there are two fields, we must choose one as the primary key; we
+ * currently arbitrarily pick the email.
+ */
+extern int ident_cmp(const struct ident_split *, const struct ident_split *);
 
 struct checkout {
+	struct index_state *istate;
 	const char *base_dir;
 	int base_dir_len;
 	unsigned force:1,
@@ -937,15 +1118,20 @@ struct checkout {
 		 refresh_cache:1;
 };
 
+#define TEMPORARY_FILENAME_LENGTH 25
 extern int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *topath);
 
 struct cache_def {
-	char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
-	int len;
+	struct strbuf path;
 	int flags;
 	int track_flags;
 	int prefix_len_stat_func;
 };
+#define CACHE_DEF_INIT { STRBUF_INIT, 0, 0, 0 }
+static inline void cache_def_clear(struct cache_def *cache)
+{
+	strbuf_release(&cache->path);
+}
 
 extern int has_symlink_leading_path(const char *name, int len);
 extern int threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(struct cache_def *, const char *, int);
@@ -960,9 +1146,10 @@ extern struct alternate_object_database {
 	char base[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 } *alt_odb_list;
 extern void prepare_alt_odb(void);
+extern void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth);
 extern void add_to_alternates_file(const char *reference);
 typedef int alt_odb_fn(struct alternate_object_database *, void *);
-extern void foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn, void*);
+extern int foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn, void*);
 
 struct pack_window {
 	struct pack_window *next;
@@ -999,49 +1186,11 @@ struct pack_entry {
 	struct packed_git *p;
 };
 
-struct ref {
-	struct ref *next;
-	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
-	char *symref;
-	unsigned int force:1,
-		merge:1,
-		nonfastforward:1,
-		deletion:1;
-	enum {
-		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
-		REF_STATUS_OK,
-		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
-		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
-		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
-		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
-		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT
-	} status;
-	char *remote_status;
-	struct ref *peer_ref; /* when renaming */
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
-};
-
-#define REF_NORMAL	(1u << 0)
-#define REF_HEADS	(1u << 1)
-#define REF_TAGS	(1u << 2)
-
-extern struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name);
-
-#define CONNECT_VERBOSE       (1u << 0)
-extern struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url, const char *prog, int flags);
-extern int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn);
-extern int git_connection_is_socket(struct child_process *conn);
-struct extra_have_objects {
-	int nr, alloc;
-	unsigned char (*array)[20];
-};
-extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list, unsigned int flags, struct extra_have_objects *);
-extern int server_supports(const char *feature);
-extern const char *parse_feature_request(const char *features, const char *feature);
-
 extern struct packed_git *parse_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1, const char *idx_path);
 
+/* A hook for count-objects to report invalid files in pack directory */
+extern void (*report_garbage)(const char *desc, const char *path);
+
 extern void prepare_packed_git(void);
 extern void reprepare_packed_git(void);
 extern void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack);
@@ -1050,26 +1199,111 @@ extern struct packed_git *find_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1,
 					 struct packed_git *packs);
 
 extern void pack_report(void);
+
+/*
+ * mmap the index file for the specified packfile (if it is not
+ * already mmapped).  Return 0 on success.
+ */
 extern int open_pack_index(struct packed_git *);
+
+/*
+ * munmap the index file for the specified packfile (if it is
+ * currently mmapped).
+ */
 extern void close_pack_index(struct packed_git *);
+
 extern unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *, struct pack_window **, off_t, unsigned long *);
 extern void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *);
 extern void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **);
 extern void free_pack_by_name(const char *);
 extern void clear_delta_base_cache(void);
 extern struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *, int, int);
-extern const unsigned char *nth_packed_object_sha1(struct packed_git *, uint32_t);
-extern off_t nth_packed_object_offset(const struct packed_git *, uint32_t);
-extern off_t find_pack_entry_one(const unsigned char *, struct packed_git *);
+
+/*
+ * Return the SHA-1 of the nth object within the specified packfile.
+ * Open the index if it is not already open.  The return value points
+ * at the SHA-1 within the mmapped index.  Return NULL if there is an
+ * error.
+ */
+extern const unsigned char *nth_packed_object_sha1(struct packed_git *, uint32_t n);
+
+/*
+ * Return the offset of the nth object within the specified packfile.
+ * The index must already be opened.
+ */
+extern off_t nth_packed_object_offset(const struct packed_git *, uint32_t n);
+
+/*
+ * If the object named sha1 is present in the specified packfile,
+ * return its offset within the packfile; otherwise, return 0.
+ */
+extern off_t find_pack_entry_one(const unsigned char *sha1, struct packed_git *);
+
 extern int is_pack_valid(struct packed_git *);
 extern void *unpack_entry(struct packed_git *, off_t, enum object_type *, unsigned long *);
 extern unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf, unsigned long len, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep);
 extern unsigned long get_size_from_delta(struct packed_git *, struct pack_window **, off_t);
 extern int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *, struct pack_window **, off_t *, unsigned long *);
 
+/*
+ * Iterate over the files in the loose-object parts of the object
+ * directory "path", triggering the following callbacks:
+ *
+ *  - loose_object is called for each loose object we find.
+ *
+ *  - loose_cruft is called for any files that do not appear to be
+ *    loose objects. Note that we only look in the loose object
+ *    directories "objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/", so we will not report
+ *    "objects/foobar" as cruft.
+ *
+ *  - loose_subdir is called for each top-level hashed subdirectory
+ *    of the object directory (e.g., "$OBJDIR/f0"). It is called
+ *    after the objects in the directory are processed.
+ *
+ * Any callback that is NULL will be ignored. Callbacks returning non-zero
+ * will end the iteration.
+ *
+ * In the "buf" variant, "path" is a strbuf which will also be used as a
+ * scratch buffer, but restored to its original contents before
+ * the function returns.
+ */
+typedef int each_loose_object_fn(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				 const char *path,
+				 void *data);
+typedef int each_loose_cruft_fn(const char *basename,
+				const char *path,
+				void *data);
+typedef int each_loose_subdir_fn(int nr,
+				 const char *path,
+				 void *data);
+int for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(const char *path,
+				  each_loose_object_fn obj_cb,
+				  each_loose_cruft_fn cruft_cb,
+				  each_loose_subdir_fn subdir_cb,
+				  void *data);
+int for_each_loose_file_in_objdir_buf(struct strbuf *path,
+				      each_loose_object_fn obj_cb,
+				      each_loose_cruft_fn cruft_cb,
+				      each_loose_subdir_fn subdir_cb,
+				      void *data);
+
+/*
+ * Iterate over loose and packed objects in both the local
+ * repository and any alternates repositories.
+ */
+typedef int each_packed_object_fn(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  struct packed_git *pack,
+				  uint32_t pos,
+				  void *data);
+extern int for_each_loose_object(each_loose_object_fn, void *);
+extern int for_each_packed_object(each_packed_object_fn, void *);
+
 struct object_info {
 	/* Request */
+	enum object_type *typep;
 	unsigned long *sizep;
+	unsigned long *disk_sizep;
+	unsigned char *delta_base_sha1;
 
 	/* Response */
 	enum {
@@ -1094,7 +1328,7 @@ struct object_info {
 		} packed;
 	} u;
 };
-extern int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *, struct object_info *);
+extern int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *, struct object_info *, unsigned flags);
 
 /* Dumb servers support */
 extern int update_server_info(int);
@@ -1108,18 +1342,31 @@ extern int update_server_info(int);
 #define CONFIG_NO_WRITE 4
 #define CONFIG_NOTHING_SET 5
 #define CONFIG_INVALID_PATTERN 6
+#define CONFIG_GENERIC_ERROR 7
+
+#define CONFIG_REGEX_NONE ((void *)1)
+
+struct git_config_source {
+	unsigned int use_stdin:1;
+	const char *file;
+	const char *blob;
+};
 
 typedef int (*config_fn_t)(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern int git_default_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *, void *);
+extern int git_config_from_buf(config_fn_t fn, const char *name,
+			       const char *buf, size_t len, void *data);
 extern void git_config_push_parameter(const char *text);
 extern int git_config_from_parameters(config_fn_t fn, void *data);
-extern int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *);
+extern void git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *);
 extern int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *,
-				   const char *filename, int respect_includes);
+				   struct git_config_source *config_source,
+				   int respect_includes);
 extern int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *, const char *repo_config);
 extern int git_parse_ulong(const char *, unsigned long *);
 extern int git_config_int(const char *, const char *);
+extern int64_t git_config_int64(const char *, const char *);
 extern unsigned long git_config_ulong(const char *, const char *);
 extern int git_config_bool_or_int(const char *, const char *, int *);
 extern int git_config_bool(const char *, const char *);
@@ -1136,8 +1383,12 @@ extern int git_config_rename_section_in_file(const char *, const char *, const c
 extern const char *git_etc_gitconfig(void);
 extern int check_repository_format_version(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
 extern int git_env_bool(const char *, int);
+extern unsigned long git_env_ulong(const char *, unsigned long);
 extern int git_config_system(void);
 extern int config_error_nonbool(const char *);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define config_error_nonbool(s) (config_error_nonbool(s), const_error())
+#endif
 extern const char *get_log_output_encoding(void);
 extern const char *get_commit_output_encoding(void);
 
@@ -1151,21 +1402,96 @@ struct config_include_data {
 #define CONFIG_INCLUDE_INIT { 0 }
 extern int git_config_include(const char *name, const char *value, void *data);
 
-#define MAX_GITNAME (1000)
-extern char git_default_email[MAX_GITNAME];
-extern char git_default_name[MAX_GITNAME];
-#define IDENT_NAME_GIVEN 01
-#define IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN 02
-#define IDENT_ALL_GIVEN (IDENT_NAME_GIVEN|IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN)
-extern int user_ident_explicitly_given;
-extern int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
+/*
+ * Match and parse a config key of the form:
+ *
+ *   section.(subsection.)?key
+ *
+ * (i.e., what gets handed to a config_fn_t). The caller provides the section;
+ * we return -1 if it does not match, 0 otherwise. The subsection and key
+ * out-parameters are filled by the function (and subsection is NULL if it is
+ * missing).
+ */
+extern int parse_config_key(const char *var,
+			    const char *section,
+			    const char **subsection, int *subsection_len,
+			    const char **key);
+
+struct config_set_element {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	char *key;
+	struct string_list value_list;
+};
+
+struct configset_list_item {
+	struct config_set_element *e;
+	int value_index;
+};
+
+/*
+ * the contents of the list are ordered according to their
+ * position in the config files and order of parsing the files.
+ * (i.e. key-value pair at the last position of .git/config will
+ * be at the last item of the list)
+ */
+struct configset_list {
+	struct configset_list_item *items;
+	unsigned int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+struct config_set {
+	struct hashmap config_hash;
+	int hash_initialized;
+	struct configset_list list;
+};
+
+extern void git_configset_init(struct config_set *cs);
+extern int git_configset_add_file(struct config_set *cs, const char *filename);
+extern int git_configset_get_value(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **value);
+extern const struct string_list *git_configset_get_value_multi(struct config_set *cs, const char *key);
+extern void git_configset_clear(struct config_set *cs);
+extern int git_configset_get_string_const(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_string(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, char **dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_int(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_ulong(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, unsigned long *dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_bool(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_bool_or_int(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *is_bool, int *dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_maybe_bool(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_configset_get_pathname(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest);
+
+extern int git_config_get_value(const char *key, const char **value);
+extern const struct string_list *git_config_get_value_multi(const char *key);
+extern void git_config_clear(void);
+extern void git_config_iter(config_fn_t fn, void *data);
+extern int git_config_get_string_const(const char *key, const char **dest);
+extern int git_config_get_string(const char *key, char **dest);
+extern int git_config_get_int(const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_config_get_ulong(const char *key, unsigned long *dest);
+extern int git_config_get_bool(const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_config_get_bool_or_int(const char *key, int *is_bool, int *dest);
+extern int git_config_get_maybe_bool(const char *key, int *dest);
+extern int git_config_get_pathname(const char *key, const char **dest);
+
+struct key_value_info {
+	const char *filename;
+	int linenr;
+};
+
+extern NORETURN void git_die_config(const char *key, const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
+extern NORETURN void git_die_config_linenr(const char *key, const char *filename, int linenr);
+
+extern int committer_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
+extern int author_ident_sufficiently_given(void);
 
 extern const char *git_commit_encoding;
 extern const char *git_log_output_encoding;
 extern const char *git_mailmap_file;
+extern const char *git_mailmap_blob;
 
 /* IO helper functions */
 extern void maybe_flush_or_die(FILE *, const char *);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void fprintf_or_die(FILE *, const char *fmt, ...);
 extern int copy_fd(int ifd, int ofd);
 extern int copy_file(const char *dst, const char *src, int mode);
 extern int copy_file_with_time(const char *dst, const char *src, int mode);
@@ -1176,6 +1502,8 @@ extern void fsync_or_die(int fd, const char *);
 
 extern ssize_t read_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
 extern ssize_t write_in_full(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
+extern ssize_t pread_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset);
+
 static inline ssize_t write_str_in_full(int fd, const char *str)
 {
 	return write_in_full(fd, str, strlen(str));
@@ -1187,7 +1515,8 @@ extern const char *pager_program;
 extern int pager_in_use(void);
 extern int pager_use_color;
 extern int term_columns(void);
-extern int decimal_width(int);
+extern int decimal_width(uintmax_t);
+extern int check_pager_config(const char *cmd);
 
 extern const char *editor_program;
 extern const char *askpass_program;
@@ -1204,17 +1533,9 @@ extern void *alloc_commit_node(void);
 extern void *alloc_tag_node(void);
 extern void *alloc_object_node(void);
 extern void alloc_report(void);
+extern unsigned int alloc_commit_index(void);
 
-/* trace.c */
-__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
-extern void trace_printf(const char *format, ...);
-extern void trace_vprintf(const char *key, const char *format, va_list ap);
-__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
-extern void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...);
-extern void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix);
-extern int trace_want(const char *key);
-extern void trace_strbuf(const char *key, const struct strbuf *buf);
-
+/* pkt-line.c */
 void packet_trace_identity(const char *prog);
 
 /* add */
@@ -1222,7 +1543,7 @@ void packet_trace_identity(const char *prog);
  * return 0 if success, 1 - if addition of a file failed and
  * ADD_FILES_IGNORE_ERRORS was specified in flags
  */
-int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec, int flags);
+int add_files_to_cache(const char *prefix, const struct pathspec *pathspec, int flags);
 
 /* diff.c */
 extern int diff_auto_refresh_index;
@@ -1256,7 +1577,6 @@ extern int ws_blank_line(const char *line, int len, unsigned ws_rule);
 #define ws_tab_width(rule)     ((rule) & WS_TAB_WIDTH_MASK)
 
 /* ls-files */
-int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const char **pathspec, const char *prefix);
 void overlay_tree_on_cache(const char *tree_name, const char *prefix);
 
 char *alias_lookup(const char *alias);
@@ -1271,7 +1591,45 @@ struct startup_info {
 };
 extern struct startup_info *startup_info;
 
-/* builtin/merge.c */
-int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *from, const unsigned char *to);
+/* merge.c */
+struct commit_list;
+int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
+		const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
+		const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes);
+int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *from,
+			  const unsigned char *to,
+			  int overwrite_ignore);
+
+
+int sane_execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
+
+/*
+ * A struct to encapsulate the concept of whether a file has changed
+ * since we last checked it. This uses criteria similar to those used
+ * for the index.
+ */
+struct stat_validity {
+	struct stat_data *sd;
+};
+
+void stat_validity_clear(struct stat_validity *sv);
+
+/*
+ * Returns 1 if the path is a regular file (or a symlink to a regular
+ * file) and matches the saved stat_validity, 0 otherwise.  A missing
+ * or inaccessible file is considered a match if the struct was just
+ * initialized, or if the previous update found an inaccessible file.
+ */
+int stat_validity_check(struct stat_validity *sv, const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Update the stat_validity from a file opened at descriptor fd. If
+ * the file is missing, inaccessible, or not a regular file, then
+ * future calls to stat_validity_check will match iff one of those
+ * conditions continues to be true.
+ */
+void stat_validity_update(struct stat_validity *sv, int fd);
+
+int versioncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
 
 #endif /* CACHE_H */
diff --git a/check-builtins.sh b/check-builtins.sh
index d6fe6cf174..a0aaf3a347 100755
--- a/check-builtins.sh
+++ b/check-builtins.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 {
 	cat <<\EOF
 sayIt:
-	$(foreach b,$(BUILT_INS),echo XXX $b YYY;)
+	$(foreach b,$(BUILT_INS),echo XXX $(b:$X=) YYY;)
 EOF
 	cat Makefile
 } |
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ sort |
     bad=0
     while read builtin
     do
-	base=`expr "$builtin" : 'git-\(.*\)'`
-	x=`sed -ne 's/.*{ "'$base'", \(cmd_[^, ]*\).*/'$base'	\1/p' git.c`
+	base=$(expr "$builtin" : 'git-\(.*\)')
+	x=$(sed -ne 's/.*{ "'$base'", \(cmd_[^, ]*\).*/'$base'	\1/p' git.c)
 	if test -z "$x"
 	then
 		echo "$base is builtin but not listed in git.c command list"
diff --git a/check_bindir b/check_bindir
index a1c4c3e8d8..623eadcbb7 100755
--- a/check_bindir
+++ b/check_bindir
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 bindir="$1"
 gitexecdir="$2"
 gitcmd="$3"
-if test "$bindir" != "$gitexecdir" -a -x "$gitcmd"
+if test "$bindir" != "$gitexecdir" && test -x "$gitcmd"
 then
 	echo
 	echo "!! You have installed git-* commands to new gitexecdir."
diff --git a/color.c b/color.c
index e8e26818b3..9027352ad7 100644
--- a/color.c
+++ b/color.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "color.h"
 
-static int git_use_color_default = 0;
+static int git_use_color_default = GIT_COLOR_AUTO;
 int color_stdout_is_tty = -1;
 
 /*
@@ -26,30 +26,110 @@ const char *column_colors_ansi[] = {
 /* Ignore the RESET at the end when giving the size */
 const int column_colors_ansi_max = ARRAY_SIZE(column_colors_ansi) - 1;
 
-static int parse_color(const char *name, int len)
+/* An individual foreground or background color. */
+struct color {
+	enum {
+		COLOR_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+		COLOR_NORMAL,
+		COLOR_ANSI, /* basic 0-7 ANSI colors */
+		COLOR_256,
+		COLOR_RGB
+	} type;
+	/* The numeric value for ANSI and 256-color modes */
+	unsigned char value;
+	/* 24-bit RGB color values */
+	unsigned char red, green, blue;
+};
+
+/*
+ * "word" is a buffer of length "len"; does it match the NUL-terminated
+ * "match" exactly?
+ */
+static int match_word(const char *word, int len, const char *match)
+{
+	return !strncasecmp(word, match, len) && !match[len];
+}
+
+static int get_hex_color(const char *in, unsigned char *out)
+{
+	unsigned int val;
+	val = (hexval(in[0]) << 4) | hexval(in[1]);
+	if (val & ~0xff)
+		return -1;
+	*out = val;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_color(struct color *out, const char *name, int len)
 {
+	/* Positions in array must match ANSI color codes */
 	static const char * const color_names[] = {
-		"normal", "black", "red", "green", "yellow",
+		"black", "red", "green", "yellow",
 		"blue", "magenta", "cyan", "white"
 	};
 	char *end;
 	int i;
+	long val;
+
+	/* First try the special word "normal"... */
+	if (match_word(name, len, "normal")) {
+		out->type = COLOR_NORMAL;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Try a 24-bit RGB value */
+	if (len == 7 && name[0] == '#') {
+		if (!get_hex_color(name + 1, &out->red) &&
+		    !get_hex_color(name + 3, &out->green) &&
+		    !get_hex_color(name + 5, &out->blue)) {
+			out->type = COLOR_RGB;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Then pick from our human-readable color names... */
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(color_names); i++) {
-		const char *str = color_names[i];
-		if (!strncasecmp(name, str, len) && !str[len])
-			return i - 1;
+		if (match_word(name, len, color_names[i])) {
+			out->type = COLOR_ANSI;
+			out->value = i;
+			return 0;
+		}
 	}
-	i = strtol(name, &end, 10);
-	if (end - name == len && i >= -1 && i <= 255)
-		return i;
-	return -2;
+
+	/* And finally try a literal 256-color-mode number */
+	val = strtol(name, &end, 10);
+	if (end - name == len) {
+		/*
+		 * Allow "-1" as an alias for "normal", but other negative
+		 * numbers are bogus.
+		 */
+		if (val < -1)
+			; /* fall through to error */
+		else if (val < 0) {
+			out->type = COLOR_NORMAL;
+			return 0;
+		/* Rewrite low numbers as more-portable standard colors. */
+		} else if (val < 8) {
+			out->type = COLOR_ANSI;
+			out->value = val;
+			return 0;
+		} else if (val < 256) {
+			out->type = COLOR_256;
+			out->value = val;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return -1;
 }
 
 static int parse_attr(const char *name, int len)
 {
-	static const int attr_values[] = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 };
+	static const int attr_values[] = { 1, 2, 4, 5, 7,
+					   22, 22, 24, 25, 27 };
 	static const char * const attr_names[] = {
-		"bold", "dim", "ul", "blink", "reverse"
+		"bold", "dim", "ul", "blink", "reverse",
+		"nobold", "nodim", "noul", "noblink", "noreverse"
 	};
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(attr_names); i++) {
@@ -60,28 +140,59 @@ static int parse_attr(const char *name, int len)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-void color_parse(const char *value, const char *var, char *dst)
+int color_parse(const char *value, char *dst)
+{
+	return color_parse_mem(value, strlen(value), dst);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write the ANSI color codes for "c" to "out"; the string should
+ * already have the ANSI escape code in it. "out" should have enough
+ * space in it to fit any color.
+ */
+static char *color_output(char *out, const struct color *c, char type)
 {
-	color_parse_mem(value, strlen(value), var, dst);
+	switch (c->type) {
+	case COLOR_UNSPECIFIED:
+	case COLOR_NORMAL:
+		break;
+	case COLOR_ANSI:
+		*out++ = type;
+		*out++ = '0' + c->value;
+		break;
+	case COLOR_256:
+		out += sprintf(out, "%c8;5;%d", type, c->value);
+		break;
+	case COLOR_RGB:
+		out += sprintf(out, "%c8;2;%d;%d;%d", type,
+			       c->red, c->green, c->blue);
+		break;
+	}
+	return out;
 }
 
-void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, const char *var,
-		char *dst)
+static int color_empty(const struct color *c)
+{
+	return c->type <= COLOR_NORMAL;
+}
+
+int color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, char *dst)
 {
 	const char *ptr = value;
 	int len = value_len;
 	unsigned int attr = 0;
-	int fg = -2;
-	int bg = -2;
+	struct color fg = { COLOR_UNSPECIFIED };
+	struct color bg = { COLOR_UNSPECIFIED };
 
 	if (!strncasecmp(value, "reset", len)) {
 		strcpy(dst, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
-		return;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* [fg [bg]] [attr]... */
 	while (len > 0) {
 		const char *word = ptr;
+		struct color c;
 		int val, wordlen = 0;
 
 		while (len > 0 && !isspace(word[wordlen])) {
@@ -95,14 +206,13 @@ void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, const char *var,
 			len--;
 		}
 
-		val = parse_color(word, wordlen);
-		if (val >= -1) {
-			if (fg == -2) {
-				fg = val;
+		if (!parse_color(&c, word, wordlen)) {
+			if (fg.type == COLOR_UNSPECIFIED) {
+				fg = c;
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (bg == -2) {
-				bg = val;
+			if (bg.type == COLOR_UNSPECIFIED) {
+				bg = c;
 				continue;
 			}
 			goto bad;
@@ -114,7 +224,7 @@ void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, const char *var,
 			goto bad;
 	}
 
-	if (attr || fg >= 0 || bg >= 0) {
+	if (attr || !color_empty(&fg) || !color_empty(&bg)) {
 		int sep = 0;
 		int i;
 
@@ -128,34 +238,26 @@ void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int value_len, const char *var,
 			attr &= ~bit;
 			if (sep++)
 				*dst++ = ';';
-			*dst++ = '0' + i;
+			dst += sprintf(dst, "%d", i);
 		}
-		if (fg >= 0) {
+		if (!color_empty(&fg)) {
 			if (sep++)
 				*dst++ = ';';
-			if (fg < 8) {
-				*dst++ = '3';
-				*dst++ = '0' + fg;
-			} else {
-				dst += sprintf(dst, "38;5;%d", fg);
-			}
+			/* foreground colors are all in the 3x range */
+			dst = color_output(dst, &fg, '3');
 		}
-		if (bg >= 0) {
+		if (!color_empty(&bg)) {
 			if (sep++)
 				*dst++ = ';';
-			if (bg < 8) {
-				*dst++ = '4';
-				*dst++ = '0' + bg;
-			} else {
-				dst += sprintf(dst, "48;5;%d", bg);
-			}
+			/* background colors are all in the 4x range */
+			dst = color_output(dst, &bg, '4');
 		}
 		*dst++ = 'm';
 	}
 	*dst = 0;
-	return;
+	return 0;
 bad:
-	die("bad color value '%.*s' for variable '%s'", value_len, value, var);
+	return error(_("invalid color value: %.*s"), value_len, value);
 }
 
 int git_config_colorbool(const char *var, const char *value)
diff --git a/color.h b/color.h
index 9a8495bb7f..7fe77fb55e 100644
--- a/color.h
+++ b/color.h
@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ struct strbuf;
 /*
  * The maximum length of ANSI color sequence we would generate:
  * - leading ESC '['            2
- * - attr + ';'                 2 * 8 (e.g. "1;")
- * - fg color + ';'             9 (e.g. "38;5;2xx;")
- * - fg color + ';'             9 (e.g. "48;5;2xx;")
+ * - attr + ';'                 3 * 10 (e.g. "1;")
+ * - fg color + ';'             17 (e.g. "38;2;255;255;255;")
+ * - bg color + ';'             17 (e.g. "48;2;255;255;255;")
  * - terminating 'm' NUL        2
  *
  * The above overcounts attr (we only use 5 not 8) and one semicolon
  * but it is close enough.
  */
-#define COLOR_MAXLEN 40
+#define COLOR_MAXLEN 70
 
 /*
  * IMPORTANT: Due to the way these color codes are emulated on Windows,
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ int git_color_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
 
 int git_config_colorbool(const char *var, const char *value);
 int want_color(int var);
-void color_parse(const char *value, const char *var, char *dst);
-void color_parse_mem(const char *value, int len, const char *var, char *dst);
+int color_parse(const char *value, char *dst);
+int color_parse_mem(const char *value, int len, char *dst);
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
 int color_fprintf(FILE *fp, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
diff --git a/column.c b/column.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..786abe62b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/column.c
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+#define XY2LINEAR(d, x, y) (COL_LAYOUT((d)->colopts) == COL_COLUMN ? \
+			    (x) * (d)->rows + (y) : \
+			    (y) * (d)->cols + (x))
+
+struct column_data {
+	const struct string_list *list;
+	unsigned int colopts;
+	struct column_options opts;
+
+	int rows, cols;
+	int *len;		/* cell length */
+	int *width;	      /* index to the longest row in column */
+};
+
+/* return length of 's' in letters, ANSI escapes stripped */
+static int item_length(unsigned int colopts, const char *s)
+{
+	int len, i = 0;
+	struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&str, s);
+	while ((s = strstr(str.buf + i, "\033[")) != NULL) {
+		int len = strspn(s + 2, "0123456789;");
+		i = s - str.buf;
+		strbuf_remove(&str, i, len + 3); /* \033[<len><func char> */
+	}
+	len = utf8_strwidth(str.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&str);
+	return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate cell width, rows and cols for a table of equal cells, given
+ * table width and how many spaces between cells.
+ */
+static void layout(struct column_data *data, int *width)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	*width = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < data->list->nr; i++)
+		if (*width < data->len[i])
+			*width = data->len[i];
+
+	*width += data->opts.padding;
+
+	data->cols = (data->opts.width - strlen(data->opts.indent)) / *width;
+	if (data->cols == 0)
+		data->cols = 1;
+
+	data->rows = DIV_ROUND_UP(data->list->nr, data->cols);
+}
+
+static void compute_column_width(struct column_data *data)
+{
+	int i, x, y;
+	for (x = 0; x < data->cols; x++) {
+		data->width[x] = XY2LINEAR(data, x, 0);
+		for (y = 0; y < data->rows; y++) {
+			i = XY2LINEAR(data, x, y);
+			if (i < data->list->nr &&
+			    data->len[data->width[x]] < data->len[i])
+				data->width[x] = i;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Shrink all columns by shortening them one row each time (and adding
+ * more columns along the way). Hopefully the longest cell will be
+ * moved to the next column, column is shrunk so we have more space
+ * for new columns. The process ends when the whole thing no longer
+ * fits in data->total_width.
+ */
+static void shrink_columns(struct column_data *data)
+{
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(data->width, data->cols);
+	while (data->rows > 1) {
+		int x, total_width, cols, rows;
+		rows = data->rows;
+		cols = data->cols;
+
+		data->rows--;
+		data->cols = DIV_ROUND_UP(data->list->nr, data->rows);
+		if (data->cols != cols)
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(data->width, data->cols);
+		compute_column_width(data);
+
+		total_width = strlen(data->opts.indent);
+		for (x = 0; x < data->cols; x++) {
+			total_width += data->len[data->width[x]];
+			total_width += data->opts.padding;
+		}
+		if (total_width > data->opts.width) {
+			data->rows = rows;
+			data->cols = cols;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	compute_column_width(data);
+}
+
+/* Display without layout when not enabled */
+static void display_plain(const struct string_list *list,
+			  const char *indent, const char *nl)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+		printf("%s%s%s", indent, list->items[i].string, nl);
+}
+
+/* Print a cell to stdout with all necessary leading/traling space */
+static int display_cell(struct column_data *data, int initial_width,
+			const char *empty_cell, int x, int y)
+{
+	int i, len, newline;
+
+	i = XY2LINEAR(data, x, y);
+	if (i >= data->list->nr)
+		return -1;
+
+	len = data->len[i];
+	if (data->width && data->len[data->width[x]] < initial_width) {
+		/*
+		 * empty_cell has initial_width chars, if real column
+		 * is narrower, increase len a bit so we fill less
+		 * space.
+		 */
+		len += initial_width - data->len[data->width[x]];
+		len -= data->opts.padding;
+	}
+
+	if (COL_LAYOUT(data->colopts) == COL_COLUMN)
+		newline = i + data->rows >= data->list->nr;
+	else
+		newline = x == data->cols - 1 || i == data->list->nr - 1;
+
+	printf("%s%s%s",
+	       x == 0 ? data->opts.indent : "",
+	       data->list->items[i].string,
+	       newline ? data->opts.nl : empty_cell + len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Display COL_COLUMN or COL_ROW */
+static void display_table(const struct string_list *list,
+			  unsigned int colopts,
+			  const struct column_options *opts)
+{
+	struct column_data data;
+	int x, y, i, initial_width;
+	char *empty_cell;
+
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
+	data.list = list;
+	data.colopts = colopts;
+	data.opts = *opts;
+
+	data.len = xmalloc(sizeof(*data.len) * list->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+		data.len[i] = item_length(colopts, list->items[i].string);
+
+	layout(&data, &initial_width);
+
+	if (colopts & COL_DENSE)
+		shrink_columns(&data);
+
+	empty_cell = xmalloc(initial_width + 1);
+	memset(empty_cell, ' ', initial_width);
+	empty_cell[initial_width] = '\0';
+	for (y = 0; y < data.rows; y++) {
+		for (x = 0; x < data.cols; x++)
+			if (display_cell(&data, initial_width, empty_cell, x, y))
+				break;
+	}
+
+	free(data.len);
+	free(data.width);
+	free(empty_cell);
+}
+
+void print_columns(const struct string_list *list, unsigned int colopts,
+		   const struct column_options *opts)
+{
+	struct column_options nopts;
+
+	if (!list->nr)
+		return;
+	assert((colopts & COL_ENABLE_MASK) != COL_AUTO);
+
+	memset(&nopts, 0, sizeof(nopts));
+	nopts.indent = opts && opts->indent ? opts->indent : "";
+	nopts.nl = opts && opts->nl ? opts->nl : "\n";
+	nopts.padding = opts ? opts->padding : 1;
+	nopts.width = opts && opts->width ? opts->width : term_columns() - 1;
+	if (!column_active(colopts)) {
+		display_plain(list, "", "\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	switch (COL_LAYOUT(colopts)) {
+	case COL_PLAIN:
+		display_plain(list, nopts.indent, nopts.nl);
+		break;
+	case COL_ROW:
+	case COL_COLUMN:
+		display_table(list, colopts, &nopts);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: invalid layout mode %d", COL_LAYOUT(colopts));
+	}
+}
+
+int finalize_colopts(unsigned int *colopts, int stdout_is_tty)
+{
+	if ((*colopts & COL_ENABLE_MASK) == COL_AUTO) {
+		if (stdout_is_tty < 0)
+			stdout_is_tty = isatty(1);
+		*colopts &= ~COL_ENABLE_MASK;
+		if (stdout_is_tty)
+			*colopts |= COL_ENABLED;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct colopt {
+	const char *name;
+	unsigned int value;
+	unsigned int mask;
+};
+
+#define LAYOUT_SET 1
+#define ENABLE_SET 2
+
+static int parse_option(const char *arg, int len, unsigned int *colopts,
+			int *group_set)
+{
+	struct colopt opts[] = {
+		{ "always", COL_ENABLED,  COL_ENABLE_MASK },
+		{ "never",  COL_DISABLED, COL_ENABLE_MASK },
+		{ "auto",   COL_AUTO,     COL_ENABLE_MASK },
+		{ "plain",  COL_PLAIN,    COL_LAYOUT_MASK },
+		{ "column", COL_COLUMN,   COL_LAYOUT_MASK },
+		{ "row",    COL_ROW,      COL_LAYOUT_MASK },
+		{ "dense",  COL_DENSE,    0 },
+	};
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(opts); i++) {
+		int set = 1, arg_len = len, name_len;
+		const char *arg_str = arg;
+
+		if (!opts[i].mask) {
+			if (arg_len > 2 && !strncmp(arg_str, "no", 2)) {
+				arg_str += 2;
+				arg_len -= 2;
+				set = 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		name_len = strlen(opts[i].name);
+		if (arg_len != name_len ||
+		    strncmp(arg_str, opts[i].name, name_len))
+			continue;
+
+		switch (opts[i].mask) {
+		case COL_ENABLE_MASK:
+			*group_set |= ENABLE_SET;
+			break;
+		case COL_LAYOUT_MASK:
+			*group_set |= LAYOUT_SET;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (opts[i].mask)
+			*colopts = (*colopts & ~opts[i].mask) | opts[i].value;
+		else {
+			if (set)
+				*colopts |= opts[i].value;
+			else
+				*colopts &= ~opts[i].value;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return error("unsupported option '%s'", arg);
+}
+
+static int parse_config(unsigned int *colopts, const char *value)
+{
+	const char *sep = " ,";
+	int group_set = 0;
+
+	while (*value) {
+		int len = strcspn(value, sep);
+		if (len) {
+			if (parse_option(value, len, colopts, &group_set))
+				return -1;
+
+			value += len;
+		}
+		value += strspn(value, sep);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * If none of "always", "never", and "auto" is specified, then setting
+	 * layout implies "always".
+	 *
+	 * Current value in COL_ENABLE_MASK is disregarded. This means if
+	 * you set column.ui = auto and pass --column=row, then "auto"
+	 * will become "always".
+	 */
+	if ((group_set & LAYOUT_SET) && !(group_set & ENABLE_SET))
+		*colopts = (*colopts & ~COL_ENABLE_MASK) | COL_ENABLED;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int column_config(const char *var, const char *value,
+			 const char *key, unsigned int *colopts)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return config_error_nonbool(var);
+	if (parse_config(colopts, value))
+		return error("invalid column.%s mode %s", key, value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int git_column_config(const char *var, const char *value,
+		      const char *command, unsigned int *colopts)
+{
+	const char *it;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(var, "column.", &it))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!strcmp(it, "ui"))
+		return column_config(var, value, "ui", colopts);
+
+	if (command && !strcmp(it, command))
+		return column_config(var, value, it, colopts);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parseopt_column_callback(const struct option *opt,
+			     const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	unsigned int *colopts = opt->value;
+	*colopts |= COL_PARSEOPT;
+	*colopts &= ~COL_ENABLE_MASK;
+	if (unset)		/* --no-column == never */
+		return 0;
+	/* --column == always unless "arg" states otherwise */
+	*colopts |= COL_ENABLED;
+	if (arg)
+		return parse_config(colopts, arg);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int fd_out = -1;
+static struct child_process column_process = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+int run_column_filter(int colopts, const struct column_options *opts)
+{
+	struct argv_array *argv;
+
+	if (fd_out != -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	child_process_init(&column_process);
+	argv = &column_process.args;
+
+	argv_array_push(argv, "column");
+	argv_array_pushf(argv, "--raw-mode=%d", colopts);
+	if (opts && opts->width)
+		argv_array_pushf(argv, "--width=%d", opts->width);
+	if (opts && opts->indent)
+		argv_array_pushf(argv, "--indent=%s", opts->indent);
+	if (opts && opts->padding)
+		argv_array_pushf(argv, "--padding=%d", opts->padding);
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	column_process.in = -1;
+	column_process.out = dup(1);
+	column_process.git_cmd = 1;
+
+	if (start_command(&column_process))
+		return -2;
+
+	fd_out = dup(1);
+	close(1);
+	dup2(column_process.in, 1);
+	close(column_process.in);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int stop_column_filter(void)
+{
+	if (fd_out == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	fflush(stdout);
+	close(1);
+	finish_command(&column_process);
+	dup2(fd_out, 1);
+	close(fd_out);
+	fd_out = -1;
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/column.h b/column.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a61917fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/column.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef COLUMN_H
+#define COLUMN_H
+
+#define COL_LAYOUT_MASK   0x000F
+#define COL_ENABLE_MASK   0x0030   /* always, never or auto */
+#define COL_PARSEOPT      0x0040   /* --column is given from cmdline */
+#define COL_DENSE         0x0080   /* Shrink columns when possible,
+				      making space for more columns */
+
+#define COL_DISABLED      0x0000   /* must be zero */
+#define COL_ENABLED       0x0010
+#define COL_AUTO          0x0020
+
+#define COL_LAYOUT(c) ((c) & COL_LAYOUT_MASK)
+#define COL_COLUMN             0   /* Fill columns before rows */
+#define COL_ROW                1   /* Fill rows before columns */
+#define COL_PLAIN             15   /* one column */
+
+#define explicitly_enable_column(c) \
+	(((c) & COL_PARSEOPT) && column_active(c))
+
+struct column_options {
+	int width;
+	int padding;
+	const char *indent;
+	const char *nl;
+};
+
+struct option;
+extern int parseopt_column_callback(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int git_column_config(const char *var, const char *value,
+			     const char *command, unsigned int *colopts);
+extern int finalize_colopts(unsigned int *colopts, int stdout_is_tty);
+static inline int column_active(unsigned int colopts)
+{
+	return (colopts & COL_ENABLE_MASK) == COL_ENABLED;
+}
+
+extern void print_columns(const struct string_list *list, unsigned int colopts,
+			  const struct column_options *opts);
+
+extern int run_column_filter(int colopts, const struct column_options *);
+extern int stop_column_filter(void);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/combine-diff.c b/combine-diff.c
index a2e8dcf855..91edce58e1 100644
--- a/combine-diff.c
+++ b/combine-diff.c
@@ -5,19 +5,30 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "xdiff/xmacros.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+
+static int compare_paths(const struct combine_diff_path *one,
+			  const struct diff_filespec *two)
+{
+	if (!S_ISDIR(one->mode) && !S_ISDIR(two->mode))
+		return strcmp(one->path, two->path);
+
+	return base_name_compare(one->path, strlen(one->path), one->mode,
+				 two->path, strlen(two->path), two->mode);
+}
 
 static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr, int n, int num_parent)
 {
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
-	struct combine_diff_path *p;
-	int i;
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, **tail = &curr;
+	int i, cmp;
 
 	if (!n) {
-		struct combine_diff_path *list = NULL, **tail = &list;
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			int len;
 			const char *path;
@@ -29,7 +40,6 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr,
 			p->path = (char *) &(p->parent[num_parent]);
 			memcpy(p->path, path, len);
 			p->path[len] = 0;
-			p->len = len;
 			p->next = NULL;
 			memset(p->parent, 0,
 			       sizeof(p->parent[0]) * num_parent);
@@ -42,47 +52,61 @@ static struct combine_diff_path *intersect_paths(struct combine_diff_path *curr,
 			*tail = p;
 			tail = &p->next;
 		}
-		return list;
+		return curr;
 	}
 
-	for (p = curr; p; p = p->next) {
-		int found = 0;
-		if (!p->len)
+	/*
+	 * paths in curr (linked list) and q->queue[] (array) are
+	 * both sorted in the tree order.
+	 */
+	i = 0;
+	while ((p = *tail) != NULL) {
+		cmp = ((i >= q->nr)
+		       ? -1 : compare_paths(p, q->queue[i]->two));
+
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			/* p->path not in q->queue[]; drop it */
+			*tail = p->next;
+			free(p);
 			continue;
-		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
-			const char *path;
-			int len;
+		}
 
-			if (diff_unmodified_pair(q->queue[i]))
-				continue;
-			path = q->queue[i]->two->path;
-			len = strlen(path);
-			if (len == p->len && !memcmp(path, p->path, len)) {
-				found = 1;
-				hashcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
-				p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
-				p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
-				break;
-			}
+		if (cmp > 0) {
+			/* q->queue[i] not in p->path; skip it */
+			i++;
+			continue;
 		}
-		if (!found)
-			p->len = 0;
+
+		hashcpy(p->parent[n].sha1, q->queue[i]->one->sha1);
+		p->parent[n].mode = q->queue[i]->one->mode;
+		p->parent[n].status = q->queue[i]->status;
+
+		tail = &p->next;
+		i++;
 	}
 	return curr;
 }
 
 /* Lines lost from parent */
 struct lline {
-	struct lline *next;
+	struct lline *next, *prev;
 	int len;
 	unsigned long parent_map;
 	char line[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
+/* Lines lost from current parent (before coalescing) */
+struct plost {
+	struct lline *lost_head, *lost_tail;
+	int len;
+};
+
 /* Lines surviving in the merge result */
 struct sline {
-	struct lline *lost_head, **lost_tail;
-	struct lline *next_lost;
+	/* Accumulated and coalesced lost lines */
+	struct lline *lost;
+	int lenlost;
+	struct plost plost;
 	char *bol;
 	int len;
 	/* bit 0 up to (N-1) are on if the parent has this line (i.e.
@@ -94,6 +118,172 @@ struct sline {
 	unsigned long *p_lno;
 };
 
+static int match_string_spaces(const char *line1, int len1,
+			       const char *line2, int len2,
+			       long flags)
+{
+	if (flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS) {
+		for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1 - 1]); len1--);
+		for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2 - 1]); len2--);
+	}
+
+	if (!(flags & (XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE)))
+		return (len1 == len2 && !memcmp(line1, line2, len1));
+
+	while (len1 > 0 && len2 > 0) {
+		len1--;
+		len2--;
+		if (XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]) || XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2])) {
+			if ((flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE) &&
+			    (!XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]) || !XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2])))
+				return 0;
+
+			for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1]); len1--);
+			for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2]); len2--);
+		}
+		if (line1[len1] != line2[len2])
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (flags & XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE) {
+		/* Consume remaining spaces */
+		for (; len1 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line1[len1 - 1]); len1--);
+		for (; len2 > 0 && XDL_ISSPACE(line2[len2 - 1]); len2--);
+	}
+
+	/* We matched full line1 and line2 */
+	if (!len1 && !len2)
+		return 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+enum coalesce_direction { MATCH, BASE, NEW };
+
+/* Coalesce new lines into base by finding LCS */
+static struct lline *coalesce_lines(struct lline *base, int *lenbase,
+				    struct lline *new, int lennew,
+				    unsigned long parent, long flags)
+{
+	int **lcs;
+	enum coalesce_direction **directions;
+	struct lline *baseend, *newend = NULL;
+	int i, j, origbaselen = *lenbase;
+
+	if (new == NULL)
+		return base;
+
+	if (base == NULL) {
+		*lenbase = lennew;
+		return new;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Coalesce new lines into base by finding the LCS
+	 * - Create the table to run dynamic programming
+	 * - Compute the LCS
+	 * - Then reverse read the direction structure:
+	 *   - If we have MATCH, assign parent to base flag, and consume
+	 *   both baseend and newend
+	 *   - Else if we have BASE, consume baseend
+	 *   - Else if we have NEW, insert newend lline into base and
+	 *   consume newend
+	 */
+	lcs = xcalloc(origbaselen + 1, sizeof(int*));
+	directions = xcalloc(origbaselen + 1, sizeof(enum coalesce_direction*));
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++) {
+		lcs[i] = xcalloc(lennew + 1, sizeof(int));
+		directions[i] = xcalloc(lennew + 1, sizeof(enum coalesce_direction));
+		directions[i][0] = BASE;
+	}
+	for (j = 1; j < lennew + 1; j++)
+		directions[0][j] = NEW;
+
+	for (i = 1, baseend = base; i < origbaselen + 1; i++) {
+		for (j = 1, newend = new; j < lennew + 1; j++) {
+			if (match_string_spaces(baseend->line, baseend->len,
+						newend->line, newend->len, flags)) {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;
+				directions[i][j] = MATCH;
+			} else if (lcs[i][j - 1] >= lcs[i - 1][j]) {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i][j - 1];
+				directions[i][j] = NEW;
+			} else {
+				lcs[i][j] = lcs[i - 1][j];
+				directions[i][j] = BASE;
+			}
+			if (newend->next)
+				newend = newend->next;
+		}
+		if (baseend->next)
+			baseend = baseend->next;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++)
+		free(lcs[i]);
+	free(lcs);
+
+	/* At this point, baseend and newend point to the end of each lists */
+	i--;
+	j--;
+	while (i != 0 || j != 0) {
+		if (directions[i][j] == MATCH) {
+			baseend->parent_map |= 1<<parent;
+			baseend = baseend->prev;
+			newend = newend->prev;
+			i--;
+			j--;
+		} else if (directions[i][j] == NEW) {
+			struct lline *lline;
+
+			lline = newend;
+			/* Remove lline from new list and update newend */
+			if (lline->prev)
+				lline->prev->next = lline->next;
+			else
+				new = lline->next;
+			if (lline->next)
+				lline->next->prev = lline->prev;
+
+			newend = lline->prev;
+			j--;
+
+			/* Add lline to base list */
+			if (baseend) {
+				lline->next = baseend->next;
+				lline->prev = baseend;
+				if (lline->prev)
+					lline->prev->next = lline;
+			}
+			else {
+				lline->next = base;
+				base = lline;
+			}
+			(*lenbase)++;
+
+			if (lline->next)
+				lline->next->prev = lline;
+
+		} else {
+			baseend = baseend->prev;
+			i--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	newend = new;
+	while (newend) {
+		struct lline *lline = newend;
+		newend = newend->next;
+		free(lline);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < origbaselen + 1; i++)
+		free(directions[i]);
+	free(directions);
+
+	return base;
+}
+
 static char *grab_blob(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
 		       unsigned long *size, struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
 		       const char *path)
@@ -111,7 +301,7 @@ static char *grab_blob(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
 		return xcalloc(1, 1);
 	} else if (textconv) {
 		struct diff_filespec *df = alloc_filespec(path);
-		fill_filespec(df, sha1, mode);
+		fill_filespec(df, sha1, 1, mode);
 		*size = fill_textconv(textconv, df, &blob);
 		free_filespec(df);
 	} else {
@@ -129,29 +319,19 @@ static void append_lost(struct sline *sline, int n, const char *line, int len)
 	if (line[len-1] == '\n')
 		len--;
 
-	/* Check to see if we can squash things */
-	if (sline->lost_head) {
-		lline = sline->next_lost;
-		while (lline) {
-			if (lline->len == len &&
-			    !memcmp(lline->line, line, len)) {
-				lline->parent_map |= this_mask;
-				sline->next_lost = lline->next;
-				return;
-			}
-			lline = lline->next;
-		}
-	}
-
 	lline = xmalloc(sizeof(*lline) + len + 1);
 	lline->len = len;
 	lline->next = NULL;
+	lline->prev = sline->plost.lost_tail;
+	if (lline->prev)
+		lline->prev->next = lline;
+	else
+		sline->plost.lost_head = lline;
+	sline->plost.lost_tail = lline;
+	sline->plost.len++;
 	lline->parent_map = this_mask;
 	memcpy(lline->line, line, len);
 	lline->line[len] = 0;
-	*sline->lost_tail = lline;
-	sline->lost_tail = &lline->next;
-	sline->next_lost = NULL;
 }
 
 struct combine_diff_state {
@@ -194,7 +374,6 @@ static void consume_line(void *state_, char *line, unsigned long len)
 				xcalloc(state->num_parent,
 					sizeof(unsigned long));
 		state->sline[state->nb-1].p_lno[state->n] = state->ob;
-		state->lost_bucket->next_lost = state->lost_bucket->lost_head;
 		return;
 	}
 	if (!state->lost_bucket)
@@ -215,7 +394,7 @@ static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
 			 struct sline *sline, unsigned int cnt, int n,
 			 int num_parent, int result_deleted,
 			 struct userdiff_driver *textconv,
-			 const char *path)
+			 const char *path, long flags)
 {
 	unsigned int p_lno, lno;
 	unsigned long nmask = (1UL << n);
@@ -231,7 +410,7 @@ static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
 	parent_file.ptr = grab_blob(parent, mode, &sz, textconv, path);
 	parent_file.size = sz;
 	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-	xpp.flags = 0;
+	xpp.flags = flags;
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
 	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
 	state.nmask = nmask;
@@ -255,8 +434,18 @@ static void combine_diff(const unsigned char *parent, unsigned int mode,
 		struct lline *ll;
 		sline[lno].p_lno[n] = p_lno;
 
+		/* Coalesce new lines */
+		if (sline[lno].plost.lost_head) {
+			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno];
+			sl->lost = coalesce_lines(sl->lost, &sl->lenlost,
+						  sl->plost.lost_head,
+						  sl->plost.len, n, flags);
+			sl->plost.lost_head = sl->plost.lost_tail = NULL;
+			sl->plost.len = 0;
+		}
+
 		/* How many lines would this sline advance the p_lno? */
-		ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		ll = sline[lno].lost;
 		while (ll) {
 			if (ll->parent_map & nmask)
 				p_lno++; /* '-' means parent had it */
@@ -276,7 +465,7 @@ static int interesting(struct sline *sline, unsigned long all_mask)
 	/* If some parents lost lines here, or if we have added to
 	 * some parent, it is interesting.
 	 */
-	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost_head);
+	return ((sline->flag & all_mask) || sline->lost);
 }
 
 static unsigned long adjust_hunk_tail(struct sline *sline,
@@ -344,8 +533,11 @@ static int give_context(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent)
 		unsigned long k;
 
 		/* Paint a few lines before the first interesting line. */
-		while (j < i)
-			sline[j++].flag |= mark | no_pre_delete;
+		while (j < i) {
+			if (!(sline[j].flag & mark))
+				sline[j].flag |= no_pre_delete;
+			sline[j++].flag |= mark;
+		}
 
 	again:
 		/* we know up to i is to be included.  where does the
@@ -423,7 +615,7 @@ static int make_hunks(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 						     hunk_begin, j);
 				la = (la + context < cnt + 1) ?
 					(la + context) : cnt + 1;
-				while (j <= --la) {
+				while (la && j <= --la) {
 					if (sline[la].flag & mark) {
 						contin = 1;
 						break;
@@ -459,7 +651,7 @@ static int make_hunks(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 		has_interesting = 0;
 		for (j = i; j < hunk_end && !has_interesting; j++) {
 			unsigned long this_diff = sline[j].flag & all_mask;
-			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost_head;
+			struct lline *ll = sline[j].lost;
 			if (this_diff) {
 				/* This has some changes.  Is it the
 				 * same as others?
@@ -526,7 +718,8 @@ static void show_line_to_eol(const char *line, int len, const char *reset)
 	       saw_cr_at_eol ? "\r" : "");
 }
 
-static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
+static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, const char *line_prefix,
+		       unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 		       int use_color, int result_deleted)
 {
 	unsigned long mark = (1UL<<num_parent);
@@ -582,7 +775,7 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 			rlines -= null_context;
 		}
 
-		fputs(c_frag, stdout);
+		printf("%s%s", line_prefix, c_frag);
 		for (i = 0; i <= num_parent; i++) putchar(combine_marker);
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
 			show_parent_lno(sline, lno, hunk_end, i, null_context);
@@ -612,9 +805,9 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 			int j;
 			unsigned long p_mask;
 			struct sline *sl = &sline[lno++];
-			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost_head;
+			ll = (sl->flag & no_pre_delete) ? NULL : sl->lost;
 			while (ll) {
-				fputs(c_old, stdout);
+				printf("%s%s", line_prefix, c_old);
 				for (j = 0; j < num_parent; j++) {
 					if (ll->parent_map & (1UL<<j))
 						putchar('-');
@@ -627,6 +820,7 @@ static void dump_sline(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt, int num_parent,
 			if (cnt < lno)
 				break;
 			p_mask = 1;
+			fputs(line_prefix, stdout);
 			if (!(sl->flag & (mark-1))) {
 				/*
 				 * This sline was here to hang the
@@ -662,7 +856,7 @@ static void reuse_combine_diff(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 	jmask = (1UL<<j);
 
 	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt; lno++) {
-		struct lline *ll = sline->lost_head;
+		struct lline *ll = sline->lost;
 		sline->p_lno[i] = sline->p_lno[j];
 		while (ll) {
 			if (ll->parent_map & jmask)
@@ -680,11 +874,13 @@ static void reuse_combine_diff(struct sline *sline, unsigned long cnt,
 static void dump_quoted_path(const char *head,
 			     const char *prefix,
 			     const char *path,
+			     const char *line_prefix,
 			     const char *c_meta, const char *c_reset)
 {
 	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, line_prefix);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, c_meta);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, head);
 	quote_two_c_style(&buf, prefix, path, 0);
@@ -696,6 +892,7 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 				 int num_parent,
 				 int dense,
 				 struct rev_info *rev,
+				 const char *line_prefix,
 				 int mode_differs,
 				 int show_file_header)
 {
@@ -714,8 +911,8 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 		show_log(rev);
 
 	dump_quoted_path(dense ? "diff --cc " : "diff --combined ",
-			 "", elem->path, c_meta, c_reset);
-	printf("%sindex ", c_meta);
+			 "", elem->path, line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
+	printf("%s%sindex ", line_prefix, c_meta);
 	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 		abb = find_unique_abbrev(elem->parent[i].sha1,
 					 abbrev);
@@ -734,11 +931,12 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 			    DIFF_STATUS_ADDED)
 				added = 0;
 		if (added)
-			printf("%snew file mode %06o",
-			       c_meta, elem->mode);
+			printf("%s%snew file mode %06o",
+			       line_prefix, c_meta, elem->mode);
 		else {
 			if (deleted)
-				printf("%sdeleted file ", c_meta);
+				printf("%s%sdeleted file ",
+				       line_prefix, c_meta);
 			printf("mode ");
 			for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
 				printf("%s%06o", i ? "," : "",
@@ -755,16 +953,16 @@ static void show_combined_header(struct combine_diff_path *elem,
 
 	if (added)
 		dump_quoted_path("--- ", "", "/dev/null",
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	else
 		dump_quoted_path("--- ", a_prefix, elem->path,
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	if (deleted)
 		dump_quoted_path("+++ ", "", "/dev/null",
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 	else
 		dump_quoted_path("+++ ", b_prefix, elem->path,
-				 c_meta, c_reset);
+				 line_prefix, c_meta, c_reset);
 }
 
 static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
@@ -782,6 +980,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	struct userdiff_driver *userdiff;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv = NULL;
 	int is_binary;
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	context = opt->context;
 	userdiff = userdiff_find_by_path(elem->path);
@@ -823,7 +1022,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 						   &result_size, NULL, NULL);
 		} else if (textconv) {
 			struct diff_filespec *df = alloc_filespec(elem->path);
-			fill_filespec(df, null_sha1, st.st_mode);
+			fill_filespec(df, null_sha1, 0, st.st_mode);
 			result_size = fill_textconv(textconv, df, &result);
 			free_filespec(df);
 		} else if (0 <= (fd = open(elem->path, O_RDONLY))) {
@@ -901,7 +1100,7 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	}
 	if (is_binary) {
 		show_combined_header(elem, num_parent, dense, rev,
-				     mode_differs, 0);
+				     line_prefix, mode_differs, 0);
 		printf("Binary files differ\n");
 		free(result);
 		return;
@@ -916,10 +1115,6 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 
 	sline = xcalloc(cnt+2, sizeof(*sline));
 	sline[0].bol = result;
-	for (lno = 0; lno <= cnt + 1; lno++) {
-		sline[lno].lost_tail = &sline[lno].lost_head;
-		sline[lno].flag = 0;
-	}
 	for (lno = 0, cp = result; cp < result + result_size; cp++) {
 		if (*cp == '\n') {
 			sline[lno].len = cp - sline[lno].bol;
@@ -955,22 +1150,22 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 				     elem->parent[i].mode,
 				     &result_file, sline,
 				     cnt, i, num_parent, result_deleted,
-				     textconv, elem->path);
+				     textconv, elem->path, opt->xdl_opts);
 	}
 
 	show_hunks = make_hunks(sline, cnt, num_parent, dense);
 
 	if (show_hunks || mode_differs || working_tree_file) {
 		show_combined_header(elem, num_parent, dense, rev,
-				     mode_differs, 1);
-		dump_sline(sline, cnt, num_parent,
+				     line_prefix, mode_differs, 1);
+		dump_sline(sline, line_prefix, cnt, num_parent,
 			   opt->use_color, result_deleted);
 	}
 	free(result);
 
 	for (lno = 0; lno < cnt; lno++) {
-		if (sline[lno].lost_head) {
-			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost_head;
+		if (sline[lno].lost) {
+			struct lline *ll = sline[lno].lost;
 			while (ll) {
 				struct lline *tmp = ll;
 				ll = ll->next;
@@ -982,14 +1177,11 @@ static void show_patch_diff(struct combine_diff_path *elem, int num_parent,
 	free(sline);
 }
 
-#define COLONS "::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::"
-
 static void show_raw_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p, int num_parent, struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
-	int i, offset;
-	const char *prefix;
-	int line_termination, inter_name_termination;
+	int line_termination, inter_name_termination, i;
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	line_termination = opt->line_termination;
 	inter_name_termination = '\t';
@@ -999,18 +1191,18 @@ static void show_raw_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p, int num_parent, struct re
 	if (rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id)
 		show_log(rev);
 
+
 	if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_RAW) {
-		offset = strlen(COLONS) - num_parent;
-		if (offset < 0)
-			offset = 0;
-		prefix = COLONS + offset;
+		printf("%s", line_prefix);
+
+		/* As many colons as there are parents */
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			putchar(':');
 
 		/* Show the modes */
-		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
-			printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->parent[i].mode);
-			prefix = " ";
-		}
-		printf("%s%06o", prefix, p->mode);
+		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
+			printf("%06o ", p->parent[i].mode);
+		printf("%06o", p->mode);
 
 		/* Show sha1's */
 		for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++)
@@ -1040,8 +1232,7 @@ void show_combined_diff(struct combine_diff_path *p,
 		       struct rev_info *rev)
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
-	if (!p->len)
-		return;
+
 	if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
 				  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME |
 				  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS))
@@ -1105,17 +1296,96 @@ static void handle_combined_callback(struct diff_options *opt,
 	q.queue = xcalloc(num_paths, sizeof(struct diff_filepair *));
 	q.alloc = num_paths;
 	q.nr = num_paths;
-	for (i = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (!p->len)
-			continue;
+	for (i = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next)
 		q.queue[i++] = combined_pair(p, num_parent);
-	}
 	opt->format_callback(&q, opt, opt->format_callback_data);
 	for (i = 0; i < num_paths; i++)
 		free_combined_pair(q.queue[i]);
 	free(q.queue);
 }
 
+static const char *path_path(void *obj)
+{
+	struct combine_diff_path *path = (struct combine_diff_path *)obj;
+
+	return path->path;
+}
+
+
+/* find set of paths that every parent touches */
+static struct combine_diff_path *find_paths_generic(const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const struct sha1_array *parents, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	struct combine_diff_path *paths = NULL;
+	int i, num_parent = parents->nr;
+
+	int output_format = opt->output_format;
+	const char *orderfile = opt->orderfile;
+
+	opt->output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	/* tell diff_tree to emit paths in sorted (=tree) order */
+	opt->orderfile = NULL;
+
+	/* D(A,P1...Pn) = D(A,P1) ^ ... ^ D(A,Pn)  (wrt paths) */
+	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
+		/*
+		 * show stat against the first parent even when doing
+		 * combined diff.
+		 */
+		int stat_opt = (output_format &
+				(DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT|DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT));
+		if (i == 0 && stat_opt)
+			opt->output_format = stat_opt;
+		else
+			opt->output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+		diff_tree_sha1(parents->sha1[i], sha1, "", opt);
+		diffcore_std(opt);
+		paths = intersect_paths(paths, i, num_parent);
+
+		/* if showing diff, show it in requested order */
+		if (opt->output_format != DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT &&
+		    orderfile) {
+			diffcore_order(orderfile);
+		}
+
+		diff_flush(opt);
+	}
+
+	opt->output_format = output_format;
+	opt->orderfile = orderfile;
+	return paths;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * find set of paths that everybody touches, assuming diff is run without
+ * rename/copy detection, etc, comparing all trees simultaneously (= faster).
+ */
+static struct combine_diff_path *find_paths_multitree(
+	const unsigned char *sha1, const struct sha1_array *parents,
+	struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int i, nparent = parents->nr;
+	const unsigned char **parents_sha1;
+	struct combine_diff_path paths_head;
+	struct strbuf base;
+
+	parents_sha1 = xmalloc(nparent * sizeof(parents_sha1[0]));
+	for (i = 0; i < nparent; i++)
+		parents_sha1[i] = parents->sha1[i];
+
+	/* fake list head, so worker can assume it is non-NULL */
+	paths_head.next = NULL;
+
+	strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX);
+	diff_tree_paths(&paths_head, sha1, parents_sha1, nparent, &base, opt);
+
+	strbuf_release(&base);
+	free(parents_sha1);
+	return paths_head.next;
+}
+
+
 void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
 			const struct sha1_array *parents,
 			int dense,
@@ -1123,52 +1393,116 @@ void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
 {
 	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
 	struct diff_options diffopts;
-	struct combine_diff_path *p, *paths = NULL;
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, *paths;
 	int i, num_paths, needsep, show_log_first, num_parent = parents->nr;
+	int need_generic_pathscan;
+
+	/* nothing to do, if no parents */
+	if (!num_parent)
+		return;
+
+	show_log_first = !!rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id;
+	needsep = 0;
+	if (show_log_first) {
+		show_log(rev);
+
+		if (rev->verbose_header && opt->output_format &&
+		    opt->output_format != DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT &&
+		    !commit_format_is_empty(rev->commit_format))
+			printf("%s%c", diff_line_prefix(opt),
+			       opt->line_termination);
+	}
 
 	diffopts = *opt;
-	diffopts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	copy_pathspec(&diffopts.pathspec, &opt->pathspec);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diffopts, RECURSIVE);
 	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&diffopts, ALLOW_EXTERNAL);
 
-	show_log_first = !!rev->loginfo && !rev->no_commit_id;
-	needsep = 0;
-	/* find set of paths that everybody touches */
-	for (i = 0; i < num_parent; i++) {
-		/* show stat against the first parent even
+	/* find set of paths that everybody touches
+	 *
+	 * NOTE
+	 *
+	 * Diffcore transformations are bound to diff_filespec and logic
+	 * comparing two entries - i.e. they do not apply directly to combine
+	 * diff.
+	 *
+	 * If some of such transformations is requested - we launch generic
+	 * path scanning, which works significantly slower compared to
+	 * simultaneous all-trees-in-one-go scan in find_paths_multitree().
+	 *
+	 * TODO some of the filters could be ported to work on
+	 * combine_diff_paths - i.e. all functionality that skips paths, so in
+	 * theory, we could end up having only multitree path scanning.
+	 *
+	 * NOTE please keep this semantically in sync with diffcore_std()
+	 */
+	need_generic_pathscan = opt->skip_stat_unmatch	||
+			DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FOLLOW_RENAMES)	||
+			opt->break_opt != -1	||
+			opt->detect_rename	||
+			opt->pickaxe		||
+			opt->filter;
+
+
+	if (need_generic_pathscan) {
+		/*
+		 * NOTE generic case also handles --stat, as it computes
+		 * diff(sha1,parent_i) for all i to do the job, specifically
+		 * for parent0.
+		 */
+		paths = find_paths_generic(sha1, parents, &diffopts);
+	}
+	else {
+		int stat_opt;
+		paths = find_paths_multitree(sha1, parents, &diffopts);
+
+		/*
+		 * show stat against the first parent even
 		 * when doing combined diff.
 		 */
-		int stat_opt = (opt->output_format &
+		stat_opt = (opt->output_format &
 				(DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT|DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT));
-		if (i == 0 && stat_opt)
+		if (stat_opt) {
 			diffopts.output_format = stat_opt;
-		else
-			diffopts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-		diff_tree_sha1(parents->sha1[i], sha1, "", &diffopts);
-		diffcore_std(&diffopts);
-		paths = intersect_paths(paths, i, num_parent);
 
-		if (show_log_first && i == 0) {
-			show_log(rev);
-			if (rev->verbose_header && opt->output_format)
-				putchar(opt->line_termination);
+			diff_tree_sha1(parents->sha1[0], sha1, "", &diffopts);
+			diffcore_std(&diffopts);
+			if (opt->orderfile)
+				diffcore_order(opt->orderfile);
+			diff_flush(&diffopts);
 		}
-		diff_flush(&diffopts);
 	}
 
-	/* find out surviving paths */
-	for (num_paths = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (p->len)
-			num_paths++;
+	/* find out number of surviving paths */
+	for (num_paths = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next)
+		num_paths++;
+
+	/* order paths according to diffcore_order */
+	if (opt->orderfile && num_paths) {
+		struct obj_order *o;
+
+		o = xmalloc(sizeof(*o) * num_paths);
+		for (i = 0, p = paths; p; p = p->next, i++)
+			o[i].obj = p;
+		order_objects(opt->orderfile, path_path, o, num_paths);
+		for (i = 0; i < num_paths - 1; i++) {
+			p = o[i].obj;
+			p->next = o[i+1].obj;
+		}
+
+		p = o[num_paths-1].obj;
+		p->next = NULL;
+		paths = o[0].obj;
+		free(o);
 	}
+
+
 	if (num_paths) {
 		if (opt->output_format & (DIFF_FORMAT_RAW |
 					  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME |
 					  DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
-			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
-				if (p->len)
-					show_raw_diff(p, num_parent, rev);
-			}
+			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next)
+				show_raw_diff(p, num_parent, rev);
 			needsep = 1;
 		}
 		else if (opt->output_format &
@@ -1179,12 +1513,11 @@ void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 		if (opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
 			if (needsep)
-				putchar(opt->line_termination);
-			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next) {
-				if (p->len)
-					show_patch_diff(p, num_parent, dense,
-							0, rev);
-			}
+				printf("%s%c", diff_line_prefix(opt),
+				       opt->line_termination);
+			for (p = paths; p; p = p->next)
+				show_patch_diff(p, num_parent, dense,
+						0, rev);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1194,12 +1527,14 @@ void diff_tree_combined(const unsigned char *sha1,
 		paths = paths->next;
 		free(tmp);
 	}
+
+	free_pathspec(&diffopts.pathspec);
 }
 
 void diff_tree_combined_merge(const struct commit *commit, int dense,
 			      struct rev_info *rev)
 {
-	struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
+	struct commit_list *parent = get_saved_parents(rev, commit);
 	struct sha1_array parents = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
 
 	while (parent) {
diff --git a/command-list.txt b/command-list.txt
index a36ee9b015..f1eae0810d 100644
--- a/command-list.txt
+++ b/command-list.txt
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ git-branch                              mainporcelain common
 git-bundle                              mainporcelain
 git-cat-file                            plumbinginterrogators
 git-check-attr                          purehelpers
+git-check-ignore                        purehelpers
+git-check-mailmap                       purehelpers
 git-checkout                            mainporcelain common
 git-checkout-index                      plumbingmanipulators
 git-check-ref-format                    purehelpers
@@ -20,10 +22,14 @@ git-cherry-pick                         mainporcelain
 git-citool                              mainporcelain
 git-clean                               mainporcelain
 git-clone                               mainporcelain common
+git-column                              purehelpers
 git-commit                              mainporcelain common
 git-commit-tree                         plumbingmanipulators
 git-config                              ancillarymanipulators
 git-count-objects                       ancillaryinterrogators
+git-credential                          purehelpers
+git-credential-cache                    purehelpers
+git-credential-store                    purehelpers
 git-cvsexportcommit                     foreignscminterface
 git-cvsimport                           foreignscminterface
 git-cvsserver                           foreignscminterface
@@ -56,9 +62,9 @@ git-imap-send                           foreignscminterface
 git-index-pack                          plumbingmanipulators
 git-init                                mainporcelain common
 git-instaweb                            ancillaryinterrogators
+git-interpret-trailers                  purehelpers
 gitk                                    mainporcelain
 git-log                                 mainporcelain common
-git-lost-found                          ancillarymanipulators	deprecated
 git-ls-files                            plumbinginterrogators
 git-ls-remote                           plumbinginterrogators
 git-ls-tree                             plumbinginterrogators
@@ -76,12 +82,12 @@ git-mktree                              plumbingmanipulators
 git-mv                                  mainporcelain common
 git-name-rev                            plumbinginterrogators
 git-notes                               mainporcelain
+git-p4                                  foreignscminterface
 git-pack-objects                        plumbingmanipulators
 git-pack-redundant                      plumbinginterrogators
 git-pack-refs                           ancillarymanipulators
 git-parse-remote                        synchelpers
 git-patch-id                            purehelpers
-git-peek-remote                         purehelpers	deprecated
 git-prune                               ancillarymanipulators
 git-prune-packed                        plumbingmanipulators
 git-pull                                mainporcelain common
@@ -95,7 +101,6 @@ git-relink                              ancillarymanipulators
 git-remote                              ancillarymanipulators
 git-repack                              ancillarymanipulators
 git-replace                             ancillarymanipulators
-git-repo-config                         ancillarymanipulators	deprecated
 git-request-pull                        foreignscminterface
 git-rerere                              ancillaryinterrogators
 git-reset                               mainporcelain common
@@ -111,6 +116,7 @@ git-show                                mainporcelain common
 git-show-branch                         ancillaryinterrogators
 git-show-index                          plumbinginterrogators
 git-show-ref                            plumbinginterrogators
+git-sh-i18n                             purehelpers
 git-sh-setup                            purehelpers
 git-stash                               mainporcelain
 git-status                              mainporcelain common
@@ -119,7 +125,6 @@ git-submodule                           mainporcelain
 git-svn                                 foreignscminterface
 git-symbolic-ref                        plumbingmanipulators
 git-tag                                 mainporcelain common
-git-tar-tree                            plumbinginterrogators	deprecated
 git-unpack-file                         plumbinginterrogators
 git-unpack-objects                      plumbingmanipulators
 git-update-index                        plumbingmanipulators
@@ -128,6 +133,7 @@ git-update-server-info                  synchingrepositories
 git-upload-archive                      synchelpers
 git-upload-pack                         synchelpers
 git-var                                 plumbinginterrogators
+git-verify-commit                       ancillaryinterrogators
 git-verify-pack                         plumbinginterrogators
 git-verify-tag                          ancillaryinterrogators
 gitweb                                  ancillaryinterrogators
diff --git a/commit-slab.h b/commit-slab.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f37ec3831f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/commit-slab.h
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#ifndef COMMIT_SLAB_H
+#define COMMIT_SLAB_H
+
+/*
+ * define_commit_slab(slabname, elemtype) creates boilerplate code to define
+ * a new struct (struct slabname) that is used to associate a piece of data
+ * of elemtype to commits, and a few functions to use that struct.
+ *
+ * After including this header file, using:
+ *
+ * define_commit_slab(indegee, int);
+ *
+ * will let you call the following functions:
+ *
+ * - int *indegree_at(struct indegree *, struct commit *);
+ *
+ *   This function locates the data associated with the given commit in
+ *   the indegree slab, and returns the pointer to it.
+ *
+ * - void init_indegree(struct indegree *);
+ *   void init_indegree_with_stride(struct indegree *, int);
+ *
+ *   Initializes the indegree slab that associates an array of integers
+ *   to each commit. 'stride' specifies how big each array is.  The slab
+ *   that is initialized by the variant without "_with_stride" associates
+ *   each commit with an array of one integer.
+ *
+ * - void clear_indegree(struct indegree *);
+ *
+ *   Empties the slab.  The slab can be reused with the same stride
+ *   without calling init_indegree() again or can be reconfigured to a
+ *   different stride by calling init_indegree_with_stride().
+ *
+ *   Call this function before the slab falls out of scope to avoid
+ *   leaking memory.
+ */
+
+/* allocate ~512kB at once, allowing for malloc overhead */
+#ifndef COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE
+#define COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE (512*1024-32)
+#endif
+
+#define MAYBE_UNUSED __attribute__((__unused__))
+
+#define define_commit_slab(slabname, elemtype) 				\
+									\
+struct slabname {							\
+	unsigned slab_size;						\
+	unsigned stride;						\
+	unsigned slab_count;						\
+	elemtype **slab;						\
+};									\
+static int stat_ ##slabname## realloc;					\
+									\
+static MAYBE_UNUSED void init_ ##slabname## _with_stride(struct slabname *s, \
+						   unsigned stride)	\
+{									\
+	unsigned int elem_size;						\
+	if (!stride)							\
+		stride = 1;						\
+	s->stride = stride;						\
+	elem_size = sizeof(elemtype) * stride;				\
+	s->slab_size = COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE / elem_size;			\
+	s->slab_count = 0;						\
+	s->slab = NULL;							\
+}									\
+									\
+static MAYBE_UNUSED void init_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s)		\
+{									\
+	init_ ##slabname## _with_stride(s, 1);				\
+}									\
+									\
+static MAYBE_UNUSED void clear_ ##slabname(struct slabname *s)		\
+{									\
+	int i;								\
+	for (i = 0; i < s->slab_count; i++)				\
+		free(s->slab[i]);					\
+	s->slab_count = 0;						\
+	free(s->slab);							\
+	s->slab = NULL;							\
+}									\
+									\
+static MAYBE_UNUSED elemtype *slabname## _at(struct slabname *s,	\
+				       const struct commit *c)		\
+{									\
+	int nth_slab, nth_slot;						\
+									\
+	nth_slab = c->index / s->slab_size;				\
+	nth_slot = c->index % s->slab_size;				\
+									\
+	if (s->slab_count <= nth_slab) {				\
+		int i;							\
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(s->slab, nth_slab + 1);			\
+		stat_ ##slabname## realloc++;				\
+		for (i = s->slab_count; i <= nth_slab; i++)		\
+			s->slab[i] = NULL;				\
+		s->slab_count = nth_slab + 1;				\
+	}								\
+	if (!s->slab[nth_slab])						\
+		s->slab[nth_slab] = xcalloc(s->slab_size,		\
+					    sizeof(**s->slab) * s->stride);		\
+	return &s->slab[nth_slab][nth_slot * s->stride];				\
+}									\
+									\
+static int stat_ ##slabname## realloc
+
+/*
+ * Note that this seemingly redundant second declaration is required
+ * to allow a terminating semicolon, which makes instantiations look
+ * like function declarations.  I.e., the expansion of
+ *
+ *    define_commit_slab(indegree, int);
+ *
+ * ends in 'static int stat_indegreerealloc;'.  This would otherwise
+ * be a syntax error according (at least) to ISO C.  It's hard to
+ * catch because GCC silently parses it by default.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Statically initialize a commit slab named "var". Note that this
+ * evaluates "stride" multiple times! Example:
+ *
+ *   struct indegree indegrees = COMMIT_SLAB_INIT(1, indegrees);
+ *
+ */
+#define COMMIT_SLAB_INIT(stride, var) { \
+	COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE / sizeof(**((var).slab)) / (stride), \
+	(stride), 0, NULL \
+}
+
+#endif /* COMMIT_SLAB_H */
diff --git a/commit.c b/commit.c
index 4b39c19123..a8c7577d28 100644
--- a/commit.c
+++ b/commit.c
@@ -7,24 +7,17 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "notes.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
+
+static struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buf, size_t len, const char **);
 
 int save_commit_buffer = 1;
 
 const char *commit_type = "commit";
 
-static struct commit *check_commit(struct object *obj,
-				   const unsigned char *sha1,
-				   int quiet)
-{
-	if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT) {
-		if (!quiet)
-			error("Object %s is a %s, not a commit",
-			      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return (struct commit *) obj;
-}
-
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_gently(const unsigned char *sha1,
 					      int quiet)
 {
@@ -32,7 +25,7 @@ struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_gently(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 	if (!obj)
 		return NULL;
-	return check_commit(obj, sha1, quiet);
+	return object_as_type(obj, OBJ_COMMIT, quiet);
 }
 
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference(const unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -56,10 +49,8 @@ struct commit *lookup_commit(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
-		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_COMMIT, alloc_commit_node());
-	if (!obj->type)
-		obj->type = OBJ_COMMIT;
-	return check_commit(obj, sha1, 0);
+		return create_object(sha1, alloc_commit_node());
+	return object_as_type(obj, OBJ_COMMIT, 0);
 }
 
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_by_name(const char *name)
@@ -67,10 +58,10 @@ struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_by_name(const char *name)
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct commit *commit;
 
-	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(name, sha1))
 		return NULL;
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-	if (!commit || parse_commit(commit))
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
 		return NULL;
 	return commit;
 }
@@ -105,23 +96,16 @@ static unsigned long parse_commit_date(const char *buf, const char *tail)
 static struct commit_graft **commit_graft;
 static int commit_graft_alloc, commit_graft_nr;
 
+static const unsigned char *commit_graft_sha1_access(size_t index, void *table)
+{
+	struct commit_graft **commit_graft_table = table;
+	return commit_graft_table[index]->sha1;
+}
+
 static int commit_graft_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	int lo, hi;
-	lo = 0;
-	hi = commit_graft_nr;
-	while (lo < hi) {
-		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
-		struct commit_graft *graft = commit_graft[mi];
-		int cmp = hashcmp(sha1, graft->sha1);
-		if (!cmp)
-			return mi;
-		if (cmp < 0)
-			hi = mi;
-		else
-			lo = mi + 1;
-	}
-	return -lo - 1;
+	return sha1_pos(sha1, commit_graft, commit_graft_nr,
+			commit_graft_sha1_access);
 }
 
 int register_commit_graft(struct commit_graft *graft, int ignore_dups)
@@ -138,12 +122,8 @@ int register_commit_graft(struct commit_graft *graft, int ignore_dups)
 		return 1;
 	}
 	pos = -pos - 1;
-	if (commit_graft_alloc <= ++commit_graft_nr) {
-		commit_graft_alloc = alloc_nr(commit_graft_alloc);
-		commit_graft = xrealloc(commit_graft,
-					sizeof(*commit_graft) *
-					commit_graft_alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(commit_graft, commit_graft_nr + 1, commit_graft_alloc);
+	commit_graft_nr++;
 	if (pos < commit_graft_nr)
 		memmove(commit_graft + pos + 1,
 			commit_graft + pos,
@@ -187,19 +167,19 @@ bad_graft_data:
 static int read_graft_file(const char *graft_file)
 {
 	FILE *fp = fopen(graft_file, "r");
-	char buf[1024];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	if (!fp)
 		return -1;
-	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
+	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&buf, fp, '\n')) {
 		/* The format is just "Commit Parent1 Parent2 ...\n" */
-		int len = strlen(buf);
-		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf, len);
+		struct commit_graft *graft = read_graft_line(buf.buf, buf.len);
 		if (!graft)
 			continue;
 		if (register_commit_graft(graft, 1))
-			error("duplicate graft data: %s", buf);
+			error("duplicate graft data: %s", buf.buf);
 	}
 	fclose(fp);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -248,6 +228,76 @@ int unregister_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct commit_buffer {
+	void *buffer;
+	unsigned long size;
+};
+define_commit_slab(buffer_slab, struct commit_buffer);
+static struct buffer_slab buffer_slab = COMMIT_SLAB_INIT(1, buffer_slab);
+
+void set_commit_buffer(struct commit *commit, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
+{
+	struct commit_buffer *v = buffer_slab_at(&buffer_slab, commit);
+	v->buffer = buffer;
+	v->size = size;
+}
+
+const void *get_cached_commit_buffer(const struct commit *commit, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	struct commit_buffer *v = buffer_slab_at(&buffer_slab, commit);
+	if (sizep)
+		*sizep = v->size;
+	return v->buffer;
+}
+
+const void *get_commit_buffer(const struct commit *commit, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	const void *ret = get_cached_commit_buffer(commit, sizep);
+	if (!ret) {
+		enum object_type type;
+		unsigned long size;
+		ret = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!ret)
+			die("cannot read commit object %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		if (type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("expected commit for %s, got %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), typename(type));
+		if (sizep)
+			*sizep = size;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void unuse_commit_buffer(const struct commit *commit, const void *buffer)
+{
+	struct commit_buffer *v = buffer_slab_at(&buffer_slab, commit);
+	if (v->buffer != buffer)
+		free((void *)buffer);
+}
+
+void free_commit_buffer(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_buffer *v = buffer_slab_at(&buffer_slab, commit);
+	free(v->buffer);
+	v->buffer = NULL;
+	v->size = 0;
+}
+
+const void *detach_commit_buffer(struct commit *commit, unsigned long *sizep)
+{
+	struct commit_buffer *v = buffer_slab_at(&buffer_slab, commit);
+	void *ret;
+
+	ret = v->buffer;
+	if (sizep)
+		*sizep = v->size;
+
+	v->buffer = NULL;
+	v->size = 0;
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, const void *buffer, unsigned long size)
 {
 	const char *tail = buffer;
@@ -325,13 +375,20 @@ int parse_commit(struct commit *item)
 	}
 	ret = parse_commit_buffer(item, buffer, size);
 	if (save_commit_buffer && !ret) {
-		item->buffer = buffer;
+		set_commit_buffer(item, buffer, size);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	free(buffer);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void parse_commit_or_die(struct commit *item)
+{
+	if (parse_commit(item))
+		die("unable to parse commit %s",
+		    item ? sha1_to_hex(item->object.sha1) : "(null)");
+}
+
 int find_commit_subject(const char *commit_buffer, const char **subject)
 {
 	const char *eol;
@@ -368,6 +425,17 @@ unsigned commit_list_count(const struct commit_list *l)
 	return c;
 }
 
+struct commit_list *copy_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
+{
+	struct commit_list *head = NULL;
+	struct commit_list **pp = &head;
+	while (list) {
+		pp = commit_list_append(list->item, pp);
+		list = list->next;
+	}
+	return head;
+}
+
 void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list)
 {
 	while (list) {
@@ -390,15 +458,31 @@ struct commit_list * commit_list_insert_by_date(struct commit *item, struct comm
 	return commit_list_insert(item, pp);
 }
 
+static int commit_list_compare_by_date(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	unsigned long a_date = ((const struct commit_list *)a)->item->date;
+	unsigned long b_date = ((const struct commit_list *)b)->item->date;
+	if (a_date < b_date)
+		return 1;
+	if (a_date > b_date)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void *commit_list_get_next(const void *a)
+{
+	return ((const struct commit_list *)a)->next;
+}
+
+static void commit_list_set_next(void *a, void *next)
+{
+	((struct commit_list *)a)->next = next;
+}
 
 void commit_list_sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list)
 {
-	struct commit_list *ret = NULL;
-	while (*list) {
-		commit_list_insert_by_date((*list)->item, &ret);
-		*list = (*list)->next;
-	}
-	*list = ret;
+	*list = llist_mergesort(*list, commit_list_get_next, commit_list_set_next,
+				commit_list_compare_by_date);
 }
 
 struct commit *pop_most_recent_commit(struct commit_list **list,
@@ -444,14 +528,23 @@ static void clear_commit_marks_1(struct commit_list **plist,
 	}
 }
 
-void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+void clear_commit_marks_many(int nr, struct commit **commit, unsigned int mark)
 {
 	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
-	commit_list_insert(commit, &list);
+
+	while (nr--) {
+		commit_list_insert(*commit, &list);
+		commit++;
+	}
 	while (list)
 		clear_commit_marks_1(&list, pop_commit(&list), mark);
 }
 
+void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark)
+{
+	clear_commit_marks_many(1, &commit, mark);
+}
+
 void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark)
 {
 	struct object *object;
@@ -479,32 +572,119 @@ struct commit *pop_commit(struct commit_list **stack)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Topological sort support
+ */
+
+/* count number of children that have not been emitted */
+define_commit_slab(indegree_slab, int);
+
+/* record author-date for each commit object */
+define_commit_slab(author_date_slab, unsigned long);
+
+static void record_author_date(struct author_date_slab *author_date,
+			       struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const char *buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	const char *ident_line;
+	size_t ident_len;
+	char *date_end;
+	unsigned long date;
+
+	ident_line = find_commit_header(buffer, "author", &ident_len);
+	if (!ident_line)
+		goto fail_exit; /* no author line */
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, ident_line, ident_len) ||
+	    !ident.date_begin || !ident.date_end)
+		goto fail_exit; /* malformed "author" line */
+
+	date = strtoul(ident.date_begin, &date_end, 10);
+	if (date_end != ident.date_end)
+		goto fail_exit; /* malformed date */
+	*(author_date_slab_at(author_date, commit)) = date;
+
+fail_exit:
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
+}
+
+static int compare_commits_by_author_date(const void *a_, const void *b_,
+					  void *cb_data)
+{
+	const struct commit *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	struct author_date_slab *author_date = cb_data;
+	unsigned long a_date = *(author_date_slab_at(author_date, a));
+	unsigned long b_date = *(author_date_slab_at(author_date, b));
+
+	/* newer commits with larger date first */
+	if (a_date < b_date)
+		return 1;
+	else if (a_date > b_date)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int compare_commits_by_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused)
+{
+	const struct commit *a = a_, *b = b_;
+	/* newer commits with larger date first */
+	if (a->date < b->date)
+		return 1;
+	else if (a->date > b->date)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
  * Performs an in-place topological sort on the list supplied.
  */
-void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
+void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list **list, enum rev_sort_order sort_order)
 {
 	struct commit_list *next, *orig = *list;
-	struct commit_list *work, **insert;
 	struct commit_list **pptr;
+	struct indegree_slab indegree;
+	struct prio_queue queue;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct author_date_slab author_date;
 
 	if (!orig)
 		return;
 	*list = NULL;
 
+	init_indegree_slab(&indegree);
+	memset(&queue, '\0', sizeof(queue));
+
+	switch (sort_order) {
+	default: /* REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER */
+		queue.compare = NULL;
+		break;
+	case REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE:
+		queue.compare = compare_commits_by_commit_date;
+		break;
+	case REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE:
+		init_author_date_slab(&author_date);
+		queue.compare = compare_commits_by_author_date;
+		queue.cb_data = &author_date;
+		break;
+	}
+
 	/* Mark them and clear the indegree */
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = next->item;
-		commit->indegree = 1;
+		*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) = 1;
+		/* also record the author dates, if needed */
+		if (sort_order == REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE)
+			record_author_date(&author_date, commit);
 	}
 
 	/* update the indegree */
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
-		struct commit_list * parents = next->item->parents;
+		struct commit_list *parents = next->item->parents;
 		while (parents) {
 			struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+			int *pi = indegree_slab_at(&indegree, parent);
 
-			if (parent->indegree)
-				parent->indegree++;
+			if (*pi)
+				(*pi)++;
 			parents = parents->next;
 		}
 	}
@@ -516,34 +696,33 @@ void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
 	 *
 	 * the tips serve as a starting set for the work queue.
 	 */
-	work = NULL;
-	insert = &work;
 	for (next = orig; next; next = next->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = next->item;
 
-		if (commit->indegree == 1)
-			insert = &commit_list_insert(commit, insert)->next;
+		if (*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) == 1)
+			prio_queue_put(&queue, commit);
 	}
 
-	/* process the list in topological order */
-	if (!lifo)
-		commit_list_sort_by_date(&work);
+	/*
+	 * This is unfortunate; the initial tips need to be shown
+	 * in the order given from the revision traversal machinery.
+	 */
+	if (sort_order == REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER)
+		prio_queue_reverse(&queue);
+
+	/* We no longer need the commit list */
+	free_commit_list(orig);
 
 	pptr = list;
 	*list = NULL;
-	while (work) {
-		struct commit *commit;
-		struct commit_list *parents, *work_item;
-
-		work_item = work;
-		work = work_item->next;
-		work_item->next = NULL;
+	while ((commit = prio_queue_get(&queue)) != NULL) {
+		struct commit_list *parents;
 
-		commit = work_item->item;
 		for (parents = commit->parents; parents ; parents = parents->next) {
 			struct commit *parent = parents->item;
+			int *pi = indegree_slab_at(&indegree, parent);
 
-			if (!parent->indegree)
+			if (!*pi)
 				continue;
 
 			/*
@@ -551,26 +730,27 @@ void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
 			 * when all their children have been emitted thereby
 			 * guaranteeing topological order.
 			 */
-			if (--parent->indegree == 1) {
-				if (!lifo)
-					commit_list_insert_by_date(parent, &work);
-				else
-					commit_list_insert(parent, &work);
-			}
+			if (--(*pi) == 1)
+				prio_queue_put(&queue, parent);
 		}
 		/*
-		 * work_item is a commit all of whose children
-		 * have already been emitted. we can emit it now.
+		 * all children of commit have already been
+		 * emitted. we can emit it now.
 		 */
-		commit->indegree = 0;
-		*pptr = work_item;
-		pptr = &work_item->next;
+		*(indegree_slab_at(&indegree, commit)) = 0;
+
+		pptr = &commit_list_insert(commit, pptr)->next;
 	}
+
+	clear_indegree_slab(&indegree);
+	clear_prio_queue(&queue);
+	if (sort_order == REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE)
+		clear_author_date_slab(&author_date);
 }
 
 /* merge-base stuff */
 
-/* bits #0..15 in revision.h */
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define PARENT1		(1u<<16)
 #define PARENT2		(1u<<17)
 #define STALE		(1u<<18)
@@ -578,58 +758,41 @@ void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo)
 
 static const unsigned all_flags = (PARENT1 | PARENT2 | STALE | RESULT);
 
-static struct commit *interesting(struct commit_list *list)
+static int queue_has_nonstale(struct prio_queue *queue)
 {
-	while (list) {
-		struct commit *commit = list->item;
-		list = list->next;
-		if (commit->object.flags & STALE)
-			continue;
-		return commit;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < queue->nr; i++) {
+		struct commit *commit = queue->array[i].data;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & STALE))
+			return 1;
 	}
-	return NULL;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
+/* all input commits in one and twos[] must have been parsed! */
+static struct commit_list *paint_down_to_common(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
 {
-	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+	struct prio_queue queue = { compare_commits_by_commit_date };
 	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-		if (one == twos[i])
-			/*
-			 * We do not mark this even with RESULT so we do not
-			 * have to clean it up.
-			 */
-			return commit_list_insert(one, &result);
+	one->object.flags |= PARENT1;
+	if (!n) {
+		commit_list_append(one, &result);
+		return result;
 	}
+	prio_queue_put(&queue, one);
 
-	if (parse_commit(one))
-		return NULL;
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-		if (parse_commit(twos[i]))
-			return NULL;
-	}
-
-	one->object.flags |= PARENT1;
-	commit_list_insert_by_date(one, &list);
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		twos[i]->object.flags |= PARENT2;
-		commit_list_insert_by_date(twos[i], &list);
+		prio_queue_put(&queue, twos[i]);
 	}
 
-	while (interesting(list)) {
-		struct commit *commit;
+	while (queue_has_nonstale(&queue)) {
+		struct commit *commit = prio_queue_get(&queue);
 		struct commit_list *parents;
-		struct commit_list *next;
 		int flags;
 
-		commit = list->item;
-		next = list->next;
-		free(list);
-		list = next;
-
 		flags = commit->object.flags & (PARENT1 | PARENT2 | STALE);
 		if (flags == (PARENT1 | PARENT2)) {
 			if (!(commit->object.flags & RESULT)) {
@@ -648,13 +811,38 @@ static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct co
 			if (parse_commit(p))
 				return NULL;
 			p->object.flags |= flags;
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(p, &list);
+			prio_queue_put(&queue, p);
 		}
 	}
 
-	/* Clean up the result to remove stale ones */
-	free_commit_list(list);
-	list = result; result = NULL;
+	clear_prio_queue(&queue);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (one == twos[i])
+			/*
+			 * We do not mark this even with RESULT so we do not
+			 * have to clean it up.
+			 */
+			return commit_list_insert(one, &result);
+	}
+
+	if (parse_commit(one))
+		return NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (parse_commit(twos[i]))
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	list = paint_down_to_common(one, n, twos);
+
 	while (list) {
 		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
 		if (!(list->item->object.flags & STALE))
@@ -668,39 +856,95 @@ static struct commit_list *merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct co
 struct commit_list *get_octopus_merge_bases(struct commit_list *in)
 {
 	struct commit_list *i, *j, *k, *ret = NULL;
-	struct commit_list **pptr = &ret;
 
-	for (i = in; i; i = i->next) {
-		if (!ret)
-			pptr = &commit_list_insert(i->item, pptr)->next;
-		else {
-			struct commit_list *new = NULL, *end = NULL;
-
-			for (j = ret; j; j = j->next) {
-				struct commit_list *bases;
-				bases = get_merge_bases(i->item, j->item, 1);
-				if (!new)
-					new = bases;
-				else
-					end->next = bases;
-				for (k = bases; k; k = k->next)
-					end = k;
-			}
-			ret = new;
+	if (!in)
+		return ret;
+
+	commit_list_insert(in->item, &ret);
+
+	for (i = in->next; i; i = i->next) {
+		struct commit_list *new = NULL, *end = NULL;
+
+		for (j = ret; j; j = j->next) {
+			struct commit_list *bases;
+			bases = get_merge_bases(i->item, j->item);
+			if (!new)
+				new = bases;
+			else
+				end->next = bases;
+			for (k = bases; k; k = k->next)
+				end = k;
 		}
+		ret = new;
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
 
-struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
-					 int n,
-					 struct commit **twos,
-					 int cleanup)
+static int remove_redundant(struct commit **array, int cnt)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Some commit in the array may be an ancestor of
+	 * another commit.  Move such commit to the end of
+	 * the array, and return the number of commits that
+	 * are independent from each other.
+	 */
+	struct commit **work;
+	unsigned char *redundant;
+	int *filled_index;
+	int i, j, filled;
+
+	work = xcalloc(cnt, sizeof(*work));
+	redundant = xcalloc(cnt, 1);
+	filled_index = xmalloc(sizeof(*filled_index) * (cnt - 1));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		parse_commit(array[i]);
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		struct commit_list *common;
+
+		if (redundant[i])
+			continue;
+		for (j = filled = 0; j < cnt; j++) {
+			if (i == j || redundant[j])
+				continue;
+			filled_index[filled] = j;
+			work[filled++] = array[j];
+		}
+		common = paint_down_to_common(array[i], filled, work);
+		if (array[i]->object.flags & PARENT2)
+			redundant[i] = 1;
+		for (j = 0; j < filled; j++)
+			if (work[j]->object.flags & PARENT1)
+				redundant[filled_index[j]] = 1;
+		clear_commit_marks(array[i], all_flags);
+		for (j = 0; j < filled; j++)
+			clear_commit_marks(work[j], all_flags);
+		free_commit_list(common);
+	}
+
+	/* Now collect the result */
+	memcpy(work, array, sizeof(*array) * cnt);
+	for (i = filled = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		if (!redundant[i])
+			array[filled++] = work[i];
+	for (j = filled, i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		if (redundant[i])
+			array[j++] = work[i];
+	free(work);
+	free(redundant);
+	free(filled_index);
+	return filled;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many_0(struct commit *one,
+						  int n,
+						  struct commit **twos,
+						  int cleanup)
 {
 	struct commit_list *list;
 	struct commit **rslt;
 	struct commit_list *result;
-	int cnt, i, j;
+	int cnt, i;
 
 	result = merge_bases_many(one, n, twos);
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
@@ -710,59 +954,51 @@ struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
 	if (!result || !result->next) {
 		if (cleanup) {
 			clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
-			for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-				clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
+			clear_commit_marks_many(n, twos, all_flags);
 		}
 		return result;
 	}
 
 	/* There are more than one */
-	cnt = 0;
-	list = result;
-	while (list) {
-		list = list->next;
-		cnt++;
-	}
+	cnt = commit_list_count(result);
 	rslt = xcalloc(cnt, sizeof(*rslt));
 	for (list = result, i = 0; list; list = list->next)
 		rslt[i++] = list->item;
 	free_commit_list(result);
 
 	clear_commit_marks(one, all_flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
-		clear_commit_marks(twos[i], all_flags);
-	for (i = 0; i < cnt - 1; i++) {
-		for (j = i+1; j < cnt; j++) {
-			if (!rslt[i] || !rslt[j])
-				continue;
-			result = merge_bases_many(rslt[i], 1, &rslt[j]);
-			clear_commit_marks(rslt[i], all_flags);
-			clear_commit_marks(rslt[j], all_flags);
-			for (list = result; list; list = list->next) {
-				if (rslt[i] == list->item)
-					rslt[i] = NULL;
-				if (rslt[j] == list->item)
-					rslt[j] = NULL;
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	clear_commit_marks_many(n, twos, all_flags);
 
-	/* Surviving ones in rslt[] are the independent results */
+	cnt = remove_redundant(rslt, cnt);
 	result = NULL;
-	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
-		if (rslt[i])
-			commit_list_insert_by_date(rslt[i], &result);
-	}
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
+		commit_list_insert_by_date(rslt[i], &result);
 	free(rslt);
 	return result;
 }
 
-struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *one, struct commit *two,
-				    int cleanup)
+struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one,
+					 int n,
+					 struct commit **twos)
 {
-	return get_merge_bases_many(one, 1, &two, cleanup);
+	return get_merge_bases_many_0(one, n, twos, 1);
 }
 
+struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many_dirty(struct commit *one,
+					       int n,
+					       struct commit **twos)
+{
+	return get_merge_bases_many_0(one, n, twos, 0);
+}
+
+struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *one, struct commit *two)
+{
+	return get_merge_bases_many_0(one, 1, &two, 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Is "commit" a descendant of one of the elements on the "with_commit" list?
+ */
 int is_descendant_of(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *with_commit)
 {
 	if (!with_commit)
@@ -772,81 +1008,72 @@ int is_descendant_of(struct commit *commit, struct commit_list *with_commit)
 
 		other = with_commit->item;
 		with_commit = with_commit->next;
-		if (in_merge_bases(other, &commit, 1))
+		if (in_merge_bases(other, commit))
 			return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int in_merge_bases(struct commit *commit, struct commit **reference, int num)
+/*
+ * Is "commit" an ancestor of one of the "references"?
+ */
+int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *commit, int nr_reference, struct commit **reference)
 {
-	struct commit_list *bases, *b;
-	int ret = 0;
-
-	if (num == 1)
-		bases = get_merge_bases(commit, *reference, 1);
-	else
-		die("not yet");
-	for (b = bases; b; b = b->next) {
-		if (!hashcmp(commit->object.sha1, b->item->object.sha1)) {
-			ret = 1;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
+	struct commit_list *bases;
+	int ret = 0, i;
+
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
+		return ret;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_reference; i++)
+		if (parse_commit(reference[i]))
+			return ret;
+
+	bases = paint_down_to_common(commit, nr_reference, reference);
+	if (commit->object.flags & PARENT2)
+		ret = 1;
+	clear_commit_marks(commit, all_flags);
+	clear_commit_marks_many(nr_reference, reference, all_flags);
 	free_commit_list(bases);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Is "commit" an ancestor of (i.e. reachable from) the "reference"?
+ */
+int in_merge_bases(struct commit *commit, struct commit *reference)
+{
+	return in_merge_bases_many(commit, 1, &reference);
+}
+
 struct commit_list *reduce_heads(struct commit_list *heads)
 {
 	struct commit_list *p;
 	struct commit_list *result = NULL, **tail = &result;
-	struct commit **other;
-	size_t num_head, num_other;
+	struct commit **array;
+	int num_head, i;
 
 	if (!heads)
 		return NULL;
 
-	/* Avoid unnecessary reallocations */
-	for (p = heads, num_head = 0; p; p = p->next)
-		num_head++;
-	other = xcalloc(sizeof(*other), num_head);
-
-	/* For each commit, see if it can be reached by others */
-	for (p = heads; p; p = p->next) {
-		struct commit_list *q, *base;
-
-		/* Do we already have this in the result? */
-		for (q = result; q; q = q->next)
-			if (p->item == q->item)
-				break;
-		if (q)
+	/* Uniquify */
+	for (p = heads; p; p = p->next)
+		p->item->object.flags &= ~STALE;
+	for (p = heads, num_head = 0; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->item->object.flags & STALE)
 			continue;
-
-		num_other = 0;
-		for (q = heads; q; q = q->next) {
-			if (p->item == q->item)
-				continue;
-			other[num_other++] = q->item;
+		p->item->object.flags |= STALE;
+		num_head++;
+	}
+	array = xcalloc(num_head, sizeof(*array));
+	for (p = heads, i = 0; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->item->object.flags & STALE) {
+			array[i++] = p->item;
+			p->item->object.flags &= ~STALE;
 		}
-		if (num_other)
-			base = get_merge_bases_many(p->item, num_other, other, 1);
-		else
-			base = NULL;
-		/*
-		 * If p->item does not have anything common with other
-		 * commits, there won't be any merge base.  If it is
-		 * reachable from some of the others, p->item will be
-		 * the merge base.  If its history is connected with
-		 * others, but p->item is not reachable by others, we
-		 * will get something other than p->item back.
-		 */
-		if (!base || (base->item != p->item))
-			tail = &(commit_list_insert(p->item, tail)->next);
-		free_commit_list(base);
 	}
-	free(other);
+	num_head = remove_redundant(array, num_head);
+	for (i = 0; i < num_head; i++)
+		tail = &commit_list_insert(array[i], tail)->next;
 	return result;
 }
 
@@ -886,17 +1113,14 @@ static int do_sign_commit(struct strbuf *buf, const char *keyid)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int parse_signed_commit(const unsigned char *sha1,
+int parse_signed_commit(const struct commit *commit,
 			struct strbuf *payload, struct strbuf *signature)
 {
+
 	unsigned long size;
-	enum object_type type;
-	char *buffer = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	const char *buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, &size);
 	int in_signature, saw_signature = -1;
-	char *line, *tail;
-
-	if (!buffer || type != OBJ_COMMIT)
-		goto cleanup;
+	const char *line, *tail;
 
 	line = buffer;
 	tail = buffer + size;
@@ -904,12 +1128,12 @@ int parse_signed_commit(const unsigned char *sha1,
 	saw_signature = 0;
 	while (line < tail) {
 		const char *sig = NULL;
-		char *next = memchr(line, '\n', tail - line);
+		const char *next = memchr(line, '\n', tail - line);
 
 		next = next ? next + 1 : tail;
 		if (in_signature && line[0] == ' ')
 			sig = line + 1;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(line, gpg_sig_header) &&
+		else if (starts_with(line, gpg_sig_header) &&
 			 line[gpg_sig_header_len] == ' ')
 			sig = line + gpg_sig_header_len + 1;
 		if (sig) {
@@ -925,11 +1149,44 @@ int parse_signed_commit(const unsigned char *sha1,
 		}
 		line = next;
 	}
- cleanup:
-	free(buffer);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
 	return saw_signature;
 }
 
+int remove_signature(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	const char *line = buf->buf;
+	const char *tail = buf->buf + buf->len;
+	int in_signature = 0;
+	const char *sig_start = NULL;
+	const char *sig_end = NULL;
+
+	while (line < tail) {
+		const char *next = memchr(line, '\n', tail - line);
+		next = next ? next + 1 : tail;
+
+		if (in_signature && line[0] == ' ')
+			sig_end = next;
+		else if (starts_with(line, gpg_sig_header) &&
+			 line[gpg_sig_header_len] == ' ') {
+			sig_start = line;
+			sig_end = next;
+			in_signature = 1;
+		} else {
+			if (*line == '\n')
+				/* dump the whole remainder of the buffer */
+				next = tail;
+			in_signature = 0;
+		}
+		line = next;
+	}
+
+	if (sig_start)
+		strbuf_remove(buf, sig_start - buf->buf, sig_end - sig_start);
+
+	return sig_start != NULL;
+}
+
 static void handle_signed_tag(struct commit *parent, struct commit_extra_header ***tail)
 {
 	struct merge_remote_desc *desc;
@@ -970,6 +1227,37 @@ free_return:
 	free(buf);
 }
 
+void check_commit_signature(const struct commit *commit, struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf signature = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf gpg_status = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int status;
+
+	sigc->result = 'N';
+
+	if (parse_signed_commit(commit, &payload, &signature) <= 0)
+		goto out;
+	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
+				      signature.buf, signature.len,
+				      &gpg_output, &gpg_status);
+	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
+		goto out;
+	sigc->payload = strbuf_detach(&payload, NULL);
+	sigc->gpg_output = strbuf_detach(&gpg_output, NULL);
+	sigc->gpg_status = strbuf_detach(&gpg_status, NULL);
+	parse_gpg_output(sigc);
+
+ out:
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_status);
+	strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
+	strbuf_release(&payload);
+	strbuf_release(&signature);
+}
+
+
+
 void append_merge_tag_headers(struct commit_list *parents,
 			      struct commit_extra_header ***tail)
 {
@@ -995,14 +1283,25 @@ struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_headers(struct commit *commit,
 {
 	struct commit_extra_header *extra = NULL;
 	unsigned long size;
-	enum object_type type;
-	char *buffer = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
-	if (buffer && type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		extra = read_commit_extra_header_lines(buffer, size, exclude);
-	free(buffer);
+	const char *buffer = get_commit_buffer(commit, &size);
+	extra = read_commit_extra_header_lines(buffer, size, exclude);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
 	return extra;
 }
 
+void for_each_mergetag(each_mergetag_fn fn, struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	struct commit_extra_header *extra, *to_free;
+
+	to_free = read_commit_extra_headers(commit, NULL);
+	for (extra = to_free; extra; extra = extra->next) {
+		if (strcmp(extra->key, "mergetag"))
+			continue; /* not a merge tag */
+		fn(commit, extra, data);
+	}
+	free_commit_extra_headers(to_free);
+}
+
 static inline int standard_header_field(const char *field, size_t len)
 {
 	return ((len == 4 && !memcmp(field, "tree ", 5)) ||
@@ -1027,8 +1326,9 @@ static int excluded_header_field(const char *field, size_t len, const char **exc
 	return 0;
 }
 
-struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buffer, size_t size,
-							   const char **exclude)
+static struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(
+	const char *buffer, size_t size,
+	const char **exclude)
 {
 	struct commit_extra_header *extra = NULL, **tail = &extra, *it = NULL;
 	const char *line, *next, *eof, *eob;
@@ -1081,7 +1381,8 @@ void free_commit_extra_headers(struct commit_extra_header *extra)
 	}
 }
 
-int commit_tree(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
+int commit_tree(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
+		const unsigned char *tree,
 		struct commit_list *parents, unsigned char *ret,
 		const char *author, const char *sign_commit)
 {
@@ -1089,18 +1390,129 @@ int commit_tree(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
 	int result;
 
 	append_merge_tag_headers(parents, &tail);
-	result = commit_tree_extended(msg, tree, parents, ret,
+	result = commit_tree_extended(msg, msg_len, tree, parents, ret,
 				      author, sign_commit, extra);
 	free_commit_extra_headers(extra);
 	return result;
 }
 
+static int find_invalid_utf8(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	int offset = 0;
+	static const unsigned int max_codepoint[] = {
+		0x7f, 0x7ff, 0xffff, 0x10ffff
+	};
+
+	while (len) {
+		unsigned char c = *buf++;
+		int bytes, bad_offset;
+		unsigned int codepoint;
+		unsigned int min_val, max_val;
+
+		len--;
+		offset++;
+
+		/* Simple US-ASCII? No worries. */
+		if (c < 0x80)
+			continue;
+
+		bad_offset = offset-1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Count how many more high bits set: that's how
+		 * many more bytes this sequence should have.
+		 */
+		bytes = 0;
+		while (c & 0x40) {
+			c <<= 1;
+			bytes++;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Must be between 1 and 3 more bytes.  Longer sequences result in
+		 * codepoints beyond U+10FFFF, which are guaranteed never to exist.
+		 */
+		if (bytes < 1 || 3 < bytes)
+			return bad_offset;
+
+		/* Do we *have* that many bytes? */
+		if (len < bytes)
+			return bad_offset;
+
+		/*
+		 * Place the encoded bits at the bottom of the value and compute the
+		 * valid range.
+		 */
+		codepoint = (c & 0x7f) >> bytes;
+		min_val = max_codepoint[bytes-1] + 1;
+		max_val = max_codepoint[bytes];
+
+		offset += bytes;
+		len -= bytes;
+
+		/* And verify that they are good continuation bytes */
+		do {
+			codepoint <<= 6;
+			codepoint |= *buf & 0x3f;
+			if ((*buf++ & 0xc0) != 0x80)
+				return bad_offset;
+		} while (--bytes);
+
+		/* Reject codepoints that are out of range for the sequence length. */
+		if (codepoint < min_val || codepoint > max_val)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* Surrogates are only for UTF-16 and cannot be encoded in UTF-8. */
+		if ((codepoint & 0x1ff800) == 0xd800)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* U+xxFFFE and U+xxFFFF are guaranteed non-characters. */
+		if ((codepoint & 0xfffe) == 0xfffe)
+			return bad_offset;
+		/* So are anything in the range U+FDD0..U+FDEF. */
+		if (codepoint >= 0xfdd0 && codepoint <= 0xfdef)
+			return bad_offset;
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This verifies that the buffer is in proper utf8 format.
+ *
+ * If it isn't, it assumes any non-utf8 characters are Latin1,
+ * and does the conversion.
+ */
+static int verify_utf8(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	int ok = 1;
+	long pos = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		int bad;
+		unsigned char c;
+		unsigned char replace[2];
+
+		bad = find_invalid_utf8(buf->buf + pos, buf->len - pos);
+		if (bad < 0)
+			return ok;
+		pos += bad;
+		ok = 0;
+		c = buf->buf[pos];
+		strbuf_remove(buf, pos, 1);
+
+		/* We know 'c' must be in the range 128-255 */
+		replace[0] = 0xc0 + (c >> 6);
+		replace[1] = 0x80 + (c & 0x3f);
+		strbuf_insert(buf, pos, replace, 2);
+		pos += 2;
+	}
+}
+
 static const char commit_utf8_warn[] =
-"Warning: commit message does not conform to UTF-8.\n"
+"Warning: commit message did not conform to UTF-8.\n"
 "You may want to amend it after fixing the message, or set the config\n"
 "variable i18n.commitencoding to the encoding your project uses.\n";
 
-int commit_tree_extended(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
+int commit_tree_extended(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
+			 const unsigned char *tree,
 			 struct commit_list *parents, unsigned char *ret,
 			 const char *author, const char *sign_commit,
 			 struct commit_extra_header *extra)
@@ -1111,7 +1523,7 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
 
 	assert_sha1_type(tree, OBJ_TREE);
 
-	if (memchr(msg->buf, '\0', msg->len))
+	if (memchr(msg, '\0', msg_len))
 		return error("a NUL byte in commit log message not allowed.");
 
 	/* Not having i18n.commitencoding is the same as having utf-8 */
@@ -1137,9 +1549,9 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
 
 	/* Person/date information */
 	if (!author)
-		author = git_author_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
+		author = git_author_info(IDENT_STRICT);
 	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "author %s\n", author);
-	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "committer %s\n", git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME));
+	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "committer %s\n", git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT));
 	if (!encoding_is_utf8)
 		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "encoding %s\n", git_commit_encoding);
 
@@ -1150,10 +1562,10 @@ int commit_tree_extended(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
 	strbuf_addch(&buffer, '\n');
 
 	/* And add the comment */
-	strbuf_addbuf(&buffer, msg);
+	strbuf_add(&buffer, msg, msg_len);
 
 	/* And check the encoding */
-	if (encoding_is_utf8 && !is_utf8(buffer.buf))
+	if (encoding_is_utf8 && !verify_utf8(&buffer))
 		fprintf(stderr, commit_utf8_warn);
 
 	if (sign_commit && do_sign_commit(&buffer, sign_commit))
@@ -1182,3 +1594,108 @@ struct commit *get_merge_parent(const char *name)
 	}
 	return commit;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Append a commit to the end of the commit_list.
+ *
+ * next starts by pointing to the variable that holds the head of an
+ * empty commit_list, and is updated to point to the "next" field of
+ * the last item on the list as new commits are appended.
+ *
+ * Usage example:
+ *
+ *     struct commit_list *list;
+ *     struct commit_list **next = &list;
+ *
+ *     next = commit_list_append(c1, next);
+ *     next = commit_list_append(c2, next);
+ *     assert(commit_list_count(list) == 2);
+ *     return list;
+ */
+struct commit_list **commit_list_append(struct commit *commit,
+					struct commit_list **next)
+{
+	struct commit_list *new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list));
+	new->item = commit;
+	*next = new;
+	new->next = NULL;
+	return &new->next;
+}
+
+void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
+		       const char *format_cur,
+		       const char *format_last)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
+		const char *format = list->next ? format_cur : format_last;
+		printf(format, sha1_to_hex(list->item->object.sha1));
+	}
+}
+
+const char *find_commit_header(const char *msg, const char *key, size_t *out_len)
+{
+	int key_len = strlen(key);
+	const char *line = msg;
+
+	while (line) {
+		const char *eol = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+
+		if (line == eol)
+			return NULL;
+
+		if (eol - line > key_len &&
+		    !strncmp(line, key, key_len) &&
+		    line[key_len] == ' ') {
+			*out_len = eol - line - key_len - 1;
+			return line + key_len + 1;
+		}
+		line = *eol ? eol + 1 : NULL;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Inspect sb and determine the true "end" of the log message, in
+ * order to find where to put a new Signed-off-by: line.  Ignored are
+ * trailing comment lines and blank lines, and also the traditional
+ * "Conflicts:" block that is not commented out, so that we can use
+ * "git commit -s --amend" on an existing commit that forgot to remove
+ * it.
+ *
+ * Returns the number of bytes from the tail to ignore, to be fed as
+ * the second parameter to append_signoff().
+ */
+int ignore_non_trailer(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int boc = 0;
+	int bol = 0;
+	int in_old_conflicts_block = 0;
+
+	while (bol < sb->len) {
+		char *next_line;
+
+		if (!(next_line = memchr(sb->buf + bol, '\n', sb->len - bol)))
+			next_line = sb->buf + sb->len;
+		else
+			next_line++;
+
+		if (sb->buf[bol] == comment_line_char || sb->buf[bol] == '\n') {
+			/* is this the first of the run of comments? */
+			if (!boc)
+				boc = bol;
+			/* otherwise, it is just continuing */
+		} else if (starts_with(sb->buf + bol, "Conflicts:\n")) {
+			in_old_conflicts_block = 1;
+			if (!boc)
+				boc = bol;
+		} else if (in_old_conflicts_block && sb->buf[bol] == '\t') {
+			; /* a pathname in the conflicts block */
+		} else if (boc) {
+			/* the previous was not trailing comment */
+			boc = 0;
+			in_old_conflicts_block = 0;
+		}
+		bol = next_line - sb->buf;
+	}
+	return boc ? sb->len - boc : 0;
+}
diff --git a/commit.h b/commit.h
index 154c0e34ff..9f189cb054 100644
--- a/commit.h
+++ b/commit.h
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "decorate.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 struct commit_list {
 	struct commit *item;
@@ -14,24 +16,35 @@ struct commit_list {
 struct commit {
 	struct object object;
 	void *util;
-	unsigned int indegree;
+	unsigned int index;
 	unsigned long date;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
 	struct tree *tree;
-	char *buffer;
 };
 
 extern int save_commit_buffer;
 extern const char *commit_type;
 
 /* While we can decorate any object with a name, it's only used for commits.. */
-extern struct decoration name_decoration;
 struct name_decoration {
 	struct name_decoration *next;
 	int type;
-	char name[1];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
+enum decoration_type {
+	DECORATION_NONE = 0,
+	DECORATION_REF_LOCAL,
+	DECORATION_REF_REMOTE,
+	DECORATION_REF_TAG,
+	DECORATION_REF_STASH,
+	DECORATION_REF_HEAD,
+	DECORATION_GRAFTED,
+};
+
+void add_name_decoration(enum decoration_type type, const char *name, struct object *obj);
+const struct name_decoration *get_name_decoration(const struct object *obj);
+
 struct commit *lookup_commit(const unsigned char *sha1);
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference(const unsigned char *sha1);
 struct commit *lookup_commit_reference_gently(const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -47,17 +60,61 @@ struct commit *lookup_commit_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *ref_n
 
 int parse_commit_buffer(struct commit *item, const void *buffer, unsigned long size);
 int parse_commit(struct commit *item);
+void parse_commit_or_die(struct commit *item);
+
+/*
+ * Associate an object buffer with the commit. The ownership of the
+ * memory is handed over to the commit, and must be free()-able.
+ */
+void set_commit_buffer(struct commit *, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
+
+/*
+ * Get any cached object buffer associated with the commit. Returns NULL
+ * if none. The resulting memory should not be freed.
+ */
+const void *get_cached_commit_buffer(const struct commit *, unsigned long *size);
+
+/*
+ * Get the commit's object contents, either from cache or by reading the object
+ * from disk. The resulting memory should not be modified, and must be given
+ * to unuse_commit_buffer when the caller is done.
+ */
+const void *get_commit_buffer(const struct commit *, unsigned long *size);
+
+/*
+ * Tell the commit subsytem that we are done with a particular commit buffer.
+ * The commit and buffer should be the input and return value, respectively,
+ * from an earlier call to get_commit_buffer.  The buffer may or may not be
+ * freed by this call; callers should not access the memory afterwards.
+ */
+void unuse_commit_buffer(const struct commit *, const void *buffer);
+
+/*
+ * Free any cached object buffer associated with the commit.
+ */
+void free_commit_buffer(struct commit *);
+
+/*
+ * Disassociate any cached object buffer from the commit, but do not free it.
+ * The buffer (or NULL, if none) is returned.
+ */
+const void *detach_commit_buffer(struct commit *, unsigned long *sizep);
 
 /* Find beginning and length of commit subject. */
 int find_commit_subject(const char *commit_buffer, const char **subject);
 
 struct commit_list *commit_list_insert(struct commit *item,
 					struct commit_list **list);
+struct commit_list **commit_list_append(struct commit *commit,
+					struct commit_list **next);
 unsigned commit_list_count(const struct commit_list *l);
 struct commit_list *commit_list_insert_by_date(struct commit *item,
 				    struct commit_list **list);
 void commit_list_sort_by_date(struct commit_list **list);
 
+/* Shallow copy of the input list */
+struct commit_list *copy_commit_list(struct commit_list *list);
+
 void free_commit_list(struct commit_list *list);
 
 /* Commit formats */
@@ -76,16 +133,29 @@ enum cmit_fmt {
 };
 
 struct pretty_print_context {
+	/*
+	 * Callers should tweak these to change the behavior of pp_* functions.
+	 */
 	enum cmit_fmt fmt;
 	int abbrev;
 	const char *subject;
 	const char *after_subject;
 	int preserve_subject;
 	enum date_mode date_mode;
+	unsigned date_mode_explicit:1;
 	int need_8bit_cte;
-	int show_notes;
+	char *notes_message;
 	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
 	const char *output_encoding;
+	struct string_list *mailmap;
+	int color;
+	struct ident_split *from_ident;
+
+	/*
+	 * Fields below here are manipulated internally by pp_* functions and
+	 * should not be counted on by callers.
+	 */
+	struct string_list in_body_headers;
 };
 
 struct userformat_want {
@@ -94,31 +164,31 @@ struct userformat_want {
 
 extern int has_non_ascii(const char *text);
 struct rev_info; /* in revision.h, it circularly uses enum cmit_fmt */
-extern char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
-			     const char *output_encoding);
-extern char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
-				     const char **encoding_p);
+extern const char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+				   char **commit_encoding,
+				   const char *output_encoding);
 extern void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *);
 extern const char *format_subject(struct strbuf *sb, const char *msg,
 				  const char *line_separator);
 extern void userformat_find_requirements(const char *fmt, struct userformat_want *w);
+extern int commit_format_is_empty(enum cmit_fmt);
 extern void format_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
 				  const char *format, struct strbuf *sb,
 				  const struct pretty_print_context *context);
-extern void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+extern void pretty_print_commit(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 				const struct commit *commit,
 				struct strbuf *sb);
 extern void pp_commit_easy(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
 			   struct strbuf *sb);
-void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_user_info(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char *what, struct strbuf *sb,
 		  const char *line, const char *encoding);
-void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_title_line(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		   const char **msg_p,
 		   struct strbuf *sb,
 		   const char *encoding,
 		   int need_8bit_cte);
-void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_remainder(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char **msg_p,
 		  struct strbuf *sb,
 		  int indent);
@@ -133,17 +203,27 @@ struct commit *pop_most_recent_commit(struct commit_list **list,
 struct commit *pop_commit(struct commit_list **stack);
 
 void clear_commit_marks(struct commit *commit, unsigned int mark);
+void clear_commit_marks_many(int nr, struct commit **commit, unsigned int mark);
 void clear_commit_marks_for_object_array(struct object_array *a, unsigned mark);
 
+
+enum rev_sort_order {
+	REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER = 0,
+	REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE,
+	REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE
+};
+
 /*
  * Performs an in-place topological sort of list supplied.
  *
  *   invariant of resulting list is:
  *      a reachable from b => ord(b) < ord(a)
- *   in addition, when lifo == 0, commits on parallel tracks are
- *   sorted in the dates order.
+ *   sort_order further specifies:
+ *   REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER: try to show a commit on a single-parent
+ *                            chain together.
+ *   REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE: show eligible commits in committer-date order.
  */
-void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list ** list, int lifo);
+void sort_in_topological_order(struct commit_list **, enum rev_sort_order);
 
 struct commit_graft {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -156,23 +236,65 @@ struct commit_graft *read_graft_line(char *buf, int len);
 int register_commit_graft(struct commit_graft *, int);
 struct commit_graft *lookup_commit_graft(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
-extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *rev1, struct commit *rev2, int cleanup);
-extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos, int cleanup);
+extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases(struct commit *rev1, struct commit *rev2);
+extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos);
 extern struct commit_list *get_octopus_merge_bases(struct commit_list *in);
 
+/* To be used only when object flags after this call no longer matter */
+extern struct commit_list *get_merge_bases_many_dirty(struct commit *one, int n, struct commit **twos);
+
+/* largest positive number a signed 32-bit integer can contain */
+#define INFINITE_DEPTH 0x7fffffff
+
+struct sha1_array;
+struct ref;
 extern int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int unregister_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int for_each_commit_graft(each_commit_graft_fn, void *);
 extern int is_repository_shallow(void);
 extern struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads,
 		int depth, int shallow_flag, int not_shallow_flag);
+extern void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path, int override);
+extern int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol,
+				 const struct sha1_array *extra);
+extern void setup_alternate_shallow(struct lock_file *shallow_lock,
+				    const char **alternate_shallow_file,
+				    const struct sha1_array *extra);
+extern const char *setup_temporary_shallow(const struct sha1_array *extra);
+extern void advertise_shallow_grafts(int);
+
+struct shallow_info {
+	struct sha1_array *shallow;
+	int *ours, nr_ours;
+	int *theirs, nr_theirs;
+	struct sha1_array *ref;
+
+	/* for receive-pack */
+	uint32_t **used_shallow;
+	int *need_reachability_test;
+	int *reachable;
+	int *shallow_ref;
+	struct commit **commits;
+	int nr_commits;
+};
+
+extern void prepare_shallow_info(struct shallow_info *, struct sha1_array *);
+extern void clear_shallow_info(struct shallow_info *);
+extern void remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow(struct shallow_info *);
+extern void assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(struct shallow_info *info,
+					   uint32_t **used,
+					   int *ref_status);
+extern int delayed_reachability_test(struct shallow_info *si, int c);
+extern void prune_shallow(int show_only);
+extern struct trace_key trace_shallow;
 
 int is_descendant_of(struct commit *, struct commit_list *);
-int in_merge_bases(struct commit *, struct commit **, int);
+int in_merge_bases(struct commit *, struct commit *);
+int in_merge_bases_many(struct commit *, int, struct commit **);
 
 extern int interactive_add(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix, int patch);
 extern int run_add_interactive(const char *revision, const char *patch_mode,
-			       const char **pathspec);
+			       const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
 static inline int single_parent(struct commit *commit)
 {
@@ -191,20 +313,40 @@ struct commit_extra_header {
 extern void append_merge_tag_headers(struct commit_list *parents,
 				     struct commit_extra_header ***tail);
 
-extern int commit_tree(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
+extern int commit_tree(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
+		       const unsigned char *tree,
 		       struct commit_list *parents, unsigned char *ret,
 		       const char *author, const char *sign_commit);
 
-extern int commit_tree_extended(const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *tree,
+extern int commit_tree_extended(const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
+				const unsigned char *tree,
 				struct commit_list *parents, unsigned char *ret,
 				const char *author, const char *sign_commit,
 				struct commit_extra_header *);
 
 extern struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_headers(struct commit *, const char **);
-extern struct commit_extra_header *read_commit_extra_header_lines(const char *buf, size_t len, const char **);
 
 extern void free_commit_extra_headers(struct commit_extra_header *extra);
 
+/*
+ * Search the commit object contents given by "msg" for the header "key".
+ * Returns a pointer to the start of the header contents, or NULL. The length
+ * of the header, up to the first newline, is returned via out_len.
+ *
+ * Note that some headers (like mergetag) may be multi-line. It is the caller's
+ * responsibility to parse further in this case!
+ */
+extern const char *find_commit_header(const char *msg, const char *key,
+				      size_t *out_len);
+
+/* Find the end of the log message, the right place for a new trailer. */
+extern int ignore_non_trailer(struct strbuf *sb);
+
+typedef void (*each_mergetag_fn)(struct commit *commit, struct commit_extra_header *extra,
+				 void *cb_data);
+
+extern void for_each_mergetag(each_mergetag_fn fn, struct commit *commit, void *data);
+
 struct merge_remote_desc {
 	struct object *obj; /* the named object, could be a tag */
 	const char *name;
@@ -218,6 +360,26 @@ struct merge_remote_desc {
  */
 struct commit *get_merge_parent(const char *name);
 
-extern int parse_signed_commit(const unsigned char *sha1,
+extern int parse_signed_commit(const struct commit *commit,
 			       struct strbuf *message, struct strbuf *signature);
+extern int remove_signature(struct strbuf *buf);
+
+extern void print_commit_list(struct commit_list *list,
+			      const char *format_cur,
+			      const char *format_last);
+
+/*
+ * Check the signature of the given commit. The result of the check is stored
+ * in sig->check_result, 'G' for a good signature, 'U' for a good signature
+ * from an untrusted signer, 'B' for a bad signature and 'N' for no signature
+ * at all.  This may allocate memory for sig->gpg_output, sig->gpg_status,
+ * sig->signer and sig->key.
+ */
+extern void check_commit_signature(const struct commit *commit, struct signature_check *sigc);
+
+int compare_commits_by_commit_date(const void *a_, const void *b_, void *unused);
+
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+extern int run_commit_hook(int editor_is_used, const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
+
 #endif /* COMMIT_H */
diff --git a/compat/apple-common-crypto.h b/compat/apple-common-crypto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c8b9b0e1a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/apple-common-crypto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/* suppress inclusion of conflicting openssl functions */
+#define OPENSSL_NO_MD5
+#define HEADER_HMAC_H
+#define HEADER_SHA_H
+#include <CommonCrypto/CommonHMAC.h>
+#define HMAC_CTX CCHmacContext
+#define HMAC_Init(hmac, key, len, algo) CCHmacInit(hmac, algo, key, len)
+#define HMAC_Update CCHmacUpdate
+#define HMAC_Final(hmac, hash, ptr) CCHmacFinal(hmac, hash)
+#define HMAC_CTX_cleanup(ignore)
+#define EVP_md5(...) kCCHmacAlgMD5
+#if __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= 1070
+#define APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER
+#include <Security/Security.h>
+/* Apple's TYPE_BOOL conflicts with config.c */
+#undef TYPE_BOOL
+#endif
+
+#ifdef APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER
+#define git_CC_error_check(pattern, err) \
+	do { \
+		if (err) { \
+			die(pattern, (long)CFErrorGetCode(err)); \
+		} \
+	} while(0)
+
+#define EVP_EncodeBlock git_CC_EVP_EncodeBlock
+static inline int git_CC_EVP_EncodeBlock(unsigned char *out,
+		const unsigned char *in, int inlen)
+{
+	CFErrorRef err;
+	SecTransformRef encoder;
+	CFDataRef input, output;
+	CFIndex length;
+
+	encoder = SecEncodeTransformCreate(kSecBase64Encoding, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecEncodeTransformCreate failed: %ld", err);
+
+	input = CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, in, inlen);
+	SecTransformSetAttribute(encoder, kSecTransformInputAttributeName,
+			input, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformSetAttribute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	output = SecTransformExecute(encoder, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformExecute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	length = CFDataGetLength(output);
+	CFDataGetBytes(output, CFRangeMake(0, length), out);
+
+	CFRelease(output);
+	CFRelease(input);
+	CFRelease(encoder);
+
+	return (int)strlen((const char *)out);
+}
+
+#define EVP_DecodeBlock git_CC_EVP_DecodeBlock
+static int inline git_CC_EVP_DecodeBlock(unsigned char *out,
+		const unsigned char *in, int inlen)
+{
+	CFErrorRef err;
+	SecTransformRef decoder;
+	CFDataRef input, output;
+	CFIndex length;
+
+	decoder = SecDecodeTransformCreate(kSecBase64Encoding, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecEncodeTransformCreate failed: %ld", err);
+
+	input = CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, in, inlen);
+	SecTransformSetAttribute(decoder, kSecTransformInputAttributeName,
+			input, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformSetAttribute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	output = SecTransformExecute(decoder, &err);
+	git_CC_error_check("SecTransformExecute failed: %ld", err);
+
+	length = CFDataGetLength(output);
+	CFDataGetBytes(output, CFRangeMake(0, length), out);
+
+	CFRelease(output);
+	CFRelease(input);
+	CFRelease(decoder);
+
+	return (int)strlen((const char *)out);
+}
+#endif /* APPLE_LION_OR_NEWER */
diff --git a/compat/bswap.h b/compat/bswap.h
index 5061214f73..7fed637ed0 100644
--- a/compat/bswap.h
+++ b/compat/bswap.h
@@ -17,7 +17,20 @@ static inline uint32_t default_swab32(uint32_t val)
 		((val & 0x000000ff) << 24));
 }
 
+static inline uint64_t default_bswap64(uint64_t val)
+{
+	return (((val & (uint64_t)0x00000000000000ffULL) << 56) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x000000000000ff00ULL) << 40) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x0000000000ff0000ULL) << 24) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x00000000ff000000ULL) <<  8) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x000000ff00000000ULL) >>  8) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x0000ff0000000000ULL) >> 24) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0x00ff000000000000ULL) >> 40) |
+		((val & (uint64_t)0xff00000000000000ULL) >> 56));
+}
+
 #undef bswap32
+#undef bswap64
 
 #if defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
 
@@ -32,15 +45,42 @@ static inline uint32_t git_bswap32(uint32_t x)
 	return result;
 }
 
+#define bswap64 git_bswap64
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+static inline uint64_t git_bswap64(uint64_t x)
+{
+	uint64_t result;
+	if (__builtin_constant_p(x))
+		result = default_bswap64(x);
+	else
+		__asm__("bswap %q0" : "=r" (result) : "0" (x));
+	return result;
+}
+#else
+static inline uint64_t git_bswap64(uint64_t x)
+{
+	union { uint64_t i64; uint32_t i32[2]; } tmp, result;
+	if (__builtin_constant_p(x))
+		result.i64 = default_bswap64(x);
+	else {
+		tmp.i64 = x;
+		result.i32[0] = git_bswap32(tmp.i32[1]);
+		result.i32[1] = git_bswap32(tmp.i32[0]);
+	}
+	return result.i64;
+}
+#endif
+
 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64))
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 #define bswap32(x) _byteswap_ulong(x)
+#define bswap64(x) _byteswap_uint64(x)
 
 #endif
 
-#ifdef bswap32
+#if defined(bswap32)
 
 #undef ntohl
 #undef htonl
@@ -48,3 +88,92 @@ static inline uint32_t git_bswap32(uint32_t x)
 #define htonl(x) bswap32(x)
 
 #endif
+
+#if defined(bswap64)
+
+#undef ntohll
+#undef htonll
+#define ntohll(x) bswap64(x)
+#define htonll(x) bswap64(x)
+
+#else
+
+#undef ntohll
+#undef htonll
+
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(__BIG_ENDIAN)
+
+# define GIT_BYTE_ORDER __BYTE_ORDER
+# define GIT_LITTLE_ENDIAN __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# define GIT_BIG_ENDIAN __BIG_ENDIAN
+
+#elif defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(BIG_ENDIAN)
+
+# define GIT_BYTE_ORDER BYTE_ORDER
+# define GIT_LITTLE_ENDIAN LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# define GIT_BIG_ENDIAN BIG_ENDIAN
+
+#else
+
+# define GIT_BIG_ENDIAN 4321
+# define GIT_LITTLE_ENDIAN 1234
+
+# if defined(_BIG_ENDIAN) && !defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#  define GIT_BYTE_ORDER GIT_BIG_ENDIAN
+# elif defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && !defined(_BIG_ENDIAN)
+#  define GIT_BYTE_ORDER GIT_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# elif defined(__THW_BIG_ENDIAN__) && !defined(__THW_LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+#  define GIT_BYTE_ORDER GIT_BIG_ENDIAN
+# elif defined(__THW_LITTLE_ENDIAN__) && !defined(__THW_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#  define GIT_BYTE_ORDER GIT_LITTLE_ENDIAN
+# else
+#  error "Cannot determine endianness"
+# endif
+
+#endif
+
+#if GIT_BYTE_ORDER == GIT_BIG_ENDIAN
+# define ntohll(n) (n)
+# define htonll(n) (n)
+#else
+# define ntohll(n) default_bswap64(n)
+# define htonll(n) default_bswap64(n)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Performance might be improved if the CPU architecture is OK with
+ * unaligned 32-bit loads and a fast ntohl() is available.
+ * Otherwise fall back to byte loads and shifts which is portable,
+ * and is faster on architectures with memory alignment issues.
+ */
+
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || \
+    defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64) || \
+    defined(__ppc__) || defined(__ppc64__) || \
+    defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__) || \
+    defined(__s390__) || defined(__s390x__)
+
+#define get_be16(p)	ntohs(*(unsigned short *)(p))
+#define get_be32(p)	ntohl(*(unsigned int *)(p))
+#define put_be32(p, v)	do { *(unsigned int *)(p) = htonl(v); } while (0)
+
+#else
+
+#define get_be16(p)	( \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) << 8) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) << 0) )
+#define get_be32(p)	( \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) << 24) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) << 16) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 2) <<  8) | \
+	(*((unsigned char *)(p) + 3) <<  0) )
+#define put_be32(p, v)	do { \
+	unsigned int __v = (v); \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 0) = __v >> 24; \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 1) = __v >> 16; \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 2) = __v >>  8; \
+	*((unsigned char *)(p) + 3) = __v >>  0; } while (0)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.c b/compat/cygwin.c
deleted file mode 100644
index dfe9b3084f..0000000000
--- a/compat/cygwin.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-#include "win32.h"
-#include "../cache.h" /* to read configuration */
-
-static inline void filetime_to_timespec(const FILETIME *ft, struct timespec *ts)
-{
-	long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) +
-			ft->dwLowDateTime;
-	winTime -= 116444736000000000LL; /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
-	/* convert 100-nsecond interval to seconds and nanoseconds */
-	ts->tv_sec = (time_t)(winTime/10000000);
-	ts->tv_nsec = (long)(winTime - ts->tv_sec*10000000LL) * 100;
-}
-
-#define size_to_blocks(s) (((s)+511)/512)
-
-/* do_stat is a common implementation for cygwin_lstat and cygwin_stat.
- *
- * To simplify its logic, in the case of cygwin symlinks, this implementation
- * falls back to the cygwin version of stat/lstat, which is provided as the
- * last argument.
- */
-static int do_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf, stat_fn_t cygstat)
-{
-	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
-
-	if (file_name[0] == '/')
-		return cygstat (file_name, buf);
-
-	if (!(errno = get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
-		/*
-		 * If the system attribute is set and it is not a directory then
-		 * it could be a symbol link created in the nowinsymlinks mode.
-		 * Normally, Cygwin works in the winsymlinks mode, so this situation
-		 * is very unlikely. For the sake of simplicity of our code, let's
-		 * Cygwin to handle it.
-		 */
-		if ((fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM) &&
-		    !(fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
-			return cygstat(file_name, buf);
-
-		/* fill out the stat structure */
-		buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
-		buf->st_ino = 0;
-		buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
-		buf->st_nlink = 1;
-		buf->st_uid = buf->st_gid = 0;
-#ifdef __CYGWIN_USE_BIG_TYPES__
-		buf->st_size = ((_off64_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh << 32) +
-			fdata.nFileSizeLow;
-#else
-		buf->st_size = (off_t)fdata.nFileSizeLow;
-#endif
-		buf->st_blocks = size_to_blocks(buf->st_size);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftLastAccessTime, &buf->st_atim);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftLastWriteTime, &buf->st_mtim);
-		filetime_to_timespec(&fdata.ftCreationTime, &buf->st_ctim);
-		return 0;
-	} else if (errno == ENOENT) {
-		/*
-		 * In the winsymlinks mode (which is the default), Cygwin
-		 * emulates symbol links using Windows shortcut files. These
-		 * files are formed by adding .lnk extension. So, if we have
-		 * not found the specified file name, it could be that it is
-		 * a symbol link. Let's Cygwin to deal with that.
-		 */
-		return cygstat(file_name, buf);
-	}
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/* We provide our own lstat/stat functions, since the provided Cygwin versions
- * of these functions are too slow. These stat functions are tailored for Git's
- * usage, and therefore they are not meant to be complete and correct emulation
- * of lstat/stat functionality.
- */
-static int cygwin_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return do_stat(path, buf, lstat);
-}
-
-static int cygwin_stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return do_stat(path, buf, stat);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * At start up, we are trying to determine whether Win32 API or cygwin stat
- * functions should be used. The choice is determined by core.ignorecygwinfstricks.
- * Reading this option is not always possible immediately as git_dir may
- * not be set yet. So until it is set, use cygwin lstat/stat functions.
- * However, if core.filemode is set, we must use the Cygwin posix
- * stat/lstat as the Windows stat functions do not determine posix filemode.
- *
- * Note that git_cygwin_config() does NOT call git_default_config() and this
- * is deliberate.  Many commands read from config to establish initial
- * values in variables and later tweak them from elsewhere (e.g. command line).
- * init_stat() is called lazily on demand, typically much late in the program,
- * and calling git_default_config() from here would break such variables.
- */
-static int native_stat = 1;
-static int core_filemode = 1; /* matches trust_executable_bit default */
-
-static int git_cygwin_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (!strcmp(var, "core.ignorecygwinfstricks"))
-		native_stat = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "core.filemode"))
-		core_filemode = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int init_stat(void)
-{
-	if (have_git_dir() && git_config(git_cygwin_config,NULL)) {
-		if (!core_filemode && native_stat) {
-			cygwin_stat_fn = cygwin_stat;
-			cygwin_lstat_fn = cygwin_lstat;
-		} else {
-			cygwin_stat_fn = stat;
-			cygwin_lstat_fn = lstat;
-		}
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-static int cygwin_stat_stub(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return (init_stat() ? stat : *cygwin_stat_fn)(file_name, buf);
-}
-
-static int cygwin_lstat_stub(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
-{
-	return (init_stat() ? lstat : *cygwin_lstat_fn)(file_name, buf);
-}
-
-stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn = cygwin_stat_stub;
-stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn = cygwin_lstat_stub;
-
diff --git a/compat/cygwin.h b/compat/cygwin.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a3229f5b4f..0000000000
--- a/compat/cygwin.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-typedef int (*stat_fn_t)(const char*, struct stat*);
-extern stat_fn_t cygwin_stat_fn;
-extern stat_fn_t cygwin_lstat_fn;
-
-#define stat(path, buf) (*cygwin_stat_fn)(path, buf)
-#define lstat(path, buf) (*cygwin_lstat_fn)(path, buf)
diff --git a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 9473aed2bb..0000000000
--- a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,492 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
-
-   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
-   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
-   License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   Library General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
-   License along with this library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
-   write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
-   Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
-
-#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
-# include <config.h>
-#endif
-
-/* Enable GNU extensions in fnmatch.h.  */
-#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
-# define _GNU_SOURCE	1
-#endif
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fnmatch.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-
-#if HAVE_STRING_H || defined _LIBC
-# include <string.h>
-#else
-# include <strings.h>
-#endif
-
-#if defined STDC_HEADERS || defined _LIBC
-# include <stdlib.h>
-#endif
-
-/* For platforms which support the ISO C amendment 1 functionality we
-   support user defined character classes.  */
-#if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
-/* Solaris 2.5 has a bug: <wchar.h> must be included before <wctype.h>.  */
-# include <wchar.h>
-# include <wctype.h>
-#endif
-
-/* Comment out all this code if we are using the GNU C Library, and are not
-   actually compiling the library itself.  This code is part of the GNU C
-   Library, but also included in many other GNU distributions.  Compiling
-   and linking in this code is a waste when using the GNU C library
-   (especially if it is a shared library).  Rather than having every GNU
-   program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files,
-   it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file.  */
-
-#if defined _LIBC || !defined __GNU_LIBRARY__
-
-
-# if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
-#  define ISASCII(c) 1
-# else
-#  define ISASCII(c) isascii(c)
-# endif
-
-# ifdef isblank
-#  define ISBLANK(c) (ISASCII (c) && isblank (c))
-# else
-#  define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
-# endif
-# ifdef isgraph
-#  define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII (c) && isgraph (c))
-# else
-#  define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII (c) && isprint (c) && !isspace (c))
-# endif
-
-# define ISPRINT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isprint (c))
-# define ISDIGIT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isdigit (c))
-# define ISALNUM(c) (ISASCII (c) && isalnum (c))
-# define ISALPHA(c) (ISASCII (c) && isalpha (c))
-# define ISCNTRL(c) (ISASCII (c) && iscntrl (c))
-# define ISLOWER(c) (ISASCII (c) && islower (c))
-# define ISPUNCT(c) (ISASCII (c) && ispunct (c))
-# define ISSPACE(c) (ISASCII (c) && isspace (c))
-# define ISUPPER(c) (ISASCII (c) && isupper (c))
-# define ISXDIGIT(c) (ISASCII (c) && isxdigit (c))
-
-# define STREQ(s1, s2) ((strcmp (s1, s2) == 0))
-
-# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
-/* The GNU C library provides support for user-defined character classes
-   and the functions from ISO C amendment 1.  */
-#  ifdef CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
-#   define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH CHARCLASS_NAME_MAX
-#  else
-/* This shouldn't happen but some implementation might still have this
-   problem.  Use a reasonable default value.  */
-#   define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH 256
-#  endif
-
-#  ifdef _LIBC
-#   define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string) __wctype (string)
-#  else
-#   define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string) wctype (string)
-#  endif
-# else
-#  define CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH  6 /* Namely, `xdigit'.  */
-
-#  define IS_CHAR_CLASS(string)						      \
-   (STREQ (string, "alpha") || STREQ (string, "upper")			      \
-    || STREQ (string, "lower") || STREQ (string, "digit")		      \
-    || STREQ (string, "alnum") || STREQ (string, "xdigit")		      \
-    || STREQ (string, "space") || STREQ (string, "print")		      \
-    || STREQ (string, "punct") || STREQ (string, "graph")		      \
-    || STREQ (string, "cntrl") || STREQ (string, "blank"))
-# endif
-
-/* Avoid depending on library functions or files
-   whose names are inconsistent.  */
-
-# if !defined _LIBC && !defined getenv
-extern char *getenv ();
-# endif
-
-# ifndef errno
-extern int errno;
-# endif
-
-# ifndef NULL
-#  define NULL 0
-# endif
-
-/* This function doesn't exist on most systems.  */
-
-# if !defined HAVE___STRCHRNUL && !defined _LIBC
-static char *
-__strchrnul (s, c)
-     const char *s;
-     int c;
-{
-  char *result = strchr (s, c);
-  if (result == NULL)
-    result = strchr (s, '\0');
-  return result;
-}
-# endif
-
-# ifndef internal_function
-/* Inside GNU libc we mark some function in a special way.  In other
-   environments simply ignore the marking.  */
-#  define internal_function
-# endif
-
-/* Match STRING against the filename pattern PATTERN, returning zero if
-   it matches, nonzero if not.  */
-static int internal_fnmatch __P ((const char *pattern, const char *string,
-				  int no_leading_period, int flags))
-     internal_function;
-static int
-internal_function
-internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, no_leading_period, flags)
-     const char *pattern;
-     const char *string;
-     int no_leading_period;
-     int flags;
-{
-  register const char *p = pattern, *n = string;
-  register unsigned char c;
-
-/* Note that this evaluates C many times.  */
-# ifdef _LIBC
-#  define FOLD(c) ((flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) ? tolower (c) : (c))
-# else
-#  define FOLD(c) ((flags & FNM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER (c) ? tolower (c) : (c))
-# endif
-
-  while ((c = *p++) != '\0')
-    {
-      c = FOLD (c);
-
-      switch (c)
-	{
-	case '?':
-	  if (*n == '\0')
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	  else if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	  else if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period
-		   && (n == string
-		       || (n[-1] == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	  break;
-
-	case '\\':
-	  if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE))
-	    {
-	      c = *p++;
-	      if (c == '\0')
-		/* Trailing \ loses.  */
-		return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	      c = FOLD (c);
-	    }
-	  if (FOLD ((unsigned char) *n) != c)
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	  break;
-
-	case '*':
-	  if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period
-	      && (n == string
-		  || (n[-1] == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-	  for (c = *p++; c == '?' || c == '*'; c = *p++)
-	    {
-	      if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
-		/* A slash does not match a wildcard under FNM_FILE_NAME.  */
-		return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	      else if (c == '?')
-		{
-		  /* A ? needs to match one character.  */
-		  if (*n == '\0')
-		    /* There isn't another character; no match.  */
-		    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-		  else
-		    /* One character of the string is consumed in matching
-		       this ? wildcard, so *??? won't match if there are
-		       less than three characters.  */
-		    ++n;
-		}
-	    }
-
-	  if (c == '\0')
-	    /* The wildcard(s) is/are the last element of the pattern.
-	       If the name is a file name and contains another slash
-	       this does mean it cannot match.  */
-	    return ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME) && strchr (n, '/') != NULL
-		    ? FNM_NOMATCH : 0);
-	  else
-	    {
-	      const char *endp;
-
-	      endp = __strchrnul (n, (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME) ? '/' : '\0');
-
-	      if (c == '[')
-		{
-		  int flags2 = ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME)
-				? flags : (flags & ~FNM_PERIOD));
-
-		  for (--p; n < endp; ++n)
-		    if (internal_fnmatch (p, n,
-					  (no_leading_period
-					   && (n == string
-					       || (n[-1] == '/'
-						   && (flags
-						       & FNM_FILE_NAME)))),
-					  flags2)
-			== 0)
-		      return 0;
-		}
-	      else if (c == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
-		{
-		  while (*n != '\0' && *n != '/')
-		    ++n;
-		  if (*n == '/'
-		      && (internal_fnmatch (p, n + 1, flags & FNM_PERIOD,
-					    flags) == 0))
-		    return 0;
-		}
-	      else
-		{
-		  int flags2 = ((flags & FNM_FILE_NAME)
-				? flags : (flags & ~FNM_PERIOD));
-
-		  if (c == '\\' && !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE))
-		    c = *p;
-		  c = FOLD (c);
-		  for (--p; n < endp; ++n)
-		    if (FOLD ((unsigned char) *n) == c
-			&& (internal_fnmatch (p, n,
-					      (no_leading_period
-					       && (n == string
-						   || (n[-1] == '/'
-						       && (flags
-							   & FNM_FILE_NAME)))),
-					      flags2) == 0))
-		      return 0;
-		}
-	    }
-
-	  /* If we come here no match is possible with the wildcard.  */
-	  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-	case '[':
-	  {
-	    /* Nonzero if the sense of the character class is inverted.  */
-	    static int posixly_correct;
-	    register int not;
-	    char cold;
-
-	    if (posixly_correct == 0)
-	      posixly_correct = getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != NULL ? 1 : -1;
-
-	    if (*n == '\0')
-	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-	    if (*n == '.' && no_leading_period && (n == string
-						   || (n[-1] == '/'
-						       && (flags
-							   & FNM_FILE_NAME))))
-	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-	    if (*n == '/' && (flags & FNM_FILE_NAME))
-	      /* `/' cannot be matched.  */
-	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-	    not = (*p == '!' || (posixly_correct < 0 && *p == '^'));
-	    if (not)
-	      ++p;
-
-	    c = *p++;
-	    for (;;)
-	      {
-		unsigned char fn = FOLD ((unsigned char) *n);
-
-		if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\')
-		  {
-		    if (*p == '\0')
-		      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-		    c = FOLD ((unsigned char) *p);
-		    ++p;
-
-		    if (c == fn)
-		      goto matched;
-		  }
-		else if (c == '[' && *p == ':')
-		  {
-		    /* Leave room for the null.  */
-		    char str[CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH + 1];
-		    size_t c1 = 0;
-# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
-		    wctype_t wt;
-# endif
-		    const char *startp = p;
-
-		    for (;;)
-		      {
-			if (c1 == CHAR_CLASS_MAX_LENGTH)
-			  /* The name is too long and therefore the pattern
-			     is ill-formed.  */
-			  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-			c = *++p;
-			if (c == ':' && p[1] == ']')
-			  {
-			    p += 2;
-			    break;
-			  }
-			if (c < 'a' || c >= 'z')
-			  {
-			    /* This cannot possibly be a character class name.
-			       Match it as a normal range.  */
-			    p = startp;
-			    c = '[';
-			    goto normal_bracket;
-			  }
-			str[c1++] = c;
-		      }
-		    str[c1] = '\0';
-
-# if defined _LIBC || (defined HAVE_WCTYPE_H && defined HAVE_WCHAR_H)
-		    wt = IS_CHAR_CLASS (str);
-		    if (wt == 0)
-		      /* Invalid character class name.  */
-		      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-		    if (__iswctype (__btowc ((unsigned char) *n), wt))
-		      goto matched;
-# else
-		    if ((STREQ (str, "alnum") && ISALNUM ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "alpha") && ISALPHA ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "blank") && ISBLANK ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "cntrl") && ISCNTRL ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "digit") && ISDIGIT ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "graph") && ISGRAPH ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "lower") && ISLOWER ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "print") && ISPRINT ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "punct") && ISPUNCT ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "space") && ISSPACE ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "upper") && ISUPPER ((unsigned char) *n))
-			|| (STREQ (str, "xdigit") && ISXDIGIT ((unsigned char) *n)))
-		      goto matched;
-# endif
-		  }
-		else if (c == '\0')
-		  /* [ (unterminated) loses.  */
-		  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-		else
-		  {
-		  normal_bracket:
-		    if (FOLD (c) == fn)
-		      goto matched;
-
-		    cold = c;
-		    c = *p++;
-
-		    if (c == '-' && *p != ']')
-		      {
-			/* It is a range.  */
-			unsigned char cend = *p++;
-			if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && cend == '\\')
-			  cend = *p++;
-			if (cend == '\0')
-			  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-			if (cold <= fn && fn <= FOLD (cend))
-			  goto matched;
-
-			c = *p++;
-		      }
-		  }
-
-		if (c == ']')
-		  break;
-	      }
-
-	    if (!not)
-	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	    break;
-
-	  matched:
-	    /* Skip the rest of the [...] that already matched.  */
-	    while (c != ']')
-	      {
-		if (c == '\0')
-		  /* [... (unterminated) loses.  */
-		  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-		c = *p++;
-		if (!(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE) && c == '\\')
-		  {
-		    if (*p == '\0')
-		      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-		    /* XXX 1003.2d11 is unclear if this is right.  */
-		    ++p;
-		  }
-		else if (c == '[' && *p == ':')
-		  {
-		    do
-		      if (*++p == '\0')
-			return FNM_NOMATCH;
-		    while (*p != ':' || p[1] == ']');
-		    p += 2;
-		    c = *p;
-		  }
-	      }
-	    if (not)
-	      return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	  }
-	  break;
-
-	default:
-	  if (c != FOLD ((unsigned char) *n))
-	    return FNM_NOMATCH;
-	}
-
-      ++n;
-    }
-
-  if (*n == '\0')
-    return 0;
-
-  if ((flags & FNM_LEADING_DIR) && *n == '/')
-    /* The FNM_LEADING_DIR flag says that "foo*" matches "foobar/frobozz".  */
-    return 0;
-
-  return FNM_NOMATCH;
-
-# undef FOLD
-}
-
-
-int
-fnmatch (pattern, string, flags)
-     const char *pattern;
-     const char *string;
-     int flags;
-{
-  return internal_fnmatch (pattern, string, flags & FNM_PERIOD, flags);
-}
-
-#endif	/* _LIBC or not __GNU_LIBRARY__.  */
diff --git a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.h b/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.h
deleted file mode 100644
index cc3ec37940..0000000000
--- a/compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-/* Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
-
-   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-   modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
-   published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
-   License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   Library General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
-   License along with the GNU C Library; see the file COPYING.LIB.  If not,
-   write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
-   Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
-
-#ifndef	_FNMATCH_H
-#define	_FNMATCH_H	1
-
-#ifdef	__cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-#if defined __cplusplus || (defined __STDC__ && __STDC__) || defined WINDOWS32
-# if !defined __GLIBC__ || !defined __P
-#  undef	__P
-#  define __P(protos)	protos
-# endif
-#else /* Not C++ or ANSI C.  */
-# undef	__P
-# define __P(protos)	()
-/* We can get away without defining `const' here only because in this file
-   it is used only inside the prototype for `fnmatch', which is elided in
-   non-ANSI C where `const' is problematical.  */
-#endif /* C++ or ANSI C.  */
-
-#ifndef const
-# if (defined __STDC__ && __STDC__) || defined __cplusplus
-#  define __const	const
-# else
-#  define __const
-# endif
-#endif
-
-/* We #undef these before defining them because some losing systems
-   (HP-UX A.08.07 for example) define these in <unistd.h>.  */
-#undef	FNM_PATHNAME
-#undef	FNM_NOESCAPE
-#undef	FNM_PERIOD
-
-/* Bits set in the FLAGS argument to `fnmatch'.  */
-#define	FNM_PATHNAME	(1 << 0) /* No wildcard can ever match `/'.  */
-#define	FNM_NOESCAPE	(1 << 1) /* Backslashes don't quote special chars.  */
-#define	FNM_PERIOD	(1 << 2) /* Leading `.' is matched only explicitly.  */
-
-#if !defined _POSIX_C_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE < 2 || defined _GNU_SOURCE
-# define FNM_FILE_NAME	 FNM_PATHNAME	/* Preferred GNU name.  */
-# define FNM_LEADING_DIR (1 << 3)	/* Ignore `/...' after a match.  */
-# define FNM_CASEFOLD	 (1 << 4)	/* Compare without regard to case.  */
-#endif
-
-/* Value returned by `fnmatch' if STRING does not match PATTERN.  */
-#define	FNM_NOMATCH	1
-
-/* This value is returned if the implementation does not support
-   `fnmatch'.  Since this is not the case here it will never be
-   returned but the conformance test suites still require the symbol
-   to be defined.  */
-#ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-# define FNM_NOSYS	(-1)
-#endif
-
-/* Match NAME against the filename pattern PATTERN,
-   returning zero if it matches, FNM_NOMATCH if not.  */
-extern int fnmatch __P ((__const char *__pattern, __const char *__name,
-			 int __flags));
-
-#ifdef	__cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif /* fnmatch.h */
diff --git a/compat/gmtime.c b/compat/gmtime.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8362dd2b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/gmtime.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#undef gmtime
+#undef gmtime_r
+
+struct tm *git_gmtime(const time_t *timep)
+{
+	static struct tm result;
+	return git_gmtime_r(timep, &result);
+}
+
+struct tm *git_gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
+{
+	struct tm *ret;
+
+	memset(result, 0, sizeof(*result));
+	ret = gmtime_r(timep, result);
+
+	/*
+	 * Rather than NULL, FreeBSD gmtime simply leaves the "struct tm"
+	 * untouched when it encounters overflow. Since "mday" cannot otherwise
+	 * be zero, we can test this very quickly.
+	 */
+	if (ret && !ret->tm_mday) {
+		ret = NULL;
+		errno = EOVERFLOW;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/compat/mingw.c b/compat/mingw.c
index a0ac487c0c..70f3191a4f 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.c
+++ b/compat/mingw.c
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
 #include "win32.h"
 #include <conio.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
 #include "../strbuf.h"
 #include "../run-command.h"
+#include "../cache.h"
 
 static const int delay[] = { 0, 1, 10, 20, 40 };
 
@@ -198,14 +200,16 @@ static int ask_yes_no_if_possible(const char *format, ...)
 	}
 }
 
-#undef unlink
 int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
 {
 	int ret, tries = 0;
+	wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
 	/* read-only files cannot be removed */
-	chmod(pathname, 0666);
-	while ((ret = unlink(pathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
+	_wchmod(wpathname, 0666);
+	while ((ret = _wunlink(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 		if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 			break;
 		/*
@@ -221,43 +225,45 @@ int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
 	while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 	       ask_yes_no_if_possible("Unlink of file '%s' failed. "
 			"Should I try again?", pathname))
-	       ret = unlink(pathname);
+	       ret = _wunlink(wpathname);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int is_dir_empty(const char *path)
+static int is_dir_empty(const wchar_t *wpath)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	WIN32_FIND_DATAA findbuf;
+	WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 	HANDLE handle;
-
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\\*", path);
-	handle = FindFirstFileA(buf.buf, &findbuf);
-	if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	wchar_t wbuf[MAX_PATH + 2];
+	wcscpy(wbuf, wpath);
+	wcscat(wbuf, L"\\*");
+	handle = FindFirstFileW(wbuf, &findbuf);
+	if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 		return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
-	}
 
-	while (!strcmp(findbuf.cFileName, ".") ||
-			!strcmp(findbuf.cFileName, ".."))
-		if (!FindNextFile(handle, &findbuf)) {
-			strbuf_release(&buf);
-			return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
+	while (!wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".") ||
+			!wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".."))
+		if (!FindNextFileW(handle, &findbuf)) {
+			DWORD err = GetLastError();
+			FindClose(handle);
+			return err == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 		}
 	FindClose(handle);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-#undef rmdir
 int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
 {
 	int ret, tries = 0;
+	wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
-	while ((ret = rmdir(pathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
+	while ((ret = _wrmdir(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 		if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
+			errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+		if (errno != EACCES)
 			break;
-		if (!is_dir_empty(pathname)) {
+		if (!is_dir_empty(wpathname)) {
 			errno = ENOTEMPTY;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -271,19 +277,29 @@ int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
 		Sleep(delay[tries]);
 		tries++;
 	}
-	while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
+	while (ret == -1 && errno == EACCES && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 	       ask_yes_no_if_possible("Deletion of directory '%s' failed. "
 			"Should I try again?", pathname))
-	       ret = rmdir(pathname);
+	       ret = _wrmdir(wpathname);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode)
+{
+	int ret;
+	wchar_t wpath[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wpath, path) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	ret = _wmkdir(wpath);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-#undef open
 int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
 	unsigned mode;
 	int fd;
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 
 	va_start(args, oflags);
 	mode = va_arg(args, int);
@@ -292,47 +308,115 @@ int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 	if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 		filename = "nul";
 
-	fd = open(filename, oflags, mode);
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	fd = _wopen(wfilename, oflags, mode);
 
-	if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EACCES) {
-		DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributes(filename);
+	if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY && errno == EACCES) {
+		DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 		if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 			errno = EISDIR;
 	}
 	return fd;
 }
 
-#undef write
-ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+static BOOL WINAPI ctrl_ignore(DWORD type)
 {
-	/*
-	 * While write() calls to a file on a local disk are translated
-	 * into WriteFile() calls with a maximum size of 64KB on Windows
-	 * XP and 256KB on Vista, no such cap is placed on writes to
-	 * files over the network on Windows XP.  Unfortunately, there
-	 * seems to be a limit of 32MB-28KB on X64 and 64MB-32KB on x86;
-	 * bigger writes fail on Windows XP.
-	 * So we cap to a nice 31MB here to avoid write failures over
-	 * the net without changing the number of WriteFile() calls in
-	 * the local case.
-	 */
-	return write(fd, buf, min(count, 31 * 1024 * 1024));
+	return TRUE;
+}
+
+#undef fgetc
+int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream)
+{
+	int ch;
+	if (!isatty(_fileno(stream)))
+		return fgetc(stream);
+
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, TRUE);
+	while (1) {
+		ch = fgetc(stream);
+		if (ch != EOF || GetLastError() != ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)
+			break;
+
+		/* Ctrl+C was pressed, simulate SIGINT and retry */
+		mingw_raise(SIGINT);
+	}
+	SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, FALSE);
+	return ch;
 }
 
 #undef fopen
 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 {
+	FILE *file;
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 	if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 		filename = "nul";
-	return fopen(filename, otype);
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
+		xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	file = _wfopen(wfilename, wotype);
+	return file;
 }
 
-#undef freopen
 FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream)
 {
+	FILE *file;
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 	if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 		filename = "nul";
-	return freopen(filename, otype, stream);
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
+		xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	file = _wfreopen(wfilename, wotype, stream);
+	return file;
+}
+
+#undef fflush
+int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream)
+{
+	int ret = fflush(stream);
+
+	/*
+	 * write() is used behind the scenes of stdio output functions.
+	 * Since git code does not check for errors after each stdio write
+	 * operation, it can happen that write() is called by a later
+	 * stdio function even if an earlier write() call failed. In the
+	 * case of a pipe whose readable end was closed, only the first
+	 * call to write() reports EPIPE on Windows. Subsequent write()
+	 * calls report EINVAL. It is impossible to notice whether this
+	 * fflush invocation triggered such a case, therefore, we have to
+	 * catch all EINVAL errors whole-sale.
+	 */
+	if (ret && errno == EINVAL)
+		errno = EPIPE;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int mingw_access(const char *filename, int mode)
+{
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	/* X_OK is not supported by the MSVCRT version */
+	return _waccess(wfilename, mode & ~X_OK);
+}
+
+int mingw_chdir(const char *dirname)
+{
+	wchar_t wdirname[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wdirname, dirname) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return _wchdir(wdirname);
+}
+
+int mingw_chmod(const char *filename, int mode)
+{
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return _wchmod(wfilename, mode);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -360,10 +444,12 @@ static inline time_t filetime_to_time_t(const FILETIME *ft)
  */
 static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 {
-	int err;
 	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
-	if (!(err = get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
+	if (GetFileAttributesExW(wfilename, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fdata)) {
 		buf->st_ino = 0;
 		buf->st_gid = 0;
 		buf->st_uid = 0;
@@ -376,8 +462,8 @@ static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 		buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 		buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
 		if (fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
-			WIN32_FIND_DATAA findbuf;
-			HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileA(file_name, &findbuf);
+			WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
+			HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileW(wfilename, &findbuf);
 			if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 				if ((findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
 						(findbuf.dwReserved0 == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)) {
@@ -396,7 +482,23 @@ static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
-	errno = err;
+	switch (GetLastError()) {
+	case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+	case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
+	case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION:
+	case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
+		errno = EACCES;
+		break;
+	case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		break;
+	case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
+		errno = ENOMEM;
+		break;
+	default:
+		errno = ENOENT;
+		break;
+	}
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -409,7 +511,7 @@ static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 static int do_stat_internal(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	int namelen;
-	static char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
+	char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
 
 	if (!do_lstat(follow, file_name, buf))
 		return 0;
@@ -442,7 +544,6 @@ int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 	return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
 }
 
-#undef fstat
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
 {
 	HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
@@ -485,16 +586,20 @@ int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
 {
 	FILETIME mft, aft;
 	int fh, rc;
+	DWORD attrs;
+	wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
 	/* must have write permission */
-	DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributes(file_name);
+	attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 	if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 	    (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 		/* ignore errors here; open() will report them */
-		SetFileAttributes(file_name, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
+		SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
 	}
 
-	if ((fh = open(file_name, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0) {
+	if ((fh = _wopen(wfilename, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 		rc = -1;
 		goto revert_attrs;
 	}
@@ -517,7 +622,7 @@ revert_attrs:
 	if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 	    (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 		/* ignore errors again */
-		SetFileAttributes(file_name, attrs);
+		SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs);
 	}
 	return rc;
 }
@@ -528,6 +633,18 @@ unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+char *mingw_mktemp(char *template)
+{
+	wchar_t wtemplate[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wtemplate, template) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!_wmktemp(wtemplate))
+		return NULL;
+	if (xwcstoutf(template, wtemplate, strlen(template) + 1) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	return template;
+}
+
 int mkstemp(char *template)
 {
 	char *filename = mktemp(template);
@@ -586,17 +703,18 @@ struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 	return result;
 }
 
-#undef getcwd
 char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len)
 {
 	int i;
-	char *ret = getcwd(pointer, len);
-	if (!ret)
-		return ret;
+	wchar_t wpointer[MAX_PATH];
+	if (!_wgetcwd(wpointer, ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer)))
+		return NULL;
+	if (xwcstoutf(pointer, wpointer, len) < 0)
+		return NULL;
 	for (i = 0; pointer[i]; i++)
 		if (pointer[i] == '\\')
 			pointer[i] = '/';
-	return ret;
+	return pointer;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -781,29 +899,63 @@ static char *path_lookup(const char *cmd, char **path, int exe_only)
 	return prog;
 }
 
-static int env_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
+static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old);
+
+/* used number of elements of environ array, including terminating NULL */
+static int environ_size = 0;
+/* allocated size of environ array, in bytes */
+static int environ_alloc = 0;
+
+/*
+ * Create environment block suitable for CreateProcess. Merges current
+ * process environment and the supplied environment changes.
+ */
+static wchar_t *make_environment_block(char **deltaenv)
 {
-	char *const *ea = a;
-	char *const *eb = b;
-	return strcasecmp(*ea, *eb);
+	wchar_t *wenvblk = NULL;
+	char **tmpenv;
+	int i = 0, size = environ_size, wenvsz = 0, wenvpos = 0;
+
+	while (deltaenv && deltaenv[i])
+		i++;
+
+	/* copy the environment, leaving space for changes */
+	tmpenv = xmalloc((size + i) * sizeof(char*));
+	memcpy(tmpenv, environ, size * sizeof(char*));
+
+	/* merge supplied environment changes into the temporary environment */
+	for (i = 0; deltaenv && deltaenv[i]; i++)
+		size = do_putenv(tmpenv, deltaenv[i], size, 0);
+
+	/* create environment block from temporary environment */
+	for (i = 0; tmpenv[i]; i++) {
+		size = 2 * strlen(tmpenv[i]) + 2; /* +2 for final \0 */
+		ALLOC_GROW(wenvblk, (wenvpos + size) * sizeof(wchar_t), wenvsz);
+		wenvpos += xutftowcs(&wenvblk[wenvpos], tmpenv[i], size) + 1;
+	}
+	/* add final \0 terminator */
+	wenvblk[wenvpos] = 0;
+	free(tmpenv);
+	return wenvblk;
 }
 
 struct pinfo_t {
 	struct pinfo_t *next;
 	pid_t pid;
 	HANDLE proc;
-} pinfo_t;
-struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
+};
+static struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
 CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
 
-static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
 			      const char *dir,
 			      int prepend_cmd, int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
 {
-	STARTUPINFO si;
+	STARTUPINFOW si;
 	PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
-	struct strbuf envblk, args;
-	unsigned flags;
+	struct strbuf args;
+	wchar_t wcmd[MAX_PATH], wdir[MAX_PATH], *wargs, *wenvblk = NULL;
+	unsigned flags = CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT;
 	BOOL ret;
 
 	/* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
@@ -820,7 +972,7 @@ static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 		 * instead of CREATE_NO_WINDOW to make ssh
 		 * recognize that it has no console.
 		 */
-		flags = DETACHED_PROCESS;
+		flags |= DETACHED_PROCESS;
 	} else {
 		/* There is already a console. If we specified
 		 * DETACHED_PROCESS here, too, Windows would
@@ -828,15 +980,19 @@ static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 		 * The same is true for CREATE_NO_WINDOW.
 		 * Go figure!
 		 */
-		flags = 0;
 		CloseHandle(cons);
 	}
 	memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
 	si.cb = sizeof(si);
 	si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
-	si.hStdInput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fhin);
-	si.hStdOutput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fhout);
-	si.hStdError = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fherr);
+	si.hStdInput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhin);
+	si.hStdOutput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhout);
+	si.hStdError = winansi_get_osfhandle(fherr);
+
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wcmd, cmd) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (dir && xutftowcs_path(wdir, dir) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
 	/* concatenate argv, quoting args as we go */
 	strbuf_init(&args, 0);
@@ -855,33 +1011,18 @@ static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 			free(quoted);
 	}
 
-	if (env) {
-		int count = 0;
-		char **e, **sorted_env;
-
-		for (e = env; *e; e++)
-			count++;
-
-		/* environment must be sorted */
-		sorted_env = xmalloc(sizeof(*sorted_env) * (count + 1));
-		memcpy(sorted_env, env, sizeof(*sorted_env) * (count + 1));
-		qsort(sorted_env, count, sizeof(*sorted_env), env_compare);
+	wargs = xmalloc((2 * args.len + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
+	xutftowcs(wargs, args.buf, 2 * args.len + 1);
+	strbuf_release(&args);
 
-		strbuf_init(&envblk, 0);
-		for (e = sorted_env; *e; e++) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&envblk, *e);
-			strbuf_addch(&envblk, '\0');
-		}
-		free(sorted_env);
-	}
+	wenvblk = make_environment_block(deltaenv);
 
 	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
-	ret = CreateProcess(cmd, args.buf, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
-		env ? envblk.buf : NULL, dir, &si, &pi);
+	ret = CreateProcessW(wcmd, wargs, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
+		wenvblk, dir ? wdir : NULL, &si, &pi);
 
-	if (env)
-		strbuf_release(&envblk);
-	strbuf_release(&args);
+	free(wenvblk);
+	free(wargs);
 
 	if (!ret) {
 		errno = ENOENT;
@@ -910,13 +1051,12 @@ static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 	return (pid_t)pi.dwProcessId;
 }
 
-static pid_t mingw_spawnve(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
-			   int prepend_cmd)
+static pid_t mingw_spawnv(const char *cmd, const char **argv, int prepend_cmd)
 {
-	return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, env, NULL, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
+	return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, NULL, NULL, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
 }
 
-pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
+pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
 		     const char *dir,
 		     int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
 {
@@ -940,14 +1080,14 @@ pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 				pid = -1;
 			}
 			else {
-				pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, env, dir, 1,
+				pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 1,
 						       fhin, fhout, fherr);
 				free(iprog);
 			}
 			argv[0] = argv0;
 		}
 		else
-			pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, env, dir, 0,
+			pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 0,
 					       fhin, fhout, fherr);
 		free(prog);
 	}
@@ -955,7 +1095,7 @@ pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 	return pid;
 }
 
-static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char **env)
+static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
 {
 	const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(cmd);
 	char **path;
@@ -973,7 +1113,7 @@ static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char **env)
 		argv2 = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (argc+1));
 		argv2[0] = (char *)cmd;	/* full path to the script file */
 		memcpy(&argv2[1], &argv[1], sizeof(*argv) * argc);
-		pid = mingw_spawnve(prog, argv2, env, 1);
+		pid = mingw_spawnv(prog, argv2, 1);
 		if (pid >= 0) {
 			int status;
 			if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
@@ -988,38 +1128,35 @@ static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char **env)
 	return pid;
 }
 
-static void mingw_execve(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char *const *env)
+int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
 {
 	/* check if git_command is a shell script */
-	if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv, (char **)env)) {
+	if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv)) {
 		int pid, status;
 
-		pid = mingw_spawnve(cmd, (const char **)argv, (char **)env, 0);
+		pid = mingw_spawnv(cmd, (const char **)argv, 0);
 		if (pid < 0)
-			return;
+			return -1;
 		if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
 			status = 255;
 		exit(status);
 	}
+	return -1;
 }
 
-void mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
+int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
 {
 	char **path = get_path_split();
 	char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, path, 0);
 
 	if (prog) {
-		mingw_execve(prog, argv, environ);
+		mingw_execv(prog, argv);
 		free(prog);
 	} else
 		errno = ENOENT;
 
 	free_path_split(path);
-}
-
-void mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
-{
-	mingw_execve(cmd, argv, environ);
+	return -1;
 }
 
 int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
@@ -1035,114 +1172,100 @@ int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
 		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 		CloseHandle(h);
 		return -1;
+	} else if (pid > 0 && sig == 0) {
+		HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
+		if (h) {
+			CloseHandle(h);
+			return 0;
+		}
 	}
 
 	errno = EINVAL;
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static char **copy_environ(void)
+/*
+ * Compare environment entries by key (i.e. stopping at '=' or '\0').
+ */
+static int compareenv(const void *v1, const void *v2)
 {
-	char **env;
-	int i = 0;
-	while (environ[i])
-		i++;
-	env = xmalloc((i+1)*sizeof(*env));
-	for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++)
-		env[i] = xstrdup(environ[i]);
-	env[i] = NULL;
-	return env;
-}
+	const char *e1 = *(const char**)v1;
+	const char *e2 = *(const char**)v2;
 
-void free_environ(char **env)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
-		free(env[i]);
-	free(env);
+	for (;;) {
+		int c1 = *e1++;
+		int c2 = *e2++;
+		c1 = (c1 == '=') ? 0 : tolower(c1);
+		c2 = (c2 == '=') ? 0 : tolower(c2);
+		if (c1 > c2)
+			return 1;
+		if (c1 < c2)
+			return -1;
+		if (c1 == 0)
+			return 0;
+	}
 }
 
-static int lookup_env(char **env, const char *name, size_t nmln)
+static int bsearchenv(char **env, const char *name, size_t size)
 {
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; env[i]; i++) {
-		if (0 == strncmp(env[i], name, nmln)
-		    && '=' == env[i][nmln])
-			/* matches */
-			return i;
+	unsigned low = 0, high = size;
+	while (low < high) {
+		unsigned mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
+		int cmp = compareenv(&env[mid], &name);
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			low = mid + 1;
+		else if (cmp > 0)
+			high = mid;
+		else
+			return mid;
 	}
-	return -1;
+	return ~low; /* not found, return 1's complement of insert position */
 }
 
 /*
  * If name contains '=', then sets the variable, otherwise it unsets it
+ * Size includes the terminating NULL. Env must have room for size + 1 entries
+ * (in case of insert). Returns the new size. Optionally frees removed entries.
  */
-static char **env_setenv(char **env, const char *name)
+static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old)
 {
-	char *eq = strchrnul(name, '=');
-	int i = lookup_env(env, name, eq-name);
+	int i = bsearchenv(env, name, size - 1);
 
-	if (i < 0) {
-		if (*eq) {
-			for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
-				;
-			env = xrealloc(env, (i+2)*sizeof(*env));
-			env[i] = xstrdup(name);
-			env[i+1] = NULL;
-		}
-	}
-	else {
+	/* optionally free removed / replaced entry */
+	if (i >= 0 && free_old)
 		free(env[i]);
-		if (*eq)
-			env[i] = xstrdup(name);
-		else
-			for (; env[i]; i++)
-				env[i] = env[i+1];
-	}
-	return env;
-}
-
-/*
- * Copies global environ and adjusts variables as specified by vars.
- */
-char **make_augmented_environ(const char *const *vars)
-{
-	char **env = copy_environ();
 
-	while (*vars)
-		env = env_setenv(env, *vars++);
-	return env;
+	if (strchr(name, '=')) {
+		/* if new value ('key=value') is specified, insert or replace entry */
+		if (i < 0) {
+			i = ~i;
+			memmove(&env[i + 1], &env[i], (size - i) * sizeof(char*));
+			size++;
+		}
+		env[i] = (char*) name;
+	} else if (i >= 0) {
+		/* otherwise ('key') remove existing entry */
+		size--;
+		memmove(&env[i], &env[i + 1], (size - i) * sizeof(char*));
+	}
+	return size;
 }
 
-#undef getenv
-
-/*
- * The system's getenv looks up the name in a case-insensitive manner.
- * This version tries a case-sensitive lookup and falls back to
- * case-insensitive if nothing was found.  This is necessary because,
- * as a prominent example, CMD sets 'Path', but not 'PATH'.
- * Warning: not thread-safe.
- */
-static char *getenv_cs(const char *name)
+char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
 {
-	size_t len = strlen(name);
-	int i = lookup_env(environ, name, len);
-	if (i >= 0)
-		return environ[i] + len + 1;	/* skip past name and '=' */
-	return getenv(name);
+	char *value;
+	int pos = bsearchenv(environ, name, environ_size - 1);
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	value = strchr(environ[pos], '=');
+	return value ? &value[1] : NULL;
 }
 
-char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
+int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue)
 {
-	char *result = getenv_cs(name);
-	if (!result && !strcmp(name, "TMPDIR")) {
-		/* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
-		result = getenv_cs("TMP");
-		if (!result)
-			result = getenv_cs("TEMP");
-	}
-	return result;
+	ALLOC_GROW(environ, (environ_size + 1) * sizeof(char*), environ_alloc);
+	environ_size = do_putenv(environ, namevalue, environ_size, 1);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1187,8 +1310,7 @@ static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
 	else
 		ai->ai_canonname = NULL;
 
-	sin = xmalloc(ai->ai_addrlen);
-	memset(sin, 0, ai->ai_addrlen);
+	sin = xcalloc(1, ai->ai_addrlen);
 	sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
 	/* Note: getaddrinfo is supposed to allow service to be a string,
 	 * which should be looked up using getservbyname. This is
@@ -1202,7 +1324,7 @@ static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
 	else
 		sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
 	ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
-	ai->ai_next = 0;
+	ai->ai_next = NULL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1442,33 +1564,36 @@ int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
 {
 	DWORD attrs, gle;
 	int tries = 0;
+	wchar_t wpold[MAX_PATH], wpnew[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(wpold, pold) < 0 || xutftowcs_path(wpnew, pnew) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
 	/*
 	 * Try native rename() first to get errno right.
 	 * It is based on MoveFile(), which cannot overwrite existing files.
 	 */
-	if (!rename(pold, pnew))
+	if (!_wrename(wpold, wpnew))
 		return 0;
 	if (errno != EEXIST)
 		return -1;
 repeat:
-	if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
+	if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
 		return 0;
 	/* TODO: translate more errors */
 	gle = GetLastError();
 	if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
-	    (attrs = GetFileAttributes(pnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+	    (attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wpnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
 		if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
 			errno = EISDIR;
 			return -1;
 		}
 		if ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) &&
-		    SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
-			if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
+		    SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
+			if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
 				return 0;
 			gle = GetLastError();
 			/* revert file attributes on failure */
-			SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs);
+			SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs);
 		}
 	}
 	if (tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay) && gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
@@ -1522,7 +1647,7 @@ static HANDLE timer_event;
 static HANDLE timer_thread;
 static int timer_interval;
 static int one_shot;
-static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL;
+static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL, sigint_fn = SIG_DFL;
 
 /* The timer works like this:
  * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
@@ -1536,10 +1661,7 @@ static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL;
 static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
 {
 	while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
-		if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL)
-			die("Alarm");
-		if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
-			timer_fn(SIGALRM);
+		mingw_raise(SIGALRM);
 		if (one_shot)
 			break;
 	}
@@ -1629,13 +1751,52 @@ int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out)
 #undef signal
 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
 {
-	sig_handler_t old = timer_fn;
-	if (sig != SIGALRM)
+	sig_handler_t old;
+
+	switch (sig) {
+	case SIGALRM:
+		old = timer_fn;
+		timer_fn = handler;
+		break;
+
+	case SIGINT:
+		old = sigint_fn;
+		sigint_fn = handler;
+		break;
+
+	default:
 		return signal(sig, handler);
-	timer_fn = handler;
+	}
+
 	return old;
 }
 
+#undef raise
+int mingw_raise(int sig)
+{
+	switch (sig) {
+	case SIGALRM:
+		if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL) {
+			if (isatty(STDERR_FILENO))
+				fputs("Alarm clock\n", stderr);
+			exit(128 + SIGALRM);
+		} else if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
+			timer_fn(SIGALRM);
+		return 0;
+
+	case SIGINT:
+		if (sigint_fn == SIG_DFL)
+			exit(128 + SIGINT);
+		else if (sigint_fn != SIG_IGN)
+			sigint_fn(SIGINT);
+		return 0;
+
+	default:
+		return raise(sig);
+	}
+}
+
+
 static const char *make_backslash_path(const char *path)
 {
 	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
@@ -1678,11 +1839,16 @@ void mingw_open_html(const char *unixpath)
 
 int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
 {
-	typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(const char*, const char*, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
+	typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(LPCWSTR, LPCWSTR, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
 	static T create_hard_link = NULL;
+	wchar_t woldpath[MAX_PATH], wnewpath[MAX_PATH];
+	if (xutftowcs_path(woldpath, oldpath) < 0 ||
+		xutftowcs_path(wnewpath, newpath) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
 	if (!create_hard_link) {
 		create_hard_link = (T) GetProcAddress(
-			GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkA");
+			GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkW");
 		if (!create_hard_link)
 			create_hard_link = (T)-1;
 	}
@@ -1690,28 +1856,13 @@ int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
 		errno = ENOSYS;
 		return -1;
 	}
-	if (!create_hard_link(newpath, oldpath, NULL)) {
+	if (!create_hard_link(wnewpath, woldpath, NULL)) {
 		errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 		return -1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-char *getpass(const char *prompt)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	fputs(prompt, stderr);
-	for (;;) {
-		char c = _getch();
-		if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
-			break;
-		strbuf_addch(&buf, c);
-	}
-	fputs("\n", stderr);
-	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-}
-
 pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
 {
 	HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
@@ -1763,3 +1914,217 @@ pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
 	errno = EINVAL;
 	return -1;
 }
+
+int mingw_offset_1st_component(const char *path)
+{
+	int offset = 0;
+	if (has_dos_drive_prefix(path))
+		offset = 2;
+
+	/* unc paths */
+	else if (is_dir_sep(path[0]) && is_dir_sep(path[1])) {
+
+		/* skip server name */
+		char *pos = strpbrk(path + 2, "\\/");
+		if (!pos)
+			return 0; /* Error: malformed unc path */
+
+		do {
+			pos++;
+		} while (*pos && !is_dir_sep(*pos));
+
+		offset = pos - path;
+	}
+
+	return offset + is_dir_sep(path[offset]);
+}
+
+int xutftowcsn(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utfs, size_t wcslen, int utflen)
+{
+	int upos = 0, wpos = 0;
+	const unsigned char *utf = (const unsigned char*) utfs;
+	if (!utf || !wcs || wcslen < 1) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	/* reserve space for \0 */
+	wcslen--;
+	if (utflen < 0)
+		utflen = INT_MAX;
+
+	while (upos < utflen) {
+		int c = utf[upos++] & 0xff;
+		if (utflen == INT_MAX && c == 0)
+			break;
+
+		if (wpos >= wcslen) {
+			wcs[wpos] = 0;
+			errno = ERANGE;
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		if (c < 0x80) {
+			/* ASCII */
+			wcs[wpos++] = c;
+		} else if (c >= 0xc2 && c < 0xe0 && upos < utflen &&
+				(utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
+			/* 2-byte utf-8 */
+			c = ((c & 0x1f) << 6);
+			c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
+			wcs[wpos++] = c;
+		} else if (c >= 0xe0 && c < 0xf0 && upos + 1 < utflen &&
+				!(c == 0xe0 && utf[upos] < 0xa0) && /* over-long encoding */
+				(utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
+				(utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
+			/* 3-byte utf-8 */
+			c = ((c & 0x0f) << 12);
+			c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
+			c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
+			wcs[wpos++] = c;
+		} else if (c >= 0xf0 && c < 0xf5 && upos + 2 < utflen &&
+				wpos + 1 < wcslen &&
+				!(c == 0xf0 && utf[upos] < 0x90) && /* over-long encoding */
+				!(c == 0xf4 && utf[upos] >= 0x90) && /* > \u10ffff */
+				(utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
+				(utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
+				(utf[upos + 2] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
+			/* 4-byte utf-8: convert to \ud8xx \udcxx surrogate pair */
+			c = ((c & 0x07) << 18);
+			c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 12);
+			c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
+			c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
+			c -= 0x10000;
+			wcs[wpos++] = 0xd800 | (c >> 10);
+			wcs[wpos++] = 0xdc00 | (c & 0x3ff);
+		} else if (c >= 0xa0) {
+			/* invalid utf-8 byte, printable unicode char: convert 1:1 */
+			wcs[wpos++] = c;
+		} else {
+			/* invalid utf-8 byte, non-printable unicode: convert to hex */
+			static const char *hex = "0123456789abcdef";
+			wcs[wpos++] = hex[c >> 4];
+			if (wpos < wcslen)
+				wcs[wpos++] = hex[c & 0x0f];
+		}
+	}
+	wcs[wpos] = 0;
+	return wpos;
+}
+
+int xwcstoutf(char *utf, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t utflen)
+{
+	if (!wcs || !utf || utflen < 1) {
+		errno = EINVAL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	utflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wcs, -1, utf, utflen, NULL, NULL);
+	if (utflen)
+		return utflen - 1;
+	errno = ERANGE;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Disable MSVCRT command line wildcard expansion (__getmainargs called from
+ * mingw startup code, see init.c in mingw runtime).
+ */
+int _CRT_glob = 0;
+
+typedef struct {
+	int newmode;
+} _startupinfo;
+
+extern int __wgetmainargs(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv, wchar_t ***env, int glob,
+		_startupinfo *si);
+
+static NORETURN void die_startup()
+{
+	fputs("fatal: not enough memory for initialization", stderr);
+	exit(128);
+}
+
+static void *malloc_startup(size_t size)
+{
+	void *result = malloc(size);
+	if (!result)
+		die_startup();
+	return result;
+}
+
+static char *wcstoutfdup_startup(char *buffer, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t len)
+{
+	len = xwcstoutf(buffer, wcs, len) + 1;
+	return memcpy(malloc_startup(len), buffer, len);
+}
+
+void mingw_startup()
+{
+	int i, maxlen, argc;
+	char *buffer;
+	wchar_t **wenv, **wargv;
+	_startupinfo si;
+
+	/* get wide char arguments and environment */
+	si.newmode = 0;
+	if (__wgetmainargs(&argc, &wargv, &wenv, _CRT_glob, &si) < 0)
+		die_startup();
+
+	/* determine size of argv and environ conversion buffer */
+	maxlen = wcslen(_wpgmptr);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wargv[i]));
+	for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
+		maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wenv[i]));
+
+	/*
+	 * nedmalloc can't free CRT memory, allocate resizable environment
+	 * list. Note that xmalloc / xmemdupz etc. call getenv, so we cannot
+	 * use it while initializing the environment itself.
+	 */
+	environ_size = i + 1;
+	environ_alloc = alloc_nr(environ_size * sizeof(char*));
+	environ = malloc_startup(environ_alloc);
+
+	/* allocate buffer (wchar_t encodes to max 3 UTF-8 bytes) */
+	maxlen = 3 * maxlen + 1;
+	buffer = malloc_startup(maxlen);
+
+	/* convert command line arguments and environment to UTF-8 */
+	__argv[0] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, _wpgmptr, maxlen);
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+		__argv[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wargv[i], maxlen);
+	for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
+		environ[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wenv[i], maxlen);
+	environ[i] = NULL;
+	free(buffer);
+
+	/* sort environment for O(log n) getenv / putenv */
+	qsort(environ, i, sizeof(char*), compareenv);
+
+	/* fix Windows specific environment settings */
+
+	/* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
+	if (!mingw_getenv("TMPDIR")) {
+		const char *tmp = mingw_getenv("TMP");
+		if (!tmp)
+			tmp = mingw_getenv("TEMP");
+		if (tmp)
+			setenv("TMPDIR", tmp, 1);
+	}
+
+	/* simulate TERM to enable auto-color (see color.c) */
+	if (!getenv("TERM"))
+		setenv("TERM", "cygwin", 1);
+
+	/* initialize critical section for waitpid pinfo_t list */
+	InitializeCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
+
+	/* set up default file mode and file modes for stdin/out/err */
+	_fmode = _O_BINARY;
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
+	_setmode(_fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY);
+
+	/* initialize Unicode console */
+	winansi_init();
+}
diff --git a/compat/mingw.h b/compat/mingw.h
index 0ff1e04812..5e499cfb71 100644
--- a/compat/mingw.h
+++ b/compat/mingw.h
@@ -22,16 +22,22 @@ typedef int socklen_t;
 #define S_IWOTH 0
 #define S_IXOTH 0
 #define S_IRWXO (S_IROTH | S_IWOTH | S_IXOTH)
-#define S_ISUID 0
-#define S_ISGID 0
-#define S_ISVTX 0
+
+#define S_ISUID 0004000
+#define S_ISGID 0002000
+#define S_ISVTX 0001000
 
 #define WIFEXITED(x) 1
 #define WIFSIGNALED(x) 0
 #define WEXITSTATUS(x) ((x) & 0xff)
 #define WTERMSIG(x) SIGTERM
 
+#ifndef EWOULDBLOCK
 #define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN
+#endif
+#ifndef ELOOP
+#define ELOOP EMLINK
+#endif
 #define SHUT_WR SD_SEND
 
 #define SIGHUP 1
@@ -45,8 +51,12 @@ typedef int socklen_t;
 #define F_SETFD 2
 #define FD_CLOEXEC 0x1
 
+#ifndef EAFNOSUPPORT
 #define EAFNOSUPPORT WSAEAFNOSUPPORT
+#endif
+#ifndef ECONNABORTED
 #define ECONNABORTED WSAECONNABORTED
+#endif
 
 struct passwd {
 	char *pw_name;
@@ -54,14 +64,11 @@ struct passwd {
 	char *pw_dir;
 };
 
-extern char *getpass(const char *prompt);
-
 typedef void (__cdecl *sig_handler_t)(int);
 struct sigaction {
 	sig_handler_t sa_handler;
 	unsigned sa_flags;
 };
-#define sigemptyset(x) (void)0
 #define SA_RESTART 0
 
 struct itimerval {
@@ -108,15 +115,18 @@ static inline int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, ...)
 }
 /* bash cannot reliably detect negative return codes as failure */
 #define exit(code) exit((code) & 0xff)
+#define sigemptyset(x) (void)0
+static inline int sigaddset(sigset_t *set, int signum)
+{ return 0; }
+#define SIG_UNBLOCK 0
+static inline int sigprocmask(int how, const sigset_t *set, sigset_t *oldset)
+{ return 0; }
 
 /*
  * simple adaptors
  */
 
-static inline int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode)
-{
-	return mkdir(path);
-}
+int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode);
 #define mkdir mingw_mkdir
 
 #define WNOHANG 1
@@ -175,8 +185,8 @@ int mingw_rmdir(const char *path);
 int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...);
 #define open mingw_open
 
-ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
-#define write mingw_write
+int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream);
+#define fgetc mingw_fgetc
 
 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype);
 #define fopen mingw_fopen
@@ -184,11 +194,30 @@ FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype);
 FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream);
 #define freopen mingw_freopen
 
+int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream);
+#define fflush mingw_fflush
+
+int mingw_access(const char *filename, int mode);
+#undef access
+#define access mingw_access
+
+int mingw_chdir(const char *dirname);
+#define chdir mingw_chdir
+
+int mingw_chmod(const char *filename, int mode);
+#define chmod mingw_chmod
+
+char *mingw_mktemp(char *template);
+#define mktemp mingw_mktemp
+
 char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len);
 #define getcwd mingw_getcwd
 
 char *mingw_getenv(const char *name);
 #define getenv mingw_getenv
+int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue);
+#define putenv mingw_putenv
+#define unsetenv mingw_putenv
 
 int mingw_gethostname(char *host, int namelen);
 #define gethostname mingw_gethostname
@@ -253,19 +282,35 @@ static inline int getrlimit(int resource, struct rlimit *rlp)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-/* Use mingw_lstat() instead of lstat()/stat() and
- * mingw_fstat() instead of fstat() on Windows.
+/*
+ * Use mingw specific stat()/lstat()/fstat() implementations on Windows.
  */
 #define off_t off64_t
 #define lseek _lseeki64
-#ifndef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
+
+/* use struct stat with 64 bit st_size */
+#ifdef stat
+#undef stat
+#endif
 #define stat _stati64
 int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
+#ifdef fstat
+#undef fstat
+#endif
 #define fstat mingw_fstat
+#ifdef lstat
+#undef lstat
+#endif
 #define lstat mingw_lstat
-#define _stati64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+
+#ifndef _stati64
+# define _stati64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+#elif defined (_USE_32BIT_TIME_T)
+# define _stat32i64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
+#else
+# define _stat64(x,y) mingw_stat(x,y)
 #endif
 
 int mingw_utime(const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times);
@@ -274,9 +319,9 @@ int mingw_utime(const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times);
 pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 		     const char *dir,
 		     int fhin, int fhout, int fherr);
-void mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
+int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
 #define execvp mingw_execvp
-void mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
+int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv);
 #define execv mingw_execv
 
 static inline unsigned int git_ntohl(unsigned int x)
@@ -286,16 +331,15 @@ static inline unsigned int git_ntohl(unsigned int x)
 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler);
 #define signal mingw_signal
 
+int mingw_raise(int sig);
+#define raise mingw_raise
+
 /*
  * ANSI emulation wrappers
  */
 
-int winansi_fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream);
-int winansi_printf(const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
-int winansi_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
-#define fputs winansi_fputs
-#define printf(...) winansi_printf(__VA_ARGS__)
-#define fprintf(...) winansi_fprintf(__VA_ARGS__)
+void winansi_init(void);
+HANDLE winansi_get_osfhandle(int fd);
 
 /*
  * git specific compatibility
@@ -312,36 +356,140 @@ static inline char *mingw_find_last_dir_sep(const char *path)
 	return ret;
 }
 #define find_last_dir_sep mingw_find_last_dir_sep
+int mingw_offset_1st_component(const char *path);
+#define offset_1st_component mingw_offset_1st_component
 #define PATH_SEP ';'
 #define PRIuMAX "I64u"
+#define PRId64 "I64d"
 
 void mingw_open_html(const char *path);
 #define open_html mingw_open_html
 
-/*
- * helpers
+void mingw_mark_as_git_dir(const char *dir);
+#define mark_as_git_dir mingw_mark_as_git_dir
+
+/**
+ * Converts UTF-8 encoded string to UTF-16LE.
+ *
+ * To support repositories with legacy-encoded file names, invalid UTF-8 bytes
+ * 0xa0 - 0xff are converted to corresponding printable Unicode chars \u00a0 -
+ * \u00ff, and invalid UTF-8 bytes 0x80 - 0x9f (which would make non-printable
+ * Unicode) are converted to hex-code.
+ *
+ * Lead-bytes not followed by an appropriate number of trail-bytes, over-long
+ * encodings and 4-byte encodings > \u10ffff are detected as invalid UTF-8.
+ *
+ * Maximum space requirement for the target buffer is two wide chars per UTF-8
+ * char (((strlen(utf) * 2) + 1) [* sizeof(wchar_t)]).
+ *
+ * The maximum space is needed only if the entire input string consists of
+ * invalid UTF-8 bytes in range 0x80-0x9f, as per the following table:
+ *
+ *               |                   | UTF-8 | UTF-16 |
+ *   Code point  |  UTF-8 sequence   | bytes | words  | ratio
+ * --------------+-------------------+-------+--------+-------
+ * 000000-00007f | 0-7f              |   1   |   1    |  1
+ * 000080-0007ff | c2-df + 80-bf     |   2   |   1    |  0.5
+ * 000800-00ffff | e0-ef + 2 * 80-bf |   3   |   1    |  0.33
+ * 010000-10ffff | f0-f4 + 3 * 80-bf |   4   |  2 (a) |  0.5
+ * invalid       | 80-9f             |   1   |  2 (b) |  2
+ * invalid       | a0-ff             |   1   |   1    |  1
+ *
+ * (a) encoded as UTF-16 surrogate pair
+ * (b) encoded as two hex digits
+ *
+ * Note that, while the UTF-8 encoding scheme can be extended to 5-byte, 6-byte
+ * or even indefinite-byte sequences, the largest valid code point \u10ffff
+ * encodes as only 4 UTF-8 bytes.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ * wcs: wide char target buffer
+ * utf: string to convert
+ * wcslen: size of target buffer (in wchar_t's)
+ * utflen: size of string to convert, or -1 if 0-terminated
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ * length of converted string (_wcslen(wcs)), or -1 on failure
+ *
+ * Errors:
+ * EINVAL: one of the input parameters is invalid (e.g. NULL)
+ * ERANGE: the output buffer is too small
+ */
+int xutftowcsn(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utf, size_t wcslen, int utflen);
+
+/**
+ * Simplified variant of xutftowcsn, assumes input string is \0-terminated.
+ */
+static inline int xutftowcs(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utf, size_t wcslen)
+{
+	return xutftowcsn(wcs, utf, wcslen, -1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Simplified file system specific variant of xutftowcsn, assumes output
+ * buffer size is MAX_PATH wide chars and input string is \0-terminated,
+ * fails with ENAMETOOLONG if input string is too long.
  */
+static inline int xutftowcs_path(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utf)
+{
+	int result = xutftowcsn(wcs, utf, MAX_PATH, -1);
+	if (result < 0 && errno == ERANGE)
+		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+	return result;
+}
 
-char **make_augmented_environ(const char *const *vars);
-void free_environ(char **env);
+/**
+ * Converts UTF-16LE encoded string to UTF-8.
+ *
+ * Maximum space requirement for the target buffer is three UTF-8 chars per
+ * wide char ((_wcslen(wcs) * 3) + 1).
+ *
+ * The maximum space is needed only if the entire input string consists of
+ * UTF-16 words in range 0x0800-0xd7ff or 0xe000-0xffff (i.e. \u0800-\uffff
+ * modulo surrogate pairs), as per the following table:
+ *
+ *               |                       | UTF-16 | UTF-8 |
+ *   Code point  |  UTF-16 sequence      | words  | bytes | ratio
+ * --------------+-----------------------+--------+-------+-------
+ * 000000-00007f | 0000-007f             |   1    |   1   |  1
+ * 000080-0007ff | 0080-07ff             |   1    |   2   |  2
+ * 000800-00ffff | 0800-d7ff / e000-ffff |   1    |   3   |  3
+ * 010000-10ffff | d800-dbff + dc00-dfff |   2    |   4   |  2
+ *
+ * Note that invalid code points > 10ffff cannot be represented in UTF-16.
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ * utf: target buffer
+ * wcs: wide string to convert
+ * utflen: size of target buffer
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ * length of converted string, or -1 on failure
+ *
+ * Errors:
+ * EINVAL: one of the input parameters is invalid (e.g. NULL)
+ * ERANGE: the output buffer is too small
+ */
+int xwcstoutf(char *utf, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t utflen);
+
+/*
+ * A critical section used in the implementation of the spawn
+ * functions (mingw_spawnv[p]e()) and waitpid(). Intialised in
+ * the replacement main() macro below.
+ */
+extern CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
 
 /*
- * A replacement of main() that ensures that argv[0] has a path
- * and that default fmode and std(in|out|err) are in binary mode
+ * A replacement of main() that adds win32 specific initialization.
  */
 
+void mingw_startup();
 #define main(c,v) dummy_decl_mingw_main(); \
-static int mingw_main(); \
-int main(int argc, const char **argv) \
+static int mingw_main(c,v); \
+int main(int argc, char **argv) \
 { \
-	extern CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs; \
-	_fmode = _O_BINARY; \
-	_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY); \
-	_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY); \
-	_setmode(_fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY); \
-	argv[0] = xstrdup(_pgmptr); \
-	InitializeCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs); \
-	return mingw_main(argc, argv); \
+	mingw_startup(); \
+	return mingw_main(__argc, (void *)__argv); \
 } \
 static int mingw_main(c,v)
 
diff --git a/compat/mkdir.c b/compat/mkdir.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e253fb72f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/mkdir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "../git-compat-util.h"
+#undef mkdir
+
+/* for platforms that can't deal with a trailing '/' */
+int compat_mkdir_wo_trailing_slash(const char *dir, mode_t mode)
+{
+	int retval;
+	char *tmp_dir = NULL;
+	size_t len = strlen(dir);
+
+	if (len && dir[len-1] == '/') {
+		if ((tmp_dir = strdup(dir)) == NULL)
+			return -1;
+		tmp_dir[len-1] = '\0';
+	}
+	else
+		tmp_dir = (char *)dir;
+
+	retval = mkdir(tmp_dir, mode);
+	if (tmp_dir != dir)
+		free(tmp_dir);
+
+	return retval;
+}
diff --git a/compat/mmap.c b/compat/mmap.c
index c9d46d1742..7f662fef7b 100644
--- a/compat/mmap.c
+++ b/compat/mmap.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t of
 	}
 
 	while (n < length) {
-		ssize_t count = pread(fd, (char *)start + n, length - n, offset + n);
+		ssize_t count = xpread(fd, (char *)start + n, length - n, offset + n);
 
 		if (count == 0) {
 			memset((char *)start+n, 0, length-n);
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t of
 		}
 
 		if (count < 0) {
-			if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR)
-				continue;
 			free(start);
 			errno = EACCES;
 			return MAP_FAILED;
diff --git a/compat/msvc.h b/compat/msvc.h
index aa4b56315a..580bb55bf4 100644
--- a/compat/msvc.h
+++ b/compat/msvc.h
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #define __attribute__(x)
 #define strncasecmp  _strnicmp
 #define ftruncate    _chsize
+#define strtoull     _strtoui64
+#define strtoll      _strtoi64
 
 static __inline int strcasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2)
 {
@@ -22,21 +24,6 @@ static __inline int strcasecmp (const char *s1, const char *s2)
 
 #undef ERROR
 
-/* Use mingw_lstat() instead of lstat()/stat() and mingw_fstat() instead
- * of fstat(). We add the declaration of these functions here, suppressing
- * the corresponding declarations in mingw.h, so that we can use the
- * appropriate structure type (and function) names from the msvc headers.
- */
-#define stat _stat64
-int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf);
-int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf);
-#define fstat mingw_fstat
-#define lstat mingw_lstat
-#define _stat64(x,y) mingw_lstat(x,y)
-#define ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
-
 #include "compat/mingw.h"
 
-#undef ALREADY_DECLARED_STAT_FUNCS
-
 #endif
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
index 876365646e..07cbf50c0f 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/Readme.txt
@@ -97,10 +97,10 @@ Chew for reporting this.
 
 v1.04alpha_svn915 7th October 2006:
  * Fixed failure to unlock thread cache list if allocating a new list failed.
-Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for reporting this. Futher thanks to Aleksey Sanin.
+Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for reporting this. Further thanks to Aleksey Sanin.
  * Fixed realloc(0, <size>) segfaulting. Thanks to Dmitry Chichkov for
 reporting this.
- * Made config defines #ifndef so they can be overriden by the build system.
+ * Made config defines #ifndef so they can be overridden by the build system.
 Thanks to Aleksey Sanin for suggesting this.
  * Fixed deadlock in nedprealloc() due to unnecessary locking of preferred
 thread mspace when mspace_realloc() always uses the original block's mspace
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
index ff7c2c4fd8..f216a2a7d3 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/malloc.c.h
@@ -484,6 +484,10 @@ MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE   default: 4095 unless not HAVE_MMAP
 #define DLMALLOC_VERSION 20804
 #endif /* DLMALLOC_VERSION */
 
+#if defined(linux)
+#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
+#endif
+
 #ifndef WIN32
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #define WIN32 1
@@ -495,7 +499,9 @@ MAX_RELEASE_CHECK_RATE   default: 4095 unless not HAVE_MMAP
 #endif  /* WIN32 */
 #ifdef WIN32
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT
 #define _WIN32_WINNT 0x403
+#endif
 #include <windows.h>
 #define HAVE_MMAP 1
 #define HAVE_MORECORE 0
@@ -1802,7 +1808,7 @@ struct win32_mlock_t
 
 static MLOCK_T malloc_global_mutex = { 0, 0, 0};
 
-static FORCEINLINE long win32_getcurrentthreadid() {
+static FORCEINLINE long win32_getcurrentthreadid(void) {
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #if defined(_M_IX86)
   long *threadstruct=(long *)__readfsdword(0x18);
@@ -3598,8 +3604,8 @@ static void internal_malloc_stats(mstate m) {
      and choose its bk node as its replacement.
   2. If x was the last node of its size, but not a leaf node, it must
      be replaced with a leaf node (not merely one with an open left or
-     right), to make sure that lefts and rights of descendents
-     correspond properly to bit masks.  We use the rightmost descendent
+     right), to make sure that lefts and rights of descendants
+     correspond properly to bit masks.  We use the rightmost descendant
      of x.  We could use any other leaf, but this is easy to locate and
      tends to counteract removal of leftmosts elsewhere, and so keeps
      paths shorter than minimally guaranteed.  This doesn't loop much
@@ -4778,7 +4784,7 @@ void* dlmalloc(size_t bytes) {
 
 void dlfree(void* mem) {
   /*
-     Consolidate freed chunks with preceeding or succeeding bordering
+     Consolidate freed chunks with preceding or succeeding bordering
      free chunks, if they exist, and then place in a bin.  Intermixed
      with special cases for top, dv, mmapped chunks, and usage errors.
   */
@@ -5680,10 +5686,10 @@ History:
 	Wolfram Gloger (Gloger@lrz.uni-muenchen.de).
       * Use last_remainder in more cases.
       * Pack bins using idea from  colin@nyx10.cs.du.edu
-      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshhold
+      * Use ordered bins instead of best-fit threshold
       * Eliminate block-local decls to simplify tracing and debugging.
       * Support another case of realloc via move into top
-      * Fix error occuring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
+      * Fix error occurring when initial sbrk_base not word-aligned.
       * Rely on page size for units instead of SBRK_UNIT to
 	avoid surprises about sbrk alignment conventions.
       * Add mallinfo, mallopt. Thanks to Raymond Nijssen
diff --git a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
index d9a17a8057..609ebba125 100644
--- a/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
+++ b/compat/nedmalloc/nedmalloc.c
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ struct mallinfo nedmallinfo(void) THROWSPEC			{ return nedpmallinfo(0); }
 #endif
 int    nedmallopt(int parno, int value) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpmallopt(0, parno, value); }
 int    nedmalloc_trim(size_t pad) THROWSPEC			{ return nedpmalloc_trim(0, pad); }
-void   nedmalloc_stats() THROWSPEC					{ nedpmalloc_stats(0); }
-size_t nedmalloc_footprint() THROWSPEC				{ return nedpmalloc_footprint(0); }
+void   nedmalloc_stats(void) THROWSPEC					{ nedpmalloc_stats(0); }
+size_t nedmalloc_footprint(void) THROWSPEC				{ return nedpmalloc_footprint(0); }
 void **nedindependent_calloc(size_t elemsno, size_t elemsize, void **chunks) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpindependent_calloc(0, elemsno, elemsize, chunks); }
 void **nedindependent_comalloc(size_t elems, size_t *sizes, void **chunks) THROWSPEC	{ return nedpindependent_comalloc(0, elems, sizes, chunks); }
 
@@ -603,7 +603,10 @@ static NOINLINE mstate FindMSpace(nedpool *p, threadcache *tc, int *lastUsed, si
 		}
 		/* We really want to make sure this goes into memory now but we
 		have to be careful of breaking aliasing rules, so write it twice */
-		*((volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end])=p->m[end]=temp;
+		{
+			volatile struct malloc_state **_m=(volatile struct malloc_state **) &p->m[end];
+			*_m=(p->m[end]=temp);
+		}
 		ACQUIRE_LOCK(&p->m[end]->mutex);
 		/*printf("Created mspace idx %d\n", end);*/
 		RELEASE_LOCK(&p->mutex);
diff --git a/compat/obstack.h b/compat/obstack.h
index d178bd6716..ceb4bdbcdd 100644
--- a/compat/obstack.h
+++ b/compat/obstack.h
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
 #define __BPTR_ALIGN(B, P, A) ((B) + (((P) - (B) + (A)) & ~(A)))
 
-/* Similiar to _BPTR_ALIGN (B, P, A), except optimize the common case
+/* Similar to _BPTR_ALIGN (B, P, A), except optimize the common case
    where pointers can be converted to integers, aligned as integers,
    and converted back again.  If PTR_INT_TYPE is narrower than a
    pointer (e.g., the AS/400), play it safe and compute the alignment
diff --git a/compat/win32/poll.c b/compat/poll/poll.c
index 403eaa7a3c..a9b41d89f4 100644
--- a/compat/win32/poll.c
+++ b/compat/poll/poll.c
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 # pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wtype-limits"
 #endif
 
-#include <malloc.h>
+#if defined(WIN32)
+# include <malloc.h>
+#endif
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@
 
 #if (defined _WIN32 || defined __WIN32__) && ! defined __CYGWIN__
 # define WIN32_NATIVE
-# if defined (_MSC_VER)
+# if defined (_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
 #  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502
 # endif
 # include <winsock2.h>
@@ -48,7 +50,9 @@
 #else
 # include <sys/time.h>
 # include <sys/socket.h>
-# include <sys/select.h>
+# ifndef NO_SYS_SELECT_H
+#  include <sys/select.h>
+# endif
 # include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -302,6 +306,10 @@ compute_revents (int fd, int sought, fd_set *rfds, fd_set *wfds, fd_set *efds)
 	       || socket_errno == ECONNABORTED || socket_errno == ENETRESET)
 	happened |= POLLHUP;
 
+      /* some systems can't use recv() on non-socket, including HP NonStop */
+      else if (/* (r == -1) && */ socket_errno == ENOTSOCK)
+	happened |= (POLLIN | POLLRDNORM) & sought;
+
       else
 	happened |= POLLERR;
     }
@@ -349,7 +357,7 @@ poll (struct pollfd *pfd, nfds_t nfd, int timeout)
 
   /* EFAULT is not necessary to implement, but let's do it in the
      simplest case. */
-  if (!pfd)
+  if (!pfd && nfd)
     {
       errno = EFAULT;
       return -1;
@@ -568,7 +576,7 @@ restart:
 	{
 	  /* It's a socket.  */
 	  WSAEnumNetworkEvents ((SOCKET) h, NULL, &ev);
-	  WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, 0, 0);
+	  WSAEventSelect ((SOCKET) h, NULL, 0);
 
 	  /* If we're lucky, WSAEnumNetworkEvents already provided a way
 	     to distinguish FD_READ and FD_ACCEPT; this saves a recv later.  */
@@ -597,7 +605,7 @@ restart:
 
   if (!rc && timeout == INFTIM)
     {
-      SwitchToThread();
+      SleepEx (1, TRUE);
       goto restart;
     }
 
diff --git a/compat/win32/poll.h b/compat/poll/poll.h
index b7aa59d973..b7aa59d973 100644
--- a/compat/win32/poll.h
+++ b/compat/poll/poll.h
diff --git a/compat/precompose_utf8.c b/compat/precompose_utf8.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95fe849e42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/precompose_utf8.c
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/*
+ * Converts filenames from decomposed unicode into precomposed unicode.
+ * Used on MacOS X.
+ */
+
+#define PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_C
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "precompose_utf8.h"
+
+typedef char *iconv_ibp;
+static const char *repo_encoding = "UTF-8";
+static const char *path_encoding = "UTF-8-MAC";
+
+static size_t has_non_ascii(const char *s, size_t maxlen, size_t *strlen_c)
+{
+	const uint8_t *ptr = (const uint8_t *)s;
+	size_t strlen_chars = 0;
+	size_t ret = 0;
+
+	if (!ptr || !*ptr)
+		return 0;
+
+	while (*ptr && maxlen) {
+		if (*ptr & 0x80)
+			ret++;
+		strlen_chars++;
+		ptr++;
+		maxlen--;
+	}
+	if (strlen_c)
+		*strlen_c = strlen_chars;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+void probe_utf8_pathname_composition(char *path, int len)
+{
+	static const char *auml_nfc = "\xc3\xa4";
+	static const char *auml_nfd = "\x61\xcc\x88";
+	int output_fd;
+	if (precomposed_unicode != -1)
+		return; /* We found it defined in the global config, respect it */
+	strcpy(path + len, auml_nfc);
+	output_fd = open(path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_RDWR, 0600);
+	if (output_fd >= 0) {
+		close(output_fd);
+		strcpy(path + len, auml_nfd);
+		precomposed_unicode = access(path, R_OK) ? 0 : 1;
+		git_config_set("core.precomposeunicode", precomposed_unicode ? "true" : "false");
+		strcpy(path + len, auml_nfc);
+		if (unlink(path))
+			die_errno(_("failed to unlink '%s'"), path);
+	}
+}
+
+
+void precompose_argv(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+	const char *oldarg;
+	char *newarg;
+	iconv_t ic_precompose;
+
+	if (precomposed_unicode != 1)
+		return;
+
+	ic_precompose = iconv_open(repo_encoding, path_encoding);
+	if (ic_precompose == (iconv_t) -1)
+		return;
+
+	while (i < argc) {
+		size_t namelen;
+		oldarg = argv[i];
+		if (has_non_ascii(oldarg, (size_t)-1, &namelen)) {
+			newarg = reencode_string_iconv(oldarg, namelen, ic_precompose, NULL);
+			if (newarg)
+				argv[i] = newarg;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	iconv_close(ic_precompose);
+}
+
+
+PREC_DIR *precompose_utf8_opendir(const char *dirname)
+{
+	PREC_DIR *prec_dir = xmalloc(sizeof(PREC_DIR));
+	prec_dir->dirent_nfc = xmalloc(sizeof(dirent_prec_psx));
+	prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len = sizeof(prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name);
+
+	prec_dir->dirp = opendir(dirname);
+	if (!prec_dir->dirp) {
+		free(prec_dir->dirent_nfc);
+		free(prec_dir);
+		return NULL;
+	} else {
+		int ret_errno = errno;
+		prec_dir->ic_precompose = iconv_open(repo_encoding, path_encoding);
+		/* if iconv_open() fails, die() in readdir() if needed */
+		errno = ret_errno;
+	}
+
+	return prec_dir;
+}
+
+struct dirent_prec_psx *precompose_utf8_readdir(PREC_DIR *prec_dir)
+{
+	struct dirent *res;
+	res = readdir(prec_dir->dirp);
+	if (res) {
+		size_t namelenz = strlen(res->d_name) + 1; /* \0 */
+		size_t new_maxlen = namelenz;
+
+		int ret_errno = errno;
+
+		if (new_maxlen > prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len) {
+			size_t new_len = sizeof(dirent_prec_psx) + new_maxlen -
+				sizeof(prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name);
+
+			prec_dir->dirent_nfc = xrealloc(prec_dir->dirent_nfc, new_len);
+			prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len = new_maxlen;
+		}
+
+		prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_ino  = res->d_ino;
+		prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_type = res->d_type;
+
+		if ((precomposed_unicode == 1) && has_non_ascii(res->d_name, (size_t)-1, NULL)) {
+			if (prec_dir->ic_precompose == (iconv_t)-1) {
+				die("iconv_open(%s,%s) failed, but needed:\n"
+						"    precomposed unicode is not supported.\n"
+						"    If you want to use decomposed unicode, run\n"
+						"    \"git config core.precomposeunicode false\"\n",
+						repo_encoding, path_encoding);
+			} else {
+				iconv_ibp	cp = (iconv_ibp)res->d_name;
+				size_t inleft = namelenz;
+				char *outpos = &prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name[0];
+				size_t outsz = prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len;
+				size_t cnt;
+				errno = 0;
+				cnt = iconv(prec_dir->ic_precompose, &cp, &inleft, &outpos, &outsz);
+				if (errno || inleft) {
+					/*
+					 * iconv() failed and errno could be E2BIG, EILSEQ, EINVAL, EBADF
+					 * MacOS X avoids illegal byte sequemces.
+					 * If they occur on a mounted drive (e.g. NFS) it is not worth to
+					 * die() for that, but rather let the user see the original name
+					*/
+					namelenz = 0; /* trigger strlcpy */
+				}
+			}
+		} else
+			namelenz = 0;
+
+		if (!namelenz)
+			strlcpy(prec_dir->dirent_nfc->d_name, res->d_name,
+							prec_dir->dirent_nfc->max_name_len);
+
+		errno = ret_errno;
+		return prec_dir->dirent_nfc;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int precompose_utf8_closedir(PREC_DIR *prec_dir)
+{
+	int ret_value;
+	int ret_errno;
+	ret_value = closedir(prec_dir->dirp);
+	ret_errno = errno;
+	if (prec_dir->ic_precompose != (iconv_t)-1)
+		iconv_close(prec_dir->ic_precompose);
+	free(prec_dir->dirent_nfc);
+	free(prec_dir);
+	errno = ret_errno;
+	return ret_value;
+}
diff --git a/compat/precompose_utf8.h b/compat/precompose_utf8.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b73585fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/precompose_utf8.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_H
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <iconv.h>
+
+
+typedef struct dirent_prec_psx {
+	ino_t d_ino;            /* Posix */
+	size_t max_name_len;    /* See below */
+	unsigned char d_type;   /* available on all systems git runs on */
+
+	/*
+	 * See http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/dirent.h.html
+	 * NAME_MAX + 1 should be enough, but some systems have
+	 * NAME_MAX=255 and strlen(d_name) may return 508 or 510
+	 * Solution: allocate more when needed, see precompose_utf8_readdir()
+	 */
+	char   d_name[NAME_MAX+1];
+} dirent_prec_psx;
+
+
+typedef struct {
+	iconv_t ic_precompose;
+	DIR *dirp;
+	struct dirent_prec_psx *dirent_nfc;
+} PREC_DIR;
+
+void precompose_argv(int argc, const char **argv);
+void probe_utf8_pathname_composition(char *, int);
+
+PREC_DIR *precompose_utf8_opendir(const char *dirname);
+struct dirent_prec_psx *precompose_utf8_readdir(PREC_DIR *dirp);
+int precompose_utf8_closedir(PREC_DIR *dirp);
+
+#ifndef PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_C
+#define dirent dirent_prec_psx
+#define opendir(n) precompose_utf8_opendir(n)
+#define readdir(d) precompose_utf8_readdir(d)
+#define closedir(d) precompose_utf8_closedir(d)
+#define DIR PREC_DIR
+#endif /* PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_C */
+
+#define  PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_H
+#endif /* PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE_H */
diff --git a/compat/regex/regcomp.c b/compat/regex/regcomp.c
index 8c96ed942c..06f3088708 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regcomp.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regcomp.c
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ re_compile_fastmap_iter (regex_t *bufp, const re_dfastate_t *init_state,
 	      p = buf;
 	      *p++ = dfa->nodes[node].opr.c;
 	      while (++node < dfa->nodes_len
-		     &&	dfa->nodes[node].type == CHARACTER
+		     && dfa->nodes[node].type == CHARACTER
 		     && dfa->nodes[node].mb_partial)
 		*p++ = dfa->nodes[node].opr.c;
 	      memset (&state, '\0', sizeof (state));
@@ -2095,7 +2095,7 @@ peek_token_bracket (re_token_t *token, re_string_t *input, reg_syntax_t syntax)
 
 /* Entry point of the parser.
    Parse the regular expression REGEXP and return the structure tree.
-   If an error is occured, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
+   If an error has occurred, ERR is set by error code, and return NULL.
    This function build the following tree, from regular expression <reg_exp>:
 	   CAT
 	   / \
@@ -2617,7 +2617,7 @@ parse_dup_op (bin_tree_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa,
      Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
      at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
-     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument sinse we may
+     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
      update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
@@ -2788,7 +2788,7 @@ parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
   const int32_t *symb_table;
   const unsigned char *extra;
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Seek the collating symbol entry correspondings to NAME.
      Return the index of the symbol in the SYMB_TABLE.  */
 
@@ -2892,11 +2892,11 @@ parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
       return UINT_MAX;
     }
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Build the range expression which starts from START_ELEM, and ends
      at END_ELEM.  The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      RANGE_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->range_starts, and
-     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument sinse we may
+     mbcset->range_ends, is a pointer argument since we may
      update it.  */
 
   auto inline reg_errcode_t
@@ -2976,11 +2976,11 @@ parse_bracket_exp (re_string_t *regexp, re_dfa_t *dfa, re_token_t *token,
       return REG_NOERROR;
     }
 
-  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environement.
+  /* Local function for parse_bracket_exp used in _LIBC environment.
      Build the collating element which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      COLL_SYM_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->coll_sym, is a
-     pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
   auto inline reg_errcode_t
   __attribute ((always_inline))
@@ -3419,7 +3419,7 @@ parse_bracket_symbol (bracket_elem_t *elem, re_string_t *regexp,
      Build the equivalence class which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      EQUIV_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->equiv_classes,
-     is a pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
 #ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
@@ -3515,7 +3515,7 @@ build_equiv_class (bitset_t sbcset, const unsigned char *name)
      Build the character class which is represented by NAME.
      The result are written to MBCSET and SBCSET.
      CHAR_CLASS_ALLOC is the allocated size of mbcset->char_classes,
-     is a pointer argument sinse we may update it.  */
+     is a pointer argument since we may update it.  */
 
 static reg_errcode_t
 #ifdef RE_ENABLE_I18N
@@ -3715,7 +3715,7 @@ build_charclass_op (re_dfa_t *dfa, RE_TRANSLATE_TYPE trans,
 /* This is intended for the expressions like "a{1,3}".
    Fetch a number from `input', and return the number.
    Return -1, if the number field is empty like "{,1}".
-   Return -2, If an error is occured.  */
+   Return -2, if an error has occurred.  */
 
 static int
 fetch_number (re_string_t *input, re_token_t *token, reg_syntax_t syntax)
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex.c b/compat/regex/regex.c
index 3dd8dfa01f..6aaae00327 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "config.h"
 #endif
 
-/* Make sure noone compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
+/* Make sure no one compiles this code with a C++ compiler.  */
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 # error "This is C code, use a C compiler"
 #endif
diff --git a/compat/regex/regex_internal.c b/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
index 193854cf5b..d4121f2f4f 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regex_internal.c
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ re_node_set_merge (re_node_set *dest, const re_node_set *src)
 
 /* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
    SET should not already have ELEM.
-   return -1 if an error is occured, return 1 otherwise.  */
+   return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
@@ -1341,7 +1341,7 @@ re_node_set_insert (re_node_set *set, int elem)
 
 /* Insert the new element ELEM to the re_node_set* SET.
    SET should not already have any element greater than or equal to ELEM.
-   Return -1 if an error is occured, return 1 otherwise.  */
+   Return -1 if an error has occurred, return 1 otherwise.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@ re_node_set_remove_at (re_node_set *set, int idx)
 
 
 /* Add the token TOKEN to dfa->nodes, and return the index of the token.
-   Or return -1, if an error will be occured.  */
+   Or return -1, if an error has occurred.  */
 
 static int
 internal_function
diff --git a/compat/regex/regexec.c b/compat/regex/regexec.c
index 0194965c5d..eb5e1d4439 100644
--- a/compat/regex/regexec.c
+++ b/compat/regex/regexec.c
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ re_search_stub (struct re_pattern_buffer *bufp,
 
   rval = 0;
 
-  /* I hope we needn't fill ther regs with -1's when no match was found.  */
+  /* I hope we needn't fill their regs with -1's when no match was found.  */
   if (result != REG_NOERROR)
     rval = -1;
   else if (regs != NULL)
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ acquire_init_state_context (reg_errcode_t *err, const re_match_context_t *mctx,
    FL_LONGEST_MATCH means we want the POSIX longest matching.
    If P_MATCH_FIRST is not NULL, and the match fails, it is set to the
    next place where we may want to try matching.
-   Note that the matcher assume that the maching starts from the current
+   Note that the matcher assume that the matching starts from the current
    index of the buffer.  */
 
 static int
@@ -2239,7 +2239,7 @@ sift_states_iter_mb (const re_match_context_t *mctx, re_sift_context_t *sctx,
 			    dfa->nexts[node_idx]))
     /* The node can't accept the `multi byte', or the
        destination was already thrown away, then the node
-       could't accept the current input `multi byte'.   */
+       couldn't accept the current input `multi byte'.   */
     naccepted = 0;
   /* Otherwise, it is sure that the node could accept
      `naccepted' bytes input.  */
@@ -2313,7 +2313,7 @@ transit_state (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
 }
 
 /* Update the state_log if we need */
-re_dfastate_t *
+static re_dfastate_t *
 internal_function
 merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
 		      re_dfastate_t *next_state)
@@ -2326,7 +2326,7 @@ merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
       mctx->state_log[cur_idx] = next_state;
       mctx->state_log_top = cur_idx;
     }
-  else if (mctx->state_log[cur_idx] == 0)
+  else if (mctx->state_log[cur_idx] == NULL)
     {
       mctx->state_log[cur_idx] = next_state;
     }
@@ -2392,7 +2392,7 @@ merge_state_with_log (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx,
 /* Skip bytes in the input that correspond to part of a
    multi-byte match, then look in the log for a state
    from which to restart matching.  */
-re_dfastate_t *
+static re_dfastate_t *
 internal_function
 find_recover_state (reg_errcode_t *err, re_match_context_t *mctx)
 {
diff --git a/compat/stat.c b/compat/stat.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2d3931cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compat/stat.c
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200112L
+#include <sys/stat.h>  /* *stat, S_IS* */
+#include <sys/types.h> /* mode_t       */
+
+static inline mode_t mode_native_to_git(mode_t native_mode)
+{
+	mode_t perm_bits = native_mode & 07777;
+	if (S_ISREG(native_mode))
+		return 0100000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISDIR(native_mode))
+		return 0040000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISLNK(native_mode))
+		return 0120000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISBLK(native_mode))
+		return 0060000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISCHR(native_mode))
+		return 0020000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISFIFO(native_mode))
+		return 0010000 | perm_bits;
+	if (S_ISSOCK(native_mode))
+		return 0140000 | perm_bits;
+	/* Non-standard type bits were given. */
+	return perm_bits;
+}
+
+int git_stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	int rc = stat(path, buf);
+	if (rc == 0)
+		buf->st_mode = mode_native_to_git(buf->st_mode);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+int git_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	int rc = fstat(fd, buf);
+	if (rc == 0)
+		buf->st_mode = mode_native_to_git(buf->st_mode);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+int git_lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf)
+{
+	int rc = lstat(path, buf);
+	if (rc == 0)
+		buf->st_mode = mode_native_to_git(buf->st_mode);
+	return rc;
+}
diff --git a/compat/strtok_r.c b/compat/strtok_r.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b5d568a96..0000000000
--- a/compat/strtok_r.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/* Reentrant string tokenizer.  Generic version.
-   Copyright (C) 1991,1996-1999,2001,2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-   This file is part of the GNU C Library.
-
-   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
-   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
-   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
-
-   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
-   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
-   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
-   02111-1307 USA.  */
-
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-
-/* Parse S into tokens separated by characters in DELIM.
-   If S is NULL, the saved pointer in SAVE_PTR is used as
-   the next starting point.  For example:
-	char s[] = "-abc-=-def";
-	char *sp;
-	x = strtok_r(s, "-", &sp);	// x = "abc", sp = "=-def"
-	x = strtok_r(NULL, "-=", &sp);	// x = "def", sp = NULL
-	x = strtok_r(NULL, "=", &sp);	// x = NULL
-		// s = "abc\0-def\0"
-*/
-char *
-gitstrtok_r (char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr)
-{
-  char *token;
-
-  if (s == NULL)
-    s = *save_ptr;
-
-  /* Scan leading delimiters.  */
-  s += strspn (s, delim);
-  if (*s == '\0')
-    {
-      *save_ptr = s;
-      return NULL;
-    }
-
-  /* Find the end of the token.  */
-  token = s;
-  s = strpbrk (token, delim);
-  if (s == NULL)
-    /* This token finishes the string.  */
-    *save_ptr = token + strlen (token);
-  else
-    {
-      /* Terminate the token and make *SAVE_PTR point past it.  */
-      *s = '\0';
-      *save_ptr = s + 1;
-    }
-  return token;
-}
diff --git a/compat/terminal.c b/compat/terminal.c
index 6d16c8fba0..313897d581 100644
--- a/compat/terminal.c
+++ b/compat/terminal.c
@@ -3,8 +3,22 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
+#if defined(HAVE_DEV_TTY) || defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
+
+static void restore_term(void);
+
+static void restore_term_on_signal(int sig)
+{
+	restore_term();
+	sigchain_pop(sig);
+	raise(sig);
+}
+
 #ifdef HAVE_DEV_TTY
 
+#define INPUT_PATH "/dev/tty"
+#define OUTPUT_PATH "/dev/tty"
+
 static int term_fd = -1;
 static struct termios old_term;
 
@@ -14,57 +28,109 @@ static void restore_term(void)
 		return;
 
 	tcsetattr(term_fd, TCSAFLUSH, &old_term);
+	close(term_fd);
 	term_fd = -1;
 }
 
-static void restore_term_on_signal(int sig)
+static int disable_echo(void)
 {
-	restore_term();
-	sigchain_pop(sig);
-	raise(sig);
+	struct termios t;
+
+	term_fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR);
+	if (tcgetattr(term_fd, &t) < 0)
+		goto error;
+
+	old_term = t;
+	sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
+
+	t.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
+	if (!tcsetattr(term_fd, TCSAFLUSH, &t))
+		return 0;
+
+error:
+	close(term_fd);
+	term_fd = -1;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+#elif defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
+
+#define INPUT_PATH "CONIN$"
+#define OUTPUT_PATH "CONOUT$"
+#define FORCE_TEXT "t"
+
+static HANDLE hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+static DWORD cmode;
+
+static void restore_term(void)
+{
+	if (hconin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return;
+
+	SetConsoleMode(hconin, cmode);
+	CloseHandle(hconin);
+	hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 }
 
+static int disable_echo(void)
+{
+	hconin = CreateFile("CONIN$", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+	    FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+	    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
+	if (hconin == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return -1;
+
+	GetConsoleMode(hconin, &cmode);
+	sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
+	if (!SetConsoleMode(hconin, cmode & (~ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT))) {
+		CloseHandle(hconin);
+		hconin = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FORCE_TEXT
+#define FORCE_TEXT
+#endif
+
 char *git_terminal_prompt(const char *prompt, int echo)
 {
 	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int r;
-	FILE *fh;
+	FILE *input_fh, *output_fh;
 
-	fh = fopen("/dev/tty", "w+");
-	if (!fh)
+	input_fh = fopen(INPUT_PATH, "r" FORCE_TEXT);
+	if (!input_fh)
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (!echo) {
-		struct termios t;
-
-		if (tcgetattr(fileno(fh), &t) < 0) {
-			fclose(fh);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-
-		old_term = t;
-		term_fd = fileno(fh);
-		sigchain_push_common(restore_term_on_signal);
-
-		t.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
-		if (tcsetattr(fileno(fh), TCSAFLUSH, &t) < 0) {
-			term_fd = -1;
-			fclose(fh);
-			return NULL;
-		}
+	output_fh = fopen(OUTPUT_PATH, "w" FORCE_TEXT);
+	if (!output_fh) {
+		fclose(input_fh);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (!echo && disable_echo()) {
+		fclose(input_fh);
+		fclose(output_fh);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	fputs(prompt, fh);
-	fflush(fh);
+	fputs(prompt, output_fh);
+	fflush(output_fh);
 
-	r = strbuf_getline(&buf, fh, '\n');
+	r = strbuf_getline(&buf, input_fh, '\n');
 	if (!echo) {
-		putc('\n', fh);
-		fflush(fh);
+		putc('\n', output_fh);
+		fflush(output_fh);
 	}
 
 	restore_term();
-	fclose(fh);
+	fclose(input_fh);
+	fclose(output_fh);
 
 	if (r == EOF)
 		return NULL;
diff --git a/compat/unsetenv.c b/compat/unsetenv.c
index eb29f5e084..bf5fd7063b 100644
--- a/compat/unsetenv.c
+++ b/compat/unsetenv.c
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 void gitunsetenv (const char *name)
 {
+#if !defined(__MINGW32__)
      extern char **environ;
+#endif
      int src, dst;
      size_t nmln;
 
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0d8552a2c6..0000000000
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/sys/poll.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-/* Intentionally empty file to support building git with MSVC */
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
index b14fcf94da..c65c2cd566 100644
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/include/unistd.h
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ typedef int64_t off64_t;
 #define INTMAX_MAX  _I64_MAX
 #define UINTMAX_MAX _UI64_MAX
 
+#define UINT32_MAX 0xffffffff  /* 4294967295U */
+
+#define STDIN_FILENO  0
 #define STDOUT_FILENO 1
 #define STDERR_FILENO 2
 
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
index 4374771df2..a87d0da512 100644..100755
--- a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ while (@ARGV) {
 		push(@args, "libeay32.lib");
 	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lssl") {
 		push(@args, "ssleay32.lib");
+	} elsif ("$arg" eq "-lcurl") {
+		push(@args, "libcurl.lib");
 	} elsif ("$arg" =~ /^-L/ && "$arg" ne "-LTCG") {
 		$arg =~ s/^-L/-LIBPATH:/;
 		push(@args, $arg);
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
index d8054e469f..d8054e469f 100644..100755
--- a/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
+++ b/compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
diff --git a/compat/win32.h b/compat/win32.h
index 8ce91048de..a97e880757 100644
--- a/compat/win32.h
+++ b/compat/win32.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define WIN32_H
 
 /* common Win32 functions for MinGW and Cygwin */
-#ifndef WIN32         /* Not defined by Cygwin */
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE	/* Not defined for Cygwin */
 #include <windows.h>
 #endif
 
diff --git a/compat/vcbuild/include/alloca.h b/compat/win32/alloca.h
index c0d7985b7e..c0d7985b7e 100644
--- a/compat/vcbuild/include/alloca.h
+++ b/compat/win32/alloca.h
diff --git a/compat/win32/dirent.c b/compat/win32/dirent.c
index 7a0debe51b..52420ec7d4 100644
--- a/compat/win32/dirent.c
+++ b/compat/win32/dirent.c
@@ -1,96 +1,81 @@
-#include "../git-compat-util.h"
-#include "dirent.h"
+#include "../../git-compat-util.h"
 
 struct DIR {
 	struct dirent dd_dir; /* includes d_type */
 	HANDLE dd_handle;     /* FindFirstFile handle */
 	int dd_stat;          /* 0-based index */
-	char dd_name[1];      /* extend struct */
 };
 
+static inline void finddata2dirent(struct dirent *ent, WIN32_FIND_DATAW *fdata)
+{
+	/* convert UTF-16 name to UTF-8 */
+	xwcstoutf(ent->d_name, fdata->cFileName, sizeof(ent->d_name));
+
+	/* Set file type, based on WIN32_FIND_DATA */
+	if (fdata->dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+		ent->d_type = DT_DIR;
+	else
+		ent->d_type = DT_REG;
+}
+
 DIR *opendir(const char *name)
 {
-	DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributesA(name);
+	wchar_t pattern[MAX_PATH + 2]; /* + 2 for '/' '*' */
+	WIN32_FIND_DATAW fdata;
+	HANDLE h;
 	int len;
-	DIR *p;
+	DIR *dir;
 
-	/* check for valid path */
-	if (attrs == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
-		errno = ENOENT;
+	/* convert name to UTF-16 and check length < MAX_PATH */
+	if ((len = xutftowcs_path(pattern, name)) < 0)
 		return NULL;
-	}
 
-	/* check if it's a directory */
-	if (!(attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
-		errno = ENOTDIR;
+	/* append optional '/' and wildcard '*' */
+	if (len && !is_dir_sep(pattern[len - 1]))
+		pattern[len++] = '/';
+	pattern[len++] = '*';
+	pattern[len] = 0;
+
+	/* open find handle */
+	h = FindFirstFileW(pattern, &fdata);
+	if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+		DWORD err = GetLastError();
+		errno = (err == ERROR_DIRECTORY) ? ENOTDIR : err_win_to_posix(err);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	/* check that the pattern won't be too long for FindFirstFileA */
-	len = strlen(name);
-	if (is_dir_sep(name[len - 1]))
-		len--;
-	if (len + 2 >= MAX_PATH) {
-		errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	p = malloc(sizeof(DIR) + len + 2);
-	if (!p)
-		return NULL;
-
-	memset(p, 0, sizeof(DIR) + len + 2);
-	strcpy(p->dd_name, name);
-	p->dd_name[len] = '/';
-	p->dd_name[len+1] = '*';
-
-	p->dd_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-	return p;
+	/* initialize DIR structure and copy first dir entry */
+	dir = xmalloc(sizeof(DIR));
+	dir->dd_handle = h;
+	dir->dd_stat = 0;
+	finddata2dirent(&dir->dd_dir, &fdata);
+	return dir;
 }
 
 struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dir)
 {
-	WIN32_FIND_DATAA buf;
-	HANDLE handle;
-
-	if (!dir || !dir->dd_handle) {
+	if (!dir) {
 		errno = EBADF; /* No set_errno for mingw */
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	if (dir->dd_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && dir->dd_stat == 0) {
-		DWORD lasterr;
-		handle = FindFirstFileA(dir->dd_name, &buf);
-		lasterr = GetLastError();
-		dir->dd_handle = handle;
-		if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)) {
-			errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
+	/* if first entry, dirent has already been set up by opendir */
+	if (dir->dd_stat) {
+		/* get next entry and convert from WIN32_FIND_DATA to dirent */
+		WIN32_FIND_DATAW fdata;
+		if (FindNextFileW(dir->dd_handle, &fdata)) {
+			finddata2dirent(&dir->dd_dir, &fdata);
+		} else {
+			DWORD lasterr = GetLastError();
+			/* POSIX says you shouldn't set errno when readdir can't
+			   find any more files; so, if another error we leave it set. */
+			if (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
+				errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
 			return NULL;
 		}
-	} else if (dir->dd_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-		return NULL;
-	} else if (!FindNextFileA(dir->dd_handle, &buf)) {
-		DWORD lasterr = GetLastError();
-		FindClose(dir->dd_handle);
-		dir->dd_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-		/* POSIX says you shouldn't set errno when readdir can't
-		   find any more files; so, if another error we leave it set. */
-		if (lasterr != ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES)
-			errno = err_win_to_posix(lasterr);
-		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	/* We get here if `buf' contains valid data.  */
-	strcpy(dir->dd_dir.d_name, buf.cFileName);
 	++dir->dd_stat;
-
-	/* Set file type, based on WIN32_FIND_DATA */
-	dir->dd_dir.d_type = 0;
-	if (buf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
-		dir->dd_dir.d_type |= DT_DIR;
-	else
-		dir->dd_dir.d_type |= DT_REG;
-
 	return &dir->dd_dir;
 }
 
@@ -101,8 +86,7 @@ int closedir(DIR *dir)
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	if (dir->dd_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-		FindClose(dir->dd_handle);
+	FindClose(dir->dd_handle);
 	free(dir);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/compat/win32/dirent.h b/compat/win32/dirent.h
index 927a25ca76..058207e4bf 100644
--- a/compat/win32/dirent.h
+++ b/compat/win32/dirent.h
@@ -9,12 +9,8 @@ typedef struct DIR DIR;
 #define DT_LNK     3
 
 struct dirent {
-	long d_ino;                      /* Always zero. */
-	char d_name[FILENAME_MAX];       /* File name. */
-	union {
-		unsigned short d_reclen; /* Always zero. */
-		unsigned char  d_type;   /* Reimplementation adds this */
-	};
+	unsigned char d_type;      /* file type to prevent lstat after readdir */
+	char d_name[MAX_PATH * 3]; /* file name (* 3 for UTF-8 conversion) */
 };
 
 DIR *opendir(const char *dirname);
diff --git a/compat/win32/pthread.c b/compat/win32/pthread.c
index 010e875ec4..e18f5c6e2e 100644
--- a/compat/win32/pthread.c
+++ b/compat/win32/pthread.c
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int win32_pthread_join(pthread_t *thread, void **value_ptr)
 
 pthread_t pthread_self(void)
 {
-	pthread_t t = { 0 };
+	pthread_t t = { NULL };
 	t.tid = GetCurrentThreadId();
 	return t;
 }
diff --git a/compat/win32/pthread.h b/compat/win32/pthread.h
index 2e20548557..8ad187344f 100644
--- a/compat/win32/pthread.h
+++ b/compat/win32/pthread.h
@@ -86,6 +86,11 @@ static inline int pthread_key_create(pthread_key_t *keyp, void (*destructor)(voi
 	return (*keyp = TlsAlloc()) == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES ? EAGAIN : 0;
 }
 
+static inline int pthread_key_delete(pthread_key_t key)
+{
+	return TlsFree(key) ? 0 : EINVAL;
+}
+
 static inline int pthread_setspecific(pthread_key_t key, const void *value)
 {
 	return TlsSetValue(key, (void *)value) ? 0 : EINVAL;
diff --git a/compat/win32mmap.c b/compat/win32mmap.c
index b58aa69fa0..80a8c9af4f 100644
--- a/compat/win32mmap.c
+++ b/compat/win32mmap.c
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t of
 	if (!(flags & MAP_PRIVATE))
 		die("Invalid usage of mmap when built with USE_WIN32_MMAP");
 
-	hmap = CreateFileMapping((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd), 0, PAGE_WRITECOPY,
-		0, 0, 0);
+	hmap = CreateFileMapping((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd), NULL,
+		PAGE_WRITECOPY, 0, 0, NULL);
 
 	if (!hmap)
 		return MAP_FAILED;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ void *git_mmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t of
 	temp = MapViewOfFileEx(hmap, FILE_MAP_COPY, h, l, length, start);
 
 	if (!CloseHandle(hmap))
-		warning("unable to close file mapping handle\n");
+		warning("unable to close file mapping handle");
 
 	return temp ? temp : MAP_FAILED;
 }
diff --git a/compat/winansi.c b/compat/winansi.c
index dedce2104e..efc5bb3a4b 100644
--- a/compat/winansi.c
+++ b/compat/winansi.c
@@ -2,15 +2,10 @@
  * Copyright 2008 Peter Harris <git@peter.is-a-geek.org>
  */
 
+#undef NOGDI
 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
-
-/*
- Functions to be wrapped:
-*/
-#undef printf
-#undef fprintf
-#undef fputs
-/* TODO: write */
+#include <wingdi.h>
+#include <winreg.h>
 
 /*
  ANSI codes used by git: m, K
@@ -23,29 +18,114 @@ static HANDLE console;
 static WORD plain_attr;
 static WORD attr;
 static int negative;
+static int non_ascii_used = 0;
+static HANDLE hthread, hread, hwrite;
+static HANDLE hconsole1, hconsole2;
+
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+typedef struct _CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX {
+	ULONG cbSize;
+	DWORD nFont;
+	COORD dwFontSize;
+	UINT FontFamily;
+	UINT FontWeight;
+	WCHAR FaceName[LF_FACESIZE];
+} CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX, *PCONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX;
+#endif
+
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *PGETCURRENTCONSOLEFONTEX)(HANDLE, BOOL,
+		PCONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX);
+
+static void warn_if_raster_font(void)
+{
+	DWORD fontFamily = 0;
+	PGETCURRENTCONSOLEFONTEX pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx;
+
+	/* don't bother if output was ascii only */
+	if (!non_ascii_used)
+		return;
+
+	/* GetCurrentConsoleFontEx is available since Vista */
+	pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx = (PGETCURRENTCONSOLEFONTEX) GetProcAddress(
+			GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"),
+			"GetCurrentConsoleFontEx");
+	if (pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx) {
+		CONSOLE_FONT_INFOEX cfi;
+		cfi.cbSize = sizeof(cfi);
+		if (pGetCurrentConsoleFontEx(console, 0, &cfi))
+			fontFamily = cfi.FontFamily;
+	} else {
+		/* pre-Vista: check default console font in registry */
+		HKEY hkey;
+		if (ERROR_SUCCESS == RegOpenKeyExA(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, "Console",
+				0, KEY_READ, &hkey)) {
+			DWORD size = sizeof(fontFamily);
+			RegQueryValueExA(hkey, "FontFamily", NULL, NULL,
+					(LPVOID) &fontFamily, &size);
+			RegCloseKey(hkey);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!(fontFamily & TMPF_TRUETYPE)) {
+		const wchar_t *msg = L"\nWarning: Your console font probably "
+			L"doesn\'t support Unicode. If you experience strange "
+			L"characters in the output, consider switching to a "
+			L"TrueType font such as Consolas!\n";
+		DWORD dummy;
+		WriteConsoleW(console, msg, wcslen(msg), &dummy, NULL);
+	}
+}
 
-static void init(void)
+static int is_console(int fd)
 {
 	CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO sbi;
+	HANDLE hcon;
 
 	static int initialized = 0;
-	if (initialized)
-		return;
 
-	console = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
-	if (console == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-		console = NULL;
+	/* get OS handle of the file descriptor */
+	hcon = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
+	if (hcon == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return 0;
 
-	if (!console)
-		return;
+	/* check if its a device (i.e. console, printer, serial port) */
+	if (GetFileType(hcon) != FILE_TYPE_CHAR)
+		return 0;
 
-	GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(console, &sbi);
-	attr = plain_attr = sbi.wAttributes;
-	negative = 0;
+	/* check if its a handle to a console output screen buffer */
+	if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hcon, &sbi))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* initialize attributes */
+	if (!initialized) {
+		console = hcon;
+		attr = plain_attr = sbi.wAttributes;
+		negative = 0;
+		initialized = 1;
+	}
 
-	initialized = 1;
+	return 1;
 }
 
+#define BUFFER_SIZE 4096
+#define MAX_PARAMS 16
+
+static void write_console(unsigned char *str, size_t len)
+{
+	/* only called from console_thread, so a static buffer will do */
+	static wchar_t wbuf[2 * BUFFER_SIZE + 1];
+	DWORD dummy;
+
+	/* convert utf-8 to utf-16 */
+	int wlen = xutftowcsn(wbuf, (char*) str, ARRAY_SIZE(wbuf), len);
+
+	/* write directly to console */
+	WriteConsoleW(console, wbuf, wlen, &dummy, NULL);
+
+	/* remember if non-ascii characters are printed */
+	if (wlen != len)
+		non_ascii_used = 1;
+}
 
 #define FOREGROUND_ALL (FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
 #define BACKGROUND_ALL (BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE)
@@ -90,18 +170,13 @@ static void erase_in_line(void)
 		&dummy);
 }
 
-
-static const char *set_attr(const char *str)
+static void set_attr(char func, const int *params, int paramlen)
 {
-	const char *func;
-	size_t len = strspn(str, "0123456789;");
-	func = str + len;
-
-	switch (*func) {
+	int i;
+	switch (func) {
 	case 'm':
-		do {
-			long val = strtol(str, (char **)&str, 10);
-			switch (val) {
+		for (i = 0; i < paramlen; i++) {
+			switch (params[i]) {
 			case 0: /* reset */
 				attr = plain_attr;
 				negative = 0;
@@ -224,9 +299,7 @@ static const char *set_attr(const char *str)
 				/* Unsupported code */
 				break;
 			}
-			str++;
-		} while (*(str-1) == ';');
-
+		}
 		set_console_attr();
 		break;
 	case 'K':
@@ -236,122 +309,271 @@ static const char *set_attr(const char *str)
 		/* Unsupported code */
 		break;
 	}
-
-	return func + 1;
 }
 
-static int ansi_emulate(const char *str, FILE *stream)
+enum {
+	TEXT = 0, ESCAPE = 033, BRACKET = '['
+};
+
+static DWORD WINAPI console_thread(LPVOID unused)
 {
-	int rv = 0;
-	const char *pos = str;
-
-	while (*pos) {
-		pos = strstr(str, "\033[");
-		if (pos) {
-			size_t len = pos - str;
-
-			if (len) {
-				size_t out_len = fwrite(str, 1, len, stream);
-				rv += out_len;
-				if (out_len < len)
-					return rv;
+	unsigned char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+	DWORD bytes;
+	int start, end = 0, c, parampos = 0, state = TEXT;
+	int params[MAX_PARAMS];
+
+	while (1) {
+		/* read next chunk of bytes from the pipe */
+		if (!ReadFile(hread, buffer + end, BUFFER_SIZE - end, &bytes,
+				NULL)) {
+			/* exit if pipe has been closed or disconnected */
+			if (GetLastError() == ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED ||
+					GetLastError() == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE)
+				break;
+			/* ignore other errors */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* scan the bytes and handle ANSI control codes */
+		bytes += end;
+		start = end = 0;
+		while (end < bytes) {
+			c = buffer[end++];
+			switch (state) {
+			case TEXT:
+				if (c == ESCAPE) {
+					/* print text seen so far */
+					if (end - 1 > start)
+						write_console(buffer + start,
+							end - 1 - start);
+
+					/* then start parsing escape sequence */
+					start = end - 1;
+					memset(params, 0, sizeof(params));
+					parampos = 0;
+					state = ESCAPE;
+				}
+				break;
+
+			case ESCAPE:
+				/* continue if "\033[", otherwise bail out */
+				state = (c == BRACKET) ? BRACKET : TEXT;
+				break;
+
+			case BRACKET:
+				/* parse [0-9;]* into array of parameters */
+				if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+					params[parampos] *= 10;
+					params[parampos] += c - '0';
+				} else if (c == ';') {
+					/*
+					 * next parameter, bail out if out of
+					 * bounds
+					 */
+					parampos++;
+					if (parampos >= MAX_PARAMS)
+						state = TEXT;
+				} else {
+					/*
+					 * end of escape sequence, change
+					 * console attributes
+					 */
+					set_attr(c, params, parampos + 1);
+					start = end;
+					state = TEXT;
+				}
+				break;
 			}
+		}
 
-			str = pos + 2;
-			rv += 2;
+		/* print remaining text unless parsing an escape sequence */
+		if (state == TEXT && end > start) {
+			/* check for incomplete UTF-8 sequences and fix end */
+			if (buffer[end - 1] >= 0x80) {
+				if (buffer[end -1] >= 0xc0)
+					end--;
+				else if (end - 1 > start &&
+						buffer[end - 2] >= 0xe0)
+					end -= 2;
+				else if (end - 2 > start &&
+						buffer[end - 3] >= 0xf0)
+					end -= 3;
+			}
 
-			fflush(stream);
+			/* print remaining complete UTF-8 sequences */
+			if (end > start)
+				write_console(buffer + start, end - start);
 
-			pos = set_attr(str);
-			rv += pos - str;
-			str = pos;
+			/* move remaining bytes to the front */
+			if (end < bytes)
+				memmove(buffer, buffer + end, bytes - end);
+			end = bytes - end;
 		} else {
-			rv += strlen(str);
-			fputs(str, stream);
-			return rv;
+			/* all data has been consumed, mark buffer empty */
+			end = 0;
 		}
 	}
-	return rv;
+
+	/* check if the console font supports unicode */
+	warn_if_raster_font();
+
+	CloseHandle(hread);
+	return 0;
 }
 
-int winansi_fputs(const char *str, FILE *stream)
+static void winansi_exit(void)
 {
-	int rv;
-
-	if (!isatty(fileno(stream)))
-		return fputs(str, stream);
+	/* flush all streams */
+	_flushall();
 
-	init();
+	/* signal console thread to exit */
+	FlushFileBuffers(hwrite);
+	DisconnectNamedPipe(hwrite);
 
-	if (!console)
-		return fputs(str, stream);
+	/* wait for console thread to copy remaining data */
+	WaitForSingleObject(hthread, INFINITE);
 
-	rv = ansi_emulate(str, stream);
+	/* cleanup handles... */
+	CloseHandle(hwrite);
+	CloseHandle(hthread);
+}
 
-	if (rv >= 0)
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return EOF;
+static void die_lasterr(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
+	die_errno(fmt, params);
+	va_end(params);
 }
 
-static int winansi_vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list list)
+static HANDLE duplicate_handle(HANDLE hnd)
 {
-	int len, rv;
-	char small_buf[256];
-	char *buf = small_buf;
-	va_list cp;
+	HANDLE hresult, hproc = GetCurrentProcess();
+	if (!DuplicateHandle(hproc, hnd, hproc, &hresult, 0, TRUE,
+			DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
+		die_lasterr("DuplicateHandle(%li) failed", (long) hnd);
+	return hresult;
+}
 
-	if (!isatty(fileno(stream)))
-		goto abort;
 
-	init();
+/*
+ * Make MSVCRT's internal file descriptor control structure accessible
+ * so that we can tweak OS handles and flags directly (we need MSVCRT
+ * to treat our pipe handle as if it were a console).
+ *
+ * We assume that the ioinfo structure (exposed by MSVCRT.dll via
+ * __pioinfo) starts with the OS handle and the flags. The exact size
+ * varies between MSVCRT versions, so we try different sizes until
+ * toggling the FDEV bit of _pioinfo(1)->osflags is reflected in
+ * isatty(1).
+ */
+typedef struct {
+	HANDLE osfhnd;
+	char osflags;
+} ioinfo;
 
-	if (!console)
-		goto abort;
+extern __declspec(dllimport) ioinfo *__pioinfo[];
 
-	va_copy(cp, list);
-	len = vsnprintf(small_buf, sizeof(small_buf), format, cp);
-	va_end(cp);
+static size_t sizeof_ioinfo = 0;
 
-	if (len > sizeof(small_buf) - 1) {
-		buf = malloc(len + 1);
-		if (!buf)
-			goto abort;
+#define IOINFO_L2E 5
+#define IOINFO_ARRAY_ELTS (1 << IOINFO_L2E)
 
-		len = vsnprintf(buf, len + 1, format, list);
-	}
+#define FDEV  0x40
 
-	rv = ansi_emulate(buf, stream);
+static inline ioinfo* _pioinfo(int fd)
+{
+	return (ioinfo*)((char*)__pioinfo[fd >> IOINFO_L2E] +
+			(fd & (IOINFO_ARRAY_ELTS - 1)) * sizeof_ioinfo);
+}
 
-	if (buf != small_buf)
-		free(buf);
-	return rv;
+static int init_sizeof_ioinfo()
+{
+	int istty, wastty;
+	/* don't init twice */
+	if (sizeof_ioinfo)
+		return sizeof_ioinfo >= 256;
+
+	sizeof_ioinfo = sizeof(ioinfo);
+	wastty = isatty(1);
+	while (sizeof_ioinfo < 256) {
+		/* toggle FDEV flag, check isatty, then toggle back */
+		_pioinfo(1)->osflags ^= FDEV;
+		istty = isatty(1);
+		_pioinfo(1)->osflags ^= FDEV;
+		/* return if we found the correct size */
+		if (istty != wastty)
+			return 0;
+		sizeof_ioinfo += sizeof(void*);
+	}
+	error("Tweaking file descriptors doesn't work with this MSVCRT.dll");
+	return 1;
+}
 
-abort:
-	rv = vfprintf(stream, format, list);
-	return rv;
+static HANDLE swap_osfhnd(int fd, HANDLE new_handle)
+{
+	ioinfo *pioinfo;
+	HANDLE old_handle;
+
+	/* init ioinfo size if we haven't done so */
+	if (init_sizeof_ioinfo())
+		return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+	/* get ioinfo pointer and change the handles */
+	pioinfo = _pioinfo(fd);
+	old_handle = pioinfo->osfhnd;
+	pioinfo->osfhnd = new_handle;
+	return old_handle;
 }
 
-int winansi_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)
+void winansi_init(void)
 {
-	va_list list;
-	int rv;
+	int con1, con2;
+	char name[32];
 
-	va_start(list, format);
-	rv = winansi_vfprintf(stream, format, list);
-	va_end(list);
+	/* check if either stdout or stderr is a console output screen buffer */
+	con1 = is_console(1);
+	con2 = is_console(2);
+	if (!con1 && !con2)
+		return;
 
-	return rv;
+	/* create a named pipe to communicate with the console thread */
+	sprintf(name, "\\\\.\\pipe\\winansi%lu", GetCurrentProcessId());
+	hwrite = CreateNamedPipe(name, PIPE_ACCESS_OUTBOUND,
+		PIPE_TYPE_BYTE | PIPE_WAIT, 1, BUFFER_SIZE, 0, 0, NULL);
+	if (hwrite == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		die_lasterr("CreateNamedPipe failed");
+
+	hread = CreateFile(name, GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
+	if (hread == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		die_lasterr("CreateFile for named pipe failed");
+
+	/* start console spool thread on the pipe's read end */
+	hthread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, console_thread, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	if (hthread == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		die_lasterr("CreateThread(console_thread) failed");
+
+	/* schedule cleanup routine */
+	if (atexit(winansi_exit))
+		die_errno("atexit(winansi_exit) failed");
+
+	/* redirect stdout / stderr to the pipe */
+	if (con1)
+		hconsole1 = swap_osfhnd(1, duplicate_handle(hwrite));
+	if (con2)
+		hconsole2 = swap_osfhnd(2, duplicate_handle(hwrite));
 }
 
-int winansi_printf(const char *format, ...)
+/*
+ * Returns the real console handle if stdout / stderr is a pipe redirecting
+ * to the console. Allows spawn / exec to pass the console to the next process.
+ */
+HANDLE winansi_get_osfhandle(int fd)
 {
-	va_list list;
-	int rv;
-
-	va_start(list, format);
-	rv = winansi_vfprintf(stdout, format, list);
-	va_end(list);
-
-	return rv;
+	HANDLE hnd = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
+	if ((fd == 1 || fd == 2) && isatty(fd)
+	    && GetFileType(hnd) == FILE_TYPE_PIPE)
+		return (fd == 1) ? hconsole1 : hconsole2;
+	return hnd;
 }
diff --git a/config.c b/config.c
index ad0390819d..66c0a51bce 100644
--- a/config.c
+++ b/config.c
@@ -6,26 +6,88 @@
  *
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "quote.h"
-
-#define MAXNAME (256)
-
-typedef struct config_file {
-	struct config_file *prev;
-	FILE *f;
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+struct config_source {
+	struct config_source *prev;
+	union {
+		FILE *file;
+		struct config_buf {
+			const char *buf;
+			size_t len;
+			size_t pos;
+		} buf;
+	} u;
 	const char *name;
+	const char *path;
+	int die_on_error;
 	int linenr;
 	int eof;
 	struct strbuf value;
-	char var[MAXNAME];
-} config_file;
+	struct strbuf var;
 
-static config_file *cf;
+	int (*do_fgetc)(struct config_source *c);
+	int (*do_ungetc)(int c, struct config_source *conf);
+	long (*do_ftell)(struct config_source *c);
+};
+
+static struct config_source *cf;
 
 static int zlib_compression_seen;
 
+/*
+ * Default config_set that contains key-value pairs from the usual set of config
+ * config files (i.e repo specific .git/config, user wide ~/.gitconfig, XDG
+ * config file and the global /etc/gitconfig)
+ */
+static struct config_set the_config_set;
+
+static int config_file_fgetc(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return fgetc(conf->u.file);
+}
+
+static int config_file_ungetc(int c, struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return ungetc(c, conf->u.file);
+}
+
+static long config_file_ftell(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return ftell(conf->u.file);
+}
+
+
+static int config_buf_fgetc(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	if (conf->u.buf.pos < conf->u.buf.len)
+		return conf->u.buf.buf[conf->u.buf.pos++];
+
+	return EOF;
+}
+
+static int config_buf_ungetc(int c, struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	if (conf->u.buf.pos > 0) {
+		conf->u.buf.pos--;
+		if (conf->u.buf.buf[conf->u.buf.pos] != c)
+			die("BUG: config_buf can only ungetc the same character");
+		return c;
+	}
+
+	return EOF;
+}
+
+static long config_buf_ftell(struct config_source *conf)
+{
+	return conf->u.buf.pos;
+}
+
 #define MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH 10
 static const char include_depth_advice[] =
 "exceeded maximum include depth (%d) while including\n"
@@ -37,6 +99,15 @@ static int handle_path_include(const char *path, struct config_include_data *inc
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *expanded;
+
+	if (!path)
+		return config_error_nonbool("include.path");
+
+	expanded = expand_user_path(path);
+	if (!expanded)
+		return error("Could not expand include path '%s'", path);
+	path = expanded;
 
 	/*
 	 * Use an absolute path as-is, but interpret relative paths
@@ -45,17 +116,17 @@ static int handle_path_include(const char *path, struct config_include_data *inc
 	if (!is_absolute_path(path)) {
 		char *slash;
 
-		if (!cf || !cf->name)
+		if (!cf || !cf->path)
 			return error("relative config includes must come from files");
 
-		slash = find_last_dir_sep(cf->name);
+		slash = find_last_dir_sep(cf->path);
 		if (slash)
-			strbuf_add(&buf, cf->name, slash - cf->name + 1);
+			strbuf_add(&buf, cf->path, slash - cf->path + 1);
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
 		path = buf.buf;
 	}
 
-	if (!access(path, R_OK)) {
+	if (!access_or_die(path, R_OK, 0)) {
 		if (++inc->depth > MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH)
 			die(include_depth_advice, MAX_INCLUDE_DEPTH, path,
 			    cf && cf->name ? cf->name : "the command line");
@@ -63,13 +134,13 @@ static int handle_path_include(const char *path, struct config_include_data *inc
 		inc->depth--;
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	free(expanded);
 	return ret;
 }
 
 int git_config_include(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
 {
 	struct config_include_data *inc = data;
-	const char *type;
 	int ret;
 
 	/*
@@ -80,21 +151,11 @@ int git_config_include(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;
 
-	type = skip_prefix(var, "include.");
-	if (!type)
-		return ret;
-
-	if (!strcmp(type, "path"))
+	if (!strcmp(var, "include.path"))
 		ret = handle_path_include(value, inc);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void lowercase(char *p)
-{
-	for (; *p; p++)
-		*p = tolower(*p);
-}
-
 void git_config_push_parameter(const char *text)
 {
 	struct strbuf env = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -111,19 +172,27 @@ void git_config_push_parameter(const char *text)
 int git_config_parse_parameter(const char *text,
 			       config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
+	const char *value;
 	struct strbuf **pair;
+
 	pair = strbuf_split_str(text, '=', 2);
 	if (!pair[0])
 		return error("bogus config parameter: %s", text);
-	if (pair[0]->len && pair[0]->buf[pair[0]->len - 1] == '=')
+
+	if (pair[0]->len && pair[0]->buf[pair[0]->len - 1] == '=') {
 		strbuf_setlen(pair[0], pair[0]->len - 1);
+		value = pair[1] ? pair[1]->buf : "";
+	} else {
+		value = NULL;
+	}
+
 	strbuf_trim(pair[0]);
 	if (!pair[0]->len) {
 		strbuf_list_free(pair);
 		return error("bogus config parameter: %s", text);
 	}
-	lowercase(pair[0]->buf);
-	if (fn(pair[0]->buf, pair[1] ? pair[1]->buf : NULL, data) < 0) {
+	strbuf_tolower(pair[0]);
+	if (fn(pair[0]->buf, value, data) < 0) {
 		strbuf_list_free(pair);
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -164,27 +233,24 @@ int git_config_from_parameters(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 
 static int get_next_char(void)
 {
-	int c;
-	FILE *f;
-
-	c = '\n';
-	if (cf && ((f = cf->f) != NULL)) {
-		c = fgetc(f);
-		if (c == '\r') {
-			/* DOS like systems */
-			c = fgetc(f);
-			if (c != '\n') {
-				ungetc(c, f);
-				c = '\r';
-			}
-		}
-		if (c == '\n')
-			cf->linenr++;
-		if (c == EOF) {
-			cf->eof = 1;
-			c = '\n';
+	int c = cf->do_fgetc(cf);
+
+	if (c == '\r') {
+		/* DOS like systems */
+		c = cf->do_fgetc(cf);
+		if (c != '\n') {
+			if (c != EOF)
+				cf->do_ungetc(c, cf);
+			c = '\r';
 		}
 	}
+	if (c == '\n')
+		cf->linenr++;
+	if (c == EOF) {
+		cf->eof = 1;
+		cf->linenr++;
+		c = '\n';
+	}
 	return c;
 }
 
@@ -196,8 +262,10 @@ static char *parse_value(void)
 	for (;;) {
 		int c = get_next_char();
 		if (c == '\n') {
-			if (quote)
+			if (quote) {
+				cf->linenr--;
 				return NULL;
+			}
 			return cf->value.buf;
 		}
 		if (comment)
@@ -252,10 +320,11 @@ static inline int iskeychar(int c)
 	return isalnum(c) || c == '-';
 }
 
-static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, char *name, unsigned int len)
+static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, struct strbuf *name)
 {
 	int c;
 	char *value;
+	int ret;
 
 	/* Get the full name */
 	for (;;) {
@@ -264,11 +333,9 @@ static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, char *name, unsigned int len)
 			break;
 		if (!iskeychar(c))
 			break;
-		name[len++] = tolower(c);
-		if (len >= MAXNAME)
-			return -1;
+		strbuf_addch(name, tolower(c));
 	}
-	name[len] = 0;
+
 	while (c == ' ' || c == '\t')
 		c = get_next_char();
 
@@ -280,69 +347,74 @@ static int get_value(config_fn_t fn, void *data, char *name, unsigned int len)
 		if (!value)
 			return -1;
 	}
-	return fn(name, value, data);
+	/*
+	 * We already consumed the \n, but we need linenr to point to
+	 * the line we just parsed during the call to fn to get
+	 * accurate line number in error messages.
+	 */
+	cf->linenr--;
+	ret = fn(name->buf, value, data);
+	cf->linenr++;
+	return ret;
 }
 
-static int get_extended_base_var(char *name, int baselen, int c)
+static int get_extended_base_var(struct strbuf *name, int c)
 {
 	do {
 		if (c == '\n')
-			return -1;
+			goto error_incomplete_line;
 		c = get_next_char();
 	} while (isspace(c));
 
 	/* We require the format to be '[base "extension"]' */
 	if (c != '"')
 		return -1;
-	name[baselen++] = '.';
+	strbuf_addch(name, '.');
 
 	for (;;) {
 		int c = get_next_char();
 		if (c == '\n')
-			return -1;
+			goto error_incomplete_line;
 		if (c == '"')
 			break;
 		if (c == '\\') {
 			c = get_next_char();
 			if (c == '\n')
-				return -1;
+				goto error_incomplete_line;
 		}
-		name[baselen++] = c;
-		if (baselen > MAXNAME / 2)
-			return -1;
+		strbuf_addch(name, c);
 	}
 
 	/* Final ']' */
 	if (get_next_char() != ']')
 		return -1;
-	return baselen;
+	return 0;
+error_incomplete_line:
+	cf->linenr--;
+	return -1;
 }
 
-static int get_base_var(char *name)
+static int get_base_var(struct strbuf *name)
 {
-	int baselen = 0;
-
 	for (;;) {
 		int c = get_next_char();
 		if (cf->eof)
 			return -1;
 		if (c == ']')
-			return baselen;
+			return 0;
 		if (isspace(c))
-			return get_extended_base_var(name, baselen, c);
+			return get_extended_base_var(name, c);
 		if (!iskeychar(c) && c != '.')
 			return -1;
-		if (baselen > MAXNAME / 2)
-			return -1;
-		name[baselen++] = tolower(c);
+		strbuf_addch(name, tolower(c));
 	}
 }
 
-static int git_parse_file(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+static int git_parse_source(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
 	int comment = 0;
 	int baselen = 0;
-	char *var = cf->var;
+	struct strbuf *var = &cf->var;
 
 	/* U+FEFF Byte Order Mark in UTF8 */
 	static const unsigned char *utf8_bom = (unsigned char *) "\xef\xbb\xbf";
@@ -378,20 +450,30 @@ static int git_parse_file(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (c == '[') {
-			baselen = get_base_var(var);
-			if (baselen <= 0)
+			/* Reset prior to determining a new stem */
+			strbuf_reset(var);
+			if (get_base_var(var) < 0 || var->len < 1)
 				break;
-			var[baselen++] = '.';
-			var[baselen] = 0;
+			strbuf_addch(var, '.');
+			baselen = var->len;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!isalpha(c))
 			break;
-		var[baselen] = tolower(c);
-		if (get_value(fn, data, var, baselen+1) < 0)
+		/*
+		 * Truncate the var name back to the section header
+		 * stem prior to grabbing the suffix part of the name
+		 * and the value.
+		 */
+		strbuf_setlen(var, baselen);
+		strbuf_addch(var, tolower(c));
+		if (get_value(fn, data, var) < 0)
 			break;
 	}
-	die("bad config file line %d in %s", cf->linenr, cf->name);
+	if (cf->die_on_error)
+		die(_("bad config file line %d in %s"), cf->linenr, cf->name);
+	else
+		return error(_("bad config file line %d in %s"), cf->linenr, cf->name);
 }
 
 static int parse_unit_factor(const char *end, uintmax_t *val)
@@ -413,7 +495,7 @@ static int parse_unit_factor(const char *end, uintmax_t *val)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int git_parse_long(const char *value, long *ret)
+static int git_parse_signed(const char *value, intmax_t *ret, intmax_t max)
 {
 	if (value && *value) {
 		char *end;
@@ -425,21 +507,25 @@ static int git_parse_long(const char *value, long *ret)
 		val = strtoimax(value, &end, 0);
 		if (errno == ERANGE)
 			return 0;
-		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &factor))
+		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &factor)) {
+			errno = EINVAL;
 			return 0;
-		uval = abs(val);
+		}
+		uval = labs(val);
 		uval *= factor;
-		if ((uval > maximum_signed_value_of_type(long)) ||
-		    (abs(val) > uval))
+		if (uval > max || labs(val) > uval) {
+			errno = ERANGE;
 			return 0;
+		}
 		val *= factor;
 		*ret = val;
 		return 1;
 	}
+	errno = EINVAL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
+static int git_parse_unsigned(const char *value, uintmax_t *ret, uintmax_t max)
 {
 	if (value && *value) {
 		char *end;
@@ -451,29 +537,76 @@ int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
 		if (errno == ERANGE)
 			return 0;
 		oldval = val;
-		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &val))
+		if (!parse_unit_factor(end, &val)) {
+			errno = EINVAL;
 			return 0;
-		if ((val > maximum_unsigned_value_of_type(long)) ||
-		    (oldval > val))
+		}
+		if (val > max || oldval > val) {
+			errno = ERANGE;
 			return 0;
+		}
 		*ret = val;
 		return 1;
 	}
+	errno = EINVAL;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void die_bad_config(const char *name)
+static int git_parse_int(const char *value, int *ret)
+{
+	intmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_signed(value, &tmp, maximum_signed_value_of_type(int)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int git_parse_int64(const char *value, int64_t *ret)
 {
+	intmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_signed(value, &tmp, maximum_signed_value_of_type(int64_t)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int git_parse_ulong(const char *value, unsigned long *ret)
+{
+	uintmax_t tmp;
+	if (!git_parse_unsigned(value, &tmp, maximum_unsigned_value_of_type(long)))
+		return 0;
+	*ret = tmp;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+NORETURN
+static void die_bad_number(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	const char *reason = errno == ERANGE ?
+			     "out of range" :
+			     "invalid unit";
+	if (!value)
+		value = "";
+
 	if (cf && cf->name)
-		die("bad config value for '%s' in %s", name, cf->name);
-	die("bad config value for '%s'", name);
+		die(_("bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s"),
+		    value, name, cf->name, reason);
+	die(_("bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"), value, name, reason);
 }
 
 int git_config_int(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
-	long ret = 0;
-	if (!git_parse_long(value, &ret))
-		die_bad_config(name);
+	int ret;
+	if (!git_parse_int(value, &ret))
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int64_t git_config_int64(const char *name, const char *value)
+{
+	int64_t ret;
+	if (!git_parse_int64(value, &ret))
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -481,7 +614,7 @@ unsigned long git_config_ulong(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
 	unsigned long ret;
 	if (!git_parse_ulong(value, &ret))
-		die_bad_config(name);
+		die_bad_number(name, value);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -504,10 +637,10 @@ static int git_config_maybe_bool_text(const char *name, const char *value)
 
 int git_config_maybe_bool(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
-	long v = git_config_maybe_bool_text(name, value);
+	int v = git_config_maybe_bool_text(name, value);
 	if (0 <= v)
 		return v;
-	if (git_parse_long(value, &v))
+	if (git_parse_int(value, &v))
 		return !!v;
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -543,7 +676,7 @@ int git_config_pathname(const char **dest, const char *var, const char *value)
 		return config_error_nonbool(var);
 	*dest = expand_user_path(value);
 	if (!*dest)
-		die("Failed to expand user dir in: '%s'", value);
+		die(_("failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"), value);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -558,6 +691,12 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		trust_ctime = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.checkstat")) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(value, "default"))
+			check_stat = 1;
+		else if (!strcasecmp(value, "minimal"))
+			check_stat = 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.quotepath")) {
 		quote_path_fully = git_config_bool(var, value);
@@ -615,7 +754,7 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		if (level == -1)
 			level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 		else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
-			die("bad zlib compression level %d", level);
+			die(_("bad zlib compression level %d"), level);
 		zlib_compression_level = level;
 		zlib_compression_seen = 1;
 		return 0;
@@ -626,7 +765,7 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		if (level == -1)
 			level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
 		else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
-			die("bad zlib compression level %d", level);
+			die(_("bad zlib compression level %d"), level);
 		core_compression_level = level;
 		core_compression_seen = 1;
 		if (!zlib_compression_seen)
@@ -661,9 +800,6 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "core.logpackaccess"))
-		return git_config_string(&log_pack_access, var, value);
-
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.autocrlf")) {
 		if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "input")) {
 			if (core_eol == EOL_CRLF)
@@ -709,6 +845,19 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.editor"))
 		return git_config_string(&editor_program, var, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.commentchar")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		else if (!strcasecmp(value, "auto"))
+			auto_comment_line_char = 1;
+		else if (value[0] && !value[1]) {
+			comment_line_char = value[0];
+			auto_comment_line_char = 0;
+		} else
+			return error("core.commentChar should only be one character");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.askpass"))
 		return git_config_string(&askpass_program, var, value);
 
@@ -738,7 +887,7 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "link"))
 			object_creation_mode = OBJECT_CREATION_USES_HARDLINKS;
 		else
-			die("Invalid mode for object creation: %s", value);
+			die(_("invalid mode for object creation: %s"), value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -747,25 +896,18 @@ static int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
-	return 0;
-}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.precomposeunicode")) {
+		precomposed_unicode = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
-static int git_default_user_config(const char *var, const char *value)
-{
-	if (!strcmp(var, "user.name")) {
-		if (!value)
-			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		strlcpy(git_default_name, value, sizeof(git_default_name));
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.protecthfs")) {
+		protect_hfs = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "user.email")) {
-		if (!value)
-			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		strlcpy(git_default_email, value, sizeof(git_default_email));
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+	if (!strcmp(var, "core.protectntfs")) {
+		protect_ntfs = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -824,6 +966,8 @@ static int git_default_push_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_NOTHING;
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "matching"))
 			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "simple"))
+			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_SIMPLE;
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "upstream"))
 			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_UPSTREAM;
 		else if (!strcmp(value, "tracking")) /* deprecated */
@@ -832,8 +976,8 @@ static int git_default_push_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 			push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_CURRENT;
 		else {
 			error("Malformed value for %s: %s", var, value);
-			return error("Must be one of nothing, matching, "
-				     "tracking or current.");
+			return error("Must be one of nothing, matching, simple, "
+				     "upstream or current.");
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -845,7 +989,9 @@ static int git_default_push_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 static int git_default_mailmap_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.file"))
-		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_file, var, value);
+		return git_config_pathname(&git_mailmap_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "mailmap.blob"))
+		return git_config_string(&git_mailmap_blob, var, value);
 
 	/* Add other config variables here and to Documentation/config.txt. */
 	return 0;
@@ -853,25 +999,25 @@ static int git_default_mailmap_config(const char *var, const char *value)
 
 int git_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *dummy)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "core."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "core."))
 		return git_default_core_config(var, value);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "user."))
-		return git_default_user_config(var, value);
+	if (starts_with(var, "user."))
+		return git_ident_config(var, value, dummy);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "i18n."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "i18n."))
 		return git_default_i18n_config(var, value);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "branch."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "branch."))
 		return git_default_branch_config(var, value);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "push."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "push."))
 		return git_default_push_config(var, value);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "mailmap."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "mailmap."))
 		return git_default_mailmap_config(var, value);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "advice."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "advice."))
 		return git_default_advice_config(var, value);
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "pager.color") || !strcmp(var, "color.pager")) {
@@ -887,35 +1033,120 @@ int git_default_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *dummy)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *filename, void *data)
+/*
+ * All source specific fields in the union, die_on_error, name and the callbacks
+ * fgetc, ungetc, ftell of top need to be initialized before calling
+ * this function.
+ */
+static int do_config_from(struct config_source *top, config_fn_t fn, void *data)
 {
 	int ret;
-	FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");
 
-	ret = -1;
-	if (f) {
-		config_file top;
+	/* push config-file parsing state stack */
+	top->prev = cf;
+	top->linenr = 1;
+	top->eof = 0;
+	strbuf_init(&top->value, 1024);
+	strbuf_init(&top->var, 1024);
+	cf = top;
 
-		/* push config-file parsing state stack */
-		top.prev = cf;
-		top.f = f;
-		top.name = filename;
-		top.linenr = 1;
-		top.eof = 0;
-		strbuf_init(&top.value, 1024);
-		cf = &top;
+	ret = git_parse_source(fn, data);
 
-		ret = git_parse_file(fn, data);
+	/* pop config-file parsing state stack */
+	strbuf_release(&top->value);
+	strbuf_release(&top->var);
+	cf = top->prev;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int do_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn,
+		const char *name, const char *path, FILE *f, void *data)
+{
+	struct config_source top;
 
-		/* pop config-file parsing state stack */
-		strbuf_release(&top.value);
-		cf = top.prev;
+	top.u.file = f;
+	top.name = name;
+	top.path = path;
+	top.die_on_error = 1;
+	top.do_fgetc = config_file_fgetc;
+	top.do_ungetc = config_file_ungetc;
+	top.do_ftell = config_file_ftell;
 
+	return do_config_from(&top, fn, data);
+}
+
+static int git_config_from_stdin(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	return do_config_from_file(fn, "<stdin>", NULL, stdin, data);
+}
+
+int git_config_from_file(config_fn_t fn, const char *filename, void *data)
+{
+	int ret = -1;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	f = fopen(filename, "r");
+	if (f) {
+		ret = do_config_from_file(fn, filename, filename, f, data);
 		fclose(f);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int git_config_from_buf(config_fn_t fn, const char *name, const char *buf,
+			size_t len, void *data)
+{
+	struct config_source top;
+
+	top.u.buf.buf = buf;
+	top.u.buf.len = len;
+	top.u.buf.pos = 0;
+	top.name = name;
+	top.path = NULL;
+	top.die_on_error = 0;
+	top.do_fgetc = config_buf_fgetc;
+	top.do_ungetc = config_buf_ungetc;
+	top.do_ftell = config_buf_ftell;
+
+	return do_config_from(&top, fn, data);
+}
+
+static int git_config_from_blob_sha1(config_fn_t fn,
+				     const char *name,
+				     const unsigned char *sha1,
+				     void *data)
+{
+	enum object_type type;
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	int ret;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("unable to load config blob object '%s'", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(buf);
+		return error("reference '%s' does not point to a blob", name);
+	}
+
+	ret = git_config_from_buf(fn, name, buf, size, data);
+	free(buf);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int git_config_from_blob_ref(config_fn_t fn,
+				    const char *name,
+				    void *data)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1) < 0)
+		return error("unable to resolve config blob '%s'", name);
+	return git_config_from_blob_sha1(fn, name, sha1, data);
+}
+
 const char *git_etc_gitconfig(void)
 {
 	static const char *system_wide;
@@ -924,12 +1155,28 @@ const char *git_etc_gitconfig(void)
 	return system_wide;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Parse environment variable 'k' as a boolean (in various
+ * possible spellings); if missing, use the default value 'def'.
+ */
 int git_env_bool(const char *k, int def)
 {
 	const char *v = getenv(k);
 	return v ? git_config_bool(k, v) : def;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Parse environment variable 'k' as ulong with possibly a unit
+ * suffix; if missing, use the default value 'val'.
+ */
+unsigned long git_env_ulong(const char *k, unsigned long val)
+{
+	const char *v = getenv(k);
+	if (v && !git_parse_ulong(v, &val))
+		die("failed to parse %s", k);
+	return val;
+}
+
 int git_config_system(void)
 {
 	return !git_env_bool("GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM", 0);
@@ -938,32 +1185,35 @@ int git_config_system(void)
 int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *data, const char *repo_config)
 {
 	int ret = 0, found = 0;
-	const char *home = NULL;
+	char *xdg_config = NULL;
+	char *user_config = NULL;
 
-	if (git_config_system() && !access(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK)) {
+	home_config_paths(&user_config, &xdg_config, "config");
+
+	if (git_config_system() && !access_or_die(git_etc_gitconfig(), R_OK, 0)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, git_etc_gitconfig(),
 					    data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
 
-	home = getenv("HOME");
-	if (home) {
-		char buf[PATH_MAX];
-		char *user_config = mksnpath(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/.gitconfig", home);
-		if (!access(user_config, R_OK)) {
-			ret += git_config_from_file(fn, user_config, data);
-			found += 1;
-		}
+	if (xdg_config && !access_or_die(xdg_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK)) {
+		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, xdg_config, data);
+		found += 1;
 	}
 
-	if (repo_config && !access(repo_config, R_OK)) {
+	if (user_config && !access_or_die(user_config, R_OK, ACCESS_EACCES_OK)) {
+		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, user_config, data);
+		found += 1;
+	}
+
+	if (repo_config && !access_or_die(repo_config, R_OK, 0)) {
 		ret += git_config_from_file(fn, repo_config, data);
 		found += 1;
 	}
 
 	switch (git_config_from_parameters(fn, data)) {
 	case -1: /* error */
-		die("unable to parse command-line config");
+		die(_("unable to parse command-line config"));
 		break;
 	case 0: /* found nothing */
 		break;
@@ -972,11 +1222,14 @@ int git_config_early(config_fn_t fn, void *data, const char *repo_config)
 		break;
 	}
 
+	free(xdg_config);
+	free(user_config);
 	return ret == 0 ? found : ret;
 }
 
 int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *data,
-			    const char *filename, int respect_includes)
+			    struct git_config_source *config_source,
+			    int respect_includes)
 {
 	char *repo_config = NULL;
 	int ret;
@@ -993,8 +1246,12 @@ int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *data,
 	 * If we have a specific filename, use it. Otherwise, follow the
 	 * regular lookup sequence.
 	 */
-	if (filename)
-		return git_config_from_file(fn, filename, data);
+	if (config_source && config_source->use_stdin)
+		return git_config_from_stdin(fn, data);
+	else if (config_source && config_source->file)
+		return git_config_from_file(fn, config_source->file, data);
+	else if (config_source && config_source->blob)
+		return git_config_from_blob_ref(fn, config_source->blob, data);
 
 	repo_config = git_pathdup("config");
 	ret = git_config_early(fn, data, repo_config);
@@ -1003,53 +1260,412 @@ int git_config_with_options(config_fn_t fn, void *data,
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+static void git_config_raw(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	if (git_config_with_options(fn, data, NULL, 1) < 0)
+		/*
+		 * git_config_with_options() normally returns only
+		 * positive values, as most errors are fatal, and
+		 * non-fatal potential errors are guarded by "if"
+		 * statements that are entered only when no error is
+		 * possible.
+		 *
+		 * If we ever encounter a non-fatal error, it means
+		 * something went really wrong and we should stop
+		 * immediately.
+		 */
+		die(_("unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"));
+}
+
+static void configset_iter(struct config_set *cs, config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	int i, value_index;
+	struct string_list *values;
+	struct config_set_element *entry;
+	struct configset_list *list = &cs->list;
+	struct key_value_info *kv_info;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+		entry = list->items[i].e;
+		value_index = list->items[i].value_index;
+		values = &entry->value_list;
+		if (fn(entry->key, values->items[value_index].string, data) < 0) {
+			kv_info = values->items[value_index].util;
+			git_die_config_linenr(entry->key, kv_info->filename, kv_info->linenr);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void git_config_check_init(void);
+
+void git_config(config_fn_t fn, void *data)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	configset_iter(&the_config_set, fn, data);
+}
+
+static struct config_set_element *configset_find_element(struct config_set *cs, const char *key)
+{
+	struct config_set_element k;
+	struct config_set_element *found_entry;
+	char *normalized_key;
+	int ret;
+	/*
+	 * `key` may come from the user, so normalize it before using it
+	 * for querying entries from the hashmap.
+	 */
+	ret = git_config_parse_key(key, &normalized_key, NULL);
+
+	if (ret)
+		return NULL;
+
+	hashmap_entry_init(&k, strhash(normalized_key));
+	k.key = normalized_key;
+	found_entry = hashmap_get(&cs->config_hash, &k, NULL);
+	free(normalized_key);
+	return found_entry;
+}
+
+static int configset_add_value(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	struct config_set_element *e;
+	struct string_list_item *si;
+	struct configset_list_item *l_item;
+	struct key_value_info *kv_info = xmalloc(sizeof(*kv_info));
+
+	e = configset_find_element(cs, key);
+	/*
+	 * Since the keys are being fed by git_config*() callback mechanism, they
+	 * are already normalized. So simply add them without any further munging.
+	 */
+	if (!e) {
+		e = xmalloc(sizeof(*e));
+		hashmap_entry_init(e, strhash(key));
+		e->key = xstrdup(key);
+		string_list_init(&e->value_list, 1);
+		hashmap_add(&cs->config_hash, e);
+	}
+	si = string_list_append_nodup(&e->value_list, xstrdup_or_null(value));
+
+	ALLOC_GROW(cs->list.items, cs->list.nr + 1, cs->list.alloc);
+	l_item = &cs->list.items[cs->list.nr++];
+	l_item->e = e;
+	l_item->value_index = e->value_list.nr - 1;
+
+	if (cf) {
+		kv_info->filename = strintern(cf->name);
+		kv_info->linenr = cf->linenr;
+	} else {
+		/* for values read from `git_config_from_parameters()` */
+		kv_info->filename = NULL;
+		kv_info->linenr = -1;
+	}
+	si->util = kv_info;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_set_element_cmp(const struct config_set_element *e1,
+				 const struct config_set_element *e2, const void *unused)
+{
+	return strcmp(e1->key, e2->key);
+}
+
+void git_configset_init(struct config_set *cs)
+{
+	hashmap_init(&cs->config_hash, (hashmap_cmp_fn)config_set_element_cmp, 0);
+	cs->hash_initialized = 1;
+	cs->list.nr = 0;
+	cs->list.alloc = 0;
+	cs->list.items = NULL;
+}
+
+void git_configset_clear(struct config_set *cs)
+{
+	struct config_set_element *entry;
+	struct hashmap_iter iter;
+	if (!cs->hash_initialized)
+		return;
+
+	hashmap_iter_init(&cs->config_hash, &iter);
+	while ((entry = hashmap_iter_next(&iter))) {
+		free(entry->key);
+		string_list_clear(&entry->value_list, 1);
+	}
+	hashmap_free(&cs->config_hash, 1);
+	cs->hash_initialized = 0;
+	free(cs->list.items);
+	cs->list.nr = 0;
+	cs->list.alloc = 0;
+	cs->list.items = NULL;
+}
+
+static int config_set_callback(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct config_set *cs = cb;
+	configset_add_value(cs, key, value);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int git_configset_add_file(struct config_set *cs, const char *filename)
+{
+	return git_config_from_file(config_set_callback, filename, cs);
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_value(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **value)
+{
+	const struct string_list *values = NULL;
+	/*
+	 * Follows "last one wins" semantic, i.e., if there are multiple matches for the
+	 * queried key in the files of the configset, the value returned will be the last
+	 * value in the value list for that key.
+	 */
+	values = git_configset_get_value_multi(cs, key);
+
+	if (!values)
+		return 1;
+	assert(values->nr > 0);
+	*value = values->items[values->nr - 1].string;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const struct string_list *git_configset_get_value_multi(struct config_set *cs, const char *key)
+{
+	struct config_set_element *e = configset_find_element(cs, key);
+	return e ? &e->value_list : NULL;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_string_const(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value))
+		return git_config_string(dest, key, value);
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_string(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, char **dest)
+{
+	return git_configset_get_string_const(cs, key, (const char **)dest);
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_int(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		*dest = git_config_int(key, value);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_ulong(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, unsigned long *dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		*dest = git_config_ulong(key, value);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_bool(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		*dest = git_config_bool(key, value);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_bool_or_int(struct config_set *cs, const char *key,
+				int *is_bool, int *dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		*dest = git_config_bool_or_int(key, value, is_bool);
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_maybe_bool(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value)) {
+		*dest = git_config_maybe_bool(key, value);
+		if (*dest == -1)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	} else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+int git_configset_get_pathname(struct config_set *cs, const char *key, const char **dest)
+{
+	const char *value;
+	if (!git_configset_get_value(cs, key, &value))
+		return git_config_pathname(dest, key, value);
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
+
+static void git_config_check_init(void)
+{
+	if (the_config_set.hash_initialized)
+		return;
+	git_configset_init(&the_config_set);
+	git_config_raw(config_set_callback, &the_config_set);
+}
+
+void git_config_clear(void)
+{
+	if (!the_config_set.hash_initialized)
+		return;
+	git_configset_clear(&the_config_set);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_value(const char *key, const char **value)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_value(&the_config_set, key, value);
+}
+
+const struct string_list *git_config_get_value_multi(const char *key)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_value_multi(&the_config_set, key);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_string_const(const char *key, const char **dest)
+{
+	int ret;
+	git_config_check_init();
+	ret = git_configset_get_string_const(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		git_die_config(key, NULL);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int git_config_get_string(const char *key, char **dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_config_get_string_const(key, (const char **)dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_int(const char *key, int *dest)
 {
-	return git_config_with_options(fn, data, NULL, 1);
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_int(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_ulong(const char *key, unsigned long *dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_ulong(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_bool(const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_bool(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_bool_or_int(const char *key, int *is_bool, int *dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_bool_or_int(&the_config_set, key, is_bool, dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_maybe_bool(const char *key, int *dest)
+{
+	git_config_check_init();
+	return git_configset_get_maybe_bool(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+}
+
+int git_config_get_pathname(const char *key, const char **dest)
+{
+	int ret;
+	git_config_check_init();
+	ret = git_configset_get_pathname(&the_config_set, key, dest);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		git_die_config(key, NULL);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+NORETURN
+void git_die_config_linenr(const char *key, const char *filename, int linenr)
+{
+	if (!filename)
+		die(_("unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"), key);
+	else
+		die(_("bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"),
+		    key, filename, linenr);
+}
+
+NORETURN __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)))
+void git_die_config(const char *key, const char *err, ...)
+{
+	const struct string_list *values;
+	struct key_value_info *kv_info;
+
+	if (err) {
+		va_list params;
+		va_start(params, err);
+		vreportf("error: ", err, params);
+		va_end(params);
+	}
+	values = git_config_get_value_multi(key);
+	kv_info = values->items[values->nr - 1].util;
+	git_die_config_linenr(key, kv_info->filename, kv_info->linenr);
 }
 
 /*
  * Find all the stuff for git_config_set() below.
  */
 
-#define MAX_MATCHES 512
-
 static struct {
 	int baselen;
 	char *key;
 	int do_not_match;
 	regex_t *value_regex;
 	int multi_replace;
-	size_t offset[MAX_MATCHES];
+	size_t *offset;
+	unsigned int offset_alloc;
 	enum { START, SECTION_SEEN, SECTION_END_SEEN, KEY_SEEN } state;
 	int seen;
 } store;
 
 static int matches(const char *key, const char *value)
 {
-	return !strcmp(key, store.key) &&
-		(store.value_regex == NULL ||
-		 (store.do_not_match ^
-		  !regexec(store.value_regex, value, 0, NULL, 0)));
+	if (strcmp(key, store.key))
+		return 0; /* not ours */
+	if (!store.value_regex)
+		return 1; /* always matches */
+	if (store.value_regex == CONFIG_REGEX_NONE)
+		return 0; /* never matches */
+
+	return store.do_not_match ^
+		(value && !regexec(store.value_regex, value, 0, NULL, 0));
 }
 
 static int store_aux(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	const char *ep;
 	size_t section_len;
-	FILE *f = cf->f;
 
 	switch (store.state) {
 	case KEY_SEEN:
 		if (matches(key, value)) {
 			if (store.seen == 1 && store.multi_replace == 0) {
-				warning("%s has multiple values", key);
-			} else if (store.seen >= MAX_MATCHES) {
-				error("too many matches for %s", key);
-				return 1;
+				warning(_("%s has multiple values"), key);
 			}
 
-			store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+			ALLOC_GROW(store.offset, store.seen + 1,
+				   store.offset_alloc);
+
+			store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			store.seen++;
 		}
 		break;
@@ -1076,19 +1692,26 @@ static int store_aux(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 		 * Do not increment matches: this is no match, but we
 		 * just made sure we are in the desired section.
 		 */
-		store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+		ALLOC_GROW(store.offset, store.seen + 1,
+			   store.offset_alloc);
+		store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 		/* fallthru */
 	case SECTION_END_SEEN:
 	case START:
 		if (matches(key, value)) {
-			store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+			ALLOC_GROW(store.offset, store.seen + 1,
+				   store.offset_alloc);
+			store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			store.state = KEY_SEEN;
 			store.seen++;
 		} else {
 			if (strrchr(key, '.') - key == store.baselen &&
 			      !strncmp(key, store.key, store.baselen)) {
 					store.state = SECTION_SEEN;
-					store.offset[store.seen] = ftell(f);
+					ALLOC_GROW(store.offset,
+						   store.seen + 1,
+						   store.offset_alloc);
+					store.offset[store.seen] = cf->do_ftell(cf);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1279,12 +1902,15 @@ int git_config_parse_key(const char *key, char **store_key, int *baselen_)
 
 out_free_ret_1:
 	free(*store_key);
+	*store_key = NULL;
 	return -CONFIG_INVALID_KEY;
 }
 
 /*
  * If value==NULL, unset in (remove from) config,
  * if value_regex!=NULL, disregard key/value pairs where value does not match.
+ * if value_regex==CONFIG_REGEX_NONE, do not match any existing values
+ *     (only add a new one)
  * if multi_replace==0, nothing, or only one matching key/value is replaced,
  *     else all matching key/values (regardless how many) are removed,
  *     before the new pair is written.
@@ -1328,7 +1954,7 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 	 * The lock serves a purpose in addition to locking: the new
 	 * contents of .git/config will be written into it.
 	 */
-	lock = xcalloc(sizeof(struct lock_file), 1);
+	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock, config_filename, 0);
 	if (fd < 0) {
 		error("could not lock config file %s: %s", config_filename, strerror(errno));
@@ -1368,6 +1994,8 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 
 		if (value_regex == NULL)
 			store.value_regex = NULL;
+		else if (value_regex == CONFIG_REGEX_NONE)
+			store.value_regex = CONFIG_REGEX_NONE;
 		else {
 			if (value_regex[0] == '!') {
 				store.do_not_match = 1;
@@ -1385,6 +2013,7 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 			}
 		}
 
+		ALLOC_GROW(store.offset, 1, store.offset_alloc);
 		store.offset[0] = 0;
 		store.state = START;
 		store.seen = 0;
@@ -1398,7 +2027,8 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 		if (git_config_from_file(store_aux, config_filename, NULL)) {
 			error("invalid config file %s", config_filename);
 			free(store.key);
-			if (store.value_regex != NULL) {
+			if (store.value_regex != NULL &&
+			    store.value_regex != CONFIG_REGEX_NONE) {
 				regfree(store.value_regex);
 				free(store.value_regex);
 			}
@@ -1407,7 +2037,8 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 		}
 
 		free(store.key);
-		if (store.value_regex != NULL) {
+		if (store.value_regex != NULL &&
+		    store.value_regex != CONFIG_REGEX_NONE) {
 			regfree(store.value_regex);
 			free(store.value_regex);
 		}
@@ -1425,6 +2056,13 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 			MAP_PRIVATE, in_fd, 0);
 		close(in_fd);
 
+		if (chmod(lock->filename.buf, st.st_mode & 07777) < 0) {
+			error("chmod on %s failed: %s",
+				lock->filename.buf, strerror(errno));
+			ret = CONFIG_NO_WRITE;
+			goto out_free;
+		}
+
 		if (store.seen == 0)
 			store.seen = 1;
 
@@ -1477,6 +2115,7 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 	if (commit_lock_file(lock) < 0) {
 		error("could not commit config file %s", config_filename);
 		ret = CONFIG_NO_WRITE;
+		lock = NULL;
 		goto out_free;
 	}
 
@@ -1489,6 +2128,9 @@ int git_config_set_multivar_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 	lock = NULL;
 	ret = 0;
 
+	/* Invalidate the config cache */
+	git_config_clear();
+
 out_free:
 	if (lock)
 		rollback_lock_file(lock);
@@ -1496,7 +2138,7 @@ out_free:
 	return ret;
 
 write_err_out:
-	ret = write_error(lock->filename);
+	ret = write_error(lock->filename.buf);
 	goto out_free;
 
 }
@@ -1547,20 +2189,43 @@ static int section_name_match (const char *buf, const char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int section_name_is_ok(const char *name)
+{
+	/* Empty section names are bogus. */
+	if (!*name)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Before a dot, we must be alphanumeric or dash. After the first dot,
+	 * anything goes, so we can stop checking.
+	 */
+	for (; *name && *name != '.'; name++)
+		if (*name != '-' && !isalnum(*name))
+			return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
 /* if new_name == NULL, the section is removed instead */
 int git_config_rename_section_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 				      const char *old_name, const char *new_name)
 {
 	int ret = 0, remove = 0;
 	char *filename_buf = NULL;
-	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(sizeof(struct lock_file), 1);
+	struct lock_file *lock;
 	int out_fd;
 	char buf[1024];
 	FILE *config_file;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (new_name && !section_name_is_ok(new_name)) {
+		ret = error("invalid section name: %s", new_name);
+		goto out;
+	}
 
 	if (!config_filename)
 		config_filename = filename_buf = git_pathdup("config");
 
+	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 	out_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock, config_filename, 0);
 	if (out_fd < 0) {
 		ret = error("could not lock config file %s", config_filename);
@@ -1572,6 +2237,14 @@ int git_config_rename_section_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 		goto unlock_and_out;
 	}
 
+	fstat(fileno(config_file), &st);
+
+	if (chmod(lock->filename.buf, st.st_mode & 07777) < 0) {
+		ret = error("chmod on %s failed: %s",
+				lock->filename.buf, strerror(errno));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), config_file)) {
 		int i;
 		int length;
@@ -1589,7 +2262,7 @@ int git_config_rename_section_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 				}
 				store.baselen = strlen(new_name);
 				if (!store_write_section(out_fd, new_name)) {
-					ret = write_error(lock->filename);
+					ret = write_error(lock->filename.buf);
 					goto out;
 				}
 				/*
@@ -1615,7 +2288,7 @@ int git_config_rename_section_in_file(const char *config_filename,
 			continue;
 		length = strlen(output);
 		if (write_in_full(out_fd, output, length) != length) {
-			ret = write_error(lock->filename);
+			ret = write_error(lock->filename.buf);
 			goto out;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1637,7 +2310,41 @@ int git_config_rename_section(const char *old_name, const char *new_name)
  * Call this to report error for your variable that should not
  * get a boolean value (i.e. "[my] var" means "true").
  */
+#undef config_error_nonbool
 int config_error_nonbool(const char *var)
 {
 	return error("Missing value for '%s'", var);
 }
+
+int parse_config_key(const char *var,
+		     const char *section,
+		     const char **subsection, int *subsection_len,
+		     const char **key)
+{
+	int section_len = strlen(section);
+	const char *dot;
+
+	/* Does it start with "section." ? */
+	if (!starts_with(var, section) || var[section_len] != '.')
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the key; we don't know yet if we have a subsection, but we must
+	 * parse backwards from the end, since the subsection may have dots in
+	 * it, too.
+	 */
+	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
+	*key = dot + 1;
+
+	/* Did we have a subsection at all? */
+	if (dot == var + section_len) {
+		*subsection = NULL;
+		*subsection_len = 0;
+	}
+	else {
+		*subsection = var + section_len + 1;
+		*subsection_len = dot - *subsection;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/config.mak.in b/config.mak.in
index b2ba7104eb..e6a6d0f941 100644
--- a/config.mak.in
+++ b/config.mak.in
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ CC = @CC@
 CFLAGS = @CFLAGS@
 CPPFLAGS = @CPPFLAGS@
 LDFLAGS = @LDFLAGS@
-CC_LD_DYNPATH = @CC_LD_DYNPATH@
 AR = @AR@
 TAR = @TAR@
 DIFF = @DIFF@
+PACKAGE_TARNAME = @PACKAGE_TARNAME@
 #INSTALL = @INSTALL@		# needs install-sh or install.sh in sources
-TCLTK_PATH = @TCLTK_PATH@
 
 prefix = @prefix@
 exec_prefix = @exec_prefix@
@@ -19,59 +18,7 @@ gitexecdir = @libexecdir@/git-core
 datarootdir = @datarootdir@
 template_dir = @datadir@/git-core/templates
 sysconfdir = @sysconfdir@
+docdir = @docdir@
 
-mandir=@mandir@
-
-srcdir = @srcdir@
-VPATH = @srcdir@
-
-export exec_prefix mandir
-export srcdir VPATH
-
-ASCIIDOC7=@ASCIIDOC7@
-NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=@NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO@
-NO_OPENSSL=@NO_OPENSSL@
-NO_CURL=@NO_CURL@
-NO_EXPAT=@NO_EXPAT@
-NO_LIBGEN_H=@NO_LIBGEN_H@
-HAVE_PATHS_H=@HAVE_PATHS_H@
-HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=@HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H@
-NO_GETTEXT=@NO_GETTEXT@
-LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL=@LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL@
-NEEDS_LIBICONV=@NEEDS_LIBICONV@
-NEEDS_SOCKET=@NEEDS_SOCKET@
-NEEDS_RESOLV=@NEEDS_RESOLV@
-NEEDS_LIBGEN=@NEEDS_LIBGEN@
-NO_SYS_SELECT_H=@NO_SYS_SELECT_H@
-NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=@NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT@
-NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=@NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT@
-NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE=@NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE@
-NO_IPV6=@NO_IPV6@
-NO_HSTRERROR=@NO_HSTRERROR@
-NO_STRCASESTR=@NO_STRCASESTR@
-NO_STRTOK_R=@NO_STRTOK_R@
-NO_FNMATCH=@NO_FNMATCH@
-NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=@NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD@
-NO_MEMMEM=@NO_MEMMEM@
-NO_STRLCPY=@NO_STRLCPY@
-NO_UINTMAX_T=@NO_UINTMAX_T@
-NO_STRTOUMAX=@NO_STRTOUMAX@
-NO_SETENV=@NO_SETENV@
-NO_UNSETENV=@NO_UNSETENV@
-NO_MKDTEMP=@NO_MKDTEMP@
-NO_MKSTEMPS=@NO_MKSTEMPS@
-NO_INET_NTOP=@NO_INET_NTOP@
-NO_INET_PTON=@NO_INET_PTON@
-NO_ICONV=@NO_ICONV@
-OLD_ICONV=@OLD_ICONV@
-NO_REGEX=@NO_REGEX@
-USE_LIBPCRE=@USE_LIBPCRE@
-NO_DEFLATE_BOUND=@NO_DEFLATE_BOUND@
-INLINE=@INLINE@
-SOCKLEN_T=@SOCKLEN_T@
-FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=@FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES@
-SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS=@SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS@
-NO_PTHREADS=@NO_PTHREADS@
-PTHREAD_CFLAGS=@PTHREAD_CFLAGS@
-PTHREAD_LIBS=@PTHREAD_LIBS@
-CHARSET_LIB=@CHARSET_LIB@
+mandir = @mandir@
+htmldir = @htmldir@
diff --git a/config.mak.uname b/config.mak.uname
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4e77cb9e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/config.mak.uname
@@ -0,0 +1,562 @@
+# Platform specific Makefile tweaks based on uname detection
+
+uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_O := $(shell sh -c 'uname -o 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_R := $(shell sh -c 'uname -r 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_P := $(shell sh -c 'uname -p 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+uname_V := $(shell sh -c 'uname -v 2>/dev/null || echo not')
+
+ifdef MSVC
+	# avoid the MingW and Cygwin configuration sections
+	uname_S := Windows
+	uname_O := Windows
+endif
+
+# We choose to avoid "if .. else if .. else .. endif endif"
+# because maintaining the nesting to match is a pain.  If
+# we had "elif" things would have been much nicer...
+
+ifeq ($(uname_M),x86_64)
+	XDL_FAST_HASH = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OSF1)
+	# Need this for u_short definitions et al
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_OSF_SOURCE
+	SOCKLEN_T = int
+	NO_STRTOULL = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Linux)
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME = YesPlease
+	HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU/kFreeBSD)
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),UnixWare)
+	CC = cc
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SCO_SV)
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.2)
+		CFLAGS = -O2
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5)
+		CC = cc
+		BASIC_CFLAGS += -Kthread
+	endif
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/bin/bash
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	INSTALL = ginstall
+	TAR = gtar
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	# Note: $(uname_R) gives us the underlying Darwin version.
+	# - MacOS 10.0.* and MacOS 10.1.0 = Darwin 1.*
+	# - MacOS 10.x.* = Darwin (x+4).* for (1 <= x)
+	# i.e. "begins with [15678] and a dot" means "10.4.* or older".
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15678]\.'),2)
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+		NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[15]\.'),2)
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	endif
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/precompose_utf8.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPROTECT_HFS_DEFAULT=1
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),SunOS)
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_NSL = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/bash
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/xpg6/bin:/usr/xpg4/bin
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_MSGFMT_EXTENDED_OPTIONS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_DEV_TTY = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.6)
+		SOCKLEN_T = int
+		NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.7)
+		NEEDS_RESOLV = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.8)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.9)
+		NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+		GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+	endif
+	INSTALL = /usr/ucb/install
+	TAR = gtar
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D__EXTENSIONS__ -D__sun__
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_O),Cygwin)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '1\.[1-6]\.'),4)
+		NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+		NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+		NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+		NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+		NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+		NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+		NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+		OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+		# There are conflicting reports about this.
+		# On some boxes NO_MMAP is needed, and not so elsewhere.
+		# Try commenting this out if you suspect MMAP is more efficient
+		NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	else
+		NO_REGEX = UnfortunatelyYes
+	endif
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	SPARSE_FLAGS = -isystem /usr/include/w32api -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	OLD_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	DIR_HAS_BSD_GROUP_SEMANTICS = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '4\.'),2)
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -pthread
+		NO_UINTMAX_T = YesPlease
+		NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	endif
+	PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	GMTIME_UNRELIABLE_ERRORS = UnfortunatelyYes
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),OpenBSD)
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/local/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/local/lib
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),MirBSD)
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NetBSD)
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_R)" : '[01]\.'),2)
+		NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	endif
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -I/usr/pkg/include
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -L/usr/pkg/lib $(CC_LD_DYNPATH)/usr/pkg/lib
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),AIX)
+	DEFAULT_PAGER = more
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -D_LARGE_FILES
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V)" : '[1234]'),1)
+		NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	else
+		PTHREAD_LIBS = -lpthread
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(shell expr "$(uname_V).$(uname_R)" : '5\.1'),3)
+		INLINE = ''
+	endif
+	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),GNU)
+	# GNU/Hurd
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	HAVE_PATHS_H = YesPlease
+	LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),IRIX64)
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	# When compiled with the MIPSpro 7.4.4m compiler, and without pthreads
+	# (i.e. NO_PTHREADS is set), and _with_ MMAP (i.e. NO_MMAP is not set),
+	# git dies with a segmentation fault when trying to access the first
+	# entry of a reflog.  The conservative choice is made to always set
+	# NO_MMAP.  If you suspect that your compiler is not affected by this
+	# issue, comment out the NO_MMAP statement.
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/gnu/bin/bash
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN = YesPlease
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),HP-UX)
+	INLINE = __inline
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.11.00)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),B.10.20)
+		# Override HP-UX 11.x setting:
+		INLINE =
+		SOCKLEN_T = size_t
+		NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	endif
+	GIT_TEST_CMP = cmp
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Windows)
+	GIT_VERSION := $(GIT_VERSION).MSVC
+	pathsep = ;
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	# NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	# USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_GETTEXT = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
+	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
+	NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+
+	CC = compat/vcbuild/scripts/clink.pl
+	AR = compat/vcbuild/scripts/lib.pl
+	CFLAGS =
+	BASIC_CFLAGS = -nologo -I. -I../zlib -Icompat/vcbuild -Icompat/vcbuild/include -DWIN32 -D_CONSOLE -DHAVE_STRING_H -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+	COMPAT_OBJS = compat/msvc.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/dirent.o
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS = -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -DNOGDI -DHAVE_STRING_H -Icompat -Icompat/regex -Icompat/win32 -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS = -IGNORE:4217 -IGNORE:4049 -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE
+	EXTLIBS = user32.lib advapi32.lib shell32.lib wininet.lib ws2_32.lib invalidcontinue.obj
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	lib =
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT=1
+ifndef DEBUG
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -GL -Os -MD
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -LTCG
+	AR += -LTCG
+else
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -Zi -MDd
+endif
+	X = .exe
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Interix)
+	NO_INITGROUPS = YesPlease
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),3.5)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+	endif
+	ifeq ($(uname_R),5.2)
+		NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+		NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+		NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE = YesPlease
+	endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Minix)
+	NO_IPV6 = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBGEN =
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_IDN_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_RESOLV =
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_CURL =
+	NO_EXPAT =
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),NONSTOP_KERNEL)
+	# Needs some C99 features, "inline" is just one of them.
+	# INLINE='' would just replace one set of warnings with another and
+	# still not compile in c89 mode, due to non-const array initializations.
+	CC = cc -c99
+	# Disable all optimization, seems to result in bad code, with -O or -O2
+	# or even -O1 (default), /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-pack-objects
+	# abends on "git push". Needs more investigation.
+	CFLAGS = -g -O0
+	# We'd want it to be here.
+	prefix = /usr/local
+	# Our's are in ${prefix}/bin (perl might also be in /usr/bin/perl).
+	PERL_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/perl
+	PYTHON_PATH = ${prefix}/bin/python
+
+	# As detected by './configure'.
+	# Missdetected, hence commented out, see below.
+	#NO_CURL = YesPlease
+	# Added manually, see above.
+	NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CURL = YesPlease
+	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBINTL_BEFORE_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_SYS_SELECT_H = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+	NO_HSTRERROR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_UNSETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	# Currently libiconv-1.9.1.
+	OLD_ICONV = UnfortunatelyYes
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PTHREADS = UnfortunatelyYes
+
+	# Not detected (nor checked for) by './configure'.
+	# We don't have SA_RESTART on NonStop, unfortunalety.
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
+	# Apparently needed in compat/fnmatch/fnmatch.c.
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DHAVE_STRING_H=1
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NO_MMAP = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_INTPTR_T = UnfortunatelyYes
+	# Bug report 10-120822-4477 submitted to HP NonStop development.
+	MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH = YesPlease
+	# RFE 10-120912-4693 submitted to HP NonStop development.
+	NO_SETITIMER = UnfortunatelyYes
+	SANE_TOOL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin:/usr/local/bin
+	SHELL_PATH = /usr/local/bin/bash
+	# as of H06.25/J06.14, we might better use this
+	#SHELL_PATH = /usr/coreutils/bin/bash
+endif
+ifneq (,$(findstring MINGW,$(uname_S)))
+	pathsep = ;
+	HAVE_ALLOCA_H = YesPlease
+	NO_PREAD = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL = YesPlease
+	NO_LIBGEN_H = YesPlease
+	NO_POLL = YesPlease
+	NO_SYMLINK_HEAD = YesPlease
+	NO_UNIX_SOCKETS = YesPlease
+	NO_SETENV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_LIBICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_STRTOUMAX = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_SVN_TESTS = YesPlease
+	NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER = YesPlease
+	RUNTIME_PREFIX = YesPlease
+	NO_ST_BLOCKS_IN_STRUCT_STAT = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	USE_WIN32_MMAP = YesPlease
+	USE_NED_ALLOCATOR = YesPlease
+	UNRELIABLE_FSTAT = UnfortunatelyYes
+	OBJECT_CREATION_USES_RENAMES = UnfortunatelyNeedsTo
+	NO_REGEX = YesPlease
+	NO_PYTHON = YesPlease
+	BLK_SHA1 = YesPlease
+	ETAGS_TARGET = ETAGS
+	NO_INET_PTON = YesPlease
+	NO_INET_NTOP = YesPlease
+	NO_POSIX_GOODIES = UnfortunatelyYes
+	DEFAULT_HELP_FORMAT = html
+	NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT = YesPlease
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -D__USE_MINGW_ACCESS -D_USE_32BIT_TIME_T -DNOGDI -Icompat -Icompat/win32
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSTRIP_EXTENSION=\".exe\"
+	COMPAT_OBJS += compat/mingw.o compat/winansi.o \
+		compat/win32/pthread.o compat/win32/syslog.o \
+		compat/win32/dirent.o
+	BASIC_CFLAGS += -DPROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT=1
+	BASIC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,--large-address-aware
+	EXTLIBS += -lws2_32
+	GITLIBS += git.res
+	PTHREAD_LIBS =
+	RC = windres -O coff
+	NATIVE_CRLF = YesPlease
+	X = .exe
+	SPARSE_FLAGS = -Wno-one-bit-signed-bitfield
+ifneq (,$(wildcard ../THIS_IS_MSYSGIT))
+	htmldir = doc/git/html/
+	prefix =
+	INSTALL = /bin/install
+	EXTLIBS += /mingw/lib/libz.a
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	INTERNAL_QSORT = YesPlease
+	HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H = YesPlease
+	NO_GETTEXT = YesPlease
+else
+	NO_CURL = YesPlease
+endif
+endif
+ifeq ($(uname_S),QNX)
+	COMPAT_CFLAGS += -DSA_RESTART=0
+	EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H = YesPlease
+	HAVE_STRINGS_H = YesPlease
+	NEEDS_SOCKET = YesPlease
+	NO_GETPAGESIZE = YesPlease
+	NO_ICONV = YesPlease
+	NO_MEMMEM = YesPlease
+	NO_MKDTEMP = YesPlease
+	NO_MKSTEMPS = YesPlease
+	NO_NSEC = YesPlease
+	NO_PTHREADS = YesPlease
+	NO_R_TO_GCC_LINKER = YesPlease
+	NO_STRCASESTR = YesPlease
+	NO_STRLCPY = YesPlease
+endif
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 8bb0f44b48..bbdde85c3d 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -1,65 +1,68 @@
 #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
 # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
 
-AC_PREREQ(2.59)
-AC_INIT([git], [@@GIT_VERSION@@], [git@vger.kernel.org])
-
-AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([git.c])
-
-config_file=config.mak.autogen
-config_append=config.mak.append
-config_in=config.mak.in
-
-echo "# ${config_append}.  Generated by configure." > "${config_append}"
-
+## Definitions of private macros.
+
+# GIT_CONF_SUBST(VAL, VAR)
+# ------------------------
+# Cause the line "VAR=VAL" to be eventually appended to ${config_file}.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_SUBST],
+[AC_REQUIRE([GIT_CONF_SUBST_INIT])
+config_appended_defs="$config_appended_defs${newline}dnl
+$1=m4_if([$#],[1],[${$1}],[$2])"])
+
+# GIT_CONF_SUBST_INIT
+# -------------------
+# Prepare shell variables and autoconf machine required by later calls
+# to GIT_CONF_SUBST.
+AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_SUBST_INIT],
+    [config_appended_defs=; newline='
+'
+    AC_CONFIG_COMMANDS([$config_file],
+                       [echo "$config_appended_defs" >> "$config_file"],
+                       [config_file=$config_file
+                        config_appended_defs="$config_appended_defs"])])
 
-## Definitions of macros
-# GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(LINE)
-# --------------------------
-# Append LINE to file ${config_append}
-AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE],
-[echo "$1" >> "${config_append}"])# GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE
-#
 # GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(PROGRAM)
 # -------------------------
 # Provide --with-PROGRAM=PATH option to set PATH to PROGRAM
 # Optional second argument allows setting NO_PROGRAM=YesPlease if
 # --without-PROGRAM version used.
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_ARG_SET_PATH],
-[AC_ARG_WITH([$1],
- [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-$1=PATH],
-                 [provide PATH to $1])],
- [GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH($1,$2)],[])
-])# GIT_ARG_SET_PATH
-#
+    [AC_ARG_WITH([$1],
+        [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-$1=PATH],
+                        [provide PATH to $1])],
+        [GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH([$1], [$2])],
+        [])])
+
 # GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH(PROGRAM)
-# ------------------------------
+# -----------------------------
 # Parse --with-PROGRAM=PATH option to set PROGRAM_PATH=PATH
 # Used by GIT_ARG_SET_PATH(PROGRAM)
 # Optional second argument allows setting NO_PROGRAM=YesPlease if
 # --without-PROGRAM is used.
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH],
-[PROGRAM=m4_toupper($1); \
-if test "$withval" = "no"; then \
-	if test -n "$2"; then \
-		m4_toupper($1)_PATH=$withval; \
-		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Disabling use of ${PROGRAM}]); \
-		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(NO_${PROGRAM}=YesPlease); \
-		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PROGRAM}_PATH=); \
-	else \
-		AC_MSG_ERROR([You cannot use git without $1]); \
-	fi; \
-else \
-	if test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
-		AC_MSG_WARN([You should provide path for --with-$1=PATH]); \
-	else \
-		m4_toupper($1)_PATH=$withval; \
-		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting m4_toupper($1)_PATH to $withval]); \
-		GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PROGRAM}_PATH=$withval); \
-	fi; \
-fi; \
-]) # GIT_CONF_APPEND_PATH
-#
+    [m4_pushdef([GIT_UC_PROGRAM], m4_toupper([$1]))dnl
+    if test "$withval" = "no"; then
+	if test -n "$2"; then
+		GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH=$withval
+		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Disabling use of GIT_UC_PROGRAM])
+		GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_]GIT_UC_PROGRAM, [YesPlease])
+		GIT_CONF_SUBST(GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH, [])
+	else
+		AC_MSG_ERROR([You cannot use git without $1])
+	fi
+    else
+	if test "$withval" = "yes"; then
+		AC_MSG_WARN([You should provide path for --with-$1=PATH])
+	else
+		GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH=$withval
+		AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH to $withval])
+		GIT_CONF_SUBST(GIT_UC_PROGRAM[]_PATH, [$withval])
+	fi
+    fi
+    m4_popdef([GIT_UC_PROGRAM])])
+
 # GIT_PARSE_WITH(PACKAGE)
 # -----------------------
 # For use in AC_ARG_WITH action-if-found, for packages default ON.
@@ -67,21 +70,21 @@ fi; \
 # * Set PACKAGEDIR=PATH for --with-PACKAGE=PATH
 # * Unset NO_PACKAGE for --with-PACKAGE without ARG
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_PARSE_WITH],
-[PACKAGE=m4_toupper($1); \
-if test "$withval" = "no"; then \
-	m4_toupper(NO_$1)=YesPlease; \
-elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
-	m4_toupper(NO_$1)=; \
-else \
-	m4_toupper(NO_$1)=; \
-	m4_toupper($1)DIR=$withval; \
-	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting m4_toupper($1)DIR to $withval]); \
-	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(${PACKAGE}DIR=$withval); \
-fi \
-])# GIT_PARSE_WITH
-#
+    [m4_pushdef([GIT_UC_PACKAGE], m4_toupper([$1]))dnl
+    if test "$withval" = "no"; then
+	NO_[]GIT_UC_PACKAGE=YesPlease
+    elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
+	NO_[]GIT_UC_PACKAGE=
+    else
+	NO_[]GIT_UC_PACKAGE=
+	GIT_UC_PACKAGE[]DIR=$withval
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting GIT_UC_PACKAGE[]DIR to $withval])
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST(GIT_UC_PACKAGE[DIR], [$withval])
+    fi
+    m4_popdef([GIT_UC_PACKAGE])])
+
 # GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR(WITHNAME, VAR, HELP_TEXT)
-# ---------------------
+# -----------------------------------------------------
 # Set VAR to the value specied by --with-WITHNAME.
 # No verification of arguments is performed, but warnings are issued
 # if either 'yes' or 'no' is specified.
@@ -90,33 +93,32 @@ fi \
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR],
 [AC_ARG_WITH([$1],
  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-$1=VALUE], $3)],
- if test -n "$withval"; then \
-  if test "$withval" = "yes" -o "$withval" = "no"; then \
+ if test -n "$withval"; then
+  if test "$withval" = "yes" -o "$withval" = "no"; then
     AC_MSG_WARN([You likely do not want either 'yes' or 'no' as]
-		     [a value for $1 ($2).  Maybe you do...?]); \
-  fi; \
-  \
-  AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting $2 to $withval]); \
-  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE($2=$withval); \
+		     [a value for $1 ($2).  Maybe you do...?])
+  fi
+  AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting $2 to $withval])
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([$2], [$withval])
  fi)])# GIT_PARSE_WITH_SET_MAKE_VAR
 
-dnl
-dnl GIT_CHECK_FUNC(FUNCTION, IFTRUE, IFFALSE)
-dnl -----------------------------------------
-dnl Similar to AC_CHECK_FUNC, but on systems that do not generate
-dnl warnings for missing prototypes (e.g. FreeBSD when compiling without
-dnl -Wall), it does not work.  By looking for function definition in
-dnl libraries, this problem can be worked around.
+#
+# GIT_CHECK_FUNC(FUNCTION, IFTRUE, IFFALSE)
+# -----------------------------------------
+# Similar to AC_CHECK_FUNC, but on systems that do not generate
+# warnings for missing prototypes (e.g. FreeBSD when compiling without
+# -Wall), it does not work.  By looking for function definition in
+# libraries, this problem can be worked around.
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_CHECK_FUNC],[AC_CHECK_FUNC([$1],[
   AC_SEARCH_LIBS([$1],,
   [$2],[$3])
 ],[$3])])
 
-dnl
-dnl GIT_STASH_FLAGS(BASEPATH_VAR)
-dnl -----------------------------
-dnl Allow for easy stashing of LDFLAGS and CPPFLAGS before running
-dnl tests that may want to take user settings into account.
+#
+# GIT_STASH_FLAGS(BASEPATH_VAR)
+# -----------------------------
+# Allow for easy stashing of LDFLAGS and CPPFLAGS before running
+# tests that may want to take user settings into account.
 AC_DEFUN([GIT_STASH_FLAGS],[
 if test -n "$1"; then
    old_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
@@ -137,6 +139,35 @@ if test -n "$1"; then
 fi
 ])
 
+## Configure body starts here.
+
+AC_PREREQ(2.59)
+AC_INIT([git], [@@GIT_VERSION@@], [git@vger.kernel.org])
+
+AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([git.c])
+
+config_file=config.mak.autogen
+config_in=config.mak.in
+
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([AUTOCONFIGURED], [YesPlease])
+
+# Directories holding "saner" versions of common or POSIX binaries.
+AC_ARG_WITH([sane-tool-path],
+  [AS_HELP_STRING(
+    [--with-sane-tool-path=DIR-1[[:DIR-2...:DIR-n]]],
+    [Directories to prepend to PATH in build system and generated scripts])],
+  [if test "$withval" = "no"; then
+    withval=''
+  else
+    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting SANE_TOOL_PATH to '$withval'])
+  fi
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([SANE_TOOL_PATH], [$withval])],
+  [# If the "--with-sane-tool-path" option was not given, don't touch
+   # SANE_TOOL_PATH here, but let defaults in Makefile take care of it.
+   # This should minimize spurious differences in the behaviour of the
+   # Git build system when configure is used w.r.t. when it is not.
+   :])
+
 ## Site configuration related to programs (before tests)
 ## --with-PACKAGE[=ARG] and --without-PACKAGE
 #
@@ -144,14 +175,13 @@ fi
 AC_ARG_WITH([lib],
  [AS_HELP_STRING([--with-lib=ARG],
                  [ARG specifies alternative name for lib directory])],
- [if test "$withval" = "no" || test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
-	AC_MSG_WARN([You should provide name for --with-lib=ARG]); \
-else \
-	lib=$withval; \
-	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting lib to '$lib']); \
-	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(lib=$withval); \
-fi; \
-],[])
+ [if test "$withval" = "no" || test "$withval" = "yes"; then
+	AC_MSG_WARN([You should provide name for --with-lib=ARG])
+  else
+	lib=$withval
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting lib to '$lib'])
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST([lib])
+  fi])
 
 if test -z "$lib"; then
    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting lib to 'lib' (the default)])
@@ -163,7 +193,7 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([pthreads],
   [FLAGS is the value to pass to the compiler to enable POSIX Threads.]
   [The default if FLAGS is not specified is to try first -pthread]
   [and then -lpthread.]
-  [--without-pthreads will disable threading.])],
+  [--disable-pthreads will disable threading.])],
 [
 if test "x$enableval" = "xyes"; then
    AC_MSG_NOTICE([Will try -pthread then -lpthread to enable POSIX Threads])
@@ -186,7 +216,7 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([jsmin],
 [
   JSMIN=$enableval;
   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting JSMIN to '$JSMIN' to enable JavaScript minifying])
-  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(JSMIN=$enableval);
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([JSMIN])
 ])
 
 # Define option to enable CSS minification
@@ -196,7 +226,7 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE([cssmin],
 [
   CSSMIN=$enableval;
   AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting CSSMIN to '$CSSMIN' to enable CSS minifying])
-  GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(CSSMIN=$enableval);
+  GIT_CONF_SUBST([CSSMIN])
 ])
 
 ## Site configuration (override autodetection)
@@ -217,9 +247,9 @@ AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for site configuration])
 # /foo/bar/include and /foo/bar/lib directories.
 AC_ARG_WITH(openssl,
 AS_HELP_STRING([--with-openssl],[use OpenSSL library (default is YES)])
-AS_HELP_STRING([],              [ARG can be prefix for openssl library and headers]),\
-GIT_PARSE_WITH(openssl))
-#
+AS_HELP_STRING([],              [ARG can be prefix for openssl library and headers]),
+GIT_PARSE_WITH([openssl]))
+
 # Define USE_LIBPCRE if you have and want to use libpcre. git-grep will be
 # able to use Perl-compatible regular expressions.
 #
@@ -229,17 +259,26 @@ GIT_PARSE_WITH(openssl))
 AC_ARG_WITH(libpcre,
 AS_HELP_STRING([--with-libpcre],[support Perl-compatible regexes (default is NO)])
 AS_HELP_STRING([],           [ARG can be also prefix for libpcre library and headers]),
-if test "$withval" = "no"; then \
-	USE_LIBPCRE=; \
-elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then \
-	USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease; \
-else
-	USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease; \
-	LIBPCREDIR=$withval; \
-	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting LIBPCREDIR to $withval]); \
-	GIT_CONF_APPEND_LINE(LIBPCREDIR=$withval); \
-fi \
-)
+    if test "$withval" = "no"; then
+	USE_LIBPCRE=
+    elif test "$withval" = "yes"; then
+	USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease
+    else
+	USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease
+	LIBPCREDIR=$withval
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([Setting LIBPCREDIR to $LIBPCREDIR])
+        dnl USE_LIBPCRE can still be modified below, so don't substitute
+        dnl it yet.
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST([LIBPCREDIR])
+    fi)
+#
+# Define HAVE_ALLOCA_H if you have working alloca(3) defined in that header.
+AC_FUNC_ALLOCA
+case $ac_cv_working_alloca_h in
+    yes)    HAVE_ALLOCA_H=YesPlease;;
+    *)      HAVE_ALLOCA_H='';;
+esac
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_ALLOCA_H])
 #
 # Define NO_CURL if you do not have curl installed.  git-http-pull and
 # git-http-push are not built, and you cannot use http:// and https://
@@ -347,7 +386,7 @@ AC_ARG_WITH(tcltk,
 AS_HELP_STRING([--with-tcltk],[use Tcl/Tk GUI (default is YES)])
 AS_HELP_STRING([],[ARG is the full path to the Tcl/Tk interpreter.])
 AS_HELP_STRING([],[Bare --with-tcltk will make the GUI part only if])
-AS_HELP_STRING([],[Tcl/Tk interpreter will be found in a system.]),\
+AS_HELP_STRING([],[Tcl/Tk interpreter will be found in a system.]),
 GIT_PARSE_WITH(tcltk))
 #
 
@@ -358,9 +397,10 @@ AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for programs])
 AC_PROG_CC([cc gcc])
 AC_C_INLINE
 case $ac_cv_c_inline in
-  inline | yes | no)	;;
-  *)			AC_SUBST([INLINE], [$ac_cv_c_inline]) ;;
+  inline | yes | no) INLINE='';;
+  *)                 INLINE=$ac_cv_c_inline ;;
 esac
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([INLINE])
 
 # which switch to pass runtime path to dynamic libraries to the linker
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -R], git_cv_ld_dashr, [
@@ -370,7 +410,7 @@ AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -R], git_cv_ld_dashr, [
    LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
 ])
 if test "$git_cv_ld_dashr" = "yes"; then
-   AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-R])
+   CC_LD_DYNPATH=-R
 else
    AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -Wl,-rpath,], git_cv_ld_wl_rpath, [
       SAVE_LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
@@ -379,7 +419,7 @@ else
       LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
    ])
    if test "$git_cv_ld_wl_rpath" = "yes"; then
-      AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-Wl,-rpath,])
+      CC_LD_DYNPATH=-Wl,-rpath,
    else
       AC_CACHE_CHECK([if linker supports -rpath], git_cv_ld_rpath, [
          SAVE_LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
@@ -388,52 +428,48 @@ else
          LDFLAGS="${SAVE_LDFLAGS}"
       ])
       if test "$git_cv_ld_rpath" = "yes"; then
-         AC_SUBST(CC_LD_DYNPATH, [-rpath])
+         CC_LD_DYNPATH=-rpath
       else
+         CC_LD_DYNPATH=
          AC_MSG_WARN([linker does not support runtime path to dynamic libraries])
       fi
    fi
 fi
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([CC_LD_DYNPATH])
 #AC_PROG_INSTALL		# needs install-sh or install.sh in sources
 AC_CHECK_TOOLS(AR, [gar ar], :)
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(TAR, [gtar tar])
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(DIFF, [gnudiff gdiff diff])
 # TCLTK_PATH will be set to some value if we want Tcl/Tk
 # or will be empty otherwise.
-if test -z "$NO_TCLTK"; then
+if test -n "$NO_TCLTK"; then
+  TCLTK_PATH=
+else
   if test "$with_tcltk" = ""; then
   # No Tcl/Tk switches given. Do not check for Tcl/Tk, use bare 'wish'.
     TCLTK_PATH=wish
-    AC_SUBST(TCLTK_PATH)
   elif test "$with_tcltk" = "yes"; then
   # Tcl/Tk check requested.
     AC_CHECK_PROGS(TCLTK_PATH, [wish], )
   else
     AC_MSG_RESULT([Using Tcl/Tk interpreter $with_tcltk])
     TCLTK_PATH="$with_tcltk"
-    AC_SUBST(TCLTK_PATH)
   fi
 fi
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([TCLTK_PATH])
 AC_CHECK_PROGS(ASCIIDOC, [asciidoc])
 if test -n "$ASCIIDOC"; then
 	AC_MSG_CHECKING([for asciidoc version])
 	asciidoc_version=`$ASCIIDOC --version 2>/dev/null`
 	case "${asciidoc_version}" in
-	asciidoc' '7*)
-		ASCIIDOC7=YesPlease
-		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version} > 7])
-		;;
 	asciidoc' '8*)
-		ASCIIDOC7=
 		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version}])
 		;;
 	*)
-		ASCIIDOC7=
 		AC_MSG_RESULT([${asciidoc_version} (unknown)])
 		;;
 	esac
 fi
-AC_SUBST(ASCIIDOC7)
 
 
 ## Checks for libraries.
@@ -447,13 +483,13 @@ GIT_STASH_FLAGS($OPENSSLDIR)
 AC_CHECK_LIB([crypto], [SHA1_Init],
 [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=],
 [AC_CHECK_LIB([ssl], [SHA1_Init],
- [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=YesPlease],
- [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO= NO_OPENSSL=YesPlease])])
+ [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=YesPlease NO_OPENSSL=],
+ [NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO=          NO_OPENSSL=YesPlease])])
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($OPENSSLDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO)
-AC_SUBST(NO_OPENSSL)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_SSL_WITH_CRYPTO])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_OPENSSL])
 
 #
 # Define USE_LIBPCRE if you have and want to use libpcre. git-grep will be
@@ -470,7 +506,7 @@ AC_CHECK_LIB([pcre], [pcre_version],
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($LIBPCREDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(USE_LIBPCRE)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([USE_LIBPCRE])
 
 fi
 
@@ -487,7 +523,7 @@ AC_CHECK_LIB([curl], [curl_global_init],
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($CURLDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NO_CURL)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_CURL])
 
 #
 # Define NO_EXPAT if you do not have expat installed.  git-http-push is
@@ -501,7 +537,7 @@ AC_CHECK_LIB([expat], [XML_ParserCreate],
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($EXPATDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NO_EXPAT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_EXPAT])
 
 #
 # Define NEEDS_LIBICONV if linking with libc is not enough (Darwin and
@@ -547,8 +583,8 @@ LIBS="$old_LIBS"
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ICONVDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_LIBICONV)
-AC_SUBST(NO_ICONV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_LIBICONV])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_ICONV])
 
 if test -n "$NO_ICONV"; then
     NEEDS_LIBICONV=
@@ -575,7 +611,7 @@ LIBS="$old_LIBS"
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ZLIB_PATH)
 
-AC_SUBST(NO_DEFLATE_BOUND)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_DEFLATE_BOUND])
 
 #
 # Define NEEDS_SOCKET if linking with libc is not enough (SunOS,
@@ -583,7 +619,7 @@ AC_SUBST(NO_DEFLATE_BOUND)
 AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [socket],
 [NEEDS_SOCKET=],
 [NEEDS_SOCKET=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_SOCKET)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_SOCKET])
 test -n "$NEEDS_SOCKET" && LIBS="$LIBS -lsocket"
 
 #
@@ -591,40 +627,43 @@ test -n "$NEEDS_SOCKET" && LIBS="$LIBS -lsocket"
 # libresolv provides some of the functions we would normally get
 # from libc.
 NEEDS_RESOLV=
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_RESOLV)
 #
 # Define NO_INET_NTOP if linking with -lresolv is not enough.
 # Solaris 2.7 in particular hos inet_ntop in -lresolv.
 NO_INET_NTOP=
-AC_SUBST(NO_INET_NTOP)
 AC_CHECK_FUNC([inet_ntop],
-	[],
+    [],
     [AC_CHECK_LIB([resolv], [inet_ntop],
-	    [NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
+	[NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
 	[NO_INET_NTOP=YesPlease])
 ])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INET_NTOP])
 #
 # Define NO_INET_PTON if linking with -lresolv is not enough.
 # Solaris 2.7 in particular hos inet_pton in -lresolv.
 NO_INET_PTON=
-AC_SUBST(NO_INET_PTON)
 AC_CHECK_FUNC([inet_pton],
-	[],
+    [],
     [AC_CHECK_LIB([resolv], [inet_pton],
-	    [NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
+	[NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
 	[NO_INET_PTON=YesPlease])
 ])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INET_PTON])
 #
 # Define NO_HSTRERROR if linking with -lresolv is not enough.
 # Solaris 2.6 in particular has no hstrerror, even in -lresolv.
 NO_HSTRERROR=
 AC_CHECK_FUNC([hstrerror],
-	[],
+    [],
     [AC_CHECK_LIB([resolv], [hstrerror],
-	    [NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
+	[NEEDS_RESOLV=YesPlease],
 	[NO_HSTRERROR=YesPlease])
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_HSTRERROR)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_HSTRERROR])
+
+dnl This must go after all the possible places for its initialization,
+dnl in the AC_CHECK_FUNC invocations above.
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_RESOLV])
 #
 # If any of the above tests determined that -lresolv is needed at
 # build-time, also set it here for remaining configure-time checks.
@@ -633,13 +672,13 @@ test -n "$NEEDS_RESOLV" && LIBS="$LIBS -lresolv"
 AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [basename],
 [NEEDS_LIBGEN=],
 [NEEDS_LIBGEN=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NEEDS_LIBGEN)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_LIBGEN])
 test -n "$NEEDS_LIBGEN" && LIBS="$LIBS -lgen"
 
 AC_CHECK_LIB([c], [gettext],
 [LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL=YesPlease],
 [LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL=])
-AC_SUBST(LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL])
 
 #
 # Define NO_GETTEXT if you don't want Git output to be translated.
@@ -647,7 +686,7 @@ AC_SUBST(LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL)
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([libintl.h],
 [NO_GETTEXT=],
 [NO_GETTEXT=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_GETTEXT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_GETTEXT])
 
 if test -z "$NO_GETTEXT"; then
     test -n "$LIBC_CONTAINS_LIBINTL" || LIBS="$LIBS -lintl"
@@ -660,19 +699,19 @@ AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for header files])
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([sys/select.h],
 [NO_SYS_SELECT_H=],
 [NO_SYS_SELECT_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SYS_SELECT_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SYS_SELECT_H])
 #
 # Define NO_SYS_POLL_H if you don't have sys/poll.h
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([sys/poll.h],
 [NO_SYS_POLL_H=],
 [NO_SYS_POLL_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SYS_POLL_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SYS_POLL_H])
 #
 # Define NO_INTTYPES_H if you don't have inttypes.h
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([inttypes.h],
 [NO_INTTYPES_H=],
 [NO_INTTYPES_H=UnfortunatelyYes])
-AC_SUBST(NO_INTTYPES_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INTTYPES_H])
 #
 # Define OLD_ICONV if your library has an old iconv(), where the second
 # (input buffer pointer) parameter is declared with type (const char **).
@@ -695,23 +734,45 @@ AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([OLDICONVTEST_SRC],
 
 GIT_UNSTASH_FLAGS($ICONVDIR)
 
-AC_SUBST(OLD_ICONV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([OLD_ICONV])
 
 ## Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
 AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics])
 #
 TYPE_SOCKLEN_T
 case $ac_cv_type_socklen_t in
-  yes)	;;
-  *)  	AC_SUBST([SOCKLEN_T], [$git_cv_socklen_t_equiv]) ;;
+  yes)	SOCKLEN_T='';;
+  *)  	SOCKLEN_T=$git_cv_socklen_t_equiv;;
 esac
-
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([SOCKLEN_T])
+
+#
+# Define NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL if you don't have struct itimerval.
+AC_CHECK_TYPES([struct itimerval],
+[NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL=],
+[NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL=UnfortunatelyYes],
+[#include <sys/time.h>])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL])
+#
+# Define USE_ST_TIMESPEC=YesPlease when stat.st_mtimespec.tv_nsec exists.
+# Define NO_NSEC=YesPlease when neither stat.st_mtim.tv_nsec nor
+# stat.st_mtimespec.tv_nsec exists.
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER([struct stat.st_mtimespec.tv_nsec])
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER([struct stat.st_mtim.tv_nsec])
+if test x$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_mtimespec_tv_nsec = xyes; then
+	USE_ST_TIMESPEC=YesPlease
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST([USE_ST_TIMESPEC])
+elif test x$ac_cv_member_struct_stat_st_mtim_tv_nsec != xyes; then
+	NO_NSEC=YesPlease
+	GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_NSEC])
+fi
+#
 # Define NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT if you don't have d_ino in your struct dirent.
 AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct dirent.d_ino,
 [NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=],
 [NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT=YesPlease],
 [#include <dirent.h>])
-AC_SUBST(NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_D_INO_IN_DIRENT])
 #
 # Define NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT if your platform defines DT_UNKNOWN but lacks
 # d_type in struct dirent (latest Cygwin -- will be fixed soonish).
@@ -719,7 +780,15 @@ AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct dirent.d_type,
 [NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=],
 [NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT=YesPlease],
 [#include <dirent.h>])
-AC_SUBST(NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_D_TYPE_IN_DIRENT])
+#
+# Define NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT if you don't have pw_gecos in struct passwd
+# in the C library.
+AC_CHECK_MEMBER(struct passwd.pw_gecos,
+[NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT=],
+[NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT=YesPlease],
+[#include <pwd.h>])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT])
 #
 # Define NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE if your platform does not have struct
 # sockaddr_storage.
@@ -729,7 +798,7 @@ AC_CHECK_TYPE(struct sockaddr_storage,
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SOCKADDR_STORAGE])
 #
 # Define NO_IPV6 if you lack IPv6 support and getaddrinfo().
 AC_CHECK_TYPE([struct addrinfo],[
@@ -741,7 +810,7 @@ AC_CHECK_TYPE([struct addrinfo],[
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <netdb.h>
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_IPV6)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_IPV6])
 #
 # Define NO_REGEX if you have no or inferior regex support in your C library.
 AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether the platform regex can handle null bytes],
@@ -762,7 +831,7 @@ if test $ac_cv_c_excellent_regex = yes; then
 else
 	NO_REGEX=YesPlease
 fi
-AC_SUBST(NO_REGEX)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_REGEX])
 #
 # Define FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES if your are on a system which succeeds
 # when attempting to read from an fopen'ed directory.
@@ -782,7 +851,7 @@ if test $ac_cv_fread_reads_directories = yes; then
 else
 	FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES=
 fi
-AC_SUBST(FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES])
 #
 # Define SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS if your are on a system which snprintf()
 # or vsnprintf() return -1 instead of number of characters which would
@@ -816,7 +885,30 @@ if test $ac_cv_snprintf_returns_bogus = yes; then
 else
 	SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS=
 fi
-AC_SUBST(SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS])
+#
+# Define NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION if your OS strays from the typical file type
+# bits in mode values.
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether the platform uses typical file type bits],
+ [ac_cv_sane_mode_bits], [
+AC_EGREP_CPP(yippeeyeswehaveit,
+	AC_LANG_PROGRAM([AC_INCLUDES_DEFAULT],
+[#if S_IFMT == 0170000 && \
+	S_IFREG == 0100000 && S_IFDIR == 0040000 && S_IFLNK == 0120000 && \
+	S_IFBLK == 0060000 && S_IFCHR == 0020000 && \
+	S_IFIFO == 0010000 && S_IFSOCK == 0140000
+yippeeyeswehaveit
+#endif
+]),
+	[ac_cv_sane_mode_bits=yes],
+	[ac_cv_sane_mode_bits=no])
+])
+if test $ac_cv_sane_mode_bits = yes; then
+	NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION=
+else
+	NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION=UnfortunatelyYes
+fi
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION])
 
 
 ## Checks for library functions.
@@ -827,81 +919,83 @@ AC_MSG_NOTICE([CHECKS for library functions])
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([libgen.h],
 [NO_LIBGEN_H=],
 [NO_LIBGEN_H=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_LIBGEN_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_LIBGEN_H])
 #
 # Define HAVE_PATHS_H if you have paths.h.
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([paths.h],
 [HAVE_PATHS_H=YesPlease],
 [HAVE_PATHS_H=])
-AC_SUBST(HAVE_PATHS_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_PATHS_H])
 #
 # Define HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H if have libcharset.h
 AC_CHECK_HEADER([libcharset.h],
 [HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=YesPlease],
 [HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H=])
-AC_SUBST(HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_LIBCHARSET_H])
+#
+# Define HAVE_STRINGS_H if you have strings.h
+AC_CHECK_HEADER([strings.h],
+[HAVE_STRINGS_H=YesPlease],
+[HAVE_STRINGS_H=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_STRINGS_H])
 # Define CHARSET_LIB if libiconv does not export the locale_charset symbol
 # and libcharset does
 CHARSET_LIB=
 AC_CHECK_LIB([iconv], [locale_charset],
-       [],
+       [CHARSET_LIB=-liconv],
        [AC_CHECK_LIB([charset], [locale_charset],
-                     [CHARSET_LIB=-lcharset])
-       ]
-)
-AC_SUBST(CHARSET_LIB)
+                     [CHARSET_LIB=-lcharset])])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([CHARSET_LIB])
+#
+# Define NO_HMAC_CTX_CLEANUP=YesPlease if HMAC_CTX_cleanup is missing.
+AC_CHECK_LIB([crypto], [HMAC_CTX_cleanup],
+	[], [GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_HMAC_CTX_CLEANUP], [YesPlease])])
+#
+# Define HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME=YesPlease if clock_gettime is available.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(clock_gettime,
+	[HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME=YesPlease],
+	[HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME])
+
+AC_DEFUN([CLOCK_MONOTONIC_SRC], [
+AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#include <time.h>
+clockid_t id = CLOCK_MONOTONIC;
+]])])
+
+#
+# Define HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC=YesPlease if CLOCK_MONOTONIC is available.
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for CLOCK_MONOTONIC])
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([CLOCK_MONOTONIC_SRC],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+	HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC=YesPlease],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+	HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC])
+#
+# Define NO_SETITIMER if you don't have setitimer.
+GIT_CHECK_FUNC(setitimer,
+[NO_SETITIMER=],
+[NO_SETITIMER=YesPlease])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SETITIMER])
 #
 # Define NO_STRCASESTR if you don't have strcasestr.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strcasestr,
 [NO_STRCASESTR=],
 [NO_STRCASESTR=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRCASESTR)
-#
-# Define NO_STRTOK_R if you don't have strtok_r
-GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strtok_r,
-[NO_STRTOK_R=],
-[NO_STRTOK_R=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRTOK_R)
-#
-# Define NO_FNMATCH if you don't have fnmatch
-GIT_CHECK_FUNC(fnmatch,
-[NO_FNMATCH=],
-[NO_FNMATCH=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_FNMATCH)
-#
-# Define NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD if your fnmatch function doesn't have the
-# FNM_CASEFOLD GNU extension.
-AC_CACHE_CHECK([whether the fnmatch function supports the FNMATCH_CASEFOLD GNU extension],
- [ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch], [
-AC_EGREP_CPP(yippeeyeswehaveit,
-	AC_LANG_PROGRAM([
-#include <fnmatch.h>
-],
-[#ifdef FNM_CASEFOLD
-yippeeyeswehaveit
-#endif
-]),
-	[ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch=yes],
-	[ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch=no])
-])
-if test $ac_cv_c_excellent_fnmatch = yes; then
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=
-else
-	NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD=YesPlease
-fi
-AC_SUBST(NO_FNMATCH_CASEFOLD)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRCASESTR])
 #
 # Define NO_MEMMEM if you don't have memmem.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(memmem,
 [NO_MEMMEM=],
 [NO_MEMMEM=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_MEMMEM)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_MEMMEM])
 #
 # Define NO_STRLCPY if you don't have strlcpy.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strlcpy,
 [NO_STRLCPY=],
 [NO_STRLCPY=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRLCPY)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRLCPY])
 #
 # Define NO_UINTMAX_T if your platform does not have uintmax_t
 AC_CHECK_TYPE(uintmax_t,
@@ -909,49 +1003,72 @@ AC_CHECK_TYPE(uintmax_t,
 [NO_UINTMAX_T=YesPlease],[
 #include <inttypes.h>
 ])
-AC_SUBST(NO_UINTMAX_T)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_UINTMAX_T])
 #
 # Define NO_STRTOUMAX if you don't have strtoumax in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(strtoumax,
 [NO_STRTOUMAX=],
 [NO_STRTOUMAX=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_STRTOUMAX)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_STRTOUMAX])
 #
 # Define NO_SETENV if you don't have setenv in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(setenv,
 [NO_SETENV=],
 [NO_SETENV=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_SETENV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_SETENV])
 #
 # Define NO_UNSETENV if you don't have unsetenv in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(unsetenv,
 [NO_UNSETENV=],
 [NO_UNSETENV=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_UNSETENV)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_UNSETENV])
 #
 # Define NO_MKDTEMP if you don't have mkdtemp in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(mkdtemp,
 [NO_MKDTEMP=],
 [NO_MKDTEMP=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_MKDTEMP)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_MKDTEMP])
 #
 # Define NO_MKSTEMPS if you don't have mkstemps in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(mkstemps,
 [NO_MKSTEMPS=],
 [NO_MKSTEMPS=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_MKSTEMPS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_MKSTEMPS])
 #
 # Define NO_INITGROUPS if you don't have initgroups in the C library.
 GIT_CHECK_FUNC(initgroups,
 [NO_INITGROUPS=],
 [NO_INITGROUPS=YesPlease])
-AC_SUBST(NO_INITGROUPS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_INITGROUPS])
 #
 #
 # Define NO_MMAP if you want to avoid mmap.
 #
 # Define NO_ICONV if your libc does not properly support iconv.
 
+AC_DEFUN([BSD_SYSCTL_SRC], [
+AC_LANG_PROGRAM([[
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+]],[[
+int val, mib[2];
+size_t len;
+mib[0] = CTL_HW;
+mib[1] = 1;
+len = sizeof(val);
+return sysctl(mib, 2, &val, &len, NULL, 0) ? 1 : 0;
+]])])
+
+#
+# Define HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL=YesPlease if a BSD-compatible sysctl function is available.
+AC_MSG_CHECKING([for BSD sysctl])
+AC_COMPILE_IFELSE([BSD_SYSCTL_SRC],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL=YesPlease],
+	[AC_MSG_RESULT([no])
+	HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL=])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL])
 
 ## Other checks.
 # Define USE_PIC if you need the main git objects to be built with -fPIC
@@ -991,10 +1108,20 @@ if test -n "$USER_NOPTHREAD"; then
 # -D_REENTRANT' or some such.
 elif test -z "$PTHREAD_CFLAGS"; then
   threads_found=no
-  for opt in -mt -pthread -lpthread; do
+  # Attempt to compile and link some code using pthreads to determine
+  # required linker flags. The order is somewhat important here: We
+  # first try it without any extra flags, to catch systems where
+  # pthreads are part of the C library, then go on testing various other
+  # flags. We do so to avoid false positives. For example, on Mac OS X
+  # pthreads are part of the C library; moreover, the compiler allows us
+  # to add "-mt" to the CFLAGS (although it will do nothing except
+  # trigger a warning about an unused flag). Hence if we checked for
+  # "-mt" before "" we would end up picking it. But unfortunately this
+  # would then trigger compiler warnings on every single file we compile.
+  for opt in "" -mt -pthread -lpthread; do
      old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
      CFLAGS="$opt $CFLAGS"
-     AC_MSG_CHECKING([Checking for POSIX Threads with '$opt'])
+     AC_MSG_CHECKING([for POSIX Threads with '$opt'])
      AC_LINK_IFELSE([PTHREADTEST_SRC],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
 		NO_PTHREADS=
@@ -1014,7 +1141,7 @@ elif test -z "$PTHREAD_CFLAGS"; then
 else
   old_CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
   CFLAGS="$PTHREAD_CFLAGS $CFLAGS"
-  AC_MSG_CHECKING([Checking for POSIX Threads with '$PTHREAD_CFLAGS'])
+  AC_MSG_CHECKING([for POSIX Threads with '$PTHREAD_CFLAGS'])
   AC_LINK_IFELSE([PTHREADTEST_SRC],
 	[AC_MSG_RESULT([yes])
 		NO_PTHREADS=
@@ -1027,14 +1154,10 @@ fi
 
 CFLAGS="$old_CFLAGS"
 
-AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_CFLAGS)
-AC_SUBST(PTHREAD_LIBS)
-AC_SUBST(NO_PTHREADS)
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([PTHREAD_CFLAGS])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([PTHREAD_LIBS])
+GIT_CONF_SUBST([NO_PTHREADS])
 
 ## Output files
-AC_CONFIG_FILES(["${config_file}":"${config_in}":"${config_append}"])
+AC_CONFIG_FILES(["${config_file}":"${config_in}"])
 AC_OUTPUT
-
-
-## Cleanup
-rm -f "${config_append}"
diff --git a/connect.c b/connect.c
index 912cddeea8..6090211fe9 100644
--- a/connect.c
+++ b/connect.c
@@ -5,32 +5,32 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "url.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
 
 static char *server_capabilities;
+static const char *parse_feature_value(const char *, const char *, int *);
 
-static int check_ref(const char *name, int len, unsigned int flags)
+static int check_ref(const char *name, unsigned int flags)
 {
 	if (!flags)
 		return 1;
 
-	if (len < 5 || memcmp(name, "refs/", 5))
+	if (!skip_prefix(name, "refs/", &name))
 		return 0;
 
-	/* Skip the "refs/" part */
-	name += 5;
-	len -= 5;
-
 	/* REF_NORMAL means that we don't want the magic fake tag refs */
 	if ((flags & REF_NORMAL) && check_refname_format(name, 0))
 		return 0;
 
 	/* REF_HEADS means that we want regular branch heads */
-	if ((flags & REF_HEADS) && !memcmp(name, "heads/", 6))
+	if ((flags & REF_HEADS) && starts_with(name, "heads/"))
 		return 1;
 
 	/* REF_TAGS means that we want tags */
-	if ((flags & REF_TAGS) && !memcmp(name, "tags/", 5))
+	if ((flags & REF_TAGS) && starts_with(name, "tags/"))
 		return 1;
 
 	/* All type bits clear means that we are ok with anything */
@@ -39,39 +39,113 @@ static int check_ref(const char *name, int len, unsigned int flags)
 
 int check_ref_type(const struct ref *ref, int flags)
 {
-	return check_ref(ref->name, strlen(ref->name), flags);
+	return check_ref(ref->name, flags);
+}
+
+static void die_initial_contact(int got_at_least_one_head)
+{
+	if (got_at_least_one_head)
+		die("The remote end hung up upon initial contact");
+	else
+		die("Could not read from remote repository.\n\n"
+		    "Please make sure you have the correct access rights\n"
+		    "and the repository exists.");
 }
 
-static void add_extra_have(struct extra_have_objects *extra, unsigned char *sha1)
+static void parse_one_symref_info(struct string_list *symref, const char *val, int len)
 {
-	ALLOC_GROW(extra->array, extra->nr + 1, extra->alloc);
-	hashcpy(&(extra->array[extra->nr][0]), sha1);
-	extra->nr++;
+	char *sym, *target;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!len)
+		return; /* just "symref" */
+	/* e.g. "symref=HEAD:refs/heads/master" */
+	sym = xmemdupz(val, len);
+	target = strchr(sym, ':');
+	if (!target)
+		/* just "symref=something" */
+		goto reject;
+	*(target++) = '\0';
+	if (check_refname_format(sym, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL) ||
+	    check_refname_format(target, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
+		/* "symref=bogus:pair */
+		goto reject;
+	item = string_list_append(symref, sym);
+	item->util = target;
+	return;
+reject:
+	free(sym);
+	return;
+}
+
+static void annotate_refs_with_symref_info(struct ref *ref)
+{
+	struct string_list symref = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	const char *feature_list = server_capabilities;
+
+	while (feature_list) {
+		int len;
+		const char *val;
+
+		val = parse_feature_value(feature_list, "symref", &len);
+		if (!val)
+			break;
+		parse_one_symref_info(&symref, val, len);
+		feature_list = val + 1;
+	}
+	string_list_sort(&symref);
+
+	for (; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		item = string_list_lookup(&symref, ref->name);
+		if (!item)
+			continue;
+		ref->symref = xstrdup((char *)item->util);
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&symref, 0);
 }
 
 /*
  * Read all the refs from the other end
  */
-struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list,
-			      unsigned int flags,
-			      struct extra_have_objects *extra_have)
+struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, char *src_buf, size_t src_len,
+			      struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
+			      struct sha1_array *extra_have,
+			      struct sha1_array *shallow_points)
 {
+	struct ref **orig_list = list;
+	int got_at_least_one_head = 0;
+
 	*list = NULL;
 	for (;;) {
 		struct ref *ref;
 		unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-		static char buffer[1000];
 		char *name;
 		int len, name_len;
+		char *buffer = packet_buffer;
+		const char *arg;
+
+		len = packet_read(in, &src_buf, &src_len,
+				  packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer),
+				  PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF |
+				  PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE);
+		if (len < 0)
+			die_initial_contact(got_at_least_one_head);
 
-		len = packet_read_line(in, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
 		if (!len)
 			break;
-		if (buffer[len-1] == '\n')
-			buffer[--len] = 0;
 
-		if (len > 4 && !prefixcmp(buffer, "ERR "))
-			die("remote error: %s", buffer + 4);
+		if (len > 4 && skip_prefix(buffer, "ERR ", &arg))
+			die("remote error: %s", arg);
+
+		if (len == 48 && skip_prefix(buffer, "shallow ", &arg)) {
+			if (get_sha1_hex(arg, old_sha1))
+				die("protocol error: expected shallow sha-1, got '%s'", arg);
+			if (!shallow_points)
+				die("repository on the other end cannot be shallow");
+			sha1_array_append(shallow_points, old_sha1);
+			continue;
+		}
 
 		if (len < 42 || get_sha1_hex(buffer, old_sha1) || buffer[40] != ' ')
 			die("protocol error: expected sha/ref, got '%s'", buffer);
@@ -83,28 +157,26 @@ struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, struct ref **list,
 			server_capabilities = xstrdup(name + name_len + 1);
 		}
 
-		if (extra_have &&
-		    name_len == 5 && !memcmp(".have", name, 5)) {
-			add_extra_have(extra_have, old_sha1);
+		if (extra_have && !strcmp(name, ".have")) {
+			sha1_array_append(extra_have, old_sha1);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!check_ref(name, name_len, flags))
+		if (!check_ref(name, flags))
 			continue;
 		ref = alloc_ref(buffer + 41);
 		hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, old_sha1);
 		*list = ref;
 		list = &ref->next;
+		got_at_least_one_head = 1;
 	}
-	return list;
-}
 
-int server_supports(const char *feature)
-{
-	return !!parse_feature_request(server_capabilities, feature);
+	annotate_refs_with_symref_info(*orig_list);
+
+	return list;
 }
 
-const char *parse_feature_request(const char *feature_list, const char *feature)
+static const char *parse_feature_value(const char *feature_list, const char *feature, int *lenp)
 {
 	int len;
 
@@ -116,20 +188,76 @@ const char *parse_feature_request(const char *feature_list, const char *feature)
 		const char *found = strstr(feature_list, feature);
 		if (!found)
 			return NULL;
-		if ((feature_list == found || isspace(found[-1])) &&
-		    (!found[len] || isspace(found[len]) || found[len] == '='))
-			return found;
+		if (feature_list == found || isspace(found[-1])) {
+			const char *value = found + len;
+			/* feature with no value (e.g., "thin-pack") */
+			if (!*value || isspace(*value)) {
+				if (lenp)
+					*lenp = 0;
+				return value;
+			}
+			/* feature with a value (e.g., "agent=git/1.2.3") */
+			else if (*value == '=') {
+				value++;
+				if (lenp)
+					*lenp = strcspn(value, " \t\n");
+				return value;
+			}
+			/*
+			 * otherwise we matched a substring of another feature;
+			 * keep looking
+			 */
+		}
 		feature_list = found + 1;
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+int parse_feature_request(const char *feature_list, const char *feature)
+{
+	return !!parse_feature_value(feature_list, feature, NULL);
+}
+
+const char *server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len)
+{
+	return parse_feature_value(server_capabilities, feature, len);
+}
+
+int server_supports(const char *feature)
+{
+	return !!server_feature_value(feature, NULL);
+}
+
 enum protocol {
 	PROTO_LOCAL = 1,
+	PROTO_FILE,
 	PROTO_SSH,
 	PROTO_GIT
 };
 
+int url_is_local_not_ssh(const char *url)
+{
+	const char *colon = strchr(url, ':');
+	const char *slash = strchr(url, '/');
+	return !colon || (slash && slash < colon) ||
+		has_dos_drive_prefix(url);
+}
+
+static const char *prot_name(enum protocol protocol)
+{
+	switch (protocol) {
+		case PROTO_LOCAL:
+		case PROTO_FILE:
+			return "file";
+		case PROTO_SSH:
+			return "ssh";
+		case PROTO_GIT:
+			return "git";
+		default:
+			return "unkown protocol";
+	}
+}
+
 static enum protocol get_protocol(const char *name)
 {
 	if (!strcmp(name, "ssh"))
@@ -141,32 +269,48 @@ static enum protocol get_protocol(const char *name)
 	if (!strcmp(name, "ssh+git"))
 		return PROTO_SSH;
 	if (!strcmp(name, "file"))
-		return PROTO_LOCAL;
+		return PROTO_FILE;
 	die("I don't handle protocol '%s'", name);
 }
 
+static char *host_end(char **hoststart, int removebrackets)
+{
+	char *host = *hoststart;
+	char *end;
+	char *start = strstr(host, "@[");
+	if (start)
+		start++; /* Jump over '@' */
+	else
+		start = host;
+	if (start[0] == '[') {
+		end = strchr(start + 1, ']');
+		if (end) {
+			if (removebrackets) {
+				*end = 0;
+				memmove(start, start + 1, end - start);
+				end++;
+			}
+		} else
+			end = host;
+	} else
+		end = host;
+	return end;
+}
+
 #define STR_(s)	# s
 #define STR(s)	STR_(s)
 
 static void get_host_and_port(char **host, const char **port)
 {
 	char *colon, *end;
-
-	if (*host[0] == '[') {
-		end = strchr(*host + 1, ']');
-		if (end) {
-			*end = 0;
-			end++;
-			(*host)++;
-		} else
-			end = *host;
-	} else
-		end = *host;
+	end = host_end(host, 1);
 	colon = strchr(end, ':');
-
 	if (colon) {
-		*colon = 0;
-		*port = colon + 1;
+		long portnr = strtol(colon + 1, &end, 10);
+		if (end != colon + 1 && *end == '\0' && 0 <= portnr && portnr < 65536) {
+			*colon = 0;
+			*port = colon + 1;
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -400,29 +544,24 @@ static int git_use_proxy(const char *host)
 static struct child_process *git_proxy_connect(int fd[2], char *host)
 {
 	const char *port = STR(DEFAULT_GIT_PORT);
-	const char **argv;
 	struct child_process *proxy;
 
 	get_host_and_port(&host, &port);
 
-	argv = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * 4);
-	argv[0] = git_proxy_command;
-	argv[1] = host;
-	argv[2] = port;
-	argv[3] = NULL;
-	proxy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*proxy));
-	proxy->argv = argv;
+	proxy = xmalloc(sizeof(*proxy));
+	child_process_init(proxy);
+	argv_array_push(&proxy->args, git_proxy_command);
+	argv_array_push(&proxy->args, host);
+	argv_array_push(&proxy->args, port);
 	proxy->in = -1;
 	proxy->out = -1;
 	if (start_command(proxy))
-		die("cannot start proxy %s", argv[0]);
+		die("cannot start proxy %s", git_proxy_command);
 	fd[0] = proxy->out; /* read from proxy stdout */
 	fd[1] = proxy->in;  /* write to proxy stdin */
 	return proxy;
 }
 
-#define MAX_CMD_LEN 1024
-
 static char *get_port(char *host)
 {
 	char *end;
@@ -439,37 +578,18 @@ static char *get_port(char *host)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct child_process no_fork;
-
 /*
- * This returns a dummy child_process if the transport protocol does not
- * need fork(2), or a struct child_process object if it does.  Once done,
- * finish the connection with finish_connect() with the value returned from
- * this function (it is safe to call finish_connect() with NULL to support
- * the former case).
- *
- * If it returns, the connect is successful; it just dies on errors (this
- * will hopefully be changed in a libification effort, to return NULL when
- * the connection failed).
+ * Extract protocol and relevant parts from the specified connection URL.
+ * The caller must free() the returned strings.
  */
-struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
-				  const char *prog, int flags)
+static enum protocol parse_connect_url(const char *url_orig, char **ret_host,
+				       char **ret_path)
 {
 	char *url;
 	char *host, *path;
 	char *end;
-	int c;
-	struct child_process *conn = &no_fork;
+	int separator = '/';
 	enum protocol protocol = PROTO_LOCAL;
-	int free_path = 0;
-	char *port = NULL;
-	const char **arg;
-	struct strbuf cmd;
-
-	/* Without this we cannot rely on waitpid() to tell
-	 * what happened to our children.
-	 */
-	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
 
 	if (is_url(url_orig))
 		url = url_decode(url_orig);
@@ -481,37 +601,26 @@ struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
 		*host = '\0';
 		protocol = get_protocol(url);
 		host += 3;
-		c = '/';
 	} else {
 		host = url;
-		c = ':';
+		if (!url_is_local_not_ssh(url)) {
+			protocol = PROTO_SSH;
+			separator = ':';
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Don't do destructive transforms with git:// as that
-	 * protocol code does '[]' unwrapping of its own.
+	 * Don't do destructive transforms as protocol code does
+	 * '[]' unwrapping in get_host_and_port()
 	 */
-	if (host[0] == '[') {
-		end = strchr(host + 1, ']');
-		if (end) {
-			if (protocol != PROTO_GIT) {
-				*end = 0;
-				host++;
-			}
-			end++;
-		} else
-			end = host;
-	} else
-		end = host;
+	end = host_end(&host, 0);
 
-	path = strchr(end, c);
-	if (path && !has_dos_drive_prefix(end)) {
-		if (c == ':') {
-			protocol = PROTO_SSH;
-			*path++ = '\0';
-		}
-	} else
+	if (protocol == PROTO_LOCAL)
 		path = end;
+	else if (protocol == PROTO_FILE && has_dos_drive_prefix(end))
+		path = end; /* "file://$(pwd)" may be "file://C:/projects/repo" */
+	else
+		path = strchr(end, separator);
 
 	if (!path || !*path)
 		die("No path specified. See 'man git-pull' for valid url syntax");
@@ -520,33 +629,76 @@ struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
 	 * null-terminate hostname and point path to ~ for URL's like this:
 	 *    ssh://host.xz/~user/repo
 	 */
-	if (protocol != PROTO_LOCAL && host != url) {
-		char *ptr = path;
+
+	end = path; /* Need to \0 terminate host here */
+	if (separator == ':')
+		path++; /* path starts after ':' */
+	if (protocol == PROTO_GIT || protocol == PROTO_SSH) {
 		if (path[1] == '~')
 			path++;
-		else {
-			path = xstrdup(ptr);
-			free_path = 1;
-		}
-
-		*ptr = '\0';
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Add support for ssh port: ssh://host.xy:<port>/...
+	path = xstrdup(path);
+	*end = '\0';
+
+	*ret_host = xstrdup(host);
+	*ret_path = path;
+	free(url);
+	return protocol;
+}
+
+static struct child_process no_fork = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+
+/*
+ * This returns a dummy child_process if the transport protocol does not
+ * need fork(2), or a struct child_process object if it does.  Once done,
+ * finish the connection with finish_connect() with the value returned from
+ * this function (it is safe to call finish_connect() with NULL to support
+ * the former case).
+ *
+ * If it returns, the connect is successful; it just dies on errors (this
+ * will hopefully be changed in a libification effort, to return NULL when
+ * the connection failed).
+ */
+struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url,
+				  const char *prog, int flags)
+{
+	char *hostandport, *path;
+	struct child_process *conn = &no_fork;
+	enum protocol protocol;
+	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Without this we cannot rely on waitpid() to tell
+	 * what happened to our children.
 	 */
-	if (protocol == PROTO_SSH && host != url)
-		port = get_port(host);
+	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
+
+	protocol = parse_connect_url(url, &hostandport, &path);
+	if ((flags & CONNECT_DIAG_URL) && (protocol != PROTO_SSH)) {
+		printf("Diag: url=%s\n", url ? url : "NULL");
+		printf("Diag: protocol=%s\n", prot_name(protocol));
+		printf("Diag: hostandport=%s\n", hostandport ? hostandport : "NULL");
+		printf("Diag: path=%s\n", path ? path : "NULL");
+		conn = NULL;
+	} else if (protocol == PROTO_GIT) {
+		/*
+		 * Set up virtual host information based on where we will
+		 * connect, unless the user has overridden us in
+		 * the environment.
+		 */
+		char *target_host = getenv("GIT_OVERRIDE_VIRTUAL_HOST");
+		if (target_host)
+			target_host = xstrdup(target_host);
+		else
+			target_host = xstrdup(hostandport);
 
-	if (protocol == PROTO_GIT) {
 		/* These underlying connection commands die() if they
 		 * cannot connect.
 		 */
-		char *target_host = xstrdup(host);
-		if (git_use_proxy(host))
-			conn = git_proxy_connect(fd, host);
+		if (git_use_proxy(hostandport))
+			conn = git_proxy_connect(fd, hostandport);
 		else
-			git_tcp_connect(fd, host, flags);
+			git_tcp_connect(fd, hostandport, flags);
 		/*
 		 * Separate original protocol components prog and path
 		 * from extended host header with a NUL byte.
@@ -559,55 +711,74 @@ struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url_orig,
 			     prog, path, 0,
 			     target_host, 0);
 		free(target_host);
-		free(url);
-		if (free_path)
-			free(path);
-		return conn;
-	}
-
-	conn = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*conn));
-
-	strbuf_init(&cmd, MAX_CMD_LEN);
-	strbuf_addstr(&cmd, prog);
-	strbuf_addch(&cmd, ' ');
-	sq_quote_buf(&cmd, path);
-	if (cmd.len >= MAX_CMD_LEN)
-		die("command line too long");
-
-	conn->in = conn->out = -1;
-	conn->argv = arg = xcalloc(7, sizeof(*arg));
-	if (protocol == PROTO_SSH) {
-		const char *ssh = getenv("GIT_SSH");
-		int putty = ssh && strcasestr(ssh, "plink");
-		if (!ssh) ssh = "ssh";
-
-		*arg++ = ssh;
-		if (putty && !strcasestr(ssh, "tortoiseplink"))
-			*arg++ = "-batch";
-		if (port) {
-			/* P is for PuTTY, p is for OpenSSH */
-			*arg++ = putty ? "-P" : "-p";
-			*arg++ = port;
+	} else {
+		conn = xmalloc(sizeof(*conn));
+		child_process_init(conn);
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&cmd, prog);
+		strbuf_addch(&cmd, ' ');
+		sq_quote_buf(&cmd, path);
+
+		conn->in = conn->out = -1;
+		if (protocol == PROTO_SSH) {
+			const char *ssh;
+			int putty;
+			char *ssh_host = hostandport;
+			const char *port = NULL;
+			get_host_and_port(&ssh_host, &port);
+
+			if (!port)
+				port = get_port(ssh_host);
+
+			if (flags & CONNECT_DIAG_URL) {
+				printf("Diag: url=%s\n", url ? url : "NULL");
+				printf("Diag: protocol=%s\n", prot_name(protocol));
+				printf("Diag: userandhost=%s\n", ssh_host ? ssh_host : "NULL");
+				printf("Diag: port=%s\n", port ? port : "NONE");
+				printf("Diag: path=%s\n", path ? path : "NULL");
+
+				free(hostandport);
+				free(path);
+				free(conn);
+				return NULL;
+			} else {
+				ssh = getenv("GIT_SSH_COMMAND");
+				if (ssh) {
+					conn->use_shell = 1;
+					putty = 0;
+				} else {
+					ssh = getenv("GIT_SSH");
+					if (!ssh)
+						ssh = "ssh";
+					putty = !!strcasestr(ssh, "plink");
+				}
+
+				argv_array_push(&conn->args, ssh);
+				if (putty && !strcasestr(ssh, "tortoiseplink"))
+					argv_array_push(&conn->args, "-batch");
+				if (port) {
+					/* P is for PuTTY, p is for OpenSSH */
+					argv_array_push(&conn->args, putty ? "-P" : "-p");
+					argv_array_push(&conn->args, port);
+				}
+				argv_array_push(&conn->args, ssh_host);
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* remove repo-local variables from the environment */
+			conn->env = local_repo_env;
+			conn->use_shell = 1;
 		}
-		*arg++ = host;
-	}
-	else {
-		/* remove repo-local variables from the environment */
-		conn->env = local_repo_env;
-		conn->use_shell = 1;
-	}
-	*arg++ = cmd.buf;
-	*arg = NULL;
+		argv_array_push(&conn->args, cmd.buf);
 
-	if (start_command(conn))
-		die("unable to fork");
+		if (start_command(conn))
+			die("unable to fork");
 
-	fd[0] = conn->out; /* read from child's stdout */
-	fd[1] = conn->in;  /* write to child's stdin */
-	strbuf_release(&cmd);
-	free(url);
-	if (free_path)
-		free(path);
+		fd[0] = conn->out; /* read from child's stdout */
+		fd[1] = conn->in;  /* write to child's stdin */
+		strbuf_release(&cmd);
+	}
+	free(hostandport);
+	free(path);
 	return conn;
 }
 
@@ -623,7 +794,6 @@ int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn)
 		return 0;
 
 	code = finish_command(conn);
-	free(conn->argv);
 	free(conn);
 	return code;
 }
diff --git a/connect.h b/connect.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c41a6850f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/connect.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef CONNECT_H
+#define CONNECT_H
+
+#define CONNECT_VERBOSE       (1u << 0)
+#define CONNECT_DIAG_URL      (1u << 1)
+extern struct child_process *git_connect(int fd[2], const char *url, const char *prog, int flags);
+extern int finish_connect(struct child_process *conn);
+extern int git_connection_is_socket(struct child_process *conn);
+extern int server_supports(const char *feature);
+extern int parse_feature_request(const char *features, const char *feature);
+extern const char *server_feature_value(const char *feature, int *len_ret);
+extern int url_is_local_not_ssh(const char *url);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/connected.c b/connected.c
index d7624230d4..299c56090b 100644
--- a/connected.c
+++ b/connected.c
@@ -2,34 +2,64 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "connected.h"
+#include "transport.h"
 
+int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
+{
+	return check_everything_connected_with_transport(fn, quiet, cb_data, NULL);
+}
 /*
  * If we feed all the commits we want to verify to this command
  *
- *  $ git rev-list --verify-objects --stdin --not --all
+ *  $ git rev-list --objects --stdin --not --all
  *
  * and if it does not error out, that means everything reachable from
- * these commits locally exists and is connected to some of our
- * existing refs.
+ * these commits locally exists and is connected to our existing refs.
+ * Note that this does _not_ validate the individual objects.
  *
  * Returns 0 if everything is connected, non-zero otherwise.
  */
-int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
+static int check_everything_connected_real(sha1_iterate_fn fn,
+					   int quiet,
+					   void *cb_data,
+					   struct transport *transport,
+					   const char *shallow_file)
 {
-	struct child_process rev_list;
-	const char *argv[] = {"rev-list", "--verify-objects",
-			      "--stdin", "--not", "--all", NULL, NULL};
+	struct child_process rev_list = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *argv[9];
 	char commit[41];
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	int err = 0;
+	int err = 0, ac = 0;
+	struct packed_git *new_pack = NULL;
+	size_t base_len;
 
 	if (fn(cb_data, sha1))
 		return err;
 
+	if (transport && transport->smart_options &&
+	    transport->smart_options->self_contained_and_connected &&
+	    transport->pack_lockfile &&
+	    strip_suffix(transport->pack_lockfile, ".keep", &base_len)) {
+		struct strbuf idx_file = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_add(&idx_file, transport->pack_lockfile, base_len);
+		strbuf_addstr(&idx_file, ".idx");
+		new_pack = add_packed_git(idx_file.buf, idx_file.len, 1);
+		strbuf_release(&idx_file);
+	}
+
+	if (shallow_file) {
+		argv[ac++] = "--shallow-file";
+		argv[ac++] = shallow_file;
+	}
+	argv[ac++] = "rev-list";
+	argv[ac++] = "--objects";
+	argv[ac++] = "--stdin";
+	argv[ac++] = "--not";
+	argv[ac++] = "--all";
 	if (quiet)
-		argv[5] = "--quiet";
+		argv[ac++] = "--quiet";
+	argv[ac] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&rev_list, 0, sizeof(rev_list));
 	rev_list.argv = argv;
 	rev_list.git_cmd = 1;
 	rev_list.in = -1;
@@ -42,6 +72,17 @@ int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
 
 	commit[40] = '\n';
 	do {
+		/*
+		 * If index-pack already checked that:
+		 * - there are no dangling pointers in the new pack
+		 * - the pack is self contained
+		 * Then if the updated ref is in the new pack, then we
+		 * are sure the ref is good and not sending it to
+		 * rev-list for verification.
+		 */
+		if (new_pack && find_pack_entry_one(sha1, new_pack))
+			continue;
+
 		memcpy(commit, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(rev_list.in, commit, 41) < 0) {
 			if (errno != EPIPE && errno != EINVAL)
@@ -60,3 +101,19 @@ int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data)
 	sigchain_pop(SIGPIPE);
 	return finish_command(&rev_list) || err;
 }
+
+int check_everything_connected_with_transport(sha1_iterate_fn fn,
+					      int quiet,
+					      void *cb_data,
+					      struct transport *transport)
+{
+	return check_everything_connected_real(fn, quiet, cb_data,
+					       transport, NULL);
+}
+
+int check_shallow_connected(sha1_iterate_fn fn, int quiet, void *cb_data,
+			    const char *shallow_file)
+{
+	return check_everything_connected_real(fn, quiet, cb_data,
+					       NULL, shallow_file);
+}
diff --git a/connected.h b/connected.h
index 7e4585a6cb..071d408f38 100644
--- a/connected.h
+++ b/connected.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef CONNECTED_H
 #define CONNECTED_H
 
+struct transport;
+
 /*
  * Take callback data, and return next object name in the buffer.
  * When called after returning the name for the last object, return -1
@@ -16,5 +18,10 @@ typedef int (*sha1_iterate_fn)(void *, unsigned char [20]);
  * Return 0 if Ok, non zero otherwise (i.e. some missing objects)
  */
 extern int check_everything_connected(sha1_iterate_fn, int quiet, void *cb_data);
+extern int check_shallow_connected(sha1_iterate_fn, int quiet, void *cb_data,
+				   const char *shallow_file);
+extern int check_everything_connected_with_transport(sha1_iterate_fn, int quiet,
+						     void *cb_data,
+						     struct transport *transport);
 
 #endif /* CONNECTED_H */
diff --git a/contrib/blameview/README b/contrib/blameview/README
deleted file mode 100644
index fada5ce909..0000000000
--- a/contrib/blameview/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-This is a sample program to use 'git-blame --incremental', based
-on this message.
-
-From: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
-Subject: Re: More precise tag following
-To: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-Cc: git@vger.kernel.org
-Date: Sat, 27 Jan 2007 18:52:38 -0500
-Message-ID: <20070127235238.GA28706@coredump.intra.peff.net>
diff --git a/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl b/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl
deleted file mode 100755
index 1dec00137b..0000000000
--- a/contrib/blameview/blameview.perl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-
-use Gtk2 -init;
-use Gtk2::SimpleList;
-
-my $hash;
-my $fn;
-if ( @ARGV == 1 ) {
-	$hash = "HEAD";
-	$fn = shift;
-} elsif ( @ARGV == 2 ) {
-	$hash = shift;
-	$fn = shift;
-} else {
-	die "Usage blameview [<rev>] <filename>";
-}
-
-Gtk2::Rc->parse_string(<<'EOS');
-style "treeview_style"
-{
-  GtkTreeView::vertical-separator = 0
-}
-class "GtkTreeView" style "treeview_style"
-EOS
-
-my $window = Gtk2::Window->new('toplevel');
-$window->signal_connect(destroy => sub { Gtk2->main_quit });
-my $vpan = Gtk2::VPaned->new();
-$window->add($vpan);
-my $scrolled_window = Gtk2::ScrolledWindow->new;
-$vpan->pack1($scrolled_window, 1, 1);
-my $fileview = Gtk2::SimpleList->new(
-    'Commit' => 'text',
-    'FileLine' => 'text',
-    'Data' => 'text'
-);
-$scrolled_window->add($fileview);
-$fileview->get_column(0)->set_spacing(0);
-$fileview->set_size_request(1024, 768);
-$fileview->set_rules_hint(1);
-$fileview->signal_connect (row_activated => sub {
-		my ($sl, $path, $column) = @_;
-		my $row_ref = $sl->get_row_data_from_path ($path);
-		system("blameview @$row_ref[0]~1 $fn &");
-		});
-
-my $commitwindow = Gtk2::ScrolledWindow->new();
-$commitwindow->set_policy ('GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC','GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC');
-$vpan->pack2($commitwindow, 1, 1);
-my $commit_text = Gtk2::TextView->new();
-my $commit_buffer = Gtk2::TextBuffer->new();
-$commit_text->set_buffer($commit_buffer);
-$commitwindow->add($commit_text);
-
-$fileview->signal_connect (cursor_changed => sub {
-		my ($sl) = @_;
-		my ($path, $focus_column) = $sl->get_cursor();
-		my $row_ref = $sl->get_row_data_from_path ($path);
-		my $c_fh;
-		open($c_fh,  '-|', "git cat-file commit @$row_ref[0]")
-					or die "unable to find commit @$row_ref[0]";
-		my @buffer = <$c_fh>;
-		$commit_buffer->set_text("@buffer");
-		close($c_fh);
-		});
-
-my $fh;
-open($fh, '-|', "git cat-file blob $hash:$fn")
-  or die "unable to open $fn: $!";
-
-while(<$fh>) {
-  chomp;
-  $fileview->{data}->[$.] = ['HEAD', "$fn:$.", $_];
-}
-
-my $blame;
-open($blame, '-|', qw(git blame --incremental --), $fn, $hash)
-    or die "cannot start git-blame $fn";
-
-Glib::IO->add_watch(fileno($blame), 'in', \&read_blame_line);
-
-$window->show_all;
-Gtk2->main;
-exit 0;
-
-my %commitinfo = ();
-
-sub flush_blame_line {
-	my ($attr) = @_;
-
-	return unless defined $attr;
-
-	my ($commit, $s_lno, $lno, $cnt) =
-	    @{$attr}{qw(COMMIT S_LNO LNO CNT)};
-
-	my ($filename, $author, $author_time, $author_tz) =
-	    @{$commitinfo{$commit}}{qw(FILENAME AUTHOR AUTHOR-TIME AUTHOR-TZ)};
-	my $info = $author . ' ' . format_time($author_time, $author_tz);
-
-	for(my $i = 0; $i < $cnt; $i++) {
-		@{$fileview->{data}->[$lno+$i-1]}[0,1,2] =
-		(substr($commit, 0, 8), $filename . ':' . ($s_lno+$i));
-	}
-}
-
-my $buf;
-my $current;
-sub read_blame_line {
-
-	my $r = sysread($blame, $buf, 1024, length($buf));
-	die "I/O error" unless defined $r;
-
-	if ($r == 0) {
-		flush_blame_line($current);
-		$current = undef;
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	while ($buf =~ s/([^\n]*)\n//) {
-		my $line = $1;
-
-		if (($commit, $s_lno, $lno, $cnt) =
-		    ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+)$/)) {
-			flush_blame_line($current);
-			$current = +{
-				COMMIT => $1,
-				S_LNO => $2,
-				LNO => $3,
-				CNT => $4,
-			};
-			next;
-		}
-
-		# extended attribute values
-		if ($line =~ /^(author|author-mail|author-time|author-tz|committer|committer-mail|committer-time|committer-tz|summary|filename) (.*)$/) {
-			my $commit = $current->{COMMIT};
-			$commitinfo{$commit}{uc($1)} = $2;
-			next;
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-sub format_time {
-  my $time = shift;
-  my $tz = shift;
-
-  my $minutes = $tz < 0 ? 0-$tz : $tz;
-  $minutes = ($minutes / 100)*60 + ($minutes % 100);
-  $minutes = $tz < 0 ? 0-$minutes : $minutes;
-  $time += $minutes * 60;
-  my @t = gmtime($time);
-  return sprintf('%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %s',
-		 $t[5] + 1900, @t[4,3,2,1,0], $tz);
-}
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl b/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl
index 23da787dc5..23da787dc5 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/engine.pl
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/generate b/contrib/buildsystems/generate
index bc10f25ff2..bc10f25ff2 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/generate
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/generate
diff --git a/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl b/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl
index c9656ece99..c9656ece99 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl
+++ b/contrib/buildsystems/parse.pl
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/README b/contrib/ciabot/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b916acece..0000000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-These are hook scripts for the CIA notification service at <http://cia.vc/>
-
-They are maintained by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>.  There is an
-upstream resource page for them at <http://www.catb.org/esr/ciabot/>,
-but they are unlikely to change rapidly.
-
-You probably want the Python version; it's faster, more capable, and
-better documented.  The shell version is maintained only as a fallback
-for use on hosting sites that don't permit Python hook scripts.
-
-You will find installation instructions for each script in its comment
-header.
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 9775dffb5d..0000000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-# Distributed under BSD terms.
-#
-# This script contains porcelain and porcelain byproducts.
-# It's Python because the Python standard libraries avoid portability/security
-# issues raised by callouts in the ancestral Perl and sh scripts.  It should
-# be compatible back to Python 2.1.5
-#
-# usage: ciabot.py [-V] [-n] [-p projectname]  [refname [commits...]]
-#
-# This script is meant to be run either in a post-commit hook or in an
-# update hook.  If there's nothing unusual about your hosting setup,
-# you can specify the project name with a -p option and avoid having
-# to modify this script.  Try it with -n to see the notification mail
-# dumped to stdout and verify that it looks sane. With -V it dumps its
-# version and exits.
-#
-# In post-commit, run it without arguments (other than possibly a -p
-# option). It will query for current HEAD and the latest commit ID to
-# get the information it needs.
-#
-# In update, call it with a refname followed by a list of commits:
-# You want to reverse the order git rev-list emits becxause it lists
-# from most recent to oldest.
-#
-# /path/to/ciabot.py ${refname} $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac)
-#
-# Note: this script uses mail, not XML-RPC, in order to avoid stalling
-# until timeout when the CIA XML-RPC server is down.
-#
-
-#
-# The project as known to CIA. You will either want to change this
-# or invoke the script with a -p option to set it.
-#
-project=None
-
-#
-# You may not need to change these:
-#
-import os, sys, commands, socket, urllib
-
-# Name of the repository.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-repo = os.path.basename(os.getcwd())
-
-# Fully-qualified domain name of this host.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-host = socket.getfqdn()
-
-# Changeset URL prefix for your repo: when the commit ID is appended
-# to this, it should point at a CGI that will display the commit
-# through gitweb or something similar. The defaults will probably
-# work if you have a typical gitweb/cgit setup.
-#
-#urlprefix="http://%(host)s/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=%(repo)s;a=commit;h="
-urlprefix="http://%(host)s/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/%(repo)s/commit/?id="
-
-# The service used to turn your gitwebbish URL into a tinyurl so it
-# will take up less space on the IRC notification line.
-tinyifier = "http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?url="
-
-# The template used to generate the XML messages to CIA.  You can make
-# visible changes to the IRC-bot notification lines by hacking this.
-# The default will produce a notfication line that looks like this:
-#
-# ${project}: ${author} ${repo}:${branch} * ${rev} ${files}: ${logmsg} ${url}
-#
-# By omitting $files you can collapse the files part to a single slash.
-xml = '''\
-<message>
-  <generator>
-    <name>CIA Python client for Git</name>
-    <version>%(gitver)s</version>
-    <url>%(generator)s</url>
-  </generator>
-  <source>
-    <project>%(project)s</project>
-    <branch>%(repo)s:%(branch)s</branch>
-  </source>
-  <timestamp>%(ts)s</timestamp>
-  <body>
-    <commit>
-      <author>%(author)s</author>
-      <revision>%(rev)s</revision>
-      <files>
-        %(files)s
-      </files>
-      <log>%(logmsg)s %(url)s</log>
-      <url>%(url)s</url>
-    </commit>
-  </body>
-</message>
-'''
-
-#
-# No user-serviceable parts below this line:
-#
-
-# Addresses for the e-mail. The from address is a dummy, since CIA
-# will never reply to this mail.
-fromaddr = "CIABOT-NOREPLY@" + host
-toaddr = "cia@cia.navi.cx"
-
-# Identify the generator script.
-# Should only change when the script itself gets a new home and maintainer.
-generator="http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot.py"
-
-def do(command):
-    return commands.getstatusoutput(command)[1]
-
-def report(refname, merged):
-    "Generate a commit notification to be reported to CIA"
-
-    # Try to tinyfy a reference to a web view for this commit.
-    try:
-        url = open(urllib.urlretrieve(tinyifier + urlprefix + merged)[0]).read()
-    except:
-        url = urlprefix + merged
-
-    branch = os.path.basename(refname)
-
-    # Compute a shortnane for the revision
-    rev = do("git describe '"+ merged +"' 2>/dev/null") or merged[:12]
-
-    # Extract the neta-information for the commit
-    rawcommit = do("git cat-file commit " + merged)
-    files=do("git diff-tree -r --name-only '"+ merged +"' | sed -e '1d' -e 's-.*-<file>&</file>-'")
-    inheader = True
-    headers = {}
-    logmsg = ""
-    for line in rawcommit.split("\n"):
-        if inheader:
-            if line:
-                fields = line.split()
-                headers[fields[0]] = " ".join(fields[1:])
-            else:
-                inheader = False
-        else:
-            logmsg = line
-            break
-    (author, ts) = headers["author"].split(">")
-
-    # This discards the part of the authors addrsss after @.
-    # Might be bnicece to ship the full email address, if not
-    # for spammers' address harvesters - getting this wrong
-    # would make the freenode #commits channel into harvester heaven.
-    author = author.replace("<", "").split("@")[0].split()[-1]
-
-    # This ignores the timezone.  Not clear what to do with it...
-    ts = ts.strip().split()[0]
-
-    context = locals()
-    context.update(globals())
-
-    out = xml % context
-
-    message = '''\
-Message-ID: <%(merged)s.%(author)s@%(project)s>
-From: %(fromaddr)s
-To: %(toaddr)s
-Content-type: text/xml
-Subject: DeliverXML
-
-%(out)s''' % locals()
-
-    return message
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    import getopt
-
-    try:
-        (options, arguments) = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "np:V")
-    except getopt.GetoptError, msg:
-        print "ciabot.py: " + str(msg)
-        raise SystemExit, 1
-
-    mailit = True
-    for (switch, val) in options:
-        if switch == '-p':
-            project = val
-        elif switch == '-n':
-            mailit = False
-        elif switch == '-V':
-            print "ciabot.py: version 3.2"
-            sys.exit(0)
-
-    # Cough and die if user has not specified a project
-    if not project:
-        sys.stderr.write("ciabot.py: no project specified, bailing out.\n")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    # We'll need the git version number.
-    gitver = do("git --version").split()[0]
-
-    urlprefix = urlprefix % globals()
-
-    # The script wants a reference to head followed by the list of
-    # commit ID to report about.
-    if len(arguments) == 0:
-        refname = do("git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null")
-        merges = [do("git rev-parse HEAD")]
-    else:
-        refname = arguments[0]
-        merges = arguments[1:]
-
-    if mailit:
-        import smtplib
-        server = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
-
-    for merged in merges:
-        message = report(refname, merged)
-        if mailit:
-            server.sendmail(fromaddr, [toaddr], message)
-        else:
-            print message
-
-    if mailit:
-        server.quit()
-
-#End
diff --git a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh b/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index eb87bba38e..0000000000
--- a/contrib/ciabot/ciabot.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
-# Copyright (c) 2006 Fernando J. Pereda <ferdy@gentoo.org>
-# Copyright (c) 2008 Natanael Copa <natanael.copa@gmail.com>
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
-#
-# This is a version 3.x of ciabot.sh; use -V to find the exact
-# version.  Versions 1 and 2 were shipped in 2006 and 2008 and are not
-# version-stamped.  The version 2 maintainer has passed the baton.
-#
-# Note: This script should be considered obsolete.
-# There is a faster, better-documented rewrite in Python: find it as ciabot.py
-# Use this only if your hosting site forbids Python hooks.
-#
-# Originally based on Git ciabot.pl by Petr Baudis.
-# This script contains porcelain and porcelain byproducts.
-#
-# usage: ciabot.sh [-V] [-n] [-p projectname] [refname commit]
-#
-# This script is meant to be run either in a post-commit hook or in an
-# update hook.  If there's nothing unusual about your hosting setup,
-# you can specify the project name with a -p option and avoid having
-# to modify this script.  Try it with -n first to see the notification
-# mail dumped to stdout and verify that it looks sane.  Use -V to dump
-# the version and exit.
-#
-# In post-commit, run it without arguments (other than possibly a -p
-# option). It will query for current HEAD and the latest commit ID to
-# get the information it needs.
-#
-# In update, you have to call it once per merged commit:
-#
-#       refname=$1
-#       oldhead=$2
-#       newhead=$3
-#       for merged in $(git rev-list ${oldhead}..${newhead} | tac) ; do
-#               /path/to/ciabot.bash ${refname} ${merged}
-#       done
-#
-# The reason for the tac call ids that git rev-list emits commits from
-# most recent to least - better to ship notifactions from oldest to newest.
-#
-# Note: this script uses mail, not XML-RPC, in order to avoid stalling
-# until timeout when the CIA XML-RPC server is down.
-#
-
-#
-# The project as known to CIA. You will either want to change this
-# or set the project name with a -p option.
-#
-project=
-
-#
-# You may not need to change these:
-#
-
-# Name of the repository.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-repo="`basename ${PWD}`"
-
-# Fully qualified domain name of the repo host.
-# You can hardwire this to make the script faster.
-host=`hostname --fqdn`
-
-# Changeset URL prefix for your repo: when the commit ID is appended
-# to this, it should point at a CGI that will display the commit
-# through gitweb or something similar. The defaults will probably
-# work if you have a typical gitweb/cgit setup.
-#urlprefix="http://${host}/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=${repo};a=commit;h="
-urlprefix="http://${host}/cgi-bin/cgit.cgi/${repo}/commit/?id="
-
-#
-# You probably will not need to change the following:
-#
-
-# Identify the script. Should change only when the script itself
-# gets a new home and maintainer.
-generator="http://www.catb.org/~esr/ciabot/ciabot.sh"
-
-# Addresses for the e-mail
-from="CIABOT-NOREPLY@${host}"
-to="cia@cia.navi.cx"
-
-# SMTP client to use - may need to edit the absolute pathname for your system
-sendmail="sendmail -t -f ${from}"
-
-#
-# No user-serviceable parts below this line:
-#
-
-# Should include all places sendmail is likely to lurk.
-PATH="$PATH:/usr/sbin/"
-
-mode=mailit
-while getopts pnV opt
-do
-    case $opt in
-	p) project=$2; shift ; shift ;;
-	n) mode=dumpit; shift ;;
-	V) echo "ciabot.sh: version 3.2"; exit 0; shift ;;
-    esac
-done
-
-# Cough and die if user has not specified a project
-if [ -z "$project" ]
-then
-    echo "ciabot.sh: no project specified, bailing out." >&2
-    exit 1
-fi
-
-if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then
-	refname=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)
-	merged=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
-else
-	refname=$1
-	merged=$2
-fi
-
-# This tries to turn your gitwebbish URL into a tinyurl so it will take up
-# less space on the IRC notification line. Some repo sites (I'm looking at
-# you, berlios.de!) forbid wget calls for security reasons.  On these,
-# the code will fall back to the full un-tinyfied URL.
-longurl=${urlprefix}${merged}
-url=$(wget -O - -q http://tinyurl.com/api-create.php?url=${longurl} 2>/dev/null)
-if [ -z "$url" ]; then
-	url="${longurl}"
-fi
-
-refname=${refname##refs/heads/}
-
-gitver=$(git --version)
-gitver=${gitver##* }
-
-rev=$(git describe ${merged} 2>/dev/null)
-# ${merged:0:12} was the only bashism left in the 2008 version of this
-# script, according to checkbashisms.  Replace it with ${merged} here
-# because it was just a fallback anyway, and it's worth accepting a
-# longer fallback for faster execution and removing the bash
-# dependency.
-[ -z ${rev} ] && rev=${merged}
-
-# This discards the part of the author's address after @.
-# Might be nice to ship the full email address, if not
-# for spammers' address harvesters - getting this wrong
-# would make the freenode #commits channel into harvester heaven.
-rawcommit=$(git cat-file commit ${merged})
-author=$(echo "$rawcommit" | sed -n -e '/^author .*<\([^@]*\).*$/s--\1-p')
-logmessage=$(echo "$rawcommit" | sed -e '1,/^$/d' | head -n 1)
-logmessage=$(echo "$logmessage" | sed 's/\&/&amp\;/g; s/</&lt\;/g; s/>/&gt\;/g')
-ts=$(echo "$rawcommit" | sed -n -e '/^author .*> \([0-9]\+\).*$/s--\1-p')
-files=$(git diff-tree -r --name-only ${merged} | sed -e '1d' -e 's-.*-<file>&</file>-')
-
-out="
-<message>
-  <generator>
-    <name>CIA Shell client for Git</name>
-    <version>${gitver}</version>
-    <url>${generator}</url>
-  </generator>
-  <source>
-    <project>${project}</project>
-    <branch>$repo:${refname}</branch>
-  </source>
-  <timestamp>${ts}</timestamp>
-  <body>
-    <commit>
-      <author>${author}</author>
-      <revision>${rev}</revision>
-      <files>
-	${files}
-      </files>
-      <log>${logmessage} ${url}</log>
-      <url>${url}</url>
-    </commit>
-  </body>
-</message>"
-
-if [ "$mode" = "dumpit" ]
-then
-    sendmail=cat
-fi
-
-${sendmail} << EOM
-Message-ID: <${merged}.${author}@${project}>
-From: ${from}
-To: ${to}
-Content-type: text/xml
-Subject: DeliverXML
-${out}
-EOM
-
-# vim: set tw=70 :
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
index 33f0e4dd69..fbe597232c 100755..100644
--- a/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-#!bash
-#
 # bash/zsh completion support for core Git.
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
@@ -13,57 +11,22 @@
 #    *) .git/remotes file names
 #    *) git 'subcommands'
 #    *) tree paths within 'ref:path/to/file' expressions
+#    *) file paths within current working directory and index
 #    *) common --long-options
 #
 # To use these routines:
 #
-#    1) Copy this file to somewhere (e.g. ~/.git-completion.sh).
+#    1) Copy this file to somewhere (e.g. ~/.git-completion.bash).
 #    2) Add the following line to your .bashrc/.zshrc:
-#        source ~/.git-completion.sh
-#
-#    3) Consider changing your PS1 to also show the current branch:
-#         Bash: PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
-#         ZSH:  PS1='[%n@%m %c$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
-#
-#       The argument to __git_ps1 will be displayed only if you
-#       are currently in a git repository.  The %s token will be
-#       the name of the current branch.
-#
-#       In addition, if you set GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE to a nonempty
-#       value, unstaged (*) and staged (+) changes will be shown next
-#       to the branch name.  You can configure this per-repository
-#       with the bash.showDirtyState variable, which defaults to true
-#       once GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE is enabled.
-#
-#       You can also see if currently something is stashed, by setting
-#       GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE to a nonempty value. If something is stashed,
-#       then a '$' will be shown next to the branch name.
-#
-#       If you would like to see if there're untracked files, then you can
-#       set GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES to a nonempty value. If there're
-#       untracked files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.
-#
-#       If you would like to see the difference between HEAD and its
-#       upstream, set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="auto".  A "<" indicates
-#       you are behind, ">" indicates you are ahead, and "<>"
-#       indicates you have diverged.  You can further control
-#       behaviour by setting GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM to a space-separated
-#       list of values:
-#           verbose       show number of commits ahead/behind (+/-) upstream
-#           legacy        don't use the '--count' option available in recent
-#                         versions of git-rev-list
-#           git           always compare HEAD to @{upstream}
-#           svn           always compare HEAD to your SVN upstream
-#       By default, __git_ps1 will compare HEAD to your SVN upstream
-#       if it can find one, or @{upstream} otherwise.  Once you have
-#       set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM, you can override it on a
-#       per-repository basis by setting the bash.showUpstream config
-#       variable.
+#        source ~/.git-completion.bash
+#    3) Consider changing your PS1 to also show the current branch,
+#       see git-prompt.sh for details.
 #
-
-if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-	autoload -U +X bashcompinit && bashcompinit
-fi
+# If you use complex aliases of form '!f() { ... }; f', you can use the null
+# command ':' as the first command in the function body to declare the desired
+# completion style.  For example '!f() { : git commit ; ... }; f' will
+# tell the completion to use commit completion.  This also works with aliases
+# of form "!sh -c '...'".  For example, "!sh -c ': git commit ; ... '".
 
 case "$COMP_WORDBREAKS" in
 *:*) : great ;;
@@ -77,6 +40,9 @@ __gitdir ()
 	if [ -z "${1-}" ]; then
 		if [ -n "${__git_dir-}" ]; then
 			echo "$__git_dir"
+		elif [ -n "${GIT_DIR-}" ]; then
+			test -d "${GIT_DIR-}" || return 1
+			echo "$GIT_DIR"
 		elif [ -d .git ]; then
 			echo .git
 		else
@@ -89,233 +55,6 @@ __gitdir ()
 	fi
 }
 
-# stores the divergence from upstream in $p
-# used by GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM
-__git_ps1_show_upstream ()
-{
-	local key value
-	local svn_remote=() svn_url_pattern count n
-	local upstream=git legacy="" verbose=""
-
-	# get some config options from git-config
-	local output="$(git config -z --get-regexp '^(svn-remote\..*\.url|bash\.showupstream)$' 2>/dev/null | tr '\0\n' '\n ')"
-	while read -r key value; do
-		case "$key" in
-		bash.showupstream)
-			GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="$value"
-			if [[ -z "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}" ]]; then
-				p=""
-				return
-			fi
-			;;
-		svn-remote.*.url)
-			svn_remote[ $((${#svn_remote[@]} + 1)) ]="$value"
-			svn_url_pattern+="\\|$value"
-			upstream=svn+git # default upstream is SVN if available, else git
-			;;
-		esac
-	done <<< "$output"
-
-	# parse configuration values
-	for option in ${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}; do
-		case "$option" in
-		git|svn) upstream="$option" ;;
-		verbose) verbose=1 ;;
-		legacy)  legacy=1  ;;
-		esac
-	done
-
-	# Find our upstream
-	case "$upstream" in
-	git)    upstream="@{upstream}" ;;
-	svn*)
-		# get the upstream from the "git-svn-id: ..." in a commit message
-		# (git-svn uses essentially the same procedure internally)
-		local svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
-					--grep="^git-svn-id: \(${svn_url_pattern#??}\)" 2>/dev/null))
-		if [[ 0 -ne ${#svn_upstream[@]} ]]; then
-			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[ ${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2 ]}
-			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream%@*}
-			local n_stop="${#svn_remote[@]}"
-			for ((n=1; n <= n_stop; n++)); do
-				svn_upstream=${svn_upstream#${svn_remote[$n]}}
-			done
-
-			if [[ -z "$svn_upstream" ]]; then
-				# default branch name for checkouts with no layout:
-				upstream=${GIT_SVN_ID:-git-svn}
-			else
-				upstream=${svn_upstream#/}
-			fi
-		elif [[ "svn+git" = "$upstream" ]]; then
-			upstream="@{upstream}"
-		fi
-		;;
-	esac
-
-	# Find how many commits we are ahead/behind our upstream
-	if [[ -z "$legacy" ]]; then
-		count="$(git rev-list --count --left-right \
-				"$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
-	else
-		# produce equivalent output to --count for older versions of git
-		local commits
-		if commits="$(git rev-list --left-right "$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
-		then
-			local commit behind=0 ahead=0
-			for commit in $commits
-			do
-				case "$commit" in
-				"<"*) ((behind++)) ;;
-				*)    ((ahead++))  ;;
-				esac
-			done
-			count="$behind	$ahead"
-		else
-			count=""
-		fi
-	fi
-
-	# calculate the result
-	if [[ -z "$verbose" ]]; then
-		case "$count" in
-		"") # no upstream
-			p="" ;;
-		"0	0") # equal to upstream
-			p="=" ;;
-		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
-			p=">" ;;
-		*"	0") # behind upstream
-			p="<" ;;
-		*)	    # diverged from upstream
-			p="<>" ;;
-		esac
-	else
-		case "$count" in
-		"") # no upstream
-			p="" ;;
-		"0	0") # equal to upstream
-			p=" u=" ;;
-		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
-			p=" u+${count#0	}" ;;
-		*"	0") # behind upstream
-			p=" u-${count%	0}" ;;
-		*)	    # diverged from upstream
-			p=" u+${count#*	}-${count%	*}" ;;
-		esac
-	fi
-
-}
-
-
-# __git_ps1 accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., format string)
-# returns text to add to bash PS1 prompt (includes branch name)
-__git_ps1 ()
-{
-	local g="$(__gitdir)"
-	if [ -n "$g" ]; then
-		local r=""
-		local b=""
-		if [ -f "$g/rebase-merge/interactive" ]; then
-			r="|REBASE-i"
-			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
-		elif [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
-			r="|REBASE-m"
-			b="$(cat "$g/rebase-merge/head-name")"
-		else
-			if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
-				if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
-					r="|REBASE"
-				elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
-					r="|AM"
-				else
-					r="|AM/REBASE"
-				fi
-			elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
-				r="|MERGING"
-			elif [ -f "$g/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ]; then
-				r="|CHERRY-PICKING"
-			elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
-				r="|BISECTING"
-			fi
-
-			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)" || {
-
-				b="$(
-				case "${GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE-}" in
-				(contains)
-					git describe --contains HEAD ;;
-				(branch)
-					git describe --contains --all HEAD ;;
-				(describe)
-					git describe HEAD ;;
-				(* | default)
-					git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD ;;
-				esac 2>/dev/null)" ||
-
-				b="$(cut -c1-7 "$g/HEAD" 2>/dev/null)..." ||
-				b="unknown"
-				b="($b)"
-			}
-		fi
-
-		local w=""
-		local i=""
-		local s=""
-		local u=""
-		local c=""
-		local p=""
-
-		if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-			if [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-bare-repository 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-				c="BARE:"
-			else
-				b="GIT_DIR!"
-			fi
-		elif [ "true" = "$(git rev-parse --is-inside-work-tree 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ]; then
-				if [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]; then
-					git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet --exit-code || w="*"
-					if git rev-parse --quiet --verify HEAD >/dev/null; then
-						git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- || i="+"
-					else
-						i="#"
-					fi
-				fi
-			fi
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ]; then
-				git rev-parse --verify refs/stash >/dev/null 2>&1 && s="$"
-			fi
-
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ]; then
-				if [ -n "$(git ls-files --others --exclude-standard)" ]; then
-					u="%"
-				fi
-			fi
-
-			if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM-}" ]; then
-				__git_ps1_show_upstream
-			fi
-		fi
-
-		local f="$w$i$s$u"
-		printf -- "${1:- (%s)}" "$c${b##refs/heads/}${f:+ $f}$r$p"
-	fi
-}
-
-# __gitcomp_1 requires 2 arguments
-__gitcomp_1 ()
-{
-	local c IFS=' '$'\t'$'\n'
-	for c in $1; do
-		case "$c$2" in
-		--*=*) printf %s$'\n' "$c$2" ;;
-		*.)    printf %s$'\n' "$c$2" ;;
-		*)     printf %s$'\n' "$c$2 " ;;
-		esac
-	done
-}
-
 # The following function is based on code from:
 #
 #   bash_completion - programmable completion functions for bash 3.2+
@@ -416,7 +155,6 @@ __git_reassemble_comp_words_by_ref()
 }
 
 if ! type _get_comp_words_by_ref >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-if [[ -z ${ZSH_VERSION:+set} ]]; then
 _get_comp_words_by_ref ()
 {
 	local exclude cur_ words_ cword_
@@ -444,36 +182,26 @@ _get_comp_words_by_ref ()
 		shift
 	done
 }
-else
-_get_comp_words_by_ref ()
+fi
+
+__gitcompappend ()
 {
-	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
-		case "$1" in
-		cur)
-			cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]}
-			;;
-		prev)
-			prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
-			;;
-		words)
-			words=("${COMP_WORDS[@]}")
-			;;
-		cword)
-			cword=$COMP_CWORD
-			;;
-		-n)
-			# assume COMP_WORDBREAKS is already set sanely
-			shift
-			;;
-		esac
-		shift
+	local i=${#COMPREPLY[@]}
+	for x in $1; do
+		if [[ "$x" == "$3"* ]]; then
+			COMPREPLY[i++]="$2$x$4"
+		fi
 	done
 }
-fi
-fi
 
-# Generates completion reply with compgen, appending a space to possible
-# completion words, if necessary.
+__gitcompadd ()
+{
+	COMPREPLY=()
+	__gitcompappend "$@"
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply, appending a space to possible completion words,
+# if necessary.
 # It accepts 1 to 4 arguments:
 # 1: List of possible completion words.
 # 2: A prefix to be added to each possible completion word (optional).
@@ -485,19 +213,33 @@ __gitcomp ()
 
 	case "$cur_" in
 	--*=)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	*)
-		local IFS=$'\n'
-		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" \
-			-W "$(__gitcomp_1 "${1-}" "${4-}")" \
-			-- "$cur_"))
+		local c i=0 IFS=$' \t\n'
+		for c in $1; do
+			c="$c${4-}"
+			if [[ $c == "$cur_"* ]]; then
+				case $c in
+				--*=*|*.) ;;
+				*) c="$c " ;;
+				esac
+				COMPREPLY[i++]="${2-}$c"
+			fi
+		done
 		;;
 	esac
 }
 
-# Generates completion reply with compgen from newline-separated possible
-# completion words by appending a space to all of them.
+# Variation of __gitcomp_nl () that appends to the existing list of
+# completion candidates, COMPREPLY.
+__gitcomp_nl_append ()
+{
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	__gitcompappend "$1" "${2-}" "${3-$cur}" "${4- }"
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply from newline-separated possible completion words
+# by appending a space to all of them.
 # It accepts 1 to 4 arguments:
 # 1: List of possible completion words, separated by a single newline.
 # 2: A prefix to be added to each possible completion word (optional).
@@ -507,8 +249,66 @@ __gitcomp ()
 #    appended.
 __gitcomp_nl ()
 {
+	COMPREPLY=()
+	__gitcomp_nl_append "$@"
+}
+
+# Generates completion reply with compgen from newline-separated possible
+# completion filenames.
+# It accepts 1 to 3 arguments:
+# 1: List of possible completion filenames, separated by a single newline.
+# 2: A directory prefix to be added to each possible completion filename
+#    (optional).
+# 3: Generate possible completion matches for this word (optional).
+__gitcomp_file ()
+{
 	local IFS=$'\n'
-	COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "${2-}" -S "${4- }" -W "$1" -- "${3-$cur}"))
+
+	# XXX does not work when the directory prefix contains a tilde,
+	# since tilde expansion is not applied.
+	# This means that COMPREPLY will be empty and Bash default
+	# completion will be used.
+	__gitcompadd "$1" "${2-}" "${3-$cur}" ""
+
+	# use a hack to enable file mode in bash < 4
+	compopt -o filenames +o nospace 2>/dev/null ||
+	compgen -f /non-existing-dir/ > /dev/null
+}
+
+# Execute 'git ls-files', unless the --committable option is specified, in
+# which case it runs 'git diff-index' to find out the files that can be
+# committed.  It return paths relative to the directory specified in the first
+# argument, and using the options specified in the second argument.
+__git_ls_files_helper ()
+{
+	if [ "$2" == "--committable" ]; then
+		git -C "$1" diff-index --name-only --relative HEAD
+	else
+		# NOTE: $2 is not quoted in order to support multiple options
+		git -C "$1" ls-files --exclude-standard $2
+	fi 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+
+# __git_index_files accepts 1 or 2 arguments:
+# 1: Options to pass to ls-files (required).
+# 2: A directory path (optional).
+#    If provided, only files within the specified directory are listed.
+#    Sub directories are never recursed.  Path must have a trailing
+#    slash.
+__git_index_files ()
+{
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)" root="${2-.}" file
+
+	if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
+		__git_ls_files_helper "$root" "$1" |
+		while read -r file; do
+			case "$file" in
+			?*/*) echo "${file%%/*}" ;;
+			*) echo "$file" ;;
+			esac
+		done | sort | uniq
+	fi
 }
 
 __git_heads ()
@@ -568,7 +368,7 @@ __git_refs ()
 				if [[ "$ref" == "$cur"* ]]; then
 					echo "$ref"
 				fi
-			done | uniq -u
+			done | sort | uniq -u
 		fi
 		return
 	fi
@@ -583,14 +383,9 @@ __git_refs ()
 		done
 		;;
 	*)
-		git ls-remote "$dir" HEAD ORIG_HEAD 'refs/tags/*' 'refs/heads/*' 'refs/remotes/*' 2>/dev/null | \
-		while read -r hash i; do
-			case "$i" in
-			*^{}) ;;
-			refs/*) echo "${i#refs/*/}" ;;
-			*) echo "$i" ;;
-			esac
-		done
+		echo "HEAD"
+		git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:short)" -- \
+			"refs/remotes/$dir/" 2>/dev/null | sed -e "s#^$dir/##"
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -616,12 +411,9 @@ __git_refs_remotes ()
 
 __git_remotes ()
 {
-	local i IFS=$'\n' d="$(__gitdir)"
+	local d="$(__gitdir)"
 	test -d "$d/remotes" && ls -1 "$d/remotes"
-	for i in $(git --git-dir="$d" config --get-regexp 'remote\..*\.url' 2>/dev/null); do
-		i="${i#remote.}"
-		echo "${i/.url*/}"
-	done
+	git --git-dir="$d" remote
 }
 
 __git_list_merge_strategies ()
@@ -675,9 +467,7 @@ __git_complete_revlist_file ()
 		*)   pfx="$ref:$pfx" ;;
 		esac
 
-		local IFS=$'\n'
-		COMPREPLY=($(compgen -P "$pfx" \
-			-W "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" \
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" ls-tree "$ls" 2>/dev/null \
 				| sed '/^100... blob /{
 				           s,^.*	,,
 				           s,$, ,
@@ -691,7 +481,7 @@ __git_complete_revlist_file ()
 				           s,$,/,
 				       }
 				       s/^.*	//')" \
-			-- "$cur_"))
+			"$pfx" "$cur_" ""
 		;;
 	*...*)
 		pfx="${cur_%...*}..."
@@ -710,6 +500,25 @@ __git_complete_revlist_file ()
 }
 
 
+# __git_complete_index_file requires 1 argument:
+# 1: the options to pass to ls-file
+#
+# The exception is --committable, which finds the files appropriate commit.
+__git_complete_index_file ()
+{
+	local pfx="" cur_="$cur"
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	?*/*)
+		pfx="${cur_%/*}"
+		cur_="${cur_##*/}"
+		pfx="${pfx}/"
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	__gitcomp_file "$(__git_index_files "$1" ${pfx:+"$pfx"})" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+}
+
 __git_complete_file ()
 {
 	__git_complete_revlist_file
@@ -735,7 +544,6 @@ __git_complete_remote_or_refspec ()
 			case "$cmd" in
 			push) no_complete_refspec=1 ;;
 			fetch)
-				COMPREPLY=()
 				return
 				;;
 			*) ;;
@@ -751,7 +559,6 @@ __git_complete_remote_or_refspec ()
 		return
 	fi
 	if [ $no_complete_refspec = 1 ]; then
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		return
 	fi
 	[ "$remote" = "." ] && remote=
@@ -811,10 +618,19 @@ __git_complete_strategy ()
 	return 1
 }
 
+__git_commands () {
+	if test -n "${GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION:-}"
+	then
+		printf "%s" "${GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION}"
+	else
+		git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]'
+	fi
+}
+
 __git_list_all_commands ()
 {
 	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
-	for i in $(git help -a|egrep '^  [a-zA-Z0-9]')
+	for i in $(__git_commands)
 	do
 		case $i in
 		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
@@ -834,7 +650,7 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 {
 	local i IFS=" "$'\n'
 	__git_compute_all_commands
-	for i in "help" $__git_all_commands
+	for i in $__git_all_commands
 	do
 		case $i in
 		*--*)             : helper pattern;;
@@ -843,10 +659,14 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 		archimport)       : import;;
 		cat-file)         : plumbing;;
 		check-attr)       : plumbing;;
+		check-ignore)     : plumbing;;
+		check-mailmap)    : plumbing;;
 		check-ref-format) : plumbing;;
 		checkout-index)   : plumbing;;
 		commit-tree)      : plumbing;;
 		count-objects)    : infrequent;;
+		credential-cache) : credentials helper;;
+		credential-store) : credentials helper;;
 		cvsexportcommit)  : export;;
 		cvsimport)        : import;;
 		cvsserver)        : daemon;;
@@ -865,7 +685,6 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 		index-pack)       : plumbing;;
 		init-db)          : deprecated;;
 		local-fetch)      : plumbing;;
-		lost-found)       : infrequent;;
 		ls-files)         : plumbing;;
 		ls-remote)        : plumbing;;
 		ls-tree)          : plumbing;;
@@ -879,14 +698,12 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 		pack-refs)        : plumbing;;
 		parse-remote)     : plumbing;;
 		patch-id)         : plumbing;;
-		peek-remote)      : plumbing;;
 		prune)            : plumbing;;
 		prune-packed)     : plumbing;;
 		quiltimport)      : import;;
 		read-tree)        : plumbing;;
 		receive-pack)     : plumbing;;
 		remote-*)         : transport;;
-		repo-config)      : deprecated;;
 		rerere)           : plumbing;;
 		rev-list)         : plumbing;;
 		rev-parse)        : plumbing;;
@@ -899,7 +716,6 @@ __git_list_porcelain_commands ()
 		ssh-*)            : transport;;
 		stripspace)       : plumbing;;
 		symbolic-ref)     : plumbing;;
-		tar-tree)         : deprecated;;
 		unpack-file)      : plumbing;;
 		unpack-objects)   : plumbing;;
 		update-index)     : plumbing;;
@@ -965,6 +781,10 @@ __git_aliased_command ()
 		-*)	: option ;;
 		*=*)	: setting env ;;
 		git)	: git itself ;;
+		\(\))   : skip parens of shell function definition ;;
+		{)	: skip start of shell helper function ;;
+		:)	: skip null command ;;
+		\'*)	: skip opening quote after sh -c ;;
 		*)
 			echo "$word"
 			return
@@ -1000,6 +820,43 @@ __git_has_doubledash ()
 	return 1
 }
 
+# Try to count non option arguments passed on the command line for the
+# specified git command.
+# When options are used, it is necessary to use the special -- option to
+# tell the implementation were non option arguments begin.
+# XXX this can not be improved, since options can appear everywhere, as
+# an example:
+#	git mv x -n y
+#
+# __git_count_arguments requires 1 argument: the git command executed.
+__git_count_arguments ()
+{
+	local word i c=0
+
+	# Skip "git" (first argument)
+	for ((i=1; i < ${#words[@]}; i++)); do
+		word="${words[i]}"
+
+		case "$word" in
+			--)
+				# Good; we can assume that the following are only non
+				# option arguments.
+				((c = 0))
+				;;
+			"$1")
+				# Skip the specified git command and discard git
+				# main options
+				((c = 0))
+				;;
+			?*)
+				((c++))
+				;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	printf "%d" $c
+}
+
 __git_whitespacelist="nowarn warn error error-all fix"
 
 _git_am ()
@@ -1023,7 +880,6 @@ _git_am ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_apply ()
@@ -1043,13 +899,10 @@ _git_apply ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_add ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
@@ -1058,7 +911,9 @@ _git_add ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX should we check for --update and --all options ?
+	__git_complete_index_file "--others --modified --directory --no-empty-directory"
 }
 
 _git_archive ()
@@ -1103,7 +958,6 @@ _git_bisect ()
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		;;
 	*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -1122,11 +976,15 @@ _git_branch ()
 	done
 
 	case "$cur" in
+	--set-upstream-to=*)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur##--set-upstream-to=}"
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--color --no-color --verbose --abbrev= --no-abbrev
 			--track --no-track --contains --merged --no-merged
-			--set-upstream --edit-description --list
+			--set-upstream-to= --edit-description --list
+			--unset-upstream
 			"
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -1187,14 +1045,19 @@ _git_checkout ()
 
 _git_cherry ()
 {
-	__gitcomp "$(__git_refs)"
+	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 }
 
 _git_cherry_pick ()
 {
+	local dir="$(__gitdir)"
+	if [ -f "$dir"/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD ]; then
+		__gitcomp "--continue --quit --abort"
+		return
+	fi
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit"
+		__gitcomp "--edit --no-commit --signoff --strategy= --mainline"
 		;;
 	*)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
@@ -1204,15 +1067,15 @@ _git_cherry_pick ()
 
 _git_clean ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--dry-run --quiet"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX should we check for -x option ?
+	__git_complete_index_file "--others --directory"
 }
 
 _git_clone ()
@@ -1232,16 +1095,22 @@ _git_clone ()
 			--upload-pack
 			--template=
 			--depth
+			--single-branch
+			--branch
 			"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_commit ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
+	case "$prev" in
+	-c|-C)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur}"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
 
 	case "$cur" in
 	--cleanup=*)
@@ -1261,7 +1130,8 @@ _git_commit ()
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--all --author= --signoff --verify --no-verify
-			--edit --amend --include --only --interactive
+			--edit --no-edit
+			--amend --include --only --interactive
 			--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
 			--reset-author --file= --message= --template=
 			--cleanup= --untracked-files --untracked-files=
@@ -1269,7 +1139,13 @@ _git_commit ()
 			"
 		return
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	if git rev-parse --verify --quiet HEAD >/dev/null; then
+		__git_complete_index_file "--committable"
+	else
+		# This is the first commit
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
+	fi
 }
 
 _git_describe ()
@@ -1285,20 +1161,23 @@ _git_describe ()
 	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 }
 
+__git_diff_algorithms="myers minimal patience histogram"
+
 __git_diff_common_options="--stat --numstat --shortstat --summary
 			--patch-with-stat --name-only --name-status --color
 			--no-color --color-words --no-renames --check
 			--full-index --binary --abbrev --diff-filter=
 			--find-copies-harder
 			--text --ignore-space-at-eol --ignore-space-change
-			--ignore-all-space --exit-code --quiet --ext-diff
-			--no-ext-diff
+			--ignore-all-space --ignore-blank-lines --exit-code
+			--quiet --ext-diff --no-ext-diff
 			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
 			--inter-hunk-context=
-			--patience
-			--raw
+			--patience --histogram --minimal
+			--raw --word-diff
 			--dirstat --dirstat= --dirstat-by-file
 			--dirstat-by-file= --cumulative
+			--diff-algorithm=
 "
 
 _git_diff ()
@@ -1306,6 +1185,10 @@ _git_diff ()
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
 	case "$cur" in
+	--diff-algorithm=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_algorithms" "" "${cur##--diff-algorithm=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --staged --pickaxe-all --pickaxe-regex
 			--base --ours --theirs --no-index
@@ -1317,8 +1200,8 @@ _git_diff ()
 	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
-__git_mergetools_common="diffuse ecmerge emerge kdiff3 meld opendiff
-			tkdiff vimdiff gvimdiff xxdiff araxis p4merge bc3
+__git_mergetools_common="diffuse diffmerge ecmerge emerge kdiff3 meld opendiff
+			tkdiff vimdiff gvimdiff xxdiff araxis p4merge bc codecompare
 "
 
 _git_difftool ()
@@ -1339,17 +1222,23 @@ _git_difftool ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	__git_complete_file
+	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
+__git_fetch_recurse_submodules="yes on-demand no"
+
 __git_fetch_options="
 	--quiet --verbose --append --upload-pack --force --keep --depth=
-	--tags --no-tags --all --prune --dry-run
+	--tags --no-tags --all --prune --dry-run --recurse-submodules=
 "
 
 _git_fetch ()
 {
 	case "$cur" in
+	--recurse-submodules=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_fetch_recurse_submodules" "" "${cur##--recurse-submodules=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "$__git_fetch_options"
 		return
@@ -1358,6 +1247,15 @@ _git_fetch ()
 	__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
 }
 
+__git_format_patch_options="
+	--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread= --no-thread
+	--numbered --start-number --numbered-files --keep-subject --signoff
+	--signature --no-signature --in-reply-to= --cc= --full-index --binary
+	--not --all --cover-letter --no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
+	--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream --subject-prefix=
+	--output-directory --reroll-count --to= --quiet --notes
+"
+
 _git_format_patch ()
 {
 	case "$cur" in
@@ -1368,21 +1266,7 @@ _git_format_patch ()
 		return
 		;;
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "
-			--stdout --attach --no-attach --thread --thread=
-			--output-directory
-			--numbered --start-number
-			--numbered-files
-			--keep-subject
-			--signoff --signature --no-signature
-			--in-reply-to= --cc=
-			--full-index --binary
-			--not --all
-			--cover-letter
-			--no-prefix --src-prefix= --dst-prefix=
-			--inline --suffix= --ignore-if-in-upstream
-			--subject-prefix=
-			"
+		__gitcomp "$__git_format_patch_options"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
@@ -1400,7 +1284,6 @@ _git_fsck ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_gc ()
@@ -1411,7 +1294,6 @@ _git_gc ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_gitk ()
@@ -1420,7 +1302,7 @@ _git_gitk ()
 }
 
 __git_match_ctag() {
-	awk "/^${1////\\/}/ { print \$1 }" "$2"
+	awk "/^${1//\//\\/}/ { print \$1 }" "$2"
 }
 
 _git_grep ()
@@ -1488,13 +1370,10 @@ _git_init ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_ls_files ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --deleted --modified --others --ignored
@@ -1507,7 +1386,10 @@ _git_ls_files ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	# XXX ignore options like --modified and always suggest all cached
+	# files.
+	__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
 }
 
 _git_ls_remote ()
@@ -1540,7 +1422,7 @@ __git_log_gitk_options="
 # Options that go well for log and shortlog (not gitk)
 __git_log_shortlog_options="
 	--author= --committer= --grep=
-	--all-match
+	--all-match --invert-grep
 "
 
 __git_log_pretty_formats="oneline short medium full fuller email raw format:"
@@ -1579,6 +1461,7 @@ _git_log ()
 			--abbrev-commit --abbrev=
 			--relative-date --date=
 			--pretty= --format= --oneline
+			--show-signature
 			--cherry-pick
 			--graph
 			--decorate --decorate=
@@ -1594,9 +1477,12 @@ _git_log ()
 	__git_complete_revlist
 }
 
+# Common merge options shared by git-merge(1) and git-pull(1).
 __git_merge_options="
 	--no-commit --no-stat --log --no-log --squash --strategy
 	--commit --stat --no-squash --ff --no-ff --ff-only --edit --no-edit
+	--verify-signatures --no-verify-signatures --gpg-sign
+	--quiet --verbose --progress --no-progress
 "
 
 _git_merge ()
@@ -1605,7 +1491,8 @@ _git_merge ()
 
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
-		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_options"
+		__gitcomp "$__git_merge_options
+			--rerere-autoupdate --no-rerere-autoupdate --abort"
 		return
 	esac
 	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
@@ -1623,11 +1510,16 @@ _git_mergetool ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
 }
 
 _git_merge_base ()
 {
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "--octopus --independent --is-ancestor --fork-point"
+		return
+		;;
+	esac
 	__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 }
 
@@ -1639,7 +1531,14 @@ _git_mv ()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	if [ $(__git_count_arguments "mv") -gt 0 ]; then
+		# We need to show both cached and untracked files (including
+		# empty directories) since this may not be the last argument.
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached --others --directory"
+	else
+		__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
+	fi
 }
 
 _git_name_rev ()
@@ -1657,7 +1556,7 @@ _git_notes ()
 		__gitcomp '--ref'
 		;;
 	,*)
-		case "${words[cword-1]}" in
+		case "$prev" in
 		--ref)
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 			;;
@@ -1683,7 +1582,7 @@ _git_notes ()
 	prune,*)
 		;;
 	*)
-		case "${words[cword-1]}" in
+		case "$prev" in
 		-m|-F)
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -1699,6 +1598,10 @@ _git_pull ()
 	__git_complete_strategy && return
 
 	case "$cur" in
+	--recurse-submodules=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_fetch_recurse_submodules" "" "${cur##--recurse-submodules=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--rebase --no-rebase
@@ -1711,22 +1614,55 @@ _git_pull ()
 	__git_complete_remote_or_refspec
 }
 
+__git_push_recurse_submodules="check on-demand"
+
+__git_complete_force_with_lease ()
+{
+	local cur_=$1
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	--*=)
+		;;
+	*:*)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "${cur_#*:}"
+		;;
+	*)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)" "" "$cur_"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
 _git_push ()
 {
 	case "$prev" in
 	--repo)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		return
+		;;
+	--recurse-submodules)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_push_recurse_submodules"
+		return
+		;;
 	esac
 	case "$cur" in
 	--repo=*)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)" "" "${cur##--repo=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--recurse-submodules=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_push_recurse_submodules" "" "${cur##--recurse-submodules=}"
+		return
+		;;
+	--force-with-lease=*)
+		__git_complete_force_with_lease "${cur##--force-with-lease=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
 			--all --mirror --tags --dry-run --force --verbose
+			--quiet --prune --delete --follow-tags
 			--receive-pack= --repo= --set-upstream
+			--force-with-lease --force-with-lease= --recurse-submodules=
 		"
 		return
 		;;
@@ -1753,7 +1689,8 @@ _git_rebase ()
 			--preserve-merges --stat --no-stat
 			--committer-date-is-author-date --ignore-date
 			--ignore-whitespace --whitespace=
-			--autosquash
+			--autosquash --fork-point --no-fork-point
+			--autostash
 			"
 
 		return
@@ -1796,6 +1733,12 @@ _git_send_email ()
 		__gitcomp "ssl tls" "" "${cur##--smtp-encryption=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--thread=*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			deep shallow
+			" "" "${cur##--thread=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--annotate --bcc --cc --cc-cmd --chain-reply-to
 			--compose --confirm= --dry-run --envelope-sender
@@ -1805,11 +1748,12 @@ _git_send_email ()
 			--signed-off-by-cc --smtp-pass --smtp-server
 			--smtp-server-port --smtp-encryption= --smtp-user
 			--subject --suppress-cc= --suppress-from --thread --to
-			--validate --no-validate"
+			--validate --no-validate
+			$__git_format_patch_options"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+	__git_complete_revlist
 }
 
 _git_stage ()
@@ -1823,7 +1767,7 @@ __git_config_get_set_variables ()
 	while [ $c -gt 1 ]; do
 		word="${words[c]}"
 		case "$word" in
-		--global|--system|--file=*)
+		--system|--global|--local|--file=*)
 			config_file="$word"
 			break
 			;;
@@ -1850,7 +1794,7 @@ __git_config_get_set_variables ()
 _git_config ()
 {
 	case "$prev" in
-	branch.*.remote)
+	branch.*.remote|branch.*.pushremote)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		return
 		;;
@@ -1858,11 +1802,19 @@ _git_config ()
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		return
 		;;
+	branch.*.rebase)
+		__gitcomp "false true"
+		return
+		;;
+	remote.pushdefault)
+		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
+		return
+		;;
 	remote.*.fetch)
 		local remote="${prev#remote.}"
 		remote="${remote%.fetch}"
 		if [ -z "$cur" ]; then
-			COMPREPLY=("refs/heads/")
+			__gitcomp_nl "refs/heads/" "" "" ""
 			return
 		fi
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs_remotes "$remote")"
@@ -1897,6 +1849,10 @@ _git_config ()
 			"
 		return
 		;;
+	diff.submodule)
+		__gitcomp "log short"
+		return
+		;;
 	help.format)
 		__gitcomp "man info web html"
 		return
@@ -1917,19 +1873,22 @@ _git_config ()
 		__gitcomp "$__git_send_email_suppresscc_options"
 		return
 		;;
+	sendemail.transferencoding)
+		__gitcomp "7bit 8bit quoted-printable base64"
+		return
+		;;
 	--get|--get-all|--unset|--unset-all)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_config_get_set_variables)"
 		return
 		;;
 	*.*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "
-			--global --system --file=
+			--system --global --local --file=
 			--list --replace-all
 			--get --get-all --get-regexp
 			--add --unset --unset-all
@@ -1939,12 +1898,13 @@ _git_config ()
 		;;
 	branch.*.*)
 		local pfx="${cur%.*}." cur_="${cur##*.}"
-		__gitcomp "remote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur_"
+		__gitcomp "remote pushremote merge mergeoptions rebase" "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		return
 		;;
 	branch.*)
 		local pfx="${cur%.*}." cur_="${cur#*.}"
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_heads)" "$pfx" "$cur_" "."
+		__gitcomp_nl_append $'autosetupmerge\nautosetuprebase\n' "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		return
 		;;
 	guitool.*.*)
@@ -1987,6 +1947,7 @@ _git_config ()
 	remote.*)
 		local pfx="${cur%.*}." cur_="${cur#*.}"
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)" "$pfx" "$cur_" "."
+		__gitcomp_nl_append "pushdefault" "$pfx" "$cur_"
 		return
 		;;
 	url.*.*)
@@ -2050,6 +2011,7 @@ _git_config ()
 		color.status.changed
 		color.status.header
 		color.status.nobranch
+		color.status.unmerged
 		color.status.untracked
 		color.status.updated
 		color.ui
@@ -2070,7 +2032,6 @@ _git_config ()
 		core.fileMode
 		core.fsyncobjectfiles
 		core.gitProxy
-		core.ignoreCygwinFSTricks
 		core.ignoreStat
 		core.ignorecase
 		core.logAllRefUpdates
@@ -2098,15 +2059,19 @@ _git_config ()
 		diff.noprefix
 		diff.renameLimit
 		diff.renames
+		diff.statGraphWidth
+		diff.submodule
 		diff.suppressBlankEmpty
 		diff.tool
 		diff.wordRegex
+		diff.algorithm
 		difftool.
 		difftool.prompt
 		fetch.recurseSubmodules
 		fetch.unpackLimit
 		format.attach
 		format.cc
+		format.coverLetter
 		format.headers
 		format.numbered
 		format.pretty
@@ -2221,6 +2186,7 @@ _git_config ()
 		pull.octopus
 		pull.twohead
 		push.default
+		push.followTags
 		rebase.autosquash
 		rebase.stat
 		receive.autogc
@@ -2231,6 +2197,7 @@ _git_config ()
 		receive.fsckObjects
 		receive.unpackLimit
 		receive.updateserverinfo
+		remote.pushdefault
 		remotes.
 		repack.usedeltabaseoffset
 		rerere.autoupdate
@@ -2278,7 +2245,7 @@ _git_config ()
 
 _git_remote ()
 {
-	local subcommands="add rename rm set-head set-branches set-url show prune update"
+	local subcommands="add rename remove set-head set-branches set-url show prune update"
 	local subcommand="$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")"
 	if [ -z "$subcommand" ]; then
 		__gitcomp "$subcommands"
@@ -2286,7 +2253,7 @@ _git_remote ()
 	fi
 
 	case "$subcommand" in
-	rename|rm|set-url|show|prune)
+	rename|remove|set-url|show|prune)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_remotes)"
 		;;
 	set-head|set-branches)
@@ -2301,7 +2268,6 @@ _git_remote ()
 		__gitcomp "$c"
 		;;
 	*)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	esac
 }
@@ -2337,15 +2303,14 @@ _git_revert ()
 
 _git_rm ()
 {
-	__git_has_doubledash && return
-
 	case "$cur" in
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--cached --dry-run --ignore-unmatch --quiet"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	COMPREPLY=()
+
+	__git_complete_index_file "--cached"
 }
 
 _git_shortlog ()
@@ -2375,14 +2340,19 @@ _git_show ()
 			" "" "${cur#*=}"
 		return
 		;;
+	--diff-algorithm=*)
+		__gitcomp "$__git_diff_algorithms" "" "${cur##--diff-algorithm=}"
+		return
+		;;
 	--*)
 		__gitcomp "--pretty= --format= --abbrev-commit --oneline
+			--show-signature
 			$__git_diff_common_options
 			"
 		return
 		;;
 	esac
-	__git_complete_file
+	__git_complete_revlist_file
 }
 
 _git_show_branch ()
@@ -2414,8 +2384,6 @@ _git_stash ()
 		*)
 			if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$save_opts")" ]; then
 				__gitcomp "$subcommands"
-			else
-				COMPREPLY=()
 			fi
 			;;
 		esac
@@ -2428,14 +2396,12 @@ _git_stash ()
 			__gitcomp "--index --quiet"
 			;;
 		show,--*|drop,--*|branch,--*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		show,*|apply,*|drop,*|pop,*|branch,*)
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(git --git-dir="$(__gitdir)" stash list \
 					| sed -n -e 's/:.*//p')"
 			;;
 		*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		esac
 	fi
@@ -2445,7 +2411,7 @@ _git_submodule ()
 {
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
-	local subcommands="add status init update summary foreach sync"
+	local subcommands="add status init deinit update summary foreach sync"
 	if [ -z "$(__git_find_on_cmdline "$subcommands")" ]; then
 		case "$cur" in
 		--*)
@@ -2477,7 +2443,7 @@ _git_svn ()
 			--no-metadata --use-svm-props --use-svnsync-props
 			--log-window-size= --no-checkout --quiet
 			--repack-flags --use-log-author --localtime
-			--ignore-paths= $remote_opts
+			--ignore-paths= --include-paths= $remote_opts
 			"
 		local init_opts="
 			--template= --shared= --trunk= --tags=
@@ -2552,7 +2518,6 @@ _git_svn ()
 			__gitcomp "--revision= --parent"
 			;;
 		*)
-			COMPREPLY=()
 			;;
 		esac
 	fi
@@ -2577,19 +2542,26 @@ _git_tag ()
 
 	case "$prev" in
 	-m|-F)
-		COMPREPLY=()
 		;;
 	-*|tag)
 		if [ $f = 1 ]; then
 			__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_tags)"
-		else
-			COMPREPLY=()
 		fi
 		;;
 	*)
 		__gitcomp_nl "$(__git_refs)"
 		;;
 	esac
+
+	case "$cur" in
+	--*)
+		__gitcomp "
+			--list --delete --verify --annotate --message --file
+			--sign --cleanup --local-user --force --column --sort
+			--contains --points-at
+			"
+		;;
+	esac
 }
 
 _git_whatchanged ()
@@ -2597,32 +2569,19 @@ _git_whatchanged ()
 	_git_log
 }
 
-_git ()
+__git_main ()
 {
 	local i c=1 command __git_dir
 
-	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-		emulate -L bash
-		setopt KSH_TYPESET
-
-		# workaround zsh's bug that leaves 'words' as a special
-		# variable in versions < 4.3.12
-		typeset -h words
-
-		# workaround zsh's bug that quotes spaces in the COMPREPLY
-		# array if IFS doesn't contain spaces.
-		typeset -h IFS
-	fi
-
-	local cur words cword prev
-	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword prev
 	while [ $c -lt $cword ]; do
 		i="${words[c]}"
 		case "$i" in
 		--git-dir=*) __git_dir="${i#--git-dir=}" ;;
+		--git-dir)   ((c++)) ; __git_dir="${words[c]}" ;;
 		--bare)      __git_dir="." ;;
-		--version|-p|--paginate) ;;
 		--help) command="help"; break ;;
+		-c|--work-tree|--namespace) ((c++)) ;;
+		-*) ;;
 		*) command="$i"; break ;;
 		esac
 		((c++))
@@ -2637,9 +2596,13 @@ _git ()
 			--bare
 			--version
 			--exec-path
+			--exec-path=
 			--html-path
+			--man-path
+			--info-path
 			--work-tree=
 			--namespace=
+			--no-replace-objects
 			--help
 			"
 			;;
@@ -2654,29 +2617,14 @@ _git ()
 
 	local expansion=$(__git_aliased_command "$command")
 	if [ -n "$expansion" ]; then
+		words[1]=$expansion
 		completion_func="_git_${expansion//-/_}"
 		declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func
 	fi
 }
 
-_gitk ()
+__gitk_main ()
 {
-	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
-		emulate -L bash
-		setopt KSH_TYPESET
-
-		# workaround zsh's bug that leaves 'words' as a special
-		# variable in versions < 4.3.12
-		typeset -h words
-
-		# workaround zsh's bug that quotes spaces in the COMPREPLY
-		# array if IFS doesn't contain spaces.
-		typeset -h IFS
-	fi
-
-	local cur words cword prev
-	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword prev
-
 	__git_has_doubledash && return
 
 	local g="$(__gitdir)"
@@ -2697,16 +2645,107 @@ _gitk ()
 	__git_complete_revlist
 }
 
-complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F _git git 2>/dev/null \
-	|| complete -o default -o nospace -F _git git
-complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F _gitk gitk 2>/dev/null \
-	|| complete -o default -o nospace -F _gitk gitk
+if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+	echo "WARNING: this script is deprecated, please see git-completion.zsh" 1>&2
+
+	autoload -U +X compinit && compinit
+
+	__gitcomp ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local cur_="${3-$cur}"
+
+		case "$cur_" in
+		--*=)
+			;;
+		*)
+			local c IFS=$' \t\n'
+			local -a array
+			for c in ${=1}; do
+				c="$c${4-}"
+				case $c in
+				--*=*|*.) ;;
+				*) c="$c " ;;
+				esac
+				array[${#array[@]}+1]="$c"
+			done
+			compset -P '*[=:]'
+			compadd -Q -S '' -p "${2-}" -a -- array && _ret=0
+			;;
+		esac
+	}
+
+	__gitcomp_nl ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+	}
+
+	__gitcomp_file ()
+	{
+		emulate -L zsh
+
+		local IFS=$'\n'
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -p "${2-}" -f -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+	}
+
+	_git ()
+	{
+		local _ret=1 cur cword prev
+		cur=${words[CURRENT]}
+		prev=${words[CURRENT-1]}
+		let cword=CURRENT-1
+		emulate ksh -c __${service}_main
+		let _ret && _default && _ret=0
+		return _ret
+	}
+
+	compdef _git git gitk
+	return
+fi
+
+__git_func_wrap ()
+{
+	local cur words cword prev
+	_get_comp_words_by_ref -n =: cur words cword prev
+	$1
+}
+
+# Setup completion for certain functions defined above by setting common
+# variables and workarounds.
+# This is NOT a public function; use at your own risk.
+__git_complete ()
+{
+	local wrapper="__git_wrap${2}"
+	eval "$wrapper () { __git_func_wrap $2 ; }"
+	complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F $wrapper $1 2>/dev/null \
+		|| complete -o default -o nospace -F $wrapper $1
+}
+
+# wrapper for backwards compatibility
+_git ()
+{
+	__git_wrap__git_main
+}
+
+# wrapper for backwards compatibility
+_gitk ()
+{
+	__git_wrap__gitk_main
+}
+
+__git_complete git __git_main
+__git_complete gitk __gitk_main
 
 # The following are necessary only for Cygwin, and only are needed
 # when the user has tab-completed the executable name and consequently
 # included the '.exe' suffix.
 #
 if [ Cygwin = "$(uname -o 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
-complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F _git git.exe 2>/dev/null \
-	|| complete -o default -o nospace -F _git git.exe
+__git_complete git.exe __git_main
 fi
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh b/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6104a42a23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.tcsh
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# tcsh completion support for core Git.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012 Marc Khouzam <marc.khouzam@gmail.com>
+# Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
+#
+# When sourced, this script will generate a new script that uses
+# the git-completion.bash script provided by core Git.  This new
+# script can be used by tcsh to perform git completion.
+# The current script also issues the necessary tcsh 'complete'
+# commands.
+#
+# To use this completion script:
+#
+#    0) You need tcsh 6.16.00 or newer.
+#    1) Copy both this file and the bash completion script to ${HOME}.
+#       You _must_ use the name ${HOME}/.git-completion.bash for the
+#       bash script.
+#       (e.g. ~/.git-completion.tcsh and ~/.git-completion.bash).
+#    2) Add the following line to your .tcshrc/.cshrc:
+#        source ~/.git-completion.tcsh
+#    3) For completion similar to bash, it is recommended to also
+#       add the following line to your .tcshrc/.cshrc:
+#        set autolist=ambiguous
+#       It will tell tcsh to list the possible completion choices.
+
+set __git_tcsh_completion_version = `\echo ${tcsh} | \sed 's/\./ /g'`
+if ( ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[1]} < 6 || \
+     ( ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[1]} == 6 && \
+       ${__git_tcsh_completion_version[2]} < 16 ) ) then
+	echo "git-completion.tcsh: Your version of tcsh is too old, you need version 6.16.00 or newer.  Git completion will not work."
+	exit
+endif
+unset __git_tcsh_completion_version
+
+set __git_tcsh_completion_original_script = ${HOME}/.git-completion.bash
+set __git_tcsh_completion_script = ${HOME}/.git-completion.tcsh.bash
+
+# Check that the user put the script in the right place
+if ( ! -e ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script} ) then
+	echo "git-completion.tcsh: Cannot find: ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script}.  Git completion will not work."
+	exit
+endif
+
+cat << EOF > ${__git_tcsh_completion_script}
+#!bash
+#
+# This script is GENERATED and will be overwritten automatically.
+# Do not modify it directly.  Instead, modify git-completion.tcsh
+# and source it again.
+
+source ${__git_tcsh_completion_original_script}
+
+# Remove the colon as a completion separator because tcsh cannot handle it
+COMP_WORDBREAKS=\${COMP_WORDBREAKS//:}
+
+# For file completion, tcsh needs the '/' to be appended to directories.
+# By default, the bash script does not do that.
+# We can achieve this by using the below compatibility
+# method of the git-completion.bash script.
+__git_index_file_list_filter ()
+{
+	__git_index_file_list_filter_compat
+}
+
+# Set COMP_WORDS in a way that can be handled by the bash script.
+COMP_WORDS=(\$2)
+
+# The cursor is at the end of parameter #1.
+# We must check for a space as the last character which will
+# tell us that the previous word is complete and the cursor
+# is on the next word.
+if [ "\${2: -1}" == " " ]; then
+	# The last character is a space, so our location is at the end
+	# of the command-line array
+	COMP_CWORD=\${#COMP_WORDS[@]}
+else
+	# The last character is not a space, so our location is on the
+	# last word of the command-line array, so we must decrement the
+	# count by 1
+	COMP_CWORD=\$((\${#COMP_WORDS[@]}-1))
+fi
+
+# Call _git() or _gitk() of the bash script, based on the first argument
+_\${1}
+
+IFS=\$'\n'
+if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 0 ]; then
+	# No completions suggested.  In this case, we want tcsh to perform
+	# standard file completion.  However, there does not seem to be way
+	# to tell tcsh to do that.  To help the user, we try to simulate
+	# file completion directly in this script.
+	#
+	# Known issues:
+	#     - Possible completions are shown with their directory prefix.
+	#     - Completions containing shell variables are not handled.
+	#     - Completions with ~ as the first character are not handled.
+
+	# No file completion should be done unless we are completing beyond
+	# the git sub-command.  An improvement on the bash completion :)
+	if [ \${COMP_CWORD} -gt 1 ]; then
+		TO_COMPLETE="\${COMP_WORDS[\${COMP_CWORD}]}"
+
+		# We don't support ~ expansion: too tricky.
+		if [ "\${TO_COMPLETE:0:1}" != "~" ]; then
+			# Use ls so as to add the '/' at the end of directories.
+			COMPREPLY=(\`ls -dp \${TO_COMPLETE}* 2> /dev/null\`)
+		fi
+	fi
+fi
+
+# tcsh does not automatically remove duplicates, so we do it ourselves
+echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}" | sort | uniq
+
+# If there is a single completion and it is a directory, we output it
+# a second time to trick tcsh into not adding a space after it.
+if [ \${#COMPREPLY[*]} -eq 1 ] && [ "\${COMPREPLY[0]: -1}" == "/" ]; then
+	echo "\${COMPREPLY[*]}"
+fi
+
+EOF
+
+# Don't need this variable anymore, so don't pollute the users environment
+unset __git_tcsh_completion_original_script
+
+complete git  'p,*,`bash ${__git_tcsh_completion_script} git "${COMMAND_LINE}"`,'
+complete gitk 'p,*,`bash ${__git_tcsh_completion_script} gitk "${COMMAND_LINE}"`,'
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh b/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e25541308a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-completion.zsh
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#compdef git gitk
+
+# zsh completion wrapper for git
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012-2013 Felipe Contreras <felipe.contreras@gmail.com>
+#
+# You need git's bash completion script installed somewhere, by default it
+# would be the location bash-completion uses.
+#
+# If your script is somewhere else, you can configure it on your ~/.zshrc:
+#
+#  zstyle ':completion:*:*:git:*' script ~/.git-completion.zsh
+#
+# The recommended way to install this script is to copy to '~/.zsh/_git', and
+# then add the following to your ~/.zshrc file:
+#
+#  fpath=(~/.zsh $fpath)
+
+complete ()
+{
+	# do nothing
+	return 0
+}
+
+zstyle -T ':completion:*:*:git:*' tag-order && \
+	zstyle ':completion:*:*:git:*' tag-order 'common-commands'
+
+zstyle -s ":completion:*:*:git:*" script script
+if [ -z "$script" ]; then
+	local -a locations
+	local e
+	locations=(
+		$(dirname ${funcsourcetrace[1]%:*})/git-completion.bash
+		'/etc/bash_completion.d/git' # fedora, old debian
+		'/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/git' # arch, ubuntu, new debian
+		'/usr/share/bash-completion/git' # gentoo
+		)
+	for e in $locations; do
+		test -f $e && script="$e" && break
+	done
+fi
+ZSH_VERSION='' . "$script"
+
+__gitcomp ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local cur_="${3-$cur}"
+
+	case "$cur_" in
+	--*=)
+		;;
+	*)
+		local c IFS=$' \t\n'
+		local -a array
+		for c in ${=1}; do
+			c="$c${4-}"
+			case $c in
+			--*=*|*.) ;;
+			*) c="$c " ;;
+			esac
+			array+=("$c")
+		done
+		compset -P '*[=:]'
+		compadd -Q -S '' -p "${2-}" -a -- array && _ret=0
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+__gitcomp_nl ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compset -P '*[=:]'
+	compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__gitcomp_nl_append ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compadd -Q -S "${4- }" -p "${2-}" -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__gitcomp_file ()
+{
+	emulate -L zsh
+
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	compset -P '*[=:]'
+	compadd -Q -p "${2-}" -f -- ${=1} && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_bash_func ()
+{
+	emulate -L ksh
+
+	local command=$1
+
+	local completion_func="_git_${command//-/_}"
+	declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func && return
+
+	local expansion=$(__git_aliased_command "$command")
+	if [ -n "$expansion" ]; then
+		words[1]=$expansion
+		completion_func="_git_${expansion//-/_}"
+		declare -f $completion_func >/dev/null && $completion_func
+	fi
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_common ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	list=(
+	add:'add file contents to the index'
+	bisect:'find by binary search the change that introduced a bug'
+	branch:'list, create, or delete branches'
+	checkout:'checkout a branch or paths to the working tree'
+	clone:'clone a repository into a new directory'
+	commit:'record changes to the repository'
+	diff:'show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc'
+	fetch:'download objects and refs from another repository'
+	grep:'print lines matching a pattern'
+	init:'create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one'
+	log:'show commit logs'
+	merge:'join two or more development histories together'
+	mv:'move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink'
+	pull:'fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch'
+	push:'update remote refs along with associated objects'
+	rebase:'forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head'
+	reset:'reset current HEAD to the specified state'
+	rm:'remove files from the working tree and from the index'
+	show:'show various types of objects'
+	status:'show the working tree status'
+	tag:'create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG')
+	_describe -t common-commands 'common commands' list && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_alias ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	list=(${${${(0)"$(git config -z --get-regexp '^alias\.')"}#alias.}%$'\n'*})
+	_describe -t alias-commands 'aliases' list $* && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_cmd_all ()
+{
+	local -a list
+	emulate ksh -c __git_compute_all_commands
+	list=( ${=__git_all_commands} )
+	_describe -t all-commands 'all commands' list && _ret=0
+}
+
+__git_zsh_main ()
+{
+	local curcontext="$curcontext" state state_descr line
+	typeset -A opt_args
+	local -a orig_words
+
+	orig_words=( ${words[@]} )
+
+	_arguments -C \
+		'(-p --paginate --no-pager)'{-p,--paginate}'[pipe all output into ''less'']' \
+		'(-p --paginate)--no-pager[do not pipe git output into a pager]' \
+		'--git-dir=-[set the path to the repository]: :_directories' \
+		'--bare[treat the repository as a bare repository]' \
+		'(- :)--version[prints the git suite version]' \
+		'--exec-path=-[path to where your core git programs are installed]:: :_directories' \
+		'--html-path[print the path where git''s HTML documentation is installed]' \
+		'--info-path[print the path where the Info files are installed]' \
+		'--man-path[print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages]' \
+		'--work-tree=-[set the path to the working tree]: :_directories' \
+		'--namespace=-[set the git namespace]' \
+		'--no-replace-objects[do not use replacement refs to replace git objects]' \
+		'(- :)--help[prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used commands]: :->arg' \
+		'(-): :->command' \
+		'(-)*:: :->arg' && return
+
+	case $state in
+	(command)
+		_alternative \
+                         'alias-commands:alias:__git_zsh_cmd_alias' \
+                         'common-commands:common:__git_zsh_cmd_common' \
+                         'all-commands:all:__git_zsh_cmd_all' && _ret=0
+		;;
+	(arg)
+		local command="${words[1]}" __git_dir
+
+		if (( $+opt_args[--bare] )); then
+			__git_dir='.'
+		else
+			__git_dir=${opt_args[--git-dir]}
+		fi
+
+		(( $+opt_args[--help] )) && command='help'
+
+		words=( ${orig_words[@]} )
+
+		__git_zsh_bash_func $command
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+_git ()
+{
+	local _ret=1
+	local cur cword prev
+
+	cur=${words[CURRENT]}
+	prev=${words[CURRENT-1]}
+	let cword=CURRENT-1
+
+	if (( $+functions[__${service}_zsh_main] )); then
+		__${service}_zsh_main
+	else
+		emulate ksh -c __${service}_main
+	fi
+
+	let _ret && _default && _ret=0
+	return _ret
+}
+
+_git
diff --git a/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh b/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f18aedc73b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+# bash/zsh git prompt support
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2006,2007 Shawn O. Pearce <spearce@spearce.org>
+# Distributed under the GNU General Public License, version 2.0.
+#
+# This script allows you to see repository status in your prompt.
+#
+# To enable:
+#
+#    1) Copy this file to somewhere (e.g. ~/.git-prompt.sh).
+#    2) Add the following line to your .bashrc/.zshrc:
+#        source ~/.git-prompt.sh
+#    3a) Change your PS1 to call __git_ps1 as
+#        command-substitution:
+#        Bash: PS1='[\u@\h \W$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#        ZSH:  setopt PROMPT_SUBST ; PS1='[%n@%m %c$(__git_ps1 " (%s)")]\$ '
+#        the optional argument will be used as format string.
+#    3b) Alternatively, for a slightly faster prompt, __git_ps1 can
+#        be used for PROMPT_COMMAND in Bash or for precmd() in Zsh
+#        with two parameters, <pre> and <post>, which are strings
+#        you would put in $PS1 before and after the status string
+#        generated by the git-prompt machinery.  e.g.
+#        Bash: PROMPT_COMMAND='__git_ps1 "\u@\h:\w" "\\\$ "'
+#          will show username, at-sign, host, colon, cwd, then
+#          various status string, followed by dollar and SP, as
+#          your prompt.
+#        ZSH:  precmd () { __git_ps1 "%n" ":%~$ " "|%s" }
+#          will show username, pipe, then various status string,
+#          followed by colon, cwd, dollar and SP, as your prompt.
+#        Optionally, you can supply a third argument with a printf
+#        format string to finetune the output of the branch status
+#
+# The repository status will be displayed only if you are currently in a
+# git repository. The %s token is the placeholder for the shown status.
+#
+# The prompt status always includes the current branch name.
+#
+# In addition, if you set GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE to a nonempty value,
+# unstaged (*) and staged (+) changes will be shown next to the branch
+# name.  You can configure this per-repository with the
+# bash.showDirtyState variable, which defaults to true once
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE is enabled.
+#
+# You can also see if currently something is stashed, by setting
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE to a nonempty value. If something is stashed,
+# then a '$' will be shown next to the branch name.
+#
+# If you would like to see if there're untracked files, then you can set
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES to a nonempty value. If there're untracked
+# files, then a '%' will be shown next to the branch name.  You can
+# configure this per-repository with the bash.showUntrackedFiles
+# variable, which defaults to true once GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES is
+# enabled.
+#
+# If you would like to see the difference between HEAD and its upstream,
+# set GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="auto".  A "<" indicates you are behind, ">"
+# indicates you are ahead, "<>" indicates you have diverged and "="
+# indicates that there is no difference. You can further control
+# behaviour by setting GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM to a space-separated list
+# of values:
+#
+#     verbose       show number of commits ahead/behind (+/-) upstream
+#     name          if verbose, then also show the upstream abbrev name
+#     legacy        don't use the '--count' option available in recent
+#                   versions of git-rev-list
+#     git           always compare HEAD to @{upstream}
+#     svn           always compare HEAD to your SVN upstream
+#
+# By default, __git_ps1 will compare HEAD to your SVN upstream if it can
+# find one, or @{upstream} otherwise.  Once you have set
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM, you can override it on a per-repository basis by
+# setting the bash.showUpstream config variable.
+#
+# If you would like to see more information about the identity of
+# commits checked out as a detached HEAD, set GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE
+# to one of these values:
+#
+#     contains      relative to newer annotated tag (v1.6.3.2~35)
+#     branch        relative to newer tag or branch (master~4)
+#     describe      relative to older annotated tag (v1.6.3.1-13-gdd42c2f)
+#     default       exactly matching tag
+#
+# If you would like a colored hint about the current dirty state, set
+# GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS to a nonempty value. The colors are based on
+# the colored output of "git status -sb" and are available only when
+# using __git_ps1 for PROMPT_COMMAND or precmd.
+#
+# If you would like __git_ps1 to do nothing in the case when the current
+# directory is set up to be ignored by git, then set
+# GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED to a nonempty value. Override this on the
+# repository level by setting bash.hideIfPwdIgnored to "false".
+
+# check whether printf supports -v
+__git_printf_supports_v=
+printf -v __git_printf_supports_v -- '%s' yes >/dev/null 2>&1
+
+# stores the divergence from upstream in $p
+# used by GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM
+__git_ps1_show_upstream ()
+{
+	local key value
+	local svn_remote svn_url_pattern count n
+	local upstream=git legacy="" verbose="" name=""
+
+	svn_remote=()
+	# get some config options from git-config
+	local output="$(git config -z --get-regexp '^(svn-remote\..*\.url|bash\.showupstream)$' 2>/dev/null | tr '\0\n' '\n ')"
+	while read -r key value; do
+		case "$key" in
+		bash.showupstream)
+			GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM="$value"
+			if [[ -z "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}" ]]; then
+				p=""
+				return
+			fi
+			;;
+		svn-remote.*.url)
+			svn_remote[$((${#svn_remote[@]} + 1))]="$value"
+			svn_url_pattern="$svn_url_pattern\\|$value"
+			upstream=svn+git # default upstream is SVN if available, else git
+			;;
+		esac
+	done <<< "$output"
+
+	# parse configuration values
+	for option in ${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM}; do
+		case "$option" in
+		git|svn) upstream="$option" ;;
+		verbose) verbose=1 ;;
+		legacy)  legacy=1  ;;
+		name)    name=1 ;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	# Find our upstream
+	case "$upstream" in
+	git)    upstream="@{upstream}" ;;
+	svn*)
+		# get the upstream from the "git-svn-id: ..." in a commit message
+		# (git-svn uses essentially the same procedure internally)
+		local -a svn_upstream
+		svn_upstream=($(git log --first-parent -1 \
+					--grep="^git-svn-id: \(${svn_url_pattern#??}\)" 2>/dev/null))
+		if [[ 0 -ne ${#svn_upstream[@]} ]]; then
+			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream[${#svn_upstream[@]} - 2]}
+			svn_upstream=${svn_upstream%@*}
+			local n_stop="${#svn_remote[@]}"
+			for ((n=1; n <= n_stop; n++)); do
+				svn_upstream=${svn_upstream#${svn_remote[$n]}}
+			done
+
+			if [[ -z "$svn_upstream" ]]; then
+				# default branch name for checkouts with no layout:
+				upstream=${GIT_SVN_ID:-git-svn}
+			else
+				upstream=${svn_upstream#/}
+			fi
+		elif [[ "svn+git" = "$upstream" ]]; then
+			upstream="@{upstream}"
+		fi
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# Find how many commits we are ahead/behind our upstream
+	if [[ -z "$legacy" ]]; then
+		count="$(git rev-list --count --left-right \
+				"$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+	else
+		# produce equivalent output to --count for older versions of git
+		local commits
+		if commits="$(git rev-list --left-right "$upstream"...HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+		then
+			local commit behind=0 ahead=0
+			for commit in $commits
+			do
+				case "$commit" in
+				"<"*) ((behind++)) ;;
+				*)    ((ahead++))  ;;
+				esac
+			done
+			count="$behind	$ahead"
+		else
+			count=""
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	# calculate the result
+	if [[ -z "$verbose" ]]; then
+		case "$count" in
+		"") # no upstream
+			p="" ;;
+		"0	0") # equal to upstream
+			p="=" ;;
+		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
+			p=">" ;;
+		*"	0") # behind upstream
+			p="<" ;;
+		*)	    # diverged from upstream
+			p="<>" ;;
+		esac
+	else
+		case "$count" in
+		"") # no upstream
+			p="" ;;
+		"0	0") # equal to upstream
+			p=" u=" ;;
+		"0	"*) # ahead of upstream
+			p=" u+${count#0	}" ;;
+		*"	0") # behind upstream
+			p=" u-${count%	0}" ;;
+		*)	    # diverged from upstream
+			p=" u+${count#*	}-${count%	*}" ;;
+		esac
+		if [[ -n "$count" && -n "$name" ]]; then
+			__git_ps1_upstream_name=$(git rev-parse \
+				--abbrev-ref "$upstream" 2>/dev/null)
+			if [ $pcmode = yes ] && [ $ps1_expanded = yes ]; then
+				p="$p \${__git_ps1_upstream_name}"
+			else
+				p="$p ${__git_ps1_upstream_name}"
+				# not needed anymore; keep user's
+				# environment clean
+				unset __git_ps1_upstream_name
+			fi
+		fi
+	fi
+
+}
+
+# Helper function that is meant to be called from __git_ps1.  It
+# injects color codes into the appropriate gitstring variables used
+# to build a gitstring.
+__git_ps1_colorize_gitstring ()
+{
+	if [[ -n ${ZSH_VERSION-} ]]; then
+		local c_red='%F{red}'
+		local c_green='%F{green}'
+		local c_lblue='%F{blue}'
+		local c_clear='%f'
+	else
+		# Using \[ and \] around colors is necessary to prevent
+		# issues with command line editing/browsing/completion!
+		local c_red='\[\e[31m\]'
+		local c_green='\[\e[32m\]'
+		local c_lblue='\[\e[1;34m\]'
+		local c_clear='\[\e[0m\]'
+	fi
+	local bad_color=$c_red
+	local ok_color=$c_green
+	local flags_color="$c_lblue"
+
+	local branch_color=""
+	if [ $detached = no ]; then
+		branch_color="$ok_color"
+	else
+		branch_color="$bad_color"
+	fi
+	c="$branch_color$c"
+
+	z="$c_clear$z"
+	if [ "$w" = "*" ]; then
+		w="$bad_color$w"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$i" ]; then
+		i="$ok_color$i"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$s" ]; then
+		s="$flags_color$s"
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$u" ]; then
+		u="$bad_color$u"
+	fi
+	r="$c_clear$r"
+}
+
+__git_eread ()
+{
+	local f="$1"
+	shift
+	test -r "$f" && read "$@" <"$f"
+}
+
+# __git_ps1 accepts 0 or 1 arguments (i.e., format string)
+# when called from PS1 using command substitution
+# in this mode it prints text to add to bash PS1 prompt (includes branch name)
+#
+# __git_ps1 requires 2 or 3 arguments when called from PROMPT_COMMAND (pc)
+# in that case it _sets_ PS1. The arguments are parts of a PS1 string.
+# when two arguments are given, the first is prepended and the second appended
+# to the state string when assigned to PS1.
+# The optional third parameter will be used as printf format string to further
+# customize the output of the git-status string.
+# In this mode you can request colored hints using GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=true
+__git_ps1 ()
+{
+	# preserve exit status
+	local exit=$?
+	local pcmode=no
+	local detached=no
+	local ps1pc_start='\u@\h:\w '
+	local ps1pc_end='\$ '
+	local printf_format=' (%s)'
+
+	case "$#" in
+		2|3)	pcmode=yes
+			ps1pc_start="$1"
+			ps1pc_end="$2"
+			printf_format="${3:-$printf_format}"
+			# set PS1 to a plain prompt so that we can
+			# simply return early if the prompt should not
+			# be decorated
+			PS1="$ps1pc_start$ps1pc_end"
+		;;
+		0|1)	printf_format="${1:-$printf_format}"
+		;;
+		*)	return $exit
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	# ps1_expanded:  This variable is set to 'yes' if the shell
+	# subjects the value of PS1 to parameter expansion:
+	#
+	#   * bash does unless the promptvars option is disabled
+	#   * zsh does not unless the PROMPT_SUBST option is set
+	#   * POSIX shells always do
+	#
+	# If the shell would expand the contents of PS1 when drawing
+	# the prompt, a raw ref name must not be included in PS1.
+	# This protects the user from arbitrary code execution via
+	# specially crafted ref names.  For example, a ref named
+	# 'refs/heads/$(IFS=_;cmd=sudo_rm_-rf_/;$cmd)' might cause the
+	# shell to execute 'sudo rm -rf /' when the prompt is drawn.
+	#
+	# Instead, the ref name should be placed in a separate global
+	# variable (in the __git_ps1_* namespace to avoid colliding
+	# with the user's environment) and that variable should be
+	# referenced from PS1.  For example:
+	#
+	#     __git_ps1_foo=$(do_something_to_get_ref_name)
+	#     PS1="...stuff...\${__git_ps1_foo}...stuff..."
+	#
+	# If the shell does not expand the contents of PS1, the raw
+	# ref name must be included in PS1.
+	#
+	# The value of this variable is only relevant when in pcmode.
+	#
+	# Assume that the shell follows the POSIX specification and
+	# expands PS1 unless determined otherwise.  (This is more
+	# likely to be correct if the user has a non-bash, non-zsh
+	# shell and safer than the alternative if the assumption is
+	# incorrect.)
+	#
+	local ps1_expanded=yes
+	[ -z "$ZSH_VERSION" ] || [[ -o PROMPT_SUBST ]] || ps1_expanded=no
+	[ -z "$BASH_VERSION" ] || shopt -q promptvars || ps1_expanded=no
+
+	local repo_info rev_parse_exit_code
+	repo_info="$(git rev-parse --git-dir --is-inside-git-dir \
+		--is-bare-repository --is-inside-work-tree \
+		--short HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+	rev_parse_exit_code="$?"
+
+	if [ -z "$repo_info" ]; then
+		return $exit
+	fi
+
+	local short_sha
+	if [ "$rev_parse_exit_code" = "0" ]; then
+		short_sha="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+		repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	fi
+	local inside_worktree="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	local bare_repo="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	repo_info="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+	local inside_gitdir="${repo_info##*$'\n'}"
+	local g="${repo_info%$'\n'*}"
+
+	if [ "true" = "$inside_worktree" ] &&
+	   [ -n "${GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED-}" ] &&
+	   [ "$(git config --bool bash.hideIfPwdIgnored)" != "false" ] &&
+	   git check-ignore -q .
+	then
+		return $exit
+	fi
+
+	local r=""
+	local b=""
+	local step=""
+	local total=""
+	if [ -d "$g/rebase-merge" ]; then
+		__git_eread "$g/rebase-merge/head-name" b
+		__git_eread "$g/rebase-merge/msgnum" step
+		__git_eread "$g/rebase-merge/end" total
+		if [ -f "$g/rebase-merge/interactive" ]; then
+			r="|REBASE-i"
+		else
+			r="|REBASE-m"
+		fi
+	else
+		if [ -d "$g/rebase-apply" ]; then
+			__git_eread "$g/rebase-apply/next" step
+			__git_eread "$g/rebase-apply/last" total
+			if [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/rebasing" ]; then
+				__git_eread "$g/rebase-apply/head-name" b
+				r="|REBASE"
+			elif [ -f "$g/rebase-apply/applying" ]; then
+				r="|AM"
+			else
+				r="|AM/REBASE"
+			fi
+		elif [ -f "$g/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|MERGING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/CHERRY_PICK_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|CHERRY-PICKING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/REVERT_HEAD" ]; then
+			r="|REVERTING"
+		elif [ -f "$g/BISECT_LOG" ]; then
+			r="|BISECTING"
+		fi
+
+		if [ -n "$b" ]; then
+			:
+		elif [ -h "$g/HEAD" ]; then
+			# symlink symbolic ref
+			b="$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>/dev/null)"
+		else
+			local head=""
+			if ! __git_eread "$g/HEAD" head; then
+				return $exit
+			fi
+			# is it a symbolic ref?
+			b="${head#ref: }"
+			if [ "$head" = "$b" ]; then
+				detached=yes
+				b="$(
+				case "${GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE-}" in
+				(contains)
+					git describe --contains HEAD ;;
+				(branch)
+					git describe --contains --all HEAD ;;
+				(describe)
+					git describe HEAD ;;
+				(* | default)
+					git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD ;;
+				esac 2>/dev/null)" ||
+
+				b="$short_sha..."
+				b="($b)"
+			fi
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	if [ -n "$step" ] && [ -n "$total" ]; then
+		r="$r $step/$total"
+	fi
+
+	local w=""
+	local i=""
+	local s=""
+	local u=""
+	local c=""
+	local p=""
+
+	if [ "true" = "$inside_gitdir" ]; then
+		if [ "true" = "$bare_repo" ]; then
+			c="BARE:"
+		else
+			b="GIT_DIR!"
+		fi
+	elif [ "true" = "$inside_worktree" ]; then
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE-}" ] &&
+		   [ "$(git config --bool bash.showDirtyState)" != "false" ]
+		then
+			git diff --no-ext-diff --quiet --exit-code || w="*"
+			if [ -n "$short_sha" ]; then
+				git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD -- || i="+"
+			else
+				i="#"
+			fi
+		fi
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE-}" ] &&
+		   git rev-parse --verify --quiet refs/stash >/dev/null
+		then
+			s="$"
+		fi
+
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES-}" ] &&
+		   [ "$(git config --bool bash.showUntrackedFiles)" != "false" ] &&
+		   git ls-files --others --exclude-standard --error-unmatch -- ':/*' >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+		then
+			u="%${ZSH_VERSION+%}"
+		fi
+
+		if [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWUPSTREAM-}" ]; then
+			__git_ps1_show_upstream
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	local z="${GIT_PS1_STATESEPARATOR-" "}"
+
+	# NO color option unless in PROMPT_COMMAND mode
+	if [ $pcmode = yes ] && [ -n "${GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS-}" ]; then
+		__git_ps1_colorize_gitstring
+	fi
+
+	b=${b##refs/heads/}
+	if [ $pcmode = yes ] && [ $ps1_expanded = yes ]; then
+		__git_ps1_branch_name=$b
+		b="\${__git_ps1_branch_name}"
+	fi
+
+	local f="$w$i$s$u"
+	local gitstring="$c$b${f:+$z$f}$r$p"
+
+	if [ $pcmode = yes ]; then
+		if [ "${__git_printf_supports_v-}" != yes ]; then
+			gitstring=$(printf -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring")
+		else
+			printf -v gitstring -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring"
+		fi
+		PS1="$ps1pc_start$gitstring$ps1pc_end"
+	else
+		printf -- "$printf_format" "$gitstring"
+	fi
+
+	return $exit
+}
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/.gitignore b/contrib/contacts/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f385ee643c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+git-contacts.1
+git-contacts.html
+git-contacts.xml
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/Makefile b/contrib/contacts/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a2990f0dcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# The default target of this Makefile is...
+all::
+
+-include ../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../config.mak
+
+prefix ?= /usr/local
+gitexecdir ?= $(prefix)/libexec/git-core
+mandir ?= $(prefix)/share/man
+man1dir ?= $(mandir)/man1
+htmldir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+
+../../GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
+	$(MAKE) -C ../../ GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+-include ../../GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+# this should be set to a 'standard' bsd-type install program
+INSTALL  ?= install
+RM       ?= rm -f
+
+ASCIIDOC = asciidoc
+XMLTO    = xmlto
+
+ifndef SHELL_PATH
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/sh
+endif
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+
+ASCIIDOC_CONF = ../../Documentation/asciidoc.conf
+MANPAGE_XSL   = ../../Documentation/manpage-normal.xsl
+
+GIT_CONTACTS := git-contacts
+
+GIT_CONTACTS_DOC := git-contacts.1
+GIT_CONTACTS_XML := git-contacts.xml
+GIT_CONTACTS_TXT := git-contacts.txt
+GIT_CONTACTS_HTML := git-contacts.html
+
+doc: $(GIT_CONTACTS_DOC) $(GIT_CONTACTS_HTML)
+
+install: $(GIT_CONTACTS)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(gitexecdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $(GIT_CONTACTS) $(DESTDIR)$(gitexecdir)
+
+install-doc: install-man install-html
+
+install-man: $(GIT_CONTACTS_DOC)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+
+install-html: $(GIT_CONTACTS_HTML)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+
+$(GIT_CONTACTS_DOC): $(GIT_CONTACTS_XML)
+	$(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) man $^
+
+$(GIT_CONTACTS_XML): $(GIT_CONTACTS_TXT)
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b docbook -d manpage -f $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $^
+
+$(GIT_CONTACTS_HTML): $(GIT_CONTACTS_TXT)
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $^
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) $(GIT_CONTACTS)
+	$(RM) *.xml *.html *.1
+
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/git-contacts b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..dbe2abf277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# List people who might be interested in a patch.  Useful as the argument to
+# git-send-email --cc-cmd option, and in other situations.
+#
+# Usage: git contacts <file | rev-list option> ...
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+my $since = '5-years-ago';
+my $min_percent = 10;
+my $labels_rx = qr/Signed-off-by|Reviewed-by|Acked-by|Cc/i;
+my %seen;
+
+sub format_contact {
+	my ($name, $email) = @_;
+	return "$name <$email>";
+}
+
+sub parse_commit {
+	my ($commit, $data) = @_;
+	my $contacts = $commit->{contacts};
+	my $inbody = 0;
+	for (split(/^/m, $data)) {
+		if (not $inbody) {
+			if (/^author ([^<>]+) <(\S+)> .+$/) {
+				$contacts->{format_contact($1, $2)} = 1;
+			} elsif (/^$/) {
+				$inbody = 1;
+			}
+		} elsif (/^$labels_rx:\s+([^<>]+)\s+<(\S+?)>$/o) {
+			$contacts->{format_contact($1, $2)} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub import_commits {
+	my ($commits) = @_;
+	return unless %$commits;
+	my $pid = open2 my $reader, my $writer, qw(git cat-file --batch);
+	for my $id (keys(%$commits)) {
+		print $writer "$id\n";
+		my $line = <$reader>;
+		if ($line =~ /^([0-9a-f]{40}) commit (\d+)/) {
+			my ($cid, $len) = ($1, $2);
+			die "expected $id but got $cid\n" unless $id eq $cid;
+			my $data;
+			# cat-file emits newline after data, so read len+1
+			read $reader, $data, $len + 1;
+			parse_commit($commits->{$id}, $data);
+		}
+	}
+	close $reader;
+	close $writer;
+	waitpid($pid, 0);
+	die "git-cat-file error: $?\n" if $?;
+}
+
+sub get_blame {
+	my ($commits, $source, $from, $ranges) = @_;
+	return unless @$ranges;
+	open my $f, '-|',
+		qw(git blame --porcelain -C),
+		map({"-L$_->[0],+$_->[1]"} @$ranges),
+		'--since', $since, "$from^", '--', $source or die;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		if (/^([0-9a-f]{40}) \d+ \d+ \d+$/) {
+			my $id = $1;
+			$commits->{$id} = { id => $id, contacts => {} }
+				unless $seen{$id};
+			$seen{$id} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub blame_sources {
+	my ($sources, $commits) = @_;
+	for my $s (keys %$sources) {
+		for my $id (keys %{$sources->{$s}}) {
+			get_blame($commits, $s, $id, $sources->{$s}{$id});
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub scan_patches {
+	my ($sources, $id, $f) = @_;
+	my $source;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		if (/^From ([0-9a-f]{40}) Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001$/) {
+			$id = $1;
+			$seen{$id} = 1;
+		}
+		next unless $id;
+		if (m{^--- (?:a/(.+)|/dev/null)$}) {
+			$source = $1;
+		} elsif (/^@@ -(\d+)(?:,(\d+))?/ && $source) {
+			my $len = defined($2) ? $2 : 1;
+			push @{$sources->{$source}{$id}}, [$1, $len] if $len;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub scan_patch_file {
+	my ($commits, $file) = @_;
+	open my $f, '<', $file or die "read failure: $file: $!\n";
+	scan_patches($commits, undef, $f);
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub parse_rev_args {
+	my @args = @_;
+	open my $f, '-|',
+		qw(git rev-parse --revs-only --default HEAD --symbolic), @args
+		or die;
+	my @revs;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		chomp;
+		push @revs, $_;
+	}
+	close $f;
+	return @revs if scalar(@revs) != 1;
+	return "^$revs[0]", 'HEAD' unless $revs[0] =~ /^-/;
+	return $revs[0], 'HEAD';
+}
+
+sub scan_rev_args {
+	my ($commits, $args) = @_;
+	my @revs = parse_rev_args(@$args);
+	open my $f, '-|', qw(git rev-list --reverse), @revs or die;
+	while (<$f>) {
+		chomp;
+		my $id = $_;
+		$seen{$id} = 1;
+		open my $g, '-|', qw(git show -C --oneline), $id or die;
+		scan_patches($commits, $id, $g);
+		close $g;
+	}
+	close $f;
+}
+
+sub mailmap_contacts {
+	my ($contacts) = @_;
+	my %mapped;
+	my $pid = open2 my $reader, my $writer, qw(git check-mailmap --stdin);
+	for my $contact (keys(%$contacts)) {
+		print $writer "$contact\n";
+		my $canonical = <$reader>;
+		chomp $canonical;
+		$mapped{$canonical} += $contacts->{$contact};
+	}
+	close $reader;
+	close $writer;
+	waitpid($pid, 0);
+	die "git-check-mailmap error: $?\n" if $?;
+	return \%mapped;
+}
+
+if (!@ARGV) {
+	die "No input revisions or patch files\n";
+}
+
+my (@files, @rev_args);
+for (@ARGV) {
+	if (-e) {
+		push @files, $_;
+	} else {
+		push @rev_args, $_;
+	}
+}
+
+my %sources;
+for (@files) {
+	scan_patch_file(\%sources, $_);
+}
+if (@rev_args) {
+	scan_rev_args(\%sources, \@rev_args)
+}
+
+my $toplevel = `git rev-parse --show-toplevel`;
+chomp $toplevel;
+chdir($toplevel) or die "chdir failure: $toplevel: $!\n";
+
+my %commits;
+blame_sources(\%sources, \%commits);
+import_commits(\%commits);
+
+my $contacts = {};
+for my $commit (values %commits) {
+	for my $contact (keys %{$commit->{contacts}}) {
+		$contacts->{$contact}++;
+	}
+}
+$contacts = mailmap_contacts($contacts);
+
+my $ncommits = scalar(keys %commits);
+for my $contact (keys %$contacts) {
+	my $percent = $contacts->{$contact} * 100 / $ncommits;
+	next if $percent < $min_percent;
+	print "$contact\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd914d1261
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/contacts/git-contacts.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+git-contacts(1)
+===============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-contacts - List people who might be interested in a set of changes
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git contacts' (<patch>|<range>|<rev>)...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+
+Given a set of changes, specified as patch files or revisions, determine people
+who might be interested in those changes.  This is done by consulting the
+history of each patch or revision hunk to find people mentioned by commits
+which touched the lines of files under consideration.
+
+Input consists of one or more patch files or revision arguments.  A revision
+argument can be a range or a single `<rev>` which is interpreted as
+`<rev>..HEAD`, thus the same revision arguments are accepted as for
+linkgit:git-format-patch[1]. Patch files and revision arguments can be combined
+in the same invocation.
+
+This command can be useful for determining the list of people with whom to
+discuss proposed changes, or for finding the list of recipients to Cc: when
+submitting a patch series via `git send-email`. For the latter case, `git
+contacts` can be used as the argument to `git send-email`'s `--cc-cmd` option.
+
+
+DISCUSSION
+----------
+
+`git blame` is invoked for each hunk in a patch file or revision.  For each
+commit mentioned by `git blame`, the commit message is consulted for people who
+authored, reviewed, signed, acknowledged, or were Cc:'d.  Once the list of
+participants is known, each person's relevance is computed by considering how
+many commits mentioned that person compared with the total number of commits
+under consideration.  The final output consists only of participants who exceed
+a minimum threshold of participation.
+
+
+OUTPUT
+------
+
+For each person of interest, a single line is output, terminated by a newline.
+If the person's name is known, ``Name $$<user@host>$$'' is printed; otherwise
+only ``$$<user@host>$$'' is printed.
+
+
+EXAMPLES
+--------
+
+* Consult patch files:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts feature/*.patch
+------------
+
+* Revision range:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts R1..R2
+------------
+
+* From a single revision to `HEAD`:
++
+------------
+$ git contacts origin
+------------
+
+* Helper for `git send-email`:
++
+------------
+$ git send-email --cc-cmd='git contacts' feature/*.patch
+------------
+
+
+LIMITATIONS
+-----------
+
+Several conditions controlling a person's significance are currently
+hard-coded, such as minimum participation level (10%), blame date-limiting (5
+years), and `-C` level for detecting moved and copied lines (a single `-C`). In
+the future, these conditions may become configurable.
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/contrib/continuous/cidaemon b/contrib/continuous/cidaemon
deleted file mode 100644
index 4009a151de..0000000000
--- a/contrib/continuous/cidaemon
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,503 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-#
-# A daemon that waits for update events sent by its companion
-# post-receive-cinotify hook, checks out a new copy of source,
-# compiles it, and emails the guilty parties if the compile
-# (and optionally test suite) fails.
-#
-# To use this daemon, configure it and run it.  It will disconnect
-# from your terminal and fork into the background.  The daemon must
-# have local filesystem access to the source repositories, as it
-# uses objects/info/alternates to avoid copying objects.
-#
-# Add its companion post-receive-cinotify hook as the post-receive
-# hook to each repository that the daemon should monitor.  Yes, a
-# single daemon can monitor more than one repository.
-#
-# To use multiple daemons on the same system, give them each a
-# unique queue file and tmpdir.
-#
-# Global Config
-# -------------
-# Reads from a Git style configuration file.  This will be
-# ~/.gitconfig by default but can be overridden by setting
-# the GIT_CONFIG_FILE environment variable before starting.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpHost
-#   Hostname of the SMTP server the daemon will send email
-#   through.  Defaults to 'localhost'.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpUser
-#   Username to authenticate to the SMTP server as.  This
-#   variable is optional; if it is not supplied then no
-#   authentication will be performed.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpPassword
-#   Password to authenticate to the SMTP server as.  This
-#   variable is optional.  If not supplied but smtpUser was,
-#   the daemon prompts for the password before forking into
-#   the background.
-#
-# cidaemon.smtpAuth
-#   Type of authentication to perform with the SMTP server.
-#   If set to 'login' and smtpUser was defined, this will
-#   use the AUTH LOGIN command, which is suitable for use
-#   with at least one version of Microsoft Exchange Server.
-#   If not set the daemon will use whatever auth methods
-#   are supported by your version of Net::SMTP.
-#
-# cidaemon.email
-#   Email address that daemon generated emails will be sent
-#   from.  This should be a useful email address within your
-#   organization.  Required.
-#
-# cidaemon.name
-#   Human friendly name that the daemon will send emails as.
-#   Defaults to 'cidaemon'.
-#
-# cidaemon.scanDelay
-#   Number of seconds to sleep between polls of the queue file.
-#   Defaults to 60.
-#
-# cidaemon.recentCache
-#   Number of recent commit SHA-1s per repository to cache and
-#   skip building if they appear again.  This is useful to avoid
-#   rebuilding the same commit multiple times just because it was
-#   pushed into more than one branch.  Defaults to 100.
-#
-# cidaemon.tmpdir
-#   Scratch directory to create the builds within.  The daemon
-#   makes a new subdirectory for each build, then deletes it when
-#   the build has finished.  The pid file is also placed here.
-#   Defaults to '/tmp'.
-#
-# cidaemon.queue
-#   Path to the queue file that the post-receive-cinotify hook
-#   appends events to.  This file is polled by the daemon.  It
-#   must not be on an NFS mount (uses flock).  Required.
-#
-# cidaemon.nocc
-#   Perl regex patterns to match against author and committer
-#   lines.  If a pattern matches, that author or committer will
-#   not be notified of a build failure.
-#
-# Per Repository Config
-# ----------------------
-# Read from the source repository's config file.
-#
-# builder.command
-#   Shell command to execute the build.  This command must
-#   return 0 on "success" and non-zero on failure.  If you
-#   also want to run a test suite, make sure your command
-#   does that too.  Required.
-#
-# builder.queue
-#   Queue file to notify the cidaemon through.  Should match
-#   cidaemon.queue.  If not set the hook will not notify the
-#   cidaemon.
-#
-# builder.skip
-#   Perl regex patterns of refs that should not be sent to
-#   cidaemon.  Updates of these refs will be ignored.
-#
-# builder.newBranchBase
-#   Glob patterns of refs that should be used to form the
-#   'old' revions of a newly created ref.  This should set
-#   to be globs that match your 'mainline' branches.  This
-#   way a build failure of a brand new topic branch does not
-#   attempt to email everyone since the beginning of time;
-#   instead it only emails those authors of commits not in
-#   these 'mainline' branches.
-
-local $ENV{PATH} = join ':', qw(
-	/opt/git/bin
-	/usr/bin
-	/bin
-	);
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use FindBin qw($RealBin);
-use File::Spec;
-use lib File::Spec->catfile($RealBin, '..', 'perl5');
-use Storable qw(retrieve nstore);
-use Fcntl ':flock';
-use POSIX qw(strftime);
-use Getopt::Long qw(:config no_auto_abbrev auto_help);
-
-sub git_config ($;$)
-{
-	my $var = shift;
-	my $required = shift || 0;
-	local *GIT;
-	open GIT, '-|','git','config','--get',$var;
-	my $r = <GIT>;
-	chop $r if $r;
-	close GIT;
-	die "error: $var not set.\n" if ($required && !$r);
-	return $r;
-}
-
-package EXCHANGE_NET_SMTP;
-
-# Microsoft Exchange Server requires an 'AUTH LOGIN'
-# style of authentication.  This is different from
-# the default supported by Net::SMTP so we subclass
-# and override the auth method to support that.
-
-use Net::SMTP;
-use Net::Cmd;
-use MIME::Base64 qw(encode_base64);
-our @ISA = qw(Net::SMTP);
-our $auth_type = ::git_config 'cidaemon.smtpAuth';
-
-sub new
-{
-	my $self = shift;
-	my $type = ref($self) || $self;
-	$type->SUPER::new(@_);
-}
-
-sub auth
-{
-	my $self = shift;
-	return $self->SUPER::auth(@_) unless $auth_type eq 'login';
-
-	my $user = encode_base64 shift, '';
-	my $pass = encode_base64 shift, '';
-	return 0 unless CMD_MORE == $self->command("AUTH LOGIN")->response;
-	return 0 unless CMD_MORE == $self->command($user)->response;
-	CMD_OK == $self->command($pass)->response;
-}
-
-package main;
-
-my ($debug_flag, %recent);
-
-my $ex_host = git_config('cidaemon.smtpHost') || 'localhost';
-my $ex_user = git_config('cidaemon.smtpUser');
-my $ex_pass = git_config('cidaemon.smtpPassword');
-
-my $ex_from_addr = git_config('cidaemon.email', 1);
-my $ex_from_name = git_config('cidaemon.name') || 'cidaemon';
-
-my $scan_delay = git_config('cidaemon.scanDelay') || 60;
-my $recent_size = git_config('cidaemon.recentCache') || 100;
-my $tmpdir = git_config('cidaemon.tmpdir') || '/tmp';
-my $queue_name = git_config('cidaemon.queue', 1);
-my $queue_lock = "$queue_name.lock";
-
-my @nocc_list;
-open GIT,'git config --get-all cidaemon.nocc|';
-while (<GIT>) {
-	chop;
-	push @nocc_list, $_;
-}
-close GIT;
-
-sub nocc_author ($)
-{
-	local $_ = shift;
-	foreach my $pat (@nocc_list) {
-		return 1 if /$pat/;
-	}
-	0;
-}
-
-sub input_echo ($)
-{
-	my $prompt = shift;
-
-	local $| = 1;
-	print $prompt;
-	my $input = <STDIN>;
-	chop $input;
-	return $input;
-}
-
-sub input_noecho ($)
-{
-	my $prompt = shift;
-
-	my $end = sub {system('stty','echo');print "\n";exit};
-	local $SIG{TERM} = $end;
-	local $SIG{INT} = $end;
-	system('stty','-echo');
-
-	local $| = 1;
-	print $prompt;
-	my $input = <STDIN>;
-	system('stty','echo');
-	print "\n";
-	chop $input;
-	return $input;
-}
-
-sub rfc2822_date ()
-{
-	 strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %Z", localtime);
-}
-
-sub send_email ($$$)
-{
-	my ($subj, $body, $to) = @_;
-	my $now = rfc2822_date;
-	my $to_str = '';
-	my @rcpt_to;
-	foreach (@$to) {
-		my $s = $_;
-		$s =~ s/^/"/;
-		$s =~ s/(\s+<)/"$1/;
-		$to_str .= ', ' if $to_str;
-		$to_str .= $s;
-		push @rcpt_to, $1 if $s =~ /<(.*)>/;
-	}
-	die "Nobody to send to.\n" unless @rcpt_to;
-	my $msg = <<EOF;
-From: "$ex_from_name" <$ex_from_addr>
-To: $to_str
-Date: $now
-Subject: $subj
-
-$body
-EOF
-
-	my $smtp = EXCHANGE_NET_SMTP->new(Host => $ex_host)
-		or die "Cannot connect to $ex_host: $!\n";
-	if ($ex_user && $ex_pass) {
-		$smtp->auth($ex_user,$ex_pass)
-			or die "$ex_host rejected $ex_user\n";
-	}
-	$smtp->mail($ex_from_addr)
-		or die "$ex_host rejected $ex_from_addr\n";
-	scalar($smtp->recipient(@rcpt_to, { SkipBad => 1 }))
-		or die "$ex_host did not accept any addresses.\n";
-	$smtp->data($msg)
-		or die "$ex_host rejected message data\n";
-	$smtp->quit;
-}
-
-sub pop_queue ()
-{
-	open LOCK, ">$queue_lock" or die "Can't open $queue_lock: $!";
-	flock LOCK, LOCK_EX;
-
-	my $queue = -f $queue_name ? retrieve $queue_name : [];
-	my $ent = shift @$queue;
-	nstore $queue, $queue_name;
-
-	flock LOCK, LOCK_UN;
-	close LOCK;
-	$ent;
-}
-
-sub git_exec (@)
-{
-	system('git',@_) == 0 or die "Cannot git " . join(' ', @_) . "\n";
-}
-
-sub git_val (@)
-{
-	open(C, '-|','git',@_);
-	my $r = <C>;
-	chop $r if $r;
-	close C;
-	$r;
-}
-
-sub do_build ($$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $new) = @_;
-
-	my $tmp = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, "builder$$");
-	system('rm','-rf',$tmp) == 0 or die "Cannot clear $tmp\n";
-	die "Cannot clear $tmp.\n" if -e $tmp;
-
-	my $result = 1;
-	eval {
-		my $command;
-		{
-			local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-			$command = git_val 'config','builder.command';
-		}
-		die "No builder.command for $git_dir.\n" unless $command;
-
-		git_exec 'clone','-n','-l','-s',$git_dir,$tmp;
-		chmod 0700, $tmp or die "Cannot lock $tmp\n";
-		chdir $tmp or die "Cannot enter $tmp\n";
-
-		git_exec 'update-ref','HEAD',$new;
-		git_exec 'read-tree','-m','-u','HEAD','HEAD';
-		system $command;
-		if ($? == -1) {
-			print STDERR "failed to execute '$command': $!\n";
-			$result = 1;
-		} elsif ($? & 127) {
-			my $sig = $? & 127;
-			print STDERR "'$command' died from signal $sig\n";
-			$result = 1;
-		} else {
-			my $r = $? >> 8;
-			print STDERR "'$command' exited with $r\n" if $r;
-			$result = $r;
-		}
-	};
-	if ($@) {
-		$result = 2;
-		print STDERR "$@\n";
-	}
-
-	chdir '/';
-	system('rm','-rf',$tmp);
-	rmdir $tmp;
-	$result;
-}
-
-sub build_failed ($$$$$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new, $msg) = @_;
-
-	$git_dir =~ m,/([^/]+)$,;
-	my $repo_name = $1;
-	$ref =~ s,^refs/(heads|tags)/,,;
-
-	my %authors;
-	my $shortlog;
-	my $revstr;
-	{
-		local $ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-		my @revs = ($new);
-		push @revs, '--not', @$old if @$old;
-		open LOG,'-|','git','rev-list','--pretty=raw',@revs;
-		while (<LOG>) {
-			if (s/^(author|committer) //) {
-				chomp;
-				s/>.*$/>/;
-				$authors{$_} = 1 unless nocc_author $_;
-			}
-		}
-		close LOG;
-		open LOG,'-|','git','shortlog',@revs;
-		$shortlog .= $_ while <LOG>;
-		close LOG;
-		$revstr = join(' ', @revs);
-	}
-
-	my @to = sort keys %authors;
-	unless (@to) {
-		print STDERR "error: No authors in $revstr\n";
-		return;
-	}
-
-	my $subject = "[$repo_name] $ref : Build Failed";
-	my $body = <<EOF;
-Project: $git_dir
-Branch:  $ref
-Commits: $revstr
-
-$shortlog
-Build Output:
---------------------------------------------------------------
-$msg
-EOF
-	send_email($subject, $body, \@to);
-}
-
-sub run_build ($$$$)
-{
-	my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new) = @_;
-
-	if ($debug_flag) {
-		my @revs = ($new);
-		push @revs, '--not', @$old if @$old;
-		print "BUILDING $git_dir\n";
-		print "  BRANCH: $ref\n";
-		print "  COMMITS: ", join(' ', @revs), "\n";
-	}
-
-	local(*R, *W);
-	pipe R, W or die "cannot pipe builder: $!";
-
-	my $builder = fork();
-	if (!defined $builder) {
-		die "cannot fork builder: $!";
-	} elsif (0 == $builder) {
-		close R;
-		close STDIN;open(STDIN, '/dev/null');
-		open(STDOUT, '>&W');
-		open(STDERR, '>&W');
-		exit do_build $git_dir, $new;
-	} else {
-		close W;
-		my $out = '';
-		$out .= $_ while <R>;
-		close R;
-		waitpid $builder, 0;
-		build_failed $git_dir, $ref, $old, $new, $out if $?;
-	}
-
-	print "DONE\n\n" if $debug_flag;
-}
-
-sub daemon_loop ()
-{
-	my $run = 1;
-	my $stop_sub = sub {$run = 0};
-	$SIG{HUP} = $stop_sub;
-	$SIG{INT} = $stop_sub;
-	$SIG{TERM} = $stop_sub;
-
-	mkdir $tmpdir, 0755;
-	my $pidfile = File::Spec->catfile($tmpdir, "cidaemon.pid");
-	open(O, ">$pidfile"); print O "$$\n"; close O;
-
-	while ($run) {
-		my $ent = pop_queue;
-		if ($ent) {
-			my ($git_dir, $ref, $old, $new) = @$ent;
-
-			$ent = $recent{$git_dir};
-			$recent{$git_dir} = $ent = [[], {}] unless $ent;
-			my ($rec_arr, $rec_hash) = @$ent;
-			next if $rec_hash->{$new}++;
-			while (@$rec_arr >= $recent_size) {
-				my $to_kill = shift @$rec_arr;
-				delete $rec_hash->{$to_kill};
-			}
-			push @$rec_arr, $new;
-
-			run_build $git_dir, $ref, $old, $new;
-		} else {
-			sleep $scan_delay;
-		}
-	}
-
-	unlink $pidfile;
-}
-
-$debug_flag = 0;
-GetOptions(
-	'debug|d' => \$debug_flag,
-	'smtp-user=s' => \$ex_user,
-) or die "usage: $0 [--debug] [--smtp-user=user]\n";
-
-$ex_pass = input_noecho("$ex_user SMTP password: ")
-	if ($ex_user && !$ex_pass);
-
-if ($debug_flag) {
-	daemon_loop;
-	exit 0;
-}
-
-my $daemon = fork();
-if (!defined $daemon) {
-	die "cannot fork daemon: $!";
-} elsif (0 == $daemon) {
-	close STDIN;open(STDIN, '/dev/null');
-	close STDOUT;open(STDOUT, '>/dev/null');
-	close STDERR;open(STDERR, '>/dev/null');
-	daemon_loop;
-	exit 0;
-} else {
-	print "Daemon $daemon running in the background.\n";
-}
diff --git a/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify b/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify
deleted file mode 100644
index b8f5a609af..0000000000
--- a/contrib/continuous/post-receive-cinotify
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-#
-# A hook that notifies its companion cidaemon through a simple
-# queue file that a ref has been updated via a push (actually
-# by a receive-pack running on the server).
-#
-# See cidaemon for per-repository configuration details.
-#
-# To use this hook, add it as the post-receive hook, make it
-# executable, and set its configuration options.
-#
-
-local $ENV{PATH} = '/opt/git/bin';
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use File::Spec;
-use Storable qw(retrieve nstore);
-use Fcntl ':flock';
-
-my $git_dir = File::Spec->rel2abs($ENV{GIT_DIR});
-my $queue_name = `git config --get builder.queue`;chop $queue_name;
-$queue_name =~ m,^([^\s]+)$,; $queue_name = $1; # untaint
-unless ($queue_name) {
-	1 while <STDIN>;
-	print STDERR "\nerror: builder.queue not set.  Not enqueing.\n\n";
-	exit;
-}
-my $queue_lock = "$queue_name.lock";
-
-my @skip;
-open S, "git config --get-all builder.skip|";
-while (<S>) {
-	chop;
-	push @skip, $_;
-}
-close S;
-
-my @new_branch_base;
-open S, "git config --get-all builder.newBranchBase|";
-while (<S>) {
-	chop;
-	push @new_branch_base, $_;
-}
-close S;
-
-sub skip ($)
-{
-	local $_ = shift;
-	foreach my $p (@skip) {
-		return 1 if /^$p/;
-	}
-	0;
-}
-
-open LOCK, ">$queue_lock" or die "Can't open $queue_lock: $!";
-flock LOCK, LOCK_EX;
-
-my $queue = -f $queue_name ? retrieve $queue_name : [];
-my %existing;
-foreach my $r (@$queue) {
-	my ($gd, $ref) = @$r;
-	$existing{$gd}{$ref} = $r;
-}
-
-my @new_branch_commits;
-my $loaded_new_branch_commits = 0;
-
-while (<STDIN>) {
-	chop;
-	my ($old, $new, $ref) = split / /, $_, 3;
-
-	next if $old eq $new;
-	next if $new =~ /^0{40}$/;
-	next if skip $ref;
-
-	my $r = $existing{$git_dir}{$ref};
-	if ($r) {
-		$r->[3] = $new;
-	} else {
-		if ($old =~ /^0{40}$/) {
-			if (!$loaded_new_branch_commits && @new_branch_base) {
-				open M,'-|','git','show-ref',@new_branch_base;
-				while (<M>) {
-					($_) = split / /, $_;
-					push @new_branch_commits, $_;
-				}
-				close M;
-				$loaded_new_branch_commits = 1;
-			}
-			$old = [@new_branch_commits];
-		} else {
-			$old = [$old];
-		}
-
-		$r = [$git_dir, $ref, $old, $new];
-		$existing{$git_dir}{$ref} = $r;
-		push @$queue, $r;
-	}
-}
-nstore $queue, $queue_name;
-
-flock LOCK, LOCK_UN;
-close LOCK;
diff --git a/contrib/convert-grafts-to-replace-refs.sh b/contrib/convert-grafts-to-replace-refs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0cbc917b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/convert-grafts-to-replace-refs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# You should execute this script in the repository where you
+# want to convert grafts to replace refs.
+
+GRAFTS_FILE="${GIT_DIR:-.git}/info/grafts"
+
+. $(git --exec-path)/git-sh-setup
+
+test -f "$GRAFTS_FILE" || die "Could not find graft file: '$GRAFTS_FILE'"
+
+grep '^[^# ]' "$GRAFTS_FILE" |
+while read definition
+do
+	if test -n "$definition"
+	then
+		echo "Converting: $definition"
+		git replace --graft $definition ||
+			die "Conversion failed for: $definition"
+	fi
+done
+
+mv "$GRAFTS_FILE" "$GRAFTS_FILE.bak" ||
+	die "Could not rename '$GRAFTS_FILE' to '$GRAFTS_FILE.bak'"
+
+echo "Success!"
+echo "All the grafts in '$GRAFTS_FILE' have been converted to replace refs!"
+echo "The grafts file '$GRAFTS_FILE' has been renamed: '$GRAFTS_FILE.bak'"
diff --git a/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt b/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt
index 0565d83fc4..f871880cfb 100644
--- a/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt
+++ b/contrib/convert-objects/git-convert-objects.txt
@@ -26,4 +26,4 @@ Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel
 
 GIT
 ---
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
+Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/.gitignore b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88d8fcdbce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+git-credential-gnome-keyring
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3c7c98aa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+MAIN:=git-credential-gnome-keyring
+all:: $(MAIN)
+
+CC = gcc
+RM = rm -f
+CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+INCS:=$(shell pkg-config --cflags gnome-keyring-1 glib-2.0)
+LIBS:=$(shell pkg-config --libs gnome-keyring-1 glib-2.0)
+
+SRCS:=$(MAIN).c
+OBJS:=$(SRCS:.c=.o)
+
+%.o: %.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(INCS) -o $@ -c $<
+
+$(MAIN): $(OBJS)
+	$(CC) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $^ $(LIBS)
+
+clean:
+	@$(RM) $(MAIN) $(OBJS)
diff --git a/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a317fca44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/gnome-keyring/git-credential-gnome-keyring.c
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 John Szakmeister <john@szakmeister.net>
+ *               2012 Philipp A. Hartmann <pah@qo.cx>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Credits:
+ * - GNOME Keyring API handling originally written by John Szakmeister
+ * - ported to credential helper API by Philipp A. Hartmann
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <glib.h>
+#include <gnome-keyring.h>
+
+#ifdef GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT
+
+   /* Modern gnome-keyring */
+
+#include <gnome-keyring-memory.h>
+
+#else
+
+   /*
+    * Support ancient gnome-keyring, circ. RHEL 5.X.
+    * GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT seems to have been introduced with Gnome 2.22,
+    * and the other features roughly around Gnome 2.20, 6 months before.
+    * Ubuntu 8.04 used Gnome 2.22 (I think).  Not sure any distro used 2.20.
+    * So the existence/non-existence of GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT seems like
+    * a decent thing to use as an indicator.
+    */
+
+#define GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT NULL
+
+/*
+ * ancient gnome-keyring returns DENIED when an entry is not found.
+ * Setting NO_MATCH to DENIED will prevent us from reporting DENIED
+ * errors during get and erase operations, but we will still report
+ * DENIED errors during a store.
+ */
+#define GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_DENIED
+
+#define gnome_keyring_memory_alloc g_malloc
+#define gnome_keyring_memory_free gnome_keyring_free_password
+#define gnome_keyring_memory_strdup g_strdup
+
+static const char *gnome_keyring_result_to_message(GnomeKeyringResult result)
+{
+	switch (result) {
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK:
+		return "OK";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_DENIED:
+		return "Denied";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_KEYRING_DAEMON:
+		return "No Keyring Daemon";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_ALREADY_UNLOCKED:
+		return "Already UnLocked";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_SUCH_KEYRING:
+		return "No Such Keyring";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_BAD_ARGUMENTS:
+		return "Bad Arguments";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_IO_ERROR:
+		return "IO Error";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED:
+		return "Cancelled";
+	case GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		return "Already Exists";
+	default:
+		return "Unknown Error";
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Support really ancient gnome-keyring, circ. RHEL 4.X.
+ * Just a guess for the Glib version.  Glib 2.8 was roughly Gnome 2.12 ?
+ * Which was released with gnome-keyring 0.4.3 ??
+ */
+#if GLIB_MAJOR_VERSION == 2 && GLIB_MINOR_VERSION < 8
+
+static void gnome_keyring_done_cb(GnomeKeyringResult result, gpointer user_data)
+{
+	gpointer *data = (gpointer *)user_data;
+	int *done = (int *)data[0];
+	GnomeKeyringResult *r = (GnomeKeyringResult *)data[1];
+
+	*r = result;
+	*done = 1;
+}
+
+static void wait_for_request_completion(int *done)
+{
+	GMainContext *mc = g_main_context_default();
+	while (!*done)
+		g_main_context_iteration(mc, TRUE);
+}
+
+static GnomeKeyringResult gnome_keyring_item_delete_sync(const char *keyring, guint32 id)
+{
+	int done = 0;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+	gpointer data[] = { &done, &result };
+
+	gnome_keyring_item_delete(keyring, id, gnome_keyring_done_cb, data,
+		NULL);
+
+	wait_for_request_completion(&done);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * This credential struct and API is simplified from git's credential.{h,c}
+ */
+struct credential {
+	char *protocol;
+	char *host;
+	unsigned short port;
+	char *path;
+	char *username;
+	char *password;
+};
+
+#define CREDENTIAL_INIT { NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL }
+
+typedef int (*credential_op_cb)(struct credential *);
+
+struct credential_operation {
+	char *name;
+	credential_op_cb op;
+};
+
+#define CREDENTIAL_OP_END { NULL, NULL }
+
+/* ----------------- GNOME Keyring functions ----------------- */
+
+/* create a special keyring option string, if path is given */
+static char *keyring_object(struct credential *c)
+{
+	if (!c->path)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (c->port)
+		return g_strdup_printf("%s:%hd/%s", c->host, c->port, c->path);
+
+	return g_strdup_printf("%s/%s", c->host, c->path);
+}
+
+static int keyring_get(struct credential *c)
+{
+	char *object = NULL;
+	GList *entries;
+	GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *password_data;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+
+	if (!c->protocol || !(c->host || c->path))
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+	object = keyring_object(c);
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_find_network_password_sync(
+				c->username,
+				NULL /* domain */,
+				c->host,
+				object,
+				c->protocol,
+				NULL /* authtype */,
+				c->port,
+				&entries);
+
+	g_free(object);
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK) {
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	/* pick the first one from the list */
+	password_data = (GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *)entries->data;
+
+	gnome_keyring_memory_free(c->password);
+	c->password = gnome_keyring_memory_strdup(password_data->password);
+
+	if (!c->username)
+		c->username = g_strdup(password_data->user);
+
+	gnome_keyring_network_password_list_free(entries);
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+static int keyring_store(struct credential *c)
+{
+	guint32 item_id;
+	char *object = NULL;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sanity check that what we are storing is actually sensible.
+	 * In particular, we can't make a URL without a protocol field.
+	 * Without either a host or pathname (depending on the scheme),
+	 * we have no primary key. And without a username and password,
+	 * we are not actually storing a credential.
+	 */
+	if (!c->protocol || !(c->host || c->path) ||
+	    !c->username || !c->password)
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+	object = keyring_object(c);
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_set_network_password_sync(
+				GNOME_KEYRING_DEFAULT,
+				c->username,
+				NULL /* domain */,
+				c->host,
+				object,
+				c->protocol,
+				NULL /* authtype */,
+				c->port,
+				c->password,
+				&item_id);
+
+	g_free(object);
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK &&
+	    result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED) {
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int keyring_erase(struct credential *c)
+{
+	char *object = NULL;
+	GList *entries;
+	GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *password_data;
+	GnomeKeyringResult result;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sanity check that we actually have something to match
+	 * against. The input we get is a restrictive pattern,
+	 * so technically a blank credential means "erase everything".
+	 * But it is too easy to accidentally send this, since it is equivalent
+	 * to empty input. So explicitly disallow it, and require that the
+	 * pattern have some actual content to match.
+	 */
+	if (!c->protocol && !c->host && !c->path && !c->username)
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+	object = keyring_object(c);
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_find_network_password_sync(
+				c->username,
+				NULL /* domain */,
+				c->host,
+				object,
+				c->protocol,
+				NULL /* authtype */,
+				c->port,
+				&entries);
+
+	g_free(object);
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_NO_MATCH)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result == GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_CANCELLED)
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK) {
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	/* pick the first one from the list (delete all matches?) */
+	password_data = (GnomeKeyringNetworkPasswordData *)entries->data;
+
+	result = gnome_keyring_item_delete_sync(
+		password_data->keyring, password_data->item_id);
+
+	gnome_keyring_network_password_list_free(entries);
+
+	if (result != GNOME_KEYRING_RESULT_OK) {
+		g_critical("%s", gnome_keyring_result_to_message(result));
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Table with helper operation callbacks, used by generic
+ * credential helper main function.
+ */
+static struct credential_operation const credential_helper_ops[] = {
+	{ "get",   keyring_get },
+	{ "store", keyring_store },
+	{ "erase", keyring_erase },
+	CREDENTIAL_OP_END
+};
+
+/* ------------------ credential functions ------------------ */
+
+static void credential_init(struct credential *c)
+{
+	memset(c, 0, sizeof(*c));
+}
+
+static void credential_clear(struct credential *c)
+{
+	g_free(c->protocol);
+	g_free(c->host);
+	g_free(c->path);
+	g_free(c->username);
+	gnome_keyring_memory_free(c->password);
+
+	credential_init(c);
+}
+
+static int credential_read(struct credential *c)
+{
+	char *buf;
+	size_t line_len;
+	char *key;
+	char *value;
+
+	key = buf = gnome_keyring_memory_alloc(1024);
+
+	while (fgets(buf, 1024, stdin)) {
+		line_len = strlen(buf);
+
+		if (line_len && buf[line_len-1] == '\n')
+			buf[--line_len] = '\0';
+
+		if (!line_len)
+			break;
+
+		value = strchr(buf, '=');
+		if (!value) {
+			g_warning("invalid credential line: %s", key);
+			gnome_keyring_memory_free(buf);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		*value++ = '\0';
+
+		if (!strcmp(key, "protocol")) {
+			g_free(c->protocol);
+			c->protocol = g_strdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "host")) {
+			g_free(c->host);
+			c->host = g_strdup(value);
+			value = strrchr(c->host, ':');
+			if (value) {
+				*value++ = '\0';
+				c->port = atoi(value);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
+			g_free(c->path);
+			c->path = g_strdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "username")) {
+			g_free(c->username);
+			c->username = g_strdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "password")) {
+			gnome_keyring_memory_free(c->password);
+			c->password = gnome_keyring_memory_strdup(value);
+			while (*value)
+				*value++ = '\0';
+		}
+		/*
+		 * Ignore other lines; we don't know what they mean, but
+		 * this future-proofs us when later versions of git do
+		 * learn new lines, and the helpers are updated to match.
+		 */
+	}
+
+	gnome_keyring_memory_free(buf);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void credential_write_item(FILE *fp, const char *key, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return;
+	fprintf(fp, "%s=%s\n", key, value);
+}
+
+static void credential_write(const struct credential *c)
+{
+	/* only write username/password, if set */
+	credential_write_item(stdout, "username", c->username);
+	credential_write_item(stdout, "password", c->password);
+}
+
+static void usage(const char *name)
+{
+	struct credential_operation const *try_op = credential_helper_ops;
+	const char *basename = strrchr(name, '/');
+
+	basename = (basename) ? basename + 1 : name;
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <", basename);
+	while (try_op->name) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s", (try_op++)->name);
+		if (try_op->name)
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s", "|");
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s", ">\n");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int ret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+	struct credential_operation const *try_op = credential_helper_ops;
+	struct credential cred = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+
+	if (!argv[1]) {
+		usage(argv[0]);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	g_set_application_name("Git Credential Helper");
+
+	/* lookup operation callback */
+	while (try_op->name && strcmp(argv[1], try_op->name))
+		try_op++;
+
+	/* unsupported operation given -- ignore silently */
+	if (!try_op->name || !try_op->op)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = credential_read(&cred);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* perform credential operation */
+	ret = (*try_op->op)(&cred);
+
+	credential_write(&cred);
+
+out:
+	credential_clear(&cred);
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile b/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..51b76138a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+test:
+	./test.pl
+
+testverbose:
+	./test.pl -d -v
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc b/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1571a7b269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/git-credential-netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Basename;
+
+my $VERSION = "0.1";
+
+my %options = (
+	       help => 0,
+	       debug => 0,
+	       verbose => 0,
+	       insecure => 0,
+	       file => [],
+
+	       # identical token maps, e.g. host -> host, will be inserted later
+	       tmap => {
+			port => 'protocol',
+			machine => 'host',
+			path => 'path',
+			login => 'username',
+			user => 'username',
+			password => 'password',
+		       }
+	      );
+
+# Map each credential protocol token to itself on the netrc side.
+foreach (values %{$options{tmap}}) {
+	$options{tmap}->{$_} = $_;
+}
+
+# Now, $options{tmap} has a mapping from the netrc format to the Git credential
+# helper protocol.
+
+# Next, we build the reverse token map.
+
+# When $rmap{foo} contains 'bar', that means that what the Git credential helper
+# protocol calls 'bar' is found as 'foo' in the netrc/authinfo file.  Keys in
+# %rmap are what we expect to read from the netrc/authinfo file.
+
+my %rmap;
+foreach my $k (keys %{$options{tmap}}) {
+	push @{$rmap{$options{tmap}->{$k}}}, $k;
+}
+
+Getopt::Long::Configure("bundling");
+
+# TODO: maybe allow the token map $options{tmap} to be configurable.
+GetOptions(\%options,
+           "help|h",
+           "debug|d",
+           "insecure|k",
+           "verbose|v",
+           "file|f=s@",
+          );
+
+if ($options{help}) {
+	my $shortname = basename($0);
+	$shortname =~ s/git-credential-//;
+
+	print <<EOHIPPUS;
+
+$0 [-f AUTHFILE1] [-f AUTHFILEN] [-d] [-v] [-k] get
+
+Version $VERSION by tzz\@lifelogs.com.  License: BSD.
+
+Options:
+
+  -f|--file AUTHFILE : specify netrc-style files.  Files with the .gpg extension
+                       will be decrypted by GPG before parsing.  Multiple -f
+                       arguments are OK.  They are processed in order, and the
+                       first matching entry found is returned via the credential
+                       helper protocol (see below).
+
+                       When no -f option is given, .authinfo.gpg, .netrc.gpg,
+		       .authinfo, and .netrc files in your home directory are used
+		       in this order.
+
+  -k|--insecure      : ignore bad file ownership or permissions
+
+  -d|--debug         : turn on debugging (developer info)
+
+  -v|--verbose       : be more verbose (show files and information found)
+
+To enable this credential helper:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE1 -f AUTHFILE2'
+
+(Note that Git will prepend "git-credential-" to the helper name and look for it
+in the path.)
+
+...and if you want lots of debugging info:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE -d'
+
+...or to see the files opened and data found:
+
+  git config credential.helper '$shortname -f AUTHFILE -v'
+
+Only "get" mode is supported by this credential helper.  It opens every AUTHFILE
+and looks for the first entry that matches the requested search criteria:
+
+ 'port|protocol':
+   The protocol that will be used (e.g., https). (protocol=X)
+
+ 'machine|host':
+   The remote hostname for a network credential. (host=X)
+
+ 'path':
+   The path with which the credential will be used. (path=X)
+
+ 'login|user|username':
+   The credential’s username, if we already have one. (username=X)
+
+Thus, when we get this query on STDIN:
+
+host=github.com
+protocol=https
+username=tzz
+
+this credential helper will look for the first entry in every AUTHFILE that
+matches
+
+machine github.com port https login tzz
+
+OR
+
+machine github.com protocol https login tzz
+
+OR... etc. acceptable tokens as listed above.  Any unknown tokens are
+simply ignored.
+
+Then, the helper will print out whatever tokens it got from the entry, including
+"password" tokens, mapping back to Git's helper protocol; e.g. "port" is mapped
+back to "protocol".  Any redundant entry tokens (part of the original query) are
+skipped.
+
+Again, note that only the first matching entry from all the AUTHFILEs, processed
+in the sequence given on the command line, is used.
+
+Netrc/authinfo tokens can be quoted as 'STRING' or "STRING".
+
+No caching is performed by this credential helper.
+
+EOHIPPUS
+
+	exit 0;
+}
+
+my $mode = shift @ARGV;
+
+# Credentials must get a parameter, so die if it's missing.
+die "Syntax: $0 [-f AUTHFILE1] [-f AUTHFILEN] [-d] get" unless defined $mode;
+
+# Only support 'get' mode; with any other unsupported ones we just exit.
+exit 0 unless $mode eq 'get';
+
+my $files = $options{file};
+
+# if no files were given, use a predefined list.
+# note that .gpg files come first
+unless (scalar @$files) {
+	my @candidates = qw[
+				   ~/.authinfo.gpg
+				   ~/.netrc.gpg
+				   ~/.authinfo
+				   ~/.netrc
+			  ];
+
+	$files = $options{file} = [ map { glob $_ } @candidates ];
+}
+
+my $query = read_credential_data_from_stdin();
+
+FILE:
+foreach my $file (@$files) {
+	my $gpgmode = $file =~ m/\.gpg$/;
+	unless (-r $file) {
+		log_verbose("Unable to read $file; skipping it");
+		next FILE;
+	}
+
+	# the following check is copied from Net::Netrc, for non-GPG files
+	# OS/2 and Win32 do not handle stat in a way compatible with this check :-(
+	unless ($gpgmode || $options{insecure} ||
+		$^O eq 'os2'
+		|| $^O eq 'MSWin32'
+		|| $^O eq 'MacOS'
+		|| $^O =~ /^cygwin/) {
+		my @stat = stat($file);
+
+		if (@stat) {
+			if ($stat[2] & 077) {
+				log_verbose("Insecure $file (mode=%04o); skipping it",
+					    $stat[2] & 07777);
+				next FILE;
+			}
+
+			if ($stat[4] != $<) {
+				log_verbose("Not owner of $file; skipping it");
+				next FILE;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	my @entries = load_netrc($file, $gpgmode);
+
+	unless (scalar @entries) {
+		if ($!) {
+			log_verbose("Unable to open $file: $!");
+		} else {
+			log_verbose("No netrc entries found in $file");
+		}
+
+		next FILE;
+	}
+
+	my $entry = find_netrc_entry($query, @entries);
+	if ($entry) {
+		print_credential_data($entry, $query);
+		# we're done!
+		last FILE;
+	}
+}
+
+exit 0;
+
+sub load_netrc {
+	my $file = shift @_;
+	my $gpgmode = shift @_;
+
+	my $io;
+	if ($gpgmode) {
+		my @cmd = (qw(gpg --decrypt), $file);
+		log_verbose("Using GPG to open $file: [@cmd]");
+		open $io, "-|", @cmd;
+	} else {
+		log_verbose("Opening $file...");
+		open $io, '<', $file;
+	}
+
+	# nothing to do if the open failed (we log the error later)
+	return unless $io;
+
+	# Net::Netrc does this, but the functionality is merged with the file
+	# detection logic, so we have to extract just the part we need
+	my @netrc_entries = net_netrc_loader($io);
+
+	# these entries will use the credential helper protocol token names
+	my @entries;
+
+	foreach my $nentry (@netrc_entries) {
+		my %entry;
+		my $num_port;
+
+		if (!defined $nentry->{machine}) {
+			next;
+		}
+		if (defined $nentry->{port} && $nentry->{port} =~ m/^\d+$/) {
+			$num_port = $nentry->{port};
+			delete $nentry->{port};
+		}
+
+		# create the new entry for the credential helper protocol
+		$entry{$options{tmap}->{$_}} = $nentry->{$_} foreach keys %$nentry;
+
+		# for "host X port Y" where Y is an integer (captured by
+		# $num_port above), set the host to "X:Y"
+		if (defined $entry{host} && defined $num_port) {
+			$entry{host} = join(':', $entry{host}, $num_port);
+		}
+
+		push @entries, \%entry;
+	}
+
+	return @entries;
+}
+
+sub net_netrc_loader {
+	my $fh = shift @_;
+	my @entries;
+	my ($mach, $macdef, $tok, @tok);
+
+    LINE:
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		undef $macdef if /\A\n\Z/;
+
+		if ($macdef) {
+			next LINE;
+		}
+
+		s/^\s*//;
+		chomp;
+
+		while (length && s/^("((?:[^"]+|\\.)*)"|((?:[^\\\s]+|\\.)*))\s*//) {
+			(my $tok = $+) =~ s/\\(.)/$1/g;
+			push(@tok, $tok);
+		}
+
+	    TOKEN:
+		while (@tok) {
+			if ($tok[0] eq "default") {
+				shift(@tok);
+				$mach = { machine => undef };
+				next TOKEN;
+			}
+
+			$tok = shift(@tok);
+
+			if ($tok eq "machine") {
+				my $host = shift @tok;
+				$mach = { machine => $host };
+				push @entries, $mach;
+			} elsif (exists $options{tmap}->{$tok}) {
+				unless ($mach) {
+					log_debug("Skipping token $tok because no machine was given");
+					next TOKEN;
+				}
+
+				my $value = shift @tok;
+				unless (defined $value) {
+					log_debug("Token $tok had no value, skipping it.");
+					next TOKEN;
+				}
+
+				# Following line added by rmerrell to remove '/' escape char in .netrc
+				$value =~ s/\/\\/\\/g;
+				$mach->{$tok} = $value;
+			} elsif ($tok eq "macdef") { # we ignore macros
+				next TOKEN unless $mach;
+				my $value = shift @tok;
+				$macdef = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return @entries;
+}
+
+sub read_credential_data_from_stdin {
+	# the query: start with every token with no value
+	my %q = map { $_ => undef } values(%{$options{tmap}});
+
+	while (<STDIN>) {
+		next unless m/^([^=]+)=(.+)/;
+
+		my ($token, $value) = ($1, $2);
+		die "Unknown search token $token" unless exists $q{$token};
+		$q{$token} = $value;
+		log_debug("We were given search token $token and value $value");
+	}
+
+	foreach (sort keys %q) {
+		log_debug("Searching for %s = %s", $_, $q{$_} || '(any value)');
+	}
+
+	return \%q;
+}
+
+# takes the search tokens and then a list of entries
+# each entry is a hash reference
+sub find_netrc_entry {
+	my $query = shift @_;
+
+    ENTRY:
+	foreach my $entry (@_)
+	{
+		my $entry_text = join ', ', map { "$_=$entry->{$_}" } keys %$entry;
+		foreach my $check (sort keys %$query) {
+			if (!defined $entry->{$check}) {
+			        log_debug("OK: entry has no $check token, so any value satisfies check $check");
+			} elsif (defined $query->{$check}) {
+				log_debug("compare %s [%s] to [%s] (entry: %s)",
+					  $check,
+					  $entry->{$check},
+					  $query->{$check},
+					  $entry_text);
+				unless ($query->{$check} eq $entry->{$check}) {
+					next ENTRY;
+				}
+			} else {
+				log_debug("OK: any value satisfies check $check");
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $entry;
+	}
+
+	# nothing was found
+	return;
+}
+
+sub print_credential_data {
+	my $entry = shift @_;
+	my $query = shift @_;
+
+	log_debug("entry has passed all the search checks");
+ TOKEN:
+	foreach my $git_token (sort keys %$entry) {
+		log_debug("looking for useful token $git_token");
+		# don't print unknown (to the credential helper protocol) tokens
+		next TOKEN unless exists $query->{$git_token};
+
+		# don't print things asked in the query (the entry matches them)
+		next TOKEN if defined $query->{$git_token};
+
+		log_debug("FOUND: $git_token=$entry->{$git_token}");
+		printf "%s=%s\n", $git_token, $entry->{$git_token};
+	}
+}
+sub log_verbose {
+	return unless $options{verbose};
+	printf STDERR @_;
+	printf STDERR "\n";
+}
+
+sub log_debug {
+	return unless $options{debug};
+	printf STDERR @_;
+	printf STDERR "\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba119a937f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+machine imap login tzz@lifelogs.com port imaps password letmeknow
+machine imap login bob port imaps password bobwillknow
+
+# comment test
+
+machine imap2 login tzz port 1099 password tzzknow
+machine imap2 login bob password bobwillknow
+
+# another command
+
+machine github.com
+  multilinetoken anothervalue
+  login carol password carolknows
diff --git a/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..169b6463c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/netrc/test.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+use Test;
+use IPC::Open2;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 15 }
+
+my @global_credential_args = @ARGV;
+my $netrc = './test.netrc';
+print "# Testing insecure file, nothing should be found\n";
+chmod 0644, $netrc;
+my $cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+			  { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got 0 keys from insecure file");
+
+print "# Testing missing file, nothing should be found\n";
+chmod 0644, $netrc;
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', '///nosuchfile///', 'get'],
+		       { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got 0 keys from missing file");
+
+chmod 0600, $netrc;
+
+print "# Testing with invalid data\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       "bad data");
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 4, "Got first found keys with bad data");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a missing corovamilkbar entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'corovamilkbar' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 0, "Got no corovamilkbar keys");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a github.com entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'github.com' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 Github keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'carolknows', "Got correct Github password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'carol', "Got correct Github username");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a username-specific entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap', username => 'bob' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 username-specific keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'bobwillknow', "Got correct user-specific password");
+ok($cred->{protocol}, 'imaps', "Got correct user-specific protocol");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file for a host:port-specific entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap2:1099' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 host:port-specific keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'tzzknow', "Got correct host:port-specific password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'tzz', "Got correct host:port-specific username");
+
+print "# Testing netrc file that 'host:port kills host' entry\n";
+$cred = run_credential(['-f', $netrc, 'get'],
+		       { host => 'imap2' });
+
+ok(scalar keys %$cred, 2, "Got 2 'host:port kills host' keys");
+
+ok($cred->{password}, 'bobwillknow', "Got correct 'host:port kills host' password");
+ok($cred->{username}, 'bob', "Got correct 'host:port kills host' username");
+
+sub run_credential
+{
+	my $args = shift @_;
+	my $data = shift @_;
+	my $pid = open2(my $chld_out, my $chld_in,
+			'./git-credential-netrc', @global_credential_args,
+			@$args);
+
+	die "Couldn't open pipe to netrc credential helper: $!" unless $pid;
+
+	if (ref $data eq 'HASH')
+	{
+		print $chld_in "$_=$data->{$_}\n" foreach sort keys %$data;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		print $chld_in "$data\n";
+	}
+
+	close $chld_in;
+	my %ret;
+
+	while (<$chld_out>)
+	{
+		chomp;
+		next unless m/^([^=]+)=(.+)/;
+
+		$ret{$1} = $2;
+	}
+
+	return \%ret;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/Makefile b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/Makefile
index 75c07f8be4..4b3a08a2ba 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/Makefile
@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@ all:: git-credential-osxkeychain
 
 CC = gcc
 RM = rm -f
-CFLAGS = -g -Wall
+CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
 
 git-credential-osxkeychain: git-credential-osxkeychain.o
-	$(CC) -o $@ $< -Wl,-framework -Wl,Security
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $< $(LDFLAGS) -Wl,-framework -Wl,Security
 
 git-credential-osxkeychain.o: git-credential-osxkeychain.c
 	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $<
diff --git a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
index 6beed123ab..bcd3f575a3 100644
--- a/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
+++ b/contrib/credential/osxkeychain/git-credential-osxkeychain.c
@@ -127,10 +127,20 @@ static void read_credential(void)
 		*v++ = '\0';
 
 		if (!strcmp(buf, "protocol")) {
-			if (!strcmp(v, "https"))
+			if (!strcmp(v, "imap"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeIMAP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "imaps"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeIMAPS;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "ftp"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeFTP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "ftps"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeFTPS;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "https"))
 				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeHTTPS;
 			else if (!strcmp(v, "http"))
 				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeHTTP;
+			else if (!strcmp(v, "smtp"))
+				protocol = kSecProtocolTypeSMTP;
 			else /* we don't yet handle other protocols */
 				exit(0);
 		}
@@ -154,7 +164,7 @@ static void read_credential(void)
 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	const char *usage =
-		"Usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase>";
+		"usage: git credential-osxkeychain <get|store|erase>";
 
 	if (!argv[1])
 		die(usage);
diff --git a/contrib/credential/wincred/Makefile b/contrib/credential/wincred/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6e992c0866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/wincred/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+all: git-credential-wincred.exe
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+CC ?= gcc
+RM ?= rm -f
+CFLAGS ?= -O2 -Wall
+
+prefix ?= /usr/local
+libexecdir ?= $(prefix)/libexec/git-core
+
+INSTALL ?= install
+
+git-credential-wincred.exe : git-credential-wincred.c
+	$(LINK.c) $^ $(LOADLIBES) $(LDLIBS) -o $@
+
+install: git-credential-wincred.exe
+	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $^ $(libexecdir)
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) git-credential-wincred.exe
diff --git a/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c b/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..006134043a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/credential/wincred/git-credential-wincred.c
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/*
+ * A git credential helper that interface with Windows' Credential Manager
+ *
+ */
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+/* common helpers */
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]))
+
+static void die(const char *err, ...)
+{
+	char msg[4096];
+	va_list params;
+	va_start(params, err);
+	vsnprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), err, params);
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
+	va_end(params);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void *xmalloc(size_t size)
+{
+	void *ret = malloc(size);
+	if (!ret && !size)
+		ret = malloc(1);
+	if (!ret)
+		 die("Out of memory");
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* MinGW doesn't have wincred.h, so we need to define stuff */
+
+typedef struct _CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW {
+	LPWSTR Keyword;
+	DWORD  Flags;
+	DWORD  ValueSize;
+	LPBYTE Value;
+} CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW, *PCREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW;
+
+typedef struct _CREDENTIALW {
+	DWORD                  Flags;
+	DWORD                  Type;
+	LPWSTR                 TargetName;
+	LPWSTR                 Comment;
+	FILETIME               LastWritten;
+	DWORD                  CredentialBlobSize;
+	LPBYTE                 CredentialBlob;
+	DWORD                  Persist;
+	DWORD                  AttributeCount;
+	PCREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW Attributes;
+	LPWSTR                 TargetAlias;
+	LPWSTR                 UserName;
+} CREDENTIALW, *PCREDENTIALW;
+
+#define CRED_TYPE_GENERIC 1
+#define CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE 2
+#define CRED_MAX_ATTRIBUTES 64
+
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredWriteWT)(PCREDENTIALW, DWORD);
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredEnumerateWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD *,
+    PCREDENTIALW **);
+typedef VOID (WINAPI *CredFreeT)(PVOID);
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredDeleteWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD);
+
+static HMODULE advapi;
+static CredWriteWT CredWriteW;
+static CredEnumerateWT CredEnumerateW;
+static CredFreeT CredFree;
+static CredDeleteWT CredDeleteW;
+
+static void load_cred_funcs(void)
+{
+	/* load DLLs */
+	advapi = LoadLibrary("advapi32.dll");
+	if (!advapi)
+		die("failed to load advapi32.dll");
+
+	/* get function pointers */
+	CredWriteW = (CredWriteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredWriteW");
+	CredEnumerateW = (CredEnumerateWT)GetProcAddress(advapi,
+	    "CredEnumerateW");
+	CredFree = (CredFreeT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredFree");
+	CredDeleteW = (CredDeleteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredDeleteW");
+	if (!CredWriteW || !CredEnumerateW || !CredFree || !CredDeleteW)
+		die("failed to load functions");
+}
+
+static WCHAR *wusername, *password, *protocol, *host, *path, target[1024];
+
+static void write_item(const char *what, LPCWSTR wbuf, int wlen)
+{
+	char *buf;
+	int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, NULL, 0, NULL,
+	    FALSE);
+	buf = xmalloc(len);
+
+	if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, buf, len, NULL, FALSE))
+		die("WideCharToMultiByte failed!");
+
+	printf("%s=", what);
+	fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);
+	putchar('\n');
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Match an (optional) expected string and a delimiter in the target string,
+ * consuming the matched text by updating the target pointer.
+ */
+
+static LPCWSTR wcsstr_last(LPCWSTR str, LPCWSTR find)
+{
+	LPCWSTR res = NULL, pos;
+	for (pos = wcsstr(str, find); pos; pos = wcsstr(pos + 1, find))
+		res = pos;
+	return res;
+}
+
+static int match_part_with_last(LPCWSTR *ptarget, LPCWSTR want, LPCWSTR delim, int last)
+{
+	LPCWSTR delim_pos, start = *ptarget;
+	int len;
+
+	/* find start of delimiter (or end-of-string if delim is empty) */
+	if (*delim)
+		delim_pos = last ? wcsstr_last(start, delim) : wcsstr(start, delim);
+	else
+		delim_pos = start + wcslen(start);
+
+	/*
+	 * match text up to delimiter, or end of string (e.g. the '/' after
+	 * host is optional if not followed by a path)
+	 */
+	if (delim_pos)
+		len = delim_pos - start;
+	else
+		len = wcslen(start);
+
+	/* update ptarget if we either found a delimiter or need a match */
+	if (delim_pos || want)
+		*ptarget = delim_pos ? delim_pos + wcslen(delim) : start + len;
+
+	return !want || (!wcsncmp(want, start, len) && !want[len]);
+}
+
+static int match_part(LPCWSTR *ptarget, LPCWSTR want, LPCWSTR delim)
+{
+	return match_part_with_last(ptarget, want, delim, 0);
+}
+
+static int match_part_last(LPCWSTR *ptarget, LPCWSTR want, LPCWSTR delim)
+{
+	return match_part_with_last(ptarget, want, delim, 1);
+}
+
+static int match_cred(const CREDENTIALW *cred)
+{
+	LPCWSTR target = cred->TargetName;
+	if (wusername && wcscmp(wusername, cred->UserName))
+		return 0;
+
+	return match_part(&target, L"git", L":") &&
+		match_part(&target, protocol, L"://") &&
+		match_part_last(&target, wusername, L"@") &&
+		match_part(&target, host, L"/") &&
+		match_part(&target, path, L"");
+}
+
+static void get_credential(void)
+{
+	CREDENTIALW **creds;
+	DWORD num_creds;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!CredEnumerateW(L"git:*", 0, &num_creds, &creds))
+		return;
+
+	/* search for the first credential that matches username */
+	for (i = 0; i < num_creds; ++i)
+		if (match_cred(creds[i])) {
+			write_item("username", creds[i]->UserName,
+				wcslen(creds[i]->UserName));
+			write_item("password",
+				(LPCWSTR)creds[i]->CredentialBlob,
+				creds[i]->CredentialBlobSize / sizeof(WCHAR));
+			break;
+		}
+
+	CredFree(creds);
+}
+
+static void store_credential(void)
+{
+	CREDENTIALW cred;
+
+	if (!wusername || !password)
+		return;
+
+	cred.Flags = 0;
+	cred.Type = CRED_TYPE_GENERIC;
+	cred.TargetName = target;
+	cred.Comment = L"saved by git-credential-wincred";
+	cred.CredentialBlobSize = (wcslen(password)) * sizeof(WCHAR);
+	cred.CredentialBlob = (LPVOID)password;
+	cred.Persist = CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE;
+	cred.AttributeCount = 0;
+	cred.Attributes = NULL;
+	cred.TargetAlias = NULL;
+	cred.UserName = wusername;
+
+	if (!CredWriteW(&cred, 0))
+		die("CredWrite failed");
+}
+
+static void erase_credential(void)
+{
+	CREDENTIALW **creds;
+	DWORD num_creds;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!CredEnumerateW(L"git:*", 0, &num_creds, &creds))
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_creds; ++i) {
+		if (match_cred(creds[i]))
+			CredDeleteW(creds[i]->TargetName, creds[i]->Type, 0);
+	}
+
+	CredFree(creds);
+}
+
+static WCHAR *utf8_to_utf16_dup(const char *str)
+{
+	int wlen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str, -1, NULL, 0);
+	WCHAR *wstr = xmalloc(sizeof(WCHAR) * wlen);
+	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str, -1, wstr, wlen);
+	return wstr;
+}
+
+static void read_credential(void)
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)) {
+		char *v;
+		int len = strlen(buf);
+		/* strip trailing CR / LF */
+		while (len && strchr("\r\n", buf[len - 1]))
+			buf[--len] = 0;
+
+		if (!*buf)
+			break;
+
+		v = strchr(buf, '=');
+		if (!v)
+			die("bad input: %s", buf);
+		*v++ = '\0';
+
+		if (!strcmp(buf, "protocol"))
+			protocol = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else if (!strcmp(buf, "host"))
+			host = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else if (!strcmp(buf, "path"))
+			path = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else if (!strcmp(buf, "username")) {
+			wusername = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		} else if (!strcmp(buf, "password"))
+			password = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
+		else
+			die("unrecognized input");
+	}
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	const char *usage =
+	    "usage: git credential-wincred <get|store|erase>\n";
+
+	if (!argv[1])
+		die(usage);
+
+	/* git use binary pipes to avoid CRLF-issues */
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
+	_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
+
+	read_credential();
+
+	load_cred_funcs();
+
+	if (!protocol || !(host || path))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* prepare 'target', the unique key for the credential */
+	wcscpy(target, L"git:");
+	wcsncat(target, protocol, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	wcsncat(target, L"://", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	if (wusername) {
+		wcsncat(target, wusername, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+		wcsncat(target, L"@", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	}
+	if (host)
+		wcsncat(target, host, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	if (path) {
+		wcsncat(target, L"/", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+		wcsncat(target, path, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "get"))
+		get_credential();
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "store"))
+		store_credential();
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "erase"))
+		erase_credential();
+	/* otherwise, ignore unknown action */
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/diff-highlight/README b/contrib/diff-highlight/README
index 502e03b305..836b97a730 100644
--- a/contrib/diff-highlight/README
+++ b/contrib/diff-highlight/README
@@ -58,6 +58,47 @@ following in your git configuration:
 	diff = diff-highlight | less
 ---------------------------------------------
 
+
+Color Config
+------------
+
+You can configure the highlight colors and attributes using git's
+config. The colors for "old" and "new" lines can be specified
+independently. There are two "modes" of configuration:
+
+  1. You can specify a "highlight" color and a matching "reset" color.
+     This will retain any existing colors in the diff, and apply the
+     "highlight" and "reset" colors before and after the highlighted
+     portion.
+
+  2. You can specify a "normal" color and a "highlight" color. In this
+     case, existing colors are dropped from that line. The non-highlighted
+     bits of the line get the "normal" color, and the highlights get the
+     "highlight" color.
+
+If no "new" colors are specified, they default to the "old" colors. If
+no "old" colors are specified, the default is to reverse the foreground
+and background for highlighted portions.
+
+Examples:
+
+---------------------------------------------
+# Underline highlighted portions
+[color "diff-highlight"]
+oldHighlight = ul
+oldReset = noul
+---------------------------------------------
+
+---------------------------------------------
+# Varying background intensities
+[color "diff-highlight"]
+oldNormal = "black #f8cbcb"
+oldHighlight = "black #ffaaaa"
+newNormal = "black #cbeecb"
+newHighlight = "black #aaffaa"
+---------------------------------------------
+
+
 Bugs
 ----
 
diff --git a/contrib/diff-highlight/diff-highlight b/contrib/diff-highlight/diff-highlight
index c4404d49c9..08c88bbc87 100755
--- a/contrib/diff-highlight/diff-highlight
+++ b/contrib/diff-highlight/diff-highlight
@@ -5,8 +5,18 @@ use strict;
 
 # Highlight by reversing foreground and background. You could do
 # other things like bold or underline if you prefer.
-my $HIGHLIGHT   = "\x1b[7m";
-my $UNHIGHLIGHT = "\x1b[27m";
+my @OLD_HIGHLIGHT = (
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.oldnormal'),
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.oldhighlight', "\x1b[7m"),
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.oldreset', "\x1b[27m")
+);
+my @NEW_HIGHLIGHT = (
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.newnormal', $OLD_HIGHLIGHT[0]),
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.newhighlight', $OLD_HIGHLIGHT[1]),
+	color_config('color.diff-highlight.newreset', $OLD_HIGHLIGHT[2])
+);
+
+my $RESET = "\x1b[m";
 my $COLOR = qr/\x1b\[[0-9;]*m/;
 my $BORING = qr/$COLOR|\s/;
 
@@ -14,6 +24,10 @@ my @removed;
 my @added;
 my $in_hunk;
 
+# Some scripts may not realize that SIGPIPE is being ignored when launching the
+# pager--for instance scripts written in Python.
+$SIG{PIPE} = 'DEFAULT';
+
 while (<>) {
 	if (!$in_hunk) {
 		print;
@@ -53,6 +67,17 @@ show_hunk(\@removed, \@added);
 
 exit 0;
 
+# Ideally we would feed the default as a human-readable color to
+# git-config as the fallback value. But diff-highlight does
+# not otherwise depend on git at all, and there are reports
+# of it being used in other settings. Let's handle our own
+# fallback, which means we will work even if git can't be run.
+sub color_config {
+	my ($key, $default) = @_;
+	my $s = `git config --get-color $key 2>/dev/null`;
+	return length($s) ? $s : $default;
+}
+
 sub show_hunk {
 	my ($a, $b) = @_;
 
@@ -128,8 +153,8 @@ sub highlight_pair {
 	}
 
 	if (is_pair_interesting(\@a, $pa, $sa, \@b, $pb, $sb)) {
-		return highlight_line(\@a, $pa, $sa),
-		       highlight_line(\@b, $pb, $sb);
+		return highlight_line(\@a, $pa, $sa, \@OLD_HIGHLIGHT),
+		       highlight_line(\@b, $pb, $sb, \@NEW_HIGHLIGHT);
 	}
 	else {
 		return join('', @a),
@@ -144,15 +169,30 @@ sub split_line {
 }
 
 sub highlight_line {
-	my ($line, $prefix, $suffix) = @_;
-
-	return join('',
-		@{$line}[0..($prefix-1)],
-		$HIGHLIGHT,
-		@{$line}[$prefix..$suffix],
-		$UNHIGHLIGHT,
-		@{$line}[($suffix+1)..$#$line]
-	);
+	my ($line, $prefix, $suffix, $theme) = @_;
+
+	my $start = join('', @{$line}[0..($prefix-1)]);
+	my $mid = join('', @{$line}[$prefix..$suffix]);
+	my $end = join('', @{$line}[($suffix+1)..$#$line]);
+
+	# If we have a "normal" color specified, then take over the whole line.
+	# Otherwise, we try to just manipulate the highlighted bits.
+	if (defined $theme->[0]) {
+		s/$COLOR//g for ($start, $mid, $end);
+		chomp $end;
+		return join('',
+			$theme->[0], $start, $RESET,
+			$theme->[1], $mid, $RESET,
+			$theme->[0], $end, $RESET,
+			"\n"
+		);
+	} else {
+		return join('',
+			$start,
+			$theme->[1], $mid, $theme->[2],
+			$end
+		);
+	}
 }
 
 # Pairs are interesting to highlight only if we are going to end up
diff --git a/contrib/diffall/README b/contrib/diffall/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 507f17dcd6..0000000000
--- a/contrib/diffall/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-The git-diffall script provides a directory based diff mechanism
-for git.
-
-To determine what diff viewer is used, the script requires either
-the 'diff.tool' or 'merge.tool' configuration option to be set.
-
-This script is compatible with most common forms used to specify a
-range of revisions to diff:
-
-  1. git diffall: shows diff between working tree and staged changes
-  2. git diffall --cached [<commit>]: shows diff between staged
-     changes and HEAD (or other named commit)
-  3. git diffall <commit>: shows diff between working tree and named
-     commit
-  4. git diffall <commit> <commit>: show diff between two named commits
-  5. git diffall <commit>..<commit>: same as above
-  6. git diffall <commit>...<commit>: show the changes on the branch
-     containing and up to the second, starting at a common ancestor
-     of both <commit>
-
-Note: all forms take an optional path limiter [-- <path>*]
-
-The '--extcmd=<command>' option allows the user to specify a custom
-command for viewing diffs.  When given, configured defaults are
-ignored and the script runs $command $LOCAL $REMOTE.  Additionally,
-$BASE is set in the environment.
-
-This script is based on an example provided by Thomas Rast on the
-Git list [1]:
-
-[1] http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/124807
diff --git a/contrib/diffall/git-diffall b/contrib/diffall/git-diffall
deleted file mode 100755
index 9bbd27f4a5..0000000000
--- a/contrib/diffall/git-diffall
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,261 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# Copyright 2010 - 2012, Tim Henigan <tim.henigan@gmail.com>
-#
-# Perform a directory diff between commits in the repository using
-# the external diff or merge tool specified in the user's config.
-
-USAGE='[--cached] [--copy-back] [-x|--extcmd=<command>] <commit>{0,2} [-- <path>*]
-
-    --cached     Compare to the index rather than the working tree.
-
-    --copy-back  Copy files back to the working tree when the diff
-                 tool exits (in case they were modified by the
-                 user).  This option is only valid if the diff
-                 compared with the working tree.
-
-    -x=<command>
-    --extcmd=<command>  Specify a custom command for viewing diffs.
-                 git-diffall ignores the configured defaults and
-                 runs $command $LOCAL $REMOTE when this option is
-                 specified. Additionally, $BASE is set in the
-                 environment.
-'
-
-SUBDIRECTORY_OK=1
-. "$(git --exec-path)/git-sh-setup"
-
-TOOL_MODE=diff
-. "$(git --exec-path)/git-mergetool--lib"
-
-merge_tool="$(get_merge_tool)"
-if test -z "$merge_tool"
-then
-	echo "Error: Either the 'diff.tool' or 'merge.tool' option must be set."
-	usage
-fi
-
-start_dir=$(pwd)
-
-# needed to access tar utility
-cdup=$(git rev-parse --show-cdup) &&
-cd "$cdup" || {
-	echo >&2 "Cannot chdir to $cdup, the toplevel of the working tree"
-	exit 1
-}
-
-# mktemp is not available on all platforms (missing from msysgit)
-# Use a hard-coded tmp dir if it is not available
-tmp="$(mktemp -d -t tmp.XXXXXX 2>/dev/null)" || {
-	tmp=/tmp/git-diffall-tmp.$$
-	mkdir "$tmp" || exit 1
-}
-
-trap 'rm -rf "$tmp" 2>/dev/null' EXIT
-
-left=
-right=
-paths=
-dashdash_seen=
-compare_staged=
-merge_base=
-left_dir=
-right_dir=
-diff_tool=
-copy_back=
-
-while test $# != 0
-do
-	case "$1" in
-	-h|--h|--he|--hel|--help)
-		usage
-		;;
-	--cached)
-		compare_staged=1
-		;;
-	--copy-back)
-		copy_back=1
-		;;
-	-x|--e|--ex|--ext|--extc|--extcm|--extcmd)
-		if test $# = 1
-		then
-			echo You must specify the tool for use with --extcmd
-			usage
-		else
-			diff_tool=$2
-			shift
-		fi
-		;;
-	--)
-		dashdash_seen=1
-		;;
-	-*)
-		echo Invalid option: "$1"
-		usage
-		;;
-	*)
-		# could be commit, commit range or path limiter
-		case "$1" in
-		*...*)
-			left=${1%...*}
-			right=${1#*...}
-			merge_base=1
-			;;
-		*..*)
-			left=${1%..*}
-			right=${1#*..}
-			;;
-		*)
-			if test -n "$dashdash_seen"
-			then
-				paths="$paths$1 "
-			elif test -z "$left"
-			then
-				left=$1
-			elif test -z "$right"
-			then
-				right=$1
-			else
-				paths="$paths$1 "
-			fi
-			;;
-		esac
-		;;
-	esac
-	shift
-done
-
-# Determine the set of files which changed
-if test -n "$left" && test -n "$right"
-then
-	left_dir="cmt-$(git rev-parse --short $left)"
-	right_dir="cmt-$(git rev-parse --short $right)"
-
-	if test -n "$compare_staged"
-	then
-		usage
-	elif test -n "$merge_base"
-	then
-		git diff --name-only "$left"..."$right" -- $paths >"$tmp/filelist"
-	else
-		git diff --name-only "$left" "$right" -- $paths >"$tmp/filelist"
-	fi
-elif test -n "$left"
-then
-	left_dir="cmt-$(git rev-parse --short $left)"
-
-	if test -n "$compare_staged"
-	then
-		right_dir="staged"
-		git diff --name-only --cached "$left" -- $paths >"$tmp/filelist"
-	else
-		right_dir="working_tree"
-		git diff --name-only "$left" -- $paths >"$tmp/filelist"
-	fi
-else
-	left_dir="HEAD"
-
-	if test -n "$compare_staged"
-	then
-		right_dir="staged"
-		git diff --name-only --cached -- $paths >"$tmp/filelist"
-	else
-		right_dir="working_tree"
-		git diff --name-only -- $paths >"$tmp/filelist"
-	fi
-fi
-
-# Exit immediately if there are no diffs
-if test ! -s "$tmp/filelist"
-then
-	exit 0
-fi
-
-if test -n "$copy_back" && test "$right_dir" != "working_tree"
-then
-	echo "--copy-back is only valid when diff includes the working tree."
-	exit 1
-fi
-
-# Create the named tmp directories that will hold the files to be compared
-mkdir -p "$tmp/$left_dir" "$tmp/$right_dir"
-
-# Populate the tmp/right_dir directory with the files to be compared
-if test -n "$right"
-then
-	while read name
-	do
-		ls_list=$(git ls-tree $right "$name")
-		if test -n "$ls_list"
-		then
-			mkdir -p "$tmp/$right_dir/$(dirname "$name")"
-			git show "$right":"$name" >"$tmp/$right_dir/$name" || true
-		fi
-	done < "$tmp/filelist"
-elif test -n "$compare_staged"
-then
-	while read name
-	do
-		ls_list=$(git ls-files -- "$name")
-		if test -n "$ls_list"
-		then
-			mkdir -p "$tmp/$right_dir/$(dirname "$name")"
-			git show :"$name" >"$tmp/$right_dir/$name"
-		fi
-	done < "$tmp/filelist"
-else
-	# Mac users have gnutar rather than tar
-	(tar --ignore-failed-read -c -T "$tmp/filelist" | (cd "$tmp/$right_dir" && tar -x)) || {
-		gnutar --ignore-failed-read -c -T "$tmp/filelist" | (cd "$tmp/$right_dir" && gnutar -x)
-	}
-fi
-
-# Populate the tmp/left_dir directory with the files to be compared
-while read name
-do
-	if test -n "$left"
-	then
-		ls_list=$(git ls-tree $left "$name")
-		if test -n "$ls_list"
-		then
-			mkdir -p "$tmp/$left_dir/$(dirname "$name")"
-			git show "$left":"$name" >"$tmp/$left_dir/$name" || true
-		fi
-	else
-		if test -n "$compare_staged"
-		then
-			ls_list=$(git ls-tree HEAD "$name")
-			if test -n "$ls_list"
-			then
-				mkdir -p "$tmp/$left_dir/$(dirname "$name")"
-				git show HEAD:"$name" >"$tmp/$left_dir/$name"
-			fi
-		else
-			mkdir -p "$tmp/$left_dir/$(dirname "$name")"
-			git show :"$name" >"$tmp/$left_dir/$name"
-		fi
-	fi
-done < "$tmp/filelist"
-
-cd "$tmp"
-LOCAL="$left_dir"
-REMOTE="$right_dir"
-
-if test -n "$diff_tool"
-then
-	export BASE
-	eval $diff_tool '"$LOCAL"' '"$REMOTE"'
-else
-	run_merge_tool "$merge_tool" false
-fi
-
-# Copy files back to the working dir, if requested
-if test -n "$copy_back" && test "$right_dir" = "working_tree"
-then
-	cd "$start_dir"
-	git_top_dir=$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)
-	find "$tmp/$right_dir" -type f |
-	while read file
-	do
-		cp "$file" "$git_top_dir/${file#$tmp/$right_dir/}"
-	done
-fi
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el b/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
index d351cfb6e7..e671f6c1c6 100644
--- a/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
+++ b/contrib/emacs/git-blame.el
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ See also function `git-blame-mode'."
 
 (defun git-blame-cleanup ()
   "Remove all blame properties"
-    (mapcar 'delete-overlay git-blame-overlays)
+    (mapc 'delete-overlay git-blame-overlays)
     (setq git-blame-overlays nil)
     (remove-git-blame-text-properties (point-min) (point-max)))
 
@@ -337,16 +337,16 @@ See also function `git-blame-mode'."
 (defvar in-blame-filter nil)
 
 (defun git-blame-filter (proc str)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-buffer (process-buffer proc))
-    (goto-char (process-mark proc))
-    (insert-before-markers str)
-    (goto-char 0)
-    (unless in-blame-filter
-      (let ((more t)
-            (in-blame-filter t))
-        (while more
-          (setq more (git-blame-parse)))))))
+  (with-current-buffer (process-buffer proc)
+    (save-excursion
+      (goto-char (process-mark proc))
+      (insert-before-markers str)
+      (goto-char (point-min))
+      (unless in-blame-filter
+        (let ((more t)
+              (in-blame-filter t))
+          (while more
+            (setq more (git-blame-parse))))))))
 
 (defun git-blame-parse ()
   (cond ((looking-at "\\([0-9a-f]\\{40\\}\\) \\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9]+\\) \\([0-9]+\\)\n")
@@ -385,32 +385,33 @@ See also function `git-blame-mode'."
           info))))
 
 (defun git-blame-create-overlay (info start-line num-lines)
-  (save-excursion
-    (set-buffer git-blame-file)
-    (let ((inhibit-point-motion-hooks t)
-          (inhibit-modification-hooks t))
-      (goto-line start-line)
-      (let* ((start (point))
-             (end (progn (forward-line num-lines) (point)))
-             (ovl (make-overlay start end))
-             (hash (car info))
-             (spec `((?h . ,(substring hash 0 6))
-                     (?H . ,hash)
-                     (?a . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author))
-                     (?A . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author-mail))
-                     (?c . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer))
-                     (?C . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer-mail))
-                     (?s . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'summary)))))
-        (push ovl git-blame-overlays)
-        (overlay-put ovl 'git-blame info)
-        (overlay-put ovl 'help-echo
-                     (format-spec git-blame-mouseover-format spec))
-        (if git-blame-use-colors
-            (overlay-put ovl 'face (list :background
-                                         (cdr (assq 'color (cdr info))))))
-        (overlay-put ovl 'line-prefix
-                     (propertize (format-spec git-blame-prefix-format spec)
-                                 'face 'git-blame-prefix-face))))))
+  (with-current-buffer git-blame-file
+    (save-excursion
+      (let ((inhibit-point-motion-hooks t)
+            (inhibit-modification-hooks t))
+        (goto-char (point-min))
+        (forward-line (1- start-line))
+        (let* ((start (point))
+               (end (progn (forward-line num-lines) (point)))
+               (ovl (make-overlay start end))
+               (hash (car info))
+               (spec `((?h . ,(substring hash 0 6))
+                       (?H . ,hash)
+                       (?a . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author))
+                       (?A . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'author-mail))
+                       (?c . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer))
+                       (?C . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'committer-mail))
+                       (?s . ,(git-blame-get-info info 'summary)))))
+          (push ovl git-blame-overlays)
+          (overlay-put ovl 'git-blame info)
+          (overlay-put ovl 'help-echo
+                       (format-spec git-blame-mouseover-format spec))
+          (if git-blame-use-colors
+              (overlay-put ovl 'face (list :background
+                                           (cdr (assq 'color (cdr info))))))
+          (overlay-put ovl 'line-prefix
+                       (propertize (format-spec git-blame-prefix-format spec)
+                                   'face 'git-blame-prefix-face)))))))
 
 (defun git-blame-add-info (info key value)
   (nconc info (list (cons (intern key) value))))
diff --git a/contrib/emacs/git.el b/contrib/emacs/git.el
index 65c95d9d5a..5ffc506f6d 100644
--- a/contrib/emacs/git.el
+++ b/contrib/emacs/git.el
@@ -1671,7 +1671,7 @@ Commands:
   "Entry point into git-status mode."
   (interactive "DSelect directory: ")
   (setq dir (git-get-top-dir dir))
-  (if (file-directory-p (concat (file-name-as-directory dir) ".git"))
+  (if (file-exists-p (concat (file-name-as-directory dir) ".git"))
       (let ((buffer (or (and git-reuse-status-buffer (git-find-status-buffer dir))
                         (create-file-buffer (expand-file-name "*git-status*" dir)))))
         (switch-to-buffer buffer)
diff --git a/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c b/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
index 3140e405fa..ee1916641e 100644
--- a/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
+++ b/contrib/examples/builtin-fetch--tool.c
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ static int update_ref_env(const char *action,
 		rla = "(reflog update)";
 	if (snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "%s: %s", rla, action) >= sizeof(msg))
 		warning("reflog message too long: %.*s...", 50, msg);
-	return update_ref(msg, refname, sha1, oldval, 0, QUIET_ON_ERR);
+	return update_ref(msg, refname, sha1, oldval, 0,
+			  UPDATE_REFS_QUIET_ON_ERR);
 }
 
 static int update_local_ref(const char *name,
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ static int update_local_ref(const char *name,
 	strcpy(oldh, find_unique_abbrev(current->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	strcpy(newh, find_unique_abbrev(sha1_new, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 
-	if (in_merge_bases(current, &updated, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(current, updated)) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "* %s: fast-forward to %s\n",
 			name, note);
 		fprintf(stderr, "  old..new: %s..%s\n", oldh, newh);
@@ -518,7 +519,7 @@ int cmd_fetch__tool(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
 		fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 		if (!fp)
-			return error("cannot open %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
+			return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
 		result = append_fetch_head(fp, argv[2], argv[3],
 					   argv[4], argv[5],
 					   argv[6], !!argv[7][0],
@@ -536,7 +537,7 @@ int cmd_fetch__tool(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 		filename = git_path("FETCH_HEAD");
 		fp = fopen(filename, "a");
 		if (!fp)
-			return error("cannot open %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
+			return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
 		result = fetch_native_store(fp, argv[2], argv[3], argv[4],
 					    verbose, force);
 		fclose(fp);
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh b/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh
index 1a7689a48f..683cae7c3f 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-checkout.sh
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ cd_to_toplevel
 # branch.  However, if "git checkout HEAD" detaches the HEAD
 # from the current branch, even though that may be logically
 # correct, it feels somewhat funny.  More importantly, we do not
-# want "git checkout" nor "git checkout -f" to detach HEAD.
+# want "git checkout" or "git checkout -f" to detach HEAD.
 
 detached=
 detach_warn=
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ else
 
 	# Match the index to the working tree, and do a three-way.
 	git diff-files --name-only | git update-index --remove --stdin &&
-	work=`git write-tree` &&
+	work=$(git write-tree) &&
 	git read-tree $v --reset -u $new || exit
 
 	eval GITHEAD_$new='${new_name:-${branch:-$new}}' &&
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ else
 	# Do not register the cleanly merged paths in the index yet.
 	# this is not a real merge before committing, but just carrying
 	# the working tree changes along.
-	unmerged=`git ls-files -u`
+	unmerged=$(git ls-files -u)
 	git read-tree $v --reset $new
 	case "$unmerged" in
 	'')	;;
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
 	fi
 	if test -n "$branch"
 	then
-		old_branch_name=`expr "z$oldbranch" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)'`
+		old_branch_name=$(expr "z$oldbranch" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)')
 		GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR" git symbolic-ref -m "checkout: moving from ${old_branch_name:-$old} to $branch" HEAD "refs/heads/$branch"
 		if test -n "$quiet"
 		then
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then
 		fi
 	elif test -n "$detached"
 	then
-		old_branch_name=`expr "z$oldbranch" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)'`
+		old_branch_name=$(expr "z$oldbranch" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)')
 		git update-ref --no-deref -m "checkout: moving from ${old_branch_name:-$old} to $arg" HEAD "$detached" ||
 			die "Cannot detach HEAD"
 		if test -n "$detach_warn"
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh b/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh
index 547228e13c..08cf246bbb 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-clone.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ eval "$(echo "$OPTIONS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)
 
 get_repo_base() {
 	(
-		cd "`/bin/pwd`" &&
+		cd "$(/bin/pwd)" &&
 		cd "$1" || cd "$1.git" &&
 		{
 			cd .git
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ get_repo_base() {
 }
 
 if [ -n "$GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY" -o \
-	"`git config --bool http.sslVerify`" = false ]; then
+	"$(git config --bool http.sslVerify)" = false ]; then
     curl_extra_args="-k"
 fi
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ clone_dumb_http () {
 	clone_tmp="$GIT_DIR/clone-tmp" &&
 	mkdir -p "$clone_tmp" || exit 1
 	if [ -n "$GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV" -o \
-		"`git config --bool http.noEPSV`" = true ]; then
+		"$(git config --bool http.noEPSV)" = true ]; then
 		curl_extra_args="${curl_extra_args} --disable-epsv"
 	fi
 	http_fetch "$1/info/refs" "$clone_tmp/refs" ||
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Perhaps git-update-server-info needs to be run there?"
 	test "z$quiet" = z && v=-v || v=
 	while read sha1 refname
 	do
-		name=`expr "z$refname" : 'zrefs/\(.*\)'` &&
+		name=$(expr "z$refname" : 'zrefs/\(.*\)') &&
 		case "$name" in
 		*^*)	continue;;
 		esac
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Perhaps git-update-server-info needs to be run there?"
 		*)	continue ;;
 		esac
 		if test -n "$use_separate_remote" &&
-		   branch_name=`expr "z$name" : 'zheads/\(.*\)'`
+		   branch_name=$(expr "z$name" : 'zheads/\(.*\)')
 		then
 			tname="remotes/$origin/$branch_name"
 		else
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ Perhaps git-update-server-info needs to be run there?"
 	http_fetch "$1/HEAD" "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD" ||
 	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"
 	if test -f "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"; then
-		head_sha1=`cat "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"`
+		head_sha1=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD")
 		case "$head_sha1" in
 		'ref: refs/'*)
 			;;
@@ -444,15 +444,15 @@ then
 	# a non-bare repository is always in separate-remote layout
 	remote_top="refs/remotes/$origin"
 	head_sha1=
-	test ! -r "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD" || head_sha1=`cat "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD"`
+	test ! -r "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD" || head_sha1=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/REMOTE_HEAD")
 	case "$head_sha1" in
 	'ref: refs/'*)
 		# Uh-oh, the remote told us (http transport done against
 		# new style repository with a symref HEAD).
 		# Ideally we should skip the guesswork but for now
 		# opt for minimum change.
-		head_sha1=`expr "z$head_sha1" : 'zref: refs/heads/\(.*\)'`
-		head_sha1=`cat "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/$head_sha1"`
+		head_sha1=$(expr "z$head_sha1" : 'zref: refs/heads/\(.*\)')
+		head_sha1=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/$head_sha1")
 		;;
 	esac
 
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ then
 		while read name
 		do
 			test t = $done && continue
-			branch_tip=`cat "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/$name"`
+			branch_tip=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/$remote_top/$name")
 			if test "$head_sha1" = "$branch_tip"
 			then
 				echo "$name"
@@ -516,7 +516,7 @@ then
 
 	case "$no_checkout" in
 	'')
-		test "z$quiet" = z -a "z$no_progress" = z && v=-v || v=
+		test "z$quiet" = z && test "z$no_progress" = z && v=-v || v=
 		git read-tree -m -u $v HEAD HEAD
 	esac
 fi
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh b/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
index 23ffb028d1..934505bab9 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-commit.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ run_status () {
 		export GIT_INDEX_FILE
 	fi
 
-	if test "$status_only" = "t" -o "$use_status_color" = "t"; then
+	if test "$status_only" = "t" || test "$use_status_color" = "t"; then
 		color=
 	else
 		color=--nocolor
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ signoff=
 force_author=
 only_include_assumed=
 untracked_files=
-templatefile="`git config commit.template`"
+templatefile="$(git config commit.template)"
 while test $# != 0
 do
 	case "$1" in
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ case "$#,$also,$only,$amend" in
 0,,,*)
 	;;
 *,,,*)
-	only_include_assumed="# Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
+	only_include_assumed="# Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
 	also=
 	;;
 esac
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ t,,,[1-9]*)
 	die "No paths with -i does not make sense." ;;
 esac
 
-if test ! -z "$templatefile" -a -z "$log_given"
+if test ! -z "$templatefile" && test -z "$log_given"
 then
 	if test ! -f "$templatefile"
 	then
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ t,)
 		TMP_INDEX="$GIT_DIR/tmp-index$$"
 		W=
 		test -z "$initial_commit" && W=--with-tree=HEAD
-		commit_only=`git ls-files --error-unmatch $W -- "$@"` || exit
+		commit_only=$(git ls-files --error-unmatch $W -- "$@") || exit
 
 		# Build a temporary index and update the real index
 		# the same way.
@@ -475,8 +475,8 @@ then
 fi
 if test '' != "$force_author"
 then
-	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=`expr "z$force_author" : 'z\(.*[^ ]\) *<.*'` &&
-	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=`expr "z$force_author" : '.*\(<.*\)'` &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$(expr "z$force_author" : 'z\(.*[^ ]\) *<.*') &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=$(expr "z$force_author" : '.*\(<.*\)') &&
 	test '' != "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" &&
 	test '' != "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" ||
 	die "malformed --author parameter"
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ then
 	rloga='commit'
 	if [ -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" ]; then
 		rloga='commit (merge)'
-		PARENTS="-p HEAD "`sed -e 's/^/-p /' "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD"`
+		PARENTS="-p HEAD "$(sed -e 's/^/-p /' "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD")
 	elif test -n "$amend"; then
 		rloga='commit (amend)'
 		PARENTS=$(git cat-file commit HEAD |
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh b/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh
index a314273bd5..554070909c 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-fetch.sh
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ do
 		keep='-k -k'
 		;;
 	--depth=*)
-		shallow_depth="--depth=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`"
+		shallow_depth="--depth=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')"
 		;;
 	--depth)
 		shift
@@ -262,12 +262,12 @@ fetch_per_ref () {
       http://* | https://* | ftp://*)
 	  test -n "$shallow_depth" &&
 		die "shallow clone with http not supported"
-	  proto=`expr "$remote" : '\([^:]*\):'`
+	  proto=$(expr "$remote" : '\([^:]*\):')
 	  if [ -n "$GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY" ]; then
 	      curl_extra_args="-k"
 	  fi
 	  if [ -n "$GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV" -o \
-		"`git config --bool http.noEPSV`" = true ]; then
+		"$(git config --bool http.noEPSV)" = true ]; then
 	      noepsv_opt="--disable-epsv"
 	  fi
 
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-log.sh b/contrib/examples/git-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c2ea71cf14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Linus Torvalds
+#
+
+USAGE='[--max-count=<n>] [<since>..<limit>] [--pretty=<format>] [git-rev-list options]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+revs=$(git-rev-parse --revs-only --no-flags --default HEAD "$@") || exit
+[ "$revs" ] || {
+	die "No HEAD ref"
+}
+git-rev-list --pretty $(git-rev-parse --default HEAD "$@") |
+LESS=-S ${PAGER:-less}
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh b/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh
index fec70bbf88..2aa89a7df8 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-ls-remote.sh
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@ tmpdir=$tmp-d
 case "$peek_repo" in
 http://* | https://* | ftp://* )
 	if [ -n "$GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY" -o \
-		"`git config --bool http.sslVerify`" = false ]; then
+		"$(git config --bool http.sslVerify)" = false ]; then
 		curl_extra_args="-k"
 	fi
 	if [ -n "$GIT_CURL_FTP_NO_EPSV" -o \
-		"`git config --bool http.noEPSV`" = true ]; then
+		"$(git config --bool http.noEPSV)" = true ]; then
 		curl_extra_args="${curl_extra_args} --disable-epsv"
 	fi
 	curl -nsf $curl_extra_args --header "Pragma: no-cache" "$peek_repo/info/refs" ||
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
index 7b922c3948..52f2aafb9d 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-merge.sh
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ merge_name () {
 			return
 		fi
 	fi
-	if test "$remote" = "FETCH_HEAD" -a -r "$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD"
+	if test "$remote" = "FETCH_HEAD" && test -r "$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD"
 	then
 		sed -e 's/	not-for-merge	/		/' -e 1q \
 			"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD"
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ fi
 
 # This could be traditional "merge <msg> HEAD <commit>..."  and the
 # way we can tell it is to see if the second token is HEAD, but some
-# people might have misused the interface and used a committish that
+# people might have misused the interface and used a commit-ish that
 # is the same as HEAD there instead.  Traditional format never would
 # have "-m" so it is an additional safety measure to check for it.
 
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ case "$use_strategies" in
 '')
 	case "$#" in
 	1)
-		var="`git config --get pull.twohead`"
+		var="$(git config --get pull.twohead)"
 		if test -n "$var"
 		then
 			use_strategies="$var"
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ case "$use_strategies" in
 			use_strategies="$default_twohead_strategies"
 		fi ;;
 	*)
-		var="`git config --get pull.octopus`"
+		var="$(git config --get pull.octopus)"
 		if test -n "$var"
 		then
 			use_strategies="$var"
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ do
 		git diff-files --name-only
 		git ls-files --unmerged
 	    } | wc -l`
-	    if test $best_cnt -le 0 -o $cnt -le $best_cnt
+	    if test $best_cnt -le 0 || test $cnt -le $best_cnt
 	    then
 		best_strategy=$strategy
 		best_cnt=$cnt
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
index b17952a785..d42df7b418 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-remote.perl
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ sub rm_remote {
 }
 
 sub add_usage {
-	print STDERR "Usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
+	print STDERR "usage: git remote add [-f] [-t track]* [-m master] <name> <url>\n";
 	exit(1);
 }
 
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'show') {
 		}
 	}
 	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote show <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	my $status = 0;
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'prune') {
 		}
 	}
 	if ($i >= @ARGV) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote prune <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	my $status = 0;
@@ -458,13 +458,13 @@ elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'add') {
 }
 elsif ($ARGV[0] eq 'rm') {
 	if (@ARGV <= 1) {
-		print STDERR "Usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
+		print STDERR "usage: git remote rm <remote>\n";
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	exit(rm_remote($ARGV[1]));
 }
 else {
-	print STDERR "Usage: git remote\n";
+	print STDERR "usage: git remote\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote add <name> <url>\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote rm <name>\n";
 	print STDERR "       git remote show <name>\n";
diff --git a/git-repack.sh b/contrib/examples/git-repack.sh
index 624feec26f..96e3fed326 100755
--- a/git-repack.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-repack.sh
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ F               pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects
 n               do not run git-update-server-info
 q,quiet         be quiet
 l               pass --local to git-pack-objects
+unpack-unreachable=  with -A, do not loosen objects older than this
  Packing constraints
 window=         size of the window used for delta compression
 window-memory=  same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count
@@ -33,6 +34,8 @@ do
 	-a)	all_into_one=t ;;
 	-A)	all_into_one=t
 		unpack_unreachable=--unpack-unreachable ;;
+	--unpack-unreachable)
+		unpack_unreachable="--unpack-unreachable=$2"; shift ;;
 	-d)	remove_redundant=t ;;
 	-q)	GIT_QUIET=t ;;
 	-f)	no_reuse=--no-reuse-delta ;;
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ do
 	shift
 done
 
-case "`git config --bool repack.usedeltabaseoffset || echo true`" in
+case "$(git config --bool repack.usedeltabaseoffset || echo true)" in
 true)
 	extra="$extra --delta-base-offset" ;;
 esac
@@ -73,10 +76,15 @@ case ",$all_into_one," in
 				existing="$existing $e"
 			fi
 		done
-		if test -n "$existing" -a -n "$unpack_unreachable" -a \
-			-n "$remove_redundant"
+		if test -n "$existing" && test -n "$unpack_unreachable" && \
+			test -n "$remove_redundant"
 		then
-			args="$args $unpack_unreachable"
+			# This may have arbitrary user arguments, so we
+			# have to protect it against whitespace splitting
+			# when it gets run as "pack-objects $args" later.
+			# Fortunately, we know it's an approxidate, so we
+			# can just use dots instead.
+			args="$args $(echo "$unpack_unreachable" | tr ' ' .)"
 		fi
 	fi
 	;;
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh b/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh
index bafeb52cd1..cb1bbf3b90 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-reset.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ case "$1" in --) shift ;; esac
 
 # git reset --mixed tree [--] paths... can be used to
 # load chosen paths from the tree into the index without
-# affecting the working tree nor HEAD.
+# affecting the working tree or HEAD.
 if test $# != 0
 then
 	test "$reset_type" = "--mixed" ||
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ then
 	update=-u
 fi
 
-# Soft reset does not touch the index file nor the working tree
+# Soft reset does not touch the index file or the working tree
 # at all, but requires them in a good order.  Other resets reset
 # the index file to the tree object we are switching to.
 if test "$reset_type" = "--soft"
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh b/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh
index 8f98142f77..70fdc27b72 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-resolve.sh
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ case "$common" in
 		GIT_INDEX_FILE=$G git read-tree -m $c $head $merge \
 			2>/dev/null || continue
 		# Count the paths that are unmerged.
-		cnt=`GIT_INDEX_FILE=$G git ls-files --unmerged | wc -l`
-		if test $best_cnt -le 0 -o $cnt -le $best_cnt
+		cnt=$(GIT_INDEX_FILE=$G git ls-files --unmerged | wc -l)
+		if test $best_cnt -le 0 || test $cnt -le $best_cnt
 		then
 			best=$c
 			best_cnt=$cnt
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh b/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh
index 6bf155cbdb..7e2aad5491 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-revert.sh
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ cherry-pick)
 		q
 	}'
 
-	logmsg=`git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$commit"`
+	logmsg=$(git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$commit")
 	set_author_env=`echo "$logmsg" |
 	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_author_script"`
 	eval "$set_author_env"
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
index b09ff8f12f..c414f0d9c7 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.perl
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ our($opt_h,$opt_o,$opt_v,$opt_u,$opt_C,$opt_i,$opt_m,$opt_M,$opt_t,$opt_T,
 
 sub usage() {
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
+usage: ${\basename $0}     # fetch/update GIT from SVN
        [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-l max_rev] [-R repack_each_revs]
        [-C GIT_repository] [-t tagname] [-T trunkname] [-b branchname]
        [-d|-D] [-i] [-u] [-r] [-I ignorefilename] [-s start_chg]
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt
index 3bb871e42f..3f0a9c33b5 100644
--- a/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-svnimport.txt
@@ -176,4 +176,4 @@ Documentation by Matthias Urlichs <smurf@smurf.noris.de>.
 
 GIT
 ---
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
+Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh b/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh
index 2c15bc955b..1bd8f3c58d 100755
--- a/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-tag.sh
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ prev=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 if git show-ref --verify --quiet -- "refs/tags/$name"
 then
     test -n "$force" || die "tag '$name' already exists"
-    prev=`git rev-parse "refs/tags/$name"`
+    prev=$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/$name")
 fi
 shift
 git check-ref-format "tags/$name" ||
diff --git a/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh b/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2edbdc6d99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/examples/git-whatchanged.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+USAGE='[-p] [--max-count=<n>] [<since>..<limit>] [--pretty=<format>] [-m] [git-diff-tree options] [git-rev-list options]'
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
+. git-sh-setup
+
+diff_tree_flags=$(git-rev-parse --sq --no-revs --flags "$@") || exit
+case "$0" in
+*whatchanged)
+	count=
+	test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+		diff_tree_flags=$(git config --get whatchanged.difftree)
+	diff_tree_default_flags='-c -M --abbrev' ;;
+*show)
+	count=-n1
+	test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+		diff_tree_flags=$(git config --get show.difftree)
+	diff_tree_default_flags='--cc --always' ;;
+esac
+test -z "$diff_tree_flags" &&
+	diff_tree_flags="$diff_tree_default_flags"
+
+rev_list_args=$(git-rev-parse --sq --default HEAD --revs-only "$@") &&
+diff_tree_args=$(git-rev-parse --sq --no-revs --no-flags "$@") &&
+
+eval "git-rev-list $count $rev_list_args" |
+eval "git-diff-tree --stdin --pretty -r $diff_tree_flags $diff_tree_args" |
+LESS="$LESS -S" ${PAGER:-less}
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
index f9fef6db28..0891b9e366 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.perl
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 use strict;
 use File::Find;
 
-my $USAGE = 'Usage: git-import branch import-message';
+my $USAGE = 'usage: git-import branch import-message';
 my $branch = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
 my $message = shift or die "$USAGE\n";
 
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
index 0ca7718d05..f8d803c5e2 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-import.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # but is meant to be a simple fast-import example.
 
 if [ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ]; then
-	echo "Usage: git-import branch import-message"
+	echo "usage: git-import branch import-message"
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.README b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cec5ecfa7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.README
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+The git-p4 script moved to the top-level of the git source directory.
+
+Invoke it as any other git command, like "git p4 clone", for instance.
+
+Note that the top-level git-p4.py script is now the source.  It is
+built using make to git-p4, which will be installed.
+
+Windows users can copy the git-p4.py source script directly, possibly
+invoking it through a batch file called "git-p4.bat" in the same folder.
+It should contain just one line:
+
+    @python "%~d0%~p0git-p4.py" %*
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.bat b/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.bat
deleted file mode 100644
index 9f97e884f5..0000000000
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4.bat
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-@python "%~d0%~p0git-p4" %*
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl b/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl
index 7f3afa5ac4..4dec1f18e4 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/import-directories.perl
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ was available previously is not included in this revision, it will
 be removed.
 
 If an on-disk revision is incomplete, you can point to files from
-a previous revision. There are no restriction as to where the source
-files are located, nor to the names of them.
+a previous revision. There are no restrictions on where the source
+files are located, nor on their names.
 
  [3.files]
  ; the key is the path inside the repository, the value is the path
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
index 82f5ed3ddc..d12c296223 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
+++ b/contrib/fast-import/import-zips.py
@@ -9,13 +9,18 @@
 ##  git log --stat import-zips
 
 from os import popen, path
-from sys import argv, exit
+from sys import argv, exit, hexversion, stderr
 from time import mktime
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
+if hexversion < 0x01060000:
+    # The limiter is the zipfile module
+    stderr.write("import-zips.py: requires Python 1.6.0 or later.\n")
+    exit(1)
+
 if len(argv) < 2:
-	print 'Usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
-	exit(1)
+    print 'usage:', argv[0], '<zipfile>...'
+    exit(1)
 
 branch_ref = 'refs/heads/import-zips'
 committer_name = 'Z Ip Creator'
@@ -23,51 +28,51 @@ committer_email = 'zip@example.com'
 
 fast_import = popen('git fast-import --quiet', 'w')
 def printlines(list):
-	for str in list:
-		fast_import.write(str + "\n")
+    for str in list:
+        fast_import.write(str + "\n")
 
 for zipfile in argv[1:]:
-	commit_time = 0
-	next_mark = 1
-	common_prefix = None
-	mark = dict()
-
-	zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
-	for name in zip.namelist():
-		if name.endswith('/'):
-			continue
-		info = zip.getinfo(name)
-
-		if commit_time < info.date_time:
-			commit_time = info.date_time
-		if common_prefix == None:
-			common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
-		else:
-			while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
-				last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
-				common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
-
-		mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
-		next_mark += 1
-
-		printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
-					'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
-		fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
-
-	committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
-		mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
-
-	printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
-		'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
-		'', 'deleteall'))
-
-	for name in mark.keys():
-		fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
-			name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
-
-	printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
-		'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
-		'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
+    commit_time = 0
+    next_mark = 1
+    common_prefix = None
+    mark = dict()
+
+    zip = ZipFile(zipfile, 'r')
+    for name in zip.namelist():
+        if name.endswith('/'):
+            continue
+        info = zip.getinfo(name)
+
+        if commit_time < info.date_time:
+            commit_time = info.date_time
+        if common_prefix == None:
+            common_prefix = name[:name.rfind('/') + 1]
+        else:
+            while not name.startswith(common_prefix):
+                last_slash = common_prefix[:-1].rfind('/') + 1
+                common_prefix = common_prefix[:last_slash]
+
+        mark[name] = ':' + str(next_mark)
+        next_mark += 1
+
+        printlines(('blob', 'mark ' + mark[name], \
+                    'data ' + str(info.file_size)))
+        fast_import.write(zip.read(name) + "\n")
+
+    committer = committer_name + ' <' + committer_email + '> %d +0000' % \
+        mktime(commit_time + (0, 0, 0))
+
+    printlines(('commit ' + branch_ref, 'committer ' + committer, \
+        'data <<EOM', 'Imported from ' + zipfile + '.', 'EOM', \
+        '', 'deleteall'))
+
+    for name in mark.keys():
+        fast_import.write('M 100644 ' + mark[name] + ' ' +
+            name[len(common_prefix):] + "\n")
+
+    printlines(('',  'tag ' + path.basename(zipfile), \
+        'from ' + branch_ref, 'tagger ' + committer, \
+        'data <<EOM', 'Package ' + zipfile, 'EOM', ''))
 
 if fast_import.close():
-	exit(1)
+    exit(1)
diff --git a/contrib/git-jump/git-jump b/contrib/git-jump/git-jump
index a33674e47a..dc90cd6379 100755
--- a/contrib/git-jump/git-jump
+++ b/contrib/git-jump/git-jump
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ open_editor() {
 }
 
 mode_diff() {
-	git diff --relative "$@" |
+	git diff --no-prefix --relative "$@" |
 	perl -ne '
-	if (m{^\+\+\+ b/(.*)}) { $file = $1; next }
+	if (m{^\+\+\+ (.*)}) { $file = $1; next }
 	defined($file) or next;
 	if (m/^@@ .*\+(\d+)/) { $line = $1; next }
 	defined($line) or next;
diff --git a/contrib/git-resurrect.sh b/contrib/git-resurrect.sh
index a4ed4c3c62..d7e97bbc76 100755
--- a/contrib/git-resurrect.sh
+++ b/contrib/git-resurrect.sh
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ is rather slow but allows you to resurrect other people's topic
 branches."
 
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
 git resurrect $USAGE
 --
diff --git a/contrib/gitview/gitview b/contrib/gitview/gitview
index 4c99dfb903..4e23c650fe 100755
--- a/contrib/gitview/gitview
+++ b/contrib/gitview/gitview
@@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@ class GitView(object):
 
 		#The first parent always continue on the same line
 		try:
-			# check we alreay have the value
+			# check we already have the value
 			tmp_node_pos = self.nodepos[commit.parent_sha1[0]]
 		except KeyError:
 			self.colours[commit.parent_sha1[0]] = colour
diff --git a/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt b/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt
index 9e12f97842..7b5f9002b9 100644
--- a/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt
+++ b/contrib/gitview/gitview.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ OPTIONS
 
 <args>::
 
-	All the valid option for gitlink:git-rev-list[1].
+	All the valid option for linkgit:git-rev-list[1].
 
 Key Bindings
 ------------
diff --git a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
index 046cb2b268..60dec86d37 100755
--- a/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
+++ b/contrib/hg-to-git/hg-to-git.py
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ import os, os.path, sys
 import tempfile, pickle, getopt
 import re
 
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02030000:
+   # The behavior of the pickle module changed significantly in 2.3
+   sys.stderr.write("hg-to-git.py: requires Python 2.3 or later.\n")
+   sys.exit(1)
+
 # Maps hg version -> git version
 hgvers = {}
 # List of children for each hg revision
@@ -220,7 +225,7 @@ for cset in range(int(tip) + 1):
     os.system('git ls-files -x .hg --deleted | git update-index --remove --stdin')
 
     # commit
-    os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git commit --allow-empty -a -F %s' % filecomment)
+    os.system(getgitenv(user, date) + 'git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message -a -F %s' % filecomment)
     os.unlink(filecomment)
 
     # tag
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/CHANGES b/contrib/hooks/multimail/CHANGES
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3603d56c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/CHANGES
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Release 1.0.0
+=============
+
+* Fix encoding of non-ASCII email addresses in email headers.
+
+* Fix backwards-compatibility bugs for older Python 2.x versions.
+
+* Fix a backwards-compatibility bug for Git 1.7.1.
+
+* Add an option commitDiffOpts to customize logs for revisions.
+
+* Pass "-oi" to sendmail by default to prevent premature termination
+  on a line containing only ".".
+
+* Stagger email "Date:" values in an attempt to help mail clients
+  thread the emails in the right order.
+
+* If a mailing list setting is missing, just skip sending the
+  corresponding email (with a warning) instead of failing.
+
+* Add a X-Git-Host header that can be used for email filtering.
+
+* Allow the sender's fully-qualified domain name to be configured.
+
+* Minor documentation improvements.
+
+* Add this CHANGES file.
+
+
+Release 0.9.0
+=============
+
+* Initial release.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..477d65fed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+			   git-multimail
+			   =============
+
+git-multimail is a tool for sending notification emails on pushes to a
+Git repository.  It includes a Python module called git_multimail.py,
+which can either be used as a hook script directly or can be imported
+as a Python module into another script.
+
+git-multimail is derived from the Git project's old
+contrib/hooks/post-receive-email, and is mostly compatible with that
+script.  See README.migrate-from-post-receive-email for details about
+the differences and for how to migrate from post-receive-email to
+git-multimail.
+
+git-multimail, like the rest of the Git project, is licensed under
+GPLv2 (see the COPYING file for details).
+
+Please note: although, as a convenience, git-multimail may be
+distributed along with the main Git project, development of
+git-multimail takes place in its own, separate project.  See section
+"Getting involved" below for more information.
+
+
+By default, for each push received by the repository, git-multimail:
+
+1. Outputs one email summarizing each reference that was changed.
+   These "reference change" (called "refchange" below) emails describe
+   the nature of the change (e.g., was the reference created, deleted,
+   fast-forwarded, etc.) and include a one-line summary of each commit
+   that was added to the reference.
+
+2. Outputs one email for each new commit that was introduced by the
+   reference change.  These "commit" emails include a list of the
+   files changed by the commit, followed by the diffs of files
+   modified by the commit.  The commit emails are threaded to the
+   corresponding reference change email via "In-Reply-To".  This style
+   (similar to the "git format-patch" style used on the Git mailing
+   list) makes it easy to scan through the emails, jump to patches
+   that need further attention, and write comments about specific
+   commits.  Commits are handled in reverse topological order (i.e.,
+   parents shown before children).  For example,
+
+   [git] branch master updated
+   + [git] 01/08: doc: fix xref link from api docs to manual pages
+   + [git] 02/08: api-credentials.txt: show the big picture first
+   + [git] 03/08: api-credentials.txt: mention credential.helper explicitly
+   + [git] 04/08: api-credentials.txt: add "see also" section
+   + [git] 05/08: t3510 (cherry-pick-sequence): add missing '&&'
+   + [git] 06/08: Merge branch 'rr/maint-t3510-cascade-fix'
+   + [git] 07/08: Merge branch 'mm/api-credentials-doc'
+   + [git] 08/08: Git 1.7.11-rc2
+
+   Each commit appears in exactly one commit email, the first time
+   that it is pushed to the repository.  If a commit is later merged
+   into another branch, then a one-line summary of the commit is
+   included in the reference change email (as usual), but no
+   additional commit email is generated.
+
+   By default, reference change emails have their "Reply-To" field set
+   to the person who pushed the change, and commit emails have their
+   "Reply-To" field set to the author of the commit.
+
+3. Output one "announce" mail for each new annotated tag, including
+   information about the tag and optionally a shortlog describing the
+   changes since the previous tag.  Such emails might be useful if you
+   use annotated tags to mark releases of your project.
+
+
+Requirements
+------------
+
+* Python 2.x, version 2.4 or later.  No non-standard Python modules
+  are required.  git-multimail does *not* currently work with Python
+  3.x.
+
+  The example scripts invoke Python using the following shebang line
+  (following PEP 394 [1]):
+
+      #! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+  If your system's Python2 interpreter is not in your PATH or is not
+  called "python2", you can change the lines accordingly.  Or you can
+  invoke the Python interpreter explicitly, for example via a tiny
+  shell script like
+
+      #! /bin/sh
+      /usr/local/bin/python /path/to/git_multimail.py "$@"
+
+* The "git" command must be in your PATH.  git-multimail is known to
+  work with Git versions back to 1.7.1.  (Earlier versions have not
+  been tested; if you do so, please report your results.)
+
+* To send emails using the default configuration, a standard sendmail
+  program must be located at '/usr/sbin/sendmail' or
+  '/usr/lib/sendmail' and must be configured correctly to send emails.
+  If this is not the case, set multimailhook.sendmailCommand, or see
+  the multimailhook.mailer configuration variable below for how to
+  configure git-multimail to send emails via an SMTP server.
+
+
+Invocation
+----------
+
+git_multimail.py is designed to be used as a "post-receive" hook in a
+Git repository (see githooks(5)).  Link or copy it to
+$GIT_DIR/hooks/post-receive within the repository for which email
+notifications are desired.  Usually it should be installed on the
+central repository for a project, to which all commits are eventually
+pushed.
+
+For use on pre-v1.5.1 Git servers, git_multimail.py can also work as
+an "update" hook, taking its arguments on the command line.  To use
+this script in this manner, link or copy it to $GIT_DIR/hooks/update.
+Please note that the script is not completely reliable in this mode
+[2].
+
+Alternatively, git_multimail.py can be imported as a Python module
+into your own Python post-receive script.  This method is a bit more
+work, but allows the behavior of the hook to be customized using
+arbitrary Python code.  For example, you can use a custom environment
+(perhaps inheriting from GenericEnvironment or GitoliteEnvironment) to
+
+* change how the user who did the push is determined
+
+* read users' email addresses from an LDAP server or from a database
+
+* decide which users should be notified about which commits based on
+  the contents of the commits (e.g., for users who want to be notified
+  only about changes affecting particular files or subdirectories)
+
+Or you can change how emails are sent by writing your own Mailer
+class.  The "post-receive" script in this directory demonstrates how
+to use git_multimail.py as a Python module.  (If you make interesting
+changes of this type, please consider sharing them with the
+community.)
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+By default, git-multimail mostly takes its configuration from the
+following "git config" settings:
+
+multimailhook.environment
+
+    This describes the general environment of the repository.
+    Currently supported values:
+
+    "generic" -- the username of the pusher is read from $USER and the
+        repository name is derived from the repository's path.
+
+    "gitolite" -- the username of the pusher is read from $GL_USER and
+        the repository name from $GL_REPO.
+
+    If neither of these environments is suitable for your setup, then
+    you can implement a Python class that inherits from Environment
+    and instantiate it via a script that looks like the example
+    post-receive script.
+
+    The environment value can be specified on the command line using
+    the --environment option.  If it is not specified on the command
+    line or by multimailhook.environment, then it defaults to
+    "gitolite" if the environment contains variables $GL_USER and
+    $GL_REPO; otherwise "generic".
+
+multimailhook.repoName
+
+    A short name of this Git repository, to be used in various places
+    in the notification email text.  The default is to use $GL_REPO
+    for gitolite repositories, or otherwise to derive this value from
+    the repository path name.
+
+multimailhook.mailingList
+
+    The list of email addresses to which notification emails should be
+    sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by commas.  This
+    configuration option can be multivalued.  Leave it unset or set it
+    to the empty string to not send emails by default.  The next few
+    settings can be used to configure specific address lists for
+    specific types of notification email.
+
+multimailhook.refchangeList
+
+    The list of email addresses to which summary emails about
+    reference changes should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses
+    separated by commas.  This configuration option can be
+    multivalued.  The default is the value in
+    multimailhook.mailingList.  Set this value to the empty string to
+    prevent reference change emails from being sent even if
+    multimailhook.mailingList is set.
+
+multimailhook.announceList
+
+    The list of email addresses to which emails about new annotated
+    tags should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by
+    commas.  This configuration option can be multivalued.  The
+    default is the value in multimailhook.refchangeList or
+    multimailhook.mailingList.  Set this value to the empty string to
+    prevent annotated tag announcement emails from being sent even if
+    one of the other values is set.
+
+multimailhook.commitList
+
+    The list of email addresses to which emails about individual new
+    commits should be sent, as RFC 2822 email addresses separated by
+    commas.  This configuration option can be multivalued.  The
+    default is the value in multimailhook.mailingList.  Set this value
+    to the empty string to prevent notification emails about
+    individual commits from being sent even if
+    multimailhook.mailingList is set.
+
+multimailhook.announceShortlog
+
+    If this option is set to true, then emails about changes to
+    annotated tags include a shortlog of changes since the previous
+    tag.  This can be useful if the annotated tags represent releases;
+    then the shortlog will be a kind of rough summary of what has
+    happened since the last release.  But if your tagging policy is
+    not so straightforward, then the shortlog might be confusing
+    rather than useful.  Default is false.
+
+multimailhook.refchangeShowLog
+
+    If this option is set to true, then summary emails about reference
+    changes will include a detailed log of the added commits in
+    addition to the one line summary.  The log is generated by running
+    "git log" with the options specified in multimailhook.logOpts.
+    Default is false.
+
+multimailhook.mailer
+
+    This option changes the way emails are sent.  Accepted values are:
+
+    - sendmail (the default): use the command /usr/sbin/sendmail or
+      /usr/lib/sendmail (or sendmailCommand, if configured).  This
+      mode can be further customized via the following options:
+
+       multimailhook.sendmailCommand
+
+           The command used by mailer "sendmail" to send emails.  Shell
+           quoting is allowed in the value of this setting, but remember that
+           Git requires double-quotes to be escaped; e.g.,
+
+             git config multimailhook.sendmailcommand '/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t -F \"Git Repo\"'
+
+           Default is '/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t' or
+           '/usr/lib/sendmail -oi -t' (depending on which file is
+           present and executable).
+
+       multimailhook.envelopeSender
+
+           If set then pass this value to sendmail via the -f option to set
+           the envelope sender address.
+
+    - smtp: use Python's smtplib.  This is useful when the sendmail
+      command is not available on the system.  This mode can be
+      further customized via the following options:
+
+       multimailhook.smtpServer
+
+           The name of the SMTP server to connect to.  The value can
+           also include a colon and a port number; e.g.,
+           "mail.example.com:25".  Default is 'localhost' using port
+           25.
+
+       multimailhook.envelopeSender
+
+           The sender address to be passed to the SMTP server.  If
+           unset, then the value of multimailhook.from is used.
+
+multimailhook.from
+
+    If set then use this value in the From: field of generated emails.
+    If unset, then use the repository's user configuration (user.name
+    and user.email).  If user.email is also unset, then use
+    multimailhook.envelopeSender.
+
+multimailhook.administrator
+
+    The name and/or email address of the administrator of the Git
+    repository; used in FOOTER_TEMPLATE.  Default is
+    multimailhook.envelopesender if it is set; otherwise a generic
+    string is used.
+
+multimailhook.emailPrefix
+
+    All emails have this string prepended to their subjects, to aid
+    email filtering (though filtering based on the X-Git-* email
+    headers is probably more robust).  Default is the short name of
+    the repository in square brackets; e.g., "[myrepo]".
+
+multimailhook.emailMaxLines
+
+    The maximum number of lines that should be included in the body of
+    a generated email.  If not specified, there is no limit.  Lines
+    beyond the limit are suppressed and counted, and a final line is
+    added indicating the number of suppressed lines.
+
+multimailhook.emailMaxLineLength
+
+    The maximum length of a line in the email body.  Lines longer than
+    this limit are truncated to this length with a trailing " [...]"
+    added to indicate the missing text.  The default is 500, because
+    (a) diffs with longer lines are probably from binary files, for
+    which a diff is useless, and (b) even if a text file has such long
+    lines, the diffs are probably unreadable anyway.  To disable line
+    truncation, set this option to 0.
+
+multimailhook.maxCommitEmails
+
+    The maximum number of commit emails to send for a given change.
+    When the number of patches is larger that this value, only the
+    summary refchange email is sent.  This can avoid accidental
+    mailbombing, for example on an initial push.  To disable commit
+    emails limit, set this option to 0.  The default is 500.
+
+multimailhook.emailStrictUTF8
+
+    If this boolean option is set to "true", then the main part of the
+    email body is forced to be valid UTF-8.  Any characters that are
+    not valid UTF-8 are converted to the Unicode replacement
+    character, U+FFFD.  The default is "true".
+
+multimailhook.diffOpts
+
+    Options passed to "git diff-tree" when generating the summary
+    information for ReferenceChange emails.  Default is "--stat
+    --summary --find-copies-harder".  Add -p to those options to
+    include a unified diff of changes in addition to the usual summary
+    output.  Shell quoting is allowed; see multimailhook.logOpts for
+    details.
+
+multimailhook.logOpts
+
+    Options passed to "git log" to generate additional info for
+    reference change emails (used only if refchangeShowLog is set).
+    For example, adding --graph will show the graph of revisions, -p
+    will show the complete diff, etc.  The default is empty.
+
+    Shell quoting is allowed; for example, a log format that contains
+    spaces can be specified using something like:
+
+      git config multimailhook.logopts '--pretty=format:"%h %aN <%aE>%n%s%n%n%b%n"'
+
+    If you want to set this by editing your configuration file
+    directly, remember that Git requires double-quotes to be escaped
+    (see git-config(1) for more information):
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              logopts = --pretty=format:\"%h %aN <%aE>%n%s%n%n%b%n\"
+
+multimailhook.commitLogOpts
+
+    Options passed to "git log" to generate additional info for
+    revision change emails.  For example, adding --ignore-all-spaces
+    will suppress whitespace changes.  The default options are "-C
+    --stat -p --cc".  Shell quoting is allowed; see
+    multimailhook.logOpts for details.
+
+multimailhook.emailDomain
+
+    Domain name appended to the username of the person doing the push
+    to convert it into an email address (via "%s@%s" % (username,
+    emaildomain)).  More complicated schemes can be implemented by
+    overriding Environment and overriding its get_pusher_email()
+    method.
+
+multimailhook.replyTo
+multimailhook.replyToCommit
+multimailhook.replyToRefchange
+
+    Addresses to use in the Reply-To: field for commit emails
+    (replyToCommit) and refchange emails (replyToRefchange).
+    multimailhook.replyTo is used as default when replyToCommit or
+    replyToRefchange is not set.  The value for these variables can be
+    either:
+
+    - An email address, which will be used directly.
+
+    - The value "pusher", in which case the pusher's address (if
+      available) will be used.  This is the default for refchange
+      emails.
+
+    - The value "author" (meaningful only for replyToCommit), in which
+      case the commit author's address will be used.  This is the
+      default for commit emails.
+
+    - The value "none", in which case the Reply-To: field will be
+      omitted.
+
+
+Email filtering aids
+--------------------
+
+All emails include extra headers to enable fine tuned filtering and
+give information for debugging.  All emails include the headers
+"X-Git-Host", "X-Git-Repo", "X-Git-Refname", and "X-Git-Reftype".
+ReferenceChange emails also include headers "X-Git-Oldrev" and "X-Git-Newrev";
+Revision emails also include header "X-Git-Rev".
+
+
+Customizing email contents
+--------------------------
+
+git-multimail mostly generates emails by expanding templates.  The
+templates can be customized.  To avoid the need to edit
+git_multimail.py directly, the preferred way to change the templates
+is to write a separate Python script that imports git_multimail.py as
+a module, then replaces the templates in place.  See the provided
+post-receive script for an example of how this is done.
+
+
+Customizing git-multimail for your environment
+----------------------------------------------
+
+git-multimail is mostly customized via an "environment" that describes
+the local environment in which Git is running.  Two types of
+environment are built in:
+
+* GenericEnvironment: a stand-alone Git repository.
+
+* GitoliteEnvironment: a Git repository that is managed by gitolite
+  [3].  For such repositories, the identity of the pusher is read from
+  environment variable $GL_USER, and the name of the repository is
+  read from $GL_REPO (if it is not overridden by
+  multimailhook.reponame).
+
+By default, git-multimail assumes GitoliteEnvironment if $GL_USER and
+$GL_REPO are set, and otherwise assumes GenericEnvironment.
+Alternatively, you can choose one of these two environments explicitly
+by setting a "multimailhook.environment" config setting (which can
+have the value "generic" or "gitolite") or by passing an --environment
+option to the script.
+
+If you need to customize the script in ways that are not supported by
+the existing environments, you can define your own environment class
+class using arbitrary Python code.  To do so, you need to import
+git_multimail.py as a Python module, as demonstrated by the example
+post-receive script.  Then implement your environment class; it should
+usually inherit from one of the existing Environment classes and
+possibly one or more of the EnvironmentMixin classes.  Then set the
+"environment" variable to an instance of your own environment class
+and pass it to run_as_post_receive_hook().
+
+The standard environment classes, GenericEnvironment and
+GitoliteEnvironment, are in fact themselves put together out of a
+number of mixin classes, each of which handles one aspect of the
+customization.  For the finest control over your configuration, you
+can specify exactly which mixin classes your own environment class
+should inherit from, and override individual methods (or even add your
+own mixin classes) to implement entirely new behaviors.  If you
+implement any mixins that might be useful to other people, please
+consider sharing them with the community!
+
+
+Getting involved
+----------------
+
+git-multimail is an open-source project, built by volunteers.  We
+would welcome your help!
+
+The current maintainer is Michael Haggerty <mhagger@alum.mit.edu>.
+
+General discussion of git-multimail takes place on the main Git
+mailing list,
+
+    git@vger.kernel.org
+
+Please CC emails regarding git-multimail to me so that I don't
+overlook them.
+
+The git-multimail project itself is currently hosted on GitHub:
+
+    https://github.com/mhagger/git-multimail
+
+We use the GitHub issue tracker to keep track of bugs and feature
+requests, and GitHub pull requests to exchange patches (though, if you
+prefer, you can send patches via the Git mailing list with cc to me).
+Please sign off your patches as per the Git project practice.
+
+Please note that although a copy of git-multimail will probably be
+distributed in the "contrib" section of the main Git project,
+development takes place in the separate git-multimail repository on
+GitHub!  (Whenever enough changes to git-multimail have accumulated, a
+new code-drop of git-multimail will be submitted for inclusion in the
+Git project.)
+
+
+Footnotes
+---------
+
+[1] http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/
+
+[2] Because of the way information is passed to update hooks, the
+    script's method of determining whether a commit has already been
+    seen does not work when it is used as an "update" script.  In
+    particular, no notification email will be generated for a new
+    commit that is added to multiple references in the same push.
+
+[3] https://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..129b771410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.Git
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+This copy of git-multimail is distributed as part of the "contrib"
+section of the Git project as a convenience to Git users.
+git-multimail is developed as an independent project at the following
+website:
+
+    https://github.com/mhagger/git-multimail
+
+The version in this directory was obtained from the upstream project
+on 2014-04-07 and consists of the "git-multimail" subdirectory from
+revision
+
+    1b32653bafc4f902535b9fc1cd9cae911325b870
+
+Please see the README file in this directory for information about how
+to report bugs or contribute to git-multimail.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e6a976699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/README.migrate-from-post-receive-email
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+git-multimail is close to, but not exactly, a plug-in replacement for
+the old Git project script contrib/hooks/post-receive-email.  This
+document describes the differences and explains how to configure
+git-multimail to get behavior closest to that of post-receive-email.
+
+If you are in a hurry
+=====================
+
+A script called migrate-mailhook-config is included with
+git-multimail.  If you run this script within a Git repository that is
+configured to use post-receive-email, it will convert the
+configuration settings into the approximate equivalent settings for
+git-multimail.  For more information, run
+
+    migrate-mailhook-config --help
+
+
+Configuration differences
+=========================
+
+* The names of the config options for git-multimail are in namespace
+  "multimailhook.*" instead of "hooks.*".  (Editorial comment:
+  post-receive-email should never have used such a generic top-level
+  namespace.)
+
+* In emails about new annotated tags, post-receive-email includes a
+  shortlog of all changes since the previous annotated tag.  To get
+  this behavior with git-multimail, you need to set
+  multimailhook.announceshortlog to true:
+
+      git config multimailhook.announceshortlog true
+
+* multimailhook.commitlist -- This is a new configuration variable.
+  Recipients listed here will receive a separate email for each new
+  commit.  However, if this variable is *not* set, it defaults to the
+  value of multimailhook.mailinglist.  Therefore, if you *don't* want
+  the members of multimailhook.mailinglist to receive one email per
+  commit, then set this value to the empty string:
+
+      git config multimailhook.commitlist ''
+
+* multimailhook.emailprefix -- If this value is not set, then the
+  subjects of generated emails are prefixed with the short name of the
+  repository enclosed in square brackets; e.g., "[myrepo]".
+  post-receive-email defaults to prefix "[SCM]" if this option is not
+  set.  So if you were using the old default and want to retain it
+  (for example, to avoid having to change your email filters), set
+  this variable explicitly to the old value:
+
+      git config multimailhook.emailprefix "[SCM]"
+
+* The "multimailhook.showrev" configuration option is not supported.
+  Its main use is obsoleted by the one-email-per-commit feature of
+  git-multimail.
+
+
+Other differences
+=================
+
+This section describes other differences in the behavior of
+git-multimail vs. post-receive-email.  For full details, please refer
+to the main README file:
+
+* One email per commit.  For each reference change, the script first
+  outputs one email summarizing the reference change (including
+  one-line summaries of the new commits), then it outputs a separate
+  email for each new commit that was introduced, including patches.
+  These one-email-per-commit emails go to the addresses listed in
+  multimailhook.commitlist.  post-receive-email sends only one email
+  for each *reference* that is changed, no matter how many commits
+  were added to the reference.
+
+* Better algorithm for detecting new commits.  post-receive-email
+  processes one reference change at a time, which causes it to fail to
+  describe new commits that were included in multiple branches.  For
+  example, if a single push adds the "*" commits in the diagram below,
+  then post-receive-email would never include the details of the two
+  commits that are common to "master" and "branch" in its
+  notifications.
+
+      o---o---o---*---*---*    <-- master
+                       \
+                        *---*  <-- branch
+
+  git-multimail analyzes all reference modifications to determine
+  which commits were not present before the change, therefore avoiding
+  that error.
+
+* In reference change emails, git-multimail tells which commits have
+  been added to the reference vs. are entirely new to the repository,
+  and which commits that have been omitted from the reference
+  vs. entirely discarded from the repository.
+
+* The environment in which Git is running can be configured via an
+  "Environment" abstraction.
+
+* Built-in support for Gitolite-managed repositories.
+
+* Instead of using full SHA1 object names in emails, git-multimail
+  mostly uses abbreviated SHA1s, plus one-line log message summaries
+  where appropriate.
+
+* In the schematic diagrams that explain non-fast-forward commits,
+  git-multimail shows the names of the branches involved.
+
+* The emails generated by git-multimail include the name of the Git
+  repository that was modified; this is convenient for recipients who
+  are monitoring multiple repositories.
+
+* git-multimail allows the email "From" addresses to be configured.
+
+* The recipients lists (multimailhook.mailinglist,
+  multimailhook.refchangelist, multimailhook.announcelist, and
+  multimailhook.commitlist) can be comma-separated values and/or
+  multivalued settings in the config file; e.g.,
+
+      [multimailhook]
+              mailinglist = mr.brown@example.com, mr.black@example.com
+              announcelist = Him <him@example.com>
+              announcelist = Jim <jim@example.com>
+              announcelist = pop@example.com
+
+  This might make it easier to maintain short recipients lists without
+  requiring full-fledged mailing list software.
+
+* By default, git-multimail sets email "Reply-To" headers to reply to
+  the pusher (for reference updates) and to the author (for commit
+  notifications).  By default, the pusher's email address is
+  constructed by appending "multimailhook.emaildomain" to the pusher's
+  username.
+
+* The generated emails contain a configurable footer.  By default, it
+  lists the name of the administrator who should be contacted to
+  unsubscribe from notification emails.
+
+* New option multimailhook.emailmaxlinelength to limit the length of
+  lines in the main part of the email body.  The default limit is 500
+  characters.
+
+* New option multimailhook.emailstrictutf8 to ensure that the main
+  part of the email body is valid UTF-8.  Invalid characters are
+  turned into the Unicode replacement character, U+FFFD.  By default
+  this option is turned on.
+
+* Written in Python.  Easier to add new features.
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py b/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8b58ed6444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/git_multimail.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2539 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+# Copyright (c) 2012-2014 Michael Haggerty and others
+# Derived from contrib/hooks/post-receive-email, which is
+# Copyright (c) 2007 Andy Parkins
+# and also includes contributions by other authors.
+#
+# This file is part of git-multimail.
+#
+# git-multimail is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version
+# 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see
+# <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Generate notification emails for pushes to a git repository.
+
+This hook sends emails describing changes introduced by pushes to a
+git repository.  For each reference that was changed, it emits one
+ReferenceChange email summarizing how the reference was changed,
+followed by one Revision email for each new commit that was introduced
+by the reference change.
+
+Each commit is announced in exactly one Revision email.  If the same
+commit is merged into another branch in the same or a later push, then
+the ReferenceChange email will list the commit's SHA1 and its one-line
+summary, but no new Revision email will be generated.
+
+This script is designed to be used as a "post-receive" hook in a git
+repository (see githooks(5)).  It can also be used as an "update"
+script, but this usage is not completely reliable and is deprecated.
+
+To help with debugging, this script accepts a --stdout option, which
+causes the emails to be written to standard output rather than sent
+using sendmail.
+
+See the accompanying README file for the complete documentation.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+import re
+import bisect
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import shlex
+import optparse
+import smtplib
+import time
+
+try:
+    from email.utils import make_msgid
+    from email.utils import getaddresses
+    from email.utils import formataddr
+    from email.utils import formatdate
+    from email.header import Header
+except ImportError:
+    # Prior to Python 2.5, the email module used different names:
+    from email.Utils import make_msgid
+    from email.Utils import getaddresses
+    from email.Utils import formataddr
+    from email.Utils import formatdate
+    from email.Header import Header
+
+
+DEBUG = False
+
+ZEROS = '0' * 40
+LOGBEGIN = '- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------\n'
+LOGEND = '-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n'
+
+ADDR_HEADERS = set(['from', 'to', 'cc', 'bcc', 'reply-to', 'sender'])
+
+# It is assumed in many places that the encoding is uniformly UTF-8,
+# so changing these constants is unsupported.  But define them here
+# anyway, to make it easier to find (at least most of) the places
+# where the encoding is important.
+(ENCODING, CHARSET) = ('UTF-8', 'utf-8')
+
+
+REF_CREATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s created'
+    ' (now %(newrev_short)s)'
+    )
+REF_UPDATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s updated'
+    ' (%(oldrev_short)s -> %(newrev_short)s)'
+    )
+REF_DELETED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE = (
+    '%(emailprefix)s%(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s deleted'
+    ' (was %(oldrev_short)s)'
+    )
+
+REFCHANGE_HEADER_TEMPLATE = """\
+Date: %(send_date)s
+To: %(recipients)s
+Subject: %(subject)s
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=%(charset)s
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Message-ID: %(msgid)s
+From: %(fromaddr)s
+Reply-To: %(reply_to)s
+X-Git-Host: %(fqdn)s
+X-Git-Repo: %(repo_shortname)s
+X-Git-Refname: %(refname)s
+X-Git-Reftype: %(refname_type)s
+X-Git-Oldrev: %(oldrev)s
+X-Git-Newrev: %(newrev)s
+Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
+"""
+
+REFCHANGE_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.
+
+%(pusher)s pushed a change to %(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s
+in repository %(repo_shortname)s.
+
+"""
+
+
+FOOTER_TEMPLATE = """\
+
+-- \n\
+To stop receiving notification emails like this one, please contact
+%(administrator)s.
+"""
+
+
+REWIND_ONLY_TEMPLATE = """\
+This update removed existing revisions from the reference, leaving the
+reference pointing at a previous point in the repository history.
+
+ * -- * -- N   %(refname)s (%(newrev_short)s)
+            \\
+             O -- O -- O   (%(oldrev_short)s)
+
+Any revisions marked "omits" are not gone; other references still
+refer to them.  Any revisions marked "discards" are gone forever.
+"""
+
+
+NON_FF_TEMPLATE = """\
+This update added new revisions after undoing existing revisions.
+That is to say, some revisions that were in the old version of the
+%(refname_type)s are not in the new version.  This situation occurs
+when a user --force pushes a change and generates a repository
+containing something like this:
+
+ * -- * -- B -- O -- O -- O   (%(oldrev_short)s)
+            \\
+             N -- N -- N   %(refname)s (%(newrev_short)s)
+
+You should already have received notification emails for all of the O
+revisions, and so the following emails describe only the N revisions
+from the common base, B.
+
+Any revisions marked "omits" are not gone; other references still
+refer to them.  Any revisions marked "discards" are gone forever.
+"""
+
+
+NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+No new revisions were added by this update.
+"""
+
+
+DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+This change permanently discards the following revisions:
+"""
+
+
+NO_DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+The revisions that were on this %(refname_type)s are still contained in
+other references; therefore, this change does not discard any commits
+from the repository.
+"""
+
+
+NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE = """\
+The %(tot)s revisions listed above as "new" are entirely new to this
+repository and will be described in separate emails.  The revisions
+listed as "adds" were already present in the repository and have only
+been added to this reference.
+
+"""
+
+
+TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE = """\
+        at  %(newrev_short)-9s (%(newrev_type)s)
+"""
+
+
+TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE = """\
+*** WARNING: tag %(short_refname)s was modified! ***
+
+      from  %(oldrev_short)-9s (%(oldrev_type)s)
+        to  %(newrev_short)-9s (%(newrev_type)s)
+"""
+
+
+TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE = """\
+*** WARNING: tag %(short_refname)s was deleted! ***
+
+"""
+
+
+# The template used in summary tables.  It looks best if this uses the
+# same alignment as TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE and TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE.
+BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE = """\
+%(action)10s  %(rev_short)-9s %(text)s
+"""
+
+
+NON_COMMIT_UPDATE_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an unusual reference change because the reference did not
+refer to a commit either before or after the change.  We do not know
+how to provide full information about this reference change.
+"""
+
+
+REVISION_HEADER_TEMPLATE = """\
+Date: %(send_date)s
+To: %(recipients)s
+Subject: %(emailprefix)s%(num)02d/%(tot)02d: %(oneline)s
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=%(charset)s
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+From: %(fromaddr)s
+Reply-To: %(reply_to)s
+In-Reply-To: %(reply_to_msgid)s
+References: %(reply_to_msgid)s
+X-Git-Host: %(fqdn)s
+X-Git-Repo: %(repo_shortname)s
+X-Git-Refname: %(refname)s
+X-Git-Reftype: %(refname_type)s
+X-Git-Rev: %(rev)s
+Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
+"""
+
+REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE = """\
+This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script.
+
+%(pusher)s pushed a commit to %(refname_type)s %(short_refname)s
+in repository %(repo_shortname)s.
+
+"""
+
+
+REVISION_FOOTER_TEMPLATE = FOOTER_TEMPLATE
+
+
+class CommandError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, cmd, retcode):
+        self.cmd = cmd
+        self.retcode = retcode
+        Exception.__init__(
+            self,
+            'Command "%s" failed with retcode %s' % (' '.join(cmd), retcode,)
+            )
+
+
+class ConfigurationException(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# The "git" program (this could be changed to include a full path):
+GIT_EXECUTABLE = 'git'
+
+
+# How "git" should be invoked (including global arguments), as a list
+# of words.  This variable is usually initialized automatically by
+# read_git_output() via choose_git_command(), but if a value is set
+# here then it will be used unconditionally.
+GIT_CMD = None
+
+
+def choose_git_command():
+    """Decide how to invoke git, and record the choice in GIT_CMD."""
+
+    global GIT_CMD
+
+    if GIT_CMD is None:
+        try:
+            # Check to see whether the "-c" option is accepted (it was
+            # only added in Git 1.7.2).  We don't actually use the
+            # output of "git --version", though if we needed more
+            # specific version information this would be the place to
+            # do it.
+            cmd = [GIT_EXECUTABLE, '-c', 'foo.bar=baz', '--version']
+            read_output(cmd)
+            GIT_CMD = [GIT_EXECUTABLE, '-c', 'i18n.logoutputencoding=%s' % (ENCODING,)]
+        except CommandError:
+            GIT_CMD = [GIT_EXECUTABLE]
+
+
+def read_git_output(args, input=None, keepends=False, **kw):
+    """Read the output of a Git command."""
+
+    if GIT_CMD is None:
+        choose_git_command()
+
+    return read_output(GIT_CMD + args, input=input, keepends=keepends, **kw)
+
+
+def read_output(cmd, input=None, keepends=False, **kw):
+    if input:
+        stdin = subprocess.PIPE
+    else:
+        stdin = None
+    p = subprocess.Popen(
+        cmd, stdin=stdin, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, **kw
+        )
+    (out, err) = p.communicate(input)
+    retcode = p.wait()
+    if retcode:
+        raise CommandError(cmd, retcode)
+    if not keepends:
+        out = out.rstrip('\n\r')
+    return out
+
+
+def read_git_lines(args, keepends=False, **kw):
+    """Return the lines output by Git command.
+
+    Return as single lines, with newlines stripped off."""
+
+    return read_git_output(args, keepends=True, **kw).splitlines(keepends)
+
+
+def header_encode(text, header_name=None):
+    """Encode and line-wrap the value of an email header field."""
+
+    try:
+        if isinstance(text, str):
+            text = text.decode(ENCODING, 'replace')
+        return Header(text, header_name=header_name).encode()
+    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        return Header(text, header_name=header_name, charset=CHARSET,
+                      errors='replace').encode()
+
+
+def addr_header_encode(text, header_name=None):
+    """Encode and line-wrap the value of an email header field containing
+    email addresses."""
+
+    return Header(
+        ', '.join(
+            formataddr((header_encode(name), emailaddr))
+            for name, emailaddr in getaddresses([text])
+            ),
+        header_name=header_name
+        ).encode()
+
+
+class Config(object):
+    def __init__(self, section, git_config=None):
+        """Represent a section of the git configuration.
+
+        If git_config is specified, it is passed to "git config" in
+        the GIT_CONFIG environment variable, meaning that "git config"
+        will read the specified path rather than the Git default
+        config paths."""
+
+        self.section = section
+        if git_config:
+            self.env = os.environ.copy()
+            self.env['GIT_CONFIG'] = git_config
+        else:
+            self.env = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _split(s):
+        """Split NUL-terminated values."""
+
+        words = s.split('\0')
+        assert words[-1] == ''
+        return words[:-1]
+
+    def get(self, name, default=None):
+        try:
+            values = self._split(read_git_output(
+                    ['config', '--get', '--null', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                    env=self.env, keepends=True,
+                    ))
+            assert len(values) == 1
+            return values[0]
+        except CommandError:
+            return default
+
+    def get_bool(self, name, default=None):
+        try:
+            value = read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--get', '--bool', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env,
+                )
+        except CommandError:
+            return default
+        return value == 'true'
+
+    def get_all(self, name, default=None):
+        """Read a (possibly multivalued) setting from the configuration.
+
+        Return the result as a list of values, or default if the name
+        is unset."""
+
+        try:
+            return self._split(read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--get-all', '--null', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env, keepends=True,
+                ))
+        except CommandError, e:
+            if e.retcode == 1:
+                # "the section or key is invalid"; i.e., there is no
+                # value for the specified key.
+                return default
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def get_recipients(self, name, default=None):
+        """Read a recipients list from the configuration.
+
+        Return the result as a comma-separated list of email
+        addresses, or default if the option is unset.  If the setting
+        has multiple values, concatenate them with comma separators."""
+
+        lines = self.get_all(name, default=None)
+        if lines is None:
+            return default
+        return ', '.join(line.strip() for line in lines)
+
+    def set(self, name, value):
+        read_git_output(
+            ['config', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name), value],
+            env=self.env,
+            )
+
+    def add(self, name, value):
+        read_git_output(
+            ['config', '--add', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name), value],
+            env=self.env,
+            )
+
+    def has_key(self, name):
+        return self.get_all(name, default=None) is not None
+
+    def unset_all(self, name):
+        try:
+            read_git_output(
+                ['config', '--unset-all', '%s.%s' % (self.section, name)],
+                env=self.env,
+                )
+        except CommandError, e:
+            if e.retcode == 5:
+                # The name doesn't exist, which is what we wanted anyway...
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def set_recipients(self, name, value):
+        self.unset_all(name)
+        for pair in getaddresses([value]):
+            self.add(name, formataddr(pair))
+
+
+def generate_summaries(*log_args):
+    """Generate a brief summary for each revision requested.
+
+    log_args are strings that will be passed directly to "git log" as
+    revision selectors.  Iterate over (sha1_short, subject) for each
+    commit specified by log_args (subject is the first line of the
+    commit message as a string without EOLs)."""
+
+    cmd = [
+        'log', '--abbrev', '--format=%h %s',
+        ] + list(log_args) + ['--']
+    for line in read_git_lines(cmd):
+        yield tuple(line.split(' ', 1))
+
+
+def limit_lines(lines, max_lines):
+    for (index, line) in enumerate(lines):
+        if index < max_lines:
+            yield line
+
+    if index >= max_lines:
+        yield '... %d lines suppressed ...\n' % (index + 1 - max_lines,)
+
+
+def limit_linelength(lines, max_linelength):
+    for line in lines:
+        # Don't forget that lines always include a trailing newline.
+        if len(line) > max_linelength + 1:
+            line = line[:max_linelength - 7] + ' [...]\n'
+        yield line
+
+
+class CommitSet(object):
+    """A (constant) set of object names.
+
+    The set should be initialized with full SHA1 object names.  The
+    __contains__() method returns True iff its argument is an
+    abbreviation of any the names in the set."""
+
+    def __init__(self, names):
+        self._names = sorted(names)
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._names)
+
+    def __contains__(self, sha1_abbrev):
+        """Return True iff this set contains sha1_abbrev (which might be abbreviated)."""
+
+        i = bisect.bisect_left(self._names, sha1_abbrev)
+        return i < len(self) and self._names[i].startswith(sha1_abbrev)
+
+
+class GitObject(object):
+    def __init__(self, sha1, type=None):
+        if sha1 == ZEROS:
+            self.sha1 = self.type = self.commit_sha1 = None
+        else:
+            self.sha1 = sha1
+            self.type = type or read_git_output(['cat-file', '-t', self.sha1])
+
+            if self.type == 'commit':
+                self.commit_sha1 = self.sha1
+            elif self.type == 'tag':
+                try:
+                    self.commit_sha1 = read_git_output(
+                        ['rev-parse', '--verify', '%s^0' % (self.sha1,)]
+                        )
+                except CommandError:
+                    # Cannot deref tag to determine commit_sha1
+                    self.commit_sha1 = None
+            else:
+                self.commit_sha1 = None
+
+        self.short = read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--short', sha1])
+
+    def get_summary(self):
+        """Return (sha1_short, subject) for this commit."""
+
+        if not self.sha1:
+            raise ValueError('Empty commit has no summary')
+
+        return iter(generate_summaries('--no-walk', self.sha1)).next()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, GitObject) and self.sha1 == other.sha1
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.sha1)
+
+    def __nonzero__(self):
+        return bool(self.sha1)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.sha1 or ZEROS
+
+
+class Change(object):
+    """A Change that has been made to the Git repository.
+
+    Abstract class from which both Revisions and ReferenceChanges are
+    derived.  A Change knows how to generate a notification email
+    describing itself."""
+
+    def __init__(self, environment):
+        self.environment = environment
+        self._values = None
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword : expansion} for this Change.
+
+        Derived classes overload this method to add more entries to
+        the return value.  This method is used internally by
+        get_values().  The return value should always be a new
+        dictionary."""
+
+        return self.environment.get_values()
+
+    def get_values(self, **extra_values):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword : expansion} for this Change.
+
+        Return a dictionary mapping keywords to the values that they
+        should be expanded to for this Change (used when interpolating
+        template strings).  If any keyword arguments are supplied, add
+        those to the return value as well.  The return value is always
+        a new dictionary."""
+
+        if self._values is None:
+            self._values = self._compute_values()
+
+        values = self._values.copy()
+        if extra_values:
+            values.update(extra_values)
+        return values
+
+    def expand(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Expand template.
+
+        Expand the template (which should be a string) using string
+        interpolation of the values for this Change.  If any keyword
+        arguments are provided, also include those in the keywords
+        available for interpolation."""
+
+        return template % self.get_values(**extra_values)
+
+    def expand_lines(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Break template into lines and expand each line."""
+
+        values = self.get_values(**extra_values)
+        for line in template.splitlines(True):
+            yield line % values
+
+    def expand_header_lines(self, template, **extra_values):
+        """Break template into lines and expand each line as an RFC 2822 header.
+
+        Encode values and split up lines that are too long.  Silently
+        skip lines that contain references to unknown variables."""
+
+        values = self.get_values(**extra_values)
+        for line in template.splitlines():
+            (name, value) = line.split(':', 1)
+
+            try:
+                value = value % values
+            except KeyError, e:
+                if DEBUG:
+                    sys.stderr.write(
+                        'Warning: unknown variable %r in the following line; line skipped:\n'
+                        '    %s\n'
+                        % (e.args[0], line,)
+                        )
+            else:
+                if name.lower() in ADDR_HEADERS:
+                    value = addr_header_encode(value, name)
+                else:
+                    value = header_encode(value, name)
+                for splitline in ('%s: %s\n' % (name, value)).splitlines(True):
+                    yield splitline
+
+    def generate_email_header(self):
+        """Generate the RFC 2822 email headers for this Change, a line at a time.
+
+        The output should not include the trailing blank line."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self):
+        """Generate the email intro for this Change, a line at a time.
+
+        The output will be used as the standard boilerplate at the top
+        of the email body."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_body(self):
+        """Generate the main part of the email body, a line at a time.
+
+        The text in the body might be truncated after a specified
+        number of lines (see multimailhook.emailmaxlines)."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self):
+        """Generate the footer of the email, a line at a time.
+
+        The footer is always included, irrespective of
+        multimailhook.emailmaxlines."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def generate_email(self, push, body_filter=None, extra_header_values={}):
+        """Generate an email describing this change.
+
+        Iterate over the lines (including the header lines) of an
+        email describing this change.  If body_filter is not None,
+        then use it to filter the lines that are intended for the
+        email body.
+
+        The extra_header_values field is received as a dict and not as
+        **kwargs, to allow passing other keyword arguments in the
+        future (e.g. passing extra values to generate_email_intro()"""
+
+        for line in self.generate_email_header(**extra_header_values):
+            yield line
+        yield '\n'
+        for line in self.generate_email_intro():
+            yield line
+
+        body = self.generate_email_body(push)
+        if body_filter is not None:
+            body = body_filter(body)
+        for line in body:
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.generate_email_footer():
+            yield line
+
+
+class Revision(Change):
+    """A Change consisting of a single git commit."""
+
+    def __init__(self, reference_change, rev, num, tot):
+        Change.__init__(self, reference_change.environment)
+        self.reference_change = reference_change
+        self.rev = rev
+        self.change_type = self.reference_change.change_type
+        self.refname = self.reference_change.refname
+        self.num = num
+        self.tot = tot
+        self.author = read_git_output(['log', '--no-walk', '--format=%aN <%aE>', self.rev.sha1])
+        self.recipients = self.environment.get_revision_recipients(self)
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        values = Change._compute_values(self)
+
+        oneline = read_git_output(
+            ['log', '--format=%s', '--no-walk', self.rev.sha1]
+            )
+
+        values['rev'] = self.rev.sha1
+        values['rev_short'] = self.rev.short
+        values['change_type'] = self.change_type
+        values['refname'] = self.refname
+        values['short_refname'] = self.reference_change.short_refname
+        values['refname_type'] = self.reference_change.refname_type
+        values['reply_to_msgid'] = self.reference_change.msgid
+        values['num'] = self.num
+        values['tot'] = self.tot
+        values['recipients'] = self.recipients
+        values['oneline'] = oneline
+        values['author'] = self.author
+
+        reply_to = self.environment.get_reply_to_commit(self)
+        if reply_to:
+            values['reply_to'] = reply_to
+
+        return values
+
+    def generate_email_header(self, **extra_values):
+        for line in self.expand_header_lines(
+            REVISION_HEADER_TEMPLATE, **extra_values
+            ):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self):
+        for line in self.expand_lines(REVISION_INTRO_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_body(self, push):
+        """Show this revision."""
+
+        return read_git_lines(
+            ['log'] + self.environment.commitlogopts + ['-1', self.rev.sha1],
+            keepends=True,
+            )
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self):
+        return self.expand_lines(REVISION_FOOTER_TEMPLATE)
+
+
+class ReferenceChange(Change):
+    """A Change to a Git reference.
+
+    An abstract class representing a create, update, or delete of a
+    Git reference.  Derived classes handle specific types of reference
+    (e.g., tags vs. branches).  These classes generate the main
+    reference change email summarizing the reference change and
+    whether it caused any any commits to be added or removed.
+
+    ReferenceChange objects are usually created using the static
+    create() method, which has the logic to decide which derived class
+    to instantiate."""
+
+    REF_RE = re.compile(r'^refs\/(?P<area>[^\/]+)\/(?P<shortname>.*)$')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create(environment, oldrev, newrev, refname):
+        """Return a ReferenceChange object representing the change.
+
+        Return an object that represents the type of change that is being
+        made. oldrev and newrev should be SHA1s or ZEROS."""
+
+        old = GitObject(oldrev)
+        new = GitObject(newrev)
+        rev = new or old
+
+        # The revision type tells us what type the commit is, combined with
+        # the location of the ref we can decide between
+        #  - working branch
+        #  - tracking branch
+        #  - unannotated tag
+        #  - annotated tag
+        m = ReferenceChange.REF_RE.match(refname)
+        if m:
+            area = m.group('area')
+            short_refname = m.group('shortname')
+        else:
+            area = ''
+            short_refname = refname
+
+        if rev.type == 'tag':
+            # Annotated tag:
+            klass = AnnotatedTagChange
+        elif rev.type == 'commit':
+            if area == 'tags':
+                # Non-annotated tag:
+                klass = NonAnnotatedTagChange
+            elif area == 'heads':
+                # Branch:
+                klass = BranchChange
+            elif area == 'remotes':
+                # Tracking branch:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Push-update of tracking branch %r\n'
+                    '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                     % (refname,)
+                    )
+                klass = OtherReferenceChange
+            else:
+                # Some other reference namespace:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Push-update of strange reference %r\n'
+                    '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                     % (refname,)
+                    )
+                klass = OtherReferenceChange
+        else:
+            # Anything else (is there anything else?)
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Unknown type of update to %r (%s)\n'
+                '***  - incomplete email generated.\n'
+                 % (refname, rev.type,)
+                )
+            klass = OtherReferenceChange
+
+        return klass(
+            environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        Change.__init__(self, environment)
+        self.change_type = {
+            (False, True) : 'create',
+            (True, True) : 'update',
+            (True, False) : 'delete',
+            }[bool(old), bool(new)]
+        self.refname = refname
+        self.short_refname = short_refname
+        self.old = old
+        self.new = new
+        self.rev = rev
+        self.msgid = make_msgid()
+        self.diffopts = environment.diffopts
+        self.logopts = environment.logopts
+        self.commitlogopts = environment.commitlogopts
+        self.showlog = environment.refchange_showlog
+
+    def _compute_values(self):
+        values = Change._compute_values(self)
+
+        values['change_type'] = self.change_type
+        values['refname_type'] = self.refname_type
+        values['refname'] = self.refname
+        values['short_refname'] = self.short_refname
+        values['msgid'] = self.msgid
+        values['recipients'] = self.recipients
+        values['oldrev'] = str(self.old)
+        values['oldrev_short'] = self.old.short
+        values['newrev'] = str(self.new)
+        values['newrev_short'] = self.new.short
+
+        if self.old:
+            values['oldrev_type'] = self.old.type
+        if self.new:
+            values['newrev_type'] = self.new.type
+
+        reply_to = self.environment.get_reply_to_refchange(self)
+        if reply_to:
+            values['reply_to'] = reply_to
+
+        return values
+
+    def get_subject(self):
+        template = {
+            'create' : REF_CREATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            'update' : REF_UPDATED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            'delete' : REF_DELETED_SUBJECT_TEMPLATE,
+            }[self.change_type]
+        return self.expand(template)
+
+    def generate_email_header(self, **extra_values):
+        if 'subject' not in extra_values:
+            extra_values['subject'] = self.get_subject()
+
+        for line in self.expand_header_lines(
+            REFCHANGE_HEADER_TEMPLATE, **extra_values
+            ):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_intro(self):
+        for line in self.expand_lines(REFCHANGE_INTRO_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_body(self, push):
+        """Call the appropriate body-generation routine.
+
+        Call one of generate_create_summary() /
+        generate_update_summary() / generate_delete_summary()."""
+
+        change_summary = {
+            'create' : self.generate_create_summary,
+            'delete' : self.generate_delete_summary,
+            'update' : self.generate_update_summary,
+            }[self.change_type](push)
+        for line in change_summary:
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.generate_revision_change_summary(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_email_footer(self):
+        return self.expand_lines(FOOTER_TEMPLATE)
+
+    def generate_revision_change_log(self, new_commits_list):
+        if self.showlog:
+            yield '\n'
+            yield 'Detailed log of new commits:\n\n'
+            for line in read_git_lines(
+                    ['log', '--no-walk']
+                    + self.logopts
+                    + new_commits_list
+                    + ['--'],
+                    keepends=True,
+                ):
+                yield line
+
+    def generate_revision_change_summary(self, push):
+        """Generate a summary of the revisions added/removed by this change."""
+
+        if self.new.commit_sha1 and not self.old.commit_sha1:
+            # A new reference was created.  List the new revisions
+            # brought by the new reference (i.e., those revisions that
+            # were not in the repository before this reference
+            # change).
+            sha1s = list(push.get_new_commits(self))
+            sha1s.reverse()
+            tot = len(sha1s)
+            new_revisions = [
+                Revision(self, GitObject(sha1), num=i+1, tot=tot)
+                for (i, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s)
+                ]
+
+            if new_revisions:
+                yield self.expand('This %(refname_type)s includes the following new commits:\n')
+                yield '\n'
+                for r in new_revisions:
+                    (sha1, subject) = r.rev.get_summary()
+                    yield r.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='new', text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE, tot=tot):
+                    yield line
+                for line in self.generate_revision_change_log([r.rev.sha1 for r in new_revisions]):
+                    yield line
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+        elif self.new.commit_sha1 and self.old.commit_sha1:
+            # A reference was changed to point at a different commit.
+            # List the revisions that were removed and/or added *from
+            # that reference* by this reference change, along with a
+            # diff between the trees for its old and new values.
+
+            # List of the revisions that were added to the branch by
+            # this update.  Note this list can include revisions that
+            # have already had notification emails; we want such
+            # revisions in the summary even though we will not send
+            # new notification emails for them.
+            adds = list(generate_summaries(
+                    '--topo-order', '--reverse', '%s..%s'
+                    % (self.old.commit_sha1, self.new.commit_sha1,)
+                    ))
+
+            # List of the revisions that were removed from the branch
+            # by this update.  This will be empty except for
+            # non-fast-forward updates.
+            discards = list(generate_summaries(
+                    '%s..%s' % (self.new.commit_sha1, self.old.commit_sha1,)
+                    ))
+
+            if adds:
+                new_commits_list = push.get_new_commits(self)
+            else:
+                new_commits_list = []
+            new_commits = CommitSet(new_commits_list)
+
+            if discards:
+                discarded_commits = CommitSet(push.get_discarded_commits(self))
+            else:
+                discarded_commits = CommitSet([])
+
+            if discards and adds:
+                for (sha1, subject) in discards:
+                    if sha1 in discarded_commits:
+                        action = 'discards'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'omits'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                for (sha1, subject) in adds:
+                    if sha1 in new_commits:
+                        action = 'new'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'adds'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NON_FF_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            elif discards:
+                for (sha1, subject) in discards:
+                    if sha1 in discarded_commits:
+                        action = 'discards'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'omits'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+                yield '\n'
+                for line in self.expand_lines(REWIND_ONLY_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            elif adds:
+                (sha1, subject) = self.old.get_summary()
+                yield self.expand(
+                    BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='from',
+                    rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                    )
+                for (sha1, subject) in adds:
+                    if sha1 in new_commits:
+                        action = 'new'
+                    else:
+                        action = 'adds'
+                    yield self.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action=action,
+                        rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+                        )
+
+            yield '\n'
+
+            if new_commits:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE, tot=len(new_commits)):
+                    yield line
+                for line in self.generate_revision_change_log(new_commits_list):
+                    yield line
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_NEW_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+            # The diffstat is shown from the old revision to the new
+            # revision.  This is to show the truth of what happened in
+            # this change.  There's no point showing the stat from the
+            # base to the new revision because the base is effectively a
+            # random revision at this point - the user will be interested
+            # in what this revision changed - including the undoing of
+            # previous revisions in the case of non-fast-forward updates.
+            yield '\n'
+            yield 'Summary of changes:\n'
+            for line in read_git_lines(
+                ['diff-tree']
+                + self.diffopts
+                + ['%s..%s' % (self.old.commit_sha1, self.new.commit_sha1,)],
+                keepends=True,
+                ):
+                yield line
+
+        elif self.old.commit_sha1 and not self.new.commit_sha1:
+            # A reference was deleted.  List the revisions that were
+            # removed from the repository by this reference change.
+
+            sha1s = list(push.get_discarded_commits(self))
+            tot = len(sha1s)
+            discarded_revisions = [
+                Revision(self, GitObject(sha1), num=i+1, tot=tot)
+                for (i, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s)
+                ]
+
+            if discarded_revisions:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+                yield '\n'
+                for r in discarded_revisions:
+                    (sha1, subject) = r.rev.get_summary()
+                    yield r.expand(
+                        BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='discards', text=subject,
+                        )
+            else:
+                for line in self.expand_lines(NO_DISCARDED_REVISIONS_TEMPLATE):
+                    yield line
+
+        elif not self.old.commit_sha1 and not self.new.commit_sha1:
+            for line in self.expand_lines(NON_COMMIT_UPDATE_TEMPLATE):
+                yield line
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of a reference."""
+
+        # This is a new reference and so oldrev is not valid
+        (sha1, subject) = self.new.get_summary()
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='at',
+            rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+            )
+        yield '\n'
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the change of a pre-existing branch."""
+
+        return iter([])
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the deletion of any type of reference."""
+
+        (sha1, subject) = self.old.get_summary()
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='was',
+            rev_short=sha1, text=subject,
+            )
+        yield '\n'
+
+
+class BranchChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'branch'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+
+class AnnotatedTagChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'annotated tag'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_announce_recipients(self)
+        self.show_shortlog = environment.announce_show_shortlog
+
+    ANNOTATED_TAG_FORMAT = (
+        '%(*objectname)\n'
+        '%(*objecttype)\n'
+        '%(taggername)\n'
+        '%(taggerdate)'
+        )
+
+    def describe_tag(self, push):
+        """Describe the new value of an annotated tag."""
+
+        # Use git for-each-ref to pull out the individual fields from
+        # the tag
+        [tagobject, tagtype, tagger, tagged] = read_git_lines(
+            ['for-each-ref', '--format=%s' % (self.ANNOTATED_TAG_FORMAT,), self.refname],
+            )
+
+        yield self.expand(
+            BRIEF_SUMMARY_TEMPLATE, action='tagging',
+            rev_short=tagobject, text='(%s)' % (tagtype,),
+            )
+        if tagtype == 'commit':
+            # If the tagged object is a commit, then we assume this is a
+            # release, and so we calculate which tag this tag is
+            # replacing
+            try:
+                prevtag = read_git_output(['describe', '--abbrev=0', '%s^' % (self.new,)])
+            except CommandError:
+                prevtag = None
+            if prevtag:
+                yield '  replaces  %s\n' % (prevtag,)
+        else:
+            prevtag = None
+            yield '    length  %s bytes\n' % (read_git_output(['cat-file', '-s', tagobject]),)
+
+        yield ' tagged by  %s\n' % (tagger,)
+        yield '        on  %s\n' % (tagged,)
+        yield '\n'
+
+        # Show the content of the tag message; this might contain a
+        # change log or release notes so is worth displaying.
+        yield LOGBEGIN
+        contents = list(read_git_lines(['cat-file', 'tag', self.new.sha1], keepends=True))
+        contents = contents[contents.index('\n') + 1:]
+        if contents and contents[-1][-1:] != '\n':
+            contents.append('\n')
+        for line in contents:
+            yield line
+
+        if self.show_shortlog and tagtype == 'commit':
+            # Only commit tags make sense to have rev-list operations
+            # performed on them
+            yield '\n'
+            if prevtag:
+                # Show changes since the previous release
+                revlist = read_git_output(
+                    ['rev-list', '--pretty=short', '%s..%s' % (prevtag, self.new,)],
+                    keepends=True,
+                    )
+            else:
+                # No previous tag, show all the changes since time
+                # began
+                revlist = read_git_output(
+                    ['rev-list', '--pretty=short', '%s' % (self.new,)],
+                    keepends=True,
+                    )
+            for line in read_git_lines(['shortlog'], input=revlist, keepends=True):
+                yield line
+
+        yield LOGEND
+        yield '\n'
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of an annotated tag."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.describe_tag(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the update of an annotated tag.
+
+        This is probably a rare event and may not even be allowed."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in self.describe_tag(push):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        yield self.expand('   tag was  %(oldrev_short)s\n')
+        yield '\n'
+
+
+class NonAnnotatedTagChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'tag'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=short_refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+    def generate_create_summary(self, push):
+        """Called for the creation of an annotated tag."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_CREATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_update_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_UPDATED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+    def generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+        """Called when a non-annotated reference is updated."""
+
+        for line in self.expand_lines(TAG_DELETED_TEMPLATE):
+            yield line
+
+        for line in ReferenceChange.generate_delete_summary(self, push):
+            yield line
+
+
+class OtherReferenceChange(ReferenceChange):
+    refname_type = 'reference'
+
+    def __init__(self, environment, refname, short_refname, old, new, rev):
+        # We use the full refname as short_refname, because otherwise
+        # the full name of the reference would not be obvious from the
+        # text of the email.
+        ReferenceChange.__init__(
+            self, environment,
+            refname=refname, short_refname=refname,
+            old=old, new=new, rev=rev,
+            )
+        self.recipients = environment.get_refchange_recipients(self)
+
+
+class Mailer(object):
+    """An object that can send emails."""
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        """Send an email consisting of lines.
+
+        lines must be an iterable over the lines constituting the
+        header and body of the email.  to_addrs is a list of recipient
+        addresses (can be needed even if lines already contains a
+        "To:" field).  It can be either a string (comma-separated list
+        of email addresses) or a Python list of individual email
+        addresses.
+
+        """
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+
+class SendMailer(Mailer):
+    """Send emails using 'sendmail -oi -t'."""
+
+    SENDMAIL_CANDIDATES = [
+        '/usr/sbin/sendmail',
+        '/usr/lib/sendmail',
+        ]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def find_sendmail():
+        for path in SendMailer.SENDMAIL_CANDIDATES:
+            if os.access(path, os.X_OK):
+                return path
+        else:
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                'No sendmail executable found.  '
+                'Try setting multimailhook.sendmailCommand.'
+                )
+
+    def __init__(self, command=None, envelopesender=None):
+        """Construct a SendMailer instance.
+
+        command should be the command and arguments used to invoke
+        sendmail, as a list of strings.  If an envelopesender is
+        provided, it will also be passed to the command, via '-f
+        envelopesender'."""
+
+        if command:
+            self.command = command[:]
+        else:
+            self.command = [self.find_sendmail(), '-oi', '-t']
+
+        if envelopesender:
+            self.command.extend(['-f', envelopesender])
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        try:
+            p = subprocess.Popen(self.command, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
+        except OSError, e:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Cannot execute command: %s\n' % ' '.join(self.command)
+                + '*** %s\n' % str(e)
+                + '*** Try setting multimailhook.mailer to "smtp"\n'
+                '*** to send emails without using the sendmail command.\n'
+                )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        try:
+            p.stdin.writelines(lines)
+        except:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '*** Error while generating commit email\n'
+                '***  - mail sending aborted.\n'
+                )
+            p.terminate()
+            raise
+        else:
+            p.stdin.close()
+            retcode = p.wait()
+            if retcode:
+                raise CommandError(self.command, retcode)
+
+
+class SMTPMailer(Mailer):
+    """Send emails using Python's smtplib."""
+
+    def __init__(self, envelopesender, smtpserver):
+        if not envelopesender:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                'fatal: git_multimail: cannot use SMTPMailer without a sender address.\n'
+                'please set either multimailhook.envelopeSender or user.email\n'
+                )
+            sys.exit(1)
+        self.envelopesender = envelopesender
+        self.smtpserver = smtpserver
+        try:
+            self.smtp = smtplib.SMTP(self.smtpserver)
+        except Exception, e:
+            sys.stderr.write('*** Error establishing SMTP connection to %s***\n' % self.smtpserver)
+            sys.stderr.write('*** %s\n' % str(e))
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.smtp.quit()
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        try:
+            msg = ''.join(lines)
+            # turn comma-separated list into Python list if needed.
+            if isinstance(to_addrs, basestring):
+                to_addrs = [email for (name, email) in getaddresses([to_addrs])]
+            self.smtp.sendmail(self.envelopesender, to_addrs, msg)
+        except Exception, e:
+            sys.stderr.write('*** Error sending email***\n')
+            sys.stderr.write('*** %s\n' % str(e))
+            self.smtp.quit()
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class OutputMailer(Mailer):
+    """Write emails to an output stream, bracketed by lines of '=' characters.
+
+    This is intended for debugging purposes."""
+
+    SEPARATOR = '=' * 75 + '\n'
+
+    def __init__(self, f):
+        self.f = f
+
+    def send(self, lines, to_addrs):
+        self.f.write(self.SEPARATOR)
+        self.f.writelines(lines)
+        self.f.write(self.SEPARATOR)
+
+
+def get_git_dir():
+    """Determine GIT_DIR.
+
+    Determine GIT_DIR either from the GIT_DIR environment variable or
+    from the working directory, using Git's usual rules."""
+
+    try:
+        return read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--git-dir'])
+    except CommandError:
+        sys.stderr.write('fatal: git_multimail: not in a git directory\n')
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+
+class Environment(object):
+    """Describes the environment in which the push is occurring.
+
+    An Environment object encapsulates information about the local
+    environment.  For example, it knows how to determine:
+
+    * the name of the repository to which the push occurred
+
+    * what user did the push
+
+    * what users want to be informed about various types of changes.
+
+    An Environment object is expected to have the following methods:
+
+        get_repo_shortname()
+
+            Return a short name for the repository, for display
+            purposes.
+
+        get_repo_path()
+
+            Return the absolute path to the Git repository.
+
+        get_emailprefix()
+
+            Return a string that will be prefixed to every email's
+            subject.
+
+        get_pusher()
+
+            Return the username of the person who pushed the changes.
+            This value is used in the email body to indicate who
+            pushed the change.
+
+        get_pusher_email() (may return None)
+
+            Return the email address of the person who pushed the
+            changes.  The value should be a single RFC 2822 email
+            address as a string; e.g., "Joe User <user@example.com>"
+            if available, otherwise "user@example.com".  If set, the
+            value is used as the Reply-To address for refchange
+            emails.  If it is impossible to determine the pusher's
+            email, this attribute should be set to None (in which case
+            no Reply-To header will be output).
+
+        get_sender()
+
+            Return the address to be used as the 'From' email address
+            in the email envelope.
+
+        get_fromaddr()
+
+            Return the 'From' email address used in the email 'From:'
+            headers.  (May be a full RFC 2822 email address like 'Joe
+            User <user@example.com>'.)
+
+        get_administrator()
+
+            Return the name and/or email of the repository
+            administrator.  This value is used in the footer as the
+            person to whom requests to be removed from the
+            notification list should be sent.  Ideally, it should
+            include a valid email address.
+
+        get_reply_to_refchange()
+        get_reply_to_commit()
+
+            Return the address to use in the email "Reply-To" header,
+            as a string.  These can be an RFC 2822 email address, or
+            None to omit the "Reply-To" header.
+            get_reply_to_refchange() is used for refchange emails;
+            get_reply_to_commit() is used for individual commit
+            emails.
+
+    They should also define the following attributes:
+
+        announce_show_shortlog (bool)
+
+            True iff announce emails should include a shortlog.
+
+        refchange_showlog (bool)
+
+            True iff refchanges emails should include a detailed log.
+
+        diffopts (list of strings)
+
+            The options that should be passed to 'git diff' for the
+            summary email.  The value should be a list of strings
+            representing words to be passed to the command.
+
+        logopts (list of strings)
+
+            Analogous to diffopts, but contains options passed to
+            'git log' when generating the detailed log for a set of
+            commits (see refchange_showlog)
+
+        commitlogopts (list of strings)
+
+            The options that should be passed to 'git log' for each
+            commit mail.  The value should be a list of strings
+            representing words to be passed to the command.
+
+    """
+
+    REPO_NAME_RE = re.compile(r'^(?P<name>.+?)(?:\.git)$')
+
+    def __init__(self, osenv=None):
+        self.osenv = osenv or os.environ
+        self.announce_show_shortlog = False
+        self.maxcommitemails = 500
+        self.diffopts = ['--stat', '--summary', '--find-copies-harder']
+        self.logopts = []
+        self.refchange_showlog = False
+        self.commitlogopts = ['-C', '--stat', '-p', '--cc']
+
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS = [
+            'administrator',
+            'charset',
+            'emailprefix',
+            'fromaddr',
+            'pusher',
+            'pusher_email',
+            'repo_path',
+            'repo_shortname',
+            'sender',
+            ]
+
+        self._values = None
+
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        """Use the last part of the repo path, with ".git" stripped off if present."""
+
+        basename = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(self.get_repo_path()))
+        m = self.REPO_NAME_RE.match(basename)
+        if m:
+            return m.group('name')
+        else:
+            return basename
+
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_pusher_email(self):
+        return None
+
+    def get_administrator(self):
+        return 'the administrator of this repository'
+
+    def get_emailprefix(self):
+        return ''
+
+    def get_repo_path(self):
+        if read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--is-bare-repository']) == 'true':
+            path = get_git_dir()
+        else:
+            path = read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--show-toplevel'])
+        return os.path.abspath(path)
+
+    def get_charset(self):
+        return CHARSET
+
+    def get_values(self):
+        """Return a dictionary {keyword : expansion} for this Environment.
+
+        This method is called by Change._compute_values().  The keys
+        in the returned dictionary are available to be used in any of
+        the templates.  The dictionary is created by calling
+        self.get_NAME() for each of the attributes named in
+        COMPUTED_KEYS and recording those that do not return None.
+        The return value is always a new dictionary."""
+
+        if self._values is None:
+            values = {}
+
+            for key in self.COMPUTED_KEYS:
+                value = getattr(self, 'get_%s' % (key,))()
+                if value is not None:
+                    values[key] = value
+
+            self._values = values
+
+        return self._values.copy()
+
+    def get_refchange_recipients(self, refchange):
+        """Return the recipients for notifications about refchange.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified ReferenceChange should be sent."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_announce_recipients(self, annotated_tag_change):
+        """Return the recipients for notifications about annotated_tag_change.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified AnnotatedTagChange should be sent."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_reply_to_refchange(self, refchange):
+        return self.get_pusher_email()
+
+    def get_revision_recipients(self, revision):
+        """Return the recipients for messages about revision.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which notifications
+        about the specified Revision should be sent.  This method
+        could be overridden, for example, to take into account the
+        contents of the revision when deciding whom to notify about
+        it.  For example, there could be a scheme for users to express
+        interest in particular files or subdirectories, and only
+        receive notification emails for revisions that affecting those
+        files."""
+
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    def get_reply_to_commit(self, revision):
+        return revision.author
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        """Filter the lines intended for an email body.
+
+        lines is an iterable over the lines that would go into the
+        email body.  Filter it (e.g., limit the number of lines, the
+        line length, character set, etc.), returning another iterable.
+        See FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin and MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin
+        for classes implementing this functionality."""
+
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """A mixin that sets self.config to its constructor's config argument.
+
+    This class's constructor consumes the "config" argument.
+
+    Mixins that need to inspect the config should inherit from this
+    class (1) to make sure that "config" is still in the constructor
+    arguments with its own constructor runs and/or (2) to be sure that
+    self.config is set after construction."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.config = config
+
+
+class ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin(ConfigEnvironmentMixin):
+    """An Environment that reads most of its information from "git config"."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config, **kw
+            )
+
+        self.announce_show_shortlog = config.get_bool(
+            'announceshortlog', default=self.announce_show_shortlog
+            )
+
+        self.refchange_showlog = config.get_bool(
+            'refchangeshowlog', default=self.refchange_showlog
+            )
+
+        maxcommitemails = config.get('maxcommitemails')
+        if maxcommitemails is not None:
+            try:
+                self.maxcommitemails = int(maxcommitemails)
+            except ValueError:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Malformed value for multimailhook.maxCommitEmails: %s\n' % maxcommitemails
+                    + '*** Expected a number.  Ignoring.\n'
+                    )
+
+        diffopts = config.get('diffopts')
+        if diffopts is not None:
+            self.diffopts = shlex.split(diffopts)
+
+        logopts = config.get('logopts')
+        if logopts is not None:
+            self.logopts = shlex.split(logopts)
+
+        commitlogopts = config.get('commitlogopts')
+        if commitlogopts is not None:
+            self.commitlogopts = shlex.split(commitlogopts)
+
+        reply_to = config.get('replyTo')
+        self.__reply_to_refchange = config.get('replyToRefchange', default=reply_to)
+        if (
+            self.__reply_to_refchange is not None
+            and self.__reply_to_refchange.lower() == 'author'
+            ):
+            raise ConfigurationException(
+                '"author" is not an allowed setting for replyToRefchange'
+                )
+        self.__reply_to_commit = config.get('replyToCommit', default=reply_to)
+
+    def get_administrator(self):
+        return (
+            self.config.get('administrator')
+            or self.get_sender()
+            or super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_administrator()
+            )
+
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        return (
+            self.config.get('reponame')
+            or super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_repo_shortname()
+            )
+
+    def get_emailprefix(self):
+        emailprefix = self.config.get('emailprefix')
+        if emailprefix and emailprefix.strip():
+            return emailprefix.strip() + ' '
+        else:
+            return '[%s] ' % (self.get_repo_shortname(),)
+
+    def get_sender(self):
+        return self.config.get('envelopesender')
+
+    def get_fromaddr(self):
+        fromaddr = self.config.get('from')
+        if fromaddr:
+            return fromaddr
+        else:
+            config = Config('user')
+            fromname = config.get('name', default='')
+            fromemail = config.get('email', default='')
+            if fromemail:
+                return formataddr([fromname, fromemail])
+            else:
+                return self.get_sender()
+
+    def get_reply_to_refchange(self, refchange):
+        if self.__reply_to_refchange is None:
+            return super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_reply_to_refchange(refchange)
+        elif self.__reply_to_refchange.lower() == 'pusher':
+            return self.get_pusher_email()
+        elif self.__reply_to_refchange.lower() == 'none':
+            return None
+        else:
+            return self.__reply_to_refchange
+
+    def get_reply_to_commit(self, revision):
+        if self.__reply_to_commit is None:
+            return super(ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin, self).get_reply_to_commit(revision)
+        elif self.__reply_to_commit.lower() == 'author':
+            return revision.get_author()
+        elif self.__reply_to_commit.lower() == 'pusher':
+            return self.get_pusher_email()
+        elif self.__reply_to_commit.lower() == 'none':
+            return None
+        else:
+            return self.__reply_to_commit
+
+
+class FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Handle encoding and maximum line length of body lines.
+
+        emailmaxlinelength (int or None)
+
+            The maximum length of any single line in the email body.
+            Longer lines are truncated at that length with ' [...]'
+            appended.
+
+        strict_utf8 (bool)
+
+            If this field is set to True, then the email body text is
+            expected to be UTF-8.  Any invalid characters are
+            converted to U+FFFD, the Unicode replacement character
+            (encoded as UTF-8, of course).
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, strict_utf8=True, emailmaxlinelength=500, **kw):
+        super(FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__strict_utf8 = strict_utf8
+        self.__emailmaxlinelength = emailmaxlinelength
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        lines = super(FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).filter_body(lines)
+        if self.__strict_utf8:
+            lines = (line.decode(ENCODING, 'replace') for line in lines)
+            # Limit the line length in Unicode-space to avoid
+            # splitting characters:
+            if self.__emailmaxlinelength:
+                lines = limit_linelength(lines, self.__emailmaxlinelength)
+            lines = (line.encode(ENCODING, 'replace') for line in lines)
+        elif self.__emailmaxlinelength:
+            lines = limit_linelength(lines, self.__emailmaxlinelength)
+
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin(
+    ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+    FilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ):
+    """Handle encoding and maximum line length based on config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        strict_utf8 = config.get_bool('emailstrictutf8', default=None)
+        if strict_utf8 is not None:
+            kw['strict_utf8'] = strict_utf8
+
+        emailmaxlinelength = config.get('emailmaxlinelength')
+        if emailmaxlinelength is not None:
+            kw['emailmaxlinelength'] = int(emailmaxlinelength)
+
+        super(ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config, **kw
+            )
+
+
+class MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Limit the email body to a specified number of lines."""
+
+    def __init__(self, emailmaxlines, **kw):
+        super(MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__emailmaxlines = emailmaxlines
+
+    def filter_body(self, lines):
+        lines = super(MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).filter_body(lines)
+        if self.__emailmaxlines:
+            lines = limit_lines(lines, self.__emailmaxlines)
+        return lines
+
+
+class ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin(
+    ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+    MaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ):
+    """Limit the email body to the number of lines specified in config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        emailmaxlines = int(config.get('emailmaxlines', default='0'))
+        super(ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            emailmaxlines=emailmaxlines,
+            **kw
+            )
+
+
+class FQDNEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """A mixin that sets the host's FQDN to its constructor argument."""
+
+    def __init__(self, fqdn, **kw):
+        super(FQDNEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS += ['fqdn']
+        self.__fqdn = fqdn
+
+    def get_fqdn(self):
+        """Return the fully-qualified domain name for this host.
+
+        Return None if it is unavailable or unwanted."""
+
+        return self.__fqdn
+
+
+class ConfigFQDNEnvironmentMixin(
+    ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+    FQDNEnvironmentMixin,
+    ):
+    """Read the FQDN from the config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        fqdn = config.get('fqdn')
+        super(ConfigFQDNEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            fqdn=fqdn,
+            **kw
+            )
+
+
+class ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin(FQDNEnvironmentMixin):
+    """Get the FQDN by calling socket.getfqdn()."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        super(ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            fqdn=socket.getfqdn(),
+            **kw
+            )
+
+
+class PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin(ConfigEnvironmentMixin):
+    """Deduce pusher_email from pusher by appending an emaildomain."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        super(PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.__emaildomain = self.config.get('emaildomain')
+
+    def get_pusher_email(self):
+        if self.__emaildomain:
+            # Derive the pusher's full email address in the default way:
+            return '%s@%s' % (self.get_pusher(), self.__emaildomain)
+        else:
+            return super(PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin, self).get_pusher_email()
+
+
+class StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Set recipients statically based on constructor parameters."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        refchange_recipients, announce_recipients, revision_recipients,
+        **kw
+        ):
+        super(StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+
+        # The recipients for various types of notification emails, as
+        # RFC 2822 email addresses separated by commas (or the empty
+        # string if no recipients are configured).  Although there is
+        # a mechanism to choose the recipient lists based on on the
+        # actual *contents* of the change being reported, we only
+        # choose based on the *type* of the change.  Therefore we can
+        # compute them once and for all:
+        if not (refchange_recipients
+                or announce_recipients
+                or revision_recipients):
+            raise ConfigurationException('No email recipients configured!')
+        self.__refchange_recipients = refchange_recipients
+        self.__announce_recipients = announce_recipients
+        self.__revision_recipients = revision_recipients
+
+    def get_refchange_recipients(self, refchange):
+        return self.__refchange_recipients
+
+    def get_announce_recipients(self, annotated_tag_change):
+        return self.__announce_recipients
+
+    def get_revision_recipients(self, revision):
+        return self.__revision_recipients
+
+
+class ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin(
+    ConfigEnvironmentMixin,
+    StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin
+    ):
+    """Determine recipients statically based on config."""
+
+    def __init__(self, config, **kw):
+        super(ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(
+            config=config,
+            refchange_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'refchangelist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            announce_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'announcelist', 'refchangelist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            revision_recipients=self._get_recipients(
+                config, 'commitlist', 'mailinglist',
+                ),
+            **kw
+            )
+
+    def _get_recipients(self, config, *names):
+        """Return the recipients for a particular type of message.
+
+        Return the list of email addresses to which a particular type
+        of notification email should be sent, by looking at the config
+        value for "multimailhook.$name" for each of names.  Use the
+        value from the first name that is configured.  The return
+        value is a (possibly empty) string containing RFC 2822 email
+        addresses separated by commas.  If no configuration could be
+        found, raise a ConfigurationException."""
+
+        for name in names:
+            retval = config.get_recipients(name)
+            if retval is not None:
+                return retval
+        else:
+            return ''
+
+
+class ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    """Make a "projectdesc" value available for templates.
+
+    By default, it is set to the first line of $GIT_DIR/description
+    (if that file is present and appears to be set meaningfully)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, **kw):
+        super(ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin, self).__init__(**kw)
+        self.COMPUTED_KEYS += ['projectdesc']
+
+    def get_projectdesc(self):
+        """Return a one-line descripition of the project."""
+
+        git_dir = get_git_dir()
+        try:
+            projectdesc = open(os.path.join(git_dir, 'description')).readline().strip()
+            if projectdesc and not projectdesc.startswith('Unnamed repository'):
+                return projectdesc
+        except IOError:
+            pass
+
+        return 'UNNAMED PROJECT'
+
+
+class GenericEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        return self.osenv.get('USER', 'unknown user')
+
+
+class GenericEnvironment(
+    ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin,
+    PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+    GenericEnvironmentMixin,
+    Environment,
+    ):
+    pass
+
+
+class GitoliteEnvironmentMixin(Environment):
+    def get_repo_shortname(self):
+        # The gitolite environment variable $GL_REPO is a pretty good
+        # repo_shortname (though it's probably not as good as a value
+        # the user might have explicitly put in his config).
+        return (
+            self.osenv.get('GL_REPO', None)
+            or super(GitoliteEnvironmentMixin, self).get_repo_shortname()
+            )
+
+    def get_pusher(self):
+        return self.osenv.get('GL_USER', 'unknown user')
+
+
+class IncrementalDateTime(object):
+    """Simple wrapper to give incremental date/times.
+
+    Each call will result in a date/time a second later than the
+    previous call.  This can be used to falsify email headers, to
+    increase the likelihood that email clients sort the emails
+    correctly."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.time = time.time()
+
+    def next(self):
+        formatted = formatdate(self.time, True)
+        self.time += 1
+        return formatted
+
+
+class GitoliteEnvironment(
+    ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin,
+    PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+    ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+    GitoliteEnvironmentMixin,
+    Environment,
+    ):
+    pass
+
+
+class Push(object):
+    """Represent an entire push (i.e., a group of ReferenceChanges).
+
+    It is easy to figure out what commits were added to a *branch* by
+    a Reference change:
+
+        git rev-list change.old..change.new
+
+    or removed from a *branch*:
+
+        git rev-list change.new..change.old
+
+    But it is not quite so trivial to determine which entirely new
+    commits were added to the *repository* by a push and which old
+    commits were discarded by a push.  A big part of the job of this
+    class is to figure out these things, and to make sure that new
+    commits are only detailed once even if they were added to multiple
+    references.
+
+    The first step is to determine the "other" references--those
+    unaffected by the current push.  They are computed by
+    Push._compute_other_ref_sha1s() by listing all references then
+    removing any affected by this push.
+
+    The commits contained in the repository before this push were
+
+        git rev-list other1 other2 other3 ... change1.old change2.old ...
+
+    Where "changeN.old" is the old value of one of the references
+    affected by this push.
+
+    The commits contained in the repository after this push are
+
+        git rev-list other1 other2 other3 ... change1.new change2.new ...
+
+    The commits added by this push are the difference between these
+    two sets, which can be written
+
+        git rev-list \
+            ^other1 ^other2 ... \
+            ^change1.old ^change2.old ... \
+            change1.new change2.new ...
+
+    The commits removed by this push can be computed by
+
+        git rev-list \
+            ^other1 ^other2 ... \
+            ^change1.new ^change2.new ... \
+            change1.old change2.old ...
+
+    The last point is that it is possible that other pushes are
+    occurring simultaneously to this one, so reference values can
+    change at any time.  It is impossible to eliminate all race
+    conditions, but we reduce the window of time during which problems
+    can occur by translating reference names to SHA1s as soon as
+    possible and working with SHA1s thereafter (because SHA1s are
+    immutable)."""
+
+    # A map {(changeclass, changetype) : integer} specifying the order
+    # that reference changes will be processed if multiple reference
+    # changes are included in a single push.  The order is significant
+    # mostly because new commit notifications are threaded together
+    # with the first reference change that includes the commit.  The
+    # following order thus causes commits to be grouped with branch
+    # changes (as opposed to tag changes) if possible.
+    SORT_ORDER = dict(
+        (value, i) for (i, value) in enumerate([
+            (BranchChange, 'update'),
+            (BranchChange, 'create'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'update'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'create'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'update'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'create'),
+            (BranchChange, 'delete'),
+            (AnnotatedTagChange, 'delete'),
+            (NonAnnotatedTagChange, 'delete'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'update'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'create'),
+            (OtherReferenceChange, 'delete'),
+            ])
+        )
+
+    def __init__(self, changes):
+        self.changes = sorted(changes, key=self._sort_key)
+
+        # The SHA-1s of commits referred to by references unaffected
+        # by this push:
+        other_ref_sha1s = self._compute_other_ref_sha1s()
+
+        self._old_rev_exclusion_spec = self._compute_rev_exclusion_spec(
+            other_ref_sha1s.union(
+                change.old.sha1
+                for change in self.changes
+                if change.old.type in ['commit', 'tag']
+                )
+            )
+        self._new_rev_exclusion_spec = self._compute_rev_exclusion_spec(
+            other_ref_sha1s.union(
+                change.new.sha1
+                for change in self.changes
+                if change.new.type in ['commit', 'tag']
+                )
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _sort_key(klass, change):
+        return (klass.SORT_ORDER[change.__class__, change.change_type], change.refname,)
+
+    def _compute_other_ref_sha1s(self):
+        """Return the GitObjects referred to by references unaffected by this push."""
+
+        # The refnames being changed by this push:
+        updated_refs = set(
+            change.refname
+            for change in self.changes
+            )
+
+        # The SHA-1s of commits referred to by all references in this
+        # repository *except* updated_refs:
+        sha1s = set()
+        fmt = (
+            '%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(refname)\n'
+            '%(*objectname) %(*objecttype) %(refname)'
+            )
+        for line in read_git_lines(['for-each-ref', '--format=%s' % (fmt,)]):
+            (sha1, type, name) = line.split(' ', 2)
+            if sha1 and type == 'commit' and name not in updated_refs:
+                sha1s.add(sha1)
+
+        return sha1s
+
+    def _compute_rev_exclusion_spec(self, sha1s):
+        """Return an exclusion specification for 'git rev-list'.
+
+        git_objects is an iterable over GitObject instances.  Return a
+        string that can be passed to the standard input of 'git
+        rev-list --stdin' to exclude all of the commits referred to by
+        git_objects."""
+
+        return ''.join(
+            ['^%s\n' % (sha1,) for sha1 in sorted(sha1s)]
+            )
+
+    def get_new_commits(self, reference_change=None):
+        """Return a list of commits added by this push.
+
+        Return a list of the object names of commits that were added
+        by the part of this push represented by reference_change.  If
+        reference_change is None, then return a list of *all* commits
+        added by this push."""
+
+        if not reference_change:
+            new_revs = sorted(
+                change.new.sha1
+                for change in self.changes
+                if change.new
+                )
+        elif not reference_change.new.commit_sha1:
+            return []
+        else:
+            new_revs = [reference_change.new.commit_sha1]
+
+        cmd = ['rev-list', '--stdin'] + new_revs
+        return read_git_lines(cmd, input=self._old_rev_exclusion_spec)
+
+    def get_discarded_commits(self, reference_change):
+        """Return a list of commits discarded by this push.
+
+        Return a list of the object names of commits that were
+        entirely discarded from the repository by the part of this
+        push represented by reference_change."""
+
+        if not reference_change.old.commit_sha1:
+            return []
+        else:
+            old_revs = [reference_change.old.commit_sha1]
+
+        cmd = ['rev-list', '--stdin'] + old_revs
+        return read_git_lines(cmd, input=self._new_rev_exclusion_spec)
+
+    def send_emails(self, mailer, body_filter=None):
+        """Use send all of the notification emails needed for this push.
+
+        Use send all of the notification emails (including reference
+        change emails and commit emails) needed for this push.  Send
+        the emails using mailer.  If body_filter is not None, then use
+        it to filter the lines that are intended for the email
+        body."""
+
+        # The sha1s of commits that were introduced by this push.
+        # They will be removed from this set as they are processed, to
+        # guarantee that one (and only one) email is generated for
+        # each new commit.
+        unhandled_sha1s = set(self.get_new_commits())
+        send_date = IncrementalDateTime()
+        for change in self.changes:
+            # Check if we've got anyone to send to
+            if not change.recipients:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** no recipients configured so no email will be sent\n'
+                    '*** for %r update %s->%s\n'
+                    % (change.refname, change.old.sha1, change.new.sha1,)
+                    )
+            else:
+                sys.stderr.write('Sending notification emails to: %s\n' % (change.recipients,))
+                extra_values = {'send_date' : send_date.next()}
+                mailer.send(
+                    change.generate_email(self, body_filter, extra_values),
+                    change.recipients,
+                    )
+
+            sha1s = []
+            for sha1 in reversed(list(self.get_new_commits(change))):
+                if sha1 in unhandled_sha1s:
+                    sha1s.append(sha1)
+                    unhandled_sha1s.remove(sha1)
+
+            max_emails = change.environment.maxcommitemails
+            if max_emails and len(sha1s) > max_emails:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '*** Too many new commits (%d), not sending commit emails.\n' % len(sha1s)
+                    + '*** Try setting multimailhook.maxCommitEmails to a greater value\n'
+                    + '*** Currently, multimailhook.maxCommitEmails=%d\n' % max_emails
+                    )
+                return
+
+            for (num, sha1) in enumerate(sha1s):
+                rev = Revision(change, GitObject(sha1), num=num+1, tot=len(sha1s))
+                if rev.recipients:
+                    extra_values = {'send_date' : send_date.next()}
+                    mailer.send(
+                        rev.generate_email(self, body_filter, extra_values),
+                        rev.recipients,
+                        )
+
+        # Consistency check:
+        if unhandled_sha1s:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                'ERROR: No emails were sent for the following new commits:\n'
+                '    %s\n'
+                % ('\n    '.join(sorted(unhandled_sha1s)),)
+                )
+
+
+def run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer):
+    changes = []
+    for line in sys.stdin:
+        (oldrev, newrev, refname) = line.strip().split(' ', 2)
+        changes.append(
+            ReferenceChange.create(environment, oldrev, newrev, refname)
+            )
+    push = Push(changes)
+    push.send_emails(mailer, body_filter=environment.filter_body)
+
+
+def run_as_update_hook(environment, mailer, refname, oldrev, newrev):
+    changes = [
+        ReferenceChange.create(
+            environment,
+            read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--verify', oldrev]),
+            read_git_output(['rev-parse', '--verify', newrev]),
+            refname,
+            ),
+        ]
+    push = Push(changes)
+    push.send_emails(mailer, body_filter=environment.filter_body)
+
+
+def choose_mailer(config, environment):
+    mailer = config.get('mailer', default='sendmail')
+
+    if mailer == 'smtp':
+        smtpserver = config.get('smtpserver', default='localhost')
+        mailer = SMTPMailer(
+            envelopesender=(environment.get_sender() or environment.get_fromaddr()),
+            smtpserver=smtpserver,
+            )
+    elif mailer == 'sendmail':
+        command = config.get('sendmailcommand')
+        if command:
+            command = shlex.split(command)
+        mailer = SendMailer(command=command, envelopesender=environment.get_sender())
+    else:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            'fatal: multimailhook.mailer is set to an incorrect value: "%s"\n' % mailer
+            + 'please use one of "smtp" or "sendmail".\n'
+            )
+        sys.exit(1)
+    return mailer
+
+
+KNOWN_ENVIRONMENTS = {
+    'generic' : GenericEnvironmentMixin,
+    'gitolite' : GitoliteEnvironmentMixin,
+    }
+
+
+def choose_environment(config, osenv=None, env=None, recipients=None):
+    if not osenv:
+        osenv = os.environ
+
+    environment_mixins = [
+        ProjectdescEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigMaxlinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        ComputeFQDNEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigFilterLinesEnvironmentMixin,
+        PusherDomainEnvironmentMixin,
+        ConfigOptionsEnvironmentMixin,
+        ]
+    environment_kw = {
+        'osenv' : osenv,
+        'config' : config,
+        }
+
+    if not env:
+        env = config.get('environment')
+
+    if not env:
+        if 'GL_USER' in osenv and 'GL_REPO' in osenv:
+            env = 'gitolite'
+        else:
+            env = 'generic'
+
+    environment_mixins.append(KNOWN_ENVIRONMENTS[env])
+
+    if recipients:
+        environment_mixins.insert(0, StaticRecipientsEnvironmentMixin)
+        environment_kw['refchange_recipients'] = recipients
+        environment_kw['announce_recipients'] = recipients
+        environment_kw['revision_recipients'] = recipients
+    else:
+        environment_mixins.insert(0, ConfigRecipientsEnvironmentMixin)
+
+    environment_klass = type(
+        'EffectiveEnvironment',
+        tuple(environment_mixins) + (Environment,),
+        {},
+        )
+    return environment_klass(**environment_kw)
+
+
+def main(args):
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
+        description=__doc__,
+        usage='%prog [OPTIONS]\n   or: %prog [OPTIONS] REFNAME OLDREV NEWREV',
+        )
+
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--environment', '--env', action='store', type='choice',
+        choices=['generic', 'gitolite'], default=None,
+        help=(
+            'Choose type of environment is in use.  Default is taken from '
+            'multimailhook.environment if set; otherwise "generic".'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--stdout', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help='Output emails to stdout rather than sending them.',
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--recipients', action='store', default=None,
+        help='Set list of email recipients for all types of emails.',
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--show-env', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Write to stderr the values determined for the environment '
+            '(intended for debugging purposes).'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    config = Config('multimailhook')
+
+    try:
+        environment = choose_environment(
+            config, osenv=os.environ,
+            env=options.environment,
+            recipients=options.recipients,
+            )
+
+        if options.show_env:
+            sys.stderr.write('Environment values:\n')
+            for (k,v) in sorted(environment.get_values().items()):
+                sys.stderr.write('    %s : %r\n' % (k,v))
+            sys.stderr.write('\n')
+
+        if options.stdout:
+            mailer = OutputMailer(sys.stdout)
+        else:
+            mailer = choose_mailer(config, environment)
+
+        # Dual mode: if arguments were specified on the command line, run
+        # like an update hook; otherwise, run as a post-receive hook.
+        if args:
+            if len(args) != 3:
+                parser.error('Need zero or three non-option arguments')
+            (refname, oldrev, newrev) = args
+            run_as_update_hook(environment, mailer, refname, oldrev, newrev)
+        else:
+            run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer)
+    except ConfigurationException, e:
+        sys.exit(str(e))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config b/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..04eeaac413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/migrate-mailhook-config
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+"""Migrate a post-receive-email configuration to be usable with git_multimail.py.
+
+See README.migrate-from-post-receive-email for more information.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import optparse
+
+from git_multimail import CommandError
+from git_multimail import Config
+from git_multimail import read_output
+
+
+OLD_NAMES = [
+    'mailinglist',
+    'announcelist',
+    'envelopesender',
+    'emailprefix',
+    'showrev',
+    'emailmaxlines',
+    'diffopts',
+    ]
+
+NEW_NAMES = [
+    'environment',
+    'reponame',
+    'mailinglist',
+    'refchangelist',
+    'commitlist',
+    'announcelist',
+    'announceshortlog',
+    'envelopesender',
+    'administrator',
+    'emailprefix',
+    'emailmaxlines',
+    'diffopts',
+    'emaildomain',
+    ]
+
+
+INFO = """\
+
+SUCCESS!
+
+Your post-receive-email configuration has been converted to
+git-multimail format.  Please see README and
+README.migrate-from-post-receive-email to learn about other
+git-multimail configuration possibilities.
+
+For example, git-multimail has the following new options with no
+equivalent in post-receive-email.  You might want to read about them
+to see if they would be useful in your situation:
+
+"""
+
+
+def _check_old_config_exists(old):
+    """Check that at least one old configuration value is set."""
+
+    for name in OLD_NAMES:
+        if old.has_key(name):
+            return True
+
+    return False
+
+
+def _check_new_config_clear(new):
+    """Check that none of the new configuration names are set."""
+
+    retval = True
+    for name in NEW_NAMES:
+        if new.has_key(name):
+            if retval:
+                sys.stderr.write('INFO: The following configuration values already exist:\n\n')
+            sys.stderr.write('    "%s.%s"\n' % (new.section, name))
+            retval = False
+
+    return retval
+
+
+def erase_values(config, names):
+    for name in names:
+        if config.has_key(name):
+            try:
+                sys.stderr.write('...unsetting "%s.%s"\n' % (config.section, name))
+                config.unset_all(name)
+            except CommandError:
+                sys.stderr.write(
+                    '\nWARNING: could not unset "%s.%s".  '
+                    'Perhaps it is not set at the --local level?\n\n'
+                    % (config.section, name)
+                    )
+
+
+def is_section_empty(section, local):
+    """Return True iff the specified configuration section is empty.
+
+    Iff local is True, use the --local option when invoking 'git
+    config'."""
+
+    if local:
+        local_option = ['--local']
+    else:
+        local_option = []
+
+    try:
+        read_output(
+            ['git', 'config']
+            + local_option
+            + ['--get-regexp', '^%s\.' % (section,)]
+            )
+    except CommandError, e:
+        if e.retcode == 1:
+            # This means that no settings were found.
+            return True
+        else:
+            raise
+    else:
+        return False
+
+
+def remove_section_if_empty(section):
+    """If the specified configuration section is empty, delete it."""
+
+    try:
+        empty = is_section_empty(section, local=True)
+    except CommandError:
+        # Older versions of git do not support the --local option, so
+        # if the first attempt fails, try without --local.
+        try:
+            empty = is_section_empty(section, local=False)
+        except CommandError:
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '\nINFO: If configuration section "%s.*" is empty, you might want '
+                'to delete it.\n\n'
+                % (section,)
+                )
+            return
+
+    if empty:
+        sys.stderr.write('...removing section "%s.*"\n' % (section,))
+        read_output(['git', 'config', '--remove-section', section])
+    else:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '\nINFO: Configuration section "%s.*" still has contents.  '
+            'It will not be deleted.\n\n'
+            % (section,)
+            )
+
+
+def migrate_config(strict=False, retain=False, overwrite=False):
+    old = Config('hooks')
+    new = Config('multimailhook')
+    if not _check_old_config_exists(old):
+        sys.exit(
+            'Your repository has no post-receive-email configuration.  '
+            'Nothing to do.'
+            )
+    if not _check_new_config_clear(new):
+        if overwrite:
+            sys.stderr.write('\nWARNING: Erasing the above values...\n\n')
+            erase_values(new, NEW_NAMES)
+        else:
+            sys.exit(
+                '\nERROR: Refusing to overwrite existing values.  Use the --overwrite\n'
+                'option to continue anyway.'
+                )
+
+    name = 'showrev'
+    if old.has_key(name):
+        msg = 'git-multimail does not support "%s.%s"' % (old.section, name,)
+        if strict:
+            sys.exit(
+                'ERROR: %s.\n'
+                'Please unset that value then try again, or run without --strict.'
+                % (msg,)
+                )
+        else:
+            sys.stderr.write('\nWARNING: %s (ignoring).\n\n' % (msg,))
+
+    for name in ['mailinglist', 'announcelist']:
+        if old.has_key(name):
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+                )
+            new.set_recipients(name, old.get_recipients(name))
+
+    if strict:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.commitlist" to the empty string\n' % (new.section,)
+            )
+        new.set_recipients('commitlist', '')
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.announceshortlog" to "true"\n' % (new.section,)
+            )
+        new.set('announceshortlog', 'true')
+
+    for name in ['envelopesender', 'emailmaxlines', 'diffopts']:
+        if old.has_key(name):
+            sys.stderr.write(
+                '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+                )
+            new.set(name, old.get(name))
+
+    name = 'emailprefix'
+    if old.has_key(name):
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...copying "%s.%s" to "%s.%s"\n' % (old.section, name, new.section, name)
+            )
+        new.set(name, old.get(name))
+    elif strict:
+        sys.stderr.write(
+            '...setting "%s.%s" to "[SCM]" to preserve old subject lines\n'
+            % (new.section, name)
+            )
+        new.set(name, '[SCM]')
+
+    if not retain:
+        erase_values(old, OLD_NAMES)
+        remove_section_if_empty(old.section)
+
+    sys.stderr.write(INFO)
+    for name in NEW_NAMES:
+        if name not in OLD_NAMES:
+            sys.stderr.write('    "%s.%s"\n' % (new.section, name,))
+    sys.stderr.write('\n')
+
+
+def main(args):
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(
+        description=__doc__,
+        usage='%prog [OPTIONS]',
+        )
+
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--strict', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Slavishly configure git-multimail as closely as possible to '
+            'the post-receive-email configuration.  Default is to turn '
+            'on some new features that have no equivalent in post-receive-email.'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--retain', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Retain the post-receive-email configuration values.  '
+            'Default is to delete them after the new values are set.'
+            ),
+        )
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--overwrite', action='store_true', default=False,
+        help=(
+            'Overwrite any existing git-multimail configuration settings.  '
+            'Default is to abort if such settings already exist.'
+            ),
+        )
+
+    (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    if args:
+        parser.error('Unexpected arguments: %s' % (' '.join(args),))
+
+    migrate_config(strict=options.strict, retain=options.retain, overwrite=options.overwrite)
+
+
+main(sys.argv[1:])
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive b/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4d46828ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/hooks/multimail/post-receive
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python2
+
+"""Example post-receive hook based on git-multimail.
+
+This script is a simple example of a post-receive hook implemented
+using git_multimail.py as a Python module.  It is intended to be
+customized before use; see the comments in the script to help you get
+started.
+
+It is possible to use git_multimail.py itself as a post-receive or
+update hook, configured via git config settings and/or command-line
+parameters.  But for more flexibility, it can also be imported as a
+Python module by a custom post-receive script as done here.  The
+latter has the following advantages:
+
+* The tool's behavior can be customized using arbitrary Python code,
+  without having to edit git_multimail.py.
+
+* Configuration settings can be read from other sources; for example,
+  user names and email addresses could be read from LDAP or from a
+  database.  Or the settings can even be hardcoded in the importing
+  Python script, if this is preferred.
+
+This script is a very basic example of how to use git_multimail.py as
+a module.  The comments below explain some of the points at which the
+script's behavior could be changed or customized.
+
+"""
+
+import sys
+import os
+
+# If necessary, add the path to the directory containing
+# git_multimail.py to the Python path as follows.  (This is not
+# necessary if git_multimail.py is in the same directory as this
+# script):
+
+#LIBDIR = 'path/to/directory/containing/module'
+#sys.path.insert(0, LIBDIR)
+
+import git_multimail
+
+
+# It is possible to modify the output templates here; e.g.:
+
+#git_multimail.FOOTER_TEMPLATE = """\
+#
+#-- \n\
+#This email was generated by the wonderful git-multimail tool.
+#"""
+
+
+# Specify which "git config" section contains the configuration for
+# git-multimail:
+config = git_multimail.Config('multimailhook')
+
+
+# Select the type of environment:
+environment = git_multimail.GenericEnvironment(config=config)
+#environment = git_multimail.GitoliteEnvironment(config=config)
+
+
+# Choose the method of sending emails based on the git config:
+mailer = git_multimail.choose_mailer(config, environment)
+
+# Alternatively, you may hardcode the mailer using code like one of
+# the following:
+
+# Use "/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t" to send emails.  The envelopesender
+# argument is optional:
+#mailer = git_multimail.SendMailer(
+#    command=['/usr/sbin/sendmail', '-oi', '-t'],
+#    envelopesender='git-repo@example.com',
+#    )
+
+# Use Python's smtplib to send emails.  Both arguments are required.
+#mailer = git_multimail.SMTPMailer(
+#    envelopesender='git-repo@example.com',
+#    # The smtpserver argument can also include a port number; e.g.,
+#    #     smtpserver='mail.example.com:25'
+#    smtpserver='mail.example.com',
+#    )
+
+# OutputMailer is intended only for testing; it writes the emails to
+# the specified file stream.
+#mailer = git_multimail.OutputMailer(sys.stdout)
+
+
+# Read changes from stdin and send notification emails:
+git_multimail.run_as_post_receive_hook(environment, mailer)
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
index 01af9df15e..8747b84334 100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
+++ b/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email
@@ -2,10 +2,19 @@
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Andy Parkins
 #
-# An example hook script to mail out commit update information.  This hook
-# sends emails listing new revisions to the repository introduced by the
-# change being reported.  The rule is that (for branch updates) each commit
-# will appear on one email and one email only.
+# An example hook script to mail out commit update information.
+#
+# NOTE: This script is no longer under active development.  There
+# is another script, git-multimail, which is more capable and
+# configurable and is largely backwards-compatible with this script;
+# please see "contrib/hooks/multimail/".  For instructions on how to
+# migrate from post-receive-email to git-multimail, please see
+# "README.migrate-from-post-receive-email" in that directory.
+#
+# This hook sends emails listing new revisions to the repository
+# introduced by the change being reported.  The rule is that (for
+# branch updates) each commit will appear on one email and one email
+# only.
 #
 # This hook is stored in the contrib/hooks directory.  Your distribution
 # will have put this somewhere standard.  You should make this script
@@ -13,7 +22,6 @@
 # For example, on debian the hook is stored in
 # /usr/share/git-core/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email:
 #
-#  chmod a+x post-receive-email
 #  cd /path/to/your/repository.git
 #  ln -sf /usr/share/git-core/contrib/hooks/post-receive-email hooks/post-receive
 #
@@ -233,10 +241,14 @@ generate_email_header()
 	cat <<-EOF
 	To: $recipients
 	Subject: ${emailprefix}$projectdesc $refname_type $short_refname ${change_type}d. $describe
+	MIME-Version: 1.0
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
+	Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 	X-Git-Refname: $refname
 	X-Git-Reftype: $refname_type
 	X-Git-Oldrev: $oldrev
 	X-Git-Newrev: $newrev
+	Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
 
 	This is an automated email from the git hooks/post-receive script. It was
 	generated because a ref change was pushed to the repository containing
@@ -403,7 +415,7 @@ generate_update_branch_email()
 			echo "            \\"
 			echo "             O -- O -- O ($oldrev)"
 			echo ""
-			echo "The removed revisions are not necessarilly gone - if another reference"
+			echo "The removed revisions are not necessarily gone - if another reference"
 			echo "still refers to them they will stay in the repository."
 			rewind_only=1
 		else
@@ -461,7 +473,7 @@ generate_delete_branch_email()
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
 	echo $LOGBEGIN
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
@@ -537,11 +549,11 @@ generate_atag_email()
 		# performed on them
 		if [ -n "$prevtag" ]; then
 			# Show changes since the previous release
-			git rev-list --pretty=short "$prevtag..$newrev" | git shortlog
+			git shortlog "$prevtag..$newrev"
 		else
 			# No previous tag, show all the changes since time
 			# began
-			git rev-list --pretty=short $newrev | git shortlog
+			git shortlog $newrev
 		fi
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -561,7 +573,7 @@ generate_delete_atag_email()
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
 	echo $LOGBEGIN
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
@@ -607,7 +619,7 @@ generate_general_email()
 	echo ""
 	if [ "$newrev_type" = "commit" ]; then
 		echo $LOGBEGIN
-		git show --no-color --root -s --pretty=medium $newrev
+		git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=medium $newrev
 		echo $LOGEND
 	else
 		# What can we do here?  The tag marks an object that is not
@@ -626,7 +638,7 @@ generate_delete_general_email()
 	echo "       was  $oldrev"
 	echo ""
 	echo $LOGBEGIN
-	git show -s --pretty=oneline $oldrev
+	git diff-tree -s --always --encoding=UTF-8 --pretty=oneline $oldrev
 	echo $LOGEND
 }
 
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery b/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery
index 1f914c94aa..9d0c2d1990 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery
+++ b/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 # For example, if the hook is stored in
 # /usr/share/git-core/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery:
 #
-# chmod a+x pre-auto-gc-battery
 # cd /path/to/your/repository.git
 # ln -sf /usr/share/git-core/contrib/hooks/pre-auto-gc-battery \
 #	hooks/pre-auto-gc
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
index a577ad095f..2770a1b1d2 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
+++ b/contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use File::Find;
 use File::Basename;
 
 my $usage =
-"Usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
+"usage: setgitperms.perl [OPTION]... <--read|--write>
 This program uses a file `.gitmeta` to store/restore permissions and uid/gid
 info for all files/dirs tracked by git in the repository.
 
diff --git a/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid b/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid
index d18b317b2f..d18b317b2f 100644..100755
--- a/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid
+++ b/contrib/hooks/update-paranoid
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae545b013d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+git-remote-mediawiki
+git-mw
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc b/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a9955d757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/.perlcriticrc
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# These 3 rules demand to add the s, m and x flag to *every* regexp. This is
+# overkill and would be harmful for readability.
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireExtendedFormatting]
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireDotMatchAnything]
+[-RegularExpressions::RequireLineBoundaryMatching]
+
+# This rule says that builtin functions should not be called with parentheses
+# e.g.: (taken from CPAN's documentation)
+# open($handle, '>', $filename); #not ok
+# open $handle, '>', $filename;  #ok
+# Applying such a rule would mean modifying a huge number of lines for a
+# question of style.
+[-CodeLayout::ProhibitParensWithBuiltins]
+
+# This rule states that each system call should have its return value checked
+# The problem is that it includes the print call. Checking every print call's
+# return value would be harmful to the code readabilty.
+# This configuration keeps all default function but print.
+[InputOutput::RequireCheckedSyscalls]
+functions = open say close
+
+# This rules demands to add a dependancy for the Readonly module. This is not
+# wished.
+[-ValuesAndExpressions::ProhibitConstantPragma]
+
+# This rule is not really useful (rather a question of style) and produces many
+# warnings among the code.
+[-ValuesAndExpressions::ProhibitNoisyQuotes]
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm b/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d13c4dfa7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/Git/Mediawiki.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package Git::Mediawiki;
+
+use 5.008;
+use strict;
+use Git;
+
+BEGIN {
+
+our ($VERSION, @ISA, @EXPORT, @EXPORT_OK);
+
+# Totally unstable API.
+$VERSION = '0.01';
+
+require Exporter;
+
+@ISA = qw(Exporter);
+
+@EXPORT = ();
+
+# Methods which can be called as standalone functions as well:
+@EXPORT_OK = qw(clean_filename smudge_filename connect_maybe
+				EMPTY HTTP_CODE_OK HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND);
+}
+
+# Mediawiki filenames can contain forward slashes. This variable decides by which pattern they should be replaced
+use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => '%2F';
+
+# Used to test for empty strings
+use constant EMPTY => q{};
+
+# HTTP codes
+use constant HTTP_CODE_OK => 200;
+use constant HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND => 404;
+
+sub clean_filename {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	$filename =~ s{@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}}{/}g;
+	# [, ], |, {, and } are forbidden by MediaWiki, even URL-encoded.
+	# Do a variant of URL-encoding, i.e. looks like URL-encoding,
+	# but with _ added to prevent MediaWiki from thinking this is
+	# an actual special character.
+	$filename =~ s/[\[\]\{\}\|]/sprintf("_%%_%x", ord($&))/ge;
+	# If we use the uri escape before
+	# we should unescape here, before anything
+
+	return $filename;
+}
+
+sub smudge_filename {
+	my $filename = shift;
+	$filename =~ s{/}{@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}}g;
+	$filename =~ s/ /_/g;
+	# Decode forbidden characters encoded in clean_filename
+	$filename =~ s/_%_([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/sprintf('%c', hex($1))/ge;
+	return $filename;
+}
+
+sub connect_maybe {
+	my $wiki = shift;
+	if ($wiki) {
+		return $wiki;
+	}
+
+	my $remote_name = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	my ($wiki_login, $wiki_password, $wiki_domain);
+
+	$wiki_login = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwLogin");
+	$wiki_password = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwPassword");
+	$wiki_domain = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwDomain");
+
+	$wiki = MediaWiki::API->new;
+	$wiki->{config}->{api_url} = "${remote_url}/api.php";
+	if ($wiki_login) {
+		my %credential = (
+			'url' => $remote_url,
+			'username' => $wiki_login,
+			'password' => $wiki_password
+		);
+		Git::credential(\%credential);
+		my $request = {lgname => $credential{username},
+			       lgpassword => $credential{password},
+			       lgdomain => $wiki_domain};
+		if ($wiki->login($request)) {
+			Git::credential(\%credential, 'approve');
+			print {*STDERR} qq(Logged in mediawiki user "$credential{username}".\n);
+		} else {
+			print {*STDERR} qq(Failed to log in mediawiki user "$credential{username}" on ${remote_url}\n);
+			print {*STDERR} '  (error ' .
+				$wiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
+				$wiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
+			Git::credential(\%credential, 'reject');
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return $wiki;
+}
+
+1; # Famous last words
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile b/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4b6f7a2cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2013
+#     Matthieu Moy <Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr>
+#
+# To build and test:
+#
+#   make
+#   bin-wrapper/git mw preview Some_page.mw
+#   bin-wrapper/git clone mediawiki::http://example.com/wiki/
+#
+# To install, run Git's toplevel 'make install' then run:
+#
+#   make install
+
+GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM=Git/Mediawiki.pm
+SCRIPT_PERL=git-remote-mediawiki.perl
+SCRIPT_PERL+=git-mw.perl
+GIT_ROOT_DIR=../..
+HERE=contrib/mw-to-git/
+
+INSTALL = install
+
+SCRIPT_PERL_FULL=$(patsubst %,$(HERE)/%,$(SCRIPT_PERL))
+INSTLIBDIR=$(shell $(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR)/perl \
+                -s --no-print-directory instlibdir)
+DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
+INSTLIBDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(INSTLIBDIR))
+
+all: build
+
+test: all
+	$(MAKE) -C t
+
+check: perlcritic test
+
+install_pm:
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(INSTLIBDIR_SQ)/Git'
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $(GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM) \
+		'$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(INSTLIBDIR_SQ)/$(GIT_MEDIAWIKI_PM)'
+
+build:
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                build-perl-script
+
+install: install_pm
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                install-perl-script
+
+clean:
+	$(MAKE) -C $(GIT_ROOT_DIR) SCRIPT_PERL="$(SCRIPT_PERL_FULL)" \
+                clean-perl-script
+
+perlcritic:
+	perlcritic -5 $(SCRIPT_PERL)
+	-perlcritic -2 $(SCRIPT_PERL)
+
+.PHONY: all test check install_pm install clean perlcritic
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git b/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6663ae57e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/bin-wrapper/git
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# git executable wrapper script for Git-Mediawiki to run tests without
+# installing all the scripts and perl packages.
+
+GIT_ROOT_DIR=../../..
+GIT_EXEC_PATH=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && cd ${GIT_ROOT_DIR} && pwd)
+
+GITPERLLIB="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/contrib/mw-to-git'"${GITPERLLIB:+:$GITPERLLIB}"
+PATH="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/contrib/mw-to-git:'"$PATH"
+
+export GITPERLLIB PATH
+
+exec "${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/bin-wrappers/git" "$@"
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..28df3ee321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-mw.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2013
+#     Benoit Person <benoit.person@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Celestin Matte <celestin.matte@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# Set of tools for git repo with a mediawiki remote.
+# Documentation & bugtracker: https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Getopt::Long;
+use URI::URL qw(url);
+use LWP::UserAgent;
+use HTML::TreeBuilder;
+
+use Git;
+use MediaWiki::API;
+use Git::Mediawiki qw(clean_filename connect_maybe
+					EMPTY HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND);
+
+# By default, use UTF-8 to communicate with Git and the user
+binmode STDERR, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+
+# Global parameters
+my $verbose = 0;
+sub v_print {
+	if ($verbose) {
+		return print {*STDERR} @_;
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+# Preview parameters
+my $file_name = EMPTY;
+my $remote_name = EMPTY;
+my $preview_file_name = EMPTY;
+my $autoload = 0;
+sub file {
+	$file_name = shift;
+	return $file_name;
+}
+
+my %commands = (
+	'help' =>
+		[\&help, {}, \&help],
+	'preview' =>
+		[\&preview, {
+			'<>' => \&file,
+			'output|o=s' => \$preview_file_name,
+			'remote|r=s' => \$remote_name,
+			'autoload|a' => \$autoload
+		}, \&preview_help]
+);
+
+# Search for sub-command
+my $cmd = $commands{'help'};
+for (0..@ARGV-1) {
+	if (defined $commands{$ARGV[$_]}) {
+		$cmd = $commands{$ARGV[$_]};
+		splice @ARGV, $_, 1;
+		last;
+	}
+};
+GetOptions( %{$cmd->[1]},
+	'help|h' => \&{$cmd->[2]},
+	'verbose|v'  => \$verbose);
+
+# Launch command
+&{$cmd->[0]};
+
+############################# Preview Functions ################################
+
+sub preview_help {
+	print {*STDOUT} <<'END';
+USAGE: git mw preview [--remote|-r <remote name>] [--autoload|-a]
+                      [--output|-o <output filename>] [--verbose|-v]
+                      <blob> | <filename>
+
+DESCRIPTION:
+Preview is an utiliy to preview local content of a mediawiki repo as if it was
+pushed on the remote.
+
+For that, preview searches for the remote name of the current branch's
+upstream if --remote is not set. If that remote is not found or if it
+is not a mediawiki, it lists all mediawiki remotes configured and asks
+you to replay your command with the --remote option set properly.
+
+Then, it searches for a file named 'filename'. If it's not found in
+the current dir, it will assume it's a blob.
+
+The content retrieved in the file (or in the blob) will then be parsed
+by the remote mediawiki and combined with a template retrieved from
+the mediawiki.
+
+Finally, preview will save the HTML result in a file. and autoload it
+in your default web browser if the option --autoload is present.
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -r <remote name>, --remote <remote name>
+        If the remote is a mediawiki, the template and the parse engine
+        used for the preview will be those of that remote.
+        If not, a list of valid remotes will be shown.
+
+    -a, --autoload
+        Try to load the HTML output in a new tab (or new window) of your
+        default web browser.
+
+    -o <output filename>, --output <output filename>
+        Change the HTML output filename. Default filename is based on the
+        input filename with its extension replaced by '.html'.
+
+    -v, --verbose
+        Show more information on what's going on under the hood.
+END
+	exit;
+}
+
+sub preview {
+	my $wiki;
+	my ($remote_url, $wiki_page_name);
+	my ($new_content, $template);
+	my $file_content;
+
+	if ($file_name eq EMPTY) {
+		die "Missing file argument, see `git mw help`\n";
+	}
+
+	v_print("### Selecting remote\n");
+	if ($remote_name eq EMPTY) {
+		$remote_name = find_upstream_remote_name();
+		if ($remote_name) {
+			$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote_name);
+		}
+
+		if (! $remote_url) {
+			my @valid_remotes = find_mediawiki_remotes();
+
+			if ($#valid_remotes == 0) {
+				print {*STDERR} "No mediawiki remote in this repo. \n";
+				exit 1;
+			} else {
+				my $remotes_list = join("\n\t", @valid_remotes);
+				print {*STDERR} <<"MESSAGE";
+There are multiple mediawiki remotes, which of:
+	${remotes_list}
+do you want ? Use the -r option to specify the remote.
+MESSAGE
+			}
+
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (!is_valid_remote($remote_name)) {
+			die "${remote_name} is not a remote\n";
+		}
+
+		$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote_name);
+		if (! $remote_url) {
+			die "${remote_name} is not a mediawiki remote\n";
+		}
+	}
+	v_print("selected remote:\n\tname: ${remote_name}\n\turl: ${remote_url}\n");
+
+	$wiki = connect_maybe($wiki, $remote_name, $remote_url);
+
+	# Read file content
+	if (! -e $file_name) {
+		$file_content = git_cmd_try {
+			Git::command('cat-file', 'blob', $file_name); }
+			"%s failed w/ code %d";
+
+		if ($file_name =~ /(.+):(.+)/) {
+			$file_name = $2;
+		}
+	} else {
+		open my $read_fh, "<", $file_name
+			or die "could not open ${file_name}: $!\n";
+		$file_content = do { local $/ = undef; <$read_fh> };
+		close $read_fh
+			or die "unable to close: $!\n";
+	}
+
+	v_print("### Retrieving template\n");
+	($wiki_page_name = clean_filename($file_name)) =~ s/\.[^.]+$//;
+	$template = get_template($remote_url, $wiki_page_name);
+
+	v_print("### Parsing local content\n");
+	$new_content = $wiki->api({
+		action => 'parse',
+		text => $file_content,
+		title => $wiki_page_name
+	}, {
+		skip_encoding => 1
+	}) or die "No response from remote mediawiki\n";
+	$new_content = $new_content->{'parse'}->{'text'}->{'*'};
+
+	v_print("### Merging contents\n");
+	if ($preview_file_name eq EMPTY) {
+		($preview_file_name = $file_name) =~ s/\.[^.]+$/.html/;
+	}
+	open(my $save_fh, '>:encoding(UTF-8)', $preview_file_name)
+		or die "Could not open: $!\n";
+	print {$save_fh} merge_contents($template, $new_content, $remote_url);
+	close($save_fh)
+		or die "Could not close: $!\n";
+
+	v_print("### Results\n");
+	if ($autoload) {
+		v_print("Launching browser w/ file: ${preview_file_name}");
+		system('git', 'web--browse', $preview_file_name);
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} "Preview file saved as: ${preview_file_name}\n";
+	}
+
+	exit;
+}
+
+# uses global scope variable: $remote_name
+sub merge_contents {
+	my $template = shift;
+	my $content = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	my ($content_tree, $html_tree, $mw_content_text);
+	my $template_content_id = 'bodyContent';
+
+	$html_tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new;
+	$html_tree->parse($template);
+
+	$content_tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new;
+	$content_tree->parse($content);
+
+	$template_content_id = Git::config("remote.${remote_name}.mwIDcontent")
+		|| $template_content_id;
+	v_print("Using '${template_content_id}' as the content ID\n");
+
+	$mw_content_text = $html_tree->look_down('id', $template_content_id);
+	if (!defined $mw_content_text) {
+		print {*STDERR} <<"CONFIG";
+Could not combine the new content with the template. You might want to
+configure `mediawiki.IDContent` in your config:
+	git config --add remote.${remote_name}.mwIDcontent <id>
+and re-run the command afterward.
+CONFIG
+		exit 1;
+	}
+	$mw_content_text->delete_content();
+	$mw_content_text->push_content($content_tree);
+
+	make_links_absolute($html_tree, $remote_url);
+
+	return $html_tree->as_HTML;
+}
+
+sub make_links_absolute {
+	my $html_tree = shift;
+	my $remote_url = shift;
+	for (@{ $html_tree->extract_links() }) {
+		my ($link, $element, $attr) = @{ $_ };
+		my $url = url($link)->canonical;
+		if ($url !~ /#/) {
+			$element->attr($attr, URI->new_abs($url, $remote_url));
+		}
+	}
+	return $html_tree;
+}
+
+sub is_valid_remote {
+	my $remote = shift;
+	my @remotes = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command('remote') }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	my $found_remote = 0;
+	foreach my $remote (@remotes) {
+		if ($remote eq $remote) {
+			$found_remote = 1;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	return $found_remote;
+}
+
+sub find_mediawiki_remotes {
+	my @remotes = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command('remote'); }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	my $remote_url;
+	my @valid_remotes = ();
+	foreach my $remote (@remotes) {
+		$remote_url = mediawiki_remote_url_maybe($remote);
+		if ($remote_url) {
+			push(@valid_remotes, $remote);
+		}
+	}
+	return @valid_remotes;
+}
+
+sub find_upstream_remote_name {
+	my $current_branch = git_cmd_try {
+		Git::command_oneline('symbolic-ref', '--short', 'HEAD') }
+		"%s failed w/ code %d";
+	return Git::config("branch.${current_branch}.remote");
+}
+
+sub mediawiki_remote_url_maybe {
+	my $remote = shift;
+
+	# Find remote url
+	my $remote_url = Git::config("remote.${remote}.url");
+	if ($remote_url =~ s/mediawiki::(.*)/$1/) {
+		return url($remote_url)->canonical;
+	}
+
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_template {
+	my $url = shift;
+	my $page_name = shift;
+	my ($req, $res, $code, $url_after);
+
+	$req = LWP::UserAgent->new;
+	if ($verbose) {
+		$req->show_progress(1);
+	}
+
+	$res = $req->get("${url}/index.php?title=${page_name}");
+	if (!$res->is_success) {
+		$code = $res->code;
+		$url_after = $res->request()->uri(); # resolve all redirections
+		if ($code == HTTP_CODE_PAGE_NOT_FOUND) {
+			if ($verbose) {
+				print {*STDERR} <<"WARNING";
+Warning: Failed to retrieve '$page_name'. Create it on the mediawiki if you want
+all the links to work properly.
+Trying to use the mediawiki homepage as a fallback template ...
+WARNING
+			}
+
+			# LWP automatically redirects GET request
+			$res = $req->get("${url}/index.php");
+			if (!$res->is_success) {
+				$url_after = $res->request()->uri(); # resolve all redirections
+				die "Failed to get homepage @ ${url_after} w/ code ${code}\n";
+			}
+		} else {
+			die "Failed to get '${page_name}' @ ${url_after} w/ code ${code}\n";
+		}
+	}
+
+	return $res->decoded_content;
+}
+
+############################## Help Functions ##################################
+
+sub help {
+	print {*STDOUT} <<'END';
+usage: git mw <command> <args>
+
+git mw commands are:
+    help        Display help information about git mw
+    preview     Parse and render local file into HTML
+END
+	exit;
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki
deleted file mode 100755
index c18bfa1f15..0000000000
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,827 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/perl
-
-# Copyright (C) 2011
-#     Jérémie Nikaes <jeremie.nikaes@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Arnaud Lacurie <arnaud.lacurie@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Claire Fousse <claire.fousse@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     David Amouyal <david.amouyal@ensimag.imag.fr>
-#     Matthieu Moy <matthieu.moy@grenoble-inp.fr>
-# License: GPL v2 or later
-
-# Gateway between Git and MediaWiki.
-#   https://github.com/Bibzball/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
-#
-# Known limitations:
-#
-# - Only wiki pages are managed, no support for [[File:...]]
-#   attachments.
-#
-# - Poor performance in the best case: it takes forever to check
-#   whether we're up-to-date (on fetch or push) or to fetch a few
-#   revisions from a large wiki, because we use exclusively a
-#   page-based synchronization. We could switch to a wiki-wide
-#   synchronization when the synchronization involves few revisions
-#   but the wiki is large.
-#
-# - Git renames could be turned into MediaWiki renames (see TODO
-#   below)
-#
-# - login/password support requires the user to write the password
-#   cleartext in a file (see TODO below).
-#
-# - No way to import "one page, and all pages included in it"
-#
-# - Multiple remote MediaWikis have not been very well tested.
-
-use strict;
-use MediaWiki::API;
-use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
-use encoding 'utf8';
-
-# use encoding 'utf8' doesn't change STDERROR
-# but we're going to output UTF-8 filenames to STDERR
-binmode STDERR, ":utf8";
-
-use URI::Escape;
-use warnings;
-
-# Mediawiki filenames can contain forward slashes. This variable decides by which pattern they should be replaced
-use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => "%2F";
-
-# It's not always possible to delete pages (may require some
-# priviledges). Deleted pages are replaced with this content.
-use constant DELETED_CONTENT => "[[Category:Deleted]]\n";
-
-# It's not possible to create empty pages. New empty files in Git are
-# sent with this content instead.
-use constant EMPTY_CONTENT => "<!-- empty page -->\n";
-
-# used to reflect file creation or deletion in diff.
-use constant NULL_SHA1 => "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
-
-my $remotename = $ARGV[0];
-my $url = $ARGV[1];
-
-# Accept both space-separated and multiple keys in config file.
-# Spaces should be written as _ anyway because we'll use chomp.
-my @tracked_pages = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".pages"));
-chomp(@tracked_pages);
-
-# Just like @tracked_pages, but for MediaWiki categories.
-my @tracked_categories = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.". $remotename .".categories"));
-chomp(@tracked_categories);
-
-my $wiki_login = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwLogin");
-# TODO: ideally, this should be able to read from keyboard, but we're
-# inside a remote helper, so our stdin is connect to git, not to a
-# terminal.
-my $wiki_passwd = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwPassword");
-my $wiki_domain = run_git("config --get remote.". $remotename .".mwDomain");
-chomp($wiki_login);
-chomp($wiki_passwd);
-chomp($wiki_domain);
-
-# Import only last revisions (both for clone and fetch)
-my $shallow_import = run_git("config --get --bool remote.". $remotename .".shallow");
-chomp($shallow_import);
-$shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq "true");
-
-# Dumb push: don't update notes and mediawiki ref to reflect the last push.
-#
-# Configurable with mediawiki.dumbPush, or per-remote with
-# remote.<remotename>.dumbPush.
-#
-# This means the user will have to re-import the just-pushed
-# revisions. On the other hand, this means that the Git revisions
-# corresponding to MediaWiki revisions are all imported from the wiki,
-# regardless of whether they were initially created in Git or from the
-# web interface, hence all users will get the same history (i.e. if
-# the push from Git to MediaWiki loses some information, everybody
-# will get the history with information lost). If the import is
-# deterministic, this means everybody gets the same sha1 for each
-# MediaWiki revision.
-my $dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool remote.$remotename.dumbPush");
-unless ($dumb_push) {
-	$dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool mediawiki.dumbPush");
-}
-chomp($dumb_push);
-$dumb_push = ($dumb_push eq "true");
-
-my $wiki_name = $url;
-$wiki_name =~ s/[^\/]*:\/\///;
-# If URL is like http://user:password@example.com/, we clearly don't
-# want the password in $wiki_name. While we're there, also remove user
-# and '@' sign, to avoid author like MWUser@HTTPUser@host.com
-$wiki_name =~ s/^.*@//;
-
-# Commands parser
-my $entry;
-my @cmd;
-while (<STDIN>) {
-	chomp;
-	@cmd = split(/ /);
-	if (defined($cmd[0])) {
-		# Line not blank
-		if ($cmd[0] eq "capabilities") {
-			die("Too many arguments for capabilities") unless (!defined($cmd[1]));
-			mw_capabilities();
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "list") {
-			die("Too many arguments for list") unless (!defined($cmd[2]));
-			mw_list($cmd[1]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "import") {
-			die("Invalid arguments for import") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && !defined($cmd[2]));
-			mw_import($cmd[1]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "option") {
-			die("Too many arguments for option") unless ($cmd[1] ne "" && $cmd[2] ne "" && !defined($cmd[3]));
-			mw_option($cmd[1],$cmd[2]);
-		} elsif ($cmd[0] eq "push") {
-			mw_push($cmd[1]);
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Unknown command. Aborting...\n";
-			last;
-		}
-	} else {
-		# blank line: we should terminate
-		last;
-	}
-
-	BEGIN { $| = 1 } # flush STDOUT, to make sure the previous
-			 # command is fully processed.
-}
-
-########################## Functions ##############################
-
-# MediaWiki API instance, created lazily.
-my $mediawiki;
-
-sub mw_connect_maybe {
-	if ($mediawiki) {
-	    return;
-	}
-	$mediawiki = MediaWiki::API->new;
-	$mediawiki->{config}->{api_url} = "$url/api.php";
-	if ($wiki_login) {
-		if (!$mediawiki->login({
-			lgname => $wiki_login,
-			lgpassword => $wiki_passwd,
-			lgdomain => $wiki_domain,
-		})) {
-			print STDERR "Failed to log in mediawiki user \"$wiki_login\" on $url\n";
-			print STDERR "(error " .
-			    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
-			    $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
-			exit 1;
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Logged in with user \"$wiki_login\".\n";
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub get_mw_first_pages {
-	my $some_pages = shift;
-	my @some_pages = @{$some_pages};
-
-	my $pages = shift;
-
-	# pattern 'page1|page2|...' required by the API
-	my $titles = join('|', @some_pages);
-
-	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->api({
-		action => 'query',
-		titles => $titles,
-	});
-	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-		print STDERR "fatal: could not query the list of wiki pages.\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
-		exit 1;
-	}
-	while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$mw_pages->{query}->{pages}})) {
-		if ($id < 0) {
-			print STDERR "Warning: page $page->{title} not found on wiki\n";
-		} else {
-			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub get_mw_pages {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
-
-	my %pages; # hash on page titles to avoid duplicates
-	my $user_defined;
-	if (@tracked_pages) {
-		$user_defined = 1;
-		# The user provided a list of pages titles, but we
-		# still need to query the API to get the page IDs.
-
-		my @some_pages = @tracked_pages;
-		while (@some_pages) {
-			my $last = 50;
-			if ($#some_pages < $last) {
-				$last = $#some_pages;
-			}
-			my @slice = @some_pages[0..$last];
-			get_mw_first_pages(\@slice, \%pages);
-			@some_pages = @some_pages[51..$#some_pages];
-		}
-	}
-	if (@tracked_categories) {
-		$user_defined = 1;
-		foreach my $category (@tracked_categories) {
-			if (index($category, ':') < 0) {
-				# Mediawiki requires the Category
-				# prefix, but let's not force the user
-				# to specify it.
-				$category = "Category:" . $category;
-			}
-			my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list( {
-				action => 'query',
-				list => 'categorymembers',
-				cmtitle => $category,
-				cmlimit => 'max' } )
-			    || die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
-			foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
-				$pages{$page->{title}} = $page;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (!$user_defined) {
-		# No user-provided list, get the list of pages from
-		# the API.
-		my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
-			action => 'query',
-			list => 'allpages',
-			aplimit => 500,
-		});
-		if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
-			print STDERR "fatal: could not get the list of wiki pages.\n";
-			print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
-			print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
-			exit 1;
-		}
-		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
-			$pages{$page->{title}} = $page;
-		}
-	}
-	return values(%pages);
-}
-
-sub run_git {
-	open(my $git, "-|:encoding(UTF-8)", "git " . $_[0]);
-	my $res = do { local $/; <$git> };
-	close($git);
-
-	return $res;
-}
-
-
-sub get_last_local_revision {
-	# Get note regarding last mediawiki revision
-	my $note = run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki show refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
-	my @note_info = split(/ /, $note);
-
-	my $lastrevision_number;
-	if (!(defined($note_info[0]) && $note_info[0] eq "mediawiki_revision:")) {
-		print STDERR "No previous mediawiki revision found";
-		$lastrevision_number = 0;
-	} else {
-		# Notes are formatted : mediawiki_revision: #number
-		$lastrevision_number = $note_info[1];
-		chomp($lastrevision_number);
-		print STDERR "Last local mediawiki revision found is $lastrevision_number";
-	}
-	return $lastrevision_number;
-}
-
-# Remember the timestamp corresponding to a revision id.
-my %basetimestamps;
-
-sub get_last_remote_revision {
-	mw_connect_maybe();
-
-	my @pages = get_mw_pages();
-
-	my $max_rev_num = 0;
-
-	foreach my $page (@pages) {
-		my $id = $page->{pageid};
-
-		my $query = {
-			action => 'query',
-			prop => 'revisions',
-			rvprop => 'ids|timestamp',
-			pageids => $id,
-		};
-
-		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-
-		my $lastrev = pop(@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}});
-
-		$basetimestamps{$lastrev->{revid}} = $lastrev->{timestamp};
-
-		$max_rev_num = ($lastrev->{revid} > $max_rev_num ? $lastrev->{revid} : $max_rev_num);
-	}
-
-	print STDERR "Last remote revision found is $max_rev_num.\n";
-	return $max_rev_num;
-}
-
-# Clean content before sending it to MediaWiki
-sub mediawiki_clean {
-	my $string = shift;
-	my $page_created = shift;
-	# Mediawiki does not allow blank space at the end of a page and ends with a single \n.
-	# This function right trims a string and adds a \n at the end to follow this rule
-	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
-	if ($string eq "" && $page_created) {
-		# Creating empty pages is forbidden.
-		$string = EMPTY_CONTENT;
-	}
-	return $string."\n";
-}
-
-# Filter applied on MediaWiki data before adding them to Git
-sub mediawiki_smudge {
-	my $string = shift;
-	if ($string eq EMPTY_CONTENT) {
-		$string = "";
-	}
-	# This \n is important. This is due to mediawiki's way to handle end of files.
-	return $string."\n";
-}
-
-sub mediawiki_clean_filename {
-	my $filename = shift;
-	$filename =~ s/@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/\//g;
-	# [, ], |, {, and } are forbidden by MediaWiki, even URL-encoded.
-	# Do a variant of URL-encoding, i.e. looks like URL-encoding,
-	# but with _ added to prevent MediaWiki from thinking this is
-	# an actual special character.
-	$filename =~ s/[\[\]\{\}\|]/sprintf("_%%_%x", ord($&))/ge;
-	# If we use the uri escape before
-	# we should unescape here, before anything
-
-	return $filename;
-}
-
-sub mediawiki_smudge_filename {
-	my $filename = shift;
-	$filename =~ s/\//@{[SLASH_REPLACEMENT]}/g;
-	$filename =~ s/ /_/g;
-	# Decode forbidden characters encoded in mediawiki_clean_filename
-	$filename =~ s/_%_([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])/sprintf("%c", hex($1))/ge;
-	return $filename;
-}
-
-sub literal_data {
-	my ($content) = @_;
-	print STDOUT "data ", bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
-}
-
-sub mw_capabilities {
-	# Revisions are imported to the private namespace
-	# refs/mediawiki/$remotename/ by the helper and fetched into
-	# refs/remotes/$remotename later by fetch.
-	print STDOUT "refspec refs/heads/*:refs/mediawiki/$remotename/*\n";
-	print STDOUT "import\n";
-	print STDOUT "list\n";
-	print STDOUT "push\n";
-	print STDOUT "\n";
-}
-
-sub mw_list {
-	# MediaWiki do not have branches, we consider one branch arbitrarily
-	# called master, and HEAD pointing to it.
-	print STDOUT "? refs/heads/master\n";
-	print STDOUT "\@refs/heads/master HEAD\n";
-	print STDOUT "\n";
-}
-
-sub mw_option {
-	print STDERR "remote-helper command 'option $_[0]' not yet implemented\n";
-	print STDOUT "unsupported\n";
-}
-
-sub fetch_mw_revisions_for_page {
-	my $page = shift;
-	my $id = shift;
-	my $fetch_from = shift;
-	my @page_revs = ();
-	my $query = {
-		action => 'query',
-		prop => 'revisions',
-		rvprop => 'ids',
-		rvdir => 'newer',
-		rvstartid => $fetch_from,
-		rvlimit => 500,
-		pageids => $id,
-	};
-
-	my $revnum = 0;
-	# Get 500 revisions at a time due to the mediawiki api limit
-	while (1) {
-		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-
-		# Parse each of those 500 revisions
-		foreach my $revision (@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}}) {
-			my $page_rev_ids;
-			$page_rev_ids->{pageid} = $page->{pageid};
-			$page_rev_ids->{revid} = $revision->{revid};
-			push(@page_revs, $page_rev_ids);
-			$revnum++;
-		}
-		last unless $result->{'query-continue'};
-		$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{'query-continue'}->{revisions}->{rvstartid};
-	}
-	if ($shallow_import && @page_revs) {
-		print STDERR "  Found 1 revision (shallow import).\n";
-		@page_revs = sort {$b->{revid} <=> $a->{revid}} (@page_revs);
-		return $page_revs[0];
-	}
-	print STDERR "  Found ", $revnum, " revision(s).\n";
-	return @page_revs;
-}
-
-sub fetch_mw_revisions {
-	my $pages = shift; my @pages = @{$pages};
-	my $fetch_from = shift;
-
-	my @revisions = ();
-	my $n = 1;
-	foreach my $page (@pages) {
-		my $id = $page->{pageid};
-
-		print STDERR "page $n/", scalar(@pages), ": ". $page->{title} ."\n";
-		$n++;
-		my @page_revs = fetch_mw_revisions_for_page($page, $id, $fetch_from);
-		@revisions = (@page_revs, @revisions);
-	}
-
-	return ($n, @revisions);
-}
-
-sub import_file_revision {
-	my $commit = shift;
-	my %commit = %{$commit};
-	my $full_import = shift;
-	my $n = shift;
-
-	my $title = $commit{title};
-	my $comment = $commit{comment};
-	my $content = $commit{content};
-	my $author = $commit{author};
-	my $date = $commit{date};
-
-	print STDOUT "commit refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master\n";
-	print STDOUT "mark :$n\n";
-	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
-	literal_data($comment);
-
-	# If it's not a clone, we need to know where to start from
-	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "from refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master^0\n";
-	}
-	if ($content ne DELETED_CONTENT) {
-		print STDOUT "M 644 inline $title.mw\n";
-		literal_data($content);
-		print STDOUT "\n\n";
-	} else {
-		print STDOUT "D $title.mw\n";
-	}
-
-	# mediawiki revision number in the git note
-	if ($full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "reset refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
-	}
-	print STDOUT "commit refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki\n";
-	print STDOUT "committer $author <$author\@$wiki_name> ", $date->epoch, " +0000\n";
-	literal_data("Note added by git-mediawiki during import");
-	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
-		print STDOUT "from refs/notes/$remotename/mediawiki^0\n";
-	}
-	print STDOUT "N inline :$n\n";
-	literal_data("mediawiki_revision: " . $commit{mw_revision});
-	print STDOUT "\n\n";
-}
-
-# parse a sequence of
-# <cmd> <arg1>
-# <cmd> <arg2>
-# \n
-# (like batch sequence of import and sequence of push statements)
-sub get_more_refs {
-	my $cmd = shift;
-	my @refs;
-	while (1) {
-		my $line = <STDIN>;
-		if ($line =~ m/^$cmd (.*)$/) {
-			push(@refs, $1);
-		} elsif ($line eq "\n") {
-			return @refs;
-		} else {
-			die("Invalid command in a '$cmd' batch: ". $_);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub mw_import {
-	# multiple import commands can follow each other.
-	my @refs = (shift, get_more_refs("import"));
-	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
-		mw_import_ref($ref);
-	}
-	print STDOUT "done\n";
-}
-
-sub mw_import_ref {
-	my $ref = shift;
-	# The remote helper will call "import HEAD" and
-	# "import refs/heads/master".
-	# Since HEAD is a symbolic ref to master (by convention,
-	# followed by the output of the command "list" that we gave),
-	# we don't need to do anything in this case.
-	if ($ref eq "HEAD") {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	mw_connect_maybe();
-
-	my @pages = get_mw_pages();
-
-	print STDERR "Searching revisions...\n";
-	my $last_local = get_last_local_revision();
-	my $fetch_from = $last_local + 1;
-	if ($fetch_from == 1) {
-		print STDERR ", fetching from beginning.\n";
-	} else {
-		print STDERR ", fetching from here.\n";
-	}
-	my ($n, @revisions) = fetch_mw_revisions(\@pages, $fetch_from);
-
-	# Creation of the fast-import stream
-	print STDERR "Fetching & writing export data...\n";
-
-	$n = 0;
-	my $last_timestamp = 0; # Placeholer in case $rev->timestamp is undefined
-
-	foreach my $pagerevid (sort {$a->{revid} <=> $b->{revid}} @revisions) {
-		# fetch the content of the pages
-		my $query = {
-			action => 'query',
-			prop => 'revisions',
-			rvprop => 'content|timestamp|comment|user|ids',
-			revids => $pagerevid->{revid},
-		};
-
-		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
-
-		my $rev = pop(@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$pagerevid->{pageid}}->{revisions}});
-
-		$n++;
-
-		my %commit;
-		$commit{author} = $rev->{user} || 'Anonymous';
-		$commit{comment} = $rev->{comment} || '*Empty MediaWiki Message*';
-		$commit{title} = mediawiki_smudge_filename(
-			$result->{query}->{pages}->{$pagerevid->{pageid}}->{title}
-		    );
-		$commit{mw_revision} = $pagerevid->{revid};
-		$commit{content} = mediawiki_smudge($rev->{'*'});
-
-		if (!defined($rev->{timestamp})) {
-			$last_timestamp++;
-		} else {
-			$last_timestamp = $rev->{timestamp};
-		}
-		$commit{date} = DateTime::Format::ISO8601->parse_datetime($last_timestamp);
-
-		print STDERR "$n/", scalar(@revisions), ": Revision #$pagerevid->{revid} of $commit{title}\n";
-
-		import_file_revision(\%commit, ($fetch_from == 1), $n);
-	}
-
-	if ($fetch_from == 1 && $n == 0) {
-		print STDERR "You appear to have cloned an empty MediaWiki.\n";
-		# Something has to be done remote-helper side. If nothing is done, an error is
-		# thrown saying that HEAD is refering to unknown object 0000000000000000000
-		# and the clone fails.
-	}
-}
-
-sub error_non_fast_forward {
-	my $advice = run_git("config --bool advice.pushNonFastForward");
-	chomp($advice);
-	if ($advice ne "false") {
-		# Native git-push would show this after the summary.
-		# We can't ask it to display it cleanly, so print it
-		# ourselves before.
-		print STDERR "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n";
-		print STDERR "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the\n";
-		print STDERR "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n";
-	}
-	print STDOUT "error $_[0] \"non-fast-forward\"\n";
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sub mw_push_file {
-	my $diff_info = shift;
-	# $diff_info contains a string in this format:
-	# 100644 100644 <sha1_of_blob_before_commit> <sha1_of_blob_now> <status>
-	my @diff_info_split = split(/[ \t]/, $diff_info);
-
-	# Filename, including .mw extension
-	my $complete_file_name = shift;
-	# Commit message
-	my $summary = shift;
-	# MediaWiki revision number. Keep the previous one by default,
-	# in case there's no edit to perform.
-	my $newrevid = shift;
-
-	my $new_sha1 = $diff_info_split[3];
-	my $old_sha1 = $diff_info_split[2];
-	my $page_created = ($old_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
-	my $page_deleted = ($new_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
-	$complete_file_name = mediawiki_clean_filename($complete_file_name);
-
-	if (substr($complete_file_name,-3) eq ".mw") {
-		my $title = substr($complete_file_name,0,-3);
-
-		my $file_content;
-		if ($page_deleted) {
-			# Deleting a page usually requires
-			# special priviledges. A common
-			# convention is to replace the page
-			# with this content instead:
-			$file_content = DELETED_CONTENT;
-		} else {
-			$file_content = run_git("cat-file blob $new_sha1");
-		}
-
-		mw_connect_maybe();
-
-		my $result = $mediawiki->edit( {
-			action => 'edit',
-			summary => $summary,
-			title => $title,
-			basetimestamp => $basetimestamps{$newrevid},
-			text => mediawiki_clean($file_content, $page_created),
-				  }, {
-					  skip_encoding => 1 # Helps with names with accentuated characters
-				  });
-		if (!$result) {
-			if ($mediawiki->{error}->{code} == 3) {
-				# edit conflicts, considered as non-fast-forward
-				print STDERR 'Warning: Error ' .
-				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
-				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} .
-				    ".\n";
-				return ($newrevid, "non-fast-forward");
-			} else {
-				# Other errors. Shouldn't happen => just die()
-				die 'Fatal: Error ' .
-				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
-				    ' from mediwiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
-			}
-		}
-		$newrevid = $result->{edit}->{newrevid};
-		print STDERR "Pushed file: $new_sha1 - $title\n";
-	} else {
-		print STDERR "$complete_file_name not a mediawiki file (Not pushable on this version of git-remote-mediawiki).\n"
-	}
-	return ($newrevid, "ok");
-}
-
-sub mw_push {
-	# multiple push statements can follow each other
-	my @refsspecs = (shift, get_more_refs("push"));
-	my $pushed;
-	for my $refspec (@refsspecs) {
-		my ($force, $local, $remote) = $refspec =~ /^(\+)?([^:]*):([^:]*)$/
-		    or die("Invalid refspec for push. Expected <src>:<dst> or +<src>:<dst>");
-		if ($force) {
-			print STDERR "Warning: forced push not allowed on a MediaWiki.\n";
-		}
-		if ($local eq "") {
-			print STDERR "Cannot delete remote branch on a MediaWiki\n";
-			print STDOUT "error $remote cannot delete\n";
-			next;
-		}
-		if ($remote ne "refs/heads/master") {
-			print STDERR "Only push to the branch 'master' is supported on a MediaWiki\n";
-			print STDOUT "error $remote only master allowed\n";
-			next;
-		}
-		if (mw_push_revision($local, $remote)) {
-			$pushed = 1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	# Notify Git that the push is done
-	print STDOUT "\n";
-
-	if ($pushed && $dumb_push) {
-		print STDERR "Just pushed some revisions to MediaWiki.\n";
-		print STDERR "The pushed revisions now have to be re-imported, and your current branch\n";
-		print STDERR "needs to be updated with these re-imported commits. You can do this with\n";
-		print STDERR "\n";
-		print STDERR "  git pull --rebase\n";
-		print STDERR "\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub mw_push_revision {
-	my $local = shift;
-	my $remote = shift; # actually, this has to be "refs/heads/master" at this point.
-	my $last_local_revid = get_last_local_revision();
-	print STDERR ".\n"; # Finish sentence started by get_last_local_revision()
-	my $last_remote_revid = get_last_remote_revision();
-	my $mw_revision = $last_remote_revid;
-
-	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by local HEAD
-	my $HEAD_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse $local 2>/dev/null"); chomp($HEAD_sha1);
-	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by remotes/$remotename/master
-	my $remoteorigin_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse refs/remotes/$remotename/master 2>/dev/null");
-	chomp($remoteorigin_sha1);
-
-	if ($last_local_revid > 0 &&
-	    $last_local_revid < $last_remote_revid) {
-		return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
-	}
-
-	if ($HEAD_sha1 eq $remoteorigin_sha1) {
-		# nothing to push
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	# Get every commit in between HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master,
-	# including HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master
-	my @commit_pairs = ();
-	if ($last_local_revid > 0) {
-		my $parsed_sha1 = $remoteorigin_sha1;
-		# Find a path from last MediaWiki commit to pushed commit
-		while ($parsed_sha1 ne $HEAD_sha1) {
-			my @commit_info =  grep(/^$parsed_sha1/, split(/\n/, run_git("rev-list --children $local")));
-			if (!@commit_info) {
-				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
-			}
-			my @commit_info_split = split(/ |\n/, $commit_info[0]);
-			# $commit_info_split[1] is the sha1 of the commit to export
-			# $commit_info_split[0] is the sha1 of its direct child
-			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
-			$parsed_sha1 = $commit_info_split[1];
-		}
-	} else {
-		# No remote mediawiki revision. Export the whole
-		# history (linearized with --first-parent)
-		print STDERR "Warning: no common ancestor, pushing complete history\n";
-		my $history = run_git("rev-list --first-parent --children $local");
-		my @history = split('\n', $history);
-		@history = @history[1..$#history];
-		foreach my $line (reverse @history) {
-			my @commit_info_split = split(/ |\n/, $line);
-			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
-		}
-	}
-
-	foreach my $commit_info_split (@commit_pairs) {
-		my $sha1_child = @{$commit_info_split}[0];
-		my $sha1_commit = @{$commit_info_split}[1];
-		my $diff_infos = run_git("diff-tree -r --raw -z $sha1_child $sha1_commit");
-		# TODO: we could detect rename, and encode them with a #redirect on the wiki.
-		# TODO: for now, it's just a delete+add
-		my @diff_info_list = split(/\0/, $diff_infos);
-		# Keep the first line of the commit message as mediawiki comment for the revision
-		my $commit_msg = (split(/\n/, run_git("show --pretty=format:\"%s\" $sha1_commit")))[0];
-		chomp($commit_msg);
-		# Push every blob
-		while (@diff_info_list) {
-			my $status;
-			# git diff-tree -z gives an output like
-			# <metadata>\0<filename1>\0
-			# <metadata>\0<filename2>\0
-			# and we've split on \0.
-			my $info = shift(@diff_info_list);
-			my $file = shift(@diff_info_list);
-			($mw_revision, $status) = mw_push_file($info, $file, $commit_msg, $mw_revision);
-			if ($status eq "non-fast-forward") {
-				# we may already have sent part of the
-				# commit to MediaWiki, but it's too
-				# late to cancel it. Stop the push in
-				# the middle, but still give an
-				# accurate error message.
-				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
-			}
-			if ($status ne "ok") {
-				die("Unknown error from mw_push_file()");
-			}
-		}
-		unless ($dumb_push) {
-			run_git("notes --ref=$remotename/mediawiki add -m \"mediawiki_revision: $mw_revision\" $sha1_commit");
-			run_git("update-ref -m \"Git-MediaWiki push\" refs/mediawiki/$remotename/master $sha1_commit $sha1_child");
-		}
-	}
-
-	print STDOUT "ok $remote\n";
-	return 1;
-}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8dd74a9a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.perl
@@ -0,0 +1,1338 @@
+#! /usr/bin/perl
+
+# Copyright (C) 2011
+#     Jérémie Nikaes <jeremie.nikaes@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Arnaud Lacurie <arnaud.lacurie@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Claire Fousse <claire.fousse@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     David Amouyal <david.amouyal@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Matthieu Moy <matthieu.moy@grenoble-inp.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# Gateway between Git and MediaWiki.
+# Documentation & bugtracker: https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/
+
+use strict;
+use MediaWiki::API;
+use Git;
+use Git::Mediawiki qw(clean_filename smudge_filename connect_maybe
+					EMPTY HTTP_CODE_OK);
+use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
+use warnings;
+
+# By default, use UTF-8 to communicate with Git and the user
+binmode STDERR, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+
+use URI::Escape;
+
+# It's not always possible to delete pages (may require some
+# privileges). Deleted pages are replaced with this content.
+use constant DELETED_CONTENT => "[[Category:Deleted]]\n";
+
+# It's not possible to create empty pages. New empty files in Git are
+# sent with this content instead.
+use constant EMPTY_CONTENT => "<!-- empty page -->\n";
+
+# used to reflect file creation or deletion in diff.
+use constant NULL_SHA1 => '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000';
+
+# Used on Git's side to reflect empty edit messages on the wiki
+use constant EMPTY_MESSAGE => '*Empty MediaWiki Message*';
+
+# Number of pages taken into account at once in submodule get_mw_page_list
+use constant SLICE_SIZE => 50;
+
+# Number of linked mediafile to get at once in get_linked_mediafiles
+# The query is split in small batches because of the MW API limit of
+# the number of links to be returned (500 links max).
+use constant BATCH_SIZE => 10;
+
+if (@ARGV != 2) {
+	exit_error_usage();
+}
+
+my $remotename = $ARGV[0];
+my $url = $ARGV[1];
+
+# Accept both space-separated and multiple keys in config file.
+# Spaces should be written as _ anyway because we'll use chomp.
+my @tracked_pages = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.pages"));
+chomp(@tracked_pages);
+
+# Just like @tracked_pages, but for MediaWiki categories.
+my @tracked_categories = split(/[ \n]/, run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.categories"));
+chomp(@tracked_categories);
+
+# Import media files on pull
+my $import_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.mediaimport");
+chomp($import_media);
+$import_media = ($import_media eq 'true');
+
+# Export media files on push
+my $export_media = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.mediaexport");
+chomp($export_media);
+$export_media = !($export_media eq 'false');
+
+my $wiki_login = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwLogin");
+# Note: mwPassword is discourraged. Use the credential system instead.
+my $wiki_passwd = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwPassword");
+my $wiki_domain = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.mwDomain");
+chomp($wiki_login);
+chomp($wiki_passwd);
+chomp($wiki_domain);
+
+# Import only last revisions (both for clone and fetch)
+my $shallow_import = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.shallow");
+chomp($shallow_import);
+$shallow_import = ($shallow_import eq 'true');
+
+# Fetch (clone and pull) by revisions instead of by pages. This behavior
+# is more efficient when we have a wiki with lots of pages and we fetch
+# the revisions quite often so that they concern only few pages.
+# Possible values:
+# - by_rev: perform one query per new revision on the remote wiki
+# - by_page: query each tracked page for new revision
+my $fetch_strategy = run_git("config --get remote.${remotename}.fetchStrategy");
+if (!$fetch_strategy) {
+	$fetch_strategy = run_git('config --get mediawiki.fetchStrategy');
+}
+chomp($fetch_strategy);
+if (!$fetch_strategy) {
+	$fetch_strategy = 'by_page';
+}
+
+# Remember the timestamp corresponding to a revision id.
+my %basetimestamps;
+
+# Dumb push: don't update notes and mediawiki ref to reflect the last push.
+#
+# Configurable with mediawiki.dumbPush, or per-remote with
+# remote.<remotename>.dumbPush.
+#
+# This means the user will have to re-import the just-pushed
+# revisions. On the other hand, this means that the Git revisions
+# corresponding to MediaWiki revisions are all imported from the wiki,
+# regardless of whether they were initially created in Git or from the
+# web interface, hence all users will get the same history (i.e. if
+# the push from Git to MediaWiki loses some information, everybody
+# will get the history with information lost). If the import is
+# deterministic, this means everybody gets the same sha1 for each
+# MediaWiki revision.
+my $dumb_push = run_git("config --get --bool remote.${remotename}.dumbPush");
+if (!$dumb_push) {
+	$dumb_push = run_git('config --get --bool mediawiki.dumbPush');
+}
+chomp($dumb_push);
+$dumb_push = ($dumb_push eq 'true');
+
+my $wiki_name = $url;
+$wiki_name =~ s{[^/]*://}{};
+# If URL is like http://user:password@example.com/, we clearly don't
+# want the password in $wiki_name. While we're there, also remove user
+# and '@' sign, to avoid author like MWUser@HTTPUser@host.com
+$wiki_name =~ s/^.*@//;
+
+# Commands parser
+while (<STDIN>) {
+	chomp;
+
+	if (!parse_command($_)) {
+		last;
+	}
+
+	BEGIN { $| = 1 } # flush STDOUT, to make sure the previous
+			 # command is fully processed.
+}
+
+########################## Functions ##############################
+
+## error handling
+sub exit_error_usage {
+	die "ERROR: git-remote-mediawiki module was not called with a correct number of\n" .
+	    "parameters\n" .
+	    "You may obtain this error because you attempted to run the git-remote-mediawiki\n" .
+            "module directly.\n" .
+	    "This module can be used the following way:\n" .
+	    "\tgit clone mediawiki://<address of a mediawiki>\n" .
+	    "Then, use git commit, push and pull as with every normal git repository.\n";
+}
+
+sub parse_command {
+	my ($line) = @_;
+	my @cmd = split(/ /, $line);
+	if (!defined $cmd[0]) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if ($cmd[0] eq 'capabilities') {
+		die("Too many arguments for capabilities\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[1]));
+		mw_capabilities();
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'list') {
+		die("Too many arguments for list\n") if (defined($cmd[2]));
+		mw_list($cmd[1]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'import') {
+		die("Invalid argument for import\n")
+		    if ($cmd[1] eq EMPTY);
+		die("Too many arguments for import\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[2]));
+		mw_import($cmd[1]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'option') {
+		die("Invalid arguments for option\n")
+		    if ($cmd[1] eq EMPTY || $cmd[2] eq EMPTY);
+		die("Too many arguments for option\n")
+		    if (defined($cmd[3]));
+		mw_option($cmd[1],$cmd[2]);
+	} elsif ($cmd[0] eq 'push') {
+		mw_push($cmd[1]);
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} "Unknown command. Aborting...\n";
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+# MediaWiki API instance, created lazily.
+my $mediawiki;
+
+sub fatal_mw_error {
+	my $action = shift;
+	print STDERR "fatal: could not $action.\n";
+	print STDERR "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+	if ($url =~ /^https/) {
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page\n";
+		print STDERR "fatal: and the SSL certificate is correct.\n";
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
+	}
+	print STDERR "fatal: (error " .
+	    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': ' .
+	    $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . ")\n";
+	exit 1;
+}
+
+## Functions for listing pages on the remote wiki
+sub get_mw_tracked_pages {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	get_mw_page_list(\@tracked_pages, $pages);
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_page_list {
+	my $page_list = shift;
+	my $pages = shift;
+	my @some_pages = @{$page_list};
+	while (@some_pages) {
+		my $last_page = SLICE_SIZE;
+		if ($#some_pages < $last_page) {
+			$last_page = $#some_pages;
+		}
+		my @slice = @some_pages[0..$last_page];
+		get_mw_first_pages(\@slice, $pages);
+		@some_pages = @some_pages[(SLICE_SIZE + 1)..$#some_pages];
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_tracked_categories {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	foreach my $category (@tracked_categories) {
+		if (index($category, ':') < 0) {
+			# Mediawiki requires the Category
+			# prefix, but let's not force the user
+			# to specify it.
+			$category = "Category:${category}";
+		}
+		my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list( {
+			action => 'query',
+			list => 'categorymembers',
+			cmtitle => $category,
+			cmlimit => 'max' } )
+			|| die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ': '
+				. $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
+		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+		}
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_all_pages {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	# No user-provided list, get the list of pages from the API.
+	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
+		action => 'query',
+		list => 'allpages',
+		aplimit => 'max'
+	});
+	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
+		fatal_mw_error("get the list of wiki pages");
+	}
+	foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+		$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+# queries the wiki for a set of pages. Meant to be used within a loop
+# querying the wiki for slices of page list.
+sub get_mw_first_pages {
+	my $some_pages = shift;
+	my @some_pages = @{$some_pages};
+
+	my $pages = shift;
+
+	# pattern 'page1|page2|...' required by the API
+	my $titles = join('|', @some_pages);
+
+	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->api({
+		action => 'query',
+		titles => $titles,
+	});
+	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
+		fatal_mw_error("query the list of wiki pages");
+	}
+	while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$mw_pages->{query}->{pages}})) {
+		if ($id < 0) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Warning: page $page->{title} not found on wiki\n";
+		} else {
+			$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+		}
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+# Get the list of pages to be fetched according to configuration.
+sub get_mw_pages {
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+	print {*STDERR} "Listing pages on remote wiki...\n";
+
+	my %pages; # hash on page titles to avoid duplicates
+	my $user_defined;
+	if (@tracked_pages) {
+		$user_defined = 1;
+		# The user provided a list of pages titles, but we
+		# still need to query the API to get the page IDs.
+		get_mw_tracked_pages(\%pages);
+	}
+	if (@tracked_categories) {
+		$user_defined = 1;
+		get_mw_tracked_categories(\%pages);
+	}
+	if (!$user_defined) {
+		get_mw_all_pages(\%pages);
+	}
+	if ($import_media) {
+		print {*STDERR} "Getting media files for selected pages...\n";
+		if ($user_defined) {
+			get_linked_mediafiles(\%pages);
+		} else {
+			get_all_mediafiles(\%pages);
+		}
+	}
+	print {*STDERR} (scalar keys %pages) . " pages found.\n";
+	return %pages;
+}
+
+# usage: $out = run_git("command args");
+#        $out = run_git("command args", "raw"); # don't interpret output as UTF-8.
+sub run_git {
+	my $args = shift;
+	my $encoding = (shift || 'encoding(UTF-8)');
+	open(my $git, "-|:${encoding}", "git ${args}")
+	    or die "Unable to fork: $!\n";
+	my $res = do {
+		local $/ = undef;
+		<$git>
+	};
+	close($git);
+
+	return $res;
+}
+
+
+sub get_all_mediafiles {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	# Attach list of all pages for media files from the API,
+	# they are in a different namespace, only one namespace
+	# can be queried at the same moment
+	my $mw_pages = $mediawiki->list({
+		action => 'query',
+		list => 'allpages',
+		apnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id('File'),
+		aplimit => 'max'
+	});
+	if (!defined($mw_pages)) {
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: could not get the list of pages for media files.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: '$url' does not appear to be a mediawiki\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "fatal: make sure '$url/api.php' is a valid page.\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+	foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+		$pages->{$page->{title}} = $page;
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_linked_mediafiles {
+	my $pages = shift;
+	my @titles = map { $_->{title} } values(%{$pages});
+
+	my $batch = BATCH_SIZE;
+	while (@titles) {
+		if ($#titles < $batch) {
+			$batch = $#titles;
+		}
+		my @slice = @titles[0..$batch];
+
+		# pattern 'page1|page2|...' required by the API
+		my $mw_titles = join('|', @slice);
+
+		# Media files could be included or linked from
+		# a page, get all related
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'query',
+			prop => 'links|images',
+			titles => $mw_titles,
+			plnamespace => get_mw_namespace_id('File'),
+			pllimit => 'max'
+		};
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		while (my ($id, $page) = each(%{$result->{query}->{pages}})) {
+			my @media_titles;
+			if (defined($page->{links})) {
+				my @link_titles
+				    = map { $_->{title} } @{$page->{links}};
+				push(@media_titles, @link_titles);
+			}
+			if (defined($page->{images})) {
+				my @image_titles
+				    = map { $_->{title} } @{$page->{images}};
+				push(@media_titles, @image_titles);
+			}
+			if (@media_titles) {
+				get_mw_page_list(\@media_titles, $pages);
+			}
+		}
+
+		@titles = @titles[($batch+1)..$#titles];
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision {
+	# Name of the file on Wiki, with the prefix.
+	my $filename = shift;
+	my $timestamp = shift;
+	my %mediafile;
+
+	# Search if on a media file with given timestamp exists on
+	# MediaWiki. In that case download the file.
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		prop => 'imageinfo',
+		titles => "File:${filename}",
+		iistart => $timestamp,
+		iiend => $timestamp,
+		iiprop => 'timestamp|archivename|url',
+		iilimit => 1
+	};
+	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+	my ($fileid, $file) = each( %{$result->{query}->{pages}} );
+	# If not defined it means there is no revision of the file for
+	# given timestamp.
+	if (defined($file->{imageinfo})) {
+		$mediafile{title} = $filename;
+
+		my $fileinfo = pop(@{$file->{imageinfo}});
+		$mediafile{timestamp} = $fileinfo->{timestamp};
+		# Mediawiki::API's download function doesn't support https URLs
+		# and can't download old versions of files.
+		print {*STDERR} "\tDownloading file $mediafile{title}, version $mediafile{timestamp}\n";
+		$mediafile{content} = download_mw_mediafile($fileinfo->{url});
+	}
+	return %mediafile;
+}
+
+sub download_mw_mediafile {
+	my $download_url = shift;
+
+	my $response = $mediawiki->{ua}->get($download_url);
+	if ($response->code == HTTP_CODE_OK) {
+		# It is tempting to return
+		# $response->decoded_content({charset => "none"}), but
+		# when doing so, utf8::downgrade($content) fails with
+		# "Wide character in subroutine entry".
+		$response->decode();
+		return $response->content();
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} "Error downloading mediafile from :\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "URL: ${download_url}\n";
+		print {*STDERR} 'Server response: ' . $response->code . q{ } . $response->message . "\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_last_local_revision {
+	# Get note regarding last mediawiki revision
+	my $note = run_git("notes --ref=${remotename}/mediawiki show refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master 2>/dev/null");
+	my @note_info = split(/ /, $note);
+
+	my $lastrevision_number;
+	if (!(defined($note_info[0]) && $note_info[0] eq 'mediawiki_revision:')) {
+		print {*STDERR} 'No previous mediawiki revision found';
+		$lastrevision_number = 0;
+	} else {
+		# Notes are formatted : mediawiki_revision: #number
+		$lastrevision_number = $note_info[1];
+		chomp($lastrevision_number);
+		print {*STDERR} "Last local mediawiki revision found is ${lastrevision_number}";
+	}
+	return $lastrevision_number;
+}
+
+# Get the last remote revision without taking in account which pages are
+# tracked or not. This function makes a single request to the wiki thus
+# avoid a loop onto all tracked pages. This is useful for the fetch-by-rev
+# option.
+sub get_last_global_remote_rev {
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		list => 'recentchanges',
+		prop => 'revisions',
+		rclimit => '1',
+		rcdir => 'older',
+	};
+	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+	return $result->{query}->{recentchanges}[0]->{revid};
+}
+
+# Get the last remote revision concerning the tracked pages and the tracked
+# categories.
+sub get_last_remote_revision {
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
+	my @pages = values(%pages_hash);
+
+	my $max_rev_num = 0;
+
+	print {*STDERR} "Getting last revision id on tracked pages...\n";
+
+	foreach my $page (@pages) {
+		my $id = $page->{pageid};
+
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'query',
+			prop => 'revisions',
+			rvprop => 'ids|timestamp',
+			pageids => $id,
+		};
+
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		my $lastrev = pop(@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}});
+
+		$basetimestamps{$lastrev->{revid}} = $lastrev->{timestamp};
+
+		$max_rev_num = ($lastrev->{revid} > $max_rev_num ? $lastrev->{revid} : $max_rev_num);
+	}
+
+	print {*STDERR} "Last remote revision found is $max_rev_num.\n";
+	return $max_rev_num;
+}
+
+# Clean content before sending it to MediaWiki
+sub mediawiki_clean {
+	my $string = shift;
+	my $page_created = shift;
+	# Mediawiki does not allow blank space at the end of a page and ends with a single \n.
+	# This function right trims a string and adds a \n at the end to follow this rule
+	$string =~ s/\s+$//;
+	if ($string eq EMPTY && $page_created) {
+		# Creating empty pages is forbidden.
+		$string = EMPTY_CONTENT;
+	}
+	return $string."\n";
+}
+
+# Filter applied on MediaWiki data before adding them to Git
+sub mediawiki_smudge {
+	my $string = shift;
+	if ($string eq EMPTY_CONTENT) {
+		$string = EMPTY;
+	}
+	# This \n is important. This is due to mediawiki's way to handle end of files.
+	return "${string}\n";
+}
+
+sub literal_data {
+	my ($content) = @_;
+	print {*STDOUT} 'data ', bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	return;
+}
+
+sub literal_data_raw {
+	# Output possibly binary content.
+	my ($content) = @_;
+	# Avoid confusion between size in bytes and in characters
+	utf8::downgrade($content);
+	binmode STDOUT, ':raw';
+	print {*STDOUT} 'data ', bytes::length($content), "\n", $content;
+	binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_capabilities {
+	# Revisions are imported to the private namespace
+	# refs/mediawiki/$remotename/ by the helper and fetched into
+	# refs/remotes/$remotename later by fetch.
+	print {*STDOUT} "refspec refs/heads/*:refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/*\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "import\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "list\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "push\n";
+	if ($dumb_push) {
+		print {*STDOUT} "no-private-update\n";
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_list {
+	# MediaWiki do not have branches, we consider one branch arbitrarily
+	# called master, and HEAD pointing to it.
+	print {*STDOUT} "? refs/heads/master\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "\@refs/heads/master HEAD\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_option {
+	print {*STDERR} "remote-helper command 'option $_[0]' not yet implemented\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "unsupported\n";
+	return;
+}
+
+sub fetch_mw_revisions_for_page {
+	my $page = shift;
+	my $id = shift;
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my @page_revs = ();
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		prop => 'revisions',
+		rvprop => 'ids',
+		rvdir => 'newer',
+		rvstartid => $fetch_from,
+		rvlimit => 500,
+		pageids => $id,
+
+		# Let MediaWiki know that we support the latest API.
+		continue => '',
+	};
+
+	my $revnum = 0;
+	# Get 500 revisions at a time due to the mediawiki api limit
+	while (1) {
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		# Parse each of those 500 revisions
+		foreach my $revision (@{$result->{query}->{pages}->{$id}->{revisions}}) {
+			my $page_rev_ids;
+			$page_rev_ids->{pageid} = $page->{pageid};
+			$page_rev_ids->{revid} = $revision->{revid};
+			push(@page_revs, $page_rev_ids);
+			$revnum++;
+		}
+
+		if ($result->{'query-continue'}) { # For legacy APIs
+			$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{'query-continue'}->{revisions}->{rvstartid};
+		} elsif ($result->{continue}) { # For newer APIs
+			$query->{rvstartid} = $result->{continue}->{rvcontinue};
+			$query->{continue} = $result->{continue}->{continue};
+		} else {
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($shallow_import && @page_revs) {
+		print {*STDERR} "  Found 1 revision (shallow import).\n";
+		@page_revs = sort {$b->{revid} <=> $a->{revid}} (@page_revs);
+		return $page_revs[0];
+	}
+	print {*STDERR} "  Found ${revnum} revision(s).\n";
+	return @page_revs;
+}
+
+sub fetch_mw_revisions {
+	my $pages = shift; my @pages = @{$pages};
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+
+	my @revisions = ();
+	my $n = 1;
+	foreach my $page (@pages) {
+		my $id = $page->{pageid};
+		print {*STDERR} "page ${n}/", scalar(@pages), ': ', $page->{title}, "\n";
+		$n++;
+		my @page_revs = fetch_mw_revisions_for_page($page, $id, $fetch_from);
+		@revisions = (@page_revs, @revisions);
+	}
+
+	return ($n, @revisions);
+}
+
+sub fe_escape_path {
+    my $path = shift;
+    $path =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
+    $path =~ s/"/\\"/g;
+    $path =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
+    return qq("${path}");
+}
+
+sub import_file_revision {
+	my $commit = shift;
+	my %commit = %{$commit};
+	my $full_import = shift;
+	my $n = shift;
+	my $mediafile = shift;
+	my %mediafile;
+	if ($mediafile) {
+		%mediafile = %{$mediafile};
+	}
+
+	my $title = $commit{title};
+	my $comment = $commit{comment};
+	my $content = $commit{content};
+	my $author = $commit{author};
+	my $date = $commit{date};
+
+	print {*STDOUT} "commit refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "mark :${n}\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "committer ${author} <${author}\@${wiki_name}> " . $date->epoch . " +0000\n";
+	literal_data($comment);
+
+	# If it's not a clone, we need to know where to start from
+	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
+		print {*STDOUT} "from refs/mediawiki/${remotename}/master^0\n";
+	}
+	if ($content ne DELETED_CONTENT) {
+		print {*STDOUT} 'M 644 inline ' .
+		    fe_escape_path("${title}.mw") . "\n";
+		literal_data($content);
+		if (%mediafile) {
+			print {*STDOUT} 'M 644 inline '
+			    . fe_escape_path($mediafile{title}) . "\n";
+			literal_data_raw($mediafile{content});
+		}
+		print {*STDOUT} "\n\n";
+	} else {
+		print {*STDOUT} 'D ' . fe_escape_path("${title}.mw") . "\n";
+	}
+
+	# mediawiki revision number in the git note
+	if ($full_import && $n == 1) {
+		print {*STDOUT} "reset refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki\n";
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} "commit refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki\n";
+	print {*STDOUT} "committer ${author} <${author}\@${wiki_name}> " . $date->epoch . " +0000\n";
+	literal_data('Note added by git-mediawiki during import');
+	if (!$full_import && $n == 1) {
+		print {*STDOUT} "from refs/notes/${remotename}/mediawiki^0\n";
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} "N inline :${n}\n";
+	literal_data("mediawiki_revision: $commit{mw_revision}");
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n\n";
+	return;
+}
+
+# parse a sequence of
+# <cmd> <arg1>
+# <cmd> <arg2>
+# \n
+# (like batch sequence of import and sequence of push statements)
+sub get_more_refs {
+	my $cmd = shift;
+	my @refs;
+	while (1) {
+		my $line = <STDIN>;
+		if ($line =~ /^$cmd (.*)$/) {
+			push(@refs, $1);
+		} elsif ($line eq "\n") {
+			return @refs;
+		} else {
+			die("Invalid command in a '$cmd' batch: $_\n");
+		}
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_import {
+	# multiple import commands can follow each other.
+	my @refs = (shift, get_more_refs('import'));
+	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
+		mw_import_ref($ref);
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} "done\n";
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_import_ref {
+	my $ref = shift;
+	# The remote helper will call "import HEAD" and
+	# "import refs/heads/master".
+	# Since HEAD is a symbolic ref to master (by convention,
+	# followed by the output of the command "list" that we gave),
+	# we don't need to do anything in this case.
+	if ($ref eq 'HEAD') {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+	print {*STDERR} "Searching revisions...\n";
+	my $last_local = get_last_local_revision();
+	my $fetch_from = $last_local + 1;
+	if ($fetch_from == 1) {
+		print {*STDERR} ", fetching from beginning.\n";
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} ", fetching from here.\n";
+	}
+
+	my $n = 0;
+	if ($fetch_strategy eq 'by_rev') {
+		print {*STDERR} "Fetching & writing export data by revs...\n";
+		$n = mw_import_ref_by_revs($fetch_from);
+	} elsif ($fetch_strategy eq 'by_page') {
+		print {*STDERR} "Fetching & writing export data by pages...\n";
+		$n = mw_import_ref_by_pages($fetch_from);
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} qq(fatal: invalid fetch strategy "${fetch_strategy}".\n);
+		print {*STDERR} "Check your configuration variables remote.${remotename}.fetchStrategy and mediawiki.fetchStrategy\n";
+		exit 1;
+	}
+
+	if ($fetch_from == 1 && $n == 0) {
+		print {*STDERR} "You appear to have cloned an empty MediaWiki.\n";
+		# Something has to be done remote-helper side. If nothing is done, an error is
+		# thrown saying that HEAD is referring to unknown object 0000000000000000000
+		# and the clone fails.
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_import_ref_by_pages {
+
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
+	my @pages = values(%pages_hash);
+
+	my ($n, @revisions) = fetch_mw_revisions(\@pages, $fetch_from);
+
+	@revisions = sort {$a->{revid} <=> $b->{revid}} @revisions;
+	my @revision_ids = map { $_->{revid} } @revisions;
+
+	return mw_import_revids($fetch_from, \@revision_ids, \%pages_hash);
+}
+
+sub mw_import_ref_by_revs {
+
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my %pages_hash = get_mw_pages();
+
+	my $last_remote = get_last_global_remote_rev();
+	my @revision_ids = $fetch_from..$last_remote;
+	return mw_import_revids($fetch_from, \@revision_ids, \%pages_hash);
+}
+
+# Import revisions given in second argument (array of integers).
+# Only pages appearing in the third argument (hash indexed by page titles)
+# will be imported.
+sub mw_import_revids {
+	my $fetch_from = shift;
+	my $revision_ids = shift;
+	my $pages = shift;
+
+	my $n = 0;
+	my $n_actual = 0;
+	my $last_timestamp = 0; # Placeholer in case $rev->timestamp is undefined
+
+	foreach my $pagerevid (@{$revision_ids}) {
+	        # Count page even if we skip it, since we display
+		# $n/$total and $total includes skipped pages.
+		$n++;
+
+		# fetch the content of the pages
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'query',
+			prop => 'revisions',
+			rvprop => 'content|timestamp|comment|user|ids',
+			revids => $pagerevid,
+		};
+
+		my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+		if (!$result) {
+			die "Failed to retrieve modified page for revision $pagerevid\n";
+		}
+
+		if (defined($result->{query}->{badrevids}->{$pagerevid})) {
+			# The revision id does not exist on the remote wiki.
+			next;
+		}
+
+		if (!defined($result->{query}->{pages})) {
+			die "Invalid revision ${pagerevid}.\n";
+		}
+
+		my @result_pages = values(%{$result->{query}->{pages}});
+		my $result_page = $result_pages[0];
+		my $rev = $result_pages[0]->{revisions}->[0];
+
+		my $page_title = $result_page->{title};
+
+		if (!exists($pages->{$page_title})) {
+			print {*STDERR} "${n}/", scalar(@{$revision_ids}),
+				": Skipping revision #$rev->{revid} of ${page_title}\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		$n_actual++;
+
+		my %commit;
+		$commit{author} = $rev->{user} || 'Anonymous';
+		$commit{comment} = $rev->{comment} || EMPTY_MESSAGE;
+		$commit{title} = smudge_filename($page_title);
+		$commit{mw_revision} = $rev->{revid};
+		$commit{content} = mediawiki_smudge($rev->{'*'});
+
+		if (!defined($rev->{timestamp})) {
+			$last_timestamp++;
+		} else {
+			$last_timestamp = $rev->{timestamp};
+		}
+		$commit{date} = DateTime::Format::ISO8601->parse_datetime($last_timestamp);
+
+		# Differentiates classic pages and media files.
+		my ($namespace, $filename) = $page_title =~ /^([^:]*):(.*)$/;
+		my %mediafile;
+		if ($namespace) {
+			my $id = get_mw_namespace_id($namespace);
+			if ($id && $id == get_mw_namespace_id('File')) {
+				%mediafile = get_mw_mediafile_for_page_revision($filename, $rev->{timestamp});
+			}
+		}
+		# If this is a revision of the media page for new version
+		# of a file do one common commit for both file and media page.
+		# Else do commit only for that page.
+		print {*STDERR} "${n}/", scalar(@{$revision_ids}), ": Revision #$rev->{revid} of $commit{title}\n";
+		import_file_revision(\%commit, ($fetch_from == 1), $n_actual, \%mediafile);
+	}
+
+	return $n_actual;
+}
+
+sub error_non_fast_forward {
+	my $advice = run_git('config --bool advice.pushNonFastForward');
+	chomp($advice);
+	if ($advice ne 'false') {
+		# Native git-push would show this after the summary.
+		# We can't ask it to display it cleanly, so print it
+		# ourselves before.
+		print {*STDERR} "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again. See the\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n";
+	}
+	print {*STDOUT} qq(error $_[0] "non-fast-forward"\n);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub mw_upload_file {
+	my $complete_file_name = shift;
+	my $new_sha1 = shift;
+	my $extension = shift;
+	my $file_deleted = shift;
+	my $summary = shift;
+	my $newrevid;
+	my $path = "File:${complete_file_name}";
+	my %hashFiles = get_allowed_file_extensions();
+	if (!exists($hashFiles{$extension})) {
+		print {*STDERR} "${complete_file_name} is not a permitted file on this wiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "Check the configuration of file uploads in your mediawiki.\n";
+		return $newrevid;
+	}
+	# Deleting and uploading a file requires a priviledged user
+	if ($file_deleted) {
+		$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+		my $query = {
+			action => 'delete',
+			title => $path,
+			reason => $summary
+		};
+		if (!$mediawiki->edit($query)) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Failed to delete file on remote wiki\n";
+			print {*STDERR} "Check your permissions on the remote site. Error code:\n";
+			print {*STDERR} $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details};
+			exit 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		# Don't let perl try to interpret file content as UTF-8 => use "raw"
+		my $content = run_git("cat-file blob ${new_sha1}", 'raw');
+		if ($content ne EMPTY) {
+			$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+			$mediawiki->{config}->{upload_url} =
+				"${url}/index.php/Special:Upload";
+			$mediawiki->edit({
+				action => 'upload',
+				filename => $complete_file_name,
+				comment => $summary,
+				file => [undef,
+					 $complete_file_name,
+					 Content => $content],
+				ignorewarnings => 1,
+			}, {
+				skip_encoding => 1
+			} ) || die $mediawiki->{error}->{code} . ':'
+				 . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
+			my $last_file_page = $mediawiki->get_page({title => $path});
+			$newrevid = $last_file_page->{revid};
+			print {*STDERR} "Pushed file: ${new_sha1} - ${complete_file_name}.\n";
+		} else {
+			print {*STDERR} "Empty file ${complete_file_name} not pushed.\n";
+		}
+	}
+	return $newrevid;
+}
+
+sub mw_push_file {
+	my $diff_info = shift;
+	# $diff_info contains a string in this format:
+	# 100644 100644 <sha1_of_blob_before_commit> <sha1_of_blob_now> <status>
+	my @diff_info_split = split(/[ \t]/, $diff_info);
+
+	# Filename, including .mw extension
+	my $complete_file_name = shift;
+	# Commit message
+	my $summary = shift;
+	# MediaWiki revision number. Keep the previous one by default,
+	# in case there's no edit to perform.
+	my $oldrevid = shift;
+	my $newrevid;
+
+	if ($summary eq EMPTY_MESSAGE) {
+		$summary = EMPTY;
+	}
+
+	my $new_sha1 = $diff_info_split[3];
+	my $old_sha1 = $diff_info_split[2];
+	my $page_created = ($old_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
+	my $page_deleted = ($new_sha1 eq NULL_SHA1);
+	$complete_file_name = clean_filename($complete_file_name);
+
+	my ($title, $extension) = $complete_file_name =~ /^(.*)\.([^\.]*)$/;
+	if (!defined($extension)) {
+		$extension = EMPTY;
+	}
+	if ($extension eq 'mw') {
+		my $ns = get_mw_namespace_id_for_page($complete_file_name);
+		if ($ns && $ns == get_mw_namespace_id('File') && (!$export_media)) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Ignoring media file related page: ${complete_file_name}\n";
+			return ($oldrevid, 'ok');
+		}
+		my $file_content;
+		if ($page_deleted) {
+			# Deleting a page usually requires
+			# special privileges. A common
+			# convention is to replace the page
+			# with this content instead:
+			$file_content = DELETED_CONTENT;
+		} else {
+			$file_content = run_git("cat-file blob ${new_sha1}");
+		}
+
+		$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+		my $result = $mediawiki->edit( {
+			action => 'edit',
+			summary => $summary,
+			title => $title,
+			basetimestamp => $basetimestamps{$oldrevid},
+			text => mediawiki_clean($file_content, $page_created),
+				  }, {
+					  skip_encoding => 1 # Helps with names with accentuated characters
+				  });
+		if (!$result) {
+			if ($mediawiki->{error}->{code} == 3) {
+				# edit conflicts, considered as non-fast-forward
+				print {*STDERR} 'Warning: Error ' .
+				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
+				    ' from mediawiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} .
+				    ".\n";
+				return ($oldrevid, 'non-fast-forward');
+			} else {
+				# Other errors. Shouldn't happen => just die()
+				die 'Fatal: Error ' .
+				    $mediawiki->{error}->{code} .
+				    ' from mediawiki: ' . $mediawiki->{error}->{details} . "\n";
+			}
+		}
+		$newrevid = $result->{edit}->{newrevid};
+		print {*STDERR} "Pushed file: ${new_sha1} - ${title}\n";
+	} elsif ($export_media) {
+		$newrevid = mw_upload_file($complete_file_name, $new_sha1,
+					   $extension, $page_deleted,
+					   $summary);
+	} else {
+		print {*STDERR} "Ignoring media file ${title}\n";
+	}
+	$newrevid = ($newrevid or $oldrevid);
+	return ($newrevid, 'ok');
+}
+
+sub mw_push {
+	# multiple push statements can follow each other
+	my @refsspecs = (shift, get_more_refs('push'));
+	my $pushed;
+	for my $refspec (@refsspecs) {
+		my ($force, $local, $remote) = $refspec =~ /^(\+)?([^:]*):([^:]*)$/
+		    or die("Invalid refspec for push. Expected <src>:<dst> or +<src>:<dst>\n");
+		if ($force) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Warning: forced push not allowed on a MediaWiki.\n";
+		}
+		if ($local eq EMPTY) {
+			print {*STDERR} "Cannot delete remote branch on a MediaWiki\n";
+			print {*STDOUT} "error ${remote} cannot delete\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($remote ne 'refs/heads/master') {
+			print {*STDERR} "Only push to the branch 'master' is supported on a MediaWiki\n";
+			print {*STDOUT} "error ${remote} only master allowed\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		if (mw_push_revision($local, $remote)) {
+			$pushed = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# Notify Git that the push is done
+	print {*STDOUT} "\n";
+
+	if ($pushed && $dumb_push) {
+		print {*STDERR} "Just pushed some revisions to MediaWiki.\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "The pushed revisions now have to be re-imported, and your current branch\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "needs to be updated with these re-imported commits. You can do this with\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "  git pull --rebase\n";
+		print {*STDERR} "\n";
+	}
+	return;
+}
+
+sub mw_push_revision {
+	my $local = shift;
+	my $remote = shift; # actually, this has to be "refs/heads/master" at this point.
+	my $last_local_revid = get_last_local_revision();
+	print {*STDERR} ".\n"; # Finish sentence started by get_last_local_revision()
+	my $last_remote_revid = get_last_remote_revision();
+	my $mw_revision = $last_remote_revid;
+
+	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by local HEAD
+	my $HEAD_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse ${local} 2>/dev/null");
+	chomp($HEAD_sha1);
+	# Get sha1 of commit pointed by remotes/$remotename/master
+	my $remoteorigin_sha1 = run_git("rev-parse refs/remotes/${remotename}/master 2>/dev/null");
+	chomp($remoteorigin_sha1);
+
+	if ($last_local_revid > 0 &&
+	    $last_local_revid < $last_remote_revid) {
+		return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
+	}
+
+	if ($HEAD_sha1 eq $remoteorigin_sha1) {
+		# nothing to push
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	# Get every commit in between HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master,
+	# including HEAD and refs/remotes/origin/master
+	my @commit_pairs = ();
+	if ($last_local_revid > 0) {
+		my $parsed_sha1 = $remoteorigin_sha1;
+		# Find a path from last MediaWiki commit to pushed commit
+		print {*STDERR} "Computing path from local to remote ...\n";
+		my @local_ancestry = split(/\n/, run_git("rev-list --boundary --parents ${local} ^${parsed_sha1}"));
+		my %local_ancestry;
+		foreach my $line (@local_ancestry) {
+			if (my ($child, $parents) = $line =~ /^-?([a-f0-9]+) ([a-f0-9 ]+)/) {
+				foreach my $parent (split(/ /, $parents)) {
+					$local_ancestry{$parent} = $child;
+				}
+			} elsif (!$line =~ /^([a-f0-9]+)/) {
+				die "Unexpected output from git rev-list: ${line}\n";
+			}
+		}
+		while ($parsed_sha1 ne $HEAD_sha1) {
+			my $child = $local_ancestry{$parsed_sha1};
+			if (!$child) {
+				print {*STDERR} "Cannot find a path in history from remote commit to last commit\n";
+				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
+			}
+			push(@commit_pairs, [$parsed_sha1, $child]);
+			$parsed_sha1 = $child;
+		}
+	} else {
+		# No remote mediawiki revision. Export the whole
+		# history (linearized with --first-parent)
+		print {*STDERR} "Warning: no common ancestor, pushing complete history\n";
+		my $history = run_git("rev-list --first-parent --children ${local}");
+		my @history = split(/\n/, $history);
+		@history = @history[1..$#history];
+		foreach my $line (reverse @history) {
+			my @commit_info_split = split(/[ \n]/, $line);
+			push(@commit_pairs, \@commit_info_split);
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach my $commit_info_split (@commit_pairs) {
+		my $sha1_child = @{$commit_info_split}[0];
+		my $sha1_commit = @{$commit_info_split}[1];
+		my $diff_infos = run_git("diff-tree -r --raw -z ${sha1_child} ${sha1_commit}");
+		# TODO: we could detect rename, and encode them with a #redirect on the wiki.
+		# TODO: for now, it's just a delete+add
+		my @diff_info_list = split(/\0/, $diff_infos);
+		# Keep the subject line of the commit message as mediawiki comment for the revision
+		my $commit_msg = run_git(qq(log --no-walk --format="%s" ${sha1_commit}));
+		chomp($commit_msg);
+		# Push every blob
+		while (@diff_info_list) {
+			my $status;
+			# git diff-tree -z gives an output like
+			# <metadata>\0<filename1>\0
+			# <metadata>\0<filename2>\0
+			# and we've split on \0.
+			my $info = shift(@diff_info_list);
+			my $file = shift(@diff_info_list);
+			($mw_revision, $status) = mw_push_file($info, $file, $commit_msg, $mw_revision);
+			if ($status eq 'non-fast-forward') {
+				# we may already have sent part of the
+				# commit to MediaWiki, but it's too
+				# late to cancel it. Stop the push in
+				# the middle, but still give an
+				# accurate error message.
+				return error_non_fast_forward($remote);
+			}
+			if ($status ne 'ok') {
+				die("Unknown error from mw_push_file()\n");
+			}
+		}
+		if (!$dumb_push) {
+			run_git(qq(notes --ref=${remotename}/mediawiki add -f -m "mediawiki_revision: ${mw_revision}" ${sha1_commit}));
+		}
+	}
+
+	print {*STDOUT} "ok ${remote}\n";
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub get_allowed_file_extensions {
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+
+	my $query = {
+		action => 'query',
+		meta => 'siteinfo',
+		siprop => 'fileextensions'
+		};
+	my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+	my @file_extensions = map { $_->{ext}} @{$result->{query}->{fileextensions}};
+	my %hashFile = map { $_ => 1 } @file_extensions;
+
+	return %hashFile;
+}
+
+# In memory cache for MediaWiki namespace ids.
+my %namespace_id;
+
+# Namespaces whose id is cached in the configuration file
+# (to avoid duplicates)
+my %cached_mw_namespace_id;
+
+# Return MediaWiki id for a canonical namespace name.
+# Ex.: "File", "Project".
+sub get_mw_namespace_id {
+	$mediawiki = connect_maybe($mediawiki, $remotename, $url);
+	my $name = shift;
+
+	if (!exists $namespace_id{$name}) {
+		# Look at configuration file, if the record for that namespace is
+		# already cached. Namespaces are stored in form:
+		# "Name_of_namespace:Id_namespace", ex.: "File:6".
+		my @temp = split(/\n/,
+				 run_git("config --get-all remote.${remotename}.namespaceCache"));
+		chomp(@temp);
+		foreach my $ns (@temp) {
+			my ($n, $id) = split(/:/, $ns);
+			if ($id eq 'notANameSpace') {
+				$namespace_id{$n} = {is_namespace => 0};
+			} else {
+				$namespace_id{$n} = {is_namespace => 1, id => $id};
+			}
+			$cached_mw_namespace_id{$n} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!exists $namespace_id{$name}) {
+		print {*STDERR} "Namespace ${name} not found in cache, querying the wiki ...\n";
+		# NS not found => get namespace id from MW and store it in
+	        # configuration file.
+	        my $query = {
+	                action => 'query',
+	                meta => 'siteinfo',
+	                siprop => 'namespaces'
+	        };
+	        my $result = $mediawiki->api($query);
+
+	        while (my ($id, $ns) = each(%{$result->{query}->{namespaces}})) {
+	                if (defined($ns->{id}) && defined($ns->{canonical})) {
+				$namespace_id{$ns->{canonical}} = {is_namespace => 1, id => $ns->{id}};
+				if ($ns->{'*'}) {
+					# alias (e.g. french Fichier: as alias for canonical File:)
+					$namespace_id{$ns->{'*'}} = {is_namespace => 1, id => $ns->{id}};
+				}
+			}
+	        }
+	}
+
+	my $ns = $namespace_id{$name};
+	my $id;
+
+	if (!defined $ns) {
+		print {*STDERR} "No such namespace ${name} on MediaWiki.\n";
+		$ns = {is_namespace => 0};
+		$namespace_id{$name} = $ns;
+	}
+
+	if ($ns->{is_namespace}) {
+		$id = $ns->{id};
+	}
+
+	# Store "notANameSpace" as special value for inexisting namespaces
+	my $store_id = ($id || 'notANameSpace');
+
+	# Store explicitly requested namespaces on disk
+	if (!exists $cached_mw_namespace_id{$name}) {
+		run_git(qq(config --add remote.${remotename}.namespaceCache "${name}:${store_id}"));
+		$cached_mw_namespace_id{$name} = 1;
+	}
+	return $id;
+}
+
+sub get_mw_namespace_id_for_page {
+	my $namespace = shift;
+	if ($namespace =~ /^([^:]*):/) {
+		return get_mw_namespace_id($namespace);
+	} else {
+		return;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
index 4d211f5b81..23b7ef9f62 100644
--- a/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/git-remote-mediawiki.txt
@@ -4,4 +4,4 @@ objects from mediawiki just as one would do with a classic git
 repository thanks to remote-helpers.
 
 For more information, visit the wiki at
-https://github.com/Bibzball/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
+https://github.com/moy/Git-Mediawiki/wiki
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a7a40b4964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+WEB/
+wiki/
+trash directory.t*/
+test-results/
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/Makefile b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f422203fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+## Test git-remote-mediawiki
+
+all: test
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+T = $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
+
+.PHONY: help test clean all
+
+help:
+	@echo 'Run "$(MAKE) test" to launch test scripts'
+	@echo 'Run "$(MAKE) clean" to remove trash folders'
+
+test:
+	@for t in $(T); do \
+		echo "$$t"; \
+		"./$$t" || exit 1; \
+	done
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.*
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..03f6ee5d72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/README
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+Tests for Mediawiki-to-Git
+==========================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+This manual describes how to install the git-remote-mediawiki test
+environment on a machine with git installed on it.
+
+Prerequisite
+------------
+
+In order to run this test environment correctly, you will need to
+install the following packages (Debian/Ubuntu names, may need to be
+adapted for another distribution):
+
+* lighttpd
+* php5
+* php5-cgi
+* php5-cli
+* php5-curl
+* php5-sqlite
+
+Principles and Technical Choices
+--------------------------------
+
+The test environment makes it easy to install and manipulate one or
+several MediaWiki instances. To allow developers to run the testsuite
+easily, the environment does not require root privilege (except to
+install the required packages if needed). It starts a webserver
+instance on the user's account (using lighttpd greatly helps for
+that), and does not need a separate database daemon (thanks to the use
+of sqlite).
+
+Run the test environment
+------------------------
+
+Install a new wiki
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Once you have all the prerequisite, you need to install a MediaWiki
+instance on your machine. If you already have one, it is still
+strongly recommended to install one with the script provided. Here's
+how to work it:
+
+a. change directory to contrib/mw-to-git/t/
+b. if needed, edit test.config to choose your installation parameters
+c. run `./install-wiki.sh install`
+d. check on your favourite web browser if your wiki is correctly
+   installed.
+
+Remove an existing wiki
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Edit the file test.config to fit the wiki you want to delete, and then
+execute the command `./install-wiki.sh delete` from the
+contrib/mw-to-git/t directory.
+
+Run the existing tests
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The provided tests are currently in the `contrib/mw-to-git/t` directory.
+The files are all the t936[0-9]-*.sh shell scripts.
+
+a. Run all tests:
+To do so, run "make test" from the contrib/mw-to-git/ directory.
+
+b. Run a specific test:
+To run a given test <test_name>, run ./<test_name> from the
+contrib/mw-to-git/t directory.
+
+How to create new tests
+-----------------------
+
+Available functions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The test environment of git-remote-mediawiki provides some functions
+useful to test its behaviour. for more details about the functions'
+parameters, please refer to the `test-gitmw-lib.sh` and
+`test-gitmw.pl` files.
+
+** `test_check_wiki_precond`:
+Check if the tests must be skipped or not. Please use this function
+at the beginning of each new test file.
+
+** `wiki_getpage`:
+Fetch a given page from the wiki and puts its content in the
+directory in parameter.
+
+** `wiki_delete_page`:
+Delete a given page from the wiki.
+
+** `wiki_edit_page`:
+Create or modify a given page in the wiki. You can specify several
+parameters like a summary for the page edition, or add the page to a
+given category.
+See test-gitmw.pl for more details.
+
+** `wiki_getallpage`:
+Fetch all pages from the wiki into a given directory. The directory
+is created if it does not exists.
+
+** `test_diff_directories`:
+Compare the content of two directories. The content must be the same.
+Use this function to compare the content of a git directory and a wiki
+one created by wiki_getallpage.
+
+** `test_contains_N_files`:
+Check if the given directory contains a given number of file.
+
+** `wiki_page_exists`:
+Tests if a given page exists on the wiki.
+
+** `wiki_reset`:
+Reset the wiki, i.e. flush the database. Use this function at the
+beginning of each new test, except if the test re-uses the same wiki
+(and history) as the previous test.
+
+How to write a new test
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Please, follow the standards given by git. See git/t/README.
+New file should be named as t936[0-9]-*.sh.
+Be sure to reset your wiki regulary with the function `wiki_reset`.
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c215213c4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# This script installs or deletes a MediaWiki on your computer.
+# It requires a web server with PHP and SQLite running. In addition, if you
+# do not have MediaWiki sources on your computer, the option 'install'
+# downloads them for you.
+# Please set the CONFIGURATION VARIABLES in ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+
+WIKI_TEST_DIR=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)
+
+if test -z "$WIKI_TEST_DIR"
+then
+	WIKI_TEST_DIR=.
+fi
+
+. "$WIKI_TEST_DIR"/test-gitmw-lib.sh
+usage () {
+	echo "usage: "
+	echo "	./install-wiki.sh <install | delete | --help>"
+	echo "		install | -i :	Install a wiki on your computer."
+	echo "		delete | -d : Delete the wiki and all its pages and "
+	echo "			content."
+	echo "		start  | -s : Start the previously configured lighttpd daemon"
+	echo "		stop        : Stop lighttpd daemon."
+}
+
+
+# Argument: install, delete, --help | -h
+case "$1" in
+	"install" | "-i")
+		wiki_install
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	"delete" | "-d")
+		wiki_delete
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	"start" | "-s")
+		start_lighttpd
+		exit
+		;;
+	"stop")
+		stop_lighttpd
+		exit
+		;;
+	"--help" | "-h")
+		usage
+		exit 0
+		;;
+	*)
+		echo "Invalid argument: $1"
+		usage
+		exit 1
+		;;
+esac
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/.gitignore b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b5a2a4408c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+wikidb.sqlite
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..745e47e881
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/LocalSettings.php
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<?php
+# This file was automatically generated by the MediaWiki 1.19.0
+# installer. If you make manual changes, please keep track in case you
+# need to recreate them later.
+#
+# See includes/DefaultSettings.php for all configurable settings
+# and their default values, but don't forget to make changes in _this_
+# file, not there.
+#
+# Further documentation for configuration settings may be found at:
+# http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuration_settings
+
+# Protect against web entry
+if ( !defined( 'MEDIAWIKI' ) ) {
+	exit;
+}
+
+## Uncomment this to disable output compression
+# $wgDisableOutputCompression = true;
+
+$wgSitename      = "Git-MediaWiki-Test";
+$wgMetaNamespace = "Git-MediaWiki-Test";
+
+## The URL base path to the directory containing the wiki;
+## defaults for all runtime URL paths are based off of this.
+## For more information on customizing the URLs please see:
+## http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Short_URL
+$wgScriptPath       = "@WG_SCRIPT_PATH@";
+$wgScriptExtension  = ".php";
+
+## The protocol and server name to use in fully-qualified URLs
+$wgServer           = "@WG_SERVER@";
+
+## The relative URL path to the skins directory
+$wgStylePath        = "$wgScriptPath/skins";
+
+## The relative URL path to the logo.  Make sure you change this from the default,
+## or else you'll overwrite your logo when you upgrade!
+$wgLogo             = "$wgStylePath/common/images/wiki.png";
+
+## UPO means: this is also a user preference option
+
+$wgEnableEmail      = true;
+$wgEnableUserEmail  = true; # UPO
+
+$wgEmergencyContact = "apache@localhost";
+$wgPasswordSender   = "apache@localhost";
+
+$wgEnotifUserTalk      = false; # UPO
+$wgEnotifWatchlist     = false; # UPO
+$wgEmailAuthentication = true;
+
+## Database settings
+$wgDBtype           = "sqlite";
+$wgDBserver         = "";
+$wgDBname           = "@WG_SQLITE_DATAFILE@";
+$wgDBuser           = "";
+$wgDBpassword       = "";
+
+# SQLite-specific settings
+$wgSQLiteDataDir    = "@WG_SQLITE_DATADIR@";
+
+
+## Shared memory settings
+$wgMainCacheType    = CACHE_NONE;
+$wgMemCachedServers = array();
+
+## To enable image uploads, make sure the 'images' directory
+## is writable, then set this to true:
+$wgEnableUploads  = true;
+$wgUseImageMagick = true;
+$wgImageMagickConvertCommand ="@CONVERT@";
+$wgFileExtensions[] = 'txt';
+
+# InstantCommons allows wiki to use images from http://commons.wikimedia.org
+$wgUseInstantCommons  = false;
+
+## If you use ImageMagick (or any other shell command) on a
+## Linux server, this will need to be set to the name of an
+## available UTF-8 locale
+$wgShellLocale = "en_US.utf8";
+
+## If you want to use image uploads under safe mode,
+## create the directories images/archive, images/thumb and
+## images/temp, and make them all writable. Then uncomment
+## this, if it's not already uncommented:
+#$wgHashedUploadDirectory = false;
+
+## Set $wgCacheDirectory to a writable directory on the web server
+## to make your wiki go slightly faster. The directory should not
+## be publicly accessible from the web.
+#$wgCacheDirectory = "$IP/cache";
+
+# Site language code, should be one of the list in ./languages/Names.php
+$wgLanguageCode = "en";
+
+$wgSecretKey = "1c912bfe3519fb70f5dc523ecc698111cd43d81a11c585b3eefb28f29c2699b7";
+#$wgSecretKey = "@SECRETKEY@";
+
+
+# Site upgrade key. Must be set to a string (default provided) to turn on the
+# web installer while LocalSettings.php is in place
+$wgUpgradeKey = "ddae7dc87cd0a645";
+
+## Default skin: you can change the default skin. Use the internal symbolic
+## names, ie 'standard', 'nostalgia', 'cologneblue', 'monobook', 'vector':
+$wgDefaultSkin = "vector";
+
+## For attaching licensing metadata to pages, and displaying an
+## appropriate copyright notice / icon. GNU Free Documentation
+## License and Creative Commons licenses are supported so far.
+$wgRightsPage = ""; # Set to the title of a wiki page that describes your license/copyright
+$wgRightsUrl  = "";
+$wgRightsText = "";
+$wgRightsIcon = "";
+
+# Path to the GNU diff3 utility. Used for conflict resolution.
+$wgDiff3 = "/usr/bin/diff3";
+
+# Query string length limit for ResourceLoader. You should only set this if
+# your web server has a query string length limit (then set it to that limit),
+# or if you have suhosin.get.max_value_length set in php.ini (then set it to
+# that value)
+$wgResourceLoaderMaxQueryLength = -1;
+
+
+
+# End of automatically generated settings.
+# Add more configuration options below.
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/db_install.php b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/db_install.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f3f4e018a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/install-wiki/db_install.php
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * This script generates a SQLite database for a MediaWiki version 1.19.0
+ * You must specify the login of the admin (argument 1) and its
+ * password (argument 2) and the folder where the database file
+ * is located (absolute path in argument 3).
+ * It is used by the script install-wiki.sh in order to make easy the
+ * installation of a MediaWiki.
+ *
+ * In order to generate a SQLite database file, MediaWiki ask the user
+ * to submit some forms in its web browser. This script simulates this
+ * behavior though the functions <get> and <submit>
+ *
+ */
+$argc = $_SERVER['argc'];
+$argv = $_SERVER['argv'];
+
+$login = $argv[2];
+$pass = $argv[3];
+$tmp = $argv[4];
+$port = $argv[5];
+
+$url = 'http://localhost:'.$port.'/wiki/mw-config/index.php';
+$db_dir = urlencode($tmp);
+$tmp_cookie = tempnam($tmp, "COOKIE_");
+/*
+ * Fetchs a page with cURL.
+ */
+function get($page_name = "") {
+	$curl = curl_init();
+	$page_name_add = "";
+	if ($page_name != "") {
+		$page_name_add = '?page='.$page_name;
+	}
+	$url = $GLOBALS['url'].$page_name_add;
+	$tmp_cookie = $GLOBALS['tmp_cookie'];
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $tmp_cookie);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $tmp_cookie);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
+
+	$page = curl_exec($curl);
+	if (!$page) {
+		die("Could not get page: $url\n");
+	}
+	curl_close($curl);
+	return $page;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Submits a form with cURL.
+ */
+function submit($page_name, $option = "") {
+	$curl = curl_init();
+	$datapost = 'submit-continue=Continue+%E2%86%92';
+	if ($option != "") {
+		$datapost = $option.'&'.$datapost;
+	}
+	$url = $GLOBALS['url'].'?page='.$page_name;
+	$tmp_cookie = $GLOBALS['tmp_cookie'];
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $datapost);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $tmp_cookie);
+	curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $tmp_cookie);
+
+	$page = curl_exec($curl);
+	if (!$page) {
+		die("Could not get page: $url\n");
+	}
+	curl_close($curl);
+	return "$page";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Here starts this script: simulates the behavior of the user
+ * submitting forms to generates the database file.
+ * Note this simulation was made for the MediaWiki version 1.19.0,
+ * we can't assume it works with other versions.
+ *
+ */
+
+$page = get();
+if (!preg_match('/input type="hidden" value="([0-9]+)" name="LanguageRequestTime"/',
+		$page, $matches)) {
+	echo "Unexpected content for page downloaded:\n";
+	echo "$page";
+	die;
+};
+$timestamp = $matches[1];
+$language = "LanguageRequestTime=$timestamp&uselang=en&ContLang=en";
+$page = submit('Language', $language);
+
+submit('Welcome');
+
+$db_config = 'DBType=sqlite';
+$db_config = $db_config.'&sqlite_wgSQLiteDataDir='.$db_dir;
+$db_config = $db_config.'&sqlite_wgDBname='.$argv[1];
+submit('DBConnect', $db_config);
+
+$wiki_config = 'config_wgSitename=TEST';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__NamespaceType=site-name';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config_wgMetaNamespace=MyWiki';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__AdminName='.$login;
+
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__AdminPassword='.$pass;
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__AdminPassword2='.$pass;
+
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&wiki__configEmail=email%40email.org';
+$wiki_config = $wiki_config.'&config__SkipOptional=skip';
+submit('Name', $wiki_config);
+submit('Install');
+submit('Install');
+
+unlink($tmp_cookie);
+?>
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/push-pull-tests.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/push-pull-tests.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9da2dc5ff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/push-pull-tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+test_push_pull () {
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git pull works after adding a new wiki page' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_1 &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "page created after the git clone" false &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_1 &&
+			git pull
+		) &&
+
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_1 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_1 ref_page_1
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git pull works after editing a wiki page' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		wiki_editpage Foo "page created before the git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_2 &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "new line added on the wiki" true &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_2 &&
+			git pull
+		) &&
+
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_2 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_2 ref_page_2
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'git pull works on conflict handled by auto-merge' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		wiki_editpage Foo "1 init
+3
+5
+	" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_3 &&
+
+		wiki_editpage Foo "1 init
+2 content added on wiki after clone
+3
+5
+	" false &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_3 &&
+		echo "1 init
+3
+4 content added on git after clone
+5
+" >Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "conflicting change on foo" &&
+			git pull &&
+			git push
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git push works after adding a file .mw' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_4 &&
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_4 &&
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing Foo.mw &&
+			touch Foo.mw &&
+			echo "hello world" >>Foo.mw &&
+			git add Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -m "Foo" &&
+			git push
+		) &&
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_4 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_4 ref_page_4
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Git push works after editing a file .mw' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		wiki_editpage "Foo" "page created before the git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_5 &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_5 &&
+			echo "new line added in the file Foo.mw" >>Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "edit file Foo.mw" &&
+			git push
+		) &&
+
+		wiki_getallpage ref_page_5 &&
+		test_diff_directories mw_dir_5 ref_page_5
+	'
+
+	test_expect_failure 'Git push works after deleting a file' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "wiki page added before git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_6 &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_6 &&
+			git rm Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "page Foo.mw deleted" &&
+			git push
+		) &&
+
+		test_must_fail wiki_page_exist Foo
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success 'Merge conflict expected and solving it' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_7 &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "1 conflict
+3 wiki
+4" false &&
+
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_7 &&
+		echo "1 conflict
+2 git
+4" >Foo.mw &&
+			git add Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -m "conflict created" &&
+			test_must_fail git pull &&
+			"$PERL_PATH" -pi -e "s/[<=>].*//g" Foo.mw &&
+			git commit -am "merge conflict solved" &&
+			git push
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_failure 'git pull works after deleting a wiki page' '
+		wiki_reset &&
+		wiki_editpage Foo "wiki page added before the git clone" false &&
+		git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_8 &&
+
+		wiki_delete_page Foo &&
+		(
+			cd mw_dir_8 &&
+			git pull &&
+			test_path_is_missing Foo.mw
+		)
+	'
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9360-mw-to-git-clone.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9360-mw-to-git-clone.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..22f069db48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9360-mw-to-git-clone.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git clone'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_check_precond
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone creates the expected git log with one file' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this is not important" false -c cat -s "this must be the same" &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_1 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_1 &&
+		git log --format=%s HEAD^..HEAD >log.tmp
+	) &&
+	echo "this must be the same" >msg.tmp &&
+	diff -b mw_dir_1/log.tmp msg.tmp
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone creates the expected git log with multiple files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage daddy "this is not important" false -s="this must be the same" &&
+	wiki_editpage daddy "neither is this" true -s="this must also be the same" &&
+	wiki_editpage daddy "neither is this" true -s="same same same" &&
+	wiki_editpage dj "dont care" false -s="identical" &&
+	wiki_editpage dj "dont care either" true -s="identical too" &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_2 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_2 &&
+		git log --format=%s Daddy.mw  >logDaddy.tmp &&
+		git log --format=%s Dj.mw >logDj.tmp
+	) &&
+	echo "same same same" >msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	echo "this must also be the same" >>msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	echo "this must be the same" >>msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	echo "identical too" >msgDj.tmp &&
+	echo "identical" >>msgDj.tmp &&
+	diff -b mw_dir_2/logDaddy.tmp msgDaddy.tmp &&
+	diff -b mw_dir_2/logDj.tmp msgDj.tmp
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone creates only Main_Page.mw with an empty wiki' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_3 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_3 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_3/Main_Page.mw
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone does not fetch a deleted page' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page must be deleted before the clone" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page foo &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_4 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_4 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_4/Main_Page.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_4/Foo.mw
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with page added' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo " I will be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "I will be cloned" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_5 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_5 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_5 ref_page_5 &&
+	wiki_delete_page foo &&
+	wiki_delete_page bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with an edited page ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page will be edited" \
+		false -s "first edition of page foo"&&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page has been edited and must be on the clone " true &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_6 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_6/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_6/Main_Page.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage mw_dir_6/page_ref_6 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_6 mw_dir_6/page_ref_6 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_6 &&
+		git log --format=%s HEAD^ Foo.mw > ../Foo.log
+	) &&
+	echo "first edition of page foo" > FooExpect.log &&
+	diff FooExpect.log Foo.log
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with several pages and some deleted ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page will not be deleted" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "I must not be erased" false &&
+	wiki_editpage namnam "I will not be there at the end" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyancat "nyan nyan nyan delete me" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page namnam &&
+	wiki_delete_page nyancat &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_7 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_7/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_7/Bar.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_7/Namnam.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_7/Nyancat.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage mw_dir_7/page_ref_7 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_7 mw_dir_7/page_ref_7
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with one specific page cloned ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "I will not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "Do not clone me" false &&
+	wiki_editpage namnam "I will be cloned :)" false  -s="this log must stay" &&
+	wiki_editpage nyancat "nyan nyan nyan you cant clone me" false &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=namnam \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_8 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_8 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_8/Namnam.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_8/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_8 &&
+		echo "this log must stay" >msg.tmp &&
+		git log --format=%s >log.tmp &&
+		diff -b msg.tmp log.tmp
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_8/Namnam.mw Namnam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with multiple specific page cloned ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "I will be there" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "I will not disapear" false &&
+	wiki_editpage namnam "I be erased" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyancat "nyan nyan nyan you will not erase me" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page namnam &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages="foo bar nyancat namnam" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_9 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_9 3 &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_9/Namnam.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_9/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_9/Nyancat.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_9/Bar.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_9/Foo.mw Foo &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_9/Bar.mw Bar &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_9/Nyancat.mw Nyancat
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Mediawiki-clone of several specific pages on wiki' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "foo 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "bar 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage dummy "dummy 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage cloned_1 "cloned_1 1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage cloned_2 "cloned_2 2" false &&
+	wiki_editpage cloned_3 "cloned_3 3" false &&
+	mkdir -p ref_page_10 &&
+	wiki_getpage cloned_1 ref_page_10 &&
+	wiki_getpage cloned_2 ref_page_10 &&
+	wiki_getpage cloned_3 ref_page_10 &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages="cloned_1 cloned_2 cloned_3" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_10 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_10 ref_page_10
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with the shallow option' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "1st revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "1st revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "1st revision, should not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "2nd revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	git -c remote.origin.shallow=true clone \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_11 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_11 4 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Nyan.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Bar.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Nyan.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Foo.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Bar.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Main_Page.mw | wc -l ) -eq 1
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Nyan.mw Nyan &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Foo.mw Foo &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Bar.mw Bar &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_11/Main_Page.mw Main_Page
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with the shallow option with a delete page' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "1st revision, will be deleted" false &&
+	wiki_editpage bar "1st revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "1st revision, should not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage nyan "2nd revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_delete_page foo &&
+	git -c remote.origin.shallow=true clone \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_12 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_12 3 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Nyan.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_12/Foo.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Bar.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_12 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Nyan.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Bar.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Main_Page.mw | wc -l ) -eq 1
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_12/Nyan.mw Nyan &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_12/Bar.mw Bar &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_12/Main_Page.mw Main_Page
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Test of fetching a category' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage Foo "I will be cloned" false -c=Category &&
+	wiki_editpage Bar "Meet me on the repository" false -c=Category &&
+	wiki_editpage Dummy "I will not come" false &&
+	wiki_editpage BarWrong "I will stay online only" false -c=NotCategory &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.categories="Category" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_13 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_13 Category &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_13 ref_page_13
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Test of resistance to modification of category on wiki for clone' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage Tobedeleted "this page will be deleted" false -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_editpage Tobeedited "this page will be modified" false -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_editpage Normalone "this page wont be modified and will be on git" false -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_editpage Notconsidered "this page will not appear on local" false &&
+	wiki_editpage Othercategory "this page will not appear on local" false -c=Cattwo &&
+	wiki_editpage Tobeedited "this page have been modified" true -c=Catone &&
+	wiki_delete_page Tobedeleted
+	git clone -c remote.origin.categories="Catone" \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_14 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_14 Catone &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_14 ref_page_14
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9361-mw-to-git-push-pull.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9361-mw-to-git-push-pull.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9ea201459b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9361-mw-to-git-push-pull.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# tests for git-remote-mediawiki
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git push and git pull simple test cases'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. ./push-pull-tests.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+test_check_precond
+
+test_push_pull
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6b0dbdac4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9362-mw-to-git-utf8.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# tests for git-remote-mediawiki
+
+test_description='Test git-mediawiki with special characters in filenames'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_check_precond
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works for a wiki with accents in the page names' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage féé "This page must be délétéd before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage kèè "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage hàà "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage kîî "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "This page must be deleted before clone" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_1 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_1 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_1 ref_page_1
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git pull works with a wiki with accents in the pages names' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage kîî "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_2 &&
+	wiki_editpage éàîôû "This page must be pulled" false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_2 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_2 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_2 ref_page_2
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Cloning a chosen page works with accents' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage kîî "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=kîî \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_3 &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_3/Kîî.mw Kîî &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_3/Kîî.mw &&
+	rm -rf mw_dir_3
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'The shallow option works with accents' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage néoà "1st revision, should not be cloned" false &&
+	wiki_editpage néoà "2nd revision, should be cloned" false &&
+	git -c remote.origin.shallow=true clone \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_4 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_4 2 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_4/Néoà.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_4/Main_Page.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_4 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Néoà.mw | wc -l) -eq 1 &&
+		test $(git log --oneline Main_Page.mw | wc -l ) -eq 1
+	) &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_4/Néoà.mw Néoà &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_4/Main_Page.mw Main_Page
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Cloning works when page name first letter has an accent' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage îî "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=îî \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_5 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_5/Îî.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_5/Îî.mw Îî
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Git push works with a wiki with accents' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage féé "lots of accents : éèàÖ" false &&
+	wiki_editpage foo "this page must be cloned" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_6 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_6 &&
+		echo "A wild Pîkächû appears on the wiki" >Pîkächû.mw &&
+		git add Pîkächû.mw &&
+		git commit -m "A new page appears" &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_6 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_6 ref_page_6
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Git clone works with accentsand spaces' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage "é à î" "this page must be délété before the clone" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_7 &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_7 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_7 ref_page_7
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'character $ in page name (mw -> git)' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage file_\$_foo "expect to be called file_$_foo" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_8 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_8/File_\$_foo.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_8 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_8 ref_page_8
+'
+
+
+
+test_expect_success 'character $ in file name (git -> mw) ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_9 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_9 &&
+		echo "this file is called File_\$_foo.mw" >File_\$_foo.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "file File_\$_foo.mw" &&
+		git pull &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_9 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_9 ref_page_9
+'
+
+
+test_expect_failure 'capital at the beginning of file names' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_10 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_10 &&
+		echo "my new file foo" >foo.mw &&
+		echo "my new file Foo... Finger crossed" >Foo.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "file foo.mw" &&
+		git pull &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_10 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_10 ref_page_10
+'
+
+
+test_expect_failure 'special character at the beginning of file name from mw to git' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_11 &&
+	wiki_editpage {char_1 "expect to be renamed {char_1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage [char_2 "expect to be renamed [char_2" false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/{char_1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/[char_2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Pull page with title containing ":" other than namespace separator' '
+	wiki_editpage Foo:Bar content false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_11/Foo:Bar.mw
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Push page with title containing ":" other than namespace separator' '
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_11 &&
+		echo content >NotANameSpace:Page.mw &&
+		git add NotANameSpace:Page.mw &&
+		git commit -m "add page with colon" &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_page_exist NotANameSpace:Page
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test of correct formatting for file name from mw to git' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_12 &&
+	wiki_editpage char_%_7b_1 "expect to be renamed char{_1" false &&
+	wiki_editpage char_%_5b_2 "expect to be renamed char{_2" false &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_12 &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Char\{_1.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_12/Char\[_2.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_12 &&
+	mv ref_page_12/Char_%_7b_1.mw ref_page_12/Char\{_1.mw &&
+	mv ref_page_12/Char_%_5b_2.mw ref_page_12/Char\[_2.mw &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_12 ref_page_12
+'
+
+
+test_expect_failure 'test of correct formatting for file name beginning with special character' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_13 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_13 &&
+		echo "my new file {char_1" >\{char_1.mw &&
+		echo "my new file [char_2" >\[char_2.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "committing some exotic file name..." &&
+		git push &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_13 &&
+	test_path_is_file ref_page_13/{char_1.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file ref_page_13/[char_2.mw &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_13 ref_page_13
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'test of correct formatting for file name from git to mw' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_14 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_14 &&
+		echo "my new file char{_1" >Char\{_1.mw &&
+		echo "my new file char[_2" >Char\[_2.mw &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -m "committing some exotic file name..." &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_14 &&
+	mv mw_dir_14/Char\{_1.mw mw_dir_14/Char_%_7b_1.mw &&
+	mv mw_dir_14/Char\[_2.mw mw_dir_14/Char_%_5b_2.mw &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_14 ref_page_14
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone with /' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \/fo\/o "this is not important" false -c=Deleted &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_15 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_15/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw \/fo\/o
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git push with /' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_16 &&
+	echo "I will be on the wiki" >mw_dir_16/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_16 &&
+		git add %2Ffo%2Fo.mw &&
+		git commit -m " %2Ffo%2Fo added" &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_page_exist \/fo\/o &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_16/%2Ffo%2Fo.mw \/fo\/o
+
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone with \' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \\ko\\o "this is not important" false -c=Deleted &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_17 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_17/\\ko\\o.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_17/\\ko\\o.mw \\ko\\o
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git push with \' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_18 &&
+	echo "I will be on the wiki" >mw_dir_18/\\ko\\o.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_18 &&
+		git add \\ko\\o.mw &&
+		git commit -m " \\ko\\o added" &&
+		git push
+	)&&
+	wiki_page_exist \\ko\\o &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_18/\\ko\\o.mw \\ko\\o
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone with \ in format control' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \\no\\o "this is not important" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_19 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_19/\\no\\o.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_19/\\no\\o.mw \\no\\o
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'git push with \ in format control' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_20 &&
+	echo "I will be on the wiki" >mw_dir_20/\\fo\\o.mw &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_20 &&
+		git add \\fo\\o.mw &&
+		git commit -m " \\fo\\o added" &&
+		git push
+	)&&
+	wiki_page_exist \\fo\\o &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_20/\\fo\\o.mw \\fo\\o
+
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-import meta-characters in page name (mw -> git)' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage \"file\"_\\_foo "expect to be called \"file\"_\\_foo" false &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_21 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_21/\"file\"_\\_foo.mw &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_21 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_21 ref_page_21
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-import meta-characters in page name (git -> mw) ' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_22 &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir_22 &&
+		echo "this file is called \"file\"_\\_foo.mw" >\"file\"_\\_foo &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -am "file \"file\"_\\_foo" &&
+		git pull &&
+		git push
+	) &&
+	wiki_getallpage ref_page_22 &&
+	test_diff_directories mw_dir_22 ref_page_22
+'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9363-mw-to-git-export-import.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9363-mw-to-git-export-import.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3ff3a09567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9363-mw-to-git-export-import.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# tests for git-remote-mediawiki
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git push and git pull simple test cases'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+
+test_check_precond
+
+
+test_git_reimport () {
+	git -c remote.origin.dumbPush=true push &&
+	git -c remote.origin.mediaImport=true pull --rebase
+}
+
+# Don't bother with permissions, be administrator by default
+test_expect_success 'setup config' '
+	git config --global remote.origin.mwLogin WikiAdmin &&
+	git config --global remote.origin.mwPassword AdminPass &&
+	test_might_fail git config --global --unset remote.origin.mediaImport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can upload media (File:) files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a text file" &&
+		git push &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" -e "print STDOUT \"binary content: \".chr(255);" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a text file with binary content" &&
+		git push
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works on previously created wiki with media files' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir mw_dir_clone" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.mediaimport=true \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_clone &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_clone/Foo.txt mw_dir/Foo.txt &&
+	(cd mw_dir_clone && git checkout HEAD^) &&
+	(cd mw_dir && git checkout HEAD^) &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_clone/Foo.txt mw_dir/Foo.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can upload media (File:) files containing valid UTF-8' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		"$PERL_PATH" -e "print STDOUT \"UTF-8 content: éèàéê€.\";" >Bar.txt &&
+		git add Bar.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a text file with UTF-8 content" &&
+		git push
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works on previously created wiki with media files containing valid UTF-8' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir mw_dir_clone" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.mediaimport=true \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_clone &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_clone/Bar.txt mw_dir/Bar.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push & pull work with locally renamed media files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "A File" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "add a file" &&
+		git mv Foo.txt Bar.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Rename a file" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		echo "A File" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect Bar.txt &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.txt
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can propagate local page deletion' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.mw &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.mw &&
+		git add Foo.mw &&
+		git commit -m "Add the page Foo" &&
+		git push &&
+		rm -f Foo.mw &&
+		git commit -am "Delete the page Foo" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.mw
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push can propagate local media file deletion' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Add the text file Foo" &&
+		git rm Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Delete the file Foo" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.txt
+	)
+'
+
+# test failure: the file is correctly uploaded, and then deleted but
+# as no page link to it, the import (which looks at page revisions)
+# doesn't notice the file deletion on the wiki. We fetch the list of
+# files from the wiki, but as the file is deleted, it doesn't appear.
+test_expect_failure 'git pull correctly imports media file deletion when no page link to it' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "hello world" >Foo.txt &&
+		git add Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Add the text file Foo" &&
+		git push &&
+		git rm Foo.txt &&
+		git commit -m "Delete the file Foo" &&
+		test_git_reimport &&
+		test_path_is_missing Foo.txt
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git push properly warns about insufficient permissions' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir" &&
+	(
+		cd mw_dir &&
+		echo "A File" >foo.forbidden &&
+		git add foo.forbidden &&
+		git commit -m "add a file" &&
+		git push 2>actual &&
+		test_i18ngrep "foo.forbidden is not a permitted file" actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a repository with media files' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	wiki_editpage testpage "I am linking a file [[File:File.txt]]" false &&
+	echo "File content" >File.txt &&
+	wiki_upload_file File.txt &&
+	echo "Another file content" >AnotherFile.txt &&
+	wiki_upload_file AnotherFile.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works with one specific page cloned and mediaimport=true' '
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=testpage \
+		  -c remote.origin.mediaimport=true \
+			mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_15 &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir_15" &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_15 3 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/Testpage.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/File:File.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_15/File.txt &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_15/Main_Page.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_15/File:AnotherFile.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_15/AnothetFile.txt &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_15/Testpage.mw Testpage &&
+	test_cmp mw_dir_15/File.txt File.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clone works with one specific page cloned and mediaimport=false' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf mw_dir_16" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=testpage \
+			mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_16 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_16 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_16/Testpage.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_16/File:File.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_16/File.txt &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_16/Main_Page.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_16/Testpage.mw Testpage
+'
+
+# should behave like mediaimport=false
+test_expect_success 'git clone works with one specific page cloned and mediaimport unset' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -fr mw_dir_17" &&
+	git clone -c remote.origin.pages=testpage \
+		mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir_17 &&
+	test_contains_N_files mw_dir_17 1 &&
+	test_path_is_file mw_dir_17/Testpage.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_17/File:File.txt.mw &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_17/File.txt &&
+	test_path_is_missing mw_dir_17/Main_Page.mw &&
+	wiki_check_content mw_dir_17/Testpage.mw Testpage
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9364-pull-by-rev.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9364-pull-by-rev.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5c22457a0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9364-pull-by-rev.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: git pull by revision'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. ./push-pull-tests.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+test_check_precond
+
+test_expect_success 'configuration' '
+	git config --global mediawiki.fetchStrategy by_rev
+'
+
+test_push_pull
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..016454749f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/t9365-continuing-queries.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test the Git Mediawiki remote helper: queries w/ more than 500 results'
+
+. ./test-gitmw-lib.sh
+. $TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib.sh
+
+test_check_precond
+
+test_expect_success 'creating page w/ >500 revisions' '
+	wiki_reset &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 501)
+	do
+		echo "creating revision $i" &&
+		wiki_editpage foo "revision $i<br/>" true
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning page w/ >500 revisions' '
+	git clone mediawiki::'"$WIKI_URL"' mw_dir
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6546294f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw-lib.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+#
+# CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
+# You might want to change these ones
+#
+
+. ./test.config
+
+WIKI_URL=http://"$SERVER_ADDR:$PORT/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+CURR_DIR=$(pwd)
+TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
+TEST_DIRECTORY="$CURR_DIR"/../../../t
+
+export TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY TEST_DIRECTORY CURR_DIR
+
+if test "$LIGHTTPD" = "false" ; then
+	PORT=80
+else
+	WIKI_DIR_INST="$CURR_DIR/$WEB_WWW"
+fi
+
+wiki_upload_file () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl upload_file "$@"
+}
+
+wiki_getpage () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl get_page "$@"
+}
+
+wiki_delete_page () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl delete_page "$@"
+}
+
+wiki_editpage () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl edit_page "$@"
+}
+
+die () {
+	die_with_status 1 "$@"
+}
+
+die_with_status () {
+	status=$1
+	shift
+	echo >&2 "$*"
+	exit "$status"
+}
+
+
+# Check the preconditions to run git-remote-mediawiki's tests
+test_check_precond () {
+	if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+	then
+		skip_all='skipping gateway git-mw tests, perl not available'
+		test_done
+	fi
+
+	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && cd "../.." && pwd)
+	PATH="$GIT_EXEC_PATH"'/bin-wrapper:'"$PATH"
+
+	if [ ! -d "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ];
+	then
+		skip_all='skipping gateway git-mw tests, no mediawiki found'
+		test_done
+	fi
+}
+
+# test_diff_directories <dir_git> <dir_wiki>
+#
+# Compare the contents of directories <dir_git> and <dir_wiki> with diff
+# and errors if they do not match. The program will
+# not look into .git in the process.
+# Warning: the first argument MUST be the directory containing the git data
+test_diff_directories () {
+	rm -rf "$1_tmp"
+	mkdir -p "$1_tmp"
+	cp "$1"/*.mw "$1_tmp"
+	diff -r -b "$1_tmp" "$2"
+}
+
+# $1=<dir>
+# $2=<N>
+#
+# Check that <dir> contains exactly <N> files
+test_contains_N_files () {
+	if test $(ls -- "$1" | wc -l) -ne "$2"; then
+		echo "directory $1 should contain $2 files"
+		echo "it contains these files:"
+		ls "$1"
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+
+# wiki_check_content <file_name> <page_name>
+#
+# Compares the contents of the file <file_name> and the wiki page
+# <page_name> and exits with error 1 if they do not match.
+wiki_check_content () {
+	mkdir -p wiki_tmp
+	wiki_getpage "$2" wiki_tmp
+	# replacement of forbidden character in file name
+	page_name=$(printf "%s\n" "$2" | sed -e "s/\//%2F/g")
+
+	diff -b "$1" wiki_tmp/"$page_name".mw
+	if test $? -ne 0
+	then
+		rm -rf wiki_tmp
+		error "ERROR: file $2 not found on wiki"
+	fi
+	rm -rf wiki_tmp
+}
+
+# wiki_page_exist <page_name>
+#
+# Check the existence of the page <page_name> on the wiki and exits
+# with error if it is absent from it.
+wiki_page_exist () {
+	mkdir -p wiki_tmp
+	wiki_getpage "$1" wiki_tmp
+	page_name=$(printf "%s\n" "$1" | sed "s/\//%2F/g")
+	if test -f wiki_tmp/"$page_name".mw ; then
+		rm -rf wiki_tmp
+	else
+		rm -rf wiki_tmp
+		error "test failed: file $1 not found on wiki"
+	fi
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpagename
+#
+# Fetch the name of each page on the wiki.
+wiki_getallpagename () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl getallpagename
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpagecategory <category>
+#
+# Fetch the name of each page belonging to <category> on the wiki.
+wiki_getallpagecategory () {
+	"$CURR_DIR"/test-gitmw.pl getallpagename "$@"
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpage <dest_dir> [<category>]
+#
+# Fetch all the pages from the wiki and place them in the directory
+# <dest_dir>.
+# If <category> is define, then wiki_getallpage fetch the pages included
+# in <category>.
+wiki_getallpage () {
+	if test -z "$2";
+	then
+		wiki_getallpagename
+	else
+		wiki_getallpagecategory "$2"
+	fi
+	mkdir -p "$1"
+	while read -r line; do
+		wiki_getpage "$line" $1;
+	done < all.txt
+}
+
+# ================= Install part =================
+
+error () {
+	echo "$@" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# config_lighttpd
+#
+# Create the configuration files and the folders necessary to start lighttpd.
+# Overwrite any existing file.
+config_lighttpd () {
+	mkdir -p $WEB
+	mkdir -p $WEB_TMP
+	mkdir -p $WEB_WWW
+	cat > $WEB/lighttpd.conf <<EOF
+	server.document-root = "$CURR_DIR/$WEB_WWW"
+	server.port = $PORT
+	server.pid-file = "$CURR_DIR/$WEB_TMP/pid"
+
+	server.modules = (
+	"mod_rewrite",
+	"mod_redirect",
+	"mod_access",
+	"mod_accesslog",
+	"mod_fastcgi"
+	)
+
+	index-file.names = ("index.php" , "index.html")
+
+	mimetype.assign		    = (
+	".pdf"		=>	"application/pdf",
+	".sig"		=>	"application/pgp-signature",
+	".spl"		=>	"application/futuresplash",
+	".class"	=>	"application/octet-stream",
+	".ps"		=>	"application/postscript",
+	".torrent"	=>	"application/x-bittorrent",
+	".dvi"		=>	"application/x-dvi",
+	".gz"		=>	"application/x-gzip",
+	".pac"		=>	"application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig",
+	".swf"		=>	"application/x-shockwave-flash",
+	".tar.gz"	=>	"application/x-tgz",
+	".tgz"		=>	"application/x-tgz",
+	".tar"		=>	"application/x-tar",
+	".zip"		=>	"application/zip",
+	".mp3"		=>	"audio/mpeg",
+	".m3u"		=>	"audio/x-mpegurl",
+	".wma"		=>	"audio/x-ms-wma",
+	".wax"		=>	"audio/x-ms-wax",
+	".ogg"		=>	"application/ogg",
+	".wav"		=>	"audio/x-wav",
+	".gif"		=>	"image/gif",
+	".jpg"		=>	"image/jpeg",
+	".jpeg"		=>	"image/jpeg",
+	".png"		=>	"image/png",
+	".xbm"		=>	"image/x-xbitmap",
+	".xpm"		=>	"image/x-xpixmap",
+	".xwd"		=>	"image/x-xwindowdump",
+	".css"		=>	"text/css",
+	".html"		=>	"text/html",
+	".htm"		=>	"text/html",
+	".js"		=>	"text/javascript",
+	".asc"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".c"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".cpp"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".log"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".conf"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".text"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".txt"		=>	"text/plain",
+	".dtd"		=>	"text/xml",
+	".xml"		=>	"text/xml",
+	".mpeg"		=>	"video/mpeg",
+	".mpg"		=>	"video/mpeg",
+	".mov"		=>	"video/quicktime",
+	".qt"		=>	"video/quicktime",
+	".avi"		=>	"video/x-msvideo",
+	".asf"		=>	"video/x-ms-asf",
+	".asx"		=>	"video/x-ms-asf",
+	".wmv"		=>	"video/x-ms-wmv",
+	".bz2"		=>	"application/x-bzip",
+	".tbz"		=>	"application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
+	".tar.bz2"	=>	"application/x-bzip-compressed-tar",
+	""		=>	"text/plain"
+	)
+
+	fastcgi.server = ( ".php" =>
+	("localhost" =>
+	( "socket" => "$CURR_DIR/$WEB_TMP/php.socket",
+	"bin-path" => "$PHP_DIR/php-cgi -c $CURR_DIR/$WEB/php.ini"
+
+	)
+	)
+	)
+EOF
+
+	cat > $WEB/php.ini <<EOF
+	session.save_path ='$CURR_DIR/$WEB_TMP'
+EOF
+}
+
+# start_lighttpd
+#
+# Start or restart daemon lighttpd. If restart, rewrite configuration files.
+start_lighttpd () {
+	if test -f "$WEB_TMP/pid"; then
+		echo "Instance already running. Restarting..."
+		stop_lighttpd
+	fi
+	config_lighttpd
+	"$LIGHTTPD_DIR"/lighttpd -f "$WEB"/lighttpd.conf
+
+	if test $? -ne 0 ; then
+		echo "Could not execute http deamon lighttpd"
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# stop_lighttpd
+#
+# Kill daemon lighttpd and removes files and folders associated.
+stop_lighttpd () {
+	test -f "$WEB_TMP/pid" && kill $(cat "$WEB_TMP/pid")
+}
+
+# Create the SQLite database of the MediaWiki. If the database file already
+# exists, it will be deleted.
+# This script should be runned from the directory where $FILES_FOLDER is
+# located.
+create_db () {
+	rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE"
+
+	echo "Generating the SQLite database file. It can take some time ..."
+	# Run the php script to generate the SQLite database file
+	# with cURL calls.
+	php "$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_INSTALL_SCRIPT" $(basename "$DB_FILE" .sqlite) \
+		"$WIKI_ADMIN" "$WIKI_PASSW" "$TMP" "$PORT"
+
+	if [ ! -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" ] ; then
+		error "Can't create database file $TMP/$DB_FILE. Try to run ./install-wiki.sh delete first."
+	fi
+
+	# Copy the generated database file into the directory the
+	# user indicated.
+	cp "$TMP/$DB_FILE" "$FILES_FOLDER" ||
+		error "Unable to copy $TMP/$DB_FILE to $FILES_FOLDER"
+}
+
+# Install a wiki in your web server directory.
+wiki_install () {
+	if test $LIGHTTPD = "true" ; then
+		start_lighttpd
+	fi
+
+	SERVER_ADDR=$SERVER_ADDR:$PORT
+	# In this part, we change directory to $TMP in order to download,
+	# unpack and copy the files of MediaWiki
+	(
+	mkdir -p "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+	if [ ! -d "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ] ; then
+		error "Folder $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME doesn't exist.
+		Please create it and launch the script again."
+	fi
+
+	# Fetch MediaWiki's archive if not already present in the TMP directory
+	MW_FILENAME="mediawiki-$MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR.tar.gz"
+	cd "$TMP"
+	if [ ! -f $MW_FILENAME ] ; then
+		echo "Downloading $MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR sources ..."
+		wget "http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/$MW_VERSION_MAJOR/$MW_FILENAME" ||
+			error "Unable to download "\
+			"http://download.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/$MW_VERSION_MAJOR/"\
+			"$MW_FILENAME. "\
+			"Please fix your connection and launch the script again."
+		echo "$MW_FILENAME downloaded in $(pwd). "\
+			"You can delete it later if you want."
+	else
+		echo "Reusing existing $MW_FILENAME downloaded in $(pwd)."
+	fi
+	archive_abs_path=$(pwd)/$MW_FILENAME
+	cd "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/" ||
+		error "can't cd to $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/"
+	tar xzf "$archive_abs_path" --strip-components=1 ||
+		error "Unable to extract WikiMedia's files from $archive_abs_path to "\
+			"$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+	) || exit 1
+
+	create_db
+
+	# Copy the generic LocalSettings.php in the web server's directory
+	# And modify parameters according to the ones set at the top
+	# of this script.
+	# Note that LocalSettings.php is never modified.
+	if [ ! -f "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php" ] ; then
+		error "Can't find $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php " \
+			"in the current folder. "\
+		"Please run the script inside its folder."
+	fi
+	cp "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php" \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" ||
+		error "Unable to copy $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php " \
+		"to $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+
+	# Parse and set the LocalSettings file of the user according to the
+	# CONFIGURATION VARIABLES section at the beginning of this script
+	file_swap="$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-swap.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SCRIPT_PATH@,/$WIKI_DIR_NAME," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SERVER@,http://$SERVER_ADDR," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SQLITE_DATADIR@,$TMP," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+	sed "s,@WG_SQLITE_DATAFILE@,$( basename $DB_FILE .sqlite)," \
+		"$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" > "$file_swap"
+	mv "$file_swap" "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php"
+
+	mv "$FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" \
+		"$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME/LocalSettings.php" ||
+		error "Unable to move $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings-tmp.php" \
+		"in $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+	echo "File $FILES_FOLDER/LocalSettings.php is set in" \
+		" $WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+
+	echo "Your wiki has been installed. You can check it at
+		http://$SERVER_ADDR/$WIKI_DIR_NAME"
+}
+
+# Reset the database of the wiki and the password of the admin
+#
+# Warning: This function must be called only in a subdirectory of t/ directory
+wiki_reset () {
+	# Copy initial database of the wiki
+	if [ ! -f "../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE" ] ; then
+		error "Can't find ../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE in the current folder."
+	fi
+	cp "../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE" "$TMP" ||
+		error "Can't copy ../$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE in $TMP"
+	echo "File $FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE is set in $TMP"
+}
+
+# Delete the wiki created in the web server's directory and all its content
+# saved in the database.
+wiki_delete () {
+	if test $LIGHTTPD = "true"; then
+		stop_lighttpd
+		rm -fr "$WEB"
+	else
+		# Delete the wiki's directory.
+		rm -rf "$WIKI_DIR_INST/$WIKI_DIR_NAME" ||
+			error "Wiki's directory $WIKI_DIR_INST/" \
+			"$WIKI_DIR_NAME could not be deleted"
+		# Delete the wiki's SQLite database.
+		rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" ||
+			error "Database $TMP/$DB_FILE could not be deleted."
+	fi
+
+	# Delete the wiki's SQLite database
+	rm -f "$TMP/$DB_FILE" || error "Database $TMP/$DB_FILE could not be deleted."
+	rm -f "$FILES_FOLDER/$DB_FILE"
+	rm -rf "$TMP/mediawiki-$MW_VERSION_MAJOR.$MW_VERSION_MINOR.tar.gz"
+}
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw.pl b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0ff76259fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test-gitmw.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl -w -s
+# Copyright (C) 2012
+#     Charles Roussel <charles.roussel@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Cathebras <simon.cathebras@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Julien Khayat <julien.khayat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Guillaume Sasdy <guillaume.sasdy@ensimag.imag.fr>
+#     Simon Perrat <simon.perrat@ensimag.imag.fr>
+# License: GPL v2 or later
+
+# Usage:
+#       ./test-gitmw.pl <command> [argument]*
+# Execute in terminal using the name of the function to call as first
+# parameter, and the function's arguments as following parameters
+#
+# Example:
+#     ./test-gitmw.pl "get_page" foo .
+# will call <wiki_getpage> with arguments <foo> and <.>
+#
+# Available functions are:
+#     "get_page"
+#     "delete_page"
+#     "edit_page"
+#     "getallpagename"
+
+use MediaWiki::API;
+use Getopt::Long;
+use encoding 'utf8';
+use DateTime::Format::ISO8601;
+use open ':encoding(utf8)';
+use constant SLASH_REPLACEMENT => "%2F";
+
+#Parsing of the config file
+
+my $configfile = "$ENV{'CURR_DIR'}/test.config";
+my %config;
+open my $CONFIG, "<",  $configfile or die "can't open $configfile: $!";
+while (<$CONFIG>)
+{
+	chomp;
+	s/#.*//;
+	s/^\s+//;
+	s/\s+$//;
+	next unless length;
+	my ($key, $value) = split (/\s*=\s*/,$_, 2);
+	$config{$key} = $value;
+	last if ($key eq 'LIGHTTPD' and $value eq 'false');
+	last if ($key eq 'PORT');
+}
+close $CONFIG or die "can't close $configfile: $!";
+
+my $wiki_address = "http://$config{'SERVER_ADDR'}".":"."$config{'PORT'}";
+my $wiki_url = "$wiki_address/$config{'WIKI_DIR_NAME'}/api.php";
+my $wiki_admin = "$config{'WIKI_ADMIN'}";
+my $wiki_admin_pass = "$config{'WIKI_PASSW'}";
+my $mw = MediaWiki::API->new;
+$mw->{config}->{api_url} = $wiki_url;
+
+
+# wiki_login <name> <password>
+#
+# Logs the user with <name> and <password> in the global variable
+# of the mediawiki $mw
+sub wiki_login {
+	$mw->login( { lgname => "$_[0]",lgpassword => "$_[1]" } )
+	|| die "getpage: login failed";
+}
+
+# wiki_getpage <wiki_page> <dest_path>
+#
+# fetch a page <wiki_page> from the wiki referenced in the global variable
+# $mw and copies its content in directory dest_path
+sub wiki_getpage {
+	my $pagename = $_[0];
+	my $destdir = $_[1];
+
+	my $page = $mw->get_page( { title => $pagename } );
+	if (!defined($page)) {
+		die "getpage: wiki does not exist";
+	}
+
+	my $content = $page->{'*'};
+	if (!defined($content)) {
+		die "getpage: page does not exist";
+	}
+
+	$pagename=$page->{'title'};
+	# Replace spaces by underscore in the page name
+	$pagename =~ s/ /_/g;
+	$pagename =~ s/\//%2F/g;
+	open(my $file, ">$destdir/$pagename.mw");
+	print $file "$content";
+	close ($file);
+
+}
+
+# wiki_delete_page <page_name>
+#
+# delete the page with name <page_name> from the wiki referenced
+# in the global variable $mw
+sub wiki_delete_page {
+	my $pagename = $_[0];
+
+	my $exist=$mw->get_page({title => $pagename});
+
+	if (defined($exist->{'*'})){
+		$mw->edit({ action => 'delete',
+				title => $pagename})
+		|| die $mw->{error}->{code} . ": " . $mw->{error}->{details};
+	} else {
+		die "no page with such name found: $pagename\n";
+	}
+}
+
+# wiki_editpage <wiki_page> <wiki_content> <wiki_append> [-c=<category>] [-s=<summary>]
+#
+# Edit a page named <wiki_page> with content <wiki_content> on the wiki
+# referenced with the global variable $mw
+# If <wiki_append> == true : append <wiki_content> at the end of the actual
+# content of the page <wiki_page>
+# If <wik_page> doesn't exist, that page is created with the <wiki_content>
+sub wiki_editpage {
+	my $wiki_page = $_[0];
+	my $wiki_content = $_[1];
+	my $wiki_append = $_[2];
+	my $summary = "";
+	my ($summ, $cat) = ();
+	GetOptions('s=s' => \$summ, 'c=s' => \$cat);
+
+	my $append = 0;
+	if (defined($wiki_append) && $wiki_append eq 'true') {
+		$append=1;
+	}
+
+	my $previous_text ="";
+
+	if ($append) {
+		my $ref = $mw->get_page( { title => $wiki_page } );
+		$previous_text = $ref->{'*'};
+	}
+
+	my $text = $wiki_content;
+	if (defined($previous_text)) {
+		$text="$previous_text$text";
+	}
+
+	# Eventually, add this page to a category.
+	if (defined($cat)) {
+		my $category_name="[[Category:$cat]]";
+		$text="$text\n $category_name";
+	}
+	if(defined($summ)){
+		$summary=$summ;
+	}
+
+	$mw->edit( { action => 'edit', title => $wiki_page, summary => $summary, text => "$text"} );
+}
+
+# wiki_getallpagename [<category>]
+#
+# Fetch all pages of the wiki referenced by the global variable $mw
+# and print the names of each one in the file all.txt with a new line
+# ("\n") between these.
+# If the argument <category> is defined, then this function get only the pages
+# belonging to <category>.
+sub wiki_getallpagename {
+	# fetch the pages of the wiki
+	if (defined($_[0])) {
+		my $mw_pages = $mw->list ( { action => 'query',
+				list => 'categorymembers',
+				cmtitle => "Category:$_[0]",
+				cmnamespace => 0,
+				cmlimit => 500 },
+		)
+		|| die $mw->{error}->{code}.": ".$mw->{error}->{details};
+		open(my $file, ">all.txt");
+		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+			print $file "$page->{title}\n";
+		}
+		close ($file);
+
+	} else {
+		my $mw_pages = $mw->list({
+				action => 'query',
+				list => 'allpages',
+				aplimit => 500,
+			})
+		|| die $mw->{error}->{code}.": ".$mw->{error}->{details};
+		open(my $file, ">all.txt");
+		foreach my $page (@{$mw_pages}) {
+			print $file "$page->{title}\n";
+		}
+		close ($file);
+	}
+}
+
+sub wiki_upload_file {
+	my $file_name = $_[0];
+	my $resultat = $mw->edit ( {
+		action => 'upload',
+		filename => $file_name,
+		comment => 'upload a file',
+		file => [ $file_name ],
+		ignorewarnings=>1,
+	}, {
+		skip_encoding => 1
+	} ) || die $mw->{error}->{code} . ' : ' . $mw->{error}->{details};
+}
+
+
+
+# Main part of this script: parse the command line arguments
+# and select which function to execute
+my $fct_to_call = shift;
+
+wiki_login($wiki_admin, $wiki_admin_pass);
+
+my %functions_to_call = qw(
+	upload_file    wiki_upload_file
+	get_page       wiki_getpage
+	delete_page    wiki_delete_page
+	edit_page      wiki_editpage
+	getallpagename wiki_getallpagename
+);
+die "$0 ERROR: wrong argument" unless exists $functions_to_call{$fct_to_call};
+&{$functions_to_call{$fct_to_call}}(@ARGV);
diff --git a/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ba0684162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/mw-to-git/t/test.config
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Name of the web server's directory dedicated to the wiki is WIKI_DIR_NAME
+WIKI_DIR_NAME=wiki
+
+# Login and password of the wiki's admin
+WIKI_ADMIN=WikiAdmin
+WIKI_PASSW=AdminPass
+
+# Address of the web server
+SERVER_ADDR=localhost
+
+# SQLite database of the wiki, named DB_FILE, is located in TMP
+TMP=/tmp
+DB_FILE=wikidb.sqlite
+
+# If LIGHTTPD is not set to true, the script will use the default
+# web server running in WIKI_DIR_INST.
+WIKI_DIR_INST=/var/www
+
+# If LIGHTTPD is set to true, the script will use Lighttpd to run
+# the wiki.
+LIGHTTPD=true
+
+# The variables below are useful only if LIGHTTPD is set to true.
+PORT=1234
+PHP_DIR=/usr/bin
+LIGHTTPD_DIR=/usr/sbin
+WEB=WEB
+WEB_TMP=$WEB/tmp
+WEB_WWW=$WEB/www
+
+# The variables below are used by the script to install a wiki.
+# You should not modify these unless you are modifying the script itself.
+# tested versions: 1.19.X -> 1.21.1
+MW_VERSION_MAJOR=1.21
+MW_VERSION_MINOR=1
+FILES_FOLDER=install-wiki
+DB_INSTALL_SCRIPT=db_install.php
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/README b/contrib/p4import/README
deleted file mode 100644
index b9892b6793..0000000000
--- a/contrib/p4import/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Please see contrib/fast-import/git-p4 for a better Perforce importer.
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b6e534b65b..0000000000
--- a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,360 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-#
-# This tool is copyright (c) 2006, Sean Estabrooks.
-# It is released under the Gnu Public License, version 2.
-#
-# Import Perforce branches into Git repositories.
-# Checking out the files is done by calling the standard p4
-# client which you must have properly configured yourself
-#
-
-import marshal
-import os
-import sys
-import time
-import getopt
-
-from signal import signal, \
-   SIGPIPE, SIGINT, SIG_DFL, \
-   default_int_handler
-
-signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL)
-s = signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL)
-if s != default_int_handler:
-   signal(SIGINT, s)
-
-def die(msg, *args):
-    for a in args:
-        msg = "%s %s" % (msg, a)
-    print "git-p4import fatal error:", msg
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-def usage():
-    print "USAGE: git-p4import [-q|-v]  [--authors=<file>]  [-t <timezone>]  [//p4repo/path <branch>]"
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-verbosity = 1
-logfile = "/dev/null"
-ignore_warnings = False
-stitch = 0
-tagall = True
-
-def report(level, msg, *args):
-    global verbosity
-    global logfile
-    for a in args:
-        msg = "%s %s" % (msg, a)
-    fd = open(logfile, "a")
-    fd.writelines(msg)
-    fd.close()
-    if level <= verbosity:
-        print msg
-
-class p4_command:
-    def __init__(self, _repopath):
-        try:
-            global logfile
-            self.userlist = {}
-            if _repopath[-1] == '/':
-                self.repopath = _repopath[:-1]
-            else:
-                self.repopath = _repopath
-            if self.repopath[-4:] != "/...":
-                self.repopath= "%s/..." % self.repopath
-            f=os.popen('p4 -V 2>>%s'%logfile, 'rb')
-            a = f.readlines()
-            if f.close():
-                raise
-        except:
-                die("Could not find the \"p4\" command")
-
-    def p4(self, cmd, *args):
-        global logfile
-        cmd = "%s %s" % (cmd, ' '.join(args))
-        report(2, "P4:", cmd)
-        f=os.popen('p4 -G %s 2>>%s' % (cmd,logfile), 'rb')
-        list = []
-        while 1:
-           try:
-                list.append(marshal.load(f))
-           except EOFError:
-                break
-        self.ret = f.close()
-        return list
-
-    def sync(self, id, force=False, trick=False, test=False):
-        if force:
-            ret = self.p4("sync -f %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
-        elif trick:
-            ret = self.p4("sync -k %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
-        elif test:
-            ret = self.p4("sync -n %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
-        else:
-            ret = self.p4("sync    %s@%s"%(self.repopath, id))[0]
-        if ret['code'] == "error":
-             data = ret['data'].upper()
-             if data.find('VIEW') > 0:
-                 die("Perforce reports %s is not in client view"% self.repopath)
-             elif data.find('UP-TO-DATE') < 0:
-                 die("Could not sync files from perforce", self.repopath)
-
-    def changes(self, since=0):
-        try:
-            list = []
-            for rec in self.p4("changes %s@%s,#head" % (self.repopath, since+1)):
-                list.append(rec['change'])
-            list.reverse()
-            return list
-        except:
-            return []
-
-    def authors(self, filename):
-        f=open(filename)
-        for l in f.readlines():
-            self.userlist[l[:l.find('=')].rstrip()] = \
-                    (l[l.find('=')+1:l.find('<')].rstrip(),l[l.find('<')+1:l.find('>')])
-        f.close()
-        for f,e in self.userlist.items():
-                report(2, f, ":", e[0], "  <", e[1], ">")
-
-    def _get_user(self, id):
-        if not self.userlist.has_key(id):
-            try:
-                user = self.p4("users", id)[0]
-                self.userlist[id] = (user['FullName'], user['Email'])
-            except:
-                self.userlist[id] = (id, "")
-        return self.userlist[id]
-
-    def _format_date(self, ticks):
-        symbol='+'
-        name = time.tzname[0]
-        offset = time.timezone
-        if ticks[8]:
-            name = time.tzname[1]
-            offset = time.altzone
-        if offset < 0:
-            offset *= -1
-            symbol = '-'
-        localo = "%s%02d%02d %s" % (symbol, offset / 3600, offset % 3600, name)
-        tickso = time.strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y", ticks)
-        return "%s %s" % (tickso, localo)
-
-    def where(self):
-        try:
-            return self.p4("where %s" % self.repopath)[-1]['path']
-        except:
-            return ""
-
-    def describe(self, num):
-        desc = self.p4("describe -s", num)[0]
-        self.msg = desc['desc']
-        self.author, self.email = self._get_user(desc['user'])
-        self.date = self._format_date(time.localtime(long(desc['time'])))
-        return self
-
-class git_command:
-    def __init__(self):
-        try:
-            self.version = self.git("--version")[0][12:].rstrip()
-        except:
-            die("Could not find the \"git\" command")
-        try:
-            self.gitdir = self.get_single("rev-parse --git-dir")
-            report(2, "gdir:", self.gitdir)
-        except:
-            die("Not a git repository... did you forget to \"git init\" ?")
-        try:
-            self.cdup = self.get_single("rev-parse --show-cdup")
-            if self.cdup != "":
-                os.chdir(self.cdup)
-            self.topdir = os.getcwd()
-            report(2, "topdir:", self.topdir)
-        except:
-            die("Could not find top git directory")
-
-    def git(self, cmd):
-        global logfile
-        report(2, "GIT:", cmd)
-        f=os.popen('git %s 2>>%s' % (cmd,logfile), 'rb')
-        r=f.readlines()
-        self.ret = f.close()
-        return r
-
-    def get_single(self, cmd):
-        return self.git(cmd)[0].rstrip()
-
-    def current_branch(self):
-        try:
-            testit = self.git("rev-parse --verify HEAD")[0]
-            return self.git("symbolic-ref HEAD")[0][11:].rstrip()
-        except:
-            return None
-
-    def get_config(self, variable):
-        try:
-            return self.git("config --get %s" % variable)[0].rstrip()
-        except:
-            return None
-
-    def set_config(self, variable, value):
-        try:
-            self.git("config %s %s"%(variable, value) )
-        except:
-            die("Could not set %s to " % variable, value)
-
-    def make_tag(self, name, head):
-        self.git("tag -f %s %s"%(name,head))
-
-    def top_change(self, branch):
-        try:
-            a=self.get_single("name-rev --tags refs/heads/%s" % branch)
-            loc = a.find(' tags/') + 6
-            if a[loc:loc+3] != "p4/":
-                raise
-            return int(a[loc+3:][:-2])
-        except:
-            return 0
-
-    def update_index(self):
-        self.git("ls-files -m -d -o -z | git update-index --add --remove -z --stdin")
-
-    def checkout(self, branch):
-        self.git("checkout %s" % branch)
-
-    def repoint_head(self, branch):
-        self.git("symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/%s" % branch)
-
-    def remove_files(self):
-        self.git("ls-files | xargs rm")
-
-    def clean_directories(self):
-        self.git("clean -d")
-
-    def fresh_branch(self, branch):
-        report(1, "Creating new branch", branch)
-        self.git("ls-files | xargs rm")
-        os.remove(".git/index")
-        self.repoint_head(branch)
-        self.git("clean -d")
-
-    def basedir(self):
-        return self.topdir
-
-    def commit(self, author, email, date, msg, id):
-        self.update_index()
-        fd=open(".msg", "w")
-        fd.writelines(msg)
-        fd.close()
-        try:
-                current = self.get_single("rev-parse --verify HEAD")
-                head = "-p HEAD"
-        except:
-                current = ""
-                head = ""
-        tree = self.get_single("write-tree")
-        for r,l in [('DATE',date),('NAME',author),('EMAIL',email)]:
-            os.environ['GIT_AUTHOR_%s'%r] = l
-            os.environ['GIT_COMMITTER_%s'%r] = l
-        commit = self.get_single("commit-tree %s %s < .msg" % (tree,head))
-        os.remove(".msg")
-        self.make_tag("p4/%s"%id, commit)
-        self.git("update-ref HEAD %s %s" % (commit, current) )
-
-try:
-    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "qhvt:",
-            ["authors=","help","stitch=","timezone=","log=","ignore","notags"])
-except getopt.GetoptError:
-    usage()
-
-for o, a in opts:
-    if o == "-q":
-        verbosity = 0
-    if o == "-v":
-        verbosity += 1
-    if o in ("--log"):
-        logfile = a
-    if o in ("--notags"):
-        tagall = False
-    if o in ("-h", "--help"):
-        usage()
-    if o in ("--ignore"):
-        ignore_warnings = True
-
-git = git_command()
-branch=git.current_branch()
-
-for o, a in opts:
-    if o in ("-t", "--timezone"):
-        git.set_config("perforce.timezone", a)
-    if o in ("--stitch"):
-        git.set_config("perforce.%s.path" % branch, a)
-        stitch = 1
-
-if len(args) == 2:
-    branch = args[1]
-    git.checkout(branch)
-    if branch == git.current_branch():
-        die("Branch %s already exists!" % branch)
-    report(1, "Setting perforce to ", args[0])
-    git.set_config("perforce.%s.path" % branch, args[0])
-elif len(args) != 0:
-    die("You must specify the perforce //depot/path and git branch")
-
-p4path = git.get_config("perforce.%s.path" % branch)
-if p4path == None:
-    die("Do not know Perforce //depot/path for git branch", branch)
-
-p4 = p4_command(p4path)
-
-for o, a in opts:
-    if o in ("-a", "--authors"):
-        p4.authors(a)
-
-localdir = git.basedir()
-if p4.where()[:len(localdir)] != localdir:
-    report(1, "**WARNING** Appears p4 client is misconfigured")
-    report(1, "   for sync from %s to %s" % (p4.repopath, localdir))
-    if ignore_warnings != True:
-        die("Reconfigure or use \"--ignore\" on command line")
-
-if stitch == 0:
-    top = git.top_change(branch)
-else:
-    top = 0
-changes = p4.changes(top)
-count = len(changes)
-if count == 0:
-    report(1, "Already up to date...")
-    sys.exit(0)
-
-ptz = git.get_config("perforce.timezone")
-if ptz:
-    report(1, "Setting timezone to", ptz)
-    os.environ['TZ'] = ptz
-    time.tzset()
-
-if stitch == 1:
-    git.remove_files()
-    git.clean_directories()
-    p4.sync(changes[0], force=True)
-elif top == 0 and branch != git.current_branch():
-    p4.sync(changes[0], test=True)
-    report(1, "Creating new initial commit");
-    git.fresh_branch(branch)
-    p4.sync(changes[0], force=True)
-else:
-    p4.sync(changes[0], trick=True)
-
-report(1, "processing %s changes from p4 (%s) to git (%s)" % (count, p4.repopath, branch))
-for id in changes:
-    report(1, "Importing changeset", id)
-    change = p4.describe(id)
-    p4.sync(id)
-    if tagall :
-            git.commit(change.author, change.email, change.date, change.msg, id)
-    else:
-            git.commit(change.author, change.email, change.date, change.msg, "import")
-    if stitch == 1:
-        git.clean_directories()
-        stitch = 0
diff --git a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.txt b/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9967587fe6..0000000000
--- a/contrib/p4import/git-p4import.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-git-p4import(1)
-===============
-
-NAME
-----
-git-p4import - Import a Perforce repository into git
-
-
-SYNOPSIS
---------
-[verse]
-`git-p4import` [-q|-v] [--notags] [--authors <file>] [-t <timezone>]
-               <//p4repo/path> <branch>
-`git-p4import` --stitch <//p4repo/path>
-`git-p4import`
-
-
-DESCRIPTION
------------
-Import a Perforce repository into an existing git repository.  When
-a <//p4repo/path> and <branch> are specified a new branch with the
-given name will be created and the initial import will begin.
-
-Once the initial import is complete you can do an incremental import
-of new commits from the Perforce repository.  You do this by checking
-out the appropriate git branch and then running `git-p4import` without
-any options.
-
-The standard p4 client is used to communicate with the Perforce
-repository; it must be configured correctly in order for `git-p4import`
-to operate (see below).
-
-
-OPTIONS
--------
--q::
-	Do not display any progress information.
-
--v::
-        Give extra progress information.
-
-\--authors::
-	Specify an authors file containing a mapping of Perforce user
-	ids to full names and email addresses (see Notes below).
-
-\--notags::
-	Do not create a tag for each imported commit.
-
-\--stitch::
-	Import the contents of the given perforce branch into the
-	currently checked out git branch.
-
-\--log::
-	Store debugging information in the specified file.
-
--t::
-	Specify that the remote repository is in the specified timezone.
-	Timezone must be in the format "US/Pacific" or "Europe/London"
-	etc.  You only need to specify this once, it will be saved in
-	the git config file for the repository.
-
-<//p4repo/path>::
-	The Perforce path that will be imported into the specified branch.
-
-<branch>::
-	The new branch that will be created to hold the Perforce imports.
-
-
-P4 Client
----------
-You must make the `p4` client command available in your $PATH and
-configure it to communicate with the target Perforce repository.
-Typically this means you must set the "$P4PORT" and "$P4CLIENT"
-environment variables.
-
-You must also configure a `p4` client "view" which maps the Perforce
-branch into the top level of your git repository, for example:
-
-------------
-Client: myhost
-
-Root:   /home/sean/import
-
-Options:   noallwrite clobber nocompress unlocked modtime rmdir
-
-View:
-        //public/jam/... //myhost/jam/...
-------------
-
-With the above `p4` client setup, you could import the "jam"
-perforce branch into a branch named "jammy", like so:
-
-------------
-$ mkdir -p /home/sean/import/jam
-$ cd /home/sean/import/jam
-$ git init
-$ git p4import //public/jam jammy
-------------
-
-
-Multiple Branches
------------------
-Note that by creating multiple "views" you can use `git-p4import`
-to import additional branches into the same git repository.
-However, the `p4` client has a limitation in that it silently
-ignores all but the last "view" that maps into the same local
-directory.  So the following will *not* work:
-
-------------
-View:
-        //public/jam/... //myhost/jam/...
-        //public/other/... //myhost/jam/...
-        //public/guest/... //myhost/jam/...
-------------
-
-If you want more than one Perforce branch to be imported into the
-same directory you must employ a workaround.  A simple option is
-to adjust your `p4` client before each import to only include a
-single view.
-
-Another option is to create multiple symlinks locally which all
-point to the same directory in your git repository and then use
-one per "view" instead of listing the actual directory.
-
-
-Tags
-----
-A git tag of the form p4/xx is created for every change imported from
-the Perforce repository where xx is the Perforce changeset number.
-Therefore after the import you can use git to access any commit by its
-Perforce number, e.g. git show p4/327.
-
-The tag associated with the HEAD commit is also how `git-p4import`
-determines if there are new changes to incrementally import from the
-Perforce repository.
-
-If you import from a repository with many thousands of changes
-you will have an equal number of p4/xxxx git tags.  Git tags can
-be expensive in terms of disk space and repository operations.
-If you don't need to perform further incremental imports, you
-may delete the tags.
-
-
-Notes
------
-You can interrupt the import (e.g. ctrl-c) at any time and restart it
-without worry.
-
-Author information is automatically determined by querying the
-Perforce "users" table using the id associated with each change.
-However, if you want to manually supply these mappings you can do
-so with the "--authors" option.  It accepts a file containing a list
-of mappings with each line containing one mapping in the format:
-
-------------
-    perforce_id = Full Name <email@address.com>
-------------
-
-
-Author
-------
-Written by Sean Estabrooks <seanlkml@sympatico.ca>
-
-
-GIT
----
-Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite
diff --git a/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch b/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
deleted file mode 100644
index f2b08b4f4a..0000000000
--- a/contrib/patches/docbook-xsl-manpages-charmap.patch
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-From: Ismail Dönmez <ismail@pardus.org.tr>
-
-Trying to build the documentation with docbook-xsl 1.73 may result in
-the following error.  This patch fixes it.
-
-$ xmlto -m callouts.xsl man git-add.xml
-runtime error: file
-file:///usr/share/sgml/docbook/xsl-stylesheets-1.73.0/manpages/other.xsl line
-129 element call-template
-The called template 'read-character-map' was not found.
-
---- docbook-xsl-1.73.0/manpages/docbook.xsl.manpages-charmap	2007-07-23 16:24:23.000000000 +0100
-+++ docbook-xsl-1.73.0/manpages/docbook.xsl	2007-07-23 16:25:16.000000000 +0100
-@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
-   <xsl:include href="lists.xsl"/>
-   <xsl:include href="endnotes.xsl"/>
-   <xsl:include href="table.xsl"/>
-+  <xsl:include href="../common/charmap.xsl"/>
-
-   <!-- * we rename the following just to avoid using params with "man" -->
-   <!-- * prefixes in the table.xsl stylesheet (because that stylesheet -->
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/LICENSE b/contrib/persistent-https/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d645695673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
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+
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+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
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+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
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+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
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+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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+
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+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
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+   limitations under the License.
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/Makefile b/contrib/persistent-https/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92baa3beee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+BUILD_LABEL=$(shell date +"%s")
+TAR_OUT=$(shell go env GOOS)_$(shell go env GOARCH).tar.gz
+
+all: git-remote-persistent-https git-remote-persistent-https--proxy \
+	git-remote-persistent-http
+
+git-remote-persistent-https--proxy: git-remote-persistent-https
+	ln -f -s git-remote-persistent-https git-remote-persistent-https--proxy
+
+git-remote-persistent-http: git-remote-persistent-https
+	ln -f -s git-remote-persistent-https git-remote-persistent-http
+
+git-remote-persistent-https:
+	go build -o git-remote-persistent-https \
+		-ldflags "-X main._BUILD_EMBED_LABEL $(BUILD_LABEL)"
+
+clean:
+	rm -f git-remote-persistent-http* *.tar.gz
+
+tar: clean all
+	@chmod 555 git-remote-persistent-https
+	@tar -czf $(TAR_OUT) git-remote-persistent-http* README LICENSE
+	@echo
+	@echo "Created $(TAR_OUT)"
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/README b/contrib/persistent-https/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f784dd2e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/README
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+git-remote-persistent-https
+
+The git-remote-persistent-https binary speeds up SSL operations
+by running a daemon job (git-remote-persistent-https--proxy) that
+keeps a connection open to a server.
+
+
+PRE-BUILT BINARIES
+
+Darwin amd64:
+https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/git-remote-persistent-https/darwin_amd64.tar.gz
+
+Linux amd64:
+https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/git-remote-persistent-https/linux_amd64.tar.gz
+
+
+INSTALLING
+
+Move all of the git-remote-persistent-http* binaries to a directory
+in PATH.
+
+
+USAGE
+
+HTTPS requests can be delegated to the proxy by using the
+"persistent-https" scheme, e.g.
+
+git clone persistent-https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/git/git
+
+Likewise, .gitconfig can be updated as follows to rewrite https urls
+to use persistent-https:
+
+[url "persistent-https"]
+	insteadof = https
+[url "persistent-http"]
+	insteadof = http
+
+
+#####################################################################
+# BUILDING FROM SOURCE
+#####################################################################
+
+LOCATION
+
+The source is available in the contrib/persistent-https directory of
+the Git source repository. The Git source repository is available at
+git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git/
+https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/git/git
+
+
+PREREQUISITES
+
+The code is written in Go (http://golang.org/) and the Go compiler is
+required. Currently, the compiler must be built and installed from tip
+of source, in order to include a fix in the reverse http proxy:
+http://code.google.com/p/go/source/detail?r=a615b796570a2cd8591884767a7d67ede74f6648
+
+
+BUILDING
+
+Run "make" to build the binaries. See the section on
+INSTALLING above.
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/client.go b/contrib/persistent-https/client.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..71125b5832
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/client.go
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type Client struct {
+	ProxyBin string
+	Args     []string
+
+	insecure bool
+}
+
+func (c *Client) Run() error {
+	if err := c.resolveArgs(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolveArgs() got error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Connect to the proxy.
+	uconn, hconn, addr, err := c.connect()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect() got error: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Keep the unix socket connection open for the duration of the request.
+	defer uconn.Close()
+	// Keep a connection to the HTTP server open, so no other user can
+	// bind on the same address so long as the process is running.
+	defer hconn.Close()
+
+	// Start the git-remote-http subprocess.
+	cargs := []string{"-c", fmt.Sprintf("http.proxy=%v", addr), "remote-http"}
+	cargs = append(cargs, c.Args...)
+	cmd := exec.Command("git", cargs...)
+
+	for _, v := range os.Environ() {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(v, "GIT_PERSISTENT_HTTPS_SECURE=") {
+			cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, v)
+		}
+	}
+	// Set the GIT_PERSISTENT_HTTPS_SECURE environment variable when
+	// the proxy is using a SSL connection.  This allows credential helpers
+	// to identify secure proxy connections, despite being passed an HTTP
+	// scheme.
+	if !c.insecure {
+		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "GIT_PERSISTENT_HTTPS_SECURE=1")
+	}
+
+	cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
+	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		if eerr, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+			if stat, ok := eerr.ProcessState.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus); ok && stat.ExitStatus() != 0 {
+				os.Exit(stat.ExitStatus())
+			}
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("git-remote-http subprocess got error: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) connect() (uconn net.Conn, hconn net.Conn, addr string, err error) {
+	uconn, err = DefaultSocket.Dial()
+	if err != nil {
+		if e, ok := err.(*net.OpError); ok && (os.IsNotExist(e.Err) || e.Err == syscall.ECONNREFUSED) {
+			if err = c.startProxy(); err == nil {
+				uconn, err = DefaultSocket.Dial()
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	if addr, err = c.readAddr(uconn); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Open a tcp connection to the proxy.
+	if hconn, err = net.Dial("tcp", addr); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Verify the address hasn't changed ownership.
+	var addr2 string
+	if addr2, err = c.readAddr(uconn); err != nil {
+		return
+	} else if addr != addr2 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("address changed after connect. got %q, want %q", addr2, addr)
+		return
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (c *Client) readAddr(conn net.Conn) (string, error) {
+	conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+	data := make([]byte, 100)
+	n, err := conn.Read(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error reading unix socket: %v", err)
+	} else if n == 0 {
+		return "", errors.New("empty data response")
+	}
+	conn.Write([]byte{1}) // Ack
+
+	var addr string
+	if addrs := strings.Split(string(data[:n]), "\n"); len(addrs) != 2 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("got %q, wanted 2 addresses", data[:n])
+	} else if c.insecure {
+		addr = addrs[1]
+	} else {
+		addr = addrs[0]
+	}
+	return addr, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) startProxy() error {
+	cmd := exec.Command(c.ProxyBin)
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer stdout.Close()
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	result := make(chan error)
+	go func() {
+		bytes, _, err := bufio.NewReader(stdout).ReadLine()
+		if line := string(bytes); err == nil && line != "OK" {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("proxy returned %q, want \"OK\"", line)
+		}
+		result <- err
+	}()
+	select {
+	case err := <-result:
+		return err
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		return errors.New("timeout waiting for proxy to start")
+	}
+	panic("not reachable")
+}
+
+func (c *Client) resolveArgs() error {
+	if nargs := len(c.Args); nargs == 0 {
+		return errors.New("remote needed")
+	} else if nargs > 2 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("want at most 2 args, got %v", c.Args)
+	}
+
+	// Rewrite the url scheme to be http.
+	idx := len(c.Args) - 1
+	rawurl := c.Args[idx]
+	rurl, err := url.Parse(rawurl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid remote: %v", err)
+	}
+	c.insecure = rurl.Scheme == "persistent-http"
+	rurl.Scheme = "http"
+	c.Args[idx] = rurl.String()
+	if idx != 0 && c.Args[0] == rawurl {
+		c.Args[0] = c.Args[idx]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/main.go b/contrib/persistent-https/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd1b107743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// The git-remote-persistent-https binary speeds up SSL operations by running
+// a daemon job that keeps a connection open to a Git server. This ensures the
+// git-remote-persistent-https--proxy is running and delegating execution
+// to the git-remote-http binary with the http_proxy set to the daemon job.
+// A unix socket is used to authenticate the proxy and discover the
+// HTTP address. Note, both the client and proxy are included in the same
+// binary.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var (
+	forceProxy = flag.Bool("proxy", false, "Whether to start the binary in proxy mode")
+	proxyBin   = flag.String("proxy_bin", "git-remote-persistent-https--proxy", "Path to the proxy binary")
+	printLabel = flag.Bool("print_label", false, "Prints the build label for the binary")
+
+	// Variable that should be defined through the -X linker flag.
+	_BUILD_EMBED_LABEL string
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultMaxIdleDuration    = 24 * time.Hour
+	defaultPollUpdateInterval = 15 * time.Minute
+)
+
+func main() {
+	flag.Parse()
+	if *printLabel {
+		// Short circuit execution to print the build label
+		fmt.Println(buildLabel())
+		return
+	}
+
+	var err error
+	if *forceProxy || strings.HasSuffix(os.Args[0], "--proxy") {
+		log.SetPrefix("git-remote-persistent-https--proxy: ")
+		proxy := &Proxy{
+			BuildLabel:         buildLabel(),
+			MaxIdleDuration:    defaultMaxIdleDuration,
+			PollUpdateInterval: defaultPollUpdateInterval,
+		}
+		err = proxy.Run()
+	} else {
+		log.SetPrefix("git-remote-persistent-https: ")
+		client := &Client{
+			ProxyBin: *proxyBin,
+			Args:     flag.Args(),
+		}
+		err = client.Run()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalln(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func buildLabel() string {
+	if _BUILD_EMBED_LABEL == "" {
+		log.Println(`unlabeled build; build with "make" to label`)
+	}
+	return _BUILD_EMBED_LABEL
+}
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/proxy.go b/contrib/persistent-https/proxy.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb0cdba386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/proxy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/signal"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type Proxy struct {
+	BuildLabel         string
+	MaxIdleDuration    time.Duration
+	PollUpdateInterval time.Duration
+
+	ul        net.Listener
+	httpAddr  string
+	httpsAddr string
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) Run() error {
+	hl, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("http listen failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer hl.Close()
+
+	hsl, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("https listen failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer hsl.Close()
+
+	p.ul, err = DefaultSocket.Listen()
+	if err != nil {
+		c, derr := DefaultSocket.Dial()
+		if derr == nil {
+			c.Close()
+			fmt.Println("OK\nA proxy is already running... exiting")
+			return nil
+		} else if e, ok := derr.(*net.OpError); ok && e.Err == syscall.ECONNREFUSED {
+			// Nothing is listening on the socket, unlink it and try again.
+			syscall.Unlink(DefaultSocket.Path())
+			p.ul, err = DefaultSocket.Listen()
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unix listen failed on %v: %v", DefaultSocket.Path(), err)
+		}
+	}
+	defer p.ul.Close()
+	go p.closeOnSignal()
+	go p.closeOnUpdate()
+
+	p.httpAddr = hl.Addr().String()
+	p.httpsAddr = hsl.Addr().String()
+	fmt.Printf("OK\nListening on unix socket=%v http=%v https=%v\n",
+		p.ul.Addr(), p.httpAddr, p.httpsAddr)
+
+	result := make(chan error, 2)
+	go p.serveUnix(result)
+	go func() {
+		result <- http.Serve(hl, &httputil.ReverseProxy{
+			FlushInterval: 500 * time.Millisecond,
+			Director:      func(r *http.Request) {},
+		})
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		result <- http.Serve(hsl, &httputil.ReverseProxy{
+			FlushInterval: 500 * time.Millisecond,
+			Director: func(r *http.Request) {
+				r.URL.Scheme = "https"
+			},
+		})
+	}()
+	return <-result
+}
+
+type socketContext struct {
+	sync.WaitGroup
+	mutex sync.Mutex
+	last  time.Time
+}
+
+func (sc *socketContext) Done() {
+	sc.mutex.Lock()
+	defer sc.mutex.Unlock()
+	sc.last = time.Now()
+	sc.WaitGroup.Done()
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) serveUnix(result chan<- error) {
+	sockCtx := &socketContext{}
+	go p.closeOnIdle(sockCtx)
+
+	var err error
+	for {
+		var uconn net.Conn
+		uconn, err = p.ul.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("accept failed: %v", err)
+			break
+		}
+		sockCtx.Add(1)
+		go p.handleUnixConn(sockCtx, uconn)
+	}
+	sockCtx.Wait()
+	result <- err
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) handleUnixConn(sockCtx *socketContext, uconn net.Conn) {
+	defer sockCtx.Done()
+	defer uconn.Close()
+	data := []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%v\n%v", p.httpsAddr, p.httpAddr))
+	uconn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		if n, err := uconn.Write(data); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("error sending http addresses: %+v\n", err)
+			return
+		} else if n != len(data) {
+			log.Printf("sent %d data bytes, wanted %d\n", n, len(data))
+			return
+		}
+		if _, err := uconn.Read([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("error waiting for Ack: %+v\n", err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	// Wait without a deadline for the client to finish via EOF
+	uconn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
+	uconn.Read([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0})
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) closeOnIdle(sockCtx *socketContext) {
+	for d := p.MaxIdleDuration; d > 0; {
+		time.Sleep(d)
+		sockCtx.Wait()
+		sockCtx.mutex.Lock()
+		if d = sockCtx.last.Add(p.MaxIdleDuration).Sub(time.Now()); d <= 0 {
+			log.Println("graceful shutdown from idle timeout")
+			p.ul.Close()
+		}
+		sockCtx.mutex.Unlock()
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) closeOnUpdate() {
+	for {
+		time.Sleep(p.PollUpdateInterval)
+		if out, err := exec.Command(os.Args[0], "--print_label").Output(); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("error polling for updated binary: %v\n", err)
+		} else if s := string(out[:len(out)-1]); p.BuildLabel != s {
+			log.Printf("graceful shutdown from updated binary: %q --> %q\n", p.BuildLabel, s)
+			p.ul.Close()
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *Proxy) closeOnSignal() {
+	ch := make(chan os.Signal, 10)
+	signal.Notify(ch, os.Interrupt, os.Kill, os.Signal(syscall.SIGTERM), os.Signal(syscall.SIGHUP))
+	sig := <-ch
+	p.ul.Close()
+	switch sig {
+	case os.Signal(syscall.SIGHUP):
+		log.Printf("graceful shutdown from signal: %v\n", sig)
+	default:
+		log.Fatalf("exiting from signal: %v\n", sig)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/contrib/persistent-https/socket.go b/contrib/persistent-https/socket.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..193b911dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/persistent-https/socket.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// A Socket is a wrapper around a Unix socket that verifies directory
+// permissions.
+type Socket struct {
+	Dir string
+}
+
+func defaultDir() string {
+	sockPath := ".git-credential-cache"
+	if home := os.Getenv("HOME"); home != "" {
+		return filepath.Join(home, sockPath)
+	}
+	log.Printf("socket: cannot find HOME path. using relative directory %q for socket", sockPath)
+	return sockPath
+}
+
+// DefaultSocket is a Socket in the $HOME/.git-credential-cache directory.
+var DefaultSocket = Socket{Dir: defaultDir()}
+
+// Listen announces the local network address of the unix socket. The
+// permissions on the socket directory are verified before attempting
+// the actual listen.
+func (s Socket) Listen() (net.Listener, error) {
+	network, addr := "unix", s.Path()
+	if err := s.mkdir(); err != nil {
+		return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "listen", Net: network, Addr: &net.UnixAddr{Name: addr, Net: network}, Err: err}
+	}
+	return net.Listen(network, addr)
+}
+
+// Dial connects to the unix socket. The permissions on the socket directory
+// are verified before attempting the actual dial.
+func (s Socket) Dial() (net.Conn, error) {
+	network, addr := "unix", s.Path()
+	if err := s.checkPermissions(); err != nil {
+		return nil, &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Net: network, Addr: &net.UnixAddr{Name: addr, Net: network}, Err: err}
+	}
+	return net.Dial(network, addr)
+}
+
+// Path returns the fully specified file name of the unix socket.
+func (s Socket) Path() string {
+	return filepath.Join(s.Dir, "persistent-https-proxy-socket")
+}
+
+func (s Socket) mkdir() error {
+	if err := s.checkPermissions(); err == nil {
+		return nil
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(s.Dir, 0700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return s.checkPermissions()
+}
+
+func (s Socket) checkPermissions() error {
+	fi, err := os.Stat(s.Dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !fi.IsDir() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("socket: got file, want directory for %q", s.Dir)
+	}
+	if fi.Mode().Perm() != 0700 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("socket: got perm %o, want 700 for %q", fi.Mode().Perm(), s.Dir)
+	}
+	if st := fi.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t); int(st.Uid) != os.Getuid() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("socket: got uid %d, want %d for %q", st.Uid, os.Getuid(), s.Dir)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/README b/contrib/remote-helpers/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac72332517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/README
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+The remote-helper bridges to access data stored in Mercurial and
+Bazaar are maintained outside the git.git tree in the repositories
+of their primary author:
+
+    https://github.com/felipec/git-remote-hg (for Mercurial)
+    https://github.com/felipec/git-remote-bzr (for Bazaar)
+
+You can pick a directory on your $PATH and download them from these
+repositories, e.g.:
+
+  $ wget -O $HOME/bin/git-remote-hg \
+    https://raw.github.com/felipec/git-remote-hg/master/git-remote-hg
+  $ wget -O $HOME/bin/git-remote-bzr \
+    https://raw.github.com/felipec/git-remote-bzr/master/git-remote-bzr
+  $ chmod +x $HOME/bin/git-remote-hg $HOME/bin/git-remote-bzr
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..712a1377e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-bzr
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stderr.write('WARNING: git-remote-bzr is now maintained independently.\n')
+sys.stderr.write('WARNING: For more information visit https://github.com/felipec/git-remote-bzr\n')
+
+sys.stderr.write('''WARNING:
+WARNING: You can pick a directory on your $PATH and download it, e.g.:
+WARNING:   $ wget -O $HOME/bin/git-remote-bzr \\
+WARNING:     https://raw.github.com/felipec/git-remote-bzr/master/git-remote-bzr
+WARNING:   $ chmod +x $HOME/bin/git-remote-bzr
+''')
diff --git a/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4255ad6312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/remote-helpers/git-remote-hg
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import sys
+
+sys.stderr.write('WARNING: git-remote-hg is now maintained independently.\n')
+sys.stderr.write('WARNING: For more information visit https://github.com/felipec/git-remote-hg\n')
+
+sys.stderr.write('''WARNING:
+WARNING: You can pick a directory on your $PATH and download it, e.g.:
+WARNING:   $ wget -O $HOME/bin/git-remote-hg \\
+WARNING:     https://raw.github.com/felipec/git-remote-hg/master/git-remote-hg
+WARNING:   $ chmod +x $HOME/bin/git-remote-hg
+''')
diff --git a/contrib/rerere-train.sh b/contrib/rerere-train.sh
index 2cfe1b936b..36b6feebe0 100755
--- a/contrib/rerere-train.sh
+++ b/contrib/rerere-train.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ USAGE="$me rev-list-args"
 
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
-. git-sh-setup
+. $(git --exec-path)/git-sh-setup
 require_work_tree
 cd_to_toplevel
 
diff --git a/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl b/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
index 4b852e2455..9513f5e35b 100755
--- a/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
+++ b/contrib/stats/mailmap.pl
@@ -1,38 +1,70 @@
-#!/usr/bin/perl -w
-my %mailmap = ();
-open I, "<", ".mailmap";
-while (<I>) {
-	chomp;
-	next if /^#/;
-	if (my ($author, $mail) = /^(.*?)\s+<(.+)>$/) {
-		$mailmap{$mail} = $author;
-	}
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use warnings 'all';
+use strict;
+use Getopt::Long;
+
+my $match_emails;
+my $match_names;
+my $order_by = 'count';
+Getopt::Long::Configure(qw(bundling));
+GetOptions(
+	'emails|e!' => \$match_emails,
+	'names|n!'  => \$match_names,
+	'count|c'   => sub { $order_by = 'count' },
+	'time|t'    => sub { $order_by = 'stamp' },
+) or exit 1;
+$match_emails = 1 unless $match_names;
+
+my $email = {};
+my $name = {};
+
+open(my $fh, '-|', "git log --format='%at <%aE> %aN'");
+while(<$fh>) {
+	my ($t, $e, $n) = /(\S+) <(\S+)> (.*)/;
+	mark($email, $e, $n, $t);
+	mark($name, $n, $e, $t);
 }
-close I;
-
-my %mail2author = ();
-open I, "git log --pretty='format:%ae	%an' |";
-while (<I>) {
-	chomp;
-	my ($mail, $author) = split(/\t/, $_);
-	next if exists $mailmap{$mail};
-	$mail2author{$mail} ||= {};
-	$mail2author{$mail}{$author} ||= 0;
-	$mail2author{$mail}{$author}++;
+close($fh);
+
+if ($match_emails) {
+	foreach my $e (dups($email)) {
+		foreach my $n (vals($email->{$e})) {
+			show($n, $e, $email->{$e}->{$n});
+		}
+		print "\n";
+	}
 }
-close I;
-
-while (my ($mail, $authorcount) = each %mail2author) {
-	# %$authorcount is ($author => $count);
-	# sort and show the names from the most frequent ones.
-	my @names = (map { $_->[0] }
-		sort { $b->[1] <=> $a->[1] }
-		map { [$_, $authorcount->{$_}] }
-		keys %$authorcount);
-	if (1 < @names) {
-		for (@names) {
-			print "$_ <$mail>\n";
+if ($match_names) {
+	foreach my $n (dups($name)) {
+		foreach my $e (vals($name->{$n})) {
+			show($n, $e, $name->{$n}->{$e});
 		}
+		print "\n";
 	}
 }
+exit 0;
 
+sub mark {
+	my ($h, $k, $v, $t) = @_;
+	my $e = $h->{$k}->{$v} ||= { count => 0, stamp => 0 };
+	$e->{count}++;
+	$e->{stamp} = $t unless $t < $e->{stamp};
+}
+
+sub dups {
+	my $h = shift;
+	return grep { keys($h->{$_}) > 1 } keys($h);
+}
+
+sub vals {
+	my $h = shift;
+	return sort {
+		$h->{$b}->{$order_by} <=> $h->{$a}->{$order_by}
+	} keys($h);
+}
+
+sub show {
+	my ($n, $e, $h) = @_;
+	print "$n <$e> ($h->{$order_by})\n";
+}
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/.gitignore b/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b9381abca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+*~
+git-subtree
+git-subtree.1
+git-subtree.html
+git-subtree.xml
+mainline
+subproj
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/COPYING b/contrib/subtree/COPYING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d511905c16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+		       Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+			    Preamble
+
+  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
+if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
+rights.
+
+  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+distribute and/or modify the software.
+
+  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
+that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
+authors' reputations.
+
+  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
+patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
+program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
+program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
+patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
+under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
+refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
+means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
+that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
+either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
+language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
+the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
+
+Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
+covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
+running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
+is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
+Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
+Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
+
+  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
+source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
+conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
+copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
+notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
+and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
+along with the Program.
+
+You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
+you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
+
+  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
+of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
+distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
+above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+
+    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
+    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
+    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
+    parties under the terms of this License.
+
+    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
+    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
+    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
+    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
+    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
+    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
+    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
+    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
+    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
+    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+
+These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
+identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
+and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
+themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
+sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
+distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
+on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
+this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
+entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+
+Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
+your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
+exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
+collective works based on the Program.
+
+In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
+with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
+a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
+the scope of this License.
+
+  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
+under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
+    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
+    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
+    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
+    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
+    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
+    customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
+    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
+    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
+    received the program in object code or executable form with such
+    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
+
+The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
+making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
+code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
+associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
+control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
+special exception, the source code distributed need not include
+anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
+form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
+operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
+itself accompanies the executable.
+
+If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
+access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
+access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
+distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
+compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
+
+  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
+except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
+otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
+void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
+this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+
+  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
+signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
+distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
+prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
+modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
+all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
+the Program or works based on it.
+
+  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
+original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
+these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
+restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
+You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
+this License.
+
+  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
+infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
+conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
+distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
+may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
+license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
+all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
+the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
+refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
+
+If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
+any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
+apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
+circumstances.
+
+It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
+patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
+such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
+integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
+implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
+generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
+through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
+system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
+to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
+impose that choice.
+
+This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
+be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+
+  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
+certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
+original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
+may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
+those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
+countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
+the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
+
+  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
+specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
+later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
+this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+			    NO WARRANTY
+
+  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
+OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
+PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+	    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+    with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+    51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
+    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
+be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
+mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
+
+  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+
+  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+  Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+Public License instead of this License.
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/INSTALL b/contrib/subtree/INSTALL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ab0cf4509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/INSTALL
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+HOW TO INSTALL git-subtree
+==========================
+
+First, build from the top source directory.
+
+Then, in contrib/subtree, run:
+
+  make
+  make install
+  make install-doc
+
+If you used configure to do the main build the git-subtree build will
+pick up those settings.  If not, you will likely have to provide a
+value for prefix:
+
+  make prefix=<some dir>
+  make prefix=<some dir> install
+  make prefix=<some dir> install-doc
+
+To run tests first copy git-subtree to the main build area so the
+newly-built git can find it:
+
+  cp git-subtree ../..
+
+Then:
+
+  make test
+
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/Makefile b/contrib/subtree/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3071baf493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# The default target of this Makefile is...
+all::
+
+-include ../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../config.mak
+
+prefix ?= /usr/local
+gitexecdir ?= $(prefix)/libexec/git-core
+mandir ?= $(prefix)/share/man
+man1dir ?= $(mandir)/man1
+htmldir ?= $(prefix)/share/doc/git-doc
+
+../../GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
+	$(MAKE) -C ../../ GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+-include ../../GIT-VERSION-FILE
+
+# this should be set to a 'standard' bsd-type install program
+INSTALL  ?= install
+RM       ?= rm -f
+
+ASCIIDOC = asciidoc
+XMLTO    = xmlto
+
+ifndef SHELL_PATH
+	SHELL_PATH = /bin/sh
+endif
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+
+ASCIIDOC_CONF = ../../Documentation/asciidoc.conf
+MANPAGE_XSL   = ../../Documentation/manpage-normal.xsl
+
+GIT_SUBTREE_SH := git-subtree.sh
+GIT_SUBTREE    := git-subtree
+
+GIT_SUBTREE_DOC := git-subtree.1
+GIT_SUBTREE_XML := git-subtree.xml
+GIT_SUBTREE_TXT := git-subtree.txt
+GIT_SUBTREE_HTML := git-subtree.html
+
+all:: $(GIT_SUBTREE)
+
+$(GIT_SUBTREE): $(GIT_SUBTREE_SH)
+	sed -e '1s|#!.*/sh|#!$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)|' $< >$@
+	chmod +x $@
+
+doc: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC) $(GIT_SUBTREE_HTML)
+
+install: $(GIT_SUBTREE)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(gitexecdir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 755 $(GIT_SUBTREE) $(DESTDIR)$(gitexecdir)
+
+install-doc: install-man install-html
+
+install-man: $(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir)
+
+install-html: $(GIT_SUBTREE_HTML)
+	$(INSTALL) -d -m 755 $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+	$(INSTALL) -m 644 $^ $(DESTDIR)$(htmldir)
+
+$(GIT_SUBTREE_DOC): $(GIT_SUBTREE_XML)
+	$(XMLTO) -m $(MANPAGE_XSL) man $^
+
+$(GIT_SUBTREE_XML): $(GIT_SUBTREE_TXT)
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b docbook -d manpage -f $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $^
+
+$(GIT_SUBTREE_HTML): $(GIT_SUBTREE_TXT)
+	$(ASCIIDOC) -b xhtml11 -d manpage -f $(ASCIIDOC_CONF) \
+		-agit_version=$(GIT_VERSION) $^
+
+test:
+	$(MAKE) -C t/ test
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) $(GIT_SUBTREE)
+	$(RM) *.xml *.html *.1
+
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/README b/contrib/subtree/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c686b4a69b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/README
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+Please read git-subtree.txt for documentation.
+
+Please don't contact me using github mail; it's slow, ugly, and worst of
+all, redundant. Email me instead at apenwarr@gmail.com and I'll be happy to
+help.
+
+Avery
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fa1a5839af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,737 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# git-subtree.sh: split/join git repositories in subdirectories of this one
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2009 Avery Pennarun <apenwarr@gmail.com>
+#
+if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
+    set -- -h
+fi
+OPTS_SPEC="\
+git subtree add   --prefix=<prefix> <commit>
+git subtree add   --prefix=<prefix> <repository> <ref>
+git subtree merge --prefix=<prefix> <commit>
+git subtree pull  --prefix=<prefix> <repository> <ref>
+git subtree push  --prefix=<prefix> <repository> <ref>
+git subtree split --prefix=<prefix> <commit...>
+--
+h,help        show the help
+q             quiet
+d             show debug messages
+P,prefix=     the name of the subdir to split out
+m,message=    use the given message as the commit message for the merge commit
+ options for 'split'
+annotate=     add a prefix to commit message of new commits
+b,branch=     create a new branch from the split subtree
+ignore-joins  ignore prior --rejoin commits
+onto=         try connecting new tree to an existing one
+rejoin        merge the new branch back into HEAD
+ options for 'add', 'merge', 'pull' and 'push'
+squash        merge subtree changes as a single commit
+"
+eval "$(echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)"
+
+PATH=$PATH:$(git --exec-path)
+. git-sh-setup
+
+require_work_tree
+
+quiet=
+branch=
+debug=
+command=
+onto=
+rejoin=
+ignore_joins=
+annotate=
+squash=
+message=
+prefix=
+
+debug()
+{
+	if [ -n "$debug" ]; then
+		echo "$@" >&2
+	fi
+}
+
+say()
+{
+	if [ -z "$quiet" ]; then
+		echo "$@" >&2
+	fi
+}
+
+assert()
+{
+	if "$@"; then
+		:
+	else
+		die "assertion failed: " "$@"
+	fi
+}
+
+
+#echo "Options: $*"
+
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+	opt="$1"
+	shift
+	case "$opt" in
+		-q) quiet=1 ;;
+		-d) debug=1 ;;
+		--annotate) annotate="$1"; shift ;;
+		--no-annotate) annotate= ;;
+		-b) branch="$1"; shift ;;
+		-P) prefix="$1"; shift ;;
+		-m) message="$1"; shift ;;
+		--no-prefix) prefix= ;;
+		--onto) onto="$1"; shift ;;
+		--no-onto) onto= ;;
+		--rejoin) rejoin=1 ;;
+		--no-rejoin) rejoin= ;;
+		--ignore-joins) ignore_joins=1 ;;
+		--no-ignore-joins) ignore_joins= ;;
+		--squash) squash=1 ;;
+		--no-squash) squash= ;;
+		--) break ;;
+		*) die "Unexpected option: $opt" ;;
+	esac
+done
+
+command="$1"
+shift
+case "$command" in
+	add|merge|pull) default= ;;
+	split|push) default="--default HEAD" ;;
+	*) die "Unknown command '$command'" ;;
+esac
+
+if [ -z "$prefix" ]; then
+	die "You must provide the --prefix option."
+fi
+
+case "$command" in
+	add) [ -e "$prefix" ] && 
+		die "prefix '$prefix' already exists." ;;
+	*)   [ -e "$prefix" ] || 
+		die "'$prefix' does not exist; use 'git subtree add'" ;;
+esac
+
+dir="$(dirname "$prefix/.")"
+
+if [ "$command" != "pull" -a "$command" != "add" -a "$command" != "push" ]; then
+	revs=$(git rev-parse $default --revs-only "$@") || exit $?
+	dirs="$(git rev-parse --no-revs --no-flags "$@")" || exit $?
+	if [ -n "$dirs" ]; then
+		die "Error: Use --prefix instead of bare filenames."
+	fi
+fi
+
+debug "command: {$command}"
+debug "quiet: {$quiet}"
+debug "revs: {$revs}"
+debug "dir: {$dir}"
+debug "opts: {$*}"
+debug
+
+cache_setup()
+{
+	cachedir="$GIT_DIR/subtree-cache/$$"
+	rm -rf "$cachedir" || die "Can't delete old cachedir: $cachedir"
+	mkdir -p "$cachedir" || die "Can't create new cachedir: $cachedir"
+	mkdir -p "$cachedir/notree" || die "Can't create new cachedir: $cachedir/notree"
+	debug "Using cachedir: $cachedir" >&2
+}
+
+cache_get()
+{
+	for oldrev in $*; do
+		if [ -r "$cachedir/$oldrev" ]; then
+			read newrev <"$cachedir/$oldrev"
+			echo $newrev
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+cache_miss()
+{
+	for oldrev in $*; do
+		if [ ! -r "$cachedir/$oldrev" ]; then
+			echo $oldrev
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+check_parents()
+{
+	missed=$(cache_miss $*)
+	for miss in $missed; do
+		if [ ! -r "$cachedir/notree/$miss" ]; then
+			debug "  incorrect order: $miss"
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+set_notree()
+{
+	echo "1" > "$cachedir/notree/$1"
+}
+
+cache_set()
+{
+	oldrev="$1"
+	newrev="$2"
+	if [ "$oldrev" != "latest_old" \
+	     -a "$oldrev" != "latest_new" \
+	     -a -e "$cachedir/$oldrev" ]; then
+		die "cache for $oldrev already exists!"
+	fi
+	echo "$newrev" >"$cachedir/$oldrev"
+}
+
+rev_exists()
+{
+	if git rev-parse "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		return 0
+	else
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+rev_is_descendant_of_branch()
+{
+	newrev="$1"
+	branch="$2"
+	branch_hash=$(git rev-parse $branch)
+	match=$(git rev-list -1 $branch_hash ^$newrev)
+
+	if [ -z "$match" ]; then
+		return 0
+	else
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# if a commit doesn't have a parent, this might not work.  But we only want
+# to remove the parent from the rev-list, and since it doesn't exist, it won't
+# be there anyway, so do nothing in that case.
+try_remove_previous()
+{
+	if rev_exists "$1^"; then
+		echo "^$1^"
+	fi
+}
+
+find_latest_squash()
+{
+	debug "Looking for latest squash ($dir)..."
+	dir="$1"
+	sq=
+	main=
+	sub=
+	git log --grep="^git-subtree-dir: $dir/*\$" \
+		--pretty=format:'START %H%n%s%n%n%b%nEND%n' HEAD |
+	while read a b junk; do
+		debug "$a $b $junk"
+		debug "{{$sq/$main/$sub}}"
+		case "$a" in
+			START) sq="$b" ;;
+			git-subtree-mainline:) main="$b" ;;
+			git-subtree-split:) sub="$b" ;;
+			END)
+				if [ -n "$sub" ]; then
+					if [ -n "$main" ]; then
+						# a rejoin commit?
+						# Pretend its sub was a squash.
+						sq="$sub"
+					fi
+					debug "Squash found: $sq $sub"
+					echo "$sq" "$sub"
+					break
+				fi
+				sq=
+				main=
+				sub=
+				;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+find_existing_splits()
+{
+	debug "Looking for prior splits..."
+	dir="$1"
+	revs="$2"
+	main=
+	sub=
+	git log --grep="^git-subtree-dir: $dir/*\$" \
+		--pretty=format:'START %H%n%s%n%n%b%nEND%n' $revs |
+	while read a b junk; do
+		case "$a" in
+			START) sq="$b" ;;
+			git-subtree-mainline:) main="$b" ;;
+			git-subtree-split:) sub="$b" ;;
+			END)
+				debug "  Main is: '$main'"
+				if [ -z "$main" -a -n "$sub" ]; then
+					# squash commits refer to a subtree
+					debug "  Squash: $sq from $sub"
+					cache_set "$sq" "$sub"
+				fi
+				if [ -n "$main" -a -n "$sub" ]; then
+					debug "  Prior: $main -> $sub"
+					cache_set $main $sub
+					cache_set $sub $sub
+					try_remove_previous "$main"
+					try_remove_previous "$sub"
+				fi
+				main=
+				sub=
+				;;
+		esac
+	done
+}
+
+copy_commit()
+{
+	# We're going to set some environment vars here, so
+	# do it in a subshell to get rid of them safely later
+	debug copy_commit "{$1}" "{$2}" "{$3}"
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:'%an%n%ae%n%ad%n%cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%B' "$1" |
+	(
+		read GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
+		read GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+		read GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+		read GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
+		read GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL
+		read GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		export  GIT_AUTHOR_NAME \
+			GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL \
+			GIT_AUTHOR_DATE \
+			GIT_COMMITTER_NAME \
+			GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL \
+			GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		(printf "%s" "$annotate"; cat ) |
+		git commit-tree "$2" $3  # reads the rest of stdin
+	) || die "Can't copy commit $1"
+}
+
+add_msg()
+{
+	dir="$1"
+	latest_old="$2"
+	latest_new="$3"
+	if [ -n "$message" ]; then
+		commit_message="$message"
+	else
+		commit_message="Add '$dir/' from commit '$latest_new'"
+	fi
+	cat <<-EOF
+		$commit_message
+		
+		git-subtree-dir: $dir
+		git-subtree-mainline: $latest_old
+		git-subtree-split: $latest_new
+	EOF
+}
+
+add_squashed_msg()
+{
+	if [ -n "$message" ]; then
+		echo "$message"
+	else
+		echo "Merge commit '$1' as '$2'"
+	fi
+}
+
+rejoin_msg()
+{
+	dir="$1"
+	latest_old="$2"
+	latest_new="$3"
+	if [ -n "$message" ]; then
+		commit_message="$message"
+	else
+		commit_message="Split '$dir/' into commit '$latest_new'"
+	fi
+	cat <<-EOF
+		$commit_message
+		
+		git-subtree-dir: $dir
+		git-subtree-mainline: $latest_old
+		git-subtree-split: $latest_new
+	EOF
+}
+
+squash_msg()
+{
+	dir="$1"
+	oldsub="$2"
+	newsub="$3"
+	newsub_short=$(git rev-parse --short "$newsub")
+	
+	if [ -n "$oldsub" ]; then
+		oldsub_short=$(git rev-parse --short "$oldsub")
+		echo "Squashed '$dir/' changes from $oldsub_short..$newsub_short"
+		echo
+		git log --pretty=tformat:'%h %s' "$oldsub..$newsub"
+		git log --pretty=tformat:'REVERT: %h %s' "$newsub..$oldsub"
+	else
+		echo "Squashed '$dir/' content from commit $newsub_short"
+	fi
+	
+	echo
+	echo "git-subtree-dir: $dir"
+	echo "git-subtree-split: $newsub"
+}
+
+toptree_for_commit()
+{
+	commit="$1"
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:'%T' "$commit" -- || exit $?
+}
+
+subtree_for_commit()
+{
+	commit="$1"
+	dir="$2"
+	git ls-tree "$commit" -- "$dir" |
+	while read mode type tree name; do
+		assert [ "$name" = "$dir" ]
+		assert [ "$type" = "tree" -o "$type" = "commit" ]
+		[ "$type" = "commit" ] && continue  # ignore submodules
+		echo $tree
+		break
+	done
+}
+
+tree_changed()
+{
+	tree=$1
+	shift
+	if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
+		return 0   # weird parents, consider it changed
+	else
+		ptree=$(toptree_for_commit $1)
+		if [ "$ptree" != "$tree" ]; then
+			return 0   # changed
+		else
+			return 1   # not changed
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+new_squash_commit()
+{
+	old="$1"
+	oldsub="$2"
+	newsub="$3"
+	tree=$(toptree_for_commit $newsub) || exit $?
+	if [ -n "$old" ]; then
+		squash_msg "$dir" "$oldsub" "$newsub" | 
+			git commit-tree "$tree" -p "$old" || exit $?
+	else
+		squash_msg "$dir" "" "$newsub" |
+			git commit-tree "$tree" || exit $?
+	fi
+}
+
+copy_or_skip()
+{
+	rev="$1"
+	tree="$2"
+	newparents="$3"
+	assert [ -n "$tree" ]
+
+	identical=
+	nonidentical=
+	p=
+	gotparents=
+	for parent in $newparents; do
+		ptree=$(toptree_for_commit $parent) || exit $?
+		[ -z "$ptree" ] && continue
+		if [ "$ptree" = "$tree" ]; then
+			# an identical parent could be used in place of this rev.
+			identical="$parent"
+		else
+			nonidentical="$parent"
+		fi
+		
+		# sometimes both old parents map to the same newparent;
+		# eliminate duplicates
+		is_new=1
+		for gp in $gotparents; do
+			if [ "$gp" = "$parent" ]; then
+				is_new=
+				break
+			fi
+		done
+		if [ -n "$is_new" ]; then
+			gotparents="$gotparents $parent"
+			p="$p -p $parent"
+		fi
+	done
+	
+	if [ -n "$identical" ]; then
+		echo $identical
+	else
+		copy_commit $rev $tree "$p" || exit $?
+	fi
+}
+
+ensure_clean()
+{
+	if ! git diff-index HEAD --exit-code --quiet 2>&1; then
+		die "Working tree has modifications.  Cannot add."
+	fi
+	if ! git diff-index --cached HEAD --exit-code --quiet 2>&1; then
+		die "Index has modifications.  Cannot add."
+	fi
+}
+
+ensure_valid_ref_format()
+{
+	git check-ref-format "refs/heads/$1" ||
+	    die "'$1' does not look like a ref"
+}
+
+cmd_add()
+{
+	if [ -e "$dir" ]; then
+		die "'$dir' already exists.  Cannot add."
+	fi
+
+	ensure_clean
+	
+	if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
+	    git rev-parse -q --verify "$1^{commit}" >/dev/null ||
+	    die "'$1' does not refer to a commit"
+
+	    "cmd_add_commit" "$@"
+	elif [ $# -eq 2 ]; then
+	    # Technically we could accept a refspec here but we're
+	    # just going to turn around and add FETCH_HEAD under the
+	    # specified directory.  Allowing a refspec might be
+	    # misleading because we won't do anything with any other
+	    # branches fetched via the refspec.
+	    ensure_valid_ref_format "$2"
+
+	    "cmd_add_repository" "$@"
+	else
+	    say "error: parameters were '$@'"
+	    die "Provide either a commit or a repository and commit."
+	fi
+}
+
+cmd_add_repository()
+{
+	echo "git fetch" "$@"
+	repository=$1
+	refspec=$2
+	git fetch "$@" || exit $?
+	revs=FETCH_HEAD
+	set -- $revs
+	cmd_add_commit "$@"
+}
+
+cmd_add_commit()
+{
+	revs=$(git rev-parse $default --revs-only "$@") || exit $?
+	set -- $revs
+	rev="$1"
+	
+	debug "Adding $dir as '$rev'..."
+	git read-tree --prefix="$dir" $rev || exit $?
+	git checkout -- "$dir" || exit $?
+	tree=$(git write-tree) || exit $?
+	
+	headrev=$(git rev-parse HEAD) || exit $?
+	if [ -n "$headrev" -a "$headrev" != "$rev" ]; then
+		headp="-p $headrev"
+	else
+		headp=
+	fi
+	
+	if [ -n "$squash" ]; then
+		rev=$(new_squash_commit "" "" "$rev") || exit $?
+		commit=$(add_squashed_msg "$rev" "$dir" |
+			 git commit-tree $tree $headp -p "$rev") || exit $?
+	else
+		revp=$(peel_committish "$rev") &&
+		commit=$(add_msg "$dir" "$headrev" "$rev" |
+			 git commit-tree $tree $headp -p "$revp") || exit $?
+	fi
+	git reset "$commit" || exit $?
+	
+	say "Added dir '$dir'"
+}
+
+cmd_split()
+{
+	debug "Splitting $dir..."
+	cache_setup || exit $?
+	
+	if [ -n "$onto" ]; then
+		debug "Reading history for --onto=$onto..."
+		git rev-list $onto |
+		while read rev; do
+			# the 'onto' history is already just the subdir, so
+			# any parent we find there can be used verbatim
+			debug "  cache: $rev"
+			cache_set $rev $rev
+		done
+	fi
+	
+	if [ -n "$ignore_joins" ]; then
+		unrevs=
+	else
+		unrevs="$(find_existing_splits "$dir" "$revs")"
+	fi
+	
+	# We can't restrict rev-list to only $dir here, because some of our
+	# parents have the $dir contents the root, and those won't match.
+	# (and rev-list --follow doesn't seem to solve this)
+	grl='git rev-list --topo-order --reverse --parents $revs $unrevs'
+	revmax=$(eval "$grl" | wc -l)
+	revcount=0
+	createcount=0
+	eval "$grl" |
+	while read rev parents; do
+		revcount=$(($revcount + 1))
+		say -n "$revcount/$revmax ($createcount)
"
+		debug "Processing commit: $rev"
+		exists=$(cache_get $rev)
+		if [ -n "$exists" ]; then
+			debug "  prior: $exists"
+			continue
+		fi
+		createcount=$(($createcount + 1))
+		debug "  parents: $parents"
+		newparents=$(cache_get $parents)
+		debug "  newparents: $newparents"
+		
+		tree=$(subtree_for_commit $rev "$dir")
+		debug "  tree is: $tree"
+
+		check_parents $parents
+		
+		# ugly.  is there no better way to tell if this is a subtree
+		# vs. a mainline commit?  Does it matter?
+		if [ -z $tree ]; then
+			set_notree $rev
+			if [ -n "$newparents" ]; then
+				cache_set $rev $rev
+			fi
+			continue
+		fi
+
+		newrev=$(copy_or_skip "$rev" "$tree" "$newparents") || exit $?
+		debug "  newrev is: $newrev"
+		cache_set $rev $newrev
+		cache_set latest_new $newrev
+		cache_set latest_old $rev
+	done || exit $?
+	latest_new=$(cache_get latest_new)
+	if [ -z "$latest_new" ]; then
+		die "No new revisions were found"
+	fi
+	
+	if [ -n "$rejoin" ]; then
+		debug "Merging split branch into HEAD..."
+		latest_old=$(cache_get latest_old)
+		git merge -s ours \
+			-m "$(rejoin_msg $dir $latest_old $latest_new)" \
+			$latest_new >&2 || exit $?
+	fi
+	if [ -n "$branch" ]; then
+		if rev_exists "refs/heads/$branch"; then
+			if ! rev_is_descendant_of_branch $latest_new $branch; then
+				die "Branch '$branch' is not an ancestor of commit '$latest_new'."
+			fi
+			action='Updated'
+		else
+			action='Created'
+		fi
+		git update-ref -m 'subtree split' "refs/heads/$branch" $latest_new || exit $?
+		say "$action branch '$branch'"
+	fi
+	echo $latest_new
+	exit 0
+}
+
+cmd_merge()
+{
+	revs=$(git rev-parse $default --revs-only "$@") || exit $?
+	ensure_clean
+	
+	set -- $revs
+	if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
+		die "You must provide exactly one revision.  Got: '$revs'"
+	fi
+	rev="$1"
+	
+	if [ -n "$squash" ]; then
+		first_split="$(find_latest_squash "$dir")"
+		if [ -z "$first_split" ]; then
+			die "Can't squash-merge: '$dir' was never added."
+		fi
+		set $first_split
+		old=$1
+		sub=$2
+		if [ "$sub" = "$rev" ]; then
+			say "Subtree is already at commit $rev."
+			exit 0
+		fi
+		new=$(new_squash_commit "$old" "$sub" "$rev") || exit $?
+		debug "New squash commit: $new"
+		rev="$new"
+	fi
+
+	version=$(git version)
+	if [ "$version" \< "git version 1.7" ]; then
+		if [ -n "$message" ]; then
+			git merge -s subtree --message="$message" $rev
+		else
+			git merge -s subtree $rev
+		fi
+	else
+		if [ -n "$message" ]; then
+			git merge -Xsubtree="$prefix" --message="$message" $rev
+		else
+			git merge -Xsubtree="$prefix" $rev
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+cmd_pull()
+{
+	if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
+	    die "You must provide <repository> <ref>"
+	fi
+	ensure_clean
+	ensure_valid_ref_format "$2"
+	git fetch "$@" || exit $?
+	revs=FETCH_HEAD
+	set -- $revs
+	cmd_merge "$@"
+}
+
+cmd_push()
+{
+	if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
+	    die "You must provide <repository> <ref>"
+	fi
+	ensure_valid_ref_format "$2"
+	if [ -e "$dir" ]; then
+	    repository=$1
+	    refspec=$2
+	    echo "git push using: " $repository $refspec
+	    localrev=$(git subtree split --prefix="$prefix") || die
+	    git push $repository $localrev:refs/heads/$refspec
+	else
+	    die "'$dir' must already exist. Try 'git subtree add'."
+	fi
+}
+
+"cmd_$command" "$@"
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54e4b4a243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/git-subtree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+git-subtree(1)
+==============
+
+NAME
+----
+git-subtree - Merge subtrees together and split repository into subtrees
+
+
+SYNOPSIS
+--------
+[verse]
+'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <commit>
+'git subtree' add   -P <prefix> <repository> <ref>
+'git subtree' pull  -P <prefix> <repository> <ref>
+'git subtree' push  -P <prefix> <repository> <ref>
+'git subtree' merge -P <prefix> <commit>
+'git subtree' split -P <prefix> [OPTIONS] [<commit>]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+-----------
+Subtrees allow subprojects to be included within a subdirectory
+of the main project, optionally including the subproject's
+entire history.
+
+For example, you could include the source code for a library
+as a subdirectory of your application.
+
+Subtrees are not to be confused with submodules, which are meant for
+the same task. Unlike submodules, subtrees do not need any special
+constructions (like .gitmodule files or gitlinks) be present in
+your repository, and do not force end-users of your
+repository to do anything special or to understand how subtrees
+work. A subtree is just a subdirectory that can be
+committed to, branched, and merged along with your project in
+any way you want.
+
+They are also not to be confused with using the subtree merge
+strategy. The main difference is that, besides merging
+the other project as a subdirectory, you can also extract the
+entire history of a subdirectory from your project and make it
+into a standalone project. Unlike the subtree merge strategy
+you can alternate back and forth between these
+two operations. If the standalone library gets updated, you can
+automatically merge the changes into your project; if you
+update the library inside your project, you can "split" the
+changes back out again and merge them back into the library
+project.
+
+For example, if a library you made for one application ends up being
+useful elsewhere, you can extract its entire history and publish
+that as its own git repository, without accidentally
+intermingling the history of your application project.
+
+[TIP]
+In order to keep your commit messages clean, we recommend that
+people split their commits between the subtrees and the main
+project as much as possible.  That is, if you make a change that
+affects both the library and the main application, commit it in
+two pieces.  That way, when you split the library commits out
+later, their descriptions will still make sense.  But if this
+isn't important to you, it's not *necessary*.  git subtree will
+simply leave out the non-library-related parts of the commit
+when it splits it out into the subproject later.
+
+
+COMMANDS
+--------
+add::
+	Create the <prefix> subtree by importing its contents
+	from the given <commit> or <repository> and remote <ref>.
+	A new commit is created	automatically, joining the imported
+	project's history with your own.  With '--squash', imports
+	only a single commit from the subproject, rather than its
+	entire history.
+
+merge::
+	Merge recent changes up to <commit> into the <prefix>
+	subtree.  As with normal 'git merge', this doesn't
+	remove your own local changes; it just merges those
+	changes into the latest <commit>.  With '--squash',
+	creates only one commit that contains all the changes,
+	rather than merging in the entire history.
++
+If you use '--squash', the merge direction doesn't always have to be
+forward; you can use this command to go back in time from v2.5 to v2.4,
+for example.  If your merge introduces a conflict, you can resolve it in
+the usual ways.
+	
+pull::
+	Exactly like 'merge', but parallels 'git pull' in that
+	it fetches the given ref from the specified remote
+	repository.
+	
+push::
+	Does a 'split' (see below) using the <prefix> supplied
+	and then does a 'git push' to push the result to the 
+	repository and ref. This can be used to push your
+	subtree to different branches of the remote repository.
+
+split::
+	Extract a new, synthetic project history from the
+	history of the <prefix> subtree.  The new history
+	includes only the commits (including merges) that
+	affected <prefix>, and each of those commits now has the
+	contents of <prefix> at the root of the project instead
+	of in a subdirectory.  Thus, the newly created history
+	is suitable for export as a separate git repository.
++
+After splitting successfully, a single commit id is printed to stdout.
+This corresponds to the HEAD of the newly created tree, which you can
+manipulate however you want.
++
+Repeated splits of exactly the same history are guaranteed to be
+identical (i.e. to produce the same commit ids).  Because of this, if
+you add new commits and then re-split, the new commits will be attached
+as commits on top of the history you generated last time, so 'git merge'
+and friends will work as expected.
++
+Note that if you use '--squash' when you merge, you should usually not
+just '--rejoin' when you split.
+
+
+OPTIONS
+-------
+-q::
+--quiet::
+	Suppress unnecessary output messages on stderr.
+
+-d::
+--debug::
+	Produce even more unnecessary output messages on stderr.
+
+-P <prefix>::
+--prefix=<prefix>::
+	Specify the path in the repository to the subtree you
+	want to manipulate.  This option is mandatory
+	for all commands.
+
+-m <message>::
+--message=<message>::
+	This option is only valid for add, merge and pull (unsure).
+	Specify <message> as the commit message for the merge commit.
+
+
+OPTIONS FOR add, merge, push, pull
+----------------------------------
+--squash::
+	This option is only valid for add, merge, push and pull
+	commands.
++
+Instead of merging the entire history from the subtree project, produce
+only a single commit that contains all the differences you want to
+merge, and then merge that new commit into your project.
++
+Using this option helps to reduce log clutter. People rarely want to see
+every change that happened between v1.0 and v1.1 of the library they're
+using, since none of the interim versions were ever included in their
+application.
++
+Using '--squash' also helps avoid problems when the same subproject is
+included multiple times in the same project, or is removed and then
+re-added.  In such a case, it doesn't make sense to combine the
+histories anyway, since it's unclear which part of the history belongs
+to which subtree.
++
+Furthermore, with '--squash', you can switch back and forth between
+different versions of a subtree, rather than strictly forward.  'git
+subtree merge --squash' always adjusts the subtree to match the exactly
+specified commit, even if getting to that commit would require undoing
+some changes that were added earlier.
++
+Whether or not you use '--squash', changes made in your local repository
+remain intact and can be later split and send upstream to the
+subproject.
+
+
+OPTIONS FOR split
+-----------------
+--annotate=<annotation>::
+	This option is only valid for the split command.
++
+When generating synthetic history, add <annotation> as a prefix to each
+commit message.  Since we're creating new commits with the same commit
+message, but possibly different content, from the original commits, this
+can help to differentiate them and avoid confusion.
++
+Whenever you split, you need to use the same <annotation>, or else you
+don't have a guarantee that the new re-created history will be identical
+to the old one.  That will prevent merging from working correctly.  git
+subtree tries to make it work anyway, particularly if you use --rejoin,
+but it may not always be effective.
+
+-b <branch>::
+--branch=<branch>::
+	This option is only valid for the split command.
++
+After generating the synthetic history, create a new branch called
+<branch> that contains the new history.  This is suitable for immediate
+pushing upstream.  <branch> must not already exist.
+
+--ignore-joins::
+	This option is only valid for the split command.
++
+If you use '--rejoin', git subtree attempts to optimize its history
+reconstruction to generate only the new commits since the last
+'--rejoin'.  '--ignore-join' disables this behaviour, forcing it to
+regenerate the entire history.  In a large project, this can take a long
+time.
+
+--onto=<onto>::
+	This option is only valid for the split command.
++
+If your subtree was originally imported using something other than git
+subtree, its history may not match what git subtree is expecting.  In
+that case, you can specify the commit id <onto> that corresponds to the
+first revision of the subproject's history that was imported into your
+project, and git subtree will attempt to build its history from there.
++
+If you used 'git subtree add', you should never need this option.
+
+--rejoin::
+	This option is only valid for the split command.
++
+After splitting, merge the newly created synthetic history back into
+your main project.  That way, future splits can search only the part of
+history that has been added since the most recent --rejoin.
++
+If your split commits end up merged into the upstream subproject, and
+then you want to get the latest upstream version, this will allow git's
+merge algorithm to more intelligently avoid conflicts (since it knows
+these synthetic commits are already part of the upstream repository).
++
+Unfortunately, using this option results in 'git log' showing an extra
+copy of every new commit that was created (the original, and the
+synthetic one).
++
+If you do all your merges with '--squash', don't use '--rejoin' when you
+split, because you don't want the subproject's history to be part of
+your project anyway.
+
+
+EXAMPLE 1. Add command
+----------------------
+Let's assume that you have a local repository that you would like
+to add an external vendor library to. In this case we will add the
+git-subtree repository as a subdirectory of your already existing
+git-extensions repository in ~/git-extensions/:
+
+	$ git subtree add --prefix=git-subtree --squash \
+		git://github.com/apenwarr/git-subtree.git master
+
+'master' needs to be a valid remote ref and can be a different branch
+name
+
+You can omit the --squash flag, but doing so will increase the number
+of commits that are included in your local repository.
+
+We now have a ~/git-extensions/git-subtree directory containing code
+from the master branch of git://github.com/apenwarr/git-subtree.git
+in our git-extensions repository.
+
+EXAMPLE 2. Extract a subtree using commit, merge and pull
+---------------------------------------------------------
+Let's use the repository for the git source code as an example.
+First, get your own copy of the git.git repository:
+
+	$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git test-git
+	$ cd test-git
+
+gitweb (commit 1130ef3) was merged into git as of commit
+0a8f4f0, after which it was no longer maintained separately. 
+But imagine it had been maintained separately, and we wanted to
+extract git's changes to gitweb since that time, to share with
+the upstream.  You could do this:
+
+	$ git subtree split --prefix=gitweb --annotate='(split) ' \
+        	0a8f4f0^.. --onto=1130ef3 --rejoin \
+        	--branch gitweb-latest
+        $ gitk gitweb-latest
+        $ git push git@github.com:whatever/gitweb.git gitweb-latest:master
+        
+(We use '0a8f4f0^..' because that means "all the changes from
+0a8f4f0 to the current version, including 0a8f4f0 itself.")
+
+If gitweb had originally been merged using 'git subtree add' (or
+a previous split had already been done with --rejoin specified)
+then you can do all your splits without having to remember any
+weird commit ids:
+
+	$ git subtree split --prefix=gitweb --annotate='(split) ' --rejoin \
+		--branch gitweb-latest2
+
+And you can merge changes back in from the upstream project just
+as easily:
+
+	$ git subtree pull --prefix=gitweb \
+		git@github.com:whatever/gitweb.git master
+
+Or, using '--squash', you can actually rewind to an earlier
+version of gitweb:
+
+	$ git subtree merge --prefix=gitweb --squash gitweb-latest~10
+
+Then make some changes:
+
+	$ date >gitweb/myfile
+	$ git add gitweb/myfile
+	$ git commit -m 'created myfile'
+
+And fast forward again:
+
+	$ git subtree merge --prefix=gitweb --squash gitweb-latest
+
+And notice that your change is still intact:
+	
+	$ ls -l gitweb/myfile
+
+And you can split it out and look at your changes versus
+the standard gitweb:
+
+	git log gitweb-latest..$(git subtree split --prefix=gitweb)
+
+EXAMPLE 3. Extract a subtree using branch
+-----------------------------------------
+Suppose you have a source directory with many files and
+subdirectories, and you want to extract the lib directory to its own
+git project. Here's a short way to do it:
+
+First, make the new repository wherever you want:
+
+	$ <go to the new location>
+	$ git init --bare
+
+Back in your original directory:
+
+	$ git subtree split --prefix=lib --annotate="(split)" -b split
+
+Then push the new branch onto the new empty repository:
+
+	$ git push <new-repo> split:master
+
+
+AUTHOR
+------
+Written by Avery Pennarun <apenwarr@gmail.com>
+
+
+GIT
+---
+Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/t/Makefile b/contrib/subtree/t/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c864810389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/t/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Run tests
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
+#
+
+-include ../../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../../config.mak
+
+#GIT_TEST_OPTS=--verbose --debug
+SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
+PERL_PATH ?= /usr/bin/perl
+TAR ?= $(TAR)
+RM ?= rm -f
+PROVE ?= prove
+DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET ?= test
+
+# Shell quote;
+SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+
+T = $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh)
+
+all: $(DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET)
+
+test: pre-clean $(TEST_LINT)
+	$(MAKE) aggregate-results-and-cleanup
+
+prove: pre-clean $(TEST_LINT)
+	@echo "*** prove ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config $(PROVE) --exec '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $(GIT_PROVE_OPTS) $(T) :: $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
+	$(MAKE) clean
+
+$(T):
+	@echo "*** $@ ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $@ $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
+
+pre-clean:
+	$(RM) -r test-results
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* test-results
+	$(RM) -r valgrind/bin
+	$(RM) .prove
+
+test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable
+
+test-lint-duplicates:
+	@dups=`echo $(T) | tr ' ' '\n' | sed 's/-.*//' | sort | uniq -d` && \
+		test -z "$$dups" || { \
+		echo >&2 "duplicate test numbers:" $$dups; exit 1; }
+
+test-lint-executable:
+	@bad=`for i in $(T); do test -x "$$i" || echo $$i; done` && \
+		test -z "$$bad" || { \
+		echo >&2 "non-executable tests:" $$bad; exit 1; }
+
+aggregate-results-and-cleanup: $(T)
+	$(MAKE) aggregate-results
+	$(MAKE) clean
+
+aggregate-results:
+	for f in ../../../t/test-results/t*-*.counts; do \
+		echo "$$f"; \
+	done | '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ../../../t/aggregate-results.sh
+
+valgrind:
+	$(MAKE) GIT_TEST_OPTS="$(GIT_TEST_OPTS) --valgrind"
+
+test-results:
+	mkdir -p test-results
+
+.PHONY: pre-clean $(T) aggregate-results clean valgrind
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6309d124ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/t/t7900-subtree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Avery Pennaraum
+#
+test_description='Basic porcelain support for subtrees
+
+This test verifies the basic operation of the merge, pull, add
+and split subcommands of git subtree.
+'
+
+TEST_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)/../../../t
+export TEST_DIRECTORY
+
+. ../../../t/test-lib.sh
+
+create()
+{
+	echo "$1" >"$1"
+	git add "$1"
+}
+
+
+check_equal()
+{
+	test_debug 'echo'
+	test_debug "echo \"check a:\" \"{$1}\""
+	test_debug "echo \"      b:\" \"{$2}\""
+	if [ "$1" = "$2" ]; then
+		return 0
+	else
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+fixnl()
+{
+	t=""
+	while read x; do
+		t="$t$x "
+	done
+	echo $t
+}
+
+multiline()
+{
+	while read x; do
+		set -- $x
+		for d in "$@"; do
+			echo "$d"
+		done
+	done
+}
+
+undo()
+{
+	git reset --hard HEAD~
+}
+
+last_commit_message()
+{
+	git log --pretty=format:%s -1
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'init subproj' '
+        test_create_repo subproj
+'
+
+# To the subproject!
+cd subproj
+
+test_expect_success 'add sub1' '
+        create sub1 &&
+        git commit -m "sub1" &&
+        git branch sub1 &&
+        git branch -m master subproj
+'
+
+# Save this hash for testing later.
+
+subdir_hash=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+
+test_expect_success 'add sub2' '
+        create sub2 &&
+        git commit -m "sub2" &&
+        git branch sub2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add sub3' '
+        create sub3 &&
+        git commit -m "sub3" &&
+        git branch sub3
+'
+
+# Back to mainline
+cd ..
+
+test_expect_success 'add main4' '
+        create main4 &&
+        git commit -m "main4" &&
+        git branch -m master mainline &&
+        git branch subdir
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch subproj history' '
+        git fetch ./subproj sub1 &&
+        git branch sub1 FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no subtree exists in main tree' '
+        test_must_fail git subtree merge --prefix=subdir sub1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no pull from non-existant subtree' '
+        test_must_fail git subtree pull --prefix=subdir ./subproj sub1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if --message works for add' '
+        git subtree add --prefix=subdir --message="Added subproject" sub1 &&
+        check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject" &&
+        undo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if --message works as -m and --prefix as -P' '
+        git subtree add -P subdir -m "Added subproject using git subtree" sub1 &&
+        check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject using git subtree" &&
+        undo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if --message works with squash too' '
+        git subtree add -P subdir -m "Added subproject with squash" --squash sub1 &&
+        check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Added subproject with squash" &&
+        undo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add subproj to mainline' '
+        git subtree add --prefix=subdir/ FETCH_HEAD &&
+        check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Add '"'subdir/'"' from commit '"'"'''"$(git rev-parse sub1)"'''"'"'"
+'
+
+# this shouldn't actually do anything, since FETCH_HEAD is already a parent
+test_expect_success 'merge fetched subproj' '
+        git merge -m "merge -s -ours" -s ours FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add main-sub5' '
+        create subdir/main-sub5 &&
+        git commit -m "main-sub5"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add main6' '
+        create main6 &&
+        git commit -m "main6 boring"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add main-sub7' '
+        create subdir/main-sub7 &&
+        git commit -m "main-sub7"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch new subproj history' '
+        git fetch ./subproj sub2 &&
+        git branch sub2 FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if --message works for merge' '
+        git subtree merge --prefix=subdir -m "Merged changes from subproject" sub2 &&
+        check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merged changes from subproject" &&
+        undo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if --message for merge works with squash too' '
+        git subtree merge --prefix subdir -m "Merged changes from subproject using squash" --squash sub2 &&
+        check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merged changes from subproject using squash" &&
+        undo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge new subproj history into subdir' '
+        git subtree merge --prefix=subdir FETCH_HEAD &&
+        git branch pre-split &&
+        check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Merge commit '"'"'"$(git rev-parse sub2)"'"'"' into mainline"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check that prefix argument is required for split' '
+        echo "You must provide the --prefix option." > expected &&
+        test_must_fail git subtree split > actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'expected: '"'"'" &&
+        test_debug "cat expected" &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'actual: '"'"'" &&
+        test_debug "cat actual" &&
+        test_cmp expected actual &&
+        rm -f expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check that the <prefix> exists for a split' '
+        echo "'"'"'non-existent-directory'"'"'" does not exist\; use "'"'"'git subtree add'"'"'" > expected &&
+        test_must_fail git subtree split --prefix=non-existent-directory > actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'expected: '"'"'" &&
+        test_debug "cat expected" &&
+	test_debug "printf '"'"'actual: '"'"'" &&
+        test_debug "cat actual" &&
+        test_cmp expected actual
+#        rm -f expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if --message works for split+rejoin' '
+        spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
+        git branch spl1 "$spl1" &&
+        check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Split & rejoin" &&
+        undo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check split with --branch' '
+	spl1=$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin) &&
+	undo &&
+	git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch splitbr1 &&
+	check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1)"'' "$spl1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check hash of split' '
+	spl1=$(git subtree split --prefix subdir) &&
+	undo &&
+	git subtree split --prefix subdir --branch splitbr1test &&
+	check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr1test)"'' "$spl1"
+	git checkout splitbr1test &&
+	new_hash=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
+	git checkout mainline &&
+	check_equal ''"$new_hash"'' "$subdir_hash"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check split with --branch for an existing branch' '
+        spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
+        undo &&
+        git branch splitbr2 sub1 &&
+        git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch splitbr2 &&
+        check_equal ''"$(git rev-parse splitbr2)"'' "$spl1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check split with --branch for an incompatible branch' '
+        test_must_fail git subtree split --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --branch subdir
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check split+rejoin' '
+        spl1=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --message "Split & rejoin" --rejoin)"'' &&
+        undo &&
+        git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --onto FETCH_HEAD --rejoin &&
+        check_equal ''"$(last_commit_message)"'' "Split '"'"'subdir/'"'"' into commit '"'"'"$spl1"'"'"'"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add main-sub8' '
+        create subdir/main-sub8 &&
+        git commit -m "main-sub8"
+'
+
+# To the subproject!
+cd ./subproj
+
+test_expect_success 'merge split into subproj' '
+        git fetch .. spl1 &&
+        git branch spl1 FETCH_HEAD &&
+        git merge FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add sub9' '
+        create sub9 &&
+        git commit -m "sub9"
+'
+
+# Back to mainline
+cd ..
+
+test_expect_success 'split for sub8' '
+        split2=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir/ --rejoin)"''
+        git branch split2 "$split2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add main-sub10' '
+        create subdir/main-sub10 &&
+        git commit -m "main-sub10"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'split for sub10' '
+        spl3=''"$(git subtree split --annotate='"'*'"' --prefix subdir --rejoin)"'' &&
+        git branch spl3 "$spl3"
+'
+
+# To the subproject!
+cd ./subproj
+
+test_expect_success 'merge split into subproj' '
+        git fetch .. spl3 &&
+        git branch spl3 FETCH_HEAD &&
+        git merge FETCH_HEAD &&
+        git branch subproj-merge-spl3
+'
+
+chkm="main4 main6"
+chkms="main-sub10 main-sub5 main-sub7 main-sub8"
+chkms_sub=$(echo $chkms | multiline | sed 's,^,subdir/,' | fixnl)
+chks="sub1 sub2 sub3 sub9"
+chks_sub=$(echo $chks | multiline | sed 's,^,subdir/,' | fixnl)
+
+test_expect_success 'make sure exactly the right set of files ends up in the subproj' '
+        subfiles=''"$(git ls-files | fixnl)"'' &&
+        check_equal "$subfiles" "$chkms $chks"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make sure the subproj history *only* contains commits that affect the subdir' '
+        allchanges=''"$(git log --name-only --pretty=format:'"''"' | sort | fixnl)"'' &&
+        check_equal "$allchanges" "$chkms $chks"
+'
+
+# Back to mainline
+cd ..
+
+test_expect_success 'pull from subproj' '
+        git fetch ./subproj subproj-merge-spl3 &&
+        git branch subproj-merge-spl3 FETCH_HEAD &&
+        git subtree pull --prefix=subdir ./subproj subproj-merge-spl3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make sure exactly the right set of files ends up in the mainline' '
+        mainfiles=''"$(git ls-files | fixnl)"'' &&
+        check_equal "$mainfiles" "$chkm $chkms_sub $chks_sub"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make sure each filename changed exactly once in the entire history' '
+        # main-sub?? and /subdir/main-sub?? both change, because those are the
+        # changes that were split into their own history.  And subdir/sub?? never
+        # change, since they were *only* changed in the subtree branch.
+        allchanges=''"$(git log --name-only --pretty=format:'"''"' | sort | fixnl)"'' &&
+        check_equal "$allchanges" ''"$(echo $chkms $chkm $chks $chkms_sub | multiline | sort | fixnl)"''
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make sure the --rejoin commits never make it into subproj' '
+        check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'%s'"' HEAD^2 | grep -i split)"'' ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make sure no "git subtree" tagged commits make it into subproj' '
+        # They are meaningless to subproj since one side of the merge refers to the mainline
+        check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'%s%n%b'"' HEAD^2 | grep "git-subtree.*:")"'' ""
+'
+
+# prepare second pair of repositories
+mkdir test2
+cd test2
+
+test_expect_success 'init main' '
+        test_create_repo main
+'
+
+cd main
+
+test_expect_success 'add main1' '
+        create main1 &&
+        git commit -m "main1"
+'
+
+cd ..
+
+test_expect_success 'init sub' '
+        test_create_repo sub
+'
+
+cd sub
+
+test_expect_success 'add sub2' '
+        create sub2 &&
+        git commit -m "sub2"
+'
+
+cd ../main
+
+# check if split can find proper base without --onto
+
+test_expect_success 'add sub as subdir in main' '
+        git fetch ../sub master &&
+        git branch sub2 FETCH_HEAD &&
+        git subtree add --prefix subdir sub2
+'
+
+cd ../sub
+
+test_expect_success 'add sub3' '
+        create sub3 &&
+        git commit -m "sub3"
+'
+
+cd ../main
+
+test_expect_success 'merge from sub' '
+        git fetch ../sub master &&
+        git branch sub3 FETCH_HEAD &&
+        git subtree merge --prefix subdir sub3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add main-sub4' '
+        create subdir/main-sub4 &&
+        git commit -m "main-sub4"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'split for main-sub4 without --onto' '
+        git subtree split --prefix subdir --branch mainsub4
+'
+
+# at this point, the new commit parent should be sub3 if it is not,
+# something went wrong (the "newparent" of "master~" commit should
+# have been sub3, but it was not, because its cache was not set to
+# itself)
+
+test_expect_success 'check that the commit parent is sub3' '
+        check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:%P -1 mainsub4)"'' ''"$(git rev-parse sub3)"''
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add main-sub5' '
+        mkdir subdir2 &&
+        create subdir2/main-sub5 &&
+        git commit -m "main-sub5"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'split for main-sub5 without --onto' '
+        # also test that we still can split out an entirely new subtree
+        # if the parent of the first commit in the tree is not empty,
+	# then the new subtree has accidentally been attached to something
+        git subtree split --prefix subdir2 --branch mainsub5 &&
+        check_equal ''"$(git log --pretty=format:%P -1 mainsub5)"'' ""
+'
+
+# make sure no patch changes more than one file.  The original set of commits
+# changed only one file each.  A multi-file change would imply that we pruned
+# commits too aggressively.
+joincommits()
+{
+	commit=
+	all=
+	while read x y; do
+		#echo "{$x}" >&2
+		if [ -z "$x" ]; then
+			continue
+		elif [ "$x" = "commit:" ]; then
+			if [ -n "$commit" ]; then
+				echo "$commit $all"
+				all=
+			fi
+			commit="$y"
+		else
+			all="$all $y"
+		fi
+	done
+	echo "$commit $all"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'verify one file change per commit' '
+        x= &&
+        list=''"$(git log --pretty=format:'"'commit: %H'"' | joincommits)"'' &&
+#        test_debug "echo HERE" &&
+#        test_debug "echo ''"$list"''" &&
+        (git log --pretty=format:'"'commit: %H'"' | joincommits |
+        (       while read commit a b; do
+		        test_debug "echo Verifying commit "''"$commit"''
+		        test_debug "echo a: "''"$a"''
+		        test_debug "echo b: "''"$b"''
+		        check_equal "$b" ""
+		        x=1
+	        done
+	        check_equal "$x" 1
+        ))
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/contrib/subtree/todo b/contrib/subtree/todo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e44b0024f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/subtree/todo
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+
+	delete tempdir
+
+	'git subtree rejoin' option to do the same as --rejoin, eg. after a
+	  rebase
+
+	--prefix doesn't force the subtree correctly in merge/pull:
+	"-s subtree" should be given an explicit subtree option?
+		There doesn't seem to be a way to do this.  We'd have to
+		patch git-merge-subtree.  Ugh.
+		(but we could avoid this problem by generating squashes with
+		exactly the right subtree structure, rather than using
+		subtree merge...)
+
+	add a 'push' subcommand to parallel 'pull'
+	
+	add a 'log' subcommand to see what's new in a subtree?
+
+	add to-submodule and from-submodule commands
+
+	automated tests for --squash stuff
+
+	"add" command non-obviously requires a commitid; would be easier if
+		it had a "pull" sort of mode instead
+
+	"pull" and "merge" commands should fail if you've never merged
+		that --prefix before
+		
+	docs should provide an example of "add"
+	
+	note that the initial split doesn't *have* to have a commitid
+		specified... that's just an optimization
+
+	if you try to add (or maybe merge?) with an invalid commitid, you
+		get a misleading "prefix must end with /" message from
+		one of the other git tools that git-subtree calls.  Should
+		detect this situation and print the *real* problem.
+	
+	"pull --squash" should do fetch-synthesize-merge, but instead just
+		does "pull" directly, which doesn't work at all.
+
+	make a 'force-update' that does what 'add' does even if the subtree
+		already exists.  That way we can help people who imported
+		subtrees "incorrectly" (eg. by just copying in the files) in
+		the past.
+
+	guess --prefix automatically if possible based on pwd
+
+	make a 'git subtree grafts' that automatically expands --squash'd
+		commits so you can see the full history if you want it.
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/Makefile b/contrib/svn-fe/Makefile
index 360d8da417..e8651aaf4b 100644
--- a/contrib/svn-fe/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/Makefile
@@ -1,18 +1,58 @@
 all:: svn-fe$X
 
-CC = gcc
+CC = cc
 RM = rm -f
 MV = mv
 
 CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
 LDFLAGS =
-ALL_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS)
-ALL_LDFLAGS = $(LDFLAGS)
-EXTLIBS =
+EXTLIBS = -lz
+
+include ../../config.mak.uname
+-include ../../config.mak.autogen
+-include ../../config.mak
+
+ifeq ($(uname_S),Darwin)
+	ifndef NO_FINK
+		ifeq ($(shell test -d /sw/lib && echo y),y)
+			CFLAGS += -I/sw/include
+			LDFLAGS += -L/sw/lib
+		endif
+	endif
+	ifndef NO_DARWIN_PORTS
+		ifeq ($(shell test -d /opt/local/lib && echo y),y)
+			CFLAGS += -I/opt/local/include
+			LDFLAGS += -L/opt/local/lib
+		endif
+	endif
+endif
+
+ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+	EXTLIBS += -lssl
+	ifdef NEEDS_CRYPTO_WITH_SSL
+		EXTLIBS += -lcrypto
+	endif
+endif
+
+ifndef NO_PTHREADS
+	CFLAGS += $(PTHREADS_CFLAGS)
+	EXTLIBS += $(PTHREAD_LIBS)
+endif
+
+ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
+	CFLAGS += -DHAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
+	EXTLIBS += -lrt
+endif
+
+ifdef NEEDS_LIBICONV
+	EXTLIBS += -liconv
+endif
 
 GIT_LIB = ../../libgit.a
 VCSSVN_LIB = ../../vcs-svn/lib.a
-LIBS = $(VCSSVN_LIB) $(GIT_LIB) $(EXTLIBS)
+XDIFF_LIB = ../../xdiff/lib.a
+
+LIBS = $(VCSSVN_LIB) $(GIT_LIB) $(XDIFF_LIB)
 
 QUIET_SUBDIR0 = +$(MAKE) -C # space to separate -C and subdir
 QUIET_SUBDIR1 =
@@ -33,12 +73,11 @@ ifndef V
 endif
 endif
 
-svn-fe$X: svn-fe.o $(VCSSVN_LIB) $(GIT_LIB)
-	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ svn-fe.o \
-		$(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(LIBS)
+svn-fe$X: svn-fe.o $(VCSSVN_LIB) $(XDIFF_LIB) $(GIT_LIB)
+	$(QUIET_LINK)$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(EXTLIBS) -o $@ svn-fe.o $(LIBS)
 
 svn-fe.o: svn-fe.c ../../vcs-svn/svndump.h
-	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) -I../../vcs-svn -o $*.o -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $<
+	$(QUIET_CC)$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -I../../vcs-svn -o $*.o -c $<
 
 svn-fe.html: svn-fe.txt
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../../Documentation $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) \
@@ -54,6 +93,9 @@ svn-fe.1: svn-fe.txt
 ../../vcs-svn/lib.a: FORCE
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../.. $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) vcs-svn/lib.a
 
+../../xdiff/lib.a: FORCE
+	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../.. $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) xdiff/lib.a
+
 ../../libgit.a: FORCE
 	$(QUIET_SUBDIR0)../.. $(QUIET_SUBDIR1) libgit.a
 
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
index 35db24f5ea..f363505abb 100644
--- a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.c
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	if (svndump_init(NULL))
 		return 1;
-	svndump_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : NULL);
+	svndump_read((argc > 1) ? argv[1] : NULL, "refs/heads/master",
+			"refs/notes/svn/revs");
 	svndump_deinit();
 	svndump_reset();
 	return 0;
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt
index 2dd27ceb0e..a3425f4770 100644
--- a/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svn-fe.txt
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ manual page.
 NOTES
 -----
 Subversion dumps do not record a separate author and committer for
-each revision, nor a separate display name and email address for
-each author.  Like git-svn(1), 'svn-fe' will use the name
+each revision, nor do they record a separate display name and email
+address for each author.  Like git-svn(1), 'svn-fe' will use the name
 
 ---------
 user <user@UUID>
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ as committer, where 'user' is the value of the `svn:author` property
 and 'UUID' the repository's identifier.
 
 To support incremental imports, 'svn-fe' puts a `git-svn-id` line at
-the end of each commit log message if passed an url on the command
+the end of each commit log message if passed a URL on the command
 line.  This line has the form `git-svn-id: URL@REVNO UUID`.
 
 The resulting repository will generally require further processing
diff --git a/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py b/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..11ac6f6927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+"""
+Simulates svnrdump by replaying an existing dump from a file, taking care
+of the specified revision range.
+To simulate incremental imports the environment variable SVNRMAX can be set
+to the highest revision that should be available.
+"""
+import sys
+import os
+
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+    # The limiter is the ValueError() calls. This may be too conservative
+    sys.stderr.write("svnrdump-sim.py: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+
+def getrevlimit():
+    var = 'SVNRMAX'
+    if var in os.environ:
+        return os.environ[var]
+    return None
+
+
+def writedump(url, lower, upper):
+    if url.startswith('sim://'):
+        filename = url[6:]
+        if filename[-1] == '/':
+            filename = filename[:-1]  # remove terminating slash
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('sim:// url required')
+    f = open(filename, 'r')
+    state = 'header'
+    wroterev = False
+    while(True):
+        l = f.readline()
+        if l == '':
+            break
+        if state == 'header' and l.startswith('Revision-number: '):
+            state = 'prefix'
+        if state == 'prefix' and l == 'Revision-number: %s\n' % lower:
+            state = 'selection'
+        if not upper == 'HEAD' and state == 'selection' and \
+                l == 'Revision-number: %s\n' % upper:
+            break
+
+        if state == 'header' or state == 'selection':
+            if state == 'selection':
+                wroterev = True
+            sys.stdout.write(l)
+    return wroterev
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    if not (len(sys.argv) in (3, 4, 5)):
+        print("usage: %s dump URL -rLOWER:UPPER")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    if not sys.argv[1] == 'dump':
+        raise NotImplementedError('only "dump" is suppported.')
+    url = sys.argv[2]
+    r = ('0', 'HEAD')
+    if len(sys.argv) == 4 and sys.argv[3][0:2] == '-r':
+        r = sys.argv[3][2:].lstrip().split(':')
+    if not getrevlimit() is None:
+        r[1] = getrevlimit()
+    if writedump(url, r[0], r[1]):
+        ret = 0
+    else:
+        ret = 1
+    sys.exit(ret)
diff --git a/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh b/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
index 5eb4a51643..8dc73ece15 100755
--- a/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
+++ b/contrib/thunderbird-patch-inline/appp.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ CONFFILE=~/.appprc
 
 SEP="-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=# Don't remove this line #=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-"
 if [ -e "$CONFFILE" ] ; then
-	LAST_DIR=`grep -m 1 "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}"|sed -e 's/^LAST_DIR=//'`
+	LAST_DIR=$(grep -m 1 "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}"|sed -e 's/^LAST_DIR=//')
 	cd "${LAST_DIR}"
 else
 	cd > /dev/null
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ fi
 
 cd - > /dev/null
 
-SUBJECT=`sed -n -e '/^Subject: /p' "${PATCH}"`
-HEADERS=`sed -e '/^'"${SEP}"'$/,$d' $1`
-BODY=`sed -e "1,/${SEP}/d" $1`
-CMT_MSG=`sed -e '1,/^$/d' -e '/^---$/,$d' "${PATCH}"`
-DIFF=`sed -e '1,/^---$/d' "${PATCH}"`
+SUBJECT=$(sed -n -e '/^Subject: /p' "${PATCH}")
+HEADERS=$(sed -e '/^'"${SEP}"'$/,$d' $1)
+BODY=$(sed -e "1,/${SEP}/d" $1)
+CMT_MSG=$(sed -e '1,/^$/d' -e '/^---$/,$d' "${PATCH}")
+DIFF=$(sed -e '1,/^---$/d' "${PATCH}")
 
 CCS=`echo -e "$CMT_MSG\n$HEADERS" | sed -n -e 's/^Cc: \(.*\)$/\1,/gp' \
 	-e 's/^Signed-off-by: \(.*\)/\1,/gp'`
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ if [ "x${BODY}x" != "xx" ] ; then
 fi
 echo "$DIFF" >> $1
 
-LAST_DIR=`dirname "${PATCH}"`
+LAST_DIR=$(dirname "${PATCH}")
 
 grep -v "^LAST_DIR=" "${CONFFILE}" > "${CONFFILE}_"
 echo "LAST_DIR=${LAST_DIR}" >> "${CONFFILE}_"
diff --git a/contrib/vim/README b/contrib/vim/README
deleted file mode 100644
index fca1e17251..0000000000
--- a/contrib/vim/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-Syntax highlighting for git commit messages, config files, etc. is
-included with the vim distribution as of vim 7.2, and should work
-automatically.
-
-If you have an older version of vim, you can get the latest syntax
-files from the vim project:
-
-  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/git.vim
-  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitcommit.vim
-  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitconfig.vim
-  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitrebase.vim
-  http://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/runtime/syntax/gitsendemail.vim
-
-These files are also available via FTP at the same location.
-
-To install:
-
-  1. Copy these files to vim's syntax directory $HOME/.vim/syntax
-  2. To auto-detect the editing of various git-related filetypes:
-	$ cat >>$HOME/.vim/filetype.vim <<'EOF'
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG    setf gitcommit
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/config,.gitconfig setf gitconfig
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead git-rebase-todo         setf gitrebase
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead .msg.[0-9]*
-		\ if getline(1) =~ '^From.*# This line is ignored.$' |
-		\   setf gitsendemail |
-		\ endif
-	autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.git/**
-		\ if getline(1) =~ '^\x\{40\}\>\|^ref: ' |
-		\   setf git |
-		\ endif
-	EOF
diff --git a/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir b/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
index 75e8b25817..888c34a521 100755
--- a/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
+++ b/contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ die () {
 	exit 128
 }
 
+failed () {
+	die "unable to create new workdir '$new_workdir'!"
+}
+
 if test $# -lt 2 || test $# -gt 3
 then
 	usage "$0 <repository> <new_workdir> [<branch>]"
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@ esac
 
 # don't link to a configured bare repository
 isbare=$(git --git-dir="$git_dir" config --bool --get core.bare)
-if test ztrue = z$isbare
+if test ztrue = "z$isbare"
 then
 	die "\"$git_dir\" has core.bare set to true," \
 		" remove from \"$git_dir/config\" to use $0"
@@ -48,35 +52,54 @@ then
 		"a complete repository."
 fi
 
-# don't recreate a workdir over an existing repository
-if test -e "$new_workdir"
+# make sure the links in the workdir have full paths to the original repo
+git_dir=$(cd "$git_dir" && pwd) || exit 1
+
+# don't recreate a workdir over an existing directory, unless it's empty
+if test -d "$new_workdir"
 then
-	die "destination directory '$new_workdir' already exists."
+	if test $(ls -a1 "$new_workdir/." | wc -l) -ne 2
+	then
+		die "destination directory '$new_workdir' is not empty."
+	fi
+	cleandir="$new_workdir/.git"
+else
+	cleandir="$new_workdir"
 fi
 
-# make sure the links use full paths
-git_dir=$(cd "$git_dir"; pwd)
+mkdir -p "$new_workdir/.git" || failed
+cleandir=$(cd "$cleandir" && pwd) || failed
 
-# create the workdir
-mkdir -p "$new_workdir/.git" || die "unable to create \"$new_workdir\"!"
+cleanup () {
+	rm -rf "$cleandir"
+}
+siglist="0 1 2 15"
+trap cleanup $siglist
 
 # create the links to the original repo.  explicitly exclude index, HEAD and
 # logs/HEAD from the list since they are purely related to the current working
 # directory, and should not be shared.
 for x in config refs logs/refs objects info hooks packed-refs remotes rr-cache svn
 do
+	# create a containing directory if needed
 	case $x in
 	*/*)
-		mkdir -p "$(dirname "$new_workdir/.git/$x")"
+		mkdir -p "$new_workdir/.git/${x%/*}"
 		;;
 	esac
-	ln -s "$git_dir/$x" "$new_workdir/.git/$x"
+
+	ln -s "$git_dir/$x" "$new_workdir/.git/$x" || failed
 done
 
-# now setup the workdir
-cd "$new_workdir"
+# commands below this are run in the context of the new workdir
+cd "$new_workdir" || failed
+
 # copy the HEAD from the original repository as a default branch
-cp "$git_dir/HEAD" .git/HEAD
-# checkout the branch (either the same as HEAD from the original repository, or
-# the one that was asked for)
+cp "$git_dir/HEAD" .git/HEAD || failed
+
+# the workdir is set up.  if the checkout fails, the user can fix it.
+trap - $siglist
+
+# checkout the branch (either the same as HEAD from the original repository,
+# or the one that was asked for)
 git checkout -f $branch
diff --git a/convert.c b/convert.c
index 66021550c3..9a5612e93d 100644
--- a/convert.c
+++ b/convert.c
@@ -153,36 +153,13 @@ static void check_safe_crlf(const char *path, enum crlf_action crlf_action,
 
 static int has_cr_in_index(const char *path)
 {
-	int pos, len;
 	unsigned long sz;
-	enum object_type type;
 	void *data;
 	int has_cr;
-	struct index_state *istate = &the_index;
 
-	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
-	if (pos < 0) {
-		/*
-		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
-		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
-		 */
-		int i;
-		for (i = -pos - 1;
-		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
-		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
-		     i++)
-			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
-				pos = i;
-	}
-	if (pos < 0)
-		return 0;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
-	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
-		free(data);
+	data = read_blob_data_from_cache(path, &sz);
+	if (!data)
 		return 0;
-	}
-
 	has_cr = memchr(data, '\r', sz) != NULL;
 	free(data);
 	return has_cr;
@@ -335,16 +312,17 @@ static int crlf_to_worktree(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 struct filter_params {
 	const char *src;
 	unsigned long size;
+	int fd;
 	const char *cmd;
 	const char *path;
 };
 
-static int filter_buffer(int in, int out, void *data)
+static int filter_buffer_or_fd(int in, int out, void *data)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Spawn cmd and feed the buffer contents through its stdin.
 	 */
-	struct child_process child_process;
+	struct child_process child_process = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct filter_params *params = (struct filter_params *)data;
 	int write_err, status;
 	const char *argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
@@ -367,7 +345,6 @@ static int filter_buffer(int in, int out, void *data)
 
 	argv[0] = cmd.buf;
 
-	memset(&child_process, 0, sizeof(child_process));
 	child_process.argv = argv;
 	child_process.use_shell = 1;
 	child_process.in = -1;
@@ -378,7 +355,12 @@ static int filter_buffer(int in, int out, void *data)
 
 	sigchain_push(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
 
-	write_err = (write_in_full(child_process.in, params->src, params->size) < 0);
+	if (params->src) {
+		write_err = (write_in_full(child_process.in, params->src, params->size) < 0);
+	} else {
+		write_err = copy_fd(params->fd, child_process.in);
+	}
+
 	if (close(child_process.in))
 		write_err = 1;
 	if (write_err)
@@ -394,7 +376,7 @@ static int filter_buffer(int in, int out, void *data)
 	return (write_err || status);
 }
 
-static int apply_filter(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
+static int apply_filter(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len, int fd,
                         struct strbuf *dst, const char *cmd)
 {
 	/*
@@ -415,11 +397,12 @@ static int apply_filter(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 		return 1;
 
 	memset(&async, 0, sizeof(async));
-	async.proc = filter_buffer;
+	async.proc = filter_buffer_or_fd;
 	async.data = &params;
 	async.out = -1;
 	params.src = src;
 	params.size = len;
+	params.fd = fd;
 	params.cmd = cmd;
 	params.path = path;
 
@@ -457,7 +440,7 @@ static struct convert_driver {
 
 static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	const char *ep, *name;
+	const char *key, *name;
 	int namelen;
 	struct convert_driver *drv;
 
@@ -465,10 +448,8 @@ static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	 * External conversion drivers are configured using
 	 * "filter.<name>.variable".
 	 */
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "filter.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 6)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "filter", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
-	name = var + 7;
-	namelen = ep - name;
 	for (drv = user_convert; drv; drv = drv->next)
 		if (!strncmp(drv->name, name, namelen) && !drv->name[namelen])
 			break;
@@ -479,8 +460,6 @@ static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		user_convert_tail = &(drv->next);
 	}
 
-	ep++;
-
 	/*
 	 * filter.<name>.smudge and filter.<name>.clean specifies
 	 * the command line:
@@ -490,13 +469,13 @@ static int read_convert_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	 * The command-line will not be interpolated in any way.
 	 */
 
-	if (!strcmp("smudge", ep))
+	if (!strcmp("smudge", key))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->smudge, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("clean", ep))
+	if (!strcmp("clean", key))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->clean, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("required", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("required", key)) {
 		drv->required = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -774,6 +753,25 @@ static void convert_attrs(struct conv_attrs *ca, const char *path)
 	}
 }
 
+int would_convert_to_git_filter_fd(const char *path)
+{
+	struct conv_attrs ca;
+
+	convert_attrs(&ca, path);
+	if (!ca.drv)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Apply a filter to an fd only if the filter is required to succeed.
+	 * We must die if the filter fails, because the original data before
+	 * filtering is not available.
+	 */
+	if (!ca.drv->required)
+		return 0;
+
+	return apply_filter(path, NULL, 0, -1, NULL, ca.drv->clean);
+}
+
 int convert_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
                    struct strbuf *dst, enum safe_crlf checksafe)
 {
@@ -788,7 +786,7 @@ int convert_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 		required = ca.drv->required;
 	}
 
-	ret |= apply_filter(path, src, len, dst, filter);
+	ret |= apply_filter(path, src, len, -1, dst, filter);
 	if (!ret && required)
 		die("%s: clean filter '%s' failed", path, ca.drv->name);
 
@@ -805,6 +803,23 @@ int convert_to_git(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 	return ret | ident_to_git(path, src, len, dst, ca.ident);
 }
 
+void convert_to_git_filter_fd(const char *path, int fd, struct strbuf *dst,
+			      enum safe_crlf checksafe)
+{
+	struct conv_attrs ca;
+	convert_attrs(&ca, path);
+
+	assert(ca.drv);
+	assert(ca.drv->clean);
+
+	if (!apply_filter(path, NULL, 0, fd, dst, ca.drv->clean))
+		die("%s: clean filter '%s' failed", path, ca.drv->name);
+
+	ca.crlf_action = input_crlf_action(ca.crlf_action, ca.eol_attr);
+	crlf_to_git(path, dst->buf, dst->len, dst, ca.crlf_action, checksafe);
+	ident_to_git(path, dst->buf, dst->len, dst, ca.ident);
+}
+
 static int convert_to_working_tree_internal(const char *path, const char *src,
 					    size_t len, struct strbuf *dst,
 					    int normalizing)
@@ -838,7 +853,7 @@ static int convert_to_working_tree_internal(const char *path, const char *src,
 		}
 	}
 
-	ret_filter = apply_filter(path, src, len, dst, filter);
+	ret_filter = apply_filter(path, src, len, -1, dst, filter);
 	if (!ret_filter && required)
 		die("%s: smudge filter %s failed", path, ca.drv->name);
 
@@ -862,7 +877,7 @@ int renormalize_buffer(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len, struct str
 
 /*****************************************************************
  *
- * Streaming converison support
+ * Streaming conversion support
  *
  *****************************************************************/
 
@@ -1148,9 +1163,9 @@ static int is_foreign_ident(const char *str)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(str, "$Id: "))
+	if (!skip_prefix(str, "$Id: ", &str))
 		return 0;
-	for (i = 5; str[i]; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; str[i]; i++) {
 		if (isspace(str[i]) && str[i+1] != '$')
 			return 1;
 	}
diff --git a/convert.h b/convert.h
index ec5fd69430..d9d853cd3d 100644
--- a/convert.h
+++ b/convert.h
@@ -40,15 +40,19 @@ extern int convert_to_working_tree(const char *path, const char *src,
 				   size_t len, struct strbuf *dst);
 extern int renormalize_buffer(const char *path, const char *src, size_t len,
 			      struct strbuf *dst);
-static inline int would_convert_to_git(const char *path, const char *src,
-				       size_t len, enum safe_crlf checksafe)
+static inline int would_convert_to_git(const char *path)
 {
-	return convert_to_git(path, src, len, NULL, checksafe);
+	return convert_to_git(path, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
 }
+/* Precondition: would_convert_to_git_filter_fd(path) == true */
+extern void convert_to_git_filter_fd(const char *path, int fd,
+				     struct strbuf *dst,
+				     enum safe_crlf checksafe);
+extern int would_convert_to_git_filter_fd(const char *path);
 
 /*****************************************************************
  *
- * Streaming converison support
+ * Streaming conversion support
  *
  *****************************************************************/
 
diff --git a/copy.c b/copy.c
index a7f58fd905..f2970ec462 100644
--- a/copy.c
+++ b/copy.c
@@ -4,34 +4,17 @@ int copy_fd(int ifd, int ofd)
 {
 	while (1) {
 		char buffer[8192];
-		char *buf = buffer;
 		ssize_t len = xread(ifd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
 		if (!len)
 			break;
 		if (len < 0) {
-			int read_error = errno;
-			close(ifd);
 			return error("copy-fd: read returned %s",
-				     strerror(read_error));
-		}
-		while (len) {
-			int written = xwrite(ofd, buf, len);
-			if (written > 0) {
-				buf += written;
-				len -= written;
-			}
-			else if (!written) {
-				close(ifd);
-				return error("copy-fd: write returned 0");
-			} else {
-				int write_error = errno;
-				close(ifd);
-				return error("copy-fd: write returned %s",
-					     strerror(write_error));
-			}
+				     strerror(errno));
 		}
+		if (write_in_full(ofd, buffer, len) < 0)
+			return error("copy-fd: write returned %s",
+				     strerror(errno));
 	}
-	close(ifd);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -60,6 +43,7 @@ int copy_file(const char *dst, const char *src, int mode)
 		return fdo;
 	}
 	status = copy_fd(fdi, fdo);
+	close(fdi);
 	if (close(fdo) != 0)
 		return error("%s: close error: %s", dst, strerror(errno));
 
diff --git a/credential-cache--daemon.c b/credential-cache--daemon.c
index 390f194252..c2f00498f6 100644
--- a/credential-cache--daemon.c
+++ b/credential-cache--daemon.c
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "credential.h"
 #include "unix-socket.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
 
 static const char *socket_path;
 
@@ -109,14 +110,12 @@ static int read_request(FILE *fh, struct credential *c,
 	const char *p;
 
 	strbuf_getline(&item, fh, '\n');
-	p = skip_prefix(item.buf, "action=");
-	if (!p)
+	if (!skip_prefix(item.buf, "action=", &p))
 		return error("client sent bogus action line: %s", item.buf);
 	strbuf_addstr(action, p);
 
 	strbuf_getline(&item, fh, '\n');
-	p = skip_prefix(item.buf, "timeout=");
-	if (!p)
+	if (!skip_prefix(item.buf, "timeout=", &p))
 		return error("client sent bogus timeout line: %s", item.buf);
 	*timeout = atoi(p);
 
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ static int serve_cache_loop(int fd)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void serve_cache(const char *socket_path)
+static void serve_cache(const char *socket_path, int debug)
 {
 	int fd;
 
@@ -213,6 +212,10 @@ static void serve_cache(const char *socket_path)
 
 	printf("ok\n");
 	fclose(stdout);
+	if (!debug) {
+		if (!freopen("/dev/null", "w", stderr))
+			die_errno("unable to point stderr to /dev/null");
+	}
 
 	while (serve_cache_loop(fd))
 		; /* nothing */
@@ -254,16 +257,28 @@ static void check_socket_directory(const char *path)
 
 int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
-	socket_path = argv[1];
+	static const char *usage[] = {
+		"git-credential-cache--daemon [opts] <socket_path>",
+		NULL
+	};
+	int debug = 0;
+	const struct option options[] = {
+		OPT_BOOL(0, "debug", &debug,
+			 N_("print debugging messages to stderr")),
+		OPT_END()
+	};
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, usage, 0);
+	socket_path = argv[0];
 
 	if (!socket_path)
-		die("usage: git-credential-cache--daemon <socket_path>");
+		usage_with_options(usage, options);
 	check_socket_directory(socket_path);
 
 	atexit(cleanup_socket);
 	sigchain_push_common(cleanup_socket_on_signal);
 
-	serve_cache(socket_path);
+	serve_cache(socket_path, debug);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/credential-cache.c b/credential-cache.c
index 9a03792c7d..8689a1519a 100644
--- a/credential-cache.c
+++ b/credential-cache.c
@@ -37,12 +37,11 @@ static int send_request(const char *socket, const struct strbuf *out)
 
 static void spawn_daemon(const char *socket)
 {
-	struct child_process daemon;
+	struct child_process daemon = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
 	char buf[128];
 	int r;
 
-	memset(&daemon, 0, sizeof(daemon));
 	argv[0] = "git-credential-cache--daemon";
 	argv[1] = socket;
 	daemon.argv = argv;
diff --git a/credential-store.c b/credential-store.c
index 26f7589a60..925d3f4024 100644
--- a/credential-store.c
+++ b/credential-store.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "credential.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "parse-options.h"
@@ -114,10 +115,10 @@ static int lookup_credential(const char *fn, struct credential *c)
 	return c->username && c->password;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	const char * const usage[] = {
-		"git credential-store [options] <action>",
+		"git credential-store [<options>] <action>",
 		NULL
 	};
 	const char *op;
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	umask(077);
 
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, NULL, options, usage, 0);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, (const char **)argv, NULL, options, usage, 0);
 	if (argc != 1)
 		usage_with_options(usage, options);
 	op = argv[0];
diff --git a/credential.c b/credential.c
index 62d1c56819..b146ad8481 100644
--- a/credential.c
+++ b/credential.c
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ static int credential_config_callback(const char *var, const char *value,
 	struct credential *c = data;
 	const char *key, *dot;
 
-	key = skip_prefix(var, "credential.");
-	if (!key)
+	if (!skip_prefix(var, "credential.", &key))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (!value)
@@ -172,6 +171,10 @@ int credential_read(struct credential *c, FILE *fp)
 		} else if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
 			free(c->path);
 			c->path = xstrdup(value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "url")) {
+			credential_from_url(c, value);
+		} else if (!strcmp(key, "quit")) {
+			c->quit = !!git_config_bool("quit", value);
 		}
 		/*
 		 * Ignore other lines; we don't know what they mean, but
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ static void credential_write_item(FILE *fp, const char *key, const char *value)
 	fprintf(fp, "%s=%s\n", key, value);
 }
 
-static void credential_write(const struct credential *c, FILE *fp)
+void credential_write(const struct credential *c, FILE *fp)
 {
 	credential_write_item(fp, "protocol", c->protocol);
 	credential_write_item(fp, "host", c->host);
@@ -204,11 +207,10 @@ static int run_credential_helper(struct credential *c,
 				 const char *cmd,
 				 int want_output)
 {
-	struct child_process helper;
+	struct child_process helper = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
 	FILE *fp;
 
-	memset(&helper, 0, sizeof(helper));
 	argv[0] = cmd;
 	helper.argv = argv;
 	helper.use_shell = 1;
@@ -274,6 +276,9 @@ void credential_fill(struct credential *c)
 		credential_do(c, c->helpers.items[i].string, "get");
 		if (c->username && c->password)
 			return;
+		if (c->quit)
+			die("credential helper '%s' told us to quit",
+			    c->helpers.items[i].string);
 	}
 
 	credential_getpass(c);
diff --git a/credential.h b/credential.h
index 96ea41bd1c..6b0cd16be2 100644
--- a/credential.h
+++ b/credential.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ struct credential {
 	struct string_list helpers;
 	unsigned approved:1,
 		 configured:1,
+		 quit:1,
 		 use_http_path:1;
 
 	char *username;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ void credential_approve(struct credential *);
 void credential_reject(struct credential *);
 
 int credential_read(struct credential *, FILE *);
+void credential_write(const struct credential *, FILE *);
 void credential_from_url(struct credential *, const char *url);
 int credential_match(const struct credential *have,
 		     const struct credential *want);
diff --git a/csum-file.c b/csum-file.c
index 53f5375b6c..a172199e44 100644
--- a/csum-file.c
+++ b/csum-file.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "csum-file.h"
 
-static void flush(struct sha1file *f, void *buf, unsigned int count)
+static void flush(struct sha1file *f, const void *buf, unsigned int count)
 {
 	if (0 <= f->check_fd && count)  {
 		unsigned char check_buffer[8192];
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ int sha1close(struct sha1file *f, unsigned char *result, unsigned int flags)
 	return fd;
 }
 
-int sha1write(struct sha1file *f, void *buf, unsigned int count)
+void sha1write(struct sha1file *f, const void *buf, unsigned int count)
 {
 	while (count) {
 		unsigned offset = f->offset;
 		unsigned left = sizeof(f->buffer) - offset;
 		unsigned nr = count > left ? left : count;
-		void *data;
+		const void *data;
 
 		if (f->do_crc)
 			f->crc32 = crc32(f->crc32, buf, nr);
@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@ int sha1write(struct sha1file *f, void *buf, unsigned int count)
 		}
 		f->offset = offset;
 	}
-	return 0;
 }
 
 struct sha1file *sha1fd(int fd, const char *name)
@@ -131,14 +130,10 @@ struct sha1file *sha1fd_check(const char *name)
 
 	sink = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
 	if (sink < 0)
-		return NULL;
+		die_errno("unable to open /dev/null");
 	check = open(name, O_RDONLY);
-	if (check < 0) {
-		int saved_errno = errno;
-		close(sink);
-		errno = saved_errno;
-		return NULL;
-	}
+	if (check < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to open '%s'", name);
 	f = sha1fd(sink, name);
 	f->check_fd = check;
 	return f;
diff --git a/csum-file.h b/csum-file.h
index 3b540bdc21..7530927d77 100644
--- a/csum-file.h
+++ b/csum-file.h
@@ -34,9 +34,20 @@ extern struct sha1file *sha1fd(int fd, const char *name);
 extern struct sha1file *sha1fd_check(const char *name);
 extern struct sha1file *sha1fd_throughput(int fd, const char *name, struct progress *tp);
 extern int sha1close(struct sha1file *, unsigned char *, unsigned int);
-extern int sha1write(struct sha1file *, void *, unsigned int);
+extern void sha1write(struct sha1file *, const void *, unsigned int);
 extern void sha1flush(struct sha1file *f);
 extern void crc32_begin(struct sha1file *);
 extern uint32_t crc32_end(struct sha1file *);
 
+static inline void sha1write_u8(struct sha1file *f, uint8_t data)
+{
+	sha1write(f, &data, sizeof(data));
+}
+
+static inline void sha1write_be32(struct sha1file *f, uint32_t data)
+{
+	data = htonl(data);
+	sha1write(f, &data, sizeof(data));
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/ctype.c b/ctype.c
index af722f957f..fc0225cebd 100644
--- a/ctype.c
+++ b/ctype.c
@@ -11,17 +11,56 @@ enum {
 	D = GIT_DIGIT,
 	G = GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL,	/* *, ?, [, \\ */
 	R = GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL,	/* $, (, ), +, ., ^, {, | */
-	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC  /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	P = GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC, /* other non-alnum, except for ] and } */
+	X = GIT_CNTRL,
+	U = GIT_PUNCT,
+	Z = GIT_CNTRL | GIT_SPACE
 };
 
-unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, S, S, 0, 0, S, 0, 0,		/*   0.. 15 */
-	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,		/*  16.. 31 */
+const unsigned char sane_ctype[256] = {
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, Z, Z, X, X, Z, X, X,		/*   0.. 15 */
+	X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X, X,		/*  16.. 31 */
 	S, P, P, P, R, P, P, P, R, R, G, R, P, P, R, P,		/*  32.. 47 */
 	D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, P, P, P, P, P, G,		/*  48.. 63 */
 	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  64.. 79 */
-	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, 0, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, G, G, U, R, P,		/*  80.. 95 */
 	P, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A,		/*  96..111 */
-	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, 0, P, 0,		/* 112..127 */
+	A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, R, R, U, P, X,		/* 112..127 */
 	/* Nothing in the 128.. range */
 };
+
+/* For case-insensitive kwset */
+const unsigned char tolower_trans_tbl[256] = {
+	0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+	0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f,
+	0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17,
+	0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f,
+	 ' ',  '!',  '"',  '#',  '$',  '%',  '&', 0x27,
+	 '(',  ')',  '*',  '+',  ',',  '-',  '.',  '/',
+	 '0',  '1',  '2',  '3',  '4',  '5',  '6',  '7',
+	 '8',  '9',  ':',  ';',  '<',  '=',  '>',  '?',
+	 '@',  'a',  'b',  'c',  'd',  'e',  'f',  'g',
+	 'h',  'i',  'j',  'k',  'l',  'm',  'n',  'o',
+	 'p',  'q',  'r',  's',  't',  'u',  'v',  'w',
+	 'x',  'y',  'z',  '[', 0x5c,  ']',  '^',  '_',
+	 '`',  'a',  'b',  'c',  'd',  'e',  'f',  'g',
+	 'h',  'i',  'j',  'k',  'l',  'm',  'n',  'o',
+	 'p',  'q',  'r',  's',  't',  'u',  'v',  'w',
+	 'x',  'y',  'z',  '{',  '|',  '}',  '~', 0x7f,
+	0x80, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87,
+	0x88, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x8c, 0x8d, 0x8e, 0x8f,
+	0x90, 0x91, 0x92, 0x93, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96, 0x97,
+	0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f,
+	0xa0, 0xa1, 0xa2, 0xa3, 0xa4, 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa7,
+	0xa8, 0xa9, 0xaa, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf,
+	0xb0, 0xb1, 0xb2, 0xb3, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7,
+	0xb8, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc, 0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf,
+	0xc0, 0xc1, 0xc2, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xc5, 0xc6, 0xc7,
+	0xc8, 0xc9, 0xca, 0xcb, 0xcc, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf,
+	0xd0, 0xd1, 0xd2, 0xd3, 0xd4, 0xd5, 0xd6, 0xd7,
+	0xd8, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde, 0xdf,
+	0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7,
+	0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef,
+	0xf0, 0xf1, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6, 0xf7,
+	0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff,
+};
diff --git a/daemon.c b/daemon.c
index ab21e66b2f..9ee21877cd 100644
--- a/daemon.c
+++ b/daemon.c
@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@
 #define HOST_NAME_MAX 256
 #endif
 
-#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
-#define NI_MAXSERV 32
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_INITGROUPS
 #define initgroups(x, y) (0) /* nothing */
 #endif
@@ -30,6 +26,7 @@ static const char daemon_usage[] =
 "           [--interpolated-path=<path>]\n"
 "           [--reuseaddr] [--pid-file=<file>]\n"
 "           [--(enable|disable|allow-override|forbid-override)=<service>]\n"
+"           [--access-hook=<path>]\n"
 "           [--inetd | [--listen=<host_or_ipaddr>] [--port=<n>]\n"
 "                      [--detach] [--user=<user> [--group=<group>]]\n"
 "           [<directory>...]";
@@ -42,13 +39,10 @@ static int strict_paths;
 static int export_all_trees;
 
 /* Take all paths relative to this one if non-NULL */
-static char *base_path;
-static char *interpolated_path;
+static const char *base_path;
+static const char *interpolated_path;
 static int base_path_relaxed;
 
-/* Flag indicating client sent extra args. */
-static int saw_extended_args;
-
 /* If defined, ~user notation is allowed and the string is inserted
  * after ~user/.  E.g. a request to git://host/~alice/frotz would
  * go to /home/alice/pub_git/frotz with --user-path=pub_git.
@@ -59,10 +53,28 @@ static const char *user_path;
 static unsigned int timeout;
 static unsigned int init_timeout;
 
-static char *hostname;
-static char *canon_hostname;
-static char *ip_address;
-static char *tcp_port;
+struct hostinfo {
+	struct strbuf hostname;
+	struct strbuf canon_hostname;
+	struct strbuf ip_address;
+	struct strbuf tcp_port;
+	unsigned int hostname_lookup_done:1;
+	unsigned int saw_extended_args:1;
+};
+
+static void lookup_hostname(struct hostinfo *hi);
+
+static const char *get_canon_hostname(struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	lookup_hostname(hi);
+	return hi->canon_hostname.buf;
+}
+
+static const char *get_ip_address(struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	lookup_hostname(hi);
+	return hi->ip_address.buf;
+}
 
 static void logreport(int priority, const char *err, va_list params)
 {
@@ -109,12 +121,48 @@ static void NORETURN daemon_die(const char *err, va_list params)
 	exit(1);
 }
 
-static const char *path_ok(char *directory)
+struct expand_path_context {
+	const char *directory;
+	struct hostinfo *hostinfo;
+};
+
+static size_t expand_path(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder, void *ctx)
+{
+	struct expand_path_context *context = ctx;
+	struct hostinfo *hi = context->hostinfo;
+
+	switch (placeholder[0]) {
+	case 'H':
+		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &hi->hostname);
+		return 1;
+	case 'C':
+		if (placeholder[1] == 'H') {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, get_canon_hostname(hi));
+			return 2;
+		}
+		break;
+	case 'I':
+		if (placeholder[1] == 'P') {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, get_ip_address(hi));
+			return 2;
+		}
+		break;
+	case 'P':
+		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &hi->tcp_port);
+		return 1;
+	case 'D':
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, context->directory);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *path_ok(const char *directory, struct hostinfo *hi)
 {
 	static char rpath[PATH_MAX];
 	static char interp_path[PATH_MAX];
 	const char *path;
-	char *dir;
+	const char *dir;
 
 	dir = directory;
 
@@ -134,7 +182,7 @@ static const char *path_ok(char *directory)
 			 * "~alice/%s/foo".
 			 */
 			int namlen, restlen = strlen(dir);
-			char *slash = strchr(dir, '/');
+			const char *slash = strchr(dir, '/');
 			if (!slash)
 				slash = dir + restlen;
 			namlen = slash - dir;
@@ -145,16 +193,13 @@ static const char *path_ok(char *directory)
 			dir = rpath;
 		}
 	}
-	else if (interpolated_path && saw_extended_args) {
+	else if (interpolated_path && hi->saw_extended_args) {
 		struct strbuf expanded_path = STRBUF_INIT;
-		struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry dict[6];
-
-		dict[0].placeholder = "H"; dict[0].value = hostname;
-		dict[1].placeholder = "CH"; dict[1].value = canon_hostname;
-		dict[2].placeholder = "IP"; dict[2].value = ip_address;
-		dict[3].placeholder = "P"; dict[3].value = tcp_port;
-		dict[4].placeholder = "D"; dict[4].value = directory;
-		dict[5].placeholder = NULL; dict[5].value = NULL;
+		struct expand_path_context context;
+
+		context.directory = directory;
+		context.hostinfo = hi;
+
 		if (*dir != '/') {
 			/* Allow only absolute */
 			logerror("'%s': Non-absolute path denied (interpolated-path active)", dir);
@@ -162,7 +207,7 @@ static const char *path_ok(char *directory)
 		}
 
 		strbuf_expand(&expanded_path, interpolated_path,
-				strbuf_expand_dict_cb, &dict);
+			      expand_path, &context);
 		strlcpy(interp_path, expanded_path.buf, PATH_MAX);
 		strbuf_release(&expanded_path);
 		loginfo("Interpolated dir '%s'", interp_path);
@@ -233,21 +278,6 @@ struct daemon_service {
 	int overridable;
 };
 
-static struct daemon_service *service_looking_at;
-static int service_enabled;
-
-static int git_daemon_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "daemon.") &&
-	    !strcmp(var + 7, service_looking_at->config_name)) {
-		service_enabled = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	/* we are not interested in parsing any other configuration here */
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int daemon_error(const char *dir, const char *msg)
 {
 	if (!informative_errors)
@@ -256,10 +286,75 @@ static int daemon_error(const char *dir, const char *msg)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int run_service(char *dir, struct daemon_service *service)
+static const char *access_hook;
+
+static int run_access_hook(struct daemon_service *service, const char *dir,
+			   const char *path, struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *argv[8];
+	const char **arg = argv;
+	char *eol;
+	int seen_errors = 0;
+
+	*arg++ = access_hook;
+	*arg++ = service->name;
+	*arg++ = path;
+	*arg++ = hi->hostname.buf;
+	*arg++ = get_canon_hostname(hi);
+	*arg++ = get_ip_address(hi);
+	*arg++ = hi->tcp_port.buf;
+	*arg = NULL;
+
+	child.use_shell = 1;
+	child.argv = argv;
+	child.no_stdin = 1;
+	child.no_stderr = 1;
+	child.out = -1;
+	if (start_command(&child)) {
+		logerror("daemon access hook '%s' failed to start",
+			 access_hook);
+		goto error_return;
+	}
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, child.out, 0) < 0) {
+		logerror("failed to read from pipe to daemon access hook '%s'",
+			 access_hook);
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		seen_errors = 1;
+	}
+	if (close(child.out) < 0) {
+		logerror("failed to close pipe to daemon access hook '%s'",
+			 access_hook);
+		seen_errors = 1;
+	}
+	if (finish_command(&child))
+		seen_errors = 1;
+
+	if (!seen_errors) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+error_return:
+	strbuf_ltrim(&buf);
+	if (!buf.len)
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "service rejected");
+	eol = strchr(buf.buf, '\n');
+	if (eol)
+		*eol = '\0';
+	errno = EACCES;
+	daemon_error(dir, buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int run_service(const char *dir, struct daemon_service *service,
+		       struct hostinfo *hi)
 {
 	const char *path;
 	int enabled = service->enabled;
+	struct strbuf var = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	loginfo("Request %s for '%s'", service->name, dir);
 
@@ -269,7 +364,7 @@ static int run_service(char *dir, struct daemon_service *service)
 		return daemon_error(dir, "service not enabled");
 	}
 
-	if (!(path = path_ok(dir)))
+	if (!(path = path_ok(dir, hi)))
 		return daemon_error(dir, "no such repository");
 
 	/*
@@ -290,11 +385,9 @@ static int run_service(char *dir, struct daemon_service *service)
 	}
 
 	if (service->overridable) {
-		service_looking_at = service;
-		service_enabled = -1;
-		git_config(git_daemon_config, NULL);
-		if (0 <= service_enabled)
-			enabled = service_enabled;
+		strbuf_addf(&var, "daemon.%s", service->config_name);
+		git_config_get_bool(var.buf, &enabled);
+		strbuf_release(&var);
 	}
 	if (!enabled) {
 		logerror("'%s': service not enabled for '%s'",
@@ -304,6 +397,13 @@ static int run_service(char *dir, struct daemon_service *service)
 	}
 
 	/*
+	 * Optionally, a hook can choose to deny access to the
+	 * repository depending on the phase of the moon.
+	 */
+	if (access_hook && run_access_hook(service, dir, path, hi))
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
 	 * We'll ignore SIGTERM from now on, we have a
 	 * good client.
 	 */
@@ -335,9 +435,8 @@ static void copy_to_log(int fd)
 
 static int run_service_command(const char **argv)
 {
-	struct child_process cld;
+	struct child_process cld = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
-	memset(&cld, 0, sizeof(cld));
 	cld.argv = argv;
 	cld.git_cmd = 1;
 	cld.err = -1;
@@ -406,14 +505,6 @@ static void make_service_overridable(const char *name, int ena)
 	die("No such service %s", name);
 }
 
-static char *xstrdup_tolower(const char *str)
-{
-	char *p, *dup = xstrdup(str);
-	for (p = dup; *p; p++)
-		*p = tolower(*p);
-	return dup;
-}
-
 static void parse_host_and_port(char *hostport, char **host,
 	char **port)
 {
@@ -442,16 +533,46 @@ static void parse_host_and_port(char *hostport, char **host,
 }
 
 /*
+ * Sanitize a string from the client so that it's OK to be inserted into a
+ * filesystem path. Specifically, we disallow slashes, runs of "..", and
+ * trailing and leading dots, which means that the client cannot escape
+ * our base path via ".." traversal.
+ */
+static void sanitize_client(struct strbuf *out, const char *in)
+{
+	for (; *in; in++) {
+		if (*in == '/')
+			continue;
+		if (*in == '.' && (!out->len || out->buf[out->len - 1] == '.'))
+			continue;
+		strbuf_addch(out, *in);
+	}
+
+	while (out->len && out->buf[out->len - 1] == '.')
+		strbuf_setlen(out, out->len - 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like sanitize_client, but we also perform any canonicalization
+ * to make life easier on the admin.
+ */
+static void canonicalize_client(struct strbuf *out, const char *in)
+{
+	sanitize_client(out, in);
+	strbuf_tolower(out);
+}
+
+/*
  * Read the host as supplied by the client connection.
  */
-static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
+static void parse_host_arg(struct hostinfo *hi, char *extra_args, int buflen)
 {
 	char *val;
 	int vallen;
 	char *end = extra_args + buflen;
 
 	if (extra_args < end && *extra_args) {
-		saw_extended_args = 1;
+		hi->saw_extended_args = 1;
 		if (strncasecmp("host=", extra_args, 5) == 0) {
 			val = extra_args + 5;
 			vallen = strlen(val) + 1;
@@ -460,12 +581,10 @@ static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
 				char *host;
 				char *port;
 				parse_host_and_port(val, &host, &port);
-				if (port) {
-					free(tcp_port);
-					tcp_port = xstrdup(port);
-				}
-				free(hostname);
-				hostname = xstrdup_tolower(host);
+				if (port)
+					sanitize_client(&hi->tcp_port, port);
+				canonicalize_client(&hi->hostname, host);
+				hi->hostname_lookup_done = 0;
 			}
 
 			/* On to the next one */
@@ -474,11 +593,14 @@ static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
 		if (extra_args < end && *extra_args)
 			die("Invalid request");
 	}
+}
 
-	/*
-	 * Locate canonical hostname and its IP address.
-	 */
-	if (hostname) {
+/*
+ * Locate canonical hostname and its IP address.
+ */
+static void lookup_hostname(struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	if (!hi->hostname_lookup_done && hi->hostname.len) {
 #ifndef NO_IPV6
 		struct addrinfo hints;
 		struct addrinfo *ai;
@@ -488,18 +610,20 @@ static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
 		memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
 		hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
 
-		gai = getaddrinfo(hostname, NULL, &hints, &ai);
+		gai = getaddrinfo(hi->hostname.buf, NULL, &hints, &ai);
 		if (!gai) {
 			struct sockaddr_in *sin_addr = (void *)ai->ai_addr;
 
 			inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sin_addr->sin_addr,
 				  addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));
-			free(ip_address);
-			ip_address = xstrdup(addrbuf);
+			strbuf_addstr(&hi->ip_address, addrbuf);
 
-			free(canon_hostname);
-			canon_hostname = xstrdup(ai->ai_canonname ?
-						 ai->ai_canonname : ip_address);
+			if (ai->ai_canonname)
+				sanitize_client(&hi->canon_hostname,
+						ai->ai_canonname);
+			else
+				strbuf_addbuf(&hi->canon_hostname,
+					      &hi->ip_address);
 
 			freeaddrinfo(ai);
 		}
@@ -509,37 +633,56 @@ static void parse_host_arg(char *extra_args, int buflen)
 		char **ap;
 		static char addrbuf[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];
 
-		hent = gethostbyname(hostname);
-
-		ap = hent->h_addr_list;
-		memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
-		sa.sin_family = hent->h_addrtype;
-		sa.sin_port = htons(0);
-		memcpy(&sa.sin_addr, *ap, hent->h_length);
+		hent = gethostbyname(hostname.buf);
+		if (hent) {
+			ap = hent->h_addr_list;
+			memset(&sa, 0, sizeof sa);
+			sa.sin_family = hent->h_addrtype;
+			sa.sin_port = htons(0);
+			memcpy(&sa.sin_addr, *ap, hent->h_length);
 
-		inet_ntop(hent->h_addrtype, &sa.sin_addr,
-			  addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));
+			inet_ntop(hent->h_addrtype, &sa.sin_addr,
+				  addrbuf, sizeof(addrbuf));
 
-		free(canon_hostname);
-		canon_hostname = xstrdup(hent->h_name);
-		free(ip_address);
-		ip_address = xstrdup(addrbuf);
+			sanitize_client(&hi->canon_hostname, hent->h_name);
+			strbuf_addstr(&hi->ip_address, addrbuf);
+		}
 #endif
+		hi->hostname_lookup_done = 1;
 	}
 }
 
+static void hostinfo_init(struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	memset(hi, 0, sizeof(*hi));
+	strbuf_init(&hi->hostname, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&hi->canon_hostname, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&hi->ip_address, 0);
+	strbuf_init(&hi->tcp_port, 0);
+}
+
+static void hostinfo_clear(struct hostinfo *hi)
+{
+	strbuf_release(&hi->hostname);
+	strbuf_release(&hi->canon_hostname);
+	strbuf_release(&hi->ip_address);
+	strbuf_release(&hi->tcp_port);
+}
 
 static int execute(void)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
+	char *line = packet_buffer;
 	int pktlen, len, i;
 	char *addr = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR"), *port = getenv("REMOTE_PORT");
+	struct hostinfo hi;
+
+	hostinfo_init(&hi);
 
 	if (addr)
 		loginfo("Connection from %s:%s", addr, port);
 
 	alarm(init_timeout ? init_timeout : timeout);
-	pktlen = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+	pktlen = packet_read(0, NULL, NULL, packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer), 0);
 	alarm(0);
 
 	len = strlen(line);
@@ -552,29 +695,27 @@ static int execute(void)
 		pktlen--;
 	}
 
-	free(hostname);
-	free(canon_hostname);
-	free(ip_address);
-	free(tcp_port);
-	hostname = canon_hostname = ip_address = tcp_port = NULL;
-
 	if (len != pktlen)
-		parse_host_arg(line + len + 1, pktlen - len - 1);
+		parse_host_arg(&hi, line + len + 1, pktlen - len - 1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(daemon_service); i++) {
 		struct daemon_service *s = &(daemon_service[i]);
-		int namelen = strlen(s->name);
-		if (!prefixcmp(line, "git-") &&
-		    !strncmp(s->name, line + 4, namelen) &&
-		    line[namelen + 4] == ' ') {
+		const char *arg;
+
+		if (skip_prefix(line, "git-", &arg) &&
+		    skip_prefix(arg, s->name, &arg) &&
+		    *arg++ == ' ') {
 			/*
 			 * Note: The directory here is probably context sensitive,
 			 * and might depend on the actual service being performed.
 			 */
-			return run_service(line + namelen + 5, s);
+			int rc = run_service(arg, s, &hi);
+			hostinfo_clear(&hi);
+			return rc;
 		}
 	}
 
+	hostinfo_clear(&hi);
 	logerror("Protocol error: '%s'", line);
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -669,7 +810,7 @@ static void check_dead_children(void)
 static char **cld_argv;
 static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 {
-	struct child_process cld = { NULL };
+	struct child_process cld = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	char addrbuf[300] = "REMOTE_ADDR=", portbuf[300];
 	char *env[] = { addrbuf, portbuf, NULL };
 
@@ -691,7 +832,7 @@ static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 		snprintf(portbuf, sizeof(portbuf), "REMOTE_PORT=%d",
 		    ntohs(sin_addr->sin_port));
 #ifndef NO_IPV6
-	} else if (addr && addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+	} else if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
 		struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6_addr = (void *) addr;
 
 		char *buf = addrbuf + 12;
@@ -714,7 +855,6 @@ static void handle(int incoming, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen)
 		logerror("unable to fork");
 	else
 		add_child(&cld, addr, addrlen);
-	close(incoming);
 }
 
 static void child_handler(int signo)
@@ -771,7 +911,6 @@ static const char *ip2str(int family, struct sockaddr *sin, socklen_t len)
 static int setup_named_sock(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct socketlist *socklist)
 {
 	int socknum = 0;
-	int maxfd = -1;
 	char pbuf[NI_MAXSERV];
 	struct addrinfo hints, *ai0, *ai;
 	int gai;
@@ -839,9 +978,6 @@ static int setup_named_sock(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct socketlis
 		ALLOC_GROW(socklist->list, socklist->nr + 1, socklist->alloc);
 		socklist->list[socklist->nr++] = sockfd;
 		socknum++;
-
-		if (maxfd < sockfd)
-			maxfd = sockfd;
 	}
 
 	freeaddrinfo(ai0);
@@ -880,7 +1016,7 @@ static int setup_named_sock(char *listen_addr, int listen_port, struct socketlis
 	}
 
 	if ( bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof sin) < 0 ) {
-		logerror("Could not listen to %s: %s",
+		logerror("Could not bind to %s: %s",
 			 ip2str(AF_INET, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)),
 			 strerror(errno));
 		close(sockfd);
@@ -978,18 +1114,6 @@ static int service_loop(struct socketlist *socklist)
 	}
 }
 
-/* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
-static void sanitize_stdfds(void)
-{
-	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
-	while (fd != -1 && fd < 2)
-		fd = dup(fd);
-	if (fd == -1)
-		die_errno("open /dev/null or dup failed");
-	if (fd > 2)
-		close(fd);
-}
-
 #ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
 
 struct credentials;
@@ -999,11 +1123,6 @@ static void drop_privileges(struct credentials *cred)
 	/* nothing */
 }
 
-static void daemonize(void)
-{
-	die("--detach not supported on this platform");
-}
-
 static struct credentials *prepare_credentials(const char *user_name,
     const char *group_name)
 {
@@ -1045,24 +1164,6 @@ static struct credentials *prepare_credentials(const char *user_name,
 
 	return &c;
 }
-
-static void daemonize(void)
-{
-	switch (fork()) {
-		case 0:
-			break;
-		case -1:
-			die_errno("fork failed");
-		default:
-			exit(0);
-	}
-	if (setsid() == -1)
-		die_errno("setsid failed");
-	close(0);
-	close(1);
-	close(2);
-	sanitize_stdfds();
-}
 #endif
 
 static void store_pid(const char *path)
@@ -1107,16 +1208,17 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		char *arg = argv[i];
+		const char *v;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--listen=")) {
-			string_list_append(&listen_addr, xstrdup_tolower(arg + 9));
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--listen=", &v)) {
+			string_list_append(&listen_addr, xstrdup_tolower(v));
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--port=")) {
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--port=", &v)) {
 			char *end;
 			unsigned long n;
-			n = strtoul(arg+7, &end, 0);
-			if (arg[7] && !*end) {
+			n = strtoul(v, &end, 0);
+			if (*v && !*end) {
 				listen_port = n;
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -1142,16 +1244,20 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			export_all_trees = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--timeout=")) {
-			timeout = atoi(arg+10);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--access-hook=", &v)) {
+			access_hook = v;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--timeout=", &v)) {
+			timeout = atoi(v);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--init-timeout=")) {
-			init_timeout = atoi(arg+15);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--init-timeout=", &v)) {
+			init_timeout = atoi(v);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-connections=")) {
-			max_connections = atoi(arg+18);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--max-connections=", &v)) {
+			max_connections = atoi(v);
 			if (max_connections < 0)
 				max_connections = 0;	        /* unlimited */
 			continue;
@@ -1160,16 +1266,16 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			strict_paths = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--base-path=")) {
-			base_path = arg+12;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--base-path=", &v)) {
+			base_path = v;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--base-path-relaxed")) {
 			base_path_relaxed = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--interpolated-path=")) {
-			interpolated_path = arg+20;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--interpolated-path=", &v)) {
+			interpolated_path = v;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--reuseaddr")) {
@@ -1180,12 +1286,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			user_path = "";
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--user-path=")) {
-			user_path = arg + 12;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--user-path=", &v)) {
+			user_path = v;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pid-file=")) {
-			pid_file = arg + 11;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--pid-file=", &v)) {
+			pid_file = v;
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!strcmp(arg, "--detach")) {
@@ -1193,35 +1299,35 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			log_syslog = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--user=")) {
-			user_name = arg + 7;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--user=", &v)) {
+			user_name = v;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--group=")) {
-			group_name = arg + 8;
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--group=", &v)) {
+			group_name = v;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--enable=")) {
-			enable_service(arg + 9, 1);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--enable=", &v)) {
+			enable_service(v, 1);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--disable=")) {
-			enable_service(arg + 10, 0);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--disable=", &v)) {
+			enable_service(v, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--allow-override=")) {
-			make_service_overridable(arg + 17, 1);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--allow-override=", &v)) {
+			make_service_overridable(v, 1);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--forbid-override=")) {
-			make_service_overridable(arg + 18, 0);
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "--forbid-override=", &v)) {
+			make_service_overridable(v, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--informative-errors")) {
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--informative-errors")) {
 			informative_errors = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--no-informative-errors")) {
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-informative-errors")) {
 			informative_errors = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -1272,9 +1378,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (inetd_mode || serve_mode)
 		return execute();
 
-	if (detach)
-		daemonize();
-	else
+	if (detach) {
+		if (daemonize())
+			die("--detach not supported on this platform");
+	} else
 		sanitize_stdfds();
 
 	if (pid_file)
diff --git a/date.c b/date.c
index a5055ca09d..3eba2dfe88 100644
--- a/date.c
+++ b/date.c
@@ -86,108 +86,136 @@ static int local_tzoffset(unsigned long time)
 	return offset * eastwest;
 }
 
-const char *show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz,
+void show_date_relative(unsigned long time, int tz,
 			       const struct timeval *now,
-			       char *timebuf,
-			       size_t timebuf_size)
+			       struct strbuf *timebuf)
 {
 	unsigned long diff;
-	if (now->tv_sec < time)
-		return "in the future";
+	if (now->tv_sec < time) {
+		strbuf_addstr(timebuf, _("in the future"));
+		return;
+	}
 	diff = now->tv_sec - time;
 	if (diff < 90) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu seconds ago", diff);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu second ago", "%lu seconds ago", diff), diff);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Turn it into minutes */
 	diff = (diff + 30) / 60;
 	if (diff < 90) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu minutes ago", diff);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu minute ago", "%lu minutes ago", diff), diff);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Turn it into hours */
 	diff = (diff + 30) / 60;
 	if (diff < 36) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu hours ago", diff);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu hour ago", "%lu hours ago", diff), diff);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* We deal with number of days from here on */
 	diff = (diff + 12) / 24;
 	if (diff < 14) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu days ago", diff);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu day ago", "%lu days ago", diff), diff);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Say weeks for the past 10 weeks or so */
 	if (diff < 70) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu weeks ago", (diff + 3) / 7);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu week ago", "%lu weeks ago", (diff + 3) / 7),
+			 (diff + 3) / 7);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Say months for the past 12 months or so */
 	if (diff < 365) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu months ago", (diff + 15) / 30);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+			 Q_("%lu month ago", "%lu months ago", (diff + 15) / 30),
+			 (diff + 15) / 30);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Give years and months for 5 years or so */
 	if (diff < 1825) {
 		unsigned long totalmonths = (diff * 12 * 2 + 365) / (365 * 2);
 		unsigned long years = totalmonths / 12;
 		unsigned long months = totalmonths % 12;
-		int n;
-		n = snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu year%s",
-				years, (years > 1 ? "s" : ""));
-		if (months)
-			snprintf(timebuf + n, timebuf_size - n,
-					", %lu month%s ago",
-					months, (months > 1 ? "s" : ""));
-		else
-			snprintf(timebuf + n, timebuf_size - n, " ago");
-		return timebuf;
+		if (months) {
+			struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, Q_("%lu year", "%lu years", years), years);
+			strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+				 /* TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years" */
+				 Q_("%s, %lu month ago", "%s, %lu months ago", months),
+				 sb.buf, months);
+			strbuf_release(&sb);
+		} else
+			strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+				 Q_("%lu year ago", "%lu years ago", years), years);
+		return;
 	}
 	/* Otherwise, just years. Centuries is probably overkill. */
-	snprintf(timebuf, timebuf_size, "%lu years ago", (diff + 183) / 365);
-	return timebuf;
+	strbuf_addf(timebuf,
+		 Q_("%lu year ago", "%lu years ago", (diff + 183) / 365),
+		 (diff + 183) / 365);
 }
 
 const char *show_date(unsigned long time, int tz, enum date_mode mode)
 {
 	struct tm *tm;
-	static char timebuf[200];
+	static struct strbuf timebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (mode == DATE_RAW) {
-		snprintf(timebuf, sizeof(timebuf), "%lu %+05d", time, tz);
-		return timebuf;
+		strbuf_reset(&timebuf);
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%lu %+05d", time, tz);
+		return timebuf.buf;
 	}
 
 	if (mode == DATE_RELATIVE) {
 		struct timeval now;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&timebuf);
 		gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
-		return show_date_relative(time, tz, &now,
-					  timebuf, sizeof(timebuf));
+		show_date_relative(time, tz, &now, &timebuf);
+		return timebuf.buf;
 	}
 
 	if (mode == DATE_LOCAL)
 		tz = local_tzoffset(time);
 
 	tm = time_to_tm(time, tz);
-	if (!tm)
-		return NULL;
+	if (!tm) {
+		tm = time_to_tm(0, 0);
+		tz = 0;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(&timebuf);
 	if (mode == DATE_SHORT)
-		sprintf(timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d", tm->tm_year + 1900,
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d", tm->tm_year + 1900,
 				tm->tm_mon + 1, tm->tm_mday);
 	else if (mode == DATE_ISO8601)
-		sprintf(timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %+05d",
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d %+05d",
 				tm->tm_year + 1900,
 				tm->tm_mon + 1,
 				tm->tm_mday,
 				tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec,
 				tz);
-	else if (mode == DATE_RFC2822)
-		sprintf(timebuf, "%.3s, %d %.3s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %+05d",
+	else if (mode == DATE_ISO8601_STRICT) {
+		char sign = (tz >= 0) ? '+' : '-';
+		tz = abs(tz);
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%04d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d%c%02d:%02d",
+				tm->tm_year + 1900,
+				tm->tm_mon + 1,
+				tm->tm_mday,
+				tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec,
+				sign, tz / 100, tz % 100);
+	} else if (mode == DATE_RFC2822)
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%.3s, %d %.3s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %+05d",
 			weekday_names[tm->tm_wday], tm->tm_mday,
 			month_names[tm->tm_mon], tm->tm_year + 1900,
 			tm->tm_hour, tm->tm_min, tm->tm_sec, tz);
 	else
-		sprintf(timebuf, "%.3s %.3s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %d%c%+05d",
+		strbuf_addf(&timebuf, "%.3s %.3s %d %02d:%02d:%02d %d%c%+05d",
 				weekday_names[tm->tm_wday],
 				month_names[tm->tm_mon],
 				tm->tm_mday,
@@ -195,7 +223,7 @@ const char *show_date(unsigned long time, int tz, enum date_mode mode)
 				tm->tm_year + 1900,
 				(mode == DATE_LOCAL) ? 0 : ' ',
 				tz);
-	return timebuf;
+	return timebuf.buf;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -366,7 +394,7 @@ static int is_date(int year, int month, int day, struct tm *now_tm, time_t now,
 		 * sense to specify timestamp way into the future.  Make
 		 * sure it is not later than ten days from now...
 		 */
-		if (now + 10*24*3600 < specified)
+		if ((specified != -1) && (now + 10*24*3600 < specified))
 			return 0;
 		tm->tm_mon = r->tm_mon;
 		tm->tm_mday = r->tm_mday;
@@ -377,9 +405,9 @@ static int is_date(int year, int month, int day, struct tm *now_tm, time_t now,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int match_multi_number(unsigned long num, char c, const char *date, char *end, struct tm *tm)
+static int match_multi_number(unsigned long num, char c, const char *date,
+			      char *end, struct tm *tm, time_t now)
 {
-	time_t now;
 	struct tm now_tm;
 	struct tm *refuse_future;
 	long num2, num3;
@@ -405,17 +433,18 @@ static int match_multi_number(unsigned long num, char c, const char *date, char
 	case '-':
 	case '/':
 	case '.':
-		now = time(NULL);
+		if (!now)
+			now = time(NULL);
 		refuse_future = NULL;
 		if (gmtime_r(&now, &now_tm))
 			refuse_future = &now_tm;
 
 		if (num > 70) {
 			/* yyyy-mm-dd? */
-			if (is_date(num, num2, num3, refuse_future, now, tm))
+			if (is_date(num, num2, num3, NULL, now, tm))
 				break;
 			/* yyyy-dd-mm? */
-			if (is_date(num, num3, num2, refuse_future, now, tm))
+			if (is_date(num, num3, num2, NULL, now, tm))
 				break;
 		}
 		/* Our eastern European friends say dd.mm.yy[yy]
@@ -485,7 +514,7 @@ static int match_digit(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *offset, int *tm_gmt
 	case '/':
 	case '-':
 		if (isdigit(end[1])) {
-			int match = match_multi_number(num, *end, date, end, tm);
+			int match = match_multi_number(num, *end, date, end, tm, 0);
 			if (match)
 				return match;
 		}
@@ -586,7 +615,7 @@ static int match_tz(const char *date, int *offp)
 	return end - date;
 }
 
-static int date_string(unsigned long date, int offset, char *buf, int len)
+static void date_string(unsigned long date, int offset, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	int sign = '+';
 
@@ -594,7 +623,7 @@ static int date_string(unsigned long date, int offset, char *buf, int len)
 		offset = -offset;
 		sign = '-';
 	}
-	return snprintf(buf, len, "%lu %c%02d%02d", date, sign, offset / 60, offset % 60);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%lu %c%02d%02d", date, sign, offset / 60, offset % 60);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -607,7 +636,7 @@ static int match_object_header_date(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp,
 	unsigned long stamp;
 	int ofs;
 
-	if (*date < '0' || '9' <= *date)
+	if (*date < '0' || '9' < *date)
 		return -1;
 	stamp = strtoul(date, &end, 10);
 	if (*end != ' ' || stamp == ULONG_MAX || (end[1] != '+' && end[1] != '-'))
@@ -677,8 +706,14 @@ int parse_date_basic(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset)
 
 	/* mktime uses local timezone */
 	*timestamp = tm_to_time_t(&tm);
-	if (*offset == -1)
-		*offset = ((time_t)*timestamp - mktime(&tm)) / 60;
+	if (*offset == -1) {
+		time_t temp_time = mktime(&tm);
+		if ((time_t)*timestamp > temp_time) {
+			*offset = ((time_t)*timestamp - temp_time) / 60;
+		} else {
+			*offset = -(int)((temp_time - (time_t)*timestamp) / 60);
+		}
+	}
 
 	if (*timestamp == -1)
 		return -1;
@@ -688,13 +723,36 @@ int parse_date_basic(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp, int *offset)
 	return 0; /* success */
 }
 
-int parse_date(const char *date, char *result, int maxlen)
+int parse_expiry_date(const char *date, unsigned long *timestamp)
+{
+	int errors = 0;
+
+	if (!strcmp(date, "never") || !strcmp(date, "false"))
+		*timestamp = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(date, "all") || !strcmp(date, "now"))
+		/*
+		 * We take over "now" here, which usually translates
+		 * to the current timestamp.  This is because the user
+		 * really means to expire everything she has done in
+		 * the past, and by definition reflogs are the record
+		 * of the past, and there is nothing from the future
+		 * to be kept.
+		 */
+		*timestamp = ULONG_MAX;
+	else
+		*timestamp = approxidate_careful(date, &errors);
+
+	return errors;
+}
+
+int parse_date(const char *date, struct strbuf *result)
 {
 	unsigned long timestamp;
 	int offset;
 	if (parse_date_basic(date, &timestamp, &offset))
 		return -1;
-	return date_string(timestamp, offset, result, maxlen);
+	date_string(timestamp, offset, result);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 enum date_mode parse_date_format(const char *format)
@@ -704,6 +762,9 @@ enum date_mode parse_date_format(const char *format)
 	else if (!strcmp(format, "iso8601") ||
 		 !strcmp(format, "iso"))
 		return DATE_ISO8601;
+	else if (!strcmp(format, "iso8601-strict") ||
+		 !strcmp(format, "iso-strict"))
+		return DATE_ISO8601_STRICT;
 	else if (!strcmp(format, "rfc2822") ||
 		 !strcmp(format, "rfc"))
 		return DATE_RFC2822;
@@ -719,7 +780,7 @@ enum date_mode parse_date_format(const char *format)
 		die("unknown date format %s", format);
 }
 
-void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize)
+void datestamp(struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	time_t now;
 	int offset;
@@ -729,7 +790,7 @@ void datestamp(char *buf, int bufsize)
 	offset = tm_to_time_t(localtime(&now)) - now;
 	offset /= 60;
 
-	date_string(now, offset, buf, bufsize);
+	date_string(now, offset, out);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -862,7 +923,7 @@ static const char *approxidate_alpha(const char *date, struct tm *tm, struct tm
 	const char *end = date;
 	int i;
 
-	while (isalpha(*++end));
+	while (isalpha(*++end))
 		;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
@@ -953,7 +1014,8 @@ static const char *approxidate_alpha(const char *date, struct tm *tm, struct tm
 	return end;
 }
 
-static const char *approxidate_digit(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *num)
+static const char *approxidate_digit(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *num,
+				     time_t now)
 {
 	char *end;
 	unsigned long number = strtoul(date, &end, 10);
@@ -964,7 +1026,8 @@ static const char *approxidate_digit(const char *date, struct tm *tm, int *num)
 	case '/':
 	case '-':
 		if (isdigit(end[1])) {
-			int match = match_multi_number(number, *end, date, end, tm);
+			int match = match_multi_number(number, *end, date, end,
+						       tm, now);
 			if (match)
 				return date + match;
 		}
@@ -1027,7 +1090,7 @@ static unsigned long approxidate_str(const char *date,
 		date++;
 		if (isdigit(c)) {
 			pending_number(&tm, &number);
-			date = approxidate_digit(date-1, &tm, &number);
+			date = approxidate_digit(date-1, &tm, &number, time_sec);
 			touched = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -1068,3 +1131,20 @@ unsigned long approxidate_careful(const char *date, int *error_ret)
 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
 	return approxidate_str(date, &tv, error_ret);
 }
+
+int date_overflows(unsigned long t)
+{
+	time_t sys;
+
+	/* If we overflowed our unsigned long, that's bad... */
+	if (t == ULONG_MAX)
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * ...but we also are going to feed the result to system
+	 * functions that expect time_t, which is often "signed long".
+	 * Make sure that we fit into time_t, as well.
+	 */
+	sys = t;
+	return t != sys || (t < 1) != (sys < 1);
+}
diff --git a/decorate.c b/decorate.c
index 2f8a63e388..b2aac90c26 100644
--- a/decorate.c
+++ b/decorate.c
@@ -8,10 +8,7 @@
 
 static unsigned int hash_obj(const struct object *obj, unsigned int n)
 {
-	unsigned int hash;
-
-	memcpy(&hash, obj->sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	return hash % n;
+	return sha1hash(obj->sha1) % n;
 }
 
 static void *insert_decoration(struct decoration *n, const struct object *base, void *decoration)
@@ -49,7 +46,7 @@ static void grow_decoration(struct decoration *n)
 		const struct object *base = old_hash[i].base;
 		void *decoration = old_hash[i].decoration;
 
-		if (!base)
+		if (!decoration)
 			continue;
 		insert_decoration(n, base, decoration);
 	}
diff --git a/delta.h b/delta.h
index b9d333dd5a..9b67531dfa 100644
--- a/delta.h
+++ b/delta.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ struct delta_index;
  *
  * This returns a pointer to a struct delta_index that should be passed to
  * subsequent create_delta() calls, or to free_delta_index().  A NULL pointer
- * is returned on failure.  The given buffer must not be freed nor altered
+ * is returned on failure.  The given buffer must not be freed or altered
  * before free_delta_index() is called.  The returned pointer must be freed
  * using free_delta_index().
  */
diff --git a/diff-delta.c b/diff-delta.c
index 93385e12ba..3797ce6041 100644
--- a/diff-delta.c
+++ b/diff-delta.c
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ struct delta_index * create_delta_index(const void *buf, unsigned long bufsize)
 		entries = 0xfffffffeU / RABIN_WINDOW;
 	}
 	hsize = entries / 4;
-	for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize && i < 31; i++);
+	for (i = 4; (1u << i) < hsize; i++);
 	hsize = 1 << i;
 	hmask = hsize - 1;
 
diff --git a/diff-lib.c b/diff-lib.c
index fc0dff31b5..a85c4971ac 100644
--- a/diff-lib.c
+++ b/diff-lib.c
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 /*
  * diff-files
@@ -64,8 +65,9 @@ static int check_removed(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
  * commits, untracked content and/or modified content).
  */
 static int match_stat_with_submodule(struct diff_options *diffopt,
-				      struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
-				      unsigned ce_option, unsigned *dirty_submodule)
+				     const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				     struct stat *st, unsigned ce_option,
+				     unsigned *dirty_submodule)
 {
 	int changed = ce_match_stat(ce, st, ce_option);
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
@@ -86,7 +88,6 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 {
 	int entries, i;
 	int diff_unmerged_stage = revs->max_count;
-	int silent_on_removed = option & DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
 	unsigned ce_option = ((option & DIFF_RACY_IS_MODIFIED)
 			      ? CE_MATCH_RACY_IS_DIRTY : 0);
 
@@ -96,16 +97,16 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 		diff_unmerged_stage = 2;
 	entries = active_nr;
 	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
-		struct stat st;
 		unsigned int oldmode, newmode;
 		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		int changed;
 		unsigned dirty_submodule = 0;
+		const unsigned char *old_sha1, *new_sha1;
 
 		if (diff_can_quit_early(&revs->diffopt))
 			break;
 
-		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &revs->prune_data))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &revs->prune_data, NULL))
 			continue;
 
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 			unsigned int wt_mode = 0;
 			int num_compare_stages = 0;
 			size_t path_len;
+			struct stat st;
 
 			path_len = ce_namelen(ce);
 
@@ -121,7 +123,6 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 			dpath->path = (char *) &(dpath->parent[5]);
 
 			dpath->next = NULL;
-			dpath->len = path_len;
 			memcpy(dpath->path, ce->name, path_len);
 			dpath->path[path_len] = '\0';
 			hashclr(dpath->sha1);
@@ -136,8 +137,6 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 					perror(ce->name);
 					continue;
 				}
-				if (silent_on_removed)
-					continue;
 				wt_mode = 0;
 			}
 			dpath->mode = wt_mode;
@@ -197,29 +196,41 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 			continue;
 
 		/* If CE_VALID is set, don't look at workdir for file removal */
-		changed = (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) ? 0 : check_removed(ce, &st);
-		if (changed) {
-			if (changed < 0) {
-				perror(ce->name);
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID) {
+			changed = 0;
+			newmode = ce->ce_mode;
+		} else {
+			struct stat st;
+
+			changed = check_removed(ce, &st);
+			if (changed) {
+				if (changed < 0) {
+					perror(ce->name);
+					continue;
+				}
+				diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, '-', ce->ce_mode,
+					       ce->sha1, !is_null_sha1(ce->sha1),
+					       ce->name, 0);
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (silent_on_removed)
-				continue;
-			diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, '-', ce->ce_mode,
-				       ce->sha1, ce->name, 0);
-			continue;
+
+			changed = match_stat_with_submodule(&revs->diffopt, ce, &st,
+							    ce_option, &dirty_submodule);
+			newmode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
 		}
-		changed = match_stat_with_submodule(&revs->diffopt, ce, &st,
-						    ce_option, &dirty_submodule);
+
 		if (!changed && !dirty_submodule) {
 			ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
 			if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER))
 				continue;
 		}
 		oldmode = ce->ce_mode;
-		newmode = ce_mode_from_stat(ce, st.st_mode);
+		old_sha1 = ce->sha1;
+		new_sha1 = changed ? null_sha1 : ce->sha1;
 		diff_change(&revs->diffopt, oldmode, newmode,
-			    ce->sha1, (changed ? null_sha1 : ce->sha1),
+			    old_sha1, new_sha1,
+			    !is_null_sha1(old_sha1),
+			    !is_null_sha1(new_sha1),
 			    ce->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
 
 	}
@@ -235,15 +246,16 @@ int run_diff_files(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned int option)
 /* A file entry went away or appeared */
 static void diff_index_show_file(struct rev_info *revs,
 				 const char *prefix,
-				 struct cache_entry *ce,
-				 const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int mode,
+				 const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				 const unsigned char *sha1, int sha1_valid,
+				 unsigned int mode,
 				 unsigned dirty_submodule)
 {
 	diff_addremove(&revs->diffopt, prefix[0], mode,
-		       sha1, ce->name, dirty_submodule);
+		       sha1, sha1_valid, ce->name, dirty_submodule);
 }
 
-static int get_stat_data(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int get_stat_data(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			 const unsigned char **sha1p,
 			 unsigned int *modep,
 			 int cached, int match_missing,
@@ -280,7 +292,7 @@ static int get_stat_data(struct cache_entry *ce,
 }
 
 static void show_new_file(struct rev_info *revs,
-			  struct cache_entry *new,
+			  const struct cache_entry *new,
 			  int cached, int match_missing)
 {
 	const unsigned char *sha1;
@@ -295,12 +307,12 @@ static void show_new_file(struct rev_info *revs,
 	    &dirty_submodule, &revs->diffopt) < 0)
 		return;
 
-	diff_index_show_file(revs, "+", new, sha1, mode, dirty_submodule);
+	diff_index_show_file(revs, "+", new, sha1, !is_null_sha1(sha1), mode, dirty_submodule);
 }
 
 static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
-			 struct cache_entry *old,
-			 struct cache_entry *new,
+			 const struct cache_entry *old,
+			 const struct cache_entry *new,
 			 int report_missing,
 			 int cached, int match_missing)
 {
@@ -312,7 +324,7 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
 			  &dirty_submodule, &revs->diffopt) < 0) {
 		if (report_missing)
 			diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", old,
-					     old->sha1, old->ce_mode, 0);
+					     old->sha1, 1, old->ce_mode, 0);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -324,7 +336,6 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
 		p = xmalloc(combine_diff_path_size(2, pathlen));
 		p->path = (char *) &p->parent[2];
 		p->next = NULL;
-		p->len = pathlen;
 		memcpy(p->path, new->name, pathlen);
 		p->path[pathlen] = 0;
 		p->mode = mode;
@@ -347,7 +358,8 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
 		return 0;
 
 	diff_change(&revs->diffopt, oldmode, mode,
-		    old->sha1, sha1, old->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
+		    old->sha1, sha1, 1, !is_null_sha1(sha1),
+		    old->name, 0, dirty_submodule);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -358,8 +370,8 @@ static int show_modified(struct rev_info *revs,
  * give you the position and number of entries in the index).
  */
 static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
-	struct cache_entry *idx,
-	struct cache_entry *tree)
+			   const struct cache_entry *idx,
+			   const struct cache_entry *tree)
 {
 	struct rev_info *revs = o->unpack_data;
 	int match_missing, cached;
@@ -380,7 +392,7 @@ static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
 		struct diff_filepair *pair;
 		pair = diff_unmerge(&revs->diffopt, idx->name);
 		if (tree)
-			fill_filespec(pair->one, tree->sha1, tree->ce_mode);
+			fill_filespec(pair->one, tree->sha1, 1, tree->ce_mode);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -396,7 +408,7 @@ static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
 	 * Something removed from the tree?
 	 */
 	if (!idx) {
-		diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", tree, tree->sha1, tree->ce_mode, 0);
+		diff_index_show_file(revs, "-", tree, tree->sha1, 1, tree->ce_mode, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -419,10 +431,11 @@ static void do_oneway_diff(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
  * the fairly complex unpack_trees() semantic requirements, including
  * the skipping, the path matching, the type conflict cases etc.
  */
-static int oneway_diff(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int oneway_diff(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *idx = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *tree = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *idx = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *tree = src[1];
 	struct rev_info *revs = o->unpack_data;
 
 	/*
@@ -434,7 +447,7 @@ static int oneway_diff(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	if (tree == o->df_conflict_entry)
 		tree = NULL;
 
-	if (ce_path_match(idx ? idx : tree, &revs->prune_data)) {
+	if (ce_path_match(idx ? idx : tree, &revs->prune_data, NULL)) {
 		do_oneway_diff(o, idx, tree);
 		if (diff_can_quit_early(&revs->diffopt)) {
 			o->exiting_early = 1;
@@ -470,7 +483,6 @@ static int diff_cache(struct rev_info *revs,
 	opts.dst_index = NULL;
 	opts.pathspec = &revs->diffopt.pathspec;
 	opts.pathspec->recursive = 1;
-	opts.pathspec->max_depth = -1;
 
 	init_tree_desc(&t, tree->buffer, tree->size);
 	return unpack_trees(1, &t, &opts);
@@ -496,7 +508,7 @@ int do_diff_cache(const unsigned char *tree_sha1, struct diff_options *opt)
 	struct rev_info revs;
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
-	init_pathspec(&revs.prune_data, opt->pathspec.raw);
+	copy_pathspec(&revs.prune_data, &opt->pathspec);
 	revs.diffopt = *opt;
 
 	if (diff_cache(&revs, tree_sha1, NULL, 1))
diff --git a/diff-no-index.c b/diff-no-index.c
index 3a36144687..265709ba8c 100644
--- a/diff-no-index.c
+++ b/diff-no-index.c
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
-static int read_directory(const char *path, struct string_list *list)
+static int read_directory_contents(const char *path, struct string_list *list)
 {
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *e;
@@ -25,24 +26,31 @@ static int read_directory(const char *path, struct string_list *list)
 		return error("Could not open directory %s", path);
 
 	while ((e = readdir(dir)))
-		if (strcmp(".", e->d_name) && strcmp("..", e->d_name))
+		if (!is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
 			string_list_insert(list, e->d_name);
 
 	closedir(dir);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * This should be "(standard input)" or something, but it will
+ * probably expose many more breakages in the way no-index code
+ * is bolted onto the diff callchain.
+ */
+static const char file_from_standard_input[] = "-";
+
 static int get_mode(const char *path, int *mode)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (!path || !strcmp(path, "/dev/null"))
 		*mode = 0;
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	else if (!strcasecmp(path, "nul"))
 		*mode = 0;
 #endif
-	else if (!strcmp(path, "-"))
+	else if (path == file_from_standard_input)
 		*mode = create_ce_mode(0666);
 	else if (lstat(path, &st))
 		return error("Could not access '%s'", path);
@@ -51,8 +59,38 @@ static int get_mode(const char *path, int *mode)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int populate_from_stdin(struct diff_filespec *s)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t size = 0;
+
+	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
+		return error("error while reading from stdin %s",
+				     strerror(errno));
+
+	s->should_munmap = 0;
+	s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
+	s->size = size;
+	s->should_free = 1;
+	s->is_stdin = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct diff_filespec *noindex_filespec(const char *name, int mode)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *s;
+
+	if (!name)
+		name = "/dev/null";
+	s = alloc_filespec(name);
+	fill_filespec(s, null_sha1, 0, mode);
+	if (name == file_from_standard_input)
+		populate_from_stdin(s);
+	return s;
+}
+
 static int queue_diff(struct diff_options *o,
-		const char *name1, const char *name2)
+		      const char *name1, const char *name2)
 {
 	int mode1 = 0, mode2 = 0;
 
@@ -63,66 +101,68 @@ static int queue_diff(struct diff_options *o,
 		return error("file/directory conflict: %s, %s", name1, name2);
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode1) || S_ISDIR(mode2)) {
-		char buffer1[PATH_MAX], buffer2[PATH_MAX];
+		struct strbuf buffer1 = STRBUF_INIT;
+		struct strbuf buffer2 = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct string_list p1 = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 		struct string_list p2 = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
-		int len1 = 0, len2 = 0, i1, i2, ret = 0;
+		int i1, i2, ret = 0;
+		size_t len1 = 0, len2 = 0;
 
-		if (name1 && read_directory(name1, &p1))
+		if (name1 && read_directory_contents(name1, &p1))
 			return -1;
-		if (name2 && read_directory(name2, &p2)) {
+		if (name2 && read_directory_contents(name2, &p2)) {
 			string_list_clear(&p1, 0);
 			return -1;
 		}
 
 		if (name1) {
-			len1 = strlen(name1);
-			if (len1 > 0 && name1[len1 - 1] == '/')
-				len1--;
-			memcpy(buffer1, name1, len1);
-			buffer1[len1++] = '/';
+			strbuf_addstr(&buffer1, name1);
+			if (buffer1.len && buffer1.buf[buffer1.len - 1] != '/')
+				strbuf_addch(&buffer1, '/');
+			len1 = buffer1.len;
 		}
 
 		if (name2) {
-			len2 = strlen(name2);
-			if (len2 > 0 && name2[len2 - 1] == '/')
-				len2--;
-			memcpy(buffer2, name2, len2);
-			buffer2[len2++] = '/';
+			strbuf_addstr(&buffer2, name2);
+			if (buffer2.len && buffer2.buf[buffer2.len - 1] != '/')
+				strbuf_addch(&buffer2, '/');
+			len2 = buffer2.len;
 		}
 
 		for (i1 = i2 = 0; !ret && (i1 < p1.nr || i2 < p2.nr); ) {
 			const char *n1, *n2;
 			int comp;
 
+			strbuf_setlen(&buffer1, len1);
+			strbuf_setlen(&buffer2, len2);
+
 			if (i1 == p1.nr)
 				comp = 1;
 			else if (i2 == p2.nr)
 				comp = -1;
 			else
-				comp = strcmp(p1.items[i1].string,
-					p2.items[i2].string);
+				comp = strcmp(p1.items[i1].string, p2.items[i2].string);
 
 			if (comp > 0)
 				n1 = NULL;
 			else {
-				n1 = buffer1;
-				strncpy(buffer1 + len1, p1.items[i1++].string,
-						PATH_MAX - len1);
+				strbuf_addstr(&buffer1, p1.items[i1++].string);
+				n1 = buffer1.buf;
 			}
 
 			if (comp < 0)
 				n2 = NULL;
 			else {
-				n2 = buffer2;
-				strncpy(buffer2 + len2, p2.items[i2++].string,
-						PATH_MAX - len2);
+				strbuf_addstr(&buffer2, p2.items[i2++].string);
+				n2 = buffer2.buf;
 			}
 
 			ret = queue_diff(o, n1, n2);
 		}
 		string_list_clear(&p1, 0);
 		string_list_clear(&p2, 0);
+		strbuf_release(&buffer1);
+		strbuf_release(&buffer2);
 
 		return ret;
 	} else {
@@ -135,133 +175,61 @@ static int queue_diff(struct diff_options *o,
 			tmp_c = name1; name1 = name2; name2 = tmp_c;
 		}
 
-		if (!name1)
-			name1 = "/dev/null";
-		if (!name2)
-			name2 = "/dev/null";
-		d1 = alloc_filespec(name1);
-		d2 = alloc_filespec(name2);
-		fill_filespec(d1, null_sha1, mode1);
-		fill_filespec(d2, null_sha1, mode2);
-
+		d1 = noindex_filespec(name1, mode1);
+		d2 = noindex_filespec(name2, mode2);
 		diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, d1, d2);
 		return 0;
 	}
 }
 
-static int path_outside_repo(const char *path)
-{
-	const char *work_tree;
-	size_t len;
-
-	if (!is_absolute_path(path))
-		return 0;
-	work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
-	if (!work_tree)
-		return 1;
-	len = strlen(work_tree);
-	if (strncmp(path, work_tree, len) ||
-	    (path[len] != '\0' && path[len] != '/'))
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 		   int argc, const char **argv,
-		   int nongit, const char *prefix)
+		   const char *prefix)
 {
-	int i;
-	int no_index = 0;
-	unsigned options = 0;
-
-	/* Were we asked to do --no-index explicitly? */
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--")) {
-			i++;
-			break;
-		}
-		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-index"))
-			no_index = 1;
-		if (argv[i][0] != '-')
-			break;
-	}
-
-	if (!no_index && !nongit) {
-		/*
-		 * Inside a git repository, without --no-index.  Only
-		 * when a path outside the repository is given,
-		 * e.g. "git diff /var/tmp/[12]", or "git diff
-		 * Makefile /var/tmp/Makefile", allow it to be used as
-		 * a colourful "diff" replacement.
-		 */
-		if ((argc != i + 2) ||
-		    (!path_outside_repo(argv[i]) &&
-		     !path_outside_repo(argv[i+1])))
-			return;
-	}
-	if (argc != i + 2)
-		usagef("git diff %s <path> <path>",
-		       no_index ? "--no-index" : "[--no-index]");
+	int i, prefixlen;
+	const char *paths[2];
 
 	diff_setup(&revs->diffopt);
 	for (i = 1; i < argc - 2; ) {
 		int j;
 		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-index"))
 			i++;
-		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-q")) {
-			options |= DIFF_SILENT_ON_REMOVED;
-			i++;
-		}
 		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--"))
 			i++;
 		else {
 			j = diff_opt_parse(&revs->diffopt, argv + i, argc - i);
-			if (!j)
+			if (j <= 0)
 				die("invalid diff option/value: %s", argv[i]);
 			i += j;
 		}
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * If the user asked for our exit code then don't start a
-	 * pager or we would end up reporting its exit code instead.
-	 */
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS))
-		setup_pager();
-
-	if (prefix) {
-		int len = strlen(prefix);
-		const char *paths[3];
-		memset(paths, 0, sizeof(paths));
-
-		for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-			const char *p = argv[argc - 2 + i];
+	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+		const char *p = argv[argc - 2 + i];
+		if (!strcmp(p, "-"))
 			/*
-			 * stdin should be spelled as '-'; if you have
-			 * path that is '-', spell it as ./-.
+			 * stdin should be spelled as "-"; if you have
+			 * path that is "-", spell it as "./-".
 			 */
-			p = (strcmp(p, "-")
-			     ? xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, len, p))
-			     : p);
-			paths[i] = p;
-		}
-		diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &revs->diffopt);
+			p = file_from_standard_input;
+		else if (prefixlen)
+			p = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, prefixlen, p));
+		paths[i] = p;
 	}
-	else
-		diff_tree_setup_paths(argv + argc - 2, &revs->diffopt);
 	revs->diffopt.skip_stat_unmatch = 1;
 	if (!revs->diffopt.output_format)
 		revs->diffopt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
 
-	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, NO_INDEX);
 
 	revs->max_count = -2;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt);
+
+	setup_diff_pager(&revs->diffopt);
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
 
-	if (queue_diff(&revs->diffopt, revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw[0],
-		       revs->diffopt.pathspec.raw[1]))
+	if (queue_diff(&revs->diffopt, paths[0], paths[1]))
 		exit(1);
 	diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(&revs->diffopt, "1/", "2/");
 	diffcore_std(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -271,5 +239,5 @@ void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *revs,
 	 * The return code for --no-index imitates diff(1):
 	 * 0 = no changes, 1 = changes, else error
 	 */
-	exit(revs->diffopt.found_changes);
+	exit(diff_result_code(&revs->diffopt, 0));
 }
diff --git a/diff.c b/diff.c
index a1c06b554b..7500c55095 100644
--- a/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 #ifdef NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
 #define FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY 0
@@ -25,14 +27,18 @@
 static int diff_detect_rename_default;
 static int diff_rename_limit_default = 400;
 static int diff_suppress_blank_empty;
-int diff_use_color_default = -1;
+static int diff_use_color_default = -1;
+static int diff_context_default = 3;
 static const char *diff_word_regex_cfg;
 static const char *external_diff_cmd_cfg;
+static const char *diff_order_file_cfg;
 int diff_auto_refresh_index = 1;
 static int diff_mnemonic_prefix;
 static int diff_no_prefix;
+static int diff_stat_graph_width;
 static int diff_dirstat_permille_default = 30;
 static struct diff_options default_diff_options;
+static long diff_algorithm;
 
 static char diff_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
@@ -46,47 +52,51 @@ static char diff_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,	/* FUNCINFO */
 };
 
-static int parse_diff_color_slot(const char *var, int ofs)
+static int parse_diff_color_slot(const char *var)
 {
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "plain"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "plain"))
 		return DIFF_PLAIN;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "meta"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "meta"))
 		return DIFF_METAINFO;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "frag"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "frag"))
 		return DIFF_FRAGINFO;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "old"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "old"))
 		return DIFF_FILE_OLD;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "new"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "new"))
 		return DIFF_FILE_NEW;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "commit"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "commit"))
 		return DIFF_COMMIT;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "whitespace"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "whitespace"))
 		return DIFF_WHITESPACE;
-	if (!strcasecmp(var+ofs, "func"))
+	if (!strcasecmp(var, "func"))
 		return DIFF_FUNCINFO;
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int parse_dirstat_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *params,
+static int parse_dirstat_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *params_string,
 				struct strbuf *errmsg)
 {
-	const char *p = params;
-	int p_len, ret = 0;
+	char *params_copy = xstrdup(params_string);
+	struct string_list params = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
 
-	while (*p) {
-		p_len = strchrnul(p, ',') - p;
-		if (!memcmp(p, "changes", p_len)) {
+	if (*params_copy)
+		string_list_split_in_place(&params, params_copy, ',', -1);
+	for (i = 0; i < params.nr; i++) {
+		const char *p = params.items[i].string;
+		if (!strcmp(p, "changes")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "lines", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "lines")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "files", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "files")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_BY_LINE);
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_BY_FILE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "noncumulative", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "noncumulative")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE);
-		} else if (!memcmp(p, "cumulative", p_len)) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(p, "cumulative")) {
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, DIRSTAT_CUMULATIVE);
 		} else if (isdigit(*p)) {
 			char *end;
@@ -98,27 +108,35 @@ static int parse_dirstat_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *params
 				while (isdigit(*++end))
 					; /* nothing */
 			}
-			if (end - p == p_len)
+			if (!*end)
 				options->dirstat_permille = permille;
 			else {
-				strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"),
-					    p_len, p);
+				strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"),
+					    p);
 				ret++;
 			}
 		} else {
-			strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"),
-				    p_len, p);
+			strbuf_addf(errmsg, _("  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"), p);
 			ret++;
 		}
 
-		p += p_len;
-
-		if (*p)
-			p++; /* more parameters, swallow separator */
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&params, 0);
+	free(params_copy);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int parse_submodule_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(value, "log"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
+	else if (!strcmp(value, "short"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int git_config_rename(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
 	if (!value)
@@ -128,6 +146,21 @@ static int git_config_rename(const char *var, const char *value)
 	return git_config_bool(var,value) ? DIFF_DETECT_RENAME : 0;
 }
 
+long parse_algorithm_value(const char *value)
+{
+	if (!value)
+		return -1;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "myers") || !strcasecmp(value, "default"))
+		return 0;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "minimal"))
+		return XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "patience"))
+		return XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(value, "histogram"))
+		return XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 /*
  * These are to give UI layer defaults.
  * The core-level commands such as git-diff-files should
@@ -140,6 +173,12 @@ int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		diff_use_color_default = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.context")) {
+		diff_context_default = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (diff_context_default < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.renames")) {
 		diff_detect_rename_default = git_config_rename(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -156,14 +195,34 @@ int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		diff_no_prefix = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.statgraphwidth")) {
+		diff_stat_graph_width = git_config_int(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.external"))
 		return git_config_string(&external_diff_cmd_cfg, var, value);
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.wordregex"))
 		return git_config_string(&diff_word_regex_cfg, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.orderfile"))
+		return git_config_pathname(&diff_order_file_cfg, var, value);
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.ignoresubmodules"))
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&default_diff_options, value);
 
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.submodule")) {
+		if (parse_submodule_params(&default_diff_options, value))
+			warning(_("Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"),
+				value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.algorithm")) {
+		diff_algorithm = parse_algorithm_value(value);
+		if (diff_algorithm < 0)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (git_color_config(var, value, cb) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
@@ -172,6 +231,8 @@ int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	const char *name;
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.renamelimit")) {
 		diff_rename_limit_default = git_config_int(var, value);
 		return 0;
@@ -180,14 +241,14 @@ int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "diff.color.") || !prefixcmp(var, "color.diff.")) {
-		int slot = parse_diff_color_slot(var, 11);
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "diff.color.", &name) ||
+	    skip_prefix(var, "color.diff.", &name)) {
+		int slot = parse_diff_color_slot(name);
 		if (slot < 0)
 			return 0;
 		if (!value)
 			return config_error_nonbool(var);
-		color_parse(value, var, diff_colors[slot]);
-		return 0;
+		return color_parse(value, diff_colors[slot]);
 	}
 
 	/* like GNU diff's --suppress-blank-empty option  */
@@ -209,7 +270,7 @@ int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "submodule."))
 		return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
 
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
@@ -314,7 +375,7 @@ static unsigned long diff_filespec_size(struct diff_filespec *one)
 {
 	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(one))
 		return 0;
-	diff_populate_filespec(one, 1);
+	diff_populate_filespec(one, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY);
 	return one->size;
 }
 
@@ -370,12 +431,7 @@ static void emit_line_0(struct diff_options *o, const char *set, const char *res
 	int nofirst;
 	FILE *file = o->file;
 
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		assert(msg);
-		fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, file);
-	}
+	fputs(diff_line_prefix(o), file);
 
 	if (len == 0) {
 		has_trailing_newline = (first == '\n');
@@ -468,9 +524,9 @@ static void emit_hunk_header(struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
 	ep += 2; /* skip over @@ */
 
 	/* The hunk header in fraginfo color */
-	strbuf_add(&msgbuf, frag, strlen(frag));
+	strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, frag);
 	strbuf_add(&msgbuf, line, ep - line);
-	strbuf_add(&msgbuf, reset, strlen(reset));
+	strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, reset);
 
 	/*
 	 * trailing "\r\n"
@@ -484,15 +540,15 @@ static void emit_hunk_header(struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
 		if (*ep != ' ' && *ep != '\t')
 			break;
 	if (ep != cp) {
-		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, plain, strlen(plain));
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, plain);
 		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, cp, ep - cp);
-		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, reset, strlen(reset));
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, reset);
 	}
 
 	if (ep < line + len) {
-		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, func, strlen(func));
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, func);
 		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, ep, line + len - ep);
-		strbuf_add(&msgbuf, reset, strlen(reset));
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, reset);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_add(&msgbuf, line + len, org_len - len);
@@ -569,6 +625,7 @@ static void emit_rewrite_lines(struct emit_callback *ecb,
 	if (!endp) {
 		const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecb->color_diff,
 						   DIFF_PLAIN);
+		putc('\n', ecb->opt->file);
 		emit_line_0(ecb->opt, plain, reset, '\\',
 			    nneof, strlen(nneof));
 	}
@@ -592,13 +649,7 @@ static void emit_rewrite_diff(const char *name_a,
 	char *data_one, *data_two;
 	size_t size_one, size_two;
 	struct emit_callback ecbdata;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-
-	if (o && o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (diff_mnemonic_prefix && DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
 		a_prefix = o->b_prefix;
@@ -624,7 +675,7 @@ static void emit_rewrite_diff(const char *name_a,
 	memset(&ecbdata, 0, sizeof(ecbdata));
 	ecbdata.color_diff = want_color(o->use_color);
 	ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
-	ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+	ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b);
 	ecbdata.opt = o;
 	if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) {
 		mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
@@ -794,18 +845,14 @@ static void fn_out_diff_words_aux(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	int minus_first, minus_len, plus_first, plus_len;
 	const char *minus_begin, *minus_end, *plus_begin, *plus_end;
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	if (line[0] != '@' || parse_hunk_header(line, len,
 			&minus_first, &minus_len, &plus_first, &plus_len))
 		return;
 
 	assert(opt);
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	/* POSIX requires that first be decremented by one if len == 0... */
 	if (minus_len) {
@@ -929,14 +976,10 @@ static void diff_words_show(struct diff_words_data *diff_words)
 	struct diff_words_style *style = diff_words->style;
 
 	struct diff_options *opt = diff_words->opt;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	assert(opt);
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	/* special case: only removal */
 	if (!diff_words->plus.text.size) {
@@ -984,10 +1027,74 @@ static void diff_words_flush(struct emit_callback *ecbdata)
 		diff_words_show(ecbdata->diff_words);
 }
 
+static void diff_filespec_load_driver(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	/* Use already-loaded driver */
+	if (one->driver)
+		return;
+
+	if (S_ISREG(one->mode))
+		one->driver = userdiff_find_by_path(one->path);
+
+	/* Fallback to default settings */
+	if (!one->driver)
+		one->driver = userdiff_find_by_name("default");
+}
+
+static const char *userdiff_word_regex(struct diff_filespec *one)
+{
+	diff_filespec_load_driver(one);
+	return one->driver->word_regex;
+}
+
+static void init_diff_words_data(struct emit_callback *ecbdata,
+				 struct diff_options *orig_opts,
+				 struct diff_filespec *one,
+				 struct diff_filespec *two)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_options *o = xmalloc(sizeof(struct diff_options));
+	memcpy(o, orig_opts, sizeof(struct diff_options));
+
+	ecbdata->diff_words =
+		xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct diff_words_data));
+	ecbdata->diff_words->type = o->word_diff;
+	ecbdata->diff_words->opt = o;
+	if (!o->word_regex)
+		o->word_regex = userdiff_word_regex(one);
+	if (!o->word_regex)
+		o->word_regex = userdiff_word_regex(two);
+	if (!o->word_regex)
+		o->word_regex = diff_word_regex_cfg;
+	if (o->word_regex) {
+		ecbdata->diff_words->word_regex = (regex_t *)
+			xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
+		if (regcomp(ecbdata->diff_words->word_regex,
+			    o->word_regex,
+			    REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE))
+			die ("Invalid regular expression: %s",
+			     o->word_regex);
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(diff_words_styles); i++) {
+		if (o->word_diff == diff_words_styles[i].type) {
+			ecbdata->diff_words->style =
+				&diff_words_styles[i];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (want_color(o->use_color)) {
+		struct diff_words_style *st = ecbdata->diff_words->style;
+		st->old.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
+		st->new.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+		st->ctx.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_PLAIN);
+	}
+}
+
 static void free_diff_words_data(struct emit_callback *ecbdata)
 {
 	if (ecbdata->diff_words) {
 		diff_words_flush(ecbdata);
+		free (ecbdata->diff_words->opt);
 		free (ecbdata->diff_words->minus.text.ptr);
 		free (ecbdata->diff_words->minus.orig);
 		free (ecbdata->diff_words->plus.text.ptr);
@@ -1008,6 +1115,16 @@ const char *diff_get_color(int diff_use_color, enum color_diff ix)
 	return "";
 }
 
+const char *diff_line_prefix(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
+	if (!opt->output_prefix)
+		return "";
+
+	msgbuf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
+	return msgbuf->buf;
+}
+
 static unsigned long sane_truncate_line(struct emit_callback *ecb, char *line, unsigned long len)
 {
 	const char *cp;
@@ -1048,13 +1165,7 @@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	const char *plain = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_PLAIN);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_RESET);
 	struct diff_options *o = ecbdata->opt;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-
-	if (o && o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (ecbdata->header) {
 		fprintf(ecbdata->opt->file, "%s", ecbdata->header->buf);
@@ -1110,7 +1221,7 @@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 			diff_words_append(line, len,
 					  &ecbdata->diff_words->plus);
 			return;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(line, "\\ ")) {
+		} else if (starts_with(line, "\\ ")) {
 			/*
 			 * Eat the "no newline at eof" marker as if we
 			 * saw a "+" or "-" line with nothing on it,
@@ -1159,6 +1270,7 @@ static char *pprint_rename(const char *a, const char *b)
 	const char *new = b;
 	struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int pfx_length, sfx_length;
+	int pfx_adjust_for_slash;
 	int len_a = strlen(a);
 	int len_b = strlen(b);
 	int a_midlen, b_midlen;
@@ -1185,7 +1297,18 @@ static char *pprint_rename(const char *a, const char *b)
 	old = a + len_a;
 	new = b + len_b;
 	sfx_length = 0;
-	while (a <= old && b <= new && *old == *new) {
+	/*
+	 * If there is a common prefix, it must end in a slash.  In
+	 * that case we let this loop run 1 into the prefix to see the
+	 * same slash.
+	 *
+	 * If there is no common prefix, we cannot do this as it would
+	 * underrun the input strings.
+	 */
+	pfx_adjust_for_slash = (pfx_length ? 1 : 0);
+	while (a + pfx_length - pfx_adjust_for_slash <= old &&
+	       b + pfx_length - pfx_adjust_for_slash <= new &&
+	       *old == *new) {
 		if (*old == '/')
 			sfx_length = len_a - (old - a);
 		old--;
@@ -1230,6 +1353,7 @@ struct diffstat_t {
 		unsigned is_unmerged:1;
 		unsigned is_binary:1;
 		unsigned is_renamed:1;
+		unsigned is_interesting:1;
 		uintmax_t added, deleted;
 	} **files;
 };
@@ -1239,12 +1363,8 @@ static struct diffstat_file *diffstat_add(struct diffstat_t *diffstat,
 					  const char *name_b)
 {
 	struct diffstat_file *x;
-	x = xcalloc(sizeof (*x), 1);
-	if (diffstat->nr == diffstat->alloc) {
-		diffstat->alloc = alloc_nr(diffstat->alloc);
-		diffstat->files = xrealloc(diffstat->files,
-				diffstat->alloc * sizeof(x));
-	}
+	x = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*x));
+	ALLOC_GROW(diffstat->files, diffstat->nr + 1, diffstat->alloc);
 	diffstat->files[diffstat->nr++] = x;
 	if (name_b) {
 		x->from_name = xstrdup(name_a);
@@ -1328,11 +1448,11 @@ int print_stat_summary(FILE *fp, int files, int insertions, int deletions)
 
 	if (!files) {
 		assert(insertions == 0 && deletions == 0);
-		return fputs(_(" 0 files changed\n"), fp);
+		return fprintf(fp, "%s\n", " 0 files changed");
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(&sb,
-		    Q_(" %d file changed", " %d files changed", files),
+		    (files == 1) ? " %d file changed" : " %d files changed",
 		    files);
 
 	/*
@@ -1344,24 +1464,14 @@ int print_stat_summary(FILE *fp, int files, int insertions, int deletions)
 	 * but nothing about added/removed lines? Is this a bug in Git?").
 	 */
 	if (insertions || deletions == 0) {
-		/*
-		 * TRANSLATORS: "+" in (+) is a line addition marker;
-		 * do not translate it.
-		 */
 		strbuf_addf(&sb,
-			    Q_(", %d insertion(+)", ", %d insertions(+)",
-			       insertions),
+			    (insertions == 1) ? ", %d insertion(+)" : ", %d insertions(+)",
 			    insertions);
 	}
 
 	if (deletions || insertions == 0) {
-		/*
-		 * TRANSLATORS: "-" in (-) is a line removal marker;
-		 * do not translate it.
-		 */
 		strbuf_addf(&sb,
-			    Q_(", %d deletion(-)", ", %d deletions(-)",
-			       deletions),
+			    (deletions == 1) ? ", %d deletion(-)" : ", %d deletions(-)",
 			    deletions);
 	}
 	strbuf_addch(&sb, '\n');
@@ -1374,45 +1484,30 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int i, len, add, del, adds = 0, dels = 0;
 	uintmax_t max_change = 0, max_len = 0;
-	int total_files = data->nr;
-	int width, name_width, count;
+	int total_files = data->nr, count;
+	int width, name_width, graph_width, number_width = 0, bin_width = 0;
 	const char *reset, *add_c, *del_c;
 	const char *line_prefix = "";
 	int extra_shown = 0;
-	struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
 
 	if (data->nr == 0)
 		return;
 
-	if (options->output_prefix) {
-		msg = options->output_prefix(options, options->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msg->buf;
-	}
-
-	width = options->stat_width ? options->stat_width : 80;
-	name_width = options->stat_name_width ? options->stat_name_width : 50;
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(options);
 	count = options->stat_count ? options->stat_count : data->nr;
 
-	/* Sanity: give at least 5 columns to the graph,
-	 * but leave at least 10 columns for the name.
-	 */
-	if (width < 25)
-		width = 25;
-	if (name_width < 10)
-		name_width = 10;
-	else if (width < name_width + 15)
-		name_width = width - 15;
-
-	/* Find the longest filename and max number of changes */
 	reset = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_RESET);
 	add_c = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
 	del_c = diff_get_color_opt(options, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
 
+	/*
+	 * Find the longest filename and max number of changes
+	 */
 	for (i = 0; (i < count) && (i < data->nr); i++) {
 		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
 		uintmax_t change = file->added + file->deleted;
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			 (change == 0)) {
+
+		if (!file->is_interesting && (change == 0)) {
 			count++; /* not shown == room for one more */
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -1421,38 +1516,121 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 		if (max_len < len)
 			max_len = len;
 
-		if (file->is_binary || file->is_unmerged)
+		if (file->is_unmerged) {
+			/* "Unmerged" is 8 characters */
+			bin_width = bin_width < 8 ? 8 : bin_width;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (file->is_binary) {
+			/* "Bin XXX -> YYY bytes" */
+			int w = 14 + decimal_width(file->added)
+				+ decimal_width(file->deleted);
+			bin_width = bin_width < w ? w : bin_width;
+			/* Display change counts aligned with "Bin" */
+			number_width = 3;
 			continue;
+		}
+
 		if (max_change < change)
 			max_change = change;
 	}
-	count = i; /* min(count, data->nr) */
+	count = i; /* where we can stop scanning in data->files[] */
 
-	/* Compute the width of the graph part;
-	 * 10 is for one blank at the beginning of the line plus
-	 * " | count " between the name and the graph.
+	/*
+	 * We have width = stat_width or term_columns() columns total.
+	 * We want a maximum of min(max_len, stat_name_width) for the name part.
+	 * We want a maximum of min(max_change, stat_graph_width) for the +- part.
+	 * We also need 1 for " " and 4 + decimal_width(max_change)
+	 * for " | NNNN " and one the empty column at the end, altogether
+	 * 6 + decimal_width(max_change).
+	 *
+	 * If there's not enough space, we will use the smaller of
+	 * stat_name_width (if set) and 5/8*width for the filename,
+	 * and the rest for constant elements + graph part, but no more
+	 * than stat_graph_width for the graph part.
+	 * (5/8 gives 50 for filename and 30 for the constant parts + graph
+	 * for the standard terminal size).
+	 *
+	 * In other words: stat_width limits the maximum width, and
+	 * stat_name_width fixes the maximum width of the filename,
+	 * and is also used to divide available columns if there
+	 * aren't enough.
 	 *
-	 * From here on, name_width is the width of the name area,
-	 * and width is the width of the graph area.
+	 * Binary files are displayed with "Bin XXX -> YYY bytes"
+	 * instead of the change count and graph. This part is treated
+	 * similarly to the graph part, except that it is not
+	 * "scaled". If total width is too small to accommodate the
+	 * guaranteed minimum width of the filename part and the
+	 * separators and this message, this message will "overflow"
+	 * making the line longer than the maximum width.
 	 */
-	name_width = (name_width < max_len) ? name_width : max_len;
-	if (width < (name_width + 10) + max_change)
-		width = width - (name_width + 10);
+
+	if (options->stat_width == -1)
+		width = term_columns() - options->output_prefix_length;
 	else
-		width = max_change;
+		width = options->stat_width ? options->stat_width : 80;
+	number_width = decimal_width(max_change) > number_width ?
+		decimal_width(max_change) : number_width;
+
+	if (options->stat_graph_width == -1)
+		options->stat_graph_width = diff_stat_graph_width;
+
+	/*
+	 * Guarantee 3/8*16==6 for the graph part
+	 * and 5/8*16==10 for the filename part
+	 */
+	if (width < 16 + 6 + number_width)
+		width = 16 + 6 + number_width;
 
+	/*
+	 * First assign sizes that are wanted, ignoring available width.
+	 * strlen("Bin XXX -> YYY bytes") == bin_width, and the part
+	 * starting from "XXX" should fit in graph_width.
+	 */
+	graph_width = max_change + 4 > bin_width ? max_change : bin_width - 4;
+	if (options->stat_graph_width &&
+	    options->stat_graph_width < graph_width)
+		graph_width = options->stat_graph_width;
+
+	name_width = (options->stat_name_width > 0 &&
+		      options->stat_name_width < max_len) ?
+		options->stat_name_width : max_len;
+
+	/*
+	 * Adjust adjustable widths not to exceed maximum width
+	 */
+	if (name_width + number_width + 6 + graph_width > width) {
+		if (graph_width > width * 3/8 - number_width - 6) {
+			graph_width = width * 3/8 - number_width - 6;
+			if (graph_width < 6)
+				graph_width = 6;
+		}
+
+		if (options->stat_graph_width &&
+		    graph_width > options->stat_graph_width)
+			graph_width = options->stat_graph_width;
+		if (name_width > width - number_width - 6 - graph_width)
+			name_width = width - number_width - 6 - graph_width;
+		else
+			graph_width = width - number_width - 6 - name_width;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * From here name_width is the width of the name area,
+	 * and graph_width is the width of the graph area.
+	 * max_change is used to scale graph properly.
+	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 		const char *prefix = "";
-		char *name = data->files[i]->print_name;
-		uintmax_t added = data->files[i]->added;
-		uintmax_t deleted = data->files[i]->deleted;
+		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
+		char *name = file->print_name;
+		uintmax_t added = file->added;
+		uintmax_t deleted = file->deleted;
 		int name_len;
 
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			 (added + deleted == 0)) {
-			total_files--;
+		if (!file->is_interesting && (added + deleted == 0))
 			continue;
-		}
+
 		/*
 		 * "scale" the filename
 		 */
@@ -1468,11 +1646,15 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 				name = slash;
 		}
 
-		if (data->files[i]->is_binary) {
+		if (file->is_binary) {
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s", line_prefix);
 			show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
-			fprintf(options->file, "  Bin ");
-			fprintf(options->file, "%s%"PRIuMAX"%s",
+			fprintf(options->file, " %*s", number_width, "Bin");
+			if (!added && !deleted) {
+				putc('\n', options->file);
+				continue;
+			}
+			fprintf(options->file, " %s%"PRIuMAX"%s",
 				del_c, deleted, reset);
 			fprintf(options->file, " -> ");
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s%"PRIuMAX"%s",
@@ -1481,10 +1663,10 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 			fprintf(options->file, "\n");
 			continue;
 		}
-		else if (data->files[i]->is_unmerged) {
+		else if (file->is_unmerged) {
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s", line_prefix);
 			show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
-			fprintf(options->file, "  Unmerged\n");
+			fprintf(options->file, " Unmerged\n");
 			continue;
 		}
 
@@ -1493,42 +1675,47 @@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 		 */
 		add = added;
 		del = deleted;
-		adds += add;
-		dels += del;
 
-		if (width <= max_change) {
-			int total = add + del;
-
-			total = scale_linear(add + del, width, max_change);
+		if (graph_width <= max_change) {
+			int total = scale_linear(add + del, graph_width, max_change);
 			if (total < 2 && add && del)
 				/* width >= 2 due to the sanity check */
 				total = 2;
 			if (add < del) {
-				add = scale_linear(add, width, max_change);
+				add = scale_linear(add, graph_width, max_change);
 				del = total - add;
 			} else {
-				del = scale_linear(del, width, max_change);
+				del = scale_linear(del, graph_width, max_change);
 				add = total - del;
 			}
 		}
 		fprintf(options->file, "%s", line_prefix);
 		show_name(options->file, prefix, name, len);
-		fprintf(options->file, "%5"PRIuMAX"%s", added + deleted,
-				added + deleted ? " " : "");
+		fprintf(options->file, " %*"PRIuMAX"%s",
+			number_width, added + deleted,
+			added + deleted ? " " : "");
 		show_graph(options->file, '+', add, add_c, reset);
 		show_graph(options->file, '-', del, del_c, reset);
 		fprintf(options->file, "\n");
 	}
-	for (i = count; i < data->nr; i++) {
-		uintmax_t added = data->files[i]->added;
-		uintmax_t deleted = data->files[i]->deleted;
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			 (added + deleted == 0)) {
+
+	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
+		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
+		uintmax_t added = file->added;
+		uintmax_t deleted = file->deleted;
+
+		if (file->is_unmerged ||
+		    (!file->is_interesting && (added + deleted == 0))) {
 			total_files--;
 			continue;
 		}
-		adds += added;
-		dels += deleted;
+
+		if (!file->is_binary) {
+			adds += added;
+			dels += deleted;
+		}
+		if (i < count)
+			continue;
 		if (!extra_shown)
 			fprintf(options->file, "%s ...\n", line_prefix);
 		extra_shown = 1;
@@ -1545,25 +1732,18 @@ static void show_shortstats(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *option
 		return;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
-		if (!data->files[i]->is_binary &&
-		    !data->files[i]->is_unmerged) {
-			int added = data->files[i]->added;
-			int deleted= data->files[i]->deleted;
-			if (!data->files[i]->is_renamed &&
-			    (added + deleted == 0)) {
-				total_files--;
-			} else {
-				adds += added;
-				dels += deleted;
-			}
+		int added = data->files[i]->added;
+		int deleted= data->files[i]->deleted;
+
+		if (data->files[i]->is_unmerged ||
+		    (!data->files[i]->is_interesting && (added + deleted == 0))) {
+			total_files--;
+		} else if (!data->files[i]->is_binary) { /* don't count bytes */
+			adds += added;
+			dels += deleted;
 		}
 	}
-	if (options->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-				options->output_prefix_data);
-		fprintf(options->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-	}
+	fprintf(options->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(options));
 	print_stat_summary(options->file, total_files, adds, dels);
 }
 
@@ -1577,12 +1757,7 @@ static void show_numstat(struct diffstat_t *data, struct diff_options *options)
 	for (i = 0; i < data->nr; i++) {
 		struct diffstat_file *file = data->files[i];
 
-		if (options->output_prefix) {
-			struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-			msg = options->output_prefix(options,
-					options->output_prefix_data);
-			fprintf(options->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-		}
+		fprintf(options->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(options));
 
 		if (file->is_binary)
 			fprintf(options->file, "-\t-\t");
@@ -1624,13 +1799,7 @@ static long gather_dirstat(struct diff_options *opt, struct dirstat_dir *dir,
 {
 	unsigned long this_dir = 0;
 	unsigned int sources = 0;
-	const char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		msg = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msg->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	while (dir->nr) {
 		struct dirstat_file *f = dir->files;
@@ -1740,11 +1909,11 @@ static void show_dirstat(struct diff_options *options)
 			diff_free_filespec_data(p->one);
 			diff_free_filespec_data(p->two);
 		} else if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one)) {
-			diff_populate_filespec(p->one, 1);
+			diff_populate_filespec(p->one, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY);
 			copied = added = 0;
 			diff_free_filespec_data(p->one);
 		} else if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
-			diff_populate_filespec(p->two, 1);
+			diff_populate_filespec(p->two, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY);
 			copied = 0;
 			added = p->two->size;
 			diff_free_filespec_data(p->two);
@@ -1880,15 +2049,10 @@ static void checkdiff_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(data->o->use_color, DIFF_RESET);
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(data->o->use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
 	char *err;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
+	const char *line_prefix;
 
 	assert(data->o);
-	if (data->o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = data->o->output_prefix(data->o,
-			data->o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(data->o);
 
 	if (line[0] == '+') {
 		unsigned bad;
@@ -1929,7 +2093,6 @@ static unsigned char *deflate_it(char *data,
 	unsigned char *deflated;
 	git_zstream stream;
 
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_deflate_init(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
 	bound = git_deflate_bound(&stream, size);
 	deflated = xmalloc(bound);
@@ -1945,7 +2108,8 @@ static unsigned char *deflate_it(char *data,
 	return deflated;
 }
 
-static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char *prefix)
+static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+				  const char *prefix)
 {
 	void *cp;
 	void *delta;
@@ -2006,27 +2170,14 @@ static void emit_binary_diff_body(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char
 	free(data);
 }
 
-static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two, char *prefix)
+static void emit_binary_diff(FILE *file, mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+			     const char *prefix)
 {
 	fprintf(file, "%sGIT binary patch\n", prefix);
 	emit_binary_diff_body(file, one, two, prefix);
 	emit_binary_diff_body(file, two, one, prefix);
 }
 
-static void diff_filespec_load_driver(struct diff_filespec *one)
-{
-	/* Use already-loaded driver */
-	if (one->driver)
-		return;
-
-	if (S_ISREG(one->mode))
-		one->driver = userdiff_find_by_path(one->path);
-
-	/* Fallback to default settings */
-	if (!one->driver)
-		one->driver = userdiff_find_by_name("default");
-}
-
 int diff_filespec_is_binary(struct diff_filespec *one)
 {
 	if (one->is_binary == -1) {
@@ -2035,8 +2186,8 @@ int diff_filespec_is_binary(struct diff_filespec *one)
 			one->is_binary = one->driver->binary;
 		else {
 			if (!one->data && DIFF_FILE_VALID(one))
-				diff_populate_filespec(one, 0);
-			if (one->data)
+				diff_populate_filespec(one, CHECK_BINARY);
+			if (one->is_binary == -1 && one->data)
 				one->is_binary = buffer_is_binary(one->data,
 						one->size);
 			if (one->is_binary == -1)
@@ -2052,12 +2203,6 @@ static const struct userdiff_funcname *diff_funcname_pattern(struct diff_filespe
 	return one->driver->funcname.pattern ? &one->driver->funcname : NULL;
 }
 
-static const char *userdiff_word_regex(struct diff_filespec *one)
-{
-	diff_filespec_load_driver(one);
-	return one->driver->word_regex;
-}
-
 void diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(struct diff_options *options, const char *a, const char *b)
 {
 	if (!options->a_prefix)
@@ -2087,28 +2232,23 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
 	const char *lbl[2];
 	char *a_one, *b_two;
-	const char *set = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *meta = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_METAINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_RESET);
 	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
 	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
 	struct strbuf header = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, SUBMODULE_LOG) &&
 			(!one->mode || S_ISGITLINK(one->mode)) &&
 			(!two->mode || S_ISGITLINK(two->mode))) {
 		const char *del = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
 		const char *add = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
-		show_submodule_summary(o->file, one ? one->path : two->path,
+		show_submodule_summary(o->file, one->path ? one->path : two->path,
+				line_prefix,
 				one->sha1, two->sha1, two->dirty_submodule,
-				del, add, reset);
+				meta, del, add, reset);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2134,24 +2274,24 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	b_two = quote_two(b_prefix, name_b + (*name_b == '/'));
 	lbl[0] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) ? a_one : "/dev/null";
 	lbl[1] = DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) ? b_two : "/dev/null";
-	strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", line_prefix, set, a_one, b_two, reset);
+	strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdiff --git %s %s%s\n", line_prefix, meta, a_one, b_two, reset);
 	if (lbl[0][0] == '/') {
 		/* /dev/null */
-		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, two->mode, reset);
+		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, two->mode, reset);
 		if (xfrm_msg)
 			strbuf_addstr(&header, xfrm_msg);
 		must_show_header = 1;
 	}
 	else if (lbl[1][0] == '/') {
-		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, one->mode, reset);
+		strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sdeleted file mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, one->mode, reset);
 		if (xfrm_msg)
 			strbuf_addstr(&header, xfrm_msg);
 		must_show_header = 1;
 	}
 	else {
 		if (one->mode != two->mode) {
-			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sold mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, one->mode, reset);
-			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, set, two->mode, reset);
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%sold mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, one->mode, reset);
+			strbuf_addf(&header, "%s%snew mode %06o%s\n", line_prefix, meta, two->mode, reset);
 			must_show_header = 1;
 		}
 		if (xfrm_msg)
@@ -2182,6 +2322,19 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	} else if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(o, TEXT) &&
 	    ( (!textconv_one && diff_filespec_is_binary(one)) ||
 	      (!textconv_two && diff_filespec_is_binary(two)) )) {
+		if (!one->data && !two->data &&
+		    S_ISREG(one->mode) && S_ISREG(two->mode) &&
+		    !DIFF_OPT_TST(o, BINARY)) {
+			if (!hashcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1)) {
+				if (must_show_header)
+					fprintf(o->file, "%s", header.buf);
+				goto free_ab_and_return;
+			}
+			fprintf(o->file, "%s", header.buf);
+			fprintf(o->file, "%sBinary files %s and %s differ\n",
+				line_prefix, lbl[0], lbl[1]);
+			goto free_ab_and_return;
+		}
 		if (fill_mmfile(&mf1, one) < 0 || fill_mmfile(&mf2, two) < 0)
 			die("unable to read files to diff");
 		/* Quite common confusing case */
@@ -2202,12 +2355,13 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 	} else {
 		/* Crazy xdl interfaces.. */
 		const char *diffopts = getenv("GIT_DIFF_OPTS");
+		const char *v;
 		xpparam_t xpp;
 		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
 		struct emit_callback ecbdata;
 		const struct userdiff_funcname *pe;
 
-		if (!DIFF_XDL_TST(o, WHITESPACE_FLAGS) || must_show_header) {
+		if (must_show_header) {
 			fprintf(o->file, "%s", header.buf);
 			strbuf_reset(&header);
 		}
@@ -2225,7 +2379,7 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 		ecbdata.label_path = lbl;
 		ecbdata.color_diff = want_color(o->use_color);
 		ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
-		ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b ? name_b : name_a);
+		ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b);
 		if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF)
 			check_blank_at_eof(&mf1, &mf2, &ecbdata);
 		ecbdata.opt = o;
@@ -2240,46 +2394,12 @@ static void builtin_diff(const char *name_a,
 			xdiff_set_find_func(&xecfg, pe->pattern, pe->cflags);
 		if (!diffopts)
 			;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(diffopts, "--unified="))
-			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(diffopts + 10, NULL, 10);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(diffopts, "-u"))
-			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(diffopts + 2, NULL, 10);
-		if (o->word_diff) {
-			int i;
-
-			ecbdata.diff_words =
-				xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct diff_words_data));
-			ecbdata.diff_words->type = o->word_diff;
-			ecbdata.diff_words->opt = o;
-			if (!o->word_regex)
-				o->word_regex = userdiff_word_regex(one);
-			if (!o->word_regex)
-				o->word_regex = userdiff_word_regex(two);
-			if (!o->word_regex)
-				o->word_regex = diff_word_regex_cfg;
-			if (o->word_regex) {
-				ecbdata.diff_words->word_regex = (regex_t *)
-					xmalloc(sizeof(regex_t));
-				if (regcomp(ecbdata.diff_words->word_regex,
-						o->word_regex,
-						REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE))
-					die ("Invalid regular expression: %s",
-							o->word_regex);
-			}
-			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(diff_words_styles); i++) {
-				if (o->word_diff == diff_words_styles[i].type) {
-					ecbdata.diff_words->style =
-						&diff_words_styles[i];
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			if (want_color(o->use_color)) {
-				struct diff_words_style *st = ecbdata.diff_words->style;
-				st->old.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
-				st->new.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
-				st->ctx.color = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_PLAIN);
-			}
-		}
+		else if (skip_prefix(diffopts, "--unified=", &v))
+			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(v, NULL, 10);
+		else if (skip_prefix(diffopts, "-u", &v))
+			xecfg.ctxlen = strtoul(v, NULL, 10);
+		if (o->word_diff)
+			init_diff_words_data(&ecbdata, o, one, two);
 		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, fn_out_consume, &ecbdata,
 			      &xpp, &xecfg);
 		if (o->word_diff)
@@ -2305,22 +2425,37 @@ static void builtin_diffstat(const char *name_a, const char *name_b,
 			     struct diff_filespec *two,
 			     struct diffstat_t *diffstat,
 			     struct diff_options *o,
-			     int complete_rewrite)
+			     struct diff_filepair *p)
 {
 	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
 	struct diffstat_file *data;
+	int same_contents;
+	int complete_rewrite = 0;
+
+	if (!DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
+		if (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED && p->score)
+			complete_rewrite = 1;
+	}
 
 	data = diffstat_add(diffstat, name_a, name_b);
+	data->is_interesting = p->status != DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN;
 
 	if (!one || !two) {
 		data->is_unmerged = 1;
 		return;
 	}
 
+	same_contents = !hashcmp(one->sha1, two->sha1);
+
 	if (diff_filespec_is_binary(one) || diff_filespec_is_binary(two)) {
 		data->is_binary = 1;
-		data->added = diff_filespec_size(two);
-		data->deleted = diff_filespec_size(one);
+		if (same_contents) {
+			data->added = 0;
+			data->deleted = 0;
+		} else {
+			data->added = diff_filespec_size(two);
+			data->deleted = diff_filespec_size(one);
+		}
 	}
 
 	else if (complete_rewrite) {
@@ -2330,7 +2465,7 @@ static void builtin_diffstat(const char *name_a, const char *name_b,
 		data->added = count_lines(two->data, two->size);
 	}
 
-	else {
+	else if (!same_contents) {
 		/* Crazy xdl interfaces.. */
 		xpparam_t xpp;
 		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
@@ -2440,12 +2575,12 @@ void free_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec)
 }
 
 void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec, const unsigned char *sha1,
-		   unsigned short mode)
+		   int sha1_valid, unsigned short mode)
 {
 	if (mode) {
 		spec->mode = canon_mode(mode);
 		hashcpy(spec->sha1, sha1);
-		spec->sha1_valid = !is_null_sha1(sha1);
+		spec->sha1_valid = sha1_valid;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -2456,7 +2591,7 @@ void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *spec, const unsigned char *sha1,
  */
 static int reuse_worktree_file(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, int want_file)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	struct stat st;
 	int pos, len;
 
@@ -2518,22 +2653,6 @@ static int reuse_worktree_file(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, int
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int populate_from_stdin(struct diff_filespec *s)
-{
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	size_t size = 0;
-
-	if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
-		return error("error while reading from stdin %s",
-				     strerror(errno));
-
-	s->should_munmap = 0;
-	s->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, &size);
-	s->size = size;
-	s->should_free = 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static int diff_populate_gitlink(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 {
 	int len;
@@ -2560,9 +2679,18 @@ static int diff_populate_gitlink(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
  * grab the data for the blob (or file) for our own in-core comparison.
  * diff_filespec has data and size fields for this purpose.
  */
-int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
+int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, unsigned int flags)
 {
+	int size_only = flags & CHECK_SIZE_ONLY;
 	int err = 0;
+	/*
+	 * demote FAIL to WARN to allow inspecting the situation
+	 * instead of refusing.
+	 */
+	enum safe_crlf crlf_warn = (safe_crlf == SAFE_CRLF_FAIL
+				    ? SAFE_CRLF_WARN
+				    : safe_crlf);
+
 	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(s))
 		die("internal error: asking to populate invalid file.");
 	if (S_ISDIR(s->mode))
@@ -2583,9 +2711,6 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 		struct stat st;
 		int fd;
 
-		if (!strcmp(s->path, "-"))
-			return populate_from_stdin(s);
-
 		if (lstat(s->path, &st) < 0) {
 			if (errno == ENOENT) {
 			err_empty:
@@ -2611,6 +2736,11 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 		}
 		if (size_only)
 			return 0;
+		if ((flags & CHECK_BINARY) &&
+		    s->size > big_file_threshold && s->is_binary == -1) {
+			s->is_binary = 1;
+			return 0;
+		}
 		fd = open(s->path, O_RDONLY);
 		if (fd < 0)
 			goto err_empty;
@@ -2621,7 +2751,7 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 		/*
 		 * Convert from working tree format to canonical git format
 		 */
-		if (convert_to_git(s->path, s->data, s->size, &buf, safe_crlf)) {
+		if (convert_to_git(s->path, s->data, s->size, &buf, crlf_warn)) {
 			size_t size = 0;
 			munmap(s->data, s->size);
 			s->should_munmap = 0;
@@ -2632,16 +2762,21 @@ int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int size_only)
 	}
 	else {
 		enum object_type type;
-		if (size_only) {
+		if (size_only || (flags & CHECK_BINARY)) {
 			type = sha1_object_info(s->sha1, &s->size);
 			if (type < 0)
 				die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(s->sha1));
-		} else {
-			s->data = read_sha1_file(s->sha1, &type, &s->size);
-			if (!s->data)
-				die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(s->sha1));
-			s->should_free = 1;
+			if (size_only)
+				return 0;
+			if (s->size > big_file_threshold && s->is_binary == -1) {
+				s->is_binary = 1;
+				return 0;
+			}
 		}
+		s->data = read_sha1_file(s->sha1, &type, &s->size);
+		if (!s->data)
+			die("unable to read %s", sha1_to_hex(s->sha1));
+		s->should_free = 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2725,8 +2860,9 @@ static struct diff_tempfile *prepare_temp_file(const char *name,
 		remove_tempfile_installed = 1;
 	}
 
-	if (!one->sha1_valid ||
-	    reuse_worktree_file(name, one->sha1, 1)) {
+	if (!S_ISGITLINK(one->mode) &&
+	    (!one->sha1_valid ||
+	     reuse_worktree_file(name, one->sha1, 1))) {
 		struct stat st;
 		if (lstat(name, &st) < 0) {
 			if (errno == ENOENT)
@@ -2770,6 +2906,16 @@ static struct diff_tempfile *prepare_temp_file(const char *name,
 	return temp;
 }
 
+static void add_external_diff_name(struct argv_array *argv,
+				   const char *name,
+				   struct diff_filespec *df)
+{
+	struct diff_tempfile *temp = prepare_temp_file(name, df);
+	argv_array_push(argv, temp->name);
+	argv_array_push(argv, temp->hex);
+	argv_array_push(argv, temp->mode);
+}
+
 /* An external diff command takes:
  *
  * diff-cmd name infile1 infile1-sha1 infile1-mode \
@@ -2782,41 +2928,36 @@ static void run_external_diff(const char *pgm,
 			      struct diff_filespec *one,
 			      struct diff_filespec *two,
 			      const char *xfrm_msg,
-			      int complete_rewrite)
+			      int complete_rewrite,
+			      struct diff_options *o)
 {
-	const char *spawn_arg[10];
-	int retval;
-	const char **arg = &spawn_arg[0];
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct argv_array env = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
+
+	argv_array_push(&argv, pgm);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, name);
 
 	if (one && two) {
-		struct diff_tempfile *temp_one, *temp_two;
-		const char *othername = (other ? other : name);
-		temp_one = prepare_temp_file(name, one);
-		temp_two = prepare_temp_file(othername, two);
-		*arg++ = pgm;
-		*arg++ = name;
-		*arg++ = temp_one->name;
-		*arg++ = temp_one->hex;
-		*arg++ = temp_one->mode;
-		*arg++ = temp_two->name;
-		*arg++ = temp_two->hex;
-		*arg++ = temp_two->mode;
-		if (other) {
-			*arg++ = other;
-			*arg++ = xfrm_msg;
+		add_external_diff_name(&argv, name, one);
+		if (!other)
+			add_external_diff_name(&argv, name, two);
+		else {
+			add_external_diff_name(&argv, other, two);
+			argv_array_push(&argv, other);
+			argv_array_push(&argv, xfrm_msg);
 		}
-	} else {
-		*arg++ = pgm;
-		*arg++ = name;
 	}
-	*arg = NULL;
-	fflush(NULL);
-	retval = run_command_v_opt(spawn_arg, RUN_USING_SHELL);
+
+	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER=%d", ++o->diff_path_counter);
+	argv_array_pushf(&env, "GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL=%d", q->nr);
+
+	if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(argv.argv, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env.argv))
+		die(_("external diff died, stopping at %s"), name);
+
 	remove_tempfile();
-	if (retval) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "external diff died, stopping at %s.\n", name);
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	argv_array_clear(&env);
 }
 
 static int similarity_index(struct diff_filepair *p)
@@ -2836,14 +2977,9 @@ static void fill_metainfo(struct strbuf *msg,
 {
 	const char *set = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
 	const char *reset = diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_RESET);
-	struct strbuf *msgbuf;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
 
 	*must_show_header = 1;
-	if (o->output_prefix) {
-		msgbuf = o->output_prefix(o, o->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = msgbuf->buf;
-	}
 	strbuf_init(msg, PATH_MAX * 2 + 300);
 	switch (p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
@@ -2910,9 +3046,8 @@ static void run_diff_cmd(const char *pgm,
 	int complete_rewrite = (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) && p->score;
 	int must_show_header = 0;
 
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_EXTERNAL))
-		pgm = NULL;
-	else {
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_EXTERNAL)) {
 		struct userdiff_driver *drv = userdiff_find_by_path(attr_path);
 		if (drv && drv->external)
 			pgm = drv->external;
@@ -2931,7 +3066,7 @@ static void run_diff_cmd(const char *pgm,
 
 	if (pgm) {
 		run_external_diff(pgm, name, other, one, two, xfrm_msg,
-				  complete_rewrite);
+				  complete_rewrite, o);
 		return;
 	}
 	if (one && two)
@@ -2947,7 +3082,7 @@ static void diff_fill_sha1_info(struct diff_filespec *one)
 	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
 		if (!one->sha1_valid) {
 			struct stat st;
-			if (!strcmp(one->path, "-")) {
+			if (one->is_stdin) {
 				hashcpy(one->sha1, null_sha1);
 				return;
 			}
@@ -2992,6 +3127,9 @@ static void run_diff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
 	if (o->prefix_length)
 		strip_prefix(o->prefix_length, &name, &other);
 
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_EXTERNAL))
+		pgm = NULL;
+
 	if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
 		run_diff_cmd(pgm, name, NULL, attr_path,
 			     NULL, NULL, NULL, o, p);
@@ -3031,11 +3169,10 @@ static void run_diffstat(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
 {
 	const char *name;
 	const char *other;
-	int complete_rewrite = 0;
 
 	if (DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p)) {
 		/* unmerged */
-		builtin_diffstat(p->one->path, NULL, NULL, NULL, diffstat, o, 0);
+		builtin_diffstat(p->one->path, NULL, NULL, NULL, diffstat, o, p);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -3048,9 +3185,7 @@ static void run_diffstat(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
 	diff_fill_sha1_info(p->one);
 	diff_fill_sha1_info(p->two);
 
-	if (p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED && p->score)
-		complete_rewrite = 1;
-	builtin_diffstat(name, other, p->one, p->two, diffstat, o, complete_rewrite);
+	builtin_diffstat(name, other, p->one, p->two, diffstat, o, p);
 }
 
 static void run_checkdiff(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o)
@@ -3087,12 +3222,17 @@ void diff_setup(struct diff_options *options)
 	options->break_opt = -1;
 	options->rename_limit = -1;
 	options->dirstat_permille = diff_dirstat_permille_default;
-	options->context = 3;
+	options->context = diff_context_default;
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RENAME_EMPTY);
 
+	/* pathchange left =NULL by default */
 	options->change = diff_change;
 	options->add_remove = diff_addremove;
 	options->use_color = diff_use_color_default;
 	options->detect_rename = diff_detect_rename_default;
+	options->xdl_opts |= diff_algorithm;
+
+	options->orderfile = diff_order_file_cfg;
 
 	if (diff_no_prefix) {
 		options->a_prefix = options->b_prefix = "";
@@ -3102,10 +3242,13 @@ void diff_setup(struct diff_options *options)
 	}
 }
 
-int diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *options)
+void diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int count = 0;
 
+	if (options->set_default)
+		options->set_default(options);
+
 	if (options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME)
 		count++;
 	if (options->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)
@@ -3202,7 +3345,10 @@ int diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *options)
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
 	}
 
-	return 0;
+	options->diff_path_counter = 0;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES) && options->pathspec.nr != 1)
+		die(_("--follow requires exactly one pathspec"));
 }
 
 static int opt_arg(const char *arg, int arg_short, const char *arg_long, int *val)
@@ -3232,14 +3378,11 @@ static int opt_arg(const char *arg, int arg_short, const char *arg_long, int *va
 	if (c != '-')
 		return 0;
 	arg++;
-	eq = strchr(arg, '=');
-	if (eq)
-		len = eq - arg;
-	else
-		len = strlen(arg);
+	eq = strchrnul(arg, '=');
+	len = eq - arg;
 	if (!len || strncmp(arg, arg_long, len))
 		return 0;
-	if (eq) {
+	if (*eq) {
 		int n;
 		char *end;
 		if (!isdigit(*++eq))
@@ -3274,13 +3417,11 @@ int parse_long_opt(const char *opt, const char **argv,
 		   const char **optarg)
 {
 	const char *arg = argv[0];
-	if (arg[0] != '-' || arg[1] != '-')
+	if (!skip_prefix(arg, "--", &arg))
 		return 0;
-	arg += strlen("--");
-	if (prefixcmp(arg, opt))
+	if (!skip_prefix(arg, opt, &arg))
 		return 0;
-	arg += strlen(opt);
-	if (*arg == '=') { /* sticked form: --option=value */
+	if (*arg == '=') { /* stuck form: --option=value */
 		*optarg = arg + 1;
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -3299,16 +3440,17 @@ static int stat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char **av)
 	char *end;
 	int width = options->stat_width;
 	int name_width = options->stat_name_width;
+	int graph_width = options->stat_graph_width;
 	int count = options->stat_count;
 	int argcount = 1;
 
-	arg += strlen("--stat");
+	if (!skip_prefix(arg, "--stat", &arg))
+		die("BUG: stat option does not begin with --stat: %s", arg);
 	end = (char *)arg;
 
 	switch (*arg) {
 	case '-':
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-width")) {
-			arg += strlen("-width");
+		if (skip_prefix(arg, "-width", &arg)) {
 			if (*arg == '=')
 				width = strtoul(arg + 1, &end, 10);
 			else if (!*arg && !av[1])
@@ -3317,8 +3459,7 @@ static int stat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char **av)
 				width = strtoul(av[1], &end, 10);
 				argcount = 2;
 			}
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-name-width")) {
-			arg += strlen("-name-width");
+		} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "-name-width", &arg)) {
 			if (*arg == '=')
 				name_width = strtoul(arg + 1, &end, 10);
 			else if (!*arg && !av[1])
@@ -3327,8 +3468,16 @@ static int stat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char **av)
 				name_width = strtoul(av[1], &end, 10);
 				argcount = 2;
 			}
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-count")) {
-			arg += strlen("-count");
+		} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "-graph-width", &arg)) {
+			if (*arg == '=')
+				graph_width = strtoul(arg + 1, &end, 10);
+			else if (!*arg && !av[1])
+				die("Option '--stat-graph-width' requires a value");
+			else if (!*arg) {
+				graph_width = strtoul(av[1], &end, 10);
+				argcount = 2;
+			}
+		} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "-count", &arg)) {
 			if (*arg == '=')
 				count = strtoul(arg + 1, &end, 10);
 			else if (!*arg && !av[1])
@@ -3352,6 +3501,7 @@ static int stat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char **av)
 		return 0;
 	options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
 	options->stat_name_width = name_width;
+	options->stat_graph_width = graph_width;
 	options->stat_width = width;
 	options->stat_count = count;
 	return argcount;
@@ -3372,6 +3522,93 @@ static int parse_dirstat_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char *params)
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int parse_submodule_opt(struct diff_options *options, const char *value)
+{
+	if (parse_submodule_params(options, value))
+		die(_("Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"),
+			value);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static const char diff_status_letters[] = {
+	DIFF_STATUS_ADDED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_COPIED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_DELETED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN,
+	DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED,
+	DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON,
+	DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN,
+	'\0',
+};
+
+static unsigned int filter_bit['Z' + 1];
+
+static void prepare_filter_bits(void)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!filter_bit[DIFF_STATUS_ADDED]) {
+		for (i = 0; diff_status_letters[i]; i++)
+			filter_bit[(int) diff_status_letters[i]] = (1 << i);
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned filter_bit_tst(char status, const struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	return opt->filter & filter_bit[(int) status];
+}
+
+static int parse_diff_filter_opt(const char *optarg, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	int i, optch;
+
+	prepare_filter_bits();
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is a negation e.g. 'd' in the input, and we haven't
+	 * initialized the filter field with another --diff-filter, start
+	 * from full set of bits, except for AON.
+	 */
+	if (!opt->filter) {
+		for (i = 0; (optch = optarg[i]) != '\0'; i++) {
+			if (optch < 'a' || 'z' < optch)
+				continue;
+			opt->filter = (1 << (ARRAY_SIZE(diff_status_letters) - 1)) - 1;
+			opt->filter &= ~filter_bit[DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON];
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; (optch = optarg[i]) != '\0'; i++) {
+		unsigned int bit;
+		int negate;
+
+		if ('a' <= optch && optch <= 'z') {
+			negate = 1;
+			optch = toupper(optch);
+		} else {
+			negate = 0;
+		}
+
+		bit = (0 <= optch && optch <= 'Z') ? filter_bit[optch] : 0;
+		if (!bit)
+			return optarg[i];
+		if (negate)
+			opt->filter &= ~bit;
+		else
+			opt->filter |= bit;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void enable_patch_output(int *fmt) {
+	*fmt &= ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
+	*fmt |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+}
+
 int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 {
 	const char *arg = av[0];
@@ -3379,55 +3616,56 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	int argcount;
 
 	/* Output format options */
-	if (!strcmp(arg, "-p") || !strcmp(arg, "-u") || !strcmp(arg, "--patch"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
-	else if (opt_arg(arg, 'U', "unified", &options->context))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "-p") || !strcmp(arg, "-u") || !strcmp(arg, "--patch")
+	    || opt_arg(arg, 'U', "unified", &options->context))
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--raw"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-raw"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH | DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--numstat"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-raw")) {
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_RAW;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--numstat"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NUMSTAT;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--shortstat"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-X") || !strcmp(arg, "--dirstat"))
 		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, "");
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-X"))
-		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg + 2);
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--dirstat="))
-		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg + 10);
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "-X", &arg))
+		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg);
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--dirstat=", &arg))
+		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--cumulative"))
 		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, "cumulative");
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--dirstat-by-file"))
 		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, "files");
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--dirstat-by-file=")) {
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--dirstat-by-file=", &arg)) {
 		parse_dirstat_opt(options, "files");
-		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg + 18);
+		return parse_dirstat_opt(options, arg);
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--check"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CHECKDIFF;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--summary"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_SUMMARY;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-stat"))
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH | DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-only"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patch-with-stat")) {
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
+		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-only"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME;
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--name-status"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS;
-	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-s"))
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-s") || !strcmp(arg, "--no-patch"))
 		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--stat"))
+	else if (starts_with(arg, "--stat"))
 		/* --stat, --stat-width, --stat-name-width, or --stat-count */
 		return stat_opt(options, av);
 
 	/* renames options */
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-B") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--break-rewrites=") ||
+	else if (starts_with(arg, "-B") || starts_with(arg, "--break-rewrites=") ||
 		 !strcmp(arg, "--break-rewrites")) {
 		if ((options->break_opt = diff_scoreopt_parse(arg)) == -1)
 			return error("invalid argument to -B: %s", arg+2);
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-M") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--find-renames=") ||
+	else if (starts_with(arg, "-M") || starts_with(arg, "--find-renames=") ||
 		 !strcmp(arg, "--find-renames")) {
 		if ((options->rename_score = diff_scoreopt_parse(arg)) == -1)
 			return error("invalid argument to -M: %s", arg+2);
@@ -3436,7 +3674,7 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-D") || !strcmp(arg, "--irreversible-delete")) {
 		options->irreversible_delete = 1;
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-C") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--find-copies=") ||
+	else if (starts_with(arg, "-C") || starts_with(arg, "--find-copies=") ||
 		 !strcmp(arg, "--find-copies")) {
 		if (options->detect_rename == DIFF_DETECT_COPY)
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
@@ -3446,11 +3684,15 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-renames"))
 		options->detect_rename = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--rename-empty"))
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RENAME_EMPTY);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-rename-empty"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, RENAME_EMPTY);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--relative"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RELATIVE_NAME);
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--relative=")) {
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--relative=", &arg)) {
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, RELATIVE_NAME);
-		options->prefix = arg + 11;
+		options->prefix = arg;
 	}
 
 	/* xdiff options */
@@ -3464,14 +3706,27 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-space-at-eol"))
 		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-blank-lines"))
+		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, IGNORE_BLANK_LINES);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--patience"))
-		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, PATIENCE_DIFF);
+		options->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(options, PATIENCE_DIFF);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--histogram"))
-		DIFF_XDL_SET(options, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+		options->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(options, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-algorithm", av, &optarg))) {
+		long value = parse_algorithm_value(optarg);
+		if (value < 0)
+			return error("option diff-algorithm accepts \"myers\", "
+				     "\"minimal\", \"patience\" and \"histogram\"");
+		/* clear out previous settings */
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(options, NEED_MINIMAL);
+		options->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+		options->xdl_opts |= value;
+		return argcount;
+	}
 
 	/* flags options */
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--binary")) {
-		options->output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
+		enable_patch_output(&options->output_format);
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, BINARY);
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--full-index"))
@@ -3484,10 +3739,12 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--follow"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-follow"))
+		DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, FOLLOW_RENAMES);
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--color"))
 		options->use_color = 1;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--color=")) {
-		int value = git_config_colorbool(NULL, arg+8);
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--color=", &arg)) {
+		int value = git_config_colorbool(NULL, arg);
 		if (value < 0)
 			return error("option `color' expects \"always\", \"auto\", or \"never\"");
 		options->use_color = value;
@@ -3498,29 +3755,28 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		options->use_color = 1;
 		options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_COLOR;
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--color-words=")) {
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--color-words=", &arg)) {
 		options->use_color = 1;
 		options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_COLOR;
-		options->word_regex = arg + 14;
+		options->word_regex = arg;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--word-diff")) {
 		if (options->word_diff == DIFF_WORDS_NONE)
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_PLAIN;
 	}
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--word-diff=")) {
-		const char *type = arg + 12;
-		if (!strcmp(type, "plain"))
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--word-diff=", &arg)) {
+		if (!strcmp(arg, "plain"))
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_PLAIN;
-		else if (!strcmp(type, "color")) {
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "color")) {
 			options->use_color = 1;
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_COLOR;
 		}
-		else if (!strcmp(type, "porcelain"))
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "porcelain"))
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_PORCELAIN;
-		else if (!strcmp(type, "none"))
+		else if (!strcmp(arg, "none"))
 			options->word_diff = DIFF_WORDS_NONE;
 		else
-			die("bad --word-diff argument: %s", type);
+			die("bad --word-diff argument: %s", arg);
 	}
 	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("word-diff-regex", av, &optarg))) {
 		if (options->word_diff == DIFF_WORDS_NONE)
@@ -3543,15 +3799,13 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--ignore-submodules")) {
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, "all");
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--ignore-submodules=")) {
+	} else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--ignore-submodules=", &arg)) {
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
-		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, arg + 20);
+		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, arg);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--submodule"))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--submodule=")) {
-		if (!strcmp(arg + 12, "log"))
-			DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
-	}
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--submodule=", &arg))
+		return parse_submodule_opt(options, arg);
 
 	/* misc options */
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "-z"))
@@ -3578,13 +3832,16 @@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *options, const char **av, int ac)
 		return argcount;
 	}
 	else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("diff-filter", av, &optarg))) {
-		options->filter = optarg;
+		int offending = parse_diff_filter_opt(optarg, options);
+		if (offending)
+			die("unknown change class '%c' in --diff-filter=%s",
+			    offending, optarg);
 		return argcount;
 	}
 	else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev"))
 		options->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev=")) {
-		options->abbrev = strtoul(arg + 9, NULL, 10);
+	else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--abbrev=", &arg)) {
+		options->abbrev = strtoul(arg, NULL, 10);
 		if (options->abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
 			options->abbrev = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
 		else if (40 < options->abbrev)
@@ -3665,22 +3922,19 @@ static int diff_scoreopt_parse(const char *opt)
 	cmd = *opt++;
 	if (cmd == '-') {
 		/* convert the long-form arguments into short-form versions */
-		if (!prefixcmp(opt, "break-rewrites")) {
-			opt += strlen("break-rewrites");
+		if (skip_prefix(opt, "break-rewrites", &opt)) {
 			if (*opt == 0 || *opt++ == '=')
 				cmd = 'B';
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(opt, "find-copies")) {
-			opt += strlen("find-copies");
+		} else if (skip_prefix(opt, "find-copies", &opt)) {
 			if (*opt == 0 || *opt++ == '=')
 				cmd = 'C';
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(opt, "find-renames")) {
-			opt += strlen("find-renames");
+		} else if (skip_prefix(opt, "find-renames", &opt)) {
 			if (*opt == 0 || *opt++ == '=')
 				cmd = 'M';
 		}
 	}
 	if (cmd != 'M' && cmd != 'C' && cmd != 'B')
-		return -1; /* that is not a -M, -C nor -B option */
+		return -1; /* that is not a -M, -C, or -B option */
 
 	opt1 = parse_rename_score(&opt);
 	if (cmd != 'B')
@@ -3704,11 +3958,7 @@ struct diff_queue_struct diff_queued_diff;
 
 void diff_q(struct diff_queue_struct *queue, struct diff_filepair *dp)
 {
-	if (queue->alloc <= queue->nr) {
-		queue->alloc = alloc_nr(queue->alloc);
-		queue->queue = xrealloc(queue->queue,
-					sizeof(dp) * queue->alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(queue->queue, queue->nr + 1, queue->alloc);
 	queue->queue[queue->nr++] = dp;
 }
 
@@ -3758,12 +4008,8 @@ static void diff_flush_raw(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
 	int line_termination = opt->line_termination;
 	int inter_name_termination = line_termination ? '\t' : '\0';
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
-		msg = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		fprintf(opt->file, "%s", msg->buf);
-	}
 
+	fprintf(opt->file, "%s", diff_line_prefix(opt));
 	if (!(opt->output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_NAME_STATUS)) {
 		fprintf(opt->file, ":%06o %06o %s ", p->one->mode, p->two->mode,
 			diff_unique_abbrev(p->one->sha1, opt->abbrev));
@@ -3882,9 +4128,9 @@ void diff_debug_filespec(struct diff_filespec *s, int x, const char *one)
 		DIFF_FILE_VALID(s) ? "valid" : "invalid",
 		s->mode,
 		s->sha1_valid ? sha1_to_hex(s->sha1) : "");
-	fprintf(stderr, "queue[%d] %s size %lu flags %d\n",
+	fprintf(stderr, "queue[%d] %s size %lu\n",
 		x, one ? one : "",
-		s->size, s->xfrm_flags);
+		s->size);
 }
 
 void diff_debug_filepair(const struct diff_filepair *p, int i)
@@ -4033,12 +4279,7 @@ static void show_rename_copy(FILE *file, const char *renamecopy, struct diff_fil
 static void diff_summary(struct diff_options *opt, struct diff_filepair *p)
 {
 	FILE *file = opt->file;
-	char *line_prefix = "";
-
-	if (opt->output_prefix) {
-		struct strbuf *buf = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
-		line_prefix = buf->buf;
-	}
+	const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(opt);
 
 	switch(p->status) {
 	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
@@ -4092,7 +4333,7 @@ static void patch_id_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	int new_len;
 
 	/* Ignore line numbers when computing the SHA1 of the patch */
-	if (!prefixcmp(line, "@@ -"))
+	if (starts_with(line, "@@ -"))
 		return;
 
 	new_len = remove_space(line, len);
@@ -4299,7 +4540,7 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 			show_stats(&diffstat, options);
 		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_SHORTSTAT)
 			show_shortstats(&diffstat, options);
-		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT)
+		if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_DIRSTAT && dirstat_by_line)
 			show_dirstat_by_line(&diffstat, options);
 		free_diffstat_info(&diffstat);
 		separator++;
@@ -4319,7 +4560,7 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 	    DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS)) {
 		/*
 		 * run diff_flush_patch for the exit status. setting
-		 * options->file to /dev/null should be safe, becaue we
+		 * options->file to /dev/null should be safe, because we
 		 * aren't supposed to produce any output anyway.
 		 */
 		if (options->close_file)
@@ -4339,7 +4580,9 @@ void diff_flush(struct diff_options *options)
 
 	if (output_format & DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH) {
 		if (separator) {
-			putc(options->line_termination, options->file);
+			fprintf(options->file, "%s%c",
+				diff_line_prefix(options),
+				options->line_termination);
 			if (options->stat_sep) {
 				/* attach patch instead of inline */
 				fputs(options->stat_sep, options->file);
@@ -4377,27 +4620,32 @@ free_queue:
 	}
 }
 
-static void diffcore_apply_filter(const char *filter)
+static int match_filter(const struct diff_options *options, const struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	return (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+		 ((p->score &&
+		   filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN, options)) ||
+		  (!p->score &&
+		   filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED, options)))) ||
+		((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
+		 filter_bit_tst(p->status, options)));
+}
+
+static void diffcore_apply_filter(struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+
 	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
 
-	if (!filter)
+	if (!options->filter)
 		return;
 
-	if (strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON)) {
+	if (filter_bit_tst(DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_AON, options)) {
 		int found;
 		for (i = found = 0; !found && i < q->nr; i++) {
-			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     ((p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN)) ||
-			      (!p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED)))) ||
-			    ((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     strchr(filter, p->status)))
+			if (match_filter(options, q->queue[i]))
 				found++;
 		}
 		if (found)
@@ -4415,14 +4663,7 @@ static void diffcore_apply_filter(const char *filter)
 		/* Only the matching ones */
 		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-
-			if (((p->status == DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     ((p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_FILTER_BROKEN)) ||
-			      (!p->score &&
-			       strchr(filter, DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED)))) ||
-			    ((p->status != DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED) &&
-			     strchr(filter, p->status)))
+			if (match_filter(options, p))
 				diff_q(&outq, p);
 			else
 				diff_free_filepair(p);
@@ -4445,6 +4686,38 @@ static int diff_filespec_is_identical(struct diff_filespec *one,
 	return !memcmp(one->data, two->data, one->size);
 }
 
+static int diff_filespec_check_stat_unmatch(struct diff_filepair *p)
+{
+	if (p->done_skip_stat_unmatch)
+		return p->skip_stat_unmatch_result;
+
+	p->done_skip_stat_unmatch = 1;
+	p->skip_stat_unmatch_result = 0;
+	/*
+	 * 1. Entries that come from stat info dirtiness
+	 *    always have both sides (iow, not create/delete),
+	 *    one side of the object name is unknown, with
+	 *    the same mode and size.  Keep the ones that
+	 *    do not match these criteria.  They have real
+	 *    differences.
+	 *
+	 * 2. At this point, the file is known to be modified,
+	 *    with the same mode and size, and the object
+	 *    name of one side is unknown.  Need to inspect
+	 *    the identical contents.
+	 */
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) || /* (1) */
+	    !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) ||
+	    (p->one->sha1_valid && p->two->sha1_valid) ||
+	    (p->one->mode != p->two->mode) ||
+	    diff_populate_filespec(p->one, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY) ||
+	    diff_populate_filespec(p->two, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY) ||
+	    (p->one->size != p->two->size) ||
+	    !diff_filespec_is_identical(p->one, p->two)) /* (2) */
+		p->skip_stat_unmatch_result = 1;
+	return p->skip_stat_unmatch_result;
+}
+
 static void diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch(struct diff_options *diffopt)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -4455,27 +4728,7 @@ static void diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch(struct diff_options *diffopt)
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
 
-		/*
-		 * 1. Entries that come from stat info dirtiness
-		 *    always have both sides (iow, not create/delete),
-		 *    one side of the object name is unknown, with
-		 *    the same mode and size.  Keep the ones that
-		 *    do not match these criteria.  They have real
-		 *    differences.
-		 *
-		 * 2. At this point, the file is known to be modified,
-		 *    with the same mode and size, and the object
-		 *    name of one side is unknown.  Need to inspect
-		 *    the identical contents.
-		 */
-		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) || /* (1) */
-		    !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) ||
-		    (p->one->sha1_valid && p->two->sha1_valid) ||
-		    (p->one->mode != p->two->mode) ||
-		    diff_populate_filespec(p->one, 1) ||
-		    diff_populate_filespec(p->two, 1) ||
-		    (p->one->size != p->two->size) ||
-		    !diff_filespec_is_identical(p->one, p->two)) /* (2) */
+		if (diff_filespec_check_stat_unmatch(p))
 			diff_q(&outq, p);
 		else {
 			/*
@@ -4511,6 +4764,7 @@ void diffcore_fix_diff_index(struct diff_options *options)
 
 void diffcore_std(struct diff_options *options)
 {
+	/* NOTE please keep the following in sync with diff_tree_combined() */
 	if (options->skip_stat_unmatch)
 		diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch(options);
 	if (!options->found_follow) {
@@ -4529,7 +4783,7 @@ void diffcore_std(struct diff_options *options)
 	if (!options->found_follow)
 		/* See try_to_follow_renames() in tree-diff.c */
 		diff_resolve_rename_copy();
-	diffcore_apply_filter(options->filter);
+	diffcore_apply_filter(options);
 
 	if (diff_queued_diff.nr && !DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
 		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
@@ -4543,7 +4797,7 @@ int diff_result_code(struct diff_options *opt, int status)
 {
 	int result = 0;
 
-	diff_warn_rename_limit("diff.renamelimit",
+	diff_warn_rename_limit("diff.renameLimit",
 			       opt->needed_rename_limit,
 			       opt->degraded_cc_to_c);
 	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
@@ -4586,6 +4840,7 @@ static int is_submodule_ignored(const char *path, struct diff_options *options)
 void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *options,
 		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    const char *concatpath, unsigned dirty_submodule)
 {
 	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
@@ -4617,9 +4872,9 @@ void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *options,
 	two = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
 
 	if (addremove != '+')
-		fill_filespec(one, sha1, mode);
+		fill_filespec(one, sha1, sha1_valid, mode);
 	if (addremove != '-') {
-		fill_filespec(two, sha1, mode);
+		fill_filespec(two, sha1, sha1_valid, mode);
 		two->dirty_submodule = dirty_submodule;
 	}
 
@@ -4632,10 +4887,12 @@ void diff_change(struct diff_options *options,
 		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 int old_sha1_valid, int new_sha1_valid,
 		 const char *concatpath,
 		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule)
 {
 	struct diff_filespec *one, *two;
+	struct diff_filepair *p;
 
 	if (S_ISGITLINK(old_mode) && S_ISGITLINK(new_mode) &&
 	    is_submodule_ignored(concatpath, options))
@@ -4646,6 +4903,8 @@ void diff_change(struct diff_options *options,
 		const unsigned char *tmp_c;
 		tmp = old_mode; old_mode = new_mode; new_mode = tmp;
 		tmp_c = old_sha1; old_sha1 = new_sha1; new_sha1 = tmp_c;
+		tmp = old_sha1_valid; old_sha1_valid = new_sha1_valid;
+			new_sha1_valid = tmp;
 		tmp = old_dirty_submodule; old_dirty_submodule = new_dirty_submodule;
 			new_dirty_submodule = tmp;
 	}
@@ -4656,14 +4915,20 @@ void diff_change(struct diff_options *options,
 
 	one = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
 	two = alloc_filespec(concatpath);
-	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_mode);
-	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_mode);
+	fill_filespec(one, old_sha1, old_sha1_valid, old_mode);
+	fill_filespec(two, new_sha1, new_sha1_valid, new_mode);
 	one->dirty_submodule = old_dirty_submodule;
 	two->dirty_submodule = new_dirty_submodule;
+	p = diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two);
 
-	diff_queue(&diff_queued_diff, one, two);
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
-		DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, DIFF_FROM_CONTENTS))
+		return;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(options, QUICK) && options->skip_stat_unmatch &&
+	    !diff_filespec_check_stat_unmatch(p))
+		return;
+
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
 }
 
 struct diff_filepair *diff_unmerge(struct diff_options *options, const char *path)
@@ -4688,7 +4953,7 @@ static char *run_textconv(const char *pgm, struct diff_filespec *spec,
 	struct diff_tempfile *temp;
 	const char *argv[3];
 	const char **arg = argv;
-	struct child_process child;
+	struct child_process child = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int err = 0;
 
@@ -4697,7 +4962,6 @@ static char *run_textconv(const char *pgm, struct diff_filespec *spec,
 	*arg++ = temp->name;
 	*arg = NULL;
 
-	memset(&child, 0, sizeof(child));
 	child.use_shell = 1;
 	child.argv = argv;
 	child.out = -1;
@@ -4763,3 +5027,19 @@ size_t fill_textconv(struct userdiff_driver *driver,
 
 	return size;
 }
+
+void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If the user asked for our exit code, then either they want --quiet
+	 * or --exit-code. We should definitely not bother with a pager in the
+	 * former case, as we will generate no output. Since we still properly
+	 * report our exit code even when a pager is run, we _could_ run a
+	 * pager with --exit-code. But since we have not done so historically,
+	 * and because it is easy to find people oneline advising "git diff
+	 * --exit-code" in hooks and other scripts, we do not do so.
+	 */
+	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS) &&
+	    check_pager_config("diff") != 0)
+		setup_pager();
+}
diff --git a/diff.h b/diff.h
index 7af5f1e2a7..b4a624d235 100644
--- a/diff.h
+++ b/diff.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #define DIFF_H
 
 #include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 struct rev_info;
 struct diff_options;
@@ -14,17 +15,23 @@ struct diff_filespec;
 struct userdiff_driver;
 struct sha1_array;
 struct commit;
+struct combine_diff_path;
+
+typedef int (*pathchange_fn_t)(struct diff_options *options,
+		 struct combine_diff_path *path);
 
 typedef void (*change_fn_t)(struct diff_options *options,
 		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 int old_sha1_valid, int new_sha1_valid,
 		 const char *fullpath,
 		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule);
 
 typedef void (*add_remove_fn_t)(struct diff_options *options,
 		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule);
 
 typedef void (*diff_format_fn_t)(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
@@ -60,7 +67,7 @@ typedef struct strbuf *(*diff_prefix_fn_t)(struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
 #define DIFF_OPT_SILENT_ON_REMOVE    (1 <<  5)
 #define DIFF_OPT_FIND_COPIES_HARDER  (1 <<  6)
 #define DIFF_OPT_FOLLOW_RENAMES      (1 <<  7)
-/* (1 <<  8) unused */
+#define DIFF_OPT_RENAME_EMPTY        (1 <<  8)
 /* (1 <<  9) unused */
 #define DIFF_OPT_HAS_CHANGES         (1 << 10)
 #define DIFF_OPT_QUICK               (1 << 11)
@@ -82,14 +89,18 @@ typedef struct strbuf *(*diff_prefix_fn_t)(struct diff_options *opt, void *data)
 #define DIFF_OPT_OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG (1 << 27)
 #define DIFF_OPT_DIRSTAT_BY_LINE     (1 << 28)
 #define DIFF_OPT_FUNCCONTEXT         (1 << 29)
+#define DIFF_OPT_PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE (1 << 30)
 
 #define DIFF_OPT_TST(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags & DIFF_OPT_##flag)
-#define DIFF_OPT_SET(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag)
-#define DIFF_OPT_CLR(opts, flag)    ((opts)->flags &= ~DIFF_OPT_##flag)
+#define DIFF_OPT_TOUCHED(opts, flag)    ((opts)->touched_flags & DIFF_OPT_##flag)
+#define DIFF_OPT_SET(opts, flag)    (((opts)->flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag),((opts)->touched_flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag))
+#define DIFF_OPT_CLR(opts, flag)    (((opts)->flags &= ~DIFF_OPT_##flag),((opts)->touched_flags |= DIFF_OPT_##flag))
 #define DIFF_XDL_TST(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts & XDF_##flag)
 #define DIFF_XDL_SET(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts |= XDF_##flag)
 #define DIFF_XDL_CLR(opts, flag)    ((opts)->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_##flag)
 
+#define DIFF_WITH_ALG(opts, flag)   (((opts)->xdl_opts & ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK) | XDF_##flag)
+
 enum diff_words_type {
 	DIFF_WORDS_NONE = 0,
 	DIFF_WORDS_PORCELAIN,
@@ -98,12 +109,16 @@ enum diff_words_type {
 };
 
 struct diff_options {
-	const char *filter;
 	const char *orderfile;
 	const char *pickaxe;
 	const char *single_follow;
 	const char *a_prefix, *b_prefix;
 	unsigned flags;
+	unsigned touched_flags;
+
+	/* diff-filter bits */
+	unsigned int filter;
+
 	int use_color;
 	int context;
 	int interhunkcontext;
@@ -129,6 +144,7 @@ struct diff_options {
 
 	int stat_width;
 	int stat_name_width;
+	int stat_graph_width;
 	int stat_count;
 	const char *word_regex;
 	enum diff_words_type word_diff;
@@ -139,16 +155,22 @@ struct diff_options {
 	/* to support internal diff recursion by --follow hack*/
 	int found_follow;
 
+	void (*set_default)(struct diff_options *);
+
 	FILE *file;
 	int close_file;
 
 	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	pathchange_fn_t pathchange;
 	change_fn_t change;
 	add_remove_fn_t add_remove;
 	diff_format_fn_t format_callback;
 	void *format_callback_data;
 	diff_prefix_fn_t output_prefix;
+	int output_prefix_length;
 	void *output_prefix_data;
+
+	int diff_path_counter;
 };
 
 enum color_diff {
@@ -167,12 +189,15 @@ const char *diff_get_color(int diff_use_color, enum color_diff ix);
 	diff_get_color((o)->use_color, ix)
 
 
+const char *diff_line_prefix(struct diff_options *);
+
+
 extern const char mime_boundary_leader[];
 
-extern void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **paths, struct diff_options *);
-extern void diff_tree_release_paths(struct diff_options *);
-extern int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
-		     const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+extern struct combine_diff_path *diff_tree_paths(
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const unsigned char **parent_sha1, int nparent,
+	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 extern int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new,
 			  const char *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 extern int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base,
@@ -180,7 +205,6 @@ extern int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base,
 
 struct combine_diff_path {
 	struct combine_diff_path *next;
-	int len;
 	char *path;
 	unsigned int mode;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -209,12 +233,15 @@ extern void diff_addremove(struct diff_options *,
 			   int addremove,
 			   unsigned mode,
 			   const unsigned char *sha1,
+			   int sha1_valid,
 			   const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule);
 
 extern void diff_change(struct diff_options *,
 			unsigned mode1, unsigned mode2,
 			const unsigned char *sha1,
 			const unsigned char *sha2,
+			int sha1_valid,
+			int sha2_valid,
 			const char *fullpath,
 			unsigned dirty_submodule1, unsigned dirty_submodule2);
 
@@ -225,7 +252,7 @@ extern struct diff_filepair *diff_unmerge(struct diff_options *, const char *pat
 #define DIFF_SETUP_USE_SIZE_CACHE	4
 
 /*
- * Poor man's alternative to parse-option, to allow both sticked form
+ * Poor man's alternative to parse-option, to allow both stuck form
  * (--option=value) and separate form (--option value).
  */
 extern int parse_long_opt(const char *opt, const char **argv,
@@ -233,10 +260,9 @@ extern int parse_long_opt(const char *opt, const char **argv,
 
 extern int git_diff_basic_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
 extern int git_diff_ui_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
-extern int diff_use_color_default;
 extern void diff_setup(struct diff_options *);
 extern int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options *, const char **, int);
-extern int diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *);
+extern void diff_setup_done(struct diff_options *);
 
 #define DIFF_DETECT_RENAME	1
 #define DIFF_DETECT_COPY	2
@@ -312,7 +338,7 @@ extern int diff_flush_patch_id(struct diff_options *, unsigned char *);
 
 extern int diff_result_code(struct diff_options *, int);
 
-extern void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *, int, const char **, int, const char *);
+extern void diff_no_index(struct rev_info *, int, const char **, const char *);
 
 extern int index_differs_from(const char *def, int diff_flags);
 
@@ -324,7 +350,10 @@ extern struct userdiff_driver *get_textconv(struct diff_filespec *one);
 
 extern int parse_rename_score(const char **cp_p);
 
+extern long parse_algorithm_value(const char *value);
+
 extern int print_stat_summary(FILE *fp, int files,
 			      int insertions, int deletions);
+extern void setup_diff_pager(struct diff_options *);
 
 #endif /* DIFF_H */
diff --git a/diffcore-break.c b/diffcore-break.c
index 44f8678d22..5473493e10 100644
--- a/diffcore-break.c
+++ b/diffcore-break.c
@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ static int should_break(struct diff_filespec *src,
 	if (max_size < MINIMUM_BREAK_SIZE)
 		return 0; /* we do not break too small filepair */
 
+	if (!src->size)
+		return 0; /* we do not let empty files get renamed */
+
 	if (diffcore_count_changes(src, dst,
 				   &src->cnt_data, &dst->cnt_data,
 				   0,
@@ -243,6 +246,13 @@ static void merge_broken(struct diff_filepair *p,
 
 	dp = diff_queue(outq, d->one, c->two);
 	dp->score = p->score;
+	/*
+	 * We will be one extra user of the same src side of the
+	 * broken pair, if it was used as the rename source for other
+	 * paths elsewhere.  Increment to mark that the path stays
+	 * in the resulting tree.
+	 */
+	d->one->rename_used++;
 	diff_free_filespec_data(d->two);
 	diff_free_filespec_data(c->one);
 	free(d);
diff --git a/diffcore-order.c b/diffcore-order.c
index 23e93852d8..97dd3d0095 100644
--- a/diffcore-order.c
+++ b/diffcore-order.c
@@ -10,28 +10,21 @@ static int order_cnt;
 
 static void prepare_order(const char *orderfile)
 {
-	int fd, cnt, pass;
+	int cnt, pass;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	void *map;
 	char *cp, *endp;
-	struct stat st;
-	size_t sz;
+	ssize_t sz;
 
 	if (order)
 		return;
 
-	fd = open(orderfile, O_RDONLY);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		return;
-	if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
-		close(fd);
-		return;
-	}
-	sz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
-	map = mmap(NULL, sz, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
-	close(fd);
-	if (map == MAP_FAILED)
-		return;
+	sz = strbuf_read_file(&sb, orderfile, 0);
+	if (sz < 0)
+		die_errno(_("failed to read orderfile '%s'"), orderfile);
+	map = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
 	endp = (char *) map + sz;
+
 	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
 		cnt = 0;
 		cp = map;
@@ -64,24 +57,19 @@ static void prepare_order(const char *orderfile)
 	}
 }
 
-struct pair_order {
-	struct diff_filepair *pair;
-	int orig_order;
-	int order;
-};
-
 static int match_order(const char *path)
 {
 	int i;
-	char p[PATH_MAX];
+	static struct strbuf p = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < order_cnt; i++) {
-		strcpy(p, path);
-		while (p[0]) {
+		strbuf_reset(&p);
+		strbuf_addstr(&p, path);
+		while (p.buf[0]) {
 			char *cp;
-			if (!fnmatch(order[i], p, 0))
+			if (!wildmatch(order[i], p.buf, 0, NULL))
 				return i;
-			cp = strrchr(p, '/');
+			cp = strrchr(p.buf, '/');
 			if (!cp)
 				break;
 			*cp = 0;
@@ -90,35 +78,54 @@ static int match_order(const char *path)
 	return order_cnt;
 }
 
-static int compare_pair_order(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+static int compare_objs_order(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 {
-	struct pair_order const *a, *b;
-	a = (struct pair_order const *)a_;
-	b = (struct pair_order const *)b_;
+	struct obj_order const *a, *b;
+	a = (struct obj_order const *)a_;
+	b = (struct obj_order const *)b_;
 	if (a->order != b->order)
 		return a->order - b->order;
 	return a->orig_order - b->orig_order;
 }
 
+void order_objects(const char *orderfile, obj_path_fn_t obj_path,
+		   struct obj_order *objs, int nr)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!nr)
+		return;
+
+	prepare_order(orderfile);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		objs[i].orig_order = i;
+		objs[i].order = match_order(obj_path(objs[i].obj));
+	}
+	qsort(objs, nr, sizeof(*objs), compare_objs_order);
+}
+
+static const char *pair_pathtwo(void *obj)
+{
+	struct diff_filepair *pair = (struct diff_filepair *)obj;
+
+	return pair->two->path;
+}
+
 void diffcore_order(const char *orderfile)
 {
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
-	struct pair_order *o;
+	struct obj_order *o;
 	int i;
 
 	if (!q->nr)
 		return;
 
 	o = xmalloc(sizeof(*o) * q->nr);
-	prepare_order(orderfile);
-	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
-		o[i].pair = q->queue[i];
-		o[i].orig_order = i;
-		o[i].order = match_order(o[i].pair->two->path);
-	}
-	qsort(o, q->nr, sizeof(*o), compare_pair_order);
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
-		q->queue[i] = o[i].pair;
+		o[i].obj = q->queue[i];
+	order_objects(orderfile, pair_pathtwo, o, q->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+		q->queue[i] = o[i].obj;
 	free(o);
 	return;
 }
diff --git a/diffcore-pickaxe.c b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
index 380a837b5b..185f86b284 100644
--- a/diffcore-pickaxe.c
+++ b/diffcore-pickaxe.c
@@ -8,45 +8,9 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "kwset.h"
 
-typedef int (*pickaxe_fn)(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o, regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws);
-
-static void pickaxe(struct diff_queue_struct *q, struct diff_options *o,
-		    regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
-
-	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
-
-	if (o->pickaxe_opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL) {
-		/* Showing the whole changeset if needle exists */
-		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
-			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (fn(p, o, regexp, kws))
-				return; /* do not munge the queue */
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * Otherwise we will clear the whole queue by copying
-		 * the empty outq at the end of this function, but
-		 * first clear the current entries in the queue.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
-			diff_free_filepair(q->queue[i]);
-	} else {
-		/* Showing only the filepairs that has the needle */
-		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
-			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
-			if (fn(p, o, regexp, kws))
-				diff_q(&outq, p);
-			else
-				diff_free_filepair(p);
-		}
-	}
-
-	free(q->queue);
-	*q = outq;
-}
+typedef int (*pickaxe_fn)(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+			  struct diff_options *o,
+			  regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws);
 
 struct diffgrep_cb {
 	regex_t *regexp;
@@ -74,98 +38,43 @@ static void diffgrep_consume(void *priv, char *line, unsigned long len)
 	line[len] = hold;
 }
 
-static void fill_one(struct diff_filespec *one,
-		     mmfile_t *mf, struct userdiff_driver **textconv)
-{
-	if (DIFF_FILE_VALID(one)) {
-		*textconv = get_textconv(one);
-		mf->size = fill_textconv(*textconv, one, &mf->ptr);
-	} else {
-		memset(mf, 0, sizeof(*mf));
-	}
-}
-
-static int diff_grep(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+static int diff_grep(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+		     struct diff_options *o,
 		     regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
 	regmatch_t regmatch;
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
-	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
-	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
-	int hit;
-
-	if (diff_unmodified_pair(p))
-		return 0;
-
-	fill_one(p->one, &mf1, &textconv_one);
-	fill_one(p->two, &mf2, &textconv_two);
-
-	if (!mf1.ptr) {
-		if (!mf2.ptr)
-			return 0; /* ignore unmerged */
-		/* created "two" -- does it have what we are looking for? */
-		hit = !regexec(regexp, p->two->data, 1, &regmatch, 0);
-	} else if (!mf2.ptr) {
-		/* removed "one" -- did it have what we are looking for? */
-		hit = !regexec(regexp, p->one->data, 1, &regmatch, 0);
-	} else {
-		/*
-		 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
-		 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
-		 */
-		struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
-		xpparam_t xpp;
-		xdemitconf_t xecfg;
-
-		memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
-		memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
-		ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
-		ecbdata.hit = 0;
-		xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
-		xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
-		xdi_diff_outf(&mf1, &mf2, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata,
-			      &xpp, &xecfg);
-		hit = ecbdata.hit;
-	}
-	if (textconv_one)
-		free(mf1.ptr);
-	if (textconv_two)
-		free(mf2.ptr);
-	return hit;
+	struct diffgrep_cb ecbdata;
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+
+	if (!one)
+		return !regexec(regexp, two->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+	if (!two)
+		return !regexec(regexp, one->ptr, 1, &regmatch, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * We have both sides; need to run textual diff and see if
+	 * the pattern appears on added/deleted lines.
+	 */
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	ecbdata.regexp = regexp;
+	ecbdata.hit = 0;
+	xecfg.ctxlen = o->context;
+	xecfg.interhunkctxlen = o->interhunkcontext;
+	xdi_diff_outf(one, two, diffgrep_consume, &ecbdata,
+		      &xpp, &xecfg);
+	return ecbdata.hit;
 }
 
-static void diffcore_pickaxe_grep(struct diff_options *o)
-{
-	int err;
-	regex_t regex;
-
-	err = regcomp(&regex, o->pickaxe, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE);
-	if (err) {
-		char errbuf[1024];
-		regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
-		regfree(&regex);
-		die("invalid log-grep regex: %s", errbuf);
-	}
-
-	pickaxe(&diff_queued_diff, o, &regex, NULL, diff_grep);
-
-	regfree(&regex);
-	return;
-}
-
-static unsigned int contains(struct diff_filespec *one, struct diff_options *o,
-			     regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
+static unsigned int contains(mmfile_t *mf, regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
 	unsigned int cnt;
 	unsigned long sz;
 	const char *data;
-	if (!o->pickaxe[0])
-		return 0;
-	if (diff_populate_filespec(one, 0))
-		return 0;
 
-	sz = one->size;
-	data = one->data;
+	sz = mf->size;
+	data = mf->ptr;
 	cnt = 0;
 
 	if (regexp) {
@@ -185,77 +94,145 @@ static unsigned int contains(struct diff_filespec *one, struct diff_options *o,
 		while (sz) {
 			struct kwsmatch kwsm;
 			size_t offset = kwsexec(kws, data, sz, &kwsm);
-			const char *found;
 			if (offset == -1)
 				break;
-			else
-				found = data + offset;
-			sz -= found - data + kwsm.size[0];
-			data = found + kwsm.size[0];
+			sz -= offset + kwsm.size[0];
+			data += offset + kwsm.size[0];
 			cnt++;
 		}
 	}
-	diff_free_filespec_data(one);
 	return cnt;
 }
 
-static int has_changes(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+static int has_changes(mmfile_t *one, mmfile_t *two,
+		       struct diff_options *o,
 		       regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws)
 {
-	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one)) {
-		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
-			return 0; /* ignore unmerged */
-		/* created */
-		return contains(p->two, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
+	unsigned int one_contains = one ? contains(one, regexp, kws) : 0;
+	unsigned int two_contains = two ? contains(two, regexp, kws) : 0;
+	return one_contains != two_contains;
+}
+
+static int pickaxe_match(struct diff_filepair *p, struct diff_options *o,
+			 regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
+{
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_one = NULL;
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv_two = NULL;
+	mmfile_t mf1, mf2;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!o->pickaxe[0])
+		return 0;
+
+	/* ignore unmerged */
+	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) && !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_TEXTCONV)) {
+		textconv_one = get_textconv(p->one);
+		textconv_two = get_textconv(p->two);
 	}
-	if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two))
-		return contains(p->one, o, regexp, kws) != 0;
-	if (!diff_unmodified_pair(p)) {
-		return contains(p->one, o, regexp, kws) !=
-		       contains(p->two, o, regexp, kws);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have an unmodified pair, we know that the count will be the
+	 * same and don't even have to load the blobs. Unless textconv is in
+	 * play, _and_ we are using two different textconv filters (e.g.,
+	 * because a pair is an exact rename with different textconv attributes
+	 * for each side, which might generate different content).
+	 */
+	if (textconv_one == textconv_two && diff_unmodified_pair(p))
+		return 0;
+
+	mf1.size = fill_textconv(textconv_one, p->one, &mf1.ptr);
+	mf2.size = fill_textconv(textconv_two, p->two, &mf2.ptr);
+
+	ret = fn(DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one) ? &mf1 : NULL,
+		 DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two) ? &mf2 : NULL,
+		 o, regexp, kws);
+
+	if (textconv_one)
+		free(mf1.ptr);
+	if (textconv_two)
+		free(mf2.ptr);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(p->one);
+	diff_free_filespec_data(p->two);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void pickaxe(struct diff_queue_struct *q, struct diff_options *o,
+		    regex_t *regexp, kwset_t kws, pickaxe_fn fn)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
+
+	if (o->pickaxe_opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_ALL) {
+		/* Showing the whole changeset if needle exists */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (pickaxe_match(p, o, regexp, kws, fn))
+				return; /* do not munge the queue */
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise we will clear the whole queue by copying
+		 * the empty outq at the end of this function, but
+		 * first clear the current entries in the queue.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++)
+			diff_free_filepair(q->queue[i]);
+	} else {
+		/* Showing only the filepairs that has the needle */
+		for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
+			struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
+			if (pickaxe_match(p, o, regexp, kws, fn))
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+			else
+				diff_free_filepair(p);
+		}
 	}
-	return 0;
+
+	free(q->queue);
+	*q = outq;
 }
 
-static void diffcore_pickaxe_count(struct diff_options *o)
+void diffcore_pickaxe(struct diff_options *o)
 {
 	const char *needle = o->pickaxe;
 	int opts = o->pickaxe_opts;
-	unsigned long len = strlen(needle);
 	regex_t regex, *regexp = NULL;
 	kwset_t kws = NULL;
 
-	if (opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX) {
+	if (opts & (DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX | DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_G)) {
 		int err;
-		err = regcomp(&regex, needle, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE);
+		int cflags = REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE;
+		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE))
+			cflags |= REG_ICASE;
+		err = regcomp(&regex, needle, cflags);
 		if (err) {
 			/* The POSIX.2 people are surely sick */
 			char errbuf[1024];
 			regerror(err, &regex, errbuf, 1024);
 			regfree(&regex);
-			die("invalid pickaxe regex: %s", errbuf);
+			die("invalid regex: %s", errbuf);
 		}
 		regexp = &regex;
 	} else {
-		kws = kwsalloc(NULL);
-		kwsincr(kws, needle, len);
+		kws = kwsalloc(DIFF_OPT_TST(o, PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE)
+			       ? tolower_trans_tbl : NULL);
+		kwsincr(kws, needle, strlen(needle));
 		kwsprep(kws);
 	}
 
-	pickaxe(&diff_queued_diff, o, regexp, kws, has_changes);
+	/* Might want to warn when both S and G are on; I don't care... */
+	pickaxe(&diff_queued_diff, o, regexp, kws,
+		(opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_G) ? diff_grep : has_changes);
 
-	if (opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_REGEX)
-		regfree(&regex);
+	if (regexp)
+		regfree(regexp);
 	else
 		kwsfree(kws);
 	return;
 }
-
-void diffcore_pickaxe(struct diff_options *o)
-{
-	/* Might want to warn when both S and G are on; I don't care... */
-	if (o->pickaxe_opts & DIFF_PICKAXE_KIND_G)
-		diffcore_pickaxe_grep(o);
-	else
-		diffcore_pickaxe_count(o);
-}
diff --git a/diffcore-rename.c b/diffcore-rename.c
index f639601c76..af1fe08861 100644
--- a/diffcore-rename.c
+++ b/diffcore-rename.c
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "diffcore.h"
-#include "hash.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
 #include "progress.h"
 
 /* Table of rename/copy destinations */
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ static struct diff_rename_dst {
 } *rename_dst;
 static int rename_dst_nr, rename_dst_alloc;
 
-static struct diff_rename_dst *locate_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two,
-						 int insert_ok)
+static int find_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two)
 {
 	int first, last;
 
@@ -27,30 +26,43 @@ static struct diff_rename_dst *locate_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two,
 		struct diff_rename_dst *dst = &(rename_dst[next]);
 		int cmp = strcmp(two->path, dst->two->path);
 		if (!cmp)
-			return dst;
+			return next;
 		if (cmp < 0) {
 			last = next;
 			continue;
 		}
 		first = next+1;
 	}
-	/* not found */
-	if (!insert_ok)
-		return NULL;
+	return -first - 1;
+}
+
+static struct diff_rename_dst *locate_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two)
+{
+	int ofs = find_rename_dst(two);
+	return ofs < 0 ? NULL : &rename_dst[ofs];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 if we found a duplicate.
+ */
+static int add_rename_dst(struct diff_filespec *two)
+{
+	int first = find_rename_dst(two);
+
+	if (first >= 0)
+		return -1;
+	first = -first - 1;
+
 	/* insert to make it at "first" */
-	if (rename_dst_alloc <= rename_dst_nr) {
-		rename_dst_alloc = alloc_nr(rename_dst_alloc);
-		rename_dst = xrealloc(rename_dst,
-				      rename_dst_alloc * sizeof(*rename_dst));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(rename_dst, rename_dst_nr + 1, rename_dst_alloc);
 	rename_dst_nr++;
 	if (first < rename_dst_nr)
 		memmove(rename_dst + first + 1, rename_dst + first,
 			(rename_dst_nr - first - 1) * sizeof(*rename_dst));
 	rename_dst[first].two = alloc_filespec(two->path);
-	fill_filespec(rename_dst[first].two, two->sha1, two->mode);
+	fill_filespec(rename_dst[first].two, two->sha1, two->sha1_valid, two->mode);
 	rename_dst[first].pair = NULL;
-	return &(rename_dst[first]);
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /* Table of rename/copy src files */
@@ -82,11 +94,7 @@ static struct diff_rename_src *register_rename_src(struct diff_filepair *p)
 	}
 
 	/* insert to make it at "first" */
-	if (rename_src_alloc <= rename_src_nr) {
-		rename_src_alloc = alloc_nr(rename_src_alloc);
-		rename_src = xrealloc(rename_src,
-				      rename_src_alloc * sizeof(*rename_src));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(rename_src, rename_src_nr + 1, rename_src_alloc);
 	rename_src_nr++;
 	if (first < rename_src_nr)
 		memmove(rename_src + first + 1, rename_src + first,
@@ -155,9 +163,11 @@ static int estimate_similarity(struct diff_filespec *src,
 	 * is a possible size - we really should have a flag to
 	 * say whether the size is valid or not!)
 	 */
-	if (!src->cnt_data && diff_populate_filespec(src, 1))
+	if (!src->cnt_data &&
+	    diff_populate_filespec(src, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY))
 		return 0;
-	if (!dst->cnt_data && diff_populate_filespec(dst, 1))
+	if (!dst->cnt_data &&
+	    diff_populate_filespec(dst, CHECK_SIZE_ONLY))
 		return 0;
 
 	max_size = ((src->size > dst->size) ? src->size : dst->size);
@@ -243,137 +253,79 @@ static int score_compare(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 }
 
 struct file_similarity {
-	int src_dst, index;
+	struct hashmap_entry entry;
+	int index;
 	struct diff_filespec *filespec;
-	struct file_similarity *next;
 };
 
-static int find_identical_files(struct file_similarity *src,
-				struct file_similarity *dst,
+static unsigned int hash_filespec(struct diff_filespec *filespec)
+{
+	if (!filespec->sha1_valid) {
+		if (diff_populate_filespec(filespec, 0))
+			return 0;
+		hash_sha1_file(filespec->data, filespec->size, "blob", filespec->sha1);
+	}
+	return sha1hash(filespec->sha1);
+}
+
+static int find_identical_files(struct hashmap *srcs,
+				int dst_index,
 				struct diff_options *options)
 {
 	int renames = 0;
 
+	struct diff_filespec *target = rename_dst[dst_index].two;
+	struct file_similarity *p, *best = NULL;
+	int i = 100, best_score = -1;
+
 	/*
-	 * Walk over all the destinations ...
+	 * Find the best source match for specified destination.
 	 */
-	do {
-		struct diff_filespec *target = dst->filespec;
-		struct file_similarity *p, *best;
-		int i = 100, best_score = -1;
-
-		/*
-		 * .. to find the best source match
-		 */
-		best = NULL;
-		for (p = src; p; p = p->next) {
-			int score;
-			struct diff_filespec *source = p->filespec;
-
-			/* False hash collision? */
-			if (hashcmp(source->sha1, target->sha1))
-				continue;
-			/* Non-regular files? If so, the modes must match! */
-			if (!S_ISREG(source->mode) || !S_ISREG(target->mode)) {
-				if (source->mode != target->mode)
-					continue;
-			}
-			/* Give higher scores to sources that haven't been used already */
-			score = !source->rename_used;
-			if (source->rename_used && options->detect_rename != DIFF_DETECT_COPY)
-				continue;
-			score += basename_same(source, target);
-			if (score > best_score) {
-				best = p;
-				best_score = score;
-				if (score == 2)
-					break;
-			}
+	p = hashmap_get_from_hash(srcs, hash_filespec(target), NULL);
+	for (; p; p = hashmap_get_next(srcs, p)) {
+		int score;
+		struct diff_filespec *source = p->filespec;
 
-			/* Too many identical alternatives? Pick one */
-			if (!--i)
-				break;
+		/* False hash collision? */
+		if (hashcmp(source->sha1, target->sha1))
+			continue;
+		/* Non-regular files? If so, the modes must match! */
+		if (!S_ISREG(source->mode) || !S_ISREG(target->mode)) {
+			if (source->mode != target->mode)
+				continue;
 		}
-		if (best) {
-			record_rename_pair(dst->index, best->index, MAX_SCORE);
-			renames++;
+		/* Give higher scores to sources that haven't been used already */
+		score = !source->rename_used;
+		if (source->rename_used && options->detect_rename != DIFF_DETECT_COPY)
+			continue;
+		score += basename_same(source, target);
+		if (score > best_score) {
+			best = p;
+			best_score = score;
+			if (score == 2)
+				break;
 		}
-	} while ((dst = dst->next) != NULL);
-	return renames;
-}
 
-static void free_similarity_list(struct file_similarity *p)
-{
-	while (p) {
-		struct file_similarity *entry = p;
-		p = p->next;
-		free(entry);
+		/* Too many identical alternatives? Pick one */
+		if (!--i)
+			break;
 	}
-}
-
-static int find_same_files(void *ptr, void *data)
-{
-	int ret;
-	struct file_similarity *p = ptr;
-	struct file_similarity *src = NULL, *dst = NULL;
-	struct diff_options *options = data;
-
-	/* Split the hash list up into sources and destinations */
-	do {
-		struct file_similarity *entry = p;
-		p = p->next;
-		if (entry->src_dst < 0) {
-			entry->next = src;
-			src = entry;
-		} else {
-			entry->next = dst;
-			dst = entry;
-		}
-	} while (p);
-
-	/*
-	 * If we have both sources *and* destinations, see if
-	 * we can match them up
-	 */
-	ret = (src && dst) ? find_identical_files(src, dst, options) : 0;
-
-	/* Free the hashes and return the number of renames found */
-	free_similarity_list(src);
-	free_similarity_list(dst);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static unsigned int hash_filespec(struct diff_filespec *filespec)
-{
-	unsigned int hash;
-	if (!filespec->sha1_valid) {
-		if (diff_populate_filespec(filespec, 0))
-			return 0;
-		hash_sha1_file(filespec->data, filespec->size, "blob", filespec->sha1);
+	if (best) {
+		record_rename_pair(dst_index, best->index, MAX_SCORE);
+		renames++;
 	}
-	memcpy(&hash, filespec->sha1, sizeof(hash));
-	return hash;
+	return renames;
 }
 
-static void insert_file_table(struct hash_table *table, int src_dst, int index, struct diff_filespec *filespec)
+static void insert_file_table(struct hashmap *table, int index, struct diff_filespec *filespec)
 {
-	void **pos;
-	unsigned int hash;
 	struct file_similarity *entry = xmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
 
-	entry->src_dst = src_dst;
 	entry->index = index;
 	entry->filespec = filespec;
-	entry->next = NULL;
 
-	hash = hash_filespec(filespec);
-	pos = insert_hash(hash, entry, table);
-
-	/* We already had an entry there? */
-	if (pos) {
-		entry->next = *pos;
-		*pos = entry;
-	}
+	hashmap_entry_init(entry, hash_filespec(filespec));
+	hashmap_add(table, entry);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -385,23 +337,22 @@ static void insert_file_table(struct hash_table *table, int src_dst, int index,
  */
 static int find_exact_renames(struct diff_options *options)
 {
-	int i;
-	struct hash_table file_table;
+	int i, renames = 0;
+	struct hashmap file_table;
 
-	init_hash(&file_table);
+	/* Add all sources to the hash table */
+	hashmap_init(&file_table, NULL, rename_src_nr);
 	for (i = 0; i < rename_src_nr; i++)
-		insert_file_table(&file_table, -1, i, rename_src[i].p->one);
+		insert_file_table(&file_table, i, rename_src[i].p->one);
 
+	/* Walk the destinations and find best source match */
 	for (i = 0; i < rename_dst_nr; i++)
-		insert_file_table(&file_table, 1, i, rename_dst[i].two);
-
-	/* Find the renames */
-	i = for_each_hash(&file_table, find_same_files, options);
+		renames += find_identical_files(&file_table, i, options);
 
-	/* .. and free the hash data structure */
-	free_hash(&file_table);
+	/* Free the hash data structure and entries */
+	hashmap_free(&file_table, 1);
 
-	return i;
+	return renames;
 }
 
 #define NUM_CANDIDATE_PER_DST 4
@@ -512,9 +463,19 @@ void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *options)
 			else if (options->single_follow &&
 				 strcmp(options->single_follow, p->two->path))
 				continue; /* not interested */
-			else
-				locate_rename_dst(p->two, 1);
+			else if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(options, RENAME_EMPTY) &&
+				 is_empty_blob_sha1(p->two->sha1))
+				continue;
+			else if (add_rename_dst(p->two) < 0) {
+				warning("skipping rename detection, detected"
+					" duplicate destination '%s'",
+					p->two->path);
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
 		}
+		else if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(options, RENAME_EMPTY) &&
+			 is_empty_blob_sha1(p->one->sha1))
+			continue;
 		else if (!DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p) && !DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
 			/*
 			 * If the source is a broken "delete", and
@@ -572,7 +533,7 @@ void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *options)
 
 	if (options->show_rename_progress) {
 		progress = start_progress_delay(
-				"Performing inexact rename detection",
+				_("Performing inexact rename detection"),
 				rename_dst_nr * rename_src_nr, 50, 1);
 	}
 
@@ -641,8 +602,7 @@ void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *options)
 			 * We would output this create record if it has
 			 * not been turned into a rename/copy already.
 			 */
-			struct diff_rename_dst *dst =
-				locate_rename_dst(p->two, 0);
+			struct diff_rename_dst *dst = locate_rename_dst(p->two);
 			if (dst && dst->pair) {
 				diff_q(&outq, dst->pair);
 				pair_to_free = p;
@@ -672,8 +632,7 @@ void diffcore_rename(struct diff_options *options)
 			 */
 			if (DIFF_PAIR_BROKEN(p)) {
 				/* broken delete */
-				struct diff_rename_dst *dst =
-					locate_rename_dst(p->one, 0);
+				struct diff_rename_dst *dst = locate_rename_dst(p->one);
 				if (dst && dst->pair)
 					/* counterpart is now rename/copy */
 					pair_to_free = p;
diff --git a/diffcore.h b/diffcore.h
index 8f32b824cd..33ea2de348 100644
--- a/diffcore.h
+++ b/diffcore.h
@@ -29,10 +29,8 @@ struct diff_filespec {
 	char *path;
 	void *data;
 	void *cnt_data;
-	const char *funcname_pattern_ident;
 	unsigned long size;
 	int count;               /* Reference count */
-	int xfrm_flags;		 /* for use by the xfrm */
 	int rename_used;         /* Count of rename users */
 	unsigned short mode;	 /* file mode */
 	unsigned sha1_valid : 1; /* if true, use sha1 and trust mode;
@@ -45,18 +43,21 @@ struct diff_filespec {
 	unsigned dirty_submodule : 2;  /* For submodules: its work tree is dirty */
 #define DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED 1
 #define DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED  2
+	unsigned is_stdin : 1;
 	unsigned has_more_entries : 1; /* only appear in combined diff */
-	struct userdiff_driver *driver;
 	/* data should be considered "binary"; -1 means "don't know yet" */
-	int is_binary;
+	signed int is_binary : 2;
+	struct userdiff_driver *driver;
 };
 
 extern struct diff_filespec *alloc_filespec(const char *);
 extern void free_filespec(struct diff_filespec *);
 extern void fill_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, const unsigned char *,
-			  unsigned short);
+			  int, unsigned short);
 
-extern int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, int);
+#define CHECK_SIZE_ONLY 1
+#define CHECK_BINARY    2
+extern int diff_populate_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, unsigned int);
 extern void diff_free_filespec_data(struct diff_filespec *);
 extern void diff_free_filespec_blob(struct diff_filespec *);
 extern int diff_filespec_is_binary(struct diff_filespec *);
@@ -69,6 +70,8 @@ struct diff_filepair {
 	unsigned broken_pair : 1;
 	unsigned renamed_pair : 1;
 	unsigned is_unmerged : 1;
+	unsigned done_skip_stat_unmatch : 1;
+	unsigned skip_stat_unmatch_result : 1;
 };
 #define DIFF_PAIR_UNMERGED(p) ((p)->is_unmerged)
 
@@ -110,6 +113,20 @@ extern void diffcore_merge_broken(void);
 extern void diffcore_pickaxe(struct diff_options *);
 extern void diffcore_order(const char *orderfile);
 
+/* low-level interface to diffcore_order */
+struct obj_order {
+	void *obj;	/* setup by caller */
+
+	/* setup/used by order_objects() */
+	int orig_order;
+	int order;
+};
+
+typedef const char *(*obj_path_fn_t)(void *obj);
+
+void order_objects(const char *orderfile, obj_path_fn_t obj_path,
+		   struct obj_order *objs, int nr);
+
 #define DIFF_DEBUG 0
 #if DIFF_DEBUG
 void diff_debug_filespec(struct diff_filespec *, int, const char *);
diff --git a/dir.c b/dir.c
index 0a78d00b54..0943a81964 100644
--- a/dir.c
+++ b/dir.c
@@ -2,19 +2,37 @@
  * This handles recursive filename detection with exclude
  * files, index knowledge etc..
  *
+ * See Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt
+ *
  * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005-2006
  *		 Junio Hamano, 2005-2006
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 struct path_simplify {
 	int len;
 	const char *path;
 };
 
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len,
+/*
+ * Tells read_directory_recursive how a file or directory should be treated.
+ * Values are ordered by significance, e.g. if a directory contains both
+ * excluded and untracked files, it is listed as untracked because
+ * path_untracked > path_excluded.
+ */
+enum path_treatment {
+	path_none = 0,
+	path_recurse,
+	path_excluded,
+	path_untracked
+};
+
+static enum path_treatment read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	const char *path, int len,
 	int check_only, const struct path_simplify *simplify);
 static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len);
 
@@ -31,28 +49,106 @@ int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count)
 
 int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags)
 {
-	return fnmatch(pattern, string, flags | (ignore_case ? FNM_CASEFOLD : 0));
+	return wildmatch(pattern, string,
+			 flags | (ignore_case ? WM_CASEFOLD : 0),
+			 NULL);
 }
 
-static size_t common_prefix_len(const char **pathspec)
+int git_fnmatch(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		const char *pattern, const char *string,
+		int prefix)
 {
-	const char *n, *first;
+	if (prefix > 0) {
+		if (ps_strncmp(item, pattern, string, prefix))
+			return WM_NOMATCH;
+		pattern += prefix;
+		string += prefix;
+	}
+	if (item->flags & PATHSPEC_ONESTAR) {
+		int pattern_len = strlen(++pattern);
+		int string_len = strlen(string);
+		return string_len < pattern_len ||
+			ps_strcmp(item, pattern,
+				  string + string_len - pattern_len);
+	}
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB)
+		return wildmatch(pattern, string,
+				 WM_PATHNAME |
+				 (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE ? WM_CASEFOLD : 0),
+				 NULL);
+	else
+		/* wildmatch has not learned no FNM_PATHNAME mode yet */
+		return wildmatch(pattern, string,
+				 item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE ? WM_CASEFOLD : 0,
+				 NULL);
+}
+
+static int fnmatch_icase_mem(const char *pattern, int patternlen,
+			     const char *string, int stringlen,
+			     int flags)
+{
+	int match_status;
+	struct strbuf pat_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf str_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *use_pat = pattern;
+	const char *use_str = string;
+
+	if (pattern[patternlen]) {
+		strbuf_add(&pat_buf, pattern, patternlen);
+		use_pat = pat_buf.buf;
+	}
+	if (string[stringlen]) {
+		strbuf_add(&str_buf, string, stringlen);
+		use_str = str_buf.buf;
+	}
+
+	if (ignore_case)
+		flags |= WM_CASEFOLD;
+	match_status = wildmatch(use_pat, use_str, flags, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(&pat_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&str_buf);
+
+	return match_status;
+}
+
+static size_t common_prefix_len(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	int n;
 	size_t max = 0;
 
-	if (!pathspec)
-		return max;
-
-	first = *pathspec;
-	while ((n = *pathspec++)) {
-		size_t i, len = 0;
-		for (i = 0; first == n || i < max; i++) {
-			char c = n[i];
-			if (!c || c != first[i] || is_glob_special(c))
+	/*
+	 * ":(icase)path" is treated as a pathspec full of
+	 * wildcard. In other words, only prefix is considered common
+	 * prefix. If the pathspec is abc/foo abc/bar, running in
+	 * subdir xyz, the common prefix is still xyz, not xuz/abc as
+	 * in non-:(icase).
+	 */
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(pathspec,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+		       PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE);
+
+	for (n = 0; n < pathspec->nr; n++) {
+		size_t i = 0, len = 0, item_len;
+		if (pathspec->items[n].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)
+			continue;
+		if (pathspec->items[n].magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+			item_len = pathspec->items[n].prefix;
+		else
+			item_len = pathspec->items[n].nowildcard_len;
+		while (i < item_len && (n == 0 || i < max)) {
+			char c = pathspec->items[n].match[i];
+			if (c != pathspec->items[0].match[i])
 				break;
 			if (c == '/')
 				len = i + 1;
+			i++;
 		}
-		if (first == n || len < max) {
+		if (n == 0 || len < max) {
 			max = len;
 			if (!max)
 				break;
@@ -65,16 +161,15 @@ static size_t common_prefix_len(const char **pathspec)
  * Returns a copy of the longest leading path common among all
  * pathspecs.
  */
-char *common_prefix(const char **pathspec)
+char *common_prefix(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	unsigned long len = common_prefix_len(pathspec);
 
-	return len ? xmemdupz(*pathspec, len) : NULL;
+	return len ? xmemdupz(pathspec->items[0].match, len) : NULL;
 }
 
-int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec)
+int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
-	const char *path;
 	size_t len;
 
 	/*
@@ -82,15 +177,9 @@ int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec)
 	 * use that to optimize the directory walk
 	 */
 	len = common_prefix_len(pathspec);
-	path = "";
-
-	if (len)
-		path = xmemdupz(*pathspec, len);
 
 	/* Read the directory and prune it */
-	read_directory(dir, path, len, pathspec);
-	if (*path)
-		free((char *)path);
+	read_directory(dir, pathspec->nr ? pathspec->_raw[0] : "", len, pathspec);
 	return len;
 }
 
@@ -109,102 +198,8 @@ int within_depth(const char *name, int namelen,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-/*
- * Does 'match' match the given name?
- * A match is found if
- *
- * (1) the 'match' string is leading directory of 'name', or
- * (2) the 'match' string is a wildcard and matches 'name', or
- * (3) the 'match' string is exactly the same as 'name'.
- *
- * and the return value tells which case it was.
- *
- * It returns 0 when there is no match.
- */
-static int match_one(const char *match, const char *name, int namelen)
-{
-	int matchlen;
-
-	/* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
-	if (!*match)
-		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
-
-	if (ignore_case) {
-		for (;;) {
-			unsigned char c1 = tolower(*match);
-			unsigned char c2 = tolower(*name);
-			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
-				break;
-			if (c1 != c2)
-				return 0;
-			match++;
-			name++;
-			namelen--;
-		}
-	} else {
-		for (;;) {
-			unsigned char c1 = *match;
-			unsigned char c2 = *name;
-			if (c1 == '\0' || is_glob_special(c1))
-				break;
-			if (c1 != c2)
-				return 0;
-			match++;
-			name++;
-			namelen--;
-		}
-	}
-
-
-	/*
-	 * If we don't match the matchstring exactly,
-	 * we need to match by fnmatch
-	 */
-	matchlen = strlen(match);
-	if (strncmp_icase(match, name, matchlen))
-		return !fnmatch_icase(match, name, 0) ? MATCHED_FNMATCH : 0;
-
-	if (namelen == matchlen)
-		return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
-	if (match[matchlen-1] == '/' || name[matchlen] == '/')
-		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
- * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
- * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
- * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
- * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
- * actually matched anything.
- */
-int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen,
-		int prefix, char *seen)
-{
-	int i, retval = 0;
-
-	if (!pathspec)
-		return 1;
-
-	name += prefix;
-	namelen -= prefix;
-
-	for (i = 0; pathspec[i] != NULL; i++) {
-		int how;
-		const char *match = pathspec[i] + prefix;
-		if (seen && seen[i] == MATCHED_EXACTLY)
-			continue;
-		how = match_one(match, name, namelen);
-		if (how) {
-			if (retval < how)
-				retval = how;
-			if (seen && seen[i] < how)
-				seen[i] = how;
-		}
-	}
-	return retval;
-}
+#define DO_MATCH_EXCLUDE   1
+#define DO_MATCH_DIRECTORY 2
 
 /*
  * Does 'match' match the given name?
@@ -219,46 +214,103 @@ int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen,
  * It returns 0 when there is no match.
  */
 static int match_pathspec_item(const struct pathspec_item *item, int prefix,
-			       const char *name, int namelen)
+			       const char *name, int namelen, unsigned flags)
 {
 	/* name/namelen has prefix cut off by caller */
 	const char *match = item->match + prefix;
 	int matchlen = item->len - prefix;
 
+	/*
+	 * The normal call pattern is:
+	 * 1. prefix = common_prefix_len(ps);
+	 * 2. prune something, or fill_directory
+	 * 3. match_pathspec()
+	 *
+	 * 'prefix' at #1 may be shorter than the command's prefix and
+	 * it's ok for #2 to match extra files. Those extras will be
+	 * trimmed at #3.
+	 *
+	 * Suppose the pathspec is 'foo' and '../bar' running from
+	 * subdir 'xyz'. The common prefix at #1 will be empty, thanks
+	 * to "../". We may have xyz/foo _and_ XYZ/foo after #2. The
+	 * user does not want XYZ/foo, only the "foo" part should be
+	 * case-insensitive. We need to filter out XYZ/foo here. In
+	 * other words, we do not trust the caller on comparing the
+	 * prefix part when :(icase) is involved. We do exact
+	 * comparison ourselves.
+	 *
+	 * Normally the caller (common_prefix_len() in fact) does
+	 * _exact_ matching on name[-prefix+1..-1] and we do not need
+	 * to check that part. Be defensive and check it anyway, in
+	 * case common_prefix_len is changed, or a new caller is
+	 * introduced that does not use common_prefix_len.
+	 *
+	 * If the penalty turns out too high when prefix is really
+	 * long, maybe change it to
+	 * strncmp(match, name, item->prefix - prefix)
+	 */
+	if (item->prefix && (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE) &&
+	    strncmp(item->match, name - prefix, item->prefix))
+		return 0;
+
 	/* If the match was just the prefix, we matched */
 	if (!*match)
 		return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 
-	if (matchlen <= namelen && !strncmp(match, name, matchlen)) {
+	if (matchlen <= namelen && !ps_strncmp(item, match, name, matchlen)) {
 		if (matchlen == namelen)
 			return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
 
 		if (match[matchlen-1] == '/' || name[matchlen] == '/')
 			return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
-	}
+	} else if ((flags & DO_MATCH_DIRECTORY) &&
+		   match[matchlen - 1] == '/' &&
+		   namelen == matchlen - 1 &&
+		   !ps_strncmp(item, match, name, namelen))
+		return MATCHED_EXACTLY;
 
-	if (item->use_wildcard && !fnmatch(match, name, 0))
+	if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len &&
+	    !git_fnmatch(item, match, name,
+			 item->nowildcard_len - prefix))
 		return MATCHED_FNMATCH;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
- * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, see if the name matches
- * any of the pathspecs.  The caller is also interested in seeing
- * all pathspec matches some names it calls this function with
- * (otherwise the user could have mistyped the unmatched pathspec),
- * and a mark is left in seen[] array for pathspec element that
- * actually matched anything.
+ * Given a name and a list of pathspecs, returns the nature of the
+ * closest (i.e. most specific) match of the name to any of the
+ * pathspecs.
+ *
+ * The caller typically calls this multiple times with the same
+ * pathspec and seen[] array but with different name/namelen
+ * (e.g. entries from the index) and is interested in seeing if and
+ * how each pathspec matches all the names it calls this function
+ * with.  A mark is left in the seen[] array for each pathspec element
+ * indicating the closest type of match that element achieved, so if
+ * seen[n] remains zero after multiple invocations, that means the nth
+ * pathspec did not match any names, which could indicate that the
+ * user mistyped the nth pathspec.
  */
-int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
-			 const char *name, int namelen,
-			 int prefix, char *seen)
+static int do_match_pathspec(const struct pathspec *ps,
+			     const char *name, int namelen,
+			     int prefix, char *seen,
+			     unsigned flags)
 {
-	int i, retval = 0;
+	int i, retval = 0, exclude = flags & DO_MATCH_EXCLUDE;
+
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+		       PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE);
 
 	if (!ps->nr) {
-		if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+		if (!ps->recursive ||
+		    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+		    ps->max_depth == -1)
 			return MATCHED_RECURSIVELY;
 
 		if (within_depth(name, namelen, 0, ps->max_depth))
@@ -272,10 +324,24 @@ int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
 
 	for (i = ps->nr - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 		int how;
+
+		if ((!exclude &&   ps->items[i].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE) ||
+		    ( exclude && !(ps->items[i].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)))
+			continue;
+
 		if (seen && seen[i] == MATCHED_EXACTLY)
 			continue;
-		how = match_pathspec_item(ps->items+i, prefix, name, namelen);
-		if (ps->recursive && ps->max_depth != -1 &&
+		/*
+		 * Make exclude patterns optional and never report
+		 * "pathspec ':(exclude)foo' matches no files"
+		 */
+		if (seen && ps->items[i].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)
+			seen[i] = MATCHED_FNMATCH;
+		how = match_pathspec_item(ps->items+i, prefix, name,
+					  namelen, flags);
+		if (ps->recursive &&
+		    (ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) &&
+		    ps->max_depth != -1 &&
 		    how && how != MATCHED_FNMATCH) {
 			int len = ps->items[i].len;
 			if (name[len] == '/')
@@ -295,50 +361,152 @@ int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *ps,
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static int no_wildcard(const char *string)
+int match_pathspec(const struct pathspec *ps,
+		   const char *name, int namelen,
+		   int prefix, char *seen, int is_dir)
+{
+	int positive, negative;
+	unsigned flags = is_dir ? DO_MATCH_DIRECTORY : 0;
+	positive = do_match_pathspec(ps, name, namelen,
+				     prefix, seen, flags);
+	if (!(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE) || !positive)
+		return positive;
+	negative = do_match_pathspec(ps, name, namelen,
+				     prefix, seen,
+				     flags | DO_MATCH_EXCLUDE);
+	return negative ? 0 : positive;
+}
+
+int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched,
+		      const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		      const char *prefix)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Make sure all pathspec matched; otherwise it is an error.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int num, errors = 0;
+	for (num = 0; num < pathspec->nr; num++) {
+		int other, found_dup;
+
+		if (ps_matched[num])
+			continue;
+		/*
+		 * The caller might have fed identical pathspec
+		 * twice.  Do not barf on such a mistake.
+		 * FIXME: parse_pathspec should have eliminated
+		 * duplicate pathspec.
+		 */
+		for (found_dup = other = 0;
+		     !found_dup && other < pathspec->nr;
+		     other++) {
+			if (other == num || !ps_matched[other])
+				continue;
+			if (!strcmp(pathspec->items[other].original,
+				    pathspec->items[num].original))
+				/*
+				 * Ok, we have a match already.
+				 */
+				found_dup = 1;
+		}
+		if (found_dup)
+			continue;
+
+		error("pathspec '%s' did not match any file(s) known to git.",
+		      pathspec->items[num].original);
+		errors++;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return errors;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the length of the "simple" part of a path match limiter.
+ */
+int simple_length(const char *match)
 {
-	return string[strcspn(string, "*?[{\\")] == '\0';
+	int len = -1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		unsigned char c = *match++;
+		len++;
+		if (c == '\0' || is_glob_special(c))
+			return len;
+	}
+}
+
+int no_wildcard(const char *string)
+{
+	return string[simple_length(string)] == '\0';
+}
+
+void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **pattern,
+			   int *patternlen,
+			   int *flags,
+			   int *nowildcardlen)
+{
+	const char *p = *pattern;
+	size_t i, len;
+
+	*flags = 0;
+	if (*p == '!') {
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE;
+		p++;
+	}
+	len = strlen(p);
+	if (len && p[len - 1] == '/') {
+		len--;
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		if (p[i] == '/')
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == len)
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
+	*nowildcardlen = simple_length(p);
+	/*
+	 * we should have excluded the trailing slash from 'p' too,
+	 * but that's one more allocation. Instead just make sure
+	 * nowildcardlen does not exceed real patternlen
+	 */
+	if (*nowildcardlen > len)
+		*nowildcardlen = len;
+	if (*p == '*' && no_wildcard(p + 1))
+		*flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
+	*pattern = p;
+	*patternlen = len;
 }
 
 void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
-		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *which)
+		 int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos)
 {
 	struct exclude *x;
-	size_t len;
-	int to_exclude = 1;
-	int flags = 0;
+	int patternlen;
+	int flags;
+	int nowildcardlen;
 
-	if (*string == '!') {
-		to_exclude = 0;
-		string++;
-	}
-	len = strlen(string);
-	if (len && string[len - 1] == '/') {
+	parse_exclude_pattern(&string, &patternlen, &flags, &nowildcardlen);
+	if (flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
 		char *s;
-		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x) + len);
+		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x) + patternlen + 1);
 		s = (char *)(x+1);
-		memcpy(s, string, len - 1);
-		s[len - 1] = '\0';
-		string = s;
+		memcpy(s, string, patternlen);
+		s[patternlen] = '\0';
 		x->pattern = s;
-		flags = EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR;
 	} else {
 		x = xmalloc(sizeof(*x));
 		x->pattern = string;
 	}
-	x->to_exclude = to_exclude;
-	x->patternlen = strlen(string);
+	x->patternlen = patternlen;
+	x->nowildcardlen = nowildcardlen;
 	x->base = base;
 	x->baselen = baselen;
 	x->flags = flags;
-	if (!strchr(string, '/'))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_NODIR;
-	if (no_wildcard(string))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD;
-	if (*string == '*' && no_wildcard(string+1))
-		x->flags |= EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH;
-	ALLOC_GROW(which->excludes, which->nr + 1, which->alloc);
-	which->excludes[which->nr++] = x;
+	x->srcpos = srcpos;
+	ALLOC_GROW(el->excludes, el->nr + 1, el->alloc);
+	el->excludes[el->nr++] = x;
+	x->el = el;
 }
 
 static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size)
@@ -347,15 +515,14 @@ static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size)
 	unsigned long sz;
 	enum object_type type;
 	void *data;
-	struct index_state *istate = &the_index;
 
 	len = strlen(path);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	pos = cache_name_pos(path, len);
 	if (pos < 0)
 		return NULL;
-	if (!ce_skip_worktree(istate->cache[pos]))
+	if (!ce_skip_worktree(active_cache[pos]))
 		return NULL;
-	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	data = read_sha1_file(active_cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
 	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(data);
 		return NULL;
@@ -364,32 +531,62 @@ static void *read_skip_worktree_file_from_index(const char *path, size_t *size)
 	return data;
 }
 
-void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el)
+/*
+ * Frees memory within el which was allocated for exclude patterns and
+ * the file buffer.  Does not free el itself.
+ */
+void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < el->nr; i++)
 		free(el->excludes[i]);
 	free(el->excludes);
+	free(el->filebuf);
 
 	el->nr = 0;
 	el->excludes = NULL;
+	el->filebuf = NULL;
+}
+
+static void trim_trailing_spaces(char *buf)
+{
+	char *p, *last_space = NULL;
+
+	for (p = buf; *p; p++)
+		switch (*p) {
+		case ' ':
+			if (!last_space)
+				last_space = p;
+			break;
+		case '\\':
+			p++;
+			if (!*p)
+				return;
+			/* fallthrough */
+		default:
+			last_space = NULL;
+		}
+
+	if (last_space)
+		*last_space = '\0';
 }
 
 int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
 				   const char *base,
 				   int baselen,
-				   char **buf_p,
-				   struct exclude_list *which,
+				   struct exclude_list *el,
 				   int check_index)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	int fd, i;
+	int fd, i, lineno = 1;
 	size_t size = 0;
 	char *buf, *entry;
 
 	fd = open(fname, O_RDONLY);
 	if (fd < 0 || fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			warn_on_inaccessible(fname);
 		if (0 <= fd)
 			close(fd);
 		if (!check_index ||
@@ -403,8 +600,7 @@ int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
 			buf = xrealloc(buf, size+1);
 			buf[size++] = '\n';
 		}
-	}
-	else {
+	} else {
 		size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
 		if (size == 0) {
 			close(fd);
@@ -420,62 +616,266 @@ int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname,
 		close(fd);
 	}
 
-	if (buf_p)
-		*buf_p = buf;
+	el->filebuf = buf;
 	entry = buf;
 	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
 		if (buf[i] == '\n') {
 			if (entry != buf + i && entry[0] != '#') {
 				buf[i - (i && buf[i-1] == '\r')] = 0;
-				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, which);
+				trim_trailing_spaces(entry);
+				add_exclude(entry, base, baselen, el, lineno);
 			}
+			lineno++;
 			entry = buf + i + 1;
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
+				      int group_type, const char *src)
+{
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+
+	group = &dir->exclude_list_group[group_type];
+	ALLOC_GROW(group->el, group->nr + 1, group->alloc);
+	el = &group->el[group->nr++];
+	memset(el, 0, sizeof(*el));
+	el->src = src;
+	return el;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Used to set up core.excludesfile and .git/info/exclude lists.
+ */
 void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *fname)
 {
-	if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(fname, "", 0, NULL,
-					   &dir->exclude_list[EXC_FILE], 0) < 0)
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	el = add_exclude_list(dir, EXC_FILE, fname);
+	if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(fname, "", 0, el, 0) < 0)
 		die("cannot use %s as an exclude file", fname);
 }
 
+int match_basename(const char *basename, int basenamelen,
+		   const char *pattern, int prefix, int patternlen,
+		   int flags)
+{
+	if (prefix == patternlen) {
+		if (patternlen == basenamelen &&
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern, basename, basenamelen))
+			return 1;
+	} else if (flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
+		/* "*literal" matching against "fooliteral" */
+		if (patternlen - 1 <= basenamelen &&
+		    !strncmp_icase(pattern + 1,
+				   basename + basenamelen - (patternlen - 1),
+				   patternlen - 1))
+			return 1;
+	} else {
+		if (fnmatch_icase_mem(pattern, patternlen,
+				      basename, basenamelen,
+				      0) == 0)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int match_pathname(const char *pathname, int pathlen,
+		   const char *base, int baselen,
+		   const char *pattern, int prefix, int patternlen,
+		   int flags)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	int namelen;
+
+	/*
+	 * match with FNM_PATHNAME; the pattern has base implicitly
+	 * in front of it.
+	 */
+	if (*pattern == '/') {
+		pattern++;
+		patternlen--;
+		prefix--;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * baselen does not count the trailing slash. base[] may or
+	 * may not end with a trailing slash though.
+	 */
+	if (pathlen < baselen + 1 ||
+	    (baselen && pathname[baselen] != '/') ||
+	    strncmp_icase(pathname, base, baselen))
+		return 0;
+
+	namelen = baselen ? pathlen - baselen - 1 : pathlen;
+	name = pathname + pathlen - namelen;
+
+	if (prefix) {
+		/*
+		 * if the non-wildcard part is longer than the
+		 * remaining pathname, surely it cannot match.
+		 */
+		if (prefix > namelen)
+			return 0;
+
+		if (strncmp_icase(pattern, name, prefix))
+			return 0;
+		pattern += prefix;
+		patternlen -= prefix;
+		name    += prefix;
+		namelen -= prefix;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the whole pattern did not have a wildcard,
+		 * then our prefix match is all we need; we
+		 * do not need to call fnmatch at all.
+		 */
+		if (!patternlen && !namelen)
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return fnmatch_icase_mem(pattern, patternlen,
+				 name, namelen,
+				 WM_PATHNAME) == 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan the given exclude list in reverse to see whether pathname
+ * should be ignored.  The first match (i.e. the last on the list), if
+ * any, determines the fate.  Returns the exclude_list element which
+ * matched, or NULL for undecided.
+ */
+static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_list(const char *pathname,
+						       int pathlen,
+						       const char *basename,
+						       int *dtype,
+						       struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!el->nr)
+		return NULL;	/* undefined */
+
+	for (i = el->nr - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
+		struct exclude *x = el->excludes[i];
+		const char *exclude = x->pattern;
+		int prefix = x->nowildcardlen;
+
+		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
+			if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+				*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
+			if (*dtype != DT_DIR)
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
+			if (match_basename(basename,
+					   pathlen - (basename - pathname),
+					   exclude, prefix, x->patternlen,
+					   x->flags))
+				return x;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		assert(x->baselen == 0 || x->base[x->baselen - 1] == '/');
+		if (match_pathname(pathname, pathlen,
+				   x->base, x->baselen ? x->baselen - 1 : 0,
+				   exclude, prefix, x->patternlen, x->flags))
+			return x;
+	}
+	return NULL; /* undecided */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
+ * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
+ */
+int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
+			  int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
+			  struct exclude_list *el)
+{
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype, el);
+	if (exclude)
+		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
+	return -1; /* undecided */
+}
+
+static struct exclude *last_exclude_matching_from_lists(struct dir_struct *dir,
+		const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+		int *dtype_p)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = group->nr - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+			exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_list(
+				pathname, pathlen, basename, dtype_p,
+				&group->el[j]);
+			if (exclude)
+				return exclude;
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Loads the per-directory exclude list for the substring of base
+ * which has a char length of baselen.
+ */
 static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
 {
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
 	struct exclude_list *el;
 	struct exclude_stack *stk = NULL;
 	int current;
 
-	if ((!dir->exclude_per_dir) ||
-	    (baselen + strlen(dir->exclude_per_dir) >= PATH_MAX))
-		return; /* too long a path -- ignore */
+	group = &dir->exclude_list_group[EXC_DIRS];
 
-	/* Pop the ones that are not the prefix of the path being checked. */
-	el = &dir->exclude_list[EXC_DIRS];
+	/*
+	 * Pop the exclude lists from the EXCL_DIRS exclude_list_group
+	 * which originate from directories not in the prefix of the
+	 * path being checked.
+	 */
 	while ((stk = dir->exclude_stack) != NULL) {
 		if (stk->baselen <= baselen &&
-		    !strncmp(dir->basebuf, base, stk->baselen))
+		    !strncmp(dir->basebuf.buf, base, stk->baselen))
 			break;
+		el = &group->el[dir->exclude_stack->exclude_ix];
 		dir->exclude_stack = stk->prev;
-		while (stk->exclude_ix < el->nr)
-			free(el->excludes[--el->nr]);
-		free(stk->filebuf);
+		dir->exclude = NULL;
+		free((char *)el->src); /* see strbuf_detach() below */
+		clear_exclude_list(el);
 		free(stk);
+		group->nr--;
 	}
 
+	/* Skip traversing into sub directories if the parent is excluded */
+	if (dir->exclude)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Lazy initialization. All call sites currently just
+	 * memset(dir, 0, sizeof(*dir)) before use. Changing all of
+	 * them seems lots of work for little benefit.
+	 */
+	if (!dir->basebuf.buf)
+		strbuf_init(&dir->basebuf, PATH_MAX);
+
 	/* Read from the parent directories and push them down. */
 	current = stk ? stk->baselen : -1;
+	strbuf_setlen(&dir->basebuf, current < 0 ? 0 : current);
 	while (current < baselen) {
-		struct exclude_stack *stk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*stk));
 		const char *cp;
 
+		stk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*stk));
 		if (current < 0) {
 			cp = base;
 			current = 0;
-		}
-		else {
+		} else {
 			cp = strchr(base + current + 1, '/');
 			if (!cp)
 				die("oops in prep_exclude");
@@ -483,100 +883,85 @@ static void prep_exclude(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *base, int baselen)
 		}
 		stk->prev = dir->exclude_stack;
 		stk->baselen = cp - base;
-		stk->exclude_ix = el->nr;
-		memcpy(dir->basebuf + current, base + current,
-		       stk->baselen - current);
-		strcpy(dir->basebuf + stk->baselen, dir->exclude_per_dir);
-		add_excludes_from_file_to_list(dir->basebuf,
-					       dir->basebuf, stk->baselen,
-					       &stk->filebuf, el, 1);
-		dir->exclude_stack = stk;
-		current = stk->baselen;
-	}
-	dir->basebuf[baselen] = '\0';
-}
-
-/* Scan the list and let the last match determine the fate.
- * Return 1 for exclude, 0 for include and -1 for undecided.
- */
-int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname,
-		       int pathlen, const char *basename, int *dtype,
-		       struct exclude_list *el)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (el->nr) {
-		for (i = el->nr - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
-			struct exclude *x = el->excludes[i];
-			const char *exclude = x->pattern;
-			int to_exclude = x->to_exclude;
-
-			if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR) {
-				if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
-					*dtype = get_dtype(NULL, pathname, pathlen);
-				if (*dtype != DT_DIR)
-					continue;
+		stk->exclude_ix = group->nr;
+		el = add_exclude_list(dir, EXC_DIRS, NULL);
+		strbuf_add(&dir->basebuf, base + current, stk->baselen - current);
+		assert(stk->baselen == dir->basebuf.len);
+
+		/* Abort if the directory is excluded */
+		if (stk->baselen) {
+			int dt = DT_DIR;
+			dir->basebuf.buf[stk->baselen - 1] = 0;
+			dir->exclude = last_exclude_matching_from_lists(dir,
+				dir->basebuf.buf, stk->baselen - 1,
+				dir->basebuf.buf + current, &dt);
+			dir->basebuf.buf[stk->baselen - 1] = '/';
+			if (dir->exclude &&
+			    dir->exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE)
+				dir->exclude = NULL;
+			if (dir->exclude) {
+				dir->exclude_stack = stk;
+				return;
 			}
+		}
 
-			if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NODIR) {
-				/* match basename */
-				if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD) {
-					if (!strcmp_icase(exclude, basename))
-						return to_exclude;
-				} else if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH) {
-					if (x->patternlen - 1 <= pathlen &&
-					    !strcmp_icase(exclude + 1, pathname + pathlen - x->patternlen + 1))
-						return to_exclude;
-				} else {
-					if (fnmatch_icase(exclude, basename, 0) == 0)
-						return to_exclude;
-				}
-			}
-			else {
-				/* match with FNM_PATHNAME:
-				 * exclude has base (baselen long) implicitly
-				 * in front of it.
-				 */
-				int baselen = x->baselen;
-				if (*exclude == '/')
-					exclude++;
-
-				if (pathlen < baselen ||
-				    (baselen && pathname[baselen-1] != '/') ||
-				    strncmp_icase(pathname, x->base, baselen))
-				    continue;
-
-				if (x->flags & EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD) {
-					if (!strcmp_icase(exclude, pathname + baselen))
-						return to_exclude;
-				} else {
-					if (fnmatch_icase(exclude, pathname+baselen,
-						    FNM_PATHNAME) == 0)
-					    return to_exclude;
-				}
-			}
+		/* Try to read per-directory file */
+		if (dir->exclude_per_dir) {
+			/*
+			 * dir->basebuf gets reused by the traversal, but we
+			 * need fname to remain unchanged to ensure the src
+			 * member of each struct exclude correctly
+			 * back-references its source file.  Other invocations
+			 * of add_exclude_list provide stable strings, so we
+			 * strbuf_detach() and free() here in the caller.
+			 */
+			struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addbuf(&sb, &dir->basebuf);
+			strbuf_addstr(&sb, dir->exclude_per_dir);
+			el->src = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+			add_excludes_from_file_to_list(el->src, el->src,
+						       stk->baselen, el, 1);
 		}
+		dir->exclude_stack = stk;
+		current = stk->baselen;
 	}
-	return -1; /* undecided */
+	strbuf_setlen(&dir->basebuf, baselen);
 }
 
-int excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+/*
+ * Loads the exclude lists for the directory containing pathname, then
+ * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
+ * Returns the exclude_list element which matched, or NULL for
+ * undecided.
+ */
+struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     const char *pathname,
+					     int *dtype_p)
 {
 	int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
-	int st;
 	const char *basename = strrchr(pathname, '/');
 	basename = (basename) ? basename+1 : pathname;
 
 	prep_exclude(dir, pathname, basename-pathname);
-	for (st = EXC_CMDL; st <= EXC_FILE; st++) {
-		switch (excluded_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename,
-					   dtype_p, &dir->exclude_list[st])) {
-		case 0:
-			return 0;
-		case 1:
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
+
+	if (dir->exclude)
+		return dir->exclude;
+
+	return last_exclude_matching_from_lists(dir, pathname, pathlen,
+			basename, dtype_p);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Loads the exclude lists for the directory containing pathname, then
+ * scans all exclude lists to determine whether pathname is excluded.
+ * Returns 1 if true, otherwise 0.
+ */
+int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
+{
+	struct exclude *exclude =
+		last_exclude_matching(dir, pathname, dtype_p);
+	if (exclude)
+		return exclude->flags & EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -593,7 +978,7 @@ static struct dir_entry *dir_entry_new(const char *pathname, int len)
 
 static struct dir_entry *dir_add_name(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len)
 {
-	if (cache_name_exists(pathname, len, ignore_case))
+	if (cache_file_exists(pathname, len, ignore_case))
 		return NULL;
 
 	ALLOC_GROW(dir->entries, dir->nr+1, dir->alloc);
@@ -616,13 +1001,13 @@ enum exist_status {
 };
 
 /*
- * Do not use the alphabetically stored index to look up
+ * Do not use the alphabetically sorted index to look up
  * the directory name; instead, use the case insensitive
- * name hash.
+ * directory hash.
  */
 static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index_icase(const char *dirname, int len)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce = index_name_exists(&the_index, dirname, len + 1, ignore_case);
+	const struct cache_entry *ce = cache_dir_exists(dirname, len);
 	unsigned char endchar;
 
 	if (!ce)
@@ -666,7 +1051,7 @@ static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index(const char *dirname, int len)
 	if (pos < 0)
 		pos = -pos-1;
 	while (pos < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[pos++];
 		unsigned char endchar;
 
 		if (strncmp(ce->name, dirname, len))
@@ -708,32 +1093,24 @@ static enum exist_status directory_exists_in_index(const char *dirname, int len)
  *
  *  (a) if "show_other_directories" is true, we show it as
  *      just a directory, unless "hide_empty_directories" is
- *      also true and the directory is empty, in which case
- *      we just ignore it entirely.
+ *      also true, in which case we need to check if it contains any
+ *      untracked and / or ignored files.
  *  (b) if it looks like a git directory, and we don't have
  *      'no_gitlinks' set we treat it as a gitlink, and show it
  *      as a directory.
  *  (c) otherwise, we recurse into it.
  */
-enum directory_treatment {
-	show_directory,
-	ignore_directory,
-	recurse_into_directory
-};
-
-static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
-	const char *dirname, int len,
+static enum path_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
+	const char *dirname, int len, int exclude,
 	const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
 	/* The "len-1" is to strip the final '/' */
 	switch (directory_exists_in_index(dirname, len-1)) {
 	case index_directory:
-		return recurse_into_directory;
+		return path_recurse;
 
 	case index_gitdir:
-		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
-			return ignore_directory;
-		return show_directory;
+		return path_none;
 
 	case index_nonexistent:
 		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES)
@@ -741,17 +1118,17 @@ static enum directory_treatment treat_directory(struct dir_struct *dir,
 		if (!(dir->flags & DIR_NO_GITLINKS)) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			if (resolve_gitlink_ref(dirname, "HEAD", sha1) == 0)
-				return show_directory;
+				return path_untracked;
 		}
-		return recurse_into_directory;
+		return path_recurse;
 	}
 
 	/* This is the "show_other_directories" case */
+
 	if (!(dir->flags & DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES))
-		return show_directory;
-	if (!read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify))
-		return ignore_directory;
-	return show_directory;
+		return exclude ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
+
+	return read_directory_recursive(dir, dirname, len, 1, simplify);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -810,9 +1187,9 @@ static int exclude_matches_pathspec(const char *path, int len,
 static int get_index_dtype(const char *path, int len)
 {
 	int pos;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
-	ce = cache_name_exists(path, len, 0);
+	ce = cache_file_exists(path, len, 0);
 	if (ce) {
 		if (!ce_uptodate(ce))
 			return DT_UNKNOWN;
@@ -866,90 +1243,84 @@ static int get_dtype(struct dirent *de, const char *path, int len)
 	return dtype;
 }
 
-enum path_treatment {
-	path_ignored,
-	path_handled,
-	path_recurse
-};
-
 static enum path_treatment treat_one_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
-					  char *path, int *len,
+					  struct strbuf *path,
 					  const struct path_simplify *simplify,
 					  int dtype, struct dirent *de)
 {
-	int exclude = excluded(dir, path, &dtype);
-	if (exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED)
-	    && exclude_matches_pathspec(path, *len, simplify))
-		dir_add_ignored(dir, path, *len);
+	int exclude;
+	int has_path_in_index = !!cache_file_exists(path->buf, path->len, ignore_case);
+
+	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+		dtype = get_dtype(de, path->buf, path->len);
+
+	/* Always exclude indexed files */
+	if (dtype != DT_DIR && has_path_in_index)
+		return path_none;
 
 	/*
-	 * Excluded? If we don't explicitly want to show
-	 * ignored files, ignore it
+	 * When we are looking at a directory P in the working tree,
+	 * there are three cases:
+	 *
+	 * (1) P exists in the index.  Everything inside the directory P in
+	 * the working tree needs to go when P is checked out from the
+	 * index.
+	 *
+	 * (2) P does not exist in the index, but there is P/Q in the index.
+	 * We know P will stay a directory when we check out the contents
+	 * of the index, but we do not know yet if there is a directory
+	 * P/Q in the working tree to be killed, so we need to recurse.
+	 *
+	 * (3) P does not exist in the index, and there is no P/Q in the index
+	 * to require P to be a directory, either.  Only in this case, we
+	 * know that everything inside P will not be killed without
+	 * recursing.
 	 */
-	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-		return path_ignored;
+	if ((dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY) &&
+	    (dtype == DT_DIR) &&
+	    !has_path_in_index &&
+	    (directory_exists_in_index(path->buf, path->len) == index_nonexistent))
+		return path_none;
 
-	if (dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
-		dtype = get_dtype(de, path, *len);
+	exclude = is_excluded(dir, path->buf, &dtype);
 
 	/*
-	 * Do we want to see just the ignored files?
-	 * We still need to recurse into directories,
-	 * even if we don't ignore them, since the
-	 * directory may contain files that we do..
+	 * Excluded? If we don't explicitly want to show
+	 * ignored files, ignore it
 	 */
-	if (!exclude && (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)) {
-		if (dtype != DT_DIR)
-			return path_ignored;
-	}
+	if (exclude && !(dir->flags & (DIR_SHOW_IGNORED|DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO)))
+		return path_excluded;
 
 	switch (dtype) {
 	default:
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
 	case DT_DIR:
-		memcpy(path + *len, "/", 2);
-		(*len)++;
-		switch (treat_directory(dir, path, *len, simplify)) {
-		case show_directory:
-			if (exclude != !!(dir->flags
-					  & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
-				return path_ignored;
-			break;
-		case recurse_into_directory:
-			return path_recurse;
-		case ignore_directory:
-			return path_ignored;
-		}
-		break;
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+		return treat_directory(dir, path->buf, path->len, exclude,
+			simplify);
 	case DT_REG:
 	case DT_LNK:
-		break;
+		return exclude ? path_excluded : path_untracked;
 	}
-	return path_handled;
 }
 
 static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				      struct dirent *de,
-				      char *path, int path_max,
+				      struct strbuf *path,
 				      int baselen,
-				      const struct path_simplify *simplify,
-				      int *len)
+				      const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
 	int dtype;
 
 	if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name) || !strcmp(de->d_name, ".git"))
-		return path_ignored;
-	*len = strlen(de->d_name);
-	/* Ignore overly long pathnames! */
-	if (*len + baselen + 8 > path_max)
-		return path_ignored;
-	memcpy(path + baselen, de->d_name, *len + 1);
-	*len += baselen;
-	if (simplify_away(path, *len, simplify))
-		return path_ignored;
+		return path_none;
+	strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+	strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
+	if (simplify_away(path->buf, path->len, simplify))
+		return path_none;
 
 	dtype = DTYPE(de);
-	return treat_one_path(dir, path, len, simplify, dtype, de);
+	return treat_one_path(dir, path, simplify, dtype, de);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -960,44 +1331,73 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
  *
  * Also, we ignore the name ".git" (even if it is not a directory).
  * That likely will not change.
+ *
+ * Returns the most significant path_treatment value encountered in the scan.
  */
-static int read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
+static enum path_treatment read_directory_recursive(struct dir_struct *dir,
 				    const char *base, int baselen,
 				    int check_only,
 				    const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
-	DIR *fdir = opendir(*base ? base : ".");
-	int contents = 0;
+	DIR *fdir;
+	enum path_treatment state, subdir_state, dir_state = path_none;
 	struct dirent *de;
-	char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (!fdir)
-		return 0;
+	strbuf_add(&path, base, baselen);
 
-	memcpy(path, base, baselen);
+	fdir = opendir(path.len ? path.buf : ".");
+	if (!fdir)
+		goto out;
 
 	while ((de = readdir(fdir)) != NULL) {
-		int len;
-		switch (treat_path(dir, de, path, sizeof(path),
-				   baselen, simplify, &len)) {
-		case path_recurse:
-			contents += read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
-			continue;
-		case path_ignored:
+		/* check how the file or directory should be treated */
+		state = treat_path(dir, de, &path, baselen, simplify);
+		if (state > dir_state)
+			dir_state = state;
+
+		/* recurse into subdir if instructed by treat_path */
+		if (state == path_recurse) {
+			subdir_state = read_directory_recursive(dir, path.buf,
+				path.len, check_only, simplify);
+			if (subdir_state > dir_state)
+				dir_state = subdir_state;
+		}
+
+		if (check_only) {
+			/* abort early if maximum state has been reached */
+			if (dir_state == path_untracked)
+				break;
+			/* skip the dir_add_* part */
 			continue;
-		case path_handled:
+		}
+
+		/* add the path to the appropriate result list */
+		switch (state) {
+		case path_excluded:
+			if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)
+				dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			else if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO) ||
+				((dir->flags & DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED) &&
+				exclude_matches_pathspec(path.buf, path.len,
+					simplify)))
+				dir_add_ignored(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			break;
+
+		case path_untracked:
+			if (!(dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED))
+				dir_add_name(dir, path.buf, path.len);
+			break;
+
+		default:
 			break;
 		}
-		contents++;
-		if (check_only)
-			goto exit_early;
-		else
-			dir_add_name(dir, path, len);
 	}
-exit_early:
 	closedir(fdir);
+ out:
+	strbuf_release(&path);
 
-	return contents;
+	return dir_state;
 }
 
 static int cmp_name(const void *p1, const void *p2)
@@ -1005,23 +1405,7 @@ static int cmp_name(const void *p1, const void *p2)
 	const struct dir_entry *e1 = *(const struct dir_entry **)p1;
 	const struct dir_entry *e2 = *(const struct dir_entry **)p2;
 
-	return cache_name_compare(e1->name, e1->len,
-				  e2->name, e2->len);
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the length of the "simple" part of a path match limiter.
- */
-static int simple_length(const char *match)
-{
-	int len = -1;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		unsigned char c = *match++;
-		len++;
-		if (c == '\0' || is_glob_special(c))
-			return len;
-	}
+	return name_compare(e1->name, e1->len, e2->name, e2->len);
 }
 
 static struct path_simplify *create_simplify(const char **pathspec)
@@ -1034,10 +1418,7 @@ static struct path_simplify *create_simplify(const char **pathspec)
 
 	for (nr = 0 ; ; nr++) {
 		const char *match;
-		if (nr >= alloc) {
-			alloc = alloc_nr(alloc);
-			simplify = xrealloc(simplify, alloc * sizeof(*simplify));
-		}
+		ALLOC_GROW(simplify, nr + 1, alloc);
 		match = *pathspec++;
 		if (!match)
 			break;
@@ -1058,15 +1439,17 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 			      const char *path, int len,
 			      const struct path_simplify *simplify)
 {
-	char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
-	int baselen, blen;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int baselen, rc = 0;
 	const char *cp;
+	int old_flags = dir->flags;
 
 	while (len && path[len - 1] == '/')
 		len--;
 	if (!len)
 		return 1;
 	baselen = 0;
+	dir->flags &= ~DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
 	while (1) {
 		cp = path + baselen + !!baselen;
 		cp = memchr(cp, '/', path + len - cp);
@@ -1074,29 +1457,51 @@ static int treat_leading_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 			baselen = len;
 		else
 			baselen = cp - path;
-		memcpy(pathbuf, path, baselen);
-		pathbuf[baselen] = '\0';
-		if (!is_directory(pathbuf))
-			return 0;
-		if (simplify_away(pathbuf, baselen, simplify))
-			return 0;
-		blen = baselen;
-		if (treat_one_path(dir, pathbuf, &blen, simplify,
-				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_ignored)
-			return 0; /* do not recurse into it */
-		if (len <= baselen)
-			return 1; /* finished checking */
+		strbuf_setlen(&sb, 0);
+		strbuf_add(&sb, path, baselen);
+		if (!is_directory(sb.buf))
+			break;
+		if (simplify_away(sb.buf, sb.len, simplify))
+			break;
+		if (treat_one_path(dir, &sb, simplify,
+				   DT_DIR, NULL) == path_none)
+			break; /* do not recurse into it */
+		if (len <= baselen) {
+			rc = 1;
+			break; /* finished checking */
+		}
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	dir->flags = old_flags;
+	return rc;
 }
 
-int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec)
+int read_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *path, int len, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	struct path_simplify *simplify;
 
+	/*
+	 * Check out create_simplify()
+	 */
+	if (pathspec)
+		GUARD_PATHSPEC(pathspec,
+			       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+			       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+			       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+			       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+			       PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+			       PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE);
+
 	if (has_symlink_leading_path(path, len))
 		return dir->nr;
 
-	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec);
+	/*
+	 * exclude patterns are treated like positive ones in
+	 * create_simplify. Usually exclude patterns should be a
+	 * subset of positive ones, which has no impacts on
+	 * create_simplify().
+	 */
+	simplify = create_simplify(pathspec ? pathspec->_raw : NULL);
 	if (!len || treat_leading_path(dir, path, len, simplify))
 		read_directory_recursive(dir, path, len, 0, simplify);
 	free_simplify(simplify);
@@ -1145,12 +1550,16 @@ int dir_inside_of(const char *subdir, const char *dir)
 
 int is_inside_dir(const char *dir)
 {
-	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
+	char *cwd;
+	int rc;
+
 	if (!dir)
 		return 0;
-	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)))
-		die_errno("can't find the current directory");
-	return dir_inside_of(cwd, dir) >= 0;
+
+	cwd = xgetcwd();
+	rc = (dir_inside_of(cwd, dir) >= 0);
+	free(cwd);
+	return rc;
 }
 
 int is_empty_dir(const char *path)
@@ -1172,22 +1581,37 @@ int is_empty_dir(const char *path)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag)
+static int remove_dir_recurse(struct strbuf *path, int flag, int *kept_up)
 {
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *e;
-	int ret = 0, original_len = path->len, len;
+	int ret = 0, original_len = path->len, len, kept_down = 0;
 	int only_empty = (flag & REMOVE_DIR_EMPTY_ONLY);
+	int keep_toplevel = (flag & REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_TOPLEVEL);
 	unsigned char submodule_head[20];
 
 	if ((flag & REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT) &&
-	    !resolve_gitlink_ref(path->buf, "HEAD", submodule_head))
+	    !resolve_gitlink_ref(path->buf, "HEAD", submodule_head)) {
 		/* Do not descend and nuke a nested git work tree. */
+		if (kept_up)
+			*kept_up = 1;
 		return 0;
+	}
 
+	flag &= ~REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_TOPLEVEL;
 	dir = opendir(path->buf);
-	if (!dir)
-		return rmdir(path->buf);
+	if (!dir) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return keep_toplevel ? -1 : 0;
+		else if (errno == EACCES && !keep_toplevel)
+			/*
+			 * An empty dir could be removable even if it
+			 * is unreadable:
+			 */
+			return rmdir(path->buf);
+		else
+			return -1;
+	}
 	if (path->buf[original_len - 1] != '/')
 		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
 
@@ -1199,13 +1623,21 @@ int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag)
 
 		strbuf_setlen(path, len);
 		strbuf_addstr(path, e->d_name);
-		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
-			; /* fall thru */
-		else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-			if (!remove_dir_recursively(path, only_empty))
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st)) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				/*
+				 * file disappeared, which is what we
+				 * wanted anyway
+				 */
+				continue;
+			/* fall thru */
+		} else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			if (!remove_dir_recurse(path, flag, &kept_down))
 				continue; /* happy */
-		} else if (!only_empty && !unlink(path->buf))
+		} else if (!only_empty &&
+			   (!unlink(path->buf) || errno == ENOENT)) {
 			continue; /* happy, too */
+		}
 
 		/* path too long, stat fails, or non-directory still exists */
 		ret = -1;
@@ -1214,20 +1646,36 @@ int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag)
 	closedir(dir);
 
 	strbuf_setlen(path, original_len);
-	if (!ret)
-		ret = rmdir(path->buf);
+	if (!ret && !keep_toplevel && !kept_down)
+		ret = (!rmdir(path->buf) || errno == ENOENT) ? 0 : -1;
+	else if (kept_up)
+		/*
+		 * report the uplevel that it is not an error that we
+		 * did not rmdir() our directory.
+		 */
+		*kept_up = !ret;
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag)
+{
+	return remove_dir_recurse(path, flag, NULL);
+}
+
 void setup_standard_excludes(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
 	const char *path;
+	char *xdg_path;
 
 	dir->exclude_per_dir = ".gitignore";
 	path = git_path("info/exclude");
-	if (!access(path, R_OK))
+	if (!excludes_file) {
+		home_config_paths(NULL, &xdg_path, "ignore");
+		excludes_file = xdg_path;
+	}
+	if (!access_or_warn(path, R_OK, 0))
 		add_excludes_from_file(dir, path);
-	if (excludes_file && !access(excludes_file, R_OK))
+	if (excludes_file && !access_or_warn(excludes_file, R_OK, 0))
 		add_excludes_from_file(dir, excludes_file);
 }
 
@@ -1235,7 +1683,7 @@ int remove_path(const char *name)
 {
 	char *slash;
 
-	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT)
+	if (unlink(name) && errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
 		return -1;
 
 	slash = strrchr(name, '/');
@@ -1250,50 +1698,33 @@ int remove_path(const char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int pathspec_item_cmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
-{
-	struct pathspec_item *a, *b;
-
-	a = (struct pathspec_item *)a_;
-	b = (struct pathspec_item *)b_;
-	return strcmp(a->match, b->match);
-}
-
-int init_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec, const char **paths)
+/*
+ * Frees memory within dir which was allocated for exclude lists and
+ * the exclude_stack.  Does not free dir itself.
+ */
+void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir)
 {
-	const char **p = paths;
-	int i;
-
-	memset(pathspec, 0, sizeof(*pathspec));
-	if (!p)
-		return 0;
-	while (*p)
-		p++;
-	pathspec->raw = paths;
-	pathspec->nr = p - paths;
-	if (!pathspec->nr)
-		return 0;
-
-	pathspec->items = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pathspec_item)*pathspec->nr);
-	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++) {
-		struct pathspec_item *item = pathspec->items+i;
-		const char *path = paths[i];
-
-		item->match = path;
-		item->len = strlen(path);
-		item->use_wildcard = !no_wildcard(path);
-		if (item->use_wildcard)
-			pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
+	int i, j;
+	struct exclude_list_group *group;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+	struct exclude_stack *stk;
+
+	for (i = EXC_CMDL; i <= EXC_FILE; i++) {
+		group = &dir->exclude_list_group[i];
+		for (j = 0; j < group->nr; j++) {
+			el = &group->el[j];
+			if (i == EXC_DIRS)
+				free((char *)el->src);
+			clear_exclude_list(el);
+		}
+		free(group->el);
 	}
 
-	qsort(pathspec->items, pathspec->nr,
-	      sizeof(struct pathspec_item), pathspec_item_cmp);
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec)
-{
-	free(pathspec->items);
-	pathspec->items = NULL;
+	stk = dir->exclude_stack;
+	while (stk) {
+		struct exclude_stack *prev = stk->prev;
+		free(stk);
+		stk = prev;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&dir->basebuf);
 }
diff --git a/dir.h b/dir.h
index dd6947e1d4..72b73c65dc 100644
--- a/dir.h
+++ b/dir.h
@@ -1,34 +1,76 @@
 #ifndef DIR_H
 #define DIR_H
 
+/* See Documentation/technical/api-directory-listing.txt */
+
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
 struct dir_entry {
 	unsigned int len;
 	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
 };
 
 #define EXC_FLAG_NODIR 1
-#define EXC_FLAG_NOWILDCARD 2
 #define EXC_FLAG_ENDSWITH 4
 #define EXC_FLAG_MUSTBEDIR 8
+#define EXC_FLAG_NEGATIVE 16
+
+struct exclude {
+	/*
+	 * This allows callers of last_exclude_matching() etc.
+	 * to determine the origin of the matching pattern.
+	 */
+	struct exclude_list *el;
+
+	const char *pattern;
+	int patternlen;
+	int nowildcardlen;
+	const char *base;
+	int baselen;
+	int flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * Counting starts from 1 for line numbers in ignore files,
+	 * and from -1 decrementing for patterns from CLI args.
+	 */
+	int srcpos;
+};
 
+/*
+ * Each excludes file will be parsed into a fresh exclude_list which
+ * is appended to the relevant exclude_list_group (either EXC_DIRS or
+ * EXC_FILE).  An exclude_list within the EXC_CMDL exclude_list_group
+ * can also be used to represent the list of --exclude values passed
+ * via CLI args.
+ */
 struct exclude_list {
 	int nr;
 	int alloc;
-	struct exclude {
-		const char *pattern;
-		int patternlen;
-		const char *base;
-		int baselen;
-		int to_exclude;
-		int flags;
-	} **excludes;
+
+	/* remember pointer to exclude file contents so we can free() */
+	char *filebuf;
+
+	/* origin of list, e.g. path to filename, or descriptive string */
+	const char *src;
+
+	struct exclude **excludes;
 };
 
+/*
+ * The contents of the per-directory exclude files are lazily read on
+ * demand and then cached in memory, one per exclude_stack struct, in
+ * order to avoid opening and parsing each one every time that
+ * directory is traversed.
+ */
 struct exclude_stack {
-	struct exclude_stack *prev;
-	char *filebuf;
+	struct exclude_stack *prev; /* the struct exclude_stack for the parent directory */
 	int baselen;
-	int exclude_ix;
+	int exclude_ix; /* index of exclude_list within EXC_DIRS exclude_list_group */
+};
+
+struct exclude_list_group {
+	int nr, alloc;
+	struct exclude_list *el;
 };
 
 struct dir_struct {
@@ -39,51 +81,97 @@ struct dir_struct {
 		DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES = 1<<1,
 		DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES = 1<<2,
 		DIR_NO_GITLINKS = 1<<3,
-		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4
+		DIR_COLLECT_IGNORED = 1<<4,
+		DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO = 1<<5,
+		DIR_COLLECT_KILLED_ONLY = 1<<6
 	} flags;
 	struct dir_entry **entries;
 	struct dir_entry **ignored;
 
 	/* Exclude info */
 	const char *exclude_per_dir;
-	struct exclude_list exclude_list[3];
+
 	/*
-	 * We maintain three exclude pattern lists:
+	 * We maintain three groups of exclude pattern lists:
+	 *
 	 * EXC_CMDL lists patterns explicitly given on the command line.
 	 * EXC_DIRS lists patterns obtained from per-directory ignore files.
-	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files.
+	 * EXC_FILE lists patterns from fallback ignore files, e.g.
+	 *   - .git/info/exclude
+	 *   - core.excludesfile
+	 *
+	 * Each group contains multiple exclude lists, a single list
+	 * per source.
 	 */
 #define EXC_CMDL 0
 #define EXC_DIRS 1
 #define EXC_FILE 2
+	struct exclude_list_group exclude_list_group[3];
 
+	/*
+	 * Temporary variables which are used during loading of the
+	 * per-directory exclude lists.
+	 *
+	 * exclude_stack points to the top of the exclude_stack, and
+	 * basebuf contains the full path to the current
+	 * (sub)directory in the traversal. Exclude points to the
+	 * matching exclude struct if the directory is excluded.
+	 */
 	struct exclude_stack *exclude_stack;
-	char basebuf[PATH_MAX];
+	struct exclude *exclude;
+	struct strbuf basebuf;
 };
 
+/*
+ * The ordering of these constants is significant, with
+ * higher-numbered match types signifying "closer" (i.e. more
+ * specific) matches which will override lower-numbered match types
+ * when populating the seen[] array.
+ */
 #define MATCHED_RECURSIVELY 1
 #define MATCHED_FNMATCH 2
 #define MATCHED_EXACTLY 3
-extern char *common_prefix(const char **pathspec);
-extern int match_pathspec(const char **pathspec, const char *name, int namelen, int prefix, char *seen);
-extern int match_pathspec_depth(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
-				const char *name, int namelen,
-				int prefix, char *seen);
+extern int simple_length(const char *match);
+extern int no_wildcard(const char *string);
+extern char *common_prefix(const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern int match_pathspec(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			  const char *name, int namelen,
+			  int prefix, char *seen, int is_dir);
+extern int report_path_error(const char *ps_matched, const struct pathspec *pathspec, const char *prefix);
 extern int within_depth(const char *name, int namelen, int depth, int max_depth);
 
-extern int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const char **pathspec);
-extern int read_directory(struct dir_struct *, const char *path, int len, const char **pathspec);
+extern int fill_directory(struct dir_struct *dir, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern int read_directory(struct dir_struct *, const char *path, int len, const struct pathspec *pathspec);
 
-extern int excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
-			      int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
-extern int excluded(struct dir_struct *, const char *, int *);
+extern int is_excluded_from_list(const char *pathname, int pathlen, const char *basename,
+				 int *dtype, struct exclude_list *el);
 struct dir_entry *dir_add_ignored(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *pathname, int len);
+
+/*
+ * these implement the matching logic for dir.c:excluded_from_list and
+ * attr.c:path_matches()
+ */
+extern int match_basename(const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int, int, int);
+extern int match_pathname(const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int,
+			  const char *, int, int, int);
+
+extern struct exclude *last_exclude_matching(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     const char *name, int *dtype);
+
+extern int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, const char *name, int *dtype);
+
+extern struct exclude_list *add_exclude_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
+					     int group_type, const char *src);
 extern int add_excludes_from_file_to_list(const char *fname, const char *base, int baselen,
-					  char **buf_p, struct exclude_list *which, int check_index);
+					  struct exclude_list *el, int check_index);
 extern void add_excludes_from_file(struct dir_struct *, const char *fname);
+extern void parse_exclude_pattern(const char **string, int *patternlen, int *flags, int *nowildcardlen);
 extern void add_exclude(const char *string, const char *base,
-			int baselen, struct exclude_list *which);
-extern void free_excludes(struct exclude_list *el);
+			int baselen, struct exclude_list *el, int srcpos);
+extern void clear_exclude_list(struct exclude_list *el);
+extern void clear_directory(struct dir_struct *dir);
 extern int file_exists(const char *);
 
 extern int is_inside_dir(const char *dir);
@@ -102,6 +190,7 @@ extern void setup_standard_excludes(struct dir_struct *dir);
 
 #define REMOVE_DIR_EMPTY_ONLY 01
 #define REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_NESTED_GIT 02
+#define REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_TOPLEVEL 04
 extern int remove_dir_recursively(struct strbuf *path, int flag);
 
 /* tries to remove the path with empty directories along it, ignores ENOENT */
@@ -111,4 +200,30 @@ extern int strcmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b);
 extern int strncmp_icase(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
 extern int fnmatch_icase(const char *pattern, const char *string, int flags);
 
+/*
+ * The prefix part of pattern must not contains wildcards.
+ */
+struct pathspec_item;
+extern int git_fnmatch(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		       const char *pattern, const char *string,
+		       int prefix);
+
+static inline int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+				char *seen)
+{
+	return match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, seen,
+			      S_ISDIR(ce->ce_mode) || S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode));
+}
+
+static inline int dir_path_match(const struct dir_entry *ent,
+				 const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+				 int prefix, char *seen)
+{
+	int has_trailing_dir = ent->len && ent->name[ent->len - 1] == '/';
+	int len = has_trailing_dir ? ent->len - 1 : ent->len;
+	return match_pathspec(pathspec, ent->name, len, prefix, seen,
+			      has_trailing_dir);
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/editor.c b/editor.c
index d8340031d2..01c644cddb 100644
--- a/editor.c
+++ b/editor.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 #ifndef DEFAULT_EDITOR
 #define DEFAULT_EDITOR "vi"
@@ -36,9 +37,25 @@ int launch_editor(const char *path, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *const *en
 		return error("Terminal is dumb, but EDITOR unset");
 
 	if (strcmp(editor, ":")) {
-		const char *args[] = { editor, path, NULL };
+		const char *args[] = { editor, real_path(path), NULL };
+		struct child_process p = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+		int ret, sig;
 
-		if (run_command_v_opt_cd_env(args, RUN_USING_SHELL, NULL, env))
+		p.argv = args;
+		p.env = env;
+		p.use_shell = 1;
+		if (start_command(&p) < 0)
+			return error("unable to start editor '%s'", editor);
+
+		sigchain_push(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
+		sigchain_push(SIGQUIT, SIG_IGN);
+		ret = finish_command(&p);
+		sig = ret - 128;
+		sigchain_pop(SIGINT);
+		sigchain_pop(SIGQUIT);
+		if (sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGQUIT)
+			raise(sig);
+		if (ret)
 			return error("There was a problem with the editor '%s'.",
 					editor);
 	}
diff --git a/entry.c b/entry.c
index 17a6bccec6..1eda8e9471 100644
--- a/entry.c
+++ b/entry.c
@@ -44,33 +44,33 @@ static void create_directories(const char *path, int path_len,
 	free(buf);
 }
 
-static void remove_subtree(const char *path)
+static void remove_subtree(struct strbuf *path)
 {
-	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path->buf);
 	struct dirent *de;
-	char pathbuf[PATH_MAX];
-	char *name;
+	int origlen = path->len;
 
 	if (!dir)
-		die_errno("cannot opendir '%s'", path);
-	strcpy(pathbuf, path);
-	name = pathbuf + strlen(path);
-	*name++ = '/';
+		die_errno("cannot opendir '%s'", path->buf);
 	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
 		struct stat st;
+
 		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
 			continue;
-		strcpy(name, de->d_name);
-		if (lstat(pathbuf, &st))
-			die_errno("cannot lstat '%s'", pathbuf);
+
+		strbuf_addch(path, '/');
+		strbuf_addstr(path, de->d_name);
+		if (lstat(path->buf, &st))
+			die_errno("cannot lstat '%s'", path->buf);
 		if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
-			remove_subtree(pathbuf);
-		else if (unlink(pathbuf))
-			die_errno("cannot unlink '%s'", pathbuf);
+			remove_subtree(path);
+		else if (unlink(path->buf))
+			die_errno("cannot unlink '%s'", path->buf);
+		strbuf_setlen(path, origlen);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
-	if (rmdir(path))
-		die_errno("cannot rmdir '%s'", path);
+	if (rmdir(path->buf))
+		die_errno("cannot rmdir '%s'", path->buf);
 }
 
 static int create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ static int create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode)
 	return open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, mode);
 }
 
-static void *read_blob_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
+static void *read_blob_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
 {
 	enum object_type type;
 	void *new = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, size);
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ static void *read_blob_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, unsigned long *size)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static int open_output_fd(char *path, struct cache_entry *ce, int to_tempfile)
+static int open_output_fd(char *path, const struct cache_entry *ce, int to_tempfile)
 {
 	int symlink = (ce->ce_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFREG;
 	if (to_tempfile) {
@@ -115,26 +115,29 @@ static int fstat_output(int fd, const struct checkout *state, struct stat *st)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int streaming_write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path,
+static int streaming_write_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce, char *path,
 				 struct stream_filter *filter,
 				 const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile,
 				 int *fstat_done, struct stat *statbuf)
 {
-	int result = -1;
+	int result = 0;
 	int fd;
 
 	fd = open_output_fd(path, ce, to_tempfile);
-	if (0 <= fd) {
-		result = stream_blob_to_fd(fd, ce->sha1, filter, 1);
-		*fstat_done = fstat_output(fd, state, statbuf);
-		result = close(fd);
-	}
-	if (result && 0 <= fd)
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	result |= stream_blob_to_fd(fd, ce->sha1, filter, 1);
+	*fstat_done = fstat_output(fd, state, statbuf);
+	result |= close(fd);
+
+	if (result)
 		unlink(path);
 	return result;
 }
 
-static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile)
+static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+		       char *path, const struct checkout *state, int to_tempfile)
 {
 	unsigned int ce_mode_s_ifmt = ce->ce_mode & S_IFMT;
 	int fd, ret, fstat_done = 0;
@@ -145,7 +148,7 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (ce_mode_s_ifmt == S_IFREG) {
-		struct stream_filter *filter = get_stream_filter(path, ce->sha1);
+		struct stream_filter *filter = get_stream_filter(ce->name, ce->sha1);
 		if (filter &&
 		    !streaming_write_entry(ce, path, filter,
 					   state, to_tempfile,
@@ -197,9 +200,9 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 		break;
 	case S_IFGITLINK:
 		if (to_tempfile)
-			return error("cannot create temporary subproject %s", path);
+			return error("cannot create temporary submodule %s", path);
 		if (mkdir(path, 0777) < 0)
-			return error("cannot create subproject directory %s", path);
+			return error("cannot create submodule directory %s", path);
 		break;
 	default:
 		return error("unknown file mode for %s in index", path);
@@ -207,9 +210,12 @@ static int write_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, char *path, const struct checkout
 
 finish:
 	if (state->refresh_cache) {
+		assert(state->istate);
 		if (!fstat_done)
 			lstat(ce->name, &st);
 		fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+		state->istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -231,26 +237,36 @@ static int check_path(const char *path, int len, struct stat *st, int skiplen)
 	return lstat(path, st);
 }
 
-int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *topath)
+/*
+ * Write the contents from ce out to the working tree.
+ *
+ * When topath[] is not NULL, instead of writing to the working tree
+ * file named by ce, a temporary file is created by this function and
+ * its name is returned in topath[], which must be able to hold at
+ * least TEMPORARY_FILENAME_LENGTH bytes long.
+ */
+int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+		   const struct checkout *state, char *topath)
 {
-	static char path[PATH_MAX + 1];
+	static struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct stat st;
-	int len = state->base_dir_len;
 
 	if (topath)
 		return write_entry(ce, topath, state, 1);
 
-	memcpy(path, state->base_dir, len);
-	strcpy(path + len, ce->name);
-	len += ce_namelen(ce);
+	strbuf_reset(&path);
+	strbuf_add(&path, state->base_dir, state->base_dir_len);
+	strbuf_add(&path, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
 
-	if (!check_path(path, len, &st, state->base_dir_len)) {
+	if (!check_path(path.buf, path.len, &st, state->base_dir_len)) {
 		unsigned changed = ce_match_stat(ce, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 		if (!changed)
 			return 0;
 		if (!state->force) {
 			if (!state->quiet)
-				fprintf(stderr, "%s already exists, no checkout\n", path);
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"%s already exists, no checkout\n",
+					path.buf);
 			return -1;
 		}
 
@@ -265,12 +281,14 @@ int checkout_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, const struct checkout *state, char *t
 			if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
 				return 0;
 			if (!state->force)
-				return error("%s is a directory", path);
-			remove_subtree(path);
-		} else if (unlink(path))
-			return error("unable to unlink old '%s' (%s)", path, strerror(errno));
+				return error("%s is a directory", path.buf);
+			remove_subtree(&path);
+		} else if (unlink(path.buf))
+			return error("unable to unlink old '%s' (%s)",
+				     path.buf, strerror(errno));
 	} else if (state->not_new)
 		return 0;
-	create_directories(path, len, state);
-	return write_entry(ce, path, state, 0);
+
+	create_directories(path.buf, path.len, state);
+	return write_entry(ce, path.buf, state, 0);
 }
diff --git a/environment.c b/environment.c
index c93b8f44df..a40044c3bf 100644
--- a/environment.c
+++ b/environment.c
@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "fmt-merge-msg.h"
+#include "commit.h"
 
-char git_default_email[MAX_GITNAME];
-char git_default_name[MAX_GITNAME];
-int user_ident_explicitly_given;
 int trust_executable_bit = 1;
 int trust_ctime = 1;
+int check_stat = 1;
 int has_symlinks = 1;
 int minimum_abbrev = 4, default_abbrev = 7;
 int ignore_case;
@@ -24,6 +23,8 @@ int prefer_symlink_refs;
 int is_bare_repository_cfg = -1; /* unspecified */
 int log_all_ref_updates = -1; /* unspecified */
 int warn_ambiguous_refs = 1;
+int warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 1;
+int ref_paranoia = -1;
 int repository_format_version;
 const char *git_commit_encoding;
 const char *git_log_output_encoding;
@@ -37,22 +38,21 @@ int core_compression_seen;
 int fsync_object_files;
 size_t packed_git_window_size = DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_WINDOW_SIZE;
 size_t packed_git_limit = DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_LIMIT;
-size_t delta_base_cache_limit = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+size_t delta_base_cache_limit = 96 * 1024 * 1024;
 unsigned long big_file_threshold = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
-const char *log_pack_access;
 const char *pager_program;
 int pager_use_color = 1;
 const char *editor_program;
 const char *askpass_program;
 const char *excludes_file;
 enum auto_crlf auto_crlf = AUTO_CRLF_FALSE;
-int read_replace_refs = 1; /* NEEDSWORK: rename to use_replace_refs */
+int check_replace_refs = 1;
 enum eol core_eol = EOL_UNSET;
 enum safe_crlf safe_crlf = SAFE_CRLF_WARN;
 unsigned whitespace_rule_cfg = WS_DEFAULT_RULE;
 enum branch_track git_branch_track = BRANCH_TRACK_REMOTE;
 enum rebase_setup_type autorebase = AUTOREBASE_NEVER;
-enum push_default_type push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_MATCHING;
+enum push_default_type push_default = PUSH_DEFAULT_UNSPECIFIED;
 #ifndef OBJECT_CREATION_MODE
 #define OBJECT_CREATION_MODE OBJECT_CREATION_USES_HARDLINKS
 #endif
@@ -61,11 +61,29 @@ char *notes_ref_name;
 int grafts_replace_parents = 1;
 int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
 int merge_log_config = -1;
+int precomposed_unicode = -1; /* see probe_utf8_pathname_composition() */
 struct startup_info *startup_info;
 unsigned long pack_size_limit_cfg;
 
+#ifndef PROTECT_HFS_DEFAULT
+#define PROTECT_HFS_DEFAULT 0
+#endif
+int protect_hfs = PROTECT_HFS_DEFAULT;
+
+#ifndef PROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT
+#define PROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT 0
+#endif
+int protect_ntfs = PROTECT_NTFS_DEFAULT;
+
+/*
+ * The character that begins a commented line in user-editable file
+ * that is subject to stripspace.
+ */
+char comment_line_char = '#';
+int auto_comment_line_char;
+
 /* Parallel index stat data preload? */
-int core_preload_index = 0;
+int core_preload_index = 1;
 
 /* This is set by setup_git_dir_gently() and/or git_default_config() */
 char *git_work_tree_cfg;
@@ -78,20 +96,21 @@ static const char *git_dir;
 static char *git_object_dir, *git_index_file, *git_graft_file;
 
 /*
- * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables
- * Remember to update local_repo_env_size in cache.h when
- * the size of the list changes
+ * Repository-local GIT_* environment variables; see cache.h for details.
  */
-const char * const local_repo_env[LOCAL_REPO_ENV_SIZE + 1] = {
+const char * const local_repo_env[] = {
 	ALTERNATE_DB_ENVIRONMENT,
 	CONFIG_ENVIRONMENT,
 	CONFIG_DATA_ENVIRONMENT,
 	DB_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
 	GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT,
 	INDEX_ENVIRONMENT,
 	NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_SHALLOW_FILE_ENVIRONMENT,
 	NULL
 };
 
@@ -116,33 +135,32 @@ static char *expand_namespace(const char *raw_namespace)
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
+static char *git_path_from_env(const char *envvar, const char *path)
+{
+	const char *value = getenv(envvar);
+	return value ? xstrdup(value) : git_pathdup("%s", path);
+}
+
 static void setup_git_env(void)
 {
+	const char *gitfile;
+	const char *shallow_file;
+
 	git_dir = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-	git_dir = git_dir ? xstrdup(git_dir) : NULL;
-	if (!git_dir) {
-		git_dir = read_gitfile(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
-		git_dir = git_dir ? xstrdup(git_dir) : NULL;
-	}
 	if (!git_dir)
 		git_dir = DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT;
-	git_object_dir = getenv(DB_ENVIRONMENT);
-	if (!git_object_dir) {
-		git_object_dir = xmalloc(strlen(git_dir) + 9);
-		sprintf(git_object_dir, "%s/objects", git_dir);
-	}
-	git_index_file = getenv(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT);
-	if (!git_index_file) {
-		git_index_file = xmalloc(strlen(git_dir) + 7);
-		sprintf(git_index_file, "%s/index", git_dir);
-	}
-	git_graft_file = getenv(GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT);
-	if (!git_graft_file)
-		git_graft_file = git_pathdup("info/grafts");
+	gitfile = read_gitfile(git_dir);
+	git_dir = xstrdup(gitfile ? gitfile : git_dir);
+	git_object_dir = git_path_from_env(DB_ENVIRONMENT, "objects");
+	git_index_file = git_path_from_env(INDEX_ENVIRONMENT, "index");
+	git_graft_file = git_path_from_env(GRAFT_ENVIRONMENT, "info/grafts");
 	if (getenv(NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT))
-		read_replace_refs = 0;
+		check_replace_refs = 0;
 	namespace = expand_namespace(getenv(GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT));
 	namespace_len = strlen(namespace);
+	shallow_file = getenv(GIT_SHALLOW_FILE_ENVIRONMENT);
+	if (shallow_file)
+		set_alternate_shallow_file(shallow_file, 0);
 }
 
 int is_bare_repository(void)
@@ -151,11 +169,6 @@ int is_bare_repository(void)
 	return is_bare_repository_cfg && !get_git_work_tree();
 }
 
-int have_git_dir(void)
-{
-	return !!git_dir;
-}
-
 const char *get_git_dir(void)
 {
 	if (!git_dir)
@@ -172,7 +185,7 @@ const char *get_git_namespace(void)
 
 const char *strip_namespace(const char *namespaced_ref)
 {
-	if (prefixcmp(namespaced_ref, get_git_namespace()) != 0)
+	if (!starts_with(namespaced_ref, get_git_namespace()))
 		return NULL;
 	return namespaced_ref + namespace_len;
 }
@@ -232,7 +245,7 @@ int odb_mkstemp(char *template, size_t limit, const char *pattern)
 	return xmkstemp_mode(template, mode);
 }
 
-int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, unsigned char *sha1)
+int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int fd;
 
diff --git a/ewah/bitmap.c b/ewah/bitmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..710e58c1bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/bitmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "ewok.h"
+
+#define MASK(x) ((eword_t)1 << (x % BITS_IN_WORD))
+#define BLOCK(x) (x / BITS_IN_WORD)
+
+struct bitmap *bitmap_new(void)
+{
+	struct bitmap *bitmap = ewah_malloc(sizeof(struct bitmap));
+	bitmap->words = ewah_calloc(32, sizeof(eword_t));
+	bitmap->word_alloc = 32;
+	return bitmap;
+}
+
+void bitmap_set(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos)
+{
+	size_t block = BLOCK(pos);
+
+	if (block >= self->word_alloc) {
+		size_t old_size = self->word_alloc;
+		self->word_alloc = block * 2;
+		self->words = ewah_realloc(self->words,
+			self->word_alloc * sizeof(eword_t));
+
+		memset(self->words + old_size, 0x0,
+			(self->word_alloc - old_size) * sizeof(eword_t));
+	}
+
+	self->words[block] |= MASK(pos);
+}
+
+void bitmap_clear(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos)
+{
+	size_t block = BLOCK(pos);
+
+	if (block < self->word_alloc)
+		self->words[block] &= ~MASK(pos);
+}
+
+int bitmap_get(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos)
+{
+	size_t block = BLOCK(pos);
+	return block < self->word_alloc &&
+		(self->words[block] & MASK(pos)) != 0;
+}
+
+struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap_to_ewah(struct bitmap *bitmap)
+{
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah = ewah_new();
+	size_t i, running_empty_words = 0;
+	eword_t last_word = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < bitmap->word_alloc; ++i) {
+		if (bitmap->words[i] == 0) {
+			running_empty_words++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (last_word != 0)
+			ewah_add(ewah, last_word);
+
+		if (running_empty_words > 0) {
+			ewah_add_empty_words(ewah, 0, running_empty_words);
+			running_empty_words = 0;
+		}
+
+		last_word = bitmap->words[i];
+	}
+
+	ewah_add(ewah, last_word);
+	return ewah;
+}
+
+struct bitmap *ewah_to_bitmap(struct ewah_bitmap *ewah)
+{
+	struct bitmap *bitmap = bitmap_new();
+	struct ewah_iterator it;
+	eword_t blowup;
+	size_t i = 0;
+
+	ewah_iterator_init(&it, ewah);
+
+	while (ewah_iterator_next(&blowup, &it)) {
+		if (i >= bitmap->word_alloc) {
+			bitmap->word_alloc *= 1.5;
+			bitmap->words = ewah_realloc(
+				bitmap->words, bitmap->word_alloc * sizeof(eword_t));
+		}
+
+		bitmap->words[i++] = blowup;
+	}
+
+	bitmap->word_alloc = i;
+	return bitmap;
+}
+
+void bitmap_and_not(struct bitmap *self, struct bitmap *other)
+{
+	const size_t count = (self->word_alloc < other->word_alloc) ?
+		self->word_alloc : other->word_alloc;
+
+	size_t i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+		self->words[i] &= ~other->words[i];
+}
+
+void bitmap_or_ewah(struct bitmap *self, struct ewah_bitmap *other)
+{
+	size_t original_size = self->word_alloc;
+	size_t other_final = (other->bit_size / BITS_IN_WORD) + 1;
+	size_t i = 0;
+	struct ewah_iterator it;
+	eword_t word;
+
+	if (self->word_alloc < other_final) {
+		self->word_alloc = other_final;
+		self->words = ewah_realloc(self->words,
+			self->word_alloc * sizeof(eword_t));
+		memset(self->words + original_size, 0x0,
+			(self->word_alloc - original_size) * sizeof(eword_t));
+	}
+
+	ewah_iterator_init(&it, other);
+
+	while (ewah_iterator_next(&word, &it))
+		self->words[i++] |= word;
+}
+
+void bitmap_each_bit(struct bitmap *self, ewah_callback callback, void *data)
+{
+	size_t pos = 0, i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < self->word_alloc; ++i) {
+		eword_t word = self->words[i];
+		uint32_t offset;
+
+		if (word == (eword_t)~0) {
+			for (offset = 0; offset < BITS_IN_WORD; ++offset)
+				callback(pos++, data);
+		} else {
+			for (offset = 0; offset < BITS_IN_WORD; ++offset) {
+				if ((word >> offset) == 0)
+					break;
+
+				offset += ewah_bit_ctz64(word >> offset);
+				callback(pos + offset, data);
+			}
+			pos += BITS_IN_WORD;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+size_t bitmap_popcount(struct bitmap *self)
+{
+	size_t i, count = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < self->word_alloc; ++i)
+		count += ewah_bit_popcount64(self->words[i]);
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+int bitmap_equals(struct bitmap *self, struct bitmap *other)
+{
+	struct bitmap *big, *small;
+	size_t i;
+
+	if (self->word_alloc < other->word_alloc) {
+		small = self;
+		big = other;
+	} else {
+		small = other;
+		big = self;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < small->word_alloc; ++i) {
+		if (small->words[i] != big->words[i])
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	for (; i < big->word_alloc; ++i) {
+		if (big->words[i] != 0)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void bitmap_reset(struct bitmap *bitmap)
+{
+	memset(bitmap->words, 0x0, bitmap->word_alloc * sizeof(eword_t));
+}
+
+void bitmap_free(struct bitmap *bitmap)
+{
+	if (bitmap == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	free(bitmap->words);
+	free(bitmap);
+}
diff --git a/ewah/ewah_bitmap.c b/ewah/ewah_bitmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fccb42b52c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/ewah_bitmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,714 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "ewok.h"
+#include "ewok_rlw.h"
+
+static inline size_t min_size(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+	return a < b ? a : b;
+}
+
+static inline size_t max_size(size_t a, size_t b)
+{
+	return a > b ? a : b;
+}
+
+static inline void buffer_grow(struct ewah_bitmap *self, size_t new_size)
+{
+	size_t rlw_offset = (uint8_t *)self->rlw - (uint8_t *)self->buffer;
+
+	if (self->alloc_size >= new_size)
+		return;
+
+	self->alloc_size = new_size;
+	self->buffer = ewah_realloc(self->buffer,
+		self->alloc_size * sizeof(eword_t));
+	self->rlw = self->buffer + (rlw_offset / sizeof(eword_t));
+}
+
+static inline void buffer_push(struct ewah_bitmap *self, eword_t value)
+{
+	if (self->buffer_size + 1 >= self->alloc_size)
+		buffer_grow(self, self->buffer_size * 3 / 2);
+
+	self->buffer[self->buffer_size++] = value;
+}
+
+static void buffer_push_rlw(struct ewah_bitmap *self, eword_t value)
+{
+	buffer_push(self, value);
+	self->rlw = self->buffer + self->buffer_size - 1;
+}
+
+static size_t add_empty_words(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int v, size_t number)
+{
+	size_t added = 0;
+	eword_t runlen, can_add;
+
+	if (rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) != v && rlw_size(self->rlw) == 0) {
+		rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+	} else if (rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) != 0 ||
+			rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) != v) {
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+		if (v) rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+		added++;
+	}
+
+	runlen = rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw);
+	can_add = min_size(number, RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT - runlen);
+
+	rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw, runlen + can_add);
+	number -= can_add;
+
+	while (number >= RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT) {
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+		added++;
+		if (v) rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+		rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw, RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT);
+		number -= RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT;
+	}
+
+	if (number > 0) {
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+		added++;
+
+		if (v) rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+		rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw, number);
+	}
+
+	return added;
+}
+
+size_t ewah_add_empty_words(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int v, size_t number)
+{
+	if (number == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	self->bit_size += number * BITS_IN_WORD;
+	return add_empty_words(self, v, number);
+}
+
+static size_t add_literal(struct ewah_bitmap *self, eword_t new_data)
+{
+	eword_t current_num = rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw);
+
+	if (current_num >= RLW_LARGEST_LITERAL_COUNT) {
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+
+		rlw_set_literal_words(self->rlw, 1);
+		buffer_push(self, new_data);
+		return 2;
+	}
+
+	rlw_set_literal_words(self->rlw, current_num + 1);
+
+	/* sanity check */
+	assert(rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) == current_num + 1);
+
+	buffer_push(self, new_data);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void ewah_add_dirty_words(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *self, const eword_t *buffer,
+	size_t number, int negate)
+{
+	size_t literals, can_add;
+
+	while (1) {
+		literals = rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw);
+		can_add = min_size(number, RLW_LARGEST_LITERAL_COUNT - literals);
+
+		rlw_set_literal_words(self->rlw, literals + can_add);
+
+		if (self->buffer_size + can_add >= self->alloc_size)
+			buffer_grow(self, (self->buffer_size + can_add) * 3 / 2);
+
+		if (negate) {
+			size_t i;
+			for (i = 0; i < can_add; ++i)
+				self->buffer[self->buffer_size++] = ~buffer[i];
+		} else {
+			memcpy(self->buffer + self->buffer_size,
+				buffer, can_add * sizeof(eword_t));
+			self->buffer_size += can_add;
+		}
+
+		self->bit_size += can_add * BITS_IN_WORD;
+
+		if (number - can_add == 0)
+			break;
+
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+		buffer += can_add;
+		number -= can_add;
+	}
+}
+
+static size_t add_empty_word(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int v)
+{
+	int no_literal = (rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) == 0);
+	eword_t run_len = rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw);
+
+	if (no_literal && run_len == 0) {
+		rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+		assert(rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) == v);
+	}
+
+	if (no_literal && rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) == v &&
+		run_len < RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT) {
+		rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw, run_len + 1);
+		assert(rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw) == run_len + 1);
+		return 0;
+	} else {
+		buffer_push_rlw(self, 0);
+
+		assert(rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw) == 0);
+		assert(rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) == 0);
+		assert(rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) == 0);
+
+		rlw_set_run_bit(self->rlw, v);
+		assert(rlw_get_run_bit(self->rlw) == v);
+
+		rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw, 1);
+		assert(rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw) == 1);
+		assert(rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) == 0);
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+size_t ewah_add(struct ewah_bitmap *self, eword_t word)
+{
+	self->bit_size += BITS_IN_WORD;
+
+	if (word == 0)
+		return add_empty_word(self, 0);
+
+	if (word == (eword_t)(~0))
+		return add_empty_word(self, 1);
+
+	return add_literal(self, word);
+}
+
+void ewah_set(struct ewah_bitmap *self, size_t i)
+{
+	const size_t dist =
+		(i + BITS_IN_WORD) / BITS_IN_WORD -
+		(self->bit_size + BITS_IN_WORD - 1) / BITS_IN_WORD;
+
+	assert(i >= self->bit_size);
+
+	self->bit_size = i + 1;
+
+	if (dist > 0) {
+		if (dist > 1)
+			add_empty_words(self, 0, dist - 1);
+
+		add_literal(self, (eword_t)1 << (i % BITS_IN_WORD));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) == 0) {
+		rlw_set_running_len(self->rlw,
+			rlw_get_running_len(self->rlw) - 1);
+		add_literal(self, (eword_t)1 << (i % BITS_IN_WORD));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	self->buffer[self->buffer_size - 1] |=
+		((eword_t)1 << (i % BITS_IN_WORD));
+
+	/* check if we just completed a stream of 1s */
+	if (self->buffer[self->buffer_size - 1] == (eword_t)(~0)) {
+		self->buffer[--self->buffer_size] = 0;
+		rlw_set_literal_words(self->rlw,
+			rlw_get_literal_words(self->rlw) - 1);
+		add_empty_word(self, 1);
+	}
+}
+
+void ewah_each_bit(struct ewah_bitmap *self, void (*callback)(size_t, void*), void *payload)
+{
+	size_t pos = 0;
+	size_t pointer = 0;
+	size_t k;
+
+	while (pointer < self->buffer_size) {
+		eword_t *word = &self->buffer[pointer];
+
+		if (rlw_get_run_bit(word)) {
+			size_t len = rlw_get_running_len(word) * BITS_IN_WORD;
+			for (k = 0; k < len; ++k, ++pos)
+				callback(pos, payload);
+		} else {
+			pos += rlw_get_running_len(word) * BITS_IN_WORD;
+		}
+
+		++pointer;
+
+		for (k = 0; k < rlw_get_literal_words(word); ++k) {
+			int c;
+
+			/* todo: zero count optimization */
+			for (c = 0; c < BITS_IN_WORD; ++c, ++pos) {
+				if ((self->buffer[pointer] & ((eword_t)1 << c)) != 0)
+					callback(pos, payload);
+			}
+
+			++pointer;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_new(void)
+{
+	struct ewah_bitmap *self;
+
+	self = ewah_malloc(sizeof(struct ewah_bitmap));
+	if (self == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	self->buffer = ewah_malloc(32 * sizeof(eword_t));
+	self->alloc_size = 32;
+
+	ewah_clear(self);
+	return self;
+}
+
+void ewah_clear(struct ewah_bitmap *self)
+{
+	self->buffer_size = 1;
+	self->buffer[0] = 0;
+	self->bit_size = 0;
+	self->rlw = self->buffer;
+}
+
+void ewah_free(struct ewah_bitmap *self)
+{
+	if (!self)
+		return;
+
+	if (self->alloc_size)
+		free(self->buffer);
+
+	free(self);
+}
+
+static void read_new_rlw(struct ewah_iterator *it)
+{
+	const eword_t *word = NULL;
+
+	it->literals = 0;
+	it->compressed = 0;
+
+	while (1) {
+		word = &it->buffer[it->pointer];
+
+		it->rl = rlw_get_running_len(word);
+		it->lw = rlw_get_literal_words(word);
+		it->b = rlw_get_run_bit(word);
+
+		if (it->rl || it->lw)
+			return;
+
+		if (it->pointer < it->buffer_size - 1) {
+			it->pointer++;
+		} else {
+			it->pointer = it->buffer_size;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int ewah_iterator_next(eword_t *next, struct ewah_iterator *it)
+{
+	if (it->pointer >= it->buffer_size)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (it->compressed < it->rl) {
+		it->compressed++;
+		*next = it->b ? (eword_t)(~0) : 0;
+	} else {
+		assert(it->literals < it->lw);
+
+		it->literals++;
+		it->pointer++;
+
+		assert(it->pointer < it->buffer_size);
+
+		*next = it->buffer[it->pointer];
+	}
+
+	if (it->compressed == it->rl && it->literals == it->lw) {
+		if (++it->pointer < it->buffer_size)
+			read_new_rlw(it);
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void ewah_iterator_init(struct ewah_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *parent)
+{
+	it->buffer = parent->buffer;
+	it->buffer_size = parent->buffer_size;
+	it->pointer = 0;
+
+	it->lw = 0;
+	it->rl = 0;
+	it->compressed = 0;
+	it->literals = 0;
+	it->b = 0;
+
+	if (it->pointer < it->buffer_size)
+		read_new_rlw(it);
+}
+
+void ewah_not(struct ewah_bitmap *self)
+{
+	size_t pointer = 0;
+
+	while (pointer < self->buffer_size) {
+		eword_t *word = &self->buffer[pointer];
+		size_t literals, k;
+
+		rlw_xor_run_bit(word);
+		++pointer;
+
+		literals = rlw_get_literal_words(word);
+		for (k = 0; k < literals; ++k) {
+			self->buffer[pointer] = ~self->buffer[pointer];
+			++pointer;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void ewah_xor(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out)
+{
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_i;
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_j;
+	size_t literals;
+
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_i, ewah_i);
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_j, ewah_j);
+
+	while (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0 && rlwit_word_size(&rlw_j) > 0) {
+		while (rlw_i.rlw.running_len > 0 || rlw_j.rlw.running_len > 0) {
+			struct rlw_iterator *prey, *predator;
+			size_t index;
+			int negate_words;
+
+			if (rlw_i.rlw.running_len < rlw_j.rlw.running_len) {
+				prey = &rlw_i;
+				predator = &rlw_j;
+			} else {
+				prey = &rlw_j;
+				predator = &rlw_i;
+			}
+
+			negate_words = !!predator->rlw.running_bit;
+			index = rlwit_discharge(prey, out,
+				predator->rlw.running_len, negate_words);
+
+			ewah_add_empty_words(out, negate_words,
+				predator->rlw.running_len - index);
+
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+				predator->rlw.running_len);
+		}
+
+		literals = min_size(
+			rlw_i.rlw.literal_words,
+			rlw_j.rlw.literal_words);
+
+		if (literals) {
+			size_t k;
+
+			for (k = 0; k < literals; ++k) {
+				ewah_add(out,
+					rlw_i.buffer[rlw_i.literal_word_start + k] ^
+					rlw_j.buffer[rlw_j.literal_word_start + k]
+				);
+			}
+
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_i, literals);
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_j, literals);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0)
+		rlwit_discharge(&rlw_i, out, ~0, 0);
+	else
+		rlwit_discharge(&rlw_j, out, ~0, 0);
+
+	out->bit_size = max_size(ewah_i->bit_size, ewah_j->bit_size);
+}
+
+void ewah_and(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out)
+{
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_i;
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_j;
+	size_t literals;
+
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_i, ewah_i);
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_j, ewah_j);
+
+	while (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0 && rlwit_word_size(&rlw_j) > 0) {
+		while (rlw_i.rlw.running_len > 0 || rlw_j.rlw.running_len > 0) {
+			struct rlw_iterator *prey, *predator;
+
+			if (rlw_i.rlw.running_len < rlw_j.rlw.running_len) {
+				prey = &rlw_i;
+				predator = &rlw_j;
+			} else {
+				prey = &rlw_j;
+				predator = &rlw_i;
+			}
+
+			if (predator->rlw.running_bit == 0) {
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(prey,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			} else {
+				size_t index = rlwit_discharge(prey, out,
+					predator->rlw.running_len, 0);
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0,
+					predator->rlw.running_len - index);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			}
+		}
+
+		literals = min_size(
+			rlw_i.rlw.literal_words,
+			rlw_j.rlw.literal_words);
+
+		if (literals) {
+			size_t k;
+
+			for (k = 0; k < literals; ++k) {
+				ewah_add(out,
+					rlw_i.buffer[rlw_i.literal_word_start + k] &
+					rlw_j.buffer[rlw_j.literal_word_start + k]
+				);
+			}
+
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_i, literals);
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_j, literals);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0)
+		rlwit_discharge_empty(&rlw_i, out);
+	else
+		rlwit_discharge_empty(&rlw_j, out);
+
+	out->bit_size = max_size(ewah_i->bit_size, ewah_j->bit_size);
+}
+
+void ewah_and_not(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out)
+{
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_i;
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_j;
+	size_t literals;
+
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_i, ewah_i);
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_j, ewah_j);
+
+	while (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0 && rlwit_word_size(&rlw_j) > 0) {
+		while (rlw_i.rlw.running_len > 0 || rlw_j.rlw.running_len > 0) {
+			struct rlw_iterator *prey, *predator;
+
+			if (rlw_i.rlw.running_len < rlw_j.rlw.running_len) {
+				prey = &rlw_i;
+				predator = &rlw_j;
+			} else {
+				prey = &rlw_j;
+				predator = &rlw_i;
+			}
+
+			if ((predator->rlw.running_bit && prey == &rlw_i) ||
+				(!predator->rlw.running_bit && prey != &rlw_i)) {
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(prey,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			} else {
+				size_t index;
+				int negate_words;
+
+				negate_words = (&rlw_i != prey);
+				index = rlwit_discharge(prey, out,
+					predator->rlw.running_len, negate_words);
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, negate_words,
+					predator->rlw.running_len - index);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			}
+		}
+
+		literals = min_size(
+			rlw_i.rlw.literal_words,
+			rlw_j.rlw.literal_words);
+
+		if (literals) {
+			size_t k;
+
+			for (k = 0; k < literals; ++k) {
+				ewah_add(out,
+					rlw_i.buffer[rlw_i.literal_word_start + k] &
+					~(rlw_j.buffer[rlw_j.literal_word_start + k])
+				);
+			}
+
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_i, literals);
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_j, literals);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0)
+		rlwit_discharge(&rlw_i, out, ~0, 0);
+	else
+		rlwit_discharge_empty(&rlw_j, out);
+
+	out->bit_size = max_size(ewah_i->bit_size, ewah_j->bit_size);
+}
+
+void ewah_or(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out)
+{
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_i;
+	struct rlw_iterator rlw_j;
+	size_t literals;
+
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_i, ewah_i);
+	rlwit_init(&rlw_j, ewah_j);
+
+	while (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0 && rlwit_word_size(&rlw_j) > 0) {
+		while (rlw_i.rlw.running_len > 0 || rlw_j.rlw.running_len > 0) {
+			struct rlw_iterator *prey, *predator;
+
+			if (rlw_i.rlw.running_len < rlw_j.rlw.running_len) {
+				prey = &rlw_i;
+				predator = &rlw_j;
+			} else {
+				prey = &rlw_j;
+				predator = &rlw_i;
+			}
+
+			if (predator->rlw.running_bit) {
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(prey,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			} else {
+				size_t index = rlwit_discharge(prey, out,
+					predator->rlw.running_len, 0);
+				ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0,
+					predator->rlw.running_len - index);
+				rlwit_discard_first_words(predator,
+					predator->rlw.running_len);
+			}
+		}
+
+		literals = min_size(
+			rlw_i.rlw.literal_words,
+			rlw_j.rlw.literal_words);
+
+		if (literals) {
+			size_t k;
+
+			for (k = 0; k < literals; ++k) {
+				ewah_add(out,
+					rlw_i.buffer[rlw_i.literal_word_start + k] |
+					rlw_j.buffer[rlw_j.literal_word_start + k]
+				);
+			}
+
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_i, literals);
+			rlwit_discard_first_words(&rlw_j, literals);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (rlwit_word_size(&rlw_i) > 0)
+		rlwit_discharge(&rlw_i, out, ~0, 0);
+	else
+		rlwit_discharge(&rlw_j, out, ~0, 0);
+
+	out->bit_size = max_size(ewah_i->bit_size, ewah_j->bit_size);
+}
+
+
+#define BITMAP_POOL_MAX 16
+static struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap_pool[BITMAP_POOL_MAX];
+static size_t bitmap_pool_size;
+
+struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_pool_new(void)
+{
+	if (bitmap_pool_size)
+		return bitmap_pool[--bitmap_pool_size];
+
+	return ewah_new();
+}
+
+void ewah_pool_free(struct ewah_bitmap *self)
+{
+	if (self == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	if (bitmap_pool_size == BITMAP_POOL_MAX ||
+		self->alloc_size == 0) {
+		ewah_free(self);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ewah_clear(self);
+	bitmap_pool[bitmap_pool_size++] = self;
+}
+
+uint32_t ewah_checksum(struct ewah_bitmap *self)
+{
+	const uint8_t *p = (uint8_t *)self->buffer;
+	uint32_t crc = (uint32_t)self->bit_size;
+	size_t size = self->buffer_size * sizeof(eword_t);
+
+	while (size--)
+		crc = (crc << 5) - crc + (uint32_t)*p++;
+
+	return crc;
+}
diff --git a/ewah/ewah_io.c b/ewah/ewah_io.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c2d7afd4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/ewah_io.c
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "ewok.h"
+
+int ewah_serialize_native(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd)
+{
+	uint32_t write32;
+	size_t to_write = self->buffer_size * 8;
+
+	/* 32 bit -- bit size for the map */
+	write32 = (uint32_t)self->bit_size;
+	if (write(fd, &write32, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	/** 32 bit -- number of compressed 64-bit words */
+	write32 = (uint32_t)self->buffer_size;
+	if (write(fd, &write32, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (write(fd, self->buffer, to_write) != to_write)
+		return -1;
+
+	/** 32 bit -- position for the RLW */
+	write32 = self->rlw - self->buffer;
+	if (write(fd, &write32, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	return (3 * 4) + to_write;
+}
+
+int ewah_serialize_to(struct ewah_bitmap *self,
+		      int (*write_fun)(void *, const void *, size_t),
+		      void *data)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	eword_t dump[2048];
+	const size_t words_per_dump = sizeof(dump) / sizeof(eword_t);
+	uint32_t bitsize, word_count, rlw_pos;
+
+	const eword_t *buffer;
+	size_t words_left;
+
+	/* 32 bit -- bit size for the map */
+	bitsize =  htonl((uint32_t)self->bit_size);
+	if (write_fun(data, &bitsize, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	/** 32 bit -- number of compressed 64-bit words */
+	word_count =  htonl((uint32_t)self->buffer_size);
+	if (write_fun(data, &word_count, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	/** 64 bit x N -- compressed words */
+	buffer = self->buffer;
+	words_left = self->buffer_size;
+
+	while (words_left >= words_per_dump) {
+		for (i = 0; i < words_per_dump; ++i, ++buffer)
+			dump[i] = htonll(*buffer);
+
+		if (write_fun(data, dump, sizeof(dump)) != sizeof(dump))
+			return -1;
+
+		words_left -= words_per_dump;
+	}
+
+	if (words_left) {
+		for (i = 0; i < words_left; ++i, ++buffer)
+			dump[i] = htonll(*buffer);
+
+		if (write_fun(data, dump, words_left * 8) != words_left * 8)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	/** 32 bit -- position for the RLW */
+	rlw_pos = (uint8_t*)self->rlw - (uint8_t *)self->buffer;
+	rlw_pos = htonl(rlw_pos / sizeof(eword_t));
+
+	if (write_fun(data, &rlw_pos, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	return (3 * 4) + (self->buffer_size * 8);
+}
+
+static int write_helper(void *fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	return write((intptr_t)fd, buf, len);
+}
+
+int ewah_serialize(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd)
+{
+	return ewah_serialize_to(self, write_helper, (void *)(intptr_t)fd);
+}
+
+int ewah_read_mmap(struct ewah_bitmap *self, const void *map, size_t len)
+{
+	const uint8_t *ptr = map;
+	size_t i;
+
+	self->bit_size = get_be32(ptr);
+	ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+	self->buffer_size = self->alloc_size = get_be32(ptr);
+	ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+	self->buffer = ewah_realloc(self->buffer,
+		self->alloc_size * sizeof(eword_t));
+
+	if (!self->buffer)
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy the raw data for the bitmap as a whole chunk;
+	 * if we're in a little-endian platform, we'll perform
+	 * the endianness conversion in a separate pass to ensure
+	 * we're loading 8-byte aligned words.
+	 */
+	memcpy(self->buffer, ptr, self->buffer_size * sizeof(uint64_t));
+	ptr += self->buffer_size * sizeof(uint64_t);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < self->buffer_size; ++i)
+		self->buffer[i] = ntohll(self->buffer[i]);
+
+	self->rlw = self->buffer + get_be32(ptr);
+
+	return (3 * 4) + (self->buffer_size * 8);
+}
+
+int ewah_deserialize(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	eword_t dump[2048];
+	const size_t words_per_dump = sizeof(dump) / sizeof(eword_t);
+	uint32_t bitsize, word_count, rlw_pos;
+
+	eword_t *buffer = NULL;
+	size_t words_left;
+
+	ewah_clear(self);
+
+	/* 32 bit -- bit size for the map */
+	if (read(fd, &bitsize, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	self->bit_size = (size_t)ntohl(bitsize);
+
+	/** 32 bit -- number of compressed 64-bit words */
+	if (read(fd, &word_count, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	self->buffer_size = self->alloc_size = (size_t)ntohl(word_count);
+	self->buffer = ewah_realloc(self->buffer,
+		self->alloc_size * sizeof(eword_t));
+
+	if (!self->buffer)
+		return -1;
+
+	/** 64 bit x N -- compressed words */
+	buffer = self->buffer;
+	words_left = self->buffer_size;
+
+	while (words_left >= words_per_dump) {
+		if (read(fd, dump, sizeof(dump)) != sizeof(dump))
+			return -1;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < words_per_dump; ++i, ++buffer)
+			*buffer = ntohll(dump[i]);
+
+		words_left -= words_per_dump;
+	}
+
+	if (words_left) {
+		if (read(fd, dump, words_left * 8) != words_left * 8)
+			return -1;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < words_left; ++i, ++buffer)
+			*buffer = ntohll(dump[i]);
+	}
+
+	/** 32 bit -- position for the RLW */
+	if (read(fd, &rlw_pos, 4) != 4)
+		return -1;
+
+	self->rlw = self->buffer + ntohl(rlw_pos);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/ewah/ewah_rlw.c b/ewah/ewah_rlw.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c723f1aefd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/ewah_rlw.c
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "ewok.h"
+#include "ewok_rlw.h"
+
+static inline int next_word(struct rlw_iterator *it)
+{
+	if (it->pointer >= it->size)
+		return 0;
+
+	it->rlw.word = &it->buffer[it->pointer];
+	it->pointer += rlw_get_literal_words(it->rlw.word) + 1;
+
+	it->rlw.literal_words = rlw_get_literal_words(it->rlw.word);
+	it->rlw.running_len = rlw_get_running_len(it->rlw.word);
+	it->rlw.running_bit = rlw_get_run_bit(it->rlw.word);
+	it->rlw.literal_word_offset = 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void rlwit_init(struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *from_ewah)
+{
+	it->buffer = from_ewah->buffer;
+	it->size = from_ewah->buffer_size;
+	it->pointer = 0;
+
+	next_word(it);
+
+	it->literal_word_start = rlwit_literal_words(it) +
+		it->rlw.literal_word_offset;
+}
+
+void rlwit_discard_first_words(struct rlw_iterator *it, size_t x)
+{
+	while (x > 0) {
+		size_t discard;
+
+		if (it->rlw.running_len > x) {
+			it->rlw.running_len -= x;
+			return;
+		}
+
+		x -= it->rlw.running_len;
+		it->rlw.running_len = 0;
+
+		discard = (x > it->rlw.literal_words) ? it->rlw.literal_words : x;
+
+		it->literal_word_start += discard;
+		it->rlw.literal_words -= discard;
+		x -= discard;
+
+		if (x > 0 || rlwit_word_size(it) == 0) {
+			if (!next_word(it))
+				break;
+
+			it->literal_word_start =
+				rlwit_literal_words(it) + it->rlw.literal_word_offset;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+size_t rlwit_discharge(
+	struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *out, size_t max, int negate)
+{
+	size_t index = 0;
+
+	while (index < max && rlwit_word_size(it) > 0) {
+		size_t pd, pl = it->rlw.running_len;
+
+		if (index + pl > max)
+			pl = max - index;
+
+		ewah_add_empty_words(out, it->rlw.running_bit ^ negate, pl);
+		index += pl;
+
+		pd = it->rlw.literal_words;
+		if (pd + index > max)
+			pd = max - index;
+
+		ewah_add_dirty_words(out,
+			it->buffer + it->literal_word_start, pd, negate);
+
+		rlwit_discard_first_words(it, pd + pl);
+		index += pd;
+	}
+
+	return index;
+}
+
+void rlwit_discharge_empty(struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *out)
+{
+	while (rlwit_word_size(it) > 0) {
+		ewah_add_empty_words(out, 0, rlwit_word_size(it));
+		rlwit_discard_first_words(it, rlwit_word_size(it));
+	}
+}
diff --git a/ewah/ewok.h b/ewah/ewok.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..13c6e20412
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/ewok.h
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#ifndef __EWOK_BITMAP_H__
+#define __EWOK_BITMAP_H__
+
+#ifndef ewah_malloc
+#	define ewah_malloc xmalloc
+#endif
+#ifndef ewah_realloc
+#	define ewah_realloc xrealloc
+#endif
+#ifndef ewah_calloc
+#	define ewah_calloc xcalloc
+#endif
+
+typedef uint64_t eword_t;
+#define BITS_IN_WORD (sizeof(eword_t) * 8)
+
+/**
+ * Do not use __builtin_popcountll. The GCC implementation
+ * is notoriously slow on all platforms.
+ *
+ * See: http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=36041
+ */
+static inline uint32_t ewah_bit_popcount64(uint64_t x)
+{
+	x = (x & 0x5555555555555555ULL) + ((x >>  1) & 0x5555555555555555ULL);
+	x = (x & 0x3333333333333333ULL) + ((x >>  2) & 0x3333333333333333ULL);
+	x = (x & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FULL) + ((x >>  4) & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FULL);
+	return (x * 0x0101010101010101ULL) >> 56;
+}
+
+/* __builtin_ctzll was not available until 3.4.0 */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3  && __GNUC_MINOR > 3))
+#define ewah_bit_ctz64(x) __builtin_ctzll(x)
+#else
+static inline int ewah_bit_ctz64(uint64_t x)
+{
+	int n = 0;
+	if ((x & 0xffffffff) == 0) { x >>= 32; n += 32; }
+	if ((x &     0xffff) == 0) { x >>= 16; n += 16; }
+	if ((x &       0xff) == 0) { x >>=  8; n +=  8; }
+	if ((x &        0xf) == 0) { x >>=  4; n +=  4; }
+	if ((x &        0x3) == 0) { x >>=  2; n +=  2; }
+	if ((x &        0x1) == 0) { x >>=  1; n +=  1; }
+	return n + !x;
+}
+#endif
+
+struct ewah_bitmap {
+	eword_t *buffer;
+	size_t buffer_size;
+	size_t alloc_size;
+	size_t bit_size;
+	eword_t *rlw;
+};
+
+typedef void (*ewah_callback)(size_t pos, void *);
+
+struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_pool_new(void);
+void ewah_pool_free(struct ewah_bitmap *self);
+
+/**
+ * Allocate a new EWAH Compressed bitmap
+ */
+struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_new(void);
+
+/**
+ * Clear all the bits in the bitmap. Does not free or resize
+ * memory.
+ */
+void ewah_clear(struct ewah_bitmap *self);
+
+/**
+ * Free all the memory of the bitmap
+ */
+void ewah_free(struct ewah_bitmap *self);
+
+int ewah_serialize_to(struct ewah_bitmap *self,
+		      int (*write_fun)(void *out, const void *buf, size_t len),
+		      void *out);
+int ewah_serialize(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd);
+int ewah_serialize_native(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd);
+
+int ewah_deserialize(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int fd);
+int ewah_read_mmap(struct ewah_bitmap *self, const void *map, size_t len);
+
+uint32_t ewah_checksum(struct ewah_bitmap *self);
+
+/**
+ * Logical not (bitwise negation) in-place on the bitmap
+ *
+ * This operation is linear time based on the size of the bitmap.
+ */
+void ewah_not(struct ewah_bitmap *self);
+
+/**
+ * Call the given callback with the position of every single bit
+ * that has been set on the bitmap.
+ *
+ * This is an efficient operation that does not fully decompress
+ * the bitmap.
+ */
+void ewah_each_bit(struct ewah_bitmap *self, ewah_callback callback, void *payload);
+
+/**
+ * Set a given bit on the bitmap.
+ *
+ * The bit at position `pos` will be set to true. Because of the
+ * way that the bitmap is compressed, a set bit cannot be unset
+ * later on.
+ *
+ * Furthermore, since the bitmap uses streaming compression, bits
+ * can only set incrementally.
+ *
+ * E.g.
+ *		ewah_set(bitmap, 1); // ok
+ *		ewah_set(bitmap, 76); // ok
+ *		ewah_set(bitmap, 77); // ok
+ *		ewah_set(bitmap, 8712800127); // ok
+ *		ewah_set(bitmap, 25); // failed, assert raised
+ */
+void ewah_set(struct ewah_bitmap *self, size_t i);
+
+struct ewah_iterator {
+	const eword_t *buffer;
+	size_t buffer_size;
+
+	size_t pointer;
+	eword_t compressed, literals;
+	eword_t rl, lw;
+	int b;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Initialize a new iterator to run through the bitmap in uncompressed form.
+ *
+ * The iterator can be stack allocated. The underlying bitmap must not be freed
+ * before the iteration is over.
+ *
+ * E.g.
+ *
+ *		struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap = ewah_new();
+ *		struct ewah_iterator it;
+ *
+ *		ewah_iterator_init(&it, bitmap);
+ */
+void ewah_iterator_init(struct ewah_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *parent);
+
+/**
+ * Yield every single word in the bitmap in uncompressed form. This is:
+ * yield single words (32-64 bits) where each bit represents an actual
+ * bit from the bitmap.
+ *
+ * Return: true if a word was yield, false if there are no words left
+ */
+int ewah_iterator_next(eword_t *next, struct ewah_iterator *it);
+
+void ewah_or(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out);
+
+void ewah_and_not(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out);
+
+void ewah_xor(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out);
+
+void ewah_and(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_i,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *ewah_j,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *out);
+
+/**
+ * Direct word access
+ */
+size_t ewah_add_empty_words(struct ewah_bitmap *self, int v, size_t number);
+void ewah_add_dirty_words(
+	struct ewah_bitmap *self, const eword_t *buffer, size_t number, int negate);
+size_t ewah_add(struct ewah_bitmap *self, eword_t word);
+
+
+/**
+ * Uncompressed, old-school bitmap that can be efficiently compressed
+ * into an `ewah_bitmap`.
+ */
+struct bitmap {
+	eword_t *words;
+	size_t word_alloc;
+};
+
+struct bitmap *bitmap_new(void);
+void bitmap_set(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos);
+void bitmap_clear(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos);
+int bitmap_get(struct bitmap *self, size_t pos);
+void bitmap_reset(struct bitmap *self);
+void bitmap_free(struct bitmap *self);
+int bitmap_equals(struct bitmap *self, struct bitmap *other);
+int bitmap_is_subset(struct bitmap *self, struct bitmap *super);
+
+struct ewah_bitmap * bitmap_to_ewah(struct bitmap *bitmap);
+struct bitmap *ewah_to_bitmap(struct ewah_bitmap *ewah);
+
+void bitmap_and_not(struct bitmap *self, struct bitmap *other);
+void bitmap_or_ewah(struct bitmap *self, struct ewah_bitmap *other);
+void bitmap_or(struct bitmap *self, const struct bitmap *other);
+
+void bitmap_each_bit(struct bitmap *self, ewah_callback callback, void *data);
+size_t bitmap_popcount(struct bitmap *self);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ewah/ewok_rlw.h b/ewah/ewok_rlw.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63efdf9698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ewah/ewok_rlw.h
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright 2013, GitHub, Inc
+ * Copyright 2009-2013, Daniel Lemire, Cliff Moon,
+ *	David McIntosh, Robert Becho, Google Inc. and Veronika Zenz
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+#ifndef __EWOK_RLW_H__
+#define __EWOK_RLW_H__
+
+#define RLW_RUNNING_BITS (sizeof(eword_t) * 4)
+#define RLW_LITERAL_BITS (sizeof(eword_t) * 8 - 1 - RLW_RUNNING_BITS)
+
+#define RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT (((eword_t)1 << RLW_RUNNING_BITS) - 1)
+#define RLW_LARGEST_LITERAL_COUNT (((eword_t)1 << RLW_LITERAL_BITS) - 1)
+
+#define RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT_SHIFT (RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT << 1)
+
+#define RLW_RUNNING_LEN_PLUS_BIT (((eword_t)1 << (RLW_RUNNING_BITS + 1)) - 1)
+
+static int rlw_get_run_bit(const eword_t *word)
+{
+	return *word & (eword_t)1;
+}
+
+static inline void rlw_set_run_bit(eword_t *word, int b)
+{
+	if (b) {
+		*word |= (eword_t)1;
+	} else {
+		*word &= (eword_t)(~1);
+	}
+}
+
+static inline void rlw_xor_run_bit(eword_t *word)
+{
+	if (*word & 1) {
+		*word &= (eword_t)(~1);
+	} else {
+		*word |= (eword_t)1;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline void rlw_set_running_len(eword_t *word, eword_t l)
+{
+	*word |= RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT_SHIFT;
+	*word &= (l << 1) | (~RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT_SHIFT);
+}
+
+static inline eword_t rlw_get_running_len(const eword_t *word)
+{
+	return (*word >> 1) & RLW_LARGEST_RUNNING_COUNT;
+}
+
+static inline eword_t rlw_get_literal_words(const eword_t *word)
+{
+	return *word >> (1 + RLW_RUNNING_BITS);
+}
+
+static inline void rlw_set_literal_words(eword_t *word, eword_t l)
+{
+	*word |= ~RLW_RUNNING_LEN_PLUS_BIT;
+	*word &= (l << (RLW_RUNNING_BITS + 1)) | RLW_RUNNING_LEN_PLUS_BIT;
+}
+
+static inline eword_t rlw_size(const eword_t *self)
+{
+	return rlw_get_running_len(self) + rlw_get_literal_words(self);
+}
+
+struct rlw_iterator {
+	const eword_t *buffer;
+	size_t size;
+	size_t pointer;
+	size_t literal_word_start;
+
+	struct {
+		const eword_t *word;
+		int literal_words;
+		int running_len;
+		int literal_word_offset;
+		int running_bit;
+	} rlw;
+};
+
+void rlwit_init(struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap);
+void rlwit_discard_first_words(struct rlw_iterator *it, size_t x);
+size_t rlwit_discharge(
+	struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *out, size_t max, int negate);
+void rlwit_discharge_empty(struct rlw_iterator *it, struct ewah_bitmap *out);
+
+static inline size_t rlwit_word_size(struct rlw_iterator *it)
+{
+	return it->rlw.running_len + it->rlw.literal_words;
+}
+
+static inline size_t rlwit_literal_words(struct rlw_iterator *it)
+{
+	return it->pointer - it->rlw.literal_words;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/exec_cmd.c b/exec_cmd.c
index 171e841531..8ab37b5f74 100644
--- a/exec_cmd.c
+++ b/exec_cmd.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 static const char *argv_exec_path;
 static const char *argv0_path;
 
-const char *system_path(const char *path)
+char *system_path(const char *path)
 {
 #ifdef RUNTIME_PREFIX
 	static const char *prefix;
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ const char *system_path(const char *path)
 	struct strbuf d = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (is_absolute_path(path))
-		return path;
+		return xstrdup(path);
 
 #ifdef RUNTIME_PREFIX
 	assert(argv0_path);
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ const char *system_path(const char *path)
 #endif
 
 	strbuf_addf(&d, "%s/%s", prefix, path);
-	path = strbuf_detach(&d, NULL);
-	return path;
+	return strbuf_detach(&d, NULL);
 }
 
 const char *git_extract_argv0_path(const char *argv0)
@@ -86,11 +85,7 @@ const char *git_exec_path(void)
 static void add_path(struct strbuf *out, const char *path)
 {
 	if (path && *path) {
-		if (is_absolute_path(path))
-			strbuf_addstr(out, path);
-		else
-			strbuf_addstr(out, absolute_path(path));
-
+		strbuf_add_absolute_path(out, path);
 		strbuf_addch(out, PATH_SEP);
 	}
 }
@@ -134,7 +129,7 @@ int execv_git_cmd(const char **argv) {
 	trace_argv_printf(nargv, "trace: exec:");
 
 	/* execvp() can only ever return if it fails */
-	execvp("git", (char **)nargv);
+	sane_execvp("git", (char **)nargv);
 
 	trace_printf("trace: exec failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
 
diff --git a/exec_cmd.h b/exec_cmd.h
index e2b546b615..93b0c02529 100644
--- a/exec_cmd.h
+++ b/exec_cmd.h
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ extern const char *git_exec_path(void);
 extern void setup_path(void);
 extern const char **prepare_git_cmd(const char **argv);
 extern int execv_git_cmd(const char **argv); /* NULL terminated */
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
 extern int execl_git_cmd(const char *cmd, ...);
-extern const char *system_path(const char *path);
+extern char *system_path(const char *path);
 
 #endif /* GIT_EXEC_CMD_H */
diff --git a/fast-import.c b/fast-import.c
index c1486cabba..e78ca107b3 100644
--- a/fast-import.c
+++ b/fast-import.c
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
     ('author' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
     'committer' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf
     commit_msg
-    ('from' sp committish lf)?
-    ('merge' sp committish lf)*
+    ('from' sp commit-ish lf)?
+    ('merge' sp commit-ish lf)*
     (file_change | ls)*
     lf?;
   commit_msg ::= data;
@@ -43,18 +43,18 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
   file_obm ::= 'M' sp mode sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp path_str lf;
   file_inm ::= 'M' sp mode sp 'inline' sp path_str lf
     data;
-  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp committish lf;
-  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp committish lf
+  note_obm ::= 'N' sp (hexsha1 | idnum) sp commit-ish lf;
+  note_inm ::= 'N' sp 'inline' sp commit-ish lf
     data;
 
   new_tag ::= 'tag' sp tag_str lf
-    'from' sp committish lf
+    'from' sp commit-ish lf
     ('tagger' (sp name)? sp '<' email '>' sp when lf)?
     tag_msg;
   tag_msg ::= data;
 
   reset_branch ::= 'reset' sp ref_str lf
-    ('from' sp committish lf)?
+    ('from' sp commit-ish lf)?
     lf?;
 
   checkpoint ::= 'checkpoint' lf
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
      # stream formatting is: \, " and LF.  Otherwise these values
      # are UTF8.
      #
-  committish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
+  commit-ish  ::= (ref_str | hexsha1 | sha1exp_str | idnum);
   ref_str     ::= ref;
   sha1exp_str ::= sha1exp;
   tag_str     ::= tag;
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ Format of STDIN stream:
 
 #include "builtin.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "tree.h"
@@ -248,6 +249,7 @@ struct branch {
 	uintmax_t last_commit;
 	uintmax_t num_notes;
 	unsigned active : 1;
+	unsigned delete : 1;
 	unsigned pack_id : PACK_ID_BITS;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 };
@@ -297,7 +299,7 @@ static int failure;
 static FILE *pack_edges;
 static unsigned int show_stats = 1;
 static int global_argc;
-static const char **global_argv;
+static char **global_argv;
 
 /* Memory pools */
 static size_t mem_pool_alloc = 2*1024*1024 - sizeof(struct mem_pool);
@@ -370,8 +372,8 @@ static volatile sig_atomic_t checkpoint_requested;
 static int cat_blob_fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
 
 static void parse_argv(void);
-static void parse_cat_blob(void);
-static void parse_ls(struct branch *b);
+static void parse_cat_blob(const char *p);
+static void parse_ls(const char *p, struct branch *b);
 
 static void write_branch_report(FILE *rpt, struct branch *b)
 {
@@ -877,7 +879,7 @@ static void start_packfile(void)
 	pack_size = sizeof(hdr);
 	object_count = 0;
 
-	all_packs = xrealloc(all_packs, sizeof(*all_packs) * (pack_id + 1));
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(all_packs, pack_id + 1);
 	all_packs[pack_id] = p;
 }
 
@@ -945,10 +947,15 @@ static void unkeep_all_packs(void)
 
 static void end_packfile(void)
 {
-	struct packed_git *old_p = pack_data, *new_p;
+	static int running;
 
+	if (running || !pack_data)
+		return;
+
+	running = 1;
 	clear_delta_base_cache();
 	if (object_count) {
+		struct packed_git *new_p;
 		unsigned char cur_pack_sha1[20];
 		char *idx_name;
 		int i;
@@ -990,10 +997,12 @@ static void end_packfile(void)
 		pack_id++;
 	}
 	else {
-		close(old_p->pack_fd);
-		unlink_or_warn(old_p->pack_name);
+		close(pack_data->pack_fd);
+		unlink_or_warn(pack_data->pack_name);
 	}
-	free(old_p);
+	free(pack_data);
+	pack_data = NULL;
+	running = 0;
 
 	/* We can't carry a delta across packfiles. */
 	strbuf_release(&last_blob.data);
@@ -1053,7 +1062,6 @@ static int store_object(
 	} else
 		delta = NULL;
 
-	memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
 	git_deflate_init(&s, pack_compression_level);
 	if (delta) {
 		s.next_in = delta;
@@ -1081,7 +1089,6 @@ static int store_object(
 			free(delta);
 			delta = NULL;
 
-			memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
 			git_deflate_init(&s, pack_compression_level);
 			s.next_in = (void *)dat->buf;
 			s.avail_in = dat->len;
@@ -1181,7 +1188,6 @@ static void stream_blob(uintmax_t len, unsigned char *sha1out, uintmax_t mark)
 
 	crc32_begin(pack_file);
 
-	memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
 	git_deflate_init(&s, pack_compression_level);
 
 	hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(OBJ_BLOB, len, out_buf);
@@ -1418,7 +1424,7 @@ static void mktree(struct tree_content *t, int v, struct strbuf *b)
 
 static void store_tree(struct tree_entry *root)
 {
-	struct tree_content *t = root->tree;
+	struct tree_content *t;
 	unsigned int i, j, del;
 	struct last_object lo = { STRBUF_INIT, 0, 0, /* no_swap */ 1 };
 	struct object_entry *le = NULL;
@@ -1426,6 +1432,10 @@ static void store_tree(struct tree_entry *root)
 	if (!is_null_sha1(root->versions[1].sha1))
 		return;
 
+	if (!root->tree)
+		load_tree(root);
+	t = root->tree;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		if (t->entries[i]->tree)
 			store_tree(t->entries[i]);
@@ -1485,14 +1495,11 @@ static int tree_content_set(
 	unsigned int i, n;
 	struct tree_entry *e;
 
-	slash1 = strchr(p, '/');
-	if (slash1)
-		n = slash1 - p;
-	else
-		n = strlen(p);
+	slash1 = strchrnul(p, '/');
+	n = slash1 - p;
 	if (!n)
 		die("Empty path component found in input");
-	if (!slash1 && !S_ISDIR(mode) && subtree)
+	if (!*slash1 && !S_ISDIR(mode) && subtree)
 		die("Non-directories cannot have subtrees");
 
 	if (!root->tree)
@@ -1501,7 +1508,7 @@ static int tree_content_set(
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
 		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
-			if (!slash1) {
+			if (!*slash1) {
 				if (!S_ISDIR(mode)
 						&& e->versions[1].mode == mode
 						&& !hashcmp(e->versions[1].sha1, sha1))
@@ -1552,7 +1559,7 @@ static int tree_content_set(
 	e->versions[0].mode = 0;
 	hashclr(e->versions[0].sha1);
 	t->entries[t->entry_count++] = e;
-	if (slash1) {
+	if (*slash1) {
 		e->tree = new_tree_content(8);
 		e->versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
 		tree_content_set(e, slash1 + 1, sha1, mode, subtree);
@@ -1568,26 +1575,30 @@ static int tree_content_set(
 static int tree_content_remove(
 	struct tree_entry *root,
 	const char *p,
-	struct tree_entry *backup_leaf)
+	struct tree_entry *backup_leaf,
+	int allow_root)
 {
 	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
 	unsigned int i, n;
 	struct tree_entry *e;
 
-	slash1 = strchr(p, '/');
-	if (slash1)
-		n = slash1 - p;
-	else
-		n = strlen(p);
+	slash1 = strchrnul(p, '/');
+	n = slash1 - p;
 
 	if (!root->tree)
 		load_tree(root);
+
+	if (!*p && allow_root) {
+		e = root;
+		goto del_entry;
+	}
+
 	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
 		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
-			if (slash1 && !S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
+			if (*slash1 && !S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
 				/*
 				 * If p names a file in some subdirectory, and a
 				 * file or symlink matching the name of the
@@ -1595,11 +1606,11 @@ static int tree_content_remove(
 				 * exist and need not be deleted.
 				 */
 				return 1;
-			if (!slash1 || !S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
+			if (!*slash1 || !S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
 				goto del_entry;
 			if (!e->tree)
 				load_tree(e);
-			if (tree_content_remove(e, slash1 + 1, backup_leaf)) {
+			if (tree_content_remove(e, slash1 + 1, backup_leaf, 0)) {
 				for (n = 0; n < e->tree->entry_count; n++) {
 					if (e->tree->entries[n]->versions[1].mode) {
 						hashclr(root->versions[1].sha1);
@@ -1629,76 +1640,92 @@ del_entry:
 static int tree_content_get(
 	struct tree_entry *root,
 	const char *p,
-	struct tree_entry *leaf)
+	struct tree_entry *leaf,
+	int allow_root)
 {
 	struct tree_content *t;
 	const char *slash1;
 	unsigned int i, n;
 	struct tree_entry *e;
 
-	slash1 = strchr(p, '/');
-	if (slash1)
-		n = slash1 - p;
-	else
-		n = strlen(p);
+	slash1 = strchrnul(p, '/');
+	n = slash1 - p;
+	if (!n && !allow_root)
+		die("Empty path component found in input");
 
 	if (!root->tree)
 		load_tree(root);
+
+	if (!n) {
+		e = root;
+		goto found_entry;
+	}
+
 	t = root->tree;
 	for (i = 0; i < t->entry_count; i++) {
 		e = t->entries[i];
 		if (e->name->str_len == n && !strncmp_icase(p, e->name->str_dat, n)) {
-			if (!slash1) {
-				memcpy(leaf, e, sizeof(*leaf));
-				if (e->tree && is_null_sha1(e->versions[1].sha1))
-					leaf->tree = dup_tree_content(e->tree);
-				else
-					leaf->tree = NULL;
-				return 1;
-			}
+			if (!*slash1)
+				goto found_entry;
 			if (!S_ISDIR(e->versions[1].mode))
 				return 0;
 			if (!e->tree)
 				load_tree(e);
-			return tree_content_get(e, slash1 + 1, leaf);
+			return tree_content_get(e, slash1 + 1, leaf, 0);
 		}
 	}
 	return 0;
+
+found_entry:
+	memcpy(leaf, e, sizeof(*leaf));
+	if (e->tree && is_null_sha1(e->versions[1].sha1))
+		leaf->tree = dup_tree_content(e->tree);
+	else
+		leaf->tree = NULL;
+	return 1;
 }
 
 static int update_branch(struct branch *b)
 {
 	static const char *msg = "fast-import";
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
 	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (is_null_sha1(b->sha1))
-		return 0;
 	if (read_ref(b->name, old_sha1))
 		hashclr(old_sha1);
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(b->name, old_sha1, 0);
-	if (!lock)
-		return error("Unable to lock %s", b->name);
+	if (is_null_sha1(b->sha1)) {
+		if (b->delete)
+			delete_ref(b->name, old_sha1, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
 	if (!force_update && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1)) {
 		struct commit *old_cmit, *new_cmit;
 
 		old_cmit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(old_sha1, 0);
 		new_cmit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(b->sha1, 0);
-		if (!old_cmit || !new_cmit) {
-			unlock_ref(lock);
+		if (!old_cmit || !new_cmit)
 			return error("Branch %s is missing commits.", b->name);
-		}
 
-		if (!in_merge_bases(old_cmit, &new_cmit, 1)) {
-			unlock_ref(lock);
+		if (!in_merge_bases(old_cmit, new_cmit)) {
 			warning("Not updating %s"
 				" (new tip %s does not contain %s)",
 				b->name, sha1_to_hex(b->sha1), sha1_to_hex(old_sha1));
 			return -1;
 		}
 	}
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, b->sha1, msg) < 0)
-		return error("Unable to update %s", b->name);
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, b->name, b->sha1, old_sha1,
+				   0, msg, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1717,15 +1744,32 @@ static void dump_tags(void)
 {
 	static const char *msg = "fast-import";
 	struct tag *t;
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	char ref_name[PATH_MAX];
+	struct strbuf ref_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
 
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction) {
+		failure |= error("%s", err.buf);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
 	for (t = first_tag; t; t = t->next_tag) {
-		sprintf(ref_name, "tags/%s", t->name);
-		lock = lock_ref_sha1(ref_name, NULL);
-		if (!lock || write_ref_sha1(lock, t->sha1, msg) < 0)
-			failure |= error("Unable to update %s", ref_name);
+		strbuf_reset(&ref_name);
+		strbuf_addf(&ref_name, "refs/tags/%s", t->name);
+
+		if (ref_transaction_update(transaction, ref_name.buf,
+					   t->sha1, NULL, 0, msg, &err)) {
+			failure |= error("%s", err.buf);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
 	}
+	if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err))
+		failure |= error("%s", err.buf);
+
+ cleanup:
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&ref_name);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
 }
 
 static void dump_marks_helper(FILE *f,
@@ -1751,20 +1795,18 @@ static void dump_marks_helper(FILE *f,
 static void dump_marks(void)
 {
 	static struct lock_file mark_lock;
-	int mark_fd;
 	FILE *f;
 
 	if (!export_marks_file)
 		return;
 
-	mark_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&mark_lock, export_marks_file, 0);
-	if (mark_fd < 0) {
+	if (hold_lock_file_for_update(&mark_lock, export_marks_file, 0) < 0) {
 		failure |= error("Unable to write marks file %s: %s",
 			export_marks_file, strerror(errno));
 		return;
 	}
 
-	f = fdopen(mark_fd, "w");
+	f = fdopen_lock_file(&mark_lock, "w");
 	if (!f) {
 		int saved_errno = errno;
 		rollback_lock_file(&mark_lock);
@@ -1773,27 +1815,10 @@ static void dump_marks(void)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the lock file was fdopen()'ed, it should not be close()'ed.
-	 * Assign -1 to the lock file descriptor so that commit_lock_file()
-	 * won't try to close() it.
-	 */
-	mark_lock.fd = -1;
-
 	dump_marks_helper(f, 0, marks);
-	if (ferror(f) || fclose(f)) {
-		int saved_errno = errno;
-		rollback_lock_file(&mark_lock);
-		failure |= error("Unable to write marks file %s: %s",
-			export_marks_file, strerror(saved_errno));
-		return;
-	}
-
 	if (commit_lock_file(&mark_lock)) {
-		int saved_errno = errno;
-		rollback_lock_file(&mark_lock);
 		failure |= error("Unable to commit marks file %s: %s",
-			export_marks_file, strerror(saved_errno));
+			export_marks_file, strerror(errno));
 		return;
 	}
 }
@@ -1820,7 +1845,7 @@ static void read_marks(void)
 		*end = 0;
 		mark = strtoumax(line + 1, &end, 10);
 		if (!mark || end == line + 1
-			|| *end != ' ' || get_sha1(end + 1, sha1))
+			|| *end != ' ' || get_sha1_hex(end + 1, sha1))
 			die("corrupt mark line: %s", line);
 		e = find_object(sha1);
 		if (!e) {
@@ -1848,6 +1873,8 @@ static int read_next_command(void)
 	}
 
 	for (;;) {
+		const char *p;
+
 		if (unread_command_buf) {
 			unread_command_buf = 0;
 		} else {
@@ -1859,8 +1886,8 @@ static int read_next_command(void)
 				return EOF;
 
 			if (!seen_data_command
-				&& prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "feature ")
-				&& prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "option ")) {
+				&& !starts_with(command_buf.buf, "feature ")
+				&& !starts_with(command_buf.buf, "option ")) {
 				parse_argv();
 			}
 
@@ -1880,8 +1907,8 @@ static int read_next_command(void)
 			rc->prev->next = rc;
 			cmd_tail = rc;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "cat-blob ")) {
-			parse_cat_blob();
+		if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "cat-blob ", &p)) {
+			parse_cat_blob(p);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (command_buf.buf[0] == '#')
@@ -1899,8 +1926,9 @@ static void skip_optional_lf(void)
 
 static void parse_mark(void)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "mark :")) {
-		next_mark = strtoumax(command_buf.buf + 6, NULL, 10);
+	const char *v;
+	if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "mark :", &v)) {
+		next_mark = strtoumax(v, NULL, 10);
 		read_next_command();
 	}
 	else
@@ -1909,14 +1937,15 @@ static void parse_mark(void)
 
 static int parse_data(struct strbuf *sb, uintmax_t limit, uintmax_t *len_res)
 {
+	const char *data;
 	strbuf_reset(sb);
 
-	if (prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "data "))
+	if (!skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "data ", &data))
 		die("Expected 'data n' command, found: %s", command_buf.buf);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf + 5, "<<")) {
-		char *term = xstrdup(command_buf.buf + 5 + 2);
-		size_t term_len = command_buf.len - 5 - 2;
+	if (skip_prefix(data, "<<", &data)) {
+		char *term = xstrdup(data);
+		size_t term_len = command_buf.len - (data - command_buf.buf);
 
 		strbuf_detach(&command_buf, NULL);
 		for (;;) {
@@ -1931,7 +1960,7 @@ static int parse_data(struct strbuf *sb, uintmax_t limit, uintmax_t *len_res)
 		free(term);
 	}
 	else {
-		uintmax_t len = strtoumax(command_buf.buf + 5, NULL, 10);
+		uintmax_t len = strtoumax(data, NULL, 10);
 		size_t n = 0, length = (size_t)len;
 
 		if (limit && limit < len) {
@@ -1954,7 +1983,7 @@ static int parse_data(struct strbuf *sb, uintmax_t limit, uintmax_t *len_res)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int validate_raw_date(const char *src, char *result, int maxlen)
+static int validate_raw_date(const char *src, struct strbuf *result)
 {
 	const char *orig_src = src;
 	char *endp;
@@ -1972,11 +2001,10 @@ static int validate_raw_date(const char *src, char *result, int maxlen)
 		return -1;
 
 	num = strtoul(src + 1, &endp, 10);
-	if (errno || endp == src + 1 || *endp || (endp - orig_src) >= maxlen ||
-	    1400 < num)
+	if (errno || endp == src + 1 || *endp || 1400 < num)
 		return -1;
 
-	strcpy(result, orig_src);
+	strbuf_addstr(result, orig_src);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1984,7 +2012,7 @@ static char *parse_ident(const char *buf)
 {
 	const char *ltgt;
 	size_t name_len;
-	char *ident;
+	struct strbuf ident = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	/* ensure there is a space delimiter even if there is no name */
 	if (*buf == '<')
@@ -2003,26 +2031,25 @@ static char *parse_ident(const char *buf)
 		die("Missing space after > in ident string: %s", buf);
 	ltgt++;
 	name_len = ltgt - buf;
-	ident = xmalloc(name_len + 24);
-	strncpy(ident, buf, name_len);
+	strbuf_add(&ident, buf, name_len);
 
 	switch (whenspec) {
 	case WHENSPEC_RAW:
-		if (validate_raw_date(ltgt, ident + name_len, 24) < 0)
+		if (validate_raw_date(ltgt, &ident) < 0)
 			die("Invalid raw date \"%s\" in ident: %s", ltgt, buf);
 		break;
 	case WHENSPEC_RFC2822:
-		if (parse_date(ltgt, ident + name_len, 24) < 0)
+		if (parse_date(ltgt, &ident) < 0)
 			die("Invalid rfc2822 date \"%s\" in ident: %s", ltgt, buf);
 		break;
 	case WHENSPEC_NOW:
 		if (strcmp("now", ltgt))
 			die("Date in ident must be 'now': %s", buf);
-		datestamp(ident + name_len, 24);
+		datestamp(&ident);
 		break;
 	}
 
-	return ident;
+	return strbuf_detach(&ident, NULL);
 }
 
 static void parse_and_store_blob(
@@ -2177,7 +2204,7 @@ static uintmax_t do_change_note_fanout(
 			}
 
 			/* Rename fullpath to realpath */
-			if (!tree_content_remove(orig_root, fullpath, &leaf))
+			if (!tree_content_remove(orig_root, fullpath, &leaf, 0))
 				die("Failed to remove path %s", fullpath);
 			tree_content_set(orig_root, realpath,
 				leaf.versions[1].sha1,
@@ -2205,12 +2232,64 @@ static uintmax_t change_note_fanout(struct tree_entry *root,
 	return do_change_note_fanout(root, root, hex_sha1, 0, path, 0, fanout);
 }
 
-static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
+/*
+ * Given a pointer into a string, parse a mark reference:
+ *
+ *   idnum ::= ':' bigint;
+ *
+ * Return the first character after the value in *endptr.
+ *
+ * Complain if the following character is not what is expected,
+ * either a space or end of the string.
+ */
+static uintmax_t parse_mark_ref(const char *p, char **endptr)
+{
+	uintmax_t mark;
+
+	assert(*p == ':');
+	p++;
+	mark = strtoumax(p, endptr, 10);
+	if (*endptr == p)
+		die("No value after ':' in mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+	return mark;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse the mark reference, and complain if this is not the end of
+ * the string.
+ */
+static uintmax_t parse_mark_ref_eol(const char *p)
+{
+	char *end;
+	uintmax_t mark;
+
+	mark = parse_mark_ref(p, &end);
+	if (*end != '\0')
+		die("Garbage after mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+	return mark;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse the mark reference, demanding a trailing space.  Return a
+ * pointer to the space.
+ */
+static uintmax_t parse_mark_ref_space(const char **p)
+{
+	uintmax_t mark;
+	char *end;
+
+	mark = parse_mark_ref(*p, &end);
+	if (*end++ != ' ')
+		die("Missing space after mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+	*p = end;
+	return mark;
+}
+
+static void file_change_m(const char *p, struct branch *b)
 {
-	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *endp;
-	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	uint16_t mode, inline_data = 0;
 
@@ -2233,21 +2312,19 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 	}
 
 	if (*p == ':') {
-		char *x;
-		oe = find_mark(strtoumax(p + 1, &x, 10));
+		oe = find_mark(parse_mark_ref_space(&p));
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
-		p = x;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline")) {
+	} else if (skip_prefix(p, "inline ", &p)) {
 		inline_data = 1;
-		p += 6;
+		oe = NULL; /* not used with inline_data, but makes gcc happy */
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
-			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+			die("Invalid dataref: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		oe = find_object(sha1);
 		p += 40;
+		if (*p++ != ' ')
+			die("Missing space after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
-	if (*p++ != ' ')
-		die("Missing space after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
 
 	strbuf_reset(&uq);
 	if (!unquote_c_style(&uq, p, &endp)) {
@@ -2257,8 +2334,8 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 	}
 
 	/* Git does not track empty, non-toplevel directories. */
-	if (S_ISDIR(mode) && !memcmp(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN, 20) && *p) {
-		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL);
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode) && !hashcmp(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN) && *p) {
+		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -2307,9 +2384,8 @@ static void file_change_m(struct branch *b)
 	tree_content_set(&b->branch_tree, p, sha1, mode, NULL);
 }
 
-static void file_change_d(struct branch *b)
+static void file_change_d(const char *p, struct branch *b)
 {
-	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *endp;
 
@@ -2319,18 +2395,17 @@ static void file_change_d(struct branch *b)
 			die("Garbage after path in: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		p = uq.buf;
 	}
-	tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL);
+	tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, p, NULL, 1);
 }
 
-static void file_change_cr(struct branch *b, int rename)
+static void file_change_cr(const char *s, struct branch *b, int rename)
 {
-	const char *s, *d;
+	const char *d;
 	static struct strbuf s_uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	static struct strbuf d_uq = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *endp;
 	struct tree_entry leaf;
 
-	s = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	strbuf_reset(&s_uq);
 	if (!unquote_c_style(&s_uq, s, &endp)) {
 		if (*endp != ' ')
@@ -2357,9 +2432,9 @@ static void file_change_cr(struct branch *b, int rename)
 
 	memset(&leaf, 0, sizeof(leaf));
 	if (rename)
-		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
+		tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf, 1);
 	else
-		tree_content_get(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf);
+		tree_content_get(&b->branch_tree, s, &leaf, 1);
 	if (!leaf.versions[1].mode)
 		die("Path %s not in branch", s);
 	if (!*d) {	/* C "path/to/subdir" "" */
@@ -2375,11 +2450,10 @@ static void file_change_cr(struct branch *b, int rename)
 		leaf.tree);
 }
 
-static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
+static void note_change_n(const char *p, struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 {
-	const char *p = command_buf.buf + 2;
 	static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
+	struct object_entry *oe;
 	struct branch *s;
 	unsigned char sha1[20], commit_sha1[20];
 	char path[60];
@@ -2405,30 +2479,28 @@ static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 	/* Now parse the notemodify command. */
 	/* <dataref> or 'inline' */
 	if (*p == ':') {
-		char *x;
-		oe = find_mark(strtoumax(p + 1, &x, 10));
+		oe = find_mark(parse_mark_ref_space(&p));
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
-		p = x;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(p, "inline")) {
+	} else if (skip_prefix(p, "inline ", &p)) {
 		inline_data = 1;
-		p += 6;
+		oe = NULL; /* not used with inline_data, but makes gcc happy */
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
-			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+			die("Invalid dataref: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		oe = find_object(sha1);
 		p += 40;
+		if (*p++ != ' ')
+			die("Missing space after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
-	if (*p++ != ' ')
-		die("Missing space after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
 
-	/* <committish> */
+	/* <commit-ish> */
 	s = lookup_branch(p);
 	if (s) {
 		if (is_null_sha1(s->sha1))
 			die("Can't add a note on empty branch.");
 		hashcpy(commit_sha1, s->sha1);
 	} else if (*p == ':') {
-		uintmax_t commit_mark = strtoumax(p + 1, NULL, 10);
+		uintmax_t commit_mark = parse_mark_ref_eol(p);
 		struct object_entry *commit_oe = find_mark(commit_mark);
 		if (commit_oe->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 			die("Mark :%" PRIuMAX " not a commit", commit_mark);
@@ -2464,7 +2536,7 @@ static void note_change_n(struct branch *b, unsigned char *old_fanout)
 	}
 
 	construct_path_with_fanout(sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1), *old_fanout, path);
-	if (tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, path, NULL))
+	if (tree_content_remove(&b->branch_tree, path, NULL, 0))
 		b->num_notes--;
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
@@ -2517,7 +2589,7 @@ static int parse_from(struct branch *b)
 	const char *from;
 	struct branch *s;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "from "))
+	if (!skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "from ", &from))
 		return 0;
 
 	if (b->branch_tree.tree) {
@@ -2525,7 +2597,6 @@ static int parse_from(struct branch *b)
 		b->branch_tree.tree = NULL;
 	}
 
-	from = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
 	s = lookup_branch(from);
 	if (b == s)
 		die("Can't create a branch from itself: %s", b->name);
@@ -2535,7 +2606,7 @@ static int parse_from(struct branch *b)
 		hashcpy(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1, t);
 		hashcpy(b->branch_tree.versions[1].sha1, t);
 	} else if (*from == ':') {
-		uintmax_t idnum = strtoumax(from + 1, NULL, 10);
+		uintmax_t idnum = parse_mark_ref_eol(from);
 		struct object_entry *oe = find_mark(idnum);
 		if (oe->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 			die("Mark :%" PRIuMAX " not a commit", idnum);
@@ -2547,8 +2618,11 @@ static int parse_from(struct branch *b)
 			free(buf);
 		} else
 			parse_from_existing(b);
-	} else if (!get_sha1(from, b->sha1))
+	} else if (!get_sha1(from, b->sha1)) {
 		parse_from_existing(b);
+		if (is_null_sha1(b->sha1))
+			b->delete = 1;
+	}
 	else
 		die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", from);
 
@@ -2558,19 +2632,18 @@ static int parse_from(struct branch *b)
 
 static struct hash_list *parse_merge(unsigned int *count)
 {
-	struct hash_list *list = NULL, *n, *e = e;
+	struct hash_list *list = NULL, **tail = &list, *n;
 	const char *from;
 	struct branch *s;
 
 	*count = 0;
-	while (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "merge ")) {
-		from = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
+	while (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "merge ", &from)) {
 		n = xmalloc(sizeof(*n));
 		s = lookup_branch(from);
 		if (s)
 			hashcpy(n->sha1, s->sha1);
 		else if (*from == ':') {
-			uintmax_t idnum = strtoumax(from + 1, NULL, 10);
+			uintmax_t idnum = parse_mark_ref_eol(from);
 			struct object_entry *oe = find_mark(idnum);
 			if (oe->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 				die("Mark :%" PRIuMAX " not a commit", idnum);
@@ -2586,42 +2659,38 @@ static struct hash_list *parse_merge(unsigned int *count)
 			die("Invalid ref name or SHA1 expression: %s", from);
 
 		n->next = NULL;
-		if (list)
-			e->next = n;
-		else
-			list = n;
-		e = n;
+		*tail = n;
+		tail = &n->next;
+
 		(*count)++;
 		read_next_command();
 	}
 	return list;
 }
 
-static void parse_new_commit(void)
+static void parse_new_commit(const char *arg)
 {
 	static struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct branch *b;
-	char *sp;
 	char *author = NULL;
 	char *committer = NULL;
 	struct hash_list *merge_list = NULL;
 	unsigned int merge_count;
 	unsigned char prev_fanout, new_fanout;
+	const char *v;
 
-	/* Obtain the branch name from the rest of our command */
-	sp = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
-	b = lookup_branch(sp);
+	b = lookup_branch(arg);
 	if (!b)
-		b = new_branch(sp);
+		b = new_branch(arg);
 
 	read_next_command();
 	parse_mark();
-	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "author ")) {
-		author = parse_ident(command_buf.buf + 7);
+	if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "author ", &v)) {
+		author = parse_ident(v);
 		read_next_command();
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "committer ")) {
-		committer = parse_ident(command_buf.buf + 10);
+	if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "committer ", &v)) {
+		committer = parse_ident(v);
 		read_next_command();
 	}
 	if (!committer)
@@ -2641,20 +2710,20 @@ static void parse_new_commit(void)
 
 	/* file_change* */
 	while (command_buf.len > 0) {
-		if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "M "))
-			file_change_m(b);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "D "))
-			file_change_d(b);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "R "))
-			file_change_cr(b, 1);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "C "))
-			file_change_cr(b, 0);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "N "))
-			note_change_n(b, &prev_fanout);
+		if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "M ", &v))
+			file_change_m(v, b);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "D ", &v))
+			file_change_d(v, b);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "R ", &v))
+			file_change_cr(v, b, 1);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "C ", &v))
+			file_change_cr(v, b, 0);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "N ", &v))
+			note_change_n(v, b, &prev_fanout);
 		else if (!strcmp("deleteall", command_buf.buf))
 			file_change_deleteall(b);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "ls "))
-			parse_ls(b);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "ls ", &v))
+			parse_ls(v, b);
 		else {
 			unread_command_buf = 1;
 			break;
@@ -2697,10 +2766,9 @@ static void parse_new_commit(void)
 	b->last_commit = object_count_by_type[OBJ_COMMIT];
 }
 
-static void parse_new_tag(void)
+static void parse_new_tag(const char *arg)
 {
 	static struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-	char *sp;
 	const char *from;
 	char *tagger;
 	struct branch *s;
@@ -2708,12 +2776,11 @@ static void parse_new_tag(void)
 	uintmax_t from_mark = 0;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	enum object_type type;
+	const char *v;
 
-	/* Obtain the new tag name from the rest of our command */
-	sp = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
 	t = pool_alloc(sizeof(struct tag));
 	memset(t, 0, sizeof(struct tag));
-	t->name = pool_strdup(sp);
+	t->name = pool_strdup(arg);
 	if (last_tag)
 		last_tag->next_tag = t;
 	else
@@ -2722,9 +2789,8 @@ static void parse_new_tag(void)
 	read_next_command();
 
 	/* from ... */
-	if (prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "from "))
+	if (!skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "from ", &from))
 		die("Expected from command, got %s", command_buf.buf);
-	from = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
 	s = lookup_branch(from);
 	if (s) {
 		if (is_null_sha1(s->sha1))
@@ -2733,7 +2799,7 @@ static void parse_new_tag(void)
 		type = OBJ_COMMIT;
 	} else if (*from == ':') {
 		struct object_entry *oe;
-		from_mark = strtoumax(from + 1, NULL, 10);
+		from_mark = parse_mark_ref_eol(from);
 		oe = find_mark(from_mark);
 		type = oe->type;
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
@@ -2750,8 +2816,8 @@ static void parse_new_tag(void)
 	read_next_command();
 
 	/* tagger ... */
-	if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "tagger ")) {
-		tagger = parse_ident(command_buf.buf + 7);
+	if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "tagger ", &v)) {
+		tagger = parse_ident(v);
 		read_next_command();
 	} else
 		tagger = NULL;
@@ -2780,14 +2846,11 @@ static void parse_new_tag(void)
 		t->pack_id = pack_id;
 }
 
-static void parse_reset_branch(void)
+static void parse_reset_branch(const char *arg)
 {
 	struct branch *b;
-	char *sp;
 
-	/* Obtain the branch name from the rest of our command */
-	sp = strchr(command_buf.buf, ' ') + 1;
-	b = lookup_branch(sp);
+	b = lookup_branch(arg);
 	if (b) {
 		hashclr(b->sha1);
 		hashclr(b->branch_tree.versions[0].sha1);
@@ -2798,7 +2861,7 @@ static void parse_reset_branch(void)
 		}
 	}
 	else
-		b = new_branch(sp);
+		b = new_branch(arg);
 	read_next_command();
 	parse_from(b);
 	if (command_buf.len > 0)
@@ -2856,27 +2919,20 @@ static void cat_blob(struct object_entry *oe, unsigned char sha1[20])
 		free(buf);
 }
 
-static void parse_cat_blob(void)
+static void parse_cat_blob(const char *p)
 {
-	const char *p;
 	struct object_entry *oe = oe;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	/* cat-blob SP <object> LF */
-	p = command_buf.buf + strlen("cat-blob ");
 	if (*p == ':') {
-		char *x;
-		oe = find_mark(strtoumax(p + 1, &x, 10));
-		if (x == p + 1)
-			die("Invalid mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		oe = find_mark(parse_mark_ref_eol(p));
 		if (!oe)
 			die("Unknown mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
-		if (*x)
-			die("Garbage after mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		hashcpy(sha1, oe->idx.sha1);
 	} else {
 		if (get_sha1_hex(p, sha1))
-			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+			die("Invalid dataref: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		if (p[40])
 			die("Garbage after SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		oe = find_object(sha1);
@@ -2907,7 +2963,7 @@ static struct object_entry *dereference(struct object_entry *oe,
 	case OBJ_TAG:
 		break;
 	default:
-		die("Not a treeish: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		die("Not a tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
 
 	if (oe->pack_id != MAX_PACK_ID) {	/* in a pack being written */
@@ -2942,19 +2998,17 @@ static struct object_entry *parse_treeish_dataref(const char **p)
 	struct object_entry *e;
 
 	if (**p == ':') {	/* <mark> */
-		char *endptr;
-		e = find_mark(strtoumax(*p + 1, &endptr, 10));
-		if (endptr == *p + 1)
-			die("Invalid mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
+		e = find_mark(parse_mark_ref_space(p));
 		if (!e)
 			die("Unknown mark: %s", command_buf.buf);
-		*p = endptr;
 		hashcpy(sha1, e->idx.sha1);
 	} else {	/* <sha1> */
 		if (get_sha1_hex(*p, sha1))
-			die("Invalid SHA1: %s", command_buf.buf);
+			die("Invalid dataref: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		e = find_object(sha1);
 		*p += 40;
+		if (*(*p)++ != ' ')
+			die("Missing space after tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
 
 	while (!e || e->type != OBJ_TREE)
@@ -2989,14 +3043,12 @@ static void print_ls(int mode, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path)
 	cat_blob_write(line.buf, line.len);
 }
 
-static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
+static void parse_ls(const char *p, struct branch *b)
 {
-	const char *p;
 	struct tree_entry *root = NULL;
 	struct tree_entry leaf = {NULL};
 
-	/* ls SP (<treeish> SP)? <path> */
-	p = command_buf.buf + strlen("ls ");
+	/* ls SP (<tree-ish> SP)? <path> */
 	if (*p == '"') {
 		if (!b)
 			die("Not in a commit: %s", command_buf.buf);
@@ -3005,9 +3057,9 @@ static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
 		struct object_entry *e = parse_treeish_dataref(&p);
 		root = new_tree_entry();
 		hashcpy(root->versions[1].sha1, e->idx.sha1);
+		if (!is_null_sha1(root->versions[1].sha1))
+			root->versions[1].mode = S_IFDIR;
 		load_tree(root);
-		if (*p++ != ' ')
-			die("Missing space after tree-ish: %s", command_buf.buf);
 	}
 	if (*p == '"') {
 		static struct strbuf uq = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -3019,7 +3071,7 @@ static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
 			die("Garbage after path in: %s", command_buf.buf);
 		p = uq.buf;
 	}
-	tree_content_get(root, p, &leaf);
+	tree_content_get(root, p, &leaf, 1);
 	/*
 	 * A directory in preparation would have a sha1 of zero
 	 * until it is saved.  Save, for simplicity.
@@ -3028,6 +3080,8 @@ static void parse_ls(struct branch *b)
 		store_tree(&leaf);
 
 	print_ls(leaf.versions[1].mode, leaf.versions[1].sha1, p);
+	if (leaf.tree)
+		release_tree_content_recursive(leaf.tree);
 	if (!b || root != &b->branch_tree)
 		release_tree_entry(root);
 }
@@ -3143,9 +3197,9 @@ static void option_export_pack_edges(const char *edges)
 
 static int parse_one_option(const char *option)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(option, "max-pack-size=")) {
+	if (skip_prefix(option, "max-pack-size=", &option)) {
 		unsigned long v;
-		if (!git_parse_ulong(option + 14, &v))
+		if (!git_parse_ulong(option, &v))
 			return 0;
 		if (v < 8192) {
 			warning("max-pack-size is now in bytes, assuming --max-pack-size=%lum", v);
@@ -3155,20 +3209,20 @@ static int parse_one_option(const char *option)
 			v = 1024 * 1024;
 		}
 		max_packsize = v;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "big-file-threshold=")) {
+	} else if (skip_prefix(option, "big-file-threshold=", &option)) {
 		unsigned long v;
-		if (!git_parse_ulong(option + 19, &v))
+		if (!git_parse_ulong(option, &v))
 			return 0;
 		big_file_threshold = v;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "depth=")) {
-		option_depth(option + 6);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "active-branches=")) {
-		option_active_branches(option + 16);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "export-pack-edges=")) {
-		option_export_pack_edges(option + 18);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "quiet")) {
+	} else if (skip_prefix(option, "depth=", &option)) {
+		option_depth(option);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(option, "active-branches=", &option)) {
+		option_active_branches(option);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(option, "export-pack-edges=", &option)) {
+		option_export_pack_edges(option);
+	} else if (starts_with(option, "quiet")) {
 		show_stats = 0;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(option, "stats")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(option, "stats")) {
 		show_stats = 1;
 	} else {
 		return 0;
@@ -3179,15 +3233,16 @@ static int parse_one_option(const char *option)
 
 static int parse_one_feature(const char *feature, int from_stream)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(feature, "date-format=")) {
-		option_date_format(feature + 12);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "import-marks=")) {
-		option_import_marks(feature + 13, from_stream, 0);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "import-marks-if-exists=")) {
-		option_import_marks(feature + strlen("import-marks-if-exists="),
-					from_stream, 1);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(feature, "export-marks=")) {
-		option_export_marks(feature + 13);
+	const char *arg;
+
+	if (skip_prefix(feature, "date-format=", &arg)) {
+		option_date_format(arg);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(feature, "import-marks=", &arg)) {
+		option_import_marks(arg, from_stream, 0);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(feature, "import-marks-if-exists=", &arg)) {
+		option_import_marks(arg, from_stream, 1);
+	} else if (skip_prefix(feature, "export-marks=", &arg)) {
+		option_export_marks(arg);
 	} else if (!strcmp(feature, "cat-blob")) {
 		; /* Don't die - this feature is supported */
 	} else if (!strcmp(feature, "relative-marks")) {
@@ -3207,10 +3262,8 @@ static int parse_one_feature(const char *feature, int from_stream)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void parse_feature(void)
+static void parse_feature(const char *feature)
 {
-	char *feature = command_buf.buf + 8;
-
 	if (seen_data_command)
 		die("Got feature command '%s' after data command", feature);
 
@@ -3220,10 +3273,8 @@ static void parse_feature(void)
 	die("This version of fast-import does not support feature %s.", feature);
 }
 
-static void parse_option(void)
+static void parse_option(const char *option)
 {
-	char *option = command_buf.buf + 11;
-
 	if (seen_data_command)
 		die("Got option command '%s' after data command", option);
 
@@ -3233,36 +3284,34 @@ static void parse_option(void)
 	die("This version of fast-import does not support option: %s", option);
 }
 
-static int git_pack_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+static void git_pack_config(void)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.depth")) {
-		max_depth = git_config_int(k, v);
+	int indexversion_value;
+	unsigned long packsizelimit_value;
+
+	if (!git_config_get_ulong("pack.depth", &max_depth)) {
 		if (max_depth > MAX_DEPTH)
 			max_depth = MAX_DEPTH;
-		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.compression")) {
-		int level = git_config_int(k, v);
-		if (level == -1)
-			level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
-		else if (level < 0 || level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
-			die("bad pack compression level %d", level);
-		pack_compression_level = level;
+	if (!git_config_get_int("pack.compression", &pack_compression_level)) {
+		if (pack_compression_level == -1)
+			pack_compression_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+		else if (pack_compression_level < 0 ||
+			 pack_compression_level > Z_BEST_COMPRESSION)
+			git_die_config("pack.compression",
+					"bad pack compression level %d", pack_compression_level);
 		pack_compression_seen = 1;
-		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.indexversion")) {
-		pack_idx_opts.version = git_config_int(k, v);
+	if (!git_config_get_int("pack.indexversion", &indexversion_value)) {
+		pack_idx_opts.version = indexversion_value;
 		if (pack_idx_opts.version > 2)
-			die("bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32,
-			    pack_idx_opts.version);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(k, "pack.packsizelimit")) {
-		max_packsize = git_config_ulong(k, v);
-		return 0;
+			git_die_config("pack.indexversion",
+					"bad pack.indexversion=%"PRIu32, pack_idx_opts.version);
 	}
-	return git_default_config(k, v, cb);
+	if (!git_config_get_ulong("pack.packsizelimit", &packsizelimit_value))
+		max_packsize = packsizelimit_value;
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 }
 
 static const char fast_import_usage[] =
@@ -3278,18 +3327,21 @@ static void parse_argv(void)
 		if (*a != '-' || !strcmp(a, "--"))
 			break;
 
-		if (parse_one_option(a + 2))
+		if (!skip_prefix(a, "--", &a))
+			die("unknown option %s", a);
+
+		if (parse_one_option(a))
 			continue;
 
-		if (parse_one_feature(a + 2, 0))
+		if (parse_one_feature(a, 0))
 			continue;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(a + 2, "cat-blob-fd=")) {
-			option_cat_blob_fd(a + 2 + strlen("cat-blob-fd="));
+		if (skip_prefix(a, "cat-blob-fd=", &a)) {
+			option_cat_blob_fd(a);
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		die("unknown option %s", a);
+		die("unknown option --%s", a);
 	}
 	if (i != global_argc)
 		usage(fast_import_usage);
@@ -3299,7 +3351,7 @@ static void parse_argv(void)
 		read_marks();
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	unsigned int i;
 
@@ -3312,7 +3364,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 
 	setup_git_directory();
 	reset_pack_idx_option(&pack_idx_opts);
-	git_config(git_pack_config, NULL);
+	git_pack_config();
 	if (!pack_compression_seen && core_compression_seen)
 		pack_compression_level = core_compression_level;
 
@@ -3336,27 +3388,28 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	set_die_routine(die_nicely);
 	set_checkpoint_signal();
 	while (read_next_command() != EOF) {
+		const char *v;
 		if (!strcmp("blob", command_buf.buf))
 			parse_new_blob();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "ls "))
-			parse_ls(NULL);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "commit "))
-			parse_new_commit();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "tag "))
-			parse_new_tag();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "reset "))
-			parse_reset_branch();
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "ls ", &v))
+			parse_ls(v, NULL);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "commit ", &v))
+			parse_new_commit(v);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "tag ", &v))
+			parse_new_tag(v);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "reset ", &v))
+			parse_reset_branch(v);
 		else if (!strcmp("checkpoint", command_buf.buf))
 			parse_checkpoint();
 		else if (!strcmp("done", command_buf.buf))
 			break;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "progress "))
+		else if (starts_with(command_buf.buf, "progress "))
 			parse_progress();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "feature "))
-			parse_feature();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "option git "))
-			parse_option();
-		else if (!prefixcmp(command_buf.buf, "option "))
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "feature ", &v))
+			parse_feature(v);
+		else if (skip_prefix(command_buf.buf, "option git ", &v))
+			parse_option(v);
+		else if (starts_with(command_buf.buf, "option "))
 			/* ignore non-git options*/;
 		else
 			die("Unsupported command: %s", command_buf.buf);
diff --git a/fetch-pack.c b/fetch-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48526aa54b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fetch-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1037 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "connect.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+
+static int transfer_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int fetch_unpack_limit = -1;
+static int unpack_limit = 100;
+static int prefer_ofs_delta = 1;
+static int no_done;
+static int fetch_fsck_objects = -1;
+static int transfer_fsck_objects = -1;
+static int agent_supported;
+static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
+static const char *alternate_shallow_file;
+
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
+#define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
+#define COMMON		(1U << 1)
+#define COMMON_REF	(1U << 2)
+#define SEEN		(1U << 3)
+#define POPPED		(1U << 4)
+
+static int marked;
+
+/*
+ * After sending this many "have"s if we do not get any new ACK , we
+ * give up traversing our history.
+ */
+#define MAX_IN_VAIN 256
+
+static struct prio_queue rev_list = { compare_commits_by_commit_date };
+static int non_common_revs, multi_ack, use_sideband, allow_tip_sha1_in_want;
+
+static void rev_list_push(struct commit *commit, int mark)
+{
+	if (!(commit->object.flags & mark)) {
+		commit->object.flags |= mark;
+
+		if (parse_commit(commit))
+			return;
+
+		prio_queue_put(&rev_list, commit);
+
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
+			non_common_revs++;
+	}
+}
+
+static int rev_list_insert_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
+
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, SEEN);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int clear_marks(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), refname, 0);
+
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		clear_commit_marks((struct commit *)o,
+				   COMMON | COMMON_REF | SEEN | POPPED);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+   This function marks a rev and its ancestors as common.
+   In some cases, it is desirable to mark only the ancestors (for example
+   when only the server does not yet know that they are common).
+*/
+
+static void mark_common(struct commit *commit,
+		int ancestors_only, int dont_parse)
+{
+	if (commit != NULL && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
+		struct object *o = (struct object *)commit;
+
+		if (!ancestors_only)
+			o->flags |= COMMON;
+
+		if (!(o->flags & SEEN))
+			rev_list_push(commit, SEEN);
+		else {
+			struct commit_list *parents;
+
+			if (!ancestors_only && !(o->flags & POPPED))
+				non_common_revs--;
+			if (!o->parsed && !dont_parse)
+				if (parse_commit(commit))
+					return;
+
+			for (parents = commit->parents;
+					parents;
+					parents = parents->next)
+				mark_common(parents->item, 0, dont_parse);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+  Get the next rev to send, ignoring the common.
+*/
+
+static const unsigned char *get_rev(void)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+
+	while (commit == NULL) {
+		unsigned int mark;
+		struct commit_list *parents;
+
+		if (rev_list.nr == 0 || non_common_revs == 0)
+			return NULL;
+
+		commit = prio_queue_get(&rev_list);
+		parse_commit(commit);
+		parents = commit->parents;
+
+		commit->object.flags |= POPPED;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMMON))
+			non_common_revs--;
+
+		if (commit->object.flags & COMMON) {
+			/* do not send "have", and ignore ancestors */
+			commit = NULL;
+			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
+		} else if (commit->object.flags & COMMON_REF)
+			/* send "have", and ignore ancestors */
+			mark = COMMON | SEEN;
+		else
+			/* send "have", also for its ancestors */
+			mark = SEEN;
+
+		while (parents) {
+			if (!(parents->item->object.flags & SEEN))
+				rev_list_push(parents->item, mark);
+			if (mark & COMMON)
+				mark_common(parents->item, 1, 0);
+			parents = parents->next;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return commit->object.sha1;
+}
+
+enum ack_type {
+	NAK = 0,
+	ACK,
+	ACK_continue,
+	ACK_common,
+	ACK_ready
+};
+
+static void consume_shallow_list(struct fetch_pack_args *args, int fd)
+{
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && args->depth > 0) {
+		/* If we sent a depth we will get back "duplicate"
+		 * shallow and unshallow commands every time there
+		 * is a block of have lines exchanged.
+		 */
+		char *line;
+		while ((line = packet_read_line(fd, NULL))) {
+			if (starts_with(line, "shallow "))
+				continue;
+			if (starts_with(line, "unshallow "))
+				continue;
+			die("git fetch-pack: expected shallow list");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static enum ack_type get_ack(int fd, unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	int len;
+	char *line = packet_read_line(fd, &len);
+	const char *arg;
+
+	if (!len)
+		die("git fetch-pack: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF");
+	if (!strcmp(line, "NAK"))
+		return NAK;
+	if (skip_prefix(line, "ACK ", &arg)) {
+		if (!get_sha1_hex(arg, result_sha1)) {
+			arg += 40;
+			len -= arg - line;
+			if (len < 1)
+				return ACK;
+			if (strstr(arg, "continue"))
+				return ACK_continue;
+			if (strstr(arg, "common"))
+				return ACK_common;
+			if (strstr(arg, "ready"))
+				return ACK_ready;
+			return ACK;
+		}
+	}
+	die("git fetch_pack: expected ACK/NAK, got '%s'", line);
+}
+
+static void send_request(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			 int fd, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		send_sideband(fd, -1, buf->buf, buf->len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		packet_flush(fd);
+	} else
+		write_or_die(fd, buf->buf, buf->len);
+}
+
+static void insert_one_alternate_ref(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
+{
+	rev_list_insert_ref(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+#define INITIAL_FLUSH 16
+#define PIPESAFE_FLUSH 32
+#define LARGE_FLUSH 1024
+
+static int next_flush(struct fetch_pack_args *args, int count)
+{
+	int flush_limit = args->stateless_rpc ? LARGE_FLUSH : PIPESAFE_FLUSH;
+
+	if (count < flush_limit)
+		count <<= 1;
+	else
+		count += flush_limit;
+	return count;
+}
+
+static int find_common(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		       int fd[2], unsigned char *result_sha1,
+		       struct ref *refs)
+{
+	int fetching;
+	int count = 0, flushes = 0, flush_at = INITIAL_FLUSH, retval;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	unsigned in_vain = 0;
+	int got_continue = 0;
+	int got_ready = 0;
+	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t state_len = 0;
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && multi_ack == 1)
+		die("--stateless-rpc requires multi_ack_detailed");
+	if (marked)
+		for_each_ref(clear_marks, NULL);
+	marked = 1;
+
+	for_each_ref(rev_list_insert_ref, NULL);
+	for_each_alternate_ref(insert_one_alternate_ref, NULL);
+
+	fetching = 0;
+	for ( ; refs ; refs = refs->next) {
+		unsigned char *remote = refs->old_sha1;
+		const char *remote_hex;
+		struct object *o;
+
+		/*
+		 * If that object is complete (i.e. it is an ancestor of a
+		 * local ref), we tell them we have it but do not have to
+		 * tell them about its ancestors, which they already know
+		 * about.
+		 *
+		 * We use lookup_object here because we are only
+		 * interested in the case we *know* the object is
+		 * reachable and we have already scanned it.
+		 */
+		if (((o = lookup_object(remote)) != NULL) &&
+				(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		remote_hex = sha1_to_hex(remote);
+		if (!fetching) {
+			struct strbuf c = STRBUF_INIT;
+			if (multi_ack == 2)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack_detailed");
+			if (multi_ack == 1)     strbuf_addstr(&c, " multi_ack");
+			if (no_done)            strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-done");
+			if (use_sideband == 2)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band-64k");
+			if (use_sideband == 1)  strbuf_addstr(&c, " side-band");
+			if (args->use_thin_pack) strbuf_addstr(&c, " thin-pack");
+			if (args->no_progress)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " no-progress");
+			if (args->include_tag)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " include-tag");
+			if (prefer_ofs_delta)   strbuf_addstr(&c, " ofs-delta");
+			if (agent_supported)    strbuf_addf(&c, " agent=%s",
+							    git_user_agent_sanitized());
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s%s\n", remote_hex, c.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&c);
+		} else
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "want %s\n", remote_hex);
+		fetching++;
+	}
+
+	if (!fetching) {
+		strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		write_shallow_commits(&req_buf, 1, NULL);
+	if (args->depth > 0)
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "deepen %d", args->depth);
+	packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+	state_len = req_buf.len;
+
+	if (args->depth > 0) {
+		char *line;
+		const char *arg;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+		while ((line = packet_read_line(fd[0], NULL))) {
+			if (skip_prefix(line, "shallow ", &arg)) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(arg, sha1))
+					die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
+				register_shallow(sha1);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (skip_prefix(line, "unshallow ", &arg)) {
+				if (get_sha1_hex(arg, sha1))
+					die("invalid unshallow line: %s", line);
+				if (!lookup_object(sha1))
+					die("object not found: %s", line);
+				/* make sure that it is parsed as shallow */
+				if (!parse_object(sha1))
+					die("error in object: %s", line);
+				if (unregister_shallow(sha1))
+					die("no shallow found: %s", line);
+				continue;
+			}
+			die("expected shallow/unshallow, got %s", line);
+		}
+	} else if (!args->stateless_rpc)
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+
+	if (!args->stateless_rpc) {
+		/* If we aren't using the stateless-rpc interface
+		 * we don't need to retain the headers.
+		 */
+		strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, 0);
+		state_len = 0;
+	}
+
+	flushes = 0;
+	retval = -1;
+	while ((sha1 = get_rev())) {
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "have %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		in_vain++;
+		if (flush_at <= ++count) {
+			int ack;
+
+			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+			send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+			strbuf_setlen(&req_buf, state_len);
+			flushes++;
+			flush_at = next_flush(args, count);
+
+			/*
+			 * We keep one window "ahead" of the other side, and
+			 * will wait for an ACK only on the next one
+			 */
+			if (!args->stateless_rpc && count == INITIAL_FLUSH)
+				continue;
+
+			consume_shallow_list(args, fd[0]);
+			do {
+				ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
+				if (args->verbose && ack)
+					fprintf(stderr, "got ack %d %s\n", ack,
+							sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+				switch (ack) {
+				case ACK:
+					flushes = 0;
+					multi_ack = 0;
+					retval = 0;
+					goto done;
+				case ACK_common:
+				case ACK_ready:
+				case ACK_continue: {
+					struct commit *commit =
+						lookup_commit(result_sha1);
+					if (!commit)
+						die("invalid commit %s", sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+					if (args->stateless_rpc
+					 && ack == ACK_common
+					 && !(commit->object.flags & COMMON)) {
+						/* We need to replay the have for this object
+						 * on the next RPC request so the peer knows
+						 * it is in common with us.
+						 */
+						const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(result_sha1);
+						packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "have %s\n", hex);
+						state_len = req_buf.len;
+					}
+					mark_common(commit, 0, 1);
+					retval = 0;
+					in_vain = 0;
+					got_continue = 1;
+					if (ack == ACK_ready) {
+						clear_prio_queue(&rev_list);
+						got_ready = 1;
+					}
+					break;
+					}
+				}
+			} while (ack);
+			flushes--;
+			if (got_continue && MAX_IN_VAIN < in_vain) {
+				if (args->verbose)
+					fprintf(stderr, "giving up\n");
+				break; /* give up */
+			}
+		}
+	}
+done:
+	if (!got_ready || !no_done) {
+		packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "done\n");
+		send_request(args, fd[1], &req_buf);
+	}
+	if (args->verbose)
+		fprintf(stderr, "done\n");
+	if (retval != 0) {
+		multi_ack = 0;
+		flushes++;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+
+	if (!got_ready || !no_done)
+		consume_shallow_list(args, fd[0]);
+	while (flushes || multi_ack) {
+		int ack = get_ack(fd[0], result_sha1);
+		if (ack) {
+			if (args->verbose)
+				fprintf(stderr, "got ack (%d) %s\n", ack,
+					sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
+			if (ack == ACK)
+				return 0;
+			multi_ack = 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+		flushes--;
+	}
+	/* it is no error to fetch into a completely empty repo */
+	return count ? retval : 0;
+}
+
+static struct commit_list *complete;
+
+static int mark_complete(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+
+	while (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+		struct tag *t = (struct tag *) o;
+		if (!t->tagged)
+			break; /* broken repository */
+		o->flags |= COMPLETE;
+		o = parse_object(t->tagged->sha1);
+	}
+	if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+		struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+		if (!(commit->object.flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
+			commit_list_insert(commit, &complete);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void mark_recent_complete_commits(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+					 unsigned long cutoff)
+{
+	while (complete && cutoff <= complete->item->date) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Marking %s as complete\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(complete->item->object.sha1));
+		pop_most_recent_commit(&complete, COMPLETE);
+	}
+}
+
+static void filter_refs(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			struct ref **refs,
+			struct ref **sought, int nr_sought)
+{
+	struct ref *newlist = NULL;
+	struct ref **newtail = &newlist;
+	struct ref *ref, *next;
+	int i;
+
+	i = 0;
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = next) {
+		int keep = 0;
+		next = ref->next;
+
+		if (starts_with(ref->name, "refs/") &&
+		    check_refname_format(ref->name, 0))
+			; /* trash */
+		else {
+			while (i < nr_sought) {
+				int cmp = strcmp(ref->name, sought[i]->name);
+				if (cmp < 0)
+					break; /* definitely do not have it */
+				else if (cmp == 0) {
+					keep = 1; /* definitely have it */
+					sought[i]->matched = 1;
+				}
+				i++;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!keep && args->fetch_all &&
+		    (!args->depth || !starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/")))
+			keep = 1;
+
+		if (keep) {
+			*newtail = ref;
+			ref->next = NULL;
+			newtail = &ref->next;
+		} else {
+			free(ref);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Append unmatched requests to the list */
+	if (allow_tip_sha1_in_want) {
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+			ref = sought[i];
+			if (ref->matched)
+				continue;
+			if (get_sha1_hex(ref->name, sha1) ||
+			    ref->name[40] != '\0' ||
+			    hashcmp(sha1, ref->old_sha1))
+				continue;
+
+			ref->matched = 1;
+			*newtail = copy_ref(ref);
+			newtail = &(*newtail)->next;
+		}
+	}
+	*refs = newlist;
+}
+
+static void mark_alternate_complete(const struct ref *ref, void *unused)
+{
+	mark_complete(NULL, ref->old_sha1, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+static int everything_local(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			    struct ref **refs,
+			    struct ref **sought, int nr_sought)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int retval;
+	unsigned long cutoff = 0;
+
+	save_commit_buffer = 0;
+
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct object *o;
+
+		if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1))
+			continue;
+
+		o = parse_object(ref->old_sha1);
+		if (!o)
+			continue;
+
+		/* We already have it -- which may mean that we were
+		 * in sync with the other side at some time after
+		 * that (it is OK if we guess wrong here).
+		 */
+		if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)o;
+			if (!cutoff || cutoff < commit->date)
+				cutoff = commit->date;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!args->depth) {
+		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
+		for_each_alternate_ref(mark_alternate_complete, NULL);
+		commit_list_sort_by_date(&complete);
+		if (cutoff)
+			mark_recent_complete_commits(args, cutoff);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Mark all complete remote refs as common refs.
+	 * Don't mark them common yet; the server has to be told so first.
+	 */
+	for (ref = *refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct object *o = deref_tag(lookup_object(ref->old_sha1),
+					     NULL, 0);
+
+		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(o->flags & COMPLETE))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!(o->flags & SEEN)) {
+			rev_list_push((struct commit *)o, COMMON_REF | SEEN);
+
+			mark_common((struct commit *)o, 1, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	filter_refs(args, refs, sought, nr_sought);
+
+	for (retval = 1, ref = *refs; ref ; ref = ref->next) {
+		const unsigned char *remote = ref->old_sha1;
+		struct object *o;
+
+		o = lookup_object(remote);
+		if (!o || !(o->flags & COMPLETE)) {
+			retval = 0;
+			if (!args->verbose)
+				continue;
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"want %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
+				ref->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!args->verbose)
+			continue;
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"already have %s (%s)\n", sha1_to_hex(remote),
+			ref->name);
+	}
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
+{
+	int *xd = data;
+
+	int ret = recv_sideband("fetch-pack", xd[0], out);
+	close(out);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int get_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		    int xd[2], char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct async demux;
+	const char *argv[22];
+	char keep_arg[256];
+	char hdr_arg[256];
+	const char **av, *cmd_name;
+	int do_keep = args->keep_pack;
+	struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	int ret;
+
+	memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
+	if (use_sideband) {
+		/* xd[] is talking with upload-pack; subprocess reads from
+		 * xd[0], spits out band#2 to stderr, and feeds us band#1
+		 * through demux->out.
+		 */
+		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
+		demux.data = xd;
+		demux.out = -1;
+		if (start_async(&demux))
+			die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off sideband"
+			    " demultiplexer");
+	}
+	else
+		demux.out = xd[0];
+
+	cmd.argv = argv;
+	av = argv;
+	*hdr_arg = 0;
+	if (!args->keep_pack && unpack_limit) {
+		struct pack_header header;
+
+		if (read_pack_header(demux.out, &header))
+			die("protocol error: bad pack header");
+		snprintf(hdr_arg, sizeof(hdr_arg),
+			 "--pack_header=%"PRIu32",%"PRIu32,
+			 ntohl(header.hdr_version), ntohl(header.hdr_entries));
+		if (ntohl(header.hdr_entries) < unpack_limit)
+			do_keep = 0;
+		else
+			do_keep = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (alternate_shallow_file) {
+		*av++ = "--shallow-file";
+		*av++ = alternate_shallow_file;
+	}
+
+	if (do_keep) {
+		if (pack_lockfile)
+			cmd.out = -1;
+		*av++ = cmd_name = "index-pack";
+		*av++ = "--stdin";
+		if (!args->quiet && !args->no_progress)
+			*av++ = "-v";
+		if (args->use_thin_pack)
+			*av++ = "--fix-thin";
+		if (args->lock_pack || unpack_limit) {
+			int s = sprintf(keep_arg,
+					"--keep=fetch-pack %"PRIuMAX " on ", (uintmax_t) getpid());
+			if (gethostname(keep_arg + s, sizeof(keep_arg) - s))
+				strcpy(keep_arg + s, "localhost");
+			*av++ = keep_arg;
+		}
+		if (args->check_self_contained_and_connected)
+			*av++ = "--check-self-contained-and-connected";
+	}
+	else {
+		*av++ = cmd_name = "unpack-objects";
+		if (args->quiet || args->no_progress)
+			*av++ = "-q";
+		args->check_self_contained_and_connected = 0;
+	}
+	if (*hdr_arg)
+		*av++ = hdr_arg;
+	if (fetch_fsck_objects >= 0
+	    ? fetch_fsck_objects
+	    : transfer_fsck_objects >= 0
+	    ? transfer_fsck_objects
+	    : 0)
+		*av++ = "--strict";
+	*av++ = NULL;
+
+	cmd.in = demux.out;
+	cmd.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&cmd))
+		die("fetch-pack: unable to fork off %s", cmd_name);
+	if (do_keep && pack_lockfile) {
+		*pack_lockfile = index_pack_lockfile(cmd.out);
+		close(cmd.out);
+	}
+
+	if (!use_sideband)
+		/* Closed by start_command() */
+		xd[0] = -1;
+
+	ret = finish_command(&cmd);
+	if (!ret || (args->check_self_contained_and_connected && ret == 1))
+		args->self_contained_and_connected =
+			args->check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+			ret == 0;
+	else
+		die("%s failed", cmd_name);
+	if (use_sideband && finish_async(&demux))
+		die("error in sideband demultiplexer");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmp_ref_by_name(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	const struct ref *a = *((const struct ref **)a_);
+	const struct ref *b = *((const struct ref **)b_);
+	return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static struct ref *do_fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+				 int fd[2],
+				 const struct ref *orig_ref,
+				 struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
+				 struct shallow_info *si,
+				 char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct ref *ref = copy_ref_list(orig_ref);
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	const char *agent_feature;
+	int agent_len;
+
+	sort_ref_list(&ref, ref_compare_name);
+	qsort(sought, nr_sought, sizeof(*sought), cmp_ref_by_name);
+
+	if (is_repository_shallow() && !server_supports("shallow"))
+		die("Server does not support shallow clients");
+	if (server_supports("multi_ack_detailed")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack_detailed\n");
+		multi_ack = 2;
+		if (server_supports("no-done")) {
+			if (args->verbose)
+				fprintf(stderr, "Server supports no-done\n");
+			if (args->stateless_rpc)
+				no_done = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	else if (server_supports("multi_ack")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports multi_ack\n");
+		multi_ack = 1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("side-band-64k")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band-64k\n");
+		use_sideband = 2;
+	}
+	else if (server_supports("side-band")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports side-band\n");
+		use_sideband = 1;
+	}
+	if (server_supports("allow-tip-sha1-in-want")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports allow-tip-sha1-in-want\n");
+		allow_tip_sha1_in_want = 1;
+	}
+	if (!server_supports("thin-pack"))
+		args->use_thin_pack = 0;
+	if (!server_supports("no-progress"))
+		args->no_progress = 0;
+	if (!server_supports("include-tag"))
+		args->include_tag = 0;
+	if (server_supports("ofs-delta")) {
+		if (args->verbose)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server supports ofs-delta\n");
+	} else
+		prefer_ofs_delta = 0;
+
+	if ((agent_feature = server_feature_value("agent", &agent_len))) {
+		agent_supported = 1;
+		if (args->verbose && agent_len)
+			fprintf(stderr, "Server version is %.*s\n",
+				agent_len, agent_feature);
+	}
+
+	if (everything_local(args, &ref, sought, nr_sought)) {
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		goto all_done;
+	}
+	if (find_common(args, fd, sha1, ref) < 0)
+		if (!args->keep_pack)
+			/* When cloning, it is not unusual to have
+			 * no common commit.
+			 */
+			warning("no common commits");
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc)
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+	if (args->depth > 0)
+		setup_alternate_shallow(&shallow_lock, &alternate_shallow_file,
+					NULL);
+	else if (si->nr_ours || si->nr_theirs)
+		alternate_shallow_file = setup_temporary_shallow(si->shallow);
+	else
+		alternate_shallow_file = NULL;
+	if (get_pack(args, fd, pack_lockfile))
+		die("git fetch-pack: fetch failed.");
+
+ all_done:
+	return ref;
+}
+
+static void fetch_pack_config(void)
+{
+	git_config_get_int("fetch.unpacklimit", &fetch_unpack_limit);
+	git_config_get_int("transfer.unpacklimit", &transfer_unpack_limit);
+	git_config_get_bool("repack.usedeltabaseoffset", &prefer_ofs_delta);
+	git_config_get_bool("fetch.fsckobjects", &fetch_fsck_objects);
+	git_config_get_bool("transfer.fsckobjects", &transfer_fsck_objects);
+
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
+}
+
+static void fetch_pack_setup(void)
+{
+	static int did_setup;
+	if (did_setup)
+		return;
+	fetch_pack_config();
+	if (0 <= transfer_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = transfer_unpack_limit;
+	else if (0 <= fetch_unpack_limit)
+		unpack_limit = fetch_unpack_limit;
+	did_setup = 1;
+}
+
+static int remove_duplicates_in_refs(struct ref **ref, int nr)
+{
+	struct string_list names = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int src, dst;
+
+	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		struct string_list_item *item;
+		item = string_list_insert(&names, ref[src]->name);
+		if (item->util)
+			continue; /* already have it */
+		item->util = ref[src];
+		if (src != dst)
+			ref[dst] = ref[src];
+		dst++;
+	}
+	for (src = dst; src < nr; src++)
+		ref[src] = NULL;
+	string_list_clear(&names, 0);
+	return dst;
+}
+
+static void update_shallow(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+			   struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
+			   struct shallow_info *si)
+{
+	struct sha1_array ref = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int *status;
+	int i;
+
+	if (args->depth > 0 && alternate_shallow_file) {
+		if (*alternate_shallow_file == '\0') { /* --unshallow */
+			unlink_or_warn(git_path("shallow"));
+			rollback_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		} else
+			commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!si->shallow || !si->shallow->nr)
+		return;
+
+	if (args->cloning) {
+		/*
+		 * remote is shallow, but this is a clone, there are
+		 * no objects in repo to worry about. Accept any
+		 * shallow points that exist in the pack (iow in repo
+		 * after get_pack() and reprepare_packed_git())
+		 */
+		struct sha1_array extra = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+		unsigned char (*sha1)[20] = si->shallow->sha1;
+		for (i = 0; i < si->shallow->nr; i++)
+			if (has_sha1_file(sha1[i]))
+				sha1_array_append(&extra, sha1[i]);
+		if (extra.nr) {
+			setup_alternate_shallow(&shallow_lock,
+						&alternate_shallow_file,
+						&extra);
+			commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		}
+		sha1_array_clear(&extra);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!si->nr_ours && !si->nr_theirs)
+		return;
+
+	remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow(si);
+	if (!si->nr_ours && !si->nr_theirs)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++)
+		sha1_array_append(&ref, sought[i]->old_sha1);
+	si->ref = &ref;
+
+	if (args->update_shallow) {
+		/*
+		 * remote is also shallow, .git/shallow may be updated
+		 * so all refs can be accepted. Make sure we only add
+		 * shallow roots that are actually reachable from new
+		 * refs.
+		 */
+		struct sha1_array extra = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+		unsigned char (*sha1)[20] = si->shallow->sha1;
+		assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(si, NULL, NULL);
+		if (!si->nr_ours && !si->nr_theirs) {
+			sha1_array_clear(&ref);
+			return;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < si->nr_ours; i++)
+			sha1_array_append(&extra, sha1[si->ours[i]]);
+		for (i = 0; i < si->nr_theirs; i++)
+			sha1_array_append(&extra, sha1[si->theirs[i]]);
+		setup_alternate_shallow(&shallow_lock,
+					&alternate_shallow_file,
+					&extra);
+		commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+		sha1_array_clear(&extra);
+		sha1_array_clear(&ref);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * remote is also shallow, check what ref is safe to update
+	 * without updating .git/shallow
+	 */
+	status = xcalloc(nr_sought, sizeof(*status));
+	assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(si, NULL, status);
+	if (si->nr_ours || si->nr_theirs) {
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_sought; i++)
+			if (status[i])
+				sought[i]->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW;
+	}
+	free(status);
+	sha1_array_clear(&ref);
+}
+
+struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
+		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		       const struct ref *ref,
+		       const char *dest,
+		       struct ref **sought, int nr_sought,
+		       struct sha1_array *shallow,
+		       char **pack_lockfile)
+{
+	struct ref *ref_cpy;
+	struct shallow_info si;
+
+	fetch_pack_setup();
+	if (nr_sought)
+		nr_sought = remove_duplicates_in_refs(sought, nr_sought);
+
+	if (!ref) {
+		packet_flush(fd[1]);
+		die("no matching remote head");
+	}
+	prepare_shallow_info(&si, shallow);
+	ref_cpy = do_fetch_pack(args, fd, ref, sought, nr_sought,
+				&si, pack_lockfile);
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	update_shallow(args, sought, nr_sought, &si);
+	clear_shallow_info(&si);
+	return ref_cpy;
+}
diff --git a/fetch-pack.h b/fetch-pack.h
index 0608edae3f..bb7fd76e59 100644
--- a/fetch-pack.h
+++ b/fetch-pack.h
@@ -1,27 +1,44 @@
 #ifndef FETCH_PACK_H
 #define FETCH_PACK_H
 
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+
+struct sha1_array;
+
 struct fetch_pack_args {
 	const char *uploadpack;
 	int unpacklimit;
 	int depth;
-	unsigned quiet:1,
-		keep_pack:1,
-		lock_pack:1,
-		use_thin_pack:1,
-		fetch_all:1,
-		verbose:1,
-		no_progress:1,
-		include_tag:1,
-		stateless_rpc:1;
+	unsigned quiet:1;
+	unsigned keep_pack:1;
+	unsigned lock_pack:1;
+	unsigned use_thin_pack:1;
+	unsigned fetch_all:1;
+	unsigned stdin_refs:1;
+	unsigned diag_url:1;
+	unsigned verbose:1;
+	unsigned no_progress:1;
+	unsigned include_tag:1;
+	unsigned stateless_rpc:1;
+	unsigned check_self_contained_and_connected:1;
+	unsigned self_contained_and_connected:1;
+	unsigned cloning:1;
+	unsigned update_shallow:1;
 };
 
+/*
+ * sought represents remote references that should be updated from.
+ * On return, the names that were found on the remote will have been
+ * marked as such.
+ */
 struct ref *fetch_pack(struct fetch_pack_args *args,
-		int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-		const struct ref *ref,
-		const char *dest,
-		int nr_heads,
-		char **heads,
-		char **pack_lockfile);
+		       int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+		       const struct ref *ref,
+		       const char *dest,
+		       struct ref **sought,
+		       int nr_sought,
+		       struct sha1_array *shallow,
+		       char **pack_lockfile);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/fixup-builtins b/fixup-builtins
deleted file mode 100755
index 63dfa4c475..0000000000
--- a/fixup-builtins
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-while [ "$1" ]
-do
-	if [ "$1" != "git-sh-setup" -a "$1" != "git-parse-remote" -a "$1" != "git-svn" ]; then
-		old="$1"
-		new=$(echo "$1" | sed 's/git-/git /')
-		echo "Converting '$old' to '$new'"
-		sed -i "s/\\<$old\\>/$new/g" $(git ls-files '*.sh')
-	fi
-	shift
-done
-
-sed -i 's/git merge-one-file/git-merge-one-file/g
-s/git rebase-todo/git-rebase-todo/g' $(git ls-files '*.sh')
-git update-index --refresh >& /dev/null
-exit 0
diff --git a/fsck.c b/fsck.c
index 6c855f84f0..10bcb65151 100644
--- a/fsck.c
+++ b/fsck.c
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "fsck.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 static int fsck_walk_tree(struct tree *tree, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
 {
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ static int fsck_walk_tree(struct tree *tree, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data)
 		else if (S_ISREG(entry.mode) || S_ISLNK(entry.mode))
 			result = walk(&lookup_blob(entry.sha1)->object, OBJ_BLOB, data);
 		else {
-			result = error("in tree %s: entry %s has bad mode %.6o\n",
+			result = error("in tree %s: entry %s has bad mode %.6o",
 					sha1_to_hex(tree->object.sha1), entry.path, entry.mode);
 		}
 		if (result < 0)
@@ -139,8 +141,12 @@ static int verify_ordered(unsigned mode1, const char *name1, unsigned mode2, con
 static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 {
 	int retval;
+	int has_null_sha1 = 0;
 	int has_full_path = 0;
 	int has_empty_name = 0;
+	int has_dot = 0;
+	int has_dotdot = 0;
+	int has_dotgit = 0;
 	int has_zero_pad = 0;
 	int has_bad_modes = 0;
 	int has_dup_entries = 0;
@@ -157,13 +163,18 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 	while (desc.size) {
 		unsigned mode;
 		const char *name;
-
-		tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
-
-		if (strchr(name, '/'))
-			has_full_path = 1;
-		if (!*name)
-			has_empty_name = 1;
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+
+		sha1 = tree_entry_extract(&desc, &name, &mode);
+
+		has_null_sha1 |= is_null_sha1(sha1);
+		has_full_path |= !!strchr(name, '/');
+		has_empty_name |= !*name;
+		has_dot |= !strcmp(name, ".");
+		has_dotdot |= !strcmp(name, "..");
+		has_dotgit |= (!strcmp(name, ".git") ||
+			       is_hfs_dotgit(name) ||
+			       is_ntfs_dotgit(name));
 		has_zero_pad |= *(char *)desc.buffer == '0';
 		update_tree_entry(&desc);
 
@@ -207,10 +218,18 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 	}
 
 	retval = 0;
+	if (has_null_sha1)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains entries pointing to null sha1");
 	if (has_full_path)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains full pathnames");
 	if (has_empty_name)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains empty pathname");
+	if (has_dot)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '.'");
+	if (has_dotdot)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '..'");
+	if (has_dotgit)
+		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains '.git'");
 	if (has_zero_pad)
 		retval += error_func(&item->object, FSCK_WARN, "contains zero-padded file modes");
 	if (has_bad_modes)
@@ -222,8 +241,30 @@ static int fsck_tree(struct tree *item, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static int fsck_ident(char **ident, struct object *obj, fsck_error error_func)
+static int require_end_of_header(const void *data, unsigned long size,
+	struct object *obj, fsck_error error_func)
 {
+	const char *buffer = (const char *)data;
+	unsigned long i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+		switch (buffer[i]) {
+		case '\0':
+			return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR,
+				"unterminated header: NUL at offset %d", i);
+		case '\n':
+			if (i + 1 < size && buffer[i + 1] == '\n')
+				return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "unterminated header");
+}
+
+static int fsck_ident(const char **ident, struct object *obj, fsck_error error_func)
+{
+	char *end;
+
 	if (**ident == '<')
 		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - missing space before email");
 	*ident += strcspn(*ident, "<>\n");
@@ -243,10 +284,11 @@ static int fsck_ident(char **ident, struct object *obj, fsck_error error_func)
 	(*ident)++;
 	if (**ident == '0' && (*ident)[1] != ' ')
 		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - zero-padded date");
-	*ident += strspn(*ident, "0123456789");
-	if (**ident != ' ')
+	if (date_overflows(strtoul(*ident, &end, 10)))
+		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - date causes integer overflow");
+	if (end == *ident || *end != ' ')
 		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line - bad date");
-	(*ident)++;
+	*ident = end + 1;
 	if ((**ident != '+' && **ident != '-') ||
 	    !isdigit((*ident)[1]) ||
 	    !isdigit((*ident)[2]) ||
@@ -258,58 +300,46 @@ static int fsck_ident(char **ident, struct object *obj, fsck_error error_func)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int fsck_commit(struct commit *commit, fsck_error error_func)
+static int fsck_commit_buffer(struct commit *commit, const char *buffer,
+	unsigned long size, fsck_error error_func)
 {
-	char *buffer = commit->buffer;
 	unsigned char tree_sha1[20], sha1[20];
 	struct commit_graft *graft;
-	int parents = 0;
+	unsigned parent_count, parent_line_count = 0;
 	int err;
 
-	if (commit->date == ULONG_MAX)
-		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid author/committer line");
+	if (require_end_of_header(buffer, size, &commit->object, error_func))
+		return -1;
 
-	if (memcmp(buffer, "tree ", 5))
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "tree ", &buffer))
 		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'tree' line");
-	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer+5, tree_sha1) || buffer[45] != '\n')
+	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, tree_sha1) || buffer[40] != '\n')
 		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid 'tree' line format - bad sha1");
-	buffer += 46;
-	while (!memcmp(buffer, "parent ", 7)) {
-		if (get_sha1_hex(buffer+7, sha1) || buffer[47] != '\n')
+	buffer += 41;
+	while (skip_prefix(buffer, "parent ", &buffer)) {
+		if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || buffer[40] != '\n')
 			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid 'parent' line format - bad sha1");
-		buffer += 48;
-		parents++;
+		buffer += 41;
+		parent_line_count++;
 	}
 	graft = lookup_commit_graft(commit->object.sha1);
+	parent_count = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
 	if (graft) {
-		struct commit_list *p = commit->parents;
-		parents = 0;
-		while (p) {
-			p = p->next;
-			parents++;
-		}
-		if (graft->nr_parent == -1 && !parents)
+		if (graft->nr_parent == -1 && !parent_count)
 			; /* shallow commit */
-		else if (graft->nr_parent != parents)
+		else if (graft->nr_parent != parent_count)
 			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "graft objects missing");
 	} else {
-		struct commit_list *p = commit->parents;
-		while (p && parents) {
-			p = p->next;
-			parents--;
-		}
-		if (p || parents)
+		if (parent_count != parent_line_count)
 			return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "parent objects missing");
 	}
-	if (memcmp(buffer, "author ", 7))
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "author ", &buffer))
 		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'author' line");
-	buffer += 7;
 	err = fsck_ident(&buffer, &commit->object, error_func);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
-	if (memcmp(buffer, "committer ", strlen("committer ")))
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "committer ", &buffer))
 		return error_func(&commit->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'committer' line");
-	buffer += strlen("committer ");
 	err = fsck_ident(&buffer, &commit->object, error_func);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
@@ -319,16 +349,112 @@ static int fsck_commit(struct commit *commit, fsck_error error_func)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int fsck_tag(struct tag *tag, fsck_error error_func)
+static int fsck_commit(struct commit *commit, const char *data,
+	unsigned long size, fsck_error error_func)
+{
+	const char *buffer = data ?  data : get_commit_buffer(commit, &size);
+	int ret = fsck_commit_buffer(commit, buffer, size, error_func);
+	if (!data)
+		unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int fsck_tag_buffer(struct tag *tag, const char *data,
+	unsigned long size, fsck_error error_func)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int ret = 0;
+	const char *buffer;
+	char *to_free = NULL, *eol;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (data)
+		buffer = data;
+	else {
+		enum object_type type;
+
+		buffer = to_free =
+			read_sha1_file(tag->object.sha1, &type, &size);
+		if (!buffer)
+			return error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR,
+				"cannot read tag object");
+
+		if (type != OBJ_TAG) {
+			ret = error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR,
+				"expected tag got %s",
+			    typename(type));
+			goto done;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (require_end_of_header(buffer, size, &tag->object, error_func))
+		goto done;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "object ", &buffer)) {
+		ret = error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'object' line");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || buffer[40] != '\n') {
+		ret = error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid 'object' line format - bad sha1");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	buffer += 41;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "type ", &buffer)) {
+		ret = error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'type' line");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	eol = strchr(buffer, '\n');
+	if (!eol) {
+		ret = error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - unexpected end after 'type' line");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	if (type_from_string_gently(buffer, eol - buffer, 1) < 0)
+		ret = error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid 'type' value");
+	if (ret)
+		goto done;
+	buffer = eol + 1;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "tag ", &buffer)) {
+		ret = error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - expected 'tag' line");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	eol = strchr(buffer, '\n');
+	if (!eol) {
+		ret = error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR, "invalid format - unexpected end after 'type' line");
+		goto done;
+	}
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "refs/tags/%.*s", (int)(eol - buffer), buffer);
+	if (check_refname_format(sb.buf, 0))
+		error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_WARN, "invalid 'tag' name: %.*s",
+			   (int)(eol - buffer), buffer);
+	buffer = eol + 1;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "tagger ", &buffer))
+		/* early tags do not contain 'tagger' lines; warn only */
+		error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_WARN, "invalid format - expected 'tagger' line");
+	else
+		ret = fsck_ident(&buffer, &tag->object, error_func);
+
+done:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	free(to_free);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int fsck_tag(struct tag *tag, const char *data,
+	unsigned long size, fsck_error error_func)
 {
 	struct object *tagged = tag->tagged;
 
 	if (!tagged)
 		return error_func(&tag->object, FSCK_ERROR, "could not load tagged object");
-	return 0;
+
+	return fsck_tag_buffer(tag, data, size, error_func);
 }
 
-int fsck_object(struct object *obj, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
+int fsck_object(struct object *obj, void *data, unsigned long size,
+	int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 {
 	if (!obj)
 		return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "no valid object to fsck");
@@ -338,9 +464,11 @@ int fsck_object(struct object *obj, int strict, fsck_error error_func)
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE)
 		return fsck_tree((struct tree *) obj, strict, error_func);
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-		return fsck_commit((struct commit *) obj, error_func);
+		return fsck_commit((struct commit *) obj, (const char *) data,
+			size, error_func);
 	if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
-		return fsck_tag((struct tag *) obj, error_func);
+		return fsck_tag((struct tag *) obj, (const char *) data,
+			size, error_func);
 
 	return error_func(obj, FSCK_ERROR, "unknown type '%d' (internal fsck error)",
 			  obj->type);
diff --git a/fsck.h b/fsck.h
index 1e4f527318..d1e6387a44 100644
--- a/fsck.h
+++ b/fsck.h
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ int fsck_error_function(struct object *obj, int type, const char *fmt, ...);
  *    0		everything OK
  */
 int fsck_walk(struct object *obj, fsck_walk_func walk, void *data);
-int fsck_object(struct object *obj, int strict, fsck_error error_func);
+/* If NULL is passed for data, we assume the object is local and read it. */
+int fsck_object(struct object *obj, void *data, unsigned long size,
+	int strict, fsck_error error_func);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/generate-cmdlist.sh b/generate-cmdlist.sh
index 1093ef4ad6..9a4c9b94e6 100755
--- a/generate-cmdlist.sh
+++ b/generate-cmdlist.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ do
      /^NAME/,/git-'"$cmd"'/H
      ${
 	    x
-	    s/.*git-'"$cmd"' - \(.*\)/  {"'"$cmd"'", "\1"},/
+	    s/.*git-'"$cmd"' - \(.*\)/  {"'"$cmd"'", N_("\1")},/
 	    p
      }' "Documentation/git-$cmd.txt"
 done
diff --git a/gettext.c b/gettext.c
index f75bca7f56..7378ba287f 100644
--- a/gettext.c
+++ b/gettext.c
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "gettext.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 #ifndef NO_GETTEXT
 #	include <locale.h>
@@ -16,6 +18,31 @@
 #	endif
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * Guess the user's preferred languages from the value in LANGUAGE environment
+ * variable and LC_MESSAGES locale category if NO_GETTEXT is not defined.
+ *
+ * The result can be a colon-separated list like "ko:ja:en".
+ */
+const char *get_preferred_languages(void)
+{
+	const char *retval;
+
+	retval = getenv("LANGUAGE");
+	if (retval && *retval)
+		return retval;
+
+#ifndef NO_GETTEXT
+	retval = setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, NULL);
+	if (retval && *retval &&
+		strcmp(retval, "C") &&
+		strcmp(retval, "POSIX"))
+		return retval;
+#endif
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 #ifdef GETTEXT_POISON
 int use_gettext_poison(void)
 {
@@ -27,10 +54,20 @@ int use_gettext_poison(void)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NO_GETTEXT
-static void init_gettext_charset(const char *domain)
+static int test_vsnprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	const char *charset;
+	char buf[26];
+	int ret;
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	return ret;
+}
 
+static const char *charset;
+static void init_gettext_charset(const char *domain)
+{
 	/*
 	   This trick arranges for messages to be emitted in the user's
 	   requested encoding, but avoids setting LC_CTYPE from the
@@ -98,9 +135,7 @@ static void init_gettext_charset(const char *domain)
 	   $ LANGUAGE= LANG=de_DE.utf8 ./test
 	   test: Kein passendes Ger?t gefunden
 
-	   In the long term we should probably see about getting that
-	   vsnprintf bug in glibc fixed, and audit our code so it won't
-	   fall apart under a non-C locale.
+	   The vsnprintf bug has been fixed since glibc 2.17.
 
 	   Then we could simply set LC_CTYPE from the environment, which would
 	   make things like the external perror(3) messages work.
@@ -114,7 +149,9 @@ static void init_gettext_charset(const char *domain)
 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
 	charset = locale_charset();
 	bind_textdomain_codeset(domain, charset);
-	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "C");
+	/* the string is taken from v0.99.6~1 */
+	if (test_vsnprintf("%.*s", 13, "David_K\345gedal") < 0)
+		setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "C");
 }
 
 void git_setup_gettext(void)
@@ -128,4 +165,14 @@ void git_setup_gettext(void)
 	init_gettext_charset("git");
 	textdomain("git");
 }
+
+/* return the number of columns of string 's' in current locale */
+int gettext_width(const char *s)
+{
+	static int is_utf8 = -1;
+	if (is_utf8 == -1)
+		is_utf8 = !strcmp(charset, "UTF-8");
+
+	return is_utf8 ? utf8_strwidth(s) : strlen(s);
+}
 #endif
diff --git a/gettext.h b/gettext.h
index 57ba8bb02e..33696a40b8 100644
--- a/gettext.h
+++ b/gettext.h
@@ -30,10 +30,15 @@
 
 #ifndef NO_GETTEXT
 extern void git_setup_gettext(void);
+extern int gettext_width(const char *s);
 #else
 static inline void git_setup_gettext(void)
 {
 }
+static inline int gettext_width(const char *s)
+{
+	return strlen(s);
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifdef GETTEXT_POISON
@@ -44,6 +49,8 @@ extern int use_gettext_poison(void);
 
 static inline FORMAT_PRESERVING(1) const char *_(const char *msgid)
 {
+	if (!*msgid)
+		return "";
 	return use_gettext_poison() ? "# GETTEXT POISON #" : gettext(msgid);
 }
 
@@ -56,6 +63,32 @@ const char *Q_(const char *msgid, const char *plu, unsigned long n)
 }
 
 /* Mark msgid for translation but do not translate it. */
+#if !USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N
 #define N_(msgid) msgid
+#else
+/*
+ * Strictly speaking, this will lead to invalid C when
+ * used this way:
+ *	static const char s[] = N_("FOO");
+ * which will expand to
+ *	static const char s[] = ("FOO");
+ * and in valid C, the initializer on the right hand side must
+ * be without the parentheses.  But many compilers do accept it
+ * as a language extension and it will allow us to catch mistakes
+ * like:
+ *	static const char *msgs[] = {
+ *		N_("one")
+ *		N_("two"),
+ *		N_("three"),
+ *		NULL
+ *	};
+ * (notice the missing comma on one of the lines) by forcing
+ * a compilation error, because parenthesised ("one") ("two")
+ * will not get silently turned into ("onetwo").
+ */
+#define N_(msgid) (msgid)
+#endif
+
+const char *get_preferred_languages(void);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/git-add--interactive.perl b/git-add--interactive.perl
index 8f0839d205..77876d433a 100755
--- a/git-add--interactive.perl
+++ b/git-add--interactive.perl
@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ my ($diff_new_color) =
 
 my $normal_color = $repo->get_color("", "reset");
 
+my $diff_algorithm = $repo->config('diff.algorithm');
+
 my $use_readkey = 0;
 my $use_termcap = 0;
 my %term_escapes;
@@ -56,6 +58,9 @@ if ($repo->config_bool("interactive.singlekey")) {
 		Term::ReadKey->import;
 		$use_readkey = 1;
 	};
+	if (!$use_readkey) {
+		print STDERR "missing Term::ReadKey, disabling interactive.singlekey\n";
+	}
 	eval {
 		require Term::Cap;
 		my $termcap = Term::Cap->Tgetent;
@@ -167,7 +172,7 @@ my %patch_modes = (
 my %patch_mode_flavour = %{$patch_modes{stage}};
 
 sub run_cmd_pipe {
-	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'msys') {
+	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32') {
 		my @invalid = grep {m/[":*]/} @_;
 		die "$^O does not support: @invalid\n" if @invalid;
 		my @args = map { m/ /o ? "\"$_\"": $_ } @_;
@@ -261,6 +266,17 @@ sub get_empty_tree {
 	return '4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904';
 }
 
+sub get_diff_reference {
+	my $ref = shift;
+	if (defined $ref and $ref ne 'HEAD') {
+		return $ref;
+	} elsif (is_initial_commit()) {
+		return get_empty_tree();
+	} else {
+		return 'HEAD';
+	}
+}
+
 # Returns list of hashes, contents of each of which are:
 # VALUE:	pathname
 # BINARY:	is a binary path
@@ -268,6 +284,7 @@ sub get_empty_tree {
 # FILE:		is file different from index?
 # INDEX_ADDDEL:	is it add/delete between HEAD and index?
 # FILE_ADDDEL:	is it add/delete between index and file?
+# UNMERGED:	is the path unmerged
 
 sub list_modified {
 	my ($only) = @_;
@@ -283,14 +300,7 @@ sub list_modified {
 		return if (!@tracked);
 	}
 
-	my $reference;
-	if (defined $patch_mode_revision and $patch_mode_revision ne 'HEAD') {
-		$reference = $patch_mode_revision;
-	} elsif (is_initial_commit()) {
-		$reference = get_empty_tree();
-	} else {
-		$reference = 'HEAD';
-	}
+	my $reference = get_diff_reference($patch_mode_revision);
 	for (run_cmd_pipe(qw(git diff-index --cached
 			     --numstat --summary), $reference,
 			     '--', @tracked)) {
@@ -318,16 +328,10 @@ sub list_modified {
 		}
 	}
 
-	for (run_cmd_pipe(qw(git diff-files --numstat --summary --), @tracked)) {
+	for (run_cmd_pipe(qw(git diff-files --numstat --summary --raw --), @tracked)) {
 		if (($add, $del, $file) =
 		    /^([-\d]+)	([-\d]+)	(.*)/) {
 			$file = unquote_path($file);
-			if (!exists $data{$file}) {
-				$data{$file} = +{
-					INDEX => 'unchanged',
-					BINARY => 0,
-				};
-			}
 			my ($change, $bin);
 			if ($add eq '-' && $del eq '-') {
 				$change = 'binary';
@@ -346,6 +350,18 @@ sub list_modified {
 			$file = unquote_path($file);
 			$data{$file}{FILE_ADDDEL} = $adddel;
 		}
+		elsif (/^:[0-7]+ [0-7]+ [0-9a-f]+ [0-9a-f]+ (.)	(.*)$/) {
+			$file = unquote_path($2);
+			if (!exists $data{$file}) {
+				$data{$file} = +{
+					INDEX => 'unchanged',
+					BINARY => 0,
+				};
+			}
+			if ($1 eq 'U') {
+				$data{$file}{UNMERGED} = 1;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	for (sort keys %data) {
@@ -499,6 +515,9 @@ sub error_msg {
 sub list_and_choose {
 	my ($opts, @stuff) = @_;
 	my (@chosen, @return);
+	if (!@stuff) {
+	    return @return;
+	}
 	my $i;
 	my @prefixes = find_unique_prefixes(@stuff) unless $opts->{LIST_ONLY};
 
@@ -709,6 +728,8 @@ sub add_untracked_cmd {
 	if (@add) {
 		system(qw(git update-index --add --), @add);
 		say_n_paths('added', @add);
+	} else {
+		print "No untracked files.\n";
 	}
 	print "\n";
 }
@@ -724,8 +745,11 @@ sub run_git_apply {
 sub parse_diff {
 	my ($path) = @_;
 	my @diff_cmd = split(" ", $patch_mode_flavour{DIFF});
+	if (defined $diff_algorithm) {
+		splice @diff_cmd, 1, 0, "--diff-algorithm=${diff_algorithm}";
+	}
 	if (defined $patch_mode_revision) {
-		push @diff_cmd, $patch_mode_revision;
+		push @diff_cmd, get_diff_reference($patch_mode_revision);
 	}
 	my @diff = run_cmd_pipe("git", @diff_cmd, "--", $path);
 	my @colored = ();
@@ -1060,7 +1084,6 @@ EOF
 }
 
 sub diff_applies {
-	my $fh;
 	return run_git_apply($patch_mode_flavour{APPLY_CHECK} . ' --check',
 			     map { @{$_->{TEXT}} } @_);
 }
@@ -1141,9 +1164,9 @@ sub help_patch_cmd {
 	print colored $help_color, <<EOF ;
 y - $verb this hunk$target
 n - do not $verb this hunk$target
-q - quit; do not $verb this hunk nor any of the remaining ones
+q - quit; do not $verb this hunk or any of the remaining ones
 a - $verb this hunk and all later hunks in the file
-d - do not $verb this hunk nor any of the later hunks in the file
+d - do not $verb this hunk or any of the later hunks in the file
 g - select a hunk to go to
 / - search for a hunk matching the given regex
 j - leave this hunk undecided, see next undecided hunk
@@ -1190,6 +1213,10 @@ sub apply_patch_for_checkout_commit {
 
 sub patch_update_cmd {
 	my @all_mods = list_modified($patch_mode_flavour{FILTER});
+	error_msg "ignoring unmerged: $_->{VALUE}\n"
+		for grep { $_->{UNMERGED} } @all_mods;
+	@all_mods = grep { !$_->{UNMERGED} } @all_mods;
+
 	my @mods = grep { !($_->{BINARY}) } @all_mods;
 	my @them;
 
@@ -1237,7 +1264,7 @@ sub summarize_hunk {
 
 
 # Print a one-line summary of each hunk in the array ref in
-# the first argument, starting wih the index in the 2nd.
+# the first argument, starting with the index in the 2nd.
 sub display_hunks {
 	my ($hunks, $i) = @_;
 	my $ctr = 0;
@@ -1334,6 +1361,7 @@ sub patch_update_file {
 		  $patch_mode_flavour{TARGET},
 		  " [y,n,q,a,d,/$other,?]? ";
 		my $line = prompt_single_character;
+		last unless defined $line;
 		if ($line) {
 			if ($line =~ /^y/i) {
 				$hunk[$ix]{USE} = 1;
@@ -1503,7 +1531,6 @@ sub patch_update_file {
 	}
 
 	if (@result) {
-		my $fh;
 		my @patch = reassemble_patch($head->{TEXT}, @result);
 		my $apply_routine = $patch_mode_flavour{APPLY};
 		&$apply_routine(@patch);
diff --git a/git-am.sh b/git-am.sh
index 0bd290b4ae..a67d0f9898 100755
--- a/git-am.sh
+++ b/git-am.sh
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=t
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
 git am [options] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]
-git am [options] (--resolved | --skip | --abort)
+git am [options] (--continue | --skip | --abort)
 --
 i,interactive   run interactively
 b,binary*       (historical option -- no-op)
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ s,signoff       add a Signed-off-by line to the commit message
 u,utf8          recode into utf8 (default)
 k,keep          pass -k flag to git-mailinfo
 keep-non-patch  pass -b flag to git-mailinfo
+m,message-id    pass -m flag to git-mailinfo
 keep-cr         pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit for mbox format
 no-keep-cr      do not pass --keep-cr flag to git-mailsplit independent of am.keepcr
 c,scissors      strip everything before a scissors line
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ ignore-space-change pass it through git-apply
 ignore-whitespace pass it through git-apply
 directory=      pass it through git-apply
 exclude=        pass it through git-apply
+include=        pass it through git-apply
 C=              pass it through git-apply
 p=              pass it through git-apply
 patch-format=   format the patch(es) are in
@@ -36,6 +39,7 @@ abort           restore the original branch and abort the patching operation.
 committer-date-is-author-date    lie about committer date
 ignore-date     use current timestamp for author date
 rerere-autoupdate update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible
+S,gpg-sign?     GPG-sign commits
 rebasing*       (internal use for git-rebase)"
 
 . git-sh-setup
@@ -91,7 +95,7 @@ safe_to_abort () {
 	then
 		return 0
 	fi
-		gettextln "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.
+	gettextln "You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.
 Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD" >&2
 	return 1
 }
@@ -101,9 +105,9 @@ stop_here_user_resolve () {
 	    printf '%s\n' "$resolvemsg"
 	    stop_here $1
     fi
-    eval_gettextln "When you have resolved this problem run \"\$cmdline --resolved\".
-If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"\$cmdline --skip\".
-To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
+    eval_gettextln "When you have resolved this problem, run \"\$cmdline --continue\".
+If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"\$cmdline --skip\" instead.
+To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 
     stop_here $1
 }
@@ -122,7 +126,7 @@ cannot_fallback () {
 }
 
 fall_back_3way () {
-    O_OBJECT=`cd "$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY" && pwd`
+    O_OBJECT=$(cd "$GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY" && pwd)
 
     rm -fr "$dotest"/patch-merge-*
     mkdir "$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-dir"
@@ -135,9 +139,15 @@ fall_back_3way () {
     git write-tree >"$dotest/patch-merge-base+" ||
     cannot_fallback "$(gettext "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge.")"
 
-    say Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...
+    say "$(gettext "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...")"
 
     cmd='GIT_INDEX_FILE="$dotest/patch-merge-tmp-index"'
+
+    if test -z "$GIT_QUIET"
+    then
+	eval "$cmd git diff-index --cached --diff-filter=AM --name-status HEAD"
+    fi
+
     cmd="$cmd git apply --cached $git_apply_opt"' <"$dotest/patch"'
     if eval "$cmd"
     then
@@ -169,8 +179,7 @@ It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index.")"
     fi
     git-merge-recursive $orig_tree -- HEAD $his_tree || {
 	    git rerere $allow_rerere_autoupdate
-	    echo Failed to merge in the changes.
-	    exit 1
+	    die "$(gettext "Failed to merge in the changes.")"
     }
     unset GITHEAD_$his_tree
 }
@@ -253,7 +262,7 @@ check_patch_format () {
 split_patches () {
 	case "$patch_format" in
 	mbox)
-		if test -n "$rebasing" || test t = "$keepcr"
+		if test t = "$keepcr"
 		then
 		    keep_cr=--keep-cr
 		else
@@ -267,7 +276,7 @@ split_patches () {
 		then
 			clean_abort "$(gettext "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once")"
 		fi
-		series_dir=`dirname "$1"`
+		series_dir=$(dirname "$1")
 		series_file="$1"
 		shift
 		{
@@ -290,13 +299,13 @@ split_patches () {
 		this=0
 		for stgit in "$@"
 		do
-			this=`expr "$this" + 1`
-			msgnum=`printf "%0${prec}d" $this`
+			this=$(expr "$this" + 1)
+			msgnum=$(printf "%0${prec}d" $this)
 			# Perl version of StGIT parse_patch. The first nonemptyline
 			# not starting with Author, From or Date is the
 			# subject, and the body starts with the next nonempty
 			# line not starting with Author, From or Date
-			perl -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
+			@@PERL@@ -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
 				if ($subject > 1) { print ; }
 				elsif (/^\s+$/) { next ; }
 				elsif (/^Author:/) { s/Author/From/ ; print ;}
@@ -328,7 +337,7 @@ split_patches () {
 			# Since we cannot guarantee that the commit message is in
 			# git-friendly format, we put no Subject: line and just consume
 			# all of the message as the body
-			perl -M'POSIX qw(strftime)' -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
+			LANG=C LC_ALL=C @@PERL@@ -M'POSIX qw(strftime)' -ne 'BEGIN { $subject = 0 }
 				if ($subject) { print ; }
 				elsif (/^\# User /) { s/\# User/From:/ ; print ; }
 				elsif (/^\# Date /) {
@@ -363,11 +372,17 @@ split_patches () {
 prec=4
 dotest="$GIT_DIR/rebase-apply"
 sign= utf8=t keep= keepcr= skip= interactive= resolved= rebasing= abort=
-resolvemsg= resume= scissors= no_inbody_headers=
+messageid= resolvemsg= resume= scissors= no_inbody_headers=
 git_apply_opt=
 committer_date_is_author_date=
 ignore_date=
 allow_rerere_autoupdate=
+gpg_sign_opt=
+
+if test "$(git config --bool --get am.messageid)" = true
+then
+    messageid=t
+fi
 
 if test "$(git config --bool --get am.keepcr)" = true
 then
@@ -380,7 +395,9 @@ do
 	-i|--interactive)
 		interactive=t ;;
 	-b|--binary)
-		: ;;
+		gettextln >&2 "The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and
+it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+		;;
 	-3|--3way)
 		threeway=t ;;
 	-s|--signoff)
@@ -389,6 +406,10 @@ do
 		utf8=t ;; # this is now default
 	--no-utf8)
 		utf8= ;;
+	-m|--message-id)
+		messageid=t ;;
+	--no-message-id)
+		messageid=f ;;
 	-k|--keep)
 		keep=t ;;
 	--keep-non-patch)
@@ -404,18 +425,15 @@ do
 	--abort)
 		abort=t ;;
 	--rebasing)
-		rebasing=t threeway=t keep=t scissors=f no_inbody_headers=t ;;
-	-d|--dotest)
-		die "$(gettext "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use.")"
-		;;
-	--resolvemsg)
-		shift; resolvemsg=$1 ;;
-	--whitespace|--directory|--exclude)
-		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $(sq "$1=$2")"; shift ;;
-	-C|-p)
-		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $(sq "$1$2")"; shift ;;
-	--patch-format)
-		shift ; patch_format="$1" ;;
+		rebasing=t threeway=t ;;
+	--resolvemsg=*)
+		resolvemsg="${1#--resolvemsg=}" ;;
+	--whitespace=*|--directory=*|--exclude=*|--include=*)
+		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $(sq "$1")" ;;
+	-C*|-p*)
+		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $(sq "$1")" ;;
+	--patch-format=*)
+		patch_format="${1#--patch-format=}" ;;
 	--reject|--ignore-whitespace|--ignore-space-change)
 		git_apply_opt="$git_apply_opt $1" ;;
 	--committer-date-is-author-date)
@@ -430,6 +448,10 @@ do
 		keepcr=t ;;
 	--no-keep-cr)
 		keepcr=f ;;
+	--gpg-sign)
+		gpg_sign_opt=-S ;;
+	--gpg-sign=*)
+		gpg_sign_opt="-S${1#--gpg-sign=}" ;;
 	--)
 		shift; break ;;
 	*)
@@ -441,6 +463,8 @@ done
 # If the dotest directory exists, but we have finished applying all the
 # patches in them, clear it out.
 if test -d "$dotest" &&
+   test -f "$dotest/last" &&
+   test -f "$dotest/next" &&
    last=$(cat "$dotest/last") &&
    next=$(cat "$dotest/next") &&
    test $# != 0 &&
@@ -449,7 +473,7 @@ then
    rm -fr "$dotest"
 fi
 
-if test -d "$dotest"
+if test -d "$dotest" && test -f "$dotest/last" && test -f "$dotest/next"
 then
 	case "$#,$skip$resolved$abort" in
 	0,*t*)
@@ -499,7 +523,24 @@ then
 	esac
 	rm -f "$dotest/dirtyindex"
 else
-	# Make sure we are not given --skip, --resolved, nor --abort
+	# Possible stray $dotest directory in the independent-run
+	# case; in the --rebasing case, it is upto the caller
+	# (git-rebase--am) to take care of stray directories.
+	if test -d "$dotest" && test -z "$rebasing"
+	then
+		case "$skip,$resolved,$abort" in
+		,,t)
+			rm -fr "$dotest"
+			exit 0
+			;;
+		*)
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Stray \$dotest directory found.
+Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it.")"
+			;;
+		esac
+	fi
+
+	# Make sure we are not given --skip, --continue, or --abort
 	test "$skip$resolved$abort" = "" ||
 		die "$(gettext "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming.")"
 
@@ -536,6 +577,7 @@ else
 	echo "$sign" >"$dotest/sign"
 	echo "$utf8" >"$dotest/utf8"
 	echo "$keep" >"$dotest/keep"
+	echo "$messageid" >"$dotest/messageid"
 	echo "$scissors" >"$dotest/scissors"
 	echo "$no_inbody_headers" >"$dotest/no_inbody_headers"
 	echo "$GIT_QUIET" >"$dotest/quiet"
@@ -590,6 +632,12 @@ b)
 *)
 	keep= ;;
 esac
+case "$(cat "$dotest/messageid")" in
+t)
+	messageid=-m ;;
+f)
+	messageid= ;;
+esac
 case "$(cat "$dotest/scissors")" in
 t)
 	scissors=--scissors ;;
@@ -613,26 +661,26 @@ fi
 git_apply_opt=$(cat "$dotest/apply-opt")
 if test "$(cat "$dotest/sign")" = t
 then
-	SIGNOFF=`git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT | sed -e '
+	SIGNOFF=$(git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT | sed -e '
 			s/>.*/>/
 			s/^/Signed-off-by: /'
-		`
+		)
 else
 	SIGNOFF=
 fi
 
-last=`cat "$dotest/last"`
-this=`cat "$dotest/next"`
+last=$(cat "$dotest/last")
+this=$(cat "$dotest/next")
 if test "$skip" = t
 then
-	this=`expr "$this" + 1`
+	this=$(expr "$this" + 1)
 	resume=
 fi
 
 while test "$this" -le "$last"
 do
-	msgnum=`printf "%0${prec}d" $this`
-	next=`expr "$this" + 1`
+	msgnum=$(printf "%0${prec}d" $this)
+	next=$(expr "$this" + 1)
 	test -f "$dotest/$msgnum" || {
 		resume=
 		go_next
@@ -646,35 +694,37 @@ do
 	#  - patch is the patch body.
 	#
 	# When we are resuming, these files are either already prepared
-	# by the user, or the user can tell us to do so by --resolved flag.
+	# by the user, or the user can tell us to do so by --continue flag.
 	case "$resume" in
 	'')
-		git mailinfo $keep $no_inbody_headers $scissors $utf8 "$dotest/msg" "$dotest/patch" \
-			<"$dotest/$msgnum" >"$dotest/info" ||
-			stop_here $this
-
-		# skip pine's internal folder data
-		sane_grep '^Author: Mail System Internal Data$' \
-			<"$dotest"/info >/dev/null &&
-			go_next && continue
-
-		test -s "$dotest/patch" || {
-			eval_gettextln "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?
-If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"\$cmdline --skip\".
-To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
-			stop_here $this
-		}
-		rm -f "$dotest/original-commit" "$dotest/author-script"
-		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing" &&
+		if test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
+		then
 			commit=$(sed -e 's/^From \([0-9a-f]*\) .*/\1/' \
 				-e q "$dotest/$msgnum") &&
-			test "$(git cat-file -t "$commit")" = commit
-		then
+			test "$(git cat-file -t "$commit")" = commit ||
+				stop_here $this
 			git cat-file commit "$commit" |
 			sed -e '1,/^$/d' >"$dotest/msg-clean"
-			echo "$commit" > "$dotest/original-commit"
-			get_author_ident_from_commit "$commit" > "$dotest/author-script"
+			echo "$commit" >"$dotest/original-commit"
+			get_author_ident_from_commit "$commit" >"$dotest/author-script"
+			git diff-tree --root --binary --full-index "$commit" >"$dotest/patch"
 		else
+			git mailinfo $keep $no_inbody_headers $messageid $scissors $utf8 "$dotest/msg" "$dotest/patch" \
+				<"$dotest/$msgnum" >"$dotest/info" ||
+				stop_here $this
+
+			# skip pine's internal folder data
+			sane_grep '^Author: Mail System Internal Data$' \
+				<"$dotest"/info >/dev/null &&
+				go_next && continue
+
+			test -s "$dotest/patch" || {
+				eval_gettextln "Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?
+If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"\$cmdline --skip\".
+To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
+				stop_here $this
+			}
+			rm -f "$dotest/original-commit" "$dotest/author-script"
 			{
 				sed -n '/^Subject/ s/Subject: //p' "$dotest/info"
 				echo
@@ -706,16 +756,16 @@ To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 	'')
 	    if test '' != "$SIGNOFF"
 	    then
-		LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY=`
+		LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY=$(
 		    sed -ne '/^Signed-off-by: /p' \
 		    "$dotest/msg-clean" |
 		    sed -ne '$p'
-		`
-		ADD_SIGNOFF=`
+		)
+		ADD_SIGNOFF=$(
 		    test "$LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY" = "$SIGNOFF" || {
 		    test '' = "$LAST_SIGNED_OFF_BY" && echo
 		    echo "$SIGNOFF"
-		}`
+		})
 	    else
 		ADD_SIGNOFF=
 	    fi
@@ -771,13 +821,6 @@ To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 	    action=yes
 	fi
 
-	if test -f "$dotest/final-commit"
-	then
-		FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
-	else
-		FIRSTLINE=""
-	fi
-
 	if test $action = skip
 	then
 		go_next
@@ -790,6 +833,13 @@ To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"\$cmdline --abort\"."
 		stop_here $this
 	fi
 
+	if test -f "$dotest/final-commit"
+	then
+		FIRSTLINE=$(sed 1q "$dotest/final-commit")
+	else
+		FIRSTLINE=""
+	fi
+
 	say "$(eval_gettext "Applying: \$FIRSTLINE")"
 
 	case "$resolved" in
@@ -846,6 +896,11 @@ did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 	if test $apply_status != 0
 	then
 		eval_gettextln 'Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE'
+		if test "$(git config --bool advice.amworkdir)" != false
+		then
+			eval_gettextln 'The copy of the patch that failed is found in:
+   $dotest/patch'
+		fi
 		stop_here_user_resolve $this
 	fi
 
@@ -868,7 +923,8 @@ did you forget to use 'git add'?"
 			GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
 			export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 		fi &&
-		git commit-tree $tree ${parent:+-p} $parent <"$dotest/final-commit"
+		git commit-tree ${parent:+-p} $parent ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} $tree  \
+			<"$dotest/final-commit"
 	) &&
 	git update-ref -m "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $FIRSTLINE" HEAD $commit $parent ||
 	stop_here $this
@@ -892,5 +948,10 @@ if test -s "$dotest"/rewritten; then
     fi
 fi
 
-rm -fr "$dotest"
-git gc --auto
+# If am was called with --rebasing (from git-rebase--am), it's up to
+# the caller to take care of housekeeping.
+if ! test -f "$dotest/rebasing"
+then
+	rm -fr "$dotest"
+	git gc --auto
+fi
diff --git a/git-archimport.perl b/git-archimport.perl
index bc32f18d6d..9cb123a07d 100755
--- a/git-archimport.perl
+++ b/git-archimport.perl
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ our($opt_h,$opt_f,$opt_v,$opt_T,$opt_t,$opt_D,$opt_a,$opt_o);
 
 sub usage() {
     print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
+usage: git archimport     # fetch/update GIT from Arch
        [ -h ] [ -v ] [ -o ] [ -a ] [ -f ] [ -T ] [ -D depth ] [ -t tempdir ]
        repository/arch-branch [ repository/arch-branch] ...
 END
diff --git a/git-bisect.sh b/git-bisect.sh
index 99efbe8845..ae3fec22c4 100755
--- a/git-bisect.sh
+++ b/git-bisect.sh
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ bisect_start() {
 		if test "z$mode" != "z--no-checkout"
 		then
 			git checkout "$start_head" -- ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Checking out '\$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'.")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Checking out '\$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'.")"
 		fi
 	else
 		# Get rev from where we start.
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ bisect_start() {
 			# cogito usage, and cogito users should understand
 			# it relates to cg-seek.
 			[ -s "$GIT_DIR/head-name" ] &&
-				die "$(gettext "won't bisect on seeked tree")"
+				die "$(gettext "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree")"
 			start_head="${head#refs/heads/}"
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -237,15 +237,18 @@ bisect_state() {
 		check_expected_revs "$rev" ;;
 	2,bad|*,good|*,skip)
 		shift
-		eval=''
+		hash_list=''
 		for rev in "$@"
 		do
 			sha=$(git rev-parse --verify "$rev^{commit}") ||
 				die "$(eval_gettext "Bad rev input: \$rev")"
-			eval="$eval bisect_write '$state' '$sha'; "
+			hash_list="$hash_list $sha"
 		done
-		eval "$eval"
-		check_expected_revs "$@" ;;
+		for rev in $hash_list
+		do
+			bisect_write "$state" "$rev"
+		done
+		check_expected_revs $hash_list ;;
 	*,bad)
 		die "$(gettext "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument.")" ;;
 	*)
@@ -286,11 +289,11 @@ bisect_next_check() {
 
 		if test -s "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START"
 		then
-			gettextln "You need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.
+			gettextln "You need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.
 (You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)" >&2
 		else
 			gettextln "You need to start by \"git bisect start\".
-You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.
+You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.
 (You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)" >&2
 		fi
 		exit 1 ;;
@@ -311,7 +314,23 @@ bisect_next() {
 	res=$?
 
 	# Check if we should exit because bisection is finished
-	test $res -eq 10 && exit 0
+	if test $res -eq 10
+	then
+		bad_rev=$(git show-ref --hash --verify refs/bisect/bad)
+		bad_commit=$(git show-branch $bad_rev)
+		echo "# first bad commit: $bad_commit" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		exit 0
+	elif test $res -eq 2
+	then
+		echo "# only skipped commits left to test" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		good_revs=$(git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" "refs/bisect/good-*")
+		for skipped in $(git rev-list refs/bisect/bad --not $good_revs)
+		do
+			skipped_commit=$(git show-branch $skipped)
+			echo "# possible first bad commit: $skipped_commit" >>"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_LOG"
+		done
+		exit $res
+	fi
 
 	# Check for an error in the bisection process
 	test $res -ne 0 && exit $res
@@ -349,7 +368,7 @@ bisect_reset() {
 	}
 	case "$#" in
 	0) branch=$(cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_START") ;;
-	1) git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$1^{commit}" > /dev/null || {
+	1) git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$1^{commit}" >/dev/null || {
 			invalid="$1"
 			die "$(eval_gettext "'\$invalid' is not a valid commit")"
 		}
@@ -392,7 +411,7 @@ bisect_replay () {
 	bisect_reset
 	while read git bisect command rev
 	do
-		test "$git $bisect" = "git bisect" -o "$git" = "git-bisect" || continue
+		test "$git $bisect" = "git bisect" || test "$git" = "git-bisect" || continue
 		if test "$git" = "git-bisect"
 		then
 			rev="$command"
@@ -442,13 +461,13 @@ exit code \$res from '\$command' is < 0 or >= 128" >&2
 		fi
 
 		# We have to use a subshell because "bisect_state" can exit.
-		( bisect_state $state > "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" )
+		( bisect_state $state >"$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" )
 		res=$?
 
 		cat "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN"
 
 		if sane_grep "first bad commit could be any of" "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" \
-			> /dev/null
+			>/dev/null
 		then
 			gettextln "bisect run cannot continue any more" >&2
 			exit $res
@@ -461,7 +480,7 @@ exit code \$res from '\$command' is < 0 or >= 128" >&2
 			exit $res
 		fi
 
-		if sane_grep "is the first bad commit" "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" > /dev/null
+		if sane_grep "is the first bad commit" "$GIT_DIR/BISECT_RUN" >/dev/null
 		then
 			gettextln "bisect run success"
 			exit 0;
diff --git a/git-compat-util.h b/git-compat-util.h
index 426ae43be9..bc8fc8cf85 100644
--- a/git-compat-util.h
+++ b/git-compat-util.h
@@ -74,20 +74,27 @@
 # define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
 # endif
 #elif !defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__FreeBSD__) && !defined(__USLC__) && \
-      !defined(_M_UNIX) && !defined(__sgi) && !defined(__DragonFly__)
+      !defined(_M_UNIX) && !defined(__sgi) && !defined(__DragonFly__) && \
+      !defined(__TANDEM) && !defined(__QNX__) && !defined(__MirBSD__) && \
+      !defined(__CYGWIN__)
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* glibc2 and AIX 5.3L need 500, OpenBSD needs 600 for S_ISLNK() */
 #define _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED 1 /* AIX 5.3L needs this */
 #endif
 #define _ALL_SOURCE 1
 #define _GNU_SOURCE 1
 #define _BSD_SOURCE 1
+#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE 1
 #define _NETBSD_SOURCE 1
 #define _SGI_SOURCE 1
 
-#ifdef WIN32 /* Both MinGW and MSVC */
+#if defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) /* Both MinGW and MSVC */
+# if defined (_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN32_WINNT)
+#  define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502
+# endif
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN  /* stops windows.h including winsock.h */
 #include <winsock2.h>
 #include <windows.h>
+#define GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 #endif
 
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -98,15 +105,19 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_STRINGS_H
+#include <strings.h> /* for strcasecmp() */
+#endif
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#ifdef NEEDS_SYS_PARAM_H
 #include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <signal.h>
-#include <fnmatch.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <regex.h>
 #include <utime.h>
@@ -116,6 +127,10 @@
 #else
 #include <poll.h>
 #endif
+#ifdef HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+
 #if defined(__MINGW32__)
 /* pull in Windows compatibility stuff */
 #include "compat/mingw.h"
@@ -141,16 +156,45 @@
 #else
 #include <stdint.h>
 #endif
-#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
-#undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
-#include <grp.h>
-#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
-#include "compat/cygwin.h"
-#else
+#ifdef NO_INTPTR_T
+/*
+ * On I16LP32, ILP32 and LP64 "long" is the save bet, however
+ * on LLP86, IL33LLP64 and P64 it needs to be "long long",
+ * while on IP16 and IP16L32 it is "int" (resp. "short")
+ * Size needs to match (or exceed) 'sizeof(void *)'.
+ * We can't take "long long" here as not everybody has it.
+ */
+typedef long intptr_t;
+typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
+#endif
 #undef _ALL_SOURCE /* AIX 5.3L defines a struct list with _ALL_SOURCE. */
 #include <grp.h>
 #define _ALL_SOURCE 1
 #endif
+
+/* used on Mac OS X */
+#ifdef PRECOMPOSE_UNICODE
+#include "compat/precompose_utf8.h"
+#else
+#define precompose_str(in,i_nfd2nfc)
+#define precompose_argv(c,v)
+#define probe_utf8_pathname_composition(a,b)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKDIR_WO_TRAILING_SLASH
+#define mkdir(a,b) compat_mkdir_wo_trailing_slash((a),(b))
+extern int compat_mkdir_wo_trailing_slash(const char*, mode_t);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_STRUCT_ITIMERVAL
+struct itimerval {
+	struct timeval it_interval;
+	struct timeval it_value;
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NO_SETITIMER
+#define setitimer(which,value,ovalue)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NO_LIBGEN_H
@@ -165,8 +209,29 @@ extern char *gitbasename(char *);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#define __AVAILABILITY_MACROS_USES_AVAILABILITY 0
+#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+#undef DEPRECATED_ATTRIBUTE
+#define DEPRECATED_ATTRIBUTE
+#undef __AVAILABILITY_MACROS_USES_AVAILABILITY
+#endif
 #include <openssl/ssl.h>
 #include <openssl/err.h>
+#ifdef NO_HMAC_CTX_CLEANUP
+#define HMAC_CTX_cleanup HMAC_cleanup
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* On most systems <netdb.h> would have given us this, but
+ * not on some systems (e.g. z/OS).
+ */
+#ifndef NI_MAXHOST
+#define NI_MAXHOST 1025
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NI_MAXSERV
+#define NI_MAXSERV 32
 #endif
 
 /* On most systems <limits.h> would have given us this, but
@@ -208,15 +273,35 @@ extern char *gitbasename(char *);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef has_dos_drive_prefix
-#define has_dos_drive_prefix(path) 0
+static inline int git_has_dos_drive_prefix(const char *path)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#define has_dos_drive_prefix git_has_dos_drive_prefix
 #endif
 
 #ifndef is_dir_sep
-#define is_dir_sep(c) ((c) == '/')
+static inline int git_is_dir_sep(int c)
+{
+	return c == '/';
+}
+#define is_dir_sep git_is_dir_sep
+#endif
+
+#ifndef offset_1st_component
+static inline int git_offset_1st_component(const char *path)
+{
+	return is_dir_sep(path[0]);
+}
+#define offset_1st_component git_offset_1st_component
 #endif
 
 #ifndef find_last_dir_sep
-#define find_last_dir_sep(path) strrchr(path, '/')
+static inline char *git_find_last_dir_sep(const char *path)
+{
+	return strrchr(path, '/');
+}
+#define find_last_dir_sep git_find_last_dir_sep
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__HP_cc) && (__HP_cc >= 61000)
@@ -231,13 +316,26 @@ extern char *gitbasename(char *);
 #else
 #define NORETURN
 #define NORETURN_PTR
+#ifndef __GNUC__
 #ifndef __attribute__
 #define __attribute__(x)
 #endif
 #endif
+#endif
+
+/* The sentinel attribute is valid from gcc version 4.0 */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 4)
+#define LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL __attribute__((sentinel))
+#else
+#define LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+#endif
 
 #include "compat/bswap.h"
 
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+
+struct strbuf;
+
 /* General helper functions */
 extern void vreportf(const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params);
 extern void vwritef(int fd, const char *prefix, const char *err, va_list params);
@@ -248,16 +346,96 @@ extern NORETURN void die_errno(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (prin
 extern int error(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 extern void warning(const char *err, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
 
+#ifndef NO_OPENSSL
+#ifdef APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO
+#include "compat/apple-common-crypto.h"
+#else
+#include <openssl/evp.h>
+#include <openssl/hmac.h>
+#endif /* APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO */
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+#endif /* NO_OPENSSL */
+
+/*
+ * Let callers be aware of the constant return value; this can help
+ * gcc with -Wuninitialized analysis. We restrict this trick to gcc, though,
+ * because some compilers may not support variadic macros. Since we're only
+ * trying to help gcc, anyway, it's OK; other compilers will fall back to
+ * using the function as usual.
+ */
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+static inline int const_error(void)
+{
+	return -1;
+}
+#define error(...) (error(__VA_ARGS__), const_error())
+#endif
+
 extern void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
 extern void set_error_routine(void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params));
+extern void set_die_is_recursing_routine(int (*routine)(void));
+
+extern int starts_with(const char *str, const char *prefix);
+
+/*
+ * If the string "str" begins with the string found in "prefix", return 1.
+ * The "out" parameter is set to "str + strlen(prefix)" (i.e., to the point in
+ * the string right after the prefix).
+ *
+ * Otherwise, return 0 and leave "out" untouched.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ *   [extract branch name, fail if not a branch]
+ *   if (!skip_prefix(ref, "refs/heads/", &branch)
+ *	return -1;
+ *
+ *   [skip prefix if present, otherwise use whole string]
+ *   skip_prefix(name, "refs/heads/", &name);
+ */
+static inline int skip_prefix(const char *str, const char *prefix,
+			      const char **out)
+{
+	do {
+		if (!*prefix) {
+			*out = str;
+			return 1;
+		}
+	} while (*str++ == *prefix++);
+	return 0;
+}
 
-extern int prefixcmp(const char *str, const char *prefix);
-extern int suffixcmp(const char *str, const char *suffix);
+/*
+ * If buf ends with suffix, return 1 and subtract the length of the suffix
+ * from *len. Otherwise, return 0 and leave *len untouched.
+ */
+static inline int strip_suffix_mem(const char *buf, size_t *len,
+				   const char *suffix)
+{
+	size_t suflen = strlen(suffix);
+	if (*len < suflen || memcmp(buf + (*len - suflen), suffix, suflen))
+		return 0;
+	*len -= suflen;
+	return 1;
+}
 
-static inline const char *skip_prefix(const char *str, const char *prefix)
+/*
+ * If str ends with suffix, return 1 and set *len to the size of the string
+ * without the suffix. Otherwise, return 0 and set *len to the size of the
+ * string.
+ *
+ * Note that we do _not_ NUL-terminate str to the new length.
+ */
+static inline int strip_suffix(const char *str, const char *suffix, size_t *len)
 {
-	size_t len = strlen(prefix);
-	return strncmp(str, prefix, len) ? NULL : str + len;
+	*len = strlen(str);
+	return strip_suffix_mem(str, len, suffix);
+}
+
+static inline int ends_with(const char *str, const char *suffix)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	return strip_suffix(str, suffix, &len);
 }
 
 #if defined(NO_MMAP) || defined(USE_WIN32_MMAP)
@@ -304,6 +482,40 @@ extern int git_munmap(void *start, size_t length);
 #define on_disk_bytes(st) ((st).st_blocks * 512)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef NEEDS_MODE_TRANSLATION
+#undef S_IFMT
+#undef S_IFREG
+#undef S_IFDIR
+#undef S_IFLNK
+#undef S_IFBLK
+#undef S_IFCHR
+#undef S_IFIFO
+#undef S_IFSOCK
+#define S_IFMT   0170000
+#define S_IFREG  0100000
+#define S_IFDIR  0040000
+#define S_IFLNK  0120000
+#define S_IFBLK  0060000
+#define S_IFCHR  0020000
+#define S_IFIFO  0010000
+#define S_IFSOCK 0140000
+#ifdef stat
+#undef stat
+#endif
+#define stat(path, buf) git_stat(path, buf)
+extern int git_stat(const char *, struct stat *);
+#ifdef fstat
+#undef fstat
+#endif
+#define fstat(fd, buf) git_fstat(fd, buf)
+extern int git_fstat(int, struct stat *);
+#ifdef lstat
+#undef lstat
+#endif
+#define lstat(path, buf) git_lstat(path, buf)
+extern int git_lstat(const char *, struct stat *);
+#endif
+
 #define DEFAULT_PACKED_GIT_LIMIT \
 	((1024L * 1024L) * (sizeof(void*) >= 8 ? 8192 : 256))
 
@@ -355,11 +567,6 @@ extern uintmax_t gitstrtoumax(const char *, char **, int);
 extern intmax_t gitstrtoimax(const char *, char **, int);
 #endif
 
-#ifdef NO_STRTOK_R
-#define strtok_r gitstrtok_r
-extern char *gitstrtok_r(char *s, const char *delim, char **save_ptr);
-#endif
-
 #ifdef NO_HSTRERROR
 #define hstrerror githstrerror
 extern const char *githstrerror(int herror);
@@ -371,6 +578,10 @@ void *gitmemmem(const void *haystack, size_t haystacklen,
                 const void *needle, size_t needlelen);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef NO_GETPAGESIZE
+#define getpagesize() sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)
+#endif
+
 #ifdef FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES
 #ifdef fopen
 #undef fopen
@@ -380,9 +591,15 @@ extern FILE *git_fopen(const char*, const char*);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SNPRINTF_RETURNS_BOGUS
+#ifdef snprintf
+#undef snprintf
+#endif
 #define snprintf git_snprintf
 extern int git_snprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize,
 			const char *format, ...);
+#ifdef vsnprintf
+#undef vsnprintf
+#endif
 #define vsnprintf git_vsnprintf
 extern int git_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t maxsize,
 			 const char *format, va_list ap);
@@ -421,14 +638,28 @@ int inet_pton(int af, const char *src, void *dst);
 const char *inet_ntop(int af, const void *src, char *dst, size_t size);
 #endif
 
-extern void release_pack_memory(size_t, int);
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+#define atexit git_atexit
+extern int git_atexit(void (*handler)(void));
+#endif
+
+extern void release_pack_memory(size_t);
 
 typedef void (*try_to_free_t)(size_t);
 extern try_to_free_t set_try_to_free_routine(try_to_free_t);
 
+#ifdef HAVE_ALLOCA_H
+# include <alloca.h>
+# define xalloca(size)      (alloca(size))
+# define xalloca_free(p)    do {} while (0)
+#else
+# define xalloca(size)      (xmalloc(size))
+# define xalloca_free(p)    (free(p))
+#endif
 extern char *xstrdup(const char *str);
 extern void *xmalloc(size_t size);
 extern void *xmallocz(size_t size);
+extern void *xmallocz_gently(size_t size);
 extern void *xmemdupz(const void *data, size_t len);
 extern char *xstrndup(const char *str, size_t len);
 extern void *xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
@@ -436,12 +667,21 @@ extern void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
 extern void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset);
 extern ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len);
 extern ssize_t xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len);
+extern ssize_t xpread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len, off_t offset);
 extern int xdup(int fd);
 extern FILE *xfdopen(int fd, const char *mode);
 extern int xmkstemp(char *template);
 extern int xmkstemp_mode(char *template, int mode);
 extern int odb_mkstemp(char *template, size_t limit, const char *pattern);
-extern int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern int odb_pack_keep(char *name, size_t namesz, const unsigned char *sha1);
+extern char *xgetcwd(void);
+
+#define REALLOC_ARRAY(x, alloc) (x) = xrealloc((x), (alloc) * sizeof(*(x)))
+
+static inline char *xstrdup_or_null(const char *str)
+{
+	return str ? xstrdup(str) : NULL;
+}
 
 static inline size_t xsize_t(off_t len)
 {
@@ -450,12 +690,8 @@ static inline size_t xsize_t(off_t len)
 	return (size_t)len;
 }
 
-static inline int has_extension(const char *filename, const char *ext)
-{
-	size_t len = strlen(filename);
-	size_t extlen = strlen(ext);
-	return len > extlen && !memcmp(filename + len - extlen, ext, extlen);
-}
+/* in ctype.c, for kwset users */
+extern const unsigned char tolower_trans_tbl[256];
 
 /* Sane ctype - no locale, and works with signed chars */
 #undef isascii
@@ -463,27 +699,39 @@ static inline int has_extension(const char *filename, const char *ext)
 #undef isdigit
 #undef isalpha
 #undef isalnum
+#undef isprint
 #undef islower
 #undef isupper
 #undef tolower
 #undef toupper
-extern unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
+#undef iscntrl
+#undef ispunct
+#undef isxdigit
+
+extern const unsigned char sane_ctype[256];
 #define GIT_SPACE 0x01
 #define GIT_DIGIT 0x02
 #define GIT_ALPHA 0x04
 #define GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL 0x08
 #define GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL 0x10
 #define GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC 0x20
+#define GIT_CNTRL 0x40
+#define GIT_PUNCT 0x80
 #define sane_istest(x,mask) ((sane_ctype[(unsigned char)(x)] & (mask)) != 0)
 #define isascii(x) (((x) & ~0x7f) == 0)
 #define isspace(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_SPACE)
 #define isdigit(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_DIGIT)
 #define isalpha(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_ALPHA)
 #define isalnum(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_ALPHA | GIT_DIGIT)
+#define isprint(x) ((x) >= 0x20 && (x) <= 0x7e)
 #define islower(x) sane_iscase(x, 1)
 #define isupper(x) sane_iscase(x, 0)
 #define is_glob_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL)
 #define is_regex_special(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL)
+#define iscntrl(x) (sane_istest(x,GIT_CNTRL))
+#define ispunct(x) sane_istest(x, GIT_PUNCT | GIT_REGEX_SPECIAL | \
+		GIT_GLOB_SPECIAL | GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
+#define isxdigit(x) (hexval_table[(unsigned char)(x)] != -1)
 #define tolower(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0x20)
 #define toupper(x) sane_case((unsigned char)(x), 0)
 #define is_pathspec_magic(x) sane_istest(x,GIT_PATHSPEC_MAGIC)
@@ -577,13 +825,27 @@ void git_qsort(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || (_MSC_VER >= 1400) || defined(__C99_MACRO_WITH_VA_ARGS)
+#define HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS 1
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Preserves errno, prints a message, but gives no warning for ENOENT.
- * Always returns the return value of unlink(2).
+ * Returns 0 on success, which includes trying to unlink an object that does
+ * not exist.
  */
 int unlink_or_warn(const char *path);
+ /*
+  * Tries to unlink file.  Returns 0 if unlink succeeded
+  * or the file already didn't exist.  Returns -1 and
+  * appends a message to err suitable for
+  * 'error("%s", err->buf)' on error.
+  */
+int unlink_or_msg(const char *file, struct strbuf *err);
 /*
- * Likewise for rmdir(2).
+ * Preserves errno, prints a message, but gives no warning for ENOENT.
+ * Returns 0 on success, which includes trying to remove a directory that does
+ * not exist.
  */
 int rmdir_or_warn(const char *path);
 /*
@@ -592,4 +854,33 @@ int rmdir_or_warn(const char *path);
  */
 int remove_or_warn(unsigned int mode, const char *path);
 
+/*
+ * Call access(2), but warn for any error except "missing file"
+ * (ENOENT or ENOTDIR).
+ */
+#define ACCESS_EACCES_OK (1U << 0)
+int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag);
+int access_or_die(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag);
+
+/* Warn on an inaccessible file that ought to be accessible */
+void warn_on_inaccessible(const char *path);
+
+/* Get the passwd entry for the UID of the current process. */
+struct passwd *xgetpwuid_self(void);
+
+#ifdef GMTIME_UNRELIABLE_ERRORS
+struct tm *git_gmtime(const time_t *);
+struct tm *git_gmtime_r(const time_t *, struct tm *);
+#define gmtime git_gmtime
+#define gmtime_r git_gmtime_r
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N) && defined(__GNUC__)
+#define USE_PARENS_AROUND_GETTEXT_N 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SHELL_PATH
+# define SHELL_PATH "/bin/sh"
+#endif
+
 #endif
diff --git a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
index e6bf25232c..d13f02da95 100755
--- a/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
+++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.perl
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ sleep(1);
 
 sub usage {
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
+usage: GIT_DIR=/path/to/.git git cvsexportcommit [-h] [-p] [-v] [-c] [-f] [-u] [-k] [-w cvsworkdir] [-m msgprefix] [ parent ] commit
 END
 	exit(1);
 }
diff --git a/git-cvsimport.perl b/git-cvsimport.perl
index 8d41610bcf..73d367cea8 100755
--- a/git-cvsimport.perl
+++ b/git-cvsimport.perl
@@ -24,20 +24,21 @@ use File::Basename qw(basename dirname);
 use Time::Local;
 use IO::Socket;
 use IO::Pipe;
-use POSIX qw(strftime dup2 ENOENT);
+use POSIX qw(strftime tzset dup2 ENOENT);
 use IPC::Open2;
+use Git qw(get_tz_offset);
 
 $SIG{'PIPE'}="IGNORE";
-$ENV{'TZ'}="UTC";
+set_timezone('UTC');
 
 our ($opt_h,$opt_o,$opt_v,$opt_k,$opt_u,$opt_d,$opt_p,$opt_C,$opt_z,$opt_i,$opt_P, $opt_s,$opt_m,@opt_M,$opt_A,$opt_S,$opt_L, $opt_a, $opt_r, $opt_R);
-my (%conv_author_name, %conv_author_email);
+my (%conv_author_name, %conv_author_email, %conv_author_tz);
 
 sub usage(;$) {
 	my $msg = shift;
 	print(STDERR "Error: $msg\n") if $msg;
 	print STDERR <<END;
-Usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
+usage: git cvsimport     # fetch/update GIT from CVS
        [-o branch-for-HEAD] [-h] [-v] [-d CVSROOT] [-A author-conv-file]
        [-p opts-for-cvsps] [-P file] [-C GIT_repository] [-z fuzz] [-i] [-k]
        [-u] [-s subst] [-a] [-m] [-M regex] [-S regex] [-L commitlimit]
@@ -59,6 +60,14 @@ sub read_author_info($) {
 			$conv_author_name{$user} = $2;
 			$conv_author_email{$user} = $3;
 		}
+		# or with an optional timezone:
+		#   spawn=Simon Pawn <spawn@frog-pond.org> America/Chicago
+		elsif (m/^(\S+?)\s*=\s*(.+?)\s*<(.+)>\s*(\S+?)\s*$/) {
+			$user = $1;
+			$conv_author_name{$user} = $2;
+			$conv_author_email{$user} = $3;
+			$conv_author_tz{$user} = $4;
+		}
 		# However, we also read from CVSROOT/users format
 		# to ease migration.
 		elsif (/^(\w+):(['"]?)(.+?)\2\s*$/) {
@@ -84,11 +93,22 @@ sub write_author_info($) {
 	  die("Failed to open $file for writing: $!");
 
 	foreach (keys %conv_author_name) {
-		print $f "$_=$conv_author_name{$_} <$conv_author_email{$_}>\n";
+		print $f "$_=$conv_author_name{$_} <$conv_author_email{$_}>";
+		print $f " $conv_author_tz{$_}" if ($conv_author_tz{$_});
+		print $f "\n";
 	}
 	close ($f);
 }
 
+# Versions of perl before 5.10.0 may not automatically check $TZ each
+# time localtime is run (most platforms will do so only the first time).
+# We can work around this by using tzset() to update the internal
+# variable whenever we change the environment.
+sub set_timezone {
+	$ENV{TZ} = shift;
+	tzset();
+}
+
 # convert getopts specs for use by git config
 my %longmap = (
 	'A:' => 'authors-file',
@@ -795,7 +815,7 @@ sub write_tree () {
 	return $tree;
 }
 
-my ($patchset,$date,$author_name,$author_email,$branch,$ancestor,$tag,$logmsg);
+my ($patchset,$date,$author_name,$author_email,$author_tz,$branch,$ancestor,$tag,$logmsg);
 my (@old,@new,@skipped,%ignorebranch,@commit_revisions);
 
 # commits that cvsps cannot place anywhere...
@@ -844,7 +864,11 @@ sub commit {
 		}
 	}
 
-	my $commit_date = strftime("+0000 %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",gmtime($date));
+	set_timezone($author_tz);
+	# $date is in the seconds since epoch format
+	my $tz_offset = get_tz_offset($date);
+	my $commit_date = "$date $tz_offset";
+	set_timezone('UTC');
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $author_name;
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $author_email;
 	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $commit_date;
@@ -889,10 +913,37 @@ sub commit {
 		$xtag =~ s/\s+\*\*.*$//; # Remove stuff like ** INVALID ** and ** FUNKY **
 		$xtag =~ tr/_/\./ if ( $opt_u );
 		$xtag =~ s/[\/]/$opt_s/g;
-		$xtag =~ s/\[//g;
 
-		system('git' , 'tag', '-f', $xtag, $cid) == 0
-			or die "Cannot create tag $xtag: $!\n";
+		# See refs.c for these rules.
+		# Tag cannot contain bad chars. (See bad_ref_char in refs.c.)
+		$xtag =~ s/[ ~\^:\\\*\?\[]//g;
+		# Other bad strings for tags:
+		# (See check_refname_component in refs.c.)
+		1 while $xtag =~ s/
+			(?: \.\.        # Tag cannot contain '..'.
+			|   \@{         # Tag cannot contain '@{'.
+			| ^ -           # Tag cannot begin with '-'.
+			|   \.lock $    # Tag cannot end with '.lock'.
+			| ^ \.          # Tag cannot begin...
+			|   \. $        # ...or end with '.'
+			)//xg;
+		# Tag cannot be empty.
+		if ($xtag eq '') {
+			warn("warning: ignoring tag '$tag'",
+			" with invalid tagname\n");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (system('git' , 'tag', '-f', $xtag, $cid) != 0) {
+			# We did our best to sanitize the tag, but still failed
+			# for whatever reason. Bail out, and give the user
+			# enough information to understand if/how we should
+			# improve the translation in the future.
+			if ($tag ne $xtag) {
+				print "Translated '$tag' tag to '$xtag'\n";
+			}
+			die "Cannot create tag $xtag: $!\n";
+		}
 
 		print "Created tag '$xtag' on '$branch'\n" if $opt_v;
 	}
@@ -918,12 +969,14 @@ while (<CVS>) {
 		}
 		$state=3;
 	} elsif ($state == 3 and s/^Author:\s+//) {
+		$author_tz = "UTC";
 		s/\s+$//;
 		if (/^(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
 		    ($author_name, $author_email) = ($1, $2);
 		} elsif ($conv_author_name{$_}) {
 			$author_name = $conv_author_name{$_};
 			$author_email = $conv_author_email{$_};
+			$author_tz = $conv_author_tz{$_} if ($conv_author_tz{$_});
 		} else {
 		    $author_name = $author_email = $_;
 		}
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.perl b/git-cvsserver.perl
index b8eddabc94..95e69b19a7 100755
--- a/git-cvsserver.perl
+++ b/git-cvsserver.perl
@@ -51,11 +51,16 @@ $| = 1;
 
 #### Definition and mappings of functions ####
 
+# NOTE: Despite the existence of req_CATCHALL and req_EMPTY unimplemented
+#  requests, this list is incomplete.  It is missing many rarer/optional
+#  requests.  Perhaps some clients require a claim of support for
+#  these specific requests for main functionality to work?
 my $methods = {
     'Root'            => \&req_Root,
     'Valid-responses' => \&req_Validresponses,
     'valid-requests'  => \&req_validrequests,
     'Directory'       => \&req_Directory,
+    'Sticky'          => \&req_Sticky,
     'Entry'           => \&req_Entry,
     'Modified'        => \&req_Modified,
     'Unchanged'       => \&req_Unchanged,
@@ -80,7 +85,6 @@ my $methods = {
     'noop'            => \&req_EMPTY,
     'annotate'        => \&req_annotate,
     'Global_option'   => \&req_Globaloption,
-    #'annotate'        => \&req_CATCHALL,
 };
 
 ##############################################
@@ -103,7 +107,7 @@ my $work =
 $log->info("--------------- STARTING -----------------");
 
 my $usage =
-    "Usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
+    "usage: git cvsserver [options] [pserver|server] [<directory> ...]\n".
     "    --base-path <path>  : Prepend to requested CVSROOT\n".
     "                          Can be read from GIT_CVSSERVER_BASE_PATH\n".
     "    --strict-paths      : Don't allow recursing into subdirectories\n".
@@ -426,10 +430,10 @@ sub req_validrequests
 
     $log->debug("req_validrequests");
 
-    $log->debug("SEND : Valid-requests " . join(" ",keys %$methods));
+    $log->debug("SEND : Valid-requests " . join(" ",sort keys %$methods));
     $log->debug("SEND : ok");
 
-    print "Valid-requests " . join(" ",keys %$methods) . "\n";
+    print "Valid-requests " . join(" ",sort keys %$methods) . "\n";
     print "ok\n";
 }
 
@@ -467,11 +471,19 @@ sub req_Directory
     {
         $log->info("Setting prepend to '$state->{path}'");
         $state->{prependdir} = $state->{path};
+        my %entries;
         foreach my $entry ( keys %{$state->{entries}} )
         {
-            $state->{entries}{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
-            delete $state->{entries}{$entry};
+            $entries{$state->{prependdir} . $entry} = $state->{entries}{$entry};
         }
+        $state->{entries}=\%entries;
+
+        my %dirMap;
+        foreach my $dir ( keys %{$state->{dirMap}} )
+        {
+            $dirMap{$state->{prependdir} . $dir} = $state->{dirMap}{$dir};
+        }
+        $state->{dirMap}=\%dirMap;
     }
 
     if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) )
@@ -479,9 +491,60 @@ sub req_Directory
         $log->debug("Prepending '$state->{prependdir}' to state|directory");
         $state->{directory} = $state->{prependdir} . $state->{directory}
     }
+
+    if ( ! defined($state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}) )
+    {
+        $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}} =
+            {
+                'names' => {}
+                #'tagspec' => undef
+            };
+    }
+
     $log->debug("req_Directory : localdir=$data repository=$repository path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory} module=$state->{module}");
 }
 
+# Sticky tagspec \n
+#     Response expected: no. Tell the server that the directory most
+#     recently specified with Directory has a sticky tag or date
+#     tagspec. The first character of tagspec is T for a tag, D for
+#     a date, or some other character supplied by a Set-sticky
+#     response from a previous request to the server. The remainder
+#     of tagspec contains the actual tag or date, again as supplied
+#     by Set-sticky.
+#          The server should remember Static-directory and Sticky requests
+#     for a particular directory; the client need not resend them each
+#     time it sends a Directory request for a given directory. However,
+#     the server is not obliged to remember them beyond the context
+#     of a single command.
+sub req_Sticky
+{
+    my ( $cmd, $tagspec ) = @_;
+
+    my ( $stickyInfo );
+    if($tagspec eq "")
+    {
+        # nothing
+    }
+    elsif($tagspec=~/^T([^ ]+)\s*$/)
+    {
+        $stickyInfo = { 'tag' => $1 };
+    }
+    elsif($tagspec=~/^D([0-9.]+)\s*$/)
+    {
+        $stickyInfo= { 'date' => $1 };
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        die "Unknown tag_or_date format\n";
+    }
+    $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}{stickyInfo}=$stickyInfo;
+
+    $log->debug("req_Sticky : tagspec=$tagspec repository=$state->{repository}"
+                . " path=$state->{path} directory=$state->{directory}"
+                . " module=$state->{module}");
+}
+
 # Entry entry-line \n
 #     Response expected: no. Tell the server what version of a file is on the
 #     local machine. The name in entry-line is a name relative to the directory
@@ -499,7 +562,7 @@ sub req_Entry
 
     #$log->debug("req_Entry : $data");
 
-    my @data = split(/\//, $data);
+    my @data = split(/\//, $data, -1);
 
     $state->{entries}{$state->{directory}.$data[1]} = {
         revision    => $data[2],
@@ -508,6 +571,8 @@ sub req_Entry
         tag_or_date => $data[5],
     };
 
+    $state->{dirMap}{$state->{directory}}{names}{$data[1]} = 'F';
+
     $log->info("Received entry line '$data' => '" . $state->{directory} . $data[1] . "'");
 }
 
@@ -540,21 +605,22 @@ sub req_add
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    argsfromdir($updater);
-
     my $addcount = 0;
 
     foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        # no -r, -A, or -D with add
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        if ($wrev && $meta && ($wrev < 0))
+        if ($wrev && $meta && ($wrev=~/^-/))
         {
             # previously removed file, add back
-            $log->info("added file $filename was previously removed, send 1.$meta->{revision}");
+            $log->info("added file $filename was previously removed, send $meta->{revision}");
 
             print "MT +updated\n";
             print "MT text U \n";
@@ -571,8 +637,10 @@ sub req_add
 
                 # this is an "entries" line
                 my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-                $log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-                print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                my $entryLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                $entryLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                $log->debug($entryLine);
+                print "$entryLine\n";
                 # permissions
                 $log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
                 print "u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}\n";
@@ -603,7 +671,8 @@ sub req_add
         print "$filename\n";
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"file",
                         $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename});
-        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$filepart/0//$kopts/" .
+              getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
 
         my $requestedKopts = $state->{opt}{k};
         if(defined($requestedKopts))
@@ -671,7 +740,10 @@ sub req_remove
             next;
         }
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        # only from entries
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
         unless ( defined ( $wrev ) )
@@ -680,13 +752,13 @@ sub req_remove
             next;
         }
 
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev < 0 )
+        if ( defined($wrev) and ($wrev=~/^-/) )
         {
             print "E cvs remove: file `$filename' already scheduled for removal\n";
             next;
         }
 
-        unless ( $wrev == $meta->{revision} )
+        unless ( $wrev eq $meta->{revision} )
         {
             # TODO : not sure if the format of this message is quite correct.
             print "E cvs remove: Up to date check failed for `$filename'\n";
@@ -701,7 +773,7 @@ sub req_remove
         print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
         print "$filename\n";
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-        print "/$filepart/-1.$wrev//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$filepart/-$wrev//$kopts/" . getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
 
         $rmcount++;
     }
@@ -881,6 +953,9 @@ sub req_co
         return 1;
     }
 
+    my $stickyInfo = { 'tag' => $state->{opt}{r},
+                       'date' => $state->{opt}{D} };
+
     my $module = $state->{args}[0];
     $state->{module} = $module;
     my $checkout_path = $module;
@@ -898,64 +973,32 @@ sub req_co
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $module, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    $checkout_path =~ s|/$||; # get rid of trailing slashes
+    my $headHash;
+    if( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+    {
+        $headHash = $updater->lookupCommitRef($stickyInfo->{tag});
+        if( !defined($headHash) )
+        {
+            print "error 1 no such tag `$stickyInfo->{tag}'\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+    }
 
-    # Eclipse seems to need the Clear-sticky command
-    # to prepare the 'Entries' file for the new directory.
-    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Clear-static-directory $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Clear-sticky $checkout_path/\n"; # yes, twice
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "Template $checkout_path/\n";
-    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/\n";
-    print "0\n";
-
-    # instruct the client that we're checking out to $checkout_path
-    print "E cvs checkout: Updating $checkout_path\n";
+    $checkout_path =~ s|/$||; # get rid of trailing slashes
 
     my %seendirs = ();
     my $lastdir ='';
 
-    # recursive
-    sub prepdir {
-       my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs) = @_;
-       my $parent = dirname($dir);
-       $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
-       $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
-       $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
-       $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
-       $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
-
-       if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './') {
-           $parent = '';
-       }
-       # recurse to announce unseen parents first
-       if (length($parent) && !exists($seendirs->{$parent})) {
-           prepdir($parent, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs);
-       }
-       # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
-       if ($parent) {
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir/$parent\n";
-       } else {
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating $remotedir\n";
-       }
-       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
-
-       print "Clear-static-directory $remotedir/$dir/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
-       print "Clear-sticky $remotedir/$parent/\n"; # yes, twice
-       print "$repodir/$parent/\n";
-       print "Template $remotedir/$dir/\n";
-       print "$repodir/$dir/\n";
-       print "0\n";
-
-       $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
-    }
-
-    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->gethead} )
+    prepDirForOutput(
+            ".",
+            $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module",
+            $checkout_path,
+            \%seendirs,
+            'checkout',
+            $state->{dirArgs} );
+
+    foreach my $git ( @{$updater->getAnyHead($headHash)} )
     {
         # Don't want to check out deleted files
         next if ( $git->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
@@ -963,16 +1006,13 @@ sub req_co
         my $fullName = $git->{name};
         ( $git->{name}, $git->{dir} ) = filenamesplit($git->{name});
 
-       if (length($git->{dir}) && $git->{dir} ne './'
-           && $git->{dir} ne $lastdir ) {
-           unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
-               prepdir($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
-                       $checkout_path, \%seendirs);
-               $lastdir = $git->{dir};
-               $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
-           }
-           print "E cvs checkout: Updating /$checkout_path/$git->{dir}\n";
-       }
+        unless (exists($seendirs{$git->{dir}})) {
+            prepDirForOutput($git->{dir}, $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$module/",
+                             $checkout_path, \%seendirs, 'checkout',
+                             $state->{dirArgs} );
+            $lastdir = $git->{dir};
+            $seendirs{$git->{dir}} = 1;
+        }
 
         # modification time of this file
         print "Mod-time $git->{modified}\n";
@@ -992,7 +1032,8 @@ sub req_co
 
         # this is an "entries" line
         my $kopts = kopts_from_path($fullName,"sha1",$git->{filehash});
-        print "/$git->{name}/1.$git->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+        print "/$git->{name}/$git->{revision}//$kopts/" .
+                        getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
         # permissions
         print "u=$git->{mode},g=$git->{mode},o=$git->{mode}\n";
 
@@ -1005,6 +1046,119 @@ sub req_co
     statecleanup();
 }
 
+# used by req_co and req_update to set up directories for files
+# recursively handles parents
+sub prepDirForOutput
+{
+    my ($dir, $repodir, $remotedir, $seendirs, $request, $dirArgs) = @_;
+
+    my $parent = dirname($dir);
+    $dir       =~ s|/+$||;
+    $repodir   =~ s|/+$||;
+    $remotedir =~ s|/+$||;
+    $parent    =~ s|/+$||;
+
+    if ($parent eq '.' || $parent eq './')
+    {
+        $parent = '';
+    }
+    # recurse to announce unseen parents first
+    if( length($parent) &&
+        !exists($seendirs->{$parent}) &&
+        ( $request eq "checkout" ||
+          exists($dirArgs->{$parent}) ) )
+    {
+        prepDirForOutput($parent, $repodir, $remotedir,
+                         $seendirs, $request, $dirArgs);
+    }
+    # Announce that we are going to modify at the parent level
+    if ($dir eq '.' || $dir eq './')
+    {
+        $dir = '';
+    }
+    if(exists($seendirs->{$dir}))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    $log->debug("announcedir $dir, $repodir, $remotedir" );
+    my($thisRemoteDir,$thisRepoDir);
+    if ($dir ne "")
+    {
+        $thisRepoDir="$repodir/$dir";
+        if($remotedir eq ".")
+        {
+            $thisRemoteDir=$dir;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $thisRemoteDir="$remotedir/$dir";
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $thisRepoDir=$repodir;
+        $thisRemoteDir=$remotedir;
+    }
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
+    {
+        print "E cvs $request: Updating $thisRemoteDir\n";
+    }
+
+    my ($opt_r)=$state->{opt}{r};
+    my $stickyInfo;
+    if(exists($state->{opt}{A}))
+    {
+        # $stickyInfo=undef;
+    }
+    elsif( defined($opt_r) && $opt_r ne "" )
+           # || ( defined($state->{opt}{D}) && $state->{opt}{D} ne "" ) # TODO
+    {
+        $stickyInfo={ 'tag' => (defined($opt_r)?$opt_r:undef) };
+
+        # TODO: Convert -D value into the form 2011.04.10.04.46.57,
+        #   similar to an entry line's sticky date, without the D prefix.
+        #   It sometimes (always?) arrives as something more like
+        #   '10 Apr 2011 04:46:57 -0000'...
+        # $stickyInfo={ 'date' => (defined($stickyDate)?$stickyDate:undef) };
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $stickyInfo=getDirStickyInfo($state->{prependdir} . $dir);
+    }
+
+    my $stickyResponse;
+    if(defined($stickyInfo))
+    {
+        $stickyResponse = "Set-sticky $thisRemoteDir/\n" .
+                          "$thisRepoDir/\n" .
+                          getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $stickyResponse = "Clear-sticky $thisRemoteDir/\n" .
+                          "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+    }
+
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-n} )
+    {
+        print $stickyResponse;
+
+        print "Clear-static-directory $thisRemoteDir/\n";
+        print "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+        print $stickyResponse; # yes, twice
+        print "Template $thisRemoteDir/\n";
+        print "$thisRepoDir/\n";
+        print "0\n";
+    }
+
+    $seendirs->{$dir} = 1;
+
+    # FUTURE: This would more accurately emulate CVS by sending
+    #   another copy of sticky after processing the files in that
+    #   directory.  Or intermediate: perhaps send all sticky's for
+    #   $seendirs after after processing all files.
+}
+
 # update \n
 #     Response expected: yes. Actually do a cvs update command. This uses any
 #     previous Argument, Directory, Entry, or Modified requests, if they have
@@ -1048,29 +1202,19 @@ sub req_update
 
     #$log->debug("update state : " . Dumper($state));
 
-    my $last_dirname = "///";
+    my($repoDir);
+    $repoDir=$state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$state->{prependdir}";
+
+    my %seendirs = ();
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
-    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    foreach my $argsFilename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
-        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+        my $filename;
+        $filename = filecleanup($argsFilename);
 
         $log->debug("Processing file $filename");
 
-        unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{-Q} || $state->{globaloptions}{-q} )
-        {
-            my $cur_dirname = dirname($filename);
-            if ( $cur_dirname ne $last_dirname )
-            {
-                $last_dirname = $cur_dirname;
-                if ( $cur_dirname eq "" )
-                {
-                    $cur_dirname = ".";
-                }
-                print "E cvs update: Updating $cur_dirname\n";
-            }
-        }
-
         # if we have a -C we should pretend we never saw modified stuff
         if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
         {
@@ -1079,13 +1223,11 @@ sub req_update
             $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} = 1;
         }
 
-        my $meta;
-        if ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /^1\.(\d+)/ )
-        {
-            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $1);
-        } else {
-            $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
-        }
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename,
+                                           $state->{opt}{r},
+                                           $state->{opt}{D},
+                                           exists($state->{opt}{A}));
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $stickyInfo);
 
         # If -p was given, "print" the contents of the requested revision.
         if ( exists ( $state->{opt}{p} ) ) {
@@ -1098,23 +1240,41 @@ sub req_update
             next;
         }
 
+        # Directories:
+        prepDirForOutput(
+                dirname($argsFilename),
+                $repoDir,
+                ".",
+                \%seendirs,
+                "update",
+                $state->{dirArgs} );
+
+        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
+
 	if ( ! defined $meta )
 	{
 	    $meta = {
 	        name => $filename,
-	        revision => 0,
+	        revision => '0',
 	        filehash => 'added'
 	    };
+	    if($wrev ne "0")
+	    {
+	        $meta->{filehash}='deleted';
+	    }
 	}
 
         my $oldmeta = $meta;
 
-        my $wrev = revparse($filename);
-
         # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev != $meta->{revision} )
+        my $oldWrev=$wrev;
+        if(defined($oldWrev))
         {
-            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            $oldWrev=~s/^-//;
+            if($oldWrev ne $meta->{revision})
+            {
+                $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $oldWrev);
+            }
         }
 
         #$log->debug("Target revision is $meta->{revision}, current working revision is $wrev");
@@ -1123,7 +1283,7 @@ sub req_update
         # and the working copy is unmodified _and_ the user hasn't specified -C
         next if ( defined ( $wrev )
                   and defined($meta->{revision})
-                  and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+                  and $wrev eq $meta->{revision}
                   and $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged}
                   and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) );
 
@@ -1131,7 +1291,8 @@ sub req_update
         # but the working copy is modified, tell the client it's modified
         if ( defined ( $wrev )
              and defined($meta->{revision})
-             and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
+             and $wrev eq $meta->{revision}
+             and $wrev ne "0"
              and defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash})
              and not exists ( $state->{opt}{C} ) )
         {
@@ -1142,8 +1303,12 @@ sub req_update
             next;
         }
 
-        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        if ( $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" && $wrev ne "0" )
         {
+            # TODO: If it has been modified in the sandbox, error out
+            #   with the appropriate message, rather than deleting a modified
+            #   file.
+
             my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename,1);
 
             $log->info("Removing '$filename' from working copy (no longer in the repo)");
@@ -1161,7 +1326,7 @@ sub req_update
         {
             # normal update, just send the new revision (either U=Update,
             # or A=Add, or R=Remove)
-	    if ( defined($wrev) && $wrev < 0 )
+	    if ( defined($wrev) && ($wrev=~/^-/) )
 	    {
 	        $log->info("Tell the client the file is scheduled for removal");
 		print "MT text R \n";
@@ -1169,7 +1334,8 @@ sub req_update
                 print "MT newline\n";
 		next;
 	    }
-	    elsif ( (!defined($wrev) || $wrev == 0) && (!defined($meta->{revision}) || $meta->{revision} == 0) )
+	    elsif ( (!defined($wrev) || $wrev eq '0') &&
+                    (!defined($meta->{revision}) || $meta->{revision} eq '0') )
 	    {
 	        $log->info("Tell the client the file is scheduled for addition");
 		print "MT text A \n";
@@ -1179,7 +1345,7 @@ sub req_update
 
 	    }
 	    else {
-                $log->info("Updating '$filename' to ".$meta->{revision});
+                $log->info("UpdatingX3 '$filename' to ".$meta->{revision});
                 print "MT +updated\n";
                 print "MT text U \n";
                 print "MT fname $filename\n";
@@ -1199,10 +1365,6 @@ sub req_update
 		    $log->debug("Updating existing file 'Update-existing $dirpart'");
 		} else {
 		    # instruct client we're sending a file to put in this path as a new file
-		    print "Clear-static-directory $dirpart\n";
-		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
-		    print "Clear-sticky $dirpart\n";
-		    print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$dirpart\n";
 
 		    $log->debug("Creating new file 'Created $dirpart'");
 		    print "Created $dirpart\n";
@@ -1211,8 +1373,10 @@ sub req_update
 
 		# this is an "entries" line
 		my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-		$log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-		print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                my $entriesLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+		$log->debug($entriesLine);
+		print "$entriesLine\n";
 
 		# permissions
 		$log->debug("SEND : u=$meta->{mode},g=$meta->{mode},o=$meta->{mode}");
@@ -1222,7 +1386,6 @@ sub req_update
 		transmitfile($meta->{filehash});
 	    }
         } else {
-            $log->info("Updating '$filename'");
             my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($meta->{name},1);
 
             my $mergeDir = setupTmpDir();
@@ -1237,7 +1400,7 @@ sub req_update
 
             # we need to merge with the local changes ( M=successful merge, C=conflict merge )
             $log->info("Merging $file_local, $file_old, $file_new");
-            print "M Merging differences between 1.$oldmeta->{revision} and 1.$meta->{revision} into $filename\n";
+            print "M Merging differences between $oldmeta->{revision} and $meta->{revision} into $filename\n";
 
             $log->debug("Temporary directory for merge is $mergeDir");
 
@@ -1260,8 +1423,10 @@ sub req_update
                     print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
                     my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
                                                 "file",$mergedFile);
-                    $log->debug("/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
-                    print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+                    $log->debug("/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/");
+                    my $entriesLine="/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/";
+                    $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                    print "$entriesLine\n";
                 }
             }
             elsif ( $return == 1 )
@@ -1277,7 +1442,9 @@ sub req_update
                     print $state->{CVSROOT} . "/$state->{module}/$filename\n";
                     my $kopts = kopts_from_path("$dirpart/$filepart",
                                                 "file",$mergedFile);
-                    print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/\n";
+                    my $entriesLine = "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}/+/$kopts/";
+                    $entriesLine .= getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo);
+                    print "$entriesLine\n";
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -1305,6 +1472,43 @@ sub req_update
 
     }
 
+    # prepDirForOutput() any other existing directories unless they already
+    # have the right sticky tag:
+    unless ( $state->{globaloptions}{n} )
+    {
+        my $dir;
+        foreach $dir (keys(%{$state->{dirMap}}))
+        {
+            if( ! $seendirs{$dir} &&
+                exists($state->{dirArgs}{$dir}) )
+            {
+                my($oldTag);
+                $oldTag=$state->{dirMap}{$dir}{tagspec};
+
+                unless( ( exists($state->{opt}{A}) &&
+                          defined($oldTag) ) ||
+                          ( defined($state->{opt}{r}) &&
+                            ( !defined($oldTag) ||
+                              $state->{opt}{r} ne $oldTag ) ) )
+                        # TODO?: OR sticky dir is different...
+                {
+                    next;
+                }
+
+                prepDirForOutput(
+                        $dir,
+                        $repoDir,
+                        ".",
+                        \%seendirs,
+                        'update',
+                        $state->{dirArgs} );
+            }
+
+            # TODO?: Consider sending a final duplicate Sticky response
+            #   to more closely mimic real CVS.
+        }
+    }
+
     print "ok\n";
 }
 
@@ -1337,23 +1541,11 @@ sub req_ci
     my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # Remember where the head was at the beginning.
-    my $parenthash = `git show-ref -s refs/heads/$state->{module}`;
-    chomp $parenthash;
-    if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/) {
-	    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
-	    cleanupWorkTree();
-	    exit;
-    }
-
-    setupWorkTree($parenthash);
-
-    $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
-
-    $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
-
     my @committedfiles = ();
     my %oldmeta;
+    my $stickyInfo;
+    my $branchRef;
+    my $parenthash;
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
     foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
@@ -1363,7 +1555,67 @@ sub req_ci
 
         next unless ( exists $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} or not $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} );
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        #####
+        # Figure out which branch and parenthash we are committing
+        # to, and setup worktree:
+
+        # should always come from entries:
+        my $fileStickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+        if( !defined($branchRef) )
+        {
+            $stickyInfo = $fileStickyInfo;
+            if( defined($stickyInfo) &&
+                ( defined($stickyInfo->{date}) ||
+                  !defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) ) )
+            {
+                print "error 1 cannot commit with sticky date for file `$filename'\n";
+                cleanupWorkTree();
+                exit;
+            }
+
+            $branchRef = "refs/heads/$state->{module}";
+            if ( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+            {
+                $branchRef = "refs/heads/$stickyInfo->{tag}";
+            }
+
+            $parenthash = `git show-ref -s $branchRef`;
+            chomp $parenthash;
+            if ($parenthash !~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                if ( defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}) )
+                {
+                    print "error 1 sticky tag `$stickyInfo->{tag}' for file `$filename' is not a branch\n";
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    print "error 1 pserver cannot find the current HEAD of module";
+                }
+                cleanupWorkTree();
+                exit;
+            }
+
+            setupWorkTree($parenthash);
+
+            $log->info("Lockless commit start, basing commit on '$work->{workDir}', index file is '$work->{index}'");
+
+            $log->info("Created index '$work->{index}' for head $state->{module} - exit status $?");
+        }
+        elsif( !refHashEqual($stickyInfo,$fileStickyInfo) )
+        {
+            #TODO: We could split the cvs commit into multiple
+            #  git commits by distinct stickyTag values, but that
+            #  is lowish priority.
+            print "error 1 Committing different files to different"
+                  . " branches is not currently supported\n";
+            cleanupWorkTree();
+            exit;
+        }
+
+        #####
+        # Process this file:
+
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
 	$oldmeta{$filename} = $meta;
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
@@ -1380,11 +1632,12 @@ sub req_ci
 
         my $addflag = 0;
         my $rmflag = 0;
-        $rmflag = 1 if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev < 0 );
+        $rmflag = 1 if ( defined($wrev) and ($wrev=~/^-/) );
         $addflag = 1 unless ( -e $filename );
 
         # Do up to date checking
-        unless ( $addflag or $wrev == $meta->{revision} or ( $rmflag and -$wrev == $meta->{revision} ) )
+        unless ( $addflag or $wrev eq $meta->{revision} or
+                 ( $rmflag and $wrev eq "-$meta->{revision}" ) )
         {
             # fail everything if an up to date check fails
             print "error 1 Up to date check failed for $filename\n";
@@ -1421,7 +1674,7 @@ sub req_ci
             $log->info("Adding file '$filename'");
             system("git", "update-index", "--add", $filename);
         } else {
-            $log->info("Updating file '$filename'");
+            $log->info("UpdatingX2 file '$filename'");
             system("git", "update-index", $filename);
         }
     }
@@ -1464,7 +1717,7 @@ sub req_ci
     }
 
 	### Emulate git-receive-pack by running hooks/update
-	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', "refs/heads/$state->{module}",
+	my @hook = ( $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/update', $branchRef,
 			$parenthash, $commithash );
 	if( -x $hook[0] ) {
 		unless( system( @hook ) == 0 )
@@ -1478,7 +1731,7 @@ sub req_ci
 
 	### Update the ref
 	if (system(qw(git update-ref -m), "cvsserver ci",
-			"refs/heads/$state->{module}", $commithash, $parenthash)) {
+			$branchRef, $commithash, $parenthash)) {
 		$log->warn("update-ref for $state->{module} failed.");
 		print "error 1 Cannot commit -- update first\n";
 		cleanupWorkTree();
@@ -1492,7 +1745,7 @@ sub req_ci
 
 		local $SIG{PIPE} = sub { die 'pipe broke' };
 
-		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash refs/heads/$state->{module}\n";
+		print $pipe "$parenthash $commithash $branchRef\n";
 
 		close $pipe || die "bad pipe: $! $?";
 	}
@@ -1502,7 +1755,7 @@ sub req_ci
 	### Then hooks/post-update
 	$hook = $ENV{GIT_DIR}.'hooks/post-update';
 	if (-x $hook) {
-		system($hook, "refs/heads/$state->{module}");
+		system($hook, $branchRef);
 	}
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1510,9 +1763,9 @@ sub req_ci
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
 	unless (defined $meta->{revision}) {
-	  $meta->{revision} = 1;
+	  $meta->{revision} = "1.1";
 	}
 
         my ( $filepart, $dirpart ) = filenamesplit($filename, 1);
@@ -1522,19 +1775,20 @@ sub req_ci
 	print "M $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v  <--  $dirpart$filepart\n";
         if ( defined $meta->{filehash} && $meta->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
         {
-            print "M new revision: delete; previous revision: 1.$oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
+            print "M new revision: delete; previous revision: $oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
             print "Remove-entry $dirpart\n";
             print "$filename\n";
         } else {
-            if ($meta->{revision} == 1) {
+            if ($meta->{revision} eq "1.1") {
 	        print "M initial revision: 1.1\n";
             } else {
-	        print "M new revision: 1.$meta->{revision}; previous revision: 1.$oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
+	        print "M new revision: $meta->{revision}; previous revision: $oldmeta{$filename}{revision}\n";
             }
             print "Checked-in $dirpart\n";
             print "$filename\n";
             my $kopts = kopts_from_path($filename,"sha1",$meta->{filehash});
-            print "/$filepart/1.$meta->{revision}//$kopts/\n";
+            print "/$filepart/$meta->{revision}//$kopts/" .
+                  getStickyTagOrDate($stickyInfo) . "\n";
         }
     }
 
@@ -1552,10 +1806,12 @@ sub req_status
     #$log->debug("status state : " . Dumper($state));
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should
+    # be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1563,67 +1819,140 @@ sub req_status
     {
         $filename = filecleanup($filename);
 
-        next if exists($state->{opt}{l}) && index($filename, '/', length($state->{prependdir})) >= 0;
-
-        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
-        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+        if ( exists($state->{opt}{l}) &&
+             index($filename, '/', length($state->{prependdir})) >= 0 )
+        {
+           next;
+        }
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that version too for comparison.
-        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev != $meta->{revision} )
+        my $stickyInfo = resolveStickyInfo($filename);
+        my $meta = $updater->getmeta($filename,$stickyInfo);
+        my $oldmeta = $meta;
+
+        # If the working copy is an old revision, lets get that
+        # version too for comparison.
+        if ( defined($wrev) and $wrev ne $meta->{revision} )
         {
-            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
+            my($rmRev)=$wrev;
+            $rmRev=~s/^-//;
+            $oldmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename, $rmRev);
         }
 
         # TODO : All possible statuses aren't yet implemented
         my $status;
-        # Files are up to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
-        $status = "Up-to-date" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and $wrev == $meta->{revision}
-                                    and
-                                    ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) )
-                                      or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $meta->{filehash} ) )
-                                   );
-
-        # Need checkout if the working copy has an older revision than the repo copy, and the working copy is unmodified
-        $status ||= "Needs Checkout" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and $meta->{revision} > $wrev
-                                          and
-                                          ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged}
-                                            or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $oldmeta->{filehash} ) )
-                                        );
-
-        # Need checkout if it exists in the repo but doesn't have a working copy
-        $status ||= "Needs Checkout" if ( not defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) );
-
-        # Locally modified if working copy and repo copy have the same revision but there are local changes
-        $status ||= "Locally Modified" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and $wrev == $meta->{revision} and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} );
-
-        # Needs Merge if working copy revision is less than repo copy and there are local changes
-        $status ||= "Needs Merge" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and $meta->{revision} > $wrev and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} );
-
-        $status ||= "Locally Added" if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) and not defined ( $meta->{revision} ) );
-        $status ||= "Locally Removed" if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and -$wrev == $meta->{revision} );
-        $status ||= "Unresolved Conflict" if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} =~ /^\+=/ );
-        $status ||= "File had conflicts on merge" if ( 0 );
+        # Files are up to date if the working copy and repo copy have
+        # the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and
+             $wrev eq $meta->{revision} and
+             ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and
+                 ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or
+                   $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) ) or
+               ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and
+                 $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq
+                        $meta->{filehash} ) ) )
+        {
+            $status = "Up-to-date"
+        }
+
+        # Need checkout if the working copy has a different (usually
+        # older) revision than the repo copy, and the working copy is
+        # unmodified
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $meta->{revision} ne $wrev and
+             ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} or
+               ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and
+                 $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq
+                                $oldmeta->{filehash} ) ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Checkout";
+        }
+
+        # Need checkout if it exists in the repo but doesn't have a working
+        # copy
+        if ( not defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Checkout";
+        }
+
+        # Locally modified if working copy and repo copy have the
+        # same revision but there are local changes
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined($meta->{revision}) and
+             $wrev eq $meta->{revision} and
+             $wrev ne "0" and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Modified";
+        }
+
+        # Needs Merge if working copy revision is different
+        # (usually older) than repo copy and there are local changes
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $meta->{revision} ne $wrev and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Needs Merge";
+        }
+
+        if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) and
+             ( !defined($meta->{revision}) ||
+               $meta->{revision} eq "0" ) )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Added";
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $wrev ) and defined ( $meta->{revision} ) and
+             $wrev eq "-$meta->{revision}" )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Locally Removed";
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) and
+             $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} =~ /^\+=/ )
+        {
+            $status ||= "Unresolved Conflict";
+        }
+        if ( 0 )
+        {
+            $status ||= "File had conflicts on merge";
+        }
 
         $status ||= "Unknown";
 
         my ($filepart) = filenamesplit($filename);
 
-        print "M ===================================================================\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 60 ) . "\n";
         print "M File: $filepart\tStatus: $status\n";
         if ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{revision}) )
         {
-            print "M Working revision:\t" . $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} . "\n";
+            print "M Working revision:\t" .
+                  $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} . "\n";
         } else {
             print "M Working revision:\tNo entry for $filename\n";
         }
         if ( defined($meta->{revision}) )
         {
-            print "M Repository revision:\t1." . $meta->{revision} . "\t$state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
-            print "M Sticky Tag:\t\t(none)\n";
-            print "M Sticky Date:\t\t(none)\n";
-            print "M Sticky Options:\t\t(none)\n";
+            print "M Repository revision:\t" .
+                   $meta->{revision} .
+                   "\t$state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
+            my($tagOrDate)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date};
+            my($tag)=($tagOrDate=~m/^T(.+)$/);
+            if( !defined($tag) )
+            {
+                $tag="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Tag:\t\t$tag\n";
+            my($date)=($tagOrDate=~m/^D(.+)$/);
+            if( !defined($date) )
+            {
+                $date="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Date:\t\t$date\n";
+            my($options)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{options};
+            if( $options eq "" )
+            {
+                $options="(none)";
+            }
+            print "M Sticky Options:\t\t$options\n";
         } else {
             print "M Repository revision:\tNo revision control file\n";
         }
@@ -1651,98 +1980,151 @@ sub req_diff
         $revision1 = $state->{opt}{r};
     }
 
-    $revision1 =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $revision1 ) );
-    $revision2 =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $revision2 ) );
-
-    $log->debug("Diffing revisions " . ( defined($revision1) ? $revision1 : "[NULL]" ) . " and " . ( defined($revision2) ? $revision2 : "[NULL]" ) );
+    $log->debug("Diffing revisions " .
+                ( defined($revision1) ? $revision1 : "[NULL]" ) .
+                " and " . ( defined($revision2) ? $revision2 : "[NULL]" ) );
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should
+    # be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
+    my($foundDiff);
+
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
-    foreach my $filename ( @{$state->{args}} )
+    foreach my $argFilename ( @{$state->{args}} )
     {
-        $filename = filecleanup($filename);
+        my($filename) = filecleanup($argFilename);
 
         my ( $fh, $file1, $file2, $meta1, $meta2, $filediff );
 
         my $wrev = revparse($filename);
 
-        # We need _something_ to diff against
-        next unless ( defined ( $wrev ) );
+        # Priority for revision1:
+        #  1. First -r (missing file: check -N)
+        #  2. wrev from client's Entry line
+        #      - missing line/file: check -N
+        #      - "0": added file not committed (empty contents for rev1)
+        #      - Prefixed with dash (to be removed): check -N
 
-        # if we have a -r switch, use it
         if ( defined ( $revision1 ) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
             $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision1);
-            unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) and $meta1->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
+        }
+        elsif( defined($wrev) && $wrev ne "0" )
+        {
+            my($rmRev)=$wrev;
+            $rmRev=~s/^-//;
+            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $rmRev);
+        }
+        if ( !defined($meta1) ||
+             $meta1->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+        {
+            if( !exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
             {
-                print "E File $filename at revision 1.$revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                if(!defined($revision1))
+                {
+                    print "E File $filename at revision $revision1 doesn't exist\n";
+                }
                 next;
             }
-            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
-        }
-        # otherwise we just use the working copy revision
-        else
-        {
-            ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
-            $meta1 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
-            transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
+            elsif( !defined($meta1) )
+            {
+                $meta1 = {
+                    name => $filename,
+                    revision => '0',
+                    filehash => 'deleted'
+                };
+            }
         }
 
+        # Priority for revision2:
+        #  1. Second -r (missing file: check -N)
+        #  2. Modified file contents from client
+        #  3. wrev from client's Entry line
+        #      - missing line/file: check -N
+        #      - Prefixed with dash (to be removed): check -N
+
         # if we have a second -r switch, use it too
         if ( defined ( $revision2 ) )
         {
-            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
             $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $revision2);
-
-            unless ( defined ( $meta2 ) and $meta2->{filehash} ne "deleted" )
+        }
+        elsif(defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename}))
+        {
+            $file2 = $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename};
+	    $meta2 = {
+                name => $filename,
+	        revision => '0',
+	        filehash => 'modified'
+            };
+        }
+        elsif( defined($wrev) && ($wrev!~/^-/) )
+        {
+            if(!defined($revision1))  # no revision and no modifications:
             {
-                print "E File $filename at revision 1.$revision2 doesn't exist\n";
                 next;
             }
-
-            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
+            $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
         }
-        # otherwise we just use the working copy
-        else
+        if(!defined($file2))
         {
-            $file2 = $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename};
+            if ( !defined($meta2) ||
+                 $meta2->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+            {
+                if( !exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
+                {
+                    if(!defined($revision2))
+                    {
+                        print "E File $filename at revision $revision2 doesn't exist\n";
+                    }
+                    next;
+                }
+                elsif( !defined($meta2) )
+                {
+	            $meta2 = {
+                        name => $filename,
+	                revision => '0',
+	                filehash => 'deleted'
+                    };
+                }
+            }
         }
 
-        # if we have been given -r, and we don't have a $file2 yet, lets get one
-        if ( defined ( $revision1 ) and not defined ( $file2 ) )
+        if( $meta1->{filehash} eq $meta2->{filehash} )
         {
-            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
-            $meta2 = $updater->getmeta($filename, $wrev);
-            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
+            $log->info("unchanged $filename");
+            next;
         }
 
-        # We need to have retrieved something useful
-        next unless ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
-
-        # Files to date if the working copy and repo copy have the same revision, and the working copy is unmodified
-        next if ( not defined ( $meta2 ) and $wrev == $meta1->{revision}
-                  and
-                   ( ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{unchanged} and ( not defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} ) or $state->{entries}{$filename}{conflict} !~ /^\+=/ ) )
-                     or ( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash}) and $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_hash} eq $meta1->{filehash} ) )
-                  );
+        # Retrieve revision contents:
+        ( undef, $file1 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+        transmitfile($meta1->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file1 });
 
-        # Apparently we only show diffs for locally modified files
-        next unless ( defined($meta2) or defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{modified_filename} ) );
+        if(!defined($file2))
+        {
+            ( undef, $file2 ) = tempfile( DIR => $TEMP_DIR, OPEN => 0 );
+            transmitfile($meta2->{filehash}, { targetfile => $file2 });
+        }
 
-        print "M Index: $filename\n";
-        print "M ===================================================================\n";
+        # Generate the actual diff:
+        print "M Index: $argFilename\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 60 ) . "\n";
         print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
-        print "M retrieving revision 1.$meta1->{revision}\n" if ( defined ( $meta1 ) );
-        print "M retrieving revision 1.$meta2->{revision}\n" if ( defined ( $meta2 ) );
+        if ( defined ( $meta1 ) && $meta1->{revision} ne "0" )
+        {
+            print "M retrieving revision $meta1->{revision}\n"
+        }
+        if ( defined ( $meta2 ) && $meta2->{revision} ne "0" )
+        {
+            print "M retrieving revision $meta2->{revision}\n"
+        }
         print "M diff ";
-        foreach my $opt ( keys %{$state->{opt}} )
+        foreach my $opt ( sort keys %{$state->{opt}} )
         {
             if ( ref $state->{opt}{$opt} eq "ARRAY" )
             {
@@ -1752,30 +2134,79 @@ sub req_diff
                 }
             } else {
                 print "-$opt ";
-                print "$state->{opt}{$opt} " if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{$opt} ) );
+                if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{$opt} ) )
+                {
+                    print "$state->{opt}{$opt} "
+                }
             }
         }
-        print "$filename\n";
-
-        $log->info("Diffing $filename -r $meta1->{revision} -r " . ( $meta2->{revision} or "workingcopy" ));
-
-        ( $fh, $filediff ) = tempfile ( DIR => $TEMP_DIR );
-
-        if ( exists $state->{opt}{u} )
+        print "$argFilename\n";
+
+        $log->info("Diffing $filename -r $meta1->{revision} -r " .
+                   ( $meta2->{revision} or "workingcopy" ));
+
+        # TODO: Use --label instead of -L because -L is no longer
+        #  documented and may go away someday.  Not sure if there there are
+        #  versions that only support -L, which would make this change risky?
+        #  http://osdir.com/ml/bug-gnu-utils-gnu/2010-12/msg00060.html
+        #    ("man diff" should actually document the best migration strategy,
+        #  [current behavior, future changes, old compatibility issues
+        #  or lack thereof, etc], not just stop mentioning the option...)
+        # TODO: Real CVS seems to include a date in the label, before
+        #  the revision part, without the keyword "revision".  The following
+        #  has minimal changes compared to original versions of
+        #  git-cvsserver.perl.  (Mostly tab vs space after filename.)
+
+        my (@diffCmd) = ( 'diff' );
+        if ( exists($state->{opt}{N}) )
         {
-            system("diff -u -L '$filename revision 1.$meta1->{revision}' -L '$filename " . ( defined($meta2->{revision}) ? "revision 1.$meta2->{revision}" : "working copy" ) . "' $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
-        } else {
-            system("diff $file1 $file2 > $filediff");
+            push @diffCmd,"-N";
         }
+        if ( exists $state->{opt}{u} )
+        {
+            push @diffCmd,("-u","-L");
+            if( $meta1->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+            {
+                push @diffCmd,"/dev/null";
+            } else {
+                push @diffCmd,("$argFilename\trevision $meta1->{revision}");
+            }
 
-        while ( <$fh> )
+            if( defined($meta2->{filehash}) )
+            {
+                if( $meta2->{filehash} eq "deleted" )
+                {
+                    push @diffCmd,("-L","/dev/null");
+                } else {
+                    push @diffCmd,("-L",
+                                   "$argFilename\trevision $meta2->{revision}");
+                }
+            } else {
+                push @diffCmd,("-L","$argFilename\tworking copy");
+            }
+        }
+        push @diffCmd,($file1,$file2);
+        if(!open(DIFF,"-|",@diffCmd))
         {
-            print "M $_";
+            $log->warn("Unable to run diff: $!");
         }
-        close $fh;
+        my($diffLine);
+        while(defined($diffLine=<DIFF>))
+        {
+            print "M $diffLine";
+            $foundDiff=1;
+        }
+        close(DIFF);
     }
 
-    print "ok\n";
+    if($foundDiff)
+    {
+        print "error  \n";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        print "ok\n";
+    }
 }
 
 sub req_log
@@ -1787,22 +2218,19 @@ sub req_log
     $log->debug("req_log : " . ( defined($data) ? $data : "[NULL]" ));
     #$log->debug("log state : " . Dumper($state));
 
-    my ( $minrev, $maxrev );
-    if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{r} ) and $state->{opt}{r} =~ /([\d.]+)?(::?)([\d.]+)?/ )
+    my ( $revFilter );
+    if ( defined ( $state->{opt}{r} ) )
     {
-        my $control = $2;
-        $minrev = $1;
-        $maxrev = $3;
-        $minrev =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $minrev ) );
-        $maxrev =~ s/^1\.// if ( defined ( $maxrev ) );
-        $minrev++ if ( defined($minrev) and $control eq "::" );
+        $revFilter = $state->{opt}{r};
     }
 
     # Grab a handle to the SQLite db and do any necessary updates
-    my $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
+    my $updater;
+    $updater = GITCVS::updater->new($state->{CVSROOT}, $state->{module}, $log);
     $updater->update();
 
-    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we should be providing status on ...
+    # if no files were specified, we need to work out what files we
+    # should be providing status on ...
     argsfromdir($updater);
 
     # foreach file specified on the command line ...
@@ -1812,53 +2240,46 @@ sub req_log
 
         my $headmeta = $updater->getmeta($filename);
 
-        my $revisions = $updater->getlog($filename);
-        my $totalrevisions = scalar(@$revisions);
-
-        if ( defined ( $minrev ) )
-        {
-            $log->debug("Removing revisions less than $minrev");
-            while ( scalar(@$revisions) > 0 and $revisions->[-1]{revision} < $minrev )
-            {
-                pop @$revisions;
-            }
-        }
-        if ( defined ( $maxrev ) )
-        {
-            $log->debug("Removing revisions greater than $maxrev");
-            while ( scalar(@$revisions) > 0 and $revisions->[0]{revision} > $maxrev )
-            {
-                shift @$revisions;
-            }
-        }
+        my ($revisions,$totalrevisions) = $updater->getlog($filename,
+                                                           $revFilter);
 
         next unless ( scalar(@$revisions) );
 
         print "M \n";
         print "M RCS file: $state->{CVSROOT}/$state->{module}/$filename,v\n";
         print "M Working file: $filename\n";
-        print "M head: 1.$headmeta->{revision}\n";
+        print "M head: $headmeta->{revision}\n";
         print "M branch:\n";
         print "M locks: strict\n";
         print "M access list:\n";
         print "M symbolic names:\n";
         print "M keyword substitution: kv\n";
-        print "M total revisions: $totalrevisions;\tselected revisions: " . scalar(@$revisions) . "\n";
+        print "M total revisions: $totalrevisions;\tselected revisions: " .
+              scalar(@$revisions) . "\n";
         print "M description:\n";
 
         foreach my $revision ( @$revisions )
         {
             print "M ----------------------------\n";
-            print "M revision 1.$revision->{revision}\n";
+            print "M revision $revision->{revision}\n";
             # reformat the date for log output
-            $revision->{modified} = sprintf('%04d/%02d/%02d %s', $3, $DATE_LIST->{$2}, $1, $4 ) if ( $revision->{modified} =~ /(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S+)/ and defined($DATE_LIST->{$2}) );
+            if ( $revision->{modified} =~ /(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S+)/ and
+                 defined($DATE_LIST->{$2}) )
+            {
+                $revision->{modified} = sprintf('%04d/%02d/%02d %s',
+                                            $3, $DATE_LIST->{$2}, $1, $4 );
+            }
             $revision->{author} = cvs_author($revision->{author});
-            print "M date: $revision->{modified};  author: $revision->{author};  state: " . ( $revision->{filehash} eq "deleted" ? "dead" : "Exp" ) . ";  lines: +2 -3\n";
-            my $commitmessage = $updater->commitmessage($revision->{commithash});
+            print "M date: $revision->{modified};" .
+                  "  author: $revision->{author};  state: " .
+                  ( $revision->{filehash} eq "deleted" ? "dead" : "Exp" ) .
+                  ";  lines: +2 -3\n";
+            my $commitmessage;
+            $commitmessage = $updater->commitmessage($revision->{commithash});
             $commitmessage =~ s/^/M /mg;
             print $commitmessage . "\n";
         }
-        print "M =============================================================================\n";
+        print "M =======" . ( "=" x 70 ) . "\n";
     }
 
     print "ok\n";
@@ -1964,7 +2385,7 @@ sub req_annotate
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{author} = cvs_author($metadata->{$commithash}{author});
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{modified} = sprintf("%02d-%s-%02d", $1, $2, $3) if ( $metadata->{$commithash}{modified} =~ /^(\d+)\s(\w+)\s\d\d(\d\d)/ );
                 }
-                printf("M 1.%-5d      (%-8s %10s): %s\n",
+                printf("M %-7s      (%-8s %10s): %s\n",
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{revision},
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{author},
                     $metadata->{$commithash}{modified},
@@ -2005,7 +2426,7 @@ sub argsplit
         $opt = { A => 0, N => 0, P => 0, R => 0, c => 0, f => 0, l => 0, n => 0, p => 0, s => 0, r => 1, D => 1, d => 1, k => 1, j => 1, } if ( $type eq "co" );
         $opt = { v => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "status" );
         $opt = { A => 0, P => 0, C => 0, d => 0, f => 0, l => 0, R => 0, p => 0, k => 1, r => 1, D => 1, j => 1, I => 1, W => 1 } if ( $type eq "update" );
-        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
+        $opt = { l => 0, R => 0, k => 1, D => 1, D => 1, r => 2, N => 0 } if ( $type eq "diff" );
         $opt = { c => 0, R => 0, l => 0, f => 0, F => 1, m => 1, r => 1 } if ( $type eq "ci" );
         $opt = { k => 1, m => 1 } if ( $type eq "add" );
         $opt = { f => 0, l => 0, R => 0 } if ( $type eq "remove" );
@@ -2071,74 +2492,346 @@ sub argsplit
     }
 }
 
-# This method uses $state->{directory} to populate $state->{args} with a list of filenames
-sub argsfromdir
+# Used by argsfromdir
+sub expandArg
 {
-    my $updater = shift;
+    my ($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$path,$isDir) = @_;
 
-    $state->{args} = [] if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 and $state->{args}[0] eq "." );
+    my $fullPath = filecleanup($path);
 
-    return if ( scalar ( @{$state->{args}} ) > 1 );
+      # Is it a directory?
+    if( defined($state->{dirMap}{$fullPath}) ||
+        defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}) )
+    {
+          # It is a directory in the user's sandbox.
+        $isDir=1;
 
-    my @gethead = @{$updater->gethead};
+        if(defined($state->{entries}{$fullPath}))
+        {
+            $log->fatal("Inconsistent file/dir type");
+            die "Inconsistent file/dir type";
+        }
+    }
+    elsif(defined($state->{entries}{$fullPath}))
+    {
+          # It is a file in the user's sandbox.
+        $isDir=0;
+    }
+    my($revDirMap,$otherRevDirMap);
+    if(!defined($isDir) || $isDir)
+    {
+          # Resolve version tree for sticky tag:
+          # (for now we only want list of files for the version, not
+          # particular versions of those files: assume it is a directory
+          # for the moment; ignore Entry's stick tag)
+
+          # Order of precedence of sticky tags:
+          #    -A       [head]
+          #    -r /tag/
+          #    [file entry sticky tag, but that is only relevant to files]
+          #    [the tag specified in dir req_Sticky]
+          #    [the tag specified in a parent dir req_Sticky]
+          #    [head]
+          # Also, -r may appear twice (for diff).
+          #
+          # FUTURE: When/if -j (merges) are supported, we also
+          #  need to add relevant files from one or two
+          #  versions specified with -j.
+
+        if(exists($state->{opt}{A}))
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap();
+        }
+        elsif( defined($state->{opt}{r}) and
+               ref $state->{opt}{r} eq "ARRAY" )
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r}[0]);
+            $otherRevDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r}[1]);
+        }
+        elsif(defined($state->{opt}{r}))
+        {
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($state->{opt}{r});
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            my($sticky)=getDirStickyInfo($fullPath);
+            $revDirMap=$updater->getRevisionDirMap($sticky->{tag});
+        }
 
-    # push added files
-    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}}) {
-	if ( exists $state->{entries}{$file}{revision} &&
-		$state->{entries}{$file}{revision} == 0 )
-	{
-	    push @gethead, { name => $file, filehash => 'added' };
-	}
+          # Is it a directory?
+        if( defined($revDirMap->{$fullPath}) ||
+            defined($otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath}) )
+        {
+            $isDir=1;
+        }
     }
 
-    if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) == 1 )
+      # What to do with it?
+    if(!$isDir)
     {
-        my $arg = $state->{args}[0];
-        $arg .= $state->{prependdir} if ( defined ( $state->{prependdir} ) );
+        $outNameMap->{$fullPath}=1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $outDirMap->{$fullPath}=1;
+
+        if(defined($revDirMap->{$fullPath}))
+        {
+            addDirMapFiles($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,
+                           $revDirMap->{$fullPath});
+        }
+        if( defined($otherRevDirMap) &&
+            defined($otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath}) )
+        {
+            addDirMapFiles($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,
+                           $otherRevDirMap->{$fullPath});
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-        $log->info("Only one arg specified, checking for directory expansion on '$arg'");
+# Used by argsfromdir
+# Add entries from dirMap to outNameMap.  Also recurse into entries
+# that are subdirectories.
+sub addDirMapFiles
+{
+    my($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$dirMap)=@_;
+
+    my($fullName);
+    foreach $fullName (keys(%$dirMap))
+    {
+        my $cleanName=$fullName;
+        if(defined($state->{prependdir}))
+        {
+            if(!($cleanName=~s/^\Q$state->{prependdir}\E//))
+            {
+                $log->fatal("internal error stripping prependdir");
+                die "internal error stripping prependdir";
+            }
+        }
 
-        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+        if($dirMap->{$fullName} eq "F")
         {
-            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
-            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ /^$arg\// or $file->{name} eq $arg  );
-            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+            $outNameMap->{$cleanName}=1;
         }
+        elsif($dirMap->{$fullName} eq "D")
+        {
+            if(!$state->{opt}{l})
+            {
+                expandArg($updater,$outNameMap,$outDirMap,$cleanName,1);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            $log->fatal("internal error in addDirMapFiles");
+            die "internal error in addDirMapFiles";
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-        shift @{$state->{args}} if ( scalar(@{$state->{args}}) > 1 );
-    } else {
-        $log->info("Only one arg specified, populating file list automatically");
+# This method replaces $state->{args} with a directory-expanded
+# list of all relevant filenames (recursively unless -d), based
+# on $state->{entries}, and the "current" list of files in
+# each directory.  "Current" files as determined by
+# either the requested (-r/-A) or "req_Sticky" version of
+# that directory.
+#    Both the input args and the new output args are relative
+# to the cvs-client's CWD, although some of the internal
+# computations are relative to the top of the project.
+sub argsfromdir
+{
+    my $updater = shift;
+
+    # Notes about requirements for specific callers:
+    #   update # "standard" case (entries; a single -r/-A/default; -l)
+    #          # Special case: -d for create missing directories.
+    #   diff # 0 or 1 -r's: "standard" case.
+    #        # 2 -r's: We could ignore entries (just use the two -r's),
+    #        # but it doesn't really matter.
+    #   annotate # "standard" case
+    #   log # Punting: log -r has a more complex non-"standard"
+    #       # meaning, and we don't currently try to support log'ing
+    #       # branches at all (need a lot of work to
+    #       # support CVS-consistent branch relative version
+    #       # numbering).
+#HERE: But we still want to expand directories.  Maybe we should
+#  essentially force "-A".
+    #   status # "standard", except that -r/-A/default are not possible.
+    #          # Mostly only used to expand entries only)
+    #
+    # Don't use argsfromdir at all:
+    #   add # Explicit arguments required.  Directory args imply add
+    #       # the directory itself, not the files in it.
+    #   co  # Obtain list directly.
+    #   remove # HERE: TEST: MAYBE client does the recursion for us,
+    #          # since it only makes sense to remove stuff already in
+    #          # the sandobx?
+    #   ci # HERE: Similar to remove...
+    #      # Don't try to implement the confusing/weird
+    #      # ci -r bug er.."feature".
+
+    if(scalar(@{$state->{args}})==0)
+    {
+        $state->{args} = [ "." ];
+    }
+    my %allArgs;
+    my %allDirs;
+    for my $file (@{$state->{args}})
+    {
+        expandArg($updater,\%allArgs,\%allDirs,$file);
+    }
 
-        $state->{args} = [];
+    # Include any entries from sandbox.  Generally client won't
+    # send entries that shouldn't be used.
+    foreach my $file (keys %{$state->{entries}})
+    {
+        $allArgs{remove_prependdir($file)} = 1;
+    }
 
-        foreach my $file ( @gethead )
+    $state->{dirArgs} = \%allDirs;
+    $state->{args} = [
+        sort {
+                # Sort priority: by directory depth, then actual file name:
+            my @piecesA=split('/',$a);
+            my @piecesB=split('/',$b);
+
+            my $count=scalar(@piecesA);
+            my $tmp=scalar(@piecesB);
+            return $count<=>$tmp if($count!=$tmp);
+
+            for($tmp=0;$tmp<$count;$tmp++)
+            {
+                if($piecesA[$tmp] ne $piecesB[$tmp])
+                {
+                    return $piecesA[$tmp] cmp $piecesB[$tmp]
+                }
+            }
+            return 0;
+        } keys(%allArgs) ];
+}
+
+## look up directory sticky tag, of either fullPath or a parent:
+sub getDirStickyInfo
+{
+    my($fullPath)=@_;
+
+    $fullPath=~s%/+$%%;
+    while($fullPath ne "" && !defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}))
+    {
+        $fullPath=~s%/?[^/]*$%%;
+    }
+
+    if( !defined($state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}) &&
+        ( $fullPath eq "" ||
+          $fullPath eq "." ) )
+    {
+        return $state->{dirMap}{""}{stickyInfo};
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return $state->{dirMap}{"$fullPath/"}{stickyInfo};
+    }
+}
+
+# Resolve precedence of various ways of specifying which version of
+# a file you want.  Returns undef (for default head), or a ref to a hash
+# that contains "tag" and/or "date" keys.
+sub resolveStickyInfo
+{
+    my($filename,$stickyTag,$stickyDate,$reset) = @_;
+
+    # Order of precedence of sticky tags:
+    #    -A       [head]
+    #    -r /tag/
+    #    [file entry sticky tag]
+    #    [the tag specified in dir req_Sticky]
+    #    [the tag specified in a parent dir req_Sticky]
+    #    [head]
+
+    my $result;
+    if($reset)
+    {
+        # $result=undef;
+    }
+    elsif( defined($stickyTag) && $stickyTag ne "" )
+           # || ( defined($stickyDate) && $stickyDate ne "" )   # TODO
+    {
+        $result={ 'tag' => (defined($stickyTag)?$stickyTag:undef) };
+
+        # TODO: Convert -D value into the form 2011.04.10.04.46.57,
+        #   similar to an entry line's sticky date, without the D prefix.
+        #   It sometimes (always?) arrives as something more like
+        #   '10 Apr 2011 04:46:57 -0000'...
+        # $result={ 'date' => (defined($stickyDate)?$stickyDate:undef) };
+    }
+    elsif( defined($state->{entries}{$filename}) &&
+           defined($state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date}) &&
+           $state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date} ne "" )
+    {
+        my($tagOrDate)=$state->{entries}{$filename}{tag_or_date};
+        if($tagOrDate=~/^T([^ ]+)\s*$/)
+        {
+            $result = { 'tag' => $1 };
+        }
+        elsif($tagOrDate=~/^D([0-9.]+)\s*$/)
+        {
+            $result= { 'date' => $1 };
+        }
+        else
         {
-            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" and not defined ( $state->{entries}{$file->{name}} ) );
-            next unless ( $file->{name} =~ s/^$state->{prependdir}// );
-            push @{$state->{args}}, $file->{name};
+            die "Unknown tag_or_date format\n";
         }
     }
+    else
+    {
+        $result=getDirStickyInfo($filename);
+    }
+
+    return $result;
+}
+
+# Convert a stickyInfo (ref to a hash) as returned by resolveStickyInfo into
+# a form appropriate for the sticky tag field of an Entries
+# line (field index 5, 0-based).
+sub getStickyTagOrDate
+{
+    my($stickyInfo)=@_;
+
+    my $result;
+    if(defined($stickyInfo) && defined($stickyInfo->{tag}))
+    {
+        $result="T$stickyInfo->{tag}";
+    }
+    # TODO: When/if we actually pick versions by {date} properly,
+    #   also handle it here:
+    #   "D$stickyInfo->{date}" (example: "D2011.04.13.20.37.07").
+    else
+    {
+        $result="";
+    }
+
+    return $result;
 }
 
 # This method cleans up the $state variable after a command that uses arguments has run
 sub statecleanup
 {
     $state->{files} = [];
+    $state->{dirArgs} = {};
     $state->{args} = [];
     $state->{arguments} = [];
     $state->{entries} = {};
+    $state->{dirMap} = {};
 }
 
+# Return working directory CVS revision "1.X" out
+# of the the working directory "entries" state, for the given filename.
+# This is prefixed with a dash if the file is scheduled for removal
+# when it is committed.
 sub revparse
 {
     my $filename = shift;
 
-    return undef unless ( defined ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} ) );
-
-    return $1 if ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} =~ /^1\.(\d+)/ );
-    return -$1 if ( $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision} =~ /^-1\.(\d+)/ );
-
-    return undef;
+    return $state->{entries}{$filename}{revision};
 }
 
 # This method takes a file hash and does a CVS "file transfer".  Its
@@ -2217,6 +2910,9 @@ sub filenamesplit
     return ( $filepart, $dirpart );
 }
 
+# Cleanup various junk in filename (try to canonicalize it), and
+# add prependdir to accommodate running CVS client from a
+# subdirectory (so the output is relative to top directory of the project).
 sub filecleanup
 {
     my $filename = shift;
@@ -2228,11 +2924,36 @@ sub filecleanup
         return undef;
     }
 
+    if($filename eq ".")
+    {
+        $filename="";
+    }
     $filename =~ s/^\.\///g;
+    $filename =~ s%/+%/%g;
     $filename = $state->{prependdir} . $filename;
+    $filename =~ s%/$%%;
     return $filename;
 }
 
+# Remove prependdir from the path, so that is is relative to the directory
+# the CVS client was started from, rather than the top of the project.
+# Essentially the inverse of filecleanup().
+sub remove_prependdir
+{
+    my($path) = @_;
+    if(defined($state->{prependdir}) && $state->{prependdir} ne "")
+    {
+        my($pre)=$state->{prependdir};
+        $pre=~s%/$%%;
+        if(!($path=~s%^\Q$pre\E/?%%))
+        {
+            $log->fatal("internal error missing prependdir");
+            die("internal error missing prependdir");
+        }
+    }
+    return $path;
+}
+
 sub validateGitDir
 {
     if( !defined($state->{CVSROOT}) )
@@ -2444,42 +3165,14 @@ sub kopts_from_path
         }
         elsif( ($cfg->{gitcvs}{allbinary} =~ /^\s*guess\s*$/i) )
         {
-            if( $srcType eq "sha1Or-k" &&
-                !defined($name) )
+            if( is_binary($srcType,$name) )
             {
-                my ($ret)=$state->{entries}{$path}{options};
-                if( !defined($ret) )
-                {
-                    $ret=$state->{opt}{k};
-                    if(defined($ret))
-                    {
-                        $ret="-k$ret";
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        $ret="";
-                    }
-                }
-                if( ! ($ret=~/^(|-kb|-kkv|-kkvl|-kk|-ko|-kv)$/) )
-                {
-                    print "E Bad -k option\n";
-                    $log->warn("Bad -k option: $ret");
-                    die "Error: Bad -k option: $ret\n";
-                }
-
-                return $ret;
+                $log->debug("... as binary");
+                return "-kb";
             }
             else
             {
-                if( is_binary($srcType,$name) )
-                {
-                    $log->debug("... as binary");
-                    return "-kb";
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    $log->debug("... as text");
-                }
+                $log->debug("... as text");
             }
         }
     }
@@ -2586,7 +3279,7 @@ sub open_blob_or_die
             die "Unable to open file $name: $!\n";
         }
     }
-    elsif( $srcType eq "sha1" || $srcType eq "sha1Or-k" )
+    elsif( $srcType eq "sha1" )
     {
         unless ( defined ( $name ) and $name =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
         {
@@ -2674,6 +3367,45 @@ sub descramble
     return $ret;
 }
 
+# Test if the (deep) values of two references to a hash are the same.
+sub refHashEqual
+{
+    my($v1,$v2) = @_;
+
+    my $out;
+    if(!defined($v1))
+    {
+        if(!defined($v2))
+        {
+            $out=1;
+        }
+    }
+    elsif( !defined($v2) ||
+           scalar(keys(%{$v1})) != scalar(keys(%{$v2})) )
+    {
+        # $out=undef;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        $out=1;
+
+        my $key;
+        foreach $key (keys(%{$v1}))
+        {
+            if( !exists($v2->{$key}) ||
+                defined($v1->{$key}) ne defined($v2->{$key}) ||
+                ( defined($v1->{$key}) &&
+                  $v1->{$key} ne $v2->{$key} ) )
+            {
+               $out=undef;
+               last;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $out;
+}
+
 
 package GITCVS::log;
 
@@ -2894,6 +3626,9 @@ sub new
 
     die "Git repo '$self->{git_path}' doesn't exist" unless ( -d $self->{git_path} );
 
+    # Stores full sha1's for various branch/tag names, abbreviations, etc:
+    $self->{commitRefCache} = {};
+
     $self->{dbdriver} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbdriver} ||
         $cfg->{gitcvs}{dbdriver} || "SQLite";
     $self->{dbname} = $cfg->{gitcvs}{$state->{method}}{dbname} ||
@@ -2929,6 +3664,16 @@ sub new
     }
 
     # Construct the revision table if required
+    # The revision table stores an entry for each file, each time that file
+    # changes.
+    #   numberOfRecords = O( numCommits * averageNumChangedFilesPerCommit )
+    # This is not sufficient to support "-r {commithash}" for any
+    # files except files that were modified by that commit (also,
+    # some places in the code ignore/effectively strip out -r in
+    # some cases, before it gets passed to getmeta()).
+    # The "filehash" field typically has a git blob hash, but can also
+    # be set to "dead" to indicate that the given version of the file
+    # should not exist in the sandbox.
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("revision")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
@@ -2956,6 +3701,15 @@ sub new
     }
 
     # Construct the head table if required
+    # The head table (along with the "last_commit" entry in the property
+    # table) is the persisted working state of the "sub update" subroutine.
+    # All of it's data is read entirely first, and completely recreated
+    # last, every time "sub update" runs.
+    # This is also used by "sub getmeta" when it is asked for the latest
+    # version of a file (as opposed to some specific version).
+    # Another way of thinking about it is as a single slice out of
+    # "revisions", giving just the most recent revision information for
+    # each file.
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("head")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
@@ -2978,6 +3732,7 @@ sub new
     }
 
     # Construct the properties table if required
+    #  - "last_commit" - Used by "sub update".
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("properties")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("properties");
@@ -2990,6 +3745,11 @@ sub new
     }
 
     # Construct the commitmsgs table if required
+    # The commitmsgs table is only used for merge commits, since
+    # "sub update" will only keep one branch of parents.  Shortlogs
+    # for ignored commits (i.e. not on the chosen branch) will be used
+    # to construct a replacement "collapsed" merge commit message,
+    # which will be stored in this table.  See also "sub commitmessage".
     unless ( $self->{tables}{$self->tablename("commitmsgs")} )
     {
         my $tablename = $self->tablename("commitmsgs");
@@ -3021,6 +3781,14 @@ sub tablename
 
 =head2 update
 
+Bring the database up to date with the latest changes from
+the git repository.
+
+Internal working state is read out of the "head" table and the
+"last_commit" property, then it updates "revisions" based on that, and
+finally it writes the new internal state back to the "head" table
+so it can be used as a starting point the next time update is called.
+
 =cut
 sub update
 {
@@ -3043,6 +3811,8 @@ sub update
     my $lastcommit = $self->_get_prop("last_commit");
 
     if (defined $lastcommit && $lastcommit eq $commitsha1) { # up-to-date
+         # invalidate the gethead cache
+         $self->clearCommitRefCaches();
          return 1;
     }
 
@@ -3060,45 +3830,10 @@ sub update
         push @git_log_params, $self->{module};
     }
     # git-rev-list is the backend / plumbing version of git-log
-    open(GITLOG, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params) or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
-
-    my @commits;
-
-    my %commit = ();
-
-    while ( <GITLOG> )
-    {
-        chomp;
-        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
-            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
-            # and prime things for the next one
-            if (keys %commit) {
-                my %copy = %commit;
-                unshift @commits, \%copy;
-                %commit = ();
-            }
-            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
-            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
-            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
-        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
-            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
-            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
-            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
-        } else {
-            # message lines - skip initial empty line
-            # and trim whitespace
-            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
-                # define it to mark the end of headers
-                $commit{message} = '';
-                next;
-            }
-            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
-            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
-        }
-    }
-    close GITLOG;
-
-    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+    open(my $gitLogPipe, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list', @git_log_params)
+                or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+    my @commits=readCommits($gitLogPipe);
+    close $gitLogPipe;
 
     # Now all the commits are in the @commits bucket
     # ordered by time DESC. for each commit that needs processing,
@@ -3116,7 +3851,7 @@ sub update
     my $commitcount = 0;
 
     # Load the head table into $head (for cached lookups during the update process)
-    foreach my $file ( @{$self->gethead()} )
+    foreach my $file ( @{$self->gethead(1)} )
     {
         $head->{$file->{name}} = $file;
     }
@@ -3134,17 +3869,18 @@ sub update
                 next;
             } elsif (@{$commit->{parents}} > 1) {
                 # it is a merge commit, for each parent that is
-                # not $lastpicked, see if we can get a log
+                # not $lastpicked (not given a CVS revision number),
+                # see if we can get a log
                 # from the merge-base to that parent to put it
                 # in the message as a merge summary.
                 my @parents = @{$commit->{parents}};
                 foreach my $parent (@parents) {
-                    # git-merge-base can potentially (but rarely) throw
-                    # several candidate merge bases. let's assume
-                    # that the first one is the best one.
                     if ($parent eq $lastpicked) {
                         next;
                     }
+                    # git-merge-base can potentially (but rarely) throw
+                    # several candidate merge bases. let's assume
+                    # that the first one is the best one.
 		    my $base = eval {
 			    safe_pipe_capture('git', 'merge-base',
 						 $lastpicked, $parent);
@@ -3196,7 +3932,7 @@ sub update
         }
 
         # convert the date to CVS-happy format
-        $commit->{date} = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5" if ( $commit->{date} =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ );
+        my $cvsDate = convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
 
         if ( defined ( $lastpicked ) )
         {
@@ -3205,7 +3941,7 @@ sub update
             while ( <FILELIST> )
             {
 		chomp;
-                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+\d{3}(\d)\d{2}\s+[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
+                unless ( /^:\d{6}\s+([0-7]{6})\s+[a-f0-9]{40}\s+([a-f0-9]{40})\s+(\w)$/o )
                 {
                     die("Couldn't process git-diff-tree line : $_");
                 }
@@ -3215,11 +3951,7 @@ sub update
 
                 # $log->debug("File mode=$mode, hash=$hash, change=$change, name=$name");
 
-                my $git_perms = "";
-                $git_perms .= "r" if ( $mode & 4 );
-                $git_perms .= "w" if ( $mode & 2 );
-                $git_perms .= "x" if ( $mode & 1 );
-                $git_perms = "rw" if ( $git_perms eq "" );
+                my $dbMode = convertToDbMode($mode);
 
                 if ( $change eq "D" )
                 {
@@ -3229,11 +3961,11 @@ sub update
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
                         filehash => "deleted",
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 elsif ( $change eq "M" || $change eq "T" )
                 {
@@ -3243,11 +3975,11 @@ sub update
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} + 1,
                         filehash => $hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 elsif ( $change eq "A" )
                 {
@@ -3257,11 +3989,11 @@ sub update
                         revision => $head->{$name}{revision} ? $head->{$name}{revision}+1 : 1,
                         filehash => $hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
-                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($name, $head->{$name}{revision}, $hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -3284,7 +4016,7 @@ sub update
                     die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
                 }
 
-                my ( $git_perms, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+                my ( $mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
 
                 $seen_files->{$git_filename} = 1;
 
@@ -3294,18 +4026,10 @@ sub update
                     $head->{$git_filename}{mode}
                 );
 
-                if ( $git_perms =~ /^\d\d\d(\d)\d\d/o )
-                {
-                    $git_perms = "";
-                    $git_perms .= "r" if ( $1 & 4 );
-                    $git_perms .= "w" if ( $1 & 2 );
-                    $git_perms .= "x" if ( $1 & 1 );
-                } else {
-                    $git_perms = "rw";
-                }
+                my $dbMode = convertToDbMode($mode);
 
                 # unless the file exists with the same hash, we need to update it ...
-                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $git_perms )
+                unless ( defined($oldhash) and $oldhash eq $git_hash and defined($oldmode) and $oldmode eq $dbMode )
                 {
                     my $newrevision = ( $oldrevision or 0 ) + 1;
 
@@ -3314,29 +4038,29 @@ sub update
                         revision => $newrevision,
                         filehash => $git_hash,
                         commithash => $commit->{hash},
-                        modified => $commit->{date},
+                        modified => $cvsDate,
                         author => $commit->{author},
-                        mode => $git_perms,
+                        mode => $dbMode,
                     };
 
 
-                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $git_perms);
+                    $self->insert_rev($git_filename, $newrevision, $git_hash, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $dbMode);
                 }
             }
             close FILELIST;
 
             # Detect deleted files
-            foreach my $file ( keys %$head )
+            foreach my $file ( sort keys %$head )
             {
                 unless ( exists $seen_files->{$file} or $head->{$file}{filehash} eq "deleted" )
                 {
                     $head->{$file}{revision}++;
                     $head->{$file}{filehash} = "deleted";
                     $head->{$file}{commithash} = $commit->{hash};
-                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $commit->{date};
+                    $head->{$file}{modified} = $cvsDate;
                     $head->{$file}{author} = $commit->{author};
 
-                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $commit->{date}, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
+                    $self->insert_rev($file, $head->{$file}{revision}, $head->{$file}{filehash}, $commit->{hash}, $cvsDate, $commit->{author}, $head->{$file}{mode});
                 }
             }
             # END : "Detect deleted files"
@@ -3354,7 +4078,7 @@ sub update
     }
 
     $self->delete_head();
-    foreach my $file ( keys %$head )
+    foreach my $file ( sort keys %$head )
     {
         $self->insert_head(
             $file,
@@ -3367,13 +4091,94 @@ sub update
         );
     }
     # invalidate the gethead cache
-    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
+    $self->clearCommitRefCaches();
 
 
     # Ending exclusive lock here
     $self->{dbh}->commit() or die "Failed to commit changes to SQLite";
 }
 
+sub readCommits
+{
+    my $pipeHandle = shift;
+    my @commits;
+
+    my %commit = ();
+
+    while ( <$pipeHandle> )
+    {
+        chomp;
+        if (m/^commit\s+(.*)$/) {
+            # on ^commit lines put the just seen commit in the stack
+            # and prime things for the next one
+            if (keys %commit) {
+                my %copy = %commit;
+                unshift @commits, \%copy;
+                %commit = ();
+            }
+            my @parents = split(m/\s+/, $1);
+            $commit{hash} = shift @parents;
+            $commit{parents} = \@parents;
+        } elsif (m/^(\w+?):\s+(.*)$/ && !exists($commit{message})) {
+            # on rfc822-like lines seen before we see any message,
+            # lowercase the entry and put it in the hash as key-value
+            $commit{lc($1)} = $2;
+        } else {
+            # message lines - skip initial empty line
+            # and trim whitespace
+            if (!exists($commit{message}) && m/^\s*$/) {
+                # define it to mark the end of headers
+                $commit{message} = '';
+                next;
+            }
+            s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//; # trim ws
+            $commit{message} .= $_ . "\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    unshift @commits, \%commit if ( keys %commit );
+
+    return @commits;
+}
+
+sub convertToCvsDate
+{
+    my $date = shift;
+    # Convert from: "git rev-list --pretty" formatted date
+    # Convert to: "the format specified by RFC822 as modified by RFC1123."
+    # Example: 26 May 1997 13:01:40 -0400
+    if( $date =~ /^\w+\s+(\w+)\s+(\d+)\s+(\d+:\d+:\d+)\s+(\d+)\s+([+-]\d+)$/ )
+    {
+        $date = "$2 $1 $4 $3 $5";
+    }
+
+    return $date;
+}
+
+sub convertToDbMode
+{
+    my $mode = shift;
+
+    # NOTE: The CVS protocol uses a string similar "u=rw,g=rw,o=rw",
+    #  but the database "mode" column historically (and currently)
+    #  only stores the "rw" (for user) part of the string.
+    #    FUTURE: It might make more sense to persist the raw
+    #  octal mode (or perhaps the final full CVS form) instead of
+    #  this half-converted form, but it isn't currently worth the
+    #  backwards compatibility headaches.
+
+    $mode=~/^\d{3}(\d)\d\d$/;
+    my $userBits=$1;
+
+    my $dbMode = "";
+    $dbMode .= "r" if ( $userBits & 4 );
+    $dbMode .= "w" if ( $userBits & 2 );
+    $dbMode .= "x" if ( $userBits & 1 );
+    $dbMode = "rw" if ( $dbMode eq "" );
+
+    return $dbMode;
+}
+
 sub insert_rev
 {
     my $self = shift;
@@ -3426,19 +4231,6 @@ sub insert_head
     $insert_head->execute($name, $revision, $filehash, $commithash, $modified, $author, $mode);
 }
 
-sub _headrev
-{
-    my $self = shift;
-    my $filename = shift;
-    my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
-
-    my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT filehash, revision, mode FROM $tablename WHERE name=?",{},1);
-    $db_query->execute($filename);
-    my ( $hash, $revision, $mode ) = $db_query->fetchrow_array;
-
-    return ( $hash, $revision, $mode );
-}
-
 sub _get_prop
 {
     my $self = shift;
@@ -3478,6 +4270,7 @@ sub _set_prop
 sub gethead
 {
     my $self = shift;
+    my $intRev = shift;
     my $tablename = $self->tablename("head");
 
     return $self->{gethead_cache} if ( defined ( $self->{gethead_cache} ) );
@@ -3488,6 +4281,10 @@ sub gethead
     my $tree = [];
     while ( my $file = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref )
     {
+        if(!$intRev)
+        {
+            $file->{revision} = "1.$file->{revision}"
+        }
         push @$tree, $file;
     }
 
@@ -3496,26 +4293,222 @@ sub gethead
     return $tree;
 }
 
+=head2 getAnyHead
+
+Returns a reference to an array of getmeta structures, one
+per file in the specified tree hash.
+
+=cut
+
+sub getAnyHead
+{
+    my ($self,$hash) = @_;
+
+    if(!defined($hash))
+    {
+        return $self->gethead();
+    }
+
+    my @files;
+    {
+        open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $hash)
+                or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+        local $/ = "\0";
+        @files=<$filePipe>;
+        close $filePipe;
+    }
+
+    my $tree=[];
+    my($line);
+    foreach $line (@files)
+    {
+        $line=~s/\0$//;
+        unless ( $line=~/^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+        {
+            die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+        }
+
+        my($mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+        push @$tree, $self->getMetaFromCommithash($git_filename,$hash);
+    }
+
+    return $tree;
+}
+
+=head2 getRevisionDirMap
+
+A "revision dir map" contains all the plain-file filenames associated
+with a particular revision (tree-ish), organized by directory:
+
+  $type = $out->{$dir}{$fullName}
+
+The type of each is "F" (for ordinary file) or "D" (for directory,
+for which the map $out->{$fullName} will also exist).
+
+=cut
+
+sub getRevisionDirMap
+{
+    my ($self,$ver)=@_;
+
+    if(!defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}))
+    {
+        $self->{revisionDirMapCache}={};
+    }
+
+        # Get file list (previously cached results are dependent on HEAD,
+        # but are early in each case):
+    my $cacheKey;
+    my (@fileList);
+    if( !defined($ver) || $ver eq "" )
+    {
+        $cacheKey="";
+        if( defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}) )
+        {
+            return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+        }
+
+        my @head = @{$self->gethead()};
+        foreach my $file ( @head )
+        {
+            next if ( $file->{filehash} eq "deleted" );
+
+            push @fileList,$file->{name};
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        my ($hash)=$self->lookupCommitRef($ver);
+        if( !defined($hash) )
+        {
+            return undef;
+        }
+
+        $cacheKey=$hash;
+        if( defined($self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}) )
+        {
+            return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+        }
+
+        open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z', '-r', $hash)
+                or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+        local $/ = "\0";
+        while ( <$filePipe> )
+        {
+            chomp;
+            unless ( /^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+            {
+                die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $_");
+            }
+
+            my($mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+
+            push @fileList, $git_filename;
+        }
+        close $filePipe;
+    }
+
+        # Convert to normalized form:
+    my %revMap;
+    my $file;
+    foreach $file (@fileList)
+    {
+        my($dir) = ($file=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+        $dir='' if(!defined($dir));
+
+            # parent directories:
+            # ... create empty dir maps for parent dirs:
+        my($td)=$dir;
+        while(!defined($revMap{$td}))
+        {
+            $revMap{$td}={};
+
+            my($tp)=($td=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+            $tp='' if(!defined($tp));
+            $td=$tp;
+        }
+            # ... add children to parent maps (now that they exist):
+        $td=$dir;
+        while($td ne "")
+        {
+            my($tp)=($td=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*)$%);
+            $tp='' if(!defined($tp));
+
+            if(defined($revMap{$tp}{$td}))
+            {
+                if($revMap{$tp}{$td} ne 'D')
+                {
+                    die "Weird file/directory inconsistency in $cacheKey";
+                }
+                last;   # loop exit
+            }
+            $revMap{$tp}{$td}='D';
+
+            $td=$tp;
+        }
+
+            # file
+        $revMap{$dir}{$file}='F';
+    }
+
+        # Save in cache:
+    $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey}=\%revMap;
+    return $self->{revisionDirMapCache}{$cacheKey};
+}
+
 =head2 getlog
 
+See also gethistorydense().
+
 =cut
 
 sub getlog
 {
     my $self = shift;
     my $filename = shift;
+    my $revFilter = shift;
+
     my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
 
+    # Filters:
+    # TODO: date, state, or by specific logins filters?
+    # TODO: Handle comma-separated list of revFilter items, each item
+    #   can be a range [only case currently handled] or individual
+    #   rev or branch or "branch.".
+    # TODO: Adjust $db_query WHERE clause based on revFilter, instead of
+    #   manually filtering the results of the query?
+    my ( $minrev, $maxrev );
+    if( defined($revFilter) and
+        $state->{opt}{r} =~ /^(1.(\d+))?(::?)(1.(\d.+))?$/ )
+    {
+        my $control = $3;
+        $minrev = $2;
+        $maxrev = $5;
+        $minrev++ if ( defined($minrev) and $control eq "::" );
+    }
+
     my $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT name, filehash, author, mode, revision, modified, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
     $db_query->execute($filename);
 
+    my $totalRevs=0;
     my $tree = [];
     while ( my $file = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref )
     {
+        $totalRevs++;
+        if( defined($minrev) and $file->{revision} < $minrev )
+        {
+            next;
+        }
+        if( defined($maxrev) and $file->{revision} > $maxrev )
+        {
+            next;
+        }
+
+        $file->{revision} = "1." . $file->{revision};
         push @$tree, $file;
     }
 
-    return $tree;
+    return ($tree,$totalRevs);
 }
 
 =head2 getmeta
@@ -3523,6 +4516,19 @@ sub getlog
 This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns a hashref of
 metadata for that file.
 
+There are several ways $revision can be specified:
+
+   - A reference to hash that contains a "tag" that is the
+     actual revision (one of the below).  TODO: Also allow it to
+     specify a "date" in the hash.
+   - undef, to refer to the latest version on the main branch.
+   - Full CVS client revision number (mapped to integer in DB, without the
+     "1." prefix),
+   - Complex CVS-compatible "special" revision number for
+     non-linear history (see comment below)
+   - git commit sha1 hash
+   - branch or tag name
+
 =cut
 
 sub getmeta
@@ -3533,22 +4539,347 @@ sub getmeta
     my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
     my $tablename_head = $self->tablename("head");
 
-    my $db_query;
-    if ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^\d+$/ )
+    if ( ref($revision) eq "HASH" )
     {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
+        $revision = $revision->{tag};
     }
-    elsif ( defined($revision) and $revision =~ /^[a-zA-Z0-9]{40}$/ )
+
+    # Overview of CVS revision numbers:
+    #
+    # General CVS numbering scheme:
+    #   - Basic mainline branch numbers: "1.1", "1.2", "1.3", etc.
+    #   - Result of "cvs checkin -r" (possible, but not really
+    #     recommended): "2.1", "2.2", etc
+    #   - Branch tag: "1.2.0.n", where "1.2" is revision it was branched
+    #     from, "0" is a magic placeholder that identifies it as a
+    #     branch tag instead of a version tag, and n is 2 times the
+    #     branch number off of "1.2", starting with "2".
+    #   - Version on a branch: "1.2.n.x", where "1.2" is branch-from, "n"
+    #     is branch number off of "1.2" (like n above), and "x" is
+    #     the version number on the branch.
+    #   - Branches can branch off of branches: "1.3.2.7.4.1" (even number
+    #     of components).
+    #   - Odd "n"s are used by "vendor branches" that result
+    #     from "cvs import".  Vendor branches have additional
+    #     strangeness in the sense that the main rcs "head" of the main
+    #     branch will (temporarily until first normal commit) point
+    #     to the version on the vendor branch, rather than the actual
+    #     main branch.  (FUTURE: This may provide an opportunity
+    #     to use "strange" revision numbers for fast-forward-merged
+    #     branch tip when CVS client is asking for the main branch.)
+    #
+    # git-cvsserver CVS-compatible special numbering schemes:
+    #   - Currently git-cvsserver only tries to be identical to CVS for
+    #     simple "1.x" numbers on the "main" branch (as identified
+    #     by the module name that was originally cvs checkout'ed).
+    #   - The database only stores the "x" part, for historical reasons.
+    #     But most of the rest of the cvsserver preserves
+    #     and thinks using the full revision number.
+    #   - To handle non-linear history, it uses a version of the form
+    #     "2.1.1.2000.b.b.b."..., where the 2.1.1.2000 is to help uniquely
+    #     identify this as a special revision number, and there are
+    #     20 b's that together encode the sha1 git commit from which
+    #     this version of this file originated.  Each b is
+    #     the numerical value of the corresponding byte plus
+    #     100.
+    #      - "plus 100" avoids "0"s, and also reduces the
+    #        likelihood of a collision in the case that someone someday
+    #        writes an import tool that tries to preserve original
+    #        CVS revision numbers, and the original CVS data had done
+    #        lots of branches off of branches and other strangeness to
+    #        end up with a real version number that just happens to look
+    #        like this special revision number form.  Also, if needed
+    #        there are several ways to extend/identify alternative encodings
+    #        within the "2.1.1.2000" part if necessary.
+    #      - Unlike real CVS revisions, you can't really reconstruct what
+    #        relation a revision of this form has to other revisions.
+    #   - FUTURE: TODO: Rework database somehow to make up and remember
+    #     fully-CVS-compatible branches and branch version numbers.
+
+    my $meta;
+    if ( defined($revision) )
     {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",{},1);
-        $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
-    } else {
-        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
+        if ( $revision =~ /^1\.(\d+)$/ )
+        {
+            my ($intRev) = $1;
+            my $db_query;
+            $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND revision=?",
+                {},1);
+            $db_query->execute($filename, $intRev);
+            $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+        }
+        elsif ( $revision =~ /^2\.1\.1\.2000(\.[1-3][0-9][0-9]){20}$/ )
+        {
+            my ($commitHash)=($revision=~/^2\.1\.1\.2000(.*)$/);
+            $commitHash=~s/\.([0-9]+)/sprintf("%02x",$1-100)/eg;
+            if($commitHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$commitHash);
+            }
+
+            # error recovery: fall back on head version below
+            print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision or commit=$commitHash\n";
+            $log->warning("failed get $revision with commithash=$commitHash");
+            undef $revision;
+        }
+        elsif ( $revision =~ /^[0-9a-f]{40}$/ )
+        {
+            # Try DB first.  This is mostly only useful for req_annotate(),
+            # which only calls this for stuff that should already be in
+            # the DB.  It is fairly likely to be a waste of time
+            # in most other cases [unless the file happened to be
+            # modified in $revision specifically], but
+            # it is probably in the noise compared to how long
+            # getMetaFromCommithash() will take.
+            my $db_query;
+            $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",
+                {},1);
+            $db_query->execute($filename, $revision);
+            $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+
+            if(! $meta)
+            {
+                my($revCommit)=$self->lookupCommitRef($revision);
+                if($revCommit=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+                {
+                    return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$revCommit);
+                }
+
+                # error recovery: nothing found:
+                print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision\n";
+                $log->warning("failed get $revision");
+                return $meta;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            my($revCommit)=$self->lookupCommitRef($revision);
+            if($revCommit=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/)
+            {
+                return $self->getMetaFromCommithash($filename,$revCommit);
+            }
+
+            # error recovery: fall back on head version below
+            print "E Failed to find $filename version=$revision\n";
+            $log->warning("failed get $revision");
+            undef $revision;  # Allow fallback
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!defined($revision))
+    {
+        my $db_query;
+        $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+                "SELECT * FROM $tablename_head WHERE name=?",{},1);
         $db_query->execute($filename);
+        $meta = $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    }
+
+    if($meta)
+    {
+        $meta->{revision} = "1.$meta->{revision}";
+    }
+    return $meta;
+}
+
+sub getMetaFromCommithash
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $revCommit = shift;
+
+    # NOTE: This function doesn't scale well (lots of forks), especially
+    #   if you have many files that have not been modified for many commits
+    #   (each git-rev-parse redoes a lot of work for each file
+    #   that theoretically could be done in parallel by smarter
+    #   graph traversal).
+    #
+    # TODO: Possible optimization strategies:
+    #   - Solve the issue of assigning and remembering "real" CVS
+    #     revision numbers for branches, and ensure the
+    #     data structure can do this efficiently.  Perhaps something
+    #     similar to "git notes", and carefully structured to take
+    #     advantage same-sha1-is-same-contents, to roll the same
+    #     unmodified subdirectory data onto multiple commits?
+    #   - Write and use a C tool that is like git-blame, but
+    #     operates on multiple files with file granularity, instead
+    #     of one file with line granularity.  Cache
+    #     most-recently-modified in $self->{commitRefCache}{$revCommit}.
+    #     Try to be intelligent about how many files we do with
+    #     one fork (perhaps one directory at a time, without recursion,
+    #     and/or include directory as one line item, recurse from here
+    #     instead of in C tool?).
+    #   - Perhaps we could ask the DB for (filename,fileHash),
+    #     and just guess that it is correct (that the file hadn't
+    #     changed between $revCommit and the found commit, then
+    #     changed back, confusing anything trying to interpret
+    #     history).  Probably need to add another index to revisions
+    #     DB table for this.
+    #   - NOTE: Trying to store all (commit,file) keys in DB [to
+    #     find "lastModfiedCommit] (instead of
+    #     just files that changed in each commit as we do now) is
+    #     probably not practical from a disk space perspective.
+
+        # Does the file exist in $revCommit?
+    # TODO: Include file hash in dirmap cache.
+    my($dirMap)=$self->getRevisionDirMap($revCommit);
+    my($dir,$file)=($filename=~m%^(?:(.*)/)?([^/]*$)%);
+    if(!defined($dir))
+    {
+        $dir="";
+    }
+    if( !defined($dirMap->{$dir}) ||
+        !defined($dirMap->{$dir}{$filename}) )
+    {
+        my($fileHash)="deleted";
+
+        my($retVal)={};
+        $retVal->{name}=$filename;
+        $retVal->{filehash}=$fileHash;
+
+            # not needed and difficult to compute:
+        $retVal->{revision}="0";  # $revision;
+        $retVal->{commithash}=$revCommit;
+        #$retVal->{author}=$commit->{author};
+        #$retVal->{modified}=convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
+        #$retVal->{mode}=convertToDbMode($mode);
+
+        return $retVal;
+    }
+
+    my($fileHash)=safe_pipe_capture("git","rev-parse","$revCommit:$filename");
+    chomp $fileHash;
+    if(!($fileHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/))
+    {
+        die "Invalid fileHash '$fileHash' looking up"
+                    ." '$revCommit:$filename'\n";
+    }
+
+    # information about most recent commit to modify $filename:
+    open(my $gitLogPipe, '-|', 'git', 'rev-list',
+         '--max-count=1', '--pretty', '--parents',
+         $revCommit, '--', $filename)
+                or die "Cannot call git-rev-list: $!";
+    my @commits=readCommits($gitLogPipe);
+    close $gitLogPipe;
+    if(scalar(@commits)!=1)
+    {
+        die "Can't find most recent commit changing $filename\n";
+    }
+    my($commit)=$commits[0];
+    if( !defined($commit) || !defined($commit->{hash}) )
+    {
+        return undef;
+    }
+
+    # does this (commit,file) have a real assigned CVS revision number?
+    my $tablename_rev = $self->tablename("revision");
+    my $db_query;
+    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached(
+        "SELECT * FROM $tablename_rev WHERE name=? AND commithash=?",
+        {},1);
+    $db_query->execute($filename, $commit->{hash});
+    my($meta)=$db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    if($meta)
+    {
+        $meta->{revision} = "1.$meta->{revision}";
+        return $meta;
+    }
+
+    # fall back on special revision number
+    my($revision)=$commit->{hash};
+    $revision=~s/(..)/'.' . (hex($1)+100)/eg;
+    $revision="2.1.1.2000$revision";
+
+    # meta data about $filename:
+    open(my $filePipe, '-|', 'git', 'ls-tree', '-z',
+                $commit->{hash}, '--', $filename)
+            or die("Cannot call git-ls-tree : $!");
+    local $/ = "\0";
+    my $line;
+    $line=<$filePipe>;
+    if(defined(<$filePipe>))
+    {
+        die "Expected only a single file for git-ls-tree $filename\n";
+    }
+    close $filePipe;
+
+    chomp $line;
+    unless ( $line=~m/^(\d+)\s+(\w+)\s+([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\t(.*)$/o )
+    {
+        die("Couldn't process git-ls-tree line : $line\n");
+    }
+    my ( $mode, $git_type, $git_hash, $git_filename ) = ( $1, $2, $3, $4 );
+
+    # save result:
+    my($retVal)={};
+    $retVal->{name}=$filename;
+    $retVal->{revision}=$revision;
+    $retVal->{filehash}=$fileHash;
+    $retVal->{commithash}=$revCommit;
+    $retVal->{author}=$commit->{author};
+    $retVal->{modified}=convertToCvsDate($commit->{date});
+    $retVal->{mode}=convertToDbMode($mode);
+
+    return $retVal;
+}
+
+=head2 lookupCommitRef
+
+Convert tag/branch/abbreviation/etc into a commit sha1 hash.  Caches
+the result so looking it up again is fast.
+
+=cut
+
+sub lookupCommitRef
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $ref = shift;
+
+    my $commitHash = $self->{commitRefCache}{$ref};
+    if(defined($commitHash))
+    {
+        return $commitHash;
     }
 
-    return $db_query->fetchrow_hashref;
+    $commitHash=safe_pipe_capture("git","rev-parse","--verify","--quiet",
+                                  $self->unescapeRefName($ref));
+    $commitHash=~s/\s*$//;
+    if(!($commitHash=~/^[0-9a-f]{40}$/))
+    {
+        $commitHash=undef;
+    }
+
+    if( defined($commitHash) )
+    {
+        my $type=safe_pipe_capture("git","cat-file","-t",$commitHash);
+        if( ! ($type=~/^commit\s*$/ ) )
+        {
+            $commitHash=undef;
+        }
+    }
+    if(defined($commitHash))
+    {
+        $self->{commitRefCache}{$ref}=$commitHash;
+    }
+    return $commitHash;
+}
+
+=head2 clearCommitRefCaches
+
+Clears cached commit cache (sha1's for various tags/abbeviations/etc),
+and related caches.
+
+=cut
+
+sub clearCommitRefCaches
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    $self->{commitRefCache} = {};
+    $self->{revisionDirMapCache} = undef;
+    $self->{gethead_cache} = undef;
 }
 
 =head2 commitmessage
@@ -3583,46 +4914,128 @@ sub commitmessage
     return $message;
 }
 
-=head2 gethistory
+=head2 gethistorydense
 
 This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns an arrayofarrays
-containing revision,filehash,commithash ordered by revision descending
+containing revision,filehash,commithash ordered by revision descending.
+
+This version of gethistory skips deleted entries -- so it is useful for annotate.
+The 'dense' part is a reference to a '--dense' option available for git-rev-list
+and other git tools that depend on it.
+
+See also getlog().
 
 =cut
-sub gethistory
+sub gethistorydense
 {
     my $self = shift;
     my $filename = shift;
     my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
 
     my $db_query;
-    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
+    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? AND filehash!='deleted' ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
     $db_query->execute($filename);
 
-    return $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+    my $result = $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+
+    my $i;
+    for($i=0 ; $i<scalar(@$result) ; $i++)
+    {
+        $result->[$i][0]="1." . $result->[$i][0];
+    }
+
+    return $result;
 }
 
-=head2 gethistorydense
+=head2 escapeRefName
 
-This function takes a filename (with path) argument and returns an arrayofarrays
-containing revision,filehash,commithash ordered by revision descending.
+Apply an escape mechanism to compensate for characters that
+git ref names can have that CVS tags can not.
 
-This version of gethistory skips deleted entries -- so it is useful for annotate.
-The 'dense' part is a reference to a '--dense' option available for git-rev-list
-and other git tools that depend on it.
+=cut
+sub escapeRefName
+{
+    my($self,$refName)=@_;
+
+    # CVS officially only allows [-_A-Za-z0-9] in tag names (or in
+    # many contexts it can also be a CVS revision number).
+    #
+    # Git tags commonly use '/' and '.' as well, but also handle
+    # anything else just in case:
+    #
+    #   = "_-s-"  For '/'.
+    #   = "_-p-"  For '.'.
+    #   = "_-u-"  For underscore, in case someone wants a literal "_-" in
+    #     a tag name.
+    #   = "_-xx-" Where "xx" is the hexadecimal representation of the
+    #     desired ASCII character byte. (for anything else)
+
+    if(! $refName=~/^[1-9][0-9]*(\.[1-9][0-9]*)*$/)
+    {
+        $refName=~s/_-/_-u--/g;
+        $refName=~s/\./_-p-/g;
+        $refName=~s%/%_-s-%g;
+        $refName=~s/[^-_a-zA-Z0-9]/sprintf("_-%02x-",$1)/eg;
+    }
+}
+
+=head2 unescapeRefName
+
+Undo an escape mechanism to compensate for characters that
+git ref names can have that CVS tags can not.
 
 =cut
-sub gethistorydense
+sub unescapeRefName
 {
-    my $self = shift;
-    my $filename = shift;
-    my $tablename = $self->tablename("revision");
+    my($self,$refName)=@_;
 
-    my $db_query;
-    $db_query = $self->{dbh}->prepare_cached("SELECT revision, filehash, commithash FROM $tablename WHERE name=? AND filehash!='deleted' ORDER BY revision DESC",{},1);
-    $db_query->execute($filename);
+    # see escapeRefName() for description of escape mechanism.
+
+    $refName=~s/_-([spu]|[0-9a-f][0-9a-f])-/unescapeRefNameChar($1)/eg;
+
+    # allowed tag names
+    # TODO: Perhaps use git check-ref-format, with an in-process cache of
+    #  validated names?
+    if( !( $refName=~m%^[^-][-a-zA-Z0-9_/.]*$% ) ||
+        ( $refName=~m%[/.]$% ) ||
+        ( $refName=~/\.lock$/ ) ||
+        ( $refName=~m%\.\.|/\.|[[\\:?*~]|\@\{% ) )  # matching }
+    {
+        # Error:
+        $log->warn("illegal refName: $refName");
+        $refName=undef;
+    }
+    return $refName;
+}
+
+sub unescapeRefNameChar
+{
+    my($char)=@_;
+
+    if($char eq "s")
+    {
+        $char="/";
+    }
+    elsif($char eq "p")
+    {
+        $char=".";
+    }
+    elsif($char eq "u")
+    {
+        $char="_";
+    }
+    elsif($char=~/^[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]$/)
+    {
+        $char=chr(hex($char));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        # Error case: Maybe it has come straight from user, and
+        # wasn't supposed to be escaped?  Restore it the way we got it:
+        $char="_-$char-";
+    }
 
-    return $db_query->fetchall_arrayref;
+    return $char;
 }
 
 =head2 in_array()
diff --git a/git-difftool--helper.sh b/git-difftool--helper.sh
index e6558d1010..2b11b1d6fe 100755
--- a/git-difftool--helper.sh
+++ b/git-difftool--helper.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ launch_merge_tool () {
 	# the user with the real $MERGED name before launching $merge_tool.
 	if should_prompt
 	then
-		printf "\nViewing: '$MERGED'\n"
+		printf "\nViewing (%s/%s): '%s'\n" "$GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER" \
+			"$GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL" "$MERGED"
 		if use_ext_cmd
 		then
 			printf "Launch '%s' [Y/n]: " \
@@ -48,7 +49,8 @@ launch_merge_tool () {
 		else
 			printf "Launch '%s' [Y/n]: " "$merge_tool"
 		fi
-		if read ans && test "$ans" = n
+		read ans || return
+		if test "$ans" = n
 		then
 			return
 		fi
@@ -73,9 +75,24 @@ then
 	fi
 fi
 
-# Launch the merge tool on each path provided by 'git diff'
-while test $# -gt 6
-do
-	launch_merge_tool "$1" "$2" "$5"
-	shift 7
-done
+if test -n "$GIT_DIFFTOOL_DIRDIFF"
+then
+	LOCAL="$1"
+	REMOTE="$2"
+	run_merge_tool "$merge_tool" false
+else
+	# Launch the merge tool on each path provided by 'git diff'
+	while test $# -gt 6
+	do
+		launch_merge_tool "$1" "$2" "$5"
+		status=$?
+		if test "$status" != 0 &&
+			test "$GIT_DIFFTOOL_TRUST_EXIT_CODE" = true
+		then
+			exit $status
+		fi
+		shift 7
+	done
+fi
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/git-difftool.perl b/git-difftool.perl
index 09b65f1770..7df7c8a9a7 100755
--- a/git-difftool.perl
+++ b/git-difftool.perl
@@ -1,121 +1,499 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env perl
+#!/usr/bin/perl
 # Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 David Aguilar
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Tim Henigan
 #
 # This is a wrapper around the GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF-compatible
 # git-difftool--helper script.
 #
 # This script exports GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and GIT_PAGER for use by git.
-# GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT, GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT, and GIT_DIFF_TOOL
-# are exported for use by git-difftool--helper.
+# The GIT_DIFF* variables are exported for use by git-difftool--helper.
 #
 # Any arguments that are unknown to this script are forwarded to 'git diff'.
 
 use 5.008;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use Cwd qw(abs_path);
+use Error qw(:try);
 use File::Basename qw(dirname);
-
-require Git;
-
-my $DIR = abs_path(dirname($0));
-
+use File::Copy;
+use File::Find;
+use File::stat;
+use File::Path qw(mkpath rmtree);
+use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
+use Getopt::Long qw(:config pass_through);
+use Git;
 
 sub usage
 {
+	my $exitcode = shift;
 	print << 'USAGE';
-usage: git difftool [-t|--tool=<tool>] [-x|--extcmd=<cmd>]
-                    [-y|--no-prompt]   [-g|--gui]
+usage: git difftool [-t|--tool=<tool>] [--tool-help]
+                    [-x|--extcmd=<cmd>]
+                    [-g|--gui] [--no-gui]
+                    [--prompt] [-y|--no-prompt]
+                    [-d|--dir-diff]
                     ['git diff' options]
 USAGE
-	exit 1;
+	exit($exitcode);
 }
 
-sub setup_environment
+sub find_worktree
 {
-	$ENV{PATH} = "$DIR:$ENV{PATH}";
-	$ENV{GIT_PAGER} = '';
-	$ENV{GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF} = 'git-difftool--helper';
+	# Git->repository->wc_path() does not honor changes to the working
+	# tree location made by $ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE} or the 'core.worktree'
+	# config variable.
+	return Git::command_oneline('rev-parse', '--show-toplevel');
+}
+
+sub print_tool_help
+{
+	# See the comment at the bottom of file_diff() for the reason behind
+	# using system() followed by exit() instead of exec().
+	my $rc = system(qw(git mergetool --tool-help=diff));
+	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
 }
 
-sub exe
+sub exit_cleanup
 {
-	my $exe = shift;
-	if ($^O eq 'MSWin32' || $^O eq 'msys') {
-		return "$exe.exe";
+	my ($tmpdir, $status) = @_;
+	my $errno = $!;
+	rmtree($tmpdir);
+	if ($status and $errno) {
+		my ($package, $file, $line) = caller();
+		warn "$file line $line: $errno\n";
 	}
-	return $exe;
+	exit($status | ($status >> 8));
 }
 
-sub generate_command
+sub use_wt_file
 {
-	my @command = (exe('git'), 'diff');
-	my $skip_next = 0;
-	my $idx = -1;
-	my $prompt = '';
-	for my $arg (@ARGV) {
-		$idx++;
-		if ($skip_next) {
-			$skip_next = 0;
-			next;
+	my ($repo, $workdir, $file, $sha1) = @_;
+	my $null_sha1 = '0' x 40;
+
+	if (! -e "$workdir/$file") {
+		# If the file doesn't exist in the working tree, we cannot
+		# use it.
+		return (0, $null_sha1);
+	}
+
+	my $wt_sha1 = $repo->command_oneline('hash-object', "$workdir/$file");
+	my $use = ($sha1 eq $null_sha1) || ($sha1 eq $wt_sha1);
+	return ($use, $wt_sha1);
+}
+
+sub changed_files
+{
+	my ($repo_path, $index, $worktree) = @_;
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $index;
+	$ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE} = $worktree;
+	my $must_unset_git_dir = 0;
+	if (not defined($ENV{GIT_DIR})) {
+		$must_unset_git_dir = 1;
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $repo_path;
+	}
+
+	my @refreshargs = qw/update-index --really-refresh -q --unmerged/;
+	my @gitargs = qw/diff-files --name-only -z/;
+	try {
+		Git::command_oneline(@refreshargs);
+	} catch Git::Error::Command with {};
+
+	my $line = Git::command_oneline(@gitargs);
+	my @files;
+	if (defined $line) {
+		@files = split('\0', $line);
+	} else {
+		@files = ();
+	}
+
+	delete($ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE});
+	delete($ENV{GIT_WORK_TREE});
+	delete($ENV{GIT_DIR}) if ($must_unset_git_dir);
+
+	return map { $_ => 1 } @files;
+}
+
+sub setup_dir_diff
+{
+	my ($repo, $workdir, $symlinks) = @_;
+
+	# Run the diff; exit immediately if no diff found
+	# 'Repository' and 'WorkingCopy' must be explicitly set to insure that
+	# if $GIT_DIR and $GIT_WORK_TREE are set in ENV, they are actually used
+	# by Git->repository->command*.
+	my $repo_path = $repo->repo_path();
+	my %repo_args = (Repository => $repo_path, WorkingCopy => $workdir);
+	my $diffrepo = Git->repository(%repo_args);
+
+	my @gitargs = ('diff', '--raw', '--no-abbrev', '-z', @ARGV);
+	my $diffrtn = $diffrepo->command_oneline(@gitargs);
+	exit(0) unless defined($diffrtn);
+
+	# Build index info for left and right sides of the diff
+	my $submodule_mode = '160000';
+	my $symlink_mode = '120000';
+	my $null_mode = '0' x 6;
+	my $null_sha1 = '0' x 40;
+	my $lindex = '';
+	my $rindex = '';
+	my $wtindex = '';
+	my %submodule;
+	my %symlink;
+	my @working_tree = ();
+	my @rawdiff = split('\0', $diffrtn);
+
+	my $i = 0;
+	while ($i < $#rawdiff) {
+		if ($rawdiff[$i] =~ /^::/) {
+			warn << 'EOF';
+Combined diff formats ('-c' and '--cc') are not supported in
+directory diff mode ('-d' and '--dir-diff').
+EOF
+			exit(1);
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '-t' || $arg eq '--tool') {
-			usage() if $#ARGV <= $idx;
-			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $ARGV[$idx + 1];
-			$skip_next = 1;
-			next;
+
+		my ($lmode, $rmode, $lsha1, $rsha1, $status) =
+			split(' ', substr($rawdiff[$i], 1));
+		my $src_path = $rawdiff[$i + 1];
+		my $dst_path;
+
+		if ($status =~ /^[CR]/) {
+			$dst_path = $rawdiff[$i + 2];
+			$i += 3;
+		} else {
+			$dst_path = $src_path;
+			$i += 2;
 		}
-		if ($arg =~ /^--tool=/) {
-			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = substr($arg, 7);
+
+		if ($lmode eq $submodule_mode or $rmode eq $submodule_mode) {
+			$submodule{$src_path}{left} = $lsha1;
+			if ($lsha1 ne $rsha1) {
+				$submodule{$dst_path}{right} = $rsha1;
+			} else {
+				$submodule{$dst_path}{right} = "$rsha1-dirty";
+			}
 			next;
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '-x' || $arg eq '--extcmd') {
-			usage() if $#ARGV <= $idx;
-			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD} = $ARGV[$idx + 1];
-			$skip_next = 1;
-			next;
+
+		if ($lmode eq $symlink_mode) {
+			$symlink{$src_path}{left} =
+				$diffrepo->command_oneline('show', "$lsha1");
 		}
-		if ($arg =~ /^--extcmd=/) {
-			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD} = substr($arg, 9);
-			next;
+
+		if ($rmode eq $symlink_mode) {
+			$symlink{$dst_path}{right} =
+				$diffrepo->command_oneline('show', "$rsha1");
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '-g' || $arg eq '--gui') {
-			eval {
-				my $tool = Git::command_oneline('config',
-				                                'diff.guitool');
-				if (length($tool)) {
-					$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $tool;
-				}
-			};
-			next;
+
+		if ($lmode ne $null_mode and $status !~ /^C/) {
+			$lindex .= "$lmode $lsha1\t$src_path\0";
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '-y' || $arg eq '--no-prompt') {
-			$prompt = 'no';
-			next;
+
+		if ($rmode ne $null_mode) {
+			my ($use, $wt_sha1) = use_wt_file($repo, $workdir,
+							  $dst_path, $rsha1);
+			if ($use) {
+				push @working_tree, $dst_path;
+				$wtindex .= "$rmode $wt_sha1\t$dst_path\0";
+			} else {
+				$rindex .= "$rmode $rsha1\t$dst_path\0";
+			}
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '--prompt') {
-			$prompt = 'yes';
-			next;
+	}
+
+	# Setup temp directories
+	my $tmpdir = tempdir('git-difftool.XXXXX', CLEANUP => 0, TMPDIR => 1);
+	my $ldir = "$tmpdir/left";
+	my $rdir = "$tmpdir/right";
+	mkpath($ldir) or exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+	mkpath($rdir) or exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+
+	# If $GIT_DIR is not set prior to calling 'git update-index' and
+	# 'git checkout-index', then those commands will fail if difftool
+	# is called from a directory other than the repo root.
+	my $must_unset_git_dir = 0;
+	if (not defined($ENV{GIT_DIR})) {
+		$must_unset_git_dir = 1;
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $repo_path;
+	}
+
+	# Populate the left and right directories based on each index file
+	my ($inpipe, $ctx);
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/lindex";
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index -z --index-info));
+	print($inpipe $lindex);
+	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
+
+	my $rc = system('git', 'checkout-index', '--all', "--prefix=$ldir/");
+	exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc) if $rc != 0;
+
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/rindex";
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index -z --index-info));
+	print($inpipe $rindex);
+	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
+
+	$rc = system('git', 'checkout-index', '--all', "--prefix=$rdir/");
+	exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc) if $rc != 0;
+
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = "$tmpdir/wtindex";
+	($inpipe, $ctx) =
+		$repo->command_input_pipe(qw(update-index --info-only -z --index-info));
+	print($inpipe $wtindex);
+	$repo->command_close_pipe($inpipe, $ctx);
+
+	# If $GIT_DIR was explicitly set just for the update/checkout
+	# commands, then it should be unset before continuing.
+	delete($ENV{GIT_DIR}) if ($must_unset_git_dir);
+	delete($ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE});
+
+	# Changes in the working tree need special treatment since they are
+	# not part of the index. Remove any trailing slash from $workdir
+	# before starting to avoid double slashes in symlink targets.
+	$workdir =~ s|/$||;
+	for my $file (@working_tree) {
+		my $dir = dirname($file);
+		unless (-d "$rdir/$dir") {
+			mkpath("$rdir/$dir") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+		}
+		if ($symlinks) {
+			symlink("$workdir/$file", "$rdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+		} else {
+			copy("$workdir/$file", "$rdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+
+			my $mode = stat("$workdir/$file")->mode;
+			chmod($mode, "$rdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
 		}
-		if ($arg eq '-h') {
-			usage();
+	}
+
+	# Changes to submodules require special treatment. This loop writes a
+	# temporary file to both the left and right directories to show the
+	# change in the recorded SHA1 for the submodule.
+	for my $path (keys %submodule) {
+		my $ok;
+		if (defined($submodule{$path}{left})) {
+			$ok = write_to_file("$ldir/$path",
+				"Subproject commit $submodule{$path}{left}");
+		}
+		if (defined($submodule{$path}{right})) {
+			$ok = write_to_file("$rdir/$path",
+				"Subproject commit $submodule{$path}{right}");
+		}
+		exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1) if not $ok;
+	}
+
+	# Symbolic links require special treatment. The standard "git diff"
+	# shows only the link itself, not the contents of the link target.
+	# This loop replicates that behavior.
+	for my $path (keys %symlink) {
+		my $ok;
+		if (defined($symlink{$path}{left})) {
+			$ok = write_to_file("$ldir/$path",
+					$symlink{$path}{left});
+		}
+		if (defined($symlink{$path}{right})) {
+			$ok = write_to_file("$rdir/$path",
+					$symlink{$path}{right});
+		}
+		exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1) if not $ok;
+	}
+
+	return ($ldir, $rdir, $tmpdir, @working_tree);
+}
+
+sub write_to_file
+{
+	my $path = shift;
+	my $value = shift;
+
+	# Make sure the path to the file exists
+	my $dir = dirname($path);
+	unless (-d "$dir") {
+		mkpath("$dir") or return 0;
+	}
+
+	# If the file already exists in that location, delete it.  This
+	# is required in the case of symbolic links.
+	unlink($path);
+
+	open(my $fh, '>', $path) or return 0;
+	print($fh $value);
+	close($fh);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub main
+{
+	# parse command-line options. all unrecognized options and arguments
+	# are passed through to the 'git diff' command.
+	my %opts = (
+		difftool_cmd => undef,
+		dirdiff => undef,
+		extcmd => undef,
+		gui => undef,
+		help => undef,
+		prompt => undef,
+		symlinks => $^O ne 'cygwin' &&
+				$^O ne 'MSWin32' && $^O ne 'msys',
+		tool_help => undef,
+		trust_exit_code => undef,
+	);
+	GetOptions('g|gui!' => \$opts{gui},
+		'd|dir-diff' => \$opts{dirdiff},
+		'h' => \$opts{help},
+		'prompt!' => \$opts{prompt},
+		'y' => sub { $opts{prompt} = 0; },
+		'symlinks' => \$opts{symlinks},
+		'no-symlinks' => sub { $opts{symlinks} = 0; },
+		't|tool:s' => \$opts{difftool_cmd},
+		'tool-help' => \$opts{tool_help},
+		'trust-exit-code' => \$opts{trust_exit_code},
+		'no-trust-exit-code' => sub { $opts{trust_exit_code} = 0; },
+		'x|extcmd:s' => \$opts{extcmd});
+
+	if (defined($opts{help})) {
+		usage(0);
+	}
+	if (defined($opts{tool_help})) {
+		print_tool_help();
+	}
+	if (defined($opts{difftool_cmd})) {
+		if (length($opts{difftool_cmd}) > 0) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $opts{difftool_cmd};
+		} else {
+			print "No <tool> given for --tool=<tool>\n";
+			usage(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if (defined($opts{extcmd})) {
+		if (length($opts{extcmd}) > 0) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_EXTCMD} = $opts{extcmd};
+		} else {
+			print "No <cmd> given for --extcmd=<cmd>\n";
+			usage(1);
+		}
+	}
+	if ($opts{gui}) {
+		my $guitool = Git::config('diff.guitool');
+		if (defined($guitool) && length($guitool) > 0) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFF_TOOL} = $guitool;
 		}
-		push @command, $arg;
 	}
-	if ($prompt eq 'yes') {
-		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT} = 'true';
-	} elsif ($prompt eq 'no') {
-		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT} = 'true';
+
+	if (!defined $opts{trust_exit_code}) {
+		$opts{trust_exit_code} = Git::config_bool('difftool.trustExitCode');
+	}
+	if ($opts{trust_exit_code}) {
+		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_TRUST_EXIT_CODE} = 'true';
+	} else {
+		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_TRUST_EXIT_CODE} = 'false';
+	}
+
+	# In directory diff mode, 'git-difftool--helper' is called once
+	# to compare the a/b directories.  In file diff mode, 'git diff'
+	# will invoke a separate instance of 'git-difftool--helper' for
+	# each file that changed.
+	if (defined($opts{dirdiff})) {
+		dir_diff($opts{extcmd}, $opts{symlinks});
+	} else {
+		file_diff($opts{prompt});
 	}
-	return @command
 }
 
-setup_environment();
+sub dir_diff
+{
+	my ($extcmd, $symlinks) = @_;
+	my $rc;
+	my $error = 0;
+	my $repo = Git->repository();
+	my $workdir = find_worktree();
+	my ($a, $b, $tmpdir, @worktree) =
+		setup_dir_diff($repo, $workdir, $symlinks);
+
+	if (defined($extcmd)) {
+		$rc = system($extcmd, $a, $b);
+	} else {
+		$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_DIRDIFF} = 'true';
+		$rc = system('git', 'difftool--helper', $a, $b);
+	}
+	# If the diff including working copy files and those
+	# files were modified during the diff, then the changes
+	# should be copied back to the working tree.
+	# Do not copy back files when symlinks are used and the
+	# external tool did not replace the original link with a file.
+	#
+	# These hashes are loaded lazily since they aren't needed
+	# in the common case of --symlinks and the difftool updating
+	# files through the symlink.
+	my %wt_modified;
+	my %tmp_modified;
+	my $indices_loaded = 0;
+
+	for my $file (@worktree) {
+		next if $symlinks && -l "$b/$file";
+		next if ! -f "$b/$file";
+
+		if (!$indices_loaded) {
+			%wt_modified = changed_files($repo->repo_path(),
+				"$tmpdir/wtindex", "$workdir");
+			%tmp_modified = changed_files($repo->repo_path(),
+				"$tmpdir/wtindex", "$b");
+			$indices_loaded = 1;
+		}
+
+		if (exists $wt_modified{$file} and exists $tmp_modified{$file}) {
+			my $errmsg = "warning: Both files modified: ";
+			$errmsg .= "'$workdir/$file' and '$b/$file'.\n";
+			$errmsg .= "warning: Working tree file has been left.\n";
+			$errmsg .= "warning:\n";
+			warn $errmsg;
+			$error = 1;
+		} elsif (exists $tmp_modified{$file}) {
+			my $mode = stat("$b/$file")->mode;
+			copy("$b/$file", "$workdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+
+			chmod($mode, "$workdir/$file") or
+			exit_cleanup($tmpdir, 1);
+		}
+	}
+	if ($error) {
+		warn "warning: Temporary files exist in '$tmpdir'.\n";
+		warn "warning: You may want to cleanup or recover these.\n";
+		exit(1);
+	} else {
+		exit_cleanup($tmpdir, $rc);
+	}
+}
+
+sub file_diff
+{
+	my ($prompt) = @_;
+
+	if (defined($prompt)) {
+		if ($prompt) {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT} = 'true';
+		} else {
+			$ENV{GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT} = 'true';
+		}
+	}
+
+	$ENV{GIT_PAGER} = '';
+	$ENV{GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF} = 'git-difftool--helper';
+
+	# ActiveState Perl for Win32 does not implement POSIX semantics of
+	# exec* system call. It just spawns the given executable and finishes
+	# the starting program, exiting with code 0.
+	# system will at least catch the errors returned by git diff,
+	# allowing the caller of git difftool better handling of failures.
+	my $rc = system('git', 'diff', @ARGV);
+	exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
+}
 
-# ActiveState Perl for Win32 does not implement POSIX semantics of
-# exec* system call. It just spawns the given executable and finishes
-# the starting program, exiting with code 0.
-# system will at least catch the errors returned by git diff,
-# allowing the caller of git difftool better handling of failures.
-my $rc = system(generate_command());
-exit($rc | ($rc >> 8));
+main();
diff --git a/git-filter-branch.sh b/git-filter-branch.sh
index add2c0247f..e6e99f5bb5 100755
--- a/git-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/git-filter-branch.sh
@@ -64,37 +64,19 @@ EOF
 
 eval "$functions"
 
-# When piped a commit, output a script to set the ident of either
-# "author" or "committer
+finish_ident() {
+	# Ensure non-empty id name.
+	echo "case \"\$GIT_$1_NAME\" in \"\") GIT_$1_NAME=\"\${GIT_$1_EMAIL%%@*}\" && export GIT_$1_NAME;; esac"
+	# And make sure everything is exported.
+	echo "export GIT_$1_NAME"
+	echo "export GIT_$1_EMAIL"
+	echo "export GIT_$1_DATE"
+}
 
 set_ident () {
-	lid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]")"
-	uid="$(echo "$1" | tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]")"
-	pick_id_script='
-		/^'$lid' /{
-			s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
-			h
-			s/^'$lid' \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_NAME='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_NAME/p
-
-			g
-			s/^'$lid' [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_EMAIL='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_EMAIL/p
-
-			g
-			s/^'$lid' [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/\1/
-			s/'\''/'\''\'\'\''/g
-			s/.*/GIT_'$uid'_DATE='\''&'\''; export GIT_'$uid'_DATE/p
-
-			q
-		}
-	'
-
-	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_id_script"
-	# Ensure non-empty id name.
-	echo "case \"\$GIT_${uid}_NAME\" in \"\") GIT_${uid}_NAME=\"\${GIT_${uid}_EMAIL%%@*}\" && export GIT_${uid}_NAME;; esac"
+	parse_ident_from_commit author AUTHOR committer COMMITTER
+	finish_ident AUTHOR
+	finish_ident COMMITTER
 }
 
 USAGE="[--env-filter <command>] [--tree-filter <command>]
@@ -217,6 +199,7 @@ t)
 	test -d "$tempdir" &&
 		die "$tempdir already exists, please remove it"
 esac
+orig_dir=$(pwd)
 mkdir -p "$tempdir/t" &&
 tempdir="$(cd "$tempdir"; pwd)" &&
 cd "$tempdir/t" &&
@@ -224,7 +207,7 @@ workdir="$(pwd)" ||
 die ""
 
 # Remove tempdir on exit
-trap 'cd ../..; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
+trap 'cd "$orig_dir"; rm -rf "$tempdir"' 0
 
 ORIG_GIT_DIR="$GIT_DIR"
 ORIG_GIT_WORK_TREE="$GIT_WORK_TREE"
@@ -272,7 +255,7 @@ else
 	remap_to_ancestor=t
 fi
 
-rev_args=$(git rev-parse --revs-only "$@")
+git rev-parse --revs-only "$@" >../parse
 
 case "$filter_subdir" in
 "")
@@ -285,7 +268,7 @@ case "$filter_subdir" in
 esac
 
 git rev-list --reverse --topo-order --default HEAD \
-	--parents --simplify-merges $rev_args "$@" > ../revs ||
+	--parents --simplify-merges --stdin "$@" <../parse >../revs ||
 	die "Could not get the commits"
 commits=$(wc -l <../revs | tr -d " ")
 
@@ -300,11 +283,12 @@ while read commit parents; do
 
 	case "$filter_subdir" in
 	"")
-		git read-tree -i -m $commit
+		GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1=1 git read-tree -i -m $commit
 		;;
 	*)
 		# The commit may not have the subdirectory at all
-		err=$(git read-tree -i -m $commit:"$filter_subdir" 2>&1) || {
+		err=$(GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1=1 \
+		      git read-tree -i -m $commit:"$filter_subdir" 2>&1) || {
 			if ! git rev-parse -q --verify $commit:"$filter_subdir"
 			then
 				rm -f "$GIT_INDEX_FILE"
@@ -320,10 +304,8 @@ while read commit parents; do
 	git cat-file commit "$commit" >../commit ||
 		die "Cannot read commit $commit"
 
-	eval "$(set_ident AUTHOR <../commit)" ||
-		die "setting author failed for commit $commit"
-	eval "$(set_ident COMMITTER <../commit)" ||
-		die "setting committer failed for commit $commit"
+	eval "$(set_ident <../commit)" ||
+		die "setting author/committer failed for commit $commit"
 	eval "$filter_env" < /dev/null ||
 		die "env filter failed: $filter_env"
 
@@ -350,7 +332,13 @@ while read commit parents; do
 	parentstr=
 	for parent in $parents; do
 		for reparent in $(map "$parent"); do
-			parentstr="$parentstr -p $reparent"
+			case "$parentstr " in
+			*" -p $reparent "*)
+				;;
+			*)
+				parentstr="$parentstr -p $reparent"
+				;;
+			esac
 		done
 	done
 	if [ "$filter_parent" ]; then
@@ -489,7 +477,7 @@ if [ "$filter_tag_name" ]; then
 	done
 fi
 
-cd ../..
+cd "$orig_dir"
 rm -rf "$tempdir"
 
 trap - 0
diff --git a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
index 65709437ff..a9ea21826a 100755
--- a/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
+++ b/git-gui/GIT-VERSION-GEN
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
 GVF=GIT-VERSION-FILE
-DEF_VER=0.16.GITGUI
+DEF_VER=0.19.GITGUI
 
 LF='
 '
diff --git a/git-gui/Makefile b/git-gui/Makefile
index e22ba5c321..cde8b2ea31 100644
--- a/git-gui/Makefile
+++ b/git-gui/Makefile
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ all::
 #
 # Define NO_MSGFMT if you do not have msgfmt from the GNU gettext
 # package and want to use our rough pure Tcl po->msg translator.
-# TCL_PATH must be vaild for this to work.
+# TCL_PATH must be valid for this to work.
 #
 
 GIT-VERSION-FILE: FORCE
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ lib/tclIndex: $(ALL_LIBFILES) GIT-GUI-VARS
 	  auto_mkindex lib '*.tcl' \
 	| $(TCL_PATH) $(QUIET_2DEVNULL); then : ok; \
 	else \
-	 echo 1>&2 "    * $(TCL_PATH) failed; using unoptimized loading"; \
+	 echo >&2 "    * $(TCL_PATH) failed; using unoptimized loading"; \
 	 rm -f $@ ; \
 	 echo '# Autogenerated by git-gui Makefile' >$@ && \
 	 echo >>$@ && \
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ TRACK_VARS = \
 GIT-GUI-VARS: FORCE
 	@VARS='$(TRACK_VARS)'; \
 	if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
-		echo 1>&2 "    * new locations or Tcl/Tk interpreter"; \
-		echo 1>$@ "$$VARS"; \
+		echo >&2 "    * new locations or Tcl/Tk interpreter"; \
+		echo >$@ "$$VARS"; \
 	fi
 
 ifdef GITGUI_MACOSXAPP
diff --git a/git-gui/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
index ba4e5c1330..b186329d28 100755
--- a/git-gui/git-gui.sh
+++ b/git-gui/git-gui.sh
@@ -137,6 +137,20 @@ unset oguimsg
 
 ######################################################################
 ##
+## On Mac, bring the current Wish process window to front
+
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+	catch {
+		exec osascript -e [format {
+			tell application "System Events"
+				set frontmost of processes whose unix id is %d to true
+			end tell
+		} [pid]]
+	}
+}
+
+######################################################################
+##
 ## read only globals
 
 set _appname {Git Gui}
@@ -154,6 +168,7 @@ set _trace [lsearch -exact $argv --trace]
 if {$_trace >= 0} {
 	set argv [lreplace $argv $_trace $_trace]
 	set _trace 1
+	if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} { console show }
 } else {
 	set _trace 0
 }
@@ -879,6 +894,7 @@ set default_config(gui.textconv) true
 set default_config(gui.pruneduringfetch) false
 set default_config(gui.trustmtime) false
 set default_config(gui.fastcopyblame) false
+set default_config(gui.maxrecentrepo) 10
 set default_config(gui.copyblamethreshold) 40
 set default_config(gui.blamehistoryctx) 7
 set default_config(gui.diffcontext) 5
@@ -897,6 +913,7 @@ set font_descs {
 	{fontdiff font_diff {mc "Diff/Console Font"}}
 }
 set default_config(gui.stageuntracked) ask
+set default_config(gui.displayuntracked) true
 
 ######################################################################
 ##
@@ -1266,8 +1283,12 @@ load_config 0
 apply_config
 
 # v1.7.0 introduced --show-toplevel to return the canonical work-tree
-if {[package vsatisfies $_git_version 1.7.0]} {
-	set _gitworktree [git rev-parse --show-toplevel]
+if {[package vsatisfies $_git_version 1.7.0-]} {
+	if { [is_Cygwin] } {
+		catch {set _gitworktree [exec cygpath --windows [git rev-parse --show-toplevel]]}
+	} else {
+		set _gitworktree [git rev-parse --show-toplevel]
+	}
 } else {
 	# try to set work tree from environment, core.worktree or use
 	# cdup to obtain a relative path to the top of the worktree. If
@@ -1463,7 +1484,7 @@ proc rescan {after {honor_trustmtime 1}} {
 		(![$ui_comm edit modified]
 		|| [string trim [$ui_comm get 0.0 end]] eq {})} {
 		if {[string match amend* $commit_type]} {
-		} elseif {[load_message GITGUI_MSG]} {
+		} elseif {[load_message GITGUI_MSG utf-8]} {
 		} elseif {[run_prepare_commit_msg_hook]} {
 		} elseif {[load_message MERGE_MSG]} {
 		} elseif {[load_message SQUASH_MSG]} {
@@ -1518,7 +1539,7 @@ proc rescan_stage2 {fd after} {
 		close $fd
 	}
 
-	if {[package vsatisfies $::_git_version 1.6.3]} {
+	if {[package vsatisfies $::_git_version 1.6.3-]} {
 		set ls_others [list --exclude-standard]
 	} else {
 		set ls_others [list --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore]
@@ -1535,21 +1556,30 @@ proc rescan_stage2 {fd after} {
 	set buf_rdf {}
 	set buf_rlo {}
 
-	set rescan_active 3
+	set rescan_active 2
 	ui_status [mc "Scanning for modified files ..."]
-	set fd_di [git_read diff-index --cached -z [PARENT]]
+	if {[git-version >= "1.7.2"]} {
+		set fd_di [git_read diff-index --cached --ignore-submodules=dirty -z [PARENT]]
+	} else {
+		set fd_di [git_read diff-index --cached -z [PARENT]]
+	}
 	set fd_df [git_read diff-files -z]
-	set fd_lo [eval git_read ls-files --others -z $ls_others]
 
 	fconfigure $fd_di -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary
 	fconfigure $fd_df -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary
-	fconfigure $fd_lo -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary
+
 	fileevent $fd_di readable [list read_diff_index $fd_di $after]
 	fileevent $fd_df readable [list read_diff_files $fd_df $after]
-	fileevent $fd_lo readable [list read_ls_others $fd_lo $after]
+
+	if {[is_config_true gui.displayuntracked]} {
+		set fd_lo [eval git_read ls-files --others -z $ls_others]
+		fconfigure $fd_lo -blocking 0 -translation binary -encoding binary
+		fileevent $fd_lo readable [list read_ls_others $fd_lo $after]
+		incr rescan_active
+	}
 }
 
-proc load_message {file} {
+proc load_message {file {encoding {}}} {
 	global ui_comm
 
 	set f [gitdir $file]
@@ -1558,6 +1588,9 @@ proc load_message {file} {
 			return 0
 		}
 		fconfigure $fd -eofchar {}
+		if {$encoding ne {}} {
+			fconfigure $fd -encoding $encoding
+		}
 		set content [string trim [read $fd]]
 		close $fd
 		regsub -all -line {[ \r\t]+$} $content {} content
@@ -2266,6 +2299,7 @@ proc do_quit {{rc {1}}} {
 				&& $msg ne {}} {
 				catch {
 					set fd [open $save w]
+					fconfigure $fd -encoding utf-8
 					puts -nonewline $fd $msg
 					close $fd
 				}
@@ -2635,6 +2669,16 @@ if {![is_bare]} {
 	.mbar.repository add command \
 		-label [mc "Explore Working Copy"] \
 		-command {do_explore}
+}
+
+if {[is_Windows]} {
+	.mbar.repository add command \
+		-label [mc "Git Bash"] \
+		-command {eval exec [auto_execok start] \
+					  [list "Git Bash" bash --login -l &]}
+}
+
+if {[is_Windows] || ![is_bare]} {
 	.mbar.repository add separator
 }
 
@@ -2998,9 +3042,11 @@ blame {
 	set jump_spec {}
 	set is_path 0
 	foreach a $argv {
-		if {$is_path || [file exists $_prefix$a]} {
+		set p [file join $_prefix $a]
+
+		if {$is_path || [file exists $p]} {
 			if {$path ne {}} usage
-			set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$a]
+			set path [normalize_relpath $p]
 			break
 		} elseif {$a eq {--}} {
 			if {$path ne {}} {
@@ -3023,8 +3069,13 @@ blame {
 	unset is_path
 
 	if {$head ne {} && $path eq {}} {
-		set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$head]
-		set head {}
+		if {[string index $head 0] eq {/}} {
+			set path [normalize_relpath $head]
+			set head {}
+		} else {
+			set path [normalize_relpath $_prefix$head]
+			set head {}
+		}
 	}
 
 	if {$head eq {}} {
@@ -3177,13 +3228,29 @@ unset i
 
 # -- Diff and Commit Area
 #
-${NS}::frame .vpane.lower -height 300 -width 400
-${NS}::frame .vpane.lower.commarea
-${NS}::frame .vpane.lower.diff -relief sunken -borderwidth 1
-pack .vpane.lower.diff -fill both -expand 1
-pack .vpane.lower.commarea -side bottom -fill x
-.vpane add .vpane.lower
-if {!$use_ttk} {.vpane paneconfigure .vpane.lower -sticky nsew}
+if {$have_tk85} {
+	${NS}::panedwindow .vpane.lower -orient vertical
+	${NS}::frame .vpane.lower.commarea
+	${NS}::frame .vpane.lower.diff -relief sunken -borderwidth 1 -height 500
+	.vpane.lower add .vpane.lower.diff
+	.vpane.lower add .vpane.lower.commarea
+	.vpane add .vpane.lower
+	if {$use_ttk} {
+		.vpane.lower pane .vpane.lower.diff -weight 1
+		.vpane.lower pane .vpane.lower.commarea -weight 0
+	} else {
+		.vpane.lower paneconfigure .vpane.lower.diff -stretch always
+		.vpane.lower paneconfigure .vpane.lower.commarea -stretch never
+	}
+} else {
+	frame .vpane.lower -height 300 -width 400
+	frame .vpane.lower.commarea
+	frame .vpane.lower.diff -relief sunken -borderwidth 1
+	pack .vpane.lower.diff -fill both -expand 1
+	pack .vpane.lower.commarea -side bottom -fill x
+	.vpane add .vpane.lower
+	.vpane paneconfigure .vpane.lower -sticky nsew
+}
 
 # -- Commit Area Buttons
 #
@@ -3710,6 +3777,8 @@ bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-v> {break}
 bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-V> {break}
 bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-a> {%W tag add sel 0.0 end;break}
 bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-A> {%W tag add sel 0.0 end;break}
+bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-j> {do_revert_selection;break}
+bind $ui_diff <$M1B-Key-J> {do_revert_selection;break}
 bind $ui_diff <Key-Up>     {catch {%W yview scroll -1 units};break}
 bind $ui_diff <Key-Down>   {catch {%W yview scroll  1 units};break}
 bind $ui_diff <Key-Left>   {catch {%W xview scroll -1 units};break}
@@ -3742,6 +3811,8 @@ bind .   <$M1B-Key-s> do_signoff
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-S> do_signoff
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-t> do_add_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-T> do_add_selection
+bind .   <$M1B-Key-u> do_unstage_selection
+bind .   <$M1B-Key-U> do_unstage_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-j> do_revert_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-J> do_revert_selection
 bind .   <$M1B-Key-i> do_add_all
@@ -3835,7 +3906,7 @@ if {[is_enabled transport]} {
 }
 
 if {[winfo exists $ui_comm]} {
-	set GITGUI_BCK_exists [load_message GITGUI_BCK]
+	set GITGUI_BCK_exists [load_message GITGUI_BCK utf-8]
 
 	# -- If both our backup and message files exist use the
 	#    newer of the two files to initialize the buffer.
@@ -3872,6 +3943,7 @@ if {[winfo exists $ui_comm]} {
 			} elseif {$m} {
 				catch {
 					set fd [open [gitdir GITGUI_BCK] w]
+					fconfigure $fd -encoding utf-8
 					puts -nonewline $fd $msg
 					close $fd
 					set GITGUI_BCK_exists 1
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/blame.tcl b/git-gui/lib/blame.tcl
index 324f7744c4..b1d15f4621 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/blame.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/blame.tcl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ class blame {
 
 image create photo ::blame::img_back_arrow -data {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}
 
-# Persistant data (survives loads)
+# Persistent data (survives loads)
 #
 field history {}; # viewer history: {commit path}
 field header    ; # array commit,key -> header field
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl b/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
index 657f7d5dc1..3c10bc656d 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/choose_repository.tcl
@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ field sorted_recent       ; # recent repositories (sorted)
 constructor pick {} {
 	global M1T M1B use_ttk NS
 
+	if {[set maxrecent [get_config gui.maxrecentrepo]] eq {}} {
+		set maxrecent 10
+	}
+
 	make_dialog top w
 	wm title $top [mc "Git Gui"]
 
@@ -148,7 +152,7 @@ constructor pick {} {
 			-background [get_bg_color $w_body.recentlabel] \
 			-wrap none \
 			-width 50 \
-			-height 10
+			-height $maxrecent
 		$w_recentlist tag conf link \
 			-foreground blue \
 			-underline 1
@@ -264,7 +268,11 @@ proc _append_recentrepos {path} {
 	git config --global --add gui.recentrepo $path
 	load_config 1
 
-	while {[llength $recent] > 10} {
+	if {[set maxrecent [get_config gui.maxrecentrepo]] eq {}} {
+		set maxrecent 10
+	}
+
+	while {[llength $recent] > $maxrecent} {
 		_unset_recentrepo [lindex $recent 0]
 		set recent [lrange $recent 1 end]
 	}
@@ -286,7 +294,9 @@ method _next {action} {
 	destroy $w_body
 	if {![winfo exists $w_next]} {
 		${NS}::button $w_next -default active
-		pack $w_next -side right -padx 5 -before $w_quit
+		set pos -before
+		if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} { set pos -after }
+		pack $w_next -side right -padx 5 $pos $w_quit
 	}
 	_do_$action $this
 }
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl b/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
index 0d81432af5..864b687057 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/commit.tcl
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ proc commit_commitmsg {curHEAD msg_p} {
 	    && 	[is_config_true gui.warndetachedcommit]} {
 		set msg [mc "You are about to commit on a detached head.\
 This is a potentially dangerous thing to do because if you switch\
-to another branch you will loose your changes and it can be difficult\
+to another branch you will lose your changes and it can be difficult\
 to retrieve them later from the reflog. You should probably cancel this\
 commit and create a new branch to continue.\n\
 \n\
@@ -409,6 +409,7 @@ A rescan will be automatically started now.
 	catch {file delete [gitdir MERGE_MSG]}
 	catch {file delete [gitdir SQUASH_MSG]}
 	catch {file delete [gitdir GITGUI_MSG]}
+	catch {file delete [gitdir CHERRY_PICK_HEAD]}
 
 	# -- Let rerere do its thing.
 	#
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
index ec4405567a..b0a5180af7 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/diff.tcl
@@ -287,6 +287,9 @@ proc start_show_diff {cont_info {add_opts {}}} {
 	if {$w eq $ui_index} {
 		lappend cmd diff-index
 		lappend cmd --cached
+		if {[git-version >= "1.7.2"]} {
+			lappend cmd --ignore-submodules=dirty
+		}
 	} elseif {$w eq $ui_workdir} {
 		if {[string first {U} $m] >= 0} {
 			lappend cmd diff
@@ -764,8 +767,15 @@ proc apply_range_or_line {x y} {
 				# context line
 				set ln [$ui_diff get $i_l $next_l]
 				set patch "$patch$pre_context$ln"
-				set n [expr $n+1]
-				set m [expr $m+1]
+				# Skip the "\ No newline at end of
+				# file". Depending on the locale setting
+				# we don't know what this line looks
+				# like exactly. The only thing we do
+				# know is that it starts with "\ "
+				if {![string match {\\ *} $ln]} {
+					set n [expr $n+1]
+					set m [expr $m+1]
+				}
 				set pre_context {}
 			} elseif {$c1 eq $to_context} {
 				# turn change line into context line
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/index.tcl b/git-gui/lib/index.tcl
index 8efbbdde21..74a81a7b42 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/index.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/index.tcl
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ proc revert_helper {txt paths} {
 	# such distinction is needed in some languages. Previously, the
 	# code used "Revert changes in" for both, but that can't work
 	# in languages where 'in' must be combined with word from
-	# rest of string (in diffrent way for both cases of course).
+	# rest of string (in different way for both cases of course).
 	#
 	# FIXME: Unfortunately, even that isn't enough in some languages
 	# as they have quite complex plural-form rules. Unfortunately,
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl b/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
index 3c8e73bceb..120bc4064b 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/mergetool.tcl
@@ -189,9 +189,9 @@ proc merge_resolve_tool2 {} {
 	}
 	bc3 {
 		if {$base_stage ne {}} {
-			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" -mergeoutput="$MERGED"]
+			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "-mergeoutput=$MERGED"]
 		} else {
-			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" -mergeoutput="$MERGED"]
+			set cmdline [list "$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "-mergeoutput=$MERGED"]
 		}
 	}
 	ecmerge {
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/option.tcl b/git-gui/lib/option.tcl
index 0cf1da1d7e..23c9ae72a4 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/option.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/option.tcl
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ proc do_options {} {
 		{b gui.matchtrackingbranch {mc "Match Tracking Branches"}}
 		{b gui.textconv {mc "Use Textconv For Diffs and Blames"}}
 		{b gui.fastcopyblame {mc "Blame Copy Only On Changed Files"}}
+		{i-0..100 gui.maxrecentrepo {mc "Maximum Length of Recent Repositories List"}}
 		{i-20..200 gui.copyblamethreshold {mc "Minimum Letters To Blame Copy On"}}
 		{i-0..300 gui.blamehistoryctx {mc "Blame History Context Radius (days)"}}
 		{i-1..99 gui.diffcontext {mc "Number of Diff Context Lines"}}
@@ -159,6 +160,7 @@ proc do_options {} {
 		{c gui.encoding {mc "Default File Contents Encoding"}}
 		{b gui.warndetachedcommit {mc "Warn before committing to a detached head"}}
 		{s gui.stageuntracked {mc "Staging of untracked files"} {list "yes" "no" "ask"}}
+		{b gui.displayuntracked {mc "Show untracked files"}}
 		} {
 		set type [lindex $option 0]
 		set name [lindex $option 1]
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl b/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
index 5e4e7f4c83..4e5c784418 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/remote.tcl
@@ -245,7 +245,8 @@ proc update_all_remotes_menu_entry {} {
 	set prune_m $remote_m.prune
 	if {$have_remote > 1} {
 		make_sure_remote_submenues_exist $remote_m
-		if {[$fetch_m entrycget end -label] ne "All"} {
+		if {[$fetch_m type end] eq "command" \
+			&& [$fetch_m entrycget end -label] ne "All"} {
 
 			$fetch_m insert end separator
 			$fetch_m insert end command \
@@ -259,7 +260,8 @@ proc update_all_remotes_menu_entry {} {
 		}
 	} else {
 		if {[winfo exists $fetch_m]} {
-			if {[$fetch_m entrycget end -label] eq "All"} {
+			if {[$fetch_m type end] eq "command" \
+				&& [$fetch_m entrycget end -label] eq "All"} {
 
 				delete_from_menu $fetch_m end
 				delete_from_menu $fetch_m end
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/spellcheck.tcl b/git-gui/lib/spellcheck.tcl
index e6120303e9..538d61c792 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/spellcheck.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/spellcheck.tcl
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ field w_menu      ; # context menu for the widget
 field s_menuidx 0 ; # last index of insertion into $w_menu
 
 field s_i           {} ; # timer registration for _run callbacks
-field s_clear        0 ; # did we erase mispelled tags yet?
+field s_clear        0 ; # did we erase misspelled tags yet?
 field s_seen    [list] ; # lines last seen from $w_text in _run
 field s_checked [list] ; # lines already checked
 field s_pending [list] ; # [$line $data] sent to ispell/aspell
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ method _run {} {
 		if {$n == $cur_line
 		 && ![regexp {^\W$} [$w_text get $cur_pos insert]]} {
 
-			# If the current word is mispelled remove the tag
+			# If the current word is misspelled remove the tag
 			# but force a spellcheck later.
 			#
 			set tags [$w_text tag names $cur_pos]
diff --git a/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl b/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
index 95cb44991f..02111a1742 100644
--- a/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/lib/status_bar.tcl
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ method start {msg uds} {
 
 method update {have total} {
 	set pdone 0
+	set cdone 0
 	if {$total > 0} {
 		set pdone [expr {100 * $have / $total}]
 		set cdone [expr {[winfo width $w_c] * $have / $total}]
diff --git a/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl b/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
index ddbe6334a2..738bdd03ed 100644
--- a/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
+++ b/git-gui/macosx/AppMain.tcl
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ if {[file tail [lindex $argv 0]] eq {gitk}} {
 } else {
 	set argv0 [file join $gitexecdir [file tail [lindex $argv 0]]]
 	set AppMain_source [file join $gitguilib git-gui.tcl]
-	if {[pwd] eq {/}} {
+	if {[info exists env(PWD)]} {
+		cd $env(PWD)
+	} elseif {[pwd] eq {/}} {
 		cd $env(HOME)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/git-gui/macosx/Info.plist b/git-gui/macosx/Info.plist
index b3bf15fa1c..1ade121c4c 100644
--- a/git-gui/macosx/Info.plist
+++ b/git-gui/macosx/Info.plist
@@ -24,5 +24,7 @@
 	<string>GITg</string>
 	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
 	<string>@@GITGUI_VERSION@@</string>
+	<key>NSHighResolutionCapable</key>
+	<true/>
 </dict>
 </plist>
diff --git a/git-gui/po/bg.po b/git-gui/po/bg.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..89b3a4e53d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-gui/po/bg.po
@@ -0,0 +1,2694 @@
+# Bulgarian translation of git-gui po-file.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014 Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git package.
+# Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>, 2012, 2013, 2014.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git-gui master\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-01-13 20:45+0200\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-01-13 21:31+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Bulgarian <dict@fsa-bg.org>\n"
+"Language: bg\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:859
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid font specified in %s:"
+msgstr "Указан е неправилен шрифт в %s:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:912
+msgid "Main Font"
+msgstr "Основен шрифт"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:913
+msgid "Diff/Console Font"
+msgstr "Шрифт за разликите/конзолата"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:928 git-gui.sh:942 git-gui.sh:955 git-gui.sh:1045
+#: git-gui.sh:1064 git-gui.sh:3115
+msgid "git-gui: fatal error"
+msgstr "git-gui: фатална грешка"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:929
+msgid "Cannot find git in PATH."
+msgstr "Командата git липсва в пътя (PATH)."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:956
+msgid "Cannot parse Git version string:"
+msgstr "Низът с версията на Git не може да бъде интерпретиран:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:981
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Git version cannot be determined.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s claims it is version '%s'.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s requires at least Git 1.5.0 or later.\n"
+"\n"
+"Assume '%s' is version 1.5.0?\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Версията на Git не може да бъде определена.\n"
+"\n"
+"Версията на %s изглежда, че е „%s“.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s изисква Git, версия поне 1.5.0.\n"
+"\n"
+"Да се приеме ли, че „%s“ е версия 1.5.0?\n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1278
+msgid "Git directory not found:"
+msgstr "Директорията на Git не е открита:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1312
+msgid "Cannot move to top of working directory:"
+msgstr "Не може да се премине към родителската  директория."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1320
+msgid "Cannot use bare repository:"
+msgstr "Голо хранилище не може да се използва:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1328
+msgid "No working directory"
+msgstr "Работната директория липсва"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1500 lib/checkout_op.tcl:306
+msgid "Refreshing file status..."
+msgstr "Обновяване на състоянието на файла…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1560
+msgid "Scanning for modified files ..."
+msgstr "Проверка за променени файлове…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1632
+msgid "Calling prepare-commit-msg hook..."
+msgstr "Куката prepare-commit-msg се изпълнява в момента…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1649
+msgid "Commit declined by prepare-commit-msg hook."
+msgstr "Подаването е отхвърлено от куката prepare-commit-msg."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1807 lib/browser.tcl:252
+msgid "Ready."
+msgstr "Готово."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:1965
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Displaying only %s of %s files."
+msgstr "Показване на само %s от %s файла."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2091
+msgid "Unmodified"
+msgstr "Непроменен"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2093
+msgid "Modified, not staged"
+msgstr "Променен, но не е в индекса"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2094 git-gui.sh:2106
+msgid "Staged for commit"
+msgstr "В индекса за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2095 git-gui.sh:2107
+msgid "Portions staged for commit"
+msgstr "Части са в индекса за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2096 git-gui.sh:2108
+msgid "Staged for commit, missing"
+msgstr "В индекса за подаване, но липсва"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2098
+msgid "File type changed, not staged"
+msgstr "Видът на файла е сменен, но не е в индекса"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2099 git-gui.sh:2100
+msgid "File type changed, old type staged for commit"
+msgstr "Видът на файла е сменен, в индекса е старият"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2101
+msgid "File type changed, staged"
+msgstr "Видът на файла е сменен и е в индекса"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2102
+msgid "File type change staged, modification not staged"
+msgstr "Видът на файла е сменен, промяната не е в индекса"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2103
+msgid "File type change staged, file missing"
+msgstr "Видът на файла е сменен, файлът липсва"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2105
+msgid "Untracked, not staged"
+msgstr "Неследен"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2110
+msgid "Missing"
+msgstr "Липсващ"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2111
+msgid "Staged for removal"
+msgstr "В индекса за изтриване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2112
+msgid "Staged for removal, still present"
+msgstr "В индекса за изтриване, но още го има"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2114 git-gui.sh:2115 git-gui.sh:2116 git-gui.sh:2117
+#: git-gui.sh:2118 git-gui.sh:2119
+msgid "Requires merge resolution"
+msgstr "Изисква коригиране при сливане"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2154
+msgid "Starting gitk... please wait..."
+msgstr "Стартиране на gitk…, изчакайте…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2166
+msgid "Couldn't find gitk in PATH"
+msgstr "В пътищата, определени от променливата PATH, липсва изпълним gitk"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2225
+msgid "Couldn't find git gui in PATH"
+msgstr "В пътищата, определени от променливата PATH, липсва изпълним git gui"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2644 lib/choose_repository.tcl:40
+msgid "Repository"
+msgstr "Хранилище"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2645
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Редактиране"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2647 lib/choose_rev.tcl:567
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Клон"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2650 lib/choose_rev.tcl:554
+msgid "Commit@@noun"
+msgstr "Подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2653 lib/merge.tcl:123 lib/merge.tcl:152 lib/merge.tcl:170
+msgid "Merge"
+msgstr "Сливане"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2654 lib/choose_rev.tcl:563
+msgid "Remote"
+msgstr "Отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2657
+msgid "Tools"
+msgstr "Команди"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2666
+msgid "Explore Working Copy"
+msgstr "Разглеждане на работното копие"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2672
+msgid "Git Bash"
+msgstr "Bash на Git"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2682
+msgid "Browse Current Branch's Files"
+msgstr "Разглеждане на файловете в текущия клон"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2686
+msgid "Browse Branch Files..."
+msgstr "Разглеждане на текущия клон"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2691
+msgid "Visualize Current Branch's History"
+msgstr "Визуализация на историята на текущия клон"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2695
+msgid "Visualize All Branch History"
+msgstr "Визуализация на историята на всички клонове"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2702
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Browse %s's Files"
+msgstr "Разглеждане на файловете в %s"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2704
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Visualize %s's History"
+msgstr "Визуализация на историята на %s"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2709 lib/database.tcl:40 lib/database.tcl:66
+msgid "Database Statistics"
+msgstr "Статистика на базата от данни"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2712 lib/database.tcl:33
+msgid "Compress Database"
+msgstr "Компресиране на базата от данни"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2715
+msgid "Verify Database"
+msgstr "Проверка на базата от данни"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2722 git-gui.sh:2726 git-gui.sh:2730 lib/shortcut.tcl:8
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:40 lib/shortcut.tcl:72
+msgid "Create Desktop Icon"
+msgstr "Добавяне на икона на работния плот"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2738 lib/choose_repository.tcl:192 lib/choose_repository.tcl:200
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Спиране на програмата"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2746
+msgid "Undo"
+msgstr "Отмяна"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2749
+msgid "Redo"
+msgstr "Повторение"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2753 git-gui.sh:3348
+msgid "Cut"
+msgstr "Отрязване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2756 git-gui.sh:3351 git-gui.sh:3425 git-gui.sh:3510
+#: lib/console.tcl:69
+msgid "Copy"
+msgstr "Копиране"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2759 git-gui.sh:3354
+msgid "Paste"
+msgstr "Поставяне"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2762 git-gui.sh:3357 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:39
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:28
+msgid "Delete"
+msgstr "Изтриване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2766 git-gui.sh:3361 git-gui.sh:3514 lib/console.tcl:71
+msgid "Select All"
+msgstr "Избиране на всичко"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2775
+msgid "Create..."
+msgstr "Създаване…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2781
+msgid "Checkout..."
+msgstr "Изтегляне…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2787
+msgid "Rename..."
+msgstr "Преименуване…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2792
+msgid "Delete..."
+msgstr "Изтриване…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2797
+msgid "Reset..."
+msgstr "Отмяна на промените…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2807
+msgid "Done"
+msgstr "Готово"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2809
+msgid "Commit@@verb"
+msgstr "Подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2818 git-gui.sh:3289
+msgid "New Commit"
+msgstr "Подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2826 git-gui.sh:3296
+msgid "Amend Last Commit"
+msgstr "Поправяне на последното подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2836 git-gui.sh:3250 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:101
+msgid "Rescan"
+msgstr "Обновяване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2842
+msgid "Stage To Commit"
+msgstr "Към индекса за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2848
+msgid "Stage Changed Files To Commit"
+msgstr "Всички променени файлове към индекса за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2854
+msgid "Unstage From Commit"
+msgstr "Изваждане от индекса за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2860 lib/index.tcl:442
+msgid "Revert Changes"
+msgstr "Връщане на оригинала"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2868 git-gui.sh:3561 git-gui.sh:3592
+msgid "Show Less Context"
+msgstr "По-малко контекст"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2872 git-gui.sh:3565 git-gui.sh:3596
+msgid "Show More Context"
+msgstr "Повече контекст"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2879 git-gui.sh:3263 git-gui.sh:3372
+msgid "Sign Off"
+msgstr "Подписване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2895
+msgid "Local Merge..."
+msgstr "Локално сливане…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2900
+msgid "Abort Merge..."
+msgstr "Преустановяване на сливане…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2912 git-gui.sh:2940
+msgid "Add..."
+msgstr "Добавяне…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2916
+msgid "Push..."
+msgstr "Избутване…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2920
+msgid "Delete Branch..."
+msgstr "Изтриване на клон…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2930 git-gui.sh:3543
+msgid "Options..."
+msgstr "Опции…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2941
+msgid "Remove..."
+msgstr "Премахване…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2950 lib/choose_repository.tcl:54
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Помощ"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2954 git-gui.sh:2958 lib/choose_repository.tcl:48
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:57 lib/about.tcl:14
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "About %s"
+msgstr "Относно %s"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2982
+msgid "Online Documentation"
+msgstr "Документация в Интернет"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:2985 lib/choose_repository.tcl:51 lib/choose_repository.tcl:60
+msgid "Show SSH Key"
+msgstr "Показване на ключа за SSH"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3004 git-gui.sh:3136
+msgid "Usage"
+msgstr "Употреба"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3085 lib/blame.tcl:573
+msgid "Error"
+msgstr "Грешка"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3116
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "fatal: cannot stat path %s: No such file or directory"
+msgstr ""
+"фатално: пътят %s не може да бъде открит: такъв файл или директория няма"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3149
+msgid "Current Branch:"
+msgstr "Текущ клон:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3175
+msgid "Staged Changes (Will Commit)"
+msgstr "Промени в индекса (за подаване)"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3195
+msgid "Unstaged Changes"
+msgstr "Промени извън индекса"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3256
+msgid "Stage Changed"
+msgstr "Индексът е променен"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3275 lib/transport.tcl:137 lib/transport.tcl:229
+msgid "Push"
+msgstr "Изтласкване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3310
+msgid "Initial Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Първоначално съобщение при подаване:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3311
+msgid "Amended Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Поправено съобщение при подаване:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3312
+msgid "Amended Initial Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Поправено първоначално съобщение при подаване:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3313
+msgid "Amended Merge Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Поправено съобщение при подаване със сливане:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3314
+msgid "Merge Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Съобщение при подаване със сливане:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3315
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Съобщение при подаване:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3364 git-gui.sh:3518 lib/console.tcl:73
+msgid "Copy All"
+msgstr "Копиране на всичко"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3388 lib/blame.tcl:105
+msgid "File:"
+msgstr "Файл:"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3506
+msgid "Refresh"
+msgstr "Обновяване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3527
+msgid "Decrease Font Size"
+msgstr "По-едър шрифт"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3531
+msgid "Increase Font Size"
+msgstr "По-дребен шрифт"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3539 lib/blame.tcl:294
+msgid "Encoding"
+msgstr "Кодиране"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3550
+msgid "Apply/Reverse Hunk"
+msgstr "Прилагане/връщане на парче"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3555
+msgid "Apply/Reverse Line"
+msgstr "Прилагане/връщане на ред"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3574
+msgid "Run Merge Tool"
+msgstr "Изпълнение на програмата за сливане"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3579
+msgid "Use Remote Version"
+msgstr "Версия от отдалеченото хранилище"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3583
+msgid "Use Local Version"
+msgstr "Локална версия"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3587
+msgid "Revert To Base"
+msgstr "Връщане към родителската версия"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3605
+msgid "Visualize These Changes In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Визуализиране на промените в подмодула"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3609
+msgid "Visualize Current Branch History In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Визуализация на историята на текущия клон в историята за подмодула"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3613
+msgid "Visualize All Branch History In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Визуализация на историята на всички клони в историята за подмодула"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3618
+msgid "Start git gui In The Submodule"
+msgstr "Стартиране на „git gui“ за подмодула"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3653
+msgid "Unstage Hunk From Commit"
+msgstr "Изваждане на парчето от подаването"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3655
+msgid "Unstage Lines From Commit"
+msgstr "Изваждане на редовете от подаването"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3657
+msgid "Unstage Line From Commit"
+msgstr "Изваждане на реда от подаването"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3660
+msgid "Stage Hunk For Commit"
+msgstr "Добавяне на парчето за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3662
+msgid "Stage Lines For Commit"
+msgstr "Добавяне на редовете за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3664
+msgid "Stage Line For Commit"
+msgstr "Добавяне на реда за подаване"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3689
+msgid "Initializing..."
+msgstr "Инициализиране…"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3832
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Possible environment issues exist.\n"
+"\n"
+"The following environment variables are probably\n"
+"going to be ignored by any Git subprocess run\n"
+"by %s:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Възможно е да има проблем със средата.\n"
+"\n"
+"Най-вероятно следните променливи няма да бъдат\n"
+"взети под внимание от подпроцесите Git изпълнени\n"
+"от %s:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3861
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"This is due to a known issue with the\n"
+"Tcl binary distributed by Cygwin."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Това е познат проблем и се дължи на\n"
+"версията на Tcl включена в Cygwin."
+
+#: git-gui.sh:3866
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"\n"
+"A good replacement for %s\n"
+"is placing values for the user.name and\n"
+"user.email settings into your personal\n"
+"~/.gitconfig file.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"\n"
+"Добър заместител на %s\n"
+"е да поставите настройките user.name и\n"
+"user.email в личния си файл ~/.gitconfig.\n"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:57
+msgid "Unsupported spell checker"
+msgstr "Тази програма за проверка на правописа не се поддържа"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:65
+msgid "Spell checking is unavailable"
+msgstr "Липсва програма за проверка на правописа"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:68
+msgid "Invalid spell checking configuration"
+msgstr "Неправилни настройки на проверката на правописа"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:70
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reverting dictionary to %s."
+msgstr "Ползване на речник за език „%s“."
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:73
+msgid "Spell checker silently failed on startup"
+msgstr "Програмата за правопис даже не стартира успешно."
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:80
+msgid "Unrecognized spell checker"
+msgstr "Непозната програма за проверка на правописа"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:186
+msgid "No Suggestions"
+msgstr "Няма предложения"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:388
+msgid "Unexpected EOF from spell checker"
+msgstr "Неочакван край на файл от програмата за проверка на правописа"
+
+#: lib/spellcheck.tcl:392
+msgid "Spell Checker Failed"
+msgstr "Грешка в програмата за проверка на правописа"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:20
+msgid "Add Remote"
+msgstr "Добавяне на отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:25
+msgid "Add New Remote"
+msgstr "Добавяне на отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:30 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:37
+msgid "Add"
+msgstr "Добавяне"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:34 lib/browser.tcl:292 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:30
+#: lib/transport.tcl:141 lib/branch_rename.tcl:32 lib/choose_font.tcl:45
+#: lib/option.tcl:127 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:41 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:202
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:345 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:43
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:579 lib/branch_create.tcl:37 lib/branch_delete.tcl:34
+#: lib/merge.tcl:174
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Отказване"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:39
+msgid "Remote Details"
+msgstr "Данни за отдалеченото хранилище"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:41 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:51 lib/branch_create.tcl:44
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Име:"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:50
+msgid "Location:"
+msgstr "Местоположение:"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:60
+msgid "Further Action"
+msgstr "Следващо действие"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:63
+msgid "Fetch Immediately"
+msgstr "Незабавно доставяне"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:69
+msgid "Initialize Remote Repository and Push"
+msgstr "Инициализиране на отдалеченото хранилище и изтласкване на промените"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:75
+msgid "Do Nothing Else Now"
+msgstr "Да не се прави нищо"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:100
+msgid "Please supply a remote name."
+msgstr "Задайте име за отдалеченото хранилище."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:113
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable remote name."
+msgstr "Отдалечено хранилище не може да се казва „%s“."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:124
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to add remote '%s' of location '%s'."
+msgstr "Неуспешно добавяне на отдалеченото хранилище „%s“ от адрес „%s“."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:132 lib/transport.tcl:6
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "fetch %s"
+msgstr "доставяне на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:133
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Fetching the %s"
+msgstr "Доставяне на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:156
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Do not know how to initialize repository at location '%s'."
+msgstr "Хранилището с местоположение „%s“ не може да бъде инициализирано."
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:162 lib/transport.tcl:54 lib/transport.tcl:92
+#: lib/transport.tcl:110
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "push %s"
+msgstr "изтласкване на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/remote_add.tcl:163
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Setting up the %s (at %s)"
+msgstr "Добавяне на хранилище „%s“ (с адрес „%s“)"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:17
+msgid "Starting..."
+msgstr "Стартиране…"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:27
+msgid "File Browser"
+msgstr "Файлов браузър"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:132 lib/browser.tcl:149
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Loading %s..."
+msgstr "Зареждане на „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:193
+msgid "[Up To Parent]"
+msgstr "[Към родителя]"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:275 lib/browser.tcl:282
+msgid "Browse Branch Files"
+msgstr "Разглеждане на файловете в клона"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:288 lib/choose_repository.tcl:406
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:493 lib/choose_repository.tcl:502
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1029
+msgid "Browse"
+msgstr "Разглеждане"
+
+#: lib/browser.tcl:297 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:35 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:321
+msgid "Revision"
+msgstr "Версия"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:75
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Running %s requires a selected file."
+msgstr "За изпълнението на „%s“ трябва да изберете файл."
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:91
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Are you sure you want to run %1$s on file \"%2$s\"?"
+msgstr "Сигурни ли сте, че искате да стартирате „%1$s“ върху „%2$s“?"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:95
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Are you sure you want to run %s?"
+msgstr "Сигурни ли сте, че искате да стартирате „%s“?"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:116
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool: %s"
+msgstr "Команда: %s"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:117
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Running: %s"
+msgstr "Изпълнение: %s"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:155
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool completed successfully: %s"
+msgstr "Командата завърши успешно: %s"
+
+#: lib/tools.tcl:157
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool failed: %s"
+msgstr "Командата върна грешка: %s"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:16 lib/branch_checkout.tcl:21
+msgid "Checkout Branch"
+msgstr "Клон за изтегляне"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:26
+msgid "Checkout"
+msgstr "Изтегляне"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:39 lib/option.tcl:309 lib/branch_create.tcl:69
+msgid "Options"
+msgstr "Опции"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:42 lib/branch_create.tcl:92
+msgid "Fetch Tracking Branch"
+msgstr "Изтегляне на промените от следения клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_checkout.tcl:47
+msgid "Detach From Local Branch"
+msgstr "Изтриване от локалния клон"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:7
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Fetching new changes from %s"
+msgstr "Доставяне на промените от %s"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:18
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "remote prune %s"
+msgstr "окастряне на следящите клони към „%s“"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:19
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Pruning tracking branches deleted from %s"
+msgstr "Окастряне на следящите клони на изтритите клони от „%s“"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:25
+msgid "fetch all remotes"
+msgstr "доставяне на всички хранилища"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:26
+msgid "Fetching new changes from all remotes"
+msgstr "Доставяне на промените от всички отдалечени хранилища"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:40
+msgid "remote prune all remotes"
+msgstr "окастряне на всички клони следящи изтрити клони"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:41
+msgid "Pruning tracking branches deleted from all remotes"
+msgstr ""
+"Окастряне на следящите клони на изтритите клони от всички отдалечени "
+"хранилища"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:55
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Pushing changes to %s"
+msgstr "Изтласкване на промените към %s"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:93
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Mirroring to %s"
+msgstr "Изтласкване на всичко към „%s“"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:111
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Pushing %s %s to %s"
+msgstr "Изтласкване на %s %s към %s"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:132
+msgid "Push Branches"
+msgstr "Клони за изтласкване"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:147
+msgid "Source Branches"
+msgstr "Клони-източници"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:162
+msgid "Destination Repository"
+msgstr "Целево хранилище"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:165 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:51
+msgid "Remote:"
+msgstr "Отдалечено хранилище:"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:187 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:72
+msgid "Arbitrary Location:"
+msgstr "Произволно местоположение:"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:205
+msgid "Transfer Options"
+msgstr "Настройки при пренасянето"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:207
+msgid "Force overwrite existing branch (may discard changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Изрично презаписване на съществуващ клон (някои промени може да бъдат "
+"загубени)"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:211
+msgid "Use thin pack (for slow network connections)"
+msgstr "Максимална компресия (за бавни мрежови връзки)"
+
+#: lib/transport.tcl:215
+msgid "Include tags"
+msgstr "Включване на етикетите"
+
+#: lib/status_bar.tcl:87
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "%s ... %*i of %*i %s (%3i%%)"
+msgstr "%s… %*i от общо %*i %s (%3i%%)"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:200
+msgid "Push to"
+msgstr "Изтласкване към"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:218
+msgid "Remove Remote"
+msgstr "Премахване на отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:223
+msgid "Prune from"
+msgstr "Окастряне от"
+
+#: lib/remote.tcl:228
+msgid "Fetch from"
+msgstr "Доставяне от"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:31
+msgid "No keys found."
+msgstr "Не са открити ключове."
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:34
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Found a public key in: %s"
+msgstr "Открит е публичен ключ в „%s“"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:40
+msgid "Generate Key"
+msgstr "Генериране на ключ"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:55 lib/checkout_op.tcl:146 lib/console.tcl:81
+#: lib/database.tcl:30
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Затваряне"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:58
+msgid "Copy To Clipboard"
+msgstr "Копиране към системния буфер"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:72
+msgid "Your OpenSSH Public Key"
+msgstr "Публичният ви ключ за OpenSSH"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:80
+msgid "Generating..."
+msgstr "Генериране…"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:86
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not start ssh-keygen:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Програмата „ssh-keygen“ не може да бъде стартирана:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:113
+msgid "Generation failed."
+msgstr "Неуспешно генериране."
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:120
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
+msgstr "Генерирането завърши успешно, а не са намерени ключове."
+
+#: lib/sshkey.tcl:123
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Your key is in: %s"
+msgstr "Ключът ви е в „%s“"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:15 lib/branch_rename.tcl:23
+msgid "Rename Branch"
+msgstr "Преименуване на клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:28
+msgid "Rename"
+msgstr "Преименуване"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:38
+msgid "Branch:"
+msgstr "Клон:"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:46
+msgid "New Name:"
+msgstr "Ново име:"
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:81
+msgid "Please select a branch to rename."
+msgstr "Изберете клон за преименуване."
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:92 lib/branch_create.tcl:154
+msgid "Please supply a branch name."
+msgstr "Дайте име на клона."
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:102 lib/checkout_op.tcl:202
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ вече съществува."
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:112 lib/branch_create.tcl:165
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable branch name."
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се използва за име на клон."
+
+#: lib/branch_rename.tcl:123
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to rename '%s'."
+msgstr "Неуспешно преименуване на „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:41
+msgid "Select"
+msgstr "Избор"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:55
+msgid "Font Family"
+msgstr "Шрифт"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:76
+msgid "Font Size"
+msgstr "Размер"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:93
+msgid "Font Example"
+msgstr "Мостра"
+
+#: lib/choose_font.tcl:105
+msgid ""
+"This is example text.\n"
+"If you like this text, it can be your font."
+msgstr ""
+"Това е примерен текст.\n"
+"Ако ви харесва как изглежда, изберете този шрифт."
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:11
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid global encoding '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправилно глобално кодиране „%s“"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:19
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid repo encoding '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправилно кодиране „%s“ на хранилището"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:119
+msgid "Restore Defaults"
+msgstr "Стандартни настройки"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:123
+msgid "Save"
+msgstr "Запазване"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:133
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "%s Repository"
+msgstr "Хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:134
+msgid "Global (All Repositories)"
+msgstr "Глобално (за всички хранилища)"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:140
+msgid "User Name"
+msgstr "Потребителско име"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:141
+msgid "Email Address"
+msgstr "Адрес на е-поща"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:143
+msgid "Summarize Merge Commits"
+msgstr "Обобщаване на подаванията при сливане"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:144
+msgid "Merge Verbosity"
+msgstr "Подробности при сливанията"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:145
+msgid "Show Diffstat After Merge"
+msgstr "Извеждане на статистика след сливанията"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:146
+msgid "Use Merge Tool"
+msgstr "Използване на програма за сливане"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:148
+msgid "Trust File Modification Timestamps"
+msgstr "Доверие във времето на промяна на файловете"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:149
+msgid "Prune Tracking Branches During Fetch"
+msgstr "Окастряне на следящите клонове при доставяне"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:150
+msgid "Match Tracking Branches"
+msgstr "Напасване на следящите клонове"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:151
+msgid "Use Textconv For Diffs and Blames"
+msgstr "Използване на „textconv“ за разликите и анотациите"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:152
+msgid "Blame Copy Only On Changed Files"
+msgstr "Анотиране на копието само по променените файлове"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:153
+msgid "Maximum Length of Recent Repositories List"
+msgstr "Максимален брой скоро ползвани хранилища"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:154
+msgid "Minimum Letters To Blame Copy On"
+msgstr "Минимален брой знаци за анотиране на копието"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:155
+msgid "Blame History Context Radius (days)"
+msgstr "Исторически обхват за анотиране в дни"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:156
+msgid "Number of Diff Context Lines"
+msgstr "Брой редове за контекста при извеждане на разликите"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:157
+msgid "Additional Diff Parameters"
+msgstr "Допълнителни параметри за разликите"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:158
+msgid "Commit Message Text Width"
+msgstr "Широчина на текста на съобщението при подаване"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:159
+msgid "New Branch Name Template"
+msgstr "Шаблон за името на новите клони"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:160
+msgid "Default File Contents Encoding"
+msgstr "Стандартно кодиране на файловете"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:161
+msgid "Warn before committing to a detached head"
+msgstr "Предупреждение при подаване към несвързан връх"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:162
+msgid "Staging of untracked files"
+msgstr "Добавяне на неследените файлове към индекса"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:163
+msgid "Show untracked files"
+msgstr "Показване на неследените файлове"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:209
+msgid "Change"
+msgstr "Смяна"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:253
+msgid "Spelling Dictionary:"
+msgstr "Правописен речник:"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:283
+msgid "Change Font"
+msgstr "Смяна на шрифта"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:287
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Choose %s"
+msgstr "Избор на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:293
+msgid "pt."
+msgstr "тчк."
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:307
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Настройки"
+
+#: lib/option.tcl:344
+msgid "Failed to completely save options:"
+msgstr "Неуспешно запазване на настройките:"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:8
+msgid "Force resolution to the base version?"
+msgstr "Да се използва базовата версия"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:9
+msgid "Force resolution to this branch?"
+msgstr "Да се използва версията от този клон"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:10
+msgid "Force resolution to the other branch?"
+msgstr "Да се използва версията от другия клон"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:14
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Note that the diff shows only conflicting changes.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s will be overwritten.\n"
+"\n"
+"This operation can be undone only by restarting the merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Разликата показва само разликите с конфликт.\n"
+"\n"
+"Файлът „%s“ ще бъде презаписан.\n"
+"\n"
+"Тази операция може да бъде отменена само чрез започване на сливането наново."
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:45
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "File %s seems to have unresolved conflicts, still stage?"
+msgstr ""
+"Изглежда, че във файла „%s“ все още има некоригирани конфликти. Да се добави "
+"ли файлът към индекса?"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:60
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Adding resolution for %s"
+msgstr "Добавяне на корекция на конфликтите в „%s“"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:141
+msgid "Cannot resolve deletion or link conflicts using a tool"
+msgstr ""
+"Конфликтите при символни връзки или изтриване не могат да бъдат коригирани с "
+"външна програма."
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:146
+msgid "Conflict file does not exist"
+msgstr "Файлът, в който е конфликтът, не съществува"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:246
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Not a GUI merge tool: '%s'"
+msgstr "Това не е графична програма за сливане: „%s“"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:275
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unsupported merge tool '%s'"
+msgstr "Неподдържана програма за сливане: „%s“"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:310
+msgid "Merge tool is already running, terminate it?"
+msgstr "Програмата за сливане вече е стартирана. Да бъде ли изключена?"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:330
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Error retrieving versions:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Грешка при изтеглянето на версии:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:350
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not start the merge tool:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Програмата за сливане не може да бъде стартирана:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:354
+msgid "Running merge tool..."
+msgstr "Стартиране на програмата за сливане…"
+
+#: lib/mergetool.tcl:382 lib/mergetool.tcl:390
+msgid "Merge tool failed."
+msgstr "Грешка в програмата за сливане."
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:22
+msgid "Add Tool"
+msgstr "Добавяне на команда"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:28
+msgid "Add New Tool Command"
+msgstr "Добавяне на команда"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:34
+msgid "Add globally"
+msgstr "Глобално добавяне"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:46
+msgid "Tool Details"
+msgstr "Подробности за командата"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:49
+msgid "Use '/' separators to create a submenu tree:"
+msgstr "За създаване на подменюта използвайте за разделител знака „/“:"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:60
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Команда:"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:71
+msgid "Show a dialog before running"
+msgstr "Преди изпълнение да се извежда диалогов прозорец"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:77
+msgid "Ask the user to select a revision (sets $REVISION)"
+msgstr "Потребителят да укаже версия (задаване на променливата $REVISION)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:82
+msgid "Ask the user for additional arguments (sets $ARGS)"
+msgstr ""
+"Потребителят да укаже допълнителни аргументи (задаване на променливата $ARGS)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:89
+msgid "Don't show the command output window"
+msgstr "Без показване на прозорец с изхода от командата"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:94
+msgid "Run only if a diff is selected ($FILENAME not empty)"
+msgstr ""
+"Стартиране само след избор на разлика (променливата $FILENAME не е празна)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:118
+msgid "Please supply a name for the tool."
+msgstr "Задайте име за командата."
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:126
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tool '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Командата „%s“ вече съществува."
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:148
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not add tool:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Командата не може да бъде добавена:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:187
+msgid "Remove Tool"
+msgstr "Премахване на команда"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:193
+msgid "Remove Tool Commands"
+msgstr "Премахване на команди"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:198
+msgid "Remove"
+msgstr "Премахване"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:231
+msgid "(Blue denotes repository-local tools)"
+msgstr "(команди към локалното хранилище са обозначени в синьо)"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:292
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Run Command: %s"
+msgstr "Изпълнение на командата „%s“"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:306
+msgid "Arguments"
+msgstr "Аргументи"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:336 lib/checkout_op.tcl:567 lib/merge.tcl:166
+msgid "Visualize"
+msgstr "Визуализация"
+
+#: lib/tools_dlg.tcl:341
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "Добре"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:48
+msgid "Find:"
+msgstr "Търсене:"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:50
+msgid "Next"
+msgstr "Следваща поява"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:51
+msgid "Prev"
+msgstr "Предишна поява"
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:52
+msgid "RegExp"
+msgstr "Рег. изр."
+
+#: lib/search.tcl:54
+msgid "Case"
+msgstr "Регистър"
+
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:21 lib/shortcut.tcl:62
+msgid "Cannot write shortcut:"
+msgstr "Клавишната комбинация не може да бъде запазена:"
+
+#: lib/shortcut.tcl:137
+msgid "Cannot write icon:"
+msgstr "Иконата не може да бъде запазена:"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:64
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"No differences detected.\n"
+"\n"
+"%s has no changes.\n"
+"\n"
+"The modification date of this file was updated by another application, but "
+"the content within the file was not changed.\n"
+"\n"
+"A rescan will be automatically started to find other files which may have "
+"the same state."
+msgstr ""
+"Не са открити разлики.\n"
+"\n"
+"Няма промени в „%s“.\n"
+"\n"
+"Времето на промяна на файла е бил зададен от друга програма, но съдържанието "
+"му не е променено.\n"
+"\n"
+"Автоматично ще започне нова проверка дали няма други файлове в това "
+"състояние."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:104
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Loading diff of %s..."
+msgstr "Зареждане на разликите в „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:125
+msgid ""
+"LOCAL: deleted\n"
+"REMOTE:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"ЛОКАЛНО: изтрит\n"
+"ОТДАЛЕЧЕНО:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:130
+msgid ""
+"REMOTE: deleted\n"
+"LOCAL:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"ОТДАЛЕЧЕНО: изтрит\n"
+"ЛОКАЛНО:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:137
+msgid "LOCAL:\n"
+msgstr "ЛОКАЛНО:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:140
+msgid "REMOTE:\n"
+msgstr "ОТДАЛЕЧЕНО:\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:202 lib/diff.tcl:337
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to display %s"
+msgstr "Не може да бъде показан файлът „%s“"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:203
+msgid "Error loading file:"
+msgstr "Грешка при зареждане на файл:"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:210
+msgid "Git Repository (subproject)"
+msgstr "Хранилище на Git (подпроект)"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:222
+msgid "* Binary file (not showing content)."
+msgstr "⁃ Двоичен файл (съдържанието не се показва)."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:227
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"* Untracked file is %d bytes.\n"
+"* Showing only first %d bytes.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"⁃ Неследеният файл е %d байта.\n"
+"⁃ Показват се само първите %d байта.\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:233
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"* Untracked file clipped here by %s.\n"
+"* To see the entire file, use an external editor.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"⁃ Неследеният файл е отрязан дотук %s.\n"
+"⁃ Използвайте външен редактор, за да видите целия файл.\n"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:338 lib/blame.tcl:1128
+msgid "Error loading diff:"
+msgstr "Грешка при зареждане на разлика:"
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:557
+msgid "Failed to unstage selected hunk."
+msgstr "Избраното парче не може да бъде извадено от индекса."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:564
+msgid "Failed to stage selected hunk."
+msgstr "Избраното парче не може да бъде добавен към индекса."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:643
+msgid "Failed to unstage selected line."
+msgstr "Избраният ред не може да бъде изваден от индекса."
+
+#: lib/diff.tcl:651
+msgid "Failed to stage selected line."
+msgstr "Избраният ред не може да бъде добавен към индекса."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:29 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:34
+msgid "Delete Branch Remotely"
+msgstr "Изтриване на отдалечения клон"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:48
+msgid "From Repository"
+msgstr "От хранилище"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:88
+msgid "Branches"
+msgstr "Клонове"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:110
+msgid "Delete Only If"
+msgstr "Изтриване, само ако"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:112
+msgid "Merged Into:"
+msgstr "Слят в:"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:120 lib/branch_delete.tcl:53
+msgid "Always (Do not perform merge checks)"
+msgstr "Винаги (без проверка за сливане)"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:153
+msgid "A branch is required for 'Merged Into'."
+msgstr "За данните „Слят в“ е необходимо да зададете клон."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:185
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The following branches are not completely merged into %s:\n"
+"\n"
+" - %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Следните клони не са слети напълно в „%s“:\n"
+"\n"
+" ⁃ %s"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:190
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"One or more of the merge tests failed because you have not fetched the "
+"necessary commits.  Try fetching from %s first."
+msgstr ""
+"Поне една от пробите за сливане е неуспешна, защото не сте доставили всички "
+"необходими подавания. Пробвайте първо да доставите подаванията от „%s“."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:208
+msgid "Please select one or more branches to delete."
+msgstr "Изберете поне един клон за изтриване."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:218 lib/branch_delete.tcl:115
+msgid ""
+"Recovering deleted branches is difficult.\n"
+"\n"
+"Delete the selected branches?"
+msgstr ""
+"Възстановяването на изтрити клони може да е трудно.\n"
+"\n"
+"Сигурни ли сте, че искате да триете?"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:227
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Deleting branches from %s"
+msgstr "Изтриване на клони от „%s“"
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:300
+msgid "No repository selected."
+msgstr "Не е избрано хранилище."
+
+#: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:305
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Scanning %s..."
+msgstr "Претърсване на „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:32
+msgid "Git Gui"
+msgstr "ГПИ на Git"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:91 lib/choose_repository.tcl:396
+msgid "Create New Repository"
+msgstr "Създаване на ново хранилище"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:97
+msgid "New..."
+msgstr "Ново…"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:104 lib/choose_repository.tcl:480
+msgid "Clone Existing Repository"
+msgstr "Клониране на съществуващо хранилище"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:115
+msgid "Clone..."
+msgstr "Клониране…"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:122 lib/choose_repository.tcl:1019
+msgid "Open Existing Repository"
+msgstr "Отваряне на съществуващо хранилище"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:128
+msgid "Open..."
+msgstr "Отваряне…"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:141
+msgid "Recent Repositories"
+msgstr "Скоро ползвани"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:147
+msgid "Open Recent Repository:"
+msgstr "Отваряне на хранилище ползвано наскоро:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:315 lib/choose_repository.tcl:322
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:329
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to create repository %s:"
+msgstr "Неуспешно създаване на хранилището „%s“:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:391 lib/branch_create.tcl:33
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Създаване"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:401
+msgid "Directory:"
+msgstr "Директория:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:431 lib/choose_repository.tcl:552
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1053
+msgid "Git Repository"
+msgstr "Хранилище на Git"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:456
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Directory %s already exists."
+msgstr "Вече съществува директория „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:460
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "File %s already exists."
+msgstr "Вече съществува файл „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:475
+msgid "Clone"
+msgstr "Клониране"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:488
+msgid "Source Location:"
+msgstr "Адрес на източника:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:497
+msgid "Target Directory:"
+msgstr "Целева директория:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:507
+msgid "Clone Type:"
+msgstr "Вид клониране:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:512
+msgid "Standard (Fast, Semi-Redundant, Hardlinks)"
+msgstr "Стандартно (бързо, частично споделяне на файлове, твърди връзки)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:517
+msgid "Full Copy (Slower, Redundant Backup)"
+msgstr "Пълно (бавно, пълноценно резервно копие)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:522
+msgid "Shared (Fastest, Not Recommended, No Backup)"
+msgstr "Споделено (най-бързо, не се препоръчва, не прави резервно копие)"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:558 lib/choose_repository.tcl:605
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:751 lib/choose_repository.tcl:821
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1059 lib/choose_repository.tcl:1067
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Not a Git repository: %s"
+msgstr "Това не е хранилище на Git: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:594
+msgid "Standard only available for local repository."
+msgstr "Само локални хранилища могат да се клонират стандартно"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:598
+msgid "Shared only available for local repository."
+msgstr "Само локални хранилища могат да се клонират споделено"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:619
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Location %s already exists."
+msgstr "Вече съществува местоположението „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:630
+msgid "Failed to configure origin"
+msgstr "Неуспешно настройване на хранилището-източник"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:642
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Преброяване на обекти"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:643
+msgid "buckets"
+msgstr "клетки"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:667
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to copy objects/info/alternates: %s"
+msgstr "Обектите/информацията/синонимите не могат да бъдат копирани: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:703
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Nothing to clone from %s."
+msgstr "Няма какво да се клонира от „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:705 lib/choose_repository.tcl:919
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:931
+msgid "The 'master' branch has not been initialized."
+msgstr "Основният клон — „master“ не е инициализиран."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:718
+msgid "Hardlinks are unavailable.  Falling back to copying."
+msgstr "Не се поддържат твърди връзки. Преминава се към копиране."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:730
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cloning from %s"
+msgstr "Клониране на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:761
+msgid "Copying objects"
+msgstr "Копиране на обекти"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:762
+msgid "KiB"
+msgstr "KiB"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:786
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to copy object: %s"
+msgstr "Неуспешно копиране на обект: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:796
+msgid "Linking objects"
+msgstr "Създаване на връзки към обектите"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:797
+msgid "objects"
+msgstr "обекти"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:805
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to hardlink object: %s"
+msgstr "Неуспешно създаване на твърда връзка към обект: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:860
+msgid "Cannot fetch branches and objects.  See console output for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Клоните и обектите не могат да бъдат изтеглени. За повече информация "
+"погледнете изхода на конзолата."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:871
+msgid "Cannot fetch tags.  See console output for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Етикетите не могат да бъдат изтеглени. За повече информация погледнете "
+"изхода на конзолата."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:895
+msgid "Cannot determine HEAD.  See console output for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Върхът HEAD не може да бъде определен. За повече информация погледнете "
+"изхода на конзолата."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:904
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unable to cleanup %s"
+msgstr "Не може да се зачисти „%s“"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:910
+msgid "Clone failed."
+msgstr "Неуспешно клониране."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:917
+msgid "No default branch obtained."
+msgstr "Не е получен клон по подразбиране."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:928
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Cannot resolve %s as a commit."
+msgstr "Няма подаване отговарящо на „%s“."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:940
+msgid "Creating working directory"
+msgstr "Създаване на работната директория"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:941 lib/index.tcl:70 lib/index.tcl:136
+#: lib/index.tcl:207
+msgid "files"
+msgstr "файлове"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:970
+msgid "Initial file checkout failed."
+msgstr "Неуспешно първоначално изтегляне."
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1014
+msgid "Open"
+msgstr "Отваряне"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1024
+msgid "Repository:"
+msgstr "Хранилище:"
+
+#: lib/choose_repository.tcl:1073
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to open repository %s:"
+msgstr "Неуспешно отваряне на хранилището „%s“:"
+
+#: lib/about.tcl:26
+msgid "git-gui - a graphical user interface for Git."
+msgstr "git-gui — графичен интерфейс за Git."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:85
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Fetching %s from %s"
+msgstr "Доставяне на „%s“ от „%s“"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:133
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "fatal: Cannot resolve %s"
+msgstr "фатална грешка: „%s“ не може да се открие"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:175
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' does not exist."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ не съществува."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:194
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to configure simplified git-pull for '%s'."
+msgstr "Неуспешно настройване на опростен git-pull за „%s“."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:229
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Branch '%s' already exists.\n"
+"\n"
+"It cannot fast-forward to %s.\n"
+"A merge is required."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ съществува.\n"
+"\n"
+"Той не може да бъде тривиално превъртян до %s.\n"
+"Необходимо е сливане."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:243
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merge strategy '%s' not supported."
+msgstr "Стратегия за сливане  „%s“ не се поддържа."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:262
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Failed to update '%s'."
+msgstr "Неуспешно обновяване на „%s“."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:274
+msgid "Staging area (index) is already locked."
+msgstr "Индексът вече е заключен."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:289
+msgid ""
+"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
+"rescan must be performed before the current branch can be changed.\n"
+"\n"
+"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Състоянието при последната проверка не отговаря на състоянието на "
+"хранилището.\n"
+"\n"
+"Някой друг процес за Git е променил хранилището междувременно. Състоянието "
+"трябва да бъде проверено, преди да се премине към нов клон.\n"
+"\n"
+"Автоматично ще започне нова проверка.\n"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:345
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Updating working directory to '%s'..."
+msgstr "Работната директория се привежда към „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:346
+msgid "files checked out"
+msgstr "файла са изтеглени"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:376
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Aborted checkout of '%s' (file level merging is required)."
+msgstr ""
+"Преустановяване на изтеглянето на „%s“ (необходимо е пофайлово сливане)."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:377
+msgid "File level merge required."
+msgstr "Необходимо е пофайлово сливане."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:381
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Staying on branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Оставане върху клона „%s“."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:452
+msgid ""
+"You are no longer on a local branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to be on a branch, create one now starting from 'This Detached "
+"Checkout'."
+msgstr ""
+"Вече не сте на локален клон.\n"
+"\n"
+"Ако искате да сте на клон, създайте базиран на „Това несвързано изтегляне“."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:503 lib/checkout_op.tcl:507
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Checked out '%s'."
+msgstr "„%s“ е изтеглен."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:535
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Resetting '%s' to '%s' will lose the following commits:"
+msgstr ""
+"Зануляването на „%s“ към „%s“ ще доведе до загубването на следните подавания:"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:557
+msgid "Recovering lost commits may not be easy."
+msgstr "Възстановяването на загубените подавания може да е трудно."
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:562
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset '%s'?"
+msgstr "Зануляване на „%s“?"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:571 lib/branch_create.tcl:85
+msgid "Reset"
+msgstr "Отначало"
+
+#: lib/checkout_op.tcl:635
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to set current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"This working directory is only partially switched.  We successfully updated "
+"your files, but failed to update an internal Git file.\n"
+"\n"
+"This should not have occurred.  %s will now close and give up."
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно задаване на текущия клон.\n"
+"\n"
+"Работната директория е само частично обновена: файловете са обновени "
+"успешно, но някой от вътрешните, служебни файлове на Git не е бил.\n"
+"\n"
+"Това състояние е аварийно и не трябва да се случва. Програмата „%s“ ще "
+"преустанови работа."
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:23
+msgid "Create Branch"
+msgstr "Създаване на клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:28
+msgid "Create New Branch"
+msgstr "Създаване на нов клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:42
+msgid "Branch Name"
+msgstr "Име на клона"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:57
+msgid "Match Tracking Branch Name"
+msgstr "Съвпадане по името на следения клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:66
+msgid "Starting Revision"
+msgstr "Начална версия"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:72
+msgid "Update Existing Branch:"
+msgstr "Обновяване на съществуващ клон:"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:75
+msgid "No"
+msgstr "Не"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:80
+msgid "Fast Forward Only"
+msgstr "Само тривиално превъртащо сливане"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:97
+msgid "Checkout After Creation"
+msgstr "Преминаване към клона след създаването му"
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:132
+msgid "Please select a tracking branch."
+msgstr "Изберете клон за следени."
+
+#: lib/branch_create.tcl:141
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tracking branch %s is not a branch in the remote repository."
+msgstr "Клонът, който се следи „%s“ не съществува в отдалеченото хранилище."
+
+#: lib/console.tcl:59
+msgid "Working... please wait..."
+msgstr "В момента се извършва действие, изчакайте…"
+
+#: lib/console.tcl:186
+msgid "Success"
+msgstr "Успех"
+
+#: lib/console.tcl:200
+msgid "Error: Command Failed"
+msgstr "Грешка: неуспешно изпълнение на команда"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:52
+msgid "This Detached Checkout"
+msgstr "Това несвързано изтегляне"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:60
+msgid "Revision Expression:"
+msgstr "Израз за версия"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:72
+msgid "Local Branch"
+msgstr "Локален клон"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:77
+msgid "Tracking Branch"
+msgstr "Следящ клон"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:82 lib/choose_rev.tcl:544
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Етикет"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:321
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid revision: %s"
+msgstr "Неправилна версия: %s"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:342
+msgid "No revision selected."
+msgstr "Не е избрана версия."
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:350
+msgid "Revision expression is empty."
+msgstr "Изразът за версия е празен."
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:537
+msgid "Updated"
+msgstr "Обновен"
+
+#: lib/choose_rev.tcl:565
+msgid "URL"
+msgstr "Адрес"
+
+#: lib/line.tcl:17
+msgid "Goto Line:"
+msgstr "Към ред:"
+
+#: lib/line.tcl:23
+msgid "Go"
+msgstr "Придвижване"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:9
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to amend.\n"
+"\n"
+"You are about to create the initial commit.  There is no commit before this "
+"to amend.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Няма какво да се поправи.\n"
+"\n"
+"Ще създадете първоначалното подаване. Преди него няма други подавания, които "
+"да поправите.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:18
+msgid ""
+"Cannot amend while merging.\n"
+"\n"
+"You are currently in the middle of a merge that has not been fully "
+"completed.  You cannot amend the prior commit unless you first abort the "
+"current merge activity.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"По време на сливане не може да поправяте.\n"
+"\n"
+"В момента все още не сте завършили операция по сливане. Не може да поправите "
+"предишното подаване, освен ако първо не преустановите текущото сливане.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:48
+msgid "Error loading commit data for amend:"
+msgstr "Грешка при зареждане на данните от подаване, които да се поправят:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:75
+msgid "Unable to obtain your identity:"
+msgstr "Идентификацията ви не може да бъде определена:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:80
+msgid "Invalid GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT:"
+msgstr "Неправилно поле GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT:"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:129
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "warning: Tcl does not support encoding '%s'."
+msgstr "предупреждение: Tcl не поддържа кодирането „%s“."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:149
+msgid ""
+"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
+"rescan must be performed before another commit can be created.\n"
+"\n"
+"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Състоянието при последната проверка не отговаря на състоянието на "
+"хранилището.\n"
+"\n"
+"Някой друг процес за Git е променил хранилището междувременно. Състоянието "
+"трябва да бъде проверено преди ново подаване.\n"
+"\n"
+"Автоматично ще започне нова проверка.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:173
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Unmerged files cannot be committed.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s has merge conflicts.  You must resolve them and stage the file "
+"before committing.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Неслетите файлове не могат да бъдат подавани.\n"
+"\n"
+"Във файла „%s“ има конфликти при сливане. За да го подадете, трябва първо да "
+"коригирате конфликтите и да добавите файла към индекса за подаване.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:181
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Unknown file state %s detected.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s cannot be committed by this program.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Непознато състояние на файл „%s“.\n"
+"\n"
+"Файлът „%s“ не може да бъде подаден чрез текущата програма.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:189
+msgid ""
+"No changes to commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must stage at least 1 file before you can commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Няма промени за подаване.\n"
+"\n"
+"Трябва да добавите поне 1 файл към индекса, преди да подадете.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:204
+msgid ""
+"Please supply a commit message.\n"
+"\n"
+"A good commit message has the following format:\n"
+"\n"
+"- First line: Describe in one sentence what you did.\n"
+"- Second line: Blank\n"
+"- Remaining lines: Describe why this change is good.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Задайте добро съобщение при подаване.\n"
+"\n"
+"Използвайте следния формат:\n"
+"\n"
+"⁃ Първи ред: описание в едно изречение на промяната.\n"
+"⁃ Втори ред: празен.\n"
+"⁃ Останалите редове: опишете защо се налага тази промяна.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:235
+msgid "Calling pre-commit hook..."
+msgstr "Изпълняване на куката преди подаване…"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:250
+msgid "Commit declined by pre-commit hook."
+msgstr "Подаването е отхвърлено от куката преди подаване."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:269
+msgid ""
+"You are about to commit on a detached head. This is a potentially dangerous "
+"thing to do because if you switch to another branch you will lose your "
+"changes and it can be difficult to retrieve them later from the reflog. You "
+"should probably cancel this commit and create a new branch to continue.\n"
+" \n"
+" Do you really want to proceed with your Commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ще подадете към несвързан връх. Това действие е опасно, защото при "
+"преминаването към който и да е клон ще загубите промените си и не е сигурно, "
+"че ще можете по-късно да ги възстановите чрез журнала на указателите. Най-"
+"вероятно трябва първо да създадете клон базиран на текущото състояние и да "
+"подадете към него.\n"
+" \n"
+"Сигурни ли сте, че искате да подадете точно сега?"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:290
+msgid "Calling commit-msg hook..."
+msgstr "Изпълняване на куката за съобщението при подаване…"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:305
+msgid "Commit declined by commit-msg hook."
+msgstr "Подаването е отхвърлено от куката за съобщението при подаване."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:318
+msgid "Committing changes..."
+msgstr "Подаване на промените."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:334
+msgid "write-tree failed:"
+msgstr "неуспешно запазване на дървото (write-tree):"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:335 lib/commit.tcl:379 lib/commit.tcl:400
+msgid "Commit failed."
+msgstr "Неуспешно подаване."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:352
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s appears to be corrupt"
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ изглежда повредено"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:357
+msgid ""
+"No changes to commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"No files were modified by this commit and it was not a merge commit.\n"
+"\n"
+"A rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Няма промени за подаване.\n"
+"\n"
+"В това подаване не са променяни никакви файлове, а и не е подаване със "
+"сливане.\n"
+"\n"
+"Автоматично ще започне нова проверка.\n"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:364
+msgid "No changes to commit."
+msgstr "Няма промени за подаване."
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:378
+msgid "commit-tree failed:"
+msgstr "неуспешно подаване на дървото (commit-tree):"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:399
+msgid "update-ref failed:"
+msgstr "неуспешно обновяване на указателите (update-ref):"
+
+#: lib/commit.tcl:492
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Created commit %s: %s"
+msgstr "Успешно подаване %s: %s"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:16
+msgid "Delete Branch"
+msgstr "Изтриване на клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:21
+msgid "Delete Local Branch"
+msgstr "Изтриване на локален клон"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:39
+msgid "Local Branches"
+msgstr "Локални клони"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:51
+msgid "Delete Only If Merged Into"
+msgstr "Изтриване, само ако промените са слети и другаде"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:103
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "The following branches are not completely merged into %s:"
+msgstr "Не всички промени в клоните са слети в %s:"
+
+#: lib/branch_delete.tcl:141
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to delete branches:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно триене на клони:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:73
+msgid "File Viewer"
+msgstr "Преглед на файлове"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:79
+msgid "Commit:"
+msgstr "Подаване:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:280
+msgid "Copy Commit"
+msgstr "Копиране на подаване"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:284
+msgid "Find Text..."
+msgstr "Търсене на текст…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:288
+msgid "Goto Line..."
+msgstr "Към ред…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:297
+msgid "Do Full Copy Detection"
+msgstr "Пълно търсене на копиране"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:301
+msgid "Show History Context"
+msgstr "Показване на контекста от историята"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:304
+msgid "Blame Parent Commit"
+msgstr "Анотиране на родителското подаване"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:466
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reading %s..."
+msgstr "%s се чете…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:594
+msgid "Loading copy/move tracking annotations..."
+msgstr "Зареждане на анотациите за проследяване на копирането/преместването…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:614
+msgid "lines annotated"
+msgstr "реда анотирани"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:806
+msgid "Loading original location annotations..."
+msgstr "Зареждане на анотациите за първоначалното местоположение…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:809
+msgid "Annotation complete."
+msgstr "Анотирането завърши."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:839
+msgid "Busy"
+msgstr "Операцията не е завършила"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:840
+msgid "Annotation process is already running."
+msgstr "В момента тече процес на анотиране."
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:879
+msgid "Running thorough copy detection..."
+msgstr "Изпълнява се цялостен процес на откриване на копиране…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:947
+msgid "Loading annotation..."
+msgstr "Зареждане на анотации…"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1000
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Автор:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1004
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Подал:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1009
+msgid "Original File:"
+msgstr "Първоначален файл:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1057
+msgid "Cannot find HEAD commit:"
+msgstr "Подаването за връх HEAD не може да се открие:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1112
+msgid "Cannot find parent commit:"
+msgstr "Родителското подаване не може да бъде открито"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1127
+msgid "Unable to display parent"
+msgstr "Родителят не може да бъде показан"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1269
+msgid "Originally By:"
+msgstr "Първоначално от:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1275
+msgid "In File:"
+msgstr "Във файл:"
+
+#: lib/blame.tcl:1280
+msgid "Copied Or Moved Here By:"
+msgstr "Копирано или преместено тук от:"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:6
+msgid "Unable to unlock the index."
+msgstr "Индексът не може да бъде отключен."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:17
+msgid "Index Error"
+msgstr "Грешка в индекса"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:19
+msgid ""
+"Updating the Git index failed.  A rescan will be automatically started to "
+"resynchronize git-gui."
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно обновяване на индекса на Git. Автоматично ще започне нова проверка "
+"за синхронизирането на git-gui."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:30
+msgid "Continue"
+msgstr "Продължаване"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:33
+msgid "Unlock Index"
+msgstr "Отключване на индекса"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:298
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Unstaging %s from commit"
+msgstr "Изваждане на %s от подаването"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:337
+msgid "Ready to commit."
+msgstr "Готовност за подаване."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:350
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Добавяне на „%s“"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:380
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Stage %d untracked files?"
+msgstr "Да се добавят ли %d на брой неследени файла към индекса?"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:428
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revert changes in file %s?"
+msgstr "Да се махнат ли промените във файла „%s“?"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:430
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revert changes in these %i files?"
+msgstr "Да се махнат ли промените в тези %i файла?"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:438
+msgid "Any unstaged changes will be permanently lost by the revert."
+msgstr ""
+"Всички промени, които не са били вкарани в индекса, ще бъдат безвъзвратно "
+"загубени."
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:441
+msgid "Do Nothing"
+msgstr "Нищо да не се прави"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:459
+msgid "Reverting selected files"
+msgstr "Махане на промените в избраните файлове"
+
+#: lib/index.tcl:463
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reverting %s"
+msgstr "Махане на промените в „%s“"
+
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:443
+msgid "Default"
+msgstr "Стандартното"
+
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:448
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "System (%s)"
+msgstr "Системното (%s)"
+
+#: lib/encoding.tcl:459 lib/encoding.tcl:465
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Друго"
+
+#: lib/date.tcl:25
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Invalid date from Git: %s"
+msgstr "Неправилни данни от Git: %s"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:42
+msgid "Number of loose objects"
+msgstr "Брой непакетирани обекти"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:43
+msgid "Disk space used by loose objects"
+msgstr "Дисково пространство заето от непакетирани обекти"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:44
+msgid "Number of packed objects"
+msgstr "Брой пакетирани обекти"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:45
+msgid "Number of packs"
+msgstr "Брой пакети"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:46
+msgid "Disk space used by packed objects"
+msgstr "Дисково пространство заето от пакетирани обекти"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:47
+msgid "Packed objects waiting for pruning"
+msgstr "Пакетирани обекти за окастряне"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:48
+msgid "Garbage files"
+msgstr "Файлове за боклука"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:72
+msgid "Compressing the object database"
+msgstr "Компресиране на базата с данни за обектите"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:83
+msgid "Verifying the object database with fsck-objects"
+msgstr "Проверка на базата с данни за обектите с програмата fsck-objects"
+
+#: lib/database.tcl:107
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"This repository currently has approximately %i loose objects.\n"
+"\n"
+"To maintain optimal performance it is strongly recommended that you compress "
+"the database.\n"
+"\n"
+"Compress the database now?"
+msgstr ""
+"В това хранилище в момента има към %i непакетирани обекти.\n"
+"\n"
+"Зd добра производителност се препоръчва да компресирате базата с данни за "
+"обектите.\n"
+"\n"
+"Да се започне ли компресирането?"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:20 lib/error.tcl:116
+msgid "error"
+msgstr "грешка"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:36
+msgid "warning"
+msgstr "предупреждение"
+
+#: lib/error.tcl:96
+msgid "You must correct the above errors before committing."
+msgstr "Преди да можете да подадете, оправете горните грешки."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:13
+msgid ""
+"Cannot merge while amending.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must finish amending this commit before starting any type of merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"По време на поправяне не може да сливане.\n"
+"\n"
+"Трябва да завършите поправянето на текущото подаване, преди да започнете "
+"сливане.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:27
+msgid ""
+"Last scanned state does not match repository state.\n"
+"\n"
+"Another Git program has modified this repository since the last scan.  A "
+"rescan must be performed before a merge can be performed.\n"
+"\n"
+"The rescan will be automatically started now.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Последно установеното състояние не отговаря на това в хранилището.\n"
+"\n"
+"Някой друг процес за Git е променил хранилището междувременно. Състоянието "
+"трябва да бъде проверено, преди да се извърши сливане.\n"
+"\n"
+"Автоматично ще започне нова проверка.\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:45
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"You are in the middle of a conflicted merge.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s has merge conflicts.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must resolve them, stage the file, and commit to complete the current "
+"merge.  Only then can you begin another merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"В момента тече сливане, но има конфликти.\n"
+"\n"
+"Погледнете файла „%s“.\n"
+"\n"
+"Трябва да коригирате конфликтите в него, да го добавите към индекса и да "
+"завършите текущото сливане чрез подаване. Чак тогава може да започнете ново "
+"сливане.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:55
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"You are in the middle of a change.\n"
+"\n"
+"File %s is modified.\n"
+"\n"
+"You should complete the current commit before starting a merge.  Doing so "
+"will help you abort a failed merge, should the need arise.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"В момента тече подаване.\n"
+"\n"
+"Файлът „%s“ е променен.\n"
+"\n"
+"Трябва да завършите текущото подаване, преди да започнете сливане. Така ще "
+"можете лесно да преустановите сливането, ако възникне нужда.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:108
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "%s of %s"
+msgstr "%s от общо %s"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:122
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merging %s and %s..."
+msgstr "Сливане на „%s“ и „%s“…"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:133
+msgid "Merge completed successfully."
+msgstr "Сливането завърши успешно."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:135
+msgid "Merge failed.  Conflict resolution is required."
+msgstr "Неуспешно сливане — има конфликти за коригиране."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:160
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Merge Into %s"
+msgstr "Сливане в „%s“"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:179
+msgid "Revision To Merge"
+msgstr "Версия за сливане"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:214
+msgid ""
+"Cannot abort while amending.\n"
+"\n"
+"You must finish amending this commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Поправянето не може да бъде преустановено.\n"
+"\n"
+"Трябва да завършите поправката на това подаване.\n"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:224
+msgid ""
+"Abort merge?\n"
+"\n"
+"Aborting the current merge will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.\n"
+"\n"
+"Continue with aborting the current merge?"
+msgstr ""
+"Да се преустанови ли сливането?\n"
+"\n"
+"В такъв случай *ВСИЧКИ* неподадени промени ще бъдат безвъзвратно загубени.\n"
+"\n"
+"Наистина ли да се преустанови сливането?"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:230
+msgid ""
+"Reset changes?\n"
+"\n"
+"Resetting the changes will cause *ALL* uncommitted changes to be lost.\n"
+"\n"
+"Continue with resetting the current changes?"
+msgstr ""
+"Да се занулят ли промените?\n"
+"\n"
+"В такъв случай *ВСИЧКИ* неподадени промени ще бъдат безвъзвратно загубени.\n"
+"\n"
+"Наистина ли да се занулят промените?"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:241
+msgid "Aborting"
+msgstr "Преустановяване"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:241
+msgid "files reset"
+msgstr "файла със занулени промени"
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:269
+msgid "Abort failed."
+msgstr "Неуспешно преустановяване."
+
+#: lib/merge.tcl:271
+msgid "Abort completed.  Ready."
+msgstr "Успешно преустановяване. Готовност за следващо действие."
diff --git a/git-gui/po/de.po b/git-gui/po/de.po
index 44c5ddc8b6..baebff2fff 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/de.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/de.po
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1154
 msgid "Cannot use bare repository:"
-msgstr "Leeres Projektarchiv kann nicht benutzt werden:"
+msgstr "Bloßes Projektarchiv kann nicht benutzt werden:"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1162
 msgid "No working directory"
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ msgstr "Nach geänderten Dateien suchen..."
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1454
 msgid "Calling prepare-commit-msg hook..."
-msgstr "Aufrufen der Eintragen-Vorbereiten-Kontrolle..."
+msgstr "Aufrufen der Eintragen-Vorbereiten-Kontrolle (»prepare-commit hook«)..."
 
 #: git-gui.sh:1471
 msgid "Commit declined by prepare-commit-msg hook."
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ msgstr "Zusammenführen"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:2465 lib/choose_rev.tcl:557
 msgid "Remote"
-msgstr "Andere Archive"
+msgstr "Externe Archive"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:2468
 msgid "Tools"
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ msgstr "Zusammenführungswerkzeug"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:3328
 msgid "Use Remote Version"
-msgstr "Entfernte Version benutzen"
+msgstr "Externe Version benutzen"
 
 #: git-gui.sh:3332
 msgid "Use Local Version"
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ msgstr "Bitte wählen Sie einen Übernahmezweig."
 #: lib/branch_create.tcl:140
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tracking branch %s is not a branch in the remote repository."
-msgstr "Übernahmezweig »%s« ist kein Zweig im anderen Projektarchiv."
+msgstr "Übernahmezweig »%s« ist kein Zweig im externen Projektarchiv."
 
 #: lib/branch_create.tcl:153 lib/branch_rename.tcl:86
 msgid "Please supply a branch name."
@@ -1446,7 +1446,7 @@ msgstr ""
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:234
 msgid "Calling pre-commit hook..."
-msgstr "Aufrufen der Vor-Eintragen-Kontrolle..."
+msgstr "Aufrufen der Vor-Eintragen-Kontrolle (»pre-commit hook«)..."
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:249
 msgid "Commit declined by pre-commit hook."
@@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@ msgstr "Eintragen abgelehnt durch Vor-Eintragen-Kontrolle (»pre-commit hook«).
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:272
 msgid "Calling commit-msg hook..."
-msgstr "Aufrufen der Versionsbeschreibungs-Kontrolle..."
+msgstr "Aufrufen der Versionsbeschreibungs-Kontrolle (»commit-message hook«)..."
 
 #: lib/commit.tcl:287
 msgid "Commit declined by commit-msg hook."
@@ -2134,11 +2134,11 @@ msgstr "Optionen konnten nicht gespeichert werden:"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:19
 msgid "Add Remote"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv hinzufügen"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv hinzufügen"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:24
 msgid "Add New Remote"
-msgstr "Neues anderes Archiv hinzufügen"
+msgstr "Neues externes Archiv hinzufügen"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:28 lib/tools_dlg.tcl:36
 msgid "Add"
@@ -2146,7 +2146,7 @@ msgstr "Hinzufügen"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:37
 msgid "Remote Details"
-msgstr "Einzelheiten des anderen Archivs"
+msgstr "Einzelheiten des externen Archivs"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:50
 msgid "Location:"
@@ -2162,7 +2162,7 @@ msgstr "Gleich anfordern"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:71
 msgid "Initialize Remote Repository and Push"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv initialisieren und dahin versenden"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv initialisieren und dahin versenden"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:77
 msgid "Do Nothing Else Now"
@@ -2170,17 +2170,17 @@ msgstr "Nichts tun"
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:101
 msgid "Please supply a remote name."
-msgstr "Bitte geben Sie einen Namen des anderen Archivs an."
+msgstr "Bitte geben Sie einen Namen des externen Archivs an."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:114
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "'%s' is not an acceptable remote name."
-msgstr "»%s« ist kein zulässiger Name eines anderen Archivs."
+msgstr "»%s« ist kein zulässiger Name eines externen Archivs."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:125
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Failed to add remote '%s' of location '%s'."
-msgstr "Fehler beim Hinzufügen des anderen Archivs »%s« aus Herkunftsort »%s«."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Hinzufügen des externen Archivs »%s« aus Herkunftsort »%s«."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:133 lib/transport.tcl:6
 #, tcl-format
@@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@ msgstr "»%s« anfordern"
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:157
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Do not know how to initialize repository at location '%s'."
-msgstr "Initialisieren eines anderen Archivs an Adresse »%s« ist nicht möglich."
+msgstr "Initialisieren eines externen Archivs an Adresse »%s« ist nicht möglich."
 
 #: lib/remote_add.tcl:163 lib/transport.tcl:25 lib/transport.tcl:63
 #: lib/transport.tcl:81
@@ -2210,7 +2210,7 @@ msgstr "Einrichten von »%s« an »%s«"
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:29 lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:34
 msgid "Delete Branch Remotely"
-msgstr "Zweig in anderem Archiv löschen"
+msgstr "Zweig in externem Archiv löschen"
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:47
 msgid "From Repository"
@@ -2218,7 +2218,7 @@ msgstr "In Projektarchiv"
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:50 lib/transport.tcl:134
 msgid "Remote:"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv:"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv:"
 
 #: lib/remote_branch_delete.tcl:66 lib/transport.tcl:149
 msgid "Arbitrary Location:"
@@ -2281,7 +2281,7 @@ msgstr "»%s« laden..."
 
 #: lib/remote.tcl:163
 msgid "Remove Remote"
-msgstr "Anderes Archiv entfernen"
+msgstr "Externes Archiv entfernen"
 
 #: lib/remote.tcl:168
 msgid "Prune from"
@@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "Schlüsselerzeugung fehlgeschlagen."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Schlüsselerzeugung erfolgreich, aber keine Schlüssel gefunden."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/fr.po b/git-gui/po/fr.po
index 81706965f3..0aff18691d 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/fr.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/fr.po
@@ -1139,7 +1139,7 @@ msgstr "Standard (rapide, semi-redondant, liens durs)"
 
 #: lib/choose_repository.tcl:514
 msgid "Full Copy (Slower, Redundant Backup)"
-msgstr "Copy complète (plus lent, sauvegarde redondante)"
+msgstr "Copie complète (plus lent, sauvegarde redondante)"
 
 #: lib/choose_repository.tcl:520
 msgid "Shared (Fastest, Not Recommended, No Backup)"
@@ -2399,7 +2399,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "La génération a échoué."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "La génération a réussi, mais aucune clé n'a été trouvée."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot b/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
index 1ae2aaa0b3..0c94f9c2c6 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
+++ b/git-gui/po/git-gui.pot
@@ -2203,7 +2203,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/glossary/bg.po b/git-gui/po/glossary/bg.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b71fad9a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-gui/po/glossary/bg.po
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+# Bulgarian translation of git-gui-glossary po-file.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, 2013, 2014 Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git package.
+# Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>, 2012, 2013, 2014.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git-gui-glossary master\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-01-13 21:39+0200\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-01-13 21:39+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Bulgarian <dict@fsa-bg.org>\n"
+"Language: bg\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#. "English Definition (Dear translator: This file will never be visible to the user! It should only serve as a tool for you, the translator. Nothing more.)"
+msgid ""
+"English Term (Dear translator: This file will never be visible to the user!)"
+msgstr "Термин"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "amend"
+msgstr "поправям"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "annotate"
+msgstr "анотирам"
+
+#. "A 'branch' is an active line of development."
+msgid "branch [noun]"
+msgstr "клон, разклонение [съществително]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "branch [verb]"
+msgstr "разклонявам [глагол]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "checkout [noun]"
+msgstr "изтегляне [съществително]"
+
+#. "The action of updating the working tree to a revision which was stored in the object database."
+msgid "checkout [verb]"
+msgstr "изтегляне [глагол]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "clone [verb]"
+msgstr "клонирам [глагол]"
+
+#. "A single point in the git history."
+msgid "commit [noun]"
+msgstr "подаване [съществително]"
+
+#. "The action of storing a new snapshot of the project's state in the git history."
+msgid "commit [verb]"
+msgstr "подавам [съществително]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "diff [noun]"
+msgstr "разлика/промени [съществително]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "diff [verb]"
+msgstr "изчислявам разлика/промени [глагол]"
+
+#. "A fast-forward is a special type of merge where you have a revision and you are merging another branch's changes that happen to be a descendant of what you have."
+msgid "fast forward merge"
+msgstr "превъртащо/директно/тривиално сливане"
+
+#. "Fetching a branch means to get the branch's head from a remote repository, to find out which objects are missing from the local object database, and to get them, too."
+msgid "fetch"
+msgstr "доставяне"
+
+#. "One context of consecutive lines in a whole patch, which consists of many such hunks"
+msgid "hunk"
+msgstr "парче"
+
+#. "A collection of files. The index is a stored version of your working tree."
+msgid "index (in git-gui: staging area)"
+msgstr "скеле/индекс/изба"
+
+#. "A successful merge results in the creation of a new commit representing the result of the merge."
+msgid "merge [noun]"
+msgstr "сливане/обединяване [съществително]"
+
+#. "To bring the contents of another branch into the current branch."
+msgid "merge [verb]"
+msgstr "сливам/обединявам [глагол]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "съобщение"
+
+#. "Deletes all stale tracking branches under <name>. These stale branches have already been removed from the remote repository referenced by <name>, but are still locally available in 'remotes/<name>'."
+msgid "prune"
+msgstr "окастрям"
+
+#. "Pulling a branch means to fetch it and merge it."
+msgid "pull"
+msgstr "издърпвам"
+
+#. "Pushing a branch means to get the branch's head ref from a remote repository, and ... (well, can someone please explain it for mere mortals?)"
+msgid "push"
+msgstr "изтласквам"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "redo"
+msgstr "повтарям/правя наново"
+
+#. "An other repository ('remote'). One might have a set of remotes whose branches one tracks."
+msgid "remote"
+msgstr "отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#. "A collection of refs (?) together with an object database containing all objects which are reachable from the refs... (oops, you've lost me here. Again, please an explanation for mere mortals?)"
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "хранилище"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "reset"
+msgstr "занулявам/отменям"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "revert"
+msgstr "връщам/отменям"
+
+#. "A particular state of files and directories which was stored in the object database."
+msgid "revision"
+msgstr "версия"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "sign off"
+msgstr "подписвам"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "staging area"
+msgstr "скеле/индекс/изба"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "status"
+msgstr "състояние"
+
+#. "A ref pointing to a tag or commit object"
+msgid "tag [noun]"
+msgstr "етикет [съществително]"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "tag [verb]"
+msgstr "задавам етикет [глагол]"
+
+#. "A regular git branch that is used to follow changes from another repository."
+msgid "tracking branch"
+msgstr "следящ клон"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "undo"
+msgstr "отменям"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "update"
+msgstr "обновявам"
+
+#. ""
+msgid "verify"
+msgstr "проверявам"
+
+#. "The tree of actual checked out files."
+msgid "working copy, working tree"
+msgstr "работно копие/работно дърво"
+
+#. "a commit that succeeds the current one in git's graph of commits (not necessarily directly)"
+msgid "ancestor"
+msgstr "предшественик"
+
+#. "prematurely stop and abandon an operation"
+msgid "abort"
+msgstr "преустановявам"
+
+#. "a repository with only .git directory, without working directory"
+msgid "bare repository"
+msgstr "голо хранилище"
+
+#. "a parent version of the current file"
+msgid "base"
+msgstr "родителска версия"
+
+#. "get the authors responsible for each line in a file"
+msgid "blame"
+msgstr "анотирам/анотиране"
+
+#. "to select and apply a single commit without merging"
+msgid "cherry-pick"
+msgstr "отбирам"
+
+#. "a commit that directly succeeds the current one in git's graph of commits"
+msgid "child"
+msgstr "дете"
+
+#. "clean the state of the git repository, often after manually stopped operation"
+msgid "cleanup"
+msgstr "зачиствам"
+
+#. "a message that gets attached with any commit"
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "съобщение при подаване"
+
+#. "a commit that precedes the current one in git's graph of commits (not necessarily directly)"
+msgid "descendant"
+msgstr "наследник"
+
+#. "checkout of a revision rather than a some head"
+msgid "detached checkout"
+msgstr "несвързано изтегляне"
+
+#. "any merge strategy that works on a file by file basis"
+msgid "file level merging"
+msgstr "пофайлово сливане"
+
+#. "the last revision in a branch"
+msgid "head"
+msgstr "глава/връх (на клон, разработка)"
+
+#. "script that gets executed automatically on some event"
+msgid "hook"
+msgstr "кука/автоматичен скрипт"
+
+#. "the first checkout during a clone operation"
+msgid "initial checkout"
+msgstr "първоначално изтегляне"
+
+#. "a branch that resides in the local git repository"
+msgid "local branch"
+msgstr "локален клон"
+
+#. "a Git object that is not part of any pack"
+msgid "loose object"
+msgstr "непакетиран обект"
+
+#. "a branch called by convention 'master' that exists in a newly created git repository"
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "основен клон"
+
+#. "a remote called by convention 'origin' that the current git repository has been cloned from"
+msgid "origin"
+msgstr "хранилище-източник"
+
+#. "a file containing many git objects packed together"
+msgid "pack [noun]"
+msgstr "етикет"
+
+#. "a Git object part of some pack"
+msgid "packed object"
+msgstr "пакетиран обект"
+
+#. "a commit that directly precedes the current one in git's graph of commits"
+msgid "parent"
+msgstr "родител"
+
+#. "the log file containing all states of the HEAD reference (in other words past pristine states of the working copy)"
+msgid "reflog"
+msgstr "журнал на указателите"
+
+#. "decide which changes from alternative versions of a file should persist in Git"
+msgid "resolve (a conflict)"
+msgstr "коригирам (конфликт)"
+
+#. "abandon changes and go to pristine version"
+msgid "revert changes"
+msgstr "връщане на оригинала"
+
+#. "expression that signifies a revision in git"
+msgid "revision expression"
+msgstr "израз за версия"
+
+#. "add some content of files and directories to the staging area in preparation for a commit"
+msgid "stage/unstage"
+msgstr "(добавяне) към скелето за подаване/изваждане от скелето за подаване"
+
+#. "temporarily save changes in a stack without committing"
+msgid "stash"
+msgstr "скатавам промени"
+
+#. "file whose content is tracked/not tracked by git"
+msgid "tracked/untracked"
+msgstr "следен/неследен"
diff --git a/git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt b/git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt
index 9b31f69152..409304692d 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt
+++ b/git-gui/po/glossary/git-gui-glossary.txt
@@ -36,3 +36,32 @@
 "update"	""
 "verify"	""
 "working copy, working tree"	"The tree of actual checked out files."
+"ancestor"	"a commit that succeeds the current one in git's graph of commits (not necessarily directly)"
+"abort"	"prematurely stop and abandon an operation"
+"bare repository"	"a repository with only .git directory, without working directory"
+"base"	"a parent version of the current file"
+"blame"	"get the authors responsible for each line in a file"
+"cherry-pick"	"to select and apply a single commit without merging"
+"child"	"a commit that directly succeeds the current one in git's graph of commits"
+"cleanup"	"clean the state of the git repository, often after manually stopped operation"
+"commit message"	"a message that gets attached with any commit"
+"descendant"	"a commit that precedes the current one in git's graph of commits (not necessarily directly)"
+"detached checkout"	"checkout of a revision rather than a some head"
+"file level merging"	"any merge strategy that works on a file by file basis"
+"head"	"the last revision in a branch"
+"hook"	"script that gets executed automatically on some event"
+"initial checkout"	"the first checkout during a clone operation"
+"local branch"	"a branch that resides in the local git repository"
+"loose object"	"a Git object that is not part of any pack"
+"master branch"	"a branch called by convention 'master' that exists in a newly created git repository"
+"origin"	"a remote called by convention 'origin' that the current git repository has been cloned from"
+"pack [noun]"	"a file containing many git objects packed together"
+"packed object"	"a Git object part of some pack"
+"parent"	"a commit that directly precedes the current one in git's graph of commits"
+"reflog"	"the log file containing all states of the HEAD reference (in other words past pristine states of the working copy)"
+"resolve (a conflict)"	"decide which changes from alternative versions of a file should persist in Git"
+"revert changes"	"abandon changes and go to pristine version"
+"revision expression"	"expression that signifies a revision in git"
+"stage/unstage"	"add some content of files and directories to the staging area in preparation for a commit"
+"stash"	"temporarily save changes in a stack without committing"
+"tracked/untracked"	"file whose content is tracked/not tracked by git"
diff --git a/git-gui/po/hu.po b/git-gui/po/hu.po
index 0f87bc1cbe..d106dadac8 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/hu.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/hu.po
@@ -2354,7 +2354,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "A generálás nem sikerült."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "A generálás sikeres, de egy kulcs se található."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/it.po b/git-gui/po/it.po
index aa15a204d8..1bd8b8e04f 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/it.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/it.po
@@ -2397,7 +2397,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "Errore durante la creazione della chiave."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "La chiave è stata creata con successo, ma non è stata trovata."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/ja.po b/git-gui/po/ja.po
index 15017985e5..9aff249d5f 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/ja.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/ja.po
@@ -2362,7 +2362,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "生成に失敗しました。"
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "生成には成功しましたが、鍵が見つかりません。"
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/nb.po b/git-gui/po/nb.po
index 6de93c28c2..d66aa50263 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/nb.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/nb.po
@@ -2286,7 +2286,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "Generering feilet."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Generering vellykket, men ingen nøkler er funnet."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/po2msg.sh b/git-gui/po/po2msg.sh
index 1e9f992528..1e9f992528 100644..100755
--- a/git-gui/po/po2msg.sh
+++ b/git-gui/po/po2msg.sh
diff --git a/git-gui/po/pt_br.po b/git-gui/po/pt_br.po
index b175b9791e..bad116c780 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/pt_br.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/pt_br.po
@@ -2375,7 +2375,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "A geração da chave falhou."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "A geração da chave foi bem-sucedida, mas nenhuma chave foi encontrada."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/ru.po b/git-gui/po/ru.po
index 30f4b77dac..ca4343b40c 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/ru.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/ru.po
@@ -2370,7 +2370,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "Ключ не создан."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:118
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Создание ключа завершилось, но результат не был найден"
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:121
diff --git a/git-gui/po/sv.po b/git-gui/po/sv.po
index 24cc4e3675..fcb063ffa6 100644
--- a/git-gui/po/sv.po
+++ b/git-gui/po/sv.po
@@ -2382,7 +2382,7 @@ msgid "Generation failed."
 msgstr "Misslyckades med att skapa."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:120
-msgid "Generation succeded, but no keys found."
+msgid "Generation succeeded, but no keys found."
 msgstr "Lyckades skapa nyckeln, men hittar inte någon nyckel."
 
 #: lib/sshkey.tcl:123
diff --git a/git-gui/windows/git-gui.sh b/git-gui/windows/git-gui.sh
index b1845c5055..b1845c5055 100644..100755
--- a/git-gui/windows/git-gui.sh
+++ b/git-gui/windows/git-gui.sh
diff --git a/git-instaweb.sh b/git-instaweb.sh
index 01a1b05e6b..47e38f34c3 100755
--- a/git-instaweb.sh
+++ b/git-instaweb.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 PERL='@@PERL@@'
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
 git instaweb [options] (--start | --stop | --restart)
 --
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ start          start the web server
 restart        restart the web server
 "
 
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 . git-sh-setup
 
 fqgitdir="$GIT_DIR"
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@ webrick_conf () {
 	# actual gitweb.cgi using a shell script to force it
   wrapper="$fqgitdir/gitweb/$httpd/wrapper.sh"
 	cat > "$wrapper" <<EOF
-#!/bin/sh
+#!@SHELL_PATH@
 # we use this shell script wrapper around the real gitweb.cgi since
 # there appears to be no other way to pass arbitrary environment variables
 # into the CGI process
@@ -344,7 +346,17 @@ PidFile "$fqgitdir/pid"
 Listen $bind$port
 EOF
 
-	for mod in mime dir env log_config
+	for mod in mpm_event mpm_prefork mpm_worker
+	do
+		if test -e $module_path/mod_${mod}.so
+		then
+			echo "LoadModule ${mod}_module " \
+			     "$module_path/mod_${mod}.so" >> "$conf"
+			# only one mpm module permitted
+			break
+		fi
+	done
+	for mod in mime dir env log_config authz_core
 	do
 		if test -e $module_path/mod_${mod}.so
 		then
@@ -581,7 +593,7 @@ EOF
 
 gitweb_conf() {
 	cat > "$fqgitdir/gitweb/gitweb_config.perl" <<EOF
-#!/usr/bin/perl
+#!@@PERL@@
 our \$projectroot = "$(dirname "$fqgitdir")";
 our \$git_temp = "$fqgitdir/gitweb/tmp";
 our \$projects_list = \$projectroot;
diff --git a/git-lost-found.sh b/git-lost-found.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 0b3e8c7a86..0000000000
--- a/git-lost-found.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-USAGE=''
-SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
-OPTIONS_SPEC=
-. git-sh-setup
-
-echo "WARNING: '$0' is deprecated in favor of 'git fsck --lost-found'" >&2
-
-if [ "$#" != "0" ]
-then
-    usage
-fi
-
-laf="$GIT_DIR/lost-found"
-rm -fr "$laf" && mkdir -p "$laf/commit" "$laf/other" || exit
-
-git fsck --full --no-reflogs |
-while read dangling type sha1
-do
-	case "$dangling" in
-	dangling)
-		if git rev-parse -q --verify "$sha1^0" >/dev/null
-		then
-			dir="$laf/commit"
-			git show-branch "$sha1"
-		else
-			dir="$laf/other"
-		fi
-		echo "$sha1" >"$dir/$sha1"
-		;;
-	esac
-done
diff --git a/git-merge-one-file.sh b/git-merge-one-file.sh
index f612cb847a..07dfeb8df4 100755
--- a/git-merge-one-file.sh
+++ b/git-merge-one-file.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 USAGE='<orig blob> <our blob> <their blob> <path>'
 USAGE="$USAGE <orig mode> <our mode> <their mode>"
-LONG_USAGE="Usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
+LONG_USAGE="usage: git merge-one-file $USAGE
 
 Blob ids and modes should be empty for missing files."
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 cd_to_toplevel
 require_work_tree
 
-if ! test "$#" -eq 7
+if test $# != 7
 then
 	echo "$LONG_USAGE"
 	exit 1
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 # Deleted in both or deleted in one and unchanged in the other
 #
 "$1.." | "$1.$1" | "$1$1.")
-	if [ "$2" ]; then
+	if test -n "$2"
+	then
 		echo "Removing $4"
 	else
 		# read-tree checked that index matches HEAD already,
@@ -48,7 +49,8 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 		# we do not have it in the index, though.
 		exec git update-index --remove -- "$4"
 	fi
-	if test -f "$4"; then
+	if test -f "$4"
+	then
 		rm -f -- "$4" &&
 		rmdir -p "$(expr "z$4" : 'z\(.*\)/')" 2>/dev/null || :
 	fi &&
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 	echo "Adding $4"
 	if test -f "$4"
 	then
-		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge."
+		echo "ERROR: untracked $4 is overwritten by the merge." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	git update-index --add --cacheinfo "$7" "$3" "$4" &&
@@ -78,9 +80,10 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 # Added in both, identically (check for same permissions).
 #
 ".$3$2")
-	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
-		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches,"
-		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7."
+	if test "$6" != "$7"
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: File $4 added identically in both branches," >&2
+		echo "ERROR: but permissions conflict $6->$7." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	echo "Adding $4"
@@ -95,44 +98,36 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 
 	case ",$6,$7," in
 	*,120000,*)
-		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes."
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging symbolic link changes." >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	*,160000,*)
-		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes."
+		echo "ERROR: $4: Not merging conflicting submodule changes." >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	src2=`git-unpack-file $3`
+	src1=$(git-unpack-file $2)
+	src2=$(git-unpack-file $3)
 	case "$1" in
 	'')
 		echo "Added $4 in both, but differently."
-		# This extracts OUR file in $orig, and uses git apply to
-		# remove lines that are unique to ours.
-		orig=`git-unpack-file $2`
-		sz0=`wc -c <"$orig"`
-		@@DIFF@@ -u -La/$orig -Lb/$orig $orig $src2 | git apply --no-add
-		sz1=`wc -c <"$orig"`
-
-		# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
-		# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
-		expr $sz0 \< $sz1 \* 2 >/dev/null || : >$orig
+		orig=$(git-unpack-file $2)
+		create_virtual_base "$orig" "$src2"
 		;;
 	*)
 		echo "Auto-merging $4"
-		orig=`git-unpack-file $1`
+		orig=$(git-unpack-file $1)
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	# Be careful for funny filename such as "-L" in "$4", which
-	# would confuse "merge" greatly.
-	src1=`git-unpack-file $2`
 	git merge-file "$src1" "$orig" "$src2"
 	ret=$?
 	msg=
-	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
+	if test $ret != 0 || test -z "$1"
+	then
 		msg='content conflict'
+		ret=1
 	fi
 
 	# Create the working tree file, using "our tree" version from the
@@ -140,26 +135,26 @@ case "${1:-.}${2:-.}${3:-.}" in
 	git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$4" && cat "$src1" >"$4" || exit 1
 	rm -f -- "$orig" "$src1" "$src2"
 
-	if [ "$6" != "$7" ]; then
-		if [ -n "$msg" ]; then
+	if test "$6" != "$7"
+	then
+		if test -n "$msg"
+		then
 			msg="$msg, "
 		fi
 		msg="${msg}permissions conflict: $5->$6,$7"
 		ret=1
 	fi
-	if [ "$1" = '' ]; then
-		ret=1
-	fi
 
-	if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
-		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4"
+	if test $ret != 0
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: $msg in $4" >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 	exec git update-index -- "$4"
 	;;
 
 *)
-	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3"
+	echo "ERROR: $4: Not handling case $1 -> $2 -> $3" >&2
 	;;
 esac
 exit 1
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.sh b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
index ed630b208a..fe61e89f31 100644
--- a/git-mergetool--lib.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool--lib.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,82 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# git-mergetool--lib is a library for common merge tool functions
+# git-mergetool--lib is a shell library for common merge tool functions
+
+: ${MERGE_TOOLS_DIR=$(git --exec-path)/mergetools}
+
+mode_ok () {
+	if diff_mode
+	then
+		can_diff
+	elif merge_mode
+	then
+		can_merge
+	else
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+is_available () {
+	merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$1") &&
+	type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+list_config_tools () {
+	section=$1
+	line_prefix=${2:-}
+
+	git config --get-regexp $section'\..*\.cmd' |
+	while read -r key value
+	do
+		toolname=${key#$section.}
+		toolname=${toolname%.cmd}
+
+		printf "%s%s\n" "$line_prefix" "$toolname"
+	done
+}
+
+show_tool_names () {
+	condition=${1:-true} per_line_prefix=${2:-} preamble=${3:-}
+	not_found_msg=${4:-}
+	extra_content=${5:-}
+
+	shown_any=
+	( cd "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR" && ls ) | {
+		while read toolname
+		do
+			if setup_tool "$toolname" 2>/dev/null &&
+				(eval "$condition" "$toolname")
+			then
+				if test -n "$preamble"
+				then
+					printf "%s\n" "$preamble"
+					preamble=
+				fi
+				shown_any=yes
+				printf "%s%s\n" "$per_line_prefix" "$toolname"
+			fi
+		done
+
+		if test -n "$extra_content"
+		then
+			if test -n "$preamble"
+			then
+				# Note: no '\n' here since we don't want a
+				# blank line if there is no initial content.
+				printf "%s" "$preamble"
+				preamble=
+			fi
+			shown_any=yes
+			printf "\n%s\n" "$extra_content"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$preamble" && test -n "$not_found_msg"
+		then
+			printf "%s\n" "$not_found_msg"
+		fi
+
+		test -n "$shown_any"
+	}
+}
+
 diff_mode() {
 	test "$TOOL_MODE" = diff
 }
@@ -15,7 +92,7 @@ translate_merge_tool_path () {
 check_unchanged () {
 	if test "$MERGED" -nt "$BACKUP"
 	then
-		status=0
+		return 0
 	else
 		while true
 		do
@@ -23,68 +100,97 @@ check_unchanged () {
 			printf "Was the merge successful? [y/n] "
 			read answer || return 1
 			case "$answer" in
-			y*|Y*) status=0; break ;;
-			n*|N*) status=1; break ;;
+			y*|Y*) return 0 ;;
+			n*|N*) return 1 ;;
 			esac
 		done
 	fi
 }
 
-valid_tool_config () {
-	if test -n "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	then
-		return 0
-	else
-		return 1
-	fi
+valid_tool () {
+	setup_tool "$1" && return 0
+	cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")
+	test -n "$cmd"
 }
 
-valid_tool () {
-	setup_tool "$1" || valid_tool_config "$1"
+setup_user_tool () {
+	merge_tool_cmd=$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$tool")
+	test -n "$merge_tool_cmd" || return 1
+
+	diff_cmd () {
+		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+	}
+
+	merge_cmd () {
+		trust_exit_code=$(git config --bool \
+			"mergetool.$1.trustExitCode" || echo false)
+		if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"
+		then
+			touch "$BACKUP"
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+			check_unchanged
+		else
+			( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
+		fi
+	}
 }
 
 setup_tool () {
-	case "$1" in
-	vim*|gvim*)
-		tool=vim
-		;;
-	*)
-		tool="$1"
-		;;
-	esac
-	mergetools="$(git --exec-path)/mergetools"
+	tool="$1"
 
-	# Load the default definitions
-	. "$mergetools/defaults"
-	if ! test -f "$mergetools/$tool"
-	then
+	# Fallback definitions, to be overridden by tools.
+	can_merge () {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	can_diff () {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	diff_cmd () {
 		return 1
+	}
+
+	merge_cmd () {
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	translate_merge_tool_path () {
+		echo "$1"
+	}
+
+	if ! test -f "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
+	then
+		setup_user_tool
+		return $?
 	fi
 
 	# Load the redefined functions
-	. "$mergetools/$tool"
+	. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/$tool"
+	# Now let the user override the default command for the tool.  If
+	# they have not done so then this will return 1 which we ignore.
+	setup_user_tool
 
 	if merge_mode && ! can_merge
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can not be used to resolve merges" >&2
-		exit 1
+		return 1
 	elif diff_mode && ! can_diff
 	then
 		echo "error: '$tool' can only be used to resolve merges" >&2
-		exit 1
+		return 1
 	fi
 	return 0
 }
 
 get_merge_tool_cmd () {
-	# Prints the custom command for a merge tool
 	merge_tool="$1"
 	if diff_mode
 	then
-		echo "$(git config difftool.$merge_tool.cmd ||
-			git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+		git config "difftool.$merge_tool.cmd" ||
+		git config "mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd"
 	else
-		echo "$(git config mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd)"
+		git config "mergetool.$merge_tool.cmd"
 	fi
 }
 
@@ -95,23 +201,31 @@ run_merge_tool () {
 	GIT_PREFIX=${GIT_PREFIX:-.}
 	export GIT_PREFIX
 
-	merge_tool_path="$(get_merge_tool_path "$1")" || exit
+	merge_tool_path=$(get_merge_tool_path "$1") || exit
 	base_present="$2"
-	status=0
 
 	# Bring tool-specific functions into scope
-	setup_tool "$1"
+	setup_tool "$1" || return 1
 
 	if merge_mode
 	then
-		merge_cmd "$1"
+		run_merge_cmd "$1"
 	else
-		diff_cmd "$1"
+		run_diff_cmd "$1"
 	fi
-	return $status
 }
 
-guess_merge_tool () {
+# Run a either a configured or built-in diff tool
+run_diff_cmd () {
+	diff_cmd "$1"
+}
+
+# Run a either a configured or built-in merge tool
+run_merge_cmd () {
+	merge_cmd "$1"
+}
+
+list_merge_tool_candidates () {
 	if merge_mode
 	then
 		tools="tortoisemerge"
@@ -126,7 +240,8 @@ guess_merge_tool () {
 		else
 			tools="opendiff kdiff3 tkdiff xxdiff meld $tools"
 		fi
-		tools="$tools gvimdiff diffuse ecmerge p4merge araxis bc3"
+		tools="$tools gvimdiff diffuse diffmerge ecmerge"
+		tools="$tools p4merge araxis bc codecompare"
 	fi
 	case "${VISUAL:-$EDITOR}" in
 	*vim*)
@@ -136,20 +251,63 @@ guess_merge_tool () {
 		tools="$tools emerge vimdiff"
 		;;
 	esac
-	echo >&2 "merge tool candidates: $tools"
+}
+
+show_tool_help () {
+	tool_opt="'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool --tool=<tool>'"
+
+	tab='	'
+	LF='
+'
+	any_shown=no
+
+	cmd_name=${TOOL_MODE}tool
+	config_tools=$({
+		diff_mode && list_config_tools difftool "$tab$tab"
+		list_config_tools mergetool "$tab$tab"
+	} | sort)
+	extra_content=
+	if test -n "$config_tools"
+	then
+		extra_content="${tab}user-defined:${LF}$config_tools"
+	fi
+
+	show_tool_names 'mode_ok && is_available' "$tab$tab" \
+		"$tool_opt may be set to one of the following:" \
+		"No suitable tool for 'git $cmd_name --tool=<tool>' found." \
+		"$extra_content" &&
+		any_shown=yes
+
+	show_tool_names 'mode_ok && ! is_available' "$tab$tab" \
+		"${LF}The following tools are valid, but not currently available:" &&
+		any_shown=yes
+
+	if test "$any_shown" = yes
+	then
+		echo
+		echo "Some of the tools listed above only work in a windowed"
+		echo "environment. If run in a terminal-only session, they will fail."
+	fi
+	exit 0
+}
+
+guess_merge_tool () {
+	list_merge_tool_candidates
+	cat >&2 <<-EOF
+
+	This message is displayed because '$TOOL_MODE.tool' is not configured.
+	See 'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool --tool-help' or 'git help config' for more details.
+	'git ${TOOL_MODE}tool' will now attempt to use one of the following tools:
+	$tools
+	EOF
 
 	# Loop over each candidate and stop when a valid merge tool is found.
-	for i in $tools
+	for tool in $tools
 	do
-		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$i")"
-		if type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
-		then
-			echo "$i"
-			return 0
-		fi
+		is_available "$tool" && echo "$tool" && return 0
 	done
 
-	echo >&2 "No known merge resolution program available."
+	echo >&2 "No known ${TOOL_MODE} tool is available."
 	return 1
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +346,7 @@ get_merge_tool_path () {
 	fi
 	if test -z "$merge_tool_path"
 	then
-		merge_tool_path="$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")"
+		merge_tool_path=$(translate_merge_tool_path "$merge_tool")
 	fi
 	if test -z "$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$merge_tool")" &&
 		! type "$merge_tool_path" >/dev/null 2>&1
@@ -202,11 +360,11 @@ get_merge_tool_path () {
 
 get_merge_tool () {
 	# Check if a merge tool has been configured
-	merge_tool="$(get_configured_merge_tool)"
+	merge_tool=$(get_configured_merge_tool)
 	# Try to guess an appropriate merge tool if no tool has been set.
 	if test -z "$merge_tool"
 	then
-		merge_tool="$(guess_merge_tool)" || exit
+		merge_tool=$(guess_merge_tool) || exit
 	fi
 	echo "$merge_tool"
 }
diff --git a/git-mergetool.sh b/git-mergetool.sh
index a9f23f7fcd..d20581c15c 100755
--- a/git-mergetool.sh
+++ b/git-mergetool.sh
@@ -8,380 +8,460 @@
 # at the discretion of Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-USAGE='[--tool=tool] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [file to merge] ...'
+USAGE='[--tool=tool] [--tool-help] [-y|--no-prompt|--prompt] [file to merge] ...'
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
+NONGIT_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
 TOOL_MODE=merge
 . git-sh-setup
 . git-mergetool--lib
-require_work_tree
 
 # Returns true if the mode reflects a symlink
 is_symlink () {
-    test "$1" = 120000
+	test "$1" = 120000
 }
 
 is_submodule () {
-    test "$1" = 160000
+	test "$1" = 160000
 }
 
 local_present () {
-    test -n "$local_mode"
+	test -n "$local_mode"
 }
 
 remote_present () {
-    test -n "$remote_mode"
+	test -n "$remote_mode"
 }
 
 base_present () {
-    test -n "$base_mode"
+	test -n "$base_mode"
+}
+
+mergetool_tmpdir_init () {
+	if test "$(git config --bool mergetool.writeToTemp)" != true
+	then
+		MERGETOOL_TMPDIR=.
+		return 0
+	fi
+	if MERGETOOL_TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d -t "git-mergetool-XXXXXX" 2>/dev/null)
+	then
+		return 0
+	fi
+	die "error: mktemp is needed when 'mergetool.writeToTemp' is true"
 }
 
 cleanup_temp_files () {
-    if test "$1" = --save-backup ; then
-	rm -rf -- "$MERGED.orig"
-	test -e "$BACKUP" && mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
-	rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE"
-    else
-	rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "$BACKUP"
-    fi
+	if test "$1" = --save-backup
+	then
+		rm -rf -- "$MERGED.orig"
+		test -e "$BACKUP" && mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
+		rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE"
+	else
+		rm -f -- "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "$BACKUP"
+	fi
+	if test "$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR" != "."
+	then
+		rmdir "$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR"
+	fi
 }
 
 describe_file () {
-    mode="$1"
-    branch="$2"
-    file="$3"
-
-    printf "  {%s}: " "$branch"
-    if test -z "$mode"; then
-	echo "deleted"
-    elif is_symlink "$mode" ; then
-	echo "a symbolic link -> '$(cat "$file")'"
-    elif is_submodule "$mode" ; then
-	echo "submodule commit $file"
-    else
-	if base_present; then
-	    echo "modified file"
+	mode="$1"
+	branch="$2"
+	file="$3"
+
+	printf "  {%s}: " "$branch"
+	if test -z "$mode"
+	then
+		echo "deleted"
+	elif is_symlink "$mode"
+	then
+		echo "a symbolic link -> '$(cat "$file")'"
+	elif is_submodule "$mode"
+	then
+		echo "submodule commit $file"
+	elif base_present
+	then
+		echo "modified file"
 	else
-	    echo "created file"
+		echo "created file"
 	fi
-    fi
 }
 
-
 resolve_symlink_merge () {
-    while true; do
-	printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-	    [lL]*)
-		git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
-		git add -- "$MERGED"
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [rR]*)
-		git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
-		git add -- "$MERGED"
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [aA]*)
-		return 1
-		;;
-	    esac
+	while true
+	do
+		printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[lL]*)
+			git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
+			git add -- "$MERGED"
+			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[rR]*)
+			git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
+			git add -- "$MERGED"
+			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[aA]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
 	done
 }
 
 resolve_deleted_merge () {
-    while true; do
-	if base_present; then
-	    printf "Use (m)odified or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
-	else
-	    printf "Use (c)reated or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
-	fi
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-	    [mMcC]*)
-		git add -- "$MERGED"
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [dD]*)
-		git rm -- "$MERGED" > /dev/null
-		cleanup_temp_files
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [aA]*)
-		return 1
-		;;
-	    esac
+	while true
+	do
+		if base_present
+		then
+			printf "Use (m)odified or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
+		else
+			printf "Use (c)reated or (d)eleted file, or (a)bort? "
+		fi
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[mMcC]*)
+			git add -- "$MERGED"
+			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[dD]*)
+			git rm -- "$MERGED" > /dev/null
+			cleanup_temp_files
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[aA]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
 	done
 }
 
 resolve_submodule_merge () {
-    while true; do
-	printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-	    [lL]*)
-		if ! local_present; then
-		    if test -n "$(git ls-tree HEAD -- "$MERGED")"; then
-			# Local isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
-			git ls-tree --full-name -r HEAD -- "$MERGED" | git update-index --index-info || exit $?
-		    else
-			test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-			git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
+	while true
+	do
+		printf "Use (l)ocal or (r)emote, or (a)bort? "
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[lL]*)
+			if ! local_present
+			then
+				if test -n "$(git ls-tree HEAD -- "$MERGED")"
+				then
+					# Local isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
+					git ls-tree --full-name -r HEAD -- "$MERGED" |
+					git update-index --index-info || exit $?
+				else
+					test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+					git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
+					cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
+				fi
+			elif is_submodule "$local_mode"
+			then
+				stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$local_sha1"
+			else
+				git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
+				git add -- "$MERGED"
+			fi
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[rR]*)
+			if ! remote_present
+			then
+				if test -n "$(git ls-tree MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED")"
+				then
+					# Remote isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
+					git ls-tree --full-name -r MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED" |
+					git update-index --index-info || exit $?
+				else
+					test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+					git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
+				fi
+			elif is_submodule "$remote_mode"
+			then
+				! is_submodule "$local_mode" &&
+				test -e "$MERGED" &&
+				mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+				stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$remote_sha1"
+			else
+				test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+				git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
+				git add -- "$MERGED"
+			fi
 			cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		    fi
-		elif is_submodule "$local_mode"; then
-		    stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$local_sha1"
-		else
-		    git checkout-index -f --stage=2 -- "$MERGED"
-		    git add -- "$MERGED"
-		fi
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [rR]*)
-		if ! remote_present; then
-		    if test -n "$(git ls-tree MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED")"; then
-			# Remote isn't present, but it's a subdirectory
-			git ls-tree --full-name -r MERGE_HEAD -- "$MERGED" | git update-index --index-info || exit $?
-		    else
-			test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-			git update-index --force-remove "$MERGED"
-		    fi
-		elif is_submodule "$remote_mode"; then
-		    ! is_submodule "$local_mode" && test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-		    stage_submodule "$MERGED" "$remote_sha1"
-		else
-		    test -e "$MERGED" && mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-		    git checkout-index -f --stage=3 -- "$MERGED"
-		    git add -- "$MERGED"
-		fi
-		cleanup_temp_files --save-backup
-		return 0
-		;;
-	    [aA]*)
-		return 1
-		;;
-	    esac
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[aA]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
 	done
 }
 
 stage_submodule () {
-    path="$1"
-    submodule_sha1="$2"
-    mkdir -p "$path" || die "fatal: unable to create directory for module at $path"
-    # Find $path relative to work tree
-    work_tree_root=$(cd_to_toplevel && pwd)
-    work_rel_path=$(cd "$path" && GIT_WORK_TREE="${work_tree_root}" git rev-parse --show-prefix)
-    test -n "$work_rel_path" || die "fatal: unable to get path of module $path relative to work tree"
-    git update-index --add --replace --cacheinfo 160000 "$submodule_sha1" "${work_rel_path%/}" || die
+	path="$1"
+	submodule_sha1="$2"
+	mkdir -p "$path" ||
+	die "fatal: unable to create directory for module at $path"
+	# Find $path relative to work tree
+	work_tree_root=$(cd_to_toplevel && pwd)
+	work_rel_path=$(cd "$path" &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="${work_tree_root}" git rev-parse --show-prefix
+	)
+	test -n "$work_rel_path" ||
+	die "fatal: unable to get path of module $path relative to work tree"
+	git update-index --add --replace --cacheinfo 160000 "$submodule_sha1" "${work_rel_path%/}" || die
 }
 
 checkout_staged_file () {
-    tmpfile=$(expr \
-	    "$(git checkout-index --temp --stage="$1" "$2" 2>/dev/null)" \
-	    : '\([^	]*\)	')
-
-    if test $? -eq 0 -a -n "$tmpfile" ; then
-	mv -- "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)$tmpfile" "$3"
-    else
-	>"$3"
-    fi
+	tmpfile=$(expr \
+		"$(git checkout-index --temp --stage="$1" "$2" 2>/dev/null)" \
+		: '\([^	]*\)	')
+
+	if test $? -eq 0 && test -n "$tmpfile"
+	then
+		mv -- "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)$tmpfile" "$3"
+	else
+		>"$3"
+	fi
 }
 
 merge_file () {
-    MERGED="$1"
+	MERGED="$1"
+
+	f=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED")
+	if test -z "$f"
+	then
+		if test ! -f "$MERGED"
+		then
+			echo "$MERGED: file not found"
+		else
+			echo "$MERGED: file does not need merging"
+		fi
+		return 1
+	fi
 
-    f=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED")
-    if test -z "$f" ; then
-	if test ! -f "$MERGED" ; then
-	    echo "$MERGED: file not found"
+	if BASE=$(expr "$MERGED" : '\(.*\)\.[^/]*$')
+	then
+		ext=$(expr "$MERGED" : '.*\(\.[^/]*\)$')
 	else
-	    echo "$MERGED: file does not need merging"
+		BASE=$MERGED
+		ext=
 	fi
-	return 1
-    fi
-
-    ext="$$$(expr "$MERGED" : '.*\(\.[^/]*\)$')"
-    BACKUP="./$MERGED.BACKUP.$ext"
-    LOCAL="./$MERGED.LOCAL.$ext"
-    REMOTE="./$MERGED.REMOTE.$ext"
-    BASE="./$MERGED.BASE.$ext"
-
-    base_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==1) print $1;}')
-    local_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $1;}')
-    remote_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $1;}')
-
-    if is_submodule "$local_mode" || is_submodule "$remote_mode"; then
-	echo "Submodule merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
-	local_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $2;}')
-	remote_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $2;}')
-	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$local_sha1"
-	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$remote_sha1"
-	resolve_submodule_merge
-	return
-    fi
-
-    mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
-    cp -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
-
-    checkout_staged_file 1 "$MERGED" "$BASE"
-    checkout_staged_file 2 "$MERGED" "$LOCAL"
-    checkout_staged_file 3 "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
-
-    if test -z "$local_mode" -o -z "$remote_mode"; then
-	echo "Deleted merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
-	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
-	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
-	resolve_deleted_merge
-	return
-    fi
 
-    if is_symlink "$local_mode" || is_symlink "$remote_mode"; then
-	echo "Symbolic link merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+	mergetool_tmpdir_init
+
+	if test "$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR" != "."
+	then
+		# If we're using a temporary directory then write to the
+		# top-level of that directory.
+		BASE=${BASE##*/}
+	fi
+
+	BACKUP="$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR/${BASE}_BACKUP_$$$ext"
+	LOCAL="$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR/${BASE}_LOCAL_$$$ext"
+	REMOTE="$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR/${BASE}_REMOTE_$$$ext"
+	BASE="$MERGETOOL_TMPDIR/${BASE}_BASE_$$$ext"
+
+	base_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==1) print $1;}')
+	local_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $1;}')
+	remote_mode=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $1;}')
+
+	if is_submodule "$local_mode" || is_submodule "$remote_mode"
+	then
+		echo "Submodule merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+		local_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==2) print $2;}')
+		remote_sha1=$(git ls-files -u -- "$MERGED" | awk '{if ($3==3) print $2;}')
+		describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$local_sha1"
+		describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$remote_sha1"
+		resolve_submodule_merge
+		return
+	fi
+
+	mv -- "$MERGED" "$BACKUP"
+	cp -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
+
+	checkout_staged_file 1 "$MERGED" "$BASE"
+	checkout_staged_file 2 "$MERGED" "$LOCAL"
+	checkout_staged_file 3 "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
+
+	if test -z "$local_mode" || test -z "$remote_mode"
+	then
+		echo "Deleted merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+		describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
+		describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
+		resolve_deleted_merge
+		return
+	fi
+
+	if is_symlink "$local_mode" || is_symlink "$remote_mode"
+	then
+		echo "Symbolic link merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
+		describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
+		describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
+		resolve_symlink_merge
+		return
+	fi
+
+	echo "Normal merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
 	describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
 	describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
-	resolve_symlink_merge
-	return
-    fi
-
-    echo "Normal merge conflict for '$MERGED':"
-    describe_file "$local_mode" "local" "$LOCAL"
-    describe_file "$remote_mode" "remote" "$REMOTE"
-    if "$prompt" = true; then
-	printf "Hit return to start merge resolution tool (%s): " "$merge_tool"
-	read ans || return 1
-    fi
-
-    if base_present; then
-	    present=true
-    else
-	    present=false
-    fi
-
-    if ! run_merge_tool "$merge_tool" "$present"; then
-	echo "merge of $MERGED failed" 1>&2
-	mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
-
-	if test "$merge_keep_temporaries" = "false"; then
-	    cleanup_temp_files
+	if test "$guessed_merge_tool" = true || test "$prompt" = true
+	then
+		printf "Hit return to start merge resolution tool (%s): " "$merge_tool"
+		read ans || return 1
+	fi
+
+	if base_present
+	then
+		present=true
+	else
+		present=false
 	fi
 
-	return 1
-    fi
+	if ! run_merge_tool "$merge_tool" "$present"
+	then
+		echo "merge of $MERGED failed" 1>&2
+		mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED"
+
+		if test "$merge_keep_temporaries" = "false"
+		then
+			cleanup_temp_files
+		fi
 
-    if test "$merge_keep_backup" = "true"; then
-	mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
-    else
-	rm -- "$BACKUP"
-    fi
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	if test "$merge_keep_backup" = "true"
+	then
+		mv -- "$BACKUP" "$MERGED.orig"
+	else
+		rm -- "$BACKUP"
+	fi
 
-    git add -- "$MERGED"
-    cleanup_temp_files
-    return 0
+	git add -- "$MERGED"
+	cleanup_temp_files
+	return 0
 }
 
-prompt=$(git config --bool mergetool.prompt || echo true)
+prompt=$(git config --bool mergetool.prompt)
+guessed_merge_tool=false
 
 while test $# != 0
 do
-    case "$1" in
+	case "$1" in
+	--tool-help=*)
+		TOOL_MODE=${1#--tool-help=}
+		show_tool_help
+		;;
+	--tool-help)
+		show_tool_help
+		;;
 	-t|--tool*)
-	    case "$#,$1" in
+		case "$#,$1" in
 		*,*=*)
-		    merge_tool=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
-		    ;;
+			merge_tool=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+			;;
 		1,*)
-		    usage ;;
+			usage ;;
 		*)
-		    merge_tool="$2"
-		    shift ;;
-	    esac
-	    ;;
+			merge_tool="$2"
+			shift ;;
+		esac
+		;;
 	-y|--no-prompt)
-	    prompt=false
-	    ;;
+		prompt=false
+		;;
 	--prompt)
-	    prompt=true
-	    ;;
+		prompt=true
+		;;
 	--)
-	    shift
-	    break
-	    ;;
+		shift
+		break
+		;;
 	-*)
-	    usage
-	    ;;
-	*)
-	    break
-	    ;;
-    esac
-    shift
-done
-
-prompt_after_failed_merge() {
-    while true; do
-	printf "Continue merging other unresolved paths (y/n) ? "
-	read ans || return 1
-	case "$ans" in
-
-	    [yY]*)
-		return 0
+		usage
 		;;
-
-	    [nN]*)
-		return 1
+	*)
+		break
 		;;
 	esac
-    done
+	shift
+done
+
+prompt_after_failed_merge () {
+	while true
+	do
+		printf "Continue merging other unresolved paths (y/n) ? "
+		read ans || return 1
+		case "$ans" in
+		[yY]*)
+			return 0
+			;;
+		[nN]*)
+			return 1
+			;;
+		esac
+	done
 }
 
-if test -z "$merge_tool"; then
-    merge_tool=$(get_merge_tool "$merge_tool") || exit
+git_dir_init
+require_work_tree
+
+if test -z "$merge_tool"
+then
+	# Check if a merge tool has been configured
+	merge_tool=$(get_configured_merge_tool)
+	# Try to guess an appropriate merge tool if no tool has been set.
+	if test -z "$merge_tool"
+	then
+		merge_tool=$(guess_merge_tool) || exit
+		guessed_merge_tool=true
+	fi
 fi
 merge_keep_backup="$(git config --bool mergetool.keepBackup || echo true)"
 merge_keep_temporaries="$(git config --bool mergetool.keepTemporaries || echo false)"
 
-last_status=0
-rollup_status=0
 files=
 
-if test $# -eq 0 ; then
-    cd_to_toplevel
+if test $# -eq 0
+then
+	cd_to_toplevel
 
-    if test -e "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_RR"
-    then
-	files=$(git rerere remaining)
-    else
-	files=$(git ls-files -u | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
-    fi
+	if test -e "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_RR"
+	then
+		files=$(git rerere remaining)
+	else
+		files=$(git ls-files -u | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
+	fi
 else
-    files=$(git ls-files -u -- "$@" | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
+	files=$(git ls-files -u -- "$@" | sed -e 's/^[^	]*	//' | sort -u)
 fi
 
-if test -z "$files" ; then
-    echo "No files need merging"
-    exit 0
+if test -z "$files"
+then
+	echo "No files need merging"
+	exit 0
 fi
 
 printf "Merging:\n"
-printf "$files\n"
+printf "%s\n" "$files"
 
 IFS='
 '
+rc=0
 for i in $files
 do
-    if test $last_status -ne 0; then
-	prompt_after_failed_merge || exit 1
-    fi
-    printf "\n"
-    merge_file "$i"
-    last_status=$?
-    if test $last_status -ne 0; then
-	rollup_status=1
-    fi
+	printf "\n"
+	if ! merge_file "$i"
+	then
+		rc=1
+		prompt_after_failed_merge || exit 1
+	fi
 done
 
-exit $rollup_status
+exit $rc
diff --git a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4 b/git-p4.py
index c5362c4c11..549022e97c 100755
--- a/contrib/fast-import/git-p4
+++ b/git-p4.py
@@ -7,13 +7,41 @@
 #            2007 Trolltech ASA
 # License: MIT <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php>
 #
-
-import optparse, sys, os, marshal, subprocess, shelve
-import tempfile, getopt, os.path, time, platform
-import re, shutil
+import sys
+if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
+    # The limiter is the subprocess module
+    sys.stderr.write("git-p4: requires Python 2.4 or later.\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
+import os
+import optparse
+import marshal
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import time
+import platform
+import re
+import shutil
+import stat
+
+try:
+    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+except ImportError:
+    # from python2.7:subprocess.py
+    # Exception classes used by this module.
+    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
+        """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
+        a non-zero exit status.  The exit status will be stored in the
+        returncode attribute."""
+        def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
+            self.returncode = returncode
+            self.cmd = cmd
+        def __str__(self):
+            return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
 
 verbose = False
 
+# Only labels/tags matching this will be imported/exported
+defaultLabelRegexp = r'[a-zA-Z0-9_\-.]+$'
 
 def p4_build_cmd(cmd):
     """Build a suitable p4 command line.
@@ -51,12 +79,27 @@ def p4_build_cmd(cmd):
         real_cmd += cmd
     return real_cmd
 
-def chdir(dir):
-    # P4 uses the PWD environment variable rather than getcwd(). Since we're
-    # not using the shell, we have to set it ourselves.  This path could
-    # be relative, so go there first, then figure out where we ended up.
-    os.chdir(dir)
-    os.environ['PWD'] = os.getcwd()
+def chdir(path, is_client_path=False):
+    """Do chdir to the given path, and set the PWD environment
+       variable for use by P4.  It does not look at getcwd() output.
+       Since we're not using the shell, it is necessary to set the
+       PWD environment variable explicitly.
+
+       Normally, expand the path to force it to be absolute.  This
+       addresses the use of relative path names inside P4 settings,
+       e.g. P4CONFIG=.p4config.  P4 does not simply open the filename
+       as given; it looks for .p4config using PWD.
+
+       If is_client_path, the path was handed to us directly by p4,
+       and may be a symbolic link.  Do not call os.getcwd() in this
+       case, because it will cause p4 to think that PWD is not inside
+       the client path.
+       """
+
+    os.chdir(path)
+    if not is_client_path:
+        path = os.getcwd()
+    os.environ['PWD'] = path
 
 def die(msg):
     if verbose:
@@ -118,38 +161,116 @@ def p4_read_pipe_lines(c):
     real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(c)
     return read_pipe_lines(real_cmd)
 
+def p4_has_command(cmd):
+    """Ask p4 for help on this command.  If it returns an error, the
+       command does not exist in this version of p4."""
+    real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(["help", cmd])
+    p = subprocess.Popen(real_cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                   stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    p.communicate()
+    return p.returncode == 0
+
+def p4_has_move_command():
+    """See if the move command exists, that it supports -k, and that
+       it has not been administratively disabled.  The arguments
+       must be correct, but the filenames do not have to exist.  Use
+       ones with wildcards so even if they exist, it will fail."""
+
+    if not p4_has_command("move"):
+        return False
+    cmd = p4_build_cmd(["move", "-k", "@from", "@to"])
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    (out, err) = p.communicate()
+    # return code will be 1 in either case
+    if err.find("Invalid option") >= 0:
+        return False
+    if err.find("disabled") >= 0:
+        return False
+    # assume it failed because @... was invalid changelist
+    return True
+
 def system(cmd):
     expand = isinstance(cmd,basestring)
     if verbose:
         sys.stderr.write("executing %s\n" % str(cmd))
-    subprocess.check_call(cmd, shell=expand)
+    retcode = subprocess.call(cmd, shell=expand)
+    if retcode:
+        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
 
 def p4_system(cmd):
     """Specifically invoke p4 as the system command. """
     real_cmd = p4_build_cmd(cmd)
     expand = isinstance(real_cmd, basestring)
-    subprocess.check_call(real_cmd, shell=expand)
+    retcode = subprocess.call(real_cmd, shell=expand)
+    if retcode:
+        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, real_cmd)
+
+_p4_version_string = None
+def p4_version_string():
+    """Read the version string, showing just the last line, which
+       hopefully is the interesting version bit.
+
+       $ p4 -V
+       Perforce - The Fast Software Configuration Management System.
+       Copyright 1995-2011 Perforce Software.  All rights reserved.
+       Rev. P4/NTX86/2011.1/393975 (2011/12/16).
+    """
+    global _p4_version_string
+    if not _p4_version_string:
+        a = p4_read_pipe_lines(["-V"])
+        _p4_version_string = a[-1].rstrip()
+    return _p4_version_string
 
 def p4_integrate(src, dest):
-    p4_system(["integrate", "-Dt", src, dest])
+    p4_system(["integrate", "-Dt", wildcard_encode(src), wildcard_encode(dest)])
 
-def p4_sync(path):
-    p4_system(["sync", path])
+def p4_sync(f, *options):
+    p4_system(["sync"] + list(options) + [wildcard_encode(f)])
 
 def p4_add(f):
-    p4_system(["add", f])
+    # forcibly add file names with wildcards
+    if wildcard_present(f):
+        p4_system(["add", "-f", f])
+    else:
+        p4_system(["add", f])
 
 def p4_delete(f):
-    p4_system(["delete", f])
+    p4_system(["delete", wildcard_encode(f)])
 
 def p4_edit(f):
-    p4_system(["edit", f])
+    p4_system(["edit", wildcard_encode(f)])
 
 def p4_revert(f):
-    p4_system(["revert", f])
+    p4_system(["revert", wildcard_encode(f)])
+
+def p4_reopen(type, f):
+    p4_system(["reopen", "-t", type, wildcard_encode(f)])
 
-def p4_reopen(type, file):
-    p4_system(["reopen", "-t", type, file])
+def p4_move(src, dest):
+    p4_system(["move", "-k", wildcard_encode(src), wildcard_encode(dest)])
+
+def p4_describe(change):
+    """Make sure it returns a valid result by checking for
+       the presence of field "time".  Return a dict of the
+       results."""
+
+    ds = p4CmdList(["describe", "-s", str(change)])
+    if len(ds) != 1:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d did not return 1 result: %s" % (change, str(ds)))
+
+    d = ds[0]
+
+    if "p4ExitCode" in d:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d exited with %d: %s" % (change, d["p4ExitCode"],
+                                                      str(d)))
+    if "code" in d:
+        if d["code"] == "error":
+            die("p4 describe -s %d returned error code: %s" % (change, str(d)))
+
+    if "time" not in d:
+        die("p4 describe -s %d returned no \"time\": %s" % (change, str(d)))
+
+    return d
 
 #
 # Canonicalize the p4 type and return a tuple of the
@@ -189,8 +310,8 @@ def split_p4_type(p4type):
 #
 # return the raw p4 type of a file (text, text+ko, etc)
 #
-def p4_type(file):
-    results = p4CmdList(["fstat", "-T", "headType", file])
+def p4_type(f):
+    results = p4CmdList(["fstat", "-T", "headType", wildcard_encode(f)])
     return results[0]['headType']
 
 #
@@ -209,7 +330,7 @@ def p4_keywords_regexp_for_type(base, type_mods):
         pattern = r"""
             \$              # Starts with a dollar, followed by...
             (%s)            # one of the keywords, followed by...
-            (:[^$]+)?       # possibly an old expansion, followed by...
+            (:[^$\n]+)?     # possibly an old expansion, followed by...
             \$              # another dollar
             """ % kwords
         return pattern
@@ -246,13 +367,33 @@ def setP4ExecBit(file, mode):
 def getP4OpenedType(file):
     # Returns the perforce file type for the given file.
 
-    result = p4_read_pipe(["opened", file])
+    result = p4_read_pipe(["opened", wildcard_encode(file)])
     match = re.match(".*\((.+)\)\r?$", result)
     if match:
         return match.group(1)
     else:
         die("Could not determine file type for %s (result: '%s')" % (file, result))
 
+# Return the set of all p4 labels
+def getP4Labels(depotPaths):
+    labels = set()
+    if isinstance(depotPaths,basestring):
+        depotPaths = [depotPaths]
+
+    for l in p4CmdList(["labels"] + ["%s..." % p for p in depotPaths]):
+        label = l['label']
+        labels.add(label)
+
+    return labels
+
+# Return the set of all git tags
+def getGitTags():
+    gitTags = set()
+    for line in read_pipe_lines(["git", "tag"]):
+        tag = line.strip()
+        gitTags.add(tag)
+    return gitTags
+
 def diffTreePattern():
     # This is a simple generator for the diff tree regex pattern. This could be
     # a class variable if this and parseDiffTreeEntry were a part of a class.
@@ -453,43 +594,75 @@ def gitBranchExists(branch):
     return proc.wait() == 0;
 
 _gitConfig = {}
-def gitConfig(key, args = None): # set args to "--bool", for instance
+
+def gitConfig(key):
+    if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
+        cmd = [ "git", "config", key ]
+        s = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True)
+        _gitConfig[key] = s.strip()
+    return _gitConfig[key]
+
+def gitConfigBool(key):
+    """Return a bool, using git config --bool.  It is True only if the
+       variable is set to true, and False if set to false or not present
+       in the config."""
+
     if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
-        argsFilter = ""
-        if args != None:
-            argsFilter = "%s " % args
-        cmd = "git config %s%s" % (argsFilter, key)
-        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True).strip()
+        cmd = [ "git", "config", "--bool", key ]
+        s = read_pipe(cmd, ignore_error=True)
+        v = s.strip()
+        _gitConfig[key] = v == "true"
     return _gitConfig[key]
 
 def gitConfigList(key):
     if not _gitConfig.has_key(key):
-        _gitConfig[key] = read_pipe("git config --get-all %s" % key, ignore_error=True).strip().split(os.linesep)
+        s = read_pipe(["git", "config", "--get-all", key], ignore_error=True)
+        _gitConfig[key] = s.strip().split(os.linesep)
     return _gitConfig[key]
 
-def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes = True):
+def p4BranchesInGit(branchesAreInRemotes=True):
+    """Find all the branches whose names start with "p4/", looking
+       in remotes or heads as specified by the argument.  Return
+       a dictionary of { branch: revision } for each one found.
+       The branch names are the short names, without any
+       "p4/" prefix."""
+
     branches = {}
 
     cmdline = "git rev-parse --symbolic "
     if branchesAreInRemotes:
-        cmdline += " --remotes"
+        cmdline += "--remotes"
     else:
-        cmdline += " --branches"
+        cmdline += "--branches"
 
     for line in read_pipe_lines(cmdline):
         line = line.strip()
 
-        ## only import to p4/
-        if not line.startswith('p4/') or line == "p4/HEAD":
+        # only import to p4/
+        if not line.startswith('p4/'):
+            continue
+        # special symbolic ref to p4/master
+        if line == "p4/HEAD":
             continue
-        branch = line
 
-        # strip off p4
-        branch = re.sub ("^p4/", "", line)
+        # strip off p4/ prefix
+        branch = line[len("p4/"):]
 
         branches[branch] = parseRevision(line)
+
     return branches
 
+def branch_exists(branch):
+    """Make sure that the given ref name really exists."""
+
+    cmd = [ "git", "rev-parse", "--symbolic", "--verify", branch ]
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    out, _ = p.communicate()
+    if p.returncode:
+        return False
+    # expect exactly one line of output: the branch name
+    return out.rstrip() == branch
+
 def findUpstreamBranchPoint(head = "HEAD"):
     branches = p4BranchesInGit()
     # map from depot-path to branch name
@@ -591,8 +764,7 @@ def p4PathStartsWith(path, prefix):
     #
     # we may or may not have a problem. If you have core.ignorecase=true,
     # we treat DirA and dira as the same directory
-    ignorecase = gitConfig("core.ignorecase", "--bool") == "true"
-    if ignorecase:
+    if gitConfigBool("core.ignorecase"):
         return path.lower().startswith(prefix.lower())
     return path.startswith(prefix)
 
@@ -608,11 +780,14 @@ def getClientSpec():
     # dictionary of all client parameters
     entry = specList[0]
 
+    # the //client/ name
+    client_name = entry["Client"]
+
     # just the keys that start with "View"
     view_keys = [ k for k in entry.keys() if k.startswith("View") ]
 
     # hold this new View
-    view = View()
+    view = View(client_name)
 
     # append the lines, in order, to the view
     for view_num in range(len(view_keys)):
@@ -636,10 +811,40 @@ def getClientRoot():
 
     return entry["Root"]
 
+#
+# P4 wildcards are not allowed in filenames.  P4 complains
+# if you simply add them, but you can force it with "-f", in
+# which case it translates them into %xx encoding internally.
+#
+def wildcard_decode(path):
+    # Search for and fix just these four characters.  Do % last so
+    # that fixing it does not inadvertently create new %-escapes.
+    # Cannot have * in a filename in windows; untested as to
+    # what p4 would do in such a case.
+    if not platform.system() == "Windows":
+        path = path.replace("%2A", "*")
+    path = path.replace("%23", "#") \
+               .replace("%40", "@") \
+               .replace("%25", "%")
+    return path
+
+def wildcard_encode(path):
+    # do % first to avoid double-encoding the %s introduced here
+    path = path.replace("%", "%25") \
+               .replace("*", "%2A") \
+               .replace("#", "%23") \
+               .replace("@", "%40")
+    return path
+
+def wildcard_present(path):
+    m = re.search("[*#@%]", path)
+    return m is not None
+
 class Command:
     def __init__(self):
         self.usage = "usage: %prog [options]"
         self.needsGit = True
+        self.verbose = False
 
 class P4UserMap:
     def __init__(self):
@@ -705,13 +910,9 @@ class P4UserMap:
 class P4Debug(Command):
     def __init__(self):
         Command.__init__(self)
-        self.options = [
-            optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true",
-                                 default=False),
-            ]
+        self.options = []
         self.description = "A tool to debug the output of p4 -G."
         self.needsGit = False
-        self.verbose = False
 
     def run(self, args):
         j = 0
@@ -725,11 +926,9 @@ class P4RollBack(Command):
     def __init__(self):
         Command.__init__(self)
         self.options = [
-            optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true"),
             optparse.make_option("--local", dest="rollbackLocalBranches", action="store_true")
         ]
         self.description = "A tool to debug the multi-branch import. Don't use :)"
-        self.verbose = False
         self.rollbackLocalBranches = False
 
     def run(self, args):
@@ -783,32 +982,69 @@ class P4RollBack(Command):
         return True
 
 class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
+
+    conflict_behavior_choices = ("ask", "skip", "quit")
+
     def __init__(self):
         Command.__init__(self)
         P4UserMap.__init__(self)
         self.options = [
-                optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true"),
                 optparse.make_option("--origin", dest="origin"),
                 optparse.make_option("-M", dest="detectRenames", action="store_true"),
                 # preserve the user, requires relevant p4 permissions
                 optparse.make_option("--preserve-user", dest="preserveUser", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--export-labels", dest="exportLabels", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--dry-run", "-n", dest="dry_run", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--prepare-p4-only", dest="prepare_p4_only", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--conflict", dest="conflict_behavior",
+                                     choices=self.conflict_behavior_choices),
+                optparse.make_option("--branch", dest="branch"),
         ]
         self.description = "Submit changes from git to the perforce depot."
         self.usage += " [name of git branch to submit into perforce depot]"
-        self.interactive = True
         self.origin = ""
         self.detectRenames = False
-        self.verbose = False
-        self.preserveUser = gitConfig("git-p4.preserveUser").lower() == "true"
+        self.preserveUser = gitConfigBool("git-p4.preserveUser")
+        self.dry_run = False
+        self.prepare_p4_only = False
+        self.conflict_behavior = None
         self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
+        self.exportLabels = False
+        self.p4HasMoveCommand = p4_has_move_command()
+        self.branch = None
 
     def check(self):
         if len(p4CmdList("opened ...")) > 0:
             die("You have files opened with perforce! Close them before starting the sync.")
 
-    # replaces everything between 'Description:' and the next P4 submit template field with the
-    # commit message
-    def prepareLogMessage(self, template, message):
+    def separate_jobs_from_description(self, message):
+        """Extract and return a possible Jobs field in the commit
+           message.  It goes into a separate section in the p4 change
+           specification.
+
+           A jobs line starts with "Jobs:" and looks like a new field
+           in a form.  Values are white-space separated on the same
+           line or on following lines that start with a tab.
+
+           This does not parse and extract the full git commit message
+           like a p4 form.  It just sees the Jobs: line as a marker
+           to pass everything from then on directly into the p4 form,
+           but outside the description section.
+
+           Return a tuple (stripped log message, jobs string)."""
+
+        m = re.search(r'^Jobs:', message, re.MULTILINE)
+        if m is None:
+            return (message, None)
+
+        jobtext = message[m.start():]
+        stripped_message = message[:m.start()].rstrip()
+        return (stripped_message, jobtext)
+
+    def prepareLogMessage(self, template, message, jobs):
+        """Edits the template returned from "p4 change -o" to insert
+           the message in the Description field, and the jobs text in
+           the Jobs field."""
         result = ""
 
         inDescriptionSection = False
@@ -821,6 +1057,9 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             if inDescriptionSection:
                 if line.startswith("Files:") or line.startswith("Jobs:"):
                     inDescriptionSection = False
+                    # insert Jobs section
+                    if jobs:
+                        result += jobs + "\n"
                 else:
                     continue
             else:
@@ -860,7 +1099,8 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
     def p4UserForCommit(self,id):
         # Return the tuple (perforce user,git email) for a given git commit id
         self.getUserMapFromPerforceServer()
-        gitEmail = read_pipe("git log --max-count=1 --format='%%ae' %s" % id)
+        gitEmail = read_pipe(["git", "log", "--max-count=1",
+                              "--format=%ae", id])
         gitEmail = gitEmail.strip()
         if not self.emails.has_key(gitEmail):
             return (None,gitEmail)
@@ -873,7 +1113,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             (user,email) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
             if not user:
                 msg = "Cannot find p4 user for email %s in commit %s." % (email, id)
-                if gitConfig('git-p4.allowMissingP4Users').lower() == "true":
+                if gitConfigBool("git-p4.allowMissingP4Users"):
                     print "%s" % msg
                 else:
                     die("Error: %s\nSet git-p4.allowMissingP4Users to true to allow this." % msg)
@@ -932,7 +1172,13 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
         return 0
 
     def prepareSubmitTemplate(self):
-        # remove lines in the Files section that show changes to files outside the depot path we're committing into
+        """Run "p4 change -o" to grab a change specification template.
+           This does not use "p4 -G", as it is nice to keep the submission
+           template in original order, since a human might edit it.
+
+           Remove lines in the Files section that show changes to files
+           outside the depot path we're committing into."""
+
         template = ""
         inFilesSection = False
         for line in p4_read_pipe_lines(['change', '-o']):
@@ -962,7 +1208,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
            message.  Return true if okay to continue with the submit."""
 
         # if configured to skip the editing part, just submit
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.skipSubmitEdit") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipSubmitEdit"):
             return True
 
         # look at the modification time, to check later if the user saved
@@ -970,15 +1216,15 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
         mtime = os.stat(template_file).st_mtime
 
         # invoke the editor
-        if os.environ.has_key("P4EDITOR"):
+        if os.environ.has_key("P4EDITOR") and (os.environ.get("P4EDITOR") != ""):
             editor = os.environ.get("P4EDITOR")
         else:
             editor = read_pipe("git var GIT_EDITOR").strip()
-        system(editor + " " + template_file)
+        system([editor, template_file])
 
         # If the file was not saved, prompt to see if this patch should
         # be skipped.  But skip this verification step if configured so.
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck"):
             return True
 
         # modification time updated means user saved the file
@@ -992,35 +1238,41 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             if response == 'n':
                 return False
 
-    def applyCommit(self, id):
-        print "Applying %s" % (read_pipe("git log --max-count=1 --pretty=oneline %s" % id))
-
-        (p4User, gitEmail) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
-
-        if not self.detectRenames:
-            # If not explicitly set check the config variable
-            self.detectRenames = gitConfig("git-p4.detectRenames")
+    def get_diff_description(self, editedFiles, filesToAdd):
+        # diff
+        if os.environ.has_key("P4DIFF"):
+            del(os.environ["P4DIFF"])
+        diff = ""
+        for editedFile in editedFiles:
+            diff += p4_read_pipe(['diff', '-du',
+                                  wildcard_encode(editedFile)])
+
+        # new file diff
+        newdiff = ""
+        for newFile in filesToAdd:
+            newdiff += "==== new file ====\n"
+            newdiff += "--- /dev/null\n"
+            newdiff += "+++ %s\n" % newFile
+            f = open(newFile, "r")
+            for line in f.readlines():
+                newdiff += "+" + line
+            f.close()
+
+        return (diff + newdiff).replace('\r\n', '\n')
 
-        if self.detectRenames.lower() == "false" or self.detectRenames == "":
-            diffOpts = ""
-        elif self.detectRenames.lower() == "true":
-            diffOpts = "-M"
-        else:
-            diffOpts = "-M%s" % self.detectRenames
+    def applyCommit(self, id):
+        """Apply one commit, return True if it succeeded."""
 
-        detectCopies = gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopies")
-        if detectCopies.lower() == "true":
-            diffOpts += " -C"
-        elif detectCopies != "" and detectCopies.lower() != "false":
-            diffOpts += " -C%s" % detectCopies
+        print "Applying", read_pipe(["git", "show", "-s",
+                                     "--format=format:%h %s", id])
 
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopiesHarder", "--bool") == "true":
-            diffOpts += " --find-copies-harder"
+        (p4User, gitEmail) = self.p4UserForCommit(id)
 
-        diff = read_pipe_lines("git diff-tree -r %s \"%s^\" \"%s\"" % (diffOpts, id, id))
+        diff = read_pipe_lines("git diff-tree -r %s \"%s^\" \"%s\"" % (self.diffOpts, id, id))
         filesToAdd = set()
         filesToDelete = set()
         editedFiles = set()
+        pureRenameCopy = set()
         filesToChangeExecBit = {}
 
         for line in diff:
@@ -1044,28 +1296,44 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             elif modifier == "C":
                 src, dest = diff['src'], diff['dst']
                 p4_integrate(src, dest)
+                pureRenameCopy.add(dest)
                 if diff['src_sha1'] != diff['dst_sha1']:
                     p4_edit(dest)
+                    pureRenameCopy.discard(dest)
                 if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
                     p4_edit(dest)
+                    pureRenameCopy.discard(dest)
                     filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
+                if self.isWindows:
+                    # turn off read-only attribute
+                    os.chmod(dest, stat.S_IWRITE)
                 os.unlink(dest)
                 editedFiles.add(dest)
             elif modifier == "R":
                 src, dest = diff['src'], diff['dst']
-                p4_integrate(src, dest)
-                if diff['src_sha1'] != diff['dst_sha1']:
-                    p4_edit(dest)
+                if self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                    p4_edit(src)        # src must be open before move
+                    p4_move(src, dest)  # opens for (move/delete, move/add)
+                else:
+                    p4_integrate(src, dest)
+                    if diff['src_sha1'] != diff['dst_sha1']:
+                        p4_edit(dest)
+                    else:
+                        pureRenameCopy.add(dest)
                 if isModeExecChanged(diff['src_mode'], diff['dst_mode']):
-                    p4_edit(dest)
+                    if not self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                        p4_edit(dest)   # with move: already open, writable
                     filesToChangeExecBit[dest] = diff['dst_mode']
-                os.unlink(dest)
+                if not self.p4HasMoveCommand:
+                    if self.isWindows:
+                        os.chmod(dest, stat.S_IWRITE)
+                    os.unlink(dest)
+                    filesToDelete.add(src)
                 editedFiles.add(dest)
-                filesToDelete.add(src)
             else:
                 die("unknown modifier %s for %s" % (modifier, path))
 
-        diffcmd = "git format-patch -k --stdout \"%s^\"..\"%s\"" % (id, id)
+        diffcmd = "git diff-tree --full-index -p \"%s\"" % (id)
         patchcmd = diffcmd + " | git apply "
         tryPatchCmd = patchcmd + "--check -"
         applyPatchCmd = patchcmd + "--check --apply -"
@@ -1078,7 +1346,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
 
             # Patch failed, maybe it's just RCS keyword woes. Look through
             # the patch to see if that's possible.
-            if gitConfig("git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup","--bool") == "true":
+            if gitConfigBool("git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup"):
                 file = None
                 pattern = None
                 kwfiles = {}
@@ -1099,6 +1367,10 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
                 for file in kwfiles:
                     if verbose:
                         print "zapping %s with %s" % (line,pattern)
+                    # File is being deleted, so not open in p4.  Must
+                    # disable the read-only bit on windows.
+                    if self.isWindows and file not in editedFiles:
+                        os.chmod(file, stat.S_IWRITE)
                     self.patchRCSKeywords(file, kwfiles[file])
                     fixed_rcs_keywords = True
 
@@ -1108,34 +1380,13 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
                     patch_succeeded = True
 
         if not patch_succeeded:
-            print "What do you want to do?"
-            response = "x"
-            while response != "s" and response != "a" and response != "w":
-                response = raw_input("[s]kip this patch / [a]pply the patch forcibly "
-                                     "and with .rej files / [w]rite the patch to a file (patch.txt) ")
-            if response == "s":
-                print "Skipping! Good luck with the next patches..."
-                for f in editedFiles:
-                    p4_revert(f)
-                for f in filesToAdd:
-                    os.remove(f)
-                return
-            elif response == "a":
-                os.system(applyPatchCmd)
-                if len(filesToAdd) > 0:
-                    print "You may also want to call p4 add on the following files:"
-                    print " ".join(filesToAdd)
-                if len(filesToDelete):
-                    print "The following files should be scheduled for deletion with p4 delete:"
-                    print " ".join(filesToDelete)
-                die("Please resolve and submit the conflict manually and "
-                    + "continue afterwards with git-p4 submit --continue")
-            elif response == "w":
-                system(diffcmd + " > patch.txt")
-                print "Patch saved to patch.txt in %s !" % self.clientPath
-                die("Please resolve and submit the conflict manually and "
-                    "continue afterwards with git-p4 submit --continue")
+            for f in editedFiles:
+                p4_revert(f)
+            return False
 
+        #
+        # Apply the patch for real, and do add/delete/+x handling.
+        #
         system(applyPatchCmd)
 
         for f in filesToAdd:
@@ -1149,84 +1400,184 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             mode = filesToChangeExecBit[f]
             setP4ExecBit(f, mode)
 
+        #
+        # Build p4 change description, starting with the contents
+        # of the git commit message.
+        #
         logMessage = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(id)
         logMessage = logMessage.strip()
+        (logMessage, jobs) = self.separate_jobs_from_description(logMessage)
 
         template = self.prepareSubmitTemplate()
+        submitTemplate = self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage, jobs)
 
-        if self.interactive:
-            submitTemplate = self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage)
+        if self.preserveUser:
+           submitTemplate += "\n######## Actual user %s, modified after commit\n" % p4User
+
+        if self.checkAuthorship and not self.p4UserIsMe(p4User):
+            submitTemplate += "######## git author %s does not match your p4 account.\n" % gitEmail
+            submitTemplate += "######## Use option --preserve-user to modify authorship.\n"
+            submitTemplate += "######## Variable git-p4.skipUserNameCheck hides this message.\n"
+
+        separatorLine = "######## everything below this line is just the diff #######\n"
+        if not self.prepare_p4_only:
+            submitTemplate += separatorLine
+            submitTemplate += self.get_diff_description(editedFiles, filesToAdd)
+
+        (handle, fileName) = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        tmpFile = os.fdopen(handle, "w+b")
+        if self.isWindows:
+            submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\n", "\r\n")
+        tmpFile.write(submitTemplate)
+        tmpFile.close()
+
+        if self.prepare_p4_only:
+            #
+            # Leave the p4 tree prepared, and the submit template around
+            # and let the user decide what to do next
+            #
+            print
+            print "P4 workspace prepared for submission."
+            print "To submit or revert, go to client workspace"
+            print "  " + self.clientPath
+            print
+            print "To submit, use \"p4 submit\" to write a new description,"
+            print "or \"p4 submit -i <%s\" to use the one prepared by" \
+                  " \"git p4\"." % fileName
+            print "You can delete the file \"%s\" when finished." % fileName
+
+            if self.preserveUser and p4User and not self.p4UserIsMe(p4User):
+                print "To preserve change ownership by user %s, you must\n" \
+                      "do \"p4 change -f <change>\" after submitting and\n" \
+                      "edit the User field."
+            if pureRenameCopy:
+                print "After submitting, renamed files must be re-synced."
+                print "Invoke \"p4 sync -f\" on each of these files:"
+                for f in pureRenameCopy:
+                    print "  " + f
+
+            print
+            print "To revert the changes, use \"p4 revert ...\", and delete"
+            print "the submit template file \"%s\"" % fileName
+            if filesToAdd:
+                print "Since the commit adds new files, they must be deleted:"
+                for f in filesToAdd:
+                    print "  " + f
+            print
+            return True
 
-            if self.preserveUser:
-               submitTemplate = submitTemplate + ("\n######## Actual user %s, modified after commit\n" % p4User)
-
-            if os.environ.has_key("P4DIFF"):
-                del(os.environ["P4DIFF"])
-            diff = ""
-            for editedFile in editedFiles:
-                diff += p4_read_pipe(['diff', '-du', editedFile])
-
-            newdiff = ""
-            for newFile in filesToAdd:
-                newdiff += "==== new file ====\n"
-                newdiff += "--- /dev/null\n"
-                newdiff += "+++ %s\n" % newFile
-                f = open(newFile, "r")
-                for line in f.readlines():
-                    newdiff += "+" + line
-                f.close()
-
-            if self.checkAuthorship and not self.p4UserIsMe(p4User):
-                submitTemplate += "######## git author %s does not match your p4 account.\n" % gitEmail
-                submitTemplate += "######## Use git-p4 option --preserve-user to modify authorship\n"
-                submitTemplate += "######## Use git-p4 config git-p4.skipUserNameCheck hides this message.\n"
-
-            separatorLine = "######## everything below this line is just the diff #######\n"
-
-            (handle, fileName) = tempfile.mkstemp()
-            tmpFile = os.fdopen(handle, "w+")
-            if self.isWindows:
-                submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\n", "\r\n")
-                separatorLine = separatorLine.replace("\n", "\r\n")
-                newdiff = newdiff.replace("\n", "\r\n")
-            tmpFile.write(submitTemplate + separatorLine + diff + newdiff)
+        #
+        # Let the user edit the change description, then submit it.
+        #
+        if self.edit_template(fileName):
+            # read the edited message and submit
+            ret = True
+            tmpFile = open(fileName, "rb")
+            message = tmpFile.read()
             tmpFile.close()
+            if self.isWindows:
+                message = message.replace("\r\n", "\n")
+            submitTemplate = message[:message.index(separatorLine)]
+            p4_write_pipe(['submit', '-i'], submitTemplate)
 
-            if self.edit_template(fileName):
-                # read the edited message and submit
-                tmpFile = open(fileName, "rb")
-                message = tmpFile.read()
-                tmpFile.close()
-                submitTemplate = message[:message.index(separatorLine)]
-                if self.isWindows:
-                    submitTemplate = submitTemplate.replace("\r\n", "\n")
-                p4_write_pipe(['submit', '-i'], submitTemplate)
-
-                if self.preserveUser:
-                    if p4User:
-                        # Get last changelist number. Cannot easily get it from
-                        # the submit command output as the output is
-                        # unmarshalled.
-                        changelist = self.lastP4Changelist()
-                        self.modifyChangelistUser(changelist, p4User)
-            else:
-                # skip this patch
-                print "Submission cancelled, undoing p4 changes."
-                for f in editedFiles:
-                    p4_revert(f)
-                for f in filesToAdd:
-                    p4_revert(f)
-                    os.remove(f)
+            if self.preserveUser:
+                if p4User:
+                    # Get last changelist number. Cannot easily get it from
+                    # the submit command output as the output is
+                    # unmarshalled.
+                    changelist = self.lastP4Changelist()
+                    self.modifyChangelistUser(changelist, p4User)
+
+            # The rename/copy happened by applying a patch that created a
+            # new file.  This leaves it writable, which confuses p4.
+            for f in pureRenameCopy:
+                p4_sync(f, "-f")
 
-            os.remove(fileName)
         else:
-            fileName = "submit.txt"
-            file = open(fileName, "w+")
-            file.write(self.prepareLogMessage(template, logMessage))
-            file.close()
-            print ("Perforce submit template written as %s. "
-                   + "Please review/edit and then use p4 submit -i < %s to submit directly!"
-                   % (fileName, fileName))
+            # skip this patch
+            ret = False
+            print "Submission cancelled, undoing p4 changes."
+            for f in editedFiles:
+                p4_revert(f)
+            for f in filesToAdd:
+                p4_revert(f)
+                os.remove(f)
+            for f in filesToDelete:
+                p4_revert(f)
+
+        os.remove(fileName)
+        return ret
+
+    # Export git tags as p4 labels. Create a p4 label and then tag
+    # with that.
+    def exportGitTags(self, gitTags):
+        validLabelRegexp = gitConfig("git-p4.labelExportRegexp")
+        if len(validLabelRegexp) == 0:
+            validLabelRegexp = defaultLabelRegexp
+        m = re.compile(validLabelRegexp)
+
+        for name in gitTags:
+
+            if not m.match(name):
+                if verbose:
+                    print "tag %s does not match regexp %s" % (name, validLabelRegexp)
+                continue
+
+            # Get the p4 commit this corresponds to
+            logMessage = extractLogMessageFromGitCommit(name)
+            values = extractSettingsGitLog(logMessage)
+
+            if not values.has_key('change'):
+                # a tag pointing to something not sent to p4; ignore
+                if verbose:
+                    print "git tag %s does not give a p4 commit" % name
+                continue
+            else:
+                changelist = values['change']
+
+            # Get the tag details.
+            inHeader = True
+            isAnnotated = False
+            body = []
+            for l in read_pipe_lines(["git", "cat-file", "-p", name]):
+                l = l.strip()
+                if inHeader:
+                    if re.match(r'tag\s+', l):
+                        isAnnotated = True
+                    elif re.match(r'\s*$', l):
+                        inHeader = False
+                        continue
+                else:
+                    body.append(l)
+
+            if not isAnnotated:
+                body = ["lightweight tag imported by git p4\n"]
+
+            # Create the label - use the same view as the client spec we are using
+            clientSpec = getClientSpec()
+
+            labelTemplate  = "Label: %s\n" % name
+            labelTemplate += "Description:\n"
+            for b in body:
+                labelTemplate += "\t" + b + "\n"
+            labelTemplate += "View:\n"
+            for depot_side in clientSpec.mappings:
+                labelTemplate += "\t%s\n" % depot_side
+
+            if self.dry_run:
+                print "Would create p4 label %s for tag" % name
+            elif self.prepare_p4_only:
+                print "Not creating p4 label %s for tag due to option" \
+                      " --prepare-p4-only" % name
+            else:
+                p4_write_pipe(["label", "-i"], labelTemplate)
+
+                # Use the label
+                p4_system(["tag", "-l", name] +
+                          ["%s@%s" % (depot_side, changelist) for depot_side in clientSpec.mappings])
+
+                if verbose:
+                    print "created p4 label for tag %s" % name
 
     def run(self, args):
         if len(args) == 0:
@@ -1253,6 +1604,16 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             if not self.canChangeChangelists():
                 die("Cannot preserve user names without p4 super-user or admin permissions")
 
+        # if not set from the command line, try the config file
+        if self.conflict_behavior is None:
+            val = gitConfig("git-p4.conflict")
+            if val:
+                if val not in self.conflict_behavior_choices:
+                    die("Invalid value '%s' for config git-p4.conflict" % val)
+            else:
+                val = "ask"
+            self.conflict_behavior = val
+
         if self.verbose:
             print "Origin branch is " + self.origin
 
@@ -1261,7 +1622,7 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
             sys.exit(128)
 
         self.useClientSpec = False
-        if gitConfig("git-p4.useclientspec", "--bool") == "true":
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.useclientspec"):
             self.useClientSpec = True
         if self.useClientSpec:
             self.clientSpecDirs = getClientSpec()
@@ -1279,20 +1640,29 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
         self.oldWorkingDirectory = os.getcwd()
 
         # ensure the clientPath exists
+        new_client_dir = False
         if not os.path.exists(self.clientPath):
+            new_client_dir = True
             os.makedirs(self.clientPath)
 
-        chdir(self.clientPath)
-        print "Synchronizing p4 checkout..."
-        p4_sync("...")
+        chdir(self.clientPath, is_client_path=True)
+        if self.dry_run:
+            print "Would synchronize p4 checkout in %s" % self.clientPath
+        else:
+            print "Synchronizing p4 checkout..."
+            if new_client_dir:
+                # old one was destroyed, and maybe nobody told p4
+                p4_sync("...", "-f")
+            else:
+                p4_sync("...")
         self.check()
 
         commits = []
-        for line in read_pipe_lines("git rev-list --no-merges %s..%s" % (self.origin, self.master)):
+        for line in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--no-merges", "%s..%s" % (self.origin, self.master)]):
             commits.append(line.strip())
         commits.reverse()
 
-        if self.preserveUser or (gitConfig("git-p4.skipUserNameCheck") == "true"):
+        if self.preserveUser or gitConfigBool("git-p4.skipUserNameCheck"):
             self.checkAuthorship = False
         else:
             self.checkAuthorship = True
@@ -1300,140 +1670,148 @@ class P4Submit(Command, P4UserMap):
         if self.preserveUser:
             self.checkValidP4Users(commits)
 
-        while len(commits) > 0:
-            commit = commits[0]
-            commits = commits[1:]
-            self.applyCommit(commit)
-            if not self.interactive:
-                break
+        #
+        # Build up a set of options to be passed to diff when
+        # submitting each commit to p4.
+        #
+        if self.detectRenames:
+            # command-line -M arg
+            self.diffOpts = "-M"
+        else:
+            # If not explicitly set check the config variable
+            detectRenames = gitConfig("git-p4.detectRenames")
+
+            if detectRenames.lower() == "false" or detectRenames == "":
+                self.diffOpts = ""
+            elif detectRenames.lower() == "true":
+                self.diffOpts = "-M"
+            else:
+                self.diffOpts = "-M%s" % detectRenames
+
+        # no command-line arg for -C or --find-copies-harder, just
+        # config variables
+        detectCopies = gitConfig("git-p4.detectCopies")
+        if detectCopies.lower() == "false" or detectCopies == "":
+            pass
+        elif detectCopies.lower() == "true":
+            self.diffOpts += " -C"
+        else:
+            self.diffOpts += " -C%s" % detectCopies
 
-        if len(commits) == 0:
-            print "All changes applied!"
-            chdir(self.oldWorkingDirectory)
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.detectCopiesHarder"):
+            self.diffOpts += " --find-copies-harder"
+
+        #
+        # Apply the commits, one at a time.  On failure, ask if should
+        # continue to try the rest of the patches, or quit.
+        #
+        if self.dry_run:
+            print "Would apply"
+        applied = []
+        last = len(commits) - 1
+        for i, commit in enumerate(commits):
+            if self.dry_run:
+                print " ", read_pipe(["git", "show", "-s",
+                                      "--format=format:%h %s", commit])
+                ok = True
+            else:
+                ok = self.applyCommit(commit)
+            if ok:
+                applied.append(commit)
+            else:
+                if self.prepare_p4_only and i < last:
+                    print "Processing only the first commit due to option" \
+                          " --prepare-p4-only"
+                    break
+                if i < last:
+                    quit = False
+                    while True:
+                        # prompt for what to do, or use the option/variable
+                        if self.conflict_behavior == "ask":
+                            print "What do you want to do?"
+                            response = raw_input("[s]kip this commit but apply"
+                                                 " the rest, or [q]uit? ")
+                            if not response:
+                                continue
+                        elif self.conflict_behavior == "skip":
+                            response = "s"
+                        elif self.conflict_behavior == "quit":
+                            response = "q"
+                        else:
+                            die("Unknown conflict_behavior '%s'" %
+                                self.conflict_behavior)
+
+                        if response[0] == "s":
+                            print "Skipping this commit, but applying the rest"
+                            break
+                        if response[0] == "q":
+                            print "Quitting"
+                            quit = True
+                            break
+                    if quit:
+                        break
+
+        chdir(self.oldWorkingDirectory)
+
+        if self.dry_run:
+            pass
+        elif self.prepare_p4_only:
+            pass
+        elif len(commits) == len(applied):
+            print "All commits applied!"
 
             sync = P4Sync()
+            if self.branch:
+                sync.branch = self.branch
             sync.run([])
 
             rebase = P4Rebase()
             rebase.rebase()
 
+        else:
+            if len(applied) == 0:
+                print "No commits applied."
+            else:
+                print "Applied only the commits marked with '*':"
+                for c in commits:
+                    if c in applied:
+                        star = "*"
+                    else:
+                        star = " "
+                    print star, read_pipe(["git", "show", "-s",
+                                           "--format=format:%h %s",  c])
+                print "You will have to do 'git p4 sync' and rebase."
+
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.exportLabels"):
+            self.exportLabels = True
+
+        if self.exportLabels:
+            p4Labels = getP4Labels(self.depotPath)
+            gitTags = getGitTags()
+
+            missingGitTags = gitTags - p4Labels
+            self.exportGitTags(missingGitTags)
+
+        # exit with error unless everything applied perfectly
+        if len(commits) != len(applied):
+                sys.exit(1)
+
         return True
 
 class View(object):
     """Represent a p4 view ("p4 help views"), and map files in a
        repo according to the view."""
 
-    class Path(object):
-        """A depot or client path, possibly containing wildcards.
-           The only one supported is ... at the end, currently.
-           Initialize with the full path, with //depot or //client."""
-
-        def __init__(self, path, is_depot):
-            self.path = path
-            self.is_depot = is_depot
-            self.find_wildcards()
-            # remember the prefix bit, useful for relative mappings
-            m = re.match("(//[^/]+/)", self.path)
-            if not m:
-                die("Path %s does not start with //prefix/" % self.path)
-            prefix = m.group(1)
-            if not self.is_depot:
-                # strip //client/ on client paths
-                self.path = self.path[len(prefix):]
-
-        def find_wildcards(self):
-            """Make sure wildcards are valid, and set up internal
-               variables."""
-
-            self.ends_triple_dot = False
-            # There are three wildcards allowed in p4 views
-            # (see "p4 help views").  This code knows how to
-            # handle "..." (only at the end), but cannot deal with
-            # "%%n" or "*".  Only check the depot_side, as p4 should
-            # validate that the client_side matches too.
-            if re.search(r'%%[1-9]', self.path):
-                die("Can't handle %%n wildcards in view: %s" % self.path)
-            if self.path.find("*") >= 0:
-                die("Can't handle * wildcards in view: %s" % self.path)
-            triple_dot_index = self.path.find("...")
-            if triple_dot_index >= 0:
-                if triple_dot_index != len(self.path) - 3:
-                    die("Can handle only single ... wildcard, at end: %s" %
-                        self.path)
-                self.ends_triple_dot = True
-
-        def ensure_compatible(self, other_path):
-            """Make sure the wildcards agree."""
-            if self.ends_triple_dot != other_path.ends_triple_dot:
-                 die("Both paths must end with ... if either does;\n" +
-                     "paths: %s %s" % (self.path, other_path.path))
-
-        def match_wildcards(self, test_path):
-            """See if this test_path matches us, and fill in the value
-               of the wildcards if so.  Returns a tuple of
-               (True|False, wildcards[]).  For now, only the ... at end
-               is supported, so at most one wildcard."""
-            if self.ends_triple_dot:
-                dotless = self.path[:-3]
-                if test_path.startswith(dotless):
-                    wildcard = test_path[len(dotless):]
-                    return (True, [ wildcard ])
-            else:
-                if test_path == self.path:
-                    return (True, [])
-            return (False, [])
-
-        def match(self, test_path):
-            """Just return if it matches; don't bother with the wildcards."""
-            b, _ = self.match_wildcards(test_path)
-            return b
-
-        def fill_in_wildcards(self, wildcards):
-            """Return the relative path, with the wildcards filled in
-               if there are any."""
-            if self.ends_triple_dot:
-                return self.path[:-3] + wildcards[0]
-            else:
-                return self.path
-
-    class Mapping(object):
-        def __init__(self, depot_side, client_side, overlay, exclude):
-            # depot_side is without the trailing /... if it had one
-            self.depot_side = View.Path(depot_side, is_depot=True)
-            self.client_side = View.Path(client_side, is_depot=False)
-            self.overlay = overlay  # started with "+"
-            self.exclude = exclude  # started with "-"
-            assert not (self.overlay and self.exclude)
-            self.depot_side.ensure_compatible(self.client_side)
-
-        def __str__(self):
-            c = " "
-            if self.overlay:
-                c = "+"
-            if self.exclude:
-                c = "-"
-            return "View.Mapping: %s%s -> %s" % \
-                   (c, self.depot_side.path, self.client_side.path)
-
-        def map_depot_to_client(self, depot_path):
-            """Calculate the client path if using this mapping on the
-               given depot path; does not consider the effect of other
-               mappings in a view.  Even excluded mappings are returned."""
-            matches, wildcards = self.depot_side.match_wildcards(depot_path)
-            if not matches:
-                return ""
-            client_path = self.client_side.fill_in_wildcards(wildcards)
-            return client_path
-
-    #
-    # View methods
-    #
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, client_name):
         self.mappings = []
+        self.client_prefix = "//%s/" % client_name
+        # cache results of "p4 where" to lookup client file locations
+        self.client_spec_path_cache = {}
 
     def append(self, view_line):
         """Parse a view line, splitting it into depot and client
-           sides.  Append to self.mappings, preserving order."""
+           sides.  Append to self.mappings, preserving order.  This
+           is only needed for tag creation."""
 
         # Split the view line into exactly two words.  P4 enforces
         # structure on these lines that simplifies this quite a bit.
@@ -1461,76 +1839,62 @@ class View(object):
             depot_side = view_line[0:space_index]
             rhs_index = space_index + 1
 
-        if view_line[rhs_index] == '"':
-            # Second word is double quoted.  Make sure there is a
-            # double quote at the end too.
-            if not view_line.endswith('"'):
-                die("View line with rhs quote should end with one: %s" %
-                    view_line)
-            # skip the quotes
-            client_side = view_line[rhs_index+1:-1]
-        else:
-            client_side = view_line[rhs_index:]
-
         # prefix + means overlay on previous mapping
-        overlay = False
         if depot_side.startswith("+"):
-            overlay = True
             depot_side = depot_side[1:]
 
-        # prefix - means exclude this path
+        # prefix - means exclude this path, leave out of mappings
         exclude = False
         if depot_side.startswith("-"):
             exclude = True
             depot_side = depot_side[1:]
 
-        m = View.Mapping(depot_side, client_side, overlay, exclude)
-        self.mappings.append(m)
+        if not exclude:
+            self.mappings.append(depot_side)
 
-    def map_in_client(self, depot_path):
-        """Return the relative location in the client where this
-           depot file should live.  Returns "" if the file should
-           not be mapped in the client."""
+    def convert_client_path(self, clientFile):
+        # chop off //client/ part to make it relative
+        if not clientFile.startswith(self.client_prefix):
+            die("No prefix '%s' on clientFile '%s'" %
+                (self.client_prefix, clientFile))
+        return clientFile[len(self.client_prefix):]
 
-        paths_filled = []
-        client_path = ""
+    def update_client_spec_path_cache(self, files):
+        """ Caching file paths by "p4 where" batch query """
 
-        # look at later entries first
-        for m in self.mappings[::-1]:
+        # List depot file paths exclude that already cached
+        fileArgs = [f['path'] for f in files if f['path'] not in self.client_spec_path_cache]
 
-            # see where will this path end up in the client
-            p = m.map_depot_to_client(depot_path)
+        if len(fileArgs) == 0:
+            return  # All files in cache
 
-            if p == "":
-                # Depot path does not belong in client.  Must remember
-                # this, as previous items should not cause files to
-                # exist in this path either.  Remember that the list is
-                # being walked from the end, which has higher precedence.
-                # Overlap mappings do not exclude previous mappings.
-                if not m.overlay:
-                    paths_filled.append(m.client_side)
+        where_result = p4CmdList(["-x", "-", "where"], stdin=fileArgs)
+        for res in where_result:
+            if "code" in res and res["code"] == "error":
+                # assume error is "... file(s) not in client view"
+                continue
+            if "clientFile" not in res:
+                die("No clientFile in 'p4 where' output")
+            if "unmap" in res:
+                # it will list all of them, but only one not unmap-ped
+                continue
+            self.client_spec_path_cache[res['depotFile']] = self.convert_client_path(res["clientFile"])
 
-            else:
-                # This mapping matched; no need to search any further.
-                # But, the mapping could be rejected if the client path
-                # has already been claimed by an earlier mapping (i.e.
-                # one later in the list, which we are walking backwards).
-                already_mapped_in_client = False
-                for f in paths_filled:
-                    # this is View.Path.match
-                    if f.match(p):
-                        already_mapped_in_client = True
-                        break
-                if not already_mapped_in_client:
-                    # Include this file, unless it is from a line that
-                    # explicitly said to exclude it.
-                    if not m.exclude:
-                        client_path = p
+        # not found files or unmap files set to ""
+        for depotFile in fileArgs:
+            if depotFile not in self.client_spec_path_cache:
+                self.client_spec_path_cache[depotFile] = ""
 
-                # a match, even if rejected, always stops the search
-                break
+    def map_in_client(self, depot_path):
+        """Return the relative location in the client where this
+           depot file should live.  Returns "" if the file should
+           not be mapped in the client."""
 
-        return client_path
+        if depot_path in self.client_spec_path_cache:
+            return self.client_spec_path_cache[depot_path]
+
+        die( "Error: %s is not found in client spec path" % depot_path )
+        return ""
 
 class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
     delete_actions = ( "delete", "move/delete", "purge" )
@@ -1544,14 +1908,17 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                 optparse.make_option("--changesfile", dest="changesFile"),
                 optparse.make_option("--silent", dest="silent", action="store_true"),
                 optparse.make_option("--detect-labels", dest="detectLabels", action="store_true"),
-                optparse.make_option("--verbose", dest="verbose", action="store_true"),
+                optparse.make_option("--import-labels", dest="importLabels", action="store_true"),
                 optparse.make_option("--import-local", dest="importIntoRemotes", action="store_false",
                                      help="Import into refs/heads/ , not refs/remotes"),
                 optparse.make_option("--max-changes", dest="maxChanges"),
                 optparse.make_option("--keep-path", dest="keepRepoPath", action='store_true',
                                      help="Keep entire BRANCH/DIR/SUBDIR prefix during import"),
                 optparse.make_option("--use-client-spec", dest="useClientSpec", action='store_true',
-                                     help="Only sync files that are included in the Perforce Client Spec")
+                                     help="Only sync files that are included in the Perforce Client Spec"),
+                optparse.make_option("-/", dest="cloneExclude",
+                                     action="append", type="string",
+                                     help="exclude depot path"),
         ]
         self.description = """Imports from Perforce into a git repository.\n
     example:
@@ -1568,12 +1935,11 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
         self.branch = ""
         self.detectBranches = False
         self.detectLabels = False
+        self.importLabels = False
         self.changesFile = ""
         self.syncWithOrigin = True
-        self.verbose = False
         self.importIntoRemotes = True
         self.maxChanges = ""
-        self.isWindows = (platform.system() == "Windows")
         self.keepRepoPath = False
         self.depotPaths = None
         self.p4BranchesInGit = []
@@ -1587,22 +1953,11 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
         if gitConfig("git-p4.syncFromOrigin") == "false":
             self.syncWithOrigin = False
 
-    #
-    # P4 wildcards are not allowed in filenames.  P4 complains
-    # if you simply add them, but you can force it with "-f", in
-    # which case it translates them into %xx encoding internally.
-    # Search for and fix just these four characters.  Do % last so
-    # that fixing it does not inadvertently create new %-escapes.
-    #
-    def wildcard_decode(self, path):
-        # Cannot have * in a filename in windows; untested as to
-        # what p4 would do in such a case.
-        if not self.isWindows:
-            path = path.replace("%2A", "*")
-        path = path.replace("%23", "#") \
-                   .replace("%40", "@") \
-                   .replace("%25", "%")
-        return path
+    # This is required for the "append" cloneExclude action
+    def ensure_value(self, attr, value):
+        if not hasattr(self, attr) or getattr(self, attr) is None:
+            setattr(self, attr, value)
+        return getattr(self, attr)
 
     # Force a checkpoint in fast-import and wait for it to finish
     def checkpoint(self):
@@ -1640,19 +1995,45 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
         return files
 
     def stripRepoPath(self, path, prefixes):
-        if self.useClientSpec:
-            return self.clientSpecDirs.map_in_client(path)
+        """When streaming files, this is called to map a p4 depot path
+           to where it should go in git.  The prefixes are either
+           self.depotPaths, or self.branchPrefixes in the case of
+           branch detection."""
 
-        if self.keepRepoPath:
-            prefixes = [re.sub("^(//[^/]+/).*", r'\1', prefixes[0])]
+        if self.useClientSpec:
+            # branch detection moves files up a level (the branch name)
+            # from what client spec interpretation gives
+            path = self.clientSpecDirs.map_in_client(path)
+            if self.detectBranches:
+                for b in self.knownBranches:
+                    if path.startswith(b + "/"):
+                        path = path[len(b)+1:]
+
+        elif self.keepRepoPath:
+            # Preserve everything in relative path name except leading
+            # //depot/; just look at first prefix as they all should
+            # be in the same depot.
+            depot = re.sub("^(//[^/]+/).*", r'\1', prefixes[0])
+            if p4PathStartsWith(path, depot):
+                path = path[len(depot):]
 
-        for p in prefixes:
-            if p4PathStartsWith(path, p):
-                path = path[len(p):]
+        else:
+            for p in prefixes:
+                if p4PathStartsWith(path, p):
+                    path = path[len(p):]
+                    break
 
+        path = wildcard_decode(path)
         return path
 
     def splitFilesIntoBranches(self, commit):
+        """Look at each depotFile in the commit to figure out to what
+           branch it belongs."""
+
+        if self.clientSpecDirs:
+            files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(commit)
+            self.clientSpecDirs.update_client_spec_path_cache(files)
+
         branches = {}
         fnum = 0
         while commit.has_key("depotFile%s" % fnum):
@@ -1670,11 +2051,16 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             file["type"] = commit["type%s" % fnum]
             fnum = fnum + 1
 
-            relPath = self.stripRepoPath(path, self.depotPaths)
+            # start with the full relative path where this file would
+            # go in a p4 client
+            if self.useClientSpec:
+                relPath = self.clientSpecDirs.map_in_client(path)
+            else:
+                relPath = self.stripRepoPath(path, self.depotPaths)
 
             for branch in self.knownBranches.keys():
-
-                # add a trailing slash so that a commit into qt/4.2foo doesn't end up in qt/4.2
+                # add a trailing slash so that a commit into qt/4.2foo
+                # doesn't end up in qt/4.2, e.g.
                 if relPath.startswith(branch + "/"):
                     if branch not in branches:
                         branches[branch] = []
@@ -1688,7 +2074,6 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
     def streamOneP4File(self, file, contents):
         relPath = self.stripRepoPath(file['depotFile'], self.branchPrefixes)
-        relPath = self.wildcard_decode(relPath)
         if verbose:
             sys.stderr.write("%s\n" % relPath)
 
@@ -1699,9 +2084,20 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             git_mode = "100755"
         if type_base == "symlink":
             git_mode = "120000"
-            # p4 print on a symlink contains "target\n"; remove the newline
+            # p4 print on a symlink sometimes contains "target\n";
+            # if it does, remove the newline
             data = ''.join(contents)
-            contents = [data[:-1]]
+            if not data:
+                # Some version of p4 allowed creating a symlink that pointed
+                # to nothing.  This causes p4 errors when checking out such
+                # a change, and errors here too.  Work around it by ignoring
+                # the bad symlink; hopefully a future change fixes it.
+                print "\nIgnoring empty symlink in %s" % file['depotFile']
+                return
+            elif data[-1] == '\n':
+                contents = [data[:-1]]
+            else:
+                contents = [data]
 
         if type_base == "utf16":
             # p4 delivers different text in the python output to -G
@@ -1709,7 +2105,14 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             # operations.  utf16 is converted to ascii or utf8, perhaps.
             # But ascii text saved as -t utf16 is completely mangled.
             # Invoke print -o to get the real contents.
+            #
+            # On windows, the newlines will always be mangled by print, so put
+            # them back too.  This is not needed to the cygwin windows version,
+            # just the native "NT" type.
+            #
             text = p4_read_pipe(['print', '-q', '-o', '-', file['depotFile']])
+            if p4_version_string().find("/NT") >= 0:
+                text = text.replace("\r\n", "\n")
             contents = [ text ]
 
         if type_base == "apple":
@@ -1725,15 +2128,6 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             print "\nIgnoring apple filetype file %s" % file['depotFile']
             return
 
-        # Perhaps windows wants unicode, utf16 newlines translated too;
-        # but this is not doing it.
-        if self.isWindows and type_base == "text":
-            mangled = []
-            for data in contents:
-                data = data.replace("\r\n", "\n")
-                mangled.append(data)
-            contents = mangled
-
         # Note that we do not try to de-mangle keywords on utf16 files,
         # even though in theory somebody may want that.
         pattern = p4_keywords_regexp_for_type(type_base, type_mods)
@@ -1764,6 +2158,29 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
     # handle another chunk of streaming data
     def streamP4FilesCb(self, marshalled):
 
+        # catch p4 errors and complain
+        err = None
+        if "code" in marshalled:
+            if marshalled["code"] == "error":
+                if "data" in marshalled:
+                    err = marshalled["data"].rstrip()
+        if err:
+            f = None
+            if self.stream_have_file_info:
+                if "depotFile" in self.stream_file:
+                    f = self.stream_file["depotFile"]
+            # force a failure in fast-import, else an empty
+            # commit will be made
+            self.gitStream.write("\n")
+            self.gitStream.write("die-now\n")
+            self.gitStream.close()
+            # ignore errors, but make sure it exits first
+            self.importProcess.wait()
+            if f:
+                die("Error from p4 print for %s: %s" % (f, err))
+            else:
+                die("Error from p4 print: %s" % err)
+
         if marshalled.has_key('depotFile') and self.stream_have_file_info:
             # start of a new file - output the old one first
             self.streamOneP4File(self.stream_file, self.stream_contents)
@@ -1829,10 +2246,41 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
         else:
             return "%s <a@b>" % userid
 
-    def commit(self, details, files, branch, branchPrefixes, parent = ""):
+    # Stream a p4 tag
+    def streamTag(self, gitStream, labelName, labelDetails, commit, epoch):
+        if verbose:
+            print "writing tag %s for commit %s" % (labelName, commit)
+        gitStream.write("tag %s\n" % labelName)
+        gitStream.write("from %s\n" % commit)
+
+        if labelDetails.has_key('Owner'):
+            owner = labelDetails["Owner"]
+        else:
+            owner = None
+
+        # Try to use the owner of the p4 label, or failing that,
+        # the current p4 user id.
+        if owner:
+            email = self.make_email(owner)
+        else:
+            email = self.make_email(self.p4UserId())
+        tagger = "%s %s %s" % (email, epoch, self.tz)
+
+        gitStream.write("tagger %s\n" % tagger)
+
+        print "labelDetails=",labelDetails
+        if labelDetails.has_key('Description'):
+            description = labelDetails['Description']
+        else:
+            description = 'Label from git p4'
+
+        gitStream.write("data %d\n" % len(description))
+        gitStream.write(description)
+        gitStream.write("\n")
+
+    def commit(self, details, files, branch, parent = ""):
         epoch = details["time"]
         author = details["user"]
-        self.branchPrefixes = branchPrefixes
 
         if self.verbose:
             print "commit into %s" % branch
@@ -1841,11 +2289,14 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
         # create a commit.
         new_files = []
         for f in files:
-            if [p for p in branchPrefixes if p4PathStartsWith(f['path'], p)]:
+            if [p for p in self.branchPrefixes if p4PathStartsWith(f['path'], p)]:
                 new_files.append (f)
             else:
                 sys.stderr.write("Ignoring file outside of prefix: %s\n" % f['path'])
 
+        if self.clientSpecDirs:
+            self.clientSpecDirs.update_client_spec_path_cache(files)
+
         self.gitStream.write("commit %s\n" % branch)
 #        gitStream.write("mark :%s\n" % details["change"])
         self.committedChanges.add(int(details["change"]))
@@ -1858,8 +2309,8 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
         self.gitStream.write("data <<EOT\n")
         self.gitStream.write(details["desc"])
-        self.gitStream.write("\n[git-p4: depot-paths = \"%s\": change = %s"
-                             % (','.join (branchPrefixes), details["change"]))
+        self.gitStream.write("\n[git-p4: depot-paths = \"%s\": change = %s" %
+                             (','.join(self.branchPrefixes), details["change"]))
         if len(details['options']) > 0:
             self.gitStream.write(": options = %s" % details['options'])
         self.gitStream.write("]\nEOT\n\n")
@@ -1882,7 +2333,7 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                 print "Change %s is labelled %s" % (change, labelDetails)
 
             files = p4CmdList(["files"] + ["%s...@%s" % (p, change)
-                                                    for p in branchPrefixes])
+                                                for p in self.branchPrefixes])
 
             if len(files) == len(labelRevisions):
 
@@ -1893,25 +2344,7 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                     cleanedFiles[info["depotFile"]] = info["rev"]
 
                 if cleanedFiles == labelRevisions:
-                    self.gitStream.write("tag tag_%s\n" % labelDetails["label"])
-                    self.gitStream.write("from %s\n" % branch)
-
-                    owner = labelDetails["Owner"]
-
-                    # Try to use the owner of the p4 label, or failing that,
-                    # the current p4 user id.
-                    if owner:
-                        email = self.make_email(owner)
-                    else:
-                        email = self.make_email(self.p4UserId())
-                    tagger = "%s %s %s" % (email, epoch, self.tz)
-
-                    self.gitStream.write("tagger %s\n" % tagger)
-
-                    description = labelDetails["Description"]
-                    self.gitStream.write("data %d\n" % len(description))
-                    self.gitStream.write(description)
-                    self.gitStream.write("\n")
+                    self.streamTag(self.gitStream, 'tag_%s' % labelDetails['label'], labelDetails, branch, epoch)
 
                 else:
                     if not self.silent:
@@ -1923,6 +2356,7 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                     print ("Tag %s does not match with change %s: file count is different."
                            % (labelDetails["label"], change))
 
+    # Build a dictionary of changelists and labels, for "detect-labels" option.
     def getLabels(self):
         self.labels = {}
 
@@ -1949,6 +2383,69 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
         if self.verbose:
             print "Label changes: %s" % self.labels.keys()
 
+    # Import p4 labels as git tags. A direct mapping does not
+    # exist, so assume that if all the files are at the same revision
+    # then we can use that, or it's something more complicated we should
+    # just ignore.
+    def importP4Labels(self, stream, p4Labels):
+        if verbose:
+            print "import p4 labels: " + ' '.join(p4Labels)
+
+        ignoredP4Labels = gitConfigList("git-p4.ignoredP4Labels")
+        validLabelRegexp = gitConfig("git-p4.labelImportRegexp")
+        if len(validLabelRegexp) == 0:
+            validLabelRegexp = defaultLabelRegexp
+        m = re.compile(validLabelRegexp)
+
+        for name in p4Labels:
+            commitFound = False
+
+            if not m.match(name):
+                if verbose:
+                    print "label %s does not match regexp %s" % (name,validLabelRegexp)
+                continue
+
+            if name in ignoredP4Labels:
+                continue
+
+            labelDetails = p4CmdList(['label', "-o", name])[0]
+
+            # get the most recent changelist for each file in this label
+            change = p4Cmd(["changes", "-m", "1"] + ["%s...@%s" % (p, name)
+                                for p in self.depotPaths])
+
+            if change.has_key('change'):
+                # find the corresponding git commit; take the oldest commit
+                changelist = int(change['change'])
+                gitCommit = read_pipe(["git", "rev-list", "--max-count=1",
+                     "--reverse", ":/\[git-p4:.*change = %d\]" % changelist])
+                if len(gitCommit) == 0:
+                    print "could not find git commit for changelist %d" % changelist
+                else:
+                    gitCommit = gitCommit.strip()
+                    commitFound = True
+                    # Convert from p4 time format
+                    try:
+                        tmwhen = time.strptime(labelDetails['Update'], "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")
+                    except ValueError:
+                        print "Could not convert label time %s" % labelDetails['Update']
+                        tmwhen = 1
+
+                    when = int(time.mktime(tmwhen))
+                    self.streamTag(stream, name, labelDetails, gitCommit, when)
+                    if verbose:
+                        print "p4 label %s mapped to git commit %s" % (name, gitCommit)
+            else:
+                if verbose:
+                    print "Label %s has no changelists - possibly deleted?" % name
+
+            if not commitFound:
+                # We can't import this label; don't try again as it will get very
+                # expensive repeatedly fetching all the files for labels that will
+                # never be imported. If the label is moved in the future, the
+                # ignore will need to be removed manually.
+                system(["git", "config", "--add", "git-p4.ignoredP4Labels", name])
+
     def guessProjectName(self):
         for p in self.depotPaths:
             if p.endswith("/"):
@@ -2028,13 +2525,6 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                 branch = branch[len(self.projectName):]
             self.knownBranches[branch] = branch
 
-    def listExistingP4GitBranches(self):
-        # branches holds mapping from name to commit
-        branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
-        self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
-        for branch in branches.keys():
-            self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = branches[branch]
-
     def updateOptionDict(self, d):
         option_keys = {}
         if self.keepRepoPath:
@@ -2118,7 +2608,8 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
     def searchParent(self, parent, branch, target):
         parentFound = False
-        for blob in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--reverse", "--no-merges", parent]):
+        for blob in read_pipe_lines(["git", "rev-list", "--reverse",
+                                     "--no-merges", parent]):
             blob = blob.strip()
             if len(read_pipe(["git", "diff-tree", blob, target])) == 0:
                 parentFound = True
@@ -2133,7 +2624,7 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
     def importChanges(self, changes):
         cnt = 1
         for change in changes:
-            description = p4Cmd(["describe", str(change)])
+            description = p4_describe(change)
             self.updateOptionDict(description)
 
             if not self.silent:
@@ -2147,6 +2638,7 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                     for branch in branches.keys():
                         ## HACK  --hwn
                         branchPrefix = self.depotPaths[0] + branch + "/"
+                        self.branchPrefixes = [ branchPrefix ]
 
                         parent = ""
 
@@ -2188,23 +2680,24 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
                         blob = None
                         if len(parent) > 0:
-                            tempBranch = os.path.join(self.tempBranchLocation, "%d" % (change))
+                            tempBranch = "%s/%d" % (self.tempBranchLocation, change)
                             if self.verbose:
                                 print "Creating temporary branch: " + tempBranch
-                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, tempBranch, [branchPrefix])
+                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, tempBranch)
                             self.tempBranches.append(tempBranch)
                             self.checkpoint()
                             blob = self.searchParent(parent, branch, tempBranch)
                         if blob:
-                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, [branchPrefix], blob)
+                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, blob)
                         else:
                             if self.verbose:
                                 print "Parent of %s not found. Committing into head of %s" % (branch, parent)
-                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, [branchPrefix], parent)
+                            self.commit(description, filesForCommit, branch, parent)
                 else:
                     files = self.extractFilesFromCommit(description)
-                    self.commit(description, files, self.branch, self.depotPaths,
+                    self.commit(description, files, self.branch,
                                 self.initialParent)
+                    # only needed once, to connect to the previous commit
                     self.initialParent = ""
             except IOError:
                 print self.gitError.read()
@@ -2254,20 +2747,14 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
         details["change"] = newestRevision
 
-        # Use time from top-most change so that all git-p4 clones of
+        # Use time from top-most change so that all git p4 clones of
         # the same p4 repo have the same commit SHA1s.
-        res = p4CmdList("describe -s %d" % newestRevision)
-        newestTime = None
-        for r in res:
-            if r.has_key('time'):
-                newestTime = int(r['time'])
-        if newestTime is None:
-            die("\"describe -s\" on newest change %d did not give a time")
-        details["time"] = newestTime
+        res = p4_describe(newestRevision)
+        details["time"] = res["time"]
 
         self.updateOptionDict(details)
         try:
-            self.commit(details, self.extractFilesFromCommit(details), self.branch, self.depotPaths)
+            self.commit(details, self.extractFilesFromCommit(details), self.branch)
         except IOError:
             print "IO error with git fast-import. Is your git version recent enough?"
             print self.gitError.read()
@@ -2276,41 +2763,38 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
     def run(self, args):
         self.depotPaths = []
         self.changeRange = ""
-        self.initialParent = ""
         self.previousDepotPaths = []
+        self.hasOrigin = False
 
         # map from branch depot path to parent branch
         self.knownBranches = {}
         self.initialParents = {}
-        self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
-        if not self.syncWithOrigin:
-            self.hasOrigin = False
 
         if self.importIntoRemotes:
             self.refPrefix = "refs/remotes/p4/"
         else:
             self.refPrefix = "refs/heads/p4/"
 
-        if self.syncWithOrigin and self.hasOrigin:
-            if not self.silent:
-                print "Syncing with origin first by calling git fetch origin"
-            system("git fetch origin")
+        if self.syncWithOrigin:
+            self.hasOrigin = originP4BranchesExist()
+            if self.hasOrigin:
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print 'Syncing with origin first, using "git fetch origin"'
+                system("git fetch origin")
 
+        branch_arg_given = bool(self.branch)
         if len(self.branch) == 0:
             self.branch = self.refPrefix + "master"
             if gitBranchExists("refs/heads/p4") and self.importIntoRemotes:
                 system("git update-ref %s refs/heads/p4" % self.branch)
-                system("git branch -D p4");
-            # create it /after/ importing, when master exists
-            if not gitBranchExists(self.refPrefix + "HEAD") and self.importIntoRemotes and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
-                system("git symbolic-ref %sHEAD %s" % (self.refPrefix, self.branch))
+                system("git branch -D p4")
 
         # accept either the command-line option, or the configuration variable
         if self.useClientSpec:
             # will use this after clone to set the variable
             self.useClientSpec_from_options = True
         else:
-            if gitConfig("git-p4.useclientspec", "--bool") == "true":
+            if gitConfigBool("git-p4.useclientspec"):
                 self.useClientSpec = True
         if self.useClientSpec:
             self.clientSpecDirs = getClientSpec()
@@ -2320,12 +2804,25 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
         if args == []:
             if self.hasOrigin:
                 createOrUpdateBranchesFromOrigin(self.refPrefix, self.silent)
-            self.listExistingP4GitBranches()
+
+            # branches holds mapping from branch name to sha1
+            branches = p4BranchesInGit(self.importIntoRemotes)
+
+            # restrict to just this one, disabling detect-branches
+            if branch_arg_given:
+                short = self.branch.split("/")[-1]
+                if short in branches:
+                    self.p4BranchesInGit = [ short ]
+            else:
+                self.p4BranchesInGit = branches.keys()
 
             if len(self.p4BranchesInGit) > 1:
                 if not self.silent:
                     print "Importing from/into multiple branches"
                 self.detectBranches = True
+                for branch in branches.keys():
+                    self.initialParents[self.refPrefix + branch] = \
+                        branches[branch]
 
             if self.verbose:
                 print "branches: %s" % self.p4BranchesInGit
@@ -2362,13 +2859,21 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             if p4Change > 0:
                 self.depotPaths = sorted(self.previousDepotPaths)
                 self.changeRange = "@%s,#head" % p4Change
-                if not self.detectBranches:
-                    self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
                 if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
                     print "Performing incremental import into %s git branch" % self.branch
 
+        # accept multiple ref name abbreviations:
+        #    refs/foo/bar/branch -> use it exactly
+        #    p4/branch -> prepend refs/remotes/ or refs/heads/
+        #    branch -> prepend refs/remotes/p4/ or refs/heads/p4/
         if not self.branch.startswith("refs/"):
-            self.branch = "refs/heads/" + self.branch
+            if self.importIntoRemotes:
+                prepend = "refs/remotes/"
+            else:
+                prepend = "refs/heads/"
+            if not self.branch.startswith("p4/"):
+                prepend += "p4/"
+            self.branch = prepend + self.branch
 
         if len(args) == 0 and self.depotPaths:
             if not self.silent:
@@ -2425,6 +2930,8 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
         self.depotPaths = newPaths
 
+        # --detect-branches may change this for each branch
+        self.branchPrefixes = self.depotPaths
 
         self.loadUserMapFromCache()
         self.labels = {}
@@ -2451,12 +2958,13 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
         self.tz = "%+03d%02d" % (- time.timezone / 3600, ((- time.timezone % 3600) / 60))
 
-        importProcess = subprocess.Popen(["git", "fast-import"],
-                                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE);
-        self.gitOutput = importProcess.stdout
-        self.gitStream = importProcess.stdin
-        self.gitError = importProcess.stderr
+        self.importProcess = subprocess.Popen(["git", "fast-import"],
+                                              stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                              stderr=subprocess.PIPE);
+        self.gitOutput = self.importProcess.stdout
+        self.gitStream = self.importProcess.stdin
+        self.gitError = self.importProcess.stderr
 
         if revision:
             self.importHeadRevision(revision)
@@ -2474,10 +2982,23 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
 
                 changes.sort()
             else:
-                # catch "git-p4 sync" with no new branches, in a repo that
-                # does not have any existing git-p4 branches
-                if len(args) == 0 and not self.p4BranchesInGit:
-                    die("No remote p4 branches.  Perhaps you never did \"git p4 clone\" in here.");
+                # catch "git p4 sync" with no new branches, in a repo that
+                # does not have any existing p4 branches
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    if not self.p4BranchesInGit:
+                        die("No remote p4 branches.  Perhaps you never did \"git p4 clone\" in here.")
+
+                    # The default branch is master, unless --branch is used to
+                    # specify something else.  Make sure it exists, or complain
+                    # nicely about how to use --branch.
+                    if not self.detectBranches:
+                        if not branch_exists(self.branch):
+                            if branch_arg_given:
+                                die("Error: branch %s does not exist." % self.branch)
+                            else:
+                                die("Error: no branch %s; perhaps specify one with --branch." %
+                                    self.branch)
+
                 if self.verbose:
                     print "Getting p4 changes for %s...%s" % (', '.join(self.depotPaths),
                                                               self.changeRange)
@@ -2489,25 +3010,42 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
             if len(changes) == 0:
                 if not self.silent:
                     print "No changes to import!"
-                return True
+            else:
+                if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
+                    print "Import destination: %s" % self.branch
+
+                self.updatedBranches = set()
 
-            if not self.silent and not self.detectBranches:
-                print "Import destination: %s" % self.branch
+                if not self.detectBranches:
+                    if args:
+                        # start a new branch
+                        self.initialParent = ""
+                    else:
+                        # build on a previous revision
+                        self.initialParent = parseRevision(self.branch)
 
-            self.updatedBranches = set()
+                self.importChanges(changes)
 
-            self.importChanges(changes)
+                if not self.silent:
+                    print ""
+                    if len(self.updatedBranches) > 0:
+                        sys.stdout.write("Updated branches: ")
+                        for b in self.updatedBranches:
+                            sys.stdout.write("%s " % b)
+                        sys.stdout.write("\n")
 
-            if not self.silent:
-                print ""
-                if len(self.updatedBranches) > 0:
-                    sys.stdout.write("Updated branches: ")
-                    for b in self.updatedBranches:
-                        sys.stdout.write("%s " % b)
-                    sys.stdout.write("\n")
+        if gitConfigBool("git-p4.importLabels"):
+            self.importLabels = True
+
+        if self.importLabels:
+            p4Labels = getP4Labels(self.depotPaths)
+            gitTags = getGitTags()
+
+            missingP4Labels = p4Labels - gitTags
+            self.importP4Labels(self.gitStream, missingP4Labels)
 
         self.gitStream.close()
-        if importProcess.wait() != 0:
+        if self.importProcess.wait() != 0:
             die("fast-import failed: %s" % self.gitError.read())
         self.gitOutput.close()
         self.gitError.close()
@@ -2518,18 +3056,28 @@ class P4Sync(Command, P4UserMap):
                 read_pipe("git update-ref -d %s" % branch)
             os.rmdir(os.path.join(os.environ.get("GIT_DIR", ".git"), self.tempBranchLocation))
 
+        # Create a symbolic ref p4/HEAD pointing to p4/<branch> to allow
+        # a convenient shortcut refname "p4".
+        if self.importIntoRemotes:
+            head_ref = self.refPrefix + "HEAD"
+            if not gitBranchExists(head_ref) and gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+                system(["git", "symbolic-ref", head_ref, self.branch])
+
         return True
 
 class P4Rebase(Command):
     def __init__(self):
         Command.__init__(self)
-        self.options = [ ]
+        self.options = [
+                optparse.make_option("--import-labels", dest="importLabels", action="store_true"),
+        ]
+        self.importLabels = False
         self.description = ("Fetches the latest revision from perforce and "
                             + "rebases the current work (branch) against it")
-        self.verbose = False
 
     def run(self, args):
         sync = P4Sync()
+        sync.importLabels = self.importLabels
         sync.run([])
 
         return self.rebase()
@@ -2538,7 +3086,7 @@ class P4Rebase(Command):
         if os.system("git update-index --refresh") != 0:
             die("Some files in your working directory are modified and different than what is in your index. You can use git update-index <filename> to bring the index up-to-date or stash away all your changes with git stash.");
         if len(read_pipe("git diff-index HEAD --")) > 0:
-            die("You have uncommited changes. Please commit them before rebasing or stash them away with git stash.");
+            die("You have uncommitted changes. Please commit them before rebasing or stash them away with git stash.");
 
         [upstream, settings] = findUpstreamBranchPoint()
         if len(upstream) == 0:
@@ -2550,7 +3098,7 @@ class P4Rebase(Command):
         print "Rebasing the current branch onto %s" % upstream
         oldHead = read_pipe("git rev-parse HEAD").strip()
         system("git rebase %s" % upstream)
-        system("git diff-tree --stat --summary -M %s HEAD" % oldHead)
+        system("git diff-tree --stat --summary -M %s HEAD --" % oldHead)
         return True
 
 class P4Clone(P4Sync):
@@ -2562,9 +3110,6 @@ class P4Clone(P4Sync):
             optparse.make_option("--destination", dest="cloneDestination",
                                  action='store', default=None,
                                  help="where to leave result of the clone"),
-            optparse.make_option("-/", dest="cloneExclude",
-                                 action="append", type="string",
-                                 help="exclude depot path"),
             optparse.make_option("--bare", dest="cloneBare",
                                  action="store_true", default=False),
         ]
@@ -2572,12 +3117,6 @@ class P4Clone(P4Sync):
         self.needsGit = False
         self.cloneBare = False
 
-    # This is required for the "append" cloneExclude action
-    def ensure_value(self, attr, value):
-        if not hasattr(self, attr) or getattr(self, attr) is None:
-            setattr(self, attr, value)
-        return getattr(self, attr)
-
     def defaultDestination(self, args):
         ## TODO: use common prefix of args?
         depotPath = args[0]
@@ -2604,6 +3143,7 @@ class P4Clone(P4Sync):
         self.cloneExclude = ["/"+p for p in self.cloneExclude]
         for p in depotPaths:
             if not p.startswith("//"):
+                sys.stderr.write('Depot paths must start with "//": %s\n' % p)
                 return False
 
         if not self.cloneDestination:
@@ -2618,21 +3158,21 @@ class P4Clone(P4Sync):
         init_cmd = [ "git", "init" ]
         if self.cloneBare:
             init_cmd.append("--bare")
-        subprocess.check_call(init_cmd)
+        retcode = subprocess.call(init_cmd)
+        if retcode:
+            raise CalledProcessError(retcode, init_cmd)
 
         if not P4Sync.run(self, depotPaths):
             return False
-        if self.branch != "master":
-            if self.importIntoRemotes:
-                masterbranch = "refs/remotes/p4/master"
-            else:
-                masterbranch = "refs/heads/p4/master"
-            if gitBranchExists(masterbranch):
-                system("git branch master %s" % masterbranch)
-                if not self.cloneBare:
-                    system("git checkout -f")
-            else:
-                print "Could not detect main branch. No checkout/master branch created."
+
+        # create a master branch and check out a work tree
+        if gitBranchExists(self.branch):
+            system([ "git", "branch", "master", self.branch ])
+            if not self.cloneBare:
+                system([ "git", "checkout", "-f" ])
+        else:
+            print 'Not checking out any branch, use ' \
+                  '"git checkout -q -b master <branch>"'
 
         # auto-set this variable if invoked with --use-client-spec
         if self.useClientSpec_from_options:
@@ -2703,7 +3243,6 @@ def main():
         printUsage(commands.keys())
         sys.exit(2)
 
-    cmd = ""
     cmdName = sys.argv[1]
     try:
         klass = commands[cmdName]
@@ -2719,16 +3258,16 @@ def main():
 
     args = sys.argv[2:]
 
-    if len(options) > 0:
-        if cmd.needsGit:
-            options.append(optparse.make_option("--git-dir", dest="gitdir"))
+    options.append(optparse.make_option("--verbose", "-v", dest="verbose", action="store_true"))
+    if cmd.needsGit:
+        options.append(optparse.make_option("--git-dir", dest="gitdir"))
 
-        parser = optparse.OptionParser(cmd.usage.replace("%prog", "%prog " + cmdName),
-                                       options,
-                                       description = cmd.description,
-                                       formatter = HelpFormatter())
+    parser = optparse.OptionParser(cmd.usage.replace("%prog", "%prog " + cmdName),
+                                   options,
+                                   description = cmd.description,
+                                   formatter = HelpFormatter())
 
-        (cmd, args) = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[2:], cmd);
+    (cmd, args) = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[2:], cmd);
     global verbose
     verbose = cmd.verbose
     if cmd.needsGit:
diff --git a/git-parse-remote.sh b/git-parse-remote.sh
index b24119d69c..55fe8d56c9 100644
--- a/git-parse-remote.sh
+++ b/git-parse-remote.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# This is a shell library to calculate the remote repository and
+# upstream branch that should be pulled by "git pull" from the current
+# branch.
 
 # git-ls-remote could be called from outside a git managed repository;
 # this would fail in that case and would issue an error message.
@@ -57,34 +59,31 @@ error_on_missing_default_upstream () {
 	op_prep="$3"
 	example="$4"
 	branch_name=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
+	# If there's only one remote, use that in the suggestion
+	remote="<remote>"
+	if test $(git remote | wc -l) = 1
+	then
+		remote=$(git remote)
+	fi
+
 	if test -z "$branch_name"
 	then
-		echo "You are not currently on a branch, so I cannot use any
-'branch.<branchname>.merge' in your configuration file.
-Please specify which branch you want to $op_type $op_prep on the command
-line and try again (e.g. '$example').
-See git-${cmd}(1) for details."
+		echo "You are not currently on a branch. Please specify which
+branch you want to $op_type $op_prep. See git-${cmd}(1) for details.
+
+    $example
+"
 	else
-		echo "You asked me to $cmd without telling me which branch you
-want to $op_type $op_prep, and 'branch.${branch_name#refs/heads/}.merge' in
-your configuration file does not tell me, either. Please
-specify which branch you want to use on the command line and
-try again (e.g. '$example').
-See git-${cmd}(1) for details.
+		echo "There is no tracking information for the current branch.
+Please specify which branch you want to $op_type $op_prep.
+See git-${cmd}(1) for details
+
+    $example
 
-If you often $op_type $op_prep the same branch, you may want to
-use something like the following in your configuration file:
-    [branch \"${branch_name#refs/heads/}\"]
-    remote = <nickname>
-    merge = <remote-ref>"
-		test rebase = "$op_type" &&
-		echo "    rebase = true"
-		echo "
-    [remote \"<nickname>\"]
-    url = <url>
-    fetch = <refspec>
+If you wish to set tracking information for this branch you can do so with:
 
-See git-config(1) for details."
+    git branch --set-upstream-to=$remote/<branch> ${branch_name#refs/heads/}
+"
 	fi
 	exit 1
 }
diff --git a/git-pull.sh b/git-pull.sh
index 434c139f07..4d4fc77b05 100755
--- a/git-pull.sh
+++ b/git-pull.sh
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 #
 # Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.
 
-USAGE='[-n | --no-stat] [--[no-]commit] [--[no-]squash] [--[no-]ff] [-s strategy]... [<fetch-options>] <repo> <head>...'
-LONG_USAGE='Fetch one or more remote refs and merge it/them into the current HEAD.'
+USAGE='[-n | --no-stat] [--[no-]commit] [--[no-]squash] [--[no-]ff|--ff-only] [--[no-]rebase|--rebase=preserve] [-s strategy]... [<fetch-options>] <repo> <head>...'
+LONG_USAGE='Fetch one or more remote refs and integrate it/them with the current HEAD.'
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
 . git-sh-setup
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ die_conflict () {
     if [ $(git config --bool --get advice.resolveConflict || echo true) = "true" ]; then
 	die "$(gettext "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.
 Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'
-as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'.")"
+as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit.")"
     else
 	die "$(gettext "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.")"
     fi
@@ -38,16 +38,33 @@ Please, commit your changes before you can merge.")"
 test -z "$(git ls-files -u)" || die_conflict
 test -f "$GIT_DIR/MERGE_HEAD" && die_merge
 
+bool_or_string_config () {
+	git config --bool "$1" 2>/dev/null || git config "$1"
+}
+
 strategy_args= diffstat= no_commit= squash= no_ff= ff_only=
-log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules=
-merge_args= edit=
+log_arg= verbosity= progress= recurse_submodules= verify_signatures=
+merge_args= edit= rebase_args=
 curr_branch=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
 curr_branch_short="${curr_branch#refs/heads/}"
-rebase=$(git config --bool branch.$curr_branch_short.rebase)
+rebase=$(bool_or_string_config branch.$curr_branch_short.rebase)
 if test -z "$rebase"
 then
-	rebase=$(git config --bool pull.rebase)
+	rebase=$(bool_or_string_config pull.rebase)
 fi
+
+# Setup default fast-forward options via `pull.ff`
+pull_ff=$(git config pull.ff)
+case "$pull_ff" in
+false)
+	no_ff=--no-ff
+	;;
+only)
+	ff_only=--ff-only
+	;;
+esac
+
+
 dry_run=
 while :
 do
@@ -89,7 +106,7 @@ do
 	-s|--s|--st|--str|--stra|--strat|--strate|--strateg|--strategy)
 		case "$#,$1" in
 		*,*=*)
-			strategy=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'` ;;
+			strategy=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)') ;;
 		1,*)
 			usage ;;
 		*)
@@ -110,6 +127,9 @@ do
 		esac
 		merge_args="$merge_args$xx "
 		;;
+	-r=*|--r=*|--re=*|--reb=*|--reba=*|--rebas=*|--rebase=*)
+		rebase="${1#*=}"
+		;;
 	-r|--r|--re|--reb|--reba|--rebas|--rebase)
 		rebase=true
 		;;
@@ -125,6 +145,21 @@ do
 	--no-recurse-submodules)
 		recurse_submodules=--no-recurse-submodules
 		;;
+	--verify-signatures)
+		verify_signatures=--verify-signatures
+		;;
+	--no-verify-signatures)
+		verify_signatures=--no-verify-signatures
+		;;
+	--gpg-sign|-S)
+		gpg_sign_args=-S
+		;;
+	--gpg-sign=*)
+		gpg_sign_args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "-S${1#--gpg-sign=}")
+		;;
+	-S*)
+		gpg_sign_args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")
+		;;
 	--d|--dr|--dry|--dry-|--dry-r|--dry-ru|--dry-run)
 		dry_run=--dry-run
 		;;
@@ -139,13 +174,27 @@ do
 	shift
 done
 
+case "$rebase" in
+preserve)
+	rebase=true
+	rebase_args=--preserve-merges
+	;;
+true|false|'')
+	;;
+*)
+	echo "Invalid value for --rebase, should be true, false, or preserve"
+	usage
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
+
 error_on_no_merge_candidates () {
 	exec >&2
 	for opt
 	do
 		case "$opt" in
 		-t|--t|--ta|--tag|--tags)
-			echo "Fetching tags only, you probably meant:"
+			echo "It doesn't make sense to pull all tags; you probably meant:"
 			echo "  git fetch --tags"
 			exit 1
 		esac
@@ -160,9 +209,8 @@ error_on_no_merge_candidates () {
 		op_prep=with
 	fi
 
-	curr_branch=${curr_branch#refs/heads/}
-	upstream=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch.merge")
-	remote=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch.remote")
+	upstream=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch_short.merge")
+	remote=$(git config "branch.$curr_branch_short.remote")
 
 	if [ $# -gt 1 ]; then
 		if [ "$rebase" = true ]; then
@@ -180,7 +228,7 @@ error_on_no_merge_candidates () {
 	elif [ -z "$curr_branch" -o -z "$upstream" ]; then
 		. git-parse-remote
 		error_on_missing_default_upstream "pull" $op_type $op_prep \
-			"git pull <repository> <refspec>"
+			"git pull <remote> <branch>"
 	else
 		echo "Your configuration specifies to $op_type $op_prep the ref '${upstream#refs/heads/}'"
 		echo "from the remote, but no such ref was fetched."
@@ -200,17 +248,10 @@ test true = "$rebase" && {
 		require_clean_work_tree "pull with rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
 	fi
 	oldremoteref= &&
+	test -n "$curr_branch" &&
 	. git-parse-remote &&
 	remoteref="$(get_remote_merge_branch "$@" 2>/dev/null)" &&
-	oldremoteref="$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$remoteref")" &&
-	for reflog in $(git rev-list -g $remoteref 2>/dev/null)
-	do
-		if test "$reflog" = "$(git merge-base $reflog $curr_branch)"
-		then
-			oldremoteref="$reflog"
-			break
-		fi
-	done
+	oldremoteref=$(git merge-base --fork-point "$remoteref" $curr_branch 2>/dev/null)
 }
 orig_head=$(git rev-parse -q --verify HEAD)
 git fetch $verbosity $progress $dry_run $recurse_submodules --update-head-ok "$@" || exit 1
@@ -259,10 +300,17 @@ case "$merge_head" in
 	;;
 esac
 
+# Pulling into unborn branch: a shorthand for branching off
+# FETCH_HEAD, for lazy typers.
 if test -z "$orig_head"
 then
-	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head" &&
-	git read-tree -m -u HEAD || exit 1
+	# Two-way merge: we claim the index is based on an empty tree,
+	# and try to fast-forward to HEAD.  This ensures we will not
+	# lose index/worktree changes that the user already made on
+	# the unborn branch.
+	empty_tree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+	git read-tree -m -u $empty_tree $merge_head &&
+	git update-ref -m "initial pull" HEAD $merge_head "$curr_head"
 	exit
 fi
 
@@ -278,12 +326,14 @@ fi
 merge_name=$(git fmt-merge-msg $log_arg <"$GIT_DIR/FETCH_HEAD") || exit
 case "$rebase" in
 true)
-	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args"
+	eval="git-rebase $diffstat $strategy_args $merge_args $rebase_args $verbosity"
+	eval="$eval $gpg_sign_args"
 	eval="$eval --onto $merge_head ${oldremoteref:-$merge_head}"
 	;;
 *)
-	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $edit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
-	eval="$eval  $log_arg $strategy_args $merge_args $verbosity $progress"
+	eval="git-merge $diffstat $no_commit $verify_signatures $edit $squash $no_ff $ff_only"
+	eval="$eval $log_arg $strategy_args $merge_args $verbosity $progress"
+	eval="$eval $gpg_sign_args"
 	eval="$eval \"\$merge_name\" HEAD $merge_head"
 	;;
 esac
diff --git a/git-quiltimport.sh b/git-quiltimport.sh
index 9a6ba2b987..167d79fea8 100755
--- a/git-quiltimport.sh
+++ b/git-quiltimport.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
 git quiltimport [options]
 --
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ tmp_patch="$tmp_dir/patch"
 tmp_info="$tmp_dir/info"
 
 
-# Find the intial commit
+# Find the initial commit
 commit=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
 
 mkdir $tmp_dir || exit 2
diff --git a/git-rebase--am.sh b/git-rebase--am.sh
index c815a2412c..f923732333 100644
--- a/git-rebase--am.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--am.sh
@@ -1,30 +1,101 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# This shell script fragment is sourced by git-rebase to implement
+# its default, fast, patch-based, non-interactive mode.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-. git-sh-setup
+# The whole contents of this file is run by dot-sourcing it from
+# inside a shell function.  It used to be that "return"s we see
+# below were not inside any function, and expected to return
+# to the function that dot-sourced us.
+#
+# However, FreeBSD /bin/sh misbehaves on such a construct and
+# continues to run the statements that follow such a "return".
+# As a work-around, we introduce an extra layer of a function
+# here, and immediately call it after defining it.
+git_rebase__am () {
 
 case "$action" in
 continue)
-	git am --resolved --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
+	git am --resolved --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" \
+		${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} &&
 	move_to_original_branch
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 skip)
 	git am --skip --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
 	move_to_original_branch
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 esac
 
-test -n "$rebase_root" && root_flag=--root
+if test -z "$rebase_root"
+	# this is now equivalent to ! -z "$upstream"
+then
+	revisions=$upstream...$orig_head
+else
+	revisions=$onto...$orig_head
+fi
+
+ret=0
+if test -n "$keep_empty"
+then
+	# we have to do this the hard way.  git format-patch completely squashes
+	# empty commits and even if it didn't the format doesn't really lend
+	# itself well to recording empty patches.  fortunately, cherry-pick
+	# makes this easy
+	git cherry-pick ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} --allow-empty \
+		--right-only "$revisions" \
+		${restrict_revision+^$restrict_revision}
+	ret=$?
+else
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+
+	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --cherry-pick --right-only \
+		--src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ --no-renames --no-cover-letter \
+		"$revisions" ${restrict_revision+^$restrict_revision} \
+		>"$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+	ret=$?
+
+	if test 0 != $ret
+	then
+		rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+		case "$head_name" in
+		refs/heads/*)
+			git checkout -q "$head_name"
+			;;
+		*)
+			git checkout -q "$orig_head"
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		cat >&2 <<-EOF
+
+		git encountered an error while preparing the patches to replay
+		these revisions:
+
+		    $revisions
+
+		As a result, git cannot rebase them.
+		EOF
+		return $?
+	fi
+
+	git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" \
+		${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} <"$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+	ret=$?
+
+	rm -f "$GIT_DIR/rebased-patches"
+fi
+
+if test 0 != $ret
+then
+	test -d "$state_dir" && write_basic_state
+	return $ret
+fi
 
-git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index --ignore-if-in-upstream \
-	--src-prefix=a/ --dst-prefix=b/ \
-	--no-renames $root_flag "$revisions" |
-git am $git_am_opt --rebasing --resolvemsg="$resolvemsg" &&
 move_to_original_branch
-ret=$?
-test 0 != $ret -a -d "$state_dir" && write_basic_state
-exit $ret
+
+}
+# ... and then we call the whole thing.
+git_rebase__am
diff --git a/git-rebase--interactive.sh b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
index 5812222eb9..f7deeb096e 100644
--- a/git-rebase--interactive.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--interactive.sh
@@ -1,17 +1,12 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# This shell script fragment is sourced by git-rebase to implement
+# its interactive mode.  "git rebase --interactive" makes it easy
+# to fix up commits in the middle of a series and rearrange commits.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2006 Johannes E. Schindelin
-
-# SHORT DESCRIPTION
-#
-# This script makes it easy to fix up commits in the middle of a series,
-# and rearrange commits.
 #
 # The original idea comes from Eric W. Biederman, in
 # http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/22407
-
-. git-sh-setup
-
+#
 # The file containing rebase commands, comments, and empty lines.
 # This file is created by "git rebase -i" then edited by the user.  As
 # the lines are processed, they are removed from the front of this
@@ -59,6 +54,9 @@ rewritten="$state_dir"/rewritten
 
 dropped="$state_dir"/dropped
 
+end="$state_dir"/end
+msgnum="$state_dir"/msgnum
+
 # A script to set the GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
 # GIT_AUTHOR_DATE that will be used for the commit that is currently
 # being rebased.
@@ -79,9 +77,24 @@ amend="$state_dir"/amend
 rewritten_list="$state_dir"/rewritten-list
 rewritten_pending="$state_dir"/rewritten-pending
 
+strategy_args=
+if test -n "$do_merge"
+then
+	strategy_args=${strategy:+--strategy=$strategy}
+	eval '
+		for strategy_opt in '"$strategy_opts"'
+		do
+			strategy_args="$strategy_args -X$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "${strategy_opt#--}")"
+		done
+	'
+fi
+
 GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP="$resolvemsg"
 export GIT_CHERRY_PICK_HELP
 
+comment_char=$(git config --get core.commentchar 2>/dev/null | cut -c1)
+: ${comment_char:=#}
+
 warn () {
 	printf '%s\n' "$*" >&2
 }
@@ -107,8 +120,10 @@ mark_action_done () {
 	sed -e 1q < "$todo" >> "$done"
 	sed -e 1d < "$todo" >> "$todo".new
 	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
-	new_count=$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$done")
-	total=$(($new_count+$(sane_grep -c '^[^#]' < "$todo")))
+	new_count=$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$done" | wc -l)
+	echo $new_count >"$msgnum"
+	total=$(($new_count + $(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | wc -l)))
+	echo $total >"$end"
 	if test "$last_count" != "$new_count"
 	then
 		last_count=$new_count
@@ -117,6 +132,23 @@ mark_action_done () {
 	fi
 }
 
+append_todo_help () {
+	git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+Commands:
+ p, pick = use commit
+ r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+ e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+ s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+ f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+ x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+
+These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+
+If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+EOF
+}
+
 make_patch () {
 	sha1_and_parents="$(git rev-list --parents -1 "$1")"
 	case "$sha1_and_parents" in
@@ -147,9 +179,10 @@ exit_with_patch () {
 	echo "$1" > "$state_dir"/stopped-sha
 	make_patch $1
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD > "$amend"
+	gpg_sign_opt_quoted=${gpg_sign_opt:+$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$gpg_sign_opt")}
 	warn "You can amend the commit now, with"
 	warn
-	warn "	git commit --amend"
+	warn "	git commit --amend $gpg_sign_opt_quoted"
 	warn
 	warn "Once you are satisfied with your changes, run"
 	warn
@@ -164,7 +197,20 @@ die_abort () {
 }
 
 has_action () {
-	sane_grep '^[^#]' "$1" >/dev/null
+	test -n "$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$1")"
+}
+
+is_empty_commit() {
+	tree=$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$1"^{tree} 2>/dev/null ||
+		die "$1: not a commit that can be picked")
+	ptree=$(git rev-parse -q --verify "$1"^^{tree} 2>/dev/null ||
+		ptree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904)
+	test "$tree" = "$ptree"
+}
+
+is_merge_commit()
+{
+	git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$1"^2 >/dev/null 2>&1
 }
 
 # Run command with GIT_AUTHOR_NAME, GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL, and
@@ -191,12 +237,21 @@ git_sequence_editor () {
 
 pick_one () {
 	ff=--ff
+
 	case "$1" in -n) sha1=$2; ff= ;; *) sha1=$1 ;; esac
 	case "$force_rebase" in '') ;; ?*) ff= ;; esac
 	output git rev-parse --verify $sha1 || die "Invalid commit name: $sha1"
+
+	if is_empty_commit "$sha1"
+	then
+		empty_args="--allow-empty"
+	fi
+
 	test -d "$rewritten" &&
 		pick_one_preserving_merges "$@" && return
-	output git cherry-pick $ff "$@"
+	output eval git cherry-pick \
+			${gpg_sign_opt:+$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$gpg_sign_opt")} \
+			"$strategy_args" $empty_args $ff "$@"
 }
 
 pick_one_preserving_merges () {
@@ -297,9 +352,10 @@ pick_one_preserving_merges () {
 			msg_content="$(commit_message $sha1)"
 			# No point in merging the first parent, that's HEAD
 			new_parents=${new_parents# $first_parent}
-			if ! do_with_author output \
-				git merge --no-ff ${strategy:+-s $strategy} -m \
-					"$msg_content" $new_parents
+			merge_args="--no-log --no-ff"
+			if ! do_with_author output eval \
+			'git merge ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} \
+				$merge_args $strategy_args -m "$msg_content" $new_parents'
 			then
 				printf "%s\n" "$msg_content" > "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_MSG
 				die_with_patch $sha1 "Error redoing merge $sha1"
@@ -307,7 +363,9 @@ pick_one_preserving_merges () {
 			echo "$sha1 $(git rev-parse HEAD^0)" >> "$rewritten_list"
 			;;
 		*)
-			output git cherry-pick "$@" ||
+			output eval git cherry-pick \
+				${gpg_sign_opt:+$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$gpg_sign_opt")} \
+				"$strategy_args" "$@" ||
 				die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not pick $sha1"
 			;;
 		esac
@@ -328,10 +386,10 @@ update_squash_messages () {
 	if test -f "$squash_msg"; then
 		mv "$squash_msg" "$squash_msg".bak || exit
 		count=$(($(sed -n \
-			-e "1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
+			-e "1s/^. This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p" \
 			-e "q" < "$squash_msg".bak)+1))
 		{
-			echo "# This is a combination of $count commits."
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is a combination of $count commits."
 			sed -e 1d -e '2,/^./{
 				/^$/d
 			}' <"$squash_msg".bak
@@ -340,8 +398,8 @@ update_squash_messages () {
 		commit_message HEAD > "$fixup_msg" || die "Cannot write $fixup_msg"
 		count=2
 		{
-			echo "# This is a combination of 2 commits."
-			echo "# The first commit's message is:"
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is a combination of 2 commits."
+			printf '%s\n' "$comment_char The first commit's message is:"
 			echo
 			cat "$fixup_msg"
 		} >"$squash_msg"
@@ -350,21 +408,22 @@ update_squash_messages () {
 	squash)
 		rm -f "$fixup_msg"
 		echo
-		echo "# This is the $(nth_string $count) commit message:"
+		printf '%s\n' "$comment_char This is the $(nth_string $count) commit message:"
 		echo
 		commit_message $2
 		;;
 	fixup)
 		echo
-		echo "# The $(nth_string $count) commit message will be skipped:"
+		printf '%s\n' "$comment_char The $(nth_string $count) commit message will be skipped:"
 		echo
-		commit_message $2 | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
+		# Change the space after the comment character to TAB:
+		commit_message $2 | git stripspace --comment-lines | sed -e 's/ /	/'
 		;;
 	esac >>"$squash_msg"
 }
 
 peek_next_command () {
-	sed -n -e "/^#/d" -e '/^$/d' -e "s/ .*//p" -e "q" < "$todo"
+	git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | sed -n -e 's/ .*//p' -e q
 }
 
 # A squash/fixup has failed.  Prepare the long version of the squash
@@ -402,28 +461,50 @@ record_in_rewritten() {
 	esac
 }
 
+do_pick () {
+	if test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$squash_onto"
+	then
+		# Set the correct commit message and author info on the
+		# sentinel root before cherry-picking the original changes
+		# without committing (-n).  Finally, update the sentinel again
+		# to include these changes.  If the cherry-pick results in a
+		# conflict, this means our behaviour is similar to a standard
+		# failed cherry-pick during rebase, with a dirty index to
+		# resolve before manually running git commit --amend then git
+		# rebase --continue.
+		git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message --amend \
+			   --no-post-rewrite -n -q -C $1 &&
+			pick_one -n $1 &&
+			git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message \
+				   --amend --no-post-rewrite -n -q -C $1 \
+				   ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
+			die_with_patch $1 "Could not apply $1... $2"
+	else
+		pick_one $1 ||
+			die_with_patch $1 "Could not apply $1... $2"
+	fi
+}
+
 do_next () {
 	rm -f "$msg" "$author_script" "$amend" || exit
 	read -r command sha1 rest < "$todo"
 	case "$command" in
-	'#'*|''|noop)
+	"$comment_char"*|''|noop)
 		mark_action_done
 		;;
 	pick|p)
 		comment_for_reflog pick
 
 		mark_action_done
-		pick_one $sha1 ||
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
+		do_pick $sha1 "$rest"
 		record_in_rewritten $sha1
 		;;
 	reword|r)
 		comment_for_reflog reword
 
 		mark_action_done
-		pick_one $sha1 ||
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
-		git commit --amend --no-post-rewrite || {
+		do_pick $sha1 "$rest"
+		git commit --amend --no-post-rewrite ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} || {
 			warn "Could not amend commit after successfully picking $sha1... $rest"
 			warn "This is most likely due to an empty commit message, or the pre-commit hook"
 			warn "failed. If the pre-commit hook failed, you may need to resolve the issue before"
@@ -436,8 +517,7 @@ do_next () {
 		comment_for_reflog edit
 
 		mark_action_done
-		pick_one $sha1 ||
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Could not apply $sha1... $rest"
+		do_pick $sha1 "$rest"
 		warn "Stopped at $sha1... $rest"
 		exit_with_patch $sha1 0
 		;;
@@ -460,25 +540,31 @@ do_next () {
 		author_script_content=$(get_author_ident_from_commit HEAD)
 		echo "$author_script_content" > "$author_script"
 		eval "$author_script_content"
-		output git reset --soft HEAD^
-		pick_one -n $sha1 || die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
+		if ! pick_one -n $sha1
+		then
+			git rev-parse --verify HEAD >"$amend"
+			die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
+		fi
 		case "$(peek_next_command)" in
 		squash|s|fixup|f)
 			# This is an intermediate commit; its message will only be
 			# used in case of trouble.  So use the long version:
-			do_with_author output git commit --no-verify -F "$squash_msg" ||
+			do_with_author output git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$squash_msg" \
+				${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
 				die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
 			;;
 		*)
 			# This is the final command of this squash/fixup group
 			if test -f "$fixup_msg"
 			then
-				do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$fixup_msg" ||
+				do_with_author git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$fixup_msg" \
+					${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
 					die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
 			else
 				cp "$squash_msg" "$GIT_DIR"/SQUASH_MSG || exit
 				rm -f "$GIT_DIR"/MERGE_MSG
-				do_with_author git commit --no-verify -e ||
+				do_with_author git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$GIT_DIR"/SQUASH_MSG -e \
+					${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
 					die_failed_squash $sha1 "$rest"
 			fi
 			rm -f "$squash_msg" "$fixup_msg"
@@ -508,6 +594,10 @@ do_next () {
 			warn
 			warn "	git rebase --continue"
 			warn
+			if test $status -eq 127		# command not found
+			then
+				status=1
+			fi
 			exit "$status"
 		elif test "$dirty" = t
 		then
@@ -522,22 +612,22 @@ do_next () {
 		;;
 	*)
 		warn "Unknown command: $command $sha1 $rest"
+		fixtodo="Please fix this using 'git rebase --edit-todo'."
 		if git rev-parse --verify -q "$sha1" >/dev/null
 		then
-			die_with_patch $sha1 "Please fix this in the file $todo."
+			die_with_patch $sha1 "$fixtodo"
 		else
-			die "Please fix this in the file $todo."
+			die "$fixtodo"
 		fi
 		;;
 	esac
 	test -s "$todo" && return
 
 	comment_for_reflog finish &&
-	shortonto=$(git rev-parse --short $onto) &&
 	newhead=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	case $head_name in
 	refs/*)
-		message="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $head_name onto $shortonto" &&
+		message="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: $head_name onto $onto" &&
 		git update-ref -m "$message" $head_name $newhead $orig_head &&
 		git symbolic-ref \
 		  -m "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: returning to $head_name" \
@@ -557,17 +647,16 @@ do_next () {
 		"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite rebase < "$rewritten_list"
 		true # we don't care if this hook failed
 	fi &&
-	rm -rf "$state_dir" &&
-	git gc --auto &&
 	warn "Successfully rebased and updated $head_name."
 
-	exit
+	return 1 # not failure; just to break the do_rest loop
 }
 
+# can only return 0, when the infinite loop breaks
 do_rest () {
 	while :
 	do
-		do_next
+		do_next || break
 	done
 }
 
@@ -590,7 +679,7 @@ skip_unnecessary_picks () {
 				;;
 			esac
 			;;
-		3,#*|3,)
+		3,"$comment_char"*|3,)
 			# copy comments
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -608,6 +697,32 @@ skip_unnecessary_picks () {
 	die "Could not skip unnecessary pick commands"
 }
 
+transform_todo_ids () {
+	while read -r command rest
+	do
+		case "$command" in
+		"$comment_char"* | exec)
+			# Be careful for oddball commands like 'exec'
+			# that do not have a SHA-1 at the beginning of $rest.
+			;;
+		*)
+			sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$@" ${rest%% *}) &&
+			rest="$sha1 ${rest#* }"
+			;;
+		esac
+		printf '%s\n' "$command${rest:+ }$rest"
+	done <"$todo" >"$todo.new" &&
+	mv -f "$todo.new" "$todo"
+}
+
+expand_todo_ids() {
+	transform_todo_ids
+}
+
+collapse_todo_ids() {
+	transform_todo_ids --short
+}
+
 # Rearrange the todo list that has both "pick sha1 msg" and
 # "pick sha1 fixup!/squash! msg" appears in it so that the latter
 # comes immediately after the former, and change "pick" to
@@ -619,8 +734,22 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 		case "$message" in
 		"squash! "*|"fixup! "*)
 			action="${message%%!*}"
-			rest="${message#*! }"
-			echo "$sha1 $action $rest"
+			rest=$message
+			prefix=
+			# skip all squash! or fixup! (but save for later)
+			while :
+			do
+				case "$rest" in
+				"squash! "*|"fixup! "*)
+					prefix="$prefix${rest%%!*},"
+					rest="${rest#*! }"
+					;;
+				*)
+					break
+					;;
+				esac
+			done
+			printf '%s %s %s %s\n' "$sha1" "$action" "$prefix" "$rest"
 			# if it's a single word, try to resolve to a full sha1 and
 			# emit a second copy. This allows us to match on both message
 			# and on sha1 prefix
@@ -629,7 +758,7 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 				if test -n "$fullsha"; then
 					# prefix the action to uniquely identify this line as
 					# intended for full sha1 match
-					echo "$sha1 +$action $fullsha"
+					echo "$sha1 +$action $prefix $fullsha"
 				fi
 			fi
 		esac
@@ -644,7 +773,7 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 		esac
 		printf '%s\n' "$pick $sha1 $message"
 		used="$used$sha1 "
-		while read -r squash action msg_content
+		while read -r squash action msg_prefix msg_content
 		do
 			case " $used" in
 			*" $squash "*) continue ;;
@@ -660,7 +789,8 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 				case "$message" in "$msg_content"*) emit=1;; esac ;;
 			esac
 			if test $emit = 1; then
-				printf '%s\n' "$action $squash $action! $msg_content"
+				real_prefix=$(echo "$msg_prefix" | sed "s/,/! /g")
+				printf '%s\n' "$action $squash ${real_prefix}$msg_content"
 				used="$used$squash "
 			fi
 		done <"$1.sq"
@@ -669,23 +799,56 @@ rearrange_squash () {
 	rm -f "$1.sq" "$1.rearranged"
 }
 
+# Add commands after a pick or after a squash/fixup serie
+# in the todo list.
+add_exec_commands () {
+	{
+		first=t
+		while read -r insn rest
+		do
+			case $insn in
+			pick)
+				test -n "$first" ||
+				printf "%s" "$cmd"
+				;;
+			esac
+			printf "%s %s\n" "$insn" "$rest"
+			first=
+		done
+		printf "%s" "$cmd"
+	} <"$1" >"$1.new" &&
+	mv "$1.new" "$1"
+}
+
+# The whole contents of this file is run by dot-sourcing it from
+# inside a shell function.  It used to be that "return"s we see
+# below were not inside any function, and expected to return
+# to the function that dot-sourced us.
+#
+# However, FreeBSD /bin/sh misbehaves on such a construct and
+# continues to run the statements that follow such a "return".
+# As a work-around, we introduce an extra layer of a function
+# here, and immediately call it after defining it.
+git_rebase__interactive () {
+
 case "$action" in
 continue)
 	# do we have anything to commit?
-	if git diff-index --cached --quiet --ignore-submodules HEAD --
+	if git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD --
 	then
 		: Nothing to commit -- skip this
 	else
 		if ! test -f "$author_script"
 		then
+			gpg_sign_opt_quoted=${gpg_sign_opt:+$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$gpg_sign_opt")}
 			die "You have staged changes in your working tree. If these changes are meant to be
 squashed into the previous commit, run:
 
-  git commit --amend
+  git commit --amend $gpg_sign_opt_quoted
 
 If they are meant to go into a new commit, run:
 
-  git commit
+  git commit $gpg_sign_opt_quoted
 
 In both case, once you're done, continue with:
 
@@ -694,7 +857,6 @@ In both case, once you're done, continue with:
 		fi
 		. "$author_script" ||
 			die "Error trying to find the author identity to amend commit"
-		current_head=
 		if test -f "$amend"
 		then
 			current_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
@@ -702,24 +864,46 @@ In both case, once you're done, continue with:
 			die "\
 You have uncommitted changes in your working tree. Please, commit them
 first and then run 'git rebase --continue' again."
-			git reset --soft HEAD^ ||
-			die "Cannot rewind the HEAD"
+			do_with_author git commit --amend --no-verify -F "$msg" -e \
+				${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
+				die "Could not commit staged changes."
+		else
+			do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$msg" -e \
+				${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} ||
+				die "Could not commit staged changes."
 		fi
-		do_with_author git commit --no-verify -F "$msg" -e || {
-			test -n "$current_head" && git reset --soft $current_head
-			die "Could not commit staged changes."
-		}
 	fi
 
 	record_in_rewritten "$(cat "$state_dir"/stopped-sha)"
 
 	require_clean_work_tree "rebase"
 	do_rest
+	return 0
 	;;
 skip)
 	git rerere clear
 
 	do_rest
+	return 0
+	;;
+edit-todo)
+	git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" >"$todo".new
+	mv -f "$todo".new "$todo"
+	collapse_todo_ids
+	append_todo_help
+	git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+You are editing the todo file of an ongoing interactive rebase.
+To continue rebase after editing, run:
+    git rebase --continue
+
+EOF
+
+	git_sequence_editor "$todo" ||
+		die "Could not execute editor"
+	expand_todo_ids
+
+	exit
 	;;
 esac
 
@@ -730,12 +914,15 @@ comment_for_reflog start
 
 if test ! -z "$switch_to"
 then
+	GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $switch_to"
 	output git checkout "$switch_to" -- ||
-		die "Could not checkout $switch_to"
+	die "Could not checkout $switch_to"
+
+	comment_for_reflog start
 fi
 
 orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || die "No HEAD?"
-mkdir "$state_dir" || die "Could not create temporary $state_dir"
+mkdir -p "$state_dir" || die "Could not create temporary $state_dir"
 
 : > "$state_dir"/interactive || die "Could not mark as interactive"
 write_basic_state
@@ -774,17 +961,23 @@ else
 	revisions=$onto...$orig_head
 	shortrevisions=$shorthead
 fi
-git rev-list $merges_option --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit \
-	--abbrev=7 --reverse --left-right --topo-order \
-	$revisions | \
+git rev-list $merges_option --pretty=oneline --reverse --left-right --topo-order \
+	$revisions ${restrict_revision+^$restrict_revision} | \
 	sed -n "s/^>//p" |
-while read -r shortsha1 rest
+while read -r sha1 rest
 do
+
+	if test -z "$keep_empty" && is_empty_commit $sha1 && ! is_merge_commit $sha1
+	then
+		comment_out="$comment_char "
+	else
+		comment_out=
+	fi
+
 	if test t != "$preserve_merges"
 	then
-		printf '%s\n' "pick $shortsha1 $rest" >> "$todo"
+		printf '%s\n' "${comment_out}pick $sha1 $rest" >>"$todo"
 	else
-		sha1=$(git rev-parse $shortsha1)
 		if test -z "$rebase_root"
 		then
 			preserve=t
@@ -801,7 +994,7 @@ do
 		if test f = "$preserve"
 		then
 			touch "$rewritten"/$sha1
-			printf '%s\n' "pick $shortsha1 $rest" >> "$todo"
+			printf '%s\n' "${comment_out}pick $sha1 $rest" >>"$todo"
 		fi
 	fi
 done
@@ -818,15 +1011,15 @@ then
 	git rev-list $revisions |
 	while read rev
 	do
-		if test -f "$rewritten"/$rev -a "$(sane_grep "$rev" "$state_dir"/not-cherry-picks)" = ""
+		if test -f "$rewritten"/$rev && test "$(sane_grep "$rev" "$state_dir"/not-cherry-picks)" = ""
 		then
 			# Use -f2 because if rev-list is telling us this commit is
 			# not worthwhile, we don't want to track its multiple heads,
 			# just the history of its first-parent for others that will
 			# be rebasing on top of it
 			git rev-list --parents -1 $rev | cut -d' ' -s -f2 > "$dropped"/$rev
-			short=$(git rev-list -1 --abbrev-commit --abbrev=7 $rev)
-			sane_grep -v "^[a-z][a-z]* $short" <"$todo" > "${todo}2" ; mv "${todo}2" "$todo"
+			sha1=$(git rev-list -1 $rev)
+			sane_grep -v "^[a-z][a-z]* $sha1" <"$todo" > "${todo}2" ; mv "${todo}2" "$todo"
 			rm "$rewritten"/$rev
 		fi
 	done
@@ -834,35 +1027,48 @@ fi
 
 test -s "$todo" || echo noop >> "$todo"
 test -n "$autosquash" && rearrange_squash "$todo"
-cat >> "$todo" << EOF
+test -n "$cmd" && add_exec_commands "$todo"
+
+todocount=$(git stripspace --strip-comments <"$todo" | wc -l)
+todocount=${todocount##* }
+
+cat >>"$todo" <<EOF
+
+$comment_char Rebase $shortrevisions onto $shortonto ($todocount command(s))
+EOF
+append_todo_help
+git stripspace --comment-lines >>"$todo" <<\EOF
+
+However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
 
-# Rebase $shortrevisions onto $shortonto
-#
-# Commands:
-#  p, pick = use commit
-#  r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
-#  e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
-#  s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
-#  f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
-#  x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
-#
-# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
-# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
-#
 EOF
 
+if test -z "$keep_empty"
+then
+	printf '%s\n' "$comment_char Note that empty commits are commented out" >>"$todo"
+fi
+
+
 has_action "$todo" ||
-	die_abort "Nothing to do"
+	return 2
 
 cp "$todo" "$todo".backup
+collapse_todo_ids
 git_sequence_editor "$todo" ||
 	die_abort "Could not execute editor"
 
 has_action "$todo" ||
-	die_abort "Nothing to do"
+	return 2
+
+expand_todo_ids
 
 test -d "$rewritten" || test -n "$force_rebase" || skip_unnecessary_picks
 
+GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $onto_name"
 output git checkout $onto || die_abort "could not detach HEAD"
 git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
 do_rest
+
+}
+# ... and then we call the whole thing.
+git_rebase__interactive
diff --git a/git-rebase--merge.sh b/git-rebase--merge.sh
index dc599077f0..d3fb67d75b 100644
--- a/git-rebase--merge.sh
+++ b/git-rebase--merge.sh
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# This shell script fragment is sourced by git-rebase to implement
+# its merge-based non-interactive mode that copes well with renamed
+# files.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-. git-sh-setup
-
 prec=4
 
 read_state () {
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ continue_merge () {
 		die "$resolvemsg"
 	fi
 
-	cmt=`cat "$state_dir/current"`
+	cmt=$(cat "$state_dir/current")
 	if ! git diff-index --quiet --ignore-submodules HEAD --
 	then
-		if ! git commit --no-verify -C "$cmt"
+		if ! git commit ${gpg_sign_opt:+"$gpg_sign_opt"} --no-verify -C "$cmt"
 		then
 			echo "Commit failed, please do not call \"git commit\""
 			echo "directly, but instead do one of the following: "
@@ -53,11 +53,12 @@ continue_merge () {
 }
 
 call_merge () {
-	cmt="$(cat "$state_dir/cmt.$1")"
+	msgnum="$1"
+	echo "$msgnum" >"$state_dir/msgnum"
+	cmt="$(cat "$state_dir/cmt.$msgnum")"
 	echo "$cmt" > "$state_dir/current"
 	hd=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 	cmt_name=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD 2> /dev/null || echo HEAD)
-	msgnum=$(cat "$state_dir/msgnum")
 	eval GITHEAD_$cmt='"${cmt_name##refs/heads/}~$(($end - $msgnum))"'
 	eval GITHEAD_$hd='$onto_name'
 	export GITHEAD_$cmt GITHEAD_$hd
@@ -98,10 +99,20 @@ finish_rb_merge () {
 			"$GIT_DIR"/hooks/post-rewrite rebase <"$state_dir"/rewritten
 		fi
 	fi
-	rm -r "$state_dir"
 	say All done.
 }
 
+# The whole contents of this file is run by dot-sourcing it from
+# inside a shell function.  It used to be that "return"s we see
+# below were not inside any function, and expected to return
+# to the function that dot-sourced us.
+#
+# However, FreeBSD /bin/sh misbehaves on such a construct and
+# continues to run the statements that follow such a "return".
+# As a work-around, we introduce an extra layer of a function
+# here, and immediately call it after defining it.
+git_rebase__merge () {
+
 case "$action" in
 continue)
 	read_state
@@ -112,7 +123,7 @@ continue)
 		continue_merge
 	done
 	finish_rb_merge
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 skip)
 	read_state
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@ skip)
 		continue_merge
 	done
 	finish_rb_merge
-	exit
+	return
 	;;
 esac
 
@@ -133,7 +144,7 @@ echo "$onto_name" > "$state_dir/onto_name"
 write_basic_state
 
 msgnum=0
-for cmt in `git rev-list --reverse --no-merges "$revisions"`
+for cmt in $(git rev-list --reverse --no-merges "$revisions")
 do
 	msgnum=$(($msgnum + 1))
 	echo "$cmt" > "$state_dir/cmt.$msgnum"
@@ -152,3 +163,7 @@ do
 done
 
 finish_rb_merge
+
+}
+# ... and then we call the whole thing.
+git_rebase__merge
diff --git a/git-rebase.sh b/git-rebase.sh
index 00ca7b99fe..55da9db818 100755
--- a/git-rebase.sh
+++ b/git-rebase.sh
@@ -3,46 +3,27 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano.
 #
 
-USAGE='[--interactive | -i] [-v] [--force-rebase | -f] [--no-ff] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>|--root] [<branch>] [--quiet | -q]'
-LONG_USAGE='git-rebase replaces <branch> with a new branch of the
-same name.  When the --onto option is provided the new branch starts
-out with a HEAD equal to <newbase>, otherwise it is equal to <upstream>
-It then attempts to create a new commit for each commit from the original
-<branch> that does not exist in the <upstream> branch.
-
-It is possible that a merge failure will prevent this process from being
-completely automatic.  You will have to resolve any such merge failure
-and run git rebase --continue.  Another option is to bypass the commit
-that caused the merge failure with git rebase --skip.  To check out the
-original <branch> and remove the .git/rebase-apply working files, use the
-command git rebase --abort instead.
-
-Note that if <branch> is not specified on the command line, the
-currently checked out branch is used.
-
-Example:       git-rebase master~1 topic
-
-	A---B---C topic                   A'\''--B'\''--C'\'' topic
-       /                   -->           /
-  D---E---F---G master          D---E---F---G master
-'
-
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=t
 OPTIONS_SPEC="\
-git rebase [-i] [options] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>] [<branch>]
-git rebase [-i] [options] --onto <newbase> --root [<branch>]
-git-rebase [-i] --continue | --abort | --skip
+git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] [<upstream>] [<branch>]
+git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] --root [<branch>]
+git-rebase --continue | --abort | --skip | --edit-todo
 --
  Available options are
 v,verbose!         display a diffstat of what changed upstream
 q,quiet!           be quiet. implies --no-stat
+autostash!         automatically stash/stash pop before and after
+fork-point         use 'merge-base --fork-point' to refine upstream
 onto=!             rebase onto given branch instead of upstream
 p,preserve-merges! try to recreate merges instead of ignoring them
 s,strategy=!       use the given merge strategy
 no-ff!             cherry-pick all commits, even if unchanged
 m,merge!           use merging strategies to rebase
 i,interactive!     let the user edit the list of commits to rebase
+x,exec=!           add exec lines after each commit of the editable list
+k,keep-empty	   preserve empty commits during rebase
 f,force-rebase!    force rebase even if branch is up to date
 X,strategy-option=! pass the argument through to the merge strategy
 stat!              display a diffstat of what changed upstream
@@ -56,12 +37,15 @@ ignore-date!       passed to 'git am'
 whitespace=!       passed to 'git apply'
 ignore-whitespace! passed to 'git apply'
 C=!                passed to 'git apply'
+S,gpg-sign?        GPG-sign commits
  Actions:
 continue!          continue
 abort!             abort and check out the original branch
 skip!              skip current patch and continue
+edit-todo!         edit the todo list during an interactive rebase
 "
 . git-sh-setup
+. git-sh-i18n
 set_reflog_action rebase
 require_work_tree_exists
 cd_to_toplevel
@@ -70,11 +54,13 @@ LF='
 '
 ok_to_skip_pre_rebase=
 resolvemsg="
-When you have resolved this problem run \"git rebase --continue\".
-If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"git rebase --skip\".
-To check out the original branch and stop rebasing run \"git rebase --abort\".
+$(gettext 'When you have resolved this problem, run "git rebase --continue".
+If you prefer to skip this patch, run "git rebase --skip" instead.
+To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run "git rebase --abort".')
 "
 unset onto
+unset restrict_revision
+cmd=
 strategy=
 strategy_opts=
 do_merge=
@@ -83,6 +69,8 @@ apply_dir="$GIT_DIR"/rebase-apply
 verbose=
 diffstat=
 test "$(git config --bool rebase.stat)" = true && diffstat=t
+autostash="$(git config --bool rebase.autostash || echo false)"
+fork_point=auto
 git_am_opt=
 rebase_root=
 force_rebase=
@@ -97,9 +85,13 @@ state_dir=
 action=
 preserve_merges=
 autosquash=
+keep_empty=
 test "$(git config --bool rebase.autosquash)" = "true" && autosquash=t
+gpg_sign_opt=
 
 read_basic_state () {
+	test -f "$state_dir/head-name" &&
+	test -f "$state_dir/onto" &&
 	head_name=$(cat "$state_dir"/head-name) &&
 	onto=$(cat "$state_dir"/onto) &&
 	# We always write to orig-head, but interactive rebase used to write to
@@ -118,6 +110,8 @@ read_basic_state () {
 		strategy_opts="$(cat "$state_dir"/strategy_opts)"
 	test -f "$state_dir"/allow_rerere_autoupdate &&
 		allow_rerere_autoupdate="$(cat "$state_dir"/allow_rerere_autoupdate)"
+	test -f "$state_dir"/gpg_sign_opt &&
+		gpg_sign_opt="$(cat "$state_dir"/gpg_sign_opt)"
 }
 
 write_basic_state () {
@@ -131,6 +125,7 @@ write_basic_state () {
 		"$state_dir"/strategy_opts
 	test -n "$allow_rerere_autoupdate" && echo "$allow_rerere_autoupdate" > \
 		"$state_dir"/allow_rerere_autoupdate
+	test -n "$gpg_sign_opt" && echo "$gpg_sign_opt" > "$state_dir"/gpg_sign_opt
 }
 
 output () {
@@ -156,17 +151,53 @@ move_to_original_branch () {
 		git symbolic-ref \
 			-m "rebase finished: returning to $head_name" \
 			HEAD $head_name ||
-		die "Could not move back to $head_name"
+		die "$(gettext "Could not move back to $head_name")"
 		;;
 	esac
 }
 
+apply_autostash () {
+	if test -f "$state_dir/autostash"
+	then
+		stash_sha1=$(cat "$state_dir/autostash")
+		if git stash apply $stash_sha1 2>&1 >/dev/null
+		then
+			echo "$(gettext 'Applied autostash.')"
+		else
+			git stash store -m "autostash" -q $stash_sha1 ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Cannot store \$stash_sha1")"
+			gettext 'Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.
+Your changes are safe in the stash.
+You can run "git stash pop" or "git stash drop" at any time.
+'
+		fi
+	fi
+}
+
+finish_rebase () {
+	apply_autostash &&
+	git gc --auto &&
+	rm -rf "$state_dir"
+}
+
 run_specific_rebase () {
 	if [ "$interactive_rebase" = implied ]; then
 		GIT_EDITOR=:
 		export GIT_EDITOR
+		autosquash=
 	fi
 	. git-rebase--$type
+	ret=$?
+	if test $ret -eq 0
+	then
+		finish_rebase
+	elif test $ret -eq 2 # special exit status for rebase -i
+	then
+		apply_autostash &&
+		rm -rf "$state_dir" &&
+		die "Nothing to do"
+	fi
+	exit $ret
 }
 
 run_pre_rebase_hook () {
@@ -174,12 +205,12 @@ run_pre_rebase_hook () {
 	   test -x "$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase"
 	then
 		"$GIT_DIR/hooks/pre-rebase" ${1+"$@"} ||
-		die "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+		die "$(gettext "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase.")"
 	fi
 }
 
 test -f "$apply_dir"/applying &&
-	die 'It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase.'
+	die "$(gettext "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase.")"
 
 if test -d "$apply_dir"
 then
@@ -208,19 +239,23 @@ do
 	--verify)
 		ok_to_skip_pre_rebase=
 		;;
-	--continue|--skip|--abort)
+	--continue|--skip|--abort|--edit-todo)
 		test $total_argc -eq 2 || usage
 		action=${1##--}
 		;;
-	--onto)
-		test 2 -le "$#" || usage
-		onto="$2"
-		shift
+	--onto=*)
+		onto="${1#--onto=}"
 		;;
-	-i)
+	--exec=*)
+		cmd="${cmd}exec ${1#--exec=}${LF}"
+		;;
+	--interactive)
 		interactive_rebase=explicit
 		;;
-	-p)
+	--keep-empty)
+		keep_empty=yes
+		;;
+	--preserve-merges)
 		preserve_merges=t
 		test -z "$interactive_rebase" && interactive_rebase=implied
 		;;
@@ -230,41 +265,47 @@ do
 	--no-autosquash)
 		autosquash=
 		;;
-	-M|-m)
+	--fork-point)
+		fork_point=t
+		;;
+	--no-fork-point)
+		fork_point=
+		;;
+	--merge)
 		do_merge=t
 		;;
-	-X)
-		shift
-		strategy_opts="$strategy_opts $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "--$1")"
+	--strategy-option=*)
+		strategy_opts="$strategy_opts $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "--${1#--strategy-option=}")"
 		do_merge=t
 		test -z "$strategy" && strategy=recursive
 		;;
-	-s)
-		shift
-		strategy="$1"
+	--strategy=*)
+		strategy="${1#--strategy=}"
 		do_merge=t
 		;;
-	-n)
+	--no-stat)
 		diffstat=
 		;;
 	--stat)
 		diffstat=t
 		;;
-	-v)
+	--autostash)
+		autostash=true
+		;;
+	--verbose)
 		verbose=t
 		diffstat=t
 		GIT_QUIET=
 		;;
-	-q)
+	--quiet)
 		GIT_QUIET=t
 		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt -q"
 		verbose=
 		diffstat=
 		;;
-	--whitespace)
-		shift
-		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt --whitespace=$1"
-		case "$1" in
+	--whitespace=*)
+		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt --whitespace=${1#--whitespace=}"
+		case "${1#--whitespace=}" in
 		fix|strip)
 			force_rebase=t
 			;;
@@ -277,19 +318,24 @@ do
 		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt $1"
 		force_rebase=t
 		;;
-	-C)
-		shift
-		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt -C$1"
+	-C*)
+		git_am_opt="$git_am_opt $1"
 		;;
 	--root)
 		rebase_root=t
 		;;
-	-f|--no-ff)
+	--force-rebase|--no-ff)
 		force_rebase=t
 		;;
 	--rerere-autoupdate|--no-rerere-autoupdate)
 		allow_rerere_autoupdate="$1"
 		;;
+	--gpg-sign)
+		gpg_sign_opt=-S
+		;;
+	--gpg-sign=*)
+		gpg_sign_opt="-S${1#--gpg-sign=}"
+		;;
 	--)
 		shift
 		break
@@ -299,9 +345,15 @@ do
 done
 test $# -gt 2 && usage
 
+if test -n "$cmd" &&
+   test "$interactive_rebase" != explicit
+then
+	die "$(gettext "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option")"
+fi
+
 if test -n "$action"
 then
-	test -z "$in_progress" && die "No rebase in progress?"
+	test -z "$in_progress" && die "$(gettext "No rebase in progress?")"
 	# Only interactive rebase uses detailed reflog messages
 	if test "$type" = interactive && test "$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION" = rebase
 	then
@@ -310,15 +362,20 @@ then
 	fi
 fi
 
+if test "$action" = "edit-todo" && test "$type" != "interactive"
+then
+	die "$(gettext "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase.")"
+fi
+
 case "$action" in
 continue)
 	# Sanity check
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >/dev/null ||
-		die "Cannot read HEAD"
+		die "$(gettext "Cannot read HEAD")"
 	git update-index --ignore-submodules --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules || {
-		echo "You must edit all merge conflicts and then"
-		echo "mark them as resolved using git add"
+		echo "$(gettext "You must edit all merge conflicts and then
+mark them as resolved using git add")"
 		exit 1
 	}
 	read_basic_state
@@ -335,27 +392,38 @@ abort)
 	case "$head_name" in
 	refs/*)
 		git symbolic-ref -m "rebase: aborting" HEAD $head_name ||
-		die "Could not move back to $head_name"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Could not move back to \$head_name")"
 		;;
 	esac
 	output git reset --hard $orig_head
-	rm -r "$state_dir"
+	finish_rebase
 	exit
 	;;
+edit-todo)
+	run_specific_rebase
+	;;
 esac
 
 # Make sure no rebase is in progress
 if test -n "$in_progress"
 then
-	die '
-It seems that there is already a '"${state_dir##*/}"' directory, and
+	state_dir_base=${state_dir##*/}
+	cmd_live_rebase="git rebase (--continue | --abort | --skip)"
+	cmd_clear_stale_rebase="rm -fr \"$state_dir\""
+	die "
+$(eval_gettext 'It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and
 I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the
 case, please try
-	git rebase (--continue | --abort | --skip)
+	$cmd_live_rebase
 If that is not the case, please
-	rm -fr '"$state_dir"'
+	$cmd_clear_stale_rebase
 and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something
-valuable there.'
+valuable there.')"
+fi
+
+if test -n "$rebase_root" && test -z "$onto"
+then
+	test -z "$interactive_rebase" && interactive_rebase=implied
 fi
 
 if test -n "$interactive_rebase"
@@ -380,20 +448,32 @@ then
 		then
 			. git-parse-remote
 			error_on_missing_default_upstream "rebase" "rebase" \
-				"against" "git rebase <upstream branch>"
+				"against" "git rebase <branch>"
 		fi
+
+		test "$fork_point" = auto && fork_point=t
 		;;
 	*)	upstream_name="$1"
+		if test "$upstream_name" = "-"
+		then
+			upstream_name="@{-1}"
+		fi
 		shift
 		;;
 	esac
-	upstream=`git rev-parse --verify "${upstream_name}^0"` ||
-	die "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+	upstream=$(peel_committish "${upstream_name}") ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "invalid upstream \$upstream_name")"
 	upstream_arg="$upstream_name"
 else
-	test -z "$onto" && die "You must specify --onto when using --root"
+	if test -z "$onto"
+	then
+		empty_tree=$(git hash-object -t tree /dev/null)
+		onto=$(git commit-tree $empty_tree </dev/null)
+		squash_onto="$onto"
+	fi
 	unset upstream_name
 	unset upstream
+	test $# -gt 1 && usage
 	upstream_arg=--root
 fi
 
@@ -406,19 +486,19 @@ case "$onto_name" in
 	then
 		case "$onto" in
 		?*"$LF"?*)
-			die "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "\$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases")"
 			;;
 		'')
-			die "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "\$onto_name: there is no merge base")"
 			;;
 		esac
 	else
-		die "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "\$onto_name: there is no merge base")"
 	fi
 	;;
 *)
-	onto=$(git rev-parse --verify "${onto_name}^0") ||
-	die "Does not point to a valid commit: $1"
+	onto=$(peel_committish "$onto_name") ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Does not point to a valid commit: \$onto_name")"
 	;;
 esac
 
@@ -441,24 +521,49 @@ case "$#" in
 	then
 		head_name="detached HEAD"
 	else
-		die "fatal: no such branch: $1"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "fatal: no such branch: \$branch_name")"
 	fi
 	;;
-*)
+0)
 	# Do not need to switch branches, we are already on it.
-	if branch_name=`git symbolic-ref -q HEAD`
+	if branch_name=$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)
 	then
 		head_name=$branch_name
-		branch_name=`expr "z$branch_name" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)'`
+		branch_name=$(expr "z$branch_name" : 'zrefs/heads/\(.*\)')
 	else
 		head_name="detached HEAD"
 		branch_name=HEAD ;# detached
 	fi
-	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify "${branch_name}^0") || exit
+	orig_head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) || exit
+	;;
+*)
+	die "BUG: unexpected number of arguments left to parse"
 	;;
 esac
 
-require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
+if test "$fork_point" = t
+then
+	new_upstream=$(git merge-base --fork-point "$upstream_name" \
+			"${switch_to:-HEAD}")
+	if test -n "$new_upstream"
+	then
+		restrict_revision=$new_upstream
+	fi
+fi
+
+if test "$autostash" = true && ! (require_clean_work_tree) 2>/dev/null
+then
+	stash_sha1=$(git stash create "autostash") ||
+	die "$(gettext 'Cannot autostash')"
+
+	mkdir -p "$state_dir" &&
+	echo $stash_sha1 >"$state_dir/autostash" &&
+	stash_abbrev=$(git rev-parse --short $stash_sha1) &&
+	echo "$(eval_gettext 'Created autostash: $stash_abbrev')" &&
+	git reset --hard
+fi
+
+require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "$(gettext "Please commit or stash them.")"
 
 # Now we are rebasing commits $upstream..$orig_head (or with --root,
 # everything leading up to $orig_head) on top of $onto
@@ -468,18 +573,21 @@ require_clean_work_tree "rebase" "Please commit or stash them."
 # and if this is not an interactive rebase.
 mb=$(git merge-base "$onto" "$orig_head")
 if test "$type" != interactive && test "$upstream" = "$onto" &&
-	test "$mb" = "$onto" &&
+	test "$mb" = "$onto" && test -z "$restrict_revision" &&
 	# linear history?
 	! (git rev-list --parents "$onto".."$orig_head" | sane_grep " .* ") > /dev/null
 then
 	if test -z "$force_rebase"
 	then
 		# Lazily switch to the target branch if needed...
-		test -z "$switch_to" || git checkout "$switch_to" --
-		say "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+		test -z "$switch_to" ||
+		GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $switch_to" \
+			git checkout "$switch_to" --
+		say "$(eval_gettext "Current branch \$branch_name is up to date.")"
+		finish_rebase
 		exit 0
 	else
-		say "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+		say "$(eval_gettext "Current branch \$branch_name is up to date, rebase forced.")"
 	fi
 fi
 
@@ -490,7 +598,7 @@ if test -n "$diffstat"
 then
 	if test -n "$verbose"
 	then
-		echo "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+		echo "$(eval_gettext "Changes from \$mb to \$onto:")"
 	fi
 	# We want color (if set), but no pager
 	GIT_PAGER='' git diff --stat --summary "$mb" "$onto"
@@ -499,16 +607,19 @@ fi
 test "$type" = interactive && run_specific_rebase
 
 # Detach HEAD and reset the tree
-say "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
-git checkout -q "$onto^0" || die "could not detach HEAD"
+say "$(gettext "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...")"
+
+GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: checkout $onto_name" \
+	git checkout -q "$onto^0" || die "could not detach HEAD"
 git update-ref ORIG_HEAD $orig_head
 
 # If the $onto is a proper descendant of the tip of the branch, then
 # we just fast-forwarded.
 if test "$mb" = "$orig_head"
 then
-	say "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+	say "$(eval_gettext "Fast-forwarded \$branch_name to \$onto_name.")"
 	move_to_original_branch
+	finish_rebase
 	exit 0
 fi
 
@@ -516,7 +627,7 @@ if test -n "$rebase_root"
 then
 	revisions="$onto..$orig_head"
 else
-	revisions="$upstream..$orig_head"
+	revisions="${restrict_revision-$upstream}..$orig_head"
 fi
 
 run_specific_rebase
diff --git a/git-relink.perl b/git-relink.perl
index e136732cea..236a3521a1 100755
--- a/git-relink.perl
+++ b/git-relink.perl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env perl
+#!/usr/bin/perl
 # Copyright 2005, Ryan Anderson <ryan@michonline.com>
 # Distribution permitted under the GPL v2, as distributed
 # by the Free Software Foundation.
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ sub link_two_files($$) {
 
 
 sub usage() {
-	print("Usage: git relink [--safe] <dir>... <master_dir> \n");
+	print("usage: git relink [--safe] <dir>... <master_dir> \n");
 	print("All directories should contain a .git/objects/ subdirectory.\n");
 	print("Options\n");
 	print("\t--safe\t" .
diff --git a/git-remote-testgit.py b/git-remote-testgit.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 3dc4851cfc..0000000000
--- a/git-remote-testgit.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-# This command is a simple remote-helper, that is used both as a
-# testcase for the remote-helper functionality, and as an example to
-# show remote-helper authors one possible implementation.
-#
-# This is a Git <-> Git importer/exporter, that simply uses git
-# fast-import and git fast-export to consume and produce fast-import
-# streams.
-#
-# To understand better the way things work, one can activate debug
-# traces by setting (to any value) the environment variables
-# GIT_TRANSPORT_HELPER_DEBUG and GIT_DEBUG_TESTGIT, to see messages
-# from the transport-helper side, or from this example remote-helper.
-
-# hashlib is only available in python >= 2.5
-try:
-    import hashlib
-    _digest = hashlib.sha1
-except ImportError:
-    import sha
-    _digest = sha.new
-import sys
-import os
-sys.path.insert(0, os.getenv("GITPYTHONLIB","."))
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import die, debug, warn
-from git_remote_helpers.git.repo import GitRepo
-from git_remote_helpers.git.exporter import GitExporter
-from git_remote_helpers.git.importer import GitImporter
-from git_remote_helpers.git.non_local import NonLocalGit
-
-def get_repo(alias, url):
-    """Returns a git repository object initialized for usage.
-    """
-
-    repo = GitRepo(url)
-    repo.get_revs()
-    repo.get_head()
-
-    hasher = _digest()
-    hasher.update(repo.path)
-    repo.hash = hasher.hexdigest()
-
-    repo.get_base_path = lambda base: os.path.join(
-        base, 'info', 'fast-import', repo.hash)
-
-    prefix = 'refs/testgit/%s/' % alias
-    debug("prefix: '%s'", prefix)
-
-    repo.gitdir = os.environ["GIT_DIR"]
-    repo.alias = alias
-    repo.prefix = prefix
-
-    repo.exporter = GitExporter(repo)
-    repo.importer = GitImporter(repo)
-    repo.non_local = NonLocalGit(repo)
-
-    return repo
-
-
-def local_repo(repo, path):
-    """Returns a git repository object initalized for usage.
-    """
-
-    local = GitRepo(path)
-
-    local.non_local = None
-    local.gitdir = repo.gitdir
-    local.alias = repo.alias
-    local.prefix = repo.prefix
-    local.hash = repo.hash
-    local.get_base_path = repo.get_base_path
-    local.exporter = GitExporter(local)
-    local.importer = GitImporter(local)
-
-    return local
-
-
-def do_capabilities(repo, args):
-    """Prints the supported capabilities.
-    """
-
-    print "import"
-    print "export"
-    print "refspec refs/heads/*:%s*" % repo.prefix
-
-    dirname = repo.get_base_path(repo.gitdir)
-
-    if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-        os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-    path = os.path.join(dirname, 'testgit.marks')
-
-    print "*export-marks %s" % path
-    if os.path.exists(path):
-        print "*import-marks %s" % path
-
-    print # end capabilities
-
-
-def do_list(repo, args):
-    """Lists all known references.
-
-    Bug: This will always set the remote head to master for non-local
-    repositories, since we have no way of determining what the remote
-    head is at clone time.
-    """
-
-    for ref in repo.revs:
-        debug("? refs/heads/%s", ref)
-        print "? refs/heads/%s" % ref
-
-    if repo.head:
-        debug("@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head)
-        print "@refs/heads/%s HEAD" % repo.head
-    else:
-        debug("@refs/heads/master HEAD")
-        print "@refs/heads/master HEAD"
-
-    print # end list
-
-
-def update_local_repo(repo):
-    """Updates (or clones) a local repo.
-    """
-
-    if repo.local:
-        return repo
-
-    path = repo.non_local.clone(repo.gitdir)
-    repo.non_local.update(repo.gitdir)
-    repo = local_repo(repo, path)
-    return repo
-
-
-def do_import(repo, args):
-    """Exports a fast-import stream from testgit for git to import.
-    """
-
-    if len(args) != 1:
-        die("Import needs exactly one ref")
-
-    if not repo.gitdir:
-        die("Need gitdir to import")
-
-    ref = args[0]
-    refs = [ref]
-
-    while True:
-        line = sys.stdin.readline()
-        if line == '\n':
-            break
-        if not line.startswith('import '):
-            die("Expected import line.")
-
-        # strip of leading 'import '
-        ref = line[7:].strip()
-        refs.append(ref)
-
-    repo = update_local_repo(repo)
-    repo.exporter.export_repo(repo.gitdir, refs)
-
-    print "done"
-
-
-def do_export(repo, args):
-    """Imports a fast-import stream from git to testgit.
-    """
-
-    if not repo.gitdir:
-        die("Need gitdir to export")
-
-    update_local_repo(repo)
-    changed = repo.importer.do_import(repo.gitdir)
-
-    if not repo.local:
-        repo.non_local.push(repo.gitdir)
-
-    for ref in changed:
-        print "ok %s" % ref
-    print
-
-
-COMMANDS = {
-    'capabilities': do_capabilities,
-    'list': do_list,
-    'import': do_import,
-    'export': do_export,
-}
-
-
-def sanitize(value):
-    """Cleans up the url.
-    """
-
-    if value.startswith('testgit::'):
-        value = value[9:]
-
-    return value
-
-
-def read_one_line(repo):
-    """Reads and processes one command.
-    """
-
-    line = sys.stdin.readline()
-
-    cmdline = line
-
-    if not cmdline:
-        warn("Unexpected EOF")
-        return False
-
-    cmdline = cmdline.strip().split()
-    if not cmdline:
-        # Blank line means we're about to quit
-        return False
-
-    cmd = cmdline.pop(0)
-    debug("Got command '%s' with args '%s'", cmd, ' '.join(cmdline))
-
-    if cmd not in COMMANDS:
-        die("Unknown command, %s", cmd)
-
-    func = COMMANDS[cmd]
-    func(repo, cmdline)
-    sys.stdout.flush()
-
-    return True
-
-
-def main(args):
-    """Starts a new remote helper for the specified repository.
-    """
-
-    if len(args) != 3:
-        die("Expecting exactly three arguments.")
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    if os.getenv("GIT_DEBUG_TESTGIT"):
-        import git_remote_helpers.util
-        git_remote_helpers.util.DEBUG = True
-
-    alias = sanitize(args[1])
-    url = sanitize(args[2])
-
-    if not alias.isalnum():
-        warn("non-alnum alias '%s'", alias)
-        alias = "tmp"
-
-    args[1] = alias
-    args[2] = url
-
-    repo = get_repo(alias, url)
-
-    debug("Got arguments %s", args[1:])
-
-    more = True
-
-    while (more):
-        more = read_one_line(repo)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
diff --git a/git-remote-testgit.sh b/git-remote-testgit.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..752c763eb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git-remote-testgit.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+
+# The first argument can be a url when the fetch/push command was a url
+# instead of a configured remote. In this case, use a generic alias.
+if test "$1" = "testgit::$2"; then
+	alias=_
+else
+	alias=$1
+fi
+url=$2
+
+dir="$GIT_DIR/testgit/$alias"
+prefix="refs/testgit/$alias"
+
+default_refspec="refs/heads/*:${prefix}/heads/*"
+
+refspec="${GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC-$default_refspec}"
+
+test -z "$refspec" && prefix="refs"
+
+GIT_DIR="$url/.git"
+export GIT_DIR
+
+force=
+
+mkdir -p "$dir"
+
+if test -z "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS"
+then
+	gitmarks="$dir/git.marks"
+	testgitmarks="$dir/testgit.marks"
+	test -e "$gitmarks" || >"$gitmarks"
+	test -e "$testgitmarks" || >"$testgitmarks"
+fi
+
+while read line
+do
+	case $line in
+	capabilities)
+		echo 'import'
+		echo 'export'
+		test -n "$refspec" && echo "refspec $refspec"
+		if test -n "$gitmarks"
+		then
+			echo "*import-marks $gitmarks"
+			echo "*export-marks $gitmarks"
+		fi
+		test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SIGNED_TAGS" && echo "signed-tags"
+		test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_PRIVATE_UPDATE" && echo "no-private-update"
+		echo 'option'
+		echo
+		;;
+	list)
+		git for-each-ref --format='? %(refname)' 'refs/heads/'
+		head=$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
+		echo "@$head HEAD"
+		echo
+		;;
+	import*)
+		# read all import lines
+		while true
+		do
+			ref="${line#* }"
+			refs="$refs $ref"
+			read line
+			test "${line%% *}" != "import" && break
+		done
+
+		if test -n "$gitmarks"
+		then
+			echo "feature import-marks=$gitmarks"
+			echo "feature export-marks=$gitmarks"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE"
+		then
+			echo "feature done"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+
+		echo "feature done"
+		git fast-export \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--import-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--export-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			$refs |
+		sed -e "s#refs/heads/#${prefix}/heads/#g"
+		echo "done"
+		;;
+	export)
+		if test -n "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE"
+		then
+			# consume input so fast-export doesn't get SIGPIPE;
+			# git would also notice that case, but we want
+			# to make sure we are exercising the later
+			# error checks
+			while read line; do
+				test "done" = "$line" && break
+			done
+			exit 1
+		fi
+
+		before=$(git for-each-ref --format=' %(refname) %(objectname) ')
+
+		git fast-import \
+			${force:+--force} \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--import-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			${testgitmarks:+"--export-marks=$testgitmarks"} \
+			--quiet
+
+		# figure out which refs were updated
+		git for-each-ref --format='%(refname) %(objectname)' |
+		while read ref a
+		do
+			case "$before" in
+			*" $ref $a "*)
+				continue ;;	# unchanged
+			esac
+			if test -z "$GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR"
+			then
+				echo "ok $ref"
+			else
+				echo "error $ref $GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_PUSH_ERROR"
+			fi
+		done
+
+		echo
+		;;
+	option\ *)
+		read cmd opt val <<-EOF
+		$line
+		EOF
+		case $opt in
+		force)
+			test $val = "true" && force="true" || force=
+			echo "ok"
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "unsupported"
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	'')
+		exit
+		;;
+	esac
+done
diff --git a/git-request-pull.sh b/git-request-pull.sh
index e6438e24c7..d5500fde46 100755
--- a/git-request-pull.sh
+++ b/git-request-pull.sh
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ LONG_USAGE='Summarizes the changes between two commits to the standard output,
 and includes the given URL in the generated summary.'
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK='Yes'
 OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH=
+OPTIONS_STUCKLONG=
 OPTIONS_SPEC='git request-pull [options] start url [end]
 --
 p    show patch text as well
@@ -35,59 +36,94 @@ do
 	shift
 done
 
-base=$1 url=$2 head=${3-HEAD} status=0 branch_name=
+base=$1 url=$2 status=0
 
-headref=$(git symbolic-ref -q "$head")
-if git show-ref -q --verify "$headref"
+test -n "$base" && test -n "$url" || usage
+
+baserev=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$base"^0)
+if test -z "$baserev"
 then
-	branch_name=${headref#refs/heads/}
-	if test "z$branch_name" = "z$headref" ||
-		! git config "branch.$branch_name.description" >/dev/null
-	then
-		branch_name=
-	fi
+    die "fatal: Not a valid revision: $base"
 fi
 
-tag_name=$(git describe --exact "$head^0" 2>/dev/null)
-
-test -n "$base" && test -n "$url" || usage
-baserev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$base"^0) &&
-headrev=$(git rev-parse --verify "$head"^0) || exit
+#
+# $3 must be a symbolic ref, a unique ref, or
+# a SHA object expression. It can also be of
+# the format 'local-name:remote-name'.
+#
+local=${3%:*}
+local=${local:-HEAD}
+remote=${3#*:}
+pretty_remote=${remote#refs/}
+pretty_remote=${pretty_remote#heads/}
+head=$(git symbolic-ref -q "$local")
+head=${head:-$(git show-ref --heads --tags "$local" | cut -d' ' -f2)}
+head=${head:-$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify "$local")}
+
+# None of the above? Bad.
+test -z "$head" && die "fatal: Not a valid revision: $local"
+
+# This also verifies that the resulting head is unique:
+# "git show-ref" could have shown multiple matching refs..
+headrev=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$head"^0)
+test -z "$headrev" && die "fatal: Ambiguous revision: $local"
+
+# Was it a branch with a description?
+branch_name=${head#refs/heads/}
+if test "z$branch_name" = "z$headref" ||
+	! git config "branch.$branch_name.description" >/dev/null
+then
+	branch_name=
+fi
 
 merge_base=$(git merge-base $baserev $headrev) ||
 die "fatal: No commits in common between $base and $head"
 
-# $head is the token given from the command line. If a ref with that
-# name exists at the remote and their values match, we should use it.
-# Otherwise find a ref that matches $headrev.
+# $head is the refname from the command line.
+# If a ref with the same name as $head exists at the remote
+# and their values match, use that.
+#
+# Otherwise find a random ref that matches $headrev.
 find_matching_ref='
-	sub abbr {
-		my $ref = shift;
-		if ($ref =~ s|^refs/heads/|| || $ref =~ s|^refs/tags/|tags/|) {
-			return $ref;
-		} else {
-			return $ref;
-		}
-	}
+	my ($head,$headrev) = (@ARGV);
+	my ($found);
 
-	my ($exact, $found);
 	while (<STDIN>) {
-		my ($sha1, $ref, $deref) = /^(\S+)\s+(\S+?)(\^\{\})?$/;
-		next unless ($sha1 eq $ARGV[1]);
-		$found = abbr($ref);
-		if ($ref =~ m|/\Q$ARGV[0]\E$|) {
-			$exact = $found;
-			last;
+		chomp;
+		my ($sha1, $ref, $deref) = /^(\S+)\s+([^^]+)(\S*)$/;
+		my ($pattern);
+		next unless ($sha1 eq $headrev);
+
+		$pattern="/$head\$";
+		if ($ref eq $head) {
+			$found = $ref;
+		}
+		if ($ref =~ /$pattern/) {
+			$found = $ref;
+		}
+		if ($sha1 eq $head) {
+			$found = $sha1;
 		}
 	}
-	if ($exact) {
-		print "$exact\n";
-	} elsif ($found) {
+	if ($found) {
 		print "$found\n";
 	}
 '
 
-ref=$(git ls-remote "$url" | perl -e "$find_matching_ref" "$head" "$headrev")
+ref=$(git ls-remote "$url" | @@PERL@@ -e "$find_matching_ref" "${remote:-HEAD}" "$headrev")
+
+if test -z "$ref"
+then
+	echo "warn: No match for commit $headrev found at $url" >&2
+	echo "warn: Are you sure you pushed '${remote:-HEAD}' there?" >&2
+	status=1
+fi
+
+# Special case: turn "for_linus" to "tags/for_linus" when it is correct
+if test "$ref" = "refs/tags/$pretty_remote"
+then
+	pretty_remote=tags/$pretty_remote
+fi
 
 url=$(git ls-remote --get-url "$url")
 
@@ -97,7 +133,7 @@ git show -s --format='The following changes since commit %H:
 
 are available in the git repository at:
 ' $merge_base &&
-echo "  $url${ref+ $ref}" &&
+echo "  $url $pretty_remote" &&
 git show -s --format='
 for you to fetch changes up to %H:
 
@@ -105,33 +141,23 @@ for you to fetch changes up to %H:
 
 ----------------------------------------------------------------' $headrev &&
 
-if test -n "$branch_name"
-then
-	echo "(from the branch description for $branch_name local branch)"
-	echo
-	git config "branch.$branch_name.description"
-fi &&
-
-if test -n "$tag_name"
+if test $(git cat-file -t "$head") = tag
 then
-	git cat-file tag "$tag_name" |
+	git cat-file tag "$head" |
 	sed -n -e '1,/^$/d' -e '/^-----BEGIN PGP /q' -e p
 	echo
+	echo "----------------------------------------------------------------"
 fi &&
 
-if test -n "$branch_name" || test -n "$tag_name"
+if test -n "$branch_name"
 then
+	echo "(from the branch description for $branch_name local branch)"
+	echo
+	git config "branch.$branch_name.description"
 	echo "----------------------------------------------------------------"
 fi &&
 
 git shortlog ^$baserev $headrev &&
 git diff -M --stat --summary $patch $merge_base..$headrev || status=1
 
-if test -z "$ref"
-then
-	echo "warn: No branch of $url is at:" >&2
-	git show -s --format='warn:   %h: %s' $headrev >&2
-	echo "warn: Are you sure you pushed '$head' there?" >&2
-	status=1
-fi
 exit $status
diff --git a/git-send-email.perl b/git-send-email.perl
index ef30c557c7..e1e9b1460c 100755
--- a/git-send-email.perl
+++ b/git-send-email.perl
@@ -54,9 +54,12 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
     --[no-]bcc              <str>  * Email Bcc:
     --subject               <str>  * Email "Subject:"
     --in-reply-to           <str>  * Email "In-Reply-To:"
-    --annotate                     * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
+    --[no-]xmailer                 * Add "X-Mailer:" header (default).
+    --[no-]annotate                * Review each patch that will be sent in an editor.
     --compose                      * Open an editor for introduction.
+    --compose-encoding      <str>  * Encoding to assume for introduction.
     --8bit-encoding         <str>  * Encoding to assume 8bit mails if undeclared
+    --transfer-encoding     <str>  * Transfer encoding to use (quoted-printable, 8bit, base64)
 
   Sending:
     --envelope-sender       <str>  * Email envelope sender.
@@ -68,6 +71,9 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
     --smtp-pass             <str>  * Password for SMTP-AUTH; not necessary.
     --smtp-encryption       <str>  * tls or ssl; anything else disables.
     --smtp-ssl                     * Deprecated. Use '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
+    --smtp-ssl-cert-path    <str>  * Path to ca-certificates (either directory or file).
+                                     Pass an empty string to disable certificate
+                                     verification.
     --smtp-domain           <str>  * The domain name sent to HELO/EHLO handshake
     --smtp-debug            <0|1>  * Disable, enable Net::SMTP debug.
 
@@ -76,6 +82,8 @@ git send-email [options] <file | directory | rev-list options >
     --to-cmd                <str>  * Email To: via `<str> \$patch_path`
     --cc-cmd                <str>  * Email Cc: via `<str> \$patch_path`
     --suppress-cc           <str>  * author, self, sob, cc, cccmd, body, bodycc, all.
+    --[no-]cc-cover                * Email Cc: addresses in the cover letter.
+    --[no-]to-cover                * Email To: addresses in the cover letter.
     --[no-]signed-off-by-cc        * Send to Signed-off-by: addresses. Default on.
     --[no-]suppress-from           * Send to self. Default off.
     --[no-]chain-reply-to          * Chain In-Reply-To: fields. Default off.
@@ -139,10 +147,15 @@ my $have_mail_address = eval { require Mail::Address; 1 };
 my $smtp;
 my $auth;
 
+# Regexes for RFC 2047 productions.
+my $re_token = qr/[^][()<>@,;:\\"\/?.= \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
+my $re_encoded_text = qr/[^? \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
+my $re_encoded_word = qr/=\?($re_token)\?($re_token)\?($re_encoded_text)\?=/;
+
 # Variables we fill in automatically, or via prompting:
 my (@to,$no_to,@initial_to,@cc,$no_cc,@initial_cc,@bcclist,$no_bcc,@xh,
 	$initial_reply_to,$initial_subject,@files,
-	$author,$sender,$smtp_authpass,$annotate,$compose,$time);
+	$author,$sender,$smtp_authpass,$annotate,$use_xmailer,$compose,$time);
 
 my $envelope_sender;
 
@@ -191,26 +204,31 @@ sub do_edit {
 
 # Variables with corresponding config settings
 my ($thread, $chain_reply_to, $suppress_from, $signed_off_by_cc);
+my ($cover_cc, $cover_to);
 my ($to_cmd, $cc_cmd);
 my ($smtp_server, $smtp_server_port, @smtp_server_options);
-my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption);
+my ($smtp_authuser, $smtp_encryption, $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
 my ($identity, $aliasfiletype, @alias_files, $smtp_domain);
 my ($validate, $confirm);
 my (@suppress_cc);
 my ($auto_8bit_encoding);
+my ($compose_encoding);
+my ($target_xfer_encoding);
 
 my ($debug_net_smtp) = 0;		# Net::SMTP, see send_message()
 
-my $not_set_by_user = "true but not set by the user";
-
 my %config_bool_settings = (
     "thread" => [\$thread, 1],
-    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, $not_set_by_user],
+    "chainreplyto" => [\$chain_reply_to, 0],
     "suppressfrom" => [\$suppress_from, undef],
     "signedoffbycc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],
+    "cccover" => [\$cover_cc, undef],
+    "tocover" => [\$cover_to, undef],
     "signedoffcc" => [\$signed_off_by_cc, undef],      # Deprecated
     "validate" => [\$validate, 1],
-    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef]
+    "multiedit" => [\$multiedit, undef],
+    "annotate" => [\$annotate, undef],
+    "xmailer" => [\$use_xmailer, 1]
 );
 
 my %config_settings = (
@@ -219,6 +237,7 @@ my %config_settings = (
     "smtpserveroption" => \@smtp_server_options,
     "smtpuser" => \$smtp_authuser,
     "smtppass" => \$smtp_authpass,
+    "smtpsslcertpath" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
     "smtpdomain" => \$smtp_domain,
     "to" => \@initial_to,
     "tocmd" => \$to_cmd,
@@ -231,25 +250,14 @@ my %config_settings = (
     "confirm"   => \$confirm,
     "from" => \$sender,
     "assume8bitencoding" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
+    "composeencoding" => \$compose_encoding,
+    "transferencoding" => \$target_xfer_encoding,
 );
 
 my %config_path_settings = (
     "aliasesfile" => \@alias_files,
 );
 
-# Help users prepare for 1.7.0
-sub chain_reply_to {
-	if (defined $chain_reply_to &&
-	    $chain_reply_to eq $not_set_by_user) {
-		print STDERR
-		    "In git 1.7.0, the default has changed to --no-chain-reply-to\n" .
-		    "Set sendemail.chainreplyto configuration variable to true if\n" .
-		    "you want to keep --chain-reply-to as your default.\n";
-		$chain_reply_to = 0;
-	}
-	return $chain_reply_to;
-}
-
 # Handle Uncouth Termination
 sub signal_handler {
 
@@ -291,6 +299,7 @@ my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
 		    "bcc=s" => \@bcclist,
 		    "no-bcc" => \$no_bcc,
 		    "chain-reply-to!" => \$chain_reply_to,
+		    "no-chain-reply-to" => sub {$chain_reply_to = 0},
 		    "smtp-server=s" => \$smtp_server,
 		    "smtp-server-option=s" => \@smtp_server_options,
 		    "smtp-server-port=s" => \$smtp_server_port,
@@ -298,24 +307,39 @@ my $rc = GetOptions("h" => \$help,
 		    "smtp-pass:s" => \$smtp_authpass,
 		    "smtp-ssl" => sub { $smtp_encryption = 'ssl' },
 		    "smtp-encryption=s" => \$smtp_encryption,
+		    "smtp-ssl-cert-path=s" => \$smtp_ssl_cert_path,
 		    "smtp-debug:i" => \$debug_net_smtp,
 		    "smtp-domain:s" => \$smtp_domain,
 		    "identity=s" => \$identity,
-		    "annotate" => \$annotate,
+		    "annotate!" => \$annotate,
+		    "no-annotate" => sub {$annotate = 0},
 		    "compose" => \$compose,
 		    "quiet" => \$quiet,
 		    "cc-cmd=s" => \$cc_cmd,
 		    "suppress-from!" => \$suppress_from,
+		    "no-suppress-from" => sub {$suppress_from = 0},
 		    "suppress-cc=s" => \@suppress_cc,
 		    "signed-off-cc|signed-off-by-cc!" => \$signed_off_by_cc,
+		    "no-signed-off-cc|no-signed-off-by-cc" => sub {$signed_off_by_cc = 0},
+		    "cc-cover|cc-cover!" => \$cover_cc,
+		    "no-cc-cover" => sub {$cover_cc = 0},
+		    "to-cover|to-cover!" => \$cover_to,
+		    "no-to-cover" => sub {$cover_to = 0},
 		    "confirm=s" => \$confirm,
 		    "dry-run" => \$dry_run,
 		    "envelope-sender=s" => \$envelope_sender,
 		    "thread!" => \$thread,
+		    "no-thread" => sub {$thread = 0},
 		    "validate!" => \$validate,
+		    "no-validate" => sub {$validate = 0},
+		    "transfer-encoding=s" => \$target_xfer_encoding,
 		    "format-patch!" => \$format_patch,
+		    "no-format-patch" => sub {$format_patch = 0},
 		    "8bit-encoding=s" => \$auto_8bit_encoding,
+		    "compose-encoding=s" => \$compose_encoding,
 		    "force" => \$force,
+		    "xmailer!" => \$use_xmailer,
+		    "no-xmailer" => sub {$use_xmailer = 0},
 	 );
 
 usage() if $help;
@@ -508,8 +532,9 @@ if (@alias_files and $aliasfiletype and defined $parse_alias{$aliasfiletype}) {
 
 ($sender) = expand_aliases($sender) if defined $sender;
 
-# returns 1 if the conflict must be solved using it as a format-patch argument
-sub check_file_rev_conflict($) {
+# is_format_patch_arg($f) returns 0 if $f names a patch, or 1 if
+# $f is a revision list specification to be passed to format-patch.
+sub is_format_patch_arg {
 	return unless $repo;
 	my $f = shift;
 	try {
@@ -525,6 +550,7 @@ to produce patches for.  Please disambiguate by...
     * Giving --format-patch option if you mean a range.
 EOF
 	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
+		# Not a valid revision.  Treat it as a filename.
 		return 0;
 	}
 }
@@ -536,14 +562,14 @@ while (defined(my $f = shift @ARGV)) {
 	if ($f eq "--") {
 		push @rev_list_opts, "--", @ARGV;
 		@ARGV = ();
-	} elsif (-d $f and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+	} elsif (-d $f and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
 		opendir my $dh, $f
 			or die "Failed to opendir $f: $!";
 
 		push @files, grep { -f $_ } map { catfile($f, $_) }
 				sort readdir $dh;
 		closedir $dh;
-	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !check_file_rev_conflict($f)) {
+	} elsif ((-f $f or -p $f) and !is_format_patch_arg($f)) {
 		push @files, $f;
 	} else {
 		push @rev_list_opts, $f;
@@ -632,6 +658,9 @@ EOT
 	my $need_8bit_cte = file_has_nonascii($compose_filename);
 	my $in_body = 0;
 	my $summary_empty = 1;
+	if (!defined $compose_encoding) {
+		$compose_encoding = "UTF-8";
+	}
 	while(<$c>) {
 		next if m/^GIT:/;
 		if ($in_body) {
@@ -641,7 +670,7 @@ EOT
 			if ($need_8bit_cte) {
 				print $c2 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
 					 "Content-Type: text/plain; ",
-					   "charset=UTF-8\n",
+					   "charset=$compose_encoding\n",
 					 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n";
 			}
 		} elsif (/^MIME-Version:/i) {
@@ -650,9 +679,7 @@ EOT
 			$initial_subject = $1;
 			my $subject = $initial_subject;
 			$_ = "Subject: " .
-				($subject =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/ ?
-				 quote_rfc2047($subject) :
-				 $subject) .
+				quote_subject($subject, $compose_encoding) .
 				"\n";
 		} elsif (/^In-Reply-To:\s*(.+)\s*$/i) {
 			$initial_reply_to = $1;
@@ -681,6 +708,7 @@ sub ask {
 	my ($prompt, %arg) = @_;
 	my $valid_re = $arg{valid_re};
 	my $default = $arg{default};
+	my $confirm_only = $arg{confirm_only};
 	my $resp;
 	my $i = 0;
 	return defined $default ? $default : undef
@@ -698,8 +726,14 @@ sub ask {
 		if (!defined $valid_re or $resp =~ /$valid_re/) {
 			return $resp;
 		}
+		if ($confirm_only) {
+			my $yesno = $term->readline("Are you sure you want to use <$resp> [y/N]? ");
+			if (defined $yesno && $yesno =~ /y/i) {
+				return $resp;
+			}
+		}
 	}
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 my %broken_encoding;
@@ -728,6 +762,7 @@ if (!defined $auto_8bit_encoding && scalar %broken_encoding) {
 		print "    $f\n";
 	}
 	$auto_8bit_encoding = ask("Which 8bit encoding should I declare [UTF-8]? ",
+				  valid_re => qr/.{4}/, confirm_only => 1,
 				  default => "UTF-8");
 }
 
@@ -741,17 +776,20 @@ if (!$force) {
 	}
 }
 
-my $prompting = 0;
 if (!defined $sender) {
 	$sender = $repoauthor || $repocommitter || '';
-	$sender = ask("Who should the emails appear to be from? [$sender] ",
-	              default => $sender);
-	print "Emails will be sent from: ", $sender, "\n";
-	$prompting++;
 }
 
+# $sender could be an already sanitized address
+# (e.g. sendemail.from could be manually sanitized by user).
+# But it's a no-op to run sanitize_address on an already sanitized address.
+$sender = sanitize_address($sender);
+
+my $prompting = 0;
 if (!@initial_to && !defined $to_cmd) {
-	my $to = ask("Who should the emails be sent to? ");
+	my $to = ask("Who should the emails be sent to (if any)? ",
+		     default => "",
+		     valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
 	push @initial_to, parse_address_line($to) if defined $to; # sanitized/validated later
 	$prompting++;
 }
@@ -771,13 +809,17 @@ sub expand_one_alias {
 }
 
 @initial_to = expand_aliases(@initial_to);
-@initial_to = (map { sanitize_address($_) } @initial_to);
+@initial_to = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@initial_to));
 @initial_cc = expand_aliases(@initial_cc);
+@initial_cc = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@initial_cc));
 @bcclist = expand_aliases(@bcclist);
+@bcclist = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@bcclist));
 
 if ($thread && !defined $initial_reply_to && $prompting) {
 	$initial_reply_to = ask(
-		"Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email? ");
+		"Message-ID to be used as In-Reply-To for the first email (if any)? ",
+		default => "",
+		valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
 }
 if (defined $initial_reply_to) {
 	$initial_reply_to =~ s/^\s*<?//;
@@ -814,12 +856,45 @@ sub extract_valid_address {
 	$address =~ s/^\s*<(.*)>\s*$/$1/;
 	if ($have_email_valid) {
 		return scalar Email::Valid->address($address);
-	} else {
-		# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
-		# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
-		$address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
-		return $1;
 	}
+
+	# less robust/correct than the monster regexp in Email::Valid,
+	# but still does a 99% job, and one less dependency
+	return $1 if $address =~ /($local_part_regexp\@$domain_regexp)/;
+	return;
+}
+
+sub extract_valid_address_or_die {
+	my $address = shift;
+	$address = extract_valid_address($address);
+	die "error: unable to extract a valid address from: $address\n"
+		if !$address;
+	return $address;
+}
+
+sub validate_address {
+	my $address = shift;
+	while (!extract_valid_address($address)) {
+		print STDERR "error: unable to extract a valid address from: $address\n";
+		$_ = ask("What to do with this address? ([q]uit|[d]rop|[e]dit): ",
+			valid_re => qr/^(?:quit|q|drop|d|edit|e)/i,
+			default => 'q');
+		if (/^d/i) {
+			return undef;
+		} elsif (/^q/i) {
+			cleanup_compose_files();
+			exit(0);
+		}
+		$address = ask("Who should the email be sent to (if any)? ",
+			default => "",
+			valid_re => qr/\@.*\./, confirm_only => 1);
+	}
+	return $address;
+}
+
+sub validate_address_list {
+	return (grep { defined $_ }
+		map { validate_address($_) } @_);
 }
 
 # Usually don't need to change anything below here.
@@ -861,13 +936,26 @@ $time = time - scalar $#files;
 
 sub unquote_rfc2047 {
 	local ($_) = @_;
-	my $encoding;
-	if (s/=\?([^?]+)\?q\?(.*)\?=/$2/g) {
-		$encoding = $1;
-		s/_/ /g;
-		s/=([0-9A-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/eg;
-	}
-	return wantarray ? ($_, $encoding) : $_;
+	my $charset;
+	my $sep = qr/[ \t]+/;
+	s{$re_encoded_word(?:$sep$re_encoded_word)*}{
+		my @words = split $sep, $&;
+		foreach (@words) {
+			m/$re_encoded_word/;
+			$charset = $1;
+			my $encoding = $2;
+			my $text = $3;
+			if ($encoding eq 'q' || $encoding eq 'Q') {
+				$_ = $text;
+				s/_/ /g;
+				s/=([0-9A-F]{2})/chr(hex($1))/egi;
+			} else {
+				# other encodings not supported yet
+			}
+		}
+		join '', @words;
+	}eg;
+	return wantarray ? ($_, $charset) : $_;
 }
 
 sub quote_rfc2047 {
@@ -880,15 +968,33 @@ sub quote_rfc2047 {
 
 sub is_rfc2047_quoted {
 	my $s = shift;
-	my $token = qr/[^][()<>@,;:"\/?.= \000-\037\177-\377]+/;
-	my $encoded_text = qr/[!->@-~]+/;
 	length($s) <= 75 &&
-	$s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|=\?$token\?$token\?$encoded_text\?=)$/o;
+	$s =~ m/^(?:"[[:ascii:]]*"|$re_encoded_word)$/o;
+}
+
+sub subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting {
+	my $s = shift;
+
+	return ($s =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/) || ($s =~ /=\?/);
+}
+
+sub quote_subject {
+	local $subject = shift;
+	my $encoding = shift || 'UTF-8';
+
+	if (subject_needs_rfc2047_quoting($subject)) {
+		return quote_rfc2047($subject, $encoding);
+	}
+	return $subject;
 }
 
 # use the simplest quoting being able to handle the recipient
 sub sanitize_address {
 	my ($recipient) = @_;
+
+	# remove garbage after email address
+	$recipient =~ s/(.*>).*$/$1/;
+
 	my ($recipient_name, $recipient_addr) = ($recipient =~ /^(.*?)\s*(<.*)/);
 
 	if (not $recipient_name) {
@@ -916,6 +1022,10 @@ sub sanitize_address {
 
 }
 
+sub sanitize_address_list {
+	return (map { sanitize_address($_) } @_);
+}
+
 # Returns the local Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) if available.
 #
 # Tightly configured MTAa require that a caller sends a real DNS
@@ -972,20 +1082,101 @@ sub maildomain {
 	return maildomain_net() || maildomain_mta() || 'localhost.localdomain';
 }
 
+sub smtp_host_string {
+	if (defined $smtp_server_port) {
+		return "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port";
+	} else {
+		return $smtp_server;
+	}
+}
+
+# Returns 1 if authentication succeeded or was not necessary
+# (smtp_user was not specified), and 0 otherwise.
+
+sub smtp_auth_maybe {
+	if (!defined $smtp_authuser || $auth) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	# Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
+	# with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
+	eval {
+		require Authen::SASL;
+		Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
+	};
+
+	# TODO: Authentication may fail not because credentials were
+	# invalid but due to other reasons, in which we should not
+	# reject credentials.
+	$auth = Git::credential({
+		'protocol' => 'smtp',
+		'host' => smtp_host_string(),
+		'username' => $smtp_authuser,
+		# if there's no password, "git credential fill" will
+		# give us one, otherwise it'll just pass this one.
+		'password' => $smtp_authpass
+	}, sub {
+		my $cred = shift;
+		return !!$smtp->auth($cred->{'username'}, $cred->{'password'});
+	});
+
+	return $auth;
+}
+
+sub ssl_verify_params {
+	eval {
+		require IO::Socket::SSL;
+		IO::Socket::SSL->import(qw/SSL_VERIFY_PEER SSL_VERIFY_NONE/);
+	};
+	if ($@) {
+		print STDERR "Not using SSL_VERIFY_PEER due to out-of-date IO::Socket::SSL.\n";
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!defined $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		# use the OpenSSL defaults
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER());
+	}
+
+	if ($smtp_ssl_cert_path eq "") {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_NONE());
+	} elsif (-d $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
+			SSL_ca_path => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+	} elsif (-f $smtp_ssl_cert_path) {
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_PEER(),
+			SSL_ca_file => $smtp_ssl_cert_path);
+	} else {
+		print STDERR "Not using SSL_VERIFY_PEER because the CA path does not exist.\n";
+		return (SSL_verify_mode => SSL_VERIFY_NONE());
+	}
+}
+
+sub file_name_is_absolute {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+
+	# msys does not grok DOS drive-prefixes
+	if ($^O eq 'msys') {
+		return ($path =~ m#^/# || $path =~ m#^[a-zA-Z]\:#)
+	}
+
+	require File::Spec::Functions;
+	return File::Spec::Functions::file_name_is_absolute($path);
+}
+
 # Returns 1 if the message was sent, and 0 otherwise.
 # In actuality, the whole program dies when there
 # is an error sending a message.
 
 sub send_message {
 	my @recipients = unique_email_list(@to);
-	@cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address($_);
+	@cc = (grep { my $cc = extract_valid_address_or_die($_);
 		      not grep { $cc eq $_ || $_ =~ /<\Q${cc}\E>$/ } @recipients
 		    }
-	       map { sanitize_address($_) }
 	       @cc);
 	my $to = join (",\n\t", @recipients);
 	@recipients = unique_email_list(@recipients,@cc,@bcclist);
-	@recipients = (map { extract_valid_address($_) } @recipients);
+	@recipients = (map { extract_valid_address_or_die($_) } @recipients);
 	my $date = format_2822_time($time++);
 	my $gitversion = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
 	if ($gitversion =~ m/..GIT_VERSION../) {
@@ -997,16 +1188,17 @@ sub send_message {
 	if ($cc ne '') {
 		$ccline = "\nCc: $cc";
 	}
-	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
 	make_message_id() unless defined($message_id);
 
-	my $header = "From: $sanitized_sender
+	my $header = "From: $sender
 To: $to${ccline}
 Subject: $subject
 Date: $date
 Message-Id: $message_id
-X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 ";
+	if ($use_xmailer) {
+		$header .= "X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion\n";
+	}
 	if ($reply_to) {
 
 		$header .= "In-Reply-To: $reply_to\n";
@@ -1017,7 +1209,7 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 	}
 
 	my @sendmail_parameters = ('-i', @recipients);
-	my $raw_from = $sanitized_sender;
+	my $raw_from = $sender;
 	if (defined $envelope_sender && $envelope_sender ne "auto") {
 		$raw_from = $envelope_sender;
 	}
@@ -1058,7 +1250,7 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 
 	if ($dry_run) {
 		# We don't want to send the email.
-	} elsif ($smtp_server =~ m#^/#) {
+	} elsif (file_name_is_absolute($smtp_server)) {
 		my $pid = open my $sm, '|-';
 		defined $pid or die $!;
 		if (!$pid) {
@@ -1076,25 +1268,31 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 			$smtp_server_port ||= 465; # ssmtp
 			require Net::SMTP::SSL;
 			$smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
+			require IO::Socket::SSL;
+			# Net::SMTP::SSL->new() does not forward any SSL options
+			IO::Socket::SSL::set_client_defaults(
+				ssl_verify_params());
 			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP::SSL->new($smtp_server,
 						      Hello => $smtp_domain,
-						      Port => $smtp_server_port);
+						      Port => $smtp_server_port,
+						      Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
 		}
 		else {
 			require Net::SMTP;
 			$smtp_domain ||= maildomain();
-			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new((defined $smtp_server_port)
-						 ? "$smtp_server:$smtp_server_port"
-						 : $smtp_server,
+			$smtp_server_port ||= 25;
+			$smtp ||= Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server,
 						 Hello => $smtp_domain,
-						 Debug => $debug_net_smtp);
+						 Debug => $debug_net_smtp,
+						 Port => $smtp_server_port);
 			if ($smtp_encryption eq 'tls' && $smtp) {
 				require Net::SMTP::SSL;
 				$smtp->command('STARTTLS');
 				$smtp->response();
 				if ($smtp->code == 220) {
-					$smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp)
-						or die "STARTTLS failed! ".$smtp->message;
+					$smtp = Net::SMTP::SSL->start_SSL($smtp,
+									  ssl_verify_params())
+						or die "STARTTLS failed! ".IO::Socket::SSL::errstr();
 					$smtp_encryption = '';
 					# Send EHLO again to receive fresh
 					# supported commands
@@ -1113,31 +1311,7 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 			    defined $smtp_server_port ? " port=$smtp_server_port" : "";
 		}
 
-		if (defined $smtp_authuser) {
-			# Workaround AUTH PLAIN/LOGIN interaction defect
-			# with Authen::SASL::Cyrus
-			eval {
-				require Authen::SASL;
-				Authen::SASL->import(qw(Perl));
-			};
-
-			if (!defined $smtp_authpass) {
-
-				system "stty -echo";
-
-				do {
-					print "Password: ";
-					$_ = <STDIN>;
-					print "\n";
-				} while (!defined $_);
-
-				chomp($smtp_authpass = $_);
-
-				system "stty echo";
-			}
-
-			$auth ||= $smtp->auth( $smtp_authuser, $smtp_authpass ) or die $smtp->message;
-		}
+		smtp_auth_maybe or die $smtp->message;
 
 		$smtp->mail( $raw_from ) or die $smtp->message;
 		$smtp->to( @recipients ) or die $smtp->message;
@@ -1150,7 +1324,7 @@ X-Mailer: git-send-email $gitversion
 		printf (($dry_run ? "Dry-" : "")."Sent %s\n", $subject);
 	} else {
 		print (($dry_run ? "Dry-" : "")."OK. Log says:\n");
-		if ($smtp_server !~ m#^/#) {
+		if (!file_name_is_absolute($smtp_server)) {
 			print "Server: $smtp_server\n";
 			print "MAIL FROM:<$raw_from>\n";
 			foreach my $entry (@recipients) {
@@ -1180,9 +1354,12 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 	open my $fh, "<", $t or die "can't open file $t";
 
 	my $author = undef;
+	my $sauthor = undef;
 	my $author_encoding;
 	my $has_content_type;
 	my $body_encoding;
+	my $xfer_encoding;
+	my $has_mime_version;
 	@to = ();
 	@cc = ();
 	@xh = ();
@@ -1213,27 +1390,30 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 		}
 
 		if (defined $input_format && $input_format eq 'mbox') {
-			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			if (/^Subject:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				$subject = $1;
 			}
-			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^From:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				($author, $author_encoding) = unquote_rfc2047($1);
+				$sauthor = sanitize_address($author);
 				next if $suppress_cc{'author'};
-				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $author eq $sender;
+				next if $suppress_cc{'self'} and $sauthor eq $sender;
 				printf("(mbox) Adding cc: %s from line '%s'\n",
 					$1, $_) unless $quiet;
 				push @cc, $1;
 			}
-			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^To:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
 					printf("(mbox) Adding to: %s from line '%s'\n",
 						$addr, $_) unless $quiet;
-					push @to, sanitize_address($addr);
+					push @to, $addr;
 				}
 			}
-			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/) {
+			elsif (/^Cc:\s+(.*)$/i) {
 				foreach my $addr (parse_address_line($1)) {
-					if (unquote_rfc2047($addr) eq $sender) {
+					my $qaddr = unquote_rfc2047($addr);
+					my $saddr = sanitize_address($qaddr);
+					if ($saddr eq $sender) {
 						next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
 					} else {
 						next if ($suppress_cc{'cc'});
@@ -1250,10 +1430,17 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 				}
 				push @xh, $_;
 			}
+			elsif (/^MIME-Version/i) {
+				$has_mime_version = 1;
+				push @xh, $_;
+			}
 			elsif (/^Message-Id: (.*)/i) {
 				$message_id = $1;
 			}
-			elsif (!/^Date:\s/ && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
+			elsif (/^Content-Transfer-Encoding: (.*)/i) {
+				$xfer_encoding = $1 if not defined $xfer_encoding;
+			}
+			elsif (!/^Date:\s/i && /^[-A-Za-z]+:\s+\S/) {
 				push @xh, $_;
 			}
 
@@ -1280,7 +1467,8 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 			chomp;
 			my ($what, $c) = ($1, $2);
 			chomp $c;
-			if ($c eq $sender) {
+			my $sc = sanitize_address($c);
+			if ($sc eq $sender) {
 				next if ($suppress_cc{'self'});
 			} else {
 				next if $suppress_cc{'sob'} and $what =~ /Signed-off-by/i;
@@ -1299,18 +1487,17 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 		if defined $cc_cmd && !$suppress_cc{'cccmd'};
 
 	if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !$has_content_type) {
+		$xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
 		$has_content_type = 1;
-		push @xh, "MIME-Version: 1.0",
-			"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$auto_8bit_encoding",
-			"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit";
+		push @xh, "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$auto_8bit_encoding";
 		$body_encoding = $auto_8bit_encoding;
 	}
 
 	if ($broken_encoding{$t} && !is_rfc2047_quoted($subject)) {
-		$subject = quote_rfc2047($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
+		$subject = quote_subject($subject, $auto_8bit_encoding);
 	}
 
-	if (defined $author and $author ne $sender) {
+	if (defined $sauthor and $sauthor ne $sender) {
 		$message = "From: $author\n\n$message";
 		if (defined $author_encoding) {
 			if ($has_content_type) {
@@ -1322,14 +1509,25 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 				}
 			}
 			else {
+				$xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
 				$has_content_type = 1;
 				push @xh,
-				  'MIME-Version: 1.0',
-				  "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$author_encoding",
-				  'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit';
+				  "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=$author_encoding";
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	if (defined $target_xfer_encoding) {
+		$xfer_encoding = '8bit' if not defined $xfer_encoding;
+		$message = apply_transfer_encoding(
+			$message, $xfer_encoding, $target_xfer_encoding);
+		$xfer_encoding = $target_xfer_encoding;
+	}
+	if (defined $xfer_encoding) {
+		push @xh, "Content-Transfer-Encoding: $xfer_encoding";
+	}
+	if (defined $xfer_encoding or $has_content_type) {
+		unshift @xh, 'MIME-Version: 1.0' unless $has_mime_version;
+	}
 
 	$needs_confirm = (
 		$confirm eq "always" or
@@ -1337,14 +1535,26 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 		($confirm =~ /^(?:auto|compose)$/ && $compose && $message_num == 1));
 	$needs_confirm = "inform" if ($needs_confirm && $confirm_unconfigured && @cc);
 
+	@to = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@to));
+	@cc = validate_address_list(sanitize_address_list(@cc));
+
 	@to = (@initial_to, @to);
 	@cc = (@initial_cc, @cc);
 
+	if ($message_num == 1) {
+		if (defined $cover_cc and $cover_cc) {
+			@initial_cc = @cc;
+		}
+		if (defined $cover_to and $cover_to) {
+			@initial_to = @to;
+		}
+	}
+
 	my $message_was_sent = send_message();
 
 	# set up for the next message
 	if ($thread && $message_was_sent &&
-		(chain_reply_to() || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0 ||
+		($chain_reply_to || !defined $reply_to || length($reply_to) == 0 ||
 		$message_num == 1)) {
 		$reply_to = $message_id;
 		if (length $references > 0) {
@@ -1361,15 +1571,14 @@ foreach my $t (@files) {
 sub recipients_cmd {
 	my ($prefix, $what, $cmd, $file) = @_;
 
-	my $sanitized_sender = sanitize_address($sender);
 	my @addresses = ();
-	open my $fh, "$cmd \Q$file\E |"
+	open my $fh, "-|", "$cmd \Q$file\E"
 	    or die "($prefix) Could not execute '$cmd'";
 	while (my $address = <$fh>) {
 		$address =~ s/^\s*//g;
 		$address =~ s/\s*$//g;
 		$address = sanitize_address($address);
-		next if ($address eq $sanitized_sender and $suppress_from);
+		next if ($address eq $sender and $suppress_cc{'self'});
 		push @addresses, $address;
 		printf("($prefix) Adding %s: %s from: '%s'\n",
 		       $what, $address, $cmd) unless $quiet;
@@ -1387,19 +1596,41 @@ sub cleanup_compose_files {
 
 $smtp->quit if $smtp;
 
+sub apply_transfer_encoding {
+	my $message = shift;
+	my $from = shift;
+	my $to = shift;
+
+	return $message if ($from eq $to and $from ne '7bit');
+
+	require MIME::QuotedPrint;
+	require MIME::Base64;
+
+	$message = MIME::QuotedPrint::decode($message)
+		if ($from eq 'quoted-printable');
+	$message = MIME::Base64::decode($message)
+		if ($from eq 'base64');
+
+	die "cannot send message as 7bit"
+		if ($to eq '7bit' and $message =~ /[^[:ascii:]]/);
+	return $message
+		if ($to eq '7bit' or $to eq '8bit');
+	return MIME::QuotedPrint::encode($message, "\n", 0)
+		if ($to eq 'quoted-printable');
+	return MIME::Base64::encode($message, "\n")
+		if ($to eq 'base64');
+	die "invalid transfer encoding";
+}
+
 sub unique_email_list {
 	my %seen;
 	my @emails;
 
 	foreach my $entry (@_) {
-		if (my $clean = extract_valid_address($entry)) {
-			$seen{$clean} ||= 0;
-			next if $seen{$clean}++;
-			push @emails, $entry;
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "W: unable to extract a valid address",
-					" from: $entry\n";
-		}
+		my $clean = extract_valid_address_or_die($entry);
+		$seen{$clean} ||= 0;
+		next if $seen{$clean}++;
+		push @emails, $entry;
 	}
 	return @emails;
 }
@@ -1413,7 +1644,7 @@ sub validate_patch {
 			return "$.: patch contains a line longer than 998 characters";
 		}
 	}
-	return undef;
+	return;
 }
 
 sub file_has_nonascii {
diff --git a/git-sh-i18n.sh b/git-sh-i18n.sh
index d5fae993b0..e6c3116e18 100644
--- a/git-sh-i18n.sh
+++ b/git-sh-i18n.sh
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# This shell library is Git's interface to gettext.sh. See po/README
+# for usage instructions.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason
 #
-# This is Git's interface to gettext.sh. See po/README for usage
-# instructions.
 
 # Export the TEXTDOMAIN* data that we need for Git
 TEXTDOMAIN=git
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME=fallthrough
 if test -n "@@USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME@@"
 then
 	GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_SH_SCHEME="@@USE_GETTEXT_SCHEME@@"
-elif test -n "@@USE_FALLTHROUGH_GETTEXT_SCHEME@@$GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_TEST_FALLBACKS"
+elif test -n "$GIT_INTERNAL_GETTEXT_TEST_FALLBACKS"
 then
 	: no probing necessary
 elif test -n "$GIT_GETTEXT_POISON"
diff --git a/git-sh-setup.sh b/git-sh-setup.sh
index 5d8e4e6c89..c42c6e6365 100644
--- a/git-sh-setup.sh
+++ b/git-sh-setup.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# This is included in commands that either have to be run from the toplevel
-# of the repository, or with GIT_DIR environment variable properly.
-# If the GIT_DIR does not look like the right correct git-repository,
-# it dies.
+# This shell scriplet is meant to be included by other shell scripts
+# to set up some variables pointing at the normal git directories and
+# a few helper shell functions.
 
 # Having this variable in your environment would break scripts because
 # you would cause "cd" to be taken to unexpected places.  If you
 # like CDPATH, define it for your interactive shell sessions without
 # exporting it.
+# But we protect ourselves from such a user mistake nevertheless.
 unset CDPATH
 
+# Similarly for IFS, but some shells (e.g. FreeBSD 7.2) are buggy and
+# do not equate an unset IFS with IFS with the default, so here is
+# an explicit SP HT LF.
+IFS=' 	
+'
+
 git_broken_path_fix () {
 	case ":$PATH:" in
 	*:$1:*) : ok ;;
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@ die () {
 die_with_status () {
 	status=$1
 	shift
-	echo >&2 "$*"
+	printf >&2 '%s\n' "$*"
 	exit "$status"
 }
 
@@ -68,6 +72,8 @@ if test -n "$OPTIONS_SPEC"; then
 	parseopt_extra=
 	[ -n "$OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH" ] &&
 		parseopt_extra="--keep-dashdash"
+	[ -n "$OPTIONS_STUCKLONG" ] &&
+		parseopt_extra="$parseopt_extra --stuck-long"
 
 	eval "$(
 		echo "$OPTIONS_SPEC" |
@@ -75,16 +81,16 @@ if test -n "$OPTIONS_SPEC"; then
 		echo exit $?
 	)"
 else
-	dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
+	dashless=$(basename -- "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
 	usage() {
-		die "Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+		die "usage: $dashless $USAGE"
 	}
 
 	if [ -z "$LONG_USAGE" ]
 	then
-		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE"
+		LONG_USAGE="usage: $dashless $USAGE"
 	else
-		LONG_USAGE="Usage: $dashless $USAGE
+		LONG_USAGE="usage: $dashless $USAGE
 
 $LONG_USAGE"
 	fi
@@ -96,6 +102,40 @@ $LONG_USAGE"
 	esac
 fi
 
+# Set the name of the end-user facing command in the reflog when the
+# script may update refs.  When GIT_REFLOG_ACTION is already set, this
+# will not overwrite it, so that a scripted Porcelain (e.g. "git
+# rebase") can set it to its own name (e.g. "rebase") and then call
+# another scripted Porcelain (e.g. "git am") and a call to this
+# function in the latter will keep the name of the end-user facing
+# program (e.g. "rebase") in GIT_REFLOG_ACTION, ensuring whatever it
+# does will be record as actions done as part of the end-user facing
+# operation (e.g. "rebase").
+#
+# NOTE NOTE NOTE: consequently, after assigning a specific message to
+# GIT_REFLOG_ACTION when calling a "git" command to record a custom
+# reflog message, do not leave that custom value in GIT_REFLOG_ACTION,
+# after you are done.  Other callers of "git" commands that rely on
+# writing the default "program name" in reflog expect the variable to
+# contain the value set by this function.
+#
+# To use a custom reflog message, do either one of these three:
+#
+# (a) use a single-shot export form:
+#     GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: preparing frotz" \
+#         git command-that-updates-a-ref
+#
+# (b) save the original away and restore:
+#     SAVED_ACTION=$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION
+#     GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: preparing frotz"
+#     git command-that-updates-a-ref
+#     GIT_REFLOG_ACITON=$SAVED_ACTION
+#
+# (c) assign the variable in a subshell:
+#     (
+#         GIT_REFLOG_ACTION="$GIT_REFLOG_ACTION: preparing frotz"
+#         git command-that-updates-a-ref
+#     )
 set_reflog_action() {
 	if [ -z "${GIT_REFLOG_ACTION:+set}" ]
 	then
@@ -120,8 +160,9 @@ git_pager() {
 	else
 		GIT_PAGER=cat
 	fi
-	: ${LESS=-FRSX}
-	export LESS
+	: ${LESS=-FRX}
+	: ${LV=-c}
+	export LESS LV
 
 	eval "$GIT_PAGER" '"$@"'
 }
@@ -187,28 +228,52 @@ require_clean_work_tree () {
 	fi
 }
 
+# Generate a sed script to parse identities from a commit.
+#
+# Reads the commit from stdin, which should be in raw format (e.g., from
+# cat-file or "--pretty=raw").
+#
+# The first argument specifies the ident line to parse (e.g., "author"), and
+# the second specifies the environment variable to put it in (e.g., "AUTHOR"
+# for "GIT_AUTHOR_*"). Multiple pairs can be given to parse author and
+# committer.
+pick_ident_script () {
+	while test $# -gt 0
+	do
+		lid=$1; shift
+		uid=$1; shift
+		printf '%s' "
+		/^$lid /{
+			s/'/'\\\\''/g
+			h
+			s/^$lid "'\([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_NAME='&'/p
+
+			g
+			s/^$lid "'[^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_EMAIL='&'/p
+
+			g
+			s/^$lid "'[^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/@\1/'"
+			s/.*/GIT_${uid}_DATE='&'/p
+		}
+		"
+	done
+	echo '/^$/q'
+}
+
+# Create a pick-script as above and feed it to sed. Stdout is suitable for
+# feeding to eval.
+parse_ident_from_commit () {
+	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$(pick_ident_script "$@")"
+}
+
+# Parse the author from a commit given as an argument. Stdout is suitable for
+# feeding to eval to set the usual GIT_* ident variables.
 get_author_ident_from_commit () {
-	pick_author_script='
-	/^author /{
-		s/'\''/'\''\\'\'\''/g
-		h
-		s/^author \([^<]*\) <[^>]*> .*$/\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='\''&'\''/p
-
-		g
-		s/^author [^<]* <\([^>]*\)> .*$/\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL='\''&'\''/p
-
-		g
-		s/^author [^<]* <[^>]*> \(.*\)$/@\1/
-		s/.*/GIT_AUTHOR_DATE='\''&'\''/p
-
-		q
-	}
-	'
 	encoding=$(git config i18n.commitencoding || echo UTF-8)
 	git show -s --pretty=raw --encoding="$encoding" "$1" -- |
-	LANG=C LC_ALL=C sed -ne "$pick_author_script"
+	parse_ident_from_commit author AUTHOR
 }
 
 # Clear repo-local GIT_* environment variables. Useful when switching to
@@ -218,27 +283,20 @@ clear_local_git_env() {
 	unset $(git rev-parse --local-env-vars)
 }
 
-# Make sure we are in a valid repository of a vintage we understand,
-# if we require to be in a git repository.
-if test -z "$NONGIT_OK"
-then
-	GIT_DIR=$(git rev-parse --git-dir) || exit
-	if [ -z "$SUBDIRECTORY_OK" ]
-	then
-		test -z "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)" || {
-			exit=$?
-			echo >&2 "You need to run this command from the toplevel of the working tree."
-			exit $exit
-		}
-	fi
-	test -n "$GIT_DIR" && GIT_DIR=$(cd "$GIT_DIR" && pwd) || {
-		echo >&2 "Unable to determine absolute path of git directory"
-		exit 1
-	}
-	: ${GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY="$GIT_DIR/objects"}
-fi
+# Generate a virtual base file for a two-file merge. Uses git apply to
+# remove lines from $1 that are not in $2, leaving only common lines.
+create_virtual_base() {
+	sz0=$(wc -c <"$1")
+	@@DIFF@@ -u -La/"$1" -Lb/"$1" "$1" "$2" | git apply --no-add
+	sz1=$(wc -c <"$1")
 
-# Fix some commands on Windows
+	# If we do not have enough common material, it is not
+	# worth trying two-file merge using common subsections.
+	expr $sz0 \< $sz1 \* 2 >/dev/null || : >"$1"
+}
+
+
+# Platform specific tweaks to work around some commands
 case $(uname -s) in
 *MINGW*)
 	# Windows has its own (incompatible) sort and find
@@ -248,6 +306,10 @@ case $(uname -s) in
 	find () {
 		/usr/bin/find "$@"
 	}
+	# git sees Windows-style pwd
+	pwd () {
+		builtin pwd -W
+	}
 	is_absolute_path () {
 		case "$1" in
 		[/\\]* | [A-Za-z]:*)
@@ -265,3 +327,39 @@ case $(uname -s) in
 		return 1
 	}
 esac
+
+# Make sure we are in a valid repository of a vintage we understand,
+# if we require to be in a git repository.
+git_dir_init () {
+	GIT_DIR=$(git rev-parse --git-dir) || exit
+	if [ -z "$SUBDIRECTORY_OK" ]
+	then
+		test -z "$(git rev-parse --show-cdup)" || {
+			exit=$?
+			echo >&2 "You need to run this command from the toplevel of the working tree."
+			exit $exit
+		}
+	fi
+	test -n "$GIT_DIR" && GIT_DIR=$(cd "$GIT_DIR" && pwd) || {
+		echo >&2 "Unable to determine absolute path of git directory"
+		exit 1
+	}
+	: ${GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY="$GIT_DIR/objects"}
+}
+
+if test -z "$NONGIT_OK"
+then
+	git_dir_init
+fi
+
+peel_committish () {
+	case "$1" in
+	:/*)
+		peeltmp=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
+		git rev-parse --verify "${peeltmp}^0"
+		;;
+	*)
+		git rev-parse --verify "${1}^0"
+		;;
+	esac
+}
diff --git a/git-stash.sh b/git-stash.sh
index fe4ab28b2e..d4cf818be9 100755
--- a/git-stash.sh
+++ b/git-stash.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ USAGE="list [<options>]
 
 SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
-START_DIR=`pwd`
+START_DIR=$(pwd)
 . git-sh-setup
 . git-sh-i18n
 require_work_tree
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ clear_stash () {
 	then
 		die "$(gettext "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented")"
 	fi
-	if current=$(git rev-parse --verify $ref_stash 2>/dev/null)
+	if current=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet $ref_stash)
 	then
 		git update-ref -d $ref_stash $current
 	fi
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ create_stash () {
 		# ease of unpacking later.
 		u_commit=$(
 			untracked_files | (
-				export GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMPindex"
+				GIT_INDEX_FILE="$TMPindex" &&
+				export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
 				rm -f "$TMPindex" &&
 				git update-index -z --add --remove --stdin &&
 				u_tree=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -156,6 +157,41 @@ create_stash () {
 	die "$(gettext "Cannot record working tree state")"
 }
 
+store_stash () {
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-m|--message)
+			shift
+			stash_msg="$1"
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			quiet=t
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+	test $# = 1 ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "\"$dashless store\" requires one <commit> argument")"
+
+	w_commit="$1"
+	if test -z "$stash_msg"
+	then
+		stash_msg="Created via \"git stash store\"."
+	fi
+
+	# Make sure the reflog for stash is kept.
+	: >>"$GIT_DIR/logs/$ref_stash"
+	git update-ref -m "$stash_msg" $ref_stash $w_commit
+	ret=$?
+	test $ret != 0 && test -z $quiet &&
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Cannot update \$ref_stash with \$w_commit")"
+	return $ret
+}
+
 save_stash () {
 	keep_index=
 	patch_mode=
@@ -199,8 +235,8 @@ save_stash () {
 			#    $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
 			#    error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
 			#           To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
-			eval_gettextln "$("error: unknown option for 'stash save': \$option
-       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '\$option'")"
+			eval_gettextln "error: unknown option for 'stash save': \$option
+       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '\$option'"
 			usage
 			;;
 		*)
@@ -227,12 +263,8 @@ save_stash () {
 		clear_stash || die "$(gettext "Cannot initialize stash")"
 
 	create_stash "$stash_msg" $untracked
-
-	# Make sure the reflog for stash is kept.
-	: >>"$GIT_DIR/logs/$ref_stash"
-
-	git update-ref -m "$stash_msg" $ref_stash $w_commit ||
-		die "$(gettext "Cannot save the current status")"
+	store_stash -m "$stash_msg" -q $w_commit ||
+	die "$(gettext "Cannot save the current status")"
 	say Saved working directory and index state "$stash_msg"
 
 	if test -z "$patch_mode"
@@ -260,12 +292,12 @@ save_stash () {
 }
 
 have_stash () {
-	git rev-parse --verify $ref_stash >/dev/null 2>&1
+	git rev-parse --verify --quiet $ref_stash >/dev/null
 }
 
 list_stash () {
 	have_stash || return 0
-	git log --format="%gd: %gs" -g "$@" $ref_stash --
+	git log --format="%gd: %gs" -g --first-parent -m "$@" $ref_stash --
 }
 
 show_stash () {
@@ -327,7 +359,7 @@ parse_flags_and_rev()
 	i_tree=
 	u_tree=
 
-	REV=$(git rev-parse --no-flags --symbolic "$@") || exit 1
+	REV=$(git rev-parse --no-flags --symbolic --sq "$@") || exit 1
 
 	FLAGS=
 	for opt
@@ -345,7 +377,7 @@ parse_flags_and_rev()
 		esac
 	done
 
-	set -- $REV
+	eval set -- $REV
 
 	case $# in
 		0)
@@ -360,13 +392,13 @@ parse_flags_and_rev()
 		;;
 	esac
 
-	REV=$(git rev-parse --quiet --symbolic --verify $1 2>/dev/null) || {
+	REV=$(git rev-parse --symbolic --verify --quiet "$1") || {
 		reference="$1"
-		die "$(eval_gettext "\$reference is not valid reference")"
+		die "$(eval_gettext "\$reference is not a valid reference")"
 	}
 
-	i_commit=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify $REV^2 2>/dev/null) &&
-	set -- $(git rev-parse $REV $REV^1 $REV: $REV^1: $REV^2: 2>/dev/null) &&
+	i_commit=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$REV^2") &&
+	set -- $(git rev-parse "$REV" "$REV^1" "$REV:" "$REV^1:" "$REV^2:" 2>/dev/null) &&
 	s=$1 &&
 	w_commit=$1 &&
 	b_commit=$2 &&
@@ -377,8 +409,8 @@ parse_flags_and_rev()
 	test "$ref_stash" = "$(git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name "${REV%@*}")" &&
 	IS_STASH_REF=t
 
-	u_commit=$(git rev-parse --quiet --verify $REV^3 2>/dev/null) &&
-	u_tree=$(git rev-parse $REV^3: 2>/dev/null)
+	u_commit=$(git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$REV^3") &&
+	u_tree=$(git rev-parse "$REV^3:" 2>/dev/null)
 }
 
 is_stash_like()
@@ -469,6 +501,7 @@ apply_stash () {
 	else
 		# Merge conflict; keep the exit status from merge-recursive
 		status=$?
+		git rerere
 		if test -n "$INDEX_OPTION"
 		then
 			gettextln "Index was not unstashed." >&2
@@ -480,8 +513,14 @@ apply_stash () {
 pop_stash() {
 	assert_stash_ref "$@"
 
-	apply_stash "$@" &&
-	drop_stash "$@"
+	if apply_stash "$@"
+	then
+		drop_stash "$@"
+	else
+		status=$?
+		say "The stash is kept in case you need it again."
+		exit $status
+	fi
 }
 
 drop_stash () {
@@ -492,7 +531,8 @@ drop_stash () {
 		die "$(eval_gettext "\${REV}: Could not drop stash entry")"
 
 	# clear_stash if we just dropped the last stash entry
-	git rev-parse --verify "$ref_stash@{0}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || clear_stash
+	git rev-parse --verify --quiet "$ref_stash@{0}" >/dev/null ||
+	clear_stash
 }
 
 apply_to_branch () {
@@ -545,12 +585,13 @@ clear)
 	clear_stash "$@"
 	;;
 create)
-	if test $# -gt 0 && test "$1" = create
-	then
-		shift
-	fi
+	shift
 	create_stash "$*" && echo "$w_commit"
 	;;
+store)
+	shift
+	store_stash "$@"
+	;;
 drop)
 	shift
 	drop_stash "$@"
diff --git a/git-submodule.sh b/git-submodule.sh
index 9bb2e13e92..36797c3c00 100755
--- a/git-submodule.sh
+++ b/git-submodule.sh
@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# git-submodules.sh: add, init, update or list git submodules
+# git-submodule.sh: add, init, update or list git submodules
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Lars Hjemli
 
 dashless=$(basename "$0" | sed -e 's/-/ /')
-USAGE="[--quiet] add [-b branch] [-f|--force] [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
+USAGE="[--quiet] add [-b <branch>] [-f|--force] [--name <name>] [--reference <repository>] [--] <repository> [<path>]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] status [--cached] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] init [--] [<path>...]
-   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [-N|--no-fetch] [-f|--force] [--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--merge] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] deinit [-f|--force] [--] <path>...
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] update [--init] [--remote] [-N|--no-fetch] [-f|--force] [--checkout|--merge|--rebase] [--reference <repository>] [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] summary [--cached|--files] [--summary-limit <n>] [commit] [--] [<path>...]
    or: $dashless [--quiet] foreach [--recursive] <command>
-   or: $dashless [--quiet] sync [--] [<path>...]"
+   or: $dashless [--quiet] sync [--recursive] [--] [<path>...]"
 OPTIONS_SPEC=
+SUBDIRECTORY_OK=Yes
 . git-sh-setup
 . git-sh-i18n
 . git-parse-remote
 require_work_tree
+wt_prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
+cd_to_toplevel
 
 command=
 branch=
@@ -26,11 +30,29 @@ cached=
 recursive=
 init=
 files=
+remote=
 nofetch=
 update=
 prefix=
-
-# Resolve relative url by appending to parent's url
+custom_name=
+depth=
+
+# The function takes at most 2 arguments. The first argument is the
+# URL that navigates to the submodule origin repo. When relative, this URL
+# is relative to the superproject origin URL repo. The second up_path
+# argument, if specified, is the relative path that navigates
+# from the submodule working tree to the superproject working tree.
+#
+# The output of the function is the origin URL of the submodule.
+#
+# The output will either be an absolute URL or filesystem path (if the
+# superproject origin URL is an absolute URL or filesystem path,
+# respectively) or a relative file system path (if the superproject
+# origin URL is a relative file system path).
+#
+# When the output is a relative file system path, the path is either
+# relative to the submodule working tree, if up_path is specified, or to
+# the superproject working tree otherwise.
 resolve_relative_url ()
 {
 	remote=$(get_default_remote)
@@ -39,6 +61,21 @@ resolve_relative_url ()
 	url="$1"
 	remoteurl=${remoteurl%/}
 	sep=/
+	up_path="$2"
+
+	case "$remoteurl" in
+	*:*|/*)
+		is_relative=
+		;;
+	./*|../*)
+		is_relative=t
+		;;
+	*)
+		is_relative=t
+		remoteurl="./$remoteurl"
+		;;
+	esac
+
 	while test -n "$url"
 	do
 		case "$url" in
@@ -53,7 +90,12 @@ resolve_relative_url ()
 				sep=:
 				;;
 			*)
-				die "$(eval_gettext "cannot strip one component off url '\$remoteurl'")"
+				if test -z "$is_relative" || test "." = "$remoteurl"
+				then
+					die "$(eval_gettext "cannot strip one component off url '\$remoteurl'")"
+				else
+					remoteurl=.
+				fi
 				;;
 			esac
 			;;
@@ -64,7 +106,43 @@ resolve_relative_url ()
 			break;;
 		esac
 	done
-	echo "$remoteurl$sep${url%/}"
+	remoteurl="$remoteurl$sep${url%/}"
+	echo "${is_relative:+${up_path}}${remoteurl#./}"
+}
+
+# Resolve a path to be relative to another path.  This is intended for
+# converting submodule paths when git-submodule is run in a subdirectory
+# and only handles paths where the directory separator is '/'.
+#
+# The output is the first argument as a path relative to the second argument,
+# which defaults to $wt_prefix if it is omitted.
+relative_path ()
+{
+	local target curdir result
+	target=$1
+	curdir=${2-$wt_prefix}
+	curdir=${curdir%/}
+	result=
+
+	while test -n "$curdir"
+	do
+		case "$target" in
+		"$curdir/"*)
+			target=${target#"$curdir"/}
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+
+		result="${result}../"
+		if test "$curdir" = "${curdir%/*}"
+		then
+			curdir=
+		else
+			curdir="${curdir%/*}"
+		fi
+	done
+
+	echo "$result$target"
 }
 
 #
@@ -73,26 +151,76 @@ resolve_relative_url ()
 #
 module_list()
 {
-	git ls-files --error-unmatch --stage -- "$@" |
-	perl -e '
+	eval "set $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$wt_prefix" -- "$@")"
+	(
+		git ls-files -z --error-unmatch --stage -- "$@" ||
+		echo "unmatched pathspec exists"
+	) |
+	@@PERL@@ -e '
 	my %unmerged = ();
 	my ($null_sha1) = ("0" x 40);
+	my @out = ();
+	my $unmatched = 0;
+	$/ = "\0";
 	while (<STDIN>) {
+		if (/^unmatched pathspec/) {
+			$unmatched = 1;
+			next;
+		}
 		chomp;
 		my ($mode, $sha1, $stage, $path) =
 			/^([0-7]+) ([0-9a-f]{40}) ([0-3])\t(.*)$/;
 		next unless $mode eq "160000";
 		if ($stage ne "0") {
 			if (!$unmerged{$path}++) {
-				print "$mode $null_sha1 U\t$path\n";
+				push @out, "$mode $null_sha1 U\t$path\n";
 			}
 			next;
 		}
-		print "$_\n";
+		push @out, "$_\n";
+	}
+	if ($unmatched) {
+		print "#unmatched\n";
+	} else {
+		print for (@out);
 	}
 	'
 }
 
+die_if_unmatched ()
+{
+	if test "$1" = "#unmatched"
+	then
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+#
+# Print a submodule configuration setting
+#
+# $1 = submodule name
+# $2 = option name
+# $3 = default value
+#
+# Checks in the usual git-config places first (for overrides),
+# otherwise it falls back on .gitmodules.  This allows you to
+# distribute project-wide defaults in .gitmodules, while still
+# customizing individual repositories if necessary.  If the option is
+# not in .gitmodules either, print a default value.
+#
+get_submodule_config () {
+	name="$1"
+	option="$2"
+	default="$3"
+	value=$(git config submodule."$name"."$option")
+	if test -z "$value"
+	then
+		value=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name"."$option")
+	fi
+	printf '%s' "${value:-$default}"
+}
+
+
 #
 # Map submodule path to submodule name
 #
@@ -101,17 +229,24 @@ module_list()
 module_name()
 {
 	# Do we have "submodule.<something>.path = $1" defined in .gitmodules file?
+	sm_path="$1"
 	re=$(printf '%s\n' "$1" | sed -e 's/[].[^$\\*]/\\&/g')
 	name=$( git config -f .gitmodules --get-regexp '^submodule\..*\.path$' |
 		sed -n -e 's|^submodule\.\(.*\)\.path '"$re"'$|\1|p' )
 	test -z "$name" &&
-	die "$(eval_gettext "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '\$path'")"
-	echo "$name"
+	die "$(eval_gettext "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '\$sm_path'")"
+	printf '%s\n' "$name"
 }
 
 #
 # Clone a submodule
 #
+# $1 = submodule path
+# $2 = submodule name
+# $3 = URL to clone
+# $4 = reference repository to reuse (empty for independent)
+# $5 = depth argument for shallow clones (empty for deep)
+#
 # Prior to calling, cmd_update checks that a possibly existing
 # path is not a git repository.
 # Likewise, cmd_add checks that path does not exist at all,
@@ -119,9 +254,11 @@ module_name()
 #
 module_clone()
 {
-	path=$1
-	url=$2
-	reference="$3"
+	sm_path=$1
+	name=$2
+	url=$3
+	reference="$4"
+	depth="$5"
 	quiet=
 	if test -n "$GIT_QUIET"
 	then
@@ -130,48 +267,54 @@ module_clone()
 
 	gitdir=
 	gitdir_base=
-	name=$(module_name "$path" 2>/dev/null)
-	test -n "$name" || name="$path"
-	base_path=$(dirname "$path")
+	base_name=$(dirname "$name")
 
 	gitdir=$(git rev-parse --git-dir)
-	gitdir_base="$gitdir/modules/$base_path"
-	gitdir="$gitdir/modules/$path"
-
-	case $gitdir in
-	/*)
-		a="$(cd_to_toplevel && pwd)/"
-		b=$gitdir
-		while [ "$b" ] && [ "${a%%/*}" = "${b%%/*}" ]
-		do
-			a=${a#*/} b=${b#*/};
-		done
-
-		rel="$a$name"
-		rel=`echo $rel | sed -e 's|[^/]*|..|g'`
-		rel_gitdir="$rel/$b"
-		;;
-	*)
-		rel=`echo $name | sed -e 's|[^/]*|..|g'`
-		rel_gitdir="$rel/$gitdir"
-		;;
-	esac
+	gitdir_base="$gitdir/modules/$base_name"
+	gitdir="$gitdir/modules/$name"
 
 	if test -d "$gitdir"
 	then
-		mkdir -p "$path"
-		echo "gitdir: $rel_gitdir" >"$path/.git"
+		mkdir -p "$sm_path"
 		rm -f "$gitdir/index"
 	else
 		mkdir -p "$gitdir_base"
-		if test -n "$reference"
-		then
-			git-clone $quiet "$reference" -n "$url" "$path" --separate-git-dir "$gitdir"
-		else
-			git-clone $quiet -n "$url" "$path" --separate-git-dir "$gitdir"
-		fi ||
-		die "$(eval_gettext "Clone of '\$url' into submodule path '\$path' failed")"
+		(
+			clear_local_git_env
+			git clone $quiet ${depth:+"$depth"} -n ${reference:+"$reference"} \
+				--separate-git-dir "$gitdir" "$url" "$sm_path"
+		) ||
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Clone of '\$url' into submodule path '\$sm_path' failed")"
 	fi
+
+	# We already are at the root of the work tree but cd_to_toplevel will
+	# resolve any symlinks that might be present in $PWD
+	a=$(cd_to_toplevel && cd "$gitdir" && pwd)/
+	b=$(cd_to_toplevel && cd "$sm_path" && pwd)/
+	# Remove all common leading directories after a sanity check
+	if test "${a#$b}" != "$a" || test "${b#$a}" != "$b"; then
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Gitdir '\$a' is part of the submodule path '\$b' or vice versa")"
+	fi
+	while test "${a%%/*}" = "${b%%/*}"
+	do
+		a=${a#*/}
+		b=${b#*/}
+	done
+	# Now chop off the trailing '/'s that were added in the beginning
+	a=${a%/}
+	b=${b%/}
+
+	# Turn each leading "*/" component into "../"
+	rel=$(printf '%s\n' "$b" | sed -e 's|[^/][^/]*|..|g')
+	printf '%s\n' "gitdir: $rel/$a" >"$sm_path/.git"
+
+	rel=$(printf '%s\n' "$a" | sed -e 's|[^/][^/]*|..|g')
+	(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config core.worktree "$rel/$b")
+}
+
+isnumber()
+{
+	n=$(($1 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$n" = "$1"
 }
 
 #
@@ -184,6 +327,7 @@ module_clone()
 cmd_add()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... add".
+	reference_path=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -200,13 +344,25 @@ cmd_add()
 			;;
 		--reference)
 			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
-			reference="--reference=$2"
+			reference_path=$2
 			shift
 			;;
 		--reference=*)
-			reference="$1"
+			reference_path="${1#--reference=}"
+			;;
+		--name)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			custom_name=$2
+			shift
+			;;
+		--depth)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			depth="--depth=$2"
 			shift
 			;;
+		--depth=*)
+			depth=$1
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -221,21 +377,34 @@ cmd_add()
 		shift
 	done
 
+	if test -n "$reference_path"
+	then
+		is_absolute_path "$reference_path" ||
+		reference_path="$wt_prefix$reference_path"
+
+		reference="--reference=$reference_path"
+	fi
+
 	repo=$1
-	path=$2
+	sm_path=$2
 
-	if test -z "$path"; then
-		path=$(echo "$repo" |
+	if test -z "$sm_path"; then
+		sm_path=$(printf '%s\n' "$repo" |
 			sed -e 's|/$||' -e 's|:*/*\.git$||' -e 's|.*[/:]||g')
 	fi
 
-	if test -z "$repo" -o -z "$path"; then
+	if test -z "$repo" || test -z "$sm_path"; then
 		usage
 	fi
 
+	is_absolute_path "$sm_path" || sm_path="$wt_prefix$sm_path"
+
 	# assure repo is absolute or relative to parent
 	case "$repo" in
 	./*|../*)
+		test -z "$wt_prefix" ||
+		die "$(gettext "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree")"
+
 		# dereference source url relative to parent's url
 		realrepo=$(resolve_relative_url "$repo") || exit
 		;;
@@ -250,59 +419,83 @@ cmd_add()
 
 	# normalize path:
 	# multiple //; leading ./; /./; /../; trailing /
-	path=$(printf '%s/\n' "$path" |
+	sm_path=$(printf '%s/\n' "$sm_path" |
 		sed -e '
 			s|//*|/|g
 			s|^\(\./\)*||
-			s|/\./|/|g
+			s|/\(\./\)*|/|g
 			:start
 			s|\([^/]*\)/\.\./||
 			tstart
 			s|/*$||
 		')
-	git ls-files --error-unmatch "$path" > /dev/null 2>&1 &&
-	die "$(eval_gettext "'\$path' already exists in the index")"
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch "$sm_path" > /dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	die "$(eval_gettext "'\$sm_path' already exists in the index")"
 
-	if test -z "$force" && ! git add --dry-run --ignore-missing "$path" > /dev/null 2>&1
+	if test -z "$force" && ! git add --dry-run --ignore-missing "$sm_path" > /dev/null 2>&1
 	then
 		eval_gettextln "The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:
-\$path
+\$sm_path
 Use -f if you really want to add it." >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
 
+	if test -n "$custom_name"
+	then
+		sm_name="$custom_name"
+	else
+		sm_name="$sm_path"
+	fi
+
 	# perhaps the path exists and is already a git repo, else clone it
-	if test -e "$path"
+	if test -e "$sm_path"
 	then
-		if test -d "$path"/.git -o -f "$path"/.git
+		if test -d "$sm_path"/.git || test -f "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
-			eval_gettextln "Adding existing repo at '\$path' to the index"
+			eval_gettextln "Adding existing repo at '\$sm_path' to the index"
 		else
-			die "$(eval_gettext "'\$path' already exists and is not a valid git repo")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "'\$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo")"
 		fi
 
 	else
-
-		module_clone "$path" "$realrepo" "$reference" || exit
+		if test -d ".git/modules/$sm_name"
+		then
+			if test -z "$force"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "A git directory for '\$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):")"
+				GIT_DIR=".git/modules/$sm_name" GIT_WORK_TREE=. git remote -v | grep '(fetch)' | sed -e s,^,"  ", -e s,' (fetch)',, >&2
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from")"
+				echo >&2 "  $realrepo"
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' option.")"
+			else
+				echo "$(eval_gettext "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '\$sm_name'.")"
+			fi
+		fi
+		module_clone "$sm_path" "$sm_name" "$realrepo" "$reference" "$depth" || exit
 		(
 			clear_local_git_env
-			cd "$path" &&
+			cd "$sm_path" &&
 			# ash fails to wordsplit ${branch:+-b "$branch"...}
 			case "$branch" in
 			'') git checkout -f -q ;;
 			?*) git checkout -f -q -B "$branch" "origin/$branch" ;;
 			esac
-		) || die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout submodule '\$path'")"
+		) || die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 	fi
-	git config submodule."$path".url "$realrepo"
+	git config submodule."$sm_name".url "$realrepo"
 
-	git add $force "$path" ||
-	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to add submodule '\$path'")"
+	git add $force "$sm_path" ||
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to add submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$path".path "$path" &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$path".url "$repo" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".path "$sm_path" &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".url "$repo" &&
+	if test -n "$branch"
+	then
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$sm_name".branch "$branch"
+	fi &&
 	git add --force .gitmodules ||
-	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register submodule '\$path'")"
+	die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register submodule '\$sm_path'")"
 }
 
 #
@@ -340,23 +533,33 @@ cmd_foreach()
 	exec 3<&0
 
 	module_list |
-	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
-		if test -e "$path"/.git
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		if test -e "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Entering '\$prefix\$path'")"
-			name=$(module_name "$path")
+			displaypath=$(relative_path "$sm_path")
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Entering '\$prefix\$displaypath'")"
+			name=$(module_name "$sm_path")
 			(
-				prefix="$prefix$path/"
+				prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
 				clear_local_git_env
-				cd "$path" &&
-				eval "$@" &&
+				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				sm_path=$(relative_path "$sm_path") &&
+				# we make $path available to scripts ...
+				path=$sm_path &&
+				if test $# -eq 1
+				then
+					eval "$1"
+				else
+					"$@"
+				fi &&
 				if test -n "$recursive"
 				then
 					cmd_foreach "--recursive" "$@"
 				fi
 			) <&3 3<&- ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Stopping at '\$path'; script returned non-zero status.")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Stopping at '\$prefix\$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status.")"
 		fi
 	done
 }
@@ -390,15 +593,19 @@ cmd_init()
 	done
 
 	module_list "$@" |
-	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
-		# Skip already registered paths
-		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
+
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$sm_path")
+
+		# Copy url setting when it is not set yet
 		if test -z "$(git config "submodule.$name.url")"
 		then
 			url=$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".url)
 			test -z "$url" &&
-			die "$(eval_gettext "No url found for submodule path '\$path' in .gitmodules")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "No url found for submodule path '\$displaypath' in .gitmodules")"
 
 			# Possibly a url relative to parent
 			case "$url" in
@@ -407,17 +614,105 @@ cmd_init()
 				;;
 			esac
 			git config submodule."$name".url "$url" ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register url for submodule path '\$path'")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register url for submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) registered for path '\$displaypath'")"
 		fi
 
 		# Copy "update" setting when it is not set yet
-		upd="$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".update)"
-		test -z "$upd" ||
-		test -n "$(git config submodule."$name".update)" ||
-		git config submodule."$name".update "$upd" ||
-		die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '\$path'")"
+		if upd="$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule."$name".update)" &&
+		   test -n "$upd" &&
+		   test -z "$(git config submodule."$name".update)"
+		then
+			case "$upd" in
+			checkout | rebase | merge | none)
+				;; # known modes of updating
+			*)
+				echo >&2 "warning: unknown update mode '$upd' suggested for submodule '$name'"
+				upd=none
+				;;
+			esac
+			git config submodule."$name".update "$upd" ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
+	done
+}
 
-		say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) registered for path '\$path'")"
+#
+# Unregister submodules from .git/config and remove their work tree
+#
+# $@ = requested paths (use '.' to deinit all submodules)
+#
+cmd_deinit()
+{
+	# parse $args after "submodule ... deinit".
+	while test $# -ne 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-f|--force)
+			force=$1
+			;;
+		-q|--quiet)
+			GIT_QUIET=1
+			;;
+		--)
+			shift
+			break
+			;;
+		-*)
+			usage
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+
+	if test $# = 0
+	then
+		die "$(eval_gettext "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules")"
+	fi
+
+	module_list "$@" |
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
+	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
+
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$sm_path")
+
+		# Remove the submodule work tree (unless the user already did it)
+		if test -d "$sm_path"
+		then
+			# Protect submodules containing a .git directory
+			if test -d "$sm_path/.git"
+			then
+				echo >&2 "$(eval_gettext "Submodule work tree '\$displaypath' contains a .git directory")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)")"
+			fi
+
+			if test -z "$force"
+			then
+				git rm -qn "$sm_path" ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Submodule work tree '\$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to discard them")"
+			fi
+			rm -rf "$sm_path" &&
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Cleared directory '\$displaypath'")" ||
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Could not remove submodule work tree '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
+
+		mkdir "$sm_path" || say "$(eval_gettext "Could not create empty submodule directory '\$displaypath'")"
+
+		# Remove the .git/config entries (unless the user already did it)
+		if test -n "$(git config --get-regexp submodule."$name\.")"
+		then
+			# Remove the whole section so we have a clean state when
+			# the user later decides to init this submodule again
+			url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+			git config --remove-section submodule."$name" 2>/dev/null &&
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule '\$name' (\$url) unregistered for path '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
 	done
 }
 
@@ -429,7 +724,6 @@ cmd_init()
 cmd_update()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... update".
-	orig_flags=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -439,6 +733,9 @@ cmd_update()
 		-i|--init)
 			init=1
 			;;
+		--remote)
+			remote=1
+			;;
 		-N|--no-fetch)
 			nofetch=1
 			;;
@@ -451,7 +748,6 @@ cmd_update()
 		--reference)
 			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
 			reference="--reference=$2"
-			orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
 			shift
 			;;
 		--reference=*)
@@ -466,6 +762,14 @@ cmd_update()
 		--checkout)
 			update="checkout"
 			;;
+		--depth)
+			case "$2" in '') usage ;; esac
+			depth="--depth=$2"
+			shift
+			;;
+		--depth=*)
+			depth=$1
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -477,7 +781,6 @@ cmd_update()
 			break
 			;;
 		esac
-		orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
 		shift
 	done
 
@@ -489,25 +792,33 @@ cmd_update()
 	cloned_modules=
 	module_list "$@" | {
 	err=
-	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
 		if test "$stage" = U
 		then
-			echo >&2 "Skipping unmerged submodule $path"
+			echo >&2 "Skipping unmerged submodule $prefix$sm_path"
 			continue
 		fi
-		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
+		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
+		branch=$(get_submodule_config "$name" branch master)
 		if ! test -z "$update"
 		then
 			update_module=$update
 		else
 			update_module=$(git config submodule."$name".update)
+			if test -z "$update_module"
+			then
+				update_module="checkout"
+			fi
 		fi
 
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$prefix$sm_path")
+
 		if test "$update_module" = "none"
 		then
-			echo "Skipping submodule '$path'"
+			echo "Skipping submodule '$displaypath'"
 			continue
 		fi
 
@@ -516,27 +827,41 @@ cmd_update()
 			# Only mention uninitialized submodules when its
 			# path have been specified
 			test "$#" != "0" &&
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$path' not initialized
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath' not initialized
 Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 			continue
 		fi
 
-		if ! test -d "$path"/.git -o -f "$path"/.git
+		if ! test -d "$sm_path"/.git && ! test -f "$sm_path"/.git
 		then
-			module_clone "$path" "$url" "$reference"|| exit
+			module_clone "$sm_path" "$name" "$url" "$reference" "$depth" || exit
 			cloned_modules="$cloned_modules;$name"
 			subsha1=
 		else
-			subsha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" &&
+			subsha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
 				git rev-parse --verify HEAD) ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '\$path'")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+		fi
+
+		if test -n "$remote"
+		then
+			if test -z "$nofetch"
+			then
+				# Fetch remote before determining tracking $sha1
+				(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && git-fetch) ||
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
+			fi
+			remote_name=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && get_default_remote)
+			sha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
+				git rev-parse --verify "${remote_name}/${branch}") ||
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to find current ${remote_name}/${branch} revision in submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
 		fi
 
-		if test "$subsha1" != "$sha1"
+		if test "$subsha1" != "$sha1" || test -n "$force"
 		then
 			subforce=$force
 			# If we don't already have a -f flag and the submodule has never been checked out
-			if test -z "$subsha1" -a -z "$force"
+			if test -z "$subsha1" && test -z "$force"
 			then
 				subforce="-f"
 			fi
@@ -545,41 +870,49 @@ Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 			then
 				# Run fetch only if $sha1 isn't present or it
 				# is not reachable from a ref.
-				(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" &&
+				(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" &&
 					( (rev=$(git rev-list -n 1 $sha1 --not --all 2>/dev/null) &&
 					 test -z "$rev") || git-fetch)) ||
-				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$path'")"
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Unable to fetch in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
 			fi
 
 			# Is this something we just cloned?
 			case ";$cloned_modules;" in
 			*";$name;"*)
 				# then there is no local change to integrate
-				update_module= ;;
+				update_module=checkout ;;
 			esac
 
 			must_die_on_failure=
 			case "$update_module" in
+			checkout)
+				command="git checkout $subforce -q"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': checked out '\$sha1'")"
+				;;
 			rebase)
 				command="git rebase"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to rebase '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$path': rebased into '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to rebase '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': rebased into '\$sha1'")"
 				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
 			merge)
 				command="git merge"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to merge '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$path': merged in '\$sha1'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to merge '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$displaypath': merged in '\$sha1'")"
 				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
-			*)
-				command="git checkout $subforce -q"
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Unable to checkout '\$sha1' in submodule path '\$path'")"
-				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$path': checked out '\$sha1'")"
+			!*)
+				command="${update_module#!}"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Execution of '\$command \$sha1' failed in submodule  path '\$prefix\$sm_path'")"
+				say_msg="$(eval_gettext "Submodule path '\$prefix\$sm_path': '\$command \$sha1'")"
+				must_die_on_failure=yes
 				;;
+			*)
+				die "$(eval_gettext "Invalid update mode '$update_module' for submodule '$name'")"
 			esac
 
-			if (clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" && $command "$sha1")
+			if (clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && $command "$sha1")
 			then
 				say "$say_msg"
 			elif test -n "$must_die_on_failure"
@@ -593,11 +926,16 @@ Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?")"
 
 		if test -n "$recursive"
 		then
-			(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" && eval cmd_update "$orig_flags")
+			(
+				prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
+				clear_local_git_env
+				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				eval cmd_update
+			)
 			res=$?
 			if test $res -gt 0
 			then
-				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$path'")"
+				die_msg="$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$displaypath'")"
 				if test $res -eq 1
 				then
 					err="${err};$die_msg"
@@ -665,14 +1003,14 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			for_status="$1"
 			;;
 		-n|--summary-limit)
-			if summary_limit=$(($2 + 0)) 2>/dev/null && test "$summary_limit" = "$2"
-			then
-				:
-			else
-				usage
-			fi
+			summary_limit="$2"
+			isnumber "$summary_limit" || usage
 			shift
 			;;
+		--summary-limit=*)
+			summary_limit="${1#--summary-limit=}"
+			isnumber "$summary_limit" || usage
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -693,7 +1031,7 @@ cmd_summary() {
 	then
 		head=$rev
 		test $# = 0 || shift
-	elif test -z "$1" -o "$1" = "HEAD"
+	elif test -z "$1" || test "$1" = "HEAD"
 	then
 		# before the first commit: compare with an empty tree
 		head=$(git hash-object -w -t tree --stdin </dev/null)
@@ -705,22 +1043,34 @@ cmd_summary() {
 	if [ -n "$files" ]
 	then
 		test -n "$cached" &&
-		die "$(gettext -- "--cached cannot be used with --files")"
+		die "$(gettext "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option")"
 		diff_cmd=diff-files
 		head=
 	fi
 
 	cd_to_toplevel
+	eval "set $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$wt_prefix" -- "$@")"
 	# Get modified modules cared by user
 	modules=$(git $diff_cmd $cached --ignore-submodules=dirty --raw $head -- "$@" |
 		sane_egrep '^:([0-7]* )?160000' |
-		while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status name
+		while read mod_src mod_dst sha1_src sha1_dst status sm_path
 		do
 			# Always show modules deleted or type-changed (blob<->module)
-			test $status = D -o $status = T && echo "$name" && continue
+			if test "$status" = D || test "$status" = T
+			then
+				printf '%s\n' "$sm_path"
+				continue
+			fi
+			# Respect the ignore setting for --for-status.
+			if test -n "$for_status"
+			then
+				name=$(module_name "$sm_path")
+				ignore_config=$(get_submodule_config "$name" ignore none)
+				test $status != A && test $ignore_config = all && continue
+			fi
 			# Also show added or modified modules which are checked out
-			GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-			echo "$name"
+			GIT_DIR="$sm_path/.git" git-rev-parse --git-dir >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+			printf '%s\n' "$sm_path"
 		done
 	)
 
@@ -760,21 +1110,23 @@ cmd_summary() {
 		! GIT_DIR="$name/.git" git-rev-parse -q --verify $sha1_dst^0 >/dev/null &&
 		missing_dst=t
 
+		display_name=$(relative_path "$name")
+
 		total_commits=
 		case "$missing_src,$missing_dst" in
 		t,)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_src")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_src")"
 			;;
 		,t)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_dst")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commit \$sha1_dst")"
 			;;
 		t,t)
-			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$name doesn't contain commits \$sha1_src and \$sha1_dst")"
+			errmsg="$(eval_gettext "  Warn: \$display_name doesn't contain commits \$sha1_src and \$sha1_dst")"
 			;;
 		*)
 			errmsg=
 			total_commits=$(
-			if test $mod_src = 160000 -a $mod_dst = 160000
+			if test $mod_src = 160000 && test $mod_dst = 160000
 			then
 				range="$sha1_src...$sha1_dst"
 			elif test $mod_src = 160000
@@ -798,12 +1150,12 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			submodule="$(gettext "submodule")"
 			if test $mod_dst = 160000
 			then
-				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src($blob)->$sha1_abbr_dst($submodule)$total_commits:"
+				echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src($blob)->$sha1_abbr_dst($submodule)$total_commits:"
 			else
-				echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src($submodule)->$sha1_abbr_dst($blob)$total_commits:"
+				echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src($submodule)->$sha1_abbr_dst($blob)$total_commits:"
 			fi
 		else
-			echo "* $name $sha1_abbr_src...$sha1_abbr_dst$total_commits:"
+			echo "* $display_name $sha1_abbr_src...$sha1_abbr_dst$total_commits:"
 		fi
 		if test -n "$errmsg"
 		then
@@ -811,7 +1163,7 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			# i.e. deleted or changed to blob
 			test $mod_dst = 160000 && echo "$errmsg"
 		else
-			if test $mod_src = 160000 -a $mod_dst = 160000
+			if test $mod_src = 160000 && test $mod_dst = 160000
 			then
 				limit=
 				test $summary_limit -gt 0 && limit="-$summary_limit"
@@ -829,18 +1181,7 @@ cmd_summary() {
 			echo
 		fi
 		echo
-	done |
-	if test -n "$for_status"; then
-		if [ -n "$files" ]; then
-			gettextln "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
-		else
-			gettextln "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
-		fi
-		echo "#"
-		sed -e 's|^|# |' -e 's|^# $|#|'
-	else
-		cat
-	fi
+	done
 }
 #
 # List all submodules, prefixed with:
@@ -855,7 +1196,6 @@ cmd_summary() {
 cmd_status()
 {
 	# parse $args after "submodule ... status".
-	orig_flags=
 	while test $# -ne 0
 	do
 		case "$1" in
@@ -879,36 +1219,40 @@ cmd_status()
 			break
 			;;
 		esac
-		orig_flags="$orig_flags $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$1")"
 		shift
 	done
 
 	module_list "$@" |
-	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
-		name=$(module_name "$path") || exit
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		name=$(module_name "$sm_path") || exit
 		url=$(git config submodule."$name".url)
-		displaypath="$prefix$path"
+		displaypath=$(relative_path "$prefix$sm_path")
 		if test "$stage" = U
 		then
 			say "U$sha1 $displaypath"
 			continue
 		fi
-		if test -z "$url" || ! test -d "$path"/.git -o -f "$path"/.git
+		if test -z "$url" ||
+		{
+			! test -d "$sm_path"/.git &&
+			! test -f "$sm_path"/.git
+		}
 		then
 			say "-$sha1 $displaypath"
 			continue;
 		fi
-		set_name_rev "$path" "$sha1"
-		if git diff-files --ignore-submodules=dirty --quiet -- "$path"
+		if git diff-files --ignore-submodules=dirty --quiet -- "$sm_path"
 		then
+			set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 			say " $sha1 $displaypath$revname"
 		else
 			if test -z "$cached"
 			then
-				sha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$path" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
-				set_name_rev "$path" "$sha1"
+				sha1=$(clear_local_git_env; cd "$sm_path" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 			fi
+			set_name_rev "$sm_path" "$sha1"
 			say "+$sha1 $displaypath$revname"
 		fi
 
@@ -917,10 +1261,10 @@ cmd_status()
 			(
 				prefix="$displaypath/"
 				clear_local_git_env
-				cd "$path" &&
-				eval cmd_status "$orig_args"
+				cd "$sm_path" &&
+				eval cmd_status
 			) ||
-			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$path'")"
+			die "$(eval_gettext "Failed to recurse into submodule path '\$sm_path'")"
 		fi
 	done
 }
@@ -938,6 +1282,10 @@ cmd_sync()
 			GIT_QUIET=1
 			shift
 			;;
+		--recursive)
+			recursive=1
+			shift
+			;;
 		--)
 			shift
 			break
@@ -952,30 +1300,50 @@ cmd_sync()
 	done
 	cd_to_toplevel
 	module_list "$@" |
-	while read mode sha1 stage path
+	while read mode sha1 stage sm_path
 	do
-		name=$(module_name "$path")
+		die_if_unmatched "$mode"
+		name=$(module_name "$sm_path")
 		url=$(git config -f .gitmodules --get submodule."$name".url)
 
 		# Possibly a url relative to parent
 		case "$url" in
 		./*|../*)
-			url=$(resolve_relative_url "$url") || exit
+			# rewrite foo/bar as ../.. to find path from
+			# submodule work tree to superproject work tree
+			up_path="$(printf '%s\n' "$sm_path" | sed "s/[^/][^/]*/../g")" &&
+			# guarantee a trailing /
+			up_path=${up_path%/}/ &&
+			# path from submodule work tree to submodule origin repo
+			sub_origin_url=$(resolve_relative_url "$url" "$up_path") &&
+			# path from superproject work tree to submodule origin repo
+			super_config_url=$(resolve_relative_url "$url") || exit
+			;;
+		*)
+			sub_origin_url="$url"
+			super_config_url="$url"
 			;;
 		esac
 
 		if git config "submodule.$name.url" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
 		then
-			say "$(eval_gettext "Synchronizing submodule url for '\$name'")"
-			git config submodule."$name".url "$url"
+			displaypath=$(relative_path "$prefix$sm_path")
+			say "$(eval_gettext "Synchronizing submodule url for '\$displaypath'")"
+			git config submodule."$name".url "$super_config_url"
 
-			if test -e "$path"/.git
+			if test -e "$sm_path"/.git
 			then
 			(
 				clear_local_git_env
-				cd "$path"
+				cd "$sm_path"
 				remote=$(get_default_remote)
-				git config remote."$remote".url "$url"
+				git config remote."$remote".url "$sub_origin_url"
+
+				if test -n "$recursive"
+				then
+					prefix="$prefix$sm_path/"
+					eval cmd_sync
+				fi
 			)
 			fi
 		fi
@@ -991,7 +1359,7 @@ cmd_sync()
 while test $# != 0 && test -z "$command"
 do
 	case "$1" in
-	add | foreach | init | update | status | summary | sync)
+	add | foreach | init | deinit | update | status | summary | sync)
 		command=$1
 		;;
 	-q|--quiet)
@@ -1022,7 +1390,15 @@ do
 done
 
 # No command word defaults to "status"
-test -n "$command" || command=status
+if test -z "$command"
+then
+    if test $# = 0
+    then
+	command=status
+    else
+	usage
+    fi
+fi
 
 # "-b branch" is accepted only by "add"
 if test -n "$branch" && test "$command" != add
@@ -1031,7 +1407,7 @@ then
 fi
 
 # "--cached" is accepted only by "status" and "summary"
-if test -n "$cached" && test "$command" != status -a "$command" != summary
+if test -n "$cached" && test "$command" != status && test "$command" != summary
 then
 	usage
 fi
diff --git a/git-svn.perl b/git-svn.perl
index 4334b95f70..36f7240c99 100755
--- a/git-svn.perl
+++ b/git-svn.perl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env perl
+#!/usr/bin/perl
 # Copyright (C) 2006, Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>
 # License: GPL v2 or later
 use 5.008;
@@ -10,17 +10,54 @@ use vars qw/	$AUTHOR $VERSION
 $AUTHOR = 'Eric Wong <normalperson@yhbt.net>';
 $VERSION = '@@GIT_VERSION@@';
 
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use File::Spec;
+use Getopt::Long qw/:config gnu_getopt no_ignore_case auto_abbrev/;
+use Memoize;
+
+use Git::SVN;
+use Git::SVN::Editor;
+use Git::SVN::Fetcher;
+use Git::SVN::Ra;
+use Git::SVN::Prompt;
+use Git::SVN::Log;
+use Git::SVN::Migration;
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	fatal
+	can_compress
+	canonicalize_path
+	canonicalize_url
+	join_paths
+	add_path_to_url
+	join_paths
+);
+
+use Git qw(
+	git_cmd_try
+	command
+	command_oneline
+	command_noisy
+	command_output_pipe
+	command_close_pipe
+	command_bidi_pipe
+	command_close_bidi_pipe
+);
+
+BEGIN {
+	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config';
+	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config_bool';
+}
+
+
 # From which subdir have we been invoked?
 my $cmd_dir_prefix = eval {
 	command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --show-prefix/], STDERR => 0)
 } || '';
 
-my $git_dir_user_set = 1 if defined $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= '.git';
-$Git::SVN::default_repo_id = 'svn';
-$Git::SVN::default_ref_id = $ENV{GIT_SVN_ID} || 'git-svn';
 $Git::SVN::Ra::_log_window_size = 100;
-$Git::SVN::_minimize_url = 'unset';
 
 if (! exists $ENV{SVN_SSH} && exists $ENV{GIT_SSH}) {
 	$ENV{SVN_SSH} = $ENV{GIT_SSH};
@@ -35,48 +72,35 @@ $Git::SVN::Log::TZ = $ENV{TZ};
 $ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
 $| = 1; # unbuffer STDOUT
 
-sub fatal (@) { print STDERR "@_\n"; exit 1 }
+# All SVN commands do it.  Otherwise we may die on SIGPIPE when the remote
+# repository decides to close the connection which we expect to be kept alive.
+$SIG{PIPE} = 'IGNORE';
+
+# Given a dot separated version number, "subtract" it from
+# the SVN::Core::VERSION; non-negaitive return means the SVN::Core
+# is at least at the version the caller asked for.
+sub compare_svn_version {
+	my (@ours) = split(/\./, $SVN::Core::VERSION);
+	my (@theirs) = split(/\./, $_[0]);
+	my ($i, $diff);
+
+	for ($i = 0; $i < @ours && $i < @theirs; $i++) {
+		$diff = $ours[$i] - $theirs[$i];
+		return $diff if ($diff);
+	}
+	return 1 if ($i < @ours);
+	return -1 if ($i < @theirs);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 sub _req_svn {
 	require SVN::Core; # use()-ing this causes segfaults for me... *shrug*
 	require SVN::Ra;
 	require SVN::Delta;
-	if ($SVN::Core::VERSION lt '1.1.0') {
+	if (::compare_svn_version('1.1.0') < 0) {
 		fatal "Need SVN::Core 1.1.0 or better (got $SVN::Core::VERSION)";
 	}
 }
-my $can_compress = eval { require Compress::Zlib; 1};
-push @Git::SVN::Ra::ISA, 'SVN::Ra';
-push @SVN::Git::Editor::ISA, 'SVN::Delta::Editor';
-push @SVN::Git::Fetcher::ISA, 'SVN::Delta::Editor';
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use Digest::MD5;
-use IO::File qw//;
-use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
-use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
-use File::Spec;
-use File::Find;
-use Getopt::Long qw/:config gnu_getopt no_ignore_case auto_abbrev/;
-use IPC::Open3;
-use Git;
-use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
-
-BEGIN {
-	# import functions from Git into our packages, en masse
-	no strict 'refs';
-	foreach (qw/command command_oneline command_noisy command_output_pipe
-	            command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
-	            command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe/) {
-		for my $package ( qw(SVN::Git::Editor SVN::Git::Fetcher
-			Git::SVN::Migration Git::SVN::Log Git::SVN),
-			__PACKAGE__) {
-			*{"${package}::$_"} = \&{"Git::$_"};
-		}
-	}
-	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config';
-	Memoize::memoize 'Git::config_bool';
-}
-
-my ($SVN);
 
 $sha1 = qr/[a-f\d]{40}/;
 $sha1_short = qr/[a-f\d]{4,40}/;
@@ -84,16 +108,21 @@ my ($_stdin, $_help, $_edit,
 	$_message, $_file, $_branch_dest,
 	$_template, $_shared,
 	$_version, $_fetch_all, $_no_rebase, $_fetch_parent,
-	$_merge, $_strategy, $_dry_run, $_local,
+	$_before, $_after,
+	$_merge, $_strategy, $_preserve_merges, $_dry_run, $_parents, $_local,
 	$_prefix, $_no_checkout, $_url, $_verbose,
-	$_git_format, $_commit_url, $_tag, $_merge_info, $_interactive);
-$Git::SVN::_follow_parent = 1;
-$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename = ".gitignore";
+	$_commit_url, $_tag, $_merge_info, $_interactive, $_set_svn_props);
+
+# This is a refactoring artifact so Git::SVN can get at this git-svn switch.
+sub opt_prefix { return $_prefix || '' }
+
+$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename = ".gitignore";
 $_q ||= 0;
 my %remote_opts = ( 'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
                     'config-dir=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::config_dir,
                     'no-auth-cache' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache,
-                    'ignore-paths=s' => \$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_ignore_regex,
+                    'ignore-paths=s' => \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_ignore_regex,
+                    'include-paths=s' => \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_include_regex,
                     'ignore-refs=s' => \$Git::SVN::Ra::_ignore_refs_regex );
 my %fc_opts = ( 'follow-parent|follow!' => \$Git::SVN::_follow_parent,
 		'authors-file|A=s' => \$_authors,
@@ -126,10 +155,10 @@ my %init_opts = ( 'template=s' => \$_template, 'shared:s' => \$_shared,
 		  'rewrite-uuid=s' => sub { $icv{rewriteUUID} = $_[1] },
                   %remote_opts );
 my %cmt_opts = ( 'edit|e' => \$_edit,
-		'rmdir' => \$SVN::Git::Editor::_rmdir,
-		'find-copies-harder' => \$SVN::Git::Editor::_find_copies_harder,
-		'l=i' => \$SVN::Git::Editor::_rename_limit,
-		'copy-similarity|C=i'=> \$SVN::Git::Editor::_cp_similarity
+		'rmdir' => \$Git::SVN::Editor::_rmdir,
+		'find-copies-harder' => \$Git::SVN::Editor::_find_copies_harder,
+		'l=i' => \$Git::SVN::Editor::_rename_limit,
+		'copy-similarity|C=i'=> \$Git::SVN::Editor::_cp_similarity
 );
 
 my %cmd = (
@@ -141,9 +170,9 @@ my %cmd = (
 	clone => [ \&cmd_clone, "Initialize and fetch revisions",
 			{ 'revision|r=s' => \$_revision,
 			  'preserve-empty-dirs' =>
-				\$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_preserve_empty_dirs,
+				\$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_preserve_empty_dirs,
 			  'placeholder-filename=s' =>
-				\$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename,
+				\$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename,
 			   %fc_opts, %init_opts } ],
 	init => [ \&cmd_init, "Initialize a repo for tracking" .
 			  " (requires URL argument)",
@@ -160,6 +189,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 			  'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
 			  'fetch-all|all' => \$_fetch_all,
 			  'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url,
+			  'set-svn-props=s' => \$_set_svn_props,
 			  'revision|r=i' => \$_revision,
 			  'no-rebase' => \$_no_rebase,
 			  'mergeinfo=s' => \$_merge_info,
@@ -170,6 +200,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 	            { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 	              'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
 	              'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	              'parents' => \$_parents,
 	              'tag|t' => \$_tag,
 	              'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
 	              'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
@@ -178,6 +209,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 	         { 'message|m=s' => \$_message,
 	           'destination|d=s' => \$_branch_dest,
 	           'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+	           'parents' => \$_parents,
 	           'username=s' => \$Git::SVN::Prompt::_username,
 	           'commit-url=s' => \$_commit_url } ],
 	'set-tree' => [ \&cmd_set_tree,
@@ -193,6 +225,9 @@ my %cmd = (
         'propget' => [ \&cmd_propget,
 		       'Print the value of a property on a file or directory',
 		       { 'revision|r=i' => \$_revision } ],
+        'propset' => [ \&cmd_propset,
+		       'Set the value of a property on a file or directory - will be set on commit',
+		       {} ],
         'proplist' => [ \&cmd_proplist,
 		       'List all properties of a file or directory',
 		       { 'revision|r=i' => \$_revision } ],
@@ -225,7 +260,8 @@ my %cmd = (
 			} ],
 	'find-rev' => [ \&cmd_find_rev,
 	                "Translate between SVN revision numbers and tree-ish",
-			{} ],
+			{ 'B|before' => \$_before,
+			  'A|after' => \$_after } ],
 	'rebase' => [ \&cmd_rebase, "Fetch and rebase your working directory",
 			{ 'merge|m|M' => \$_merge,
 			  'verbose|v' => \$_verbose,
@@ -233,6 +269,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 			  'local|l' => \$_local,
 			  'fetch-all|all' => \$_fetch_all,
 			  'dry-run|n' => \$_dry_run,
+			  'preserve-merges|p' => \$_preserve_merges,
 			  %fc_opts } ],
 	'commit-diff' => [ \&cmd_commit_diff,
 	                   'Commit a diff between two trees',
@@ -246,7 +283,7 @@ my %cmd = (
 		    { 'url' => \$_url, } ],
 	'blame' => [ \&Git::SVN::Log::cmd_blame,
 	            "Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file",
-		    { 'git-format' => \$_git_format } ],
+		    { 'git-format' => \$Git::SVN::Log::_git_format } ],
 	'reset' => [ \&cmd_reset,
 		     "Undo fetches back to the specified SVN revision",
 		     { 'revision|r=s' => \$_revision,
@@ -257,7 +294,6 @@ my %cmd = (
 		{} ],
 );
 
-use Term::ReadLine;
 package FakeTerm;
 sub new {
 	my ($class, $reason) = @_;
@@ -269,13 +305,17 @@ sub readline {
 }
 package main;
 
-my $term = eval {
-	$ENV{"GIT_SVN_NOTTY"}
-		? new Term::ReadLine 'git-svn', \*STDIN, \*STDOUT
-		: new Term::ReadLine 'git-svn';
-};
-if ($@) {
-	$term = new FakeTerm "$@: going non-interactive";
+my $term;
+sub term_init {
+	$term = eval {
+		require Term::ReadLine;
+		$ENV{"GIT_SVN_NOTTY"}
+			? new Term::ReadLine 'git-svn', \*STDIN, \*STDOUT
+			: new Term::ReadLine 'git-svn';
+	};
+	if ($@) {
+		$term = new FakeTerm "$@: going non-interactive";
+	}
 }
 
 my $cmd;
@@ -291,27 +331,26 @@ for (my $i = 0; $i < @ARGV; $i++) {
 };
 
 # make sure we're always running at the top-level working directory
-unless ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
-	unless (-d $ENV{GIT_DIR}) {
-		if ($git_dir_user_set) {
-			die "GIT_DIR=$ENV{GIT_DIR} explicitly set, ",
-			    "but it is not a directory\n";
-		}
-		my $git_dir = delete $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-		my $cdup = undef;
-		git_cmd_try {
-			$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
-			$git_dir = '.' unless ($cdup);
-			chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
-			$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
-		} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
-		chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
-		unless (-d $git_dir) {
-			die "$git_dir still not found after going to ",
-			    "'$cdup'\n";
-		}
-		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
-	}
+if ($cmd && $cmd =~ /(?:clone|init|multi-init)$/) {
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} ||= ".git";
+	# catch the submodule case
+	if (-f $ENV{GIT_DIR}) {
+		open(my $fh, '<', $ENV{GIT_DIR}) or
+			die "failed to open $ENV{GIT_DIR}: $!\n";
+		$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $1 if <$fh> =~ /^gitdir: (.+)$/;
+	}
+} else {
+	my ($git_dir, $cdup);
+	git_cmd_try {
+		$git_dir = command_oneline([qw/rev-parse --git-dir/]);
+	} "Unable to find .git directory\n";
+	git_cmd_try {
+		$cdup = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse --show-cdup/);
+		chomp $cdup if ($cdup);
+		$cdup = "." unless ($cdup && length $cdup);
+	} "Already at toplevel, but $git_dir not found\n";
+	$ENV{GIT_DIR} = $git_dir;
+	chdir $cdup or die "Unable to chdir up to '$cdup'\n";
 	$_repository = Git->repository(Repository => $ENV{GIT_DIR});
 }
 
@@ -344,9 +383,9 @@ Git::SVN::init_vars();
 eval {
 	Git::SVN::verify_remotes_sanity();
 	$cmd{$cmd}->[0]->(@ARGV);
+	post_fetch_checkout();
 };
 fatal $@ if $@;
-post_fetch_checkout();
 exit 0;
 
 ####################### primary functions ######################
@@ -355,7 +394,7 @@ sub usage {
 	my $fd = $exit ? \*STDERR : \*STDOUT;
 	print $fd <<"";
 git-svn - bidirectional operations between a single Subversion tree and git
-Usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
+usage: git svn <command> [options] [arguments]\n
 
 	print $fd "Available commands:\n" unless $cmd;
 
@@ -394,6 +433,7 @@ sub ask {
 	my $default = $arg{default};
 	my $resp;
 	my $i = 0;
+	term_init() unless $term;
 
 	if ( !( defined($term->IN)
             && defined( fileno($term->IN) )
@@ -440,15 +480,18 @@ sub do_git_init_db {
 		command_noisy('config', "$pfx.$i", $icv{$i});
 		$set = $i;
 	}
-	my $ignore_paths_regex = \$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_ignore_regex;
+	my $ignore_paths_regex = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_ignore_regex;
 	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-paths", $$ignore_paths_regex)
 		if defined $$ignore_paths_regex;
+	my $include_paths_regex = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_include_regex;
+	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.include-paths", $$include_paths_regex)
+		if defined $$include_paths_regex;
 	my $ignore_refs_regex = \$Git::SVN::Ra::_ignore_refs_regex;
 	command_noisy('config', "$pfx.ignore-refs", $$ignore_refs_regex)
 		if defined $$ignore_refs_regex;
 
-	if (defined $SVN::Git::Fetcher::_preserve_empty_dirs) {
-		my $fname = \$SVN::Git::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename;
+	if (defined $Git::SVN::Fetcher::_preserve_empty_dirs) {
+		my $fname = \$Git::SVN::Fetcher::_placeholder_filename;
 		command_noisy('config', "$pfx.preserve-empty-dirs", 'true');
 		command_noisy('config', "$pfx.placeholder-filename", $$fname);
 	}
@@ -507,7 +550,7 @@ sub cmd_fetch {
 	}
 	my ($remote) = @_;
 	if (@_ > 1) {
-		die "Usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
+		die "usage: $0 fetch [--all] [--parent] [svn-remote]\n";
 	}
 	$Git::SVN::no_reuse_existing = undef;
 	if ($_fetch_parent) {
@@ -642,12 +685,14 @@ sub merge_revs_into_hash {
 }
 
 sub merge_merge_info {
-	my ($mergeinfo_one, $mergeinfo_two) = @_;
+	my ($mergeinfo_one, $mergeinfo_two, $ignore_branch) = @_;
 	my %result_hash = ();
 
 	merge_revs_into_hash(\%result_hash, $mergeinfo_one);
 	merge_revs_into_hash(\%result_hash, $mergeinfo_two);
 
+	delete $result_hash{$ignore_branch} if $ignore_branch;
+
 	my $result = '';
 	# Sort below is for consistency's sake
 	for my $branchname (sort keys(%result_hash)) {
@@ -668,6 +713,7 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 		my $all_parents_ok = 1;
 		my $aggregate_mergeinfo = '';
 		my $rooturl = $gs->repos_root;
+		my ($target_branch) = $gs->full_pushurl =~ /^\Q$rooturl\E(.*)/;
 
 		if (defined($rewritten_parent)) {
 			# Replace first parent with newly-rewritten version
@@ -699,7 +745,8 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 			# Merge previous mergeinfo values
 			$aggregate_mergeinfo =
 				merge_merge_info($aggregate_mergeinfo,
-								 $par_mergeinfo, 0);
+								$par_mergeinfo,
+								$target_branch);
 
 			next if $parent eq $parents[0]; # Skip first parent
 			# Add new changes being placed in tree by merge
@@ -742,7 +789,8 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 			my $newmergeinfo = "$branchpath:" . join(',', @revsin);
 			$aggregate_mergeinfo =
 				merge_merge_info($aggregate_mergeinfo,
-								 $newmergeinfo, 1);
+								$newmergeinfo,
+								$target_branch);
 		}
 		if ($all_parents_ok and $aggregate_mergeinfo) {
 			return $aggregate_mergeinfo;
@@ -752,10 +800,48 @@ sub populate_merge_info {
 	return undef;
 }
 
+sub dcommit_rebase {
+	my ($is_last, $current, $fetched_ref, $svn_error) = @_;
+	my @diff;
+
+	if ($svn_error) {
+		print STDERR "\nERROR from SVN:\n",
+				$svn_error->expanded_message, "\n";
+	}
+	unless ($_no_rebase) {
+		# we always want to rebase against the current HEAD,
+		# not any head that was passed to us
+		@diff = command('diff-tree', $current,
+	                   $fetched_ref, '--');
+		my @finish;
+		if (@diff) {
+			@finish = rebase_cmd();
+			print STDERR "W: $current and ", $fetched_ref,
+			             " differ, using @finish:\n",
+			             join("\n", @diff), "\n";
+		} elsif ($is_last) {
+			print "No changes between ", $current, " and ",
+			      $fetched_ref,
+			      "\nResetting to the latest ",
+			      $fetched_ref, "\n";
+			@finish = qw/reset --mixed/;
+		}
+		command_noisy(@finish, $fetched_ref) if @finish;
+	}
+	if ($svn_error) {
+		die "ERROR: Not all changes have been committed into SVN"
+			.($_no_rebase ? ".\n" : ", however the committed\n"
+			."ones (if any) seem to be successfully integrated "
+			."into the working tree.\n")
+			."Please see the above messages for details.\n";
+	}
+	return @diff;
+}
+
 sub cmd_dcommit {
 	my $head = shift;
 	command_noisy(qw/update-index --refresh/);
-	git_cmd_try { command_oneline(qw/diff-index --quiet HEAD/) }
+	git_cmd_try { command_oneline(qw/diff-index --quiet HEAD --/) }
 		'Cannot dcommit with a dirty index.  Commit your changes first, '
 		. "or stash them with `git stash'.\n";
 	$head ||= 'HEAD';
@@ -879,6 +965,7 @@ sub cmd_dcommit {
 	}
 
 	my $rewritten_parent;
+	my $current_head = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse HEAD/);
 	Git::SVN::remove_username($expect_url);
 	if (defined($_merge_info)) {
 		$_merge_info =~ tr{ }{\n};
@@ -918,38 +1005,34 @@ sub cmd_dcommit {
 			                },
 					mergeinfo => $_merge_info,
 			                svn_path => '');
-			if (!SVN::Git::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
+
+			my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
+			$SVN::Error::handler = sub {
+				my $err = shift;
+				dcommit_rebase(1, $current_head, $gs->refname,
+					$err);
+			};
+
+			if (!Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
 				print "No changes\n$d~1 == $d\n";
 			} elsif ($parents->{$d} && @{$parents->{$d}}) {
 				$gs->{inject_parents_dcommit}->{$cmt_rev} =
 				                               $parents->{$d};
 			}
 			$_fetch_all ? $gs->fetch_all : $gs->fetch;
+			$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
 			$last_rev = $cmt_rev;
 			next if $_no_rebase;
 
-			# we always want to rebase against the current HEAD,
-			# not any head that was passed to us
-			my @diff = command('diff-tree', $d,
-			                   $gs->refname, '--');
-			my @finish;
-			if (@diff) {
-				@finish = rebase_cmd();
-				print STDERR "W: $d and ", $gs->refname,
-				             " differ, using @finish:\n",
-				             join("\n", @diff), "\n";
-			} else {
-				print "No changes between current HEAD and ",
-				      $gs->refname,
-				      "\nResetting to the latest ",
-				      $gs->refname, "\n";
-				@finish = qw/reset --mixed/;
-			}
-			command_noisy(@finish, $gs->refname);
+			my @diff = dcommit_rebase(@$linear_refs == 0, $d,
+						$gs->refname, undef);
 
-			$rewritten_parent = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse HEAD/);
+			$rewritten_parent = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse/,
+							$gs->refname);
 
 			if (@diff) {
+				$current_head = command_oneline(qw/rev-parse
+								HEAD/);
 				@refs = ();
 				my ($url_, $rev_, $uuid_, $gs_) =
 				              working_head_info('HEAD', \@refs);
@@ -994,6 +1077,7 @@ sub cmd_dcommit {
 				}
 				$parents = \%p;
 				$linear_refs = \@l;
+				undef $last_rev;
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1042,8 +1126,7 @@ sub cmd_branch {
 		            " with the --destination argument.\n";
 		}
 		foreach my $g (@{$allglobs}) {
-			# SVN::Git::Editor could probably be moved to Git.pm..
-			my $re = SVN::Git::Editor::glob2pat($g->{path}->{left});
+			my $re = Git::SVN::Editor::glob2pat($g->{path}->{left});
 			if ($_branch_dest =~ /$re/) {
 				$glob = $g;
 				last;
@@ -1086,9 +1169,12 @@ sub cmd_branch {
 	}
 
 	::_req_svn();
+	require SVN::Client;
 
 	my $ctx = SVN::Client->new(
-		auth    => Git::SVN::Ra::_auth_providers(),
+		config => SVN::Core::config_get_config(
+			$Git::SVN::Ra::config_dir
+		),
 		log_msg => sub {
 			${ $_[0] } = defined $_message
 				? $_message
@@ -1101,6 +1187,10 @@ sub cmd_branch {
 		$ctx->ls($dst, 'HEAD', 0);
 	} and die "branch ${branch_name} already exists\n";
 
+	if ($_parents) {
+		mk_parent_dirs($ctx, $dst);
+	}
+
 	print "Copying ${src} at r${rev} to ${dst}...\n";
 	$ctx->copy($src, $rev, $dst)
 		unless $_dry_run;
@@ -1108,6 +1198,17 @@ sub cmd_branch {
 	$gs->fetch_all;
 }
 
+sub mk_parent_dirs {
+	my ($ctx, $parent) = @_;
+	$parent =~ s{/[^/]*$}{};
+
+	if (!eval{$ctx->ls($parent, 'HEAD', 0)}) {
+		mk_parent_dirs($ctx, $parent);
+		print "Creating parent folder ${parent} ...\n";
+		$ctx->mkdir($parent) unless $_dry_run;
+	}
+}
+
 sub cmd_find_rev {
 	my $revision_or_hash = shift or die "SVN or git revision required ",
 	                                    "as a command-line argument\n";
@@ -1122,7 +1223,13 @@ sub cmd_find_rev {
 			    "$head history\n";
 		}
 		my $desired_revision = substr($revision_or_hash, 1);
-		$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+		if ($_before) {
+			$result = $gs->find_rev_before($desired_revision, 1);
+		} elsif ($_after) {
+			$result = $gs->find_rev_after($desired_revision, 1);
+		} else {
+			$result = $gs->rev_map_get($desired_revision, $uuid);
+		}
 	} else {
 		my (undef, $rev, undef) = cmt_metadata($revision_or_hash);
 		$result = $rev;
@@ -1152,7 +1259,7 @@ sub cmd_rebase {
 		return;
 	}
 	if (command(qw/diff-index HEAD --/)) {
-		print STDERR "Cannot rebase with uncommited changes:\n";
+		print STDERR "Cannot rebase with uncommitted changes:\n";
 		command_noisy('status');
 		exit 1;
 	}
@@ -1171,7 +1278,7 @@ sub cmd_show_ignore {
 	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
 	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
 	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
-	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->path, $r, sub {
 		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
 		print STDOUT "\n# $path\n";
 		my $s = $props->{'svn:ignore'} or return;
@@ -1187,7 +1294,7 @@ sub cmd_show_externals {
 	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
 	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
 	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
-	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->path, $r, sub {
 		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
 		print STDOUT "\n# $path\n";
 		my $s = $props->{'svn:externals'} or return;
@@ -1202,7 +1309,7 @@ sub cmd_create_ignore {
 	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = working_head_info('HEAD');
 	$gs ||= Git::SVN->new;
 	my $r = (defined $_revision ? $_revision : $gs->ra->get_latest_revnum);
-	$gs->prop_walk($gs->{path}, $r, sub {
+	$gs->prop_walk($gs->path, $r, sub {
 		my ($gs, $path, $props) = @_;
 		# $path is of the form /path/to/dir/
 		$path = '.' . $path;
@@ -1232,31 +1339,6 @@ sub cmd_mkdirs {
 	$gs->mkemptydirs($_revision);
 }
 
-sub canonicalize_path {
-	my ($path) = @_;
-	my $dot_slash_added = 0;
-	if (substr($path, 0, 1) ne "/") {
-		$path = "./" . $path;
-		$dot_slash_added = 1;
-	}
-	# File::Spec->canonpath doesn't collapse x/../y into y (for a
-	# good reason), so let's do this manually.
-	$path =~ s#/+#/#g;
-	$path =~ s#/\.(?:/|$)#/#g;
-	$path =~ s#/[^/]+/\.\.##g;
-	$path =~ s#/$##g;
-	$path =~ s#^\./## if $dot_slash_added;
-	$path =~ s#^/##;
-	$path =~ s#^\.$##;
-	return $path;
-}
-
-sub canonicalize_url {
-	my ($url) = @_;
-	$url =~ s#^([^:]+://[^/]*/)(.*)$#$1 . canonicalize_path($2)#e;
-	return $url;
-}
-
 # get_svnprops(PATH)
 # ------------------
 # Helper for cmd_propget and cmd_proplist below.
@@ -1270,7 +1352,7 @@ sub get_svnprops {
 	$path = $cmd_dir_prefix . $path;
 	fatal("No such file or directory: $path") unless -e $path;
 	my $is_dir = -d $path ? 1 : 0;
-	$path = $gs->{path} . '/' . $path;
+	$path = join_paths($gs->path, $path);
 
 	# canonicalize the path (otherwise libsvn will abort or fail to
 	# find the file)
@@ -1301,6 +1383,49 @@ sub cmd_propget {
 	print $props->{$prop} . "\n";
 }
 
+# cmd_propset (PROPNAME, PROPVAL, PATH)
+# ------------------------
+# Adjust the SVN property PROPNAME to PROPVAL for PATH.
+sub cmd_propset {
+	my ($propname, $propval, $path) = @_;
+	$path = '.' if not defined $path;
+	$path = $cmd_dir_prefix . $path;
+	usage(1) if not defined $propname;
+	usage(1) if not defined $propval;
+	my $file = basename($path);
+	my $dn = dirname($path);
+	my $cur_props = Git::SVN::Editor::check_attr( "svn-properties", $path );
+	my @new_props;
+	if (!$cur_props || $cur_props eq "unset" || $cur_props eq "" || $cur_props eq "set") {
+		push @new_props, "$propname=$propval";
+	} else {
+		# TODO: handle combining properties better
+		my @props = split(/;/, $cur_props);
+		my $replaced_prop;
+		foreach my $prop (@props) {
+			# Parse 'name=value' syntax and set the property.
+			if ($prop =~ /([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
+				my ($n,$v) = ($1,$2);
+				if ($n eq $propname) {
+					$v = $propval;
+					$replaced_prop = 1;
+				}
+				push @new_props, "$n=$v";
+			}
+		}
+		if (!$replaced_prop) {
+			push @new_props, "$propname=$propval";
+		}
+	}
+	my $attrfile = "$dn/.gitattributes";
+	open my $attrfh, '>>', $attrfile or die "Can't open $attrfile: $!\n";
+	# TODO: don't simply append here if $file already has svn-properties
+	my $new_props = join(';', @new_props);
+	print $attrfh "$file svn-properties=$new_props\n" or
+		die "write to $attrfile: $!\n";
+	close $attrfh or die "close $attrfile: $!\n";
+}
+
 # cmd_proplist (PATH)
 # -------------------
 # Print the list of SVN properties for PATH.
@@ -1320,7 +1445,7 @@ sub cmd_multi_init {
 		usage(1);
 	}
 
-	$_prefix = '' unless defined $_prefix;
+	$_prefix = 'origin/' unless defined $_prefix;
 	if (defined $url) {
 		$url = canonicalize_url($url);
 		init_subdir(@_);
@@ -1361,7 +1486,7 @@ sub cmd_multi_fetch {
 # this command is special because it requires no metadata
 sub cmd_commit_diff {
 	my ($ta, $tb, $url) = @_;
-	my $usage = "Usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
+	my $usage = "usage: $0 commit-diff -r<revision> ".
 	            "<tree-ish> <tree-ish> [<URL>]";
 	fatal($usage) if (!defined $ta || !defined $tb);
 	my $svn_path = '';
@@ -1371,8 +1496,8 @@ sub cmd_commit_diff {
 			fatal("Needed URL or usable git-svn --id in ",
 			      "the command-line\n", $usage);
 		}
-		$url = $gs->{url};
-		$svn_path = $gs->{path};
+		$url = $gs->url;
+		$svn_path = $gs->path;
 	}
 	unless (defined $_revision) {
 		fatal("-r|--revision is a required argument\n", $usage);
@@ -1401,33 +1526,42 @@ sub cmd_commit_diff {
 	                tree_b => $tb,
 	                editor_cb => sub { print "Committed r$_[0]\n" },
 	                svn_path => $svn_path );
-	if (!SVN::Git::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
+	if (!Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
 		print "No changes\n$ta == $tb\n";
 	}
 }
 
-sub escape_uri_only {
-	my ($uri) = @_;
-	my @tmp;
-	foreach (split m{/}, $uri) {
-		s/([^~\w.%+-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
-		push @tmp, $_;
-	}
-	join('/', @tmp);
-}
+sub cmd_info {
+	my $path_arg = defined($_[0]) ? $_[0] : '.';
+	my $path = $path_arg;
+	if (File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($path)) {
+		$path = canonicalize_path($path);
+
+		my $toplevel = eval {
+			my @cmd = qw/rev-parse --show-toplevel/;
+			command_oneline(\@cmd, STDERR => 0);
+		};
 
-sub escape_url {
-	my ($url) = @_;
-	if ($url =~ m#^([^:]+)://([^/]*)(.*)$#) {
-		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, escape_uri_only($3));
-		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
+		# remove $toplevel from the absolute path:
+		my ($vol, $dirs, $file) = File::Spec->splitpath($path);
+		my (undef, $tdirs, $tfile) = File::Spec->splitpath($toplevel);
+		my @dirs = File::Spec->splitdir($dirs);
+		my @tdirs = File::Spec->splitdir($tdirs);
+		pop @dirs if $dirs[-1] eq '';
+		pop @tdirs if $tdirs[-1] eq '';
+		push @dirs, $file;
+		push @tdirs, $tfile;
+		while (@tdirs && @dirs && $tdirs[0] eq $dirs[0]) {
+			shift @dirs;
+			shift @tdirs;
+		}
+		$dirs = File::Spec->catdir(@dirs);
+		$path = File::Spec->catpath($vol, $dirs);
+
+		$path = canonicalize_path($path);
+	} else {
+		$path = canonicalize_path($cmd_dir_prefix . $path);
 	}
-	$url;
-}
-
-sub cmd_info {
-	my $path = canonicalize_path(defined($_[0]) ? $_[0] : ".");
-	my $fullpath = canonicalize_path($cmd_dir_prefix . $path);
 	if (exists $_[1]) {
 		die "Too many arguments specified\n";
 	}
@@ -1448,28 +1582,28 @@ sub cmd_info {
 	# canonicalize_path() will return "" to make libsvn 1.5.x happy,
 	$path = "." if $path eq "";
 
-	my $full_url = $url . ($fullpath eq "" ? "" : "/$fullpath");
+	my $full_url = canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $url, $path ) );
 
 	if ($_url) {
-		print escape_url($full_url), "\n";
+		print "$full_url\n";
 		return;
 	}
 
-	my $result = "Path: $path\n";
+	my $result = "Path: $path_arg\n";
 	$result .= "Name: " . basename($path) . "\n" if $file_type ne "dir";
-	$result .= "URL: " . escape_url($full_url) . "\n";
+	$result .= "URL: $full_url\n";
 
 	eval {
 		my $repos_root = $gs->repos_root;
 		Git::SVN::remove_username($repos_root);
-		$result .= "Repository Root: " . escape_url($repos_root) . "\n";
+		$result .= "Repository Root: " . canonicalize_url($repos_root) . "\n";
 	};
 	if ($@) {
 		$result .= "Repository Root: (offline)\n";
 	}
 	::_req_svn();
 	$result .= "Repository UUID: $uuid\n" unless $diff_status eq "A" &&
-		($SVN::Core::VERSION le '1.5.4' || $file_type ne "dir");
+		(::compare_svn_version('1.5.4') <= 0 || $file_type ne "dir");
 	$result .= "Revision: " . ($diff_status eq "A" ? 0 : $rev) . "\n";
 
 	$result .= "Node Kind: " .
@@ -1486,7 +1620,7 @@ sub cmd_info {
 	}
 
 	my ($lc_author, $lc_rev, $lc_date_utc);
-	my @args = Git::SVN::Log::git_svn_log_cmd($rev, $rev, "--", $fullpath);
+	my @args = Git::SVN::Log::git_svn_log_cmd($rev, $rev, "--", $path);
 	my $log = command_output_pipe(@args);
 	my $esc_color = qr/(?:\033\[(?:(?:\d+;)*\d*)?m)*/;
 	while (<$log>) {
@@ -1556,11 +1690,13 @@ sub cmd_reset {
 }
 
 sub cmd_gc {
-	if (!$can_compress) {
+	require File::Find;
+	if (!can_compress()) {
 		warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; unhandled.log " .
 		     "files will not be compressed.\n";
 	}
-	find({ wanted => \&gc_directory, no_chdir => 1}, "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
+	File::Find::find({ wanted => \&gc_directory, no_chdir => 1},
+			 "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
 }
 
 ########################### utility functions #########################
@@ -1570,13 +1706,14 @@ sub rebase_cmd {
 	push @cmd, '-v' if $_verbose;
 	push @cmd, qw/--merge/ if $_merge;
 	push @cmd, "--strategy=$_strategy" if $_strategy;
+	push @cmd, "--preserve-merges" if $_preserve_merges;
 	@cmd;
 }
 
 sub post_fetch_checkout {
 	return if $_no_checkout;
+	return if verify_ref('HEAD^0');
 	my $gs = $Git::SVN::_head or return;
-	return if verify_ref('refs/heads/master^0');
 
 	# look for "trunk" ref if it exists
 	my $remote = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes()->{$gs->{repo_id}};
@@ -1589,9 +1726,8 @@ sub post_fetch_checkout {
 		}
 	}
 
-	my $valid_head = verify_ref('HEAD^0');
-	command_noisy(qw(update-ref refs/heads/master), $gs->refname);
-	return if ($valid_head || !verify_ref('HEAD^0'));
+	command_noisy(qw(update-ref HEAD), $gs->refname);
+	return unless verify_ref('HEAD^0');
 
 	return if $ENV{GIT_DIR} !~ m#^(?:.*/)?\.git$#;
 	my $index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/index";
@@ -1609,7 +1745,9 @@ sub post_fetch_checkout {
 
 sub complete_svn_url {
 	my ($url, $path) = @_;
-	$path =~ s#/+$##;
+	$path = canonicalize_path($path);
+
+	# If the path is not a URL...
 	if ($path !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
 		if (!defined $url || $url !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
 			fatal("E: '$path' is not a complete URL ",
@@ -1626,7 +1764,7 @@ sub complete_url_ls_init {
 		print STDERR "W: $switch not specified\n";
 		return;
 	}
-	$repo_path =~ s#/+$##;
+	$repo_path = canonicalize_path($repo_path);
 	if ($repo_path =~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
 		$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($repo_path);
 		$repo_path = '';
@@ -1637,18 +1775,18 @@ sub complete_url_ls_init {
 			      "and a separate URL is not specified");
 		}
 	}
-	my $url = $ra->{url};
+	my $url = $ra->url;
 	my $gs = Git::SVN->init($url, undef, undef, undef, 1);
 	my $k = "svn-remote.$gs->{repo_id}.url";
 	my $orig_url = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-	if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $gs->{url})) {
+	if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $gs->url)) {
 		die "$k already set: $orig_url\n",
-		    "wanted to set to: $gs->{url}\n";
+		    "wanted to set to: $gs->url\n";
 	}
-	command_oneline('config', $k, $gs->{url}) unless $orig_url;
-	my $remote_path = "$gs->{path}/$repo_path";
+	command_oneline('config', $k, $gs->url) unless $orig_url;
+
+	my $remote_path = join_paths( $gs->path, $repo_path );
 	$remote_path =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
-	$remote_path =~ s#/+#/#g;
 	$remote_path =~ s#^/##g;
 	$remote_path .= "/*" if $remote_path !~ /\*/;
 	my ($n) = ($switch =~ /^--(\w+)/);
@@ -1706,7 +1844,7 @@ sub get_commit_entry {
 		my $msgbuf = "";
 		while (<$msg_fh>) {
 			if (!$in_msg) {
-				$in_msg = 1 if (/^\s*$/);
+				$in_msg = 1 if (/^$/);
 				$author = $1 if (/^author (.*>)/);
 			} elsif (/^git-svn-id: /) {
 				# skip this for now, we regenerate the
@@ -1879,7 +2017,7 @@ sub cmt_sha2rev_batch {
 sub working_head_info {
 	my ($head, $refs) = @_;
 	my @args = qw/rev-list --first-parent --pretty=medium/;
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@args, $head);
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@args, $head, "--");
 	my $hash;
 	my %max;
 	while (<$fh>) {
@@ -1983,6 +2121,7 @@ sub find_file_type_and_diff_status {
 sub md5sum {
 	my $arg = shift;
 	my $ref = ref $arg;
+	require Digest::MD5;
 	my $md5 = Digest::MD5->new();
         if ($ref eq 'GLOB' || $ref eq 'IO::File' || $ref eq 'File::Temp') {
 		$md5->addfile($arg) or croak $!;
@@ -1991,13 +2130,13 @@ sub md5sum {
 	} elsif (!$ref) {
 		$md5->add($arg) or croak $!;
 	} else {
-		::fatal "Can't provide MD5 hash for unknown ref type: '", $ref, "'";
+		fatal "Can't provide MD5 hash for unknown ref type: '", $ref, "'";
 	}
 	return $md5->hexdigest();
 }
 
 sub gc_directory {
-	if ($can_compress && -f $_ && basename($_) eq "unhandled.log") {
+	if (can_compress() && -f $_ && basename($_) eq "unhandled.log") {
 		my $out_filename = $_ . ".gz";
 		open my $in_fh, "<", $_ or die "Unable to open $_: $!\n";
 		binmode $in_fh;
@@ -2009,4725 +2148,13 @@ sub gc_directory {
 			$gz->gzwrite($str) or
 				die "Unable to write: ".$gz->gzerror()."!\n";
 		}
+		no warnings 'once'; # $File::Find::name would warn
 		unlink $_ or die "unlink $File::Find::name: $!\n";
 	} elsif (-f $_ && basename($_) eq "index") {
 		unlink $_ or die "unlink $_: $!\n";
 	}
 }
 
-package Git::SVN;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Fcntl qw/:DEFAULT :seek/;
-use constant rev_map_fmt => 'NH40';
-use vars qw/$default_repo_id $default_ref_id $_no_metadata $_follow_parent
-            $_repack $_repack_flags $_use_svm_props $_head
-            $_use_svnsync_props $no_reuse_existing $_minimize_url
-	    $_use_log_author $_add_author_from $_localtime/;
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
-use File::Copy qw/copy/;
-use IPC::Open3;
-use Time::Local;
-use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
-use Memoize::Storable;
-
-my ($_gc_nr, $_gc_period);
-
-# properties that we do not log:
-my %SKIP_PROP;
-BEGIN {
-	%SKIP_PROP = map { $_ => 1 } qw/svn:wc:ra_dav:version-url
-	                                svn:special svn:executable
-	                                svn:entry:committed-rev
-	                                svn:entry:last-author
-	                                svn:entry:uuid
-	                                svn:entry:committed-date/;
-
-	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
-	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
-	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
-	no strict 'refs';
-	for my $option (qw/follow_parent no_metadata use_svm_props
-			   use_svnsync_props/) {
-		my $key = $option;
-		$key =~ tr/_//d;
-		my $prop = "-$option";
-		*$option = sub {
-			my ($self) = @_;
-			return $self->{$prop} if exists $self->{$prop};
-			my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.$key";
-			eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-			if ($@) {
-				$self->{$prop} = ${"Git::SVN::_$option"};
-			} else {
-				my $v = command_oneline(qw/config --bool/,$k);
-				$self->{$prop} = $v eq 'false' ? 0 : 1;
-			}
-			return $self->{$prop};
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-
-my (%LOCKFILES, %INDEX_FILES);
-END {
-	unlink keys %LOCKFILES if %LOCKFILES;
-	unlink keys %INDEX_FILES if %INDEX_FILES;
-}
-
-sub resolve_local_globs {
-	my ($url, $fetch, $glob_spec) = @_;
-	return unless defined $glob_spec;
-	my $ref = $glob_spec->{ref};
-	my $path = $glob_spec->{path};
-	foreach (command(qw#for-each-ref --format=%(refname) refs/#)) {
-		next unless m#^$ref->{regex}$#;
-		my $p = $1;
-		my $pathname = desanitize_refname($path->full_path($p));
-		my $refname = desanitize_refname($ref->full_path($p));
-		if (my $existing = $fetch->{$pathname}) {
-			if ($existing ne $refname) {
-				die "Refspec conflict:\n",
-				    "existing: $existing\n",
-				    " globbed: $refname\n";
-			}
-			my $u = (::cmt_metadata("$refname"))[0];
-			$u =~ s!^\Q$url\E(/|$)!! or die
-			  "$refname: '$url' not found in '$u'\n";
-			if ($pathname ne $u) {
-				warn "W: Refspec glob conflict ",
-				     "(ref: $refname):\n",
-				     "expected path: $pathname\n",
-				     "    real path: $u\n",
-				     "Continuing ahead with $u\n";
-				next;
-			}
-		} else {
-			$fetch->{$pathname} = $refname;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub parse_revision_argument {
-	my ($base, $head) = @_;
-	if (!defined $::_revision || $::_revision eq 'BASE:HEAD') {
-		return ($base, $head);
-	}
-	return ($1, $2) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/);
-	return ($::_revision, $::_revision) if ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/);
-	return ($head, $head) if ($::_revision eq 'HEAD');
-	return ($base, $1) if ($::_revision =~ /^BASE:(\d+)$/);
-	return ($1, $head) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):HEAD$/);
-	die "revision argument: $::_revision not understood by git-svn\n";
-}
-
-sub fetch_all {
-	my ($repo_id, $remotes) = @_;
-	if (ref $repo_id) {
-		my $gs = $repo_id;
-		$repo_id = undef;
-		$repo_id = $gs->{repo_id};
-	}
-	$remotes ||= read_all_remotes();
-	my $remote = $remotes->{$repo_id} or
-	             die "[svn-remote \"$repo_id\"] unknown\n";
-	my $fetch = $remote->{fetch};
-	my $url = $remote->{url} or die "svn-remote.$repo_id.url not defined\n";
-	my (@gs, @globs);
-	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
-	my $uuid = $ra->get_uuid;
-	my $head = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
-
-	# ignore errors, $head revision may not even exist anymore
-	eval { $ra->get_log("", $head, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub { $head = $_[1] }) };
-	warn "W: $@\n" if $@;
-
-	my $base = defined $fetch ? $head : 0;
-
-	# read the max revs for wildcard expansion (branches/*, tags/*)
-	foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
-		defined $remote->{$t} or next;
-		push @globs, @{$remote->{$t}};
-
-		my $max_rev = eval { tmp_config(qw/--int --get/,
-		                         "svn-remote.$repo_id.${t}-maxRev") };
-		if (defined $max_rev && ($max_rev < $base)) {
-			$base = $max_rev;
-		} elsif (!defined $max_rev) {
-			$base = 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ($fetch) {
-		foreach my $p (sort keys %$fetch) {
-			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$p}, $repo_id, $p);
-			my $lr = $gs->rev_map_max;
-			if (defined $lr) {
-				$base = $lr if ($lr < $base);
-			}
-			push @gs, $gs;
-		}
-	}
-
-	($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument($base, $head);
-	$ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, \@gs, \@globs);
-}
-
-sub read_all_remotes {
-	my $r = {};
-	my $use_svm_props = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --bool
-	    svn.useSvmProps/) };
-	$use_svm_props = $use_svm_props eq 'true' if $use_svm_props;
-	my $svn_refspec = qr{\s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*};
-	foreach (grep { s/^svn-remote\.// } command(qw/config -l/)) {
-		if (m!^(.+)\.fetch=$svn_refspec$!) {
-			my ($remote, $local_ref, $remote_ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
-			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' "
-			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
-				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
-			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
-			$r->{$remote}->{fetch}->{$local_ref} = $remote_ref;
-			$r->{$remote}->{svm} = {} if $use_svm_props;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.usesvmprops=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{svm} = {};
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.url=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{url} = $2;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.pushurl=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{pushurl} = $2;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.ignore-refs=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
-			$r->{$1}->{ignore_refs_regex} = $2;
-		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.(branches|tags)=$svn_refspec$!) {
-			my ($remote, $t, $local_ref, $remote_ref) =
-			                                     ($1, $2, $3, $4);
-			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' ($t) "
-			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
-				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
-			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
-			my $rs = {
-			    t => $t,
-			    remote => $remote,
-			    path => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($local_ref, 1),
-			    ref => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($remote_ref, 0) };
-			if (length($rs->{ref}->{right}) != 0) {
-				die "The '*' glob character must be the last ",
-				    "character of '$remote_ref'\n";
-			}
-			push @{ $r->{$remote}->{$t} }, $rs;
-		}
-	}
-
-	map {
-		if (defined $r->{$_}->{svm}) {
-			my $svm;
-			eval {
-				my $section = "svn-remote.$_";
-				$svm = {
-					source => tmp_config('--get',
-					    "$section.svm-source"),
-					replace => tmp_config('--get',
-					    "$section.svm-replace"),
-				}
-			};
-			$r->{$_}->{svm} = $svm;
-		}
-	} keys %$r;
-
-	foreach my $remote (keys %$r) {
-		foreach ( grep { defined $_ }
-			  map { $r->{$remote}->{$_} } qw(branches tags) ) {
-			foreach my $rs ( @$_ ) {
-				$rs->{ignore_refs_regex} =
-				    $r->{$remote}->{ignore_refs_regex};
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	$r;
-}
-
-sub init_vars {
-	$_gc_nr = $_gc_period = 1000;
-	if (defined $_repack || defined $_repack_flags) {
-	       warn "Repack options are obsolete; they have no effect.\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub verify_remotes_sanity {
-	return unless -d $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-	my %seen;
-	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
-		if (m!^svn-remote\.(?:.+)\.fetch=.*:refs/remotes/(\S+)\s*$!) {
-			if ($seen{$1}) {
-				die "Remote ref refs/remote/$1 is tracked by",
-				    "\n  \"$_\"\nand\n  \"$seen{$1}\"\n",
-				    "Please resolve this ambiguity in ",
-				    "your git configuration file before ",
-				    "continuing\n";
-			}
-			$seen{$1} = $_;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub find_existing_remote {
-	my ($url, $remotes) = @_;
-	return undef if $no_reuse_existing;
-	my $existing;
-	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
-		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
-		next if $u ne $url;
-		$existing = $repo_id;
-		last;
-	}
-	$existing;
-}
-
-sub init_remote_config {
-	my ($self, $url, $no_write) = @_;
-	$url =~ s!/+$!!; # strip trailing slash
-	my $r = read_all_remotes();
-	my $existing = find_existing_remote($url, $r);
-	if ($existing) {
-		unless ($no_write) {
-			print STDERR "Using existing ",
-				     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
-		}
-		$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
-	} elsif ($_minimize_url) {
-		my $min_url = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url)->minimize_url;
-		$existing = find_existing_remote($min_url, $r);
-		if ($existing) {
-			unless ($no_write) {
-				print STDERR "Using existing ",
-					     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
-			}
-			$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
-		}
-		if ($min_url ne $url) {
-			unless ($no_write) {
-				print STDERR "Using higher level of URL: ",
-					     "$url => $min_url\n";
-			}
-			my $old_path = $self->{path};
-			$self->{path} = $url;
-			$self->{path} =~ s!^\Q$min_url\E(/|$)!!;
-			if (length $old_path) {
-				$self->{path} .= "/$old_path";
-			}
-			$url = $min_url;
-		}
-	}
-	my $orig_url;
-	if (!$existing) {
-		# verify that we aren't overwriting anything:
-		$orig_url = eval {
-			command_oneline('config', '--get',
-					"svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url")
-		};
-		if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $url)) {
-			die "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url already set: ",
-			    "$orig_url\nwanted to set to: $url\n";
-		}
-	}
-	my ($xrepo_id, $xpath) = find_ref($self->refname);
-	if (!$no_write && defined $xpath) {
-		die "svn-remote.$xrepo_id.fetch already set to track ",
-		    "$xpath:", $self->refname, "\n";
-	}
-	unless ($no_write) {
-		command_noisy('config',
-			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url", $url);
-		$self->{path} =~ s{^/}{};
-		$self->{path} =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
-		command_noisy('config', '--add',
-			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.fetch",
-			      "$self->{path}:".$self->refname);
-	}
-	$self->{url} = $url;
-}
-
-sub find_by_url { # repos_root and, path are optional
-	my ($class, $full_url, $repos_root, $path) = @_;
-
-	return undef unless defined $full_url;
-	remove_username($full_url);
-	remove_username($repos_root) if defined $repos_root;
-	my $remotes = read_all_remotes();
-	if (defined $full_url && defined $repos_root && !defined $path) {
-		$path = $full_url;
-		$path =~ s#^\Q$repos_root\E(?:/|$)##;
-	}
-	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
-		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
-		remove_username($u);
-		next if defined $repos_root && $repos_root ne $u;
-
-		my $fetch = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{fetch} || {};
-		foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
-			foreach my $globspec (@{$remotes->{$repo_id}->{$t}}) {
-				resolve_local_globs($u, $fetch, $globspec);
-			}
-		}
-		my $p = $path;
-		my $rwr = rewrite_root({repo_id => $repo_id});
-		my $svm = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm}
-			if defined $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm};
-		unless (defined $p) {
-			$p = $full_url;
-			my $z = $u;
-			my $prefix = '';
-			if ($rwr) {
-				$z = $rwr;
-				remove_username($z);
-			} elsif (defined $svm) {
-				$z = $svm->{source};
-				$prefix = $svm->{replace};
-				$prefix =~ s#^\Q$u\E(?:/|$)##;
-				$prefix =~ s#/$##;
-			}
-			$p =~ s#^\Q$z\E(?:/|$)#$prefix# or next;
-		}
-		foreach my $f (keys %$fetch) {
-			next if $f ne $p;
-			return Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$f}, $repo_id, $f);
-		}
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub init {
-	my ($class, $url, $path, $repo_id, $ref_id, $no_write) = @_;
-	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
-	if (defined $url) {
-		$self->init_remote_config($url, $no_write);
-	}
-	$self;
-}
-
-sub find_ref {
-	my ($ref_id) = @_;
-	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
-		next unless m!^svn-remote\.(.+)\.fetch=
-		              \s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$!x;
-		my ($repo_id, $path, $ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
-		if ($ref eq $ref_id) {
-			$path = '' if ($path =~ m#^\./?#);
-			return ($repo_id, $path);
-		}
-	}
-	(undef, undef, undef);
-}
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $ref_id, $repo_id, $path) = @_;
-	if (defined $ref_id && !defined $repo_id && !defined $path) {
-		($repo_id, $path) = find_ref($ref_id);
-		if (!defined $repo_id) {
-			die "Could not find a \"svn-remote.*.fetch\" key ",
-			    "in the repository configuration matching: ",
-			    "$ref_id\n";
-		}
-	}
-	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
-	if (!defined $self->{path} || !length $self->{path}) {
-		my $fetch = command_oneline('config', '--get',
-		                            "svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch",
-		                            ":$ref_id\$") or
-		     die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch\" ",
-		         "\":$ref_id\$\" in config\n";
-		($self->{path}, undef) = split(/\s*:\s*/, $fetch);
-	}
-	$self->{path} =~ s{/+}{/}g;
-	$self->{path} =~ s{\A/}{};
-	$self->{path} =~ s{/\z}{};
-	$self->{url} = command_oneline('config', '--get',
-	                               "svn-remote.$repo_id.url") or
-                  die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.url\" in config\n";
-	$self->{pushurl} = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get',
-	                          "svn-remote.$repo_id.pushurl") };
-	$self->rebuild;
-	$self;
-}
-
-sub refname {
-	my ($refname) = $_[0]->{ref_id} ;
-
-	# It cannot end with a slash /, we'll throw up on this because
-	# SVN can't have directories with a slash in their name, either:
-	if ($refname =~ m{/$}) {
-		die "ref: '$refname' ends with a trailing slash, this is ",
-		    "not permitted by git nor Subversion\n";
-	}
-
-	# It cannot have ASCII control character space, tilde ~, caret ^,
-	# colon :, question-mark ?, asterisk *, space, or open bracket [
-	# anywhere.
-	#
-	# Additionally, % must be escaped because it is used for escaping
-	# and we want our escaped refname to be reversible
-	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{uc sprintf('%%%02x',ord($1))}eg;
-
-	# no slash-separated component can begin with a dot .
-	# /.* becomes /%2E*
-	$refname =~ s{/\.}{/%2E}g;
-
-	# It cannot have two consecutive dots .. anywhere
-	# .. becomes %2E%2E
-	$refname =~ s{\.\.}{%2E%2E}g;
-
-	# trailing dots and .lock are not allowed
-	# .$ becomes %2E and .lock becomes %2Elock
-	$refname =~ s{\.(?=$|lock$)}{%2E};
-
-	# the sequence @{ is used to access the reflog
-	# @{ becomes %40{
-	$refname =~ s{\@\{}{%40\{}g;
-
-	return $refname;
-}
-
-sub desanitize_refname {
-	my ($refname) = @_;
-	$refname =~ s{%(?:([0-9A-F]{2}))}{chr hex($1)}eg;
-	return $refname;
-}
-
-sub svm_uuid {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{svm}->{uuid} if $self->svm;
-	$self->ra;
-	unless ($self->{svm}) {
-		die "SVM UUID not cached, and reading remotely failed\n";
-	}
-	$self->{svm}->{uuid};
-}
-
-sub svm {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{svm} if $self->{svm};
-	my $svm;
-	# see if we have it in our config, first:
-	eval {
-		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-		$svm = {
-		  source => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-source"),
-		  uuid => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-uuid"),
-		  replace => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-replace"),
-		}
-	};
-	if ($svm && $svm->{source} && $svm->{uuid} && $svm->{replace}) {
-		$self->{svm} = $svm;
-	}
-	$self->{svm};
-}
-
-sub _set_svm_vars {
-	my ($self, $ra) = @_;
-	return $ra if $self->svm;
-
-	my @err = ( "useSvmProps set, but failed to read SVM properties\n",
-		    "(svm:source, svm:uuid) ",
-		    "from the following URLs:\n" );
-	sub read_svm_props {
-		my ($self, $ra, $path, $r) = @_;
-		my $props = ($ra->get_dir($path, $r))[2];
-		my $src = $props->{'svm:source'};
-		my $uuid = $props->{'svm:uuid'};
-		return undef if (!$src || !$uuid);
-
-		chomp($src, $uuid);
-
-		$uuid =~ m{^[0-9a-f\-]{30,}$}i
-		    or die "doesn't look right - svm:uuid is '$uuid'\n";
-
-		# the '!' is used to mark the repos_root!/relative/path
-		$src =~ s{/?!/?}{/};
-		$src =~ s{/+$}{}; # no trailing slashes please
-		# username is of no interest
-		$src =~ s{(^[a-z\+]*://)[^/@]*@}{$1};
-
-		my $replace = $ra->{url};
-		$replace .= "/$path" if length $path;
-
-		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-		tmp_config("$section.svm-source", $src);
-		tmp_config("$section.svm-replace", $replace);
-		tmp_config("$section.svm-uuid", $uuid);
-		$self->{svm} = {
-			source => $src,
-			uuid => $uuid,
-			replace => $replace
-		};
-	}
-
-	my $r = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
-	my $path = $self->{path};
-	my %tried;
-	while (length $path) {
-		unless ($tried{"$self->{url}/$path"}) {
-			return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-			$tried{"$self->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-		}
-		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
-	}
-	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
-	return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-	$tried{"$self->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-
-	if ($ra->{repos_root} eq $self->{url}) {
-		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
-	}
-
-	# nope, make sure we're connected to the repository root:
-	my $ok;
-	my @tried_b;
-	$path = $ra->{svn_path};
-	$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
-	while (length $path) {
-		unless ($tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"}) {
-			$ok = $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-			last if $ok;
-			$tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-		}
-		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
-	}
-	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
-	$ok ||= $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
-	$tried{"$ra->{url}/$path"} = 1;
-	if (!$ok) {
-		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
-	}
-	Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->{url});
-}
-
-sub svnsync {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{svnsync} if $self->{svnsync};
-
-	if ($self->no_metadata) {
-		die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
-		    "'useSvnsyncProps' options set!\n";
-	}
-	if ($self->rewrite_root) {
-		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
-		    "options set!\n";
-	}
-	if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
-		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
-		    "options set!\n";
-	}
-
-	my $svnsync;
-	# see if we have it in our config, first:
-	eval {
-		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-
-		my $url = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-url");
-		($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
-		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
-
-		my $uuid = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-uuid");
-		($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
-		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
-
-		$svnsync = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid }
-	};
-	if ($svnsync && $svnsync->{url} && $svnsync->{uuid}) {
-		return $self->{svnsync} = $svnsync;
-	}
-
-	my $err = "useSvnsyncProps set, but failed to read " .
-	          "svnsync property: svn:sync-from-";
-	my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist(0);
-
-	my $url = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-url'} or die $err . "url\n";
-	($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
-	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
-
-	my $uuid = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-uuid'} or die $err . "uuid\n";
-	($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
-	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
-
-	my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
-	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-uuid", $uuid);
-	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-url", $url);
-	return $self->{svnsync} = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid };
-}
-
-# this allows us to memoize our SVN::Ra UUID locally and avoid a
-# remote lookup (useful for 'git svn log').
-sub ra_uuid {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	unless ($self->{ra_uuid}) {
-		my $key = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.uuid";
-		my $uuid = eval { tmp_config('--get', $key) };
-		if (!$@ && $uuid && $uuid =~ /^([a-f\d\-]{30,})$/i) {
-			$self->{ra_uuid} = $uuid;
-		} else {
-			die "ra_uuid called without URL\n" unless $self->{url};
-			$self->{ra_uuid} = $self->ra->get_uuid;
-			tmp_config('--add', $key, $self->{ra_uuid});
-		}
-	}
-	$self->{ra_uuid};
-}
-
-sub _set_repos_root {
-	my ($self, $repos_root) = @_;
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
-	$repos_root ||= $self->ra->{repos_root};
-	tmp_config($k, $repos_root);
-	$repos_root;
-}
-
-sub repos_root {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
-	eval { tmp_config('--get', $k) } || $self->_set_repos_root;
-}
-
-sub ra {
-	my ($self) = shift;
-	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->{url});
-	$self->_set_repos_root($ra->{repos_root});
-	if ($self->use_svm_props && !$self->{svm}) {
-		if ($self->no_metadata) {
-			die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
-			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
-		} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
-			die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and ",
-			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
-		}
-		$ra = $self->_set_svm_vars($ra);
-		$self->{-want_revprops} = 1;
-	}
-	$ra;
-}
-
-# prop_walk(PATH, REV, SUB)
-# -------------------------
-# Recursively traverse PATH at revision REV and invoke SUB for each
-# directory that contains a SVN property.  SUB will be invoked as
-# follows:  &SUB(gs, path, props);  where `gs' is this instance of
-# Git::SVN, `path' the path to the directory where the properties
-# `props' were found.  The `path' will be relative to point of checkout,
-# that is, if url://repo/trunk is the current Git branch, and that
-# directory contains a sub-directory `d', SUB will be invoked with `/d/'
-# as `path' (note the trailing `/').
-sub prop_walk {
-	my ($self, $path, $rev, $sub) = @_;
-
-	$path =~ s#^/##;
-	my ($dirent, undef, $props) = $self->ra->get_dir($path, $rev);
-	$path =~ s#^/*#/#g;
-	my $p = $path;
-	# Strip the irrelevant part of the path.
-	$p =~ s#^/+\Q$self->{path}\E(/|$)#/#;
-	# Ensure the path is terminated by a `/'.
-	$p =~ s#/*$#/#;
-
-	# The properties contain all the internal SVN stuff nobody
-	# (usually) cares about.
-	my $interesting_props = 0;
-	foreach (keys %{$props}) {
-		# If it doesn't start with `svn:', it must be a
-		# user-defined property.
-		++$interesting_props and next if $_ !~ /^svn:/;
-		# FIXME: Fragile, if SVN adds new public properties,
-		# this needs to be updated.
-		++$interesting_props if /^svn:(?:ignore|keywords|executable
-		                                 |eol-style|mime-type
-						 |externals|needs-lock)$/x;
-	}
-	&$sub($self, $p, $props) if $interesting_props;
-
-	foreach (sort keys %$dirent) {
-		next if $dirent->{$_}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
-		$self->prop_walk($self->{path} . $p . $_, $rev, $sub);
-	}
-}
-
-sub last_rev { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[0] }
-sub last_commit { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[1] }
-
-# returns the newest SVN revision number and newest commit SHA1
-sub last_rev_commit {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	if (defined $self->{last_rev} && defined $self->{last_commit}) {
-		return ($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit});
-	}
-	my $c = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
-	if ($c && !$self->use_svm_props && !$self->no_metadata) {
-		my $rev = (::cmt_metadata($c))[1];
-		if (defined $rev) {
-			($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $c);
-			return ($rev, $c);
-		}
-	}
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
-	unless (-e $map_path) {
-		($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = (undef, undef);
-		return (undef, undef);
-	}
-	my ($rev, $commit) = $self->rev_map_max(1);
-	($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $commit);
-	return ($rev, $commit);
-}
-
-sub get_fetch_range {
-	my ($self, $min, $max) = @_;
-	$max ||= $self->ra->get_latest_revnum;
-	$min ||= $self->rev_map_max;
-	(++$min, $max);
-}
-
-sub tmp_config {
-	my (@args) = @_;
-	my $old_def_config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config";
-	my $config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.metadata";
-	if (! -f $config && -f $old_def_config) {
-		rename $old_def_config, $config or
-		       die "Failed rename $old_def_config => $config: $!\n";
-	}
-	my $old_config = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
-	$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $config;
-	$@ = undef;
-	my @ret = eval {
-		unless (-f $config) {
-			mkfile($config);
-			open my $fh, '>', $config or
-			    die "Can't open $config: $!\n";
-			print $fh "; This file is used internally by ",
-			          "git-svn\n" or die
-				  "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
-			print $fh "; You should not have to edit it\n" or
-			      die "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
-			close $fh or die "Couldn't close $config: $!\n";
-		}
-		command('config', @args);
-	};
-	my $err = $@;
-	if (defined $old_config) {
-		$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $old_config;
-	} else {
-		delete $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
-	}
-	die $err if $err;
-	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
-}
-
-sub tmp_index_do {
-	my ($self, $sub) = @_;
-	my $old_index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
-	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $self->{index};
-	$@ = undef;
-	my @ret = eval {
-		my ($dir, $base) = ($self->{index} =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
-		&$sub;
-	};
-	my $err = $@;
-	if (defined $old_index) {
-		$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $old_index;
-	} else {
-		delete $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
-	}
-	die $err if $err;
-	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
-}
-
-sub assert_index_clean {
-	my ($self, $treeish) = @_;
-
-	$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
-		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish) unless -e $self->{index};
-		my $x = command_oneline('write-tree');
-		my ($y) = (command(qw/cat-file commit/, $treeish) =~
-		           /^tree ($::sha1)/mo);
-		return if $y eq $x;
-
-		warn "Index mismatch: $y != $x\nrereading $treeish\n";
-		unlink $self->{index} or die "unlink $self->{index}: $!\n";
-		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish);
-		$x = command_oneline('write-tree');
-		if ($y ne $x) {
-			::fatal "trees ($treeish) $y != $x\n",
-			        "Something is seriously wrong...";
-		}
-	});
-}
-
-sub get_commit_parents {
-	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
-	my (%seen, @ret, @tmp);
-	# legacy support for 'set-tree'; this is only used by set_tree_cb:
-	if (my $ip = $self->{inject_parents}) {
-		if (my $commit = delete $ip->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
-			push @tmp, $commit;
-		}
-	}
-	if (my $cur = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0')) {
-		push @tmp, $cur;
-	}
-	if (my $ipd = $self->{inject_parents_dcommit}) {
-		if (my $commit = delete $ipd->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
-			push @tmp, @$commit;
-		}
-	}
-	push @tmp, $_ foreach (@{$log_entry->{parents}}, @tmp);
-	while (my $p = shift @tmp) {
-		next if $seen{$p};
-		$seen{$p} = 1;
-		push @ret, $p;
-	}
-	@ret;
-}
-
-sub rewrite_root {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{-rewrite_root} if exists $self->{-rewrite_root};
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteRoot";
-	my $rwr = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-	if ($rwr) {
-		$rwr =~ s#/+$##;
-		if ($rwr !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
-			die "$rwr is not a valid URL (key: $k)\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$self->{-rewrite_root} = $rwr;
-}
-
-sub rewrite_uuid {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{-rewrite_uuid} if exists $self->{-rewrite_uuid};
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteUUID";
-	my $rwid = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
-	if ($rwid) {
-		$rwid =~ s#/+$##;
-		if ($rwid !~ m#^[a-f0-9]{8}-(?:[a-f0-9]{4}-){3}[a-f0-9]{12}$#) {
-			die "$rwid is not a valid UUID (key: $k)\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$self->{-rewrite_uuid} = $rwid;
-}
-
-sub metadata_url {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	($self->rewrite_root || $self->{url}) .
-	   (length $self->{path} ? '/' . $self->{path} : '');
-}
-
-sub full_url {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	$self->{url} . (length $self->{path} ? '/' . $self->{path} : '');
-}
-
-sub full_pushurl {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	if ($self->{pushurl}) {
-		return $self->{pushurl} . (length $self->{path} ? '/' .
-		       $self->{path} : '');
-	} else {
-		return $self->full_url;
-	}
-}
-
-sub set_commit_header_env {
-	my ($log_entry) = @_;
-	my %env;
-	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
-		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
-			$env{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"} = $ENV{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"};
-		}
-	}
-
-	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $log_entry->{name};
-	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $log_entry->{email};
-	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_DATE} = $log_entry->{date};
-
-	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_NAME} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_name})
-						? $log_entry->{commit_name}
-						: $log_entry->{name};
-	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_email})
-						? $log_entry->{commit_email}
-						: $log_entry->{email};
-	\%env;
-}
-
-sub restore_commit_header_env {
-	my ($env) = @_;
-	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
-		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
-			my $k = "GIT_${ac}_${ned}";
-			if (defined $env->{$k}) {
-				$ENV{$k} = $env->{$k};
-			} else {
-				delete $ENV{$k};
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub gc {
-	command_noisy('gc', '--auto');
-};
-
-sub do_git_commit {
-	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
-	my $lr = $self->last_rev;
-	if (defined $lr && $lr >= $log_entry->{revision}) {
-		die "Last fetched revision of ", $self->refname,
-		    " was r$lr, but we are about to fetch: ",
-		    "r$log_entry->{revision}!\n";
-	}
-	if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($log_entry->{revision})) {
-		croak "$log_entry->{revision} = $c already exists! ",
-		      "Why are we refetching it?\n";
-	}
-	my $old_env = set_commit_header_env($log_entry);
-	my $tree = $log_entry->{tree};
-	if (!defined $tree) {
-		$tree = $self->tmp_index_do(sub {
-		                            command_oneline('write-tree') });
-	}
-	die "Tree is not a valid sha1: $tree\n" if $tree !~ /^$::sha1$/o;
-
-	my @exec = ('git', 'commit-tree', $tree);
-	foreach ($self->get_commit_parents($log_entry)) {
-		push @exec, '-p', $_;
-	}
-	defined(my $pid = open3(my $msg_fh, my $out_fh, '>&STDERR', @exec))
-	                                                           or croak $!;
-	binmode $msg_fh;
-
-	# we always get UTF-8 from SVN, but we may want our commits in
-	# a different encoding.
-	if (my $enc = Git::config('i18n.commitencoding')) {
-		require Encode;
-		Encode::from_to($log_entry->{log}, 'UTF-8', $enc);
-	}
-	print $msg_fh $log_entry->{log} or croak $!;
-	restore_commit_header_env($old_env);
-	unless ($self->no_metadata) {
-		print $msg_fh "\ngit-svn-id: $log_entry->{metadata}\n"
-		              or croak $!;
-	}
-	$msg_fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
-	close $msg_fh or croak $!;
-	chomp(my $commit = do { local $/; <$out_fh> });
-	close $out_fh or croak $!;
-	waitpid $pid, 0;
-	croak $? if $?;
-	if ($commit !~ /^$::sha1$/o) {
-		die "Failed to commit, invalid sha1: $commit\n";
-	}
-
-	$self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{revision}, $commit, 1);
-
-	$self->{last_rev} = $log_entry->{revision};
-	$self->{last_commit} = $commit;
-	print "r$log_entry->{revision}" unless $::_q > 1;
-	if (defined $log_entry->{svm_revision}) {
-		 print " (\@$log_entry->{svm_revision})" unless $::_q > 1;
-		 $self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{svm_revision}, $commit,
-		                   0, $self->svm_uuid);
-	}
-	print " = $commit ($self->{ref_id})\n" unless $::_q > 1;
-	if (--$_gc_nr == 0) {
-		$_gc_nr = $_gc_period;
-		gc();
-	}
-	return $commit;
-}
-
-sub match_paths {
-	my ($self, $paths, $r) = @_;
-	return 1 if $self->{path} eq '';
-	if (my $path = $paths->{"/$self->{path}"}) {
-		return ($path->{action} eq 'D') ? 0 : 1;
-	}
-	$self->{path_regex} ||= qr/^\/\Q$self->{path}\E\//;
-	if (grep /$self->{path_regex}/, keys %$paths) {
-		return 1;
-	}
-	my $c = '';
-	foreach (split m#/#, $self->{path}) {
-		$c .= "/$_";
-		next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
-		             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
-		if ($self->ra->check_path($self->{path}, $r) ==
-		    $SVN::Node::dir) {
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sub find_parent_branch {
-	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
-	return undef unless $self->follow_parent;
-	unless (defined $paths) {
-		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
-		$SVN::Error::handler = \&Git::SVN::Ra::skip_unknown_revs;
-		$self->ra->get_log([$self->{path}], $rev, $rev, 0, 1, 1,
-				   sub { $paths = $_[0] });
-		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
-	}
-	return undef unless defined $paths;
-
-	# look for a parent from another branch:
-	my @b_path_components = split m#/#, $self->{path};
-	my @a_path_components;
-	my $i;
-	while (@b_path_components) {
-		$i = $paths->{'/'.join('/', @b_path_components)};
-		last if $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
-		unshift(@a_path_components, pop(@b_path_components));
-	}
-	return undef unless defined $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
-	my $branch_from = $i->{copyfrom_path};
-	if (@a_path_components) {
-		print STDERR "branch_from: $branch_from => ";
-		$branch_from .= '/'.join('/', @a_path_components);
-		print STDERR $branch_from, "\n";
-	}
-	my $r = $i->{copyfrom_rev};
-	my $repos_root = $self->ra->{repos_root};
-	my $url = $self->ra->{url};
-	my $new_url = $url . $branch_from;
-	print STDERR  "Found possible branch point: ",
-	              "$new_url => ", $self->full_url, ", $r\n"
-	              unless $::_q > 1;
-	$branch_from =~ s#^/##;
-	my $gs = $self->other_gs($new_url, $url,
-		                 $branch_from, $r, $self->{ref_id});
-	my ($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
-	{
-		my ($base, $head);
-		if (!defined $r0 || !defined $parent) {
-			($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument(0, $r);
-		} else {
-			if ($r0 < $r) {
-				$gs->ra->get_log([$gs->{path}], $r0 + 1, $r, 1,
-					0, 1, sub { $base = $_[1] - 1 });
-			}
-		}
-		if (defined $base && $base <= $r) {
-			$gs->fetch($base, $r);
-		}
-		($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
-	}
-	if (defined $r0 && defined $parent) {
-		print STDERR "Found branch parent: ($self->{ref_id}) $parent\n"
-		             unless $::_q > 1;
-		my $ed;
-		if ($self->ra->can_do_switch) {
-			$self->assert_index_clean($parent);
-			print STDERR "Following parent with do_switch\n"
-			             unless $::_q > 1;
-			# do_switch works with svn/trunk >= r22312, but that
-			# is not included with SVN 1.4.3 (the latest version
-			# at the moment), so we can't rely on it
-			$self->{last_rev} = $r0;
-			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
-			$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self, $gs->{path});
-			$gs->ra->gs_do_switch($r0, $rev, $gs,
-					      $self->full_url, $ed)
-			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
-		} elsif ($self->ra->trees_match($new_url, $r0,
-			                        $self->full_url, $rev)) {
-			print STDERR "Trees match:\n",
-			             "  $new_url\@$r0\n",
-			             "  ${\$self->full_url}\@$rev\n",
-			             "Following parent with no changes\n"
-			             unless $::_q > 1;
-			$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
-			    command_noisy('read-tree', $parent);
-			});
-			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
-		} else {
-			print STDERR "Following parent with do_update\n"
-			             unless $::_q > 1;
-			$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self);
-			$self->ra->gs_do_update($rev, $rev, $self, $ed)
-			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
-		}
-		print STDERR "Successfully followed parent\n" unless $::_q > 1;
-		return $self->make_log_entry($rev, [$parent], $ed);
-	}
-	return undef;
-}
-
-sub do_fetch {
-	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
-	my $ed;
-	my ($last_rev, @parents);
-	if (my $lc = $self->last_commit) {
-		# we can have a branch that was deleted, then re-added
-		# under the same name but copied from another path, in
-		# which case we'll have multiple parents (we don't
-		# want to break the original ref, nor lose copypath info):
-		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
-			push @{$log_entry->{parents}}, $lc;
-			return $log_entry;
-		}
-		$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self);
-		$last_rev = $self->{last_rev};
-		$ed->{c} = $lc;
-		@parents = ($lc);
-	} else {
-		$last_rev = $rev;
-		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
-			return $log_entry;
-		}
-		$ed = SVN::Git::Fetcher->new($self);
-	}
-	unless ($self->ra->gs_do_update($last_rev, $rev, $self, $ed)) {
-		die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
-	}
-	$self->make_log_entry($rev, \@parents, $ed);
-}
-
-sub mkemptydirs {
-	my ($self, $r) = @_;
-
-	sub scan {
-		my ($r, $empty_dirs, $line) = @_;
-		if (defined $r && $line =~ /^r(\d+)$/) {
-			return 0 if $1 > $r;
-		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \+empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
-			$empty_dirs->{$1} = 1;
-		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \-empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
-			my @d = grep {m[^\Q$1\E(/|$)]} (keys %$empty_dirs);
-			delete @$empty_dirs{@d};
-		}
-		1; # continue
-	};
-
-	my %empty_dirs = ();
-	my $gz_file = "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log.gz";
-	if (-f $gz_file) {
-		if (!$can_compress) {
-			warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; ",
-			     "empty directories in $gz_file will not be read\n";
-		} else {
-			my $gz = Compress::Zlib::gzopen($gz_file, "rb") or
-				die "Unable to open $gz_file: $!\n";
-			my $line;
-			while ($gz->gzreadline($line) > 0) {
-				scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $line) or last;
-			}
-			$gz->gzclose;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (open my $fh, '<', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log") {
-		binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-		while (<$fh>) {
-			scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $_) or last;
-		}
-		close $fh;
-	}
-
-	my $strip = qr/\A\Q$self->{path}\E(?:\/|$)/;
-	foreach my $d (sort keys %empty_dirs) {
-		$d = uri_decode($d);
-		$d =~ s/$strip//;
-		next unless length($d);
-		next if -d $d;
-		if (-e $d) {
-			warn "$d exists but is not a directory\n";
-		} else {
-			print "creating empty directory: $d\n";
-			mkpath([$d]);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub get_untracked {
-	my ($self, $ed) = @_;
-	my @out;
-	my $h = $ed->{empty};
-	foreach (sort keys %$h) {
-		my $act = $h->{$_} ? '+empty_dir' : '-empty_dir';
-		push @out, "  $act: " . uri_encode($_);
-		warn "W: $act: $_\n";
-	}
-	foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
-		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
-		foreach my $path (sort keys %$h) {
-			my $ppath = $path eq '' ? '.' : $path;
-			foreach my $prop (sort keys %{$h->{$path}}) {
-				next if $SKIP_PROP{$prop};
-				my $v = $h->{$path}->{$prop};
-				my $t_ppath_prop = "$t: " .
-				                    uri_encode($ppath) . ' ' .
-				                    uri_encode($prop);
-				if (defined $v) {
-					push @out, "  +$t_ppath_prop " .
-					           uri_encode($v);
-				} else {
-					push @out, "  -$t_ppath_prop";
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	foreach my $t (qw/absent_file absent_directory/) {
-		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
-		foreach my $parent (sort keys %$h) {
-			foreach my $path (sort @{$h->{$parent}}) {
-				push @out, "  $t: " .
-				           uri_encode("$parent/$path");
-				warn "W: $t: $parent/$path ",
-				     "Insufficient permissions?\n";
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	\@out;
-}
-
-sub get_tz {
-	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
-	my $t = shift || time;
-	my $gm = timelocal(gmtime($t));
-	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $t <=> $gm ];
-	return sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
-}
-
-# parse_svn_date(DATE)
-# --------------------
-# Given a date (in UTC) from Subversion, return a string in the format
-# "<TZ Offset> <local date/time>" that Git will use.
-#
-# By default the parsed date will be in UTC; if $Git::SVN::_localtime
-# is true we'll convert it to the local timezone instead.
-sub parse_svn_date {
-	my $date = shift || return '+0000 1970-01-01 00:00:00';
-	my ($Y,$m,$d,$H,$M,$S) = ($date =~ /^(\d{4})\-(\d\d)\-(\d\d)T
-	                                    (\d\d)\:(\d\d)\:(\d\d)\.\d*Z$/x) or
-	                                 croak "Unable to parse date: $date\n";
-	my $parsed_date;    # Set next.
-
-	if ($Git::SVN::_localtime) {
-		# Translate the Subversion datetime to an epoch time.
-		# Begin by switching ourselves to $date's timezone, UTC.
-		my $old_env_TZ = $ENV{TZ};
-		$ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
-
-		my $epoch_in_UTC =
-		    POSIX::strftime('%s', $S, $M, $H, $d, $m - 1, $Y - 1900);
-
-		# Determine our local timezone (including DST) at the
-		# time of $epoch_in_UTC.  $Git::SVN::Log::TZ stored the
-		# value of TZ, if any, at the time we were run.
-		if (defined $Git::SVN::Log::TZ) {
-			$ENV{TZ} = $Git::SVN::Log::TZ;
-		} else {
-			delete $ENV{TZ};
-		}
-
-		my $our_TZ = get_tz();
-
-		# This converts $epoch_in_UTC into our local timezone.
-		my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
-		    $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime($epoch_in_UTC);
-
-		$parsed_date = sprintf('%s %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d',
-				       $our_TZ, $year + 1900, $mon + 1,
-				       $mday, $hour, $min, $sec);
-
-		# Reset us to the timezone in effect when we entered
-		# this routine.
-		if (defined $old_env_TZ) {
-			$ENV{TZ} = $old_env_TZ;
-		} else {
-			delete $ENV{TZ};
-		}
-	} else {
-		$parsed_date = "+0000 $Y-$m-$d $H:$M:$S";
-	}
-
-	return $parsed_date;
-}
-
-sub other_gs {
-	my ($self, $new_url, $url,
-	    $branch_from, $r, $old_ref_id) = @_;
-	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($new_url, $url, $branch_from);
-	unless ($gs) {
-		my $ref_id = $old_ref_id;
-		$ref_id =~ s/\@\d+-*$//;
-		$ref_id .= "\@$r";
-		# just grow a tail if we're not unique enough :x
-		$ref_id .= '-' while find_ref($ref_id);
-		my ($u, $p, $repo_id) = ($new_url, '', $ref_id);
-		if ($u =~ s#^\Q$url\E(/|$)##) {
-			$p = $u;
-			$u = $url;
-			$repo_id = $self->{repo_id};
-		}
-		while (1) {
-			# It is possible to tag two different subdirectories at
-			# the same revision.  If the url for an existing ref
-			# does not match, we must either find a ref with a
-			# matching url or create a new ref by growing a tail.
-			$gs = Git::SVN->init($u, $p, $repo_id, $ref_id, 1);
-			my (undef, $max_commit) = $gs->rev_map_max(1);
-			last if (!$max_commit);
-			my ($url) = ::cmt_metadata($max_commit);
-			last if ($url eq $gs->metadata_url);
-			$ref_id .= '-';
-		}
-		print STDERR "Initializing parent: $ref_id\n" unless $::_q > 1;
-	}
-	$gs
-}
-
-sub call_authors_prog {
-	my ($orig_author) = @_;
-	$orig_author = command_oneline('rev-parse', '--sq-quote', $orig_author);
-	my $author = `$::_authors_prog $orig_author`;
-	if ($? != 0) {
-		die "$::_authors_prog failed with exit code $?\n"
-	}
-	if ($author =~ /^\s*(.+?)\s*<(.*)>\s*$/) {
-		my ($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
-		$email = undef if length $2 == 0;
-		return [$name, $email];
-	} else {
-		die "Author: $orig_author: $::_authors_prog returned "
-			. "invalid author format: $author\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub check_author {
-	my ($author) = @_;
-	if (!defined $author || length $author == 0) {
-		$author = '(no author)';
-	}
-	if (!defined $::users{$author}) {
-		if (defined $::_authors_prog) {
-			$::users{$author} = call_authors_prog($author);
-		} elsif (defined $::_authors) {
-			die "Author: $author not defined in $::_authors file\n";
-		}
-	}
-	$author;
-}
-
-sub find_extra_svk_parents {
-	my ($self, $ed, $tickets, $parents) = @_;
-	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
-	my @tickets = split "\n", $tickets;
-	my @known_parents;
-	for my $ticket ( @tickets ) {
-		my ($uuid, $path, $rev) = split /:/, $ticket;
-		if ( $uuid eq $self->ra_uuid ) {
-			my $url = $self->{url};
-			my $repos_root = $url;
-			my $branch_from = $path;
-			$branch_from =~ s{^/}{};
-			my $gs = $self->other_gs($repos_root."/".$branch_from,
-			                         $url,
-			                         $branch_from,
-			                         $rev,
-			                         $self->{ref_id});
-			if ( my $commit = $gs->rev_map_get($rev, $uuid) ) {
-				# wahey!  we found it, but it might be
-				# an old one (!)
-				push @known_parents, [ $rev, $commit ];
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	# Ordering matters; highest-numbered commit merge tickets
-	# first, as they may account for later merge ticket additions
-	# or changes.
-	@known_parents = map {$_->[1]} sort {$b->[0] <=> $a->[0]} @known_parents;
-	for my $parent ( @known_parents ) {
-		my @cmd = ('rev-list', $parent, map { "^$_" } @$parents );
-		my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@cmd);
-		my $new;
-		while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
-			$new=1;last;
-		}
-		command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
-		if ( $new ) {
-			print STDERR
-			    "Found merge parent (svk:merge ticket): $parent\n";
-			push @$parents, $parent;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub lookup_svn_merge {
-	my $uuid = shift;
-	my $url = shift;
-	my $merge = shift;
-
-	my ($source, $revs) = split ":", $merge;
-	my $path = $source;
-	$path =~ s{^/}{};
-	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($url.$source, $url, $path);
-	if ( !$gs ) {
-		warn "Couldn't find revmap for $url$source\n";
-		return;
-	}
-	my @ranges = split ",", $revs;
-	my ($tip, $tip_commit);
-	my @merged_commit_ranges;
-	# find the tip
-	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
-		my ($bottom, $top) = split "-", $range;
-		$top ||= $bottom;
-		my $bottom_commit = $gs->find_rev_after( $bottom, 1, $top );
-		my $top_commit = $gs->find_rev_before( $top, 1, $bottom );
-
-		unless ($top_commit and $bottom_commit) {
-			warn "W:unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
-				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
-			next;
-		}
-
-		if (scalar(command('rev-parse', "$bottom_commit^@"))) {
-			push @merged_commit_ranges,
-			     "$bottom_commit^..$top_commit";
-		} else {
-			push @merged_commit_ranges, "$top_commit";
-		}
-
-		if ( !defined $tip or $top > $tip ) {
-			$tip = $top;
-			$tip_commit = $top_commit;
-		}
-	}
-	return ($tip_commit, @merged_commit_ranges);
-}
-
-sub _rev_list {
-	my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(
-		"rev-list", @_,
-	       );
-	my @rv;
-	while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
-		chomp;
-		push @rv, $_;
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
-	@rv;
-}
-
-sub check_cherry_pick {
-	my $base = shift;
-	my $tip = shift;
-	my $parents = shift;
-	my @ranges = @_;
-	my %commits = map { $_ => 1 }
-		_rev_list("--no-merges", $tip, "--not", $base, @$parents, "--");
-	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
-		delete @commits{_rev_list($range, "--")};
-	}
-	for my $commit (keys %commits) {
-		if (has_no_changes($commit)) {
-			delete $commits{$commit};
-		}
-	}
-	return (keys %commits);
-}
-
-sub has_no_changes {
-	my $commit = shift;
-
-	my @revs = split / /, command_oneline(
-		qw(rev-list --parents -1 -m), $commit);
-
-	# Commits with no parents, e.g. the start of a partial branch,
-	# have changes by definition.
-	return 1 if (@revs < 2);
-
-	# Commits with multiple parents, e.g a merge, have no changes
-	# by definition.
-	return 0 if (@revs > 2);
-
-	return (command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit^{tree}") eq
-		command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit~1^{tree}"));
-}
-
-# The GIT_DIR environment variable is not always set until after the command
-# line arguments are processed, so we can't memoize in a BEGIN block.
-{
-	my $memoized = 0;
-
-	sub memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
-		return if $memoized;
-		$memoized = 1;
-
-		my $cache_path = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.caches/";
-		mkpath([$cache_path]) unless -d $cache_path;
-
-		tie my %lookup_svn_merge_cache => 'Memoize::Storable',
-		    "$cache_path/lookup_svn_merge.db", 'nstore';
-		memoize 'lookup_svn_merge',
-			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
-			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%lookup_svn_merge_cache],
-		;
-
-		tie my %check_cherry_pick_cache => 'Memoize::Storable',
-		    "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick.db", 'nstore';
-		memoize 'check_cherry_pick',
-			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
-			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%check_cherry_pick_cache],
-		;
-
-		tie my %has_no_changes_cache => 'Memoize::Storable',
-		    "$cache_path/has_no_changes.db", 'nstore';
-		memoize 'has_no_changes',
-			SCALAR_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%has_no_changes_cache],
-			LIST_CACHE => 'FAULT',
-		;
-	}
-
-	sub unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
-		return if not $memoized;
-		$memoized = 0;
-
-		Memoize::unmemoize 'lookup_svn_merge';
-		Memoize::unmemoize 'check_cherry_pick';
-		Memoize::unmemoize 'has_no_changes';
-	}
-
-	Memoize::memoize 'Git::SVN::repos_root';
-}
-
-END {
-	# Force cache writeout explicitly instead of waiting for
-	# global destruction to avoid segfault in Storable:
-	# http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=36087
-	unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
-}
-
-sub parents_exclude {
-	my $parents = shift;
-	my @commits = @_;
-	return unless @commits;
-
-	my @excluded;
-	my $excluded;
-	do {
-		my @cmd = ('rev-list', "-1", @commits, "--not", @$parents );
-		$excluded = command_oneline(@cmd);
-		if ( $excluded ) {
-			my @new;
-			my $found;
-			for my $commit ( @commits ) {
-				if ( $commit eq $excluded ) {
-					push @excluded, $commit;
-					$found++;
-					last;
-				}
-				else {
-					push @new, $commit;
-				}
-			}
-			die "saw commit '$excluded' in rev-list output, "
-				."but we didn't ask for that commit (wanted: @commits --not @$parents)"
-					unless $found;
-			@commits = @new;
-		}
-	}
-		while ($excluded and @commits);
-
-	return @excluded;
-}
-
-
-# note: this function should only be called if the various dirprops
-# have actually changed
-sub find_extra_svn_parents {
-	my ($self, $ed, $mergeinfo, $parents) = @_;
-	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
-
-	memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
-
-	# We first search for merged tips which are not in our
-	# history.  Then, we figure out which git revisions are in
-	# that tip, but not this revision.  If all of those revisions
-	# are now marked as merge, we can add the tip as a parent.
-	my @merges = split "\n", $mergeinfo;
-	my @merge_tips;
-	my $url = $self->{url};
-	my $uuid = $self->ra_uuid;
-	my %ranges;
-	for my $merge ( @merges ) {
-		my ($tip_commit, @ranges) =
-			lookup_svn_merge( $uuid, $url, $merge );
-		unless (!$tip_commit or
-				grep { $_ eq $tip_commit } @$parents ) {
-			push @merge_tips, $tip_commit;
-			$ranges{$tip_commit} = \@ranges;
-		} else {
-			push @merge_tips, undef;
-		}
-	}
-
-	my %excluded = map { $_ => 1 }
-		parents_exclude($parents, grep { defined } @merge_tips);
-
-	# check merge tips for new parents
-	my @new_parents;
-	for my $merge_tip ( @merge_tips ) {
-		my $spec = shift @merges;
-		next unless $merge_tip and $excluded{$merge_tip};
-
-		my $ranges = $ranges{$merge_tip};
-
-		# check out 'new' tips
-		my $merge_base;
-		eval {
-			$merge_base = command_oneline(
-				"merge-base",
-				@$parents, $merge_tip,
-			);
-		};
-		if ($@) {
-			die "An error occurred during merge-base"
-				unless $@->isa("Git::Error::Command");
-
-			warn "W: Cannot find common ancestor between ".
-			     "@$parents and $merge_tip. Ignoring merge info.\n";
-			next;
-		}
-
-		# double check that there are no missing non-merge commits
-		my (@incomplete) = check_cherry_pick(
-			$merge_base, $merge_tip,
-			$parents,
-			@$ranges,
-		       );
-
-		if ( @incomplete ) {
-			warn "W:svn cherry-pick ignored ($spec) - missing "
-				.@incomplete." commit(s) (eg $incomplete[0])\n";
-		} else {
-			warn
-				"Found merge parent (svn:mergeinfo prop): ",
-					$merge_tip, "\n";
-			push @new_parents, $merge_tip;
-		}
-	}
-
-	# cater for merges which merge commits from multiple branches
-	if ( @new_parents > 1 ) {
-		for ( my $i = 0; $i <= $#new_parents; $i++ ) {
-			for ( my $j = 0; $j <= $#new_parents; $j++ ) {
-				next if $i == $j;
-				next unless $new_parents[$i];
-				next unless $new_parents[$j];
-				my $revs = command_oneline(
-					"rev-list", "-1",
-					"$new_parents[$i]..$new_parents[$j]",
-				       );
-				if ( !$revs ) {
-					undef($new_parents[$j]);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	push @$parents, grep { defined } @new_parents;
-}
-
-sub make_log_entry {
-	my ($self, $rev, $parents, $ed) = @_;
-	my $untracked = $self->get_untracked($ed);
-
-	my @parents = @$parents;
-	my $ps = $ed->{path_strip} || "";
-	for my $path ( grep { m/$ps/ } %{$ed->{dir_prop}} ) {
-		my $props = $ed->{dir_prop}{$path};
-		if ( $props->{"svk:merge"} ) {
-			$self->find_extra_svk_parents
-				($ed, $props->{"svk:merge"}, \@parents);
-		}
-		if ( $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"} ) {
-			$self->find_extra_svn_parents
-				($ed,
-				 $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"},
-				 \@parents);
-		}
-	}
-
-	open my $un, '>>', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log" or croak $!;
-	print $un "r$rev\n" or croak $!;
-	print $un $_, "\n" foreach @$untracked;
-	my %log_entry = ( parents => \@parents, revision => $rev,
-	                  log => '');
-
-	my $headrev;
-	my $logged = delete $self->{logged_rev_props};
-	if (!$logged || $self->{-want_revprops}) {
-		my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist($rev);
-		foreach (sort keys %$rp) {
-			my $v = $rp->{$_};
-			if (/^svn:(author|date|log)$/) {
-				$log_entry{$1} = $v;
-			} elsif ($_ eq 'svm:headrev') {
-				$headrev = $v;
-			} else {
-				print $un "  rev_prop: ", uri_encode($_), ' ',
-					  uri_encode($v), "\n";
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		map { $log_entry{$_} = $logged->{$_} } keys %$logged;
-	}
-	close $un or croak $!;
-
-	$log_entry{date} = parse_svn_date($log_entry{date});
-	$log_entry{log} .= "\n";
-	my $author = $log_entry{author} = check_author($log_entry{author});
-	my ($name, $email) = defined $::users{$author} ? @{$::users{$author}}
-						       : ($author, undef);
-
-	my ($commit_name, $commit_email) = ($name, $email);
-	if ($_use_log_author) {
-		my $name_field;
-		if ($log_entry{log} =~ /From:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
-			$name_field = $1;
-		} elsif ($log_entry{log} =~ /Signed-off-by:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
-			$name_field = $1;
-		}
-		if (!defined $name_field) {
-			if (!defined $email) {
-				$email = $name;
-			}
-		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
-			($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
-		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*)@/) {
-			($name, $email) = ($1, $name_field);
-		} else {
-			($name, $email) = ($name_field, $name_field);
-		}
-	}
-	if (defined $headrev && $self->use_svm_props) {
-		if ($self->rewrite_root) {
-			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
-			    "options set!\n";
-		}
-		if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
-			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
-			    "options set!\n";
-		}
-		my ($uuid, $r) = $headrev =~ m{^([a-f\d\-]{30,}):(\d+)$}i;
-		# we don't want "SVM: initializing mirror for junk" ...
-		return undef if $r == 0;
-		my $svm = $self->svm;
-		if ($uuid ne $svm->{uuid}) {
-			die "UUID mismatch on SVM path:\n",
-			    "expected: $svm->{uuid}\n",
-			    "     got: $uuid\n";
-		}
-		my $full_url = $self->full_url;
-		$full_url =~ s#^\Q$svm->{replace}\E(/|$)#$svm->{source}$1# or
-		             die "Failed to replace '$svm->{replace}' with ",
-		                 "'$svm->{source}' in $full_url\n";
-		# throw away username for storing in records
-		remove_username($full_url);
-		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$r $uuid";
-		$log_entry{svm_revision} = $r;
-		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-	} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
-		my $full_url = $self->svnsync->{url};
-		$full_url .= "/$self->{path}" if length $self->{path};
-		remove_username($full_url);
-		my $uuid = $self->svnsync->{uuid};
-		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$rev $uuid";
-		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
-	} else {
-		my $url = $self->metadata_url;
-		remove_username($url);
-		my $uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra->get_uuid;
-		$log_entry{metadata} = "$url\@$rev " . $uuid;
-		$email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
-		$commit_email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
-	}
-	$log_entry{name} = $name;
-	$log_entry{email} = $email;
-	$log_entry{commit_name} = $commit_name;
-	$log_entry{commit_email} = $commit_email;
-	\%log_entry;
-}
-
-sub fetch {
-	my ($self, $min_rev, $max_rev, @parents) = @_;
-	my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = $self->last_rev_commit;
-	my ($base, $head) = $self->get_fetch_range($min_rev, $max_rev);
-	$self->ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, [$self]);
-}
-
-sub set_tree_cb {
-	my ($self, $log_entry, $tree, $rev, $date, $author) = @_;
-	$self->{inject_parents} = { $rev => $tree };
-	$self->fetch(undef, undef);
-}
-
-sub set_tree {
-	my ($self, $tree) = (shift, shift);
-	my $log_entry = ::get_commit_entry($tree);
-	unless ($self->{last_rev}) {
-		::fatal("Must have an existing revision to commit");
-	}
-	my %ed_opts = ( r => $self->{last_rev},
-	                log => $log_entry->{log},
-	                ra => $self->ra,
-	                tree_a => $self->{last_commit},
-	                tree_b => $tree,
-	                editor_cb => sub {
-			       $self->set_tree_cb($log_entry, $tree, @_) },
-	                svn_path => $self->{path} );
-	if (!SVN::Git::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
-		print "No changes\nr$self->{last_rev} = $tree\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub rebuild_from_rev_db {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	my $r = -1;
-	open my $fh, '<', $path or croak "open: $!";
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		length($_) == 41 or croak "inconsistent size in ($_) != 41";
-		chomp($_);
-		++$r;
-		next if $_ eq ('0' x 40);
-		$self->rev_map_set($r, $_);
-		print "r$r = $_\n";
-	}
-	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
-	unlink $path or croak "unlink: $!";
-}
-
-sub rebuild {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
-	my $partial = (-e $map_path && ! -z $map_path);
-	return unless ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
-	if (!$partial && ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata)) {
-		my $rev_db = $self->rev_db_path;
-		$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($rev_db);
-		if ($self->use_svm_props) {
-			my $svm_rev_db = $self->rev_db_path($self->svm_uuid);
-			$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($svm_rev_db);
-		}
-		$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
-		return;
-	}
-	print "Rebuilding $map_path ...\n" if (!$partial);
-	my ($base_rev, $head) = ($partial ? $self->rev_map_max_norebuild(1) :
-		(undef, undef));
-	my ($log, $ctx) =
-	    command_output_pipe(qw/rev-list --pretty=raw --reverse/,
-				($head ? "$head.." : "") . $self->refname,
-				'--');
-	my $metadata_url = $self->metadata_url;
-	remove_username($metadata_url);
-	my $svn_uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra_uuid;
-	my $c;
-	while (<$log>) {
-		if ( m{^commit ($::sha1)$} ) {
-			$c = $1;
-			next;
-		}
-		next unless s{^\s*(git-svn-id:)}{$1};
-		my ($url, $rev, $uuid) = ::extract_metadata($_);
-		remove_username($url);
-
-		# ignore merges (from set-tree)
-		next if (!defined $rev || !$uuid);
-
-		# if we merged or otherwise started elsewhere, this is
-		# how we break out of it
-		if (($uuid ne $svn_uuid) ||
-		    ($metadata_url && $url && ($url ne $metadata_url))) {
-			next;
-		}
-		if ($partial && $head) {
-			print "Partial-rebuilding $map_path ...\n";
-			print "Currently at $base_rev = $head\n";
-			$head = undef;
-		}
-
-		$self->rev_map_set($rev, $c);
-		print "r$rev = $c\n";
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($log, $ctx);
-	print "Done rebuilding $map_path\n" if (!$partial || !$head);
-	my $rev_db_path = $self->rev_db_path;
-	if (-f $self->rev_db_path) {
-		unlink $self->rev_db_path or croak "unlink: $!";
-	}
-	$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
-}
-
-# rev_map:
-# Tie::File seems to be prone to offset errors if revisions get sparse,
-# it's not that fast, either.  Tie::File is also not in Perl 5.6.  So
-# one of my favorite modules is out :<  Next up would be one of the DBM
-# modules, but I'm not sure which is most portable...
-#
-# This is the replacement for the rev_db format, which was too big
-# and inefficient for large repositories with a lot of sparse history
-# (mainly tags)
-#
-# The format is this:
-#   - 24 bytes for every record,
-#     * 4 bytes for the integer representing an SVN revision number
-#     * 20 bytes representing the sha1 of a git commit
-#   - No empty padding records like the old format
-#     (except the last record, which can be overwritten)
-#   - new records are written append-only since SVN revision numbers
-#     increase monotonically
-#   - lookups on SVN revision number are done via a binary search
-#   - Piping the file to xxd -c24 is a good way of dumping it for
-#     viewing or editing (piped back through xxd -r), should the need
-#     ever arise.
-#   - The last record can be padding revision with an all-zero sha1
-#     This is used to optimize fetch performance when using multiple
-#     "fetch" directives in .git/config
-#
-# These files are disposable unless noMetadata or useSvmProps is set
-
-sub _rev_map_set {
-	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
-
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
-	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
-
-	my $wr_offset = 0;
-	if ($size > 0) {
-		sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-		my $read = sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) or croak "read: $!";
-		$read == 24 or croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
-		my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-		if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
-			if ($size >= 48) {
-				sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-				$read = sysread($fh, $buf, 24) or
-				    croak "read: $!";
-				$read == 24 or
-				    croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
-				($last_rev, $last_commit) =
-				    unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-				if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
-					croak "inconsistent .rev_map\n";
-				}
-			}
-			if ($last_rev >= $rev) {
-				croak "last_rev is higher!: $last_rev >= $rev";
-			}
-			$wr_offset = -24;
-		}
-	}
-	sysseek($fh, $wr_offset, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-	syswrite($fh, pack(rev_map_fmt, $rev, $commit), 24) == 24 or
-	  croak "write: $!";
-}
-
-sub _rev_map_reset {
-	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
-	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
-	$c eq $commit or die "_rev_map_reset(@_) commit $c does not match!\n";
-	my $offset = sysseek($fh, 0, SEEK_CUR) or croak "seek: $!";
-	truncate $fh, $offset or croak "truncate: $!";
-}
-
-sub mkfile {
-	my ($path) = @_;
-	unless (-e $path) {
-		my ($dir, $base) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
-		open my $fh, '>>', $path or die "Couldn't create $path: $!\n";
-		close $fh or die "Couldn't close (create) $path: $!\n";
-	}
-}
-
-sub rev_map_set {
-	my ($self, $rev, $commit, $update_ref, $uuid) = @_;
-	defined $commit or die "missing arg3\n";
-	length $commit == 40 or die "arg3 must be a full SHA1 hexsum\n";
-	my $db = $self->map_path($uuid);
-	my $db_lock = "$db.lock";
-	my $sig;
-	$update_ref ||= 0;
-	if ($update_ref) {
-		$SIG{INT} = $SIG{HUP} = $SIG{TERM} = $SIG{ALRM} = $SIG{PIPE} =
-		            $SIG{USR1} = $SIG{USR2} = sub { $sig = $_[0] };
-	}
-	mkfile($db);
-
-	$LOCKFILES{$db_lock} = 1;
-	my $sync;
-	# both of these options make our .rev_db file very, very important
-	# and we can't afford to lose it because rebuild() won't work
-	if ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata) {
-		$sync = 1;
-		copy($db, $db_lock) or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
-					   "Failed to copy: ",
-					   "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
-	} else {
-		rename $db, $db_lock or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
-					    "Failed to rename: ",
-					    "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
-	}
-
-	sysopen(my $fh, $db_lock, O_RDWR | O_CREAT)
-	     or croak "Couldn't open $db_lock: $!\n";
-	$update_ref eq 'reset' ? _rev_map_reset($fh, $rev, $commit) :
-				 _rev_map_set($fh, $rev, $commit);
-	if ($sync) {
-		$fh->flush or die "Couldn't flush $db_lock: $!\n";
-		$fh->sync or die "Couldn't sync $db_lock: $!\n";
-	}
-	close $fh or croak $!;
-	if ($update_ref) {
-		$_head = $self;
-		my $note = "";
-		$note = " ($update_ref)" if ($update_ref !~ /^\d*$/);
-		command_noisy('update-ref', '-m', "r$rev$note",
-		              $self->refname, $commit);
-	}
-	rename $db_lock, $db or die "rev_map_set(@_): ", "Failed to rename: ",
-	                            "$db_lock => $db ($!)\n";
-	delete $LOCKFILES{$db_lock};
-	if ($update_ref) {
-		$SIG{INT} = $SIG{HUP} = $SIG{TERM} = $SIG{ALRM} = $SIG{PIPE} =
-		            $SIG{USR1} = $SIG{USR2} = 'DEFAULT';
-		kill $sig, $$ if defined $sig;
-	}
-}
-
-# If want_commit, this will return an array of (rev, commit) where
-# commit _must_ be a valid commit in the archive.
-# Otherwise, it'll return the max revision (whether or not the
-# commit is valid or just a 0x40 placeholder).
-sub rev_map_max {
-	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
-	$self->rebuild;
-	my ($r, $c) = $self->rev_map_max_norebuild($want_commit);
-	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
-}
-
-sub rev_map_max_norebuild {
-	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
-	stat $map_path or return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
-	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
-	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
-
-	if ($size == 0) {
-		close $fh or croak "close: $!";
-		return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
-	}
-
-	sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-	sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
-	my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-	if ($want_commit && $c eq ('0' x40)) {
-		if ($size < 48) {
-			return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
-		}
-		sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
-		sysread($fh, $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
-		($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-		if ($c eq ('0'x40)) {
-			croak "Penultimate record is all-zeroes in $map_path";
-		}
-	}
-	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
-	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
-}
-
-sub rev_map_get {
-	my ($self, $rev, $uuid) = @_;
-	my $map_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
-	return undef unless -e $map_path;
-
-	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
-	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
-	close($fh) or croak "close: $!";
-	$c
-}
-
-sub _rev_map_get {
-	my ($fh, $rev) = @_;
-
-	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
-	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
-	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
-
-	if ($size == 0) {
-		return undef;
-	}
-
-	my ($l, $u) = (0, $size - 24);
-	my ($r, $c, $buf);
-
-	while ($l <= $u) {
-		my $i = int(($l/24 + $u/24) / 2) * 24;
-		sysseek($fh, $i, SEEK_SET) or croak "seek: $!";
-		sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
-		my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
-
-		if ($r < $rev) {
-			$l = $i + 24;
-		} elsif ($r > $rev) {
-			$u = $i - 24;
-		} else { # $r == $rev
-			return $c eq ('0' x 40) ? undef : $c;
-		}
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
-# before $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any lower
-# than $min_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
-# if found, else (undef, undef).
-sub find_rev_before {
-	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $min_rev) = @_;
-	--$rev unless $eq_ok;
-	$min_rev ||= 1;
-	my $max_rev = $self->rev_map_max;
-	$rev = $max_rev if ($rev > $max_rev);
-	while ($rev >= $min_rev) {
-		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
-			return ($rev, $c);
-		}
-		--$rev;
-	}
-	return (undef, undef);
-}
-
-# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
-# after $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any higher
-# than $max_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
-# if found, else (undef, undef).
-sub find_rev_after {
-	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $max_rev) = @_;
-	++$rev unless $eq_ok;
-	$max_rev ||= $self->rev_map_max;
-	while ($rev <= $max_rev) {
-		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
-			return ($rev, $c);
-		}
-		++$rev;
-	}
-	return (undef, undef);
-}
-
-sub _new {
-	my ($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path) = @_;
-	unless (defined $repo_id && length $repo_id) {
-		$repo_id = $Git::SVN::default_repo_id;
-	}
-	unless (defined $ref_id && length $ref_id) {
-		$_prefix = '' unless defined($_prefix);
-		$_[2] = $ref_id =
-		             "refs/remotes/$_prefix$Git::SVN::default_ref_id";
-	}
-	$_[1] = $repo_id;
-	my $dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$ref_id";
-
-	# Older repos imported by us used $GIT_DIR/svn/foo instead of
-	# $GIT_DIR/svn/refs/remotes/foo when tracking refs/remotes/foo
-	if ($ref_id =~ m{^refs/remotes/(.*)}) {
-		my $old_dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$1";
-		if (-d $old_dir && ! -d $dir) {
-			$dir = $old_dir;
-		}
-	}
-
-	$_[3] = $path = '' unless (defined $path);
-	mkpath([$dir]);
-	bless {
-		ref_id => $ref_id, dir => $dir, index => "$dir/index",
-	        path => $path, config => "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config",
-	        map_root => "$dir/.rev_map", repo_id => $repo_id }, $class;
-}
-
-# for read-only access of old .rev_db formats
-sub unlink_rev_db_symlink {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $link = $self->rev_db_path;
-	$link =~ s/\.[\w-]+$// or croak "missing UUID at the end of $link";
-	if (-l $link) {
-		unlink $link or croak "unlink: $link failed!";
-	}
-}
-
-sub rev_db_path {
-	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
-	my $db_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
-	$db_path =~ s{/\.rev_map\.}{/\.rev_db\.}
-	    or croak "map_path: $db_path does not contain '/.rev_map.' !";
-	$db_path;
-}
-
-# the new replacement for .rev_db
-sub map_path {
-	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
-	$uuid ||= $self->ra_uuid;
-	"$self->{map_root}.$uuid";
-}
-
-sub uri_encode {
-	my ($f) = @_;
-	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))#eg;
-	$f
-}
-
-sub uri_decode {
-	my ($f) = @_;
-	$f =~ s#%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})#chr(hex($1))#eg;
-	$f
-}
-
-sub remove_username {
-	$_[0] =~ s{^([^:]*://)[^@]+@}{$1};
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::Prompt;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-require SVN::Core;
-use vars qw/$_no_auth_cache $_username/;
-
-sub simple {
-	my ($cred, $realm, $default_username, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
-	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
-	$default_username = $_username if defined $_username;
-	if (defined $default_username && length $default_username) {
-		if (defined $realm && length $realm) {
-			print STDERR "Authentication realm: $realm\n";
-			STDERR->flush;
-		}
-		$cred->username($default_username);
-	} else {
-		username($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool);
-	}
-	$cred->password(_read_password("Password for '" .
-	                               $cred->username . "': ", $realm));
-	$cred->may_save($may_save);
-	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-sub ssl_server_trust {
-	my ($cred, $realm, $failures, $cert_info, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
-	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
-	print STDERR "Error validating server certificate for '$realm':\n";
-	{
-		no warnings 'once';
-		# All variables SVN::Auth::SSL::* are used only once,
-		# so we're shutting up Perl warnings about this.
-		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::UNKNOWNCA) {
-			print STDERR " - The certificate is not issued ",
-			    "by a trusted authority. Use the\n",
-			    "   fingerprint to validate ",
-			    "the certificate manually!\n";
-		}
-		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::CNMISMATCH) {
-			print STDERR " - The certificate hostname ",
-			    "does not match.\n";
-		}
-		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::NOTYETVALID) {
-			print STDERR " - The certificate is not yet valid.\n";
-		}
-		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::EXPIRED) {
-			print STDERR " - The certificate has expired.\n";
-		}
-		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::OTHER) {
-			print STDERR " - The certificate has ",
-			    "an unknown error.\n";
-		}
-	} # no warnings 'once'
-	printf STDERR
-	        "Certificate information:\n".
-	        " - Hostname: %s\n".
-	        " - Valid: from %s until %s\n".
-	        " - Issuer: %s\n".
-	        " - Fingerprint: %s\n",
-	        map $cert_info->$_, qw(hostname valid_from valid_until
-	                               issuer_dname fingerprint);
-	my $choice;
-prompt:
-	print STDERR $may_save ?
-	      "(R)eject, accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently? " :
-	      "(R)eject or accept (t)emporarily? ";
-	STDERR->flush;
-	$choice = lc(substr(<STDIN> || 'R', 0, 1));
-	if ($choice =~ /^t$/i) {
-		$cred->may_save(undef);
-	} elsif ($choice =~ /^r$/i) {
-		return -1;
-	} elsif ($may_save && $choice =~ /^p$/i) {
-		$cred->may_save($may_save);
-	} else {
-		goto prompt;
-	}
-	$cred->accepted_failures($failures);
-	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-sub ssl_client_cert {
-	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
-	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
-	print STDERR "Client certificate filename: ";
-	STDERR->flush;
-	chomp(my $filename = <STDIN>);
-	$cred->cert_file($filename);
-	$cred->may_save($may_save);
-	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-sub ssl_client_cert_pw {
-	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
-	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
-	$cred->password(_read_password("Password: ", $realm));
-	$cred->may_save($may_save);
-	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-sub username {
-	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
-	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
-	if (defined $realm && length $realm) {
-		print STDERR "Authentication realm: $realm\n";
-	}
-	my $username;
-	if (defined $_username) {
-		$username = $_username;
-	} else {
-		print STDERR "Username: ";
-		STDERR->flush;
-		chomp($username = <STDIN>);
-	}
-	$cred->username($username);
-	$cred->may_save($may_save);
-	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
-}
-
-sub _read_password {
-	my ($prompt, $realm) = @_;
-	my $password = '';
-	if (exists $ENV{GIT_ASKPASS}) {
-		open(PH, "-|", $ENV{GIT_ASKPASS}, $prompt);
-		$password = <PH>;
-		$password =~ s/[\012\015]//; # \n\r
-		close(PH);
-	} else {
-		print STDERR $prompt;
-		STDERR->flush;
-		require Term::ReadKey;
-		Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
-		while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
-			last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
-			$password .= $key;
-		}
-		Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
-		print STDERR "\n";
-		STDERR->flush;
-	}
-	$password;
-}
-
-package SVN::Git::Fetcher;
-use vars qw/@ISA $_ignore_regex $_preserve_empty_dirs $_placeholder_filename
-            @deleted_gpath %added_placeholder $repo_id/;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use File::Basename qw/dirname/;
-use IO::File qw//;
-
-# file baton members: path, mode_a, mode_b, pool, fh, blob, base
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $git_svn, $switch_path) = @_;
-	my $self = SVN::Delta::Editor->new;
-	bless $self, $class;
-	if (exists $git_svn->{last_commit}) {
-		$self->{c} = $git_svn->{last_commit};
-		$self->{empty_symlinks} =
-		                  _mark_empty_symlinks($git_svn, $switch_path);
-	}
-
-	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
-	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
-	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
-	$repo_id = $git_svn->{repo_id};
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.ignore-paths";
-	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
-	$self->{ignore_regex} = $v;
-
-	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.preserve-empty-dirs";
-	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', '--bool', $k) };
-	if ($v && $v eq 'true') {
-		$_preserve_empty_dirs = 1;
-		$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.placeholder-filename";
-		$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
-		$_placeholder_filename = $v;
-	}
-
-	# Load the list of placeholder files added during previous invocations.
-	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.added-placeholder";
-	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get-all', $k) };
-	if ($_preserve_empty_dirs && $v) {
-		# command() prints errors to stderr, so we only call it if
-		# command_oneline() succeeded.
-		my @v = command('config', '--get-all', $k);
-		$added_placeholder{ dirname($_) } = $_ foreach @v;
-	}
-
-	$self->{empty} = {};
-	$self->{dir_prop} = {};
-	$self->{file_prop} = {};
-	$self->{absent_dir} = {};
-	$self->{absent_file} = {};
-	$self->{gii} = $git_svn->tmp_index_do(sub { Git::IndexInfo->new });
-	$self->{pathnameencoding} = Git::config('svn.pathnameencoding');
-	$self;
-}
-
-# this uses the Ra object, so it must be called before do_{switch,update},
-# not inside them (when the Git::SVN::Fetcher object is passed) to
-# do_{switch,update}
-sub _mark_empty_symlinks {
-	my ($git_svn, $switch_path) = @_;
-	my $bool = Git::config_bool('svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround');
-	return {} if (!defined($bool)) || (defined($bool) && ! $bool);
-
-	my %ret;
-	my ($rev, $cmt) = $git_svn->last_rev_commit;
-	return {} unless ($rev && $cmt);
-
-	# allow the warning to be printed for each revision we fetch to
-	# ensure the user sees it.  The user can also disable the workaround
-	# on the repository even while git svn is running and the next
-	# revision fetched will skip this expensive function.
-	my $printed_warning;
-	chomp(my $empty_blob = `git hash-object -t blob --stdin < /dev/null`);
-	my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree -r -z/, $cmt);
-	local $/ = "\0";
-	my $pfx = defined($switch_path) ? $switch_path : $git_svn->{path};
-	$pfx .= '/' if length($pfx);
-	while (<$ls>) {
-		chomp;
-		s/\A100644 blob $empty_blob\t//o or next;
-		unless ($printed_warning) {
-			print STDERR "Scanning for empty symlinks, ",
-			             "this may take a while if you have ",
-				     "many empty files\n",
-				     "You may disable this with `",
-				     "git config svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround ",
-				     "false'.\n",
-				     "This may be done in a different ",
-				     "terminal without restarting ",
-				     "git svn\n";
-			$printed_warning = 1;
-		}
-		my $path = $_;
-		my (undef, $props) =
-		               $git_svn->ra->get_file($pfx.$path, $rev, undef);
-		if ($props->{'svn:special'}) {
-			$ret{$path} = 1;
-		}
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
-	\%ret;
-}
-
-# returns true if a given path is inside a ".git" directory
-sub in_dot_git {
-	$_[0] =~ m{(?:^|/)\.git(?:/|$)};
-}
-
-# return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
-sub is_path_ignored {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	return 1 if in_dot_git($path);
-	return 1 if defined($self->{ignore_regex}) &&
-	            $path =~ m!$self->{ignore_regex}!;
-	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_regex);
-	return 1 if $path =~ m!$_ignore_regex!o;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sub set_path_strip {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	$self->{path_strip} = qr/^\Q$path\E(\/|$)/ if length $path;
-}
-
-sub open_root {
-	{ path => '' };
-}
-
-sub open_directory {
-	my ($self, $path, $pb, $rev) = @_;
-	{ path => $path };
-}
-
-sub git_path {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	if (my $enc = $self->{pathnameencoding}) {
-		require Encode;
-		Encode::from_to($path, 'UTF-8', $enc);
-	}
-	if ($self->{path_strip}) {
-		$path =~ s!$self->{path_strip}!! or
-		  die "Failed to strip path '$path' ($self->{path_strip})\n";
-	}
-	$path;
-}
-
-sub delete_entry {
-	my ($self, $path, $rev, $pb) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
-
-	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
-	return undef if ($gpath eq '');
-
-	# remove entire directories.
-	my ($tree) = (command('ls-tree', '-z', $self->{c}, "./$gpath")
-	                 =~ /\A040000 tree ([a-f\d]{40})\t\Q$gpath\E\0/);
-	if ($tree) {
-		my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree
-		                                     -r --name-only -z/,
-				                     $tree);
-		local $/ = "\0";
-		while (<$ls>) {
-			chomp;
-			my $rmpath = "$gpath/$_";
-			$self->{gii}->remove($rmpath);
-			print "\tD\t$rmpath\n" unless $::_q;
-		}
-		print "\tD\t$gpath/\n" unless $::_q;
-		command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
-	} else {
-		$self->{gii}->remove($gpath);
-		print "\tD\t$gpath\n" unless $::_q;
-	}
-	# Don't add to @deleted_gpath if we're deleting a placeholder file.
-	push @deleted_gpath, $gpath unless $added_placeholder{dirname($path)};
-	$self->{empty}->{$path} = 0;
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub open_file {
-	my ($self, $path, $pb, $rev) = @_;
-	my ($mode, $blob);
-
-	goto out if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
-
-	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
-	($mode, $blob) = (command('ls-tree', '-z', $self->{c}, "./$gpath")
-	                     =~ /\A(\d{6}) blob ([a-f\d]{40})\t\Q$gpath\E\0/);
-	unless (defined $mode && defined $blob) {
-		die "$path was not found in commit $self->{c} (r$rev)\n";
-	}
-	if ($mode eq '100644' && $self->{empty_symlinks}->{$path}) {
-		$mode = '120000';
-	}
-out:
-	{ path => $path, mode_a => $mode, mode_b => $mode, blob => $blob,
-	  pool => SVN::Pool->new, action => 'M' };
-}
-
-sub add_file {
-	my ($self, $path, $pb, $cp_path, $cp_rev) = @_;
-	my $mode;
-
-	if (!$self->is_path_ignored($path)) {
-		my ($dir, $file) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-		delete $self->{empty}->{$dir};
-		$mode = '100644';
-
-		if ($added_placeholder{$dir}) {
-			# Remove our placeholder file, if we created one.
-			delete_entry($self, $added_placeholder{$dir})
-				unless $path eq $added_placeholder{$dir};
-			delete $added_placeholder{$dir}
-		}
-	}
-
-	{ path => $path, mode_a => $mode, mode_b => $mode,
-	  pool => SVN::Pool->new, action => 'A' };
-}
-
-sub add_directory {
-	my ($self, $path, $cp_path, $cp_rev) = @_;
-	goto out if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
-	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
-	if ($gpath eq '') {
-		my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree
-		                                     -r --name-only -z/,
-				                     $self->{c});
-		local $/ = "\0";
-		while (<$ls>) {
-			chomp;
-			$self->{gii}->remove($_);
-			print "\tD\t$_\n" unless $::_q;
-			push @deleted_gpath, $gpath;
-		}
-		command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
-		$self->{empty}->{$path} = 0;
-	}
-	my ($dir, $file) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-	delete $self->{empty}->{$dir};
-	$self->{empty}->{$path} = 1;
-
-	if ($added_placeholder{$dir}) {
-		# Remove our placeholder file, if we created one.
-		delete_entry($self, $added_placeholder{$dir});
-		delete $added_placeholder{$dir}
-	}
-
-out:
-	{ path => $path };
-}
-
-sub change_dir_prop {
-	my ($self, $db, $prop, $value) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($db->{path});
-	$self->{dir_prop}->{$db->{path}} ||= {};
-	$self->{dir_prop}->{$db->{path}}->{$prop} = $value;
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub absent_directory {
-	my ($self, $path, $pb) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
-	$self->{absent_dir}->{$pb->{path}} ||= [];
-	push @{$self->{absent_dir}->{$pb->{path}}}, $path;
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub absent_file {
-	my ($self, $path, $pb) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
-	$self->{absent_file}->{$pb->{path}} ||= [];
-	push @{$self->{absent_file}->{$pb->{path}}}, $path;
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub change_file_prop {
-	my ($self, $fb, $prop, $value) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
-	if ($prop eq 'svn:executable') {
-		if ($fb->{mode_b} != 120000) {
-			$fb->{mode_b} = defined $value ? 100755 : 100644;
-		}
-	} elsif ($prop eq 'svn:special') {
-		$fb->{mode_b} = defined $value ? 120000 : 100644;
-	} else {
-		$self->{file_prop}->{$fb->{path}} ||= {};
-		$self->{file_prop}->{$fb->{path}}->{$prop} = $value;
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub apply_textdelta {
-	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
-	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire('svn_delta');
-	# $fh gets auto-closed() by SVN::TxDelta::apply(),
-	# (but $base does not,) so dup() it for reading in close_file
-	open my $dup, '<&', $fh or croak $!;
-	my $base = $::_repository->temp_acquire('git_blob');
-
-	if ($fb->{blob}) {
-		my ($base_is_link, $size);
-
-		if ($fb->{mode_a} eq '120000' &&
-		    ! $self->{empty_symlinks}->{$fb->{path}}) {
-			print $base 'link ' or die "print $!\n";
-			$base_is_link = 1;
-		}
-	retry:
-		$size = $::_repository->cat_blob($fb->{blob}, $base);
-		die "Failed to read object $fb->{blob}" if ($size < 0);
-
-		if (defined $exp) {
-			seek $base, 0, 0 or croak $!;
-			my $got = ::md5sum($base);
-			if ($got ne $exp) {
-				my $err = "Checksum mismatch: ".
-				       "$fb->{path} $fb->{blob}\n" .
-				       "expected: $exp\n" .
-				       "     got: $got\n";
-				if ($base_is_link) {
-					warn $err,
-					     "Retrying... (possibly ",
-					     "a bad symlink from SVN)\n";
-					$::_repository->temp_reset($base);
-					$base_is_link = 0;
-					goto retry;
-				}
-				die $err;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	seek $base, 0, 0 or croak $!;
-	$fb->{fh} = $fh;
-	$fb->{base} = $base;
-	[ SVN::TxDelta::apply($base, $dup, undef, $fb->{path}, $fb->{pool}) ];
-}
-
-sub close_file {
-	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
-	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
-
-	my $hash;
-	my $path = $self->git_path($fb->{path});
-	if (my $fh = $fb->{fh}) {
-		if (defined $exp) {
-			seek($fh, 0, 0) or croak $!;
-			my $got = ::md5sum($fh);
-			if ($got ne $exp) {
-				die "Checksum mismatch: $path\n",
-				    "expected: $exp\n    got: $got\n";
-			}
-		}
-		if ($fb->{mode_b} == 120000) {
-			sysseek($fh, 0, 0) or croak $!;
-			my $rd = sysread($fh, my $buf, 5);
-
-			if (!defined $rd) {
-				croak "sysread: $!\n";
-			} elsif ($rd == 0) {
-				warn "$path has mode 120000",
-				     " but it points to nothing\n",
-				     "converting to an empty file with mode",
-				     " 100644\n";
-				$fb->{mode_b} = '100644';
-			} elsif ($buf ne 'link ') {
-				warn "$path has mode 120000",
-				     " but is not a link\n";
-			} else {
-				my $tmp_fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire(
-					'svn_hash');
-				my $res;
-				while ($res = sysread($fh, my $str, 1024)) {
-					my $out = syswrite($tmp_fh, $str, $res);
-					defined($out) && $out == $res
-						or croak("write ",
-							Git::temp_path($tmp_fh),
-							": $!\n");
-				}
-				defined $res or croak $!;
-
-				($fh, $tmp_fh) = ($tmp_fh, $fh);
-				Git::temp_release($tmp_fh, 1);
-			}
-		}
-
-		$hash = $::_repository->hash_and_insert_object(
-				Git::temp_path($fh));
-		$hash =~ /^[a-f\d]{40}$/ or die "not a sha1: $hash\n";
-
-		Git::temp_release($fb->{base}, 1);
-		Git::temp_release($fh, 1);
-	} else {
-		$hash = $fb->{blob} or die "no blob information\n";
-	}
-	$fb->{pool}->clear;
-	$self->{gii}->update($fb->{mode_b}, $hash, $path) or croak $!;
-	print "\t$fb->{action}\t$path\n" if $fb->{action} && ! $::_q;
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub abort_edit {
-	my $self = shift;
-	$self->{nr} = $self->{gii}->{nr};
-	delete $self->{gii};
-	$self->SUPER::abort_edit(@_);
-}
-
-sub close_edit {
-	my $self = shift;
-
-	if ($_preserve_empty_dirs) {
-		my @empty_dirs;
-
-		# Any entry flagged as empty that also has an associated
-		# dir_prop represents a newly created empty directory.
-		foreach my $i (keys %{$self->{empty}}) {
-			push @empty_dirs, $i if exists $self->{dir_prop}->{$i};
-		}
-
-		# Search for directories that have become empty due subsequent
-		# file deletes.
-		push @empty_dirs, $self->find_empty_directories();
-
-		# Finally, add a placeholder file to each empty directory.
-		$self->add_placeholder_file($_) foreach (@empty_dirs);
-
-		$self->stash_placeholder_list();
-	}
-
-	$self->{git_commit_ok} = 1;
-	$self->{nr} = $self->{gii}->{nr};
-	delete $self->{gii};
-	$self->SUPER::close_edit(@_);
-}
-
-sub find_empty_directories {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my @empty_dirs;
-	my %dirs = map { dirname($_) => 1 } @deleted_gpath;
-
-	foreach my $dir (sort keys %dirs) {
-		next if $dir eq ".";
-
-		# If there have been any additions to this directory, there is
-		# no reason to check if it is empty.
-		my $skip_added = 0;
-		foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
-			foreach my $path (keys %{ $self->{$t} }) {
-				if (exists $self->{$t}->{dirname($path)}) {
-					$skip_added = 1;
-					last;
-				}
-			}
-			last if $skip_added;
-		}
-		next if $skip_added;
-
-		# Use `git ls-tree` to get the filenames of this directory
-		# that existed prior to this particular commit.
-		my $ls = command('ls-tree', '-z', '--name-only',
-				 $self->{c}, "$dir/");
-		my %files = map { $_ => 1 } split(/\0/, $ls);
-
-		# Remove the filenames that were deleted during this commit.
-		delete $files{$_} foreach (@deleted_gpath);
-
-		# Report the directory if there are no filenames left.
-		push @empty_dirs, $dir unless (scalar %files);
-	}
-	@empty_dirs;
-}
-
-sub add_placeholder_file {
-	my ($self, $dir) = @_;
-	my $path = "$dir/$_placeholder_filename";
-	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
-
-	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire($gpath);
-	my $hash = $::_repository->hash_and_insert_object(Git::temp_path($fh));
-	Git::temp_release($fh, 1);
-	$self->{gii}->update('100644', $hash, $gpath) or croak $!;
-
-	# The directory should no longer be considered empty.
-	delete $self->{empty}->{$dir} if exists $self->{empty}->{$dir};
-
-	# Keep track of any placeholder files we create.
-	$added_placeholder{$dir} = $path;
-}
-
-sub stash_placeholder_list {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.added-placeholder";
-	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get-all', $k) };
-	command_noisy('config', '--unset-all', $k) if $v;
-	foreach (values %added_placeholder) {
-		command_noisy('config', '--add', $k, $_);
-	}
-}
-
-package SVN::Git::Editor;
-use vars qw/@ISA $_rmdir $_cp_similarity $_find_copies_harder $_rename_limit/;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use IO::File;
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $opts) = @_;
-	foreach (qw/svn_path r ra tree_a tree_b log editor_cb/) {
-		die "$_ required!\n" unless (defined $opts->{$_});
-	}
-
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-	my $mods = generate_diff($opts->{tree_a}, $opts->{tree_b});
-	my $types = check_diff_paths($opts->{ra}, $opts->{svn_path},
-	                             $opts->{r}, $mods);
-
-	# $opts->{ra} functions should not be used after this:
-	my @ce  = $opts->{ra}->get_commit_editor($opts->{log},
-	                                        $opts->{editor_cb}, $pool);
-	my $self = SVN::Delta::Editor->new(@ce, $pool);
-	bless $self, $class;
-	foreach (qw/svn_path r tree_a tree_b/) {
-		$self->{$_} = $opts->{$_};
-	}
-	$self->{url} = $opts->{ra}->{url};
-	$self->{mods} = $mods;
-	$self->{types} = $types;
-	$self->{pool} = $pool;
-	$self->{bat} = { '' => $self->open_root($self->{r}, $self->{pool}) };
-	$self->{rm} = { };
-	$self->{path_prefix} = length $self->{svn_path} ?
-	                       "$self->{svn_path}/" : '';
-	$self->{config} = $opts->{config};
-	$self->{mergeinfo} = $opts->{mergeinfo};
-	return $self;
-}
-
-sub generate_diff {
-	my ($tree_a, $tree_b) = @_;
-	my @diff_tree = qw(diff-tree -z -r);
-	if ($_cp_similarity) {
-		push @diff_tree, "-C$_cp_similarity";
-	} else {
-		push @diff_tree, '-C';
-	}
-	push @diff_tree, '--find-copies-harder' if $_find_copies_harder;
-	push @diff_tree, "-l$_rename_limit" if defined $_rename_limit;
-	push @diff_tree, $tree_a, $tree_b;
-	my ($diff_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@diff_tree);
-	local $/ = "\0";
-	my $state = 'meta';
-	my @mods;
-	while (<$diff_fh>) {
-		chomp $_; # this gets rid of the trailing "\0"
-		if ($state eq 'meta' && /^:(\d{6})\s(\d{6})\s
-					($::sha1)\s($::sha1)\s
-					([MTCRAD])\d*$/xo) {
-			push @mods, {	mode_a => $1, mode_b => $2,
-					sha1_a => $3, sha1_b => $4,
-					chg => $5 };
-			if ($5 =~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
-				$state = 'file_a';
-			} else {
-				$state = 'file_b';
-			}
-		} elsif ($state eq 'file_a') {
-			my $x = $mods[$#mods] or croak "Empty array\n";
-			if ($x->{chg} !~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
-				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
-			}
-			$x->{file_a} = $_;
-			$state = 'file_b';
-		} elsif ($state eq 'file_b') {
-			my $x = $mods[$#mods] or croak "Empty array\n";
-			if (exists $x->{file_a} && $x->{chg} !~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
-				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
-			}
-			if (!exists $x->{file_a} && $x->{chg} =~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
-				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
-			}
-			$x->{file_b} = $_;
-			$state = 'meta';
-		} else {
-			croak "Error parsing $_\n";
-		}
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($diff_fh, $ctx);
-	\@mods;
-}
-
-sub check_diff_paths {
-	my ($ra, $pfx, $rev, $mods) = @_;
-	my %types;
-	$pfx .= '/' if length $pfx;
-
-	sub type_diff_paths {
-		my ($ra, $types, $path, $rev) = @_;
-		my @p = split m#/+#, $path;
-		my $c = shift @p;
-		unless (defined $types->{$c}) {
-			$types->{$c} = $ra->check_path($c, $rev);
-		}
-		while (@p) {
-			$c .= '/' . shift @p;
-			next if defined $types->{$c};
-			$types->{$c} = $ra->check_path($c, $rev);
-		}
-	}
-
-	foreach my $m (@$mods) {
-		foreach my $f (qw/file_a file_b/) {
-			next unless defined $m->{$f};
-			my ($dir) = ($m->{$f} =~ m#^(.*?)/?(?:[^/]+)$#);
-			if (length $pfx.$dir && ! defined $types{$dir}) {
-				type_diff_paths($ra, \%types, $pfx.$dir, $rev);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	\%types;
-}
-
-sub split_path {
-	return ($_[0] =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
-}
-
-sub repo_path {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	if (my $enc = $self->{pathnameencoding}) {
-		require Encode;
-		Encode::from_to($path, $enc, 'UTF-8');
-	}
-	$self->{path_prefix}.(defined $path ? $path : '');
-}
-
-sub url_path {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	if ($self->{url} =~ m#^https?://#) {
-		$path =~ s!([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./-])!uc sprintf("%%%02x",ord($1))!eg;
-	}
-	$self->{url} . '/' . $self->repo_path($path);
-}
-
-sub rmdirs {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $rm = $self->{rm};
-	delete $rm->{''}; # we never delete the url we're tracking
-	return unless %$rm;
-
-	foreach (keys %$rm) {
-		my @d = split m#/#, $_;
-		my $c = shift @d;
-		$rm->{$c} = 1;
-		while (@d) {
-			$c .= '/' . shift @d;
-			$rm->{$c} = 1;
-		}
-	}
-	delete $rm->{$self->{svn_path}};
-	delete $rm->{''}; # we never delete the url we're tracking
-	return unless %$rm;
-
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree --name-only -r -z/,
-	                                     $self->{tree_b});
-	local $/ = "\0";
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		chomp;
-		my @dn = split m#/#, $_;
-		while (pop @dn) {
-			delete $rm->{join '/', @dn};
-		}
-		unless (%$rm) {
-			close $fh;
-			return;
-		}
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-
-	my ($r, $p, $bat) = ($self->{r}, $self->{pool}, $self->{bat});
-	foreach my $d (sort { $b =~ tr#/#/# <=> $a =~ tr#/#/# } keys %$rm) {
-		$self->close_directory($bat->{$d}, $p);
-		my ($dn) = ($d =~ m#^(.*?)/?(?:[^/]+)$#);
-		print "\tD+\t$d/\n" unless $::_q;
-		$self->SUPER::delete_entry($d, $r, $bat->{$dn}, $p);
-		delete $bat->{$d};
-	}
-}
-
-sub open_or_add_dir {
-	my ($self, $full_path, $baton, $deletions) = @_;
-	my $t = $self->{types}->{$full_path};
-	if (!defined $t) {
-		die "$full_path not known in r$self->{r} or we have a bug!\n";
-	}
-	{
-		no warnings 'once';
-		# SVN::Node::none and SVN::Node::file are used only once,
-		# so we're shutting up Perl's warnings about them.
-		if ($t == $SVN::Node::none || defined($deletions->{$full_path})) {
-			return $self->add_directory($full_path, $baton,
-			    undef, -1, $self->{pool});
-		} elsif ($t == $SVN::Node::dir) {
-			return $self->open_directory($full_path, $baton,
-			    $self->{r}, $self->{pool});
-		} # no warnings 'once'
-		print STDERR "$full_path already exists in repository at ",
-		    "r$self->{r} and it is not a directory (",
-		    ($t == $SVN::Node::file ? 'file' : 'unknown'),"/$t)\n";
-	} # no warnings 'once'
-	exit 1;
-}
-
-sub ensure_path {
-	my ($self, $path, $deletions) = @_;
-	my $bat = $self->{bat};
-	my $repo_path = $self->repo_path($path);
-	return $bat->{''} unless (length $repo_path);
-
-	my @p = split m#/+#, $repo_path;
-	my $c = shift @p;
-	$bat->{$c} ||= $self->open_or_add_dir($c, $bat->{''}, $deletions);
-	while (@p) {
-		my $c0 = $c;
-		$c .= '/' . shift @p;
-		$bat->{$c} ||= $self->open_or_add_dir($c, $bat->{$c0}, $deletions);
-	}
-	return $bat->{$c};
-}
-
-# Subroutine to convert a globbing pattern to a regular expression.
-# From perl cookbook.
-sub glob2pat {
-	my $globstr = shift;
-	my %patmap = ('*' => '.*', '?' => '.', '[' => '[', ']' => ']');
-	$globstr =~ s{(.)} { $patmap{$1} || "\Q$1" }ge;
-	return '^' . $globstr . '$';
-}
-
-sub check_autoprop {
-	my ($self, $pattern, $properties, $file, $fbat) = @_;
-	# Convert the globbing pattern to a regular expression.
-	my $regex = glob2pat($pattern);
-	# Check if the pattern matches the file name.
-	if($file =~ m/($regex)/) {
-		# Parse the list of properties to set.
-		my @props = split(/;/, $properties);
-		foreach my $prop (@props) {
-			# Parse 'name=value' syntax and set the property.
-			if ($prop =~ /([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
-				my ($n,$v) = ($1,$2);
-				for ($n, $v) {
-					s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//;
-				}
-				$self->change_file_prop($fbat, $n, $v);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub apply_autoprops {
-	my ($self, $file, $fbat) = @_;
-	my $conf_t = ${$self->{config}}{'config'};
-	no warnings 'once';
-	# Check [miscellany]/enable-auto-props in svn configuration.
-	if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool(
-		$conf_t,
-		$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_MISCELLANY,
-		$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_ENABLE_AUTO_PROPS,
-		0)) {
-		# Auto-props are enabled.  Enumerate them to look for matches.
-		my $callback = sub {
-			$self->check_autoprop($_[0], $_[1], $file, $fbat);
-		};
-		SVN::_Core::svn_config_enumerate(
-			$conf_t,
-			$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTO_PROPS,
-			$callback);
-	}
-}
-
-sub A {
-	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
-	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
-	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
-					undef, -1);
-	print "\tA\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
-	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
-	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
-	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub C {
-	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
-	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
-	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
-				$self->url_path($m->{file_a}), $self->{r});
-	print "\tC\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
-	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
-	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub delete_entry {
-	my ($self, $path, $pbat) = @_;
-	my $rpath = $self->repo_path($path);
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($rpath);
-	$self->{rm}->{$dir} = 1;
-	$self->SUPER::delete_entry($rpath, $self->{r}, $pbat, $self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub R {
-	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
-	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
-	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
-				$self->url_path($m->{file_a}), $self->{r});
-	print "\tR\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
-	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
-	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
-	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
-
-	($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_a});
-	$pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
-	$self->delete_entry($m->{file_a}, $pbat);
-}
-
-sub M {
-	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
-	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
-	my $fbat = $self->open_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}),
-				$pbat,$self->{r},$self->{pool});
-	print "\t$m->{chg}\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
-	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
-	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub T { shift->M(@_) }
-
-sub change_file_prop {
-	my ($self, $fbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
-	$self->SUPER::change_file_prop($fbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub change_dir_prop {
-	my ($self, $pbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
-	$self->SUPER::change_dir_prop($pbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub _chg_file_get_blob ($$$$) {
-	my ($self, $fbat, $m, $which) = @_;
-	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire("git_blob_$which");
-	if ($m->{"mode_$which"} =~ /^120/) {
-		print $fh 'link ' or croak $!;
-		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:special','*');
-	} elsif ($m->{mode_a} =~ /^120/ && $m->{"mode_$which"} !~ /^120/) {
-		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:special',undef);
-	}
-	my $blob = $m->{"sha1_$which"};
-	return ($fh,) if ($blob =~ /^0{40}$/);
-	my $size = $::_repository->cat_blob($blob, $fh);
-	croak "Failed to read object $blob" if ($size < 0);
-	$fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
-	seek $fh, 0, 0 or croak $!;
-
-	my $exp = ::md5sum($fh);
-	seek $fh, 0, 0 or croak $!;
-	return ($fh, $exp);
-}
-
-sub chg_file {
-	my ($self, $fbat, $m) = @_;
-	if ($m->{mode_b} =~ /755$/ && $m->{mode_a} !~ /755$/) {
-		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:executable','*');
-	} elsif ($m->{mode_b} !~ /755$/ && $m->{mode_a} =~ /755$/) {
-		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:executable',undef);
-	}
-	my ($fh_a, $exp_a) = _chg_file_get_blob $self, $fbat, $m, 'a';
-	my ($fh_b, $exp_b) = _chg_file_get_blob $self, $fbat, $m, 'b';
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-	my $atd = $self->apply_textdelta($fbat, $exp_a, $pool);
-	if (-s $fh_a) {
-		my $txstream = SVN::TxDelta::new ($fh_a, $fh_b, $pool);
-		my $res = SVN::TxDelta::send_txstream($txstream, @$atd, $pool);
-		if (defined $res) {
-			die "Unexpected result from send_txstream: $res\n",
-			    "(SVN::Core::VERSION: $SVN::Core::VERSION)\n";
-		}
-	} else {
-		my $got = SVN::TxDelta::send_stream($fh_b, @$atd, $pool);
-		die "Checksum mismatch\nexpected: $exp_b\ngot: $got\n"
-		    if ($got ne $exp_b);
-	}
-	Git::temp_release($fh_b, 1);
-	Git::temp_release($fh_a, 1);
-	$pool->clear;
-}
-
-sub D {
-	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
-	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
-	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
-	print "\tD\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
-	$self->delete_entry($m->{file_b}, $pbat);
-}
-
-sub close_edit {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my ($p,$bat) = ($self->{pool}, $self->{bat});
-	foreach (sort { $b =~ tr#/#/# <=> $a =~ tr#/#/# } keys %$bat) {
-		next if $_ eq '';
-		$self->close_directory($bat->{$_}, $p);
-	}
-	$self->close_directory($bat->{''}, $p);
-	$self->SUPER::close_edit($p);
-	$p->clear;
-}
-
-sub abort_edit {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	$self->SUPER::abort_edit($self->{pool});
-}
-
-sub DESTROY {
-	my $self = shift;
-	$self->SUPER::DESTROY(@_);
-	$self->{pool}->clear;
-}
-
-# this drives the editor
-sub apply_diff {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	my $mods = $self->{mods};
-	my %o = ( D => 0, C => 1, R => 2, A => 3, M => 4, T => 5 );
-	my %deletions;
-
-	foreach my $m (@$mods) {
-		if ($m->{chg} eq "D") {
-			$deletions{$m->{file_b}} = 1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	foreach my $m (sort { $o{$a->{chg}} <=> $o{$b->{chg}} } @$mods) {
-		my $f = $m->{chg};
-		if (defined $o{$f}) {
-			$self->$f($m, \%deletions);
-		} else {
-			fatal("Invalid change type: $f");
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (defined($self->{mergeinfo})) {
-		$self->change_dir_prop($self->{bat}{''}, "svn:mergeinfo",
-			               $self->{mergeinfo});
-	}
-	$self->rmdirs if $_rmdir;
-	if (@$mods == 0 && !defined($self->{mergeinfo})) {
-		$self->abort_edit;
-	} else {
-		$self->close_edit;
-	}
-	return scalar @$mods;
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::Ra;
-use vars qw/@ISA $config_dir $_ignore_refs_regex $_log_window_size/;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-my ($ra_invalid, $can_do_switch, %ignored_err, $RA);
-
-BEGIN {
-	# enforce temporary pool usage for some simple functions
-	no strict 'refs';
-	for my $f (qw/rev_proplist get_latest_revnum get_uuid get_repos_root
-	              get_file/) {
-		my $SUPER = "SUPER::$f";
-		*$f = sub {
-			my $self = shift;
-			my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-			my @ret = $self->$SUPER(@_,$pool);
-			$pool->clear;
-			wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
-		};
-	}
-}
-
-sub _auth_providers () {
-	[
-	  SVN::Client::get_simple_provider(),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_file_provider(),
-	  SVN::Client::get_simple_prompt_provider(
-	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::simple, 2),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_file_provider(),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_prompt_provider(
-	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_client_cert, 2),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_file_provider(),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_prompt_provider(
-	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_client_cert_pw, 2),
-	  SVN::Client::get_username_provider(),
-	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_prompt_provider(
-	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_server_trust),
-	  SVN::Client::get_username_prompt_provider(
-	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::username, 2)
-	]
-}
-
-sub escape_uri_only {
-	my ($uri) = @_;
-	my @tmp;
-	foreach (split m{/}, $uri) {
-		s/([^~\w.%+-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
-		push @tmp, $_;
-	}
-	join('/', @tmp);
-}
-
-sub escape_url {
-	my ($url) = @_;
-	if ($url =~ m#^(https?)://([^/]+)(.*)$#) {
-		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, escape_uri_only($3));
-		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
-	}
-	$url;
-}
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $url) = @_;
-	$url =~ s!/+$!!;
-	return $RA if ($RA && $RA->{url} eq $url);
-
-	::_req_svn();
-
-	SVN::_Core::svn_config_ensure($config_dir, undef);
-	my ($baton, $callbacks) = SVN::Core::auth_open_helper(_auth_providers);
-	my $config = SVN::Core::config_get_config($config_dir);
-	$RA = undef;
-	my $dont_store_passwords = 1;
-	my $conf_t = ${$config}{'config'};
-	{
-		no warnings 'once';
-		# The usage of $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_* variables
-		# produces warnings that variables are used only once.
-		# I had not found the better way to shut them up, so
-		# the warnings of type 'once' are disabled in this block.
-		if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool($conf_t,
-		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTH,
-		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_STORE_PASSWORDS,
-		    1) == 0) {
-			SVN::_Core::svn_auth_set_parameter($baton,
-			    $SVN::_Core::SVN_AUTH_PARAM_DONT_STORE_PASSWORDS,
-			    bless (\$dont_store_passwords, "_p_void"));
-		}
-		if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool($conf_t,
-		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTH,
-		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_STORE_AUTH_CREDS,
-		    1) == 0) {
-			$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache = 1;
-		}
-	} # no warnings 'once'
-	my $self = SVN::Ra->new(url => escape_url($url), auth => $baton,
-	                      config => $config,
-			      pool => SVN::Pool->new,
-	                      auth_provider_callbacks => $callbacks);
-	$self->{url} = $url;
-	$self->{svn_path} = $url;
-	$self->{repos_root} = $self->get_repos_root;
-	$self->{svn_path} =~ s#^\Q$self->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
-	$self->{cache} = { check_path => { r => 0, data => {} },
-	                   get_dir => { r => 0, data => {} } };
-	$RA = bless $self, $class;
-}
-
-sub check_path {
-	my ($self, $path, $r) = @_;
-	my $cache = $self->{cache}->{check_path};
-	if ($r == $cache->{r} && exists $cache->{data}->{$path}) {
-		return $cache->{data}->{$path};
-	}
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-	my $t = $self->SUPER::check_path($path, $r, $pool);
-	$pool->clear;
-	if ($r != $cache->{r}) {
-		%{$cache->{data}} = ();
-		$cache->{r} = $r;
-	}
-	$cache->{data}->{$path} = $t;
-}
-
-sub get_dir {
-	my ($self, $dir, $r) = @_;
-	my $cache = $self->{cache}->{get_dir};
-	if ($r == $cache->{r}) {
-		if (my $x = $cache->{data}->{$dir}) {
-			return wantarray ? @$x : $x->[0];
-		}
-	}
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-	my ($d, undef, $props) = $self->SUPER::get_dir($dir, $r, $pool);
-	my %dirents = map { $_ => { kind => $d->{$_}->kind } } keys %$d;
-	$pool->clear;
-	if ($r != $cache->{r}) {
-		%{$cache->{data}} = ();
-		$cache->{r} = $r;
-	}
-	$cache->{data}->{$dir} = [ \%dirents, $r, $props ];
-	wantarray ? (\%dirents, $r, $props) : \%dirents;
-}
-
-sub DESTROY {
-	# do not call the real DESTROY since we store ourselves in $RA
-}
-
-# get_log(paths, start, end, limit,
-#         discover_changed_paths, strict_node_history, receiver)
-sub get_log {
-	my ($self, @args) = @_;
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-
-	# svn_log_changed_path_t objects passed to get_log are likely to be
-	# overwritten even if only the refs are copied to an external variable,
-	# so we should dup the structures in their entirety.  Using an
-	# externally passed pool (instead of our temporary and quickly cleared
-	# pool in Git::SVN::Ra) does not help matters at all...
-	my $receiver = pop @args;
-	my $prefix = "/".$self->{svn_path};
-	$prefix =~ s#/+($)##;
-	my $prefix_regex = qr#^\Q$prefix\E#;
-	push(@args, sub {
-		my ($paths) = $_[0];
-		return &$receiver(@_) unless $paths;
-		$_[0] = ();
-		foreach my $p (keys %$paths) {
-			my $i = $paths->{$p};
-			# Make path relative to our url, not repos_root
-			$p =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
-			my %s = map { $_ => $i->$_; }
-				qw/copyfrom_path copyfrom_rev action/;
-			if ($s{'copyfrom_path'}) {
-				$s{'copyfrom_path'} =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
-			}
-			$_[0]{$p} = \%s;
-		}
-		&$receiver(@_);
-	});
-
-
-	# the limit parameter was not supported in SVN 1.1.x, so we
-	# drop it.  Therefore, the receiver callback passed to it
-	# is made aware of this limitation by being wrapped if
-	# the limit passed to is being wrapped.
-	if ($SVN::Core::VERSION le '1.2.0') {
-		my $limit = splice(@args, 3, 1);
-		if ($limit > 0) {
-			my $receiver = pop @args;
-			push(@args, sub { &$receiver(@_) if (--$limit >= 0) });
-		}
-	}
-	my $ret = $self->SUPER::get_log(@args, $pool);
-	$pool->clear;
-	$ret;
-}
-
-sub trees_match {
-	my ($self, $url1, $rev1, $url2, $rev2) = @_;
-	my $ctx = SVN::Client->new(auth => _auth_providers);
-	my $out = IO::File->new_tmpfile;
-
-	# older SVN (1.1.x) doesn't take $pool as the last parameter for
-	# $ctx->diff(), so we'll create a default one
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new_default_sub;
-
-	$ra_invalid = 1; # this will open a new SVN::Ra connection to $url1
-	$ctx->diff([], $url1, $rev1, $url2, $rev2, 1, 1, 0, $out, $out);
-	$out->flush;
-	my $ret = (($out->stat)[7] == 0);
-	close $out or croak $!;
-
-	$ret;
-}
-
-sub get_commit_editor {
-	my ($self, $log, $cb, $pool) = @_;
-	my @lock = $SVN::Core::VERSION ge '1.2.0' ? (undef, 0) : ();
-	$self->SUPER::get_commit_editor($log, $cb, @lock, $pool);
-}
-
-sub gs_do_update {
-	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $editor) = @_;
-	my $new = ($rev_a == $rev_b);
-	my $path = $gs->{path};
-
-	if ($new && -e $gs->{index}) {
-		unlink $gs->{index} or die
-		  "Couldn't unlink index: $gs->{index}: $!\n";
-	}
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-	$editor->set_path_strip($path);
-	my (@pc) = split m#/#, $path;
-	my $reporter = $self->do_update($rev_b, (@pc ? shift @pc : ''),
-	                                1, $editor, $pool);
-	my @lock = $SVN::Core::VERSION ge '1.2.0' ? (undef) : ();
-
-	# Since we can't rely on svn_ra_reparent being available, we'll
-	# just have to do some magic with set_path to make it so
-	# we only want a partial path.
-	my $sp = '';
-	my $final = join('/', @pc);
-	while (@pc) {
-		$reporter->set_path($sp, $rev_b, 0, @lock, $pool);
-		$sp .= '/' if length $sp;
-		$sp .= shift @pc;
-	}
-	die "BUG: '$sp' != '$final'\n" if ($sp ne $final);
-
-	$reporter->set_path($sp, $rev_a, $new, @lock, $pool);
-
-	$reporter->finish_report($pool);
-	$pool->clear;
-	$editor->{git_commit_ok};
-}
-
-# this requires SVN 1.4.3 or later (do_switch didn't work before 1.4.3, and
-# svn_ra_reparent didn't work before 1.4)
-sub gs_do_switch {
-	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $url_b, $editor) = @_;
-	my $path = $gs->{path};
-	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-
-	my $full_url = $self->{url};
-	my $old_url = $full_url;
-	$full_url .= '/' . $path if length $path;
-	my ($ra, $reparented);
-
-	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+ssh)?://# ||
-	    ($full_url =~ m#^https?://# &&
-	     escape_url($full_url) ne $full_url)) {
-		$_[0] = undef;
-		$self = undef;
-		$RA = undef;
-		$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($full_url);
-		$ra_invalid = 1;
-	} elsif ($old_url ne $full_url) {
-		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent($self->{session}, $full_url, $pool);
-		$self->{url} = $full_url;
-		$reparented = 1;
-	}
-
-	$ra ||= $self;
-	$url_b = escape_url($url_b);
-	my $reporter = $ra->do_switch($rev_b, '', 1, $url_b, $editor, $pool);
-	my @lock = $SVN::Core::VERSION ge '1.2.0' ? (undef) : ();
-	$reporter->set_path('', $rev_a, 0, @lock, $pool);
-	$reporter->finish_report($pool);
-
-	if ($reparented) {
-		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent($self->{session}, $old_url, $pool);
-		$self->{url} = $old_url;
-	}
-
-	$pool->clear;
-	$editor->{git_commit_ok};
-}
-
-sub longest_common_path {
-	my ($gsv, $globs) = @_;
-	my %common;
-	my $common_max = scalar @$gsv;
-
-	foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
-		my @tmp = split m#/#, $gs->{path};
-		my $p = '';
-		foreach (@tmp) {
-			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
-			$common{$p} ||= 0;
-			$common{$p}++;
-		}
-	}
-	$globs ||= [];
-	$common_max += scalar @$globs;
-	foreach my $glob (@$globs) {
-		my @tmp = split m#/#, $glob->{path}->{left};
-		my $p = '';
-		foreach (@tmp) {
-			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
-			$common{$p} ||= 0;
-			$common{$p}++;
-		}
-	}
-
-	my $longest_path = '';
-	foreach (sort {length $b <=> length $a} keys %common) {
-		if ($common{$_} == $common_max) {
-			$longest_path = $_;
-			last;
-		}
-	}
-	$longest_path;
-}
-
-sub gs_fetch_loop_common {
-	my ($self, $base, $head, $gsv, $globs) = @_;
-	return if ($base > $head);
-	my $inc = $_log_window_size;
-	my ($min, $max) = ($base, $head < $base + $inc ? $head : $base + $inc);
-	my $longest_path = longest_common_path($gsv, $globs);
-	my $ra_url = $self->{url};
-	my $find_trailing_edge;
-	while (1) {
-		my %revs;
-		my $err;
-		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
-		$SVN::Error::handler = sub {
-			($err) = @_;
-			skip_unknown_revs($err);
-		};
-		sub _cb {
-			my ($paths, $r, $author, $date, $log) = @_;
-			[ $paths,
-			  { author => $author, date => $date, log => $log } ];
-		}
-		$self->get_log([$longest_path], $min, $max, 0, 1, 1,
-		               sub { $revs{$_[1]} = _cb(@_) });
-		if ($err) {
-			print "Checked through r$max\r";
-		} else {
-			$find_trailing_edge = 1;
-		}
-		if ($err and $find_trailing_edge) {
-			print STDERR "Path '$longest_path' ",
-				     "was probably deleted:\n",
-				     $err->expanded_message,
-				     "\nWill attempt to follow ",
-				     "revisions r$min .. r$max ",
-				     "committed before the deletion\n";
-			my $hi = $max;
-			while (--$hi >= $min) {
-				my $ok;
-				$self->get_log([$longest_path], $min, $hi,
-				               0, 1, 1, sub {
-				               $ok = $_[1];
-				               $revs{$_[1]} = _cb(@_) });
-				if ($ok) {
-					print STDERR "r$min .. r$ok OK\n";
-					last;
-				}
-			}
-			$find_trailing_edge = 0;
-		}
-		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
-
-		my %exists = map { $_->{path} => $_ } @$gsv;
-		foreach my $r (sort {$a <=> $b} keys %revs) {
-			my ($paths, $logged) = @{$revs{$r}};
-
-			foreach my $gs ($self->match_globs(\%exists, $paths,
-			                                   $globs, $r)) {
-				if ($gs->rev_map_max >= $r) {
-					next;
-				}
-				next unless $gs->match_paths($paths, $r);
-				$gs->{logged_rev_props} = $logged;
-				if (my $last_commit = $gs->last_commit) {
-					$gs->assert_index_clean($last_commit);
-				}
-				my $log_entry = $gs->do_fetch($paths, $r);
-				if ($log_entry) {
-					$gs->do_git_commit($log_entry);
-				}
-				$INDEX_FILES{$gs->{index}} = 1;
-			}
-			foreach my $g (@$globs) {
-				my $k = "svn-remote.$g->{remote}." .
-				        "$g->{t}-maxRev";
-				Git::SVN::tmp_config($k, $r);
-			}
-			if ($ra_invalid) {
-				$_[0] = undef;
-				$self = undef;
-				$RA = undef;
-				$self = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra_url);
-				$ra_invalid = undef;
-			}
-		}
-		# pre-fill the .rev_db since it'll eventually get filled in
-		# with '0' x40 if something new gets committed
-		foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
-			next if $gs->rev_map_max >= $max;
-			next if defined $gs->rev_map_get($max);
-			$gs->rev_map_set($max, 0 x40);
-		}
-		foreach my $g (@$globs) {
-			my $k = "svn-remote.$g->{remote}.$g->{t}-maxRev";
-			Git::SVN::tmp_config($k, $max);
-		}
-		last if $max >= $head;
-		$min = $max + 1;
-		$max += $inc;
-		$max = $head if ($max > $head);
-	}
-	Git::SVN::gc();
-}
-
-sub get_dir_globbed {
-	my ($self, $left, $depth, $r) = @_;
-
-	my @x = eval { $self->get_dir($left, $r) };
-	return unless scalar @x == 3;
-	my $dirents = $x[0];
-	my @finalents;
-	foreach my $de (keys %$dirents) {
-		next if $dirents->{$de}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
-		if ($depth > 1) {
-			my @args = ("$left/$de", $depth - 1, $r);
-			foreach my $dir ($self->get_dir_globbed(@args)) {
-				push @finalents, "$de/$dir";
-			}
-		} else {
-			push @finalents, $de;
-		}
-	}
-	@finalents;
-}
-
-# return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
-sub is_ref_ignored {
-	my ($g, $p) = @_;
-	my $refname = $g->{ref}->full_path($p);
-	return 1 if defined($g->{ignore_refs_regex}) &&
-	            $refname =~ m!$g->{ignore_refs_regex}!;
-	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_refs_regex);
-	return 1 if $refname =~ m!$_ignore_refs_regex!o;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-sub match_globs {
-	my ($self, $exists, $paths, $globs, $r) = @_;
-
-	sub get_dir_check {
-		my ($self, $exists, $g, $r) = @_;
-
-		my @dirs = $self->get_dir_globbed($g->{path}->{left},
-		                                  $g->{path}->{depth},
-		                                  $r);
-
-		foreach my $de (@dirs) {
-			my $p = $g->{path}->full_path($de);
-			next if $exists->{$p};
-			next if (length $g->{path}->{right} &&
-				 ($self->check_path($p, $r) !=
-				  $SVN::Node::dir));
-			next unless $p =~ /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
-			$exists->{$p} = Git::SVN->init($self->{url}, $p, undef,
-					 $g->{ref}->full_path($de), 1);
-		}
-	}
-	foreach my $g (@$globs) {
-		if (my $path = $paths->{"/$g->{path}->{left}"}) {
-			if ($path->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/) {
-				get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
-			}
-		}
-		foreach (keys %$paths) {
-			if (/$g->{path}->{left_regex}/ &&
-			    !/$g->{path}->{regex}/) {
-				next if $paths->{$_}->{action} !~ /^[AR]$/;
-				get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
-			}
-			next unless /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
-			my $p = $1;
-			my $pathname = $g->{path}->full_path($p);
-			next if is_ref_ignored($g, $p);
-			next if $exists->{$pathname};
-			next if ($self->check_path($pathname, $r) !=
-			         $SVN::Node::dir);
-			$exists->{$pathname} = Git::SVN->init(
-			                      $self->{url}, $pathname, undef,
-			                      $g->{ref}->full_path($p), 1);
-		}
-		my $c = '';
-		foreach (split m#/#, $g->{path}->{left}) {
-			$c .= "/$_";
-			next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
-			             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
-			get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
-		}
-	}
-	values %$exists;
-}
-
-sub minimize_url {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	return $self->{url} if ($self->{url} eq $self->{repos_root});
-	my $url = $self->{repos_root};
-	my @components = split(m!/!, $self->{svn_path});
-	my $c = '';
-	do {
-		$url .= "/$c" if length $c;
-		eval {
-			my $ra = (ref $self)->new($url);
-			my $latest = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
-			$ra->get_log("", $latest, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub {});
-		};
-	} while ($@ && ($c = shift @components));
-	$url;
-}
-
-sub can_do_switch {
-	my $self = shift;
-	unless (defined $can_do_switch) {
-		my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
-		my $rep = eval {
-			$self->do_switch(1, '', 0, $self->{url},
-			                 SVN::Delta::Editor->new, $pool);
-		};
-		if ($@) {
-			$can_do_switch = 0;
-		} else {
-			$rep->abort_report($pool);
-			$can_do_switch = 1;
-		}
-		$pool->clear;
-	}
-	$can_do_switch;
-}
-
-sub skip_unknown_revs {
-	my ($err) = @_;
-	my $errno = $err->apr_err();
-	# Maybe the branch we're tracking didn't
-	# exist when the repo started, so it's
-	# not an error if it doesn't, just continue
-	#
-	# Wonderfully consistent library, eh?
-	# 160013 - svn:// and file://
-	# 175002 - http(s)://
-	# 175007 - http(s):// (this repo required authorization, too...)
-	#   More codes may be discovered later...
-	if ($errno == 175007 || $errno == 175002 || $errno == 160013) {
-		my $err_key = $err->expanded_message;
-		# revision numbers change every time, filter them out
-		$err_key =~ s/\d+/\0/g;
-		$err_key = "$errno\0$err_key";
-		unless ($ignored_err{$err_key}) {
-			warn "W: Ignoring error from SVN, path probably ",
-			     "does not exist: ($errno): ",
-			     $err->expanded_message,"\n";
-			warn "W: Do not be alarmed at the above message ",
-			     "git-svn is just searching aggressively for ",
-			     "old history.\n",
-			     "This may take a while on large repositories\n";
-			$ignored_err{$err_key} = 1;
-		}
-		return;
-	}
-	die "Error from SVN, ($errno): ", $err->expanded_message,"\n";
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::Log;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use POSIX qw/strftime/;
-use constant commit_log_separator => ('-' x 72) . "\n";
-use vars qw/$TZ $limit $color $pager $non_recursive $verbose $oneline
-            %rusers $show_commit $incremental/;
-my $l_fmt;
-
-sub cmt_showable {
-	my ($c) = @_;
-	return 1 if defined $c->{r};
-
-	# big commit message got truncated by the 16k pretty buffer in rev-list
-	if ($c->{l} && $c->{l}->[-1] eq "...\n" &&
-				$c->{a_raw} =~ /\@([a-f\d\-]+)>$/) {
-		@{$c->{l}} = ();
-		my @log = command(qw/cat-file commit/, $c->{c});
-
-		# shift off the headers
-		shift @log while ($log[0] ne '');
-		shift @log;
-
-		# TODO: make $c->{l} not have a trailing newline in the future
-		@{$c->{l}} = map { "$_\n" } grep !/^git-svn-id: /, @log;
-
-		(undef, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata(
-				(grep(/^git-svn-id: /, @log))[-1]);
-	}
-	return defined $c->{r};
-}
-
-sub log_use_color {
-	return $color || Git->repository->get_colorbool('color.diff');
-}
-
-sub git_svn_log_cmd {
-	my ($r_min, $r_max, @args) = @_;
-	my $head = 'HEAD';
-	my (@files, @log_opts);
-	foreach my $x (@args) {
-		if ($x eq '--' || @files) {
-			push @files, $x;
-		} else {
-			if (::verify_ref("$x^0")) {
-				$head = $x;
-			} else {
-				push @log_opts, $x;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = ::working_head_info($head);
-	$gs ||= Git::SVN->_new;
-	my @cmd = (qw/log --abbrev-commit --pretty=raw --default/,
-	           $gs->refname);
-	push @cmd, '-r' unless $non_recursive;
-	push @cmd, qw/--raw --name-status/ if $verbose;
-	push @cmd, '--color' if log_use_color();
-	push @cmd, @log_opts;
-	if (defined $r_max && $r_max == $r_min) {
-		push @cmd, '--max-count=1';
-		if (my $c = $gs->rev_map_get($r_max)) {
-			push @cmd, $c;
-		}
-	} elsif (defined $r_max) {
-		if ($r_max < $r_min) {
-			($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
-		}
-		my (undef, $c_max) = $gs->find_rev_before($r_max, 1, $r_min);
-		my (undef, $c_min) = $gs->find_rev_after($r_min, 1, $r_max);
-		# If there are no commits in the range, both $c_max and $c_min
-		# will be undefined.  If there is at least 1 commit in the
-		# range, both will be defined.
-		return () if !defined $c_min || !defined $c_max;
-		if ($c_min eq $c_max) {
-			push @cmd, '--max-count=1', $c_min;
-		} else {
-			push @cmd, '--boundary', "$c_min..$c_max";
-		}
-	}
-	return (@cmd, @files);
-}
-
-# adapted from pager.c
-sub config_pager {
-	if (! -t *STDOUT) {
-		$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = 'false';
-		$pager = undef;
-		return;
-	}
-	chomp($pager = command_oneline(qw(var GIT_PAGER)));
-	if ($pager eq 'cat') {
-		$pager = undef;
-	}
-	$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = defined($pager);
-}
-
-sub run_pager {
-	return unless defined $pager;
-	pipe my ($rfd, $wfd) or return;
-	defined(my $pid = fork) or ::fatal "Can't fork: $!";
-	if (!$pid) {
-		open STDOUT, '>&', $wfd or
-		                     ::fatal "Can't redirect to stdout: $!";
-		return;
-	}
-	open STDIN, '<&', $rfd or ::fatal "Can't redirect stdin: $!";
-	$ENV{LESS} ||= 'FRSX';
-	exec $pager or ::fatal "Can't run pager: $! ($pager)";
-}
-
-sub format_svn_date {
-	my $t = shift || time;
-	my $gmoff = Git::SVN::get_tz($t);
-	return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S $gmoff (%a, %d %b %Y)", localtime($t));
-}
-
-sub parse_git_date {
-	my ($t, $tz) = @_;
-	# Date::Parse isn't in the standard Perl distro :(
-	if ($tz =~ s/^\+//) {
-		$t += tz_to_s_offset($tz);
-	} elsif ($tz =~ s/^\-//) {
-		$t -= tz_to_s_offset($tz);
-	}
-	return $t;
-}
-
-sub set_local_timezone {
-	if (defined $TZ) {
-		$ENV{TZ} = $TZ;
-	} else {
-		delete $ENV{TZ};
-	}
-}
-
-sub tz_to_s_offset {
-	my ($tz) = @_;
-	$tz =~ s/(\d\d)$//;
-	return ($1 * 60) + ($tz * 3600);
-}
-
-sub get_author_info {
-	my ($dest, $author, $t, $tz) = @_;
-	$author =~ s/(?:^\s*|\s*$)//g;
-	$dest->{a_raw} = $author;
-	my $au;
-	if ($::_authors) {
-		$au = $rusers{$author} || undef;
-	}
-	if (!$au) {
-		($au) = ($author =~ /<([^>]+)\@[^>]+>$/);
-	}
-	$dest->{t} = $t;
-	$dest->{tz} = $tz;
-	$dest->{a} = $au;
-	$dest->{t_utc} = parse_git_date($t, $tz);
-}
-
-sub process_commit {
-	my ($c, $r_min, $r_max, $defer) = @_;
-	if (defined $r_min && defined $r_max) {
-		if ($r_min == $c->{r} && $r_min == $r_max) {
-			show_commit($c);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		return 1 if $r_min == $r_max;
-		if ($r_min < $r_max) {
-			# we need to reverse the print order
-			return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
-			push @$defer, $c;
-			return 1;
-		}
-		if ($r_min != $r_max) {
-			return 1 if ($r_min < $c->{r});
-			return 1 if ($r_max > $c->{r});
-		}
-	}
-	return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
-	show_commit($c);
-	return 1;
-}
-
-sub show_commit {
-	my $c = shift;
-	if ($oneline) {
-		my $x = "\n";
-		if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
-			while ($l->[0] =~ /^\s*$/) { shift @$l }
-			$x = $l->[0];
-		}
-		$l_fmt ||= 'A' . length($c->{r});
-		print 'r',pack($l_fmt, $c->{r}),' | ';
-		print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
-		print $x;
-	} else {
-		show_commit_normal($c);
-	}
-}
-
-sub show_commit_changed_paths {
-	my ($c) = @_;
-	return unless $c->{changed};
-	print "Changed paths:\n", @{$c->{changed}};
-}
-
-sub show_commit_normal {
-	my ($c) = @_;
-	print commit_log_separator, "r$c->{r} | ";
-	print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
-	print "$c->{a} | ", format_svn_date($c->{t_utc}), ' | ';
-	my $nr_line = 0;
-
-	if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
-		while ($l->[$#$l] eq "\n" && $#$l > 0
-		                          && $l->[($#$l - 1)] eq "\n") {
-			pop @$l;
-		}
-		$nr_line = scalar @$l;
-		if (!$nr_line) {
-			print "1 line\n\n\n";
-		} else {
-			if ($nr_line == 1) {
-				$nr_line = '1 line';
-			} else {
-				$nr_line .= ' lines';
-			}
-			print $nr_line, "\n";
-			show_commit_changed_paths($c);
-			print "\n";
-			print $_ foreach @$l;
-		}
-	} else {
-		print "1 line\n";
-		show_commit_changed_paths($c);
-		print "\n";
-
-	}
-	foreach my $x (qw/raw stat diff/) {
-		if ($c->{$x}) {
-			print "\n";
-			print $_ foreach @{$c->{$x}}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-sub cmd_show_log {
-	my (@args) = @_;
-	my ($r_min, $r_max);
-	my $r_last = -1; # prevent dupes
-	set_local_timezone();
-	if (defined $::_revision) {
-		if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/) {
-			($r_min, $r_max) = ($1, $2);
-		} elsif ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/) {
-			$r_min = $r_max = $::_revision;
-		} else {
-			::fatal "-r$::_revision is not supported, use ",
-				"standard 'git log' arguments instead";
-		}
-	}
-
-	config_pager();
-	@args = git_svn_log_cmd($r_min, $r_max, @args);
-	if (!@args) {
-		print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
-		return;
-	}
-	my $log = command_output_pipe(@args);
-	run_pager();
-	my (@k, $c, $d, $stat);
-	my $esc_color = qr/(?:\033\[(?:(?:\d+;)*\d*)?m)*/;
-	while (<$log>) {
-		if (/^${esc_color}commit (?:- )?($::sha1_short)/o) {
-			my $cmt = $1;
-			if ($c && cmt_showable($c) && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
-				$r_last = $c->{r};
-				process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k) or
-								goto out;
-			}
-			$d = undef;
-			$c = { c => $cmt };
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}author (.+) (\d+) ([\-\+]?\d+)$/o) {
-			get_author_info($c, $1, $2, $3);
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}(?:tree|parent|committer) /o) {
-			# ignore
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}:\d{6} \d{6} $::sha1_short/o) {
-			push @{$c->{raw}}, $_;
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}[ACRMDT]\t/) {
-			# we could add $SVN->{svn_path} here, but that requires
-			# remote access at the moment (repo_path_split)...
-			s#^(${esc_color})([ACRMDT])\t#$1   $2 #o;
-			push @{$c->{changed}}, $_;
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}diff /o) {
-			$d = 1;
-			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
-		} elsif ($d) {
-			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
-		} elsif (/^\ .+\ \|\s*\d+\ $esc_color[\+\-]*
-		          $esc_color*[\+\-]*$esc_color$/x) {
-			$stat = 1;
-			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
-		} elsif ($stat && /^ \d+ files changed, \d+ insertions/) {
-			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
-			$stat = undef;
-		} elsif (/^${esc_color}    (git-svn-id:.+)$/o) {
-			($c->{url}, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata($1);
-		} elsif (s/^${esc_color}    //o) {
-			push @{$c->{l}}, $_;
-		}
-	}
-	if ($c && defined $c->{r} && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
-		$r_last = $c->{r};
-		process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k);
-	}
-	if (@k) {
-		($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
-		process_commit($_, $r_min, $r_max) foreach reverse @k;
-	}
-out:
-	close $log;
-	print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
-}
-
-sub cmd_blame {
-	my $path = pop;
-
-	config_pager();
-	run_pager();
-
-	my ($fh, $ctx, $rev);
-
-	if ($_git_format) {
-		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', @_, $path);
-		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
-			if ($line =~ /^\^?([[:xdigit:]]+)\s/) {
-				# Uncommitted edits show up as a rev ID of
-				# all zeros, which we can't look up with
-				# cmt_metadata
-				if ($1 !~ /^0+$/) {
-					(undef, $rev, undef) =
-						::cmt_metadata($1);
-					$rev = '0' if (!$rev);
-				} else {
-					$rev = '0';
-				}
-				$rev = sprintf('%-10s', $rev);
-				$line =~ s/^\^?[[:xdigit:]]+(\s)/$rev$1/;
-			}
-			print $line;
-		}
-	} else {
-		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', '-p', @_, 'HEAD',
-						  '--', $path);
-		my ($sha1);
-		my %authors;
-		my @buffer;
-		my %dsha; #distinct sha keys
-
-		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
-			push @buffer, $line;
-			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
-				$dsha{$1} = 1;
-			}
-		}
-
-		my $s2r = ::cmt_sha2rev_batch([keys %dsha]);
-
-		foreach my $line (@buffer) {
-			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
-				$rev = $s2r->{$1};
-				$rev = '0' if (!$rev)
-			}
-			elsif ($line =~ /^author (.*)/) {
-				$authors{$rev} = $1;
-				$authors{$rev} =~ s/\s/_/g;
-			}
-			elsif ($line =~ /^\t(.*)$/) {
-				printf("%6s %10s %s\n", $rev, $authors{$rev}, $1);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::Migration;
-# these version numbers do NOT correspond to actual version numbers
-# of git nor git-svn.  They are just relative.
-#
-# v0 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/heads/$id-HEAD
-#
-# v1 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
-#
-# v2 layout: .git/svn/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
-#
-# v3 layout: .git/svn/$id, refs/remotes/$id
-#            - info/url may remain for backwards compatibility
-#            - this is what we migrate up to this layout automatically,
-#            - this will be used by git svn init on single branches
-# v3.1 layout (auto migrated):
-#            - .rev_db => .rev_db.$UUID, .rev_db will remain as a symlink
-#              for backwards compatibility
-#
-# v4 layout: .git/svn/$repo_id/$id, refs/remotes/$repo_id/$id
-#            - this is only created for newly multi-init-ed
-#              repositories.  Similar in spirit to the
-#              --use-separate-remotes option in git-clone (now default)
-#            - we do not automatically migrate to this (following
-#              the example set by core git)
-#
-# v5 layout: .rev_db.$UUID => .rev_map.$UUID
-#            - newer, more-efficient format that uses 24-bytes per record
-#              with no filler space.
-#            - use xxd -c24 < .rev_map.$UUID to view and debug
-#            - This is a one-way migration, repositories updated to the
-#              new format will not be able to use old git-svn without
-#              rebuilding the .rev_db.  Rebuilding the rev_db is not
-#              possible if noMetadata or useSvmProps are set; but should
-#              be no problem for users that use the (sensible) defaults.
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Carp qw/croak/;
-use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
-use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
-use vars qw/$_minimize/;
-
-sub migrate_from_v0 {
-	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-	return undef unless -d $git_dir;
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
-	my $migrated = 0;
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		chomp;
-		my ($id, $orig_ref) = ($_, $_);
-		next unless $id =~ s#^refs/heads/(.+)-HEAD$#$1#;
-		next unless -f "$git_dir/$id/info/url";
-		my $new_ref = "refs/remotes/$id";
-		if (::verify_ref("$new_ref^0")) {
-			print STDERR "W: $orig_ref is probably an old ",
-			             "branch used by an ancient version of ",
-				     "git-svn.\n",
-				     "However, $new_ref also exists.\n",
-				     "We will not be able ",
-				     "to use this branch until this ",
-				     "ambiguity is resolved.\n";
-			next;
-		}
-		print STDERR "Migrating from v0 layout...\n" if !$migrated;
-		print STDERR "Renaming ref: $orig_ref => $new_ref\n";
-		command_noisy('update-ref', $new_ref, $orig_ref);
-		command_noisy('update-ref', '-d', $orig_ref, $orig_ref);
-		$migrated++;
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-	print STDERR "Done migrating from v0 layout...\n" if $migrated;
-	$migrated;
-}
-
-sub migrate_from_v1 {
-	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
-	my $migrated = 0;
-	return $migrated unless -d $git_dir;
-	my $svn_dir = "$git_dir/svn";
-
-	# just in case somebody used 'svn' as their $id at some point...
-	return $migrated if -d $svn_dir && ! -f "$svn_dir/info/url";
-
-	print STDERR "Migrating from a git-svn v1 layout...\n";
-	mkpath([$svn_dir]);
-	print STDERR "Data from a previous version of git-svn exists, but\n\t",
-	             "$svn_dir\n\t(required for this version ",
-	             "($::VERSION) of git-svn) does not exist.\n";
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
-	while (<$fh>) {
-		my $x = $_;
-		next unless $x =~ s#^refs/remotes/##;
-		chomp $x;
-		next unless -f "$git_dir/$x/info/url";
-		my $u = eval { ::file_to_s("$git_dir/$x/info/url") };
-		next unless $u;
-		my $dn = dirname("$git_dir/svn/$x");
-		mkpath([$dn]) unless -d $dn;
-		if ($x eq 'svn') { # they used 'svn' as GIT_SVN_ID:
-			mkpath(["$git_dir/svn/svn"]);
-			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x/info => ",
-			                "$git_dir/svn/$x/info\n";
-			rename "$git_dir/$x/info", "$git_dir/svn/$x/info" or
-			       croak "$!: $x";
-			# don't worry too much about these, they probably
-			# don't exist with repos this old (save for index,
-			# and we can easily regenerate that)
-			foreach my $f (qw/unhandled.log index .rev_db/) {
-				rename "$git_dir/$x/$f", "$git_dir/svn/$x/$f";
-			}
-		} else {
-			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x => $git_dir/svn/$x\n";
-			rename "$git_dir/$x", "$git_dir/svn/$x" or
-			       croak "$!: $x";
-		}
-		$migrated++;
-	}
-	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
-	print STDERR "Done migrating from a git-svn v1 layout\n";
-	$migrated;
-}
-
-sub read_old_urls {
-	my ($l_map, $pfx, $path) = @_;
-	my @dir;
-	foreach (<$path/*>) {
-		if (-r "$_/info/url") {
-			$pfx .= '/' if $pfx && $pfx !~ m!/$!;
-			my $ref_id = $pfx . basename $_;
-			my $url = ::file_to_s("$_/info/url");
-			$l_map->{$ref_id} = $url;
-		} elsif (-d $_) {
-			push @dir, $_;
-		}
-	}
-	foreach (@dir) {
-		my $x = $_;
-		$x =~ s!^\Q$ENV{GIT_DIR}\E/svn/!!o;
-		read_old_urls($l_map, $x, $_);
-	}
-}
-
-sub migrate_from_v2 {
-	my @cfg = command(qw/config -l/);
-	return if grep /^svn-remote\..+\.url=/, @cfg;
-	my %l_map;
-	read_old_urls(\%l_map, '', "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
-	my $migrated = 0;
-
-	foreach my $ref_id (sort keys %l_map) {
-		eval { Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', undef, $ref_id) };
-		if ($@) {
-			Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', $ref_id, $ref_id);
-		}
-		$migrated++;
-	}
-	$migrated;
-}
-
-sub minimize_connections {
-	my $r = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes();
-	my $new_urls = {};
-	my $root_repos = {};
-	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$r) {
-		my $url = $r->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
-		my $fetch = $r->{$repo_id}->{fetch} or next;
-		my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
-
-		# skip existing cases where we already connect to the root
-		if (($ra->{url} eq $ra->{repos_root}) ||
-		    ($ra->{repos_root} eq $repo_id)) {
-			$root_repos->{$ra->{url}} = $repo_id;
-			next;
-		}
-
-		my $root_ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
-		my $root_path = $ra->{url};
-		$root_path =~ s#^\Q$ra->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
-		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
-			my $ref_id = $fetch->{$path};
-			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($ref_id, $repo_id, $path);
-
-			# make sure we can read when connecting to
-			# a higher level of a repository
-			my ($last_rev, undef) = $gs->last_rev_commit;
-			if (!defined $last_rev) {
-				$last_rev = eval {
-					$root_ra->get_latest_revnum;
-				};
-				next if $@;
-			}
-			my $new = $root_path;
-			$new .= length $path ? "/$path" : '';
-			eval {
-				$root_ra->get_log([$new], $last_rev, $last_rev,
-			                          0, 0, 1, sub { });
-			};
-			next if $@;
-			$new_urls->{$ra->{repos_root}}->{$new} =
-			        { ref_id => $ref_id,
-				  old_repo_id => $repo_id,
-				  old_path => $path };
-		}
-	}
-
-	my @emptied;
-	foreach my $url (keys %$new_urls) {
-		# see if we can re-use an existing [svn-remote "repo_id"]
-		# instead of creating a(n ugly) new section:
-		my $repo_id = $root_repos->{$url} || $url;
-
-		my $fetch = $new_urls->{$url};
-		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
-			my $x = $fetch->{$path};
-			Git::SVN->init($url, $path, $repo_id, $x->{ref_id});
-			my $pfx = "svn-remote.$x->{old_repo_id}";
-
-			my $old_fetch = quotemeta("$x->{old_path}:".
-			                          "$x->{ref_id}");
-			command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
-			              "$pfx.fetch", '^'. $old_fetch . '$');
-			delete $r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->
-			       {fetch}->{$x->{old_path}};
-			if (!keys %{$r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->{fetch}}) {
-				command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
-				              "$pfx.url");
-				push @emptied, $x->{old_repo_id}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if (@emptied) {
-		my $file = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/config";
-		print STDERR <<EOF;
-The following [svn-remote] sections in your config file ($file) are empty
-and can be safely removed:
-EOF
-		print STDERR "[svn-remote \"$_\"]\n" foreach @emptied;
-	}
-}
-
-sub migration_check {
-	migrate_from_v0();
-	migrate_from_v1();
-	migrate_from_v2();
-	minimize_connections() if $_minimize;
-}
-
-package Git::IndexInfo;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use Git qw/command_input_pipe command_close_pipe/;
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class) = @_;
-	my ($gui, $ctx) = command_input_pipe(qw/update-index -z --index-info/);
-	bless { gui => $gui, ctx => $ctx, nr => 0}, $class;
-}
-
-sub remove {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	if (print { $self->{gui} } '0 ', 0 x 40, "\t", $path, "\0") {
-		return ++$self->{nr};
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub update {
-	my ($self, $mode, $hash, $path) = @_;
-	if (print { $self->{gui} } $mode, ' ', $hash, "\t", $path, "\0") {
-		return ++$self->{nr};
-	}
-	undef;
-}
-
-sub DESTROY {
-	my ($self) = @_;
-	command_close_pipe($self->{gui}, $self->{ctx});
-}
-
-package Git::SVN::GlobSpec;
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-
-sub new {
-	my ($class, $glob, $pattern_ok) = @_;
-	my $re = $glob;
-	$re =~ s!/+$!!g; # no need for trailing slashes
-	my (@left, @right, @patterns);
-	my $state = "left";
-	my $die_msg = "Only one set of wildcard directories " .
-				"(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: '$glob'\n";
-	for my $part (split(m|/|, $glob)) {
-		if ($part =~ /\*/ && $part ne "*") {
-			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
-		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /[{}]/ &&
-			 $part !~ /^\{[^{}]+\}/) {
-			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
-		}
-		if ($part eq "*") {
-			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
-			$state = "pattern";
-			push(@patterns, "[^/]*");
-		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /^\{(.*)\}$/) {
-			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
-			$state = "pattern";
-			my $p = quotemeta($1);
-			$p =~ s/\\,/|/g;
-			push(@patterns, "(?:$p)");
-		} else {
-			if ($state eq "left") {
-				push(@left, $part);
-			} else {
-				push(@right, $part);
-				$state = "right";
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	my $depth = @patterns;
-	if ($depth == 0) {
-		die "One '*' is needed in glob: '$glob'\n";
-	}
-	my $left = join('/', @left);
-	my $right = join('/', @right);
-	$re = join('/', @patterns);
-	$re = join('\/',
-		   grep(length, quotemeta($left), "($re)", quotemeta($right)));
-	my $left_re = qr/^\/\Q$left\E(\/|$)/;
-	bless { left => $left, right => $right, left_regex => $left_re,
-	        regex => qr/$re/, glob => $glob, depth => $depth }, $class;
-}
-
-sub full_path {
-	my ($self, $path) = @_;
-	return (length $self->{left} ? "$self->{left}/" : '') .
-	       $path . (length $self->{right} ? "/$self->{right}" : '');
-}
-
 __END__
 
 Data structures:
diff --git a/git-web--browse.sh b/git-web--browse.sh
index 1e827264b4..ae152534f5 100755
--- a/git-web--browse.sh
+++ b/git-web--browse.sh
@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ valid_custom_tool()
 valid_tool() {
 	case "$1" in
 	firefox | iceweasel | seamonkey | iceape | \
-	chrome | google-chrome | chromium | chromium-browser |\
-	konqueror | opera | w3m | elinks | links | lynx | dillo | open | start)
+	chrome | google-chrome | chromium | chromium-browser | \
+	konqueror | opera | w3m | elinks | links | lynx | dillo | open | \
+	start | cygstart | xdg-open)
 		;; # happy
 	*)
 		valid_custom_tool "$1" || return 1
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ do
 	-b|--browser*|-t|--tool*)
 		case "$#,$1" in
 		*,*=*)
-			browser=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
+			browser=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
 			;;
 		1,*)
 			usage ;;
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ do
 	-c|--config*)
 		case "$#,$1" in
 		*,*=*)
-			conf=`expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)'`
+			conf=$(expr "z$1" : 'z-[^=]*=\(.*\)')
 			;;
 		1,*)
 			usage ;;
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ then
 	for opt in "$conf" "web.browser"
 	do
 		test -z "$opt" && continue
-		browser="`git config $opt`"
+		browser="$(git config $opt)"
 		test -z "$browser" || break
 	done
 	if test -n "$browser" && ! valid_tool "$browser"; then
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ fi
 
 if test -z "$browser" ; then
 	if test -n "$DISPLAY"; then
-		browser_candidates="firefox iceweasel google-chrome chrome chromium chromium-browser konqueror opera seamonkey iceape w3m elinks links lynx dillo"
+		browser_candidates="firefox iceweasel google-chrome chrome chromium chromium-browser konqueror opera seamonkey iceape w3m elinks links lynx dillo xdg-open"
 		if test "$KDE_FULL_SESSION" = "true"; then
 			browser_candidates="konqueror $browser_candidates"
 		fi
@@ -119,14 +120,18 @@ if test -z "$browser" ; then
 		browser_candidates="w3m elinks links lynx"
 	fi
 	# SECURITYSESSIONID indicates an OS X GUI login session
-	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" \
-		-o "$TERM_PROGRAM" = "Apple_Terminal" ; then
+	if test -n "$SECURITYSESSIONID" || test -n "$TERM_PROGRAM"
+	then
 		browser_candidates="open $browser_candidates"
 	fi
 	# /bin/start indicates MinGW
 	if test -x /bin/start; then
 		browser_candidates="start $browser_candidates"
 	fi
+	# /usr/bin/cygstart indicates Cygwin
+	if test -x /usr/bin/cygstart; then
+		browser_candidates="cygstart $browser_candidates"
+	fi
 
 	for i in $browser_candidates; do
 		init_browser_path $i
@@ -174,7 +179,7 @@ konqueror)
 		;;
 	esac
 	;;
-w3m|elinks|links|lynx|open)
+w3m|elinks|links|lynx|open|cygstart|xdg-open)
 	"$browser_path" "$@"
 	;;
 start)
diff --git a/git.c b/git.c
index 3805616630..42a4ee5784 100644
--- a/git.c
+++ b/git.c
@@ -1,54 +1,58 @@
 #include "builtin.h"
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "help.h"
-#include "quote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 
 const char git_usage_string[] =
-	"git [--version] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]\n"
-	"           [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]\n"
+	"git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c name=value]\n"
+	"           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]\n"
+	"           [-p | --paginate | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]\n"
 	"           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]\n"
-	"           [-c name=value] [--help]\n"
 	"           <command> [<args>]";
 
 const char git_more_info_string[] =
-	"See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command.";
+	N_("'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+	   "concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+	   "to read about a specific subcommand or concept.");
 
 static struct startup_info git_startup_info;
 static int use_pager = -1;
-struct pager_config {
-	const char *cmd;
-	int want;
-	char *value;
+static char *orig_cwd;
+static const char *env_names[] = {
+	GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT,
+	GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT
 };
+static char *orig_env[4];
+static int saved_environment;
 
-static int pager_command_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
+static void save_env(void)
 {
-	struct pager_config *c = data;
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "pager.") && !strcmp(var + 6, c->cmd)) {
-		int b = git_config_maybe_bool(var, value);
-		if (b >= 0)
-			c->want = b;
-		else {
-			c->want = 1;
-			c->value = xstrdup(value);
-		}
+	int i;
+	if (saved_environment)
+		return;
+	saved_environment = 1;
+	orig_cwd = xgetcwd();
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(env_names); i++) {
+		orig_env[i] = getenv(env_names[i]);
+		if (orig_env[i])
+			orig_env[i] = xstrdup(orig_env[i]);
 	}
-	return 0;
 }
 
-/* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
-int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
+static void restore_env(void)
 {
-	struct pager_config c;
-	c.cmd = cmd;
-	c.want = -1;
-	c.value = NULL;
-	git_config(pager_command_config, &c);
-	if (c.value)
-		pager_program = c.value;
-	return c.want;
+	int i;
+	if (orig_cwd && chdir(orig_cwd))
+		die_errno("could not move to %s", orig_cwd);
+	free(orig_cwd);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(env_names); i++) {
+		if (orig_env[i])
+			setenv(env_names[i], orig_env[i], 1);
+		else
+			unsetenv(env_names[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 static void commit_pager_choice(void) {
@@ -84,8 +88,7 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 		/*
 		 * Check remaining flags.
 		 */
-		if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--exec-path")) {
-			cmd += 11;
+		if (skip_prefix(cmd, "--exec-path", &cmd)) {
 			if (*cmd == '=')
 				git_set_argv_exec_path(cmd + 1);
 			else {
@@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-replace-objects")) {
-			read_replace_refs = 0;
+			check_replace_refs = 0;
 			setenv(NO_REPLACE_OBJECTS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
@@ -122,8 +125,8 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--git-dir=")) {
-			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + 10, 1);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(cmd, "--git-dir=", &cmd)) {
+			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cmd, 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--namespace")) {
@@ -136,8 +139,8 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--namespace=")) {
-			setenv(GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + 12, 1);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(cmd, "--namespace=", &cmd)) {
+			setenv(GIT_NAMESPACE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd, 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--work-tree")) {
@@ -150,14 +153,16 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "--work-tree=")) {
-			setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd + 12, 1);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(cmd, "--work-tree=", &cmd)) {
+			setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, cmd, 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--bare")) {
-			static char git_dir[PATH_MAX+1];
+			char *cwd = xgetcwd();
 			is_bare_repository_cfg = 1;
-			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, getcwd(git_dir, sizeof(git_dir)), 0);
+			setenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, cwd, 0);
+			free(cwd);
+			setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
 			if (envchanged)
 				*envchanged = 1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-c")) {
@@ -168,6 +173,45 @@ static int handle_options(const char ***argv, int *argc, int *envchanged)
 			git_config_push_parameter((*argv)[1]);
 			(*argv)++;
 			(*argc)--;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--literal-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--no-literal-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--glob-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--noglob-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--icase-pathspecs")) {
+			setenv(GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, "1", 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "--shallow-file")) {
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
+			set_alternate_shallow_file((*argv)[0], 1);
+			if (envchanged)
+				*envchanged = 1;
+		} else if (!strcmp(cmd, "-C")) {
+			if (*argc < 2) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "No directory given for -C.\n" );
+				usage(git_usage_string);
+			}
+			if ((*argv)[1][0]) {
+				if (chdir((*argv)[1]))
+					die_errno("Cannot change to '%s'", (*argv)[1]);
+				if (envchanged)
+					*envchanged = 1;
+			}
+			(*argv)++;
+			(*argc)--;
 		} else {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown option: %s\n", cmd);
 			usage(git_usage_string);
@@ -237,8 +281,7 @@ static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 				  "trace: alias expansion: %s =>",
 				  alias_command);
 
-		new_argv = xrealloc(new_argv, sizeof(char *) *
-				    (count + *argcp));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(new_argv, count + *argcp);
 		/* insert after command name */
 		memcpy(new_argv + count, *argv + 1, sizeof(char *) * *argcp);
 
@@ -256,8 +299,6 @@ static int handle_alias(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-const char git_version_string[] = GIT_VERSION;
-
 #define RUN_SETUP		(1<<0)
 #define RUN_SETUP_GENTLY	(1<<1)
 #define USE_PAGER		(1<<2)
@@ -266,6 +307,7 @@ const char git_version_string[] = GIT_VERSION;
  * RUN_SETUP for reading from the configuration file.
  */
 #define NEED_WORK_TREE		(1<<3)
+#define NO_SETUP		(1<<4)
 
 struct cmd_struct {
 	const char *cmd;
@@ -284,7 +326,7 @@ static int run_builtin(struct cmd_struct *p, int argc, const char **argv)
 	if (!help) {
 		if (p->option & RUN_SETUP)
 			prefix = setup_git_directory();
-		if (p->option & RUN_SETUP_GENTLY) {
+		else if (p->option & RUN_SETUP_GENTLY) {
 			int nongit_ok;
 			prefix = setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit_ok);
 		}
@@ -326,124 +368,146 @@ static int run_builtin(struct cmd_struct *p, int argc, const char **argv)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
+static struct cmd_struct commands[] = {
+	{ "add", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "annotate", cmd_annotate, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "apply", cmd_apply, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "archive", cmd_archive },
+	{ "bisect--helper", cmd_bisect__helper, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "blame", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "branch", cmd_branch, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "bundle", cmd_bundle, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "check-attr", cmd_check_attr, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "check-ignore", cmd_check_ignore, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "check-mailmap", cmd_check_mailmap, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "check-ref-format", cmd_check_ref_format },
+	{ "checkout", cmd_checkout, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "checkout-index", cmd_checkout_index,
+		RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE},
+	{ "cherry", cmd_cherry, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "cherry-pick", cmd_cherry_pick, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "clean", cmd_clean, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "clone", cmd_clone, NO_SETUP },
+	{ "column", cmd_column, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "commit", cmd_commit, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "commit-tree", cmd_commit_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "config", cmd_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "count-objects", cmd_count_objects, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "credential", cmd_credential, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "describe", cmd_describe, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "diff", cmd_diff },
+	{ "diff-files", cmd_diff_files, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "diff-index", cmd_diff_index, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "diff-tree", cmd_diff_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fast-export", cmd_fast_export, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fetch", cmd_fetch, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fetch-pack", cmd_fetch_pack, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fmt-merge-msg", cmd_fmt_merge_msg, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "for-each-ref", cmd_for_each_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "format-patch", cmd_format_patch, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fsck", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "fsck-objects", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "gc", cmd_gc, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "get-tar-commit-id", cmd_get_tar_commit_id },
+	{ "grep", cmd_grep, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "hash-object", cmd_hash_object },
+	{ "help", cmd_help },
+	{ "index-pack", cmd_index_pack, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "init", cmd_init_db, NO_SETUP },
+	{ "init-db", cmd_init_db, NO_SETUP },
+	{ "interpret-trailers", cmd_interpret_trailers, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "log", cmd_log, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "ls-files", cmd_ls_files, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "ls-remote", cmd_ls_remote, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "ls-tree", cmd_ls_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "mailinfo", cmd_mailinfo },
+	{ "mailsplit", cmd_mailsplit },
+	{ "merge", cmd_merge, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "merge-base", cmd_merge_base, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "merge-file", cmd_merge_file, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "merge-index", cmd_merge_index, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "merge-ours", cmd_merge_ours, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "merge-recursive", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "merge-recursive-ours", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "merge-recursive-theirs", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "merge-subtree", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "merge-tree", cmd_merge_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "mktag", cmd_mktag, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "mktree", cmd_mktree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "mv", cmd_mv, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "name-rev", cmd_name_rev, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "notes", cmd_notes, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "pack-objects", cmd_pack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "pack-redundant", cmd_pack_redundant, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "pack-refs", cmd_pack_refs, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "patch-id", cmd_patch_id },
+	{ "pickaxe", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "prune", cmd_prune, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "prune-packed", cmd_prune_packed, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "push", cmd_push, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "read-tree", cmd_read_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "receive-pack", cmd_receive_pack },
+	{ "reflog", cmd_reflog, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "remote", cmd_remote, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "remote-ext", cmd_remote_ext },
+	{ "remote-fd", cmd_remote_fd },
+	{ "repack", cmd_repack, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "replace", cmd_replace, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "rerere", cmd_rerere, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "reset", cmd_reset, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "rev-list", cmd_rev_list, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "rev-parse", cmd_rev_parse },
+	{ "revert", cmd_revert, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "rm", cmd_rm, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "send-pack", cmd_send_pack, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "shortlog", cmd_shortlog, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY | USE_PAGER },
+	{ "show", cmd_show, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "show-branch", cmd_show_branch, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "show-ref", cmd_show_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "stage", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "status", cmd_status, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
+	{ "stripspace", cmd_stripspace },
+	{ "symbolic-ref", cmd_symbolic_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "tag", cmd_tag, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "unpack-file", cmd_unpack_file, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "unpack-objects", cmd_unpack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "update-index", cmd_update_index, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "update-ref", cmd_update_ref, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "update-server-info", cmd_update_server_info, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "upload-archive", cmd_upload_archive },
+	{ "upload-archive--writer", cmd_upload_archive_writer },
+	{ "var", cmd_var, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
+	{ "verify-commit", cmd_verify_commit, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "verify-pack", cmd_verify_pack },
+	{ "verify-tag", cmd_verify_tag, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "version", cmd_version },
+	{ "whatchanged", cmd_whatchanged, RUN_SETUP },
+	{ "write-tree", cmd_write_tree, RUN_SETUP },
+};
+
+static struct cmd_struct *get_builtin(const char *s)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(commands); i++) {
+		struct cmd_struct *p = commands + i;
+		if (!strcmp(s, p->cmd))
+			return p;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int is_builtin(const char *s)
+{
+	return !!get_builtin(s);
+}
+
+static void handle_builtin(int argc, const char **argv)
 {
 	const char *cmd = argv[0];
-	static struct cmd_struct commands[] = {
-		{ "add", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "annotate", cmd_annotate, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "apply", cmd_apply, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "archive", cmd_archive },
-		{ "bisect--helper", cmd_bisect__helper, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "blame", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "branch", cmd_branch, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "bundle", cmd_bundle, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "cat-file", cmd_cat_file, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "check-attr", cmd_check_attr, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "check-ref-format", cmd_check_ref_format },
-		{ "checkout", cmd_checkout, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "checkout-index", cmd_checkout_index,
-			RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE},
-		{ "cherry", cmd_cherry, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "cherry-pick", cmd_cherry_pick, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "clean", cmd_clean, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "clone", cmd_clone },
-		{ "commit", cmd_commit, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "commit-tree", cmd_commit_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "config", cmd_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "count-objects", cmd_count_objects, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "describe", cmd_describe, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "diff", cmd_diff },
-		{ "diff-files", cmd_diff_files, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "diff-index", cmd_diff_index, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "diff-tree", cmd_diff_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fast-export", cmd_fast_export, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fetch", cmd_fetch, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fetch-pack", cmd_fetch_pack, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fmt-merge-msg", cmd_fmt_merge_msg, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "for-each-ref", cmd_for_each_ref, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "format-patch", cmd_format_patch, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fsck", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "fsck-objects", cmd_fsck, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "gc", cmd_gc, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "get-tar-commit-id", cmd_get_tar_commit_id },
-		{ "grep", cmd_grep, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "hash-object", cmd_hash_object },
-		{ "help", cmd_help },
-		{ "index-pack", cmd_index_pack, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "init", cmd_init_db },
-		{ "init-db", cmd_init_db },
-		{ "log", cmd_log, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "ls-files", cmd_ls_files, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "ls-remote", cmd_ls_remote, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "ls-tree", cmd_ls_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "mailinfo", cmd_mailinfo },
-		{ "mailsplit", cmd_mailsplit },
-		{ "merge", cmd_merge, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "merge-base", cmd_merge_base, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "merge-file", cmd_merge_file, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "merge-index", cmd_merge_index, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "merge-ours", cmd_merge_ours, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "merge-recursive", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "merge-recursive-ours", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "merge-recursive-theirs", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "merge-subtree", cmd_merge_recursive, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "merge-tree", cmd_merge_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "mktag", cmd_mktag, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "mktree", cmd_mktree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "mv", cmd_mv, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "name-rev", cmd_name_rev, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "notes", cmd_notes, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "pack-objects", cmd_pack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "pack-redundant", cmd_pack_redundant, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "pack-refs", cmd_pack_refs, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "patch-id", cmd_patch_id },
-		{ "peek-remote", cmd_ls_remote, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "pickaxe", cmd_blame, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "prune", cmd_prune, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "prune-packed", cmd_prune_packed, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "push", cmd_push, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "read-tree", cmd_read_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "receive-pack", cmd_receive_pack },
-		{ "reflog", cmd_reflog, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "remote", cmd_remote, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "remote-ext", cmd_remote_ext },
-		{ "remote-fd", cmd_remote_fd },
-		{ "replace", cmd_replace, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "repo-config", cmd_repo_config, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "rerere", cmd_rerere, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "reset", cmd_reset, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "rev-list", cmd_rev_list, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "rev-parse", cmd_rev_parse },
-		{ "revert", cmd_revert, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "rm", cmd_rm, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "send-pack", cmd_send_pack, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "shortlog", cmd_shortlog, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY | USE_PAGER },
-		{ "show", cmd_show, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "show-branch", cmd_show_branch, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "show-ref", cmd_show_ref, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "stage", cmd_add, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "status", cmd_status, RUN_SETUP | NEED_WORK_TREE },
-		{ "stripspace", cmd_stripspace },
-		{ "symbolic-ref", cmd_symbolic_ref, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "tag", cmd_tag, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "tar-tree", cmd_tar_tree },
-		{ "unpack-file", cmd_unpack_file, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "unpack-objects", cmd_unpack_objects, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "update-index", cmd_update_index, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "update-ref", cmd_update_ref, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "update-server-info", cmd_update_server_info, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "upload-archive", cmd_upload_archive },
-		{ "upload-archive--writer", cmd_upload_archive_writer },
-		{ "var", cmd_var, RUN_SETUP_GENTLY },
-		{ "verify-pack", cmd_verify_pack },
-		{ "verify-tag", cmd_verify_tag, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "version", cmd_version },
-		{ "whatchanged", cmd_whatchanged, RUN_SETUP },
-		{ "write-tree", cmd_write_tree, RUN_SETUP },
-	};
 	int i;
 	static const char ext[] = STRIP_EXTENSION;
+	struct cmd_struct *builtin;
 
 	if (sizeof(ext) > 1) {
 		i = strlen(argv[0]) - strlen(ext);
@@ -460,11 +524,12 @@ static void handle_internal_command(int argc, const char **argv)
 		argv[0] = cmd = "help";
 	}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(commands); i++) {
-		struct cmd_struct *p = commands+i;
-		if (strcmp(p->cmd, cmd))
-			continue;
-		exit(run_builtin(p, argc, argv));
+	builtin = get_builtin(cmd);
+	if (builtin) {
+		if (saved_environment && (builtin->option & NO_SETUP))
+			restore_env();
+		else
+			exit(run_builtin(builtin, argc, argv));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -509,8 +574,8 @@ static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 	int done_alias = 0;
 
 	while (1) {
-		/* See if it's an internal command */
-		handle_internal_command(*argcp, *argv);
+		/* See if it's a builtin */
+		handle_builtin(*argcp, *argv);
 
 		/* .. then try the external ones */
 		execv_dashed_external(*argv);
@@ -519,7 +584,10 @@ static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 		 * of overriding "git log" with "git show" by having
 		 * alias.log = show
 		 */
-		if (done_alias || !handle_alias(argcp, argv))
+		if (done_alias)
+			break;
+		save_env();
+		if (!handle_alias(argcp, argv))
 			break;
 		done_alias = 1;
 	}
@@ -527,10 +595,32 @@ static int run_argv(int *argcp, const char ***argv)
 	return done_alias;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Many parts of Git have subprograms communicate via pipe, expect the
+ * upstream of a pipe to die with SIGPIPE when the downstream of a
+ * pipe does not need to read all that is written.  Some third-party
+ * programs that ignore or block SIGPIPE for their own reason forget
+ * to restore SIGPIPE handling to the default before spawning Git and
+ * break this carefully orchestrated machinery.
+ *
+ * Restore the way SIGPIPE is handled to default, which is what we
+ * expect.
+ */
+static void restore_sigpipe_to_default(void)
+{
+	sigset_t unblock;
+
+	sigemptyset(&unblock);
+	sigaddset(&unblock, SIGPIPE);
+	sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &unblock, NULL);
+	signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
+}
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **av)
 {
+	const char **argv = (const char **) av;
 	const char *cmd;
+	int done_help = 0;
 
 	startup_info = &git_startup_info;
 
@@ -538,8 +628,19 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	if (!cmd)
 		cmd = "git-help";
 
+	/*
+	 * Always open file descriptors 0/1/2 to avoid clobbering files
+	 * in die().  It also avoids messing up when the pipes are dup'ed
+	 * onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
+	 */
+	sanitize_stdfds();
+
+	restore_sigpipe_to_default();
+
 	git_setup_gettext();
 
+	trace_command_performance(argv);
+
 	/*
 	 * "git-xxxx" is the same as "git xxxx", but we obviously:
 	 *
@@ -547,14 +648,13 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	 *  - cannot execute it externally (since it would just do
 	 *    the same thing over again)
 	 *
-	 * So we just directly call the internal command handler, and
-	 * die if that one cannot handle it.
+	 * So we just directly call the builtin handler, and die if
+	 * that one cannot handle it.
 	 */
-	if (!prefixcmp(cmd, "git-")) {
-		cmd += 4;
+	if (skip_prefix(cmd, "git-", &cmd)) {
 		argv[0] = cmd;
-		handle_internal_command(argc, argv);
-		die("cannot handle %s internally", cmd);
+		handle_builtin(argc, argv);
+		die("cannot handle %s as a builtin", cmd);
 	}
 
 	/* Look for flags.. */
@@ -562,14 +662,14 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	argc--;
 	handle_options(&argv, &argc, NULL);
 	if (argc > 0) {
-		if (!prefixcmp(argv[0], "--"))
-			argv[0] += 2;
+		/* translate --help and --version into commands */
+		skip_prefix(argv[0], "--", &argv[0]);
 	} else {
 		/* The user didn't specify a command; give them help */
 		commit_pager_choice();
 		printf("usage: %s\n\n", git_usage_string);
 		list_common_cmds_help();
-		printf("\n%s\n", git_more_info_string);
+		printf("\n%s\n", _(git_more_info_string));
 		exit(1);
 	}
 	cmd = argv[0];
@@ -583,9 +683,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	setup_path();
 
 	while (1) {
-		static int done_help = 0;
-		static int was_alias = 0;
-		was_alias = run_argv(&argc, &argv);
+		int was_alias = run_argv(&argc, &argv);
 		if (errno != ENOENT)
 			break;
 		if (was_alias) {
diff --git a/git.rc b/git.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33aafb786c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/git.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+1 VERSIONINFO
+FILEVERSION     MAJOR,MINOR,0,0
+PRODUCTVERSION  MAJOR,MINOR,0,0
+BEGIN
+  BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+  BEGIN
+    BLOCK "040904b0"   /* LANG_ENGLISH/SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US, Unicode CP */
+    BEGIN
+      VALUE "CompanyName", "The Git Development Community\0"
+      VALUE "FileDescription", "Git for Windows\0"
+      VALUE "InternalName", "git\0"
+      VALUE "OriginalFilename", "git.exe\0"
+      VALUE "ProductName", "Git\0"
+      VALUE "ProductVersion", GIT_VERSION "\0"
+    END
+  END
+
+  BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+  BEGIN
+    VALUE "Translation", 0x409, 1200
+  END
+END
diff --git a/git.spec.in b/git.spec.in
index b93df109c8..d61d537ef0 100644
--- a/git.spec.in
+++ b/git.spec.in
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ Group:          Development/Libraries
 Requires:       git = %{version}-%{release}
 Requires:       perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_%(eval "`%{__perl} -V:version`"; echo $version))
 BuildRequires:  perl(Error)
+BuildRequires:  perl(ExtUtils::MakeMaker)
 
 %description -n perl-Git
 Perl interface to Git
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore b/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
deleted file mode 100644
index 2247d5f95a..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/.gitignore
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-/build
-/dist
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile b/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 74b05dc91e..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Makefile for the git_remote_helpers python support modules
-#
-pysetupfile:=setup.py
-
-# Shell quote (do not use $(call) to accommodate ancient setups);
-DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
-
-ifndef PYTHON_PATH
-	ifeq ($(uname_S),FreeBSD)
-		PYTHON_PATH = /usr/local/bin/python
-	else
-		PYTHON_PATH = /usr/bin/python
-	endif
-endif
-ifndef prefix
-	prefix = $(HOME)
-endif
-ifndef V
-	QUIET = @
-	QUIETSETUP = --quiet
-endif
-
-PYLIBDIR=$(shell $(PYTHON_PATH) -c \
-	 "import sys; \
-	 print 'lib/python%i.%i/site-packages' % sys.version_info[:2]")
-
-all: $(pysetupfile)
-	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) build
-
-install: $(pysetupfile)
-	$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) install --prefix $(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)
-
-instlibdir: $(pysetupfile)
-	@echo "$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(prefix)/$(PYLIBDIR)"
-
-clean:
-	$(QUIET)$(PYTHON_PATH) $(pysetupfile) $(QUIETSETUP) clean -a
-	$(RM) *.pyo *.pyc
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 00f69cbeda..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Support library package for git remote helpers.
-
-Git remote helpers are helper commands that interfaces with a non-git
-repository to provide automatic import of non-git history into a Git
-repository.
-
-This package provides the support library needed by these helpers..
-The following modules are included:
-
-- git.git - Interaction with Git repositories
-
-- util - General utility functionality use by the other modules in
-         this package, and also used directly by the helpers.
-"""
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ee5f96d4c..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/exporter.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-import sys
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call
-
-
-class GitExporter(object):
-    """An exporter for testgit repositories.
-
-    The exporter simply delegates to git fast-export.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new exporter for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def export_repo(self, base, refs=None):
-        """Exports a fast-export stream for the given directory.
-
-        Simply delegates to git fast-epxort and pipes it through sed
-        to make the refs show up under the prefix rather than the
-        default refs/heads. This is to demonstrate how the export
-        data can be stored under it's own ref (using the refspec
-        capability).
-
-        If None, refs defaults to ["HEAD"].
-        """
-
-        if not refs:
-            refs = ["HEAD"]
-
-        dirname = self.repo.get_base_path(base)
-        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, 'testgit.marks'))
-
-        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-            os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-        print "feature relative-marks"
-        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(dirname, 'git.marks')):
-            print "feature import-marks=%s/git.marks" % self.repo.hash
-        print "feature export-marks=%s/git.marks" % self.repo.hash
-        sys.stdout.flush()
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + self.repo.gitpath, "fast-export", "--export-marks=" + path]
-
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            args.append("--import-marks=" + path)
-
-        args.extend(refs)
-
-        p1 = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-
-        args = ["sed", "s_refs/heads/_" + self.repo.prefix + "_g"]
-
-        check_call(args, stdin=p1.stdout)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 007a1bfdf3..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/git.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,678 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Functionality for interacting with Git repositories.
-
-This module provides classes for interfacing with a Git repository.
-"""
-
-import os
-import re
-import time
-from binascii import hexlify
-from cStringIO import StringIO
-import unittest
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import debug, error, die, start_command, run_command
-
-
-def get_git_dir ():
-    """Return the path to the GIT_DIR for this repo."""
-    args = ("git", "rev-parse", "--git-dir")
-    exit_code, output, errors = run_command(args)
-    if exit_code:
-        die("Failed to retrieve git dir")
-    assert not errors
-    return output.strip()
-
-
-def parse_git_config ():
-    """Return a dict containing the parsed version of 'git config -l'."""
-    exit_code, output, errors = run_command(("git", "config", "-z", "-l"))
-    if exit_code:
-        die("Failed to retrieve git configuration")
-    assert not errors
-    return dict([e.split('\n', 1) for e in output.split("\0") if e])
-
-
-def git_config_bool (value):
-    """Convert the given git config string value to True or False.
-
-    Raise ValueError if the given string was not recognized as a
-    boolean value.
-
-    """
-    norm_value = str(value).strip().lower()
-    if norm_value in ("true", "1", "yes", "on", ""):
-        return True
-    if norm_value in ("false", "0", "no", "off", "none"):
-        return False
-    raise ValueError("Failed to parse '%s' into a boolean value" % (value))
-
-
-def valid_git_ref (ref_name):
-    """Return True iff the given ref name is a valid git ref name."""
-    # The following is a reimplementation of the git check-ref-format
-    # command.  The rules were derived from the git check-ref-format(1)
-    # manual page.  This code should be replaced by a call to
-    # check_refname_format() in the git library, when such is available.
-    if ref_name.endswith('/') or \
-       ref_name.startswith('.') or \
-       ref_name.count('/.') or \
-       ref_name.count('..') or \
-       ref_name.endswith('.lock'):
-        return False
-    for c in ref_name:
-        if ord(c) < 0x20 or ord(c) == 0x7f or c in " ~^:?*[":
-            return False
-    return True
-
-
-class GitObjectFetcher(object):
-
-    """Provide parsed access to 'git cat-file --batch'.
-
-    This provides a read-only interface to the Git object database.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self):
-        """Initiate a 'git cat-file --batch' session."""
-        self.queue = []  # List of object names to be submitted
-        self.in_transit = None  # Object name currently in transit
-
-        # 'git cat-file --batch' produces binary output which is likely
-        # to be corrupted by the default "rU"-mode pipe opened by
-        # start_command.  (Mode == "rU" does universal new-line
-        # conversion, which mangles carriage returns.) Therefore, we
-        # open an explicitly binary-safe pipe for transferring the
-        # output from 'git cat-file --batch'.
-        pipe_r_fd, pipe_w_fd = os.pipe()
-        pipe_r = os.fdopen(pipe_r_fd, "rb")
-        pipe_w = os.fdopen(pipe_w_fd, "wb")
-        self.proc = start_command(("git", "cat-file", "--batch"),
-                                  stdout = pipe_w)
-        self.f = pipe_r
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify completed communication with 'git cat-file --batch'."""
-        assert not self.queue
-        assert self.in_transit is None
-        self.proc.stdin.close()
-        assert self.proc.wait() == 0  # Zero exit code
-        assert self.f.read() == ""  # No remaining output
-
-    def _submit_next_object (self):
-        """Submit queue items to the 'git cat-file --batch' process.
-
-        If there are items in the queue, and there is currently no item
-        currently in 'transit', then pop the first item off the queue,
-        and submit it.
-
-        """
-        if self.queue and self.in_transit is None:
-            self.in_transit = self.queue.pop(0)
-            print >> self.proc.stdin, self.in_transit[0]
-
-    def push (self, obj, callback):
-        """Push the given object name onto the queue.
-
-        The given callback function will at some point in the future
-        be called exactly once with the following arguments:
-        - self - this GitObjectFetcher instance
-        - obj  - the object name provided to push()
-        - sha1 - the SHA1 of the object, if 'None' obj is missing
-        - t    - the type of the object (tag/commit/tree/blob)
-        - size - the size of the object in bytes
-        - data - the object contents
-
-        """
-        self.queue.append((obj, callback))
-        self._submit_next_object()  # (Re)start queue processing
-
-    def process_next_entry (self):
-        """Read the next entry off the queue and invoke callback."""
-        obj, cb = self.in_transit
-        self.in_transit = None
-        header = self.f.readline()
-        if header == "%s missing\n" % (obj):
-            cb(self, obj, None, None, None, None)
-            return
-        sha1, t, size = header.split(" ")
-        assert len(sha1) == 40
-        assert t in ("tag", "commit", "tree", "blob")
-        assert size.endswith("\n")
-        size = int(size.strip())
-        data = self.f.read(size)
-        assert self.f.read(1) == "\n"
-        cb(self, obj, sha1, t, size, data)
-        self._submit_next_object()
-
-    def process (self):
-        """Process the current queue until empty."""
-        while self.in_transit is not None:
-            self.process_next_entry()
-
-    # High-level convenience methods:
-
-    def get_sha1 (self, objspec):
-        """Return the SHA1 of the object specified by 'objspec'.
-
-        Return None if 'objspec' does not specify an existing object.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for getting the returned SHA1."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser):
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.sha1 = None
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                # FIXME: Many unused arguments. Could this be cheaper?
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                self.sha1 = sha1
-
-        handler = _ObjHandler(self)
-        self.push(objspec, handler)
-        self.process()
-        return handler.sha1
-
-    def open_obj (self, objspec):
-        """Return a file object wrapping the contents of a named object.
-
-        The caller is responsible for calling .close() on the returned
-        file object.
-
-        Raise KeyError if 'objspec' does not exist in the repo.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for parsing the returned git object."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser):
-                """Set up helper."""
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.contents = StringIO()
-                self.err = None
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                """Git object callback (see GitObjectFetcher documentation)."""
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                if not sha1:  # Missing object
-                    self.err = "Missing object '%s'" % obj
-                else:
-                    assert size == len(data)
-                    self.contents.write(data)
-
-        handler = _ObjHandler(self)
-        self.push(objspec, handler)
-        self.process()
-        if handler.err:
-            raise KeyError(handler.err)
-        handler.contents.seek(0)
-        return handler.contents
-
-    def walk_tree (self, tree_objspec, callback, prefix = ""):
-        """Recursively walk the given Git tree object.
-
-        Recursively walk all subtrees of the given tree object, and
-        invoke the given callback passing three arguments:
-        (path, mode, data) with the path, permission bits, and contents
-        of all the blobs found in the entire tree structure.
-
-        """
-        class _ObjHandler(object):
-            """Helper class for walking a git tree structure."""
-            def __init__ (self, parser, cb, path, mode = None):
-                """Set up helper."""
-                self.parser = parser
-                self.cb = cb
-                self.path = path
-                self.mode = mode
-                self.err = None
-
-            def parse_tree (self, treedata):
-                """Parse tree object data, yield tree entries.
-
-                Each tree entry is a 3-tuple (mode, sha1, path)
-
-                self.path is prepended to all paths yielded
-                from this method.
-
-                """
-                while treedata:
-                    mode = int(treedata[:6], 10)
-                    # Turn 100xxx into xxx
-                    if mode > 100000:
-                        mode -= 100000
-                    assert treedata[6] == " "
-                    i = treedata.find("\0", 7)
-                    assert i > 0
-                    path = treedata[7:i]
-                    sha1 = hexlify(treedata[i + 1: i + 21])
-                    yield (mode, sha1, self.path + path)
-                    treedata = treedata[i + 21:]
-
-            def __call__ (self, parser, obj, sha1, t, size, data):
-                """Git object callback (see GitObjectFetcher documentation)."""
-                assert parser == self.parser
-                if not sha1:  # Missing object
-                    self.err = "Missing object '%s'" % (obj)
-                    return
-                assert size == len(data)
-                if t == "tree":
-                    if self.path:
-                        self.path += "/"
-                    # Recurse into all blobs and subtrees
-                    for m, s, p in self.parse_tree(data):
-                        parser.push(s,
-                                    self.__class__(self.parser, self.cb, p, m))
-                elif t == "blob":
-                    self.cb(self.path, self.mode, data)
-                else:
-                    raise ValueError("Unknown object type '%s'" % (t))
-
-        self.push(tree_objspec, _ObjHandler(self, callback, prefix))
-        self.process()
-
-
-class GitRefMap(object):
-
-    """Map Git ref names to the Git object names they currently point to.
-
-    Behaves like a dictionary of Git ref names -> Git object names.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, obj_fetcher):
-        """Create a new Git ref -> object map."""
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher
-        self._cache = {}  # dict: refname -> objname
-
-    def _load (self, ref):
-        """Retrieve the object currently bound to the given ref.
-
-        The name of the object pointed to by the given ref is stored
-        into this mapping, and also returned.
-
-        """
-        if ref not in self._cache:
-            self._cache[ref] = self.obj_fetcher.get_sha1(ref)
-        return self._cache[ref]
-
-    def __contains__ (self, refname):
-        """Return True if the given refname is present in this cache."""
-        return bool(self._load(refname))
-
-    def __getitem__ (self, refname):
-        """Return the git object name pointed to by the given refname."""
-        commit = self._load(refname)
-        if commit is None:
-            raise KeyError("Unknown ref '%s'" % (refname))
-        return commit
-
-    def get (self, refname, default = None):
-        """Return the git object name pointed to by the given refname."""
-        commit = self._load(refname)
-        if commit is None:
-            return default
-        return commit
-
-
-class GitFICommit(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate the data in a Git fast-import commit command."""
-
-    SHA1RE = re.compile(r'^[0-9a-f]{40}$')
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_mode (cls, mode):
-        """Verify the given git file mode, and return it as a string."""
-        assert mode in (644, 755, 100644, 100755, 120000)
-        return "%i" % (mode)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_objname (cls, objname):
-        """Return the given object name (or mark number) as a string."""
-        if isinstance(objname, int):  # Object name is a mark number
-            assert objname > 0
-            return ":%i" % (objname)
-
-        # No existence check is done, only checks for valid format
-        assert cls.SHA1RE.match(objname)  # Object name is valid SHA1
-        return objname
-
-    @classmethod
-    def quote_path (cls, path):
-        """Return a quoted version of the given path."""
-        path = path.replace("\\", "\\\\")
-        path = path.replace("\n", "\\n")
-        path = path.replace('"', '\\"')
-        return '"%s"' % (path)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def parse_path (cls, path):
-        """Verify that the given path is valid, and quote it, if needed."""
-        assert not isinstance(path, int)  # Cannot be a mark number
-
-        # These checks verify the rules on the fast-import man page
-        assert not path.count("//")
-        assert not path.endswith("/")
-        assert not path.startswith("/")
-        assert not path.count("/./")
-        assert not path.count("/../")
-        assert not path.endswith("/.")
-        assert not path.endswith("/..")
-        assert not path.startswith("./")
-        assert not path.startswith("../")
-
-        if path.count('"') + path.count('\n') + path.count('\\'):
-            return cls.quote_path(path)
-        return path
-
-    def __init__ (self, name, email, timestamp, timezone, message):
-        """Create a new Git fast-import commit, with the given metadata."""
-        self.name = name
-        self.email = email
-        self.timestamp = timestamp
-        self.timezone = timezone
-        self.message = message
-        self.pathops = []  # List of path operations in this commit
-
-    def modify (self, mode, blobname, path):
-        """Add a file modification to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("M",
-                             self.parse_mode(mode),
-                             self.parse_objname(blobname),
-                             self.parse_path(path)))
-
-    def delete (self, path):
-        """Add a file deletion to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("D", self.parse_path(path)))
-
-    def copy (self, path, newpath):
-        """Add a file copy to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("C",
-                             self.parse_path(path),
-                             self.parse_path(newpath)))
-
-    def rename (self, path, newpath):
-        """Add a file rename to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("R",
-                             self.parse_path(path),
-                             self.parse_path(newpath)))
-
-    def note (self, blobname, commit):
-        """Add a note object to this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append(("N",
-                             self.parse_objname(blobname),
-                             self.parse_objname(commit)))
-
-    def deleteall (self):
-        """Delete all files in this Git fast-import commit."""
-        self.pathops.append("deleteall")
-
-
-class TestGitFICommit(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    """GitFICommit selftests."""
-
-    def test_basic (self):
-        """GitFICommit basic selftests."""
-
-        def expect_fail (method, data):
-            """Verify that the method(data) raises an AssertionError."""
-            try:
-                method(data)
-            except AssertionError:
-                return
-            raise AssertionError("Failed test for invalid data '%s(%s)'" %
-                                 (method.__name__, repr(data)))
-
-    def test_parse_mode (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_mode() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(644), "644")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(755), "755")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(100644), "100644")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(100755), "100755")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_mode(120000), "120000")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 123)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, 600)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, "644")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_mode, "abc")
-
-    def test_parse_objname (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_objname() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname(1), ":1")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname, -1)
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname("0123456789" * 4),
-                         "0123456789" * 4)
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_objname("2468abcdef" * 4),
-                         "2468abcdef" * 4)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_objname,
-                          "abcdefghij" * 4)
-
-    def test_parse_path (self):
-        """GitFICommit.parse_path() selftests."""
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_path("foo/bar"), "foo/bar")
-        self.assertEqual(GitFICommit.parse_path("path/with\n and \" in it"),
-                         '"path/with\\n and \\" in it"')
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, 1)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, 0)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, -1)
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo//bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "/foo/bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/./bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/../bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/.")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "foo/bar/..")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "./foo/bar")
-        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, GitFICommit.parse_path, "../foo/bar")
-
-
-class GitFastImport(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate communication with git fast-import."""
-
-    def __init__ (self, f, obj_fetcher, last_mark = 0):
-        """Set up self to communicate with a fast-import process through f."""
-        self.f = f  # File object where fast-import stream is written
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher  # GitObjectFetcher instance
-        self.next_mark = last_mark + 1  # Next mark number
-        self.refs = set()  # Keep track of the refnames we've seen
-
-    def comment (self, s):
-        """Write the given comment in the fast-import stream."""
-        assert "\n" not in s, "Malformed comment: '%s'" % (s)
-        self.f.write("# %s\n" % (s))
-
-    def commit (self, ref, commitdata):
-        """Make a commit on the given ref, with the given GitFICommit.
-
-        Return the mark number identifying this commit.
-
-        """
-        self.f.write("""\
-commit %(ref)s
-mark :%(mark)i
-committer %(name)s <%(email)s> %(timestamp)i %(timezone)s
-data %(msgLength)i
-%(msg)s
-""" % {
-    'ref': ref,
-    'mark': self.next_mark,
-    'name': commitdata.name,
-    'email': commitdata.email,
-    'timestamp': commitdata.timestamp,
-    'timezone': commitdata.timezone,
-    'msgLength': len(commitdata.message),
-    'msg': commitdata.message,
-})
-
-        if ref not in self.refs:
-            self.refs.add(ref)
-            parent = ref + "^0"
-            if self.obj_fetcher.get_sha1(parent):
-                self.f.write("from %s\n" % (parent))
-
-        for op in commitdata.pathops:
-            self.f.write(" ".join(op))
-            self.f.write("\n")
-        self.f.write("\n")
-        retval = self.next_mark
-        self.next_mark += 1
-        return retval
-
-    def blob (self, data):
-        """Import the given blob.
-
-        Return the mark number identifying this blob.
-
-        """
-        self.f.write("blob\nmark :%i\ndata %i\n%s\n" %
-                     (self.next_mark, len(data), data))
-        retval = self.next_mark
-        self.next_mark += 1
-        return retval
-
-    def reset (self, ref, objname):
-        """Reset the given ref to point at the given Git object."""
-        self.f.write("reset %s\nfrom %s\n\n" %
-                     (ref, GitFICommit.parse_objname(objname)))
-        if ref not in self.refs:
-            self.refs.add(ref)
-
-
-class GitNotes(object):
-
-    """Encapsulate access to Git notes.
-
-    Simulates a dictionary of object name (SHA1) -> Git note mappings.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher):
-        """Create a new Git notes interface, bound to the given notes ref."""
-        self.notes_ref = notes_ref
-        self.obj_fetcher = obj_fetcher  # Used to get objects from repo
-        self.imports = []  # list: (objname, note data blob name) tuples
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify that self.commit_notes() was called before destruction."""
-        if self.imports:
-            error("Missing call to self.commit_notes().")
-            error("%i notes are not committed!", len(self.imports))
-
-    def _load (self, objname):
-        """Return the note data associated with the given git object.
-
-        The note data is returned in string form. If no note is found
-        for the given object, None is returned.
-
-        """
-        try:
-            f = self.obj_fetcher.open_obj("%s:%s" % (self.notes_ref, objname))
-            ret = f.read()
-            f.close()
-        except KeyError:
-            ret = None
-        return ret
-
-    def __getitem__ (self, objname):
-        """Return the note contents associated with the given object.
-
-        Raise KeyError if given object has no associated note.
-
-        """
-        blobdata = self._load(objname)
-        if blobdata is None:
-            raise KeyError("Object '%s' has no note" % (objname))
-        return blobdata
-
-    def get (self, objname, default = None):
-        """Return the note contents associated with the given object.
-
-        Return given default if given object has no associated note.
-
-        """
-        blobdata = self._load(objname)
-        if blobdata is None:
-            return default
-        return blobdata
-
-    def import_note (self, objname, data, gfi):
-        """Tell git fast-import to store data as a note for objname.
-
-        This method uses the given GitFastImport object to create a
-        blob containing the given note data.  Also an entry mapping the
-        given object name to the created blob is stored until
-        commit_notes() is called.
-
-        Note that this method only works if it is later followed by a
-        call to self.commit_notes() (which produces the note commit
-        that refers to the blob produced here).
-
-        """
-        if not data.endswith("\n"):
-            data += "\n"
-        gfi.comment("Importing note for object %s" % (objname))
-        mark = gfi.blob(data)
-        self.imports.append((objname, mark))
-
-    def commit_notes (self, gfi, author, message):
-        """Produce a git fast-import note commit for the imported notes.
-
-        This method uses the given GitFastImport object to create a
-        commit on the notes ref, introducing the notes previously
-        submitted to import_note().
-
-        """
-        if not self.imports:
-            return
-        commitdata = GitFICommit(author[0], author[1],
-                                 time.time(), "0000", message)
-        for objname, blobname in self.imports:
-            assert isinstance(objname, int) and objname > 0
-            assert isinstance(blobname, int) and blobname > 0
-            commitdata.note(blobname, objname)
-        gfi.commit(self.notes_ref, commitdata)
-        self.imports = []
-
-
-class GitCachedNotes(GitNotes):
-
-    """Encapsulate access to Git notes (cached version).
-
-    Only use this class if no caching is done at a higher level.
-
-    Simulates a dictionary of object name (SHA1) -> Git note mappings.
-
-    """
-
-    def __init__ (self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher):
-        """Set up a caching wrapper around GitNotes."""
-        GitNotes.__init__(self, notes_ref, obj_fetcher)
-        self._cache = {}  # Cache: object name -> note data
-
-    def __del__ (self):
-        """Verify that GitNotes' destructor is called."""
-        GitNotes.__del__(self)
-
-    def _load (self, objname):
-        """Extend GitNotes._load() with a local objname -> note cache."""
-        if objname not in self._cache:
-            self._cache[objname] = GitNotes._load(self, objname)
-        return self._cache[objname]
-
-    def import_note (self, objname, data, gfi):
-        """Extend GitNotes.import_note() with a local objname -> note cache."""
-        if not data.endswith("\n"):
-            data += "\n"
-        assert objname not in self._cache
-        self._cache[objname] = data
-        GitNotes.import_note(self, objname, data, gfi)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c6b595e16..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/importer.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call, check_output
-
-
-class GitImporter(object):
-    """An importer for testgit repositories.
-
-    This importer simply delegates to git fast-import.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new importer for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def get_refs(self, gitdir):
-        """Returns a dictionary with refs.
-        """
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + gitdir, "for-each-ref", "refs/heads"]
-        lines = check_output(args).strip().split('\n')
-        refs = {}
-        for line in lines:
-            value, name = line.split(' ')
-            name = name.strip('commit\t')
-            refs[name] = value
-        return refs
-
-    def do_import(self, base):
-        """Imports a fast-import stream to the given directory.
-
-        Simply delegates to git fast-import.
-        """
-
-        dirname = self.repo.get_base_path(base)
-        if self.repo.local:
-            gitdir = self.repo.gitpath
-        else:
-            gitdir = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, '.git'))
-        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(dirname, 'git.marks'))
-
-        if not os.path.exists(dirname):
-            os.makedirs(dirname)
-
-        refs_before = self.get_refs(gitdir)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + gitdir, "fast-import", "--quiet", "--export-marks=" + path]
-
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            args.append("--import-marks=" + path)
-
-        check_call(args)
-
-        refs_after = self.get_refs(gitdir)
-
-        changed = {}
-
-        for name, value in refs_after.iteritems():
-            if refs_before.get(name) == value:
-                continue
-
-            changed[name] = value
-
-        return changed
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e70025095d..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/non_local.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call, die, warn
-
-
-class NonLocalGit(object):
-    """Handler to interact with non-local repos.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, repo):
-        """Creates a new non-local handler for the specified repo.
-        """
-
-        self.repo = repo
-
-    def clone(self, base):
-        """Clones the non-local repo to base.
-
-        Does nothing if a clone already exists.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        # already cloned
-        if os.path.exists(path):
-            return path
-
-        os.makedirs(path)
-        args = ["git", "clone", "--bare", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath, path]
-
-        check_call(args)
-
-        return path
-
-    def update(self, base):
-        """Updates checkout of the non-local repo in base.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        if not os.path.exists(path):
-            die("could not find repo at %s", path)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "fetch", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath]
-        check_call(args)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "update-ref", "refs/heads/master", "FETCH_HEAD"]
-        child = check_call(args)
-
-    def push(self, base):
-        """Pushes from the non-local repo to base.
-        """
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.repo.get_base_path(base), '.git')
-
-        if not os.path.exists(path):
-            die("could not find repo at %s", path)
-
-        args = ["git", "--git-dir=" + path, "push", "--quiet", self.repo.gitpath, "--all"]
-        child = check_call(args)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py b/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py
deleted file mode 100644
index acbf8d7785..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/git/repo.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-from git_remote_helpers.util import check_call
-
-
-def sanitize(rev, sep='\t'):
-    """Converts a for-each-ref line to a name/value pair.
-    """
-
-    splitrev = rev.split(sep)
-    branchval = splitrev[0]
-    branchname = splitrev[1].strip()
-    if branchname.startswith("refs/heads/"):
-        branchname = branchname[11:]
-
-    return branchname, branchval
-
-def is_remote(url):
-    """Checks whether the specified value is a remote url.
-    """
-
-    prefixes = ["http", "file", "git"]
-
-    for prefix in prefixes:
-        if url.startswith(prefix):
-            return True
-    return False
-
-class GitRepo(object):
-    """Repo object representing a repo.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, path):
-        """Initializes a new repo at the given path.
-        """
-
-        self.path = path
-        self.head = None
-        self.revmap = {}
-        self.local = not is_remote(self.path)
-
-        if(self.path.endswith('.git')):
-            self.gitpath = self.path
-        else:
-            self.gitpath = os.path.join(self.path, '.git')
-
-        if self.local and not os.path.exists(self.gitpath):
-            os.makedirs(self.gitpath)
-
-    def get_revs(self):
-        """Fetches all revs from the remote.
-        """
-
-        args = ["git", "ls-remote", self.gitpath]
-        path = ".cached_revs"
-        ofile = open(path, "w")
-
-        check_call(args, stdout=ofile)
-        output = open(path).readlines()
-        self.revmap = dict(sanitize(i) for i in output)
-        if "HEAD" in self.revmap:
-            del self.revmap["HEAD"]
-        self.revs = self.revmap.keys()
-        ofile.close()
-
-    def get_head(self):
-        """Determines the head of a local repo.
-        """
-
-        if not self.local:
-            return
-
-        path = os.path.join(self.gitpath, "HEAD")
-        head = open(path).readline()
-        self.head, _ = sanitize(head, ' ')
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg b/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index 4bff8878d1..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/setup.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-[build]
-build_purelib = build/lib
-build_platlib = build/lib
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py b/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d434b65cb..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/setup.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Distutils build/install script for the git_remote_helpers package."""
-
-from distutils.core import setup
-
-setup(
-    name = 'git_remote_helpers',
-    version = '0.1.0',
-    description = 'Git remote helper program for non-git repositories',
-    license = 'GPLv2',
-    author = 'The Git Community',
-    author_email = 'git@vger.kernel.org',
-    url = 'http://www.git-scm.com/',
-    package_dir = {'git_remote_helpers': ''},
-    packages = ['git_remote_helpers', 'git_remote_helpers.git'],
-)
diff --git a/git_remote_helpers/util.py b/git_remote_helpers/util.py
deleted file mode 100644
index fbbb01b146..0000000000
--- a/git_remote_helpers/util.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,275 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-"""Misc. useful functionality used by the rest of this package.
-
-This module provides common functionality used by the other modules in
-this package.
-
-"""
-
-import sys
-import os
-import subprocess
-
-try:
-    from subprocess import CalledProcessError
-except ImportError:
-    # from python2.7:subprocess.py
-    # Exception classes used by this module.
-    class CalledProcessError(Exception):
-        """This exception is raised when a process run by check_call() returns
-        a non-zero exit status.  The exit status will be stored in the
-        returncode attribute."""
-        def __init__(self, returncode, cmd):
-            self.returncode = returncode
-            self.cmd = cmd
-        def __str__(self):
-            return "Command '%s' returned non-zero exit status %d" % (self.cmd, self.returncode)
-
-
-# Whether or not to show debug messages
-DEBUG = False
-
-def notify(msg, *args):
-    """Print a message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, msg % args
-
-def debug (msg, *args):
-    """Print a debug message to stderr when DEBUG is enabled."""
-    if DEBUG:
-        print >> sys.stderr, msg % args
-
-def error (msg, *args):
-    """Print an error message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, "ERROR:", msg % args
-
-def warn(msg, *args):
-    """Print a warning message to stderr."""
-    print >> sys.stderr, "warning:", msg % args
-
-def die (msg, *args):
-    """Print as error message to stderr and exit the program."""
-    error(msg, *args)
-    sys.exit(1)
-
-
-class ProgressIndicator(object):
-
-    """Simple progress indicator.
-
-    Displayed as a spinning character by default, but can be customized
-    by passing custom messages that overrides the spinning character.
-
-    """
-
-    States = ("|", "/", "-", "\\")
-
-    def __init__ (self, prefix = "", f = sys.stdout):
-        """Create a new ProgressIndicator, bound to the given file object."""
-        self.n = 0  # Simple progress counter
-        self.f = f  # Progress is written to this file object
-        self.prev_len = 0  # Length of previous msg (to be overwritten)
-        self.prefix = prefix  # Prefix prepended to each progress message
-        self.prefix_lens = [] # Stack of prefix string lengths
-
-    def pushprefix (self, prefix):
-        """Append the given prefix onto the prefix stack."""
-        self.prefix_lens.append(len(self.prefix))
-        self.prefix += prefix
-
-    def popprefix (self):
-        """Remove the last prefix from the prefix stack."""
-        prev_len = self.prefix_lens.pop()
-        self.prefix = self.prefix[:prev_len]
-
-    def __call__ (self, msg = None, lf = False):
-        """Indicate progress, possibly with a custom message."""
-        if msg is None:
-            msg = self.States[self.n % len(self.States)]
-        msg = self.prefix + msg
-        print >> self.f, "\r%-*s" % (self.prev_len, msg),
-        self.prev_len = len(msg.expandtabs())
-        if lf:
-            print >> self.f
-            self.prev_len = 0
-        self.n += 1
-
-    def finish (self, msg = "done", noprefix = False):
-        """Finalize progress indication with the given message."""
-        if noprefix:
-            self.prefix = ""
-        self(msg, True)
-
-
-def start_command (args, cwd = None, shell = False, add_env = None,
-                   stdin = subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE,
-                   stderr = subprocess.PIPE):
-    """Start the given command, and return a subprocess object.
-
-    This provides a simpler interface to the subprocess module.
-
-    """
-    env = None
-    if add_env is not None:
-        env = os.environ.copy()
-        env.update(add_env)
-    return subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize = 1, stdin = stdin, stdout = stdout,
-                            stderr = stderr, cwd = cwd, shell = shell,
-                            env = env, universal_newlines = True)
-
-
-def run_command (args, cwd = None, shell = False, add_env = None,
-                 flag_error = True):
-    """Run the given command to completion, and return its results.
-
-    This provides a simpler interface to the subprocess module.
-
-    The results are formatted as a 3-tuple: (exit_code, output, errors)
-
-    If flag_error is enabled, Error messages will be produced if the
-    subprocess terminated with a non-zero exit code and/or stderr
-    output.
-
-    The other arguments are passed on to start_command().
-
-    """
-    process = start_command(args, cwd, shell, add_env)
-    (output, errors) = process.communicate()
-    exit_code = process.returncode
-    if flag_error and errors:
-        error("'%s' returned errors:\n---\n%s---", " ".join(args), errors)
-    if flag_error and exit_code:
-        error("'%s' returned exit code %i", " ".join(args), exit_code)
-    return (exit_code, output, errors)
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    """Run command with arguments.  Wait for command to complete, then
-    return the returncode attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    retcode = call(["ls", "-l"])
-    """
-    return subprocess.Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def check_call(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    """Run command with arguments.  Wait for command to complete.  If
-    the exit code was zero then return, otherwise raise
-    CalledProcessError.  The CalledProcessError object will have the
-    return code in the returncode attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    check_call(["ls", "-l"])
-    """
-    retcode = call(*popenargs, **kwargs)
-    if retcode:
-        cmd = kwargs.get("args")
-        if cmd is None:
-            cmd = popenargs[0]
-        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
-    return 0
-
-
-# from python2.7:subprocess.py
-def check_output(*popenargs, **kwargs):
-    r"""Run command with arguments and return its output as a byte string.
-
-    If the exit code was non-zero it raises a CalledProcessError.  The
-    CalledProcessError object will have the return code in the returncode
-    attribute and output in the output attribute.
-
-    The arguments are the same as for the Popen constructor.  Example:
-
-    >>> check_output(["ls", "-l", "/dev/null"])
-    'crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Oct 18  2007 /dev/null\n'
-
-    The stdout argument is not allowed as it is used internally.
-    To capture standard error in the result, use stderr=STDOUT.
-
-    >>> check_output(["/bin/sh", "-c",
-    ...               "ls -l non_existent_file ; exit 0"],
-    ...              stderr=STDOUT)
-    'ls: non_existent_file: No such file or directory\n'
-    """
-    if 'stdout' in kwargs:
-        raise ValueError('stdout argument not allowed, it will be overridden.')
-    process = subprocess.Popen(stdout=subprocess.PIPE, *popenargs, **kwargs)
-    output, unused_err = process.communicate()
-    retcode = process.poll()
-    if retcode:
-        cmd = kwargs.get("args")
-        if cmd is None:
-            cmd = popenargs[0]
-        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
-    return output
-
-
-def file_reader_method (missing_ok = False):
-    """Decorator for simplifying reading of files.
-
-    If missing_ok is True, a failure to open a file for reading will
-    not raise the usual IOError, but instead the wrapped method will be
-    called with f == None.  The method must in this case properly
-    handle f == None.
-
-    """
-    def _wrap (method):
-        """Teach given method to handle both filenames and file objects.
-
-        The given method must take a file object as its second argument
-        (the first argument being 'self', of course).  This decorator
-        will take a filename given as the second argument and promote
-        it to a file object.
-
-        """
-        def _wrapped_method (self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
-            if isinstance(filename, file):
-                f = filename
-            else:
-                try:
-                    f = open(filename, 'r')
-                except IOError:
-                    if missing_ok:
-                        f = None
-                    else:
-                        raise
-            try:
-                return method(self, f, *args, **kwargs)
-            finally:
-                if not isinstance(filename, file) and f:
-                    f.close()
-        return _wrapped_method
-    return _wrap
-
-
-def file_writer_method (method):
-    """Decorator for simplifying writing of files.
-
-    Enables the given method to handle both filenames and file objects.
-
-    The given method must take a file object as its second argument
-    (the first argument being 'self', of course).  This decorator will
-    take a filename given as the second argument and promote it to a
-    file object.
-
-    """
-    def _new_method (self, filename, *args, **kwargs):
-        if isinstance(filename, file):
-            f = filename
-        else:
-            # Make sure the containing directory exists
-            parent_dir = os.path.dirname(filename)
-            if not os.path.isdir(parent_dir):
-                os.makedirs(parent_dir)
-            f = open(filename, 'w')
-        try:
-            return method(self, f, *args, **kwargs)
-        finally:
-            if not isinstance(filename, file):
-                f.close()
-    return _new_method
diff --git a/gitk-git/.gitignore b/gitk-git/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d7ebcaf366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/GIT-TCLTK-VARS
+/gitk-wish
diff --git a/gitk-git/Makefile b/gitk-git/Makefile
index e1b6045605..5acdc900ab 100644
--- a/gitk-git/Makefile
+++ b/gitk-git/Makefile
@@ -17,6 +17,16 @@ DESTDIR_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(DESTDIR))
 bindir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(bindir))
 TCLTK_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TCLTK_PATH))
 
+### Detect Tck/Tk interpreter path changes
+TRACK_TCLTK = $(subst ','\'',-DTCLTK_PATH='$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)')
+
+GIT-TCLTK-VARS: FORCE
+	@VARS='$(TRACK_TCLTK)'; \
+		if test x"$$VARS" != x"`cat $@ 2>/dev/null`" ; then \
+			echo 1>&2 "    * new Tcl/Tk interpreter location"; \
+			echo "$$VARS" >$@; \
+		fi
+
 ## po-file creation rules
 XGETTEXT   ?= xgettext
 ifdef NO_MSGFMT
@@ -49,9 +59,9 @@ uninstall::
 	$(RM) '$(DESTDIR_SQ)$(bindir_SQ)'/gitk
 
 clean::
-	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg
+	$(RM) gitk-wish po/*.msg GIT-TCLTK-VARS
 
-gitk-wish: gitk
+gitk-wish: gitk GIT-TCLTK-VARS
 	$(QUIET_GEN)$(RM) $@ $@+ && \
 	sed -e '1,3s|^exec .* "$$0"|exec $(subst |,'\|',$(TCLTK_PATH_SQ)) "$$0"|' <gitk >$@+ && \
 	chmod +x $@+ && \
@@ -65,3 +75,5 @@ $(ALL_MSGFILES): %.msg : %.po
 	@echo Generating catalog $@
 	$(MSGFMT) --statistics --tcl $< -l $(basename $(notdir $<)) -d $(dir $@)
 
+.PHONY: all install uninstall clean update-po
+.PHONY: FORCE
diff --git a/gitk-git/gitk b/gitk-git/gitk
index 64ef3c4013..9a2daf3c55 100755
--- a/gitk-git/gitk
+++ b/gitk-git/gitk
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # Tcl ignores the next line -*- tcl -*- \
 exec wish "$0" -- "$@"
 
-# Copyright © 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras.  All rights reserved.
+# Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras.  All rights reserved.
 # This program is free software; it may be used, copied, modified
 # and distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence,
 # either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.
@@ -14,6 +14,35 @@ proc hasworktree {} {
 		  [exec git rev-parse --is-inside-git-dir] == "false"}]
 }
 
+proc reponame {} {
+    global gitdir
+    set n [file normalize $gitdir]
+    if {[string match "*/.git" $n]} {
+	set n [string range $n 0 end-5]
+    }
+    return [file tail $n]
+}
+
+proc gitworktree {} {
+    variable _gitworktree
+    if {[info exists _gitworktree]} {
+	return $_gitworktree
+    }
+    # v1.7.0 introduced --show-toplevel to return the canonical work-tree
+    if {[catch {set _gitworktree [exec git rev-parse --show-toplevel]}]} {
+        # try to set work tree from environment, core.worktree or use
+        # cdup to obtain a relative path to the top of the worktree. If
+        # run from the top, the ./ prefix ensures normalize expands pwd.
+        if {[catch { set _gitworktree $env(GIT_WORK_TREE) }]} {
+	    catch {set _gitworktree [exec git config --get core.worktree]}
+	    if {$_gitworktree eq ""} {
+		set _gitworktree [file normalize ./[exec git rev-parse --show-cdup]]
+	    }
+        }
+    }
+    return $_gitworktree
+}
+
 # A simple scheduler for compute-intensive stuff.
 # The aim is to make sure that event handlers for GUI actions can
 # run at least every 50-100 ms.  Unfortunately fileevent handlers are
@@ -127,10 +156,12 @@ proc unmerged_files {files} {
 
 proc parseviewargs {n arglist} {
     global vdatemode vmergeonly vflags vdflags vrevs vfiltered vorigargs env
+    global vinlinediff
     global worddiff git_version
 
     set vdatemode($n) 0
     set vmergeonly($n) 0
+    set vinlinediff($n) 0
     set glflags {}
     set diffargs {}
     set nextisval 0
@@ -198,12 +229,20 @@ proc parseviewargs {n arglist} {
 	    "--until=*" - "--before=*" - "--max-age=*" - "--min-age=*" -
 	    "--author=*" - "--committer=*" - "--grep=*" - "-[iE]" -
 	    "--remove-empty" - "--first-parent" - "--cherry-pick" -
-	    "-S*" - "--pickaxe-all" - "--pickaxe-regex" -
+	    "-S*" - "-G*" - "--pickaxe-all" - "--pickaxe-regex" -
 	    "--simplify-by-decoration" {
 		# These mean that we get a subset of the commits
 		set filtered 1
 		lappend glflags $arg
 	    }
+	    "-L*" {
+		# Line-log with 'stuck' argument (unstuck form is
+		# not supported)
+		set filtered 1
+		set vinlinediff($n) 1
+		set allknown 0
+		lappend glflags $arg
+	    }
 	    "-n" {
 		# This appears to be the only one that has a value as a
 		# separate word following it
@@ -255,6 +294,8 @@ proc parseviewrevs {view revs} {
 
     if {$revs eq {}} {
 	set revs HEAD
+    } elseif {[lsearch -exact $revs --all] >= 0} {
+	lappend revs HEAD
     }
     if {[catch {set ids [eval exec git rev-parse $revs]} err]} {
 	# we get stdout followed by stderr in $err
@@ -406,7 +447,7 @@ proc stop_instance {inst} {
 	set pid [pid $fd]
 
 	if {$::tcl_platform(platform) eq {windows}} {
-	    exec kill -f $pid
+	    exec taskkill /pid $pid
 	} else {
 	    exec kill $pid
 	}
@@ -612,12 +653,16 @@ proc varcinit {view} {
 
 proc resetvarcs {view} {
     global varcid varccommits parents children vseedcount ordertok
+    global vshortids
 
     foreach vid [array names varcid $view,*] {
 	unset varcid($vid)
 	unset children($vid)
 	unset parents($vid)
     }
+    foreach vid [array names vshortids $view,*] {
+	unset vshortids($vid)
+    }
     # some commits might have children but haven't been seen yet
     foreach vid [array names children $view,*] {
 	unset children($vid)
@@ -904,7 +949,7 @@ proc fix_reversal {p a v} {
 proc insertrow {id p v} {
     global cmitlisted children parents varcid varctok vtokmod
     global varccommits ordertok commitidx numcommits curview
-    global targetid targetrow
+    global targetid targetrow vshortids
 
     readcommit $id
     set vid $v,$id
@@ -913,6 +958,7 @@ proc insertrow {id p v} {
     set parents($vid) [list $p]
     set a [newvarc $v $id]
     set varcid($vid) $a
+    lappend vshortids($v,[string range $id 0 3]) $id
     if {[string compare [lindex $varctok($v) $a] $vtokmod($v)] < 0} {
 	modify_arc $v $a
     }
@@ -1368,7 +1414,7 @@ proc getcommitlines {fd inst view updating}  {
     global commitidx commitdata vdatemode
     global parents children curview hlview
     global idpending ordertok
-    global varccommits varcid varctok vtokmod vfilelimit
+    global varccommits varcid varctok vtokmod vfilelimit vshortids
 
     set stuff [read $fd 500000]
     # git log doesn't terminate the last commit with a null...
@@ -1468,6 +1514,8 @@ proc getcommitlines {fd inst view updating}  {
 	set id [lindex $ids 0]
 	set vid $view,$id
 
+	lappend vshortids($view,[string range $id 0 3]) $id
+
 	if {!$listed && $updating && ![info exists varcid($vid)] &&
 	    $vfilelimit($view) ne {}} {
 	    # git log doesn't rewrite parents for unlisted commits
@@ -1668,8 +1716,17 @@ proc parsecommit {id contents listed} {
 	set comment $newcomment
     }
     set hasnote [string first "\nNotes:\n" $contents]
+    set diff ""
+    # If there is diff output shown in the git-log stream, split it
+    # out.  But get rid of the empty line that always precedes the
+    # diff.
+    set i [string first "\n\ndiff" $comment]
+    if {$i >= 0} {
+	set diff [string range $comment $i+1 end]
+	set comment [string range $comment 0 $i-1]
+    }
     set commitinfo($id) [list $headline $auname $audate \
-			     $comname $comdate $comment $hasnote]
+			     $comname $comdate $comment $hasnote $diff]
 }
 
 proc getcommit {id} {
@@ -1690,11 +1747,26 @@ proc getcommit {id} {
 # and are present in the current view.
 # This is fairly slow...
 proc longid {prefix} {
-    global varcid curview
+    global varcid curview vshortids
 
     set ids {}
-    foreach match [array names varcid "$curview,$prefix*"] {
-	lappend ids [lindex [split $match ","] 1]
+    if {[string length $prefix] >= 4} {
+	set vshortid $curview,[string range $prefix 0 3]
+	if {[info exists vshortids($vshortid)]} {
+	    foreach id $vshortids($vshortid) {
+		if {[string match "$prefix*" $id]} {
+		    if {[lsearch -exact $ids $id] < 0} {
+			lappend ids $id
+			if {[llength $ids] >= 2} break
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+    } else {
+	foreach match [array names varcid "$curview,$prefix*"] {
+	    lappend ids [lindex [split $match ","] 1]
+	    if {[llength $ids] >= 2} break
+	}
     }
     return $ids
 }
@@ -1947,6 +2019,9 @@ proc mca {str} {
     return [string map {&& & & {}} [mc $str]]
 }
 
+proc cleardropsel {w} {
+    $w selection clear
+}
 proc makedroplist {w varname args} {
     global use_ttk
     if {$use_ttk} {
@@ -1956,7 +2031,9 @@ proc makedroplist {w varname args} {
             if {$cx > $width} {set width $cx}
         }
 	set gm [ttk::combobox $w -width $width -state readonly\
-		    -textvariable $varname -values $args]
+		    -textvariable $varname -values $args \
+		    -exportselection false]
+	bind $gm <<ComboboxSelected>> [list $gm selection clear]
     } else {
 	set gm [eval [linsert $args 0 tk_optionMenu $w $varname]]
     }
@@ -1975,6 +2052,9 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     global highlight_files gdttype
     global searchstring sstring
     global bgcolor fgcolor bglist fglist diffcolors selectbgcolor
+    global uifgcolor uifgdisabledcolor
+    global filesepbgcolor filesepfgcolor
+    global mergecolors foundbgcolor currentsearchhitbgcolor
     global headctxmenu progresscanv progressitem progresscoords statusw
     global fprogitem fprogcoord lastprogupdate progupdatepending
     global rprogitem rprogcoord rownumsel numcommits
@@ -1987,7 +2067,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     set file {
 	mc "File" cascade {
 	    {mc "Update" command updatecommits -accelerator F5}
-	    {mc "Reload" command reloadcommits -accelerator Meta1-F5}
+	    {mc "Reload" command reloadcommits -accelerator Shift-F5}
 	    {mc "Reread references" command rereadrefs}
 	    {mc "List references" command showrefs -accelerator F2}
 	    {xx "" separator}
@@ -2110,7 +2190,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     trace add variable sha1string write sha1change
     pack $sha1entry -side left -pady 2
 
-    image create bitmap bm-left -data {
+    set bm_left_data {
 	#define left_width 16
 	#define left_height 16
 	static unsigned char left_bits[] = {
@@ -2118,7 +2198,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	0x0e, 0x00, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x00,
 	0x38, 0x00, 0x70, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x01};
     }
-    image create bitmap bm-right -data {
+    set bm_right_data {
 	#define right_width 16
 	#define right_height 16
 	static unsigned char right_bits[] = {
@@ -2126,11 +2206,24 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	0x00, 0x38, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0xff, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x1c,
 	0x00, 0x0e, 0x00, 0x07, 0x80, 0x03, 0xc0, 0x01};
     }
-    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -image bm-left -command goback \
-	-state disabled -width 26
+    image create bitmap bm-left -data $bm_left_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-left-gray -data $bm_left_data -foreground $uifgdisabledcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-right -data $bm_right_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    image create bitmap bm-right-gray -data $bm_right_data -foreground $uifgdisabledcolor
+
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.leftbut -command goback -state disabled -width 26
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut configure -image [list bm-left disabled bm-left-gray]
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.leftbut configure -image bm-left
+    }
     pack .tf.bar.leftbut -side left -fill y
-    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -image bm-right -command goforw \
-	-state disabled -width 26
+    ${NS}::button .tf.bar.rightbut -command goforw -state disabled -width 26
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut configure -image [list bm-right disabled bm-right-gray]
+    } else {
+	.tf.bar.rightbut configure -image bm-right
+    }
     pack .tf.bar.rightbut -side left -fill y
 
     ${NS}::label .tf.bar.rowlabel -text [mc "Row"]
@@ -2172,16 +2265,43 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 
     # build up the bottom bar of upper window
     ${NS}::label .tf.lbar.flabel -text "[mc "Find"] "
-    ${NS}::button .tf.lbar.fnext -text [mc "next"] -command {dofind 1 1}
-    ${NS}::button .tf.lbar.fprev -text [mc "prev"] -command {dofind -1 1}
+
+    set bm_down_data {
+	#define down_width 16
+	#define down_height 16
+	static unsigned char down_bits[] = {
+	0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01,
+	0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01,
+	0x87, 0xe1, 0x8e, 0x71, 0x9c, 0x39, 0xb8, 0x1d,
+	0xf0, 0x0f, 0xe0, 0x07, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x80, 0x01};
+    }
+    image create bitmap bm-down -data $bm_down_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    ${NS}::button .tf.lbar.fnext -width 26 -command {dofind 1 1}
+    .tf.lbar.fnext configure -image bm-down
+
+    set bm_up_data {
+	#define up_width 16
+	#define up_height 16
+	static unsigned char up_bits[] = {
+	0x80, 0x01, 0xc0, 0x03, 0xe0, 0x07, 0xf0, 0x0f,
+	0xb8, 0x1d, 0x9c, 0x39, 0x8e, 0x71, 0x87, 0xe1,
+	0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01,
+	0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01, 0x80, 0x01};
+    }
+    image create bitmap bm-up -data $bm_up_data -foreground $uifgcolor
+    ${NS}::button .tf.lbar.fprev -width 26 -command {dofind -1 1}
+    .tf.lbar.fprev configure -image bm-up
+
     ${NS}::label .tf.lbar.flab2 -text " [mc "commit"] "
+
     pack .tf.lbar.flabel .tf.lbar.fnext .tf.lbar.fprev .tf.lbar.flab2 \
 	-side left -fill y
     set gdttype [mc "containing:"]
     set gm [makedroplist .tf.lbar.gdttype gdttype \
 		[mc "containing:"] \
 		[mc "touching paths:"] \
-		[mc "adding/removing string:"]]
+		[mc "adding/removing string:"] \
+		[mc "changing lines matching:"]]
     trace add variable gdttype write gdttype_change
     pack .tf.lbar.gdttype -side left -fill y
 
@@ -2285,31 +2405,34 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     lappend fglist $ctext
 
     $ctext tag conf comment -wrap $wrapcomment
-    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -back "#aaaaaa"
+    $ctext tag conf filesep -font textfontbold -fore $filesepfgcolor -back $filesepbgcolor
     $ctext tag conf hunksep -fore [lindex $diffcolors 2]
     $ctext tag conf d0 -fore [lindex $diffcolors 0]
     $ctext tag conf dresult -fore [lindex $diffcolors 1]
-    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore red
-    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore blue
-    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore green
-    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore purple
-    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore brown
-    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore "#009090"
-    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore magenta
-    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore "#808000"
-    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore "#009000"
-    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore "#ff0080"
-    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore cyan
-    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore "#b07070"
-    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore "#70b0f0"
-    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore "#70f0b0"
-    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore "#f0b070"
-    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore "#ff70b0"
+    $ctext tag conf m0 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 0]
+    $ctext tag conf m1 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 1]
+    $ctext tag conf m2 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 2]
+    $ctext tag conf m3 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 3]
+    $ctext tag conf m4 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 4]
+    $ctext tag conf m5 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 5]
+    $ctext tag conf m6 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 6]
+    $ctext tag conf m7 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 7]
+    $ctext tag conf m8 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 8]
+    $ctext tag conf m9 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 9]
+    $ctext tag conf m10 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 10]
+    $ctext tag conf m11 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 11]
+    $ctext tag conf m12 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 12]
+    $ctext tag conf m13 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 13]
+    $ctext tag conf m14 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 14]
+    $ctext tag conf m15 -fore [lindex $mergecolors 15]
     $ctext tag conf mmax -fore darkgrey
     set mergemax 16
     $ctext tag conf mresult -font textfontbold
     $ctext tag conf msep -font textfontbold
-    $ctext tag conf found -back yellow
+    $ctext tag conf found -back $foundbgcolor
+    $ctext tag conf currentsearchhit -back $currentsearchhitbgcolor
+    $ctext tag conf wwrap -wrap word -lmargin2 1c
+    $ctext tag conf bold -font textfontbold
 
     .pwbottom add .bleft
     if {!$use_ttk} {
@@ -2393,6 +2516,13 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     } else {
 	bindall <ButtonRelease-4> "allcanvs yview scroll -5 units"
 	bindall <ButtonRelease-5> "allcanvs yview scroll 5 units"
+	bind $ctext <Button> {
+	    if {"%b" eq 6} {
+		$ctext xview scroll -5 units
+	    } elseif {"%b" eq 7} {
+		$ctext xview scroll 5 units
+	    }
+	}
         if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
             bindall <MouseWheel> {
                 set delta [expr {- (%D)}]
@@ -2444,10 +2574,9 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     bindkey ? {dofind -1 1}
     bindkey f nextfile
     bind . <F5> updatecommits
-    bind . <$M1B-F5> reloadcommits
+    bindmodfunctionkey Shift 5 reloadcommits
     bind . <F2> showrefs
-    bind . <Shift-F4> {newview 0}
-    catch { bind . <Shift-Key-XF86_Switch_VT_4> {newview 0} }
+    bindmodfunctionkey Shift 4 {newview 0}
     bind . <F4> edit_or_newview
     bind . <$M1B-q> doquit
     bind . <$M1B-f> {dofind 1 1}
@@ -2465,6 +2594,7 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     bind $fstring <Key-Return> {dofind 1 1}
     bind $sha1entry <Key-Return> {gotocommit; break}
     bind $sha1entry <<PasteSelection>> clearsha1
+    bind $sha1entry <<Paste>> clearsha1
     bind $cflist <1> {sel_flist %W %x %y; break}
     bind $cflist <B1-Motion> {sel_flist %W %x %y; break}
     bind $cflist <ButtonRelease-1> {treeclick %W %x %y}
@@ -2472,6 +2602,10 @@ proc makewindow {} {
     bind $cflist $ctxbut {pop_flist_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext $ctxbut {pop_diff_menu %W %X %Y %x %y}
     bind $ctext <Button-1> {focus %W}
+    bind $ctext <<Selection>> rehighlight_search_results
+    for {set i 1} {$i < 10} {incr i} {
+	bind . <$M1B-Key-$i> [list go_to_parent $i]
+    }
 
     set maincursor [. cget -cursor]
     set textcursor [$ctext cget -cursor]
@@ -2491,6 +2625,9 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	{mc "Return to mark" command gotomark}
 	{mc "Find descendant of this and mark" command find_common_desc}
 	{mc "Compare with marked commit" command compare_commits}
+	{mc "Diff this -> marked commit" command {diffvsmark 0}}
+	{mc "Diff marked commit -> this" command {diffvsmark 1}}
+	{mc "Revert this commit" command revert}
     }
     $rowctxmenu configure -tearoff 0
 
@@ -2499,6 +2636,8 @@ proc makewindow {} {
 	{mc "Diff this -> selected" command {diffvssel 0}}
 	{mc "Diff selected -> this" command {diffvssel 1}}
 	{mc "Make patch" command mkpatch}
+	{mc "Diff this -> marked commit" command {diffvsmark 0}}
+	{mc "Diff marked commit -> this" command {diffvsmark 1}}
     }
     $fakerowmenu configure -tearoff 0
 
@@ -2591,6 +2730,11 @@ proc bindkey {ev script} {
     }
 }
 
+proc bindmodfunctionkey {mod n script} {
+    bind . <$mod-F$n> $script
+    catch { bind . <$mod-XF86_Switch_VT_$n> $script }
+}
+
 # set the focus back to the toplevel for any click outside
 # the entry widgets
 proc click {w} {
@@ -2639,57 +2783,87 @@ proc doprogupdate {} {
     }
 }
 
+proc config_check_tmp_exists {tries_left} {
+    global config_file_tmp
+
+    if {[file exists $config_file_tmp]} {
+	incr tries_left -1
+	if {$tries_left > 0} {
+	    after 100 [list config_check_tmp_exists $tries_left]
+	} else {
+	    error_popup "There appears to be a stale $config_file_tmp\
+ file, which will prevent gitk from saving its configuration on exit.\
+ Please remove it if it is not being used by any existing gitk process."
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+proc config_init_trace {name} {
+    global config_variable_changed config_variable_original
+
+    upvar #0 $name var
+    set config_variable_changed($name) 0
+    set config_variable_original($name) $var
+}
+
+proc config_variable_change_cb {name name2 op} {
+    global config_variable_changed config_variable_original
+
+    upvar #0 $name var
+    if {$op eq "write" &&
+	(![info exists config_variable_original($name)] ||
+	 $config_variable_original($name) ne $var)} {
+	set config_variable_changed($name) 1
+    }
+}
+
 proc savestuff {w} {
-    global canv canv2 canv3 mainfont textfont uifont tabstop
-    global stuffsaved findmergefiles maxgraphpct
-    global maxwidth showneartags showlocalchanges
-    global viewname viewfiles viewargs viewargscmd viewperm nextviewnum
-    global cmitmode wrapcomment datetimeformat limitdiffs
-    global colors uicolor bgcolor fgcolor diffcolors diffcontext selectbgcolor
-    global autoselect autosellen extdifftool perfile_attrs markbgcolor use_ttk
-    global hideremotes want_ttk
+    global stuffsaved
+    global config_file config_file_tmp
+    global config_variables config_variable_changed
+    global viewchanged
+
+    upvar #0 viewname current_viewname
+    upvar #0 viewfiles current_viewfiles
+    upvar #0 viewargs current_viewargs
+    upvar #0 viewargscmd current_viewargscmd
+    upvar #0 viewperm current_viewperm
+    upvar #0 nextviewnum current_nextviewnum
+    upvar #0 use_ttk current_use_ttk
 
     if {$stuffsaved} return
     if {![winfo viewable .]} return
-    catch {
-	if {[file exists ~/.gitk-new]} {file delete -force ~/.gitk-new}
-	set f [open "~/.gitk-new" w]
+    set remove_tmp 0
+    if {[catch {
+	set try_count 0
+	while {[catch {set f [open $config_file_tmp {WRONLY CREAT EXCL}]}]} {
+	    if {[incr try_count] > 50} {
+		error "Unable to write config file: $config_file_tmp exists"
+	    }
+	    after 100
+	}
+	set remove_tmp 1
 	if {$::tcl_platform(platform) eq {windows}} {
-	    file attributes "~/.gitk-new" -hidden true
-	}
-	puts $f [list set mainfont $mainfont]
-	puts $f [list set textfont $textfont]
-	puts $f [list set uifont $uifont]
-	puts $f [list set tabstop $tabstop]
-	puts $f [list set findmergefiles $findmergefiles]
-	puts $f [list set maxgraphpct $maxgraphpct]
-	puts $f [list set maxwidth $maxwidth]
-	puts $f [list set cmitmode $cmitmode]
-	puts $f [list set wrapcomment $wrapcomment]
-	puts $f [list set autoselect $autoselect]
-	puts $f [list set autosellen $autosellen]
-	puts $f [list set showneartags $showneartags]
-	puts $f [list set hideremotes $hideremotes]
-	puts $f [list set showlocalchanges $showlocalchanges]
-	puts $f [list set datetimeformat $datetimeformat]
-	puts $f [list set limitdiffs $limitdiffs]
-	puts $f [list set uicolor $uicolor]
-	puts $f [list set want_ttk $want_ttk]
-	puts $f [list set bgcolor $bgcolor]
-	puts $f [list set fgcolor $fgcolor]
-	puts $f [list set colors $colors]
-	puts $f [list set diffcolors $diffcolors]
-	puts $f [list set markbgcolor $markbgcolor]
-	puts $f [list set diffcontext $diffcontext]
-	puts $f [list set selectbgcolor $selectbgcolor]
-	puts $f [list set extdifftool $extdifftool]
-	puts $f [list set perfile_attrs $perfile_attrs]
+	    file attributes $config_file_tmp -hidden true
+	}
+	if {[file exists $config_file]} {
+	    source $config_file
+	}
+	foreach var_name $config_variables {
+	    upvar #0 $var_name var
+	    upvar 0 $var_name old_var
+	    if {!$config_variable_changed($var_name) && [info exists old_var]} {
+		puts $f [list set $var_name $old_var]
+	    } else {
+		puts $f [list set $var_name $var]
+	    }
+	}
 
 	puts $f "set geometry(main) [wm geometry .]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(state) [wm state .]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(topwidth) [winfo width .tf]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(topheight) [winfo height .tf]"
-	if {$use_ttk} {
+	if {$current_use_ttk} {
 	    puts $f "set geometry(pwsash0) \"[.tf.histframe.pwclist sashpos 0] 1\""
 	    puts $f "set geometry(pwsash1) \"[.tf.histframe.pwclist sashpos 1] 1\""
 	} else {
@@ -2699,15 +2873,43 @@ proc savestuff {w} {
 	puts $f "set geometry(botwidth) [winfo width .bleft]"
 	puts $f "set geometry(botheight) [winfo height .bleft]"
 
+	array set view_save {}
+	array set views {}
+	if {![info exists permviews]} { set permviews {} }
+	foreach view $permviews {
+	    set view_save([lindex $view 0]) 1
+	    set views([lindex $view 0]) $view
+	}
 	puts -nonewline $f "set permviews {"
-	for {set v 0} {$v < $nextviewnum} {incr v} {
-	    if {$viewperm($v)} {
-		puts $f "{[list $viewname($v) $viewfiles($v) $viewargs($v) $viewargscmd($v)]}"
+	for {set v 1} {$v < $current_nextviewnum} {incr v} {
+	    if {$viewchanged($v)} {
+		if {$current_viewperm($v)} {
+		    set views($current_viewname($v)) [list $current_viewname($v) $current_viewfiles($v) $current_viewargs($v) $current_viewargscmd($v)]
+		} else {
+		    set view_save($current_viewname($v)) 0
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	# write old and updated view to their places and append remaining to the end
+	foreach view $permviews {
+	    set view_name [lindex $view 0]
+	    if {$view_save($view_name)} {
+		puts $f "{$views($view_name)}"
 	    }
+	    unset views($view_name)
+	}
+	foreach view_name [array names views] {
+	    puts $f "{$views($view_name)}"
 	}
 	puts $f "}"
 	close $f
-	file rename -force "~/.gitk-new" "~/.gitk"
+	file rename -force $config_file_tmp $config_file
+	set remove_tmp 0
+    } err]} {
+        puts "Error saving config: $err"
+    }
+    if {$remove_tmp} {
+	file delete -force $config_file_tmp
     }
     set stuffsaved 1
 }
@@ -2809,7 +3011,7 @@ proc about {} {
     message $w.m -text [mc "
 Gitk - a commit viewer for git
 
-Copyright \u00a9 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras
+Copyright \u00a9 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras
 
 Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"] \
 	    -justify center -aspect 400 -border 2 -bg white -relief groove
@@ -2848,6 +3050,7 @@ proc keys {} {
 [mc "<Down>, n, j	Move down one commit"]
 [mc "<Left>, z, h	Go back in history list"]
 [mc "<Right>, x, l	Go forward in history list"]
+[mc "<%s-n>	Go to n-th parent of current commit in history list" $M1T]
 [mc "<PageUp>	Move up one page in commit list"]
 [mc "<PageDown>	Move down one page in commit list"]
 [mc "<%s-Home>	Scroll to top of commit list" $M1T]
@@ -3254,6 +3457,7 @@ proc sel_flist {w x y} {
     } else {
 	catch {$ctext yview [lindex $difffilestart [expr {$l - 2}]]}
     }
+    suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
 }
 
 proc pop_flist_menu {w X Y x y} {
@@ -3324,10 +3528,20 @@ proc flist_hl {only} {
 }
 
 proc gitknewtmpdir {} {
-    global diffnum gitktmpdir gitdir
+    global diffnum gitktmpdir gitdir env
 
     if {![info exists gitktmpdir]} {
-	set gitktmpdir [file join $gitdir [format ".gitk-tmp.%s" [pid]]]
+	if {[info exists env(GITK_TMPDIR)]} {
+	    set tmpdir $env(GITK_TMPDIR)
+	} elseif {[info exists env(TMPDIR)]} {
+	    set tmpdir $env(TMPDIR)
+	} else {
+	    set tmpdir $gitdir
+	}
+	set gitktmpformat [file join $tmpdir ".gitk-tmp.XXXXXX"]
+	if {[catch {set gitktmpdir [exec mktemp -d $gitktmpformat]}]} {
+	    set gitktmpdir [file join $gitdir [format ".gitk-tmp.%s" [pid]]]
+	}
 	if {[catch {file mkdir $gitktmpdir} err]} {
 	    error_popup "[mc "Error creating temporary directory %s:" $gitktmpdir] $err"
 	    unset gitktmpdir
@@ -3702,7 +3916,7 @@ proc read_line_source {fd inst} {
 	    set id $nullid2
 	}
 	if {[commitinview $id $curview]} {
-	    selectline [rowofcommit $id] 1 [list $fname $lnum]
+	    selectline [rowofcommit $id] 1 [list $fname $lnum] 1
 	} else {
 	    error_popup [mc "That line comes from commit %s, \
 			     which is not in this view" [shortids $id]]
@@ -3852,6 +4066,7 @@ set known_view_options {
     {committer t15  .  "--committer=*"  {mc "Committer:"}}
     {loginfo   t15  .. "--grep=*"       {mc "Commit Message:"}}
     {allmatch  b    .. "--all-match"    {mc "Matches all Commit Info criteria"}}
+    {igrep     b    .. "--invert-grep"  {mc "Matches none Commit Info criteria"}}
     {changes_l l    +  {}               {mc "Changes to Files:"}}
     {pickaxe_s r0   .  {}               {mc "Fixed String"}}
     {pickaxe_t r1   .  "--pickaxe-regex"  {mc "Regular Expression"}}
@@ -4113,7 +4328,7 @@ proc allviewmenus {n op args} {
 
 proc newviewok {top n {apply 0}} {
     global nextviewnum newviewperm newviewname newishighlight
-    global viewname viewfiles viewperm selectedview curview
+    global viewname viewfiles viewperm viewchanged selectedview curview
     global viewargs viewargscmd newviewopts viewhlmenu
 
     if {[catch {
@@ -4134,6 +4349,7 @@ proc newviewok {top n {apply 0}} {
 	incr nextviewnum
 	set viewname($n) $newviewname($n)
 	set viewperm($n) $newviewopts($n,perm)
+	set viewchanged($n) 1
 	set viewfiles($n) $files
 	set viewargs($n) $newargs
 	set viewargscmd($n) $newviewopts($n,cmd)
@@ -4146,6 +4362,7 @@ proc newviewok {top n {apply 0}} {
     } else {
 	# editing an existing view
 	set viewperm($n) $newviewopts($n,perm)
+	set viewchanged($n) 1
 	if {$newviewname($n) ne $viewname($n)} {
 	    set viewname($n) $newviewname($n)
 	    doviewmenu .bar.view 5 [list showview $n] \
@@ -4168,7 +4385,7 @@ proc newviewok {top n {apply 0}} {
 }
 
 proc delview {} {
-    global curview viewperm hlview selectedhlview
+    global curview viewperm hlview selectedhlview viewchanged
 
     if {$curview == 0} return
     if {[info exists hlview] && $hlview == $curview} {
@@ -4177,6 +4394,7 @@ proc delview {} {
     }
     allviewmenus $curview delete
     set viewperm($curview) 0
+    set viewchanged($curview) 1
     showview 0
 }
 
@@ -4540,6 +4758,8 @@ proc do_file_hl {serial} {
 	set gdtargs [concat -- $relative_paths]
     } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "adding/removing string:"]} {
 	set gdtargs [list "-S$highlight_files"]
+    } elseif {$gdttype eq [mc "changing lines matching:"]} {
+	set gdtargs [list "-G$highlight_files"]
     } else {
 	# must be "containing:", i.e. we're searching commit info
 	return
@@ -4630,8 +4850,9 @@ proc askfindhighlight {row id} {
     }
     set info $commitinfo($id)
     set isbold 0
-    set fldtypes [list [mc Headline] [mc Author] [mc Date] [mc Committer] [mc CDate] [mc Comments]]
+    set fldtypes [list [mc Headline] [mc Author] "" [mc Committer] "" [mc Comments]]
     foreach f $info ty $fldtypes {
+	if {$ty eq ""} continue
 	if {($findloc eq [mc "All fields"] || $findloc eq $ty) &&
 	    [doesmatch $f]} {
 	    if {$ty eq [mc "Author"]} {
@@ -5034,11 +5255,15 @@ proc dohidelocalchanges {} {
 # spawn off a process to do git diff-index --cached HEAD
 proc dodiffindex {} {
     global lserial showlocalchanges vfilelimit curview
-    global hasworktree
+    global hasworktree git_version
 
     if {!$showlocalchanges || !$hasworktree} return
     incr lserial
-    set cmd "|git diff-index --cached HEAD"
+    if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.7.2"] >= 0} {
+	set cmd "|git diff-index --cached --ignore-submodules=dirty HEAD"
+    } else {
+	set cmd "|git diff-index --cached HEAD"
+    }
     if {$vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
 	set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
     }
@@ -5847,15 +6072,17 @@ proc drawcmittext {id row col} {
     global linehtag linentag linedtag selectedline
     global canvxmax boldids boldnameids fgcolor markedid
     global mainheadid nullid nullid2 circleitem circlecolors ctxbut
+    global mainheadcirclecolor workingfilescirclecolor indexcirclecolor
+    global circleoutlinecolor
 
     # listed is 0 for boundary, 1 for normal, 2 for negative, 3 for left, 4 for right
     set listed $cmitlisted($curview,$id)
     if {$id eq $nullid} {
-	set ofill red
+	set ofill $workingfilescirclecolor
     } elseif {$id eq $nullid2} {
-	set ofill green
+	set ofill $indexcirclecolor
     } elseif {$id eq $mainheadid} {
-	set ofill yellow
+	set ofill $mainheadcirclecolor
     } else {
 	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $listed]
     }
@@ -5865,21 +6092,21 @@ proc drawcmittext {id row col} {
     if {$listed <= 2} {
 	set t [$canv create oval [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     } elseif {$listed == 3} {
 	# triangle pointing left for left-side commits
 	set t [$canv create polygon \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] $y \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     } else {
 	# triangle pointing right for right-side commits
 	set t [$canv create polygon \
 		   [expr {$x + $orad - 1}] $y \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y - $orad}] \
 		   [expr {$x - $orad}] [expr {$y + $orad - 1}] \
-		   -fill $ofill -outline $fgcolor -width 1 -tags circle]
+		   -fill $ofill -outline $circleoutlinecolor -width 1 -tags circle]
     }
     set circleitem($row) $t
     $canv raise $t
@@ -6263,17 +6490,57 @@ proc bindline {t id} {
     $canv bind $t <Button-1> "lineclick %x %y $id 1"
 }
 
+proc graph_pane_width {} {
+    global use_ttk
+
+    if {$use_ttk} {
+	set g [.tf.histframe.pwclist sashpos 0]
+    } else {
+	set g [.tf.histframe.pwclist sash coord 0]
+    }
+    return [lindex $g 0]
+}
+
+proc totalwidth {l font extra} {
+    set tot 0
+    foreach str $l {
+	set tot [expr {$tot + [font measure $font $str] + $extra}]
+    }
+    return $tot
+}
+
 proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
     global idtags idheads idotherrefs mainhead
     global linespc lthickness
     global canv rowtextx curview fgcolor bgcolor ctxbut
+    global headbgcolor headfgcolor headoutlinecolor remotebgcolor
+    global tagbgcolor tagfgcolor tagoutlinecolor
+    global reflinecolor
 
     set marks {}
     set ntags 0
     set nheads 0
+    set singletag 0
+    set maxtags 3
+    set maxtagpct 25
+    set maxwidth [expr {[graph_pane_width] * $maxtagpct / 100}]
+    set delta [expr {int(0.5 * ($linespc - $lthickness))}]
+    set extra [expr {$delta + $lthickness + $linespc}]
+
     if {[info exists idtags($id)]} {
 	set marks $idtags($id)
 	set ntags [llength $marks]
+	if {$ntags > $maxtags ||
+	    [totalwidth $marks mainfont $extra] > $maxwidth} {
+	    # show just a single "n tags..." tag
+	    set singletag 1
+	    if {$ntags == 1} {
+		set marks [list "tag..."]
+	    } else {
+		set marks [list [format "%d tags..." $ntags]]
+	    }
+	    set ntags 1
+	}
     }
     if {[info exists idheads($id)]} {
 	set marks [concat $marks $idheads($id)]
@@ -6286,7 +6553,6 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 	return $xt
     }
 
-    set delta [expr {int(0.5 * ($linespc - $lthickness))}]
     set yt [expr {$y1 - 0.5 * $linespc}]
     set yb [expr {$yt + $linespc - 1}]
     set xvals {}
@@ -6301,10 +6567,10 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 	}
 	lappend xvals $xt
 	lappend wvals $wid
-	set xt [expr {$xt + $delta + $wid + $lthickness + $linespc}]
+	set xt [expr {$xt + $wid + $extra}]
     }
     set t [$canv create line $x $y1 [lindex $xvals end] $y1 \
-	       -width $lthickness -fill black -tags tag.$id]
+	       -width $lthickness -fill $reflinecolor -tags tag.$id]
     $canv lower $t
     foreach tag $marks x $xvals wid $wvals {
 	set tag_quoted [string map {% %%} $tag]
@@ -6315,13 +6581,19 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 	    # draw a tag
 	    set t [$canv create polygon $x [expr {$yt + $delta}] $xl $yt \
 		       $xr $yt $xr $yb $xl $yb $x [expr {$yb - $delta}] \
-		       -width 1 -outline black -fill yellow -tags tag.$id]
-	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
+		       -width 1 -outline $tagoutlinecolor -fill $tagbgcolor \
+		       -tags tag.$id]
+	    if {$singletag} {
+		set tagclick [list showtags $id 1]
+	    } else {
+		set tagclick [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
+	    }
+	    $canv bind $t <1> $tagclick
 	    set rowtextx([rowofcommit $id]) [expr {$xr + $linespc}]
 	} else {
 	    # draw a head or other ref
 	    if {[incr nheads -1] >= 0} {
-		set col green
+		set col $headbgcolor
 		if {$tag eq $mainhead} {
 		    set font mainfontbold
 		}
@@ -6337,13 +6609,13 @@ proc drawtags {id x xt y1} {
 		set yti [expr {$yt + 1}]
 		set xri [expr {$x + $rwid}]
 		$canv create polygon $xi $yti $xri $yti $xri $yb $xi $yb \
-			-width 0 -fill "#ffddaa" -tags tag.$id
+			-width 0 -fill $remotebgcolor -tags tag.$id
 	    }
 	}
-	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $fgcolor \
+	set t [$canv create text $xl $y1 -anchor w -text $tag -fill $headfgcolor \
 		   -font $font -tags [list tag.$id text]]
 	if {$ntags >= 0} {
-	    $canv bind $t <1> [list showtag $tag_quoted 1]
+	    $canv bind $t <1> $tagclick
 	} elseif {$nheads >= 0} {
 	    $canv bind $t $ctxbut [list headmenu %X %Y $id $tag_quoted]
 	}
@@ -6492,7 +6764,7 @@ proc findmore {} {
     if {![info exists find_dirn]} {
 	return 0
     }
-    set fldtypes [list [mc "Headline"] [mc "Author"] [mc "Date"] [mc "Committer"] [mc "CDate"] [mc "Comments"]]
+    set fldtypes [list [mc "Headline"] [mc "Author"] "" [mc "Committer"] "" [mc "Comments"]]
     set l $findcurline
     set moretodo 0
     if {$find_dirn > 0} {
@@ -6553,6 +6825,7 @@ proc findmore {} {
 	    }
 	    set info $commitinfo($id)
 	    foreach f $info ty $fldtypes {
+		if {$ty eq ""} continue
 		if {($findloc eq [mc "All fields"] || $findloc eq $ty) &&
 		    [doesmatch $f]} {
 		    set found 1
@@ -6705,7 +6978,7 @@ proc appendwithlinks {text tags} {
 
     set start [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
     $ctext insert end $text $tags
-    set links [regexp -indices -all -inline {\m[0-9a-f]{6,40}\M} $text]
+    set links [regexp -indices -all -inline {(?:\m|-g)[0-9a-f]{6,40}\M} $text]
     foreach l $links {
 	set s [lindex $l 0]
 	set e [lindex $l 1]
@@ -6720,6 +6993,11 @@ proc appendwithlinks {text tags} {
 
 proc setlink {id lk} {
     global curview ctext pendinglinks
+    global linkfgcolor
+
+    if {[string range $id 0 1] eq "-g"} {
+      set id [string range $id 2 end]
+    }
 
     set known 0
     if {[string length $id] < 40} {
@@ -6733,7 +7011,7 @@ proc setlink {id lk} {
 	set known [commitinview $id $curview]
     }
     if {$known} {
-	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground blue -underline 1
+	$ctext tag conf $lk -foreground $linkfgcolor -underline 1
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <1> [list selbyid $id]
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <Enter> {linkcursor %W 1}
 	$ctext tag bind $lk <Leave> {linkcursor %W -1}
@@ -6796,7 +7074,7 @@ proc viewnextline {dir} {
 # add a list of tag or branch names at position pos
 # returns the number of names inserted
 proc appendrefs {pos ids var} {
-    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs
+    global ctext linknum curview $var maxrefs visiblerefs mainheadid
 
     if {[catch {$ctext index $pos}]} {
 	return 0
@@ -6809,24 +7087,54 @@ proc appendrefs {pos ids var} {
 	    lappend tags [list $tag $id]
 	}
     }
+
+    set sep {}
+    set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
+    set nutags 0
+
     if {[llength $tags] > $maxrefs} {
-	$ctext insert $pos "[mc "many"] ([llength $tags])"
-    } else {
-	set tags [lsort -index 0 -decreasing $tags]
-	set sep {}
-	foreach ti $tags {
-	    set id [lindex $ti 1]
-	    set lk link$linknum
-	    incr linknum
-	    $ctext tag delete $lk
-	    $ctext insert $pos $sep
-	    $ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
-	    setlink $id $lk
-	    set sep ", "
+	# If we are displaying heads, and there are too many,
+	# see if there are some important heads to display.
+	# Currently that are the current head and heads listed in $visiblerefs option
+	set itags {}
+	if {$var eq "idheads"} {
+	    set utags {}
+	    foreach ti $tags {
+		set hname [lindex $ti 0]
+		set id [lindex $ti 1]
+		if {([lsearch -exact $visiblerefs $hname] != -1 || $id eq $mainheadid) &&
+		    [llength $itags] < $maxrefs} {
+		    lappend itags $ti
+		} else {
+		    lappend utags $ti
+		}
+	    }
+	    set tags $utags
 	}
+	if {$itags ne {}} {
+	    set str [mc "and many more"]
+	    set sep " "
+	} else {
+	    set str [mc "many"]
+	}
+	$ctext insert $pos "$str ([llength $tags])"
+	set nutags [llength $tags]
+	set tags $itags
+    }
+
+    foreach ti $tags {
+	set id [lindex $ti 1]
+	set lk link$linknum
+	incr linknum
+	$ctext tag delete $lk
+	$ctext insert $pos $sep
+	$ctext insert $pos [lindex $ti 0] $lk
+	setlink $id $lk
+	set sep ", "
     }
+    $ctext tag add wwrap "$pos linestart" "$pos lineend"
     $ctext conf -state disabled
-    return [llength $tags]
+    return [expr {[llength $tags] + $nutags}]
 }
 
 # called when we have finished computing the nearby tags
@@ -6907,7 +7215,7 @@ proc make_idmark {id} {
     $canv raise $t
 }
 
-proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}}} {
+proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}} {switch_to_patch 0}} {
     global canv ctext commitinfo selectedline
     global canvy0 linespc parents children curview
     global currentid sha1entry
@@ -6916,6 +7224,7 @@ proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}}} {
     global cmitmode showneartags allcommits
     global targetrow targetid lastscrollrows
     global autoselect autosellen jump_to_here
+    global vinlinediff
 
     catch {unset pending_select}
     $canv delete hover
@@ -6932,6 +7241,10 @@ proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}}} {
 	setcanvscroll
     }
 
+    if {$cmitmode ne "patch" && $switch_to_patch} {
+        set cmitmode "patch"
+    }
+
     set y [expr {$canvy0 + $l * $linespc}]
     set ymax [lindex [$canv cget -scrollregion] 3]
     set ytop [expr {$y - $linespc - 1}]
@@ -7057,6 +7370,8 @@ proc selectline {l isnew {desired_loc {}}} {
     init_flist [mc "Comments"]
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} {
 	gettree $id
+    } elseif {$vinlinediff($curview) == 1} {
+	showinlinediff $id
     } elseif {[llength $olds] <= 1} {
 	startdiff $id
     } else {
@@ -7220,6 +7535,14 @@ proc goforw {} {
     }
 }
 
+proc go_to_parent {i} {
+    global parents curview targetid
+    set ps $parents($curview,$targetid)
+    if {[llength $ps] >= $i} {
+	selbyid [lindex $ps [expr $i - 1]]
+    }
+}
+
 proc gettree {id} {
     global treefilelist treeidlist diffids diffmergeid treepending
     global nullid nullid2
@@ -7393,19 +7716,48 @@ proc startdiff {ids} {
     }
 }
 
+proc showinlinediff {ids} {
+    global commitinfo commitdata ctext
+    global treediffs
+
+    set info $commitinfo($ids)
+    set diff [lindex $info 7]
+    set difflines [split $diff "\n"]
+
+    initblobdiffvars
+    set treediff {}
+
+    set inhdr 0
+    foreach line $difflines {
+	if {![string compare -length 5 "diff " $line]} {
+	    set inhdr 1
+	} elseif {$inhdr && ![string compare -length 4 "+++ " $line]} {
+	    # offset also accounts for the b/ prefix
+	    lappend treediff [string range $line 6 end]
+	    set inhdr 0
+	}
+    }
+
+    set treediffs($ids) $treediff
+    add_flist $treediff
+
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    foreach line $difflines {
+	parseblobdiffline $ids $line
+    }
+    maybe_scroll_ctext 1
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+}
+
+# If the filename (name) is under any of the passed filter paths
+# then return true to include the file in the listing.
 proc path_filter {filter name} {
+    set worktree [gitworktree]
     foreach p $filter {
-	set l [string length $p]
-	if {[string index $p end] eq "/"} {
-	    if {[string compare -length $l $p $name] == 0} {
-		return 1
-	    }
-	} else {
-	    if {[string compare -length $l $p $name] == 0 &&
-		([string length $name] == $l ||
-		 [string index $name $l] eq "/")} {
-		return 1
-	    }
+	set fq_p [file normalize $p]
+	set fq_n [file normalize [file join $worktree $name]]
+	if {[string match [file normalize $fq_p]* $fq_n]} {
+	    return 1
 	}
     }
     return 0
@@ -7419,7 +7771,7 @@ proc addtocflist {ids} {
 }
 
 proc diffcmd {ids flags} {
-    global nullid nullid2
+    global log_showroot nullid nullid2 git_version
 
     set i [lsearch -exact $ids $nullid]
     set j [lsearch -exact $ids $nullid2]
@@ -7440,6 +7792,9 @@ proc diffcmd {ids flags} {
 	    }
 	}
     } elseif {$j >= 0} {
+	if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.7.2"] >= 0} {
+	    set flags "$flags --ignore-submodules=dirty"
+	}
 	set cmd [concat | git diff-index --cached $flags]
 	if {[llength $ids] > 1} {
 	    # comparing index with specific revision
@@ -7453,15 +7808,22 @@ proc diffcmd {ids flags} {
 	    lappend cmd HEAD
 	}
     } else {
+	if {$log_showroot} {
+	    lappend flags --root
+	}
 	set cmd [concat | git diff-tree -r $flags $ids]
     }
     return $cmd
 }
 
 proc gettreediffs {ids} {
-    global treediff treepending
+    global treediff treepending limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
 
-    if {[catch {set gdtf [open [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}] r]}]} return
+    set cmd [diffcmd $ids {--no-commit-id}]
+    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
+	    set cmd [concat $cmd -- $vfilelimit($curview)]
+    }
+    if {[catch {set gdtf [open $cmd r]}]} return
 
     set treepending $ids
     set treediff {}
@@ -7505,17 +7867,7 @@ proc gettreediffline {gdtf ids} {
 	return [expr {$nr >= $max? 2: 1}]
     }
     close $gdtf
-    if {$limitdiffs && $vfilelimit($curview) ne {}} {
-	set flist {}
-	foreach f $treediff {
-	    if {[path_filter $vfilelimit($curview) $f]} {
-		lappend flist $f
-	    }
-	}
-	set treediffs($ids) $flist
-    } else {
-	set treediffs($ids) $treediff
-    }
+    set treediffs($ids) $treediff
     unset treepending
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree" && [llength $diffids] == 1} {
 	gettree $diffids
@@ -7553,15 +7905,25 @@ proc changeworddiff {name ix op} {
     reselectline
 }
 
+proc initblobdiffvars {} {
+    global diffencoding targetline diffnparents
+    global diffinhdr currdiffsubmod diffseehere
+    set targetline {}
+    set diffnparents 0
+    set diffinhdr 0
+    set diffencoding [get_path_encoding {}]
+    set currdiffsubmod ""
+    set diffseehere -1
+}
+
 proc getblobdiffs {ids} {
     global blobdifffd diffids env
-    global diffinhdr treediffs
+    global treediffs
     global diffcontext
     global ignorespace
     global worddiff
     global limitdiffs vfilelimit curview
-    global diffencoding targetline diffnparents
-    global git_version currdiffsubmod
+    global git_version
 
     set textconv {}
     if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.6.1"] >= 0} {
@@ -7585,13 +7947,9 @@ proc getblobdiffs {ids} {
 	error_popup [mc "Error getting diffs: %s" $err]
 	return
     }
-    set targetline {}
-    set diffnparents 0
-    set diffinhdr 0
-    set diffencoding [get_path_encoding {}]
     fconfigure $bdf -blocking 0 -encoding binary -eofchar {}
     set blobdifffd($ids) $bdf
-    set currdiffsubmod ""
+    initblobdiffvars
     filerun $bdf [list getblobdiffline $bdf $diffids]
 }
 
@@ -7657,13 +8015,17 @@ proc makediffhdr {fname ids} {
     set diffline 0
 }
 
+proc blobdiffmaybeseehere {ateof} {
+    global diffseehere
+    if {$diffseehere >= 0} {
+	mark_ctext_line [lindex [split $diffseehere .] 0]
+    }
+    maybe_scroll_ctext $ateof
+}
+
 proc getblobdiffline {bdf ids} {
-    global diffids blobdifffd ctext curdiffstart
-    global diffnexthead diffnextnote difffilestart
-    global ctext_file_names ctext_file_lines
-    global diffinhdr treediffs mergemax diffnparents
-    global diffencoding jump_to_here targetline diffline currdiffsubmod
-    global worddiff
+    global diffids blobdifffd
+    global ctext
 
     set nr 0
     $ctext conf -state normal
@@ -7672,212 +8034,220 @@ proc getblobdiffline {bdf ids} {
 	    catch {close $bdf}
 	    return 0
 	}
-	if {![string compare -length 5 "diff " $line]} {
-	    if {![regexp {^diff (--cc|--git) } $line m type]} {
-		set line [encoding convertfrom $line]
-		$ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
-		continue
+	parseblobdiffline $ids $line
+    }
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+    blobdiffmaybeseehere [eof $bdf]
+    if {[eof $bdf]} {
+	catch {close $bdf}
+	return 0
+    }
+    return [expr {$nr >= 1000? 2: 1}]
+}
+
+proc parseblobdiffline {ids line} {
+    global ctext curdiffstart
+    global diffnexthead diffnextnote difffilestart
+    global ctext_file_names ctext_file_lines
+    global diffinhdr treediffs mergemax diffnparents
+    global diffencoding jump_to_here targetline diffline currdiffsubmod
+    global worddiff diffseehere
+
+    if {![string compare -length 5 "diff " $line]} {
+	if {![regexp {^diff (--cc|--git) } $line m type]} {
+	    set line [encoding convertfrom $line]
+	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
+	    continue
+	}
+	# start of a new file
+	set diffinhdr 1
+	$ctext insert end "\n"
+	set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+	lappend ctext_file_names ""
+	lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $curdiffstart "."] 0]
+	$ctext insert end "\n" filesep
+
+	if {$type eq "--cc"} {
+	    # start of a new file in a merge diff
+	    set fname [string range $line 10 end]
+	    if {[lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname] < 0} {
+		lappend treediffs($ids) $fname
+		add_flist [list $fname]
 	    }
-	    # start of a new file
-	    set diffinhdr 1
-	    $ctext insert end "\n"
-	    set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
-	    lappend ctext_file_names ""
-	    lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $curdiffstart "."] 0]
-	    $ctext insert end "\n" filesep
-
-	    if {$type eq "--cc"} {
-		# start of a new file in a merge diff
-		set fname [string range $line 10 end]
-		if {[lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname] < 0} {
-		    lappend treediffs($ids) $fname
-		    add_flist [list $fname]
-		}
 
+	} else {
+	    set line [string range $line 11 end]
+	    # If the name hasn't changed the length will be odd,
+	    # the middle char will be a space, and the two bits either
+	    # side will be a/name and b/name, or "a/name" and "b/name".
+	    # If the name has changed we'll get "rename from" and
+	    # "rename to" or "copy from" and "copy to" lines following
+	    # this, and we'll use them to get the filenames.
+	    # This complexity is necessary because spaces in the
+	    # filename(s) don't get escaped.
+	    set l [string length $line]
+	    set i [expr {$l / 2}]
+	    if {!(($l & 1) && [string index $line $i] eq " " &&
+		  [string range $line 2 [expr {$i - 1}]] eq \
+		      [string range $line [expr {$i + 3}] end])} {
+		return
+	    }
+	    # unescape if quoted and chop off the a/ from the front
+	    if {[string index $line 0] eq "\""} {
+		set fname [string range [lindex $line 0] 2 end]
 	    } else {
-		set line [string range $line 11 end]
-		# If the name hasn't changed the length will be odd,
-		# the middle char will be a space, and the two bits either
-		# side will be a/name and b/name, or "a/name" and "b/name".
-		# If the name has changed we'll get "rename from" and
-		# "rename to" or "copy from" and "copy to" lines following
-		# this, and we'll use them to get the filenames.
-		# This complexity is necessary because spaces in the
-		# filename(s) don't get escaped.
-		set l [string length $line]
-		set i [expr {$l / 2}]
-		if {!(($l & 1) && [string index $line $i] eq " " &&
-		      [string range $line 2 [expr {$i - 1}]] eq \
-			  [string range $line [expr {$i + 3}] end])} {
-		    continue
-		}
-		# unescape if quoted and chop off the a/ from the front
-		if {[string index $line 0] eq "\""} {
-		    set fname [string range [lindex $line 0] 2 end]
-		} else {
-		    set fname [string range $line 2 [expr {$i - 1}]]
-		}
+		set fname [string range $line 2 [expr {$i - 1}]]
 	    }
-	    makediffhdr $fname $ids
+	}
+	makediffhdr $fname $ids
+
+    } elseif {![string compare -length 16 "* Unmerged path " $line]} {
+	set fname [encoding convertfrom [string range $line 16 end]]
+	$ctext insert end "\n"
+	set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+	lappend ctext_file_names $fname
+	lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $curdiffstart "."] 0]
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
+	set i [lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname]
+	if {$i >= 0} {
+	    setinlist difffilestart $i $curdiffstart
+	}
 
-	} elseif {![string compare -length 16 "* Unmerged path " $line]} {
-	    set fname [encoding convertfrom [string range $line 16 end]]
-	    $ctext insert end "\n"
-	    set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
-	    lappend ctext_file_names $fname
-	    lappend ctext_file_lines [lindex [split $curdiffstart "."] 0]
+    } elseif {![string compare -length 2 "@@" $line]} {
+	regexp {^@@+} $line ats
+	set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
+	if {[regexp { \+(\d+),\d+ @@} $line m nl]} {
+	    set diffline $nl
+	}
+	set diffnparents [expr {[string length $ats] - 1}]
+	set diffinhdr 0
+
+    } elseif {![string compare -length 10 "Submodule " $line]} {
+	# start of a new submodule
+	if {[regexp -indices "\[0-9a-f\]+\\.\\." $line nameend]} {
+	    set fname [string range $line 10 [expr [lindex $nameend 0] - 2]]
+	} else {
+	    set fname [string range $line 10 [expr [string first "contains " $line] - 2]]
+	}
+	if {$currdiffsubmod != $fname} {
+	    $ctext insert end "\n";     # Add newline after commit message
+	}
+	set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
+	lappend ctext_file_names ""
+	if {$currdiffsubmod != $fname} {
+	    lappend ctext_file_lines $fname
+	    makediffhdr $fname $ids
+	    set currdiffsubmod $fname
+	    $ctext insert end "\n$line\n" filesep
+	} else {
 	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
+	}
+    } elseif {![string compare -length 3 "  >" $line]} {
+	set $currdiffsubmod ""
+	set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n" dresult
+    } elseif {![string compare -length 3 "  <" $line]} {
+	set $currdiffsubmod ""
+	set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n" d0
+    } elseif {$diffinhdr} {
+	if {![string compare -length 12 "rename from " $line]} {
+	    set fname [string range $line [expr 6 + [string first " from " $line] ] end]
+	    if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
+		set fname [lindex $fname 0]
+	    }
+	    set fname [encoding convertfrom $fname]
 	    set i [lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname]
 	    if {$i >= 0} {
 		setinlist difffilestart $i $curdiffstart
 	    }
-
-	} elseif {![string compare -length 2 "@@" $line]} {
-	    regexp {^@@+} $line ats
-	    set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
-	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
-	    if {[regexp { \+(\d+),\d+ @@} $line m nl]} {
-		set diffline $nl
+	} elseif {![string compare -length 10 $line "rename to "] ||
+		  ![string compare -length 8 $line "copy to "]} {
+	    set fname [string range $line [expr 4 + [string first " to " $line] ] end]
+	    if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
+		set fname [lindex $fname 0]
 	    }
-	    set diffnparents [expr {[string length $ats] - 1}]
+	    makediffhdr $fname $ids
+	} elseif {[string compare -length 3 $line "---"] == 0} {
+	    # do nothing
+	    return
+	} elseif {[string compare -length 3 $line "+++"] == 0} {
 	    set diffinhdr 0
+	    return
+	}
+	$ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
 
-	} elseif {![string compare -length 10 "Submodule " $line]} {
-	    # start of a new submodule
-	    if {[regexp -indices "\[0-9a-f\]+\\.\\." $line nameend]} {
-		set fname [string range $line 10 [expr [lindex $nameend 0] - 2]]
-	    } else {
-		set fname [string range $line 10 [expr [string first "contains " $line] - 2]]
-	    }
-	    if {$currdiffsubmod != $fname} {
-		$ctext insert end "\n";     # Add newline after commit message
-	    }
-	    set curdiffstart [$ctext index "end - 1c"]
-	    lappend ctext_file_names ""
-	    if {$currdiffsubmod != $fname} {
-		lappend ctext_file_lines $fname
-		makediffhdr $fname $ids
-		set currdiffsubmod $fname
-		$ctext insert end "\n$line\n" filesep
-	    } else {
-		$ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
-	    }
-	} elseif {![string compare -length 3 "  >" $line]} {
-	    set $currdiffsubmod ""
-	    set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
-	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" dresult
-	} elseif {![string compare -length 3 "  <" $line]} {
-	    set $currdiffsubmod ""
-	    set line [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]
-	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" d0
-	} elseif {$diffinhdr} {
-	    if {![string compare -length 12 "rename from " $line]} {
-		set fname [string range $line [expr 6 + [string first " from " $line] ] end]
-		if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
-		    set fname [lindex $fname 0]
+    } else {
+	set line [string map {\x1A ^Z} \
+		      [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]]
+	# parse the prefix - one ' ', '-' or '+' for each parent
+	set prefix [string range $line 0 [expr {$diffnparents - 1}]]
+	set tag [expr {$diffnparents > 1? "m": "d"}]
+	set dowords [expr {$worddiff ne [mc "Line diff"] && $diffnparents == 1}]
+	set words_pre_markup ""
+	set words_post_markup ""
+	if {[string trim $prefix " -+"] eq {}} {
+	    # prefix only has " ", "-" and "+" in it: normal diff line
+	    set num [string first "-" $prefix]
+	    if {$dowords} {
+		set line [string range $line 1 end]
+	    }
+	    if {$num >= 0} {
+		# removed line, first parent with line is $num
+		if {$num >= $mergemax} {
+		    set num "max"
 		}
-		set fname [encoding convertfrom $fname]
-		set i [lsearch -exact $treediffs($ids) $fname]
-		if {$i >= 0} {
-		    setinlist difffilestart $i $curdiffstart
+		if {$dowords && $worddiff eq [mc "Markup words"]} {
+		    $ctext insert end "\[-$line-\]" $tag$num
+		} else {
+		    $ctext insert end "$line" $tag$num
 		}
-	    } elseif {![string compare -length 10 $line "rename to "] ||
-		      ![string compare -length 8 $line "copy to "]} {
-		set fname [string range $line [expr 4 + [string first " to " $line] ] end]
-		if {[string index $fname 0] eq "\""} {
-		    set fname [lindex $fname 0]
+		if {!$dowords} {
+		    $ctext insert end "\n" $tag$num
 		}
-		makediffhdr $fname $ids
-	    } elseif {[string compare -length 3 $line "---"] == 0} {
-		# do nothing
-		continue
-	    } elseif {[string compare -length 3 $line "+++"] == 0} {
-		set diffinhdr 0
-		continue
-	    }
-	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" filesep
-
-	} else {
-	    set line [string map {\x1A ^Z} \
-                          [encoding convertfrom $diffencoding $line]]
-	    # parse the prefix - one ' ', '-' or '+' for each parent
-	    set prefix [string range $line 0 [expr {$diffnparents - 1}]]
-	    set tag [expr {$diffnparents > 1? "m": "d"}]
-	    set dowords [expr {$worddiff ne [mc "Line diff"] && $diffnparents == 1}]
-	    set words_pre_markup ""
-	    set words_post_markup ""
-	    if {[string trim $prefix " -+"] eq {}} {
-		# prefix only has " ", "-" and "+" in it: normal diff line
-		set num [string first "-" $prefix]
-		if {$dowords} {
-		    set line [string range $line 1 end]
-		}
-		if {$num >= 0} {
-		    # removed line, first parent with line is $num
-		    if {$num >= $mergemax} {
-			set num "max"
-		    }
-		    if {$dowords && $worddiff eq [mc "Markup words"]} {
-			$ctext insert end "\[-$line-\]" $tag$num
-		    } else {
-			$ctext insert end "$line" $tag$num
-		    }
-		    if {!$dowords} {
-			$ctext insert end "\n" $tag$num
-		    }
-		} else {
-		    set tags {}
-		    if {[string first "+" $prefix] >= 0} {
-			# added line
-			lappend tags ${tag}result
-			if {$diffnparents > 1} {
-			    set num [string first " " $prefix]
-			    if {$num >= 0} {
-				if {$num >= $mergemax} {
-				    set num "max"
-				}
-				lappend tags m$num
+	    } else {
+		set tags {}
+		if {[string first "+" $prefix] >= 0} {
+		    # added line
+		    lappend tags ${tag}result
+		    if {$diffnparents > 1} {
+			set num [string first " " $prefix]
+			if {$num >= 0} {
+			    if {$num >= $mergemax} {
+				set num "max"
 			    }
+			    lappend tags m$num
 			}
-			set words_pre_markup "{+"
-			set words_post_markup "+}"
 		    }
-		    if {$targetline ne {}} {
-			if {$diffline == $targetline} {
-			    set seehere [$ctext index "end - 1 chars"]
-			    set targetline {}
-			} else {
-			    incr diffline
-			}
-		    }
-		    if {$dowords && $worddiff eq [mc "Markup words"]} {
-			$ctext insert end "$words_pre_markup$line$words_post_markup" $tags
+		    set words_pre_markup "{+"
+		    set words_post_markup "+}"
+		}
+		if {$targetline ne {}} {
+		    if {$diffline == $targetline} {
+			set diffseehere [$ctext index "end - 1 chars"]
+			set targetline {}
 		    } else {
-			$ctext insert end "$line" $tags
-		    }
-		    if {!$dowords} {
-			$ctext insert end "\n" $tags
+			incr diffline
 		    }
 		}
-	    } elseif {$dowords && $prefix eq "~"} {
-		$ctext insert end "\n" {}
-	    } else {
-		# "\ No newline at end of file",
-		# or something else we don't recognize
-		$ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
+		if {$dowords && $worddiff eq [mc "Markup words"]} {
+		    $ctext insert end "$words_pre_markup$line$words_post_markup" $tags
+		} else {
+		    $ctext insert end "$line" $tags
+		}
+		if {!$dowords} {
+		    $ctext insert end "\n" $tags
+		}
 	    }
+	} elseif {$dowords && $prefix eq "~"} {
+	    $ctext insert end "\n" {}
+	} else {
+	    # "\ No newline at end of file",
+	    # or something else we don't recognize
+	    $ctext insert end "$line\n" hunksep
 	}
     }
-    if {[info exists seehere]} {
-	mark_ctext_line [lindex [split $seehere .] 0]
-    }
-    maybe_scroll_ctext [eof $bdf]
-    $ctext conf -state disabled
-    if {[eof $bdf]} {
-	catch {close $bdf}
-	return 0
-    }
-    return [expr {$nr >= 1000? 2: 1}]
 }
 
 proc changediffdisp {} {
@@ -7887,32 +8257,45 @@ proc changediffdisp {} {
     $ctext tag conf dresult -elide [lindex $diffelide 1]
 }
 
-proc highlightfile {loc cline} {
-    global ctext cflist cflist_top
+proc highlightfile {cline} {
+    global cflist cflist_top
+
+    if {![info exists cflist_top]} return
 
-    $ctext yview $loc
     $cflist tag remove highlight $cflist_top.0 "$cflist_top.0 lineend"
     $cflist tag add highlight $cline.0 "$cline.0 lineend"
     $cflist see $cline.0
     set cflist_top $cline
 }
 
+proc highlightfile_for_scrollpos {topidx} {
+    global cmitmode difffilestart
+
+    if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
+    if {![info exists difffilestart]} return
+
+    set top [lindex [split $topidx .] 0]
+    if {$difffilestart eq {} || $top < [lindex $difffilestart 0]} {
+	highlightfile 0
+    } else {
+	highlightfile [expr {[bsearch $difffilestart $top] + 2}]
+    }
+}
+
 proc prevfile {} {
     global difffilestart ctext cmitmode
 
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
     set prev 0.0
-    set prevline 1
     set here [$ctext index @0,0]
     foreach loc $difffilestart {
 	if {[$ctext compare $loc >= $here]} {
-	    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+	    $ctext yview $prev
 	    return
 	}
 	set prev $loc
-	incr prevline
     }
-    highlightfile $prev $prevline
+    $ctext yview $prev
 }
 
 proc nextfile {} {
@@ -7920,11 +8303,9 @@ proc nextfile {} {
 
     if {$cmitmode eq "tree"} return
     set here [$ctext index @0,0]
-    set line 1
     foreach loc $difffilestart {
-	incr line
 	if {[$ctext compare $loc > $here]} {
-	    highlightfile $loc $line
+	    $ctext yview $loc
 	    return
 	}
     }
@@ -7970,7 +8351,6 @@ proc settabs {{firstab {}}} {
 proc incrsearch {name ix op} {
     global ctext searchstring searchdirn
 
-    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
     if {[catch {$ctext index anchor}]} {
 	# no anchor set, use start of selection, or of visible area
 	set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
@@ -7983,12 +8363,17 @@ proc incrsearch {name ix op} {
 	}
     }
     if {$searchstring ne {}} {
-	set here [$ctext search $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
+	set here [$ctext search -count mlen $searchdirn -- $searchstring anchor]
 	if {$here ne {}} {
 	    $ctext see $here
+	    set mend "$here + $mlen c"
+	    $ctext tag remove sel 1.0 end
+	    $ctext tag add sel $here $mend
+	    suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	    highlightfile_for_scrollpos $here
 	}
-	searchmarkvisible 1
     }
+    rehighlight_search_results
 }
 
 proc dosearch {} {
@@ -8011,9 +8396,12 @@ proc dosearch {} {
 	    return
 	}
 	$ctext see $match
+	suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $match
 	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
 	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
 	$ctext mark unset anchor
+	rehighlight_search_results
     }
 }
 
@@ -8037,21 +8425,41 @@ proc dosearchback {} {
 	    return
 	}
 	$ctext see $match
+	suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $match
 	set mend "$match + $ml c"
 	$ctext tag add sel $match $mend
 	$ctext mark unset anchor
+	rehighlight_search_results
+    }
+}
+
+proc rehighlight_search_results {} {
+    global ctext searchstring
+
+    $ctext tag remove found 1.0 end
+    $ctext tag remove currentsearchhit 1.0 end
+
+    if {$searchstring ne {}} {
+	searchmarkvisible 1
     }
 }
 
 proc searchmark {first last} {
     global ctext searchstring
 
+    set sel [$ctext tag ranges sel]
+
     set mend $first.0
     while {1} {
 	set match [$ctext search -count mlen -- $searchstring $mend $last.end]
 	if {$match eq {}} break
 	set mend "$match + $mlen c"
-	$ctext tag add found $match $mend
+	if {$sel ne {} && [$ctext compare $match == [lindex $sel 0]]} {
+	    $ctext tag add currentsearchhit $match $mend
+	} else {
+	    $ctext tag add found $match $mend
+	}
     }
 }
 
@@ -8077,8 +8485,23 @@ proc searchmarkvisible {doall} {
     }
 }
 
+proc suppress_highlighting_file_for_current_scrollpos {} {
+    global ctext suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
+
+    set suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos [$ctext index @0,0]
+}
+
 proc scrolltext {f0 f1} {
-    global searchstring
+    global searchstring cmitmode ctext
+    global suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos
+
+    set topidx [$ctext index @0,0]
+    if {![info exists suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos]
+	|| $topidx ne $suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos} {
+	highlightfile_for_scrollpos $topidx
+    }
+
+    catch {unset suppress_highlighting_file_for_this_scrollpos}
 
     .bleft.bottom.sb set $f0 $f1
     if {$searchstring ne {}} {
@@ -8294,6 +8717,8 @@ proc lineleave {id} {
 proc linehover {} {
     global hoverx hovery hoverid hovertimer
     global canv linespc lthickness
+    global linehoverbgcolor linehoverfgcolor linehoveroutlinecolor
+
     global commitinfo
 
     set text [lindex $commitinfo($hoverid) 0]
@@ -8307,10 +8732,11 @@ proc linehover {} {
     set x1 [expr {$x + [font measure mainfont $text] + 2 * $lthickness}]
     set y1 [expr {$y + $linespc + 2 * $lthickness}]
     set t [$canv create rectangle $x0 $y0 $x1 $y1 \
-	       -fill \#ffff80 -outline black -width 1 -tags hover]
+	       -fill $linehoverbgcolor -outline $linehoveroutlinecolor \
+	       -width 1 -tags hover]
     $canv raise $t
     set t [$canv create text $x $y -anchor nw -text $text -tags hover \
-	       -font mainfont]
+	       -font mainfont -fill $linehoverfgcolor]
     $canv raise $t
 }
 
@@ -8442,6 +8868,11 @@ proc rowmenu {x y id} {
     } else {
 	set state normal
     }
+    if {[info exists markedid] && $markedid ne $id} {
+	set mstate normal
+    } else {
+	set mstate disabled
+    }
     if {$id ne $nullid && $id ne $nullid2} {
 	set menu $rowctxmenu
 	if {$mainhead ne {}} {
@@ -8449,21 +8880,17 @@ proc rowmenu {x y id} {
 	} else {
 	    $menu entryconfigure 7 -label [mc "Detached head: can't reset" $mainhead] -state disabled
 	}
-	if {[info exists markedid] && $markedid ne $id} {
-	    $menu entryconfigure 9 -state normal
-	    $menu entryconfigure 10 -state normal
-	    $menu entryconfigure 11 -state normal
-	} else {
-	    $menu entryconfigure 9 -state disabled
-	    $menu entryconfigure 10 -state disabled
-	    $menu entryconfigure 11 -state disabled
-	}
+	$menu entryconfigure 9 -state $mstate
+	$menu entryconfigure 10 -state $mstate
+	$menu entryconfigure 11 -state $mstate
     } else {
 	set menu $fakerowmenu
     }
     $menu entryconfigure [mca "Diff this -> selected"] -state $state
     $menu entryconfigure [mca "Diff selected -> this"] -state $state
     $menu entryconfigure [mca "Make patch"] -state $state
+    $menu entryconfigure [mca "Diff this -> marked commit"] -state $mstate
+    $menu entryconfigure [mca "Diff marked commit -> this"] -state $mstate
     tk_popup $menu $x $y
 }
 
@@ -8667,6 +9094,21 @@ proc diffvssel {dirn} {
     doseldiff $oldid $newid
 }
 
+proc diffvsmark {dirn} {
+    global rowmenuid markedid
+
+    if {![info exists markedid]} return
+    if {$dirn} {
+	set oldid $markedid
+	set newid $rowmenuid
+    } else {
+	set oldid $rowmenuid
+	set newid $markedid
+    }
+    addtohistory [list doseldiff $oldid $newid] savectextpos
+    doseldiff $oldid $newid
+}
+
 proc doseldiff {oldid newid} {
     global ctext
     global commitinfo
@@ -8858,12 +9300,13 @@ proc domktag {} {
 proc redrawtags {id} {
     global canv linehtag idpos currentid curview cmitlisted markedid
     global canvxmax iddrawn circleitem mainheadid circlecolors
+    global mainheadcirclecolor
 
     if {![commitinview $id $curview]} return
     if {![info exists iddrawn($id)]} return
     set row [rowofcommit $id]
     if {$id eq $mainheadid} {
-	set ofill yellow
+	set ofill $mainheadcirclecolor
     } else {
 	set ofill [lindex $circlecolors $cmitlisted($curview,$id)]
     }
@@ -9120,6 +9563,67 @@ proc cherrypick {} {
     notbusy cherrypick
 }
 
+proc revert {} {
+    global rowmenuid curview
+    global mainhead mainheadid
+    global gitdir
+
+    set oldhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    set dheads [descheads $rowmenuid]
+    if { $dheads eq {} || [lsearch -exact $dheads $oldhead] == -1 } {
+       set ok [confirm_popup [mc "Commit %s is not\
+           included in branch %s -- really revert it?" \
+                      [string range $rowmenuid 0 7] $mainhead]]
+       if {!$ok} return
+    }
+    nowbusy revert [mc "Reverting"]
+    update
+
+    if [catch {exec git revert --no-edit $rowmenuid} err] {
+        notbusy revert
+        if [regexp {files would be overwritten by merge:(\n(( |\t)+[^\n]+\n)+)}\
+                $err match files] {
+            regsub {\n( |\t)+} $files "\n" files
+            error_popup [mc "Revert failed because of local changes to\
+                the following files:%s Please commit, reset or stash \
+                your changes and try again." $files]
+        } elseif [regexp {error: could not revert} $err] {
+            if [confirm_popup [mc "Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n\
+                Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"]] {
+                # Force citool to read MERGE_MSG
+                file delete [file join $gitdir "GITGUI_MSG"]
+                exec_citool {} $rowmenuid
+            }
+        } else { error_popup $err }
+        run updatecommits
+        return
+    }
+
+    set newhead [exec git rev-parse HEAD]
+    if { $newhead eq $oldhead } {
+        notbusy revert
+        error_popup [mc "No changes committed"]
+        return
+    }
+
+    addnewchild $newhead $oldhead
+
+    if [commitinview $oldhead $curview] {
+        # XXX this isn't right if we have a path limit...
+        insertrow $newhead $oldhead $curview
+        if {$mainhead ne {}} {
+            movehead $newhead $mainhead
+            movedhead $newhead $mainhead
+        }
+        set mainheadid $newhead
+        redrawtags $oldhead
+        redrawtags $newhead
+        selbyid $newhead
+    }
+
+    notbusy revert
+}
+
 proc resethead {} {
     global mainhead rowmenuid confirm_ok resettype NS
 
@@ -10433,13 +10937,13 @@ proc anctags {id} {
 # including id itself if it has a head.
 proc descheads {id} {
     global arcnos arcstart arcids archeads idheads cached_dheads
-    global allparents
+    global allparents arcout
 
     if {![info exists allparents($id)]} {
 	return {}
     }
     set aret {}
-    if {[llength $arcnos($id)] == 1 && [llength $allparents($id)] == 1} {
+    if {![info exists arcout($id)]} {
 	# part-way along an arc; check it first
 	set a [lindex $arcnos($id) 0]
 	if {$archeads($a) ne {}} {
@@ -10523,7 +11027,7 @@ proc movedhead {hid head} {
 }
 
 proc changedrefs {} {
-    global cached_dheads cached_dtags cached_atags
+    global cached_dheads cached_dtags cached_atags cached_tagcontent
     global arctags archeads arcnos arcout idheads idtags
 
     foreach id [concat [array names idheads] [array names idtags]] {
@@ -10535,6 +11039,7 @@ proc changedrefs {} {
 	    }
 	}
     }
+    catch {unset cached_tagcontent}
     catch {unset cached_dtags}
     catch {unset cached_atags}
     catch {unset cached_dheads}
@@ -10586,8 +11091,25 @@ proc listrefs {id} {
     return [list $x $y $z]
 }
 
+proc add_tag_ctext {tag} {
+    global ctext cached_tagcontent tagids
+
+    if {![info exists cached_tagcontent($tag)]} {
+	catch {
+	    set cached_tagcontent($tag) [exec git cat-file -p $tag]
+	}
+    }
+    $ctext insert end "[mc "Tag"]: $tag\n" bold
+    if {[info exists cached_tagcontent($tag)]} {
+	set text $cached_tagcontent($tag)
+    } else {
+	set text "[mc "Id"]:  $tagids($tag)"
+    }
+    appendwithlinks $text {}
+}
+
 proc showtag {tag isnew} {
-    global ctext tagcontents tagids linknum tagobjid
+    global ctext cached_tagcontent tagids linknum tagobjid
 
     if {$isnew} {
 	addtohistory [list showtag $tag 0] savectextpos
@@ -10596,17 +11118,28 @@ proc showtag {tag isnew} {
     clear_ctext
     settabs 0
     set linknum 0
-    if {![info exists tagcontents($tag)]} {
-	catch {
-           set tagcontents($tag) [exec git cat-file tag $tag]
-	}
+    add_tag_ctext $tag
+    maybe_scroll_ctext 1
+    $ctext conf -state disabled
+    init_flist {}
+}
+
+proc showtags {id isnew} {
+    global idtags ctext linknum
+
+    if {$isnew} {
+	addtohistory [list showtags $id 0] savectextpos
     }
-    if {[info exists tagcontents($tag)]} {
-	set text $tagcontents($tag)
-    } else {
-	set text "[mc "Tag"]: $tag\n[mc "Id"]:  $tagids($tag)"
+    $ctext conf -state normal
+    clear_ctext
+    settabs 0
+    set linknum 0
+    set sep {}
+    foreach tag $idtags($id) {
+	$ctext insert end $sep
+	add_tag_ctext $tag
+	set sep "\n\n"
     }
-    appendwithlinks $text {}
     maybe_scroll_ctext 1
     $ctext conf -state disabled
     init_flist {}
@@ -10719,7 +11252,7 @@ proc fontok {} {
     if {$fontparam(slant) eq "italic"} {
 	lappend fontpref($f) "italic"
     }
-    set w $prefstop.$f
+    set w $prefstop.notebook.fonts.$f
     $w conf -text $fontparam(family) -font $fontpref($f)
 
     fontcan
@@ -10773,6 +11306,143 @@ proc chg_fontparam {v sub op} {
     font config sample -$sub $fontparam($sub)
 }
 
+# Create a property sheet tab page
+proc create_prefs_page {w} {
+    global NS
+    set parent [join [lrange [split $w .] 0 end-1] .]
+    if {[winfo class $parent] eq "TNotebook"} {
+	${NS}::frame $w
+    } else {
+	${NS}::labelframe $w
+    }
+}
+
+proc prefspage_general {notebook} {
+    global NS maxwidth maxgraphpct showneartags showlocalchanges
+    global tabstop limitdiffs autoselect autosellen extdifftool perfile_attrs
+    global hideremotes want_ttk have_ttk maxrefs
+
+    set page [create_prefs_page $notebook.general]
+
+    ${NS}::label $page.ldisp -text [mc "Commit list display options"]
+    grid $page.ldisp - -sticky w -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $page.spacer -text " "
+    ${NS}::label $page.maxwidthl -text [mc "Maximum graph width (lines)"]
+    spinbox $page.maxwidth -from 0 -to 100 -width 4 -textvariable maxwidth
+    grid $page.spacer $page.maxwidthl $page.maxwidth -sticky w
+                                         #xgettext:no-tcl-format
+    ${NS}::label $page.maxpctl -text [mc "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"]
+    spinbox $page.maxpct -from 1 -to 100 -width 4 -textvariable maxgraphpct
+    grid x $page.maxpctl $page.maxpct -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.showlocal -text [mc "Show local changes"] \
+	-variable showlocalchanges
+    grid x $page.showlocal -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.autoselect -text [mc "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"] \
+	-variable autoselect
+    spinbox $page.autosellen -from 1 -to 40 -width 4 -textvariable autosellen
+    grid x $page.autoselect $page.autosellen -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.hideremotes -text [mc "Hide remote refs"] \
+	-variable hideremotes
+    grid x $page.hideremotes -sticky w
+
+    ${NS}::label $page.ddisp -text [mc "Diff display options"]
+    grid $page.ddisp - -sticky w -pady 10
+    ${NS}::label $page.tabstopl -text [mc "Tab spacing"]
+    spinbox $page.tabstop -from 1 -to 20 -width 4 -textvariable tabstop
+    grid x $page.tabstopl $page.tabstop -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags/heads"] \
+	-variable showneartags
+    grid x $page.ntag -sticky w
+    ${NS}::label $page.maxrefsl -text [mc "Maximum # tags/heads to show"]
+    spinbox $page.maxrefs -from 1 -to 1000 -width 4 -textvariable maxrefs
+    grid x $page.maxrefsl $page.maxrefs -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.ldiff -text [mc "Limit diffs to listed paths"] \
+	-variable limitdiffs
+    grid x $page.ldiff -sticky w
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.lattr -text [mc "Support per-file encodings"] \
+	-variable perfile_attrs
+    grid x $page.lattr -sticky w
+
+    ${NS}::entry $page.extdifft -textvariable extdifftool
+    ${NS}::frame $page.extdifff
+    ${NS}::label $page.extdifff.l -text [mc "External diff tool" ]
+    ${NS}::button $page.extdifff.b -text [mc "Choose..."] -command choose_extdiff
+    pack $page.extdifff.l $page.extdifff.b -side left
+    pack configure $page.extdifff.l -padx 10
+    grid x $page.extdifff $page.extdifft -sticky ew
+
+    ${NS}::label $page.lgen -text [mc "General options"]
+    grid $page.lgen - -sticky w -pady 10
+    ${NS}::checkbutton $page.want_ttk -variable want_ttk \
+	-text [mc "Use themed widgets"]
+    if {$have_ttk} {
+	${NS}::label $page.ttk_note -text [mc "(change requires restart)"]
+    } else {
+	${NS}::label $page.ttk_note -text [mc "(currently unavailable)"]
+    }
+    grid x $page.want_ttk $page.ttk_note -sticky w
+    return $page
+}
+
+proc prefspage_colors {notebook} {
+    global NS uicolor bgcolor fgcolor ctext diffcolors selectbgcolor markbgcolor
+
+    set page [create_prefs_page $notebook.colors]
+
+    ${NS}::label $page.cdisp -text [mc "Colors: press to choose"]
+    grid $page.cdisp - -sticky w -pady 10
+    label $page.ui -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $uicolor
+    ${NS}::button $page.uibut -text [mc "Interface"] \
+       -command [list choosecolor uicolor {} $page.ui [mc "interface"] setui]
+    grid x $page.uibut $page.ui -sticky w
+    label $page.bg -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $bgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $page.bgbut -text [mc "Background"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor bgcolor {} $page.bg [mc "background"] setbg]
+    grid x $page.bgbut $page.bg -sticky w
+    label $page.fg -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $fgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $page.fgbut -text [mc "Foreground"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor fgcolor {} $page.fg [mc "foreground"] setfg]
+    grid x $page.fgbut $page.fg -sticky w
+    label $page.diffold -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 0]
+    ${NS}::button $page.diffoldbut -text [mc "Diff: old lines"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 0 $page.diffold [mc "diff old lines"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf d0 -foreground]]
+    grid x $page.diffoldbut $page.diffold -sticky w
+    label $page.diffnew -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 1]
+    ${NS}::button $page.diffnewbut -text [mc "Diff: new lines"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 1 $page.diffnew [mc "diff new lines"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf dresult -foreground]]
+    grid x $page.diffnewbut $page.diffnew -sticky w
+    label $page.hunksep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 2]
+    ${NS}::button $page.hunksepbut -text [mc "Diff: hunk header"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 2 $page.hunksep \
+		      [mc "diff hunk header"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf hunksep -foreground]]
+    grid x $page.hunksepbut $page.hunksep -sticky w
+    label $page.markbgsep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $markbgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $page.markbgbut -text [mc "Marked line bg"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor markbgcolor {} $page.markbgsep \
+		      [mc "marked line background"] \
+		      [list $ctext tag conf omark -background]]
+    grid x $page.markbgbut $page.markbgsep -sticky w
+    label $page.selbgsep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $selectbgcolor
+    ${NS}::button $page.selbgbut -text [mc "Select bg"] \
+	-command [list choosecolor selectbgcolor {} $page.selbgsep [mc "background"] setselbg]
+    grid x $page.selbgbut $page.selbgsep -sticky w
+    return $page
+}
+
+proc prefspage_fonts {notebook} {
+    global NS
+    set page [create_prefs_page $notebook.fonts]
+    ${NS}::label $page.cfont -text [mc "Fonts: press to choose"]
+    grid $page.cfont - -sticky w -pady 10
+    mkfontdisp mainfont $page [mc "Main font"]
+    mkfontdisp textfont $page [mc "Diff display font"]
+    mkfontdisp uifont $page [mc "User interface font"]
+    return $page
+}
+
 proc doprefs {} {
     global maxwidth maxgraphpct use_ttk NS
     global oldprefs prefstop showneartags showlocalchanges
@@ -10793,106 +11463,38 @@ proc doprefs {} {
     ttk_toplevel $top
     wm title $top [mc "Gitk preferences"]
     make_transient $top .
-    ${NS}::label $top.ldisp -text [mc "Commit list display options"]
-    grid $top.ldisp - -sticky w -pady 10
-    ${NS}::label $top.spacer -text " "
-    ${NS}::label $top.maxwidthl -text [mc "Maximum graph width (lines)"]
-    spinbox $top.maxwidth -from 0 -to 100 -width 4 -textvariable maxwidth
-    grid $top.spacer $top.maxwidthl $top.maxwidth -sticky w
-    ${NS}::label $top.maxpctl -text [mc "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"]
-    spinbox $top.maxpct -from 1 -to 100 -width 4 -textvariable maxgraphpct
-    grid x $top.maxpctl $top.maxpct -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.showlocal -text [mc "Show local changes"] \
-	-variable showlocalchanges
-    grid x $top.showlocal -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.autoselect -text [mc "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"] \
-	-variable autoselect
-    spinbox $top.autosellen -from 1 -to 40 -width 4 -textvariable autosellen
-    grid x $top.autoselect $top.autosellen -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.hideremotes -text [mc "Hide remote refs"] \
-	-variable hideremotes
-    grid x $top.hideremotes -sticky w
-
-    ${NS}::label $top.ddisp -text [mc "Diff display options"]
-    grid $top.ddisp - -sticky w -pady 10
-    ${NS}::label $top.tabstopl -text [mc "Tab spacing"]
-    spinbox $top.tabstop -from 1 -to 20 -width 4 -textvariable tabstop
-    grid x $top.tabstopl $top.tabstop -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.ntag -text [mc "Display nearby tags"] \
-	-variable showneartags
-    grid x $top.ntag -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.ldiff -text [mc "Limit diffs to listed paths"] \
-	-variable limitdiffs
-    grid x $top.ldiff -sticky w
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.lattr -text [mc "Support per-file encodings"] \
-	-variable perfile_attrs
-    grid x $top.lattr -sticky w
-
-    ${NS}::entry $top.extdifft -textvariable extdifftool
-    ${NS}::frame $top.extdifff
-    ${NS}::label $top.extdifff.l -text [mc "External diff tool" ]
-    ${NS}::button $top.extdifff.b -text [mc "Choose..."] -command choose_extdiff
-    pack $top.extdifff.l $top.extdifff.b -side left
-    pack configure $top.extdifff.l -padx 10
-    grid x $top.extdifff $top.extdifft -sticky ew
-
-    ${NS}::label $top.lgen -text [mc "General options"]
-    grid $top.lgen - -sticky w -pady 10
-    ${NS}::checkbutton $top.want_ttk -variable want_ttk \
-	-text [mc "Use themed widgets"]
-    if {$have_ttk} {
-	${NS}::label $top.ttk_note -text [mc "(change requires restart)"]
+
+    if {[set use_notebook [expr {$use_ttk && [info command ::ttk::notebook] ne ""}]]} {
+	set notebook [ttk::notebook $top.notebook]
     } else {
-	${NS}::label $top.ttk_note -text [mc "(currently unavailable)"]
-    }
-    grid x $top.want_ttk $top.ttk_note -sticky w
-
-    ${NS}::label $top.cdisp -text [mc "Colors: press to choose"]
-    grid $top.cdisp - -sticky w -pady 10
-    label $top.ui -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $uicolor
-    ${NS}::button $top.uibut -text [mc "Interface"] \
-       -command [list choosecolor uicolor {} $top.ui [mc "interface"] setui]
-    grid x $top.uibut $top.ui -sticky w
-    label $top.bg -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $bgcolor
-    ${NS}::button $top.bgbut -text [mc "Background"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor bgcolor {} $top.bg [mc "background"] setbg]
-    grid x $top.bgbut $top.bg -sticky w
-    label $top.fg -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $fgcolor
-    ${NS}::button $top.fgbut -text [mc "Foreground"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor fgcolor {} $top.fg [mc "foreground"] setfg]
-    grid x $top.fgbut $top.fg -sticky w
-    label $top.diffold -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 0]
-    ${NS}::button $top.diffoldbut -text [mc "Diff: old lines"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 0 $top.diffold [mc "diff old lines"] \
-		      [list $ctext tag conf d0 -foreground]]
-    grid x $top.diffoldbut $top.diffold -sticky w
-    label $top.diffnew -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 1]
-    ${NS}::button $top.diffnewbut -text [mc "Diff: new lines"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 1 $top.diffnew [mc "diff new lines"] \
-		      [list $ctext tag conf dresult -foreground]]
-    grid x $top.diffnewbut $top.diffnew -sticky w
-    label $top.hunksep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background [lindex $diffcolors 2]
-    ${NS}::button $top.hunksepbut -text [mc "Diff: hunk header"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor diffcolors 2 $top.hunksep \
-		      [mc "diff hunk header"] \
-		      [list $ctext tag conf hunksep -foreground]]
-    grid x $top.hunksepbut $top.hunksep -sticky w
-    label $top.markbgsep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $markbgcolor
-    ${NS}::button $top.markbgbut -text [mc "Marked line bg"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor markbgcolor {} $top.markbgsep \
-		      [mc "marked line background"] \
-		      [list $ctext tag conf omark -background]]
-    grid x $top.markbgbut $top.markbgsep -sticky w
-    label $top.selbgsep -padx 40 -relief sunk -background $selectbgcolor
-    ${NS}::button $top.selbgbut -text [mc "Select bg"] \
-	-command [list choosecolor selectbgcolor {} $top.selbgsep [mc "background"] setselbg]
-    grid x $top.selbgbut $top.selbgsep -sticky w
-
-    ${NS}::label $top.cfont -text [mc "Fonts: press to choose"]
-    grid $top.cfont - -sticky w -pady 10
-    mkfontdisp mainfont $top [mc "Main font"]
-    mkfontdisp textfont $top [mc "Diff display font"]
-    mkfontdisp uifont $top [mc "User interface font"]
+	set notebook [${NS}::frame $top.notebook -borderwidth 0 -relief flat]
+    }
+
+    lappend pages [prefspage_general $notebook] [mc "General"]
+    lappend pages [prefspage_colors $notebook] [mc "Colors"]
+    lappend pages [prefspage_fonts $notebook] [mc "Fonts"]
+    set col 0
+    foreach {page title} $pages {
+	if {$use_notebook} {
+	    $notebook add $page -text $title
+	} else {
+	    set btn [${NS}::button $notebook.b_[string map {. X} $page] \
+			 -text $title -command [list raise $page]]
+	    $page configure -text $title
+	    grid $btn -row 0 -column [incr col] -sticky w
+	    grid $page -row 1 -column 0 -sticky news -columnspan 100
+	}
+    }
+
+    if {!$use_notebook} {
+	grid columnconfigure $notebook 0 -weight 1
+	grid rowconfigure $notebook 1 -weight 1
+	raise [lindex $pages 0]
+    }
+
+    grid $notebook -sticky news -padx 2 -pady 2
+    grid rowconfigure $top 0 -weight 1
+    grid columnconfigure $top 0 -weight 1
 
     ${NS}::frame $top.buts
     ${NS}::button $top.buts.ok -text [mc "OK"] -command prefsok -default active
@@ -10904,7 +11506,7 @@ proc doprefs {} {
     grid columnconfigure $top.buts 1 -weight 1 -uniform a
     grid $top.buts - - -pady 10 -sticky ew
     grid columnconfigure $top 2 -weight 1
-    bind $top <Visibility> "focus $top.buts.ok"
+    bind $top <Visibility> [list focus $top.buts.ok]
 }
 
 proc choose_extdiff {} {
@@ -11043,7 +11645,29 @@ proc prefsok {} {
 proc formatdate {d} {
     global datetimeformat
     if {$d ne {}} {
-	set d [clock format [lindex $d 0] -format $datetimeformat]
+	# If $datetimeformat includes a timezone, display in the
+	# timezone of the argument.  Otherwise, display in local time.
+	if {[string match {*%[zZ]*} $datetimeformat]} {
+	    if {[catch {set d [clock format [lindex $d 0] -timezone [lindex $d 1] -format $datetimeformat]}]} {
+		# Tcl < 8.5 does not support -timezone.  Emulate it by
+		# setting TZ (e.g. TZ=<-0430>+04:30).
+		global env
+		if {[info exists env(TZ)]} {
+		    set savedTZ $env(TZ)
+		}
+		set zone [lindex $d 1]
+		set sign [string map {+ - - +} [string index $zone 0]]
+		set env(TZ) <$zone>$sign[string range $zone 1 2]:[string range $zone 3 4]
+		set d [clock format [lindex $d 0] -format $datetimeformat]
+		if {[info exists savedTZ]} {
+		    set env(TZ) $savedTZ
+		} else {
+		    unset env(TZ)
+		}
+	    }
+	} else {
+	    set d [clock format [lindex $d 0] -format $datetimeformat]
+	}
     }
     return $d
 }
@@ -11391,8 +12015,22 @@ if {[catch {package require Tk 8.4} err]} {
     exit 1
 }
 
+# on OSX bring the current Wish process window to front
+if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
+    exec osascript -e [format {
+        tell application "System Events"
+            set frontmost of processes whose unix id is %d to true
+        end tell
+    } [pid] ]
+}
+
+# Unset GIT_TRACE var if set
+if { [info exists ::env(GIT_TRACE)] } {
+    unset ::env(GIT_TRACE)
+}
+
 # defaults...
-set wrcomcmd "git diff-tree --stdin -p --pretty"
+set wrcomcmd "git diff-tree --stdin -p --pretty=email"
 
 set gitencoding {}
 catch {
@@ -11422,10 +12060,20 @@ catch {
     }
 }
 
+set log_showroot true
+catch {
+    set log_showroot [exec git config --bool --get log.showroot]
+}
+
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
     set mainfont {{Lucida Grande} 9}
     set textfont {Monaco 9}
     set uifont {{Lucida Grande} 9 bold}
+} elseif {![catch {::tk::pkgconfig get fontsystem} xft] && $xft eq "xft"} {
+    # fontconfig!
+    set mainfont {sans 9}
+    set textfont {monospace 9}
+    set uifont {sans 9 bold}
 } else {
     set mainfont {Helvetica 9}
     set textfont {Courier 9}
@@ -11445,6 +12093,7 @@ set wrapcomment "none"
 set showneartags 1
 set hideremotes 0
 set maxrefs 20
+set visiblerefs {"master"}
 set maxlinelen 200
 set showlocalchanges 1
 set limitdiffs 1
@@ -11463,22 +12112,47 @@ if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
 set colors {green red blue magenta darkgrey brown orange}
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "win32"} {
     set uicolor SystemButtonFace
+    set uifgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set uifgdisabledcolor SystemDisabledText
     set bgcolor SystemWindow
-    set fgcolor SystemButtonText
+    set fgcolor SystemWindowText
     set selectbgcolor SystemHighlight
 } else {
     set uicolor grey85
+    set uifgcolor black
+    set uifgdisabledcolor "#999"
     set bgcolor white
     set fgcolor black
     set selectbgcolor gray85
 }
 set diffcolors {red "#00a000" blue}
 set diffcontext 3
+set mergecolors {red blue green purple brown "#009090" magenta "#808000" "#009000" "#ff0080" cyan "#b07070" "#70b0f0" "#70f0b0" "#f0b070" "#ff70b0"}
 set ignorespace 0
 set worddiff ""
 set markbgcolor "#e0e0ff"
 
+set headbgcolor green
+set headfgcolor black
+set headoutlinecolor black
+set remotebgcolor #ffddaa
+set tagbgcolor yellow
+set tagfgcolor black
+set tagoutlinecolor black
+set reflinecolor black
+set filesepbgcolor #aaaaaa
+set filesepfgcolor black
+set linehoverbgcolor #ffff80
+set linehoverfgcolor black
+set linehoveroutlinecolor black
+set mainheadcirclecolor yellow
+set workingfilescirclecolor red
+set indexcirclecolor green
 set circlecolors {white blue gray blue blue}
+set linkfgcolor blue
+set circleoutlinecolor $fgcolor
+set foundbgcolor yellow
+set currentsearchhitbgcolor orange
 
 # button for popping up context menus
 if {[tk windowingsystem] eq "aqua"} {
@@ -11506,7 +12180,47 @@ namespace import ::msgcat::mc
 ## And eventually load the actual message catalog
 ::msgcat::mcload $gitk_msgsdir
 
-catch {source ~/.gitk}
+catch {
+    # follow the XDG base directory specification by default. See
+    # http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html
+    if {[info exists env(XDG_CONFIG_HOME)] && $env(XDG_CONFIG_HOME) ne ""} {
+	# XDG_CONFIG_HOME environment variable is set
+	set config_file [file join $env(XDG_CONFIG_HOME) git gitk]
+	set config_file_tmp [file join $env(XDG_CONFIG_HOME) git gitk-tmp]
+    } else {
+	# default XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+	set config_file "~/.config/git/gitk"
+	set config_file_tmp "~/.config/git/gitk-tmp"
+    }
+    if {![file exists $config_file]} {
+	# for backward compatibility use the old config file if it exists
+	if {[file exists "~/.gitk"]} {
+	    set config_file "~/.gitk"
+	    set config_file_tmp "~/.gitk-tmp"
+	} elseif {![file exists [file dirname $config_file]]} {
+	    file mkdir [file dirname $config_file]
+	}
+    }
+    source $config_file
+}
+config_check_tmp_exists 50
+
+set config_variables {
+    mainfont textfont uifont tabstop findmergefiles maxgraphpct maxwidth
+    cmitmode wrapcomment autoselect autosellen showneartags maxrefs visiblerefs
+    hideremotes showlocalchanges datetimeformat limitdiffs uicolor want_ttk
+    bgcolor fgcolor uifgcolor uifgdisabledcolor colors diffcolors mergecolors
+    markbgcolor diffcontext selectbgcolor foundbgcolor currentsearchhitbgcolor
+    extdifftool perfile_attrs headbgcolor headfgcolor headoutlinecolor
+    remotebgcolor tagbgcolor tagfgcolor tagoutlinecolor reflinecolor
+    filesepbgcolor filesepfgcolor linehoverbgcolor linehoverfgcolor
+    linehoveroutlinecolor mainheadcirclecolor workingfilescirclecolor
+    indexcirclecolor circlecolors linkfgcolor circleoutlinecolor
+}
+foreach var $config_variables {
+    config_init_trace $var
+    trace add variable $var write config_variable_change_cb
+}
 
 parsefont mainfont $mainfont
 eval font create mainfont [fontflags mainfont]
@@ -11607,6 +12321,8 @@ if {[package vcompare $git_version "1.6.6.2"] >= 0} {
     set show_notes "--show-notes"
 }
 
+set appname "gitk"
+
 set runq {}
 set history {}
 set historyindex 0
@@ -11632,6 +12348,7 @@ set highlight_related [mc "None"]
 set highlight_files {}
 set viewfiles(0) {}
 set viewperm(0) 0
+set viewchanged(0) 0
 set viewargs(0) {}
 set viewargscmd(0) {}
 
@@ -11676,7 +12393,7 @@ catch {
 }
 # wait for the window to become visible
 tkwait visibility .
-wm title . "[file tail $argv0]: [file tail [pwd]]"
+wm title . "$appname: [reponame]"
 update
 readrefs
 
@@ -11690,6 +12407,7 @@ if {$cmdline_files ne {} || $revtreeargs ne {} || $revtreeargscmd ne {}} {
     set viewargs(1) $revtreeargs
     set viewargscmd(1) $revtreeargscmd
     set viewperm(1) 0
+    set viewchanged(1) 0
     set vdatemode(1) 0
     addviewmenu 1
     .bar.view entryconf [mca "Edit view..."] -state normal
@@ -11705,6 +12423,7 @@ if {[info exists permviews]} {
 	set viewargs($n) [lindex $v 2]
 	set viewargscmd($n) [lindex $v 3]
 	set viewperm($n) 1
+	set viewchanged($n) 0
 	addviewmenu $n
     }
 }
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/bg.po b/gitk-git/po/bg.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1df0716c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/bg.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1350 @@
+# Bulgarian translation of gitk po-file.
+# Copyright (C) 2014 Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git package.
+# Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>, 2014.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk master\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-07-28 07:32+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Bulgarian <dict@fsa-bg.org>\n"
+"Language: bg\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: gitk:140
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Списъкът с неслети файлове не може да бъде получен:"
+
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Оцветяване на думите"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Отбелязване на думите"
+
+#: gitk:324
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Грешка при разбор на версиите:"
+
+#: gitk:380
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Грешка при изпълнение на командата с „--argscmd“."
+
+#: gitk:393
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Не са избрани файлове — указана е опцията „--merge“, но няма неслети файлове."
+
+#: gitk:396
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Не са избрани файлове — указана е опцията „--merge“, но няма неслети файлове "
+"в ограниченията."
+
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Грешка при изпълнение на „git log“:"
+
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Прочитане"
+
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Прочитане на подаванията…"
+
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Не са избрани подавания"
+
+#: gitk:1511
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Изходът от „git log“ не може да се анализира:"
+
+#: gitk:1740
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Липсва информация за подавания"
+
+#: gitk:1897
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr "mc"
+
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "Добре"
+
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Отказ"
+
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Обновяване"
+
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "Презареждане"
+
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Наново прочитане на настройките"
+
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Изброяване на указателите"
+
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "Стартиране на „git gui“"
+
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Спиране на програмата"
+
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "Файл"
+
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Настройки"
+
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Редактиране"
+
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Нов изглед…"
+
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Редактиране на изгледа…"
+
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Изтриване на изгледа"
+
+#: gitk:2088
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Всички файлове"
+
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Изглед"
+
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Относно gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Клавишни комбинации"
+
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Помощ"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1:"
+
+#: gitk:2229
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Ред"
+
+#: gitk:2267
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Търсене"
+
+#: gitk:2295
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "съдържащо:"
+
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "засягащо пътищата:"
+
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "добавящо/премахващо низ"
+
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "променящо редове напасващи:"
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Точно"
+
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "Без регистър"
+
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Рег. израз"
+
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Всички полета"
+
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Първи ред"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Коментари"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Автор"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Подаващ"
+
+#: gitk:2350
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Търсене"
+
+#: gitk:2358
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Разлики"
+
+#: gitk:2360
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Стара версия"
+
+#: gitk:2362
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Нова версия"
+
+#: gitk:2364
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Контекст в редове"
+
+#: gitk:2374
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Празните знаци без значение"
+
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Поредови разлики"
+
+#: gitk:2445
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Кръпка"
+
+#: gitk:2447
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Дърво"
+
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Разлики между това и избраното"
+
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Разлики между избраното и това"
+
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Създаване на кръпка"
+
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Създаване на етикет"
+
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Запазване на подаването във файл"
+
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Създаване на нов клон"
+
+#: gitk:2622
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Отбиране на това подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2623
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Привеждане на върха на клона към текущото подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2624
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Отбелязване на това подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2625
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Връщане към отбелязаното подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2626
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Откриване и отбелязване на наследниците"
+
+#: gitk:2627
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Сравнение с отбелязаното подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Разлики между това и отбелязаното"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Разлики между отбелязаното и това"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Отмяна на това подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2646
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Изтегляне на този клон"
+
+#: gitk:2647
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Изтриване на този клон"
+
+#: gitk:2654
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Отбелязване и на това"
+
+#: gitk:2655
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Отбелязване само на това"
+
+#: gitk:2656
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Външна програма за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:2657
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Анотиране на родителското подаване"
+
+#: gitk:2664
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Показване на произхода на този ред"
+
+#: gitk:2665
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Изпълнение на „git gui blame“ върху този ред"
+
+#: gitk:3011
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk — визуализация на подаванията в Git\n"
+"\n"
+"Авторски права: © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Използвайте и разпространявайте при условията на ОПЛ на ГНУ"
+
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Затваряне"
+
+#: gitk:3040
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Клавишни комбинации"
+
+#: gitk:3043
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Клавишни комбинации:"
+
+#: gitk:3045
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tСпиране на програмата"
+
+#: gitk:3046
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tЗатваряне на прозореца"
+
+#: gitk:3047
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tКъм първото подаване"
+
+#: gitk:3048
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tКъм последното подаване"
+
+#: gitk:3049
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, k\tЕдно подаване нагоре"
+
+#: gitk:3050
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, j\tЕдно подаване надолу"
+
+#: gitk:3051
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, h\tНазад в историята"
+
+#: gitk:3052
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tНапред в историята"
+
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tСтраница нагоре в списъка с подаванията"
+
+#: gitk:3055
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tСтраница надолу в списъка с подаванията"
+
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tКъм началото на списъка с подаванията"
+
+#: gitk:3057
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tКъм края на списъка с подаванията"
+
+#: gitk:3058
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tРед нагоре в списъка с подавания"
+
+#: gitk:3059
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tРед надолу в списъка с подавания"
+
+#: gitk:3060
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tСтраница нагоре в списъка с подавания"
+
+#: gitk:3061
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tСтраница надолу в списъка с подавания"
+
+#: gitk:3062
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tТърсене назад (визуално нагоре, исторически — последващи)"
+
+#: gitk:3063
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr ""
+"<Shift-Down>\tТърсене напред (визуално надолу, исторически — предхождащи)"
+
+#: gitk:3064
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tСтраница нагоре в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3065
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tСтраница надолу в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3066
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Space>\t\tСтраница надолу в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3067
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\t18 реда нагоре в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3068
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\t18 реда надолу в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3069
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tТърсене"
+
+#: gitk:3070
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tКъм следващата поява"
+
+#: gitk:3071
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\tКъм следващата поява"
+
+#: gitk:3072
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tФокус върху полето за търсене"
+
+#: gitk:3073
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tКъм предишната поява"
+
+#: gitk:3074
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tСледващ файл в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3075
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tТърсене на следващата поява в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3076
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tТърсене на предишната поява в изгледа за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:3077
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tПо-голям размер на шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:3078
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\tПо-голям размер на шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:3079
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tПо-малък размер на шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:3080
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\tПо-малък размер на шрифта"
+
+#: gitk:3081
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tОбновяване"
+
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Грешка при създаването на временната директория „%s“:"
+
+#: gitk:3568
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Грешка при получаването на „%s“ от %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3631
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "неуспешно изпълнение на команда:"
+
+#: gitk:3780
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Такова подаване няма"
+
+#: gitk:3794
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "„git gui blame“: неуспешно изпълнение на команда:"
+
+#: gitk:3825
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Върхът за сливане не може да бъде прочетен: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3833
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Грешка при прочитане на индекса: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3858
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Командата „git blame“ не може да бъде стартирана: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Търсене"
+
+#: gitk:3893
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Грешка при изпълнението на „git blame“: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3921
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr "Този ред идва от подаването %s,  което не е в изгледа"
+
+#: gitk:3935
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "Неуспешно изпълнение на външната програма за разлики:"
+
+#: gitk:4053
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Дефиниция на изглед в Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:4057
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Запазване на този изглед"
+
+#: gitk:4058
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Указатели (списък с разделител интервал):"
+
+#: gitk:4059
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Клони и етикети:"
+
+#: gitk:4060
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Всички указатели"
+
+#: gitk:4061
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "Всички (локални) клони"
+
+#: gitk:4062
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "Всички етикети"
+
+#: gitk:4063
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Всички следящи клони"
+
+#: gitk:4064
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Информация за подаване (рег. изр.):"
+
+#: gitk:4065
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Автор:"
+
+#: gitk:4066
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Подал:"
+
+#: gitk:4067
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Съобщение при подаване:"
+
+#: gitk:4068
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Съвпадение по коя да е информация за подаването"
+
+#: gitk:4069
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Съвпадение по коя да е информация за подаването"
+
+#: gitk:4070
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Промени по файловете:"
+
+#: gitk:4071
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Дословен низ"
+
+#: gitk:4072
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Регулярен израз"
+
+#: gitk:4073
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Низ за търсене:"
+
+#: gitk:4074
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Дата на подаване („2 weeks ago“ (преди 2 седмици), „2009-03-17 15:27:38“, "
+"„March 17, 2009 15:27:38“):"
+
+#: gitk:4075
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "От:"
+
+#: gitk:4076
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "До:"
+
+#: gitk:4077
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr ""
+"Ограничаване и/или прескачане на определен брой версии (неотрицателно цяло "
+"число):"
+
+#: gitk:4078
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Брой показани:"
+
+#: gitk:4079
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Брой прескочени:"
+
+#: gitk:4080
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Разни:"
+
+#: gitk:4081
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Подреждане по дата"
+
+#: gitk:4082
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Отбелязване на страните по клона"
+
+#: gitk:4083
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Само първия родител"
+
+#: gitk:4084
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Опростена история"
+
+#: gitk:4085
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Допълнителни аргументи към „git log“:"
+
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Въведете файловете и директориите за включване, по елемент на ред"
+
+#: gitk:4087
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr ""
+"Команда за генерирането на допълнителни подавания, които да бъдат включени:"
+
+#: gitk:4211
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: редактиране на изглед"
+
+#: gitk:4219
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "— критерии за избор на версии"
+
+#: gitk:4224
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Име на изглед"
+
+#: gitk:4299
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Прилагане (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4337
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Грешка в аргументите за избор на подавания:"
+
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Няма"
+
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Наследник"
+
+#: gitk:5004
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Не е наследник"
+
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Предшественик"
+
+#: gitk:5012
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Не е предшественик"
+
+#: gitk:5306
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Локални промени добавени към индекса, но неподадени"
+
+#: gitk:5342
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Локални промени извън индекса"
+
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "и още много"
+
+#: gitk:7118
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "много"
+
+#: gitk:7309
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Етикети:"
+
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Родител"
+
+#: gitk:7337
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Дете"
+
+#: gitk:7346
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Клон"
+
+#: gitk:7349
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Следва"
+
+#: gitk:7352
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Предшества"
+
+#: gitk:7947
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Грешка при получаването на разликите: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8631
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Към ред:"
+
+#: gitk:8652
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "Съкратената сума по SHA1 %s не е еднозначна"
+
+#: gitk:8659
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "Непозната версия %s"
+
+#: gitk:8669
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "Непозната сума по SHA1 %s"
+
+#: gitk:8671
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "Версия %s не е в текущия изглед"
+
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Дата"
+
+#: gitk:8816
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Деца"
+
+#: gitk:8879
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Зануляване на клона „%s“ към текущото подаване"
+
+#: gitk:8881
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Несвързан връх: невъзможно зануляване"
+
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Пропускане на подаването на сливането"
+
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Грешка при получаването на идентификатора на "
+
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " — спиране\n"
+
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Подаване"
+
+#: gitk:9016
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" е същата кръпка като\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9024
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" се различава от\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9026
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Разлика между подаванията:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " има %s деца — спиране\n"
+
+#: gitk:9066
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Грешка при запазването на подаването във файл: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9072
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Грешка при изчисляването на разликите между подаванията: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9118
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Най-горе"
+
+#: gitk:9119
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "От"
+
+#: gitk:9124
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "До"
+
+#: gitk:9148
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Генериране на кръпка"
+
+#: gitk:9150
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "От:"
+
+#: gitk:9159
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "До:"
+
+#: gitk:9168
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Обръщане"
+
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Запазване във файла:"
+
+#: gitk:9176
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Генериране"
+
+#: gitk:9214
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Грешка при създаването на кръпка:"
+
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "Идентификатор:"
+
+#: gitk:9246
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Име на етикет:"
+
+#: gitk:9249
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "Съобщението за етикет е незадължително"
+
+#: gitk:9251
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Съобщение за етикет:"
+
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Създаване"
+
+#: gitk:9273
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Липсва име на етикет"
+
+#: gitk:9277
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "Етикетът „%s“ вече съществува"
+
+#: gitk:9287
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Грешка при създаването на етикет:"
+
+#: gitk:9363
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Команда:"
+
+#: gitk:9371
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Запазване"
+
+#: gitk:9389
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Грешка при запазването на подаването:"
+
+#: gitk:9416
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Име:"
+
+#: gitk:9439
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Укажете име за новия клон"
+
+#: gitk:9444
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ вече съществува. Да бъде ли презаписан?"
+
+#: gitk:9511
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Подаването „%s“ вече е включено в клона „%s“ — да бъде ли приложено отново?"
+
+#: gitk:9516
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Отбиране"
+
+#: gitk:9525
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно отбиране, защото във файла „%s“ има локални промени.\n"
+"Подайте, занулете или ги скатайте и пробвайте отново."
+
+#: gitk:9531
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно отбиране поради конфликти при сливане.\n"
+"Искате ли да ги коригирате чрез „git citool“?"
+
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Не са подадени промени"
+
+#: gitk:9574
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ не е включено в клона „%s“. Да бъде ли отменено?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Отмяна"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешна отмяна, защото във файла „%s“ има локални промени.\n"
+"Подайте, занулете или ги скатайте и пробвайте отново.<"
+
+#: gitk:9591
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно отмяна поради конфликти при сливане.\n"
+"Искате ли да ги коригирате чрез „git citool“?"
+
+#: gitk:9634
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Потвърждаване на зануляването"
+
+#: gitk:9636
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Да се занули ли клонът „%s“ към „%s“?"
+
+#: gitk:9638
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Вид зануляване:"
+
+#: gitk:9641
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Слабо: работното дърво и индекса остават същите"
+
+#: gitk:9644
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Смесено: работното дърво остава същото, индексът се занулява"
+
+#: gitk:9647
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Силно: зануляване и на работното дърво, и на индекса\n"
+"(*ВСИЧКИ* локални промени ще бъдат безвъзвратно загубени)"
+
+#: gitk:9664
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Зануляване"
+
+#: gitk:9724
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Изтегляне"
+
+#: gitk:9777
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Текущо изтегленият клон не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: gitk:9783
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Подаванията на клона „%s“ не са на никой друг клон.\n"
+"Наистина ли да се изтрие клонът „%s“?"
+
+#: gitk:9814
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Етикети и върхове: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9829
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Филтриране"
+
+#: gitk:10125
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Грешка при прочитането на топологията на подаванията. Информацията за клона "
+"и предшестващите/следващите етикети ще е непълна."
+
+#: gitk:11102
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Етикет"
+
+#: gitk:11106
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Идентификатор"
+
+#: gitk:11189
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Избор на шрифт за Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11206
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "Ч"
+
+#: gitk:11209
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "К"
+
+#: gitk:11327
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Настройки на списъка с подавания"
+
+#: gitk:11330
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Максимална широчина на графа (в редове)"
+
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Максимална широчина на графа (% от панела)"
+
+#: gitk:11337
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Показване на локалните промени"
+
+#: gitk:11340
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Автоматично избиране на SHA1 (дължина)"
+
+#: gitk:11344
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Скриване на отдалечените указатели"
+
+#: gitk:11348
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Настройки на показването на разликите"
+
+#: gitk:11350
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Широчина на табулатора"
+
+#: gitk:11353
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Извеждане на близките етикети и върхове"
+
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Максимален брой етикети/върхове за показване"
+
+#: gitk:11359
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Разлика само в избраните пътища"
+
+#: gitk:11362
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Поддръжка на различни кодирания за всеки файл"
+
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Външен инструмент за разлики"
+
+#: gitk:11369
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Избор…"
+
+#: gitk:11374
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Общи настройки"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Използване на тема за графичните обекти"
+
+#: gitk:11379
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(промяната изисква рестартиране на Gitk)"
+
+#: gitk:11381
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(в момента недостъпно)"
+
+#: gitk:11392
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Цветове: избира се с натискане"
+
+#: gitk:11395
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Интерфейс"
+
+#: gitk:11396
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "интерфейс"
+
+#: gitk:11399
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Фон"
+
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "фон"
+
+#: gitk:11403
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Знаци"
+
+#: gitk:11404
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "знаци"
+
+#: gitk:11407
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Разлика: стари редове"
+
+#: gitk:11408
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "разлика, стари редове"
+
+#: gitk:11412
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Разлика: нови редове"
+
+#: gitk:11413
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "разлика, нови редове"
+
+#: gitk:11417
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Разлика: начало на парче"
+
+#: gitk:11419
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "разлика, начало на парче"
+
+#: gitk:11423
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Фон на отбелязан ред"
+
+#: gitk:11425
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "фон на отбелязан ред"
+
+#: gitk:11429
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Избор на фон"
+
+#: gitk:11438
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Шрифтове: избира се с натискане"
+
+#: gitk:11440
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Основен шрифт"
+
+#: gitk:11441
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Шрифт за разликите"
+
+#: gitk:11442
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Шрифт на интерфейса"
+
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Настройки на Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Общи"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Цветове"
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Шрифтове"
+
+#: gitk:11525
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: избор на цвят на „%s“"
+
+#: gitk:12242
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Тук липсва хранилище на Git."
+
+#: gitk:12289
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Нееднозначен аргумент „%s“: има и такава версия, и такъв файл"
+
+#: gitk:12301
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Неправилни аргументи на gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:12405
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Команден ред"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/ca.po b/gitk-git/po/ca.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c1f60683c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/ca.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1354 @@
+# Translation of gitk
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+# Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>, 2015.
+#
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-02-01 22:49-0700\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Catalan\n"
+"Language: ca\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.7.3\n"
+
+#: gitk:140
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obtenir la llista de fitxers no fusionats:"
+
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Colora les paraules"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Marca les paraules"
+
+#: gitk:324
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Error en analitzar les revisions:"
+
+#: gitk:380
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Error en executar l'ordre --argscmd:"
+
+#: gitk:393
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"No hi ha fitxers seleccionats: s'ha especificat --merge però cap fitxer està "
+"sense fusionar."
+
+#: gitk:396
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"No hi ha fitxers seleccionats: s'ha especificat --merge però cap fitxer "
+"sense fusionar està dins del límit de fitxers."
+
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Error en executar git log:"
+
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Llegint"
+
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Llegint les revisions..."
+
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Cap comissió seleccionada"
+
+#: gitk:1511
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "No es pot analitzar la sortida del git log:"
+
+#: gitk:1740
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Cap informació de comissió disponible"
+
+#: gitk:1897
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr "mc"
+
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "D'acord"
+
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Cancel·la"
+
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Actualitza"
+
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "Recarrega"
+
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Rellegeix les referències"
+
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Llista les referències"
+
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "Inicia el git gui"
+
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Surt"
+
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "Fitxer"
+
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Preferències"
+
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Edita"
+
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Vista nova..."
+
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Edita la vista..."
+
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Suprimeix vista"
+
+#: gitk:2088
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Tots els fitxers"
+
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Vista"
+
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Quant al gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Associacions de tecles"
+
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Ajuda"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "ID SHA1:"
+
+#: gitk:2229
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Fila"
+
+#: gitk:2267
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Cerca"
+
+#: gitk:2295
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "comissió"
+
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "que contingui:"
+
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "que toqui els camins:"
+
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "que afegeixi/elimini la cadena:"
+
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "que tingui línies canviades coincidents amb:"
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Exacte"
+
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "Ignora majúscula i minúscula"
+
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "Regexp"
+
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Tots els camps"
+
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Titular"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Comentaris"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Comitent"
+
+#: gitk:2350
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Cerca"
+
+#: gitk:2358
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "Diferència"
+
+#: gitk:2360
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Versió antiga"
+
+#: gitk:2362
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Versió nova"
+
+#: gitk:2364
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Línies de context"
+
+#: gitk:2374
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Ignora canvis d'espai"
+
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Diferència de línies"
+
+#: gitk:2445
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Pedaç"
+
+#: gitk:2447
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Arbre"
+
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "Diferencia aquesta -> la seleccionada"
+
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "Diferencia la seleccionada -> aquesta"
+
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Fes pedaç"
+
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Crea etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Escriu la comissió a un fitxer"
+
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Crea una branca nova"
+
+#: gitk:2622
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Recull aquesta comissió com a cirera"
+
+#: gitk:2623
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Restableix la branca HEAD aquí"
+
+#: gitk:2624
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Marca aquesta comissió"
+
+#: gitk:2625
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Torna a la marca"
+
+#: gitk:2626
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Troba la descendent d'aquesta i marca-la"
+
+#: gitk:2627
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "Compara amb la comissió marcada"
+
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diferencia aquesta -> la comissió marcada"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diferencia la comissió seleccionada -> aquesta"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Reverteix aquesta comissió"
+
+#: gitk:2646
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Agafa aquesta branca"
+
+#: gitk:2647
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Elimina aquesta branca"
+
+#: gitk:2654
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Ressalta aquest també"
+
+#: gitk:2655
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Ressalta només aquest"
+
+#: gitk:2656
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "Diferència externa"
+
+#: gitk:2657
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Culpabilitat de la comissió mare"
+
+#: gitk:2664
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Mostra l'origen d'aquesta línia"
+
+#: gitk:2665
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Executa git gui blame en aquesta línia"
+
+#: gitk:3011
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - visualitzador de comissions per al git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Useu-lo i redistribuïu-lo sota els termes de la Llicència Pública General GNU"
+
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Tanca"
+
+#: gitk:3040
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Associacions de tecles del Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:3043
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Associacions de tecles del Gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:3045
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tSurt"
+
+#: gitk:3046
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tTanca la finestra"
+
+#: gitk:3047
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Inici>\t\tVés a la primera comissió"
+
+#: gitk:3048
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<Fi>\t\tVés a l'última comissió"
+
+#: gitk:3049
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Amunt>, p, k\tMou-te una comissió amunt"
+
+#: gitk:3050
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Avall>, n, j\tMou-te una comissió avall"
+
+#: gitk:3051
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Esquerra>, z, h\tRetrocedeix en la llista d'història"
+
+#: gitk:3052
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Dreta>, x, l\tAvança en la llista d'història"
+
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+"<%s-n>\tVés a l'enèsima mare de la comissió actual en la llista d'història"
+
+#: gitk:3054
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<RePàg>\tBaixa una pàgina en la llista de comissions"
+
+#: gitk:3055
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<AvPàg>\tBaixa per una pàgina en la llista de comissions"
+
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Inici>\tDesplaça't a la part superior de la llista de comissions"
+
+#: gitk:3057
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Fi>\tDesplaça't a la part inferior de la llista de comissions"
+
+#: gitk:3058
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Amunt>\tDesplaça la llista de comissions una línia cap amunt"
+
+#: gitk:3059
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Avall>\tDesplaça la llista de comissions una línia cap avall"
+
+#: gitk:3060
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-RePàg>\tDesplaça la llista de comissions amunt per una pàgina"
+
+#: gitk:3061
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-AvPàg>\tDesplaça la llista de comissions una pàgina cap avall"
+
+#: gitk:3062
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Maj-Amunt>\tCerca cap enrere (amunt, les comissions més noves)"
+
+#: gitk:3063
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr "<Maj-Avall>\tCerca cap endavant (avall, les comissions més velles)"
+
+#: gitk:3064
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Supr>, b\tDesplaça la vista de diferència una pàgina cap amunt"
+
+#: gitk:3065
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Retrocés>\tDesplaça la vista de diferència una pàgina cap amunt"
+
+#: gitk:3066
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Espai>\t\tDesplaça la vista de diferència una pàgina cap avall"
+
+#: gitk:3067
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tDesplaça la vista de diferència 18 línies cap amunt"
+
+#: gitk:3068
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tDesplaça la vista de diferència 18 línies cap avall "
+
+#: gitk:3069
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tCerca"
+
+#: gitk:3070
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tMou-te a la propera coincidència de la cerca"
+
+#: gitk:3071
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Retorn>\tMou-te a la propera coincidència de la cerca"
+
+#: gitk:3072
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tPosa el focus a la caixa de cerca"
+
+#: gitk:3073
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tMou a la coincidència prèvia de la cerca"
+
+#: gitk:3074
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tDesplaça la vista de diferència al proper fitxer"
+
+#: gitk:3075
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tCerca la propera coincidència en la vista de diferència"
+
+#: gitk:3076
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tCerca la coincidència prèvia en la vista de diferència"
+
+#: gitk:3077
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAugmenta la mida de lletra"
+
+#: gitk:3078
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-més>\tAugmenta la mida de lletra"
+
+#: gitk:3079
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDisminueix la mida de lletra"
+
+#: gitk:3080
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-menys>\tDisminueix la mida de lletra"
+
+#: gitk:3081
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tActualitza"
+
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Error en crear el directori temporal %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3568
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Error en obtenir \"%s\" de %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3631
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "l'ordre ha fallat:"
+
+#: gitk:3780
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Cap comissió així"
+
+#: gitk:3794
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame: l'ordre ha fallat:"
+
+#: gitk:3825
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir el cap de fusió: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3833
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Error en llegir l'índex: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3858
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut iniciar el git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Cercant"
+
+#: gitk:3893
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Error en executar el git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3921
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr ""
+"Aquella línia ve de la comissió %s, la qual no és en aquesta visualització"
+
+#: gitk:3935
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "El visualitzador de diferència extern ha fallat:"
+
+#: gitk:4053
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Definició de vista del Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:4057
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Recorda aquesta vista"
+
+#: gitk:4058
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Referències (llista separada per espais)"
+
+#: gitk:4059
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Branques i etiquetes:"
+
+#: gitk:4060
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Totes les referències"
+
+#: gitk:4061
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "Totes les branques (locals)"
+
+#: gitk:4062
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "Totes les etiquetes"
+
+#: gitk:4063
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Totes les branques amb seguiment remot"
+
+#: gitk:4064
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Informació de comissió (expressions regulars):"
+
+#: gitk:4065
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Autor:"
+
+#: gitk:4066
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Comitent:"
+
+#: gitk:4067
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Missatge de comissió:"
+
+#: gitk:4068
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Coincideix amb tots els criteris d'informació de comissió"
+
+#: gitk:4069
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Coincideix amb tots els criteris d'informació de comissió"
+
+#: gitk:4070
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Canvis als fitxers:"
+
+#: gitk:4071
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Cadena fixa"
+
+#: gitk:4072
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Expressió regular"
+
+#: gitk:4073
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Cadena de cerca:"
+
+#: gitk:4074
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Dates de comissió (\"fa 2 setmanes\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"17 abr 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+
+#: gitk:4075
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "Des de:"
+
+#: gitk:4076
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "Fins:"
+
+#: gitk:4077
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Limita o salta un nombre de revisions (nombre enter positiu)"
+
+#: gitk:4078
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Nombre a mostrar:"
+
+#: gitk:4079
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Nombre a saltar:"
+
+#: gitk:4080
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Opcions miscel·lànies:"
+
+#: gitk:4081
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Ordena estrictament per data"
+
+#: gitk:4082
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Marca els costats de les branques"
+
+#: gitk:4083
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Limita a la primera mare"
+
+#: gitk:4084
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Història senzilla"
+
+#: gitk:4085
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Paràmetres addicionals al git log:"
+
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Introduïu els fitxers i directoris a incloure, un per línia:"
+
+#: gitk:4087
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Ordre per a generar més comissions a incloure:"
+
+#: gitk:4211
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: vista d'edició"
+
+#: gitk:4219
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "-- criteris per a seleccionar les revisions"
+
+#: gitk:4224
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Nom de vista"
+
+#: gitk:4299
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Aplica (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4337
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Error en els paràmetres de selecció de comissions:"
+
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Cap"
+
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Descendent"
+
+#: gitk:5004
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "No descendent"
+
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Avantpassat"
+
+#: gitk:5012
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "No avantpassat"
+
+#: gitk:5306
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr "Canvis locals registrats en l'índex però no comesos"
+
+#: gitk:5342
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Canvis locals sense cometre, no registrats en l'índex"
+
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "i moltes més"
+
+#: gitk:7118
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "moltes"
+
+#: gitk:7309
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Etiquetes:"
+
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Mare"
+
+#: gitk:7337
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Filla"
+
+#: gitk:7346
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Branca"
+
+#: gitk:7349
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Segueix"
+
+#: gitk:7352
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Precedeix"
+
+#: gitk:7947
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Error en obtenir les diferències: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8631
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Vés a:"
+
+#: gitk:8652
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "L'id SHA1 curta %s és ambigua"
+
+#: gitk:8659
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "La revisió %s és desconeguda"
+
+#: gitk:8669
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "L'id SHA1 %s és desconeguda"
+
+#: gitk:8671
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "La revisió %s no és en la vista actual"
+
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Data"
+
+#: gitk:8816
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Filles"
+
+#: gitk:8879
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Restableix la branca %s aquí"
+
+#: gitk:8881
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Cap separat: no es pot restablir"
+
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Saltant la comissió de fusió "
+
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Error en obtenir l'ID de pedaç de "
+
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " - aturant\n"
+
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Comissió "
+
+#: gitk:9016
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" és el mateix pedaç que\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9024
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" difereix de\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9026
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Diferència entre comissions:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " té %s filles - aturant\n"
+
+#: gitk:9066
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Error en escriure la comissió al fitxer: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9072
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Error en diferenciar les comissions: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9118
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Part superior"
+
+#: gitk:9119
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "De"
+
+#: gitk:9124
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "A"
+
+#: gitk:9148
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Genera pedaç"
+
+#: gitk:9150
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "De:"
+
+#: gitk:9159
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "A:"
+
+#: gitk:9168
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Inverteix"
+
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Fitxer de sortida:"
+
+#: gitk:9176
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Genera"
+
+#: gitk:9214
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Error en crear el pedaç:"
+
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:9246
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Nom d'etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:9249
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "El missatge d'etiqueta és opcional"
+
+#: gitk:9251
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Missatge d'etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Crea"
+
+#: gitk:9273
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "No s'ha especificat cap nom d'etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:9277
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "L'etiqueta \"%s\" ja existeix"
+
+#: gitk:9287
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Error en crear l'etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:9363
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Ordre:"
+
+#: gitk:9371
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Escriu"
+
+#: gitk:9389
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Error en escriure la comissió:"
+
+#: gitk:9416
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Nom:"
+
+#: gitk:9439
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Si us plau, especifiqueu un nom per a la branca nova"
+
+#: gitk:9444
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "La branca '%s' ja existeix. Voleu sobreescriure?"
+
+#: gitk:9511
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"La comissió %s ja està inclosa en la branca %s -- realment voleu tornar a "
+"aplicar-la?"
+
+#: gitk:9516
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Recollint cireres"
+
+#: gitk:9525
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"El recull de cireres ha fallat a causa de canvis locals al fitxer '%s'.\n"
+"Si us plau, cometeu, restabliu o emmagatzemeu els vostres canvis i torneu a "
+"intentar."
+
+#: gitk:9531
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"El recull de cireres ha fallat a causa d'un conflicte de fusió.\n"
+"Voleu executar el git citool per a resoldre'l?"
+
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Cap canvi comès"
+
+#: gitk:9574
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr ""
+"La comissió %s no s'inclou en la branca %s -- realment voleu revertir-la?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Revertint"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"La reversió ha fallat a causa de canvis locals als fitxers següents:%s Si us "
+"plau, cometeu, restabliu o emmagatzemeu els vostres canvis i torneu-ho a "
+"intentar."
+
+#: gitk:9591
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"La reversió ha fallat a causa d'un conflicte de fusió.\n"
+" Voleu executar el git citool per a resoldre'l?"
+
+#: gitk:9634
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Confirma el restabliment"
+
+#: gitk:9636
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Voleu restablir la branca %s a %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9638
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Tipus de restabliment:"
+
+#: gitk:9641
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Suau: Deixa l'arbre de treball i l'índex sense tocar"
+
+#: gitk:9644
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr "Mixt: Deixa l'arbre de treball sense tocar, restableix l'índex"
+
+#: gitk:9647
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Dur: Restableix l'arbre de treball i l'índex\n"
+"(descarta TOTS els canvis locals)"
+
+#: gitk:9664
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Restablint"
+
+#: gitk:9724
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Agafant"
+
+#: gitk:9777
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "No es pot suprimir la branca actualment agafada"
+
+#: gitk:9783
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Les comissions en la branca %s no són en cap altra branca.\n"
+"Realment voleu suprimir la branca %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9814
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Etiquetes i caps: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9829
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Filtre"
+
+#: gitk:10125
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Error en llegir la informació de topologia de comissió; la informació sobre "
+"branques i etiquetes precedents/següents serà incompleta."
+
+#: gitk:11102
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Etiqueta"
+
+#: gitk:11106
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:11189
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Selector de tipus de lletra del Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11206
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: gitk:11209
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "I"
+
+#: gitk:11327
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Opcions de visualització de la llista de comissions"
+
+#: gitk:11330
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Amplada màxima del gràfic (línies)"
+
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Amplada màxima del gràfic (% del panell)"
+
+#: gitk:11337
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Mostra els canvis locals"
+
+#: gitk:11340
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Selecciona automàticament l'SHA1 (longitud)"
+
+#: gitk:11344
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Amaga les referències remotes"
+
+#: gitk:11348
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Opcions de visualització de diferència"
+
+#: gitk:11350
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Espaiat de tabulació"
+
+#: gitk:11353
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Mostra etiquetes/caps propers"
+
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Nombre màxim d'etiquetes/caps a mostrar"
+
+#: gitk:11359
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Limita les diferències als camins llistats"
+
+#: gitk:11362
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Admet codificacions específiques per a cada fitxer"
+
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Eina de diferència externa"
+
+#: gitk:11369
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Trieu..."
+
+#: gitk:11374
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Opcions generals"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Usa els ginys tematitzats"
+
+#: gitk:11379
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(el canvi requereix reiniciar)"
+
+#: gitk:11381
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(actualment no disponible)"
+
+#: gitk:11392
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Colors: pressiona per a triar"
+
+#: gitk:11395
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Interfície"
+
+#: gitk:11396
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "interfície"
+
+#: gitk:11399
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Fons"
+
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "fons"
+
+#: gitk:11403
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Primer pla"
+
+#: gitk:11404
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "primer pla"
+
+#: gitk:11407
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "Diferència: línies velles"
+
+#: gitk:11408
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "diferencia les línies velles"
+
+#: gitk:11412
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "Diferència: línies noves"
+
+#: gitk:11413
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "diferencia les línies noves"
+
+#: gitk:11417
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "Diferència: capçalera de tros"
+
+#: gitk:11419
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "diferencia la capçalera de tros"
+
+#: gitk:11423
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Fons de la línia marcada"
+
+#: gitk:11425
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "fons de la línia marcada"
+
+#: gitk:11429
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "fons de la selecció"
+
+#: gitk:11438
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Tipus de lletra: pressiona per a triar"
+
+#: gitk:11440
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Tipus de lletra principal"
+
+#: gitk:11441
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Tipus de lletra de visualització de diferència"
+
+#: gitk:11442
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Tipus de lletra de la interfície d'usuari"
+
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferències del Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "General"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Colors"
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Tipus de lletra"
+
+#: gitk:11525
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: tria el color per a %s"
+
+#: gitk:12242
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "No es pot trobar cap dipòsit de git aquí."
+
+#: gitk:12289
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Paràmetre ambigu '%s': és tant revisió com nom de fitxer"
+
+#: gitk:12301
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Paràmetres dolents al gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:12405
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Línia d'ordres"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/de.po b/gitk-git/po/de.po
index bd194a3dff..dabd4eefb5 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/de.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/de.po
@@ -8,33 +8,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: git-gui\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-27 20:21+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-27 20:27+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de>\n"
 "Language-Team: German\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Liste der nicht zusammengeführten Dateien nicht gefunden:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Laden der Versionen:"
 
-#: gitk:329
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen des --argscmd-Kommandos:"
 
-#: gitk:342
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Keine Dateien ausgewählt: Es wurde --merge angegeben, aber es existieren "
 "keine nicht zusammengeführten Dateien."
 
-#: gitk:345
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -42,299 +51,315 @@ msgstr ""
 "Keine Dateien ausgewählt: Es wurde --merge angegeben, aber es sind keine "
 "nicht zusammengeführten Dateien in der Dateiauswahl."
 
-#: gitk:367 gitk:514
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von »git log«:"
 
-#: gitk:385 gitk:530
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Lesen"
 
-#: gitk:445 gitk:4261
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Versionen werden gelesen ..."
 
-#: gitk:448 gitk:1578 gitk:4264
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Keine Versionen ausgewählt"
 
-#: gitk:1454
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Ausgabe von »git log« kann nicht erkannt werden:"
 
-#: gitk:1674
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Keine Versionsinformation verfügbar"
 
-#: gitk:1816
+#: gitk:1897
 msgid "mc"
 msgstr "mc"
 
-#: gitk:1851 gitk:4054 gitk:9044 gitk:10585 gitk:10804
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "Ok"
 
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4056 gitk:8634 gitk:8713 gitk:8828 gitk:8877 gitk:9046
-#: gitk:10586 gitk:10805
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Abbrechen"
 
-#: gitk:1975
+#: gitk:2069
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Aktualisieren"
 
-#: gitk:1976
+#: gitk:2070
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Neu laden"
 
-#: gitk:1977
+#: gitk:2071
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Zweige neu laden"
 
-#: gitk:1978
+#: gitk:2072
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Zweige/Markierungen auflisten"
 
-#: gitk:1980
+#: gitk:2074
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "»git gui« starten"
 
-#: gitk:1982
+#: gitk:2076
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Beenden"
 
-#: gitk:1974
+#: gitk:2068
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Datei"
 
-#: gitk:1986
+#: gitk:2080
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Einstellungen"
 
-#: gitk:1985
+#: gitk:2079
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Bearbeiten"
 
-#: gitk:1990
+#: gitk:2084
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Neue Ansicht ..."
 
-#: gitk:1991
+#: gitk:2085
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Ansicht bearbeiten ..."
 
-#: gitk:1992
+#: gitk:2086
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Ansicht entfernen"
 
-#: gitk:1994
+#: gitk:2088
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Alle Dateien"
 
-#: gitk:1989 gitk:3808
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Ansicht"
 
-#: gitk:1999 gitk:2009 gitk:2780
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "Über gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2000 gitk:2014
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Tastenkürzel"
 
-#: gitk:1998 gitk:2013
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Hilfe"
 
-#: gitk:2091 gitk:8110
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2122
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Zeile"
 
-#: gitk:2160
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Suche"
 
-#: gitk:2161
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "nächste"
-
-#: gitk:2162
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "vorige"
-
-#: gitk:2163
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "Version nach"
 
-#: gitk:2166 gitk:2168 gitk:4422 gitk:4445 gitk:4469 gitk:6410 gitk:6482
-#: gitk:6566
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "Beschreibung:"
 
-#: gitk:2169 gitk:3290 gitk:3295 gitk:4497
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "Dateien:"
 
-#: gitk:2170 gitk:4502
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "Änderungen:"
 
-#: gitk:2179 gitk:2181
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exakt"
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4577 gitk:6378
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "Kein Groß/Klein"
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4471 gitk:4575 gitk:6374
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Regexp"
 
-#: gitk:2183 gitk:2184 gitk:4596 gitk:4626 gitk:4633 gitk:6502 gitk:6570
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Alle Felder"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:4594 gitk:4626 gitk:6441
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Überschrift"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6570 gitk:7003
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Beschreibung"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:4598 gitk:4633 gitk:6441 gitk:6938 gitk:8285
-#: gitk:8300
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Autor"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6940
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Eintragender"
 
-#: gitk:2216
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Suchen"
 
-#: gitk:2224
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Vergleich"
 
-#: gitk:2226
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Alte Version"
 
-#: gitk:2228
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Neue Version"
 
-#: gitk:2230
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Kontextzeilen"
 
-#: gitk:2240
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Leerzeichenänderungen ignorieren"
 
-#: gitk:2299
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2301
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Baum"
 
-#: gitk:2456 gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Vergleich: diese -> gewählte"
 
-#: gitk:2457 gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Vergleich: gewählte -> diese"
 
-#: gitk:2458 gitk:2475
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Patch erstellen"
 
-#: gitk:2459 gitk:8692
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Markierung erstellen"
 
-#: gitk:2460 gitk:8808
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Version in Datei schreiben"
 
-#: gitk:2461 gitk:8865
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Neuen Zweig erstellen"
 
-#: gitk:2462
+#: gitk:2622
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Diese Version pflücken"
 
-#: gitk:2463
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "HEAD-Zweig auf diese Version zurücksetzen"
 
-#: gitk:2464
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Lesezeichen setzen"
 
-#: gitk:2465
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Zum Lesezeichen"
 
-#: gitk:2466
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Abkömmling von Lesezeichen und dieser Version finden"
 
-#: gitk:2467
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Mit Lesezeichen vergleichen"
 
-#: gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Vergleich: diese -> gewählte"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Vergleich: gewählte -> diese"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Lesezeichen setzen"
+
+#: gitk:2646
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Auf diesen Zweig umstellen"
 
-#: gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Zweig löschen"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2654
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Diesen auch hervorheben"
 
-#: gitk:2490
+#: gitk:2655
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Nur diesen hervorheben"
 
-#: gitk:2491
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Externes Diff-Programm"
 
-#: gitk:2492
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Annotieren der Elternversion"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2664
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Herkunft dieser Zeile anzeigen"
 
-#: gitk:2500
+#: gitk:2665
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Diese Zeile annotieren (»git gui blame«)"
 
-#: gitk:2782
+#: gitk:3011
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
@@ -343,500 +368,520 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
-"Benutzung und Weiterverbreitung gemäß den Bedingungen der GNU General Public License"
+"Benutzung und Weiterverbreitung gemäß den Bedingungen der GNU General Public "
+"License"
 
-#: gitk:2790 gitk:2854 gitk:9230
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Schließen"
 
-#: gitk:2811
+#: gitk:3040
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Gitk-Tastaturbelegung"
 
-#: gitk:2814
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Gitk-Tastaturbelegung:"
 
-#: gitk:2816
+#: gitk:3045
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tBeenden"
 
-#: gitk:2817
+#: gitk:3046
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSuchen"
+
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Pos1>\t\tZur neuesten Version springen"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:3048
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<Ende>\t\tZur ältesten Version springen"
 
-#: gitk:2819
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Hoch>, p, i\tNächste neuere Version"
 
-#: gitk:2820
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3050
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Runter>, n, k\tNächste ältere Version"
 
-#: gitk:2821
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3051
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Links>, z, j\tEine Version zurückgehen"
 
-#: gitk:2822
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Rechts>, x, l\tEine Version weitergehen"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<BildHoch>\tEine Seite nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<BildRunter>\tEine Seite nach unten blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:3056
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Pos1>\tZum oberen Ende der Versionsliste blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:3057
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Ende>\tZum unteren Ende der Versionsliste blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2827
+#: gitk:3058
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Hoch>\tVersionsliste eine Zeile nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2828
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Runter>\tVersionsliste eine Zeile nach unten blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2829
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-BildHoch>\tVersionsliste eine Seite nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-BildRunter>\tVersionsliste eine Seite nach unten blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:3062
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Umschalt-Hoch>\tRückwärts suchen (nach oben; neuere Versionen)"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:3063
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Umschalt-Runter> Suchen (nach unten; ältere Versionen)"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:3064
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Entf>, b\t\tVergleich eine Seite nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Löschtaste>\tVergleich eine Seite nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Leertaste>\tVergleich eine Seite nach unten blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tVergleich um 18 Zeilen nach oben blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tVergleich um 18 Zeilen nach unten blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:3069
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSuchen"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:3070
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tWeitersuchen"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Eingabetaste>\tWeitersuchen"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:3072
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tTastaturfokus ins Suchfeld"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:3073
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tRückwärts weitersuchen"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tVergleich zur nächsten Datei blättern"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:3075
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tWeitersuchen im Vergleich"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:3076
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tRückwärts weitersuchen im Vergleich"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:3077
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Nummerblock-Plus>\tSchrift vergrößern"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:3078
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Plus>\tSchrift vergrößern"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Nummernblock-Minus> Schrift verkleinern"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Minus>\tSchrift verkleinern"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:3081
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tAktualisieren"
 
-#: gitk:3305 gitk:3314
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen des temporären Verzeichnisses »%s«:"
 
-#: gitk:3327
+#: gitk:3568
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Holen von »%s« von »%s«:"
 
-#: gitk:3390
+#: gitk:3631
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "Kommando fehlgeschlagen:"
 
-#: gitk:3539
+#: gitk:3780
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Version nicht gefunden"
 
-#: gitk:3553
+#: gitk:3794
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: Kommando fehlgeschlagen:"
 
-#: gitk:3584
+#: gitk:3825
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Zusammenführungs-Spitze konnte nicht gelesen werden: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen der Bereitstellung (»index«): %s"
 
-#: gitk:3617
+#: gitk:3858
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "»git blame« konnte nicht gestartet werden: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3620 gitk:6409
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Suchen"
 
-#: gitk:3652
+#: gitk:3893
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von »git blame«: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3680
+#: gitk:3921
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr ""
 "Diese Zeile stammt aus Version %s, die nicht in dieser Ansicht gezeigt wird"
 
-#: gitk:3694
+#: gitk:3935
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Externes Diff-Programm fehlgeschlagen:"
 
-#: gitk:3812
+#: gitk:4053
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Gitk-Ansichten"
 
-#: gitk:3816
+#: gitk:4057
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Diese Ansicht speichern"
 
-#: gitk:3817
+#: gitk:4058
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Zweige/Markierungen (durch Leerzeichen getrennte Liste):"
 
-#: gitk:3818
+#: gitk:4059
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Zweige/Markierungen:"
 
-#: gitk:3819
+#: gitk:4060
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Alle Markierungen und Zweige"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:4061
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Alle (lokalen) Zweige"
 
-#: gitk:3821
+#: gitk:4062
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Alle Markierungen"
 
-#: gitk:3822
+#: gitk:4063
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Alle Übernahmezweige"
 
-#: gitk:3823
+#: gitk:4064
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Versionsinformationen (reguläre Ausdrücke):"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:4065
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Autor:"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:4066
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Eintragender:"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:4067
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Versionsbeschreibung:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:4068
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Alle Versionsinformationen-Kriterien erfüllen"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:4069
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Alle Versionsinformationen-Kriterien erfüllen"
+
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Dateien:"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4071
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Zeichenkette"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:4072
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Regulärer Ausdruck"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:4073
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Suchausdruck:"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
-msgstr "Datum (»2 weeks ago«, »2009-03-17 15:27:38«, »March 17, 2009 15:27:38«)"
+msgstr ""
+"Datum (»2 weeks ago«, »2009-03-17 15:27:38«, »March 17, 2009 15:27:38«)"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Von:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Bis:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Versionsanzahl begrenzen oder einige überspringen (ganzzahliger Wert):"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Anzeigen:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Überspringen:"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Sonstiges:"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Streng nach Datum sortieren"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Zweig-Seiten markieren"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Auf erste Elternversion beschränken"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Einfache Historie"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Zusätzliche Argumente für »git log«:"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:4086
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Folgende Dateien und Verzeichnisse anzeigen (eine pro Zeile):"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Versionsliste durch folgendes Kommando erzeugen lassen:"
 
-#: gitk:3967
+#: gitk:4211
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: Ansicht bearbeiten"
 
-#: gitk:3975
+#: gitk:4219
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "-- Auswahl der angezeigten Versionen"
 
-#: gitk:3980
+#: gitk:4224
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Ansichtsname"
 
-#: gitk:4055
+#: gitk:4299
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Anwenden (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4093
+#: gitk:4337
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Fehler in den ausgewählten Versionen:"
 
-#: gitk:4146 gitk:4198 gitk:4646 gitk:4660 gitk:5921 gitk:11534 gitk:11535
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Keine"
 
-#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:8287 gitk:8302
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Datum"
-
-#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Eintragedatum"
-
-#: gitk:4743 gitk:4748
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Abkömmling"
 
-#: gitk:4744
+#: gitk:5004
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Kein Abkömmling"
 
-#: gitk:4751 gitk:4756
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Vorgänger"
 
-#: gitk:4752
+#: gitk:5012
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Kein Vorgänger"
 
-#: gitk:5042
+#: gitk:5306
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Lokale Änderungen bereitgestellt, aber nicht eingetragen"
 
-#: gitk:5078
+#: gitk:5342
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Lokale Änderungen, nicht bereitgestellt"
 
-#: gitk:6759
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7118
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "viele"
 
-#: gitk:6942
+#: gitk:7309
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Markierungen:"
 
-#: gitk:6959 gitk:6965 gitk:8280
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Eltern"
 
-#: gitk:6970
+#: gitk:7337
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Kind"
 
-#: gitk:6979
+#: gitk:7346
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Zweig"
 
-#: gitk:6982
+#: gitk:7349
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Folgt auf"
 
-#: gitk:6985
+#: gitk:7352
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Vorgänger von"
 
-#: gitk:7522
+#: gitk:7947
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Laden des Vergleichs: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8108
+#: gitk:8631
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Gehe zu:"
 
-#: gitk:8129
+#: gitk:8652
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Kurzer SHA1-Hashwert »%s« ist mehrdeutig"
 
-#: gitk:8136
+#: gitk:8659
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Version »%s« ist unbekannt"
 
-#: gitk:8146
+#: gitk:8669
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA1-Hashwert »%s« ist unbekannt"
 
-#: gitk:8148
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "Version »%s« wird in der aktuellen Ansicht nicht angezeigt"
 
-#: gitk:8290
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: gitk:8816
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Kinder"
 
-#: gitk:8348
+#: gitk:8879
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Zweig »%s« hierher zurücksetzen"
 
-#: gitk:8350
+#: gitk:8881
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Zweigspitze ist abgetrennt: Zurücksetzen nicht möglich"
 
-#: gitk:8459 gitk:8465
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Überspringe Zusammenführungs-Version "
 
-#: gitk:8474 gitk:8479
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Fehler beim Holen der Patch-ID für "
 
-#: gitk:8475 gitk:8480
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - Abbruch.\n"
 
-#: gitk:8485 gitk:8488 gitk:8496 gitk:8510 gitk:8519
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Version "
 
-#: gitk:8489
+#: gitk:9016
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -844,7 +889,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " ist das gleiche Patch wie\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8497
+#: gitk:9024
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -852,7 +897,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " ist unterschiedlich von\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8499
+#: gitk:9026
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -860,130 +905,131 @@ msgstr ""
 "Vergleich der Versionen:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8511 gitk:8520
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " hat %s Kinder. Abbruch\n"
 
-#: gitk:8539
+#: gitk:9066
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Version in Datei: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8545
+#: gitk:9072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Vergleichen der Versionen: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8575
+#: gitk:9118
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Oben"
 
-#: gitk:8576
+#: gitk:9119
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Von"
 
-#: gitk:8581
+#: gitk:9124
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "bis"
 
-#: gitk:8605
+#: gitk:9148
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Patch erstellen"
 
-#: gitk:8607
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Von:"
 
-#: gitk:8616
+#: gitk:9159
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "bis:"
 
-#: gitk:8625
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Umgekehrt"
 
-#: gitk:8627 gitk:8822
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Ausgabedatei:"
 
-#: gitk:8633
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Erzeugen"
 
-#: gitk:8671
+#: gitk:9214
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen des Patches:"
 
-#: gitk:8694 gitk:8810 gitk:8867
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8703
+#: gitk:9246
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Markierungsname:"
 
-#: gitk:8706
+#: gitk:9249
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "Eine Markierungsbeschreibung ist optional"
 
-#: gitk:8708
+#: gitk:9251
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Markierungsbeschreibung:"
 
-#: gitk:8712 gitk:8876
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Erstellen"
 
-#: gitk:8730
+#: gitk:9273
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Kein Markierungsname angegeben"
 
-#: gitk:8734
+#: gitk:9277
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Markierung »%s« existiert bereits."
 
-#: gitk:8744
+#: gitk:9287
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Markierung:"
 
-#: gitk:8819
+#: gitk:9363
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:8827
+#: gitk:9371
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Schreiben"
 
-#: gitk:8845
+#: gitk:9389
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Version:"
 
-#: gitk:8872
+#: gitk:9416
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Name:"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9439
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Bitte geben Sie einen Namen für den neuen Zweig an."
 
-#: gitk:8900
+#: gitk:9444
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Zweig »%s« existiert bereits. Soll er überschrieben werden?"
 
-#: gitk:8966
+#: gitk:9511
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
-"Version »%s« ist bereits im Zweig »%s« enthalten -- trotzdem erneut eintragen?"
+"Version »%s« ist bereits im Zweig »%s« enthalten -- trotzdem erneut "
+"eintragen?"
 
-#: gitk:8971
+#: gitk:9516
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Version pflücken"
 
-#: gitk:8980
+#: gitk:9525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -993,7 +1039,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "vorliegen. Bitte diese Änderungen eintragen, zurücksetzen oder\n"
 "zwischenspeichern (»git stash«) und dann erneut versuchen."
 
-#: gitk:8986
+#: gitk:9531
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1002,34 +1048,66 @@ msgstr ""
 "ist. Soll das Zusammenführungs-Werkzeug (»git citool«) aufgerufen\n"
 "werden, um diesen Konflikt aufzulösen?"
 
-#: gitk:9002
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Keine Änderungen eingetragen"
 
-#: gitk:9028
+#: gitk:9574
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Version »%s« ist bereits im Zweig »%s« enthalten -- trotzdem erneut "
+"eintragen?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Zurücksetzen"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Pflücken fehlgeschlagen, da noch lokale Änderungen in Datei »%s«\n"
+"vorliegen. Bitte diese Änderungen eintragen, zurücksetzen oder\n"
+"zwischenspeichern (»git stash«) und dann erneut versuchen."
+
+#: gitk:9591
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Pflücken fehlgeschlagen, da ein Zusammenführungs-Konflikt aufgetreten\n"
+"ist. Soll das Zusammenführungs-Werkzeug (»git citool«) aufgerufen\n"
+"werden, um diesen Konflikt aufzulösen?"
+
+#: gitk:9634
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Zurücksetzen bestätigen"
 
-#: gitk:9030
+#: gitk:9636
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Zweig »%s« auf »%s« zurücksetzen?"
 
-#: gitk:9032
+#: gitk:9638
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Art des Zurücksetzens:"
 
-#: gitk:9035
+#: gitk:9641
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Harmlos: Arbeitskopie und Bereitstellung unverändert"
 
-#: gitk:9038
+#: gitk:9644
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr ""
 "Gemischt: Arbeitskopie unverändert,\n"
 "Bereitstellung zurückgesetzt"
 
-#: gitk:9041
+#: gitk:9647
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1037,21 +1115,21 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hart: Arbeitskopie und Bereitstellung\n"
 "(Alle lokalen Änderungen werden gelöscht)"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9664
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Zurücksetzen"
 
-#: gitk:9118
+#: gitk:9724
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Umstellen"
 
-#: gitk:9171
+#: gitk:9777
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr ""
 "Der Zweig, auf den die Arbeitskopie momentan umgestellt ist, kann nicht "
 "gelöscht werden."
 
-#: gitk:9177
+#: gitk:9783
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1060,16 +1138,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Die Versionen auf Zweig »%s« existieren auf keinem anderen Zweig.\n"
 "Zweig »%s« trotzdem löschen?"
 
-#: gitk:9208
+#: gitk:9814
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Markierungen und Zweige: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9223
+#: gitk:9829
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filtern"
 
-#: gitk:9518
+#: gitk:10125
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1077,202 +1155,228 @@ msgstr ""
 "Fehler beim Lesen der Strukturinformationen; Zweige und Informationen zu "
 "Vorgänger/Nachfolger werden unvollständig sein."
 
-#: gitk:10504
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Markierung"
 
-#: gitk:10504
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10554
+#: gitk:11189
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Gitk-Schriften wählen"
 
-#: gitk:10571
+#: gitk:11206
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "F"
 
-#: gitk:10574
+#: gitk:11209
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "K"
 
-#: gitk:10692
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Gitk-Einstellungen"
-
-#: gitk:10694
+#: gitk:11327
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Anzeige der Versionsliste"
 
-#: gitk:10697
+#: gitk:11330
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Maximale Graphenbreite (Zeilen)"
 
-#: gitk:10700
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Maximale Graphenbreite (% des Fensters)"
 
-#: gitk:10703
+#: gitk:11337
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Lokale Änderungen anzeigen"
 
-#: gitk:10706
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11340
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "SHA1-Hashwert automatisch auswählen"
 
-#: gitk:10709
+#: gitk:11344
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Entfernte Zweige/Markierungen ausblenden"
 
-#: gitk:10713
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Anzeige des Vergleichs"
 
-#: gitk:10715
+#: gitk:11350
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Tabulatorbreite"
 
-#: gitk:10718
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11353
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Naheliegende Markierungen anzeigen"
 
-#: gitk:10721
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11359
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Vergleich nur für angezeigte Pfade"
 
-#: gitk:10724
+#: gitk:11362
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Zeichenkodierung pro Datei ermitteln"
 
-#: gitk:10730 gitk:10819
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Externes Diff-Programm"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Wählen ..."
 
-#: gitk:10736
+#: gitk:11374
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
 
-#: gitk:10739
+#: gitk:11377
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Aussehen der Benutzeroberfläche durch Thema bestimmen"
 
-#: gitk:10741
+#: gitk:11379
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(Änderungen werden erst nach Neustart wirksam)"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11381
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(Momentan nicht verfügbar)"
 
-#: gitk:10747
+#: gitk:11392
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Farben: Klicken zum Wählen"
 
-#: gitk:10750
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Benutzeroberfläche"
 
-#: gitk:10751
+#: gitk:11396
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "Benutzeroberfläche"
 
-#: gitk:10754
+#: gitk:11399
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Hintergrund"
 
-#: gitk:10755 gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "Hintergrund"
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11403
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Vordergrund"
 
-#: gitk:10759
+#: gitk:11404
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "Vordergrund"
 
-#: gitk:10762
+#: gitk:11407
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Vergleich: Alte Zeilen"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11408
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "Vergleich - Alte Zeilen"
 
-#: gitk:10767
+#: gitk:11412
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Vergleich: Neue Zeilen"
 
-#: gitk:10768
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "Vergleich - Neue Zeilen"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Vergleich: Änderungstitel"
 
-#: gitk:10774
+#: gitk:11419
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "Vergleich - Änderungstitel"
 
-#: gitk:10778
+#: gitk:11423
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Hintergrund für markierte Zeile"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "Hintergrund für markierte Zeile"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Hintergrundfarbe auswählen"
 
-#: gitk:10788
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Schriftart: Klicken zum Wählen"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Programmschriftart"
 
-#: gitk:10791
+#: gitk:11441
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Schriftart für Vergleich"
 
-#: gitk:10792
+#: gitk:11442
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Beschriftungen"
 
-#: gitk:10829
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Gitk-Einstellungen"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Erzeugen"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: Farbe wählen für %s"
 
-#: gitk:11433
+#: gitk:12242
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Kein Git-Projektarchiv gefunden."
 
-#: gitk:11437
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Git-Verzeichnis »%s« wurde nicht gefunden."
-
-#: gitk:11484
+#: gitk:12289
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Mehrdeutige Angabe »%s«: Sowohl Version als auch Dateiname existiert."
 
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:12301
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Falsche Kommandozeilen-Parameter für gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:11587
+#: gitk:12405
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Kommandozeile"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "nächste"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "vorige"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Eintragedatum"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Git-Verzeichnis »%s« wurde nicht gefunden."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/es.po b/gitk-git/po/es.po
index 0471dd0672..cfc10e13ea 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/es.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/es.po
@@ -8,25 +8,43 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2008-10-18 22:03+1100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2008-03-25 11:20+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Santiago Gala <santiago.gala@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Spanish\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:113
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Imposible obtener la lista de archivos pendientes de fusión:"
 
-#: gitk:340
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Error al leer las diferencias de fusión:"
+
+#: gitk:380
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "No hay archivos seleccionados: se seleccionó la opción --merge pero no hay "
 "archivos pendientes de fusión."
 
-#: gitk:343
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -34,254 +52,317 @@ msgstr ""
 "No hay archivos seleccionados: se seleccionó la opción --merge pero los "
 "archivos especificados no necesitan fusión."
 
-#: gitk:378
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Error al crear la etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Leyendo"
 
-#: gitk:438 gitk:3462
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Leyendo revisiones..."
 
-#: gitk:441 gitk:1528 gitk:3465
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "No se seleccionaron revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:1399
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Error analizando la salida de git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1605
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Falta información sobre las revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:1709 gitk:1731 gitk:3259 gitk:7764 gitk:9293 gitk:9466
+#: gitk:1897
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "Aceptar"
 
-#: gitk:1733 gitk:3260 gitk:7439 gitk:7510 gitk:7613 gitk:7660 gitk:7766
-#: gitk:9294 gitk:9467
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Cancelar"
 
-#: gitk:1811
+#: gitk:2069
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Actualizar"
 
-#: gitk:1813
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2071
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Releer referencias"
 
-#: gitk:1814
+#: gitk:2072
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Lista de referencias"
 
-#: gitk:1815
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2076
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Salir"
 
-#: gitk:1810
+#: gitk:2068
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Archivo"
 
-#: gitk:1818
+#: gitk:2080
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Preferencias"
 
-#: gitk:1817
+#: gitk:2079
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Editar"
 
-#: gitk:1821
+#: gitk:2084
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Nueva vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1822
+#: gitk:2085
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Modificar vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1823
+#: gitk:2086
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Eliminar vista"
 
-#: gitk:1825
+#: gitk:2088
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Todos los archivos"
 
-#: gitk:1820 gitk:3196
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Vista"
 
-#: gitk:1828 gitk:2487
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "Acerca de gitk"
 
-#: gitk:1829
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Combinaciones de teclas"
 
-#: gitk:1827
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Ayuda"
 
-#: gitk:1887
-msgid "SHA1 ID: "
-msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:1918
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:1949
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Buscar"
 
-#: gitk:1950
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "<<"
-
-#: gitk:1951
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr ">>"
-
-#: gitk:1952
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "revisión"
 
-#: gitk:1955 gitk:1957 gitk:3617 gitk:3640 gitk:3664 gitk:5550 gitk:5621
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "que contiene:"
 
-#: gitk:1958 gitk:2954 gitk:2959 gitk:3692
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "que modifica la ruta:"
 
-#: gitk:1959 gitk:3697
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "que añade/elimina cadena:"
 
-#: gitk:1968 gitk:1970
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exacto"
 
-#: gitk:1970 gitk:3773 gitk:5518
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "NoMayús"
 
-#: gitk:1970 gitk:3666 gitk:3771 gitk:5514
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Regex"
 
-#: gitk:1972 gitk:1973 gitk:3792 gitk:3822 gitk:3829 gitk:5641 gitk:5708
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Todos los campos"
 
-#: gitk:1973 gitk:3790 gitk:3822 gitk:5580
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Título"
 
-#: gitk:1974 gitk:3790 gitk:5580 gitk:5708 gitk:6109
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Comentarios"
 
-#: gitk:1974 gitk:3790 gitk:3794 gitk:3829 gitk:5580 gitk:6045 gitk:7285
-#: gitk:7300
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Autor"
 
-#: gitk:1974 gitk:3790 gitk:5580 gitk:6047
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2003
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Buscar"
 
-#: gitk:2010
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diferencia"
 
-#: gitk:2012
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Versión antigua"
 
-#: gitk:2014
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Versión nueva"
 
-#: gitk:2016
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Líneas de contexto"
 
-#: gitk:2026
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignora cambios de espaciado"
 
-#: gitk:2084
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Parche"
 
-#: gitk:2086
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Árbol"
 
-#: gitk:2213 gitk:2226
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diferencia de esta -> seleccionada"
 
-#: gitk:2214 gitk:2227
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diferencia de seleccionada -> esta"
 
-#: gitk:2215 gitk:2228
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Crear patch"
 
-#: gitk:2216 gitk:7494
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Crear etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:2217 gitk:7593
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Escribir revisiones a archivo"
 
-#: gitk:2218 gitk:7647
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Crear nueva rama"
 
-#: gitk:2219
+#: gitk:2622
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Añadir esta revisión a la rama actual (cherry-pick)"
 
-#: gitk:2220
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Traer la rama HEAD aquí"
 
-#: gitk:2234
+#: gitk:2624
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Añadir esta revisión a la rama actual (cherry-pick)"
+
+#: gitk:2625
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2626
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2627
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diferencia de esta -> seleccionada"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diferencia de seleccionada -> esta"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Añadir esta revisión a la rama actual (cherry-pick)"
+
+#: gitk:2646
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Cambiar a esta rama"
 
-#: gitk:2235
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Eliminar esta rama"
 
-#: gitk:2242
+#: gitk:2654
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Seleccionar también"
 
-#: gitk:2243
+#: gitk:2655
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Seleccionar sólo"
 
-#: gitk:2245
+#: gitk:2656
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2664
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2665
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3011
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
@@ -293,425 +374,728 @@ msgstr ""
 "Uso y redistribución permitidos según los términos de la Licencia Pública "
 "General de GNU (GNU GPL)"
 
-#: gitk:2496 gitk:2557 gitk:7943
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Cerrar"
 
-#: gitk:2515
+#: gitk:3040
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Combinaciones de tecla de Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2517
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Combinaciones de tecla de Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2519
+#: gitk:3045
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tSalir"
 
-#: gitk:2520
+#: gitk:3046
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tBuscar"
+
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tIr a la primera revisión"
 
-#: gitk:2521
+#: gitk:3048
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tIr a la última revisión"
 
-#: gitk:2522
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Up>, p, i\tSubir una revisión"
 
-#: gitk:2523
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3050
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Down>, n, k\tBajar una revisión"
 
-#: gitk:2524
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3051
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Left>, z, j\tRetroceder en la historia"
 
-#: gitk:2525
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tAvanzar en la historia"
 
-#: gitk:2526
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tSubir una página en la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2527
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tBajar una página en la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2528
+#: gitk:3056
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tDesplazarse al inicio de la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2529
+#: gitk:3057
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tDesplazarse al final de la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2530
+#: gitk:3058
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Up>\tDesplazar una línea hacia arriba la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2531
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Down>\tDesplazar una línea hacia abajo la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2532
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tDesplazar una página hacia arriba la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2533
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tDesplazar una página hacia abajo la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:2534
+#: gitk:3062
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tBuscar hacia atrás (arriba, revisiones siguientes)"
 
-#: gitk:2535
+#: gitk:3063
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tBuscar hacia adelante (abajo, revisiones anteriores)"
 
-#: gitk:2536
+#: gitk:3064
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tDesplaza hacia arriba una página la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2537
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tDesplaza hacia arriba una página la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2538
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Space>\t\tDesplaza hacia abajo una página la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2539
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tDesplaza hacia arriba 18 líneas la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2540
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tDesplaza hacia abajo 18 líneas la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2541
+#: gitk:3069
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tBuscar"
 
-#: gitk:2542
+#: gitk:3070
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tBuscar el siguiente"
 
-#: gitk:2543
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\tBuscar el siguiente"
 
-#: gitk:2544
-msgid "/\t\tMove to next find hit, or redo find"
-msgstr "/\t\tBuscar el siguiente, o reiniciar la búsqueda"
+#: gitk:3072
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2545
+#: gitk:3073
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tBuscar el anterior"
 
-#: gitk:2546
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tDesplazar la vista de diferencias al archivo siguiente"
 
-#: gitk:2547
+#: gitk:3075
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tBuscar siguiente en la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2548
+#: gitk:3076
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tBuscar anterior en la vista de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:2549
+#: gitk:3077
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAumentar tamaño del texto"
 
-#: gitk:2550
+#: gitk:3078
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tAumentar tamaño del texto"
 
-#: gitk:2551
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDisminuir tamaño del texto"
 
-#: gitk:2552
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tDisminuir tamaño del texto"
 
-#: gitk:2553
+#: gitk:3081
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tActualizar"
 
-#: gitk:3200
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Error en la creación del parche:"
+
+#: gitk:3568
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Error al leer las diferencias de fusión:"
+
+#: gitk:3631
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "Línea de comandos"
+
+#: gitk:3780
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "No se han guardado cambios"
+
+#: gitk:3794
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3825
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3833
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Error al crear la etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:3858
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Buscando"
+
+#: gitk:3893
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Error al crear la etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:3921
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3935
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "f\t\tDesplazar la vista de diferencias al archivo siguiente"
+
+#: gitk:4053
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Definición de vistas de Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:3225
-msgid "Name"
-msgstr "Nombre"
-
-#: gitk:3228
+#: gitk:4057
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Recordar esta vista"
 
-#: gitk:3232
-msgid "Commits to include (arguments to git log):"
+#: gitk:4058
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4059
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4060
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Todos los archivos"
+
+#: gitk:4061
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4062
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4063
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4064
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4065
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: gitk:4066
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "revisión"
+
+#: gitk:4067
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4068
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4069
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4070
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4071
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4072
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4073
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Buscando"
+
+#: gitk:4074
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4075
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4076
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4077
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4078
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4079
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4080
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4081
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4082
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4083
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Limitar las diferencias a las rutas seleccionadas"
+
+#: gitk:4084
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4085
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Revisiones a incluir (argumentos a git log):"
 
-#: gitk:3239
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Introducir archivos y directorios a incluir, uno por línea:"
+
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Comando que genera más revisiones a incluir:"
 
-#: gitk:3246
-msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
-msgstr "Introducir archivos y directorios a incluir, uno por línea:"
+#: gitk:4211
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4219
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4224
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Vista"
+
+#: gitk:4299
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:3293
+#: gitk:4337
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Error en los argumentos de selección de las revisiones:"
 
-#: gitk:3347 gitk:3399 gitk:3842 gitk:3856 gitk:5060 gitk:10141 gitk:10142
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Ninguno"
 
-#: gitk:3790 gitk:5580 gitk:7287 gitk:7302
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Fecha"
-
-#: gitk:3790 gitk:5580
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Fecha de creación"
-
-#: gitk:3939 gitk:3944
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Descendiente"
 
-#: gitk:3940
+#: gitk:5004
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "No descendiente"
 
-#: gitk:3947 gitk:3952
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Antepasado"
 
-#: gitk:3948
+#: gitk:5012
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "No antepasado"
 
-#: gitk:4187
+#: gitk:5306
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Cambios locales añadidos al índice pero sin completar revisión"
 
-#: gitk:4220
+#: gitk:5342
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Cambios locales sin añadir al índice"
 
-#: gitk:5549
-msgid "Searching"
-msgstr "Buscando"
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7118
+msgid "many"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:6049
+#: gitk:7309
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Etiquetas:"
 
-#: gitk:6066 gitk:6072 gitk:7280
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Padre"
 
-#: gitk:6077
+#: gitk:7337
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Hija"
 
-#: gitk:6086
+#: gitk:7346
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Rama"
 
-#: gitk:6089
+#: gitk:7349
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Sigue-a"
 
-#: gitk:6092
+#: gitk:7352
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Precede-a"
 
-#: gitk:6378
-msgid "Error getting merge diffs:"
+#: gitk:7947
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Error al leer las diferencias de fusión:"
 
-#: gitk:7113
+#: gitk:8631
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Ir a:"
 
-#: gitk:7115
-msgid "SHA1 ID:"
-msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
-
-#: gitk:7134
+#: gitk:8652
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "La id SHA1 abreviada %s es ambigua"
 
-#: gitk:7146
+#: gitk:8659
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "La id SHA1 %s es desconocida"
+
+#: gitk:8669
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "La id SHA1 %s es desconocida"
 
-#: gitk:7148
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
-msgstr "La etiqueta/rama %s es deconocida"
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:7290
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Fecha"
+
+#: gitk:8816
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Hijas"
 
-#: gitk:7347
+#: gitk:8879
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Poner la rama %s en esta revisión"
 
-#: gitk:7349
+#: gitk:8881
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:7381
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Error en la creación del parche:"
+
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "revisión"
+
+#: gitk:9016
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9024
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9026
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9066
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Error al escribir revisión:"
+
+#: gitk:9072
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Error al escribir revisión:"
+
+#: gitk:9118
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Origen"
 
-#: gitk:7382
+#: gitk:9119
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "De"
 
-#: gitk:7387
+#: gitk:9124
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "A"
 
-#: gitk:7410
+#: gitk:9148
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Generar parche"
 
-#: gitk:7412
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "De:"
 
-#: gitk:7421
+#: gitk:9159
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Para:"
 
-#: gitk:7430
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Invertir"
 
-#: gitk:7432 gitk:7607
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Escribir a archivo:"
 
-#: gitk:7438
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Generar"
 
-#: gitk:7474
+#: gitk:9214
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Error en la creación del parche:"
 
-#: gitk:7496 gitk:7595 gitk:7649
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:7505
+#: gitk:9246
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Nombre de etiqueta:"
 
-#: gitk:7509 gitk:7659
+#: gitk:9249
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9251
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Nombre de etiqueta:"
+
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Crear"
 
-#: gitk:7524
+#: gitk:9273
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "No se ha especificado etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:7528
+#: gitk:9277
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "La etiqueta \"%s\" ya existe"
 
-#: gitk:7534
+#: gitk:9287
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Error al crear la etiqueta:"
 
-#: gitk:7604
+#: gitk:9363
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Comando:"
 
-#: gitk:7612
+#: gitk:9371
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Escribir"
 
-#: gitk:7628
+#: gitk:9389
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Error al escribir revisión:"
 
-#: gitk:7654
+#: gitk:9416
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Nombre:"
 
-#: gitk:7674
+#: gitk:9439
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Especifique un nombre para la nueva rama"
 
-#: gitk:7703
+#: gitk:9444
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "La etiqueta \"%s\" ya existe"
+
+#: gitk:9511
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr "La revisión %s ya está incluida en la rama %s -- ¿Volver a aplicarla?"
 
-#: gitk:7708
+#: gitk:9516
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Eligiendo revisiones (cherry-picking)"
 
-#: gitk:7720
+#: gitk:9525
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9531
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "No se han guardado cambios"
 
-#: gitk:7745
+#: gitk:9574
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "La revisión %s ya está incluida en la rama %s -- ¿Volver a aplicarla?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Reponiendo"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9591
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9634
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Confirmar git reset"
 
-#: gitk:7747
+#: gitk:9636
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "¿Reponer la rama %s a %s?"
 
-#: gitk:7751
+#: gitk:9638
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Tipo de reposición:"
 
-#: gitk:7755
+#: gitk:9641
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Suave: No altera la copia de trabajo ni el índice"
 
-#: gitk:7758
+#: gitk:9644
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Mixta: Actualiza el índice, no altera la copia de trabajo"
 
-#: gitk:7761
+#: gitk:9647
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -719,19 +1103,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Dura: Actualiza el índice y la copia de trabajo\n"
 "(abandona TODAS las modificaciones locales)"
 
-#: gitk:7777
+#: gitk:9664
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Reponiendo"
 
-#: gitk:7834
+#: gitk:9724
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Creando copia de trabajo"
 
-#: gitk:7885
+#: gitk:9777
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "No se puede borrar la rama actual"
 
-#: gitk:7891
+#: gitk:9783
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -740,16 +1124,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Las revisiones de la rama %s no están presentes en otras ramas.\n"
 "¿Borrar la rama %s?"
 
-#: gitk:7922
+#: gitk:9814
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Etiquetas y ramas: %s"
 
-#: gitk:7936
+#: gitk:9829
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filtro"
 
-#: gitk:8230
+#: gitk:10125
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -757,155 +1141,255 @@ msgstr ""
 "Error al leer la topología de revisiones: la información sobre las ramas y "
 "etiquetas precedentes y siguientes será incompleta."
 
-#: gitk:9216
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:9216
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:9262
+#: gitk:11189
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Selector de tipografías gitk"
 
-#: gitk:9279
+#: gitk:11206
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"
 
-#: gitk:9282
+#: gitk:11209
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "I"
 
-#: gitk:9375
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Preferencias de gitk"
-
-#: gitk:9376
+#: gitk:11327
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Opciones de visualización de la lista de revisiones"
 
-#: gitk:9379
+#: gitk:11330
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Ancho máximo del gráfico (en líneas)"
 
-#: gitk:9383
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Ancho máximo del gráfico (en % del panel)"
 
-#: gitk:9388
+#: gitk:11337
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Mostrar cambios locales"
 
-#: gitk:9393
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11340
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "Seleccionar automáticamente SHA1 hash"
 
-#: gitk:9398
+#: gitk:11344
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Opciones de visualización de diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:9400
+#: gitk:11350
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Espaciado de tabulador"
 
-#: gitk:9404
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11353
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Mostrar etiquetas cercanas"
 
-#: gitk:9409
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11359
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Limitar las diferencias a las rutas seleccionadas"
 
-#: gitk:9414
+#: gitk:11362
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:9421
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:9423
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:9428
+#: gitk:11374
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Generar parche"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11379
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11381
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11392
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Colores: pulse para seleccionar"
 
-#: gitk:9431
+#: gitk:11395
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11396
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "Tipografía para interfaz de usuario"
+
+#: gitk:11399
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Fondo"
 
-#: gitk:9435
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "Fondo"
+
+#: gitk:11403
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Primer plano"
 
-#: gitk:9439
+#: gitk:11404
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "Primer plano"
+
+#: gitk:11407
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: líneas viejas"
 
-#: gitk:9444
+#: gitk:11408
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "Diff: líneas viejas"
+
+#: gitk:11412
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: líneas nuevas"
 
-#: gitk:9449
+#: gitk:11413
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "Diff: líneas nuevas"
+
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: cabecera de fragmento"
 
-#: gitk:9455
+#: gitk:11419
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "Diff: cabecera de fragmento"
+
+#: gitk:11423
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11425
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Color de fondo de la selección"
 
-#: gitk:9459
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Tipografías: pulse para elegir"
 
-#: gitk:9461
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Tipografía principal"
 
-#: gitk:9462
+#: gitk:11441
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Tipografía para diferencias"
 
-#: gitk:9463
+#: gitk:11442
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Tipografía para interfaz de usuario"
 
-#: gitk:9488
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferencias de gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Generar"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: elegir color para %s"
 
-#: gitk:9934
-msgid ""
-"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
-" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
-msgstr ""
-"Esta versión de Tcl/Tk es demasiado antigua.\n"
-" Gitk requiere Tcl/Tk versión 8.4 o superior."
-
-#: gitk:10047
+#: gitk:12242
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "No hay un repositorio git aquí."
 
-#: gitk:10051
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "No hay directorio git \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:10098
+#: gitk:12289
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr ""
 "Argumento ambiguo: '%s' es tanto una revisión como un nombre de archivo"
 
-#: gitk:10110
+#: gitk:12301
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Argumentos incorrectos a Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:10170
+#: gitk:12405
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Línea de comandos"
+
+#~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+#~ msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "<<"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr ">>"
+
+#~ msgid "/\t\tMove to next find hit, or redo find"
+#~ msgstr "/\t\tBuscar el siguiente, o reiniciar la búsqueda"
+
+#~ msgid "Name"
+#~ msgstr "Nombre"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Fecha de creación"
+
+#~ msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
+#~ msgstr "La etiqueta/rama %s es deconocida"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+#~ " Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Esta versión de Tcl/Tk es demasiado antigua.\n"
+#~ " Gitk requiere Tcl/Tk versión 8.4 o superior."
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "No hay directorio git \"%s\"."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/fr.po b/gitk-git/po/fr.po
index 5370ddc393..747ee190f2 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/fr.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/fr.po
@@ -8,36 +8,45 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-10-05 15:16+0200\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-11-19 22:13+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Emmanuel Trillaud <etrillaud@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: git@vger.kernel.org\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "X-Poedit-Language: French\n"
 "X-Poedit-Country: FRANCE\n"
 
-#: gitk:113
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Impossible de récupérer la liste des fichiers non fusionnés :"
 
-#: gitk:269
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Erreur lors du parcours des révisions :"
 
-#: gitk:324
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Erreur à l'exécution de la commande --argscmd :"
 
-#: gitk:337
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Aucun fichier sélectionné : --merge précisé, mais tous les fichiers sont "
 "fusionnés."
 
 # FIXME : améliorer la traduction de 'file limite'
-#: gitk:340
+#: gitk:396
 #, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
@@ -46,295 +55,315 @@ msgstr ""
 "Aucun fichier sélectionné : --merge précisé mais aucun fichier non fusionné "
 "n'est dans la limite des fichiers."
 
-#: gitk:362 gitk:509
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Erreur à l'exécution de git log :"
 
-#: gitk:380 gitk:525
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Lecture en cours"
 
-#: gitk:440 gitk:4123
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Lecture des commits..."
 
-#: gitk:443 gitk:1561 gitk:4126
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Aucun commit sélectionné"
 
-#: gitk:1437
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Impossible de lire la sortie de git log :"
 
-#: gitk:1657
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Aucune information disponible sur le commit"
 
-#: gitk:1793 gitk:1817 gitk:3916 gitk:8786 gitk:10322 gitk:10498
+#: gitk:1897
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1819 gitk:3918 gitk:8383 gitk:8457 gitk:8567 gitk:8616 gitk:8788
-#: gitk:10323 gitk:10499
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Annuler"
 
-#: gitk:1919
+#: gitk:2069
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Mise à jour"
 
-#: gitk:1920
+#: gitk:2070
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Recharger"
 
-#: gitk:1921
+#: gitk:2071
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Relire les références"
 
-#: gitk:1922
+#: gitk:2072
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Lister les références"
 
-#: gitk:1924
+#: gitk:2074
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "Démarrer git gui"
 
-#: gitk:1926
+#: gitk:2076
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Quitter"
 
-#: gitk:1918
+#: gitk:2068
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Fichier"
 
-#: gitk:1930
+#: gitk:2080
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Préférences"
 
-#: gitk:1929
+#: gitk:2079
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Éditer"
 
-#: gitk:1934
+#: gitk:2084
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Nouvelle vue..."
 
-#: gitk:1935
+#: gitk:2085
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Éditer la vue..."
 
-#: gitk:1936
+#: gitk:2086
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Supprimer la vue"
 
-#: gitk:1938
+#: gitk:2088
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Tous les fichiers"
 
-#: gitk:1933 gitk:3670
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Vue"
 
-#: gitk:1943 gitk:1953 gitk:2654
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "À propos de gitk"
 
-#: gitk:1944 gitk:1958
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Raccourcis clavier"
 
-#: gitk:1942 gitk:1957
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Aide"
 
-#: gitk:2018
-msgid "SHA1 ID: "
-msgstr "ID SHA1 :"
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "Id SHA1 :"
 
-#: gitk:2049
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Colonne"
 
-#: gitk:2080
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Recherche"
 
-#: gitk:2081
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "suivant"
-
-#: gitk:2082
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "précédent"
-
-#: gitk:2083
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "commit"
 
-#: gitk:2086 gitk:2088 gitk:4284 gitk:4307 gitk:4331 gitk:6272 gitk:6344
-#: gitk:6428
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "contient :"
 
-#: gitk:2089 gitk:3162 gitk:3167 gitk:4359
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "chemins modifiés :"
 
-#: gitk:2090 gitk:4364
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "ajoute/supprime la chaîne :"
 
-#: gitk:2099 gitk:2101
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exact"
 
-#: gitk:2101 gitk:4439 gitk:6240
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "Ignorer la casse"
 
-#: gitk:2101 gitk:4333 gitk:4437 gitk:6236
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Expression régulière"
 
-#: gitk:2103 gitk:2104 gitk:4458 gitk:4488 gitk:4495 gitk:6364 gitk:6432
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Tous les champs"
 
-#: gitk:2104 gitk:4456 gitk:4488 gitk:6303
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Surligner"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4456 gitk:6303 gitk:6432 gitk:6866
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Commentaires"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4456 gitk:4460 gitk:4495 gitk:6303 gitk:6801 gitk:8063
-#: gitk:8078
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Auteur"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4456 gitk:6303 gitk:6803
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Auteur du commit"
 
-#: gitk:2134
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Rechercher"
 
-#: gitk:2141
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2143
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Ancienne version"
 
-#: gitk:2145
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Nouvelle version"
 
-#: gitk:2147
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Lignes de contexte"
 
-#: gitk:2157
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignorer les modifications d'espace"
 
-#: gitk:2215
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2217
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Arbre"
 
-#: gitk:2361 gitk:2378
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff entre ceci et la sélection"
 
-#: gitk:2362 gitk:2379
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff entre sélection et ceci"
 
-#: gitk:2363 gitk:2380
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Créer patch"
 
-#: gitk:2364 gitk:8441
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Créer tag"
 
-#: gitk:2365 gitk:8547
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Écrire le commit dans un fichier"
 
-#: gitk:2366 gitk:8604
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Créer une nouvelle branche"
 
-#: gitk:2367
+#: gitk:2622
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Cueillir (cherry-pick) ce commit"
 
-#: gitk:2368
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Réinitialiser la branche HEAD vers cet état"
 
-#: gitk:2369
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Marquer ce commit"
 
-#: gitk:2370
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Retourner à la marque"
 
-#: gitk:2371
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Chercher le descendant de ceci et le marquer"
 
-#: gitk:2372
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Comparer avec le commit marqué"
 
-#: gitk:2386
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff entre ceci et la sélection"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff entre sélection et ceci"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Marquer ce commit"
+
+#: gitk:2646
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Récupérer cette branche"
 
-#: gitk:2387
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Supprimer cette branche"
 
-#: gitk:2394
+#: gitk:2654
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Surligner également ceci"
 
-#: gitk:2395
+#: gitk:2655
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Surligner seulement ceci"
 
-#: gitk:2396
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Diff externe"
 
-#: gitk:2397
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Blâmer le commit parent"
 
-#: gitk:2404
+#: gitk:2664
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Montrer l'origine de cette ligne"
 
-#: gitk:2405
+#: gitk:2665
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Exécuter git gui blame sur cette ligne"
 
-#: gitk:2656
+#: gitk:3011
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
@@ -346,299 +375,317 @@ msgstr ""
 "Utilisation et redistribution soumises aux termes de la GNU General Public "
 "License"
 
-#: gitk:2664 gitk:2726 gitk:8969
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Fermer"
 
-#: gitk:2683
+#: gitk:3040
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Raccourcis clavier de Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2686
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Raccourcis clavier de Gitk :"
 
-#: gitk:2688
+#: gitk:3045
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tQuitter"
 
-#: gitk:2689
+#: gitk:3046
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tRechercher"
+
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Début>\t\tAller au premier commit"
 
-#: gitk:2690
+#: gitk:3048
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<Fin>\t\tAller au dernier commit"
 
-#: gitk:2691
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Haut>, p, i\t Aller au commit suivant"
 
-#: gitk:2692
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3050
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Bas>, n, k\t Aller au commit précédent"
 
-#: gitk:2693
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3051
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Gauche>, z, j\tReculer dans l'historique"
 
-#: gitk:2694
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Droite>, x, l\tAvancer dans l'historique"
 
-#: gitk:2695
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tMonter d'une page dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2696
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tDescendre d'une page dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2697
+#: gitk:3056
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Début>\tAller en haut de la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2698
+#: gitk:3057
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tAller en bas de la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2699
+#: gitk:3058
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Up>\tMonter d'une ligne dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2700
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Down>\tDescendre d'une ligne dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2701
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tMonter d'une page dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2702
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tDescendre d'une page dans la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:2703
+#: gitk:3062
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr ""
 "<Shift-Up>\tRecherche en arrière (vers l'avant, commits les plus anciens)"
 
-#: gitk:2704
+#: gitk:3063
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr ""
 "<Shift-Down>\tRecherche en avant (vers l'arrière, commit les plus récents)"
 
-#: gitk:2705
+#: gitk:3064
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Supprimer>, b\tMonter d'une page dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2706
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tMonter d'une page dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2707
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Espace>\t\tDescendre d'une page dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2708
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tMonter de 18 lignes dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2709
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tDescendre de 18 lignes dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2710
+#: gitk:3069
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tRechercher"
 
-#: gitk:2711
+#: gitk:3070
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tAller au résultat de recherche suivant"
 
-#: gitk:2712
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\t\tAller au résultat de recherche suivant"
 
-#: gitk:2713
+#: gitk:3072
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tFocus sur la zone de recherche"
 
-#: gitk:2714
+#: gitk:3073
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tAller au résultat de recherche précédent"
 
-#: gitk:2715
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tAller au prochain fichier dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2716
+#: gitk:3075
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tAller au résultat suivant dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2717
+#: gitk:3076
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tAller au résultat précédent dans la vue des diff"
 
-#: gitk:2718
+#: gitk:3077
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAugmenter la taille de la police"
 
-#: gitk:2719
+#: gitk:3078
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tAugmenter la taille de la police"
 
-#: gitk:2720
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDiminuer la taille de la police"
 
-#: gitk:2721
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tDiminuer la taille de la police"
 
-#: gitk:2722
+#: gitk:3081
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tMise à jour"
 
-#: gitk:3177
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
-msgstr "Erreur en obtenant \"%s\" de %s:"
-
-#: gitk:3234 gitk:3243
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Erreur lors de la création du répertoire temporaire %s :"
 
-#: gitk:3255
+#: gitk:3568
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Erreur en obtenant \"%s\" de %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3631
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "échec de la commande :"
 
-#: gitk:3401
+#: gitk:3780
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Commit inexistant"
 
-#: gitk:3415
+#: gitk:3794
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame : échec de la commande :"
 
-#: gitk:3446
+#: gitk:3825
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Impossible de lire le head de la fusion : %s"
 
-#: gitk:3454
+#: gitk:3833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Erreur à la lecture de l'index : %s"
 
-#: gitk:3479
+#: gitk:3858
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Impossible de démarrer git blame : %s"
 
-#: gitk:3482 gitk:6271
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Recherche en cours"
 
-#: gitk:3514
+#: gitk:3893
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Erreur à l'exécution de git blame : %s"
 
-#: gitk:3542
+#: gitk:3921
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Cette ligne est issue du commit %s, qui n'est pas dans cette vue"
 
-#: gitk:3556
+#: gitk:3935
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Échec de l'outil externe de visualisation des diff"
 
-#: gitk:3674
+#: gitk:4053
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Définition des vues de Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:3678
+#: gitk:4057
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Se souvenir de cette vue"
 
-#: gitk:3679
+#: gitk:4058
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Références (liste d'éléments séparés par des espaces) :"
 
-#: gitk:3680
+#: gitk:4059
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Branches & tags :"
 
-#: gitk:3681
+#: gitk:4060
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Toutes les références"
 
-#: gitk:3682
+#: gitk:4061
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Toutes les branches (locales)"
 
-#: gitk:3683
+#: gitk:4062
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Tous les tags"
 
-#: gitk:3684
+#: gitk:4063
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Toutes les branches de suivi à distance"
 
-#: gitk:3685
+#: gitk:4064
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Info sur les commits (expressions régulières) :"
 
-#: gitk:3686
+#: gitk:4065
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Auteur :"
 
-#: gitk:3687
+#: gitk:4066
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Commiteur :"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:4067
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Message de commit :"
 
-#: gitk:3689
+#: gitk:4068
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Correspond à tous les critères d'Info sur les commits"
 
-#: gitk:3690
+#: gitk:4069
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Correspond à tous les critères d'Info sur les commits"
+
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Changements des fichiers :"
 
-#: gitk:3691
+#: gitk:4071
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Chaîne Figée"
 
-#: gitk:3692
+#: gitk:4072
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Expression Régulière"
 
-#: gitk:3693
+#: gitk:4073
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Recherche de la chaîne :"
 
-#: gitk:3694
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -646,207 +693,204 @@ msgstr ""
 "Dates des commits (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, "
 "2009 15:27:38\") :"
 
-#: gitk:3695
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "De :"
 
-#: gitk:3696
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Jusqu'au :"
 
-#: gitk:3697
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Limiter et/ou sauter un certain nombre (entier positif) de révisions :"
 
-#: gitk:3698
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Nombre à afficher :"
 
-#: gitk:3699
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Nombre à sauter :"
 
-#: gitk:3700
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Options diverses :"
 
-#: gitk:3701
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Trier par date"
 
 # FIXME : traduction de "branch sides"
-#: gitk:3702
+#: gitk:4082
 #, fuzzy
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Marquer les extrémités des branches"
 
-#: gitk:3703
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Limiter au premier ancêtre"
 
-#: gitk:3704
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Historique simple"
 
-#: gitk:3705
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Arguments supplémentaires de git log :"
 
-#: gitk:3706
+#: gitk:4086
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Saisir les fichiers et répertoires à inclure, un par ligne :"
 
-#: gitk:3707
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Commande pour générer plus de commits à inclure :"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4211
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk : éditer la vue"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4219
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "-- critère pour la sélection des révisions"
 
-#: gitk:3842
-msgid "View Name:"
+#: gitk:4224
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Nom de la vue :"
 
-#: gitk:3917
+#: gitk:4299
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Appliquer (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:3955
+#: gitk:4337
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Erreur dans les arguments de sélection des commits :"
 
-#: gitk:4008 gitk:4060 gitk:4508 gitk:4522 gitk:5783 gitk:11196 gitk:11197
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Aucun"
 
-#: gitk:4456 gitk:6303 gitk:8065 gitk:8080
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Date"
-
-#: gitk:4456 gitk:6303
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "CDate"
-
-#: gitk:4605 gitk:4610
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Descendant"
 
-#: gitk:4606
+#: gitk:5004
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Pas un descendant"
 
-#: gitk:4613 gitk:4618
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Ancêtre"
 
-#: gitk:4614
+#: gitk:5012
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Pas un ancêtre"
 
-#: gitk:4904
+#: gitk:5306
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Modifications locales enregistrées dans l'index mais non commitées"
 
-#: gitk:4940
+#: gitk:5342
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Modifications locales non enregistrées dans l'index et non commitées"
 
-#: gitk:6621
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7118
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "nombreux"
 
-#: gitk:6805
+#: gitk:7309
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Tags :"
 
-#: gitk:6822 gitk:6828 gitk:8058
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Parent"
 
-#: gitk:6833
+#: gitk:7337
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Enfant"
 
-#: gitk:6842
+#: gitk:7346
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Branche"
 
-#: gitk:6845
+#: gitk:7349
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Suit"
 
-#: gitk:6848
+#: gitk:7352
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Précède"
 
-#: gitk:7346
+#: gitk:7947
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Erreur lors de la récupération des diff : %s"
 
-#: gitk:7886
+#: gitk:8631
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Aller à :"
 
-#: gitk:7888
-msgid "SHA1 ID:"
-msgstr "Id SHA1 :"
-
-#: gitk:7907
+#: gitk:8652
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Id SHA1 court %s est ambigu"
 
-#: gitk:7914
+#: gitk:8659
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Id SHA1 %s est inconnu"
 
-#: gitk:7924
+#: gitk:8669
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "Id SHA1 %s est inconnu"
 
-#: gitk:7926
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "La révision %s n'est pas dans la vue courante"
 
-#: gitk:8068
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Date"
+
+#: gitk:8816
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Enfants"
 
-#: gitk:8125
+#: gitk:8879
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Réinitialiser la branche %s vers cet état"
 
-#: gitk:8127
+#: gitk:8881
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Head détaché : impossible de réinitialiser"
 
-#: gitk:8236 gitk:8242
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Éviter le commit de la fusion "
 
-#: gitk:8251 gitk:8256
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Erreur à l'obtention de l'ID du patch pour "
 
-#: gitk:8252 gitk:8257
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - arrêt en cours\n"
 
-#: gitk:8262 gitk:8265 gitk:8273 gitk:8283 gitk:8292
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Commit "
 
-#: gitk:8266
+#: gitk:9016
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -854,7 +898,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "est le même patch que \n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8274
+#: gitk:9024
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -862,117 +906,138 @@ msgstr ""
 " diffère de\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8276
-msgid "- stopping\n"
-msgstr "- arrêt en cours\n"
+#: gitk:9026
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:8284 gitk:8293
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr "a %s enfants - arrêt en cours\n"
 
-#: gitk:8324
+#: gitk:9066
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'ecriture du commit :"
+
+#: gitk:9072
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'ecriture du commit :"
+
+#: gitk:9118
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Haut"
 
-#: gitk:8325
+#: gitk:9119
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "De"
 
-#: gitk:8330
+#: gitk:9124
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "À"
 
-#: gitk:8354
+#: gitk:9148
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Générer le patch"
 
-#: gitk:8356
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "De :"
 
-#: gitk:8365
+#: gitk:9159
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "À :"
 
-#: gitk:8374
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Inverser"
 
-#: gitk:8376 gitk:8561
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Fichier de sortie :"
 
-#: gitk:8382
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Générer"
 
-#: gitk:8420
+#: gitk:9214
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Erreur à la création du patch :"
 
-#: gitk:8443 gitk:8549 gitk:8606
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID :"
 
-#: gitk:8452
+#: gitk:9246
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Nom du Tag :"
 
-#: gitk:8456 gitk:8615
+#: gitk:9249
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9251
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Nom du Tag :"
+
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Créer"
 
-#: gitk:8473
+#: gitk:9273
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Aucun nom de tag spécifié"
 
-#: gitk:8477
+#: gitk:9277
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Le tag \"%s\" existe déjà"
 
-#: gitk:8483
+#: gitk:9287
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Erreur à la création du tag :"
 
-#: gitk:8558
+#: gitk:9363
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Commande :"
 
-#: gitk:8566
+#: gitk:9371
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Écrire"
 
-#: gitk:8584
+#: gitk:9389
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Erreur à l'ecriture du commit :"
 
-#: gitk:8611
+#: gitk:9416
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Nom :"
 
-#: gitk:8634
+#: gitk:9439
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Veuillez spécifier un nom pour la nouvelle branche"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:9444
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "La branche '%s' existe déjà. Écraser?"
 
-#: gitk:8705
+#: gitk:9511
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "Le Commit %s est déjà inclus dans la branche %s -- le ré-appliquer malgré "
 "tout?"
 
-#: gitk:8710
+#: gitk:9516
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Cueillir (Cherry-picking)"
 
-#: gitk:8719
+#: gitk:9525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -983,7 +1048,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Veuillez commiter, réinitialiser ou stasher vos changements et essayer de "
 "nouveau."
 
-#: gitk:8725
+#: gitk:9531
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -992,34 +1057,67 @@ msgstr ""
 "fusion.\n"
 "Souhaitez-vous exécuter git citool pour le résoudre ?"
 
-#: gitk:8741
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Aucun changement commité"
 
-#: gitk:8767
+#: gitk:9574
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Le Commit %s est déjà inclus dans la branche %s -- le ré-appliquer malgré "
+"tout?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Réinitialisation"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"La cueillette (cherry-pick) a échouée à cause de modifications locales du "
+"fichier '%s'.\n"
+"Veuillez commiter, réinitialiser ou stasher vos changements et essayer de "
+"nouveau."
+
+#: gitk:9591
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"La cueillette (cherry-pick) a échouée à cause d'un conflit lors d'une "
+"fusion.\n"
+"Souhaitez-vous exécuter git citool pour le résoudre ?"
+
+#: gitk:9634
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Confirmer la réinitialisation"
 
-#: gitk:8769
+#: gitk:9636
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Réinitialiser la branche %s à %s?"
 
-#: gitk:8773
+#: gitk:9638
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Type de réinitialisation :"
 
-#: gitk:8777
+#: gitk:9641
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Douce : Laisse le répertoire de travail et l'index intacts"
 
-#: gitk:8780
+#: gitk:9644
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr ""
 "Hybride : Laisse le répertoire de travail dans son état courant, "
 "réinitialise l'index"
 
-#: gitk:8783
+#: gitk:9647
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1027,21 +1125,21 @@ msgstr ""
 "Dure : Réinitialise le répertoire de travail et l'index\n"
 "(abandonne TOUS les changements locaux)"
 
-#: gitk:8800
+#: gitk:9664
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Réinitialisation"
 
 # Fixme: Récupération est-il vraiment une mauvaise traduction?
-#: gitk:8857
+#: gitk:9724
 #, fuzzy
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Récupération"
 
-#: gitk:8910
+#: gitk:9777
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche en cours"
 
-#: gitk:8916
+#: gitk:9783
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1050,16 +1148,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Les commits de la branche %s ne sont dans aucune autre branche.\n"
 "Voulez-vous vraiment supprimer cette branche %s ?"
 
-#: gitk:8947
+#: gitk:9814
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Tags et heads : %s"
 
-#: gitk:8962
+#: gitk:9829
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filtrer"
 
-#: gitk:9257
+#: gitk:10125
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1068,187 +1166,244 @@ msgstr ""
 "informations sur les branches et les tags précédents/suivants seront "
 "incomplètes."
 
-#: gitk:10243
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Tag"
 
-#: gitk:10243
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10291
+#: gitk:11189
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Sélecteur de police de Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10308
+#: gitk:11206
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"
 
-#: gitk:10311
+#: gitk:11209
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "I"
 
-#: gitk:10407
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Préférences de Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10409
+#: gitk:11327
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Options d'affichage de la liste des commits"
 
-#: gitk:10412
+#: gitk:11330
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Longueur maximum du graphe (lignes)"
 
 # FIXME : Traduction standard de "pane"?
-#: gitk:10416
-#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11334
+#, fuzzy, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Longueur maximum du graphe (% du panneau)"
 
-#: gitk:10420
+#: gitk:11337
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Montrer les changements locaux"
 
-#: gitk:10423
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11340
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "Sélection auto. du SHA1"
 
-#: gitk:10427
+#: gitk:11344
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Cacher les refs distantes"
+
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Options d'affichage des diff"
 
-#: gitk:10429
+#: gitk:11350
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Taille des tabulations"
 
-#: gitk:10432
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11353
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Afficher les tags les plus proches"
 
-#: gitk:10435
-msgid "Hide remote refs"
-msgstr "Cacher les refs distantes"
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:10438
+#: gitk:11359
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Limiter les différences aux chemins listés"
 
-#: gitk:10441
+#: gitk:11362
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Support pour un encodage des caractères par fichier"
 
-#: gitk:10447 gitk:10512
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Outil diff externe"
 
-#: gitk:10449
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Choisir..."
 
-#: gitk:10454
+#: gitk:11374
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Générer le patch"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11379
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11381
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11392
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Couleurs : cliquer pour choisir"
 
-#: gitk:10457
+#: gitk:11395
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11396
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "Police de l'interface utilisateur"
+
+#: gitk:11399
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Arrière-plan"
 
-#: gitk:10458 gitk:10488
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "arrière-plan"
 
-#: gitk:10461
+#: gitk:11403
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Premier plan"
 
-#: gitk:10462
+#: gitk:11404
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "premier plan"
 
-#: gitk:10465
+#: gitk:11407
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff : anciennes lignes"
 
-#: gitk:10466
+#: gitk:11408
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff anciennes lignes"
 
-#: gitk:10470
+#: gitk:11412
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff : nouvelles lignes"
 
-#: gitk:10471
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff nouvelles lignes"
 
-#: gitk:10475
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff : entête du hunk"
 
-#: gitk:10477
+#: gitk:11419
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff : entête du hunk"
 
-#: gitk:10481
+#: gitk:11423
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Arrière-plan de la ligne marquée"
 
-#: gitk:10483
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "Arrière-plan de la ligne marquée"
 
-#: gitk:10487
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Sélectionner l'arrière-plan"
 
-#: gitk:10491
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Polices : cliquer pour choisir"
 
-#: gitk:10493
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Police principale"
 
-#: gitk:10494
+#: gitk:11441
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Police d'affichage des diff"
 
-#: gitk:10495
+#: gitk:11442
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Police de l'interface utilisateur"
 
-#: gitk:10522
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Préférences de Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Générer"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk : choisir la couleur de %s"
 
-#: gitk:10973
-msgid ""
-"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
-" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
-msgstr ""
-"Désolé, gitk ne peut être exécuté avec cette version de Tcl/Tk.\n"
-" Gitk requiert Tcl/Tk version 8.4 ou supérieur."
-
-#: gitk:11101
+#: gitk:12242
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Impossible de trouver un dépôt git ici."
 
-#: gitk:11105
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Impossible de trouver le répertoire git \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:11152
+#: gitk:12289
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Argument '%s' ambigu : à la fois une révision et un nom de fichier"
 
-#: gitk:11164
+#: gitk:12301
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Arguments invalides pour gitk :"
 
-#: gitk:11249
+#: gitk:12405
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Ligne de commande"
+
+#~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+#~ msgstr "ID SHA1 :"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "suivant"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "précédent"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "CDate"
+
+#~ msgid "- stopping\n"
+#~ msgstr "- arrêt en cours\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+#~ " Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Désolé, gitk ne peut être exécuté avec cette version de Tcl/Tk.\n"
+#~ " Gitk requiert Tcl/Tk version 8.4 ou supérieur."
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Impossible de trouver le répertoire git \"%s\"."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/hu.po b/gitk-git/po/hu.po
index 7262b610dc..5e3e9468c0 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/hu.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/hu.po
@@ -8,32 +8,41 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: git-gui\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-14 13:33+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-12-14 14:04+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Laszlo Papp <djszapi@archlinux.us>\n"
 "Language-Team: Hungarian\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Nem sikerült letölteni az unmerged fájl listát:"
 
-#: gitk:271
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt értelmezés közben:"
 
-#: gitk:326
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a végrehajtáskor --argscmd parancs:"
 
-#: gitk:339
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Nincsen fájl kiválasztva: --merge megadve, de egyetlen fájl sem unmerged."
 
-#: gitk:342
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -41,299 +50,315 @@ msgstr ""
 "Nincsen fájl kiválasztva: --merge megadva, de nincsenek unmerged fájlok a "
 "fájlon belül limit."
 
-#: gitk:364 gitk:511
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a git log végrehajtása közben:"
 
-#: gitk:382 gitk:527
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Olvasás"
 
-#: gitk:442 gitk:4258
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Commitok olvasása ..."
 
-#: gitk:445 gitk:1575 gitk:4261
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Nincsen commit kiválasztva"
 
-#: gitk:1451
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Nem lehet értelmezni a git log kimenetét:"
 
-#: gitk:1671
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Nincsen elérhető commit információ"
 
-#: gitk:1813
+#: gitk:1897
 msgid "mc"
 msgstr "mc"
 
-#: gitk:1848 gitk:4051 gitk:9029 gitk:10570 gitk:10789
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1850 gitk:4053 gitk:8629 gitk:8703 gitk:8813 gitk:8862 gitk:9031
-#: gitk:10571 gitk:10790
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Visszavonás"
 
-#: gitk:1972
+#: gitk:2069
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Frissités"
 
-#: gitk:1973
+#: gitk:2070
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Újratöltés"
 
-#: gitk:1974
+#: gitk:2071
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Referenciák újraolvasása"
 
-#: gitk:1975
+#: gitk:2072
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Referenciák listázása"
 
-#: gitk:1977
+#: gitk:2074
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "Git gui indítása"
 
-#: gitk:1979
+#: gitk:2076
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Kilépés"
 
-#: gitk:1971
+#: gitk:2068
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Fájl"
 
-#: gitk:1983
+#: gitk:2080
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Beállítások"
 
-#: gitk:1982
+#: gitk:2079
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Szerkesztés"
 
-#: gitk:1987
+#: gitk:2084
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Új nézet ..."
 
-#: gitk:1988
+#: gitk:2085
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Nézet szerkesztése ..."
 
-#: gitk:1989
+#: gitk:2086
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Nézet törlése"
 
-#: gitk:1991
+#: gitk:2088
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Minden fájl"
 
-#: gitk:1986 gitk:3805
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Nézet"
 
-#: gitk:1996 gitk:2006 gitk:2777
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "Gitk névjegy"
 
-#: gitk:1997 gitk:2011
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Billentyűkombináció"
 
-#: gitk:1995 gitk:2010
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Segítség"
 
-#: gitk:2088
-msgid "SHA1 ID: "
-msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2119
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Sor"
 
-#: gitk:2157
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Keresés"
 
-#: gitk:2158
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "következő"
-
-#: gitk:2159
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "előző"
-
-#: gitk:2160
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "commit"
 
-#: gitk:2163 gitk:2165 gitk:4419 gitk:4442 gitk:4466 gitk:6407 gitk:6479
-#: gitk:6563
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "tartalmazás:"
 
-#: gitk:2166 gitk:3287 gitk:3292 gitk:4494
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "érintendő útvonalak:"
 
-#: gitk:2167 gitk:4499
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "string hozzáadása/törlése:"
 
-#: gitk:2176 gitk:2178
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Pontos"
 
-#: gitk:2178 gitk:4574 gitk:6375
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "Kis/nagy betű nem számít"
 
-#: gitk:2178 gitk:4468 gitk:4572 gitk:6371
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Regexp"
 
-#: gitk:2180 gitk:2181 gitk:4593 gitk:4623 gitk:4630 gitk:6499 gitk:6567
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Minden mező"
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4591 gitk:4623 gitk:6438
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Főcím"
 
-#: gitk:2182 gitk:4591 gitk:6438 gitk:6567 gitk:7000
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Megjegyzések"
 
-#: gitk:2182 gitk:4591 gitk:4595 gitk:4630 gitk:6438 gitk:6935 gitk:8280
-#: gitk:8295
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Szerző"
 
-#: gitk:2182 gitk:4591 gitk:6438 gitk:6937
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Commitoló"
 
-#: gitk:2213
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Keresés"
 
-#: gitk:2221
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2223
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Régi verzió"
 
-#: gitk:2225
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Új verzió"
 
-#: gitk:2227
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Tartalmi sorok"
 
-#: gitk:2237
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Space váltás mellőzése"
 
-#: gitk:2296
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2298
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Tree"
 
-#: gitk:2453 gitk:2470
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff ezeket -> kiválasztott"
 
-#: gitk:2454 gitk:2471
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff kiválasztottakat -> ezt"
 
-#: gitk:2455 gitk:2472
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Patch készítése"
 
-#: gitk:2456 gitk:8687
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Tag készítése"
 
-#: gitk:2457 gitk:8793
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Commit fáljba írása"
 
-#: gitk:2458 gitk:8850
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Új branch készítése"
 
-#: gitk:2459
+#: gitk:2622
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Cherry-pick erre a commitra"
 
-#: gitk:2460
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "HEAD branch újraindítása ide"
 
-#: gitk:2461
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Ezen commit megjelölése"
 
-#: gitk:2462
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Visszatérés a megjelöléshez"
 
-#: gitk:2463
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Találd meg ezen utódokat és jelöld meg"
 
-#: gitk:2464
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Összehasonlítás a megjelölt commit-tal"
 
-#: gitk:2478
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff ezeket -> kiválasztott"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff kiválasztottakat -> ezt"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Ezen commit megjelölése"
+
+#: gitk:2646
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Check out ezt a branchot"
 
-#: gitk:2479
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Töröld ezt a branch-ot"
 
-#: gitk:2486
+#: gitk:2654
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Emeld ki ezt is"
 
-#: gitk:2487
+#: gitk:2655
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Csak ezt emeld ki"
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Külső diff"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Blame szülő kommitra"
 
-#: gitk:2496
+#: gitk:2664
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Mutasd meg ennek a sornak az eredetét"
 
-#: gitk:2497
+#: gitk:2665
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Futtasd a git gui blame-t ezen a soron"
 
-#: gitk:2779
+#: gitk:3011
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
@@ -344,298 +369,316 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Használd és terjeszd a GNU General Public License feltételei mellett"
 
-#: gitk:2787 gitk:2851 gitk:9215
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Bezárás"
 
-#: gitk:2808
+#: gitk:3040
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Gitk-billentyű hozzárendelés"
 
-#: gitk:2811
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Gitk-billentyű hozzaárendelés:"
 
-#: gitk:2813
+#: gitk:3045
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tKilépés"
 
-#: gitk:2814
+#: gitk:3046
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tKeresés"
+
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Pos1>\t\tElső commithoz"
 
-#: gitk:2815
+#: gitk:3048
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<Ende>\t\tUtolsó commithoz"
 
-#: gitk:2816
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Hoch>, p, i\tEgy committal feljebb"
 
-#: gitk:2817
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3050
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Runter>, n, k\tEgy committal lejjebb"
 
-#: gitk:2818
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3051
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Links>, z, j\tVissza a history listába"
 
-#: gitk:2819
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Rechts>, x, l\tElőre a history listába"
 
-#: gitk:2820
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<BildHoch>\tEgy lappal feljebb a commit listába"
 
-#: gitk:2821
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<BildRunter>\tEgy lappal lejjebb a commit listába"
 
-#: gitk:2822
+#: gitk:3056
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Pos1>\tGörgetés a commit lista tetejéhez"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:3057
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Ende>\tGörgetés a commit lista aljához"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:3058
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Hoch>\tEgy sorral feljebb görgetés a commit listában"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Runter>\tEgy sorral lejjebb görgetés a commit listában"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-BildHoch>\tEgy lappal feljebb görgetés a commit listában"
 
-#: gitk:2827
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-BildRunter>\tEgy sorral lejjebb görgetés a commit listában"
 
-#: gitk:2828
+#: gitk:3062
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Umschalt-Hoch>\tKeresés visszafele (felfele, utolsó commitok)"
 
-#: gitk:2829
+#: gitk:3063
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Umschalt-Runter>\tKeresés előre (lefelé; korábbi commitok)"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:3064
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Entf>, b\t\tEgy lappal feljebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Löschtaste>\tEgy lappal feljebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Leertaste>\tEgy lappal lejjebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\t18 sorral felfelé görgetés diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\t18 sorral lejjebb görgetés a diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:3069
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tKeresés"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:3070
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tKövetkező találathoz"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Eingabetaste>\tKövetkező találathoz"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:3072
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tLépj a keresési mezőre"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:3073
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tElőző találathoz"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tKövetkező fájlra görgetés diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:3075
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tKövetkező találatra keresés diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:3076
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tElőző találatra keresés diff nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:3077
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Nummerblock-Plus>\tBetűméret növelése"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:3078
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Plus>\tBetűméret növelése"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Nummernblock-Minus> Betűméret csökkentése"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Minus>\tBetűméret csökkentése"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:3081
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tFrissítés"
 
-#: gitk:3302 gitk:3311
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt az ideiglenes könyvtár létrehozása közben %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3324
+#: gitk:3568
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt \"%s\" letöltése közben %s-ről:"
 
-#: gitk:3387
+#: gitk:3631
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "parancs hiba:"
 
-#: gitk:3536
+#: gitk:3780
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Nincs ilyen commit"
 
-#: gitk:3550
+#: gitk:3794
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: parancs hiba:"
 
-#: gitk:3581
+#: gitk:3825
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Nem sikerült a Merge head olvasása: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3589
+#: gitk:3833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Hiba történt az index olvasása közben: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3614
+#: gitk:3858
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Nem sikerült a git blame indítása: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3617 gitk:6406
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Keresés"
 
-#: gitk:3649
+#: gitk:3893
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a git blame futtatása közben: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3677
+#: gitk:3921
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr ""
 "A %s commitból származik az a sor, amelyik nem található ebben a nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:3691
+#: gitk:3935
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Külső diff nézegető hiba:"
 
-#: gitk:3809
+#: gitk:4053
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Gitk nézet meghatározása"
 
-#: gitk:3813
+#: gitk:4057
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Maradj ennél a nézetnél"
 
-#: gitk:3814
+#: gitk:4058
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Referenciák (szóközzel tagolt lista"
 
-#: gitk:3815
+#: gitk:4059
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Branch-ek & tagek:"
 
-#: gitk:3816
+#: gitk:4060
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Minden ref"
 
-#: gitk:3817
+#: gitk:4061
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Minden (helyi) branch"
 
-#: gitk:3818
+#: gitk:4062
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Minden tag"
 
-#: gitk:3819
+#: gitk:4063
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Minden távoli követő branch"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:4064
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Commit Infó (reguláris kifejezés):"
 
-#: gitk:3821
+#: gitk:4065
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Szerző:"
 
-#: gitk:3822
+#: gitk:4066
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Commitoló:"
 
-#: gitk:3823
+#: gitk:4067
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Commit üzenet:"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:4068
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Egyezik minen Commit Infó feltétellel"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:4069
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Egyezik minen Commit Infó feltétellel"
+
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Fájl változások:"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:4071
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Fix String"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:4072
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Reguláris kifejezés"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:4073
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Keresés szöveg:"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -643,206 +686,203 @@ msgstr ""
 "Commit Dátumok (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Ettől:"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Eddig:"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Limitálva és/vagy kihagyva egy adott számú revíziót (pozitív egész):"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Mutatandó szám:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Kihagyandó szám:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Különféle opciók:"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Szigorú rendezás dátum alapján"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Jelölje meg az ágakat"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Korlátozás az első szülőre"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Egyszerű history"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "További argumentok a git log-hoz:"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:4086
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Fájlok és könyvtárak bejegyzése amiket tartalmaz, soronként:"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Parancs több tartalmazó commit generálására:"
 
-#: gitk:3964
+#: gitk:4211
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: szerkesztés nézet"
 
-#: gitk:3972
+#: gitk:4219
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "-- kritériumok a revíziók kiválasztásához"
 
-#: gitk:3977
+#: gitk:4224
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Nézet neve"
 
-#: gitk:4052
+#: gitk:4299
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Alkalmaz (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4090
+#: gitk:4337
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a commit argumentumok kiválasztása közben:"
 
-#: gitk:4143 gitk:4195 gitk:4643 gitk:4657 gitk:5918 gitk:11519 gitk:11520
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Keine"
 
-#: gitk:4591 gitk:6438 gitk:8282 gitk:8297
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Dátum"
-
-#: gitk:4591 gitk:6438
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Dátum"
-
-#: gitk:4740 gitk:4745
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Leszármazott"
 
-#: gitk:4741
+#: gitk:5004
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Nem leszármazott"
 
-#: gitk:4748 gitk:4753
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Előd"
 
-#: gitk:4749
+#: gitk:5012
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Nem előd"
 
-#: gitk:5039
+#: gitk:5306
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr ""
 "Lokális változtatások, melyek be vannak téve az indexbe, de még nincsenek "
 "commitolva"
 
-#: gitk:5075
+#: gitk:5342
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Lokális nem commitolt változások, nincsenek betéve az indexbe"
 
-#: gitk:6756
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7118
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "sok"
 
-#: gitk:6939
+#: gitk:7309
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Tagek:"
 
-#: gitk:6956 gitk:6962 gitk:8275
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Eltern"
 
-#: gitk:6967
+#: gitk:7337
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Gyerek"
 
-#: gitk:6976
+#: gitk:7346
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Ág"
 
-#: gitk:6979
+#: gitk:7349
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Következők"
 
-#: gitk:6982
+#: gitk:7352
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Megelőzők"
 
-#: gitk:7519
+#: gitk:7947
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a diff-ek letöltése közben: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8103
+#: gitk:8631
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Menj:"
 
-#: gitk:8105
-msgid "SHA1 ID:"
-msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
-
-#: gitk:8124
+#: gitk:8652
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Rövid SHA1 id %s félreérthető"
 
-#: gitk:8131
+#: gitk:8659
+#, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "A(z) %s revízió nem ismert"
 
-#: gitk:8141
+#: gitk:8669
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA1 id %s nem ismert"
 
-#: gitk:8143
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "A(z) %s revízió nincs a jelenlegi nézetben"
 
-#: gitk:8285
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Dátum"
+
+#: gitk:8816
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Gyerekek"
 
-#: gitk:8343
+#: gitk:8879
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Állítsd vissza a %s branch-ot ide"
 
-#: gitk:8345
+#: gitk:8881
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Elkülönített head: nem lehet visszaállítani"
 
-#: gitk:8454 gitk:8460
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Merge commit kihagyása "
 
-#: gitk:8469 gitk:8474
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Hiba történt a patch ID megszerzése közben a következőnél "
 
-#: gitk:8470 gitk:8475
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - abbahagyás\n"
 
-#: gitk:8480 gitk:8483 gitk:8491 gitk:8505 gitk:8514
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Commit "
 
-#: gitk:8484
+#: gitk:9016
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -850,7 +890,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " Ugyanaz a patch mint\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8492
+#: gitk:9024
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -858,7 +898,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " különbözik innentől\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8494
+#: gitk:9026
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -866,121 +906,132 @@ msgstr ""
 "A commitok diffje:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8506 gitk:8515
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " %s gyereke van. abbahagyás\n"
 
-#: gitk:8534
+#: gitk:9066
+#, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a commit fájlba írása közben: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8540
+#: gitk:9072
+#, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a commitok diffelése közben: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8570
+#: gitk:9118
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Teteje"
 
-#: gitk:8571
+#: gitk:9119
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Innen"
 
-#: gitk:8576
+#: gitk:9124
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "Ide"
 
-#: gitk:8600
+#: gitk:9148
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Patch generálása"
 
-#: gitk:8602
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Innen:"
 
-#: gitk:8611
+#: gitk:9159
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Ide:"
 
-#: gitk:8620
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Visszafele"
 
-#: gitk:8622 gitk:8807
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Kimeneti fájl:"
 
-#: gitk:8628
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Generálás"
 
-#: gitk:8666
+#: gitk:9214
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Hiba törtét a patch készítése közben:"
 
-#: gitk:8689 gitk:8795 gitk:8852
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8698
+#: gitk:9246
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Tag név:"
 
-#: gitk:8702 gitk:8861
+#: gitk:9249
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9251
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Tag név:"
+
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Létrehozás"
 
-#: gitk:8719
+#: gitk:9273
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "A tag neve nincsen megadva"
 
-#: gitk:8723
+#: gitk:9277
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "%s Tag már létezik"
 
-#: gitk:8729
+#: gitk:9287
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a tag létrehozása közben:"
 
-#: gitk:8804
+#: gitk:9363
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Parancs:"
 
-#: gitk:8812
+#: gitk:9371
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Írás"
 
-#: gitk:8830
+#: gitk:9389
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Hiba történt a commit írása közben:"
 
-#: gitk:8857
+#: gitk:9416
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Név:"
 
-#: gitk:8880
+#: gitk:9439
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Kérem adja meg a nevét az új branchhoz"
 
-#: gitk:8885
+#: gitk:9444
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "%s branch már létezik. Felülírja?"
 
-#: gitk:8951
+#: gitk:9511
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "%s commit már benne van a %s branchban -- biztos hogy újra csinálja ?"
 "eintragen?"
 
-#: gitk:8956
+#: gitk:9516
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Cherry-picking"
 
-#: gitk:8965
+#: gitk:9525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -990,7 +1041,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Kérem commitolja, indítsa újra vagy rejtse el a változtatásait és próbálja "
 "újra."
 
-#: gitk:8971
+#: gitk:9531
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -998,32 +1049,63 @@ msgstr ""
 "Cherry-pick hiba történt merge konfliktus miatt.\n"
 "Kívánja futtatni a git citool-t a probléma megoldásához?"
 
-#: gitk:8987
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Nincsen változás commitolva"
 
-#: gitk:9013
+#: gitk:9574
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr ""
+"%s commit már benne van a %s branchban -- biztos hogy újra csinálja ?"
+"eintragen?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Újraindítás"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick hiba történt lokális váltotások miatt a '%s' fájlban.\n"
+"Kérem commitolja, indítsa újra vagy rejtse el a változtatásait és próbálja "
+"újra."
+
+#: gitk:9591
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick hiba történt merge konfliktus miatt.\n"
+"Kívánja futtatni a git citool-t a probléma megoldásához?"
+
+#: gitk:9634
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Újraindítás megerősítése"
 
-#: gitk:9015
+#: gitk:9636
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Újraindítja a %s branchot %s-ig?"
 
-#: gitk:9017
+#: gitk:9638
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Újraindítás típusa:"
 
-#: gitk:9020
+#: gitk:9641
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Soft: Hagyd a working tree-t és az indexet érintetlenül"
 
-#: gitk:9023
+#: gitk:9644
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Kevert: Hagyd a working tree-t érintetlenül, töröld az indexet"
 
-#: gitk:9026
+#: gitk:9647
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1031,19 +1113,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hard: Indítsd újra a working tree-t és az indexet\n"
 "(MINDEN lokális változás eldobása)"
 
-#: gitk:9043
+#: gitk:9664
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Újraindítás"
 
-#: gitk:9103
+#: gitk:9724
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Kivesz"
 
-#: gitk:9156
+#: gitk:9777
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Nem lehet a jelenleg kivett branch-ot törölni"
 
-#: gitk:9162
+#: gitk:9783
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1052,16 +1134,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "A %s branchon található commit nem található meg semelyik másik branchon.\n"
 "Tényleg törli a %s branchot?"
 
-#: gitk:9193
+#: gitk:9814
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Tagek és headek: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9208
+#: gitk:9829
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Szűrő"
 
-#: gitk:9503
+#: gitk:10125
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1069,206 +1151,235 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hiba történt a commit topológiai információ olvasása közben; branch ésa "
 "megelőző/következő információ nem lesz teljes."
 
-#: gitk:10489
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Tag"
 
-#: gitk:10489
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10539
+#: gitk:11189
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Gitk-betű kiválasztó"
 
-#: gitk:10556
+#: gitk:11206
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "F"
 
-#: gitk:10559
+#: gitk:11209
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "K"
 
-#: gitk:10677
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Gitk beállítások"
-
-#: gitk:10679
+#: gitk:11327
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Commit lista kijelzési opciók"
 
-#: gitk:10682
+#: gitk:11330
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Maximális grafikon szélesség (sorok)"
 
-#: gitk:10685
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Maximális grafikon szélesség (táble %-je)"
 
-#: gitk:10688
+#: gitk:11337
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Mutasd a lokális változtatásokat"
 
-#: gitk:10691
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11340
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "SHA1 Automatikus kiválasztása"
 
-#: gitk:10694
+#: gitk:11344
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "A távoli refek elrejtése"
 
-#: gitk:10698
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Diff kijelző opciók"
 
-#: gitk:10700
+#: gitk:11350
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Tab sorköz"
 
-#: gitk:10703
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11353
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Szomszédos tagek kijelzése"
 
-#: gitk:10706
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11359
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Korlátozott diffek a kilistázott útvonalakhoz"
 
-#: gitk:10709
+#: gitk:11362
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Fájlonkénti kódolás támgatása"
 
-#: gitk:10715 gitk:10804
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Külső diff alkalmazás"
 
-#: gitk:10716
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Válaszd ..."
 
-#: gitk:10721
+#: gitk:11374
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Általános opciók"
 
-#: gitk:10724
+#: gitk:11377
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Témázott vezérlők használata"
 
-#: gitk:10726
+#: gitk:11379
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(a változás újraindítást igényel)"
 
-#: gitk:10728
+#: gitk:11381
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(jelenleg nem elérhető)"
 
-#: gitk:10732
+#: gitk:11392
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Színek: nyomja meg a kiválasztáshoz"
 
-#: gitk:10735
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Interfész"
 
-#: gitk:10736
+#: gitk:11396
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "interfész"
 
-#: gitk:10739
+#: gitk:11399
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Háttér"
 
-#: gitk:10740 gitk:10770
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "háttér"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11403
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Előtér"
 
-#: gitk:10744
+#: gitk:11404
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "előtér"
 
-#: gitk:10747
+#: gitk:11407
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: régi sorok"
 
-#: gitk:10748
+#: gitk:11408
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff régi sorok"
 
-#: gitk:10752
+#: gitk:11412
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: új sorok"
 
-#: gitk:10753
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff - új sorok"
 
-#: gitk:10757
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: nagy headerök"
 
-#: gitk:10759
+#: gitk:11419
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff - nagy headerök"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11423
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Megjelölt sor háttér"
 
-#: gitk:10765
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "megjelölt sor háttér"
 
-#: gitk:10769
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Válasszon hátteret"
 
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Betű: nyomja meg a kiválasztáshoz"
 
-#: gitk:10775
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Fő betű"
 
-#: gitk:10776
+#: gitk:11441
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Diff kijelző betű"
 
-#: gitk:10777
+#: gitk:11442
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Felhasználói interfész betű"
 
-#: gitk:10814
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Gitk beállítások"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Generálás"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: válasszon színt a %s-ra"
 
-#: gitk:11418
+#: gitk:12242
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Nem találhatü git repository itt."
 
-#: gitk:11422
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Nem található a \"%s\" könyvtár."
-
-#: gitk:11469
+#: gitk:12289
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Félreérthető argumentum '%s': revízió és fájlnév is"
 
-#: gitk:11481
+#: gitk:12301
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Rossz gitk argumentumok:"
 
-#: gitk:11572
+#: gitk:12405
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Parancs sor"
 
+#~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+#~ msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "következő"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "előző"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Dátum"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Nem található a \"%s\" könyvtár."
+
 #~ msgid "Use all refs"
 #~ msgstr "Használd az összes referenciát"
 
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/it.po b/gitk-git/po/it.po
index a730d63a42..d630bb086d 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/it.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/it.po
@@ -8,33 +8,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-28 18:40+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-28 18:41+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Michele Ballabio <barra_cuda@katamail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Italian\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Impossibile ottenere l'elenco dei file in attesa di fusione:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Errore nella lettura delle revisioni:"
 
-#: gitk:329
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Errore nell'esecuzione del comando specificato con --argscmd:"
 
-#: gitk:342
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Nessun file selezionato: è stata specificata l'opzione --merge ma non ci "
 "sono file in attesa di fusione."
 
-#: gitk:345
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -42,299 +51,315 @@ msgstr ""
 "Nessun file selezionato: è stata specificata l'opzione --merge ma i file "
 "specificati non sono in attesa di fusione."
 
-#: gitk:367 gitk:514
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Errore nell'esecuzione di git log:"
 
-#: gitk:385 gitk:530
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Lettura in corso"
 
-#: gitk:445 gitk:4261
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Lettura delle revisioni in corso..."
 
-#: gitk:448 gitk:1578 gitk:4264
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Nessuna revisione selezionata"
 
-#: gitk:1454
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Impossibile elaborare i dati di git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1674
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Nessuna informazione disponibile sulle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:1816
+#: gitk:1897
 msgid "mc"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:1851 gitk:4054 gitk:9044 gitk:10585 gitk:10804
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4056 gitk:8634 gitk:8713 gitk:8828 gitk:8877 gitk:9046
-#: gitk:10586 gitk:10805
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Annulla"
 
-#: gitk:1975
+#: gitk:2069
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Aggiorna"
 
-#: gitk:1976
+#: gitk:2070
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Ricarica"
 
-#: gitk:1977
+#: gitk:2071
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Rileggi riferimenti"
 
-#: gitk:1978
+#: gitk:2072
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Elenca riferimenti"
 
-#: gitk:1980
+#: gitk:2074
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "Avvia git gui"
 
-#: gitk:1982
+#: gitk:2076
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Esci"
 
-#: gitk:1974
+#: gitk:2068
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "File"
 
-#: gitk:1986
+#: gitk:2080
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Preferenze"
 
-#: gitk:1985
+#: gitk:2079
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Modifica"
 
-#: gitk:1990
+#: gitk:2084
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Nuova vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1991
+#: gitk:2085
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Modifica vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1992
+#: gitk:2086
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Elimina vista"
 
-#: gitk:1994
+#: gitk:2088
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Tutti i file"
 
-#: gitk:1989 gitk:3808
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Vista"
 
-#: gitk:1999 gitk:2009 gitk:2780
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "Informazioni su gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2000 gitk:2014
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera"
 
-#: gitk:1998 gitk:2013
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Aiuto"
 
-#: gitk:2091 gitk:8110
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2122
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Riga"
 
-#: gitk:2160
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Trova"
 
-#: gitk:2161
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "succ"
-
-#: gitk:2162
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "prec"
-
-#: gitk:2163
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2166 gitk:2168 gitk:4422 gitk:4445 gitk:4469 gitk:6410 gitk:6482
-#: gitk:6566
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "contenente:"
 
-#: gitk:2169 gitk:3290 gitk:3295 gitk:4497
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "che riguarda i percorsi:"
 
-#: gitk:2170 gitk:4502
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "che aggiunge/rimuove la stringa:"
 
-#: gitk:2179 gitk:2181
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Esatto"
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4577 gitk:6378
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2181 gitk:4471 gitk:4575 gitk:6374
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2183 gitk:2184 gitk:4596 gitk:4626 gitk:4633 gitk:6502 gitk:6570
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Tutti i campi"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:4594 gitk:4626 gitk:6441
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Titolo"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6570 gitk:7003
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Commenti"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:4598 gitk:4633 gitk:6441 gitk:6938 gitk:8285
-#: gitk:8300
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Autore"
 
-#: gitk:2185 gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:6940
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Revisione creata da"
 
-#: gitk:2216
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Cerca"
 
-#: gitk:2224
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:2226
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Vecchia versione"
 
-#: gitk:2228
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Nuova versione"
 
-#: gitk:2230
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Linee di contesto"
 
-#: gitk:2240
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignora modifiche agli spazi"
 
-#: gitk:2299
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Modifiche"
 
-#: gitk:2301
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Directory"
 
-#: gitk:2456 gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff questo -> selezionato"
 
-#: gitk:2457 gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff selezionato -> questo"
 
-#: gitk:2458 gitk:2475
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Crea patch"
 
-#: gitk:2459 gitk:8692
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Crea etichetta"
 
-#: gitk:2460 gitk:8808
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Scrivi revisione in un file"
 
-#: gitk:2461 gitk:8865
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Crea un nuovo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2462
+#: gitk:2622
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Porta questa revisione in cima al ramo attuale"
 
-#: gitk:2463
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Aggiorna il ramo HEAD a questa revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2464
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Segna questa revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2465
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Torna alla revisione segnata"
 
-#: gitk:2466
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Trova il discendente di questa revisione e di quella segnata"
 
-#: gitk:2467
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Confronta con la revisione segnata"
 
-#: gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff questo -> selezionato"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff selezionato -> questo"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Segna questa revisione"
+
+#: gitk:2646
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Attiva questo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Elimina questo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2654
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Evidenzia anche questo"
 
-#: gitk:2490
+#: gitk:2655
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Evidenzia solo questo"
 
-#: gitk:2491
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Visualizza differenze in un altro programma"
 
-#: gitk:2492
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Annota la revisione precedente"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2664
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Mostra la provenienza di questa riga"
 
-#: gitk:2500
+#: gitk:2665
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Esegui git gui blame su questa riga"
 
-#: gitk:2782
+#: gitk:3011
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
@@ -346,298 +371,316 @@ msgstr ""
 "Utilizzo e redistribuzione permessi sotto i termini della GNU General Public "
 "License"
 
-#: gitk:2790 gitk:2854 gitk:9230
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Chiudi"
 
-#: gitk:2811
+#: gitk:3040
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera di Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2814
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Scorciatoie da tastiera di Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2816
+#: gitk:3045
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tEsci"
 
-#: gitk:2817
+#: gitk:3046
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tTrova"
+
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tVai alla prima revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:3048
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tVai all'ultima revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2819
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Su>, p, i\tVai più in alto di una revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2820
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3050
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Giù>, n, k\tVai più in basso di una revisione"
 
-#: gitk:2821
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3051
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Sinistra>, z, j\tTorna indietro nella cronologia"
 
-#: gitk:2822
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Destra>, x, l\tVai avanti nella cronologia"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PaginaSu>\tVai più in alto di una pagina nella lista delle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr ""
 "<PaginaGiù>\tVai più in basso di una pagina nella lista delle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:3056
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tScorri alla cima della lista delle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:3057
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tScorri alla fine della lista delle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:2827
+#: gitk:3058
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Su>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in alto di una riga"
 
-#: gitk:2828
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Giù>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in basso di una riga"
 
-#: gitk:2829
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PaginaSu>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in alto di una pagina"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PaginaGiù>\tScorri la lista delle revisioni in basso di una pagina"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:3062
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Su>\tTrova all'indietro (verso l'alto, revisioni successive)"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:3063
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Giù>\tTrova in avanti (verso il basso, revisioni precedenti)"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:3064
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di una pagina"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di una pagina"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Spazio>\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in basso di una pagina"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in alto di 18 linee"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze in basso di 18 linee"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:3069
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tTrova"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:3070
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tTrova in avanti"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Invio>\tTrova in avanti"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:3072
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tCursore nel box di ricerca"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:3073
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tTrova all'indietro"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tScorri la vista delle differenze al file successivo"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:3075
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tCerca in avanti nella vista delle differenze"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:3076
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tCerca all'indietro nella vista delle differenze"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:3077
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAumenta dimensione carattere"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:3078
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-più>\tAumenta dimensione carattere"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\tDiminuisci dimensione carattere"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-meno>\tDiminuisci dimensione carattere"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:3081
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tAggiorna"
 
-#: gitk:3305 gitk:3314
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Errore durante la creazione della directory temporanea %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3327
+#: gitk:3568
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Errore nella lettura di \"%s\" da %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3390
+#: gitk:3631
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "impossibile eseguire il comando:"
 
-#: gitk:3539
+#: gitk:3780
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Revisione inesistente"
 
-#: gitk:3553
+#: gitk:3794
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: impossibile eseguire il comando:"
 
-#: gitk:3584
+#: gitk:3825
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Impossibile leggere merge head: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Errore nella lettura dell'indice: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3617
+#: gitk:3858
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Impossibile eseguire git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3620 gitk:6409
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Ricerca in corso"
 
-#: gitk:3652
+#: gitk:3893
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Errore nell'esecuzione di git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3680
+#: gitk:3921
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Quella riga proviene dalla revisione %s, non presente in questa vista"
 
-#: gitk:3694
+#: gitk:3935
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Impossibile eseguire il visualizzatore di differenze:"
 
-#: gitk:3812
+#: gitk:4053
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Scelta vista Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:3816
+#: gitk:4057
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Ricorda questa vista"
 
-#: gitk:3817
+#: gitk:4058
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Riferimenti (lista di elementi separati da spazi)"
 
-#: gitk:3818
+#: gitk:4059
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Rami ed etichette"
 
-#: gitk:3819
+#: gitk:4060
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Tutti i riferimenti"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:4061
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Tutti i rami (locali)"
 
-#: gitk:3821
+#: gitk:4062
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Tutte le etichette"
 
-#: gitk:3822
+#: gitk:4063
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Tutti i rami remoti"
 
-#: gitk:3823
+#: gitk:4064
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Informazioni sulla revisione (espressioni regolari):"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:4065
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Autore:"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:4066
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Revisione creata da:"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:4067
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Messaggio di revisione:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:4068
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Risponde a tutti i criteri di ricerca sulle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:4069
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Risponde a tutti i criteri di ricerca sulle revisioni"
+
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Modifiche ai file:"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4071
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Stringa fissa"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:4072
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Espressione regolare"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:4073
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Cerca stringa:"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -645,201 +688,201 @@ msgstr ""
 "Date di revisione (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, "
 "2009 15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Da:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "A:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Limita e/o salta N revisioni (intero positivo):"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Numero di revisioni da mostrare:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Numero di revisioni da saltare:"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Altre opzioni:"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Ordina solo per data"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Segna i lati del ramo"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Limita al primo genitore"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Cronologia semplificata"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Ulteriori argomenti da passare a git log:"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:4086
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Inserire file e directory da includere, uno per riga:"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Comando che genera altre revisioni da visualizzare:"
 
-#: gitk:3967
+#: gitk:4211
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: modifica vista"
 
-#: gitk:3975
+#: gitk:4219
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "-- criteri per la scelta delle revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:3980
+#: gitk:4224
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Nome vista"
 
-#: gitk:4055
+#: gitk:4299
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Applica (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4093
+#: gitk:4337
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Errore negli argomenti di selezione delle revisioni:"
 
-#: gitk:4146 gitk:4198 gitk:4646 gitk:4660 gitk:5921 gitk:11534 gitk:11535
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Nessuno"
 
-#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441 gitk:8287 gitk:8302
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Data"
-
-#: gitk:4594 gitk:6441
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: gitk:4743 gitk:4748
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Discendente"
 
-#: gitk:4744
+#: gitk:5004
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Non discendente"
 
-#: gitk:4751 gitk:4756
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Ascendente"
 
-#: gitk:4752
+#: gitk:5012
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Non ascendente"
 
-#: gitk:5042
+#: gitk:5306
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Modifiche locali presenti nell'indice ma non nell'archivio"
 
-#: gitk:5078
+#: gitk:5342
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Modifiche locali non presenti né nell'archivio né nell'indice"
 
-#: gitk:6759
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7118
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "molti"
 
-#: gitk:6942
+#: gitk:7309
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Etichette:"
 
-#: gitk:6959 gitk:6965 gitk:8280
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Genitore"
 
-#: gitk:6970
+#: gitk:7337
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Figlio"
 
-#: gitk:6979
+#: gitk:7346
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Ramo"
 
-#: gitk:6982
+#: gitk:7349
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Segue"
 
-#: gitk:6985
+#: gitk:7352
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Precede"
 
-#: gitk:7522
+#: gitk:7947
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Errore nella lettura delle differenze:"
 
-#: gitk:8108
+#: gitk:8631
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Vai a:"
 
-#: gitk:8129
+#: gitk:8652
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "La SHA1 id abbreviata %s è ambigua"
 
-#: gitk:8136
+#: gitk:8659
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "La revisione %s è sconosciuta"
 
-#: gitk:8146
+#: gitk:8669
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "La SHA1 id %s è sconosciuta"
 
-#: gitk:8148
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "La revisione %s non è presente nella vista attuale"
 
-#: gitk:8290
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Data"
+
+#: gitk:8816
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Figli"
 
-#: gitk:8348
+#: gitk:8879
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Aggiorna il ramo %s a questa revisione"
 
-#: gitk:8350
+#: gitk:8881
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Nessun ramo attivo: reset impossibile"
 
-#: gitk:8459 gitk:8465
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Salto la revisione di fusione "
 
-#: gitk:8474 gitk:8479
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Errore nella identificazione della patch per "
 
-#: gitk:8475 gitk:8480
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - fine\n"
 
-#: gitk:8485 gitk:8488 gitk:8496 gitk:8510 gitk:8519
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "La revisione "
 
-#: gitk:8489
+#: gitk:9016
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -847,7 +890,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " ha le stesse differenze di\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8497
+#: gitk:9024
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -855,7 +898,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " è diversa da\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8499
+#: gitk:9026
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -863,129 +906,129 @@ msgstr ""
 "Differenze tra le revisioni:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8511 gitk:8520
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " ha %s figli - fine\n"
 
-#: gitk:8539
+#: gitk:9066
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Errore nella scrittura della revisione nel file: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8545
+#: gitk:9072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Errore nelle differenze tra le revisioni: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8575
+#: gitk:9118
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Inizio"
 
-#: gitk:8576
+#: gitk:9119
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Da"
 
-#: gitk:8581
+#: gitk:9124
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "A"
 
-#: gitk:8605
+#: gitk:9148
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Genera patch"
 
-#: gitk:8607
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Da:"
 
-#: gitk:8616
+#: gitk:9159
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "A:"
 
-#: gitk:8625
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Inverti"
 
-#: gitk:8627 gitk:8822
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Scrivi sul file:"
 
-#: gitk:8633
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Genera"
 
-#: gitk:8671
+#: gitk:9214
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Errore nella creazione della patch:"
 
-#: gitk:8694 gitk:8810 gitk:8867
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8703
+#: gitk:9246
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Nome etichetta:"
 
-#: gitk:8706
+#: gitk:9249
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "Il messaggio dell'etichetta è opzionale"
 
-#: gitk:8708
+#: gitk:9251
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Messaggio dell'etichetta:"
 
-#: gitk:8712 gitk:8876
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Crea"
 
-#: gitk:8730
+#: gitk:9273
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Nessuna etichetta specificata"
 
-#: gitk:8734
+#: gitk:9277
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "L'etichetta \"%s\" esiste già"
 
-#: gitk:8744
+#: gitk:9287
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Errore nella creazione dell'etichetta:"
 
-#: gitk:8819
+#: gitk:9363
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Comando:"
 
-#: gitk:8827
+#: gitk:9371
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Scrivi"
 
-#: gitk:8845
+#: gitk:9389
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Errore nella scrittura della revisione:"
 
-#: gitk:8872
+#: gitk:9416
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Nome:"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9439
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Specificare un nome per il nuovo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:8900
+#: gitk:9444
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Il ramo '%s' esiste già. Sovrascrivere?"
 
-#: gitk:8966
+#: gitk:9511
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr "La revisione %s è già inclusa nel ramo %s -- applicarla di nuovo?"
 
-#: gitk:8971
+#: gitk:9516
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:8980
+#: gitk:9525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -996,7 +1039,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Prima di riprovare, bisogna creare una nuova revisione, annullare le "
 "modifiche o usare 'git stash'."
 
-#: gitk:8986
+#: gitk:9531
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1004,32 +1047,62 @@ msgstr ""
 "Impossibile eseguire cherry-pick a causa di un conflitto nella fusione.\n"
 "Vuoi avviare git citool per risolverlo?"
 
-#: gitk:9002
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Nessuna modifica archiviata"
 
-#: gitk:9028
+#: gitk:9574
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "La revisione %s è già inclusa nel ramo %s -- applicarla di nuovo?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "git reset in corso"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossibile eseguire cherry-pick perché il file '%s' è stato modificato "
+"nella directory di lavoro.\n"
+"Prima di riprovare, bisogna creare una nuova revisione, annullare le "
+"modifiche o usare 'git stash'."
+
+#: gitk:9591
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossibile eseguire cherry-pick a causa di un conflitto nella fusione.\n"
+"Vuoi avviare git citool per risolverlo?"
+
+#: gitk:9634
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Conferma git reset"
 
-#: gitk:9030
+#: gitk:9636
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Aggiornare il ramo %s a %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9032
+#: gitk:9638
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Tipo di aggiornamento:"
 
-#: gitk:9035
+#: gitk:9641
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Soft: Lascia la direcory di lavoro e l'indice come sono"
 
-#: gitk:9038
+#: gitk:9644
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Mixed: Lascia la directory di lavoro come è, aggiorna l'indice"
 
-#: gitk:9041
+#: gitk:9647
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1037,19 +1110,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hard: Aggiorna la directory di lavoro e l'indice\n"
 "(abbandona TUTTE le modifiche locali)"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9664
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "git reset in corso"
 
-#: gitk:9118
+#: gitk:9724
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Attivazione in corso"
 
-#: gitk:9171
+#: gitk:9777
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Impossibile cancellare il ramo attualmente attivo"
 
-#: gitk:9177
+#: gitk:9783
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1058,16 +1131,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Le revisioni nel ramo %s non sono presenti su altri rami.\n"
 "Cancellare il ramo %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9208
+#: gitk:9814
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Etichette e rami: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9223
+#: gitk:9829
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filtro"
 
-#: gitk:9518
+#: gitk:10125
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1075,202 +1148,225 @@ msgstr ""
 "Errore nella lettura della topologia delle revisioni: le informazioni sul "
 "ramo e le etichette precedenti e seguenti saranno incomplete."
 
-#: gitk:10504
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Etichetta"
 
-#: gitk:10504
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10554
+#: gitk:11189
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Scelta caratteri gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10571
+#: gitk:11206
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"
 
-#: gitk:10574
+#: gitk:11209
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "I"
 
-#: gitk:10692
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Preferenze gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10694
+#: gitk:11327
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Opzioni visualizzazione dell'elenco revisioni"
 
-#: gitk:10697
+#: gitk:11330
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Larghezza massima del grafico (in linee)"
 
-#: gitk:10700
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Larghezza massima del grafico (% del pannello)"
 
-#: gitk:10703
+#: gitk:11337
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Mostra modifiche locali"
 
-#: gitk:10706
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11340
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "Seleziona automaticamente SHA1 hash"
 
-#: gitk:10709
+#: gitk:11344
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Nascondi i riferimenti remoti"
 
-#: gitk:10713
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Opzioni di visualizzazione delle differenze"
 
-#: gitk:10715
+#: gitk:11350
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Spaziatura tabulazioni"
 
-#: gitk:10718
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11353
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Mostra etichette vicine"
 
-#: gitk:10721
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11359
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Limita le differenze ai percorsi elencati"
 
-#: gitk:10724
+#: gitk:11362
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Attiva codifica file per file"
 
-#: gitk:10730 gitk:10819
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Visualizzatore di differenze"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Scegli..."
 
-#: gitk:10736
+#: gitk:11374
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Opzioni generali"
 
-#: gitk:10739
+#: gitk:11377
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Utilizza interfaccia a tema"
 
-#: gitk:10741
+#: gitk:11379
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(una modifica richiede il riavvio)"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11381
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(momentaneamente non disponibile)"
 
-#: gitk:10747
+#: gitk:11392
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Colori: premere per scegliere"
 
-#: gitk:10750
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Interfaccia"
 
-#: gitk:10751
+#: gitk:11396
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "interfaccia"
 
-#: gitk:10754
+#: gitk:11399
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Sfondo"
 
-#: gitk:10755 gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "sfondo"
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11403
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Primo piano"
 
-#: gitk:10759
+#: gitk:11404
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "primo piano"
 
-#: gitk:10762
+#: gitk:11407
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: vecchie linee"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11408
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "vecchie linee"
 
-#: gitk:10767
+#: gitk:11412
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: nuove linee"
 
-#: gitk:10768
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "nuove linee"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: intestazione della sezione"
 
-#: gitk:10774
+#: gitk:11419
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "intestazione della sezione"
 
-#: gitk:10778
+#: gitk:11423
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Sfondo riga selezionata"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "sfondo riga selezionata"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Sfondo"
 
-#: gitk:10788
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Carattere: premere per scegliere"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Carattere principale"
 
-#: gitk:10791
+#: gitk:11441
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Carattere per differenze"
 
-#: gitk:10792
+#: gitk:11442
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Carattere per interfaccia utente"
 
-#: gitk:10829
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferenze gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Genera"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: scegliere un colore per %s"
 
-#: gitk:11433
+#: gitk:12242
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Archivio git non trovato."
 
-#: gitk:11437
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Directory git \"%s\" non trovata."
-
-#: gitk:11484
+#: gitk:12289
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Argomento ambiguo: '%s' è sia revisione che nome di file"
 
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:12301
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Gitk: argomenti errati:"
 
-#: gitk:11587
+#: gitk:12405
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Linea di comando"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "succ"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "prec"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Directory git \"%s\" non trovata."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/ja.po b/gitk-git/po/ja.po
index 4f4705164c..db47a4c2b6 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/ja.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/ja.po
@@ -8,34 +8,43 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-11-04 00:08+0900\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-11-06 01:45+0900\n"
 "Last-Translator: Mizar <mizar.jp@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Japanese\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
 
-#: gitk:113
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "マージされていないファイルのリストを取得できません:"
 
-#: gitk:269
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "リビジョン解析エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:324
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "--argscmd コマンド実行エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:337
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "ファイル未選択: --merge が指定されましたが、マージされていないファイルはあり"
 "ません。"
 
-#: gitk:340
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -43,299 +52,315 @@ msgstr ""
 "ファイル未選択: --merge が指定されましたが、ファイル制限内にマージされていな"
 "いファイルはありません。"
 
-#: gitk:362 gitk:509
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "git log 実行エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:380 gitk:525
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "読み込み中"
 
-#: gitk:440 gitk:4132
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "コミット読み込み中..."
 
-#: gitk:443 gitk:1561 gitk:4135
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "コミットが選択されていません"
 
-#: gitk:1437
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "git log の出力を解析できません:"
 
-#: gitk:1657
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "有効なコミットの情報がありません"
 
-#: gitk:1790
+#: gitk:1897
 msgid "mc"
 msgstr "mc"
 
-#: gitk:1817 gitk:3925 gitk:8842 gitk:10378 gitk:10558
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1819 gitk:3927 gitk:8439 gitk:8513 gitk:8623 gitk:8672 gitk:8844
-#: gitk:10379 gitk:10559
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "キャンセル"
 
-#: gitk:1919
+#: gitk:2069
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "更新"
 
-#: gitk:1920
+#: gitk:2070
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "リロード"
 
-#: gitk:1921
+#: gitk:2071
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "リファレンスを再読み込み"
 
-#: gitk:1922
+#: gitk:2072
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "リファレンスリストを表示"
 
-#: gitk:1924
+#: gitk:2074
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "git gui の開始"
 
-#: gitk:1926
+#: gitk:2076
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "終了"
 
-#: gitk:1918
+#: gitk:2068
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "ファイル"
 
-#: gitk:1930
+#: gitk:2080
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "設定"
 
-#: gitk:1929
+#: gitk:2079
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "編集"
 
-#: gitk:1934
+#: gitk:2084
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "新規ビュー..."
 
-#: gitk:1935
+#: gitk:2085
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "ビュー編集..."
 
-#: gitk:1936
+#: gitk:2086
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "ビュー削除"
 
-#: gitk:1938
+#: gitk:2088
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "全てのファイル"
 
-#: gitk:1933 gitk:3679
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "ビュー"
 
-#: gitk:1943 gitk:1953 gitk:2656
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "gitk について"
 
-#: gitk:1944 gitk:1958
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "キーバインディング"
 
-#: gitk:1942 gitk:1957
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "ヘルプ"
 
-#: gitk:2018
-msgid "SHA1 ID: "
-msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2049
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "行"
 
-#: gitk:2080
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "検索"
 
-#: gitk:2081
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "次"
-
-#: gitk:2082
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "前"
-
-#: gitk:2083
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "コミット"
 
-#: gitk:2086 gitk:2088 gitk:4293 gitk:4316 gitk:4340 gitk:6281 gitk:6353
-#: gitk:6437
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "含む:"
 
-#: gitk:2089 gitk:3164 gitk:3169 gitk:4368
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "パスの一部:"
 
-#: gitk:2090 gitk:4373
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "追加/除去する文字列:"
 
-#: gitk:2099 gitk:2101
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "英字の大小を区別する"
 
-#: gitk:2101 gitk:4448 gitk:6249
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "英字の大小を区別しない"
 
-#: gitk:2101 gitk:4342 gitk:4446 gitk:6245
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "正規表現"
 
-#: gitk:2103 gitk:2104 gitk:4467 gitk:4497 gitk:4504 gitk:6373 gitk:6441
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "全ての項目"
 
-#: gitk:2104 gitk:4465 gitk:4497 gitk:6312
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "ヘッドライン"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4465 gitk:6312 gitk:6441 gitk:6875
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "コメント"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4465 gitk:4469 gitk:4504 gitk:6312 gitk:6810 gitk:8091
-#: gitk:8106
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "作者"
 
-#: gitk:2105 gitk:4465 gitk:6312 gitk:6812
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "コミット者"
 
-#: gitk:2134
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "検索"
 
-#: gitk:2141
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2143
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "旧バージョン"
 
-#: gitk:2145
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "新バージョン"
 
-#: gitk:2147
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "文脈行数"
 
-#: gitk:2157
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "空白の違いを無視"
 
-#: gitk:2215
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "パッチ"
 
-#: gitk:2217
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "ツリー"
 
-#: gitk:2361 gitk:2378
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "これと選択したコミットのdiffを見る"
 
-#: gitk:2362 gitk:2379
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "選択したコミットとこれのdiffを見る"
 
-#: gitk:2363 gitk:2380
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "パッチ作成"
 
-#: gitk:2364 gitk:8497
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "タグ生成"
 
-#: gitk:2365 gitk:8603
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "コミットをファイルに書き出す"
 
-#: gitk:2366 gitk:8660
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "新規ブランチ生成"
 
-#: gitk:2367
+#: gitk:2622
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "このコミットをチェリーピックする"
 
-#: gitk:2368
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "ブランチのHEADをここにリセットする"
 
-#: gitk:2369
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "このコミットにマークをつける"
 
-#: gitk:2370
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "マークを付けた所に戻る"
 
-#: gitk:2371
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "これとマークをつけた所との子孫を見つける"
 
-#: gitk:2372
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "マークを付けたコミットと比較する"
 
-#: gitk:2386
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "これと選択したコミットのdiffを見る"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "選択したコミットとこれのdiffを見る"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "このコミットにマークをつける"
+
+#: gitk:2646
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "このブランチをチェックアウトする"
 
-#: gitk:2387
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "このブランチを除去する"
 
-#: gitk:2394
+#: gitk:2654
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "これもハイライトさせる"
 
-#: gitk:2395
+#: gitk:2655
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "これだけをハイライトさせる"
 
-#: gitk:2396
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "外部diffツール"
 
-#: gitk:2397
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "親コミットから blame をかける"
 
-#: gitk:2404
+#: gitk:2664
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "この行の出自を表示する"
 
-#: gitk:2405
+#: gitk:2665
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "この行に git gui で blame をかける"
 
-#: gitk:2658
+#: gitk:3011
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
@@ -346,297 +371,315 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "使用および再配布は GNU General Public License に従ってください"
 
-#: gitk:2666 gitk:2728 gitk:9025
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "閉じる"
 
-#: gitk:2685
+#: gitk:3040
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Gitk キーバインディング"
 
-#: gitk:2688
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Gitk キーバインディング:"
 
-#: gitk:2690
+#: gitk:3045
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\t終了"
 
-#: gitk:2691
+#: gitk:3046
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\t検索"
+
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\t最初のコミットに移動"
 
-#: gitk:2692
+#: gitk:3048
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\t最後のコミットに移動"
 
-#: gitk:2693
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Up>, p, i\t一つ上のコミットに移動"
 
-#: gitk:2694
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3050
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Down>, n, k\t一つ下のコミットに移動"
 
-#: gitk:2695
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3051
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Left>, z, j\t履歴の前に戻る"
 
-#: gitk:2696
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Right>, x, l\t履歴の次へ進む"
 
-#: gitk:2697
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tコミットリストの一つ上のページに移動"
 
-#: gitk:2698
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tコミットリストの一つ下のページに移動"
 
-#: gitk:2699
+#: gitk:3056
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tコミットリストの一番上にスクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2700
+#: gitk:3057
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tコミットリストの一番下にスクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2701
+#: gitk:3058
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Up>\tコミットリストの一つ下の行にスクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2702
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Down>\tコミットリストの一つ下の行にスクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2703
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tコミットリストの上のページにスクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2704
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tコミットリストの下のページにスクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2705
+#: gitk:3062
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Up>\t後方を検索 (上方の・新しいコミット)"
 
-#: gitk:2706
+#: gitk:3063
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Down>\t前方を検索（下方の・古いコミット）"
 
-#: gitk:2707
+#: gitk:3064
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tdiff画面を上のページにスクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2708
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tdiff画面を上のページにスクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2709
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Space>\t\tdiff画面を下のページにスクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2710
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tdiff画面を上に18行スクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2711
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tdiff画面を下に18行スクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2712
+#: gitk:3069
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\t検索"
 
-#: gitk:2713
+#: gitk:3070
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\t次を検索して移動"
 
-#: gitk:2714
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\t次を検索して移動"
 
-#: gitk:2715
+#: gitk:3072
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\t検索ボックスにフォーカス"
 
-#: gitk:2716
+#: gitk:3073
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\t前を検索して移動"
 
-#: gitk:2717
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\t次のファイルにdiff画面をスクロールする"
 
-#: gitk:2718
+#: gitk:3075
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tdiff画面の次を検索"
 
-#: gitk:2719
+#: gitk:3076
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tdiff画面の前を検索"
 
-#: gitk:2720
+#: gitk:3077
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\t文字サイズを拡大"
 
-#: gitk:2721
+#: gitk:3078
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\t文字サイズを拡大"
 
-#: gitk:2722
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\t文字サイズを縮小"
 
-#: gitk:2723
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\t文字サイズを縮小"
 
-#: gitk:2724
+#: gitk:3081
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\t更新"
 
-#: gitk:3179 gitk:3188
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "一時ディレクトリ %s 生成時エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:3201
+#: gitk:3568
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "\"%s\" のエラーが %s に発生:"
 
-#: gitk:3264
+#: gitk:3631
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "コマンド失敗:"
 
-#: gitk:3410
+#: gitk:3780
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "そのようなコミットはありません"
 
-#: gitk:3424
+#: gitk:3794
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: コマンド失敗:"
 
-#: gitk:3455
+#: gitk:3825
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "マージする HEAD を読み込めません: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3463
+#: gitk:3833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "インデックス読み込みエラー: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3488
+#: gitk:3858
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "git blame を始められません: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3491 gitk:6280
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "検索中"
 
-#: gitk:3523
+#: gitk:3893
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "git blame 実行エラー: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3551
+#: gitk:3921
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "コミット %s に由来するその行は、このビューに表示されていません"
 
-#: gitk:3565
+#: gitk:3935
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "外部diffビューアが失敗:"
 
-#: gitk:3683
+#: gitk:4053
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Gitk ビュー定義"
 
-#: gitk:3687
+#: gitk:4057
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "このビューを記憶する"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:4058
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "リファレンス（スペース区切りのリスト）:"
 
-#: gitk:3689
+#: gitk:4059
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "ブランチ＆タグ:"
 
-#: gitk:3690
+#: gitk:4060
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "全てのリファレンス"
 
-#: gitk:3691
+#: gitk:4061
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "全ての（ローカルな）ブランチ"
 
-#: gitk:3692
+#: gitk:4062
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "全てのタグ"
 
-#: gitk:3693
+#: gitk:4063
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "全てのリモート追跡ブランチ"
 
-#: gitk:3694
+#: gitk:4064
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "コミット情報（正規表現）:"
 
-#: gitk:3695
+#: gitk:4065
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "作者:"
 
-#: gitk:3696
+#: gitk:4066
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "コミット者:"
 
-#: gitk:3697
+#: gitk:4067
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "コミットメッセージ:"
 
-#: gitk:3698
+#: gitk:4068
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "コミット情報の全ての条件に一致"
 
-#: gitk:3699
+#: gitk:4069
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "コミット情報の全ての条件に一致"
+
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "変更したファイル:"
 
-#: gitk:3700
+#: gitk:4071
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "固定文字列"
 
-#: gitk:3701
+#: gitk:4072
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "正規表現"
 
-#: gitk:3702
+#: gitk:4073
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "検索文字列:"
 
-#: gitk:3703
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -644,205 +687,202 @@ msgstr ""
 "コミット日時 (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3704
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "期間の始め:"
 
-#: gitk:3705
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "期間の終わり:"
 
-#: gitk:3706
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "制限・省略するリビジョンの数（正の整数）:"
 
-#: gitk:3707
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "表示する数:"
 
-#: gitk:3708
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "省略する数:"
 
-#: gitk:3709
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "その他のオプション:"
 
-#: gitk:3710
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "厳密に日付順で並び替え"
 
-#: gitk:3711
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "側枝マーク"
 
-#: gitk:3712
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "最初の親に制限"
 
-#: gitk:3713
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "簡易な履歴"
 
-#: gitk:3714
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "git log への追加の引数:"
 
-#: gitk:3715
+#: gitk:4086
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "含まれるファイル・ディレクトリを一行ごとに入力:"
 
-#: gitk:3716
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "コミット追加コマンド:"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4211
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: ビュー編集"
 
-#: gitk:3846
+#: gitk:4219
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "― リビジョンの選択条件"
 
-#: gitk:3851
-msgid "View Name:"
+#: gitk:4224
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "ビュー名:"
 
-#: gitk:3926
+#: gitk:4299
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "適用 (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:3964
+#: gitk:4337
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "コミット選択引数のエラー:"
 
-#: gitk:4017 gitk:4069 gitk:4517 gitk:4531 gitk:5792 gitk:11263 gitk:11264
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "無し"
 
-#: gitk:4465 gitk:6312 gitk:8093 gitk:8108
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "日付"
-
-#: gitk:4465 gitk:6312
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "作成日"
-
-#: gitk:4614 gitk:4619
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "子孫"
 
-#: gitk:4615
+#: gitk:5004
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "非子孫"
 
-#: gitk:4622 gitk:4627
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "祖先"
 
-#: gitk:4623
+#: gitk:5012
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "非祖先"
 
-#: gitk:4913
+#: gitk:5306
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "ステージされた、コミット前のローカルな変更"
 
-#: gitk:4949
+#: gitk:5342
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "ステージされていない、コミット前のローカルな変更"
 
-#: gitk:6630
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7118
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "多数"
 
-#: gitk:6814
+#: gitk:7309
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "タグ:"
 
-#: gitk:6831 gitk:6837 gitk:8086
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "親"
 
-#: gitk:6842
+#: gitk:7337
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "子"
 
-#: gitk:6851
+#: gitk:7346
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "ブランチ"
 
-#: gitk:6854
+#: gitk:7349
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "下位"
 
-#: gitk:6857
+#: gitk:7352
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "上位"
 
-#: gitk:7359
+#: gitk:7947
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "diff取得エラー: %s"
 
-#: gitk:7914
+#: gitk:8631
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Goto:"
 
-#: gitk:7916
-msgid "SHA1 ID:"
-msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
-
-#: gitk:7935
+#: gitk:8652
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "%s を含む SHA1 ID は複数存在します"
 
-#: gitk:7942
+#: gitk:8659
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "リビジョン %s は不明です"
 
-#: gitk:7952
+#: gitk:8669
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA1 id %s は不明です"
 
-#: gitk:7954
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "リビジョン %s は現在のビューにはありません"
 
-#: gitk:8096
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "日付"
+
+#: gitk:8816
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "子"
 
-#: gitk:8153
+#: gitk:8879
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "%s ブランチをここにリセットする"
 
-#: gitk:8155
+#: gitk:8881
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "切り離されたHEAD: リセットできません"
 
-#: gitk:8264 gitk:8270
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "コミットマージをスキップ: "
 
-#: gitk:8279 gitk:8284
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "パッチ取得エラー: ID "
 
-#: gitk:8280 gitk:8285
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - 停止\n"
 
-#: gitk:8290 gitk:8293 gitk:8301 gitk:8314 gitk:8323
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "コミット "
 
-#: gitk:8294
+#: gitk:9016
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -850,7 +890,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " は下記のパッチと同等\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8302
+#: gitk:9024
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -858,7 +898,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " 下記からのdiff\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8304
+#: gitk:9026
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -866,122 +906,131 @@ msgstr ""
 "コミットのdiff:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8315 gitk:8324
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " には %s の子があります - 停止\n"
 
-#: gitk:8344
+#: gitk:9066
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "ファイルへのコミット書き出しエラー: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8350
+#: gitk:9072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "コミットのdiff実行エラー: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8380
+#: gitk:9118
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Top"
 
-#: gitk:8381
+#: gitk:9119
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "From"
 
-#: gitk:8386
+#: gitk:9124
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "To"
 
-#: gitk:8410
+#: gitk:9148
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "パッチ生成"
 
-#: gitk:8412
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "From:"
 
-#: gitk:8421
+#: gitk:9159
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "To:"
 
-#: gitk:8430
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "逆"
 
-#: gitk:8432 gitk:8617
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "出力ファイル:"
 
-#: gitk:8438
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "生成"
 
-#: gitk:8476
+#: gitk:9214
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "パッチ生成エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:8499 gitk:8605 gitk:8662
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8508
+#: gitk:9246
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "タグ名:"
 
-#: gitk:8512 gitk:8671
+#: gitk:9249
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9251
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "タグ名:"
+
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "生成"
 
-#: gitk:8529
+#: gitk:9273
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "タグの名称が指定されていません"
 
-#: gitk:8533
+#: gitk:9277
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "タグ \"%s\" は既に存在します"
 
-#: gitk:8539
+#: gitk:9287
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "タグ生成エラー:"
 
-#: gitk:8614
+#: gitk:9363
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "コマンド:"
 
-#: gitk:8622
+#: gitk:9371
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "書き出し"
 
-#: gitk:8640
+#: gitk:9389
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "コミット書き出しエラー:"
 
-#: gitk:8667
+#: gitk:9416
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "名前:"
 
-#: gitk:8690
+#: gitk:9439
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "新しいブランチの名前を指定してください"
 
-#: gitk:8695
+#: gitk:9444
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "ブランチ '%s' は既に存在します。上書きしますか？"
 
-#: gitk:8761
+#: gitk:9511
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "コミット %s は既にブランチ %s に含まれています ― 本当にこれを再適用しますか？"
 
-#: gitk:8766
+#: gitk:9516
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "チェリーピック中"
 
-#: gitk:8775
+#: gitk:9525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -991,7 +1040,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "あなたの変更に commit, reset, stash のいずれかを行ってからやり直してくださ"
 "い。"
 
-#: gitk:8781
+#: gitk:9531
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -999,32 +1048,62 @@ msgstr ""
 "マージの衝突によってチェリーピックは失敗しました。\n"
 "この解決のために git citool を実行したいですか？"
 
-#: gitk:8797
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "何の変更もコミットされていません"
 
-#: gitk:8823
+#: gitk:9574
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr ""
+"コミット %s は既にブランチ %s に含まれています ― 本当にこれを再適用しますか？"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "リセット中"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"ファイル '%s' のローカルな変更のためにチェリーピックは失敗しました。\n"
+"あなたの変更に commit, reset, stash のいずれかを行ってからやり直してくださ"
+"い。"
+
+#: gitk:9591
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"マージの衝突によってチェリーピックは失敗しました。\n"
+"この解決のために git citool を実行したいですか？"
+
+#: gitk:9634
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "確認を取り消す"
 
-#: gitk:8825
+#: gitk:9636
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "ブランチ %s を %s にリセットしますか？"
 
-#: gitk:8829
+#: gitk:9638
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Reset タイプ:"
 
-#: gitk:8833
+#: gitk:9641
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Soft: 作業ツリーもインデックスもそのままにする"
 
-#: gitk:8836
+#: gitk:9644
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Mixed: 作業ツリーをそのままにして、インデックスをリセット"
 
-#: gitk:8839
+#: gitk:9647
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1032,19 +1111,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hard: 作業ツリーやインデックスをリセット\n"
 "（「全ての」ローカルな変更を破棄）"
 
-#: gitk:8856
+#: gitk:9664
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "リセット中"
 
-#: gitk:8913
+#: gitk:9724
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "チェックアウト"
 
-#: gitk:8966
+#: gitk:9777
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "現在チェックアウトされているブランチを削除することはできません"
 
-#: gitk:8972
+#: gitk:9783
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1053,16 +1132,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "ブランチ %s には他のブランチに存在しないコミットがあります。\n"
 "本当にブランチ %s を削除しますか？"
 
-#: gitk:9003
+#: gitk:9814
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "タグとHEAD: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9018
+#: gitk:9829
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "フィルター"
 
-#: gitk:9313
+#: gitk:10125
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1070,186 +1149,232 @@ msgstr ""
 "コミット構造情報読み込みエラー; ブランチ及び上位/下位のタグ情報が不完全である"
 "ようです。"
 
-#: gitk:10299
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "タグ"
 
-#: gitk:10299
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "ID"
 
-#: gitk:10347
+#: gitk:11189
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Gitk フォント選択"
 
-#: gitk:10364
+#: gitk:11206
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"
 
-#: gitk:10367
+#: gitk:11209
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "I"
 
-#: gitk:10463
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Gitk 設定"
-
-#: gitk:10465
+#: gitk:11327
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "コミットリスト表示オプション"
 
-#: gitk:10468
+#: gitk:11330
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "最大グラフ幅（線の本数）"
 
-#: gitk:10472
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "最大グラフ幅（ペインに対する％）"
 
-#: gitk:10476
+#: gitk:11337
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "ローカルな変更を表示"
 
-#: gitk:10479
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11340
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "SHA1 の自動選択"
 
-#: gitk:10483
+#: gitk:11344
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "リモートリファレンスを隠す"
+
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "diff表示オプション"
 
-#: gitk:10485
+#: gitk:11350
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "タブ空白幅"
 
-#: gitk:10488
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11353
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "近くのタグを表示する"
 
-#: gitk:10491
-msgid "Hide remote refs"
-msgstr "リモートリファレンスを隠す"
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:10494
+#: gitk:11359
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "diff をリストのパスに制限"
 
-#: gitk:10497
+#: gitk:11362
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "ファイルごとのエンコーディングのサポート"
 
-#: gitk:10503 gitk:10572
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "外部diffツール"
 
-#: gitk:10505
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "選択..."
 
-#: gitk:10510
+#: gitk:11374
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "パッチ生成"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11379
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11381
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11392
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "色: ボタンを押して選択"
 
-#: gitk:10513
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "インターフェイス"
 
-#: gitk:10514
+#: gitk:11396
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "インターフェイス"
 
-#: gitk:10517
+#: gitk:11399
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "背景"
 
-#: gitk:10518 gitk:10548
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "背景"
 
-#: gitk:10521
+#: gitk:11403
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "前景"
 
-#: gitk:10522
+#: gitk:11404
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "前景"
 
-#: gitk:10525
+#: gitk:11407
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: 旧バージョン"
 
-#: gitk:10526
+#: gitk:11408
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff 旧バージョン"
 
-#: gitk:10530
+#: gitk:11412
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: 新バージョン"
 
-#: gitk:10531
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff 新バージョン"
 
-#: gitk:10535
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: hunkヘッダ"
 
-#: gitk:10537
+#: gitk:11419
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff hunkヘッダ"
 
-#: gitk:10541
+#: gitk:11423
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "マーク行の背景"
 
-#: gitk:10543
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "マーク行の背景"
 
-#: gitk:10547
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "選択の背景"
 
-#: gitk:10551
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "フォント: ボタンを押して選択"
 
-#: gitk:10553
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "主フォント"
 
-#: gitk:10554
+#: gitk:11441
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Diff表示用フォント"
 
-#: gitk:10555
+#: gitk:11442
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "UI用フォント"
 
-#: gitk:10582
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Gitk 設定"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "生成"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: 「%s」 の色を選択"
 
-#: gitk:11168
+#: gitk:12242
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "ここにはgitリポジトリがありません。"
 
-#: gitk:11172
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "gitディレクトリ \"%s\" を見つけられません。"
-
-#: gitk:11219
+#: gitk:12289
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "あいまいな引数 '%s': リビジョンとファイル名の両方に解釈できます"
 
-#: gitk:11231
+#: gitk:12301
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "gitkへの不正な引数:"
 
-#: gitk:11316
+#: gitk:12405
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "コマンド行"
+
+#~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+#~ msgstr "SHA1 ID: "
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "次"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "前"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "作成日"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "gitディレクトリ \"%s\" を見つけられません。"
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh b/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh
index c63248e375..c63248e375 100644..100755
--- a/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh
+++ b/gitk-git/po/po2msg.sh
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po b/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po
index 1486e3205a..80d24bcad8 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/pt_br.po
@@ -9,33 +9,42 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-01-26 15:47-0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2010-12-06 23:39-0200\n"
 "Last-Translator: Alexandre Erwin Ittner <alexandre@ittner.com.br>\n"
 "Language-Team: Brazilian Portuguese <>\n"
+"Language: pt_BR\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Não foi possível obter a lista dos arquivos não mesclados:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Erro ao interpretar revisões:"
 
-#: gitk:330
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Erro ao executar o comando--argscmd:"
 
-#: gitk:343
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Nenhum arquivo foi selecionado: --merge especificado mas não há arquivos não-"
 "mesclados."
 
-#: gitk:346
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -43,603 +52,634 @@ msgstr ""
 "Nenhum arquivo foi selecionado: --merge especificado mas não há arquivos não-"
 "mesclados dentro dos limites."
 
-#: gitk:368 gitk:516
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Erro ao executar git log:"
 
-#: gitk:386 gitk:532
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Lendo"
 
-#: gitk:446 gitk:4271
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Lendo revisões..."
 
-#: gitk:449 gitk:1580 gitk:4274
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Nenhuma revisão foi selecionada"
 
-#: gitk:1456
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Não foi possível interpretar a saída do \"git log\":"
 
-#: gitk:1676
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Não há informações disponíveis sobre a revisão"
 
-#: gitk:1818
+#: gitk:1897
 msgid "mc"
 msgstr "mc"
 
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4064 gitk:9067 gitk:10607 gitk:10817
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "Ok"
 
-#: gitk:1855 gitk:4066 gitk:8657 gitk:8736 gitk:8851 gitk:8900 gitk:9069
-#: gitk:10608 gitk:10818
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Cancelar"
 
-#: gitk:1980
+#: gitk:2069
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Atualizar"
 
-#: gitk:1981
+#: gitk:2070
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Recarregar"
 
-#: gitk:1982
+#: gitk:2071
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Ler as referências novamente"
 
-#: gitk:1983
+#: gitk:2072
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Listar referências"
 
-#: gitk:1985
+#: gitk:2074
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "Iniciar Git GUI"
 
-#: gitk:1987
+#: gitk:2076
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Sair"
 
-#: gitk:1979
+#: gitk:2068
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Arquivo"
 
-#: gitk:1991
+#: gitk:2080
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Preferências"
 
-#: gitk:1990
+#: gitk:2079
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Editar"
 
-#: gitk:1995
+#: gitk:2084
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Nova vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1996
+#: gitk:2085
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Editar vista..."
 
-#: gitk:1997
+#: gitk:2086
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Apagar vista"
 
-#: gitk:1999
+#: gitk:2088
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Todos os arquivos"
 
-#: gitk:1994 gitk:3817
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Exibir"
 
-#: gitk:2004 gitk:2014 gitk:2787
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "Sobre o gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2005 gitk:2019
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Atalhos de teclado"
 
-#: gitk:2003 gitk:2018
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Ajuda"
 
-#: gitk:2096 gitk:8132
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2127
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Linha"
 
-#: gitk:2165
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Encontrar"
 
-#: gitk:2166
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "Próximo"
-
-#: gitk:2167
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "Anterior"
-
-#: gitk:2168
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "Revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2171 gitk:2173 gitk:4432 gitk:4455 gitk:4479 gitk:6420 gitk:6492
-#: gitk:6576
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "contendo:"
 
-#: gitk:2174 gitk:3298 gitk:3303 gitk:4507
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "envolvendo os caminhos:"
 
-#: gitk:2175 gitk:4512
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "Adicionando/removendo texto:"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:2186
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exatamente"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4587 gitk:6388
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "Ignorar maiúsculas/minúsculas"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4481 gitk:4585 gitk:6384
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Expressão regular"
 
-#: gitk:2188 gitk:2189 gitk:4606 gitk:4636 gitk:4643 gitk:6512 gitk:6580
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Todos os campos"
 
-#: gitk:2189 gitk:4604 gitk:4636 gitk:6451
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Assunto"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6580 gitk:7013
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Descrição da revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:4608 gitk:4643 gitk:6451 gitk:6948 gitk:8307
-#: gitk:8322
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Autor"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6950
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Revisor"
 
-#: gitk:2221
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Buscar"
 
-#: gitk:2229
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diferenças"
 
-#: gitk:2231
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Versão antiga"
 
-#: gitk:2233
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Versão nova"
 
-#: gitk:2235
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Número de linhas de contexto"
 
-#: gitk:2245
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignorar mudanças de caixa"
 
-#: gitk:2304
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Diferenças"
 
-#: gitk:2306
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Árvore"
 
-#: gitk:2463 gitk:2480
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Comparar esta revisão com a selecionada"
 
-#: gitk:2464 gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Comparar a revisão selecionada com esta"
 
-#: gitk:2465 gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Criar patch"
 
-#: gitk:2466 gitk:8715
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Criar etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:2467 gitk:8831
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Salvar revisão para um arquivo"
 
-#: gitk:2468 gitk:8888
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Criar novo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2469
+#: gitk:2622
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Fazer cherry-pick desta revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2470
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Redefinir HEAD para cá"
 
-#: gitk:2471
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Marcar esta revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2472
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Voltar à marca"
 
-#: gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Encontrar descendente e marcar"
 
-#: gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Comparar com a revisão marcada"
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Comparar esta revisão com a selecionada"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Comparar a revisão selecionada com esta"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Marcar esta revisão"
+
+#: gitk:2646
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Efetuar checkout deste ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Excluir este ramo"
 
-#: gitk:2496
+#: gitk:2654
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Marcar este também"
 
-#: gitk:2497
+#: gitk:2655
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Marcar apenas este"
 
-#: gitk:2498
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Diff externo"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Anotar revisão anterior"
 
-#: gitk:2506
+#: gitk:2664
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Exibir origem desta linha"
 
-#: gitk:2507
+#: gitk:2665
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Executar 'git blame' nesta linha"
 
-#: gitk:2789
-msgid "\n"
+#: gitk:3011
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
-msgstr "\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
 "Gitk - um visualizador de revisões para o git \n"
 "\n"
 "Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Uso e distribuição segundo os termos da Licença Pública Geral GNU"
 
-#: gitk:2797 gitk:2862 gitk:9253
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Fechar"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:3040
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Atalhos de teclado"
 
-#: gitk:2821
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Atalhos de teclado:"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:3045
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tSair"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:3046
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
 msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tFechar janela"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tIr para a primeira revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:3048
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tIr para a última revisão"
 
-#: gitk:2827
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Up>, p, i\tIr para uma revisão acima"
 
-#: gitk:2828
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3050
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Down>, n, k\tIr para uma revisão abaixo"
 
-#: gitk:2829
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3051
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Left>, z, j\tVoltar no histórico"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tAvançar no histórico"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tSubir uma página na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tDescer uma página na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:3056
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tRolar para o início da lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:3057
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tRolar para o final da lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:3058
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Up>\tRolar uma linha acima na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Down>\tRolar uma linha abaixo na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tRolar uma página acima na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tRolar uma página abaixo na lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:3062
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tProcurar próxima (revisões mas recentes)"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:3063
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tProcurar anterior (revisões mais antigas)"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:3064
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tRola alterações uma página acima"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tRolar alterações uma página abaixo"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Space>\t\tRolar alterações uma página abaixo"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tRolar alterações 18 linhas acima"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tRolar alterações 18 linhas abaixo"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:3069
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tProcurar"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:3070
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tIr para a próxima ocorrência"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\tIr para a próxima ocorrência"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:3072
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tPor foco na caixa de busca"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:3073
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tIr para a ocorrência anterior"
 
-#: gitk:2851
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tRolar alterações para o próximo arquivo"
 
-#: gitk:2852
+#: gitk:3075
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tProcurar a próxima ocorrência na lista de alterações"
 
-#: gitk:2853
+#: gitk:3076
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tProcurar ocorrência anterior na lista de alterações"
 
-#: gitk:2854
+#: gitk:3077
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tAumentar tamanho da fonte"
 
-#: gitk:2855
+#: gitk:3078
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tAumentar tamanho da fonte"
 
-#: gitk:2856
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\tReduzir tamanho da fonte"
 
-#: gitk:2857
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tReduzir tamanho da fonte"
 
-#: gitk:2858
+#: gitk:3081
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tAtualizar"
 
-#: gitk:3313 gitk:3322
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Erro ao criar o diretório temporário %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3335
+#: gitk:3568
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Erro ao ler \"%s\" de %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3398
+#: gitk:3631
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "O comando falhou:"
 
-#: gitk:3547
+#: gitk:3780
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Revisão não encontrada"
 
-#: gitk:3561
+#: gitk:3794
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "Comando 'git gui blame' falhou:"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3825
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Impossível ler merge head: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3600
+#: gitk:3833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Erro ao ler o índice: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3625
+#: gitk:3858
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Não foi possível inciar o 'git blame': %s"
 
-#: gitk:3628 gitk:6419
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Procurando"
 
-#: gitk:3660
+#: gitk:3893
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Erro ao executar 'git blame': %s"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:3921
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Esta linha vem da revisão %s, que não está nesta vista"
 
-#: gitk:3702
+#: gitk:3935
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Erro do visualizador de alterações externo:"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:4053
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Definir vista"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:4057
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Lembrar esta vista"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:4058
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Referências (separar a lista com um espaço):"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:4059
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Ramos & etiquetas:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:4060
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Todas as referências"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:4061
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Todos os ramos locais"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4062
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Todas as etiquetas"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:4063
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Todos os ramos de rastreio"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:4064
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Informações da revisão (expressões regulares):"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:4065
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Autor:"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:4066
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Revisor:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:4067
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Descrição da revisão:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:4068
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Coincidir todos os critérios de informações da revisão"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:4069
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Coincidir todos os critérios de informações da revisão"
+
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Mudanças para os arquivos:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4071
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Texto fixo"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4072
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Expressão regular"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:4073
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Texto de busca"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -647,201 +687,201 @@ msgstr ""
 "Datas de revisão (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Desde:"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Até:"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Limitar e/ou ignorar um número de revisões (inteiro positivo):"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Número para mostrar:"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Número para ignorar:"
 
-#: gitk:3846
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Opções diversas:"
 
-#: gitk:3847
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Ordenar estritamente pela data"
 
-#: gitk:3848
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Marcar os dois lados do ramo"
 
-#: gitk:3849
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Limitar ao primeiro antecessor"
 
-#: gitk:3850
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Histórico simplificado"
 
-#: gitk:3851
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Argumentos adicionais para o 'git log':"
 
-#: gitk:3852
+#: gitk:4086
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Arquivos e diretórios para incluir, um por linha"
 
-#: gitk:3853
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Comando para gerar mais revisões para incluir:"
 
-#: gitk:3977
+#: gitk:4211
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: editar vista"
 
-#: gitk:3985
+#: gitk:4219
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr "-- critérios para selecionar revisões"
 
-#: gitk:3990
+#: gitk:4224
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Nome da vista"
 
-#: gitk:4065
+#: gitk:4299
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Aplicar (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4103
+#: gitk:4337
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Erro nos argumentos de seleção de revisões:"
 
-#: gitk:4156 gitk:4208 gitk:4656 gitk:4670 gitk:5931 gitk:11551 gitk:11552
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Nenhum"
 
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:8309 gitk:8324
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Data"
-
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "DataR"
-
-#: gitk:4753 gitk:4758
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Descendente de"
 
-#: gitk:4754
+#: gitk:5004
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Não descendente de"
 
-#: gitk:4761 gitk:4766
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Antecessor de"
 
-#: gitk:4762
+#: gitk:5012
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Não antecessor de"
 
-#: gitk:5052
+#: gitk:5306
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Mudanças locais marcadas, porém não salvas"
 
-#: gitk:5088
+#: gitk:5342
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Mudanças locais não marcadas"
 
-#: gitk:6769
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7118
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "muitas"
 
-#: gitk:6952
+#: gitk:7309
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Etiquetas:"
 
-#: gitk:6969 gitk:6975 gitk:8302
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Antecessor"
 
-#: gitk:6980
+#: gitk:7337
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Descendente"
 
-#: gitk:6989
+#: gitk:7346
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Ramo"
 
-#: gitk:6992
+#: gitk:7349
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Segue"
 
-#: gitk:6995
+#: gitk:7352
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Precede"
 
-#: gitk:7532
+#: gitk:7947
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Erro ao obter diferenças: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8130
+#: gitk:8631
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Ir para:"
 
-#: gitk:8151
+#: gitk:8652
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "O id SHA1 %s é ambíguo"
 
-#: gitk:8158
+#: gitk:8659
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Revisão %s desconhecida"
 
-#: gitk:8168
+#: gitk:8669
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "Id SHA1 %s desconhecido"
 
-#: gitk:8170
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "A revisão %s não está na vista atual"
 
-#: gitk:8312
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Data"
+
+#: gitk:8816
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Descendentes"
 
-#: gitk:8370
+#: gitk:8879
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Redefinir ramo %s para este ponto"
 
-#: gitk:8372
+#: gitk:8881
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Detached head: impossível redefinir"
 
-#: gitk:8481 gitk:8487
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Saltando revisão de mesclagem"
 
-#: gitk:8496 gitk:8501
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Erro ao obter patch ID para"
 
-#: gitk:8497 gitk:8502
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr "- parando\n"
 
-#: gitk:8507 gitk:8510 gitk:8518 gitk:8532 gitk:8541
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Revisão"
 
-#: gitk:8511
+#: gitk:9016
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -849,13 +889,13 @@ msgstr ""
 "é o mesmo patch que\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8519
+#: gitk:9024
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
 msgstr "difere de"
 
-#: gitk:8521
+#: gitk:9026
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -863,129 +903,129 @@ msgstr ""
 "Diferença de revisões:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8533 gitk:8542
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr "possui %s descendentes - parando\n"
 
-#: gitk:8561
+#: gitk:9066
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Erro ao salvar revisão para o arquivo: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8567
+#: gitk:9072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Erro ao comparar revisões: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8598
+#: gitk:9118
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Início"
 
-#: gitk:8599
+#: gitk:9119
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "De"
 
-#: gitk:8604
+#: gitk:9124
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "Para"
 
-#: gitk:8628
+#: gitk:9148
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Gerar patch"
 
-#: gitk:8630
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "De:"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:9159
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Para:"
 
-#: gitk:8648
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Inverter"
 
-#: gitk:8650 gitk:8845
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Arquivo de saída:"
 
-#: gitk:8656
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Gerar"
 
-#: gitk:8694
+#: gitk:9214
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Erro ao criar patch:"
 
-#: gitk:8717 gitk:8833 gitk:8890
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8726
+#: gitk:9246
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Nome da etiqueta:"
 
-#: gitk:8729
+#: gitk:9249
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "A descrição da etiqueta é opcional"
 
-#: gitk:8731
+#: gitk:9251
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Descrição da etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:8735 gitk:8899
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Criar"
 
-#: gitk:8753
+#: gitk:9273
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Nome da etiqueta não indicado"
 
-#: gitk:8757
+#: gitk:9277
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Etiqueta \"%s\" já existe"
 
-#: gitk:8767
+#: gitk:9287
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Erro ao criar etiqueta:"
 
-#: gitk:8842
+#: gitk:9363
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Comando:"
 
-#: gitk:8850
+#: gitk:9371
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Exportar"
 
-#: gitk:8868
+#: gitk:9389
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Erro ao exportar revisão"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9416
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Nome:"
 
-#: gitk:8918
+#: gitk:9439
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Indique um nome para o novo ramo"
 
-#: gitk:8923
+#: gitk:9444
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "O ramo \"%s\" já existe. Sobrescrever?"
 
-#: gitk:8989
+#: gitk:9511
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr "Revisão %s já inclusa no ramo %s -- você realmente deseja reaplicá-la?"
 
-#: gitk:8994
+#: gitk:9516
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Cherry-picking"
 
-#: gitk:9003
+#: gitk:9525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -995,7 +1035,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Salve a uma revisão, redefina ou armazene (stash) suas mudanças e tente "
 "novamente."
 
-#: gitk:9009
+#: gitk:9531
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1003,32 +1043,61 @@ msgstr ""
 "O cherry-pick falhou porque houve um conflito na mesclagem.\n"
 "Executar o 'git citool' para resolvê-lo?"
 
-#: gitk:9025
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Nenhuma revisão foi salva"
 
-#: gitk:9051
+#: gitk:9574
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Revisão %s já inclusa no ramo %s -- você realmente deseja reaplicá-la?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Redefinindo"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"O cherry-pick falhou porque o arquivo \"%s\" possui mudanças locais.\n"
+"Salve a uma revisão, redefina ou armazene (stash) suas mudanças e tente "
+"novamente."
+
+#: gitk:9591
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"O cherry-pick falhou porque houve um conflito na mesclagem.\n"
+"Executar o 'git citool' para resolvê-lo?"
+
+#: gitk:9634
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Confirmar redefinição"
 
-#: gitk:9053
+#: gitk:9636
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Você realmente deseja redefinir o ramo %s para %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9055
+#: gitk:9638
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Tipo de redefinição"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9641
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Soft: deixa a árvore de trabalho e o índice intocados"
 
-#: gitk:9061
+#: gitk:9644
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Misto: Deixa a árvore de trabalho intocada, redefine o índice"
 
-#: gitk:9064
+#: gitk:9647
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1036,19 +1105,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hard: Redefine a árvore de trabalho e o índice\n"
 "(descarta TODAS as mudanças locais)"
 
-#: gitk:9081
+#: gitk:9664
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Redefinindo"
 
-#: gitk:9141
+#: gitk:9724
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Abrindo"
 
-#: gitk:9194
+#: gitk:9777
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Impossível excluir o ramo atualmente aberto"
 
-#: gitk:9200
+#: gitk:9783
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1057,16 +1126,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "As revisões do ramo \"%s\" não existem em nenhum outro ramo.\n"
 "Você realmente deseja excluir ramo \"%s\"?"
 
-#: gitk:9231
+#: gitk:9814
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Referências: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9246
+#: gitk:9829
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filtro"
 
-#: gitk:9541
+#: gitk:10125
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1074,204 +1143,230 @@ msgstr ""
 "Erro ao ler a topologia das revisões; as informações dos ramos e etiquetas "
 "antecessoras/sucessoras estarão incompletas"
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Etiqueta"
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10576
+#: gitk:11189
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Selecionar fontes do Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10593
+#: gitk:11206
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "B"
 
-#: gitk:10596
+#: gitk:11209
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "I"
 
-#: gitk:10714
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Preferências do Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10716
+#: gitk:11327
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Opções da lista de revisões"
 
-#: gitk:10719
+#: gitk:11330
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Largura máxima do grafo (linhas)"
 
-#: gitk:10722
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Largura máxima do grafo (% do painel)"
 
-#: gitk:10725
+#: gitk:11337
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Exibir mudanças locais"
 
-#: gitk:10728
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11340
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "Selecionar o SHA1 automaticamente"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11344
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Ocultar referências remotas"
 
-#: gitk:10735
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Opções de exibição das alterações"
 
-#: gitk:10737
+#: gitk:11350
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Espaços por tabulação"
 
-#: gitk:10740
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11353
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Exibir etiquetas próximas"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11359
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Limitar diferenças aos caminhos listados"
 
-#: gitk:10746
+#: gitk:11362
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Usar codificações distintas por arquivo"
 
-#: gitk:10752 gitk:10832
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Ferramenta 'diff' externa"
 
-#: gitk:10753
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Selecionar..."
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11374
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Opções gerais"
 
-#: gitk:10761
+#: gitk:11377
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Usar temas para as janelas"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11379
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(exige reinicialização)"
 
-#: gitk:10765
+#: gitk:11381
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(atualmente indisponível)"
 
-#: gitk:10769
+#: gitk:11392
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Cores: clique para escolher"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Interface"
 
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:11396
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "interface"
 
-#: gitk:10776
+#: gitk:11399
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Segundo plano"
 
-#: gitk:10777 gitk:10807
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "segundo plano"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11403
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Primeiro plano"
 
-#: gitk:10781
+#: gitk:11404
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "primeiro plano"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11407
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: linhas excluídas"
 
-#: gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11408
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "linhas excluídas"
 
-#: gitk:10789
+#: gitk:11412
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: linhas adicionadas"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "linhas adicionadas"
 
-#: gitk:10794
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: cabeçalho do bloco"
 
-#: gitk:10796
+#: gitk:11419
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "cabeçalho do bloco"
 
-#: gitk:10800
+#: gitk:11423
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "2º plano da linha marcada"
 
-#: gitk:10802
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "segundo plano da linha marcada"
 
-#: gitk:10806
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "2º plano da seleção"
 
-#: gitk:10810
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Fontes: clique para escolher"
 
-#: gitk:10812
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Fonte principal"
 
-#: gitk:10813
+#: gitk:11441
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Fonte da lista de mudanças"
 
-#: gitk:10814
+#: gitk:11442
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Fonte da interface"
 
-#: gitk:10842
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Preferências do Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Gerar"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: selecionar cor para %s"
 
-#: gitk:11445
+#: gitk:12242
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Não há nenhum repositório git aqui."
 
-#: gitk:11449
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Impossível encontrar o diretório git \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:12289
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr ""
 "O argumento \"%s\" é ambíguo (especifica tanto uma revisão e um nome de "
 "arquivo)"
 
-#: gitk:11508
+#: gitk:12301
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Argumentos incorretos para o gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:11604
+#: gitk:12405
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Linha de comando"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "Próximo"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "Anterior"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "DataR"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Impossível encontrar o diretório git \"%s\"."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/ru.po b/gitk-git/po/ru.po
index 59873033af..faba6721c1 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/ru.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/ru.po
@@ -5,315 +5,359 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gitk\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-04-24 16:00+0200\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-04-24 16:00+0200\n"
 "Last-Translator: Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: Russian\n"
+"Language: \n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:113
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Невозможно получить список файлов незавершённой операции слияния:"
+
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
 msgstr ""
-"Невозможно получить список файлов незавершённой операции слияния:"
 
-#: gitk:268
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Ошибка в идентификаторе версии:"
 
-#: gitk:323
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Ошибка выполнения команды заданной --argscmd:"
 
-#: gitk:336
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
-"Файлы не выбраны: указан --merge, но не было найдено ни одного файла "
-"где эта операция должна быть завершена."
+"Файлы не выбраны: указан --merge, но не было найдено ни одного файла где эта "
+"операция должна быть завершена."
 
-#: gitk:339
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
 msgstr ""
-"Файлы не выбраны: указан --merge, но в рамках указанного "
-"ограничения на имена файлов нет ни одного "
-"где эта операция должна быть завершена."
+"Файлы не выбраны: указан --merge, но в рамках указанного ограничения на "
+"имена файлов нет ни одного где эта операция должна быть завершена."
 
-#: gitk:361 gitk:508
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Ошибка запуска git log:"
 
-#: gitk:379
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Чтение"
 
-#: gitk:439 gitk:4021
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Чтение версий..."
 
-#: gitk:442 gitk:1560 gitk:4024
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Ничего не выбрано"
 
-#: gitk:1436
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Ошибка обработки вывода команды git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1656
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Нет информации о состоянии"
 
-#: gitk:1791 gitk:1815 gitk:3814 gitk:8478 gitk:10014 gitk:10186
+#: gitk:1897
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "Ok"
 
-#: gitk:1817 gitk:3816 gitk:8078 gitk:8152 gitk:8259 gitk:8308 gitk:8480
-#: gitk:10015 gitk:10187
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Отмена"
 
-#: gitk:1915
+#: gitk:2069
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Обновить"
 
-#: gitk:1916
+#: gitk:2070
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Перечитать"
 
-#: gitk:1917
+#: gitk:2071
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Обновить список ссылок"
 
-#: gitk:1918
+#: gitk:2072
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Список ссылок"
 
-#: gitk:1920
+#: gitk:2074
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "Запустить git gui"
 
-#: gitk:1922
+#: gitk:2076
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Завершить"
 
-#: gitk:1914
+#: gitk:2068
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Файл"
 
-#: gitk:1925
+#: gitk:2080
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Настройки"
 
-#: gitk:1924
+#: gitk:2079
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Редактировать"
 
-#: gitk:1928
+#: gitk:2084
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Новое представление..."
 
-#: gitk:1929
+#: gitk:2085
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Редактировать представление..."
 
-#: gitk:1930
+#: gitk:2086
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Удалить представление"
 
-#: gitk:1932
+#: gitk:2088
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Все файлы"
 
-#: gitk:1927 gitk:3626
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Представление"
 
-#: gitk:1935 gitk:2609
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "О gitk"
 
-#: gitk:1936
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Назначения клавиатуры"
 
-#: gitk:1934
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Подсказка"
 
-#: gitk:1994
-msgid "SHA1 ID: "
-msgstr "SHA1:"
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
 
-#: gitk:2025
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Строка"
 
-#: gitk:2056
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Поиск"
 
-#: gitk:2057
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "След."
-
-#: gitk:2058
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "Пред."
-
-#: gitk:2059
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "состояние"
 
-#: gitk:2062 gitk:2064 gitk:4179 gitk:4202 gitk:4226 gitk:6164 gitk:6236
-#: gitk:6320
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "содержащее:"
 
-#: gitk:2065 gitk:3117 gitk:3122 gitk:4254
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "касательно файлов:"
 
-#: gitk:2066 gitk:4259
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "добавив/удалив строку:"
 
-#: gitk:2075 gitk:2077
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Точно"
 
-#: gitk:2077 gitk:4334 gitk:6132
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "Игнорировать большие/маленькие"
 
-#: gitk:2077 gitk:4228 gitk:4332 gitk:6128
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Регулярные выражения"
 
-#: gitk:2079 gitk:2080 gitk:4353 gitk:4383 gitk:4390 gitk:6256 gitk:6324
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Во всех полях"
 
-#: gitk:2080 gitk:4351 gitk:4383 gitk:6195
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Заголовок"
 
-#: gitk:2081 gitk:4351 gitk:6195 gitk:6324 gitk:6737
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Комментарии"
 
-#: gitk:2081 gitk:4351 gitk:4355 gitk:4390 gitk:6195 gitk:6672 gitk:7923
-#: gitk:7938
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Автор"
 
-#: gitk:2081 gitk:4351 gitk:6195 gitk:6674
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Сохранивший состояние"
 
-#: gitk:2110
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Найти"
 
-#: gitk:2117
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Сравнить"
 
-#: gitk:2119
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Старая версия"
 
-#: gitk:2121
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Новая версия"
 
-#: gitk:2123
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Строк контекста"
 
-#: gitk:2133
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Игнорировать пробелы"
 
-#: gitk:2191
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Патч"
 
-#: gitk:2193
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Файлы"
 
-#: gitk:2326 gitk:2339
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Сравнить это состояние с выделенным"
 
-#: gitk:2327 gitk:2340
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Сравнить выделенное с этим состоянием"
 
-#: gitk:2328 gitk:2341
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Создать патч"
 
-#: gitk:2329 gitk:8136
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Создать метку"
 
-#: gitk:2330 gitk:8239
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Сохранить изменения в файл"
 
-#: gitk:2331 gitk:8296
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Создать ветвь"
 
-#: gitk:2332
+#: gitk:2622
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Скопировать это состояние"
 
-#: gitk:2333
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Установить HEAD на это состояние"
 
-#: gitk:2347
+#: gitk:2624
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Скопировать это состояние"
+
+#: gitk:2625
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2626
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2627
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Сравнить это состояние с выделенным"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Сравнить выделенное с этим состоянием"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Скопировать это состояние"
+
+#: gitk:2646
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Перейти на эту ветвь"
 
-#: gitk:2348
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Удалить эту ветвь"
 
-#: gitk:2355
+#: gitk:2654
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Подсветить этот тоже"
 
-#: gitk:2356
+#: gitk:2655
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Подсветить только этот"
 
-#: gitk:2357
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Программа сравнения"
 
-#: gitk:2358
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Аннотировать родительское состояние"
 
-#: gitk:2365
+#: gitk:2664
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Показать источник этой строки"
 
-#: gitk:2366
+#: gitk:2665
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Запустить git gui blame для этой строки"
 
-#: gitk:2611
+#: gitk:3011
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright \\u00a9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
@@ -324,497 +368,667 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Использование и распространение согласно условиям GNU General Public License"
 
-#: gitk:2619 gitk:2681 gitk:8661
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Закрыть"
 
-#: gitk:2638
+#: gitk:3040
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Назначения клавиатуры в Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2641
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Назначения клавиатуры в Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2643
+#: gitk:3045
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tЗавершить"
 
-#: gitk:2644
+#: gitk:3046
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tПоиск"
+
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tПерейти к первому состоянию"
 
-#: gitk:2645
+#: gitk:3048
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tПерейти к последнему состоянию"
 
-#: gitk:2646
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
+#: gitk:3049
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
 msgstr "<Up>, p, i\tПерейти к следующему состоянию"
 
-#: gitk:2647
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
+#: gitk:3050
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
 msgstr "<Down>, n, k\tПерейти к предыдущему состоянию"
 
-#: gitk:2648
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
+#: gitk:3051
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
 msgstr "<Left>, z, j\tПоказать ранее посещённое состояние"
 
-#: gitk:2649
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tПоказать следующее посещённое состояние"
 
-#: gitk:2650
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tПерейти на страницу выше в списке состояний"
 
-#: gitk:2651
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tПерейти на страницу ниже в списке состояний"
 
-#: gitk:2652
+#: gitk:3056
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tПоказать начало списка состояний"
 
-#: gitk:2653
+#: gitk:3057
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tПоказать конец списка состояний"
 
-#: gitk:2654
+#: gitk:3058
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Up>\tПровернуть список состояний вверх"
 
-#: gitk:2655
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Down>\tПровернуть список состояний вниз"
 
-#: gitk:2656
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tПровернуть список состояний на страницу вверх"
 
-#: gitk:2657
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tПровернуть список состояний на страницу вниз"
 
-#: gitk:2658
+#: gitk:3062
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
-msgstr ""
-"<Shift-Up>\tПоиск в обратном порядке (вверх, среди новых состояний)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tПоиск в обратном порядке (вверх, среди новых состояний)"
 
-#: gitk:2659
+#: gitk:3063
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Shift-Down>\tПоиск (вниз, среди старых состояний)"
 
-#: gitk:2660
+#: gitk:3064
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tПрокрутить список изменений на страницу выше"
 
-#: gitk:2661
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Backspace>\tПрокрутить список изменений на страницу выше"
 
-#: gitk:2662
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Leertaste>\t\tПрокрутить список изменений на страницу ниже"
 
-#: gitk:2663
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tПрокрутить список изменений на 18 строк вверх"
 
-#: gitk:2664
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tПрокрутить список изменений на 18 строк вниз"
 
-#: gitk:2665
+#: gitk:3069
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tПоиск"
 
-#: gitk:2666
+#: gitk:3070
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tПерейти к следующему найденному состоянию"
 
-#: gitk:2667
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\tПерейти к следующему найденному состоянию"
 
-#: gitk:2668
+#: gitk:3072
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tПерейти к полю поиска"
 
-#: gitk:2669
+#: gitk:3073
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tПерейти к предыдущему найденному состоянию"
 
-#: gitk:2670
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tПрокрутить список изменений к следующему файлу"
 
-#: gitk:2671
+#: gitk:3075
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tПродолжить поиск в списке изменений"
 
-#: gitk:2672
+#: gitk:3076
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tПерейти к предыдущему найденному тексту в списке изменений"
 
-#: gitk:2673
+#: gitk:3077
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tУвеличить размер шрифта"
 
-#: gitk:2674
+#: gitk:3078
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tУвеличить размер шрифта"
 
-#: gitk:2675
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-KP->\tУменьшить размер шрифта"
 
-#: gitk:2676
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tУменьшить размер шрифта"
 
-#: gitk:2677
+#: gitk:3081
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tОбновить"
 
-#: gitk:3132
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
-msgstr "Ошибка получения \"%s\" из %s:"
-
-#: gitk:3189 gitk:3198
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Ошибка создания временного каталога %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3211
+#: gitk:3568
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Ошибка получения \"%s\" из %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3631
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "ошибка выполнения команды:"
 
-#: gitk:3357
+#: gitk:3780
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Состояние не найдено"
 
-#: gitk:3371
+#: gitk:3794
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: ошибка выполнения команды:"
 
-#: gitk:3402
+#: gitk:3825
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Ошибка чтения MERGE_HEAD: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3410
+#: gitk:3833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Ошибка чтения индекса: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3435
+#: gitk:3858
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Ошибка запуска git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3438 gitk:6163
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Поиск"
 
-#: gitk:3470
+#: gitk:3893
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Ошибка выполнения git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3498
+#: gitk:3921
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr ""
-"Эта строка принадлежит состоянию %s, которое не показано в этом "
-"представлении"
+"Эта строка принадлежит состоянию %s, которое не показано в этом представлении"
 
-#: gitk:3512
+#: gitk:3935
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Ошибка выполнения программы сравнения:"
 
-#: gitk:3630
+#: gitk:4053
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Gitk определение представлений"
 
-#: gitk:3634
+#: gitk:4057
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Запомнить представление"
 
-#: gitk:3635
-msgid "Commits to include (arguments to git log):"
-msgstr "Включить состояния (аргументы для git-log):"
+#: gitk:4058
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4059
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:3636
-msgid "Use all refs"
-msgstr "Использовать все ветви"
+#: gitk:4060
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Все файлы"
 
-#: gitk:3637
-msgid "Strictly sort by date"
-msgstr "Строгая сортировка по дате"
+#: gitk:4061
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:3638
-msgid "Mark branch sides"
-msgstr "Отметить стороны ветвей"
+#: gitk:4062
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4063
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4064
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4065
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Автор"
+
+#: gitk:4066
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Сохранивший состояние"
+
+#: gitk:4067
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4068
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4069
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4070
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4071
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4072
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:3639
-msgid "Since date:"
+#: gitk:4073
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Поиск"
+
+#: gitk:4074
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4075
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "С даты:"
 
-#: gitk:3640
-msgid "Until date:"
+#: gitk:4076
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "По дату:"
 
-#: gitk:3641
-msgid "Max count:"
-msgstr "Макс. количество:"
+#: gitk:4077
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4078
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4079
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4080
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4081
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Строгая сортировка по дате"
 
-#: gitk:3642
-msgid "Skip:"
-msgstr "Пропустить:"
+#: gitk:4082
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Отметить стороны ветвей"
 
-#: gitk:3643
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Ограничить первым предком"
 
-#: gitk:3644
-msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
-msgstr "Дополнительная команда для списка состояний:"
+#: gitk:4084
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:3753
-msgid "Name"
-msgstr "Имя"
+#: gitk:4085
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Включить состояния (аргументы для git-log):"
 
-#: gitk:3801
+#: gitk:4086
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Файлы и каталоги для ограничения истории, по одному на строку:"
 
-#: gitk:3815
+#: gitk:4087
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Дополнительная команда для списка состояний:"
+
+#: gitk:4211
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:4219
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "Ошибка в идентификаторе версии:"
+
+#: gitk:4224
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Представление"
+
+#: gitk:4299
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Применить (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:3853
+#: gitk:4337
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Ошибка в параметрах выбора состояний:"
 
-#: gitk:3906 gitk:3958 gitk:4403 gitk:4417 gitk:5675 gitk:10867 gitk:10868
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Ни одного"
 
-#: gitk:4351 gitk:6195 gitk:7925 gitk:7940
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Дата"
-
-#: gitk:4351 gitk:6195
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Дата ввода"
-
-#: gitk:4500 gitk:4505
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Порождённое"
 
-#: gitk:4501
+#: gitk:5004
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Не порождённое"
 
-#: gitk:4508 gitk:4513
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Предок"
 
-#: gitk:4509
+#: gitk:5012
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Не предок"
 
-#: gitk:4799
+#: gitk:5306
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Изменения зарегистрированные в индексе, но не сохранённые"
 
-#: gitk:4835
+#: gitk:5342
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Изменения в рабочем каталоге, не зарегистрированные в индексе"
 
-#: gitk:6676
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7118
+msgid "many"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:7309
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Таги:"
 
-#: gitk:6693 gitk:6699 gitk:7918
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Предок"
 
-#: gitk:6704
+#: gitk:7337
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Потомок"
 
-#: gitk:6713
+#: gitk:7346
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Ветвь"
 
-#: gitk:6716
+#: gitk:7349
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Следует за"
 
-#: gitk:6719
+#: gitk:7352
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Предшествует"
 
-#: gitk:7212
+#: gitk:7947
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Ошибка получения изменений: %s"
 
-#: gitk:7751
+#: gitk:8631
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Перейти к:"
 
-#: gitk:7753
-msgid "SHA1 ID:"
-msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
-
-#: gitk:7772
+#: gitk:8652
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Сокращённый SHA1 идентификатор %s неоднозначен"
 
-#: gitk:7784
+#: gitk:8659
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "SHA1 идентификатор %s не найден"
+
+#: gitk:8669
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA1 идентификатор %s не найден"
 
-#: gitk:7786
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
-msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
-msgstr "Метка или ветвь %s не найдена"
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr ""
 
-#: gitk:7928
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Дата"
+
+#: gitk:8816
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Потомки"
 
-#: gitk:7985
+#: gitk:8879
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Установить ветвь %s на это состояние"
 
-#: gitk:7987
+#: gitk:8881
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Состояние не принадлежит ни одной ветви, переход невозможен"
 
-#: gitk:8019
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Ошибка создания патча:"
+
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "состояние"
+
+#: gitk:9016
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9024
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9026
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9066
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Ошибка сохранения состояния:"
+
+#: gitk:9072
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Ошибка сохранения состояния:"
+
+#: gitk:9118
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Верх"
 
-#: gitk:8020
+#: gitk:9119
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "От"
 
-#: gitk:8025
+#: gitk:9124
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "До"
 
-#: gitk:8049
+#: gitk:9148
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Создать патч"
 
-#: gitk:8051
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "От:"
 
-#: gitk:8060
+#: gitk:9159
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "До:"
 
-#: gitk:8069
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "В обратном порядке"
 
-#: gitk:8071 gitk:8253
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Файл для сохранения:"
 
-#: gitk:8077
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Создать"
 
-#: gitk:8115
+#: gitk:9214
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Ошибка создания патча:"
 
-#: gitk:8138 gitk:8241 gitk:8298
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "ID:"
 
-#: gitk:8147
+#: gitk:9246
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Имя метки:"
 
-#: gitk:8151 gitk:8307
+#: gitk:9249
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:9251
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Имя метки:"
+
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Создать"
 
-#: gitk:8168
+#: gitk:9273
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Не задано имя метки"
 
-#: gitk:8172
+#: gitk:9277
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Метка \"%s\" уже существует"
 
-#: gitk:8178
+#: gitk:9287
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Ошибка создания метки:"
 
-#: gitk:8250
+#: gitk:9363
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Команда:"
 
-#: gitk:8258
+#: gitk:9371
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Запись"
 
-#: gitk:8276
+#: gitk:9389
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Ошибка сохранения состояния:"
 
-#: gitk:8303
+#: gitk:9416
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Имя:"
 
-#: gitk:8326
+#: gitk:9439
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Укажите имя для новой ветви"
 
-#: gitk:8331
+#: gitk:9444
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Ветвь '%s' уже существует. Переписать?"
 
-#: gitk:8397
+#: gitk:9511
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
-msgstr ""
-"Состояние %s уже принадлежит ветви %s. Продолжить операцию?"
+msgstr "Состояние %s уже принадлежит ветви %s. Продолжить операцию?"
 
-#: gitk:8402
+#: gitk:9516
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Копирование изменений"
 
-#: gitk:8411
+#: gitk:9525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -823,61 +1037,88 @@ msgstr ""
 "Копирование невозможно из-за изменений в файле '%s'.\n"
 "Сохраните или отмените изменения и повторите операцию."
 
-#: gitk:8417
+#: gitk:9531
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
 msgstr ""
-"Копирование изменений невозможно из-за незавершённой операции "
-"слияния.\nЗапустить git citool для завершения этой операции?"
+"Копирование изменений невозможно из-за незавершённой операции слияния.\n"
+"Запустить git citool для завершения этой операции?"
 
-#: gitk:8433
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Изменения не сохранены"
 
-#: gitk:8459
+#: gitk:9574
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Состояние %s уже принадлежит ветви %s. Продолжить операцию?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Установка"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, fuzzy, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Копирование невозможно из-за изменений в файле '%s'.\n"
+"Сохраните или отмените изменения и повторите операцию."
+
+#: gitk:9591
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Копирование изменений невозможно из-за незавершённой операции слияния.\n"
+"Запустить git citool для завершения этой операции?"
+
+#: gitk:9634
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Подтвердите операцию перехода"
 
-#: gitk:8461
+#: gitk:9636
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Установить ветвь %s на состояние %s?"
 
-#: gitk:8465
+#: gitk:9638
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Тип операции перехода:"
 
-#: gitk:8469
+#: gitk:9641
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Лёгкий: оставить рабочий каталог и индекс неизменными"
 
-#: gitk:8472
+#: gitk:9644
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
-msgstr ""
-"Смешанный: оставить рабочий каталог неизменным, установить индекс"
+msgstr "Смешанный: оставить рабочий каталог неизменным, установить индекс"
 
-#: gitk:8475
+#: gitk:9647
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
 msgstr ""
 "Жесткий: переписать индекс и рабочий каталог\n"
-"(все изменения в рабочем каталоги будут потеряны)"
+"(все изменения в рабочем каталоге будут потеряны)"
 
-#: gitk:8492
+#: gitk:9664
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Установка"
 
-#: gitk:8549
+#: gitk:9724
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Переход"
 
-#: gitk:8602
+#: gitk:9777
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Активная ветвь не может быть удалена"
 
-#: gitk:8608
+#: gitk:9783
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -886,200 +1127,272 @@ msgstr ""
 "Состояния ветви %s больше не принадлежат никакой другой ветви.\n"
 "Действительно удалить ветвь %s?"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:9814
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Метки и ветви: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8654
+#: gitk:9829
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Фильтровать"
 
-#: gitk:8949
+#: gitk:10125
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
 msgstr ""
-"Ошибка чтения истории проекта; информация о ветвях и состояниях "
-"вокруг меток (до/после) может быть неполной."
+"Ошибка чтения истории проекта; информация о ветвях и состояниях вокруг меток "
+"(до/после) может быть неполной."
 
-#: gitk:9935
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Метка"
 
-#: gitk:9935
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:9983
+#: gitk:11189
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Шрифт Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10000
+#: gitk:11206
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "Ж"
 
-#: gitk:10003
+#: gitk:11209
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "К"
 
-#: gitk:10098
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Настройки Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10100
+#: gitk:11327
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Параметры показа списка состояний"
 
-#: gitk:10103
+#: gitk:11330
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Макс. ширина графа (строк)"
 
-#: gitk:10107
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Макс. ширина графа (% ширины панели)"
 
-#: gitk:10111
+#: gitk:11337
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Показывать изменения в рабочем каталоге"
 
-#: gitk:10114
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
+#: gitk:11340
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
 msgstr "Выделить SHA1"
 
-#: gitk:10118
+#: gitk:11344
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Параметры показа изменений"
 
-#: gitk:10120
+#: gitk:11350
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Ширина табуляции"
 
-#: gitk:10123
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
+#: gitk:11353
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
 msgstr "Показывать близкие метки"
 
-#: gitk:10126
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11359
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Ограничить показ изменений выбранными файлами"
 
-#: gitk:10129
+#: gitk:11362
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Поддержка кодировок в отдельных файлах"
 
-#: gitk:10135
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Программа для показа изменений"
 
-#: gitk:10137
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Выберите..."
 
-#: gitk:10142
+#: gitk:11374
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Создать патч"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11379
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11381
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11392
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Цвета: нажмите для выбора"
 
-#: gitk:10145
+#: gitk:11395
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11396
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "Шрифт интерфейса"
+
+#: gitk:11399
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Фон"
 
-#: gitk:10146 gitk:10176
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "фон"
 
-#: gitk:10149
+#: gitk:11403
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Передний план"
 
-#: gitk:10150
+#: gitk:11404
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "передний план"
 
-#: gitk:10153
+#: gitk:11407
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Изменения: старый текст"
 
-#: gitk:10154
+#: gitk:11408
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "старый текст изменения"
 
-#: gitk:10158
+#: gitk:11412
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Изменения: новый текст"
 
-#: gitk:10159
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "новый текст изменения"
 
-#: gitk:10163
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Изменения: заголовок блока"
 
-#: gitk:10165
+#: gitk:11419
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "заголовок блока изменений"
 
-#: gitk:10169
+#: gitk:11423
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Фон выбранной строки"
 
-#: gitk:10171
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "фон выбранной строки"
 
-#: gitk:10175
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Выберите фон"
 
-#: gitk:10179
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Шрифт: нажмите для выбора"
 
-#: gitk:10181
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Основной шрифт"
 
-#: gitk:10182
+#: gitk:11441
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Шрифт показа изменений"
 
-#: gitk:10183
+#: gitk:11442
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Шрифт интерфейса"
 
-#: gitk:10210
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Настройки Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Создать"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:11525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: выберите цвет для %s"
 
-#: gitk:10656
-msgid ""
-"Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
-" Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
-msgstr ""
-"К сожалению gitk не может работать с этой версий Tcl/Tk.\n"
-"Требуется как минимум Tcl/Tk 8.4."
-
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:12242
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Git-репозитарий не найден в текущем каталоге."
 
-#: gitk:10777
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Git-репозитарий \"%s\" не найден."
-
-#: gitk:10824
+#: gitk:12289
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Неоднозначный аргумент '%s': существует как версия и имя файла"
 
-#: gitk:10836
+#: gitk:12301
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Неправильные аргументы для gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:10896
+#: gitk:12405
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Командная строка"
 
+#~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
+#~ msgstr "SHA1:"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "След."
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "Пред."
+
+#~ msgid "Use all refs"
+#~ msgstr "Использовать все ветви"
+
+#~ msgid "Max count:"
+#~ msgstr "Макс. количество:"
+
+#~ msgid "Skip:"
+#~ msgstr "Пропустить:"
+
+#~ msgid "Name"
+#~ msgstr "Имя"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Дата ввода"
+
+#~ msgid "Tag/Head %s is not known"
+#~ msgstr "Метка или ветвь %s не найдена"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Sorry, gitk cannot run with this version of Tcl/Tk.\n"
+#~ " Gitk requires at least Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "К сожалению gitk не может работать с этой версий Tcl/Tk.\n"
+#~ "Требуется как минимум Tcl/Tk 8.4."
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Git-репозитарий \"%s\" не найден."
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/sv.po b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
index 2f07a2e2d9..0994d87c28 100644
--- a/gitk-git/po/sv.po
+++ b/gitk-git/po/sv.po
@@ -1,40 +1,50 @@
 # Swedish translation for gitk
-# Copyright (C) 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras
+# Copyright (C) 2005-2013 Paul Mackerras
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
 #
-# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008-2010.
 # Mikael Magnusson <mikachu@gmail.com>, 2008.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013.
+#
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: sv\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-09-12 21:14+0100\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-12 21:16+0100\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-05-16 08:12+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
 "Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
+"Language: sv\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
-#: gitk:115
+#: gitk:140
 msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
 msgstr "Kunde inte hämta lista över ej sammanslagna filer:"
 
-#: gitk:274
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Färga ord"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Märk upp ord"
+
+#: gitk:324
 msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
 msgstr "Fel vid tolkning av revisioner:"
 
-#: gitk:330
+#: gitk:380
 msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av --argscmd-kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:343
+#: gitk:393
 msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer som inte har "
 "slagits samman."
 
-#: gitk:346
+#: gitk:396
 msgid ""
 "No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
 "limit."
@@ -42,605 +52,628 @@ msgstr ""
 "Inga filer valdes: --merge angavs men det finns inga filer inom "
 "filbegränsningen."
 
-#: gitk:368 gitk:516
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
 msgid "Error executing git log:"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git log:"
 
-#: gitk:386 gitk:532
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
 msgid "Reading"
 msgstr "Läser"
 
-#: gitk:446 gitk:4271
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
 msgid "Reading commits..."
 msgstr "Läser incheckningar..."
 
-#: gitk:449 gitk:1580 gitk:4274
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
 msgid "No commits selected"
 msgstr "Inga incheckningar markerade"
 
-#: gitk:1456
+#: gitk:1511
 msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
 msgstr "Kan inte tolka utdata från git log:"
 
-#: gitk:1676
+#: gitk:1740
 msgid "No commit information available"
 msgstr "Ingen incheckningsinformation är tillgänglig"
 
-#: gitk:1818
+#: gitk:1897
 msgid "mc"
 msgstr "mc"
 
-#: gitk:1853 gitk:4064 gitk:9067 gitk:10607 gitk:10817
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
 msgid "OK"
 msgstr "OK"
 
-#: gitk:1855 gitk:4066 gitk:8657 gitk:8736 gitk:8851 gitk:8900 gitk:9069
-#: gitk:10608 gitk:10818
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
 msgid "Cancel"
 msgstr "Avbryt"
 
-#: gitk:1980
+#: gitk:2069
 msgid "Update"
 msgstr "Uppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:1981
+#: gitk:2070
 msgid "Reload"
 msgstr "Ladda om"
 
-#: gitk:1982
+#: gitk:2071
 msgid "Reread references"
 msgstr "Läs om referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1983
+#: gitk:2072
 msgid "List references"
 msgstr "Visa referenser"
 
-#: gitk:1985
+#: gitk:2074
 msgid "Start git gui"
 msgstr "Starta git gui"
 
-#: gitk:1987
+#: gitk:2076
 msgid "Quit"
 msgstr "Avsluta"
 
-#: gitk:1979
+#: gitk:2068
 msgid "File"
 msgstr "Arkiv"
 
-#: gitk:1991
+#: gitk:2080
 msgid "Preferences"
 msgstr "Inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:1990
+#: gitk:2079
 msgid "Edit"
 msgstr "Redigera"
 
-#: gitk:1995
+#: gitk:2084
 msgid "New view..."
 msgstr "Ny vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1996
+#: gitk:2085
 msgid "Edit view..."
 msgstr "Ändra vy..."
 
-#: gitk:1997
+#: gitk:2086
 msgid "Delete view"
 msgstr "Ta bort vy"
 
-#: gitk:1999
+#: gitk:2088
 msgid "All files"
 msgstr "Alla filer"
 
-#: gitk:1994 gitk:3817
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
 msgid "View"
 msgstr "Visa"
 
-#: gitk:2004 gitk:2014 gitk:2787
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
 msgid "About gitk"
 msgstr "Om gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2005 gitk:2019
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
 msgid "Key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar"
 
-#: gitk:2003 gitk:2018
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
 msgid "Help"
 msgstr "Hjälp"
 
-#: gitk:2096 gitk:8132
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
 msgid "SHA1 ID:"
 msgstr "SHA1-id:"
 
-#: gitk:2127
+#: gitk:2229
 msgid "Row"
 msgstr "Rad"
 
-#: gitk:2165
+#: gitk:2267
 msgid "Find"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2166
-msgid "next"
-msgstr "nästa"
-
-#: gitk:2167
-msgid "prev"
-msgstr "föreg"
-
-#: gitk:2168
+#: gitk:2295
 msgid "commit"
 msgstr "incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2171 gitk:2173 gitk:4432 gitk:4455 gitk:4479 gitk:6420 gitk:6492
-#: gitk:6576
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
 msgid "containing:"
 msgstr "som innehåller:"
 
-#: gitk:2174 gitk:3298 gitk:3303 gitk:4507
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
 msgid "touching paths:"
 msgstr "som rör sökväg:"
 
-#: gitk:2175 gitk:4512
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
 msgid "adding/removing string:"
 msgstr "som lägger/till tar bort sträng:"
 
-#: gitk:2184 gitk:2186
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "ändrar rader som matchar:"
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
 msgid "Exact"
 msgstr "Exakt"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4587 gitk:6388
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
 msgid "IgnCase"
 msgstr "IgnVersaler"
 
-#: gitk:2186 gitk:4481 gitk:4585 gitk:6384
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
 msgid "Regexp"
 msgstr "Reg.uttr."
 
-#: gitk:2188 gitk:2189 gitk:4606 gitk:4636 gitk:4643 gitk:6512 gitk:6580
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
 msgid "All fields"
 msgstr "Alla fält"
 
-#: gitk:2189 gitk:4604 gitk:4636 gitk:6451
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
 msgid "Headline"
 msgstr "Rubrik"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6580 gitk:7013
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
 msgid "Comments"
 msgstr "Kommentarer"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:4608 gitk:4643 gitk:6451 gitk:6948 gitk:8307
-#: gitk:8322
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
 msgid "Author"
 msgstr "Författare"
 
-#: gitk:2190 gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:6950
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
 msgid "Committer"
 msgstr "Incheckare"
 
-#: gitk:2221
+#: gitk:2350
 msgid "Search"
 msgstr "Sök"
 
-#: gitk:2229
+#: gitk:2358
 msgid "Diff"
 msgstr "Diff"
 
-#: gitk:2231
+#: gitk:2360
 msgid "Old version"
 msgstr "Gammal version"
 
-#: gitk:2233
+#: gitk:2362
 msgid "New version"
 msgstr "Ny version"
 
-#: gitk:2235
+#: gitk:2364
 msgid "Lines of context"
 msgstr "Rader sammanhang"
 
-#: gitk:2245
+#: gitk:2374
 msgid "Ignore space change"
 msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
 
-#: gitk:2304
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Rad-diff"
+
+#: gitk:2445
 msgid "Patch"
 msgstr "Patch"
 
-#: gitk:2306
+#: gitk:2447
 msgid "Tree"
 msgstr "Träd"
 
-#: gitk:2463 gitk:2480
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
 msgid "Diff this -> selected"
 msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad"
 
-#: gitk:2464 gitk:2481
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
 msgid "Diff selected -> this"
 msgstr "Diff markerad -> denna"
 
-#: gitk:2465 gitk:2482
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
 msgid "Make patch"
 msgstr "Skapa patch"
 
-#: gitk:2466 gitk:8715
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
 msgid "Create tag"
 msgstr "Skapa tagg"
 
-#: gitk:2467 gitk:8831
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
 msgid "Write commit to file"
 msgstr "Skriv incheckning till fil"
 
-#: gitk:2468 gitk:8888
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
 msgid "Create new branch"
 msgstr "Skapa ny gren"
 
-#: gitk:2469
+#: gitk:2622
 msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
 msgstr "Plocka denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2470
+#: gitk:2623
 msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ HEAD-grenen hit"
 
-#: gitk:2471
+#: gitk:2624
 msgid "Mark this commit"
 msgstr "Markera denna incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2472
+#: gitk:2625
 msgid "Return to mark"
 msgstr "Återgå till markering"
 
-#: gitk:2473
+#: gitk:2626
 msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
 msgstr "Hitta efterföljare till denna och markera"
 
-#: gitk:2474
+#: gitk:2627
 msgid "Compare with marked commit"
 msgstr "Jämför med markerad incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2488
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "Diff denna -> markerad incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "Diff markerad incheckning -> denna"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Ångra denna incheckning"
+
+#: gitk:2646
 msgid "Check out this branch"
 msgstr "Checka ut denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2489
+#: gitk:2647
 msgid "Remove this branch"
 msgstr "Ta bort denna gren"
 
-#: gitk:2496
+#: gitk:2654
 msgid "Highlight this too"
 msgstr "Markera även detta"
 
-#: gitk:2497
+#: gitk:2655
 msgid "Highlight this only"
 msgstr "Markera bara detta"
 
-#: gitk:2498
+#: gitk:2656
 msgid "External diff"
 msgstr "Extern diff"
 
-#: gitk:2499
+#: gitk:2657
 msgid "Blame parent commit"
 msgstr "Klandra föräldraincheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2506
+#: gitk:2664
 msgid "Show origin of this line"
 msgstr "Visa ursprunget för den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2507
+#: gitk:2665
 msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
 msgstr "Kör git gui blame på den här raden"
 
-#: gitk:2789
+#: gitk:3011
+#, fuzzy
 msgid ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "Gitk - en incheckningsvisare för git\n"
 "\n"
-"Copyright ©9 2005-2010 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"Copyright ©9 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras\n"
 "\n"
 "Använd och vidareförmedla enligt villkoren i GNU General Public License"
 
-#: gitk:2797 gitk:2862 gitk:9253
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
 msgid "Close"
 msgstr "Stäng"
 
-#: gitk:2818
+#: gitk:3040
 msgid "Gitk key bindings"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:2821
+#: gitk:3043
 msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
 msgstr "Tangentbordsbindningar för Gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:2823
+#: gitk:3045
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
 msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tAvsluta"
 
-#: gitk:2824
+#: gitk:3046
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
 msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tStäng fönster"
 
-#: gitk:2825
+#: gitk:3047
 msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
 msgstr "<Home>\t\tGå till första incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2826
+#: gitk:3048
 msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
 msgstr "<End>\t\tGå till sista incheckning"
 
-#: gitk:2827
-msgid "<Up>, p, i\tMove up one commit"
-msgstr "<Upp>, p, i\tGå en incheckning upp"
+#: gitk:3049
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Upp>, p, k\tGå en incheckning upp"
 
-#: gitk:2828
-msgid "<Down>, n, k\tMove down one commit"
-msgstr "<Ned>, n, k\tGå en incheckning ned"
+#: gitk:3050
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Ned>, n, j\tGå en incheckning ned"
 
-#: gitk:2829
-msgid "<Left>, z, j\tGo back in history list"
-msgstr "<Vänster>, z, j\tGå bakåt i historiken"
+#: gitk:3051
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Vänster>, z, h\tGå bakåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2830
+#: gitk:3052
 msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
 msgstr "<Höger>, x, l\tGå framåt i historiken"
 
-#: gitk:2831
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
 msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageUp>\tGå upp en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2832
+#: gitk:3055
 msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
 msgstr "<PageDown>\tGå ned en sida i incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2833
+#: gitk:3056
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-Home>\tRulla till början av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2834
+#: gitk:3057
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
 msgstr "<%s-End>\tRulla till slutet av incheckningslistan"
 
-#: gitk:2835
+#: gitk:3058
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Upp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2836
+#: gitk:3059
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
 msgstr "<%s-Ned>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned ett steg"
 
-#: gitk:2837
+#: gitk:3060
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tRulla incheckningslistan upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2838
+#: gitk:3061
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
 msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tRulla incheckningslistan ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2839
+#: gitk:3062
 msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Upp>\tSök bakåt (uppåt, senare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2840
+#: gitk:3063
 msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
 msgstr "<Skift-Ned>\tSök framåt (nedåt, tidigare incheckningar)"
 
-#: gitk:2841
+#: gitk:3064
 msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Delete>, b\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2842
+#: gitk:3065
 msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
 msgstr "<Baksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen upp en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2843
+#: gitk:3066
 msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
 msgstr "<Blanksteg>\tRulla diffvisningen ned en sida"
 
-#: gitk:2844
+#: gitk:3067
 msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
 msgstr "u\t\tRulla diffvisningen upp 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2845
+#: gitk:3068
 msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
 msgstr "d\t\tRulla diffvisningen ned 18 rader"
 
-#: gitk:2846
+#: gitk:3069
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
 msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tSök"
 
-#: gitk:2847
+#: gitk:3070
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2848
+#: gitk:3071
 msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
 msgstr "<Return>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2849
+#: gitk:3072
 msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
 msgstr "/\t\tFokusera sökrutan"
 
-#: gitk:2850
+#: gitk:3073
 msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
 msgstr "?\t\tGå till föregående sökträff"
 
-#: gitk:2851
+#: gitk:3074
 msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
 msgstr "f\t\tRulla diffvisningen till nästa fil"
 
-#: gitk:2852
+#: gitk:3075
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tGå till nästa sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2853
+#: gitk:3076
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
 msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tGå till föregående sökträff i diffvisningen"
 
-#: gitk:2854
+#: gitk:3077
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num+>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2855
+#: gitk:3078
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-plus>\tÖka teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2856
+#: gitk:3079
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-Num->\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2857
+#: gitk:3080
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
 msgstr "<%s-minus>\tMinska teckenstorlek"
 
-#: gitk:2858
+#: gitk:3081
 msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
 msgstr "<F5>\t\tUppdatera"
 
-#: gitk:3313 gitk:3322
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av temporär katalog %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3335
+#: gitk:3568
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av  \"%s\" från %s:"
 
-#: gitk:3398
+#: gitk:3631
 msgid "command failed:"
 msgstr "kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3547
+#: gitk:3780
 msgid "No such commit"
 msgstr "Incheckning saknas"
 
-#: gitk:3561
+#: gitk:3794
 msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
 msgstr "git gui blame: kommando misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3592
+#: gitk:3825
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte läsa sammanslagningshuvud: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3600
+#: gitk:3833
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error reading index: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid läsning av index: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3625
+#: gitk:3858
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Kunde inte starta git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3628 gitk:6419
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
 msgid "Searching"
 msgstr "Söker"
 
-#: gitk:3660
+#: gitk:3893
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid körning av git blame: %s"
 
-#: gitk:3688
+#: gitk:3921
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
 msgstr "Raden kommer från incheckningen %s, som inte finns i denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3702
+#: gitk:3935
 msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg misslyckades:"
 
-#: gitk:3820
+#: gitk:4053
 msgid "Gitk view definition"
 msgstr "Definition av Gitk-vy"
 
-#: gitk:3824
+#: gitk:4057
 msgid "Remember this view"
 msgstr "Spara denna vy"
 
-#: gitk:3825
+#: gitk:4058
 msgid "References (space separated list):"
 msgstr "Referenser (blankstegsavdelad lista):"
 
-#: gitk:3826
+#: gitk:4059
 msgid "Branches & tags:"
 msgstr "Grenar & taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:3827
+#: gitk:4060
 msgid "All refs"
 msgstr "Alla referenser"
 
-#: gitk:3828
+#: gitk:4061
 msgid "All (local) branches"
 msgstr "Alla (lokala) grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3829
+#: gitk:4062
 msgid "All tags"
 msgstr "Alla taggar"
 
-#: gitk:3830
+#: gitk:4063
 msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
 msgstr "Alla fjärrspårande grenar"
 
-#: gitk:3831
+#: gitk:4064
 msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
 msgstr "Incheckningsinfo (reguljära uttryck):"
 
-#: gitk:3832
+#: gitk:4065
 msgid "Author:"
 msgstr "Författare:"
 
-#: gitk:3833
+#: gitk:4066
 msgid "Committer:"
 msgstr "Incheckare:"
 
-#: gitk:3834
+#: gitk:4067
 msgid "Commit Message:"
 msgstr "Incheckningsmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:3835
+#: gitk:4068
 msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
 msgstr "Motsvarar alla kriterier för incheckningsinfo"
 
-#: gitk:3836
+#: gitk:4069
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Motsvarar alla kriterier för incheckningsinfo"
+
+#: gitk:4070
 msgid "Changes to Files:"
 msgstr "Ändringar av filer:"
 
-#: gitk:3837
+#: gitk:4071
 msgid "Fixed String"
 msgstr "Fast sträng"
 
-#: gitk:3838
+#: gitk:4072
 msgid "Regular Expression"
 msgstr "Reguljärt uttryck"
 
-#: gitk:3839
+#: gitk:4073
 msgid "Search string:"
 msgstr "Söksträng:"
 
-#: gitk:3840
+#: gitk:4074
 msgid ""
 "Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
@@ -648,201 +681,201 @@ msgstr ""
 "Incheckingsdatum (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
 "15:27:38\"):"
 
-#: gitk:3841
+#: gitk:4075
 msgid "Since:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:3842
+#: gitk:4076
 msgid "Until:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:3843
+#: gitk:4077
 msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
 msgstr "Begränsa och/eller hoppa över ett antal revisioner (positivt heltal):"
 
-#: gitk:3844
+#: gitk:4078
 msgid "Number to show:"
 msgstr "Antal att visa:"
 
-#: gitk:3845
+#: gitk:4079
 msgid "Number to skip:"
 msgstr "Antal att hoppa över:"
 
-#: gitk:3846
+#: gitk:4080
 msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
 msgstr "Diverse alternativ:"
 
-#: gitk:3847
+#: gitk:4081
 msgid "Strictly sort by date"
 msgstr "Strikt datumsortering"
 
-#: gitk:3848
+#: gitk:4082
 msgid "Mark branch sides"
 msgstr "Markera sidogrenar"
 
-#: gitk:3849
+#: gitk:4083
 msgid "Limit to first parent"
 msgstr "Begränsa till första förälder"
 
-#: gitk:3850
+#: gitk:4084
 msgid "Simple history"
 msgstr "Enkel historik"
 
-#: gitk:3851
+#: gitk:4085
 msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
 msgstr "Ytterligare argument till git log:"
 
-#: gitk:3852
+#: gitk:4086
 msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
 msgstr "Ange filer och kataloger att ta med, en per rad:"
 
-#: gitk:3853
+#: gitk:4087
 msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
 msgstr "Kommando för att generera fler incheckningar att ta med:"
 
-#: gitk:3977
+#: gitk:4211
 msgid "Gitk: edit view"
 msgstr "Gitk: redigera vy"
 
-#: gitk:3985
+#: gitk:4219
 msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
 msgstr " - kriterier för val av revisioner"
 
-#: gitk:3990
+#: gitk:4224
 msgid "View Name"
 msgstr "Namn på vy"
 
-#: gitk:4065
+#: gitk:4299
 msgid "Apply (F5)"
 msgstr "Använd (F5)"
 
-#: gitk:4103
+#: gitk:4337
 msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
 msgstr "Fel i argument för val av incheckningar:"
 
-#: gitk:4156 gitk:4208 gitk:4656 gitk:4670 gitk:5931 gitk:11551 gitk:11552
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
 msgid "None"
 msgstr "Inget"
 
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451 gitk:8309 gitk:8324
-msgid "Date"
-msgstr "Datum"
-
-#: gitk:4604 gitk:6451
-msgid "CDate"
-msgstr "Skapat datum"
-
-#: gitk:4753 gitk:4758
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
 msgid "Descendant"
 msgstr "Avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4754
+#: gitk:5004
 msgid "Not descendant"
 msgstr "Inte avkomling"
 
-#: gitk:4761 gitk:4766
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
 msgid "Ancestor"
 msgstr "Förfader"
 
-#: gitk:4762
+#: gitk:5012
 msgid "Not ancestor"
 msgstr "Inte förfader"
 
-#: gitk:5052
+#: gitk:5306
 msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar sparade i indexet men inte incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:5088
+#: gitk:5342
 msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
 msgstr "Lokala ändringar, ej sparade i indexet"
 
-#: gitk:6769
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "med många flera"
+
+#: gitk:7118
 msgid "many"
 msgstr "många"
 
-#: gitk:6952
+#: gitk:7309
 msgid "Tags:"
 msgstr "Taggar:"
 
-#: gitk:6969 gitk:6975 gitk:8302
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
 msgid "Parent"
 msgstr "Förälder"
 
-#: gitk:6980
+#: gitk:7337
 msgid "Child"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:6989
+#: gitk:7346
 msgid "Branch"
 msgstr "Gren"
 
-#: gitk:6992
+#: gitk:7349
 msgid "Follows"
 msgstr "Följer"
 
-#: gitk:6995
+#: gitk:7352
 msgid "Precedes"
 msgstr "Föregår"
 
-#: gitk:7532
+#: gitk:7947
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av diff: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8130
+#: gitk:8631
 msgid "Goto:"
 msgstr "Gå till:"
 
-#: gitk:8151
+#: gitk:8652
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
 msgstr "Förkortat SHA1-id %s är tvetydigt"
 
-#: gitk:8158
+#: gitk:8659
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not known"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s är inte känd"
 
-#: gitk:8168
+#: gitk:8669
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
 msgstr "SHA-id:t %s är inte känt"
 
-#: gitk:8170
+#: gitk:8671
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
 msgstr "Revisionen %s finns inte i den nuvarande vyn"
 
-#: gitk:8312
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: gitk:8816
 msgid "Children"
 msgstr "Barn"
 
-#: gitk:8370
+#: gitk:8879
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
 msgstr "Återställ grenen %s hit"
 
-#: gitk:8372
+#: gitk:8881
 msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
 msgstr "Frånkopplad head: kan inte återställa"
 
-#: gitk:8481 gitk:8487
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
 msgid "Skipping merge commit "
 msgstr "Hoppar över sammanslagningsincheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8496 gitk:8501
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
 msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
 msgstr "Fel vid hämtning av patch-id för "
 
-#: gitk:8497 gitk:8502
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
 msgid " - stopping\n"
 msgstr " - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8507 gitk:8510 gitk:8518 gitk:8532 gitk:8541
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
 msgid "Commit "
 msgstr "Incheckning "
 
-#: gitk:8511
+#: gitk:9016
 msgid ""
 " is the same patch as\n"
 "       "
@@ -850,7 +883,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " är samma patch som\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8519
+#: gitk:9024
 msgid ""
 " differs from\n"
 "       "
@@ -858,7 +891,7 @@ msgstr ""
 " skiljer sig från\n"
 "       "
 
-#: gitk:8521
+#: gitk:9026
 msgid ""
 "Diff of commits:\n"
 "\n"
@@ -866,131 +899,131 @@ msgstr ""
 "Skillnad mellan incheckningar:\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: gitk:8533 gitk:8542
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
 #, tcl-format
 msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
 msgstr " har %s barn - stannar\n"
 
-#: gitk:8561
+#: gitk:9066
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning till fil: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8567
+#: gitk:9072
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
 msgstr "Fel vid jämförelse av incheckningar: %s"
 
-#: gitk:8598
+#: gitk:9118
 msgid "Top"
 msgstr "Topp"
 
-#: gitk:8599
+#: gitk:9119
 msgid "From"
 msgstr "Från"
 
-#: gitk:8604
+#: gitk:9124
 msgid "To"
 msgstr "Till"
 
-#: gitk:8628
+#: gitk:9148
 msgid "Generate patch"
 msgstr "Generera patch"
 
-#: gitk:8630
+#: gitk:9150
 msgid "From:"
 msgstr "Från:"
 
-#: gitk:8639
+#: gitk:9159
 msgid "To:"
 msgstr "Till:"
 
-#: gitk:8648
+#: gitk:9168
 msgid "Reverse"
 msgstr "Vänd"
 
-#: gitk:8650 gitk:8845
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
 msgid "Output file:"
 msgstr "Utdatafil:"
 
-#: gitk:8656
+#: gitk:9176
 msgid "Generate"
 msgstr "Generera"
 
-#: gitk:8694
+#: gitk:9214
 msgid "Error creating patch:"
 msgstr "Fel vid generering av patch:"
 
-#: gitk:8717 gitk:8833 gitk:8890
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
 msgid "ID:"
 msgstr "Id:"
 
-#: gitk:8726
+#: gitk:9246
 msgid "Tag name:"
 msgstr "Taggnamn:"
 
-#: gitk:8729
+#: gitk:9249
 msgid "Tag message is optional"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelandet är valfritt"
 
-#: gitk:8731
+#: gitk:9251
 msgid "Tag message:"
 msgstr "Taggmeddelande:"
 
-#: gitk:8735 gitk:8899
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
 msgid "Create"
 msgstr "Skapa"
 
-#: gitk:8753
+#: gitk:9273
 msgid "No tag name specified"
 msgstr "Inget taggnamn angavs"
 
-#: gitk:8757
+#: gitk:9277
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
 msgstr "Taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
 
-#: gitk:8767
+#: gitk:9287
 msgid "Error creating tag:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skapande av tagg:"
 
-#: gitk:8842
+#: gitk:9363
 msgid "Command:"
 msgstr "Kommando:"
 
-#: gitk:8850
+#: gitk:9371
 msgid "Write"
 msgstr "Skriv"
 
-#: gitk:8868
+#: gitk:9389
 msgid "Error writing commit:"
 msgstr "Fel vid skrivning av incheckning:"
 
-#: gitk:8895
+#: gitk:9416
 msgid "Name:"
 msgstr "Namn:"
 
-#: gitk:8918
+#: gitk:9439
 msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
 msgstr "Ange ett namn för den nya grenen"
 
-#: gitk:8923
+#: gitk:9444
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
 msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" finns redan. Skriva över?"
 
-#: gitk:8989
+#: gitk:9511
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
 msgstr ""
 "Incheckningen %s finns redan på grenen %s -- skall den verkligen appliceras "
 "på nytt?"
 
-#: gitk:8994
+#: gitk:9516
 msgid "Cherry-picking"
 msgstr "Plockar"
 
-#: gitk:9003
+#: gitk:9525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
@@ -1000,7 +1033,7 @@ msgstr ""
 "Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
 "igen."
 
-#: gitk:9009
+#: gitk:9531
 msgid ""
 "Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
 "Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
@@ -1008,32 +1041,59 @@ msgstr ""
 "Cherry-pick misslyckades på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
 "Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
 
-#: gitk:9025
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
 msgid "No changes committed"
 msgstr "Inga ändringar incheckade"
 
-#: gitk:9051
+#: gitk:9574
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s finns inte på grenen %s -- vill du verkligen ångra?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Ångrar"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att ångra på grund av lokala ändringar i följande filer:%s. "
+"Checka in, återställ eller spara undan (stash) dina ändringar och försök "
+"igen."
+
+#: gitk:9591
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades med att ångra på grund av en sammanslagningskonflikt.\n"
+" Vill du köra git citool för att lösa den?"
+
+#: gitk:9634
 msgid "Confirm reset"
 msgstr "Bekräfta återställning"
 
-#: gitk:9053
+#: gitk:9636
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
 msgstr "Återställa grenen %s till %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9055
+#: gitk:9638
 msgid "Reset type:"
 msgstr "Typ av återställning:"
 
-#: gitk:9058
+#: gitk:9641
 msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
 msgstr "Mjuk: Rör inte utcheckning och index"
 
-#: gitk:9061
+#: gitk:9644
 msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
 msgstr "Blandad: Rör inte utcheckning, återställ index"
 
-#: gitk:9064
+#: gitk:9647
 msgid ""
 "Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
 "(discard ALL local changes)"
@@ -1041,19 +1101,19 @@ msgstr ""
 "Hård: Återställ utcheckning och index\n"
 "(förkastar ALLA lokala ändringar)"
 
-#: gitk:9081
+#: gitk:9664
 msgid "Resetting"
 msgstr "Återställer"
 
-#: gitk:9141
+#: gitk:9724
 msgid "Checking out"
 msgstr "Checkar ut"
 
-#: gitk:9194
+#: gitk:9777
 msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
 msgstr "Kan inte ta bort den just nu utcheckade grenen"
 
-#: gitk:9200
+#: gitk:9783
 #, tcl-format
 msgid ""
 "The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
@@ -1062,16 +1122,16 @@ msgstr ""
 "Incheckningarna på grenen %s existerar inte på någon annan gren.\n"
 "Vill du verkligen ta bort grenen %s?"
 
-#: gitk:9231
+#: gitk:9814
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
 msgstr "Taggar och huvuden: %s"
 
-#: gitk:9246
+#: gitk:9829
 msgid "Filter"
 msgstr "Filter"
 
-#: gitk:9541
+#: gitk:10125
 msgid ""
 "Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
 "tag information will be incomplete."
@@ -1079,206 +1139,229 @@ msgstr ""
 "Fel vid läsning av information om incheckningstopologi; information om "
 "grenar och föregående/senare taggar kommer inte vara komplett."
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:11102
 msgid "Tag"
 msgstr "Tagg"
 
-#: gitk:10527
+#: gitk:11106
 msgid "Id"
 msgstr "Id"
 
-#: gitk:10576
+#: gitk:11189
 msgid "Gitk font chooser"
 msgstr "Teckensnittsväljare för Gitk"
 
-#: gitk:10593
+#: gitk:11206
 msgid "B"
 msgstr "F"
 
-#: gitk:10596
+#: gitk:11209
 msgid "I"
 msgstr "K"
 
-#: gitk:10714
-msgid "Gitk preferences"
-msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
-
-#: gitk:10716
+#: gitk:11327
 msgid "Commit list display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningslistvy"
 
-#: gitk:10719
+#: gitk:11330
 msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (rader)"
 
-#: gitk:10722
-#, tcl-format
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
 msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
 msgstr "Maximal grafbredd (% av ruta)"
 
-#: gitk:10725
+#: gitk:11337
 msgid "Show local changes"
 msgstr "Visa lokala ändringar"
 
-#: gitk:10728
-msgid "Auto-select SHA1"
-msgstr "Välj SHA1 automatiskt"
+#: gitk:11340
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Välj SHA1 (längd) automatiskt"
 
-#: gitk:10731
+#: gitk:11344
 msgid "Hide remote refs"
 msgstr "Dölj fjärr-referenser"
 
-#: gitk:10735
+#: gitk:11348
 msgid "Diff display options"
 msgstr "Alternativ för diffvy"
 
-#: gitk:10737
+#: gitk:11350
 msgid "Tab spacing"
 msgstr "Blanksteg för tabulatortecken"
 
-#: gitk:10740
-msgid "Display nearby tags"
-msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar"
+#: gitk:11353
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Visa närliggande taggar/huvuden"
 
-#: gitk:10743
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Maximalt antal taggar/huvuden att visa"
+
+#: gitk:11359
 msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
 msgstr "Begränsa diff till listade sökvägar"
 
-#: gitk:10746
+#: gitk:11362
 msgid "Support per-file encodings"
 msgstr "Stöd för filspecifika teckenkodningar"
 
-#: gitk:10752 gitk:10832
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
 msgid "External diff tool"
 msgstr "Externt diff-verktyg"
 
-#: gitk:10753
+#: gitk:11369
 msgid "Choose..."
 msgstr "Välj..."
 
-#: gitk:10758
+#: gitk:11374
 msgid "General options"
 msgstr "Allmänna inställningar"
 
-#: gitk:10761
+#: gitk:11377
 msgid "Use themed widgets"
 msgstr "Använd tema på fönsterelement"
 
-#: gitk:10763
+#: gitk:11379
 msgid "(change requires restart)"
 msgstr "(ändringen kräver omstart)"
 
-#: gitk:10765
+#: gitk:11381
 msgid "(currently unavailable)"
 msgstr "(för närvarande inte tillgängligt)"
 
-#: gitk:10769
+#: gitk:11392
 msgid "Colors: press to choose"
 msgstr "Färger: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10772
+#: gitk:11395
 msgid "Interface"
 msgstr "Gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10773
+#: gitk:11396
 msgid "interface"
 msgstr "gränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10776
+#: gitk:11399
 msgid "Background"
 msgstr "Bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10777 gitk:10807
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
 msgid "background"
 msgstr "bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10780
+#: gitk:11403
 msgid "Foreground"
 msgstr "Förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10781
+#: gitk:11404
 msgid "foreground"
 msgstr "förgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10784
+#: gitk:11407
 msgid "Diff: old lines"
 msgstr "Diff: gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10785
+#: gitk:11408
 msgid "diff old lines"
 msgstr "diff gamla rader"
 
-#: gitk:10789
+#: gitk:11412
 msgid "Diff: new lines"
 msgstr "Diff: nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10790
+#: gitk:11413
 msgid "diff new lines"
 msgstr "diff nya rader"
 
-#: gitk:10794
+#: gitk:11417
 msgid "Diff: hunk header"
 msgstr "Diff: delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10796
+#: gitk:11419
 msgid "diff hunk header"
 msgstr "diff delhuvud"
 
-#: gitk:10800
+#: gitk:11423
 msgid "Marked line bg"
 msgstr "Markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10802
+#: gitk:11425
 msgid "marked line background"
 msgstr "markerad rad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10806
+#: gitk:11429
 msgid "Select bg"
 msgstr "Markerad bakgrund"
 
-#: gitk:10810
+#: gitk:11438
 msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt: tryck för att välja"
 
-#: gitk:10812
+#: gitk:11440
 msgid "Main font"
 msgstr "Huvudteckensnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10813
+#: gitk:11441
 msgid "Diff display font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för diffvisning"
 
-#: gitk:10814
+#: gitk:11442
 msgid "User interface font"
 msgstr "Teckensnitt för användargränssnitt"
 
-#: gitk:10842
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Inställningar för Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Allmänt"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Färger"
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Teckensnitt"
+
+#: gitk:11525
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
 msgstr "Gitk: välj färg för %s"
 
-#: gitk:11445
+#: gitk:12242
 msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
 msgstr "Hittar inget git-arkiv här."
 
-#: gitk:11449
-#, tcl-format
-msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
-msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
-
-#: gitk:11496
+#: gitk:12289
 #, tcl-format
 msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
 msgstr "Tvetydigt argument \"%s\": både revision och filnamn"
 
-#: gitk:11508
+#: gitk:12301
 msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
 msgstr "Felaktiga argument till gitk:"
 
-#: gitk:11604
+#: gitk:12405
 msgid "Command line"
 msgstr "Kommandorad"
 
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "nästa"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "föreg"
+
+#~ msgid "CDate"
+#~ msgstr "Skapat datum"
+
+#~ msgid "Cannot find the git directory \"%s\"."
+#~ msgstr "Hittar inte git-katalogen \"%s\"."
+
 #~ msgid "SHA1 ID: "
 #~ msgstr "SHA1-id: "
 
diff --git a/gitk-git/po/vi.po b/gitk-git/po/vi.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ade9cb70cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gitk-git/po/vi.po
@@ -0,0 +1,1360 @@
+# Vietnamese translations for gitk package.
+# Bản dịch tiếng Việt cho gói gitk.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the gitk package.
+# Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2013.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: gitk @@GIT_VERSION@@\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-03-15 14:37+1100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-12-14 14:40+0700\n"
+"Last-Translator: Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Vietnamese <translation-team-vi@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
+"Language: vi\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+
+#: gitk:140
+msgid "Couldn't get list of unmerged files:"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy danh sách các tập-tin chưa được hòa trộn:"
+
+#: gitk:212 gitk:2381
+msgid "Color words"
+msgstr "Tô màu chữ"
+
+#: gitk:217 gitk:2381 gitk:8201 gitk:8234
+msgid "Markup words"
+msgstr "Đánh dấu chữ"
+
+#: gitk:324
+msgid "Error parsing revisions:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích điểm xét duyệt:"
+
+#: gitk:380
+msgid "Error executing --argscmd command:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thực hiện lệnh --argscmd:"
+
+#: gitk:393
+msgid "No files selected: --merge specified but no files are unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+"Chưa chọn tập tin: --merge đã chỉ định nhưng không có tập tin chưa hòa trộn."
+
+#: gitk:396
+msgid ""
+"No files selected: --merge specified but no unmerged files are within file "
+"limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Chưa chọn tập tin: --merge đã chỉ định nhưng không có tập tin chưa hòa trộn "
+"trong giới hạn tập tin."
+
+#: gitk:418 gitk:566
+msgid "Error executing git log:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thực hiện lệnh git log:"
+
+#: gitk:436 gitk:582
+msgid "Reading"
+msgstr "Đang đọc"
+
+#: gitk:496 gitk:4508
+msgid "Reading commits..."
+msgstr "Đang đọc các lần chuyển giao..."
+
+#: gitk:499 gitk:1637 gitk:4511
+msgid "No commits selected"
+msgstr "Chưa chọn các lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:1511
+msgid "Can't parse git log output:"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích kết xuất từ lệnh git log:"
+
+#: gitk:1740
+msgid "No commit information available"
+msgstr "Không có thông tin về lần chuyển giao nào"
+
+#: gitk:1897
+msgid "mc"
+msgstr "mc"
+
+#: gitk:1932 gitk:4298 gitk:9650 gitk:11220 gitk:11500
+msgid "OK"
+msgstr "Đồng ý"
+
+#: gitk:1934 gitk:4300 gitk:9177 gitk:9256 gitk:9372 gitk:9421 gitk:9652
+#: gitk:11221 gitk:11501
+msgid "Cancel"
+msgstr "Thôi"
+
+#: gitk:2069
+msgid "Update"
+msgstr "Cập nhật"
+
+#: gitk:2070
+msgid "Reload"
+msgstr "Tải lại"
+
+#: gitk:2071
+msgid "Reread references"
+msgstr "Đọc lại tham chiếu"
+
+#: gitk:2072
+msgid "List references"
+msgstr "Liệt kê các tham chiếu"
+
+#: gitk:2074
+msgid "Start git gui"
+msgstr "Khởi chạy git gui"
+
+#: gitk:2076
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Thoát"
+
+#: gitk:2068
+msgid "File"
+msgstr "Chính"
+
+#: gitk:2080
+msgid "Preferences"
+msgstr "Cá nhân hóa"
+
+#: gitk:2079
+msgid "Edit"
+msgstr "Chỉnh sửa"
+
+#: gitk:2084
+msgid "New view..."
+msgstr "Thêm trình bày mới..."
+
+#: gitk:2085
+msgid "Edit view..."
+msgstr "Sửa cách trình bày..."
+
+#: gitk:2086
+msgid "Delete view"
+msgstr "Xóa cách trình bày"
+
+#: gitk:2088
+msgid "All files"
+msgstr "Mọi tập tin"
+
+#: gitk:2083 gitk:4050
+msgid "View"
+msgstr "Trình bày"
+
+#: gitk:2093 gitk:2103 gitk:3009
+msgid "About gitk"
+msgstr "Giới thiệu về gitk"
+
+#: gitk:2094 gitk:2108
+msgid "Key bindings"
+msgstr "Tổ hợp phím"
+
+#: gitk:2092 gitk:2107
+msgid "Help"
+msgstr "Trợ giúp"
+
+#: gitk:2185 gitk:8633
+msgid "SHA1 ID:"
+msgstr "SHA1 ID:"
+
+#: gitk:2229
+msgid "Row"
+msgstr "Hàng"
+
+#: gitk:2267
+msgid "Find"
+msgstr "Tìm"
+
+#: gitk:2295
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:2299 gitk:2301 gitk:4669 gitk:4692 gitk:4716 gitk:6736 gitk:6808
+#: gitk:6893
+msgid "containing:"
+msgstr "có chứa:"
+
+#: gitk:2302 gitk:3522 gitk:3527 gitk:4745
+msgid "touching paths:"
+msgstr "đang chạm đường dẫn:"
+
+#: gitk:2303 gitk:4759
+msgid "adding/removing string:"
+msgstr "thêm/gỡ bỏ chuỗi:"
+
+#: gitk:2304 gitk:4761
+msgid "changing lines matching:"
+msgstr "những dòng thay đổi khớp mẫu:"
+
+#: gitk:2313 gitk:2315 gitk:4748
+msgid "Exact"
+msgstr "Chính xác"
+
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4836 gitk:6704
+msgid "IgnCase"
+msgstr "BquaHt"
+
+#: gitk:2315 gitk:4718 gitk:4834 gitk:6700
+msgid "Regexp"
+msgstr "BTCQ"
+
+#: gitk:2317 gitk:2318 gitk:4856 gitk:4886 gitk:4893 gitk:6829 gitk:6897
+msgid "All fields"
+msgstr "Mọi trường"
+
+#: gitk:2318 gitk:4853 gitk:4886 gitk:6767
+msgid "Headline"
+msgstr "Nội dung chính"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:6897 gitk:7370
+msgid "Comments"
+msgstr "Ghi chú"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:4858 gitk:4893 gitk:6767 gitk:7305 gitk:8811
+#: gitk:8826
+msgid "Author"
+msgstr "Tác giả"
+
+#: gitk:2319 gitk:4853 gitk:6767 gitk:7307
+msgid "Committer"
+msgstr "Người chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:2350
+msgid "Search"
+msgstr "Tìm kiếm"
+
+#: gitk:2358
+msgid "Diff"
+msgstr "So sánh"
+
+#: gitk:2360
+msgid "Old version"
+msgstr "Phiên bản cũ"
+
+#: gitk:2362
+msgid "New version"
+msgstr "Phiên bản mới"
+
+#: gitk:2364
+msgid "Lines of context"
+msgstr "Các dòng của nội dung"
+
+#: gitk:2374
+msgid "Ignore space change"
+msgstr "Không xét đến thay đổi do khoảng trắng"
+
+#: gitk:2378 gitk:2380 gitk:7940 gitk:8187
+msgid "Line diff"
+msgstr "Khác biệt theo dòng"
+
+#: gitk:2445
+msgid "Patch"
+msgstr "Vá"
+
+#: gitk:2447
+msgid "Tree"
+msgstr "Cây"
+
+#: gitk:2616 gitk:2636
+msgid "Diff this -> selected"
+msgstr "So sánh cái này -> cái đã chọn"
+
+#: gitk:2617 gitk:2637
+msgid "Diff selected -> this"
+msgstr "So sánh cái đã chọn -> cái này"
+
+#: gitk:2618 gitk:2638
+msgid "Make patch"
+msgstr "Tạo miếng vá"
+
+#: gitk:2619 gitk:9235
+msgid "Create tag"
+msgstr "Tạo thẻ"
+
+#: gitk:2620 gitk:9352
+msgid "Write commit to file"
+msgstr "Ghi lần chuyển giao ra tập tin"
+
+#: gitk:2621 gitk:9409
+msgid "Create new branch"
+msgstr "Tạo nhánh mới"
+
+#: gitk:2622
+msgid "Cherry-pick this commit"
+msgstr "Cherry-pick lần chuyển giao này"
+
+#: gitk:2623
+msgid "Reset HEAD branch to here"
+msgstr "Đặt lại HEAD của nhánh vào đây"
+
+#: gitk:2624
+msgid "Mark this commit"
+msgstr "Đánh dấu lần chuyển giao này"
+
+#: gitk:2625
+msgid "Return to mark"
+msgstr "Quay lại vị trí dấu"
+
+#: gitk:2626
+msgid "Find descendant of this and mark"
+msgstr "Tìm con cháu của cái này và cái đã đánh dấu"
+
+#: gitk:2627
+msgid "Compare with marked commit"
+msgstr "So sánh với lần chuyển giao đã đánh dấu"
+
+#: gitk:2628 gitk:2639
+msgid "Diff this -> marked commit"
+msgstr "So sánh cái này -> lần chuyển giao đã đánh dấu"
+
+#: gitk:2629 gitk:2640
+msgid "Diff marked commit -> this"
+msgstr "So sánh lần chuyển giao đã đánh dấu -> cái này"
+
+#: gitk:2630
+msgid "Revert this commit"
+msgstr "Hoàn lại lần chuyển giao này"
+
+#: gitk:2646
+msgid "Check out this branch"
+msgstr "Checkout nhánh này"
+
+#: gitk:2647
+msgid "Remove this branch"
+msgstr "Gỡ bỏ nhánh này"
+
+#: gitk:2654
+msgid "Highlight this too"
+msgstr "Cũng tô sáng nó"
+
+#: gitk:2655
+msgid "Highlight this only"
+msgstr "Chỉ tô sáng cái này"
+
+#: gitk:2656
+msgid "External diff"
+msgstr "diff từ bên ngoài"
+
+#: gitk:2657
+msgid "Blame parent commit"
+msgstr "Xem công trạng lần chuyển giao cha mẹ"
+
+#: gitk:2664
+msgid "Show origin of this line"
+msgstr "Hiển thị nguyên gốc của dòng này"
+
+#: gitk:2665
+msgid "Run git gui blame on this line"
+msgstr "Chạy lệnh git gui blame cho dòng này"
+
+#: gitk:3011
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - a commit viewer for git\n"
+"\n"
+"Copyright © 2005-2014 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Use and redistribute under the terms of the GNU General Public License"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Gitk - phần mềm xem các lần chuyển giao dành cho git\n"
+"\n"
+"Bản quyền © 2005-2011 Paul Mackerras\n"
+"\n"
+"Dùng và phân phối lại phần mềm này theo các điều khoản của Giấy Phép Công GNU"
+
+#: gitk:3019 gitk:3085 gitk:9836
+msgid "Close"
+msgstr "Đóng"
+
+#: gitk:3040
+msgid "Gitk key bindings"
+msgstr "Tổ hợp phím gitk"
+
+#: gitk:3043
+msgid "Gitk key bindings:"
+msgstr "Tổ hợp phím gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:3045
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Q>\t\tQuit"
+msgstr "<%s-Q>\t\tThoát"
+
+#: gitk:3046
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-W>\t\tClose window"
+msgstr "<%s-W>\t\tĐóng cửa sổ"
+
+#: gitk:3047
+msgid "<Home>\t\tMove to first commit"
+msgstr "<Home>\t\tChuyển đến lần chuyển giao đầu tiên"
+
+#: gitk:3048
+msgid "<End>\t\tMove to last commit"
+msgstr "<End>\t\tChuyển đến lần chuyển giao cuối"
+
+#: gitk:3049
+msgid "<Up>, p, k\tMove up one commit"
+msgstr "<Up>, p, k\tDi chuyển lên một lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3050
+msgid "<Down>, n, j\tMove down one commit"
+msgstr "<Down>, n, j\tDi chuyển xuống một lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3051
+msgid "<Left>, z, h\tGo back in history list"
+msgstr "<Left>, z, h\tQuay trở lại danh sách lịch sử"
+
+#: gitk:3052
+msgid "<Right>, x, l\tGo forward in history list"
+msgstr "<Right>, x, l\tDi chuyển tiếp trong danh sách lịch sử"
+
+#: gitk:3053
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-n>\tGo to n-th parent of current commit in history list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gitk:3054
+msgid "<PageUp>\tMove up one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageUp>\tDi chuyển lên một trang trong danh sách lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3055
+msgid "<PageDown>\tMove down one page in commit list"
+msgstr "<PageDown>\tDi chuyển xuống một trang trong danh sách lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3056
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Home>\tScroll to top of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-Home>\tCuộn lên trên cùng của danh sách lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3057
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-End>\tScroll to bottom of commit list"
+msgstr "<%s-End>\tCuộn xuống dưới cùng của danh sách lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:3058
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Up>\tScroll commit list up one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Up>\tCuộn danh sách lần chuyển giao lên một dòng"
+
+#: gitk:3059
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-Down>\tScroll commit list down one line"
+msgstr "<%s-Down>\tCuộn danh sách lần chuyển giao xuống một dòng"
+
+#: gitk:3060
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageUp>\tScroll commit list up one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageUp>\tCuộn danh sách lần chuyển giao lên một trang"
+
+#: gitk:3061
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-PageDown>\tScroll commit list down one page"
+msgstr "<%s-PageDown>\tCuộn danh sách lần chuyển giao xuống một trang"
+
+#: gitk:3062
+msgid "<Shift-Up>\tFind backwards (upwards, later commits)"
+msgstr "<Shift-Up>\tTìm về phía sau (hướng lên trên, lần chuyển giao sau này)"
+
+#: gitk:3063
+msgid "<Shift-Down>\tFind forwards (downwards, earlier commits)"
+msgstr ""
+"<Shift-Down>\tTìm về phía trước (hướng xuống dưới, lần chuyển giao trước đây)"
+
+#: gitk:3064
+msgid "<Delete>, b\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Delete>, b\tCuộn phần trình bày diff lên một trang"
+
+#: gitk:3065
+msgid "<Backspace>\tScroll diff view up one page"
+msgstr "<Backspace>\tCuộn phần trình bày diff lên một trang"
+
+#: gitk:3066
+msgid "<Space>\t\tScroll diff view down one page"
+msgstr "<Space>\t\tCuộn phần trình bày diff xuống một trang"
+
+#: gitk:3067
+msgid "u\t\tScroll diff view up 18 lines"
+msgstr "u\t\tCuộn phần trình bày diff lên 18 dòng"
+
+#: gitk:3068
+msgid "d\t\tScroll diff view down 18 lines"
+msgstr "d\t\tCuộn phần trình bày diff xuống 18 dòng"
+
+#: gitk:3069
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-F>\t\tFind"
+msgstr "<%s-F>\t\tTìm kiếm"
+
+#: gitk:3070
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-G>\t\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<%s-G>\t\tDi chuyển đến chỗ gặp kế tiếp"
+
+#: gitk:3071
+msgid "<Return>\tMove to next find hit"
+msgstr "<Return>\t\tDi chuyển đến chỗ gặp kế tiếp"
+
+#: gitk:3072
+msgid "/\t\tFocus the search box"
+msgstr "/\t\tĐưa con trỏ chuột vào ô tìm kiếm"
+
+#: gitk:3073
+msgid "?\t\tMove to previous find hit"
+msgstr "?\t\tDi chuyển đến chỗ gặp kế trước"
+
+#: gitk:3074
+msgid "f\t\tScroll diff view to next file"
+msgstr "f\t\tCuộn phần trình bày diff sang tập-tin kế"
+
+#: gitk:3075
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-S>\t\tSearch for next hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-S>\t\tTìm đến chỗ khác biệt kế tiếp"
+
+#: gitk:3076
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-R>\t\tSearch for previous hit in diff view"
+msgstr "<%s-R>\t\tTìm đến chỗ khác biệt kế trước"
+
+#: gitk:3077
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP+>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP+>\tTăng cỡ chữ"
+
+#: gitk:3078
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-plus>\tIncrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-plus>\tTăng cỡ chữ"
+
+#: gitk:3079
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-KP->\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-KP->\tGiảm cỡ chữ"
+
+#: gitk:3080
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "<%s-minus>\tDecrease font size"
+msgstr "<%s-minus>\tGiảm cỡ chữ"
+
+#: gitk:3081
+msgid "<F5>\t\tUpdate"
+msgstr "<F5>\t\tCập nhật"
+
+#: gitk:3546 gitk:3555
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error creating temporary directory %s:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo thư mục tạm %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3568
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting \"%s\" from %s:"
+msgstr "Lỗi chào hỏi \"%s\" từ %s:"
+
+#: gitk:3631
+msgid "command failed:"
+msgstr "lệnh gặp lỗi:"
+
+#: gitk:3780
+msgid "No such commit"
+msgstr "Không có lần chuyển giao như vậy"
+
+#: gitk:3794
+msgid "git gui blame: command failed:"
+msgstr "git gui blame: lệnh gặp lỗi:"
+
+#: gitk:3825
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't read merge head: %s"
+msgstr "Không thể độc đầu của hòa trộn: %s"
+
+# tcl-format
+#: gitk:3833
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error reading index: %s"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đọc chỉ mục: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3858
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Couldn't start git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Không thể khởi chạy git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3861 gitk:6735
+msgid "Searching"
+msgstr "Đang tìm kiếm"
+
+#: gitk:3893
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error running git blame: %s"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi chạy git blame: %s"
+
+#: gitk:3921
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "That line comes from commit %s,  which is not in this view"
+msgstr "Dòng đến từ lần chuyển giao %s, cái mà không trong trình bày này"
+
+#: gitk:3935
+msgid "External diff viewer failed:"
+msgstr "Bộ trình bày diff từ bên ngoài gặp lỗi:"
+
+#: gitk:4053
+msgid "Gitk view definition"
+msgstr "Định nghĩa cách trình bày gitk"
+
+#: gitk:4057
+msgid "Remember this view"
+msgstr "Nhớ cách trình bày này"
+
+#: gitk:4058
+msgid "References (space separated list):"
+msgstr "Tham chiếu (danh sách ngăn cách bằng dấu cách):"
+
+#: gitk:4059
+msgid "Branches & tags:"
+msgstr "Nhánh & thẻ:"
+
+#: gitk:4060
+msgid "All refs"
+msgstr "Mọi tham chiếu"
+
+#: gitk:4061
+msgid "All (local) branches"
+msgstr "Mọi nhánh (nội bộ)"
+
+#: gitk:4062
+msgid "All tags"
+msgstr "Mọi thẻ"
+
+#: gitk:4063
+msgid "All remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Mọi nhánh remote-tracking"
+
+#: gitk:4064
+msgid "Commit Info (regular expressions):"
+msgstr "Thông tin chuyển giao (biểu thức chính quy):"
+
+#: gitk:4065
+msgid "Author:"
+msgstr "Tác giả:"
+
+#: gitk:4066
+msgid "Committer:"
+msgstr "Người chuyển giao:"
+
+#: gitk:4067
+msgid "Commit Message:"
+msgstr "Chú thích của lần chuyển giao:"
+
+#: gitk:4068
+msgid "Matches all Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Khớp mọi điều kiện Thông tin Chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:4069
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "Matches none Commit Info criteria"
+msgstr "Khớp mọi điều kiện Thông tin Chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:4070
+msgid "Changes to Files:"
+msgstr "Đổi thành Tập tin:"
+
+#: gitk:4071
+msgid "Fixed String"
+msgstr "Chuỗi cố định"
+
+#: gitk:4072
+msgid "Regular Expression"
+msgstr "Biểu thức chính quy"
+
+#: gitk:4073
+msgid "Search string:"
+msgstr "Chuỗi tìm kiếm:"
+
+#: gitk:4074
+msgid ""
+"Commit Dates (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+msgstr ""
+"Ngày chuyển giao (\"2 weeks ago\", \"2009-03-17 15:27:38\", \"March 17, 2009 "
+"15:27:38\"):"
+
+#: gitk:4075
+msgid "Since:"
+msgstr "Kể từ:"
+
+#: gitk:4076
+msgid "Until:"
+msgstr "Đến:"
+
+#: gitk:4077
+msgid "Limit and/or skip a number of revisions (positive integer):"
+msgstr "Giới hạn và/hoặc bỏ số của điểm xét (số nguyên âm):"
+
+#: gitk:4078
+msgid "Number to show:"
+msgstr "Số lượng hiển thị:"
+
+#: gitk:4079
+msgid "Number to skip:"
+msgstr "Số lượng sẽ bỏ qua:"
+
+#: gitk:4080
+msgid "Miscellaneous options:"
+msgstr "Tuỳ chọn hỗn hợp:"
+
+#: gitk:4081
+msgid "Strictly sort by date"
+msgstr "Sắp xếp chặt chẽ theo ngày"
+
+#: gitk:4082
+msgid "Mark branch sides"
+msgstr "Đánh dấu các cạnh nhánh"
+
+#: gitk:4083
+msgid "Limit to first parent"
+msgstr "Giới hạn thành cha mẹ đầu tiên"
+
+#: gitk:4084
+msgid "Simple history"
+msgstr "Lịch sử dạng đơn giản"
+
+#: gitk:4085
+msgid "Additional arguments to git log:"
+msgstr "Đối số bổ xung cho lệnh git log:"
+
+#: gitk:4086
+msgid "Enter files and directories to include, one per line:"
+msgstr "Nhập vào các tập tin và thư mục bao gồm, mỗi dòng một cái:"
+
+#: gitk:4087
+msgid "Command to generate more commits to include:"
+msgstr "Lệnh tạo ra nhiều lần chuyển giao hơn bao gồm:"
+
+#: gitk:4211
+msgid "Gitk: edit view"
+msgstr "Gitk: sửa cách trình bày"
+
+#: gitk:4219
+msgid "-- criteria for selecting revisions"
+msgstr "-- tiêu chuẩn chọn điểm xét duyệt"
+
+#: gitk:4224
+msgid "View Name"
+msgstr "Tên cách trình bày"
+
+#: gitk:4299
+msgid "Apply (F5)"
+msgstr "Áp dụng (F5)"
+
+#: gitk:4337
+msgid "Error in commit selection arguments:"
+msgstr "Lỗi trong các đối số chọn chuyển giao:"
+
+#: gitk:4392 gitk:4445 gitk:4906 gitk:4920 gitk:6190 gitk:12346 gitk:12347
+msgid "None"
+msgstr "Không"
+
+#: gitk:5003 gitk:5008
+msgid "Descendant"
+msgstr "Con cháu"
+
+#: gitk:5004
+msgid "Not descendant"
+msgstr "Không có con cháu"
+
+#: gitk:5011 gitk:5016
+msgid "Ancestor"
+msgstr "Tổ tiên chung"
+
+#: gitk:5012
+msgid "Not ancestor"
+msgstr "Không có chung tổ tiên"
+
+#: gitk:5306
+msgid "Local changes checked in to index but not committed"
+msgstr ""
+"Có thay đổi nội bộ đã được đưa vào bảng mục lục, nhưng chưa được chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:5342
+msgid "Local uncommitted changes, not checked in to index"
+msgstr "Có thay đổi nội bộ, nhưng chưa được đưa vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: gitk:7115
+msgid "and many more"
+msgstr "và nhiều nữa"
+
+#: gitk:7118
+msgid "many"
+msgstr "nhiều"
+
+#: gitk:7309
+msgid "Tags:"
+msgstr "Thẻ:"
+
+#: gitk:7326 gitk:7332 gitk:8806
+msgid "Parent"
+msgstr "Cha"
+
+#: gitk:7337
+msgid "Child"
+msgstr "Con"
+
+#: gitk:7346
+msgid "Branch"
+msgstr "Nhánh"
+
+#: gitk:7349
+msgid "Follows"
+msgstr "Đứng sau"
+
+#: gitk:7352
+msgid "Precedes"
+msgstr "Đứng trước"
+
+# tcl-format
+#: gitk:7947
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error getting diffs: %s"
+msgstr "Lỗi lấy diff: %s"
+
+#: gitk:8631
+msgid "Goto:"
+msgstr "Nhảy tới:"
+
+#: gitk:8652
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Short SHA1 id %s is ambiguous"
+msgstr "Định danh SHA1 dạng ngắn %s là chưa đủ rõ ràng"
+
+#: gitk:8659
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not known"
+msgstr "Không hiểu điểm xét duyệt %s"
+
+#: gitk:8669
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "SHA1 id %s is not known"
+msgstr "Không hiểu định danh SHA1 %s"
+
+#: gitk:8671
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Revision %s is not in the current view"
+msgstr "Điểm %s không ở trong phần hiển thị hiện tại"
+
+#: gitk:8813 gitk:8828
+msgid "Date"
+msgstr "Ngày"
+
+#: gitk:8816
+msgid "Children"
+msgstr "Con cháu"
+
+#: gitk:8879
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset %s branch to here"
+msgstr "Đặt lại nhánh %s tại đây"
+
+#: gitk:8881
+msgid "Detached head: can't reset"
+msgstr "Head đã bị tách rời: không thể đặt lại"
+
+#: gitk:8986 gitk:8992
+msgid "Skipping merge commit "
+msgstr "Bỏ qua lần chuyển giao hòa trộn "
+
+#: gitk:9001 gitk:9006
+msgid "Error getting patch ID for "
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi lấy ID miếng vá cho "
+
+#: gitk:9002 gitk:9007
+msgid " - stopping\n"
+msgstr " - dừng\n"
+
+#: gitk:9012 gitk:9015 gitk:9023 gitk:9037 gitk:9046
+msgid "Commit "
+msgstr "Commit "
+
+#: gitk:9016
+msgid ""
+" is the same patch as\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" là cùng một miếng vá với\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9024
+msgid ""
+" differs from\n"
+"       "
+msgstr ""
+" khác biệt từ\n"
+"       "
+
+#: gitk:9026
+msgid ""
+"Diff of commits:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Khác biệt của lần chuyển giao (commit):\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: gitk:9038 gitk:9047
+#, tcl-format
+msgid " has %s children - stopping\n"
+msgstr " có %s con - dừng\n"
+
+#: gitk:9066
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error writing commit to file: %s"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi trong quá trình ghi lần chuyển giao vào tập tin: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9072
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Error diffing commits: %s"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi so sánh sự khác biệt giữa các lần chuyển giao: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9118
+msgid "Top"
+msgstr "Đỉnh"
+
+#: gitk:9119
+msgid "From"
+msgstr "Từ"
+
+#: gitk:9124
+msgid "To"
+msgstr "Đến"
+
+#: gitk:9148
+msgid "Generate patch"
+msgstr "Tạo miếng vá"
+
+#: gitk:9150
+msgid "From:"
+msgstr "Từ:"
+
+#: gitk:9159
+msgid "To:"
+msgstr "Đến:"
+
+#: gitk:9168
+msgid "Reverse"
+msgstr "Đảo ngược"
+
+#: gitk:9170 gitk:9366
+msgid "Output file:"
+msgstr "Tập tin kết xuất:"
+
+#: gitk:9176
+msgid "Generate"
+msgstr "Tạo"
+
+#: gitk:9214
+msgid "Error creating patch:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo miếng vá:"
+
+#: gitk:9237 gitk:9354 gitk:9411
+msgid "ID:"
+msgstr "ID:"
+
+#: gitk:9246
+msgid "Tag name:"
+msgstr "Tên thẻ:"
+
+#: gitk:9249
+msgid "Tag message is optional"
+msgstr "Ghi chú thẻ chỉ là tùy chọn"
+
+#: gitk:9251
+msgid "Tag message:"
+msgstr "Ghi chú cho thẻ:"
+
+#: gitk:9255 gitk:9420
+msgid "Create"
+msgstr "Tạo"
+
+#: gitk:9273
+msgid "No tag name specified"
+msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tên của thẻ"
+
+#: gitk:9277
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tag \"%s\" already exists"
+msgstr "Thẻ “%s” đã có sẵn rồi"
+
+#: gitk:9287
+msgid "Error creating tag:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo thẻ:"
+
+#: gitk:9363
+msgid "Command:"
+msgstr "Lệnh:"
+
+#: gitk:9371
+msgid "Write"
+msgstr "Ghi"
+
+#: gitk:9389
+msgid "Error writing commit:"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi trong quá trình ghi chuyển giao:"
+
+#: gitk:9416
+msgid "Name:"
+msgstr "Tên:"
+
+#: gitk:9439
+msgid "Please specify a name for the new branch"
+msgstr "Vui lòng chỉ định tên cho nhánh mới"
+
+#: gitk:9444
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' already exists. Overwrite?"
+msgstr "Nhánh “%s” đã có từ trước rồi. Ghi đè?"
+
+#: gitk:9511
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is already included in branch %s -- really re-apply it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chuyển giao %s đã sẵn được bao gồm trong nhánh %s -- bạn có thực sự muốn "
+"áp dụng lại nó không?"
+
+#: gitk:9516
+msgid "Cherry-picking"
+msgstr "Đang cherry-pick"
+
+#: gitk:9525
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of local changes to file '%s'.\n"
+"Please commit, reset or stash your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick gặp lỗi bởi vì các thay đổi nội bộ tập tin “%s”.\n"
+"Xin hãy chuyển giao, reset hay stash các thay đổi của bạn sau đó thử lại."
+
+#: gitk:9531
+msgid ""
+"Cherry-pick failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+"Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Cherry-pick gặp lỗi bởi vì xung đột trong hòa trộn.\n"
+"Bạn có muốn chạy lệnh “git citool” để giải quyết vấn đề này không?"
+
+#: gitk:9547 gitk:9605
+msgid "No changes committed"
+msgstr "Không có thay đổi nào cần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:9574
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Commit %s is not included in branch %s -- really revert it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chuyển giao %s không được bao gồm trong nhánh %s -- bạn có thực sự muốn "
+"“revert” nó không?"
+
+#: gitk:9579
+msgid "Reverting"
+msgstr "Đang hoàn tác"
+
+#: gitk:9587
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of local changes to the following files:%s Please "
+"commit, reset or stash  your changes and try again."
+msgstr ""
+"Revert gặp lỗi bởi vì tập tin sau đã được thay đổi nội bộ:%s\n"
+"Xin hãy chạy lệnh “commit”, “reset” hoặc “stash” rồi thử lại."
+
+#: gitk:9591
+msgid ""
+"Revert failed because of merge conflict.\n"
+" Do you wish to run git citool to resolve it?"
+msgstr ""
+"Revert gặp lỗi bởi vì xung đột hòa trộn.\n"
+" Bạn có muốn chạy lệnh “git citool” để phân giải nó không?"
+
+#: gitk:9634
+msgid "Confirm reset"
+msgstr "Xác nhật đặt lại"
+
+#: gitk:9636
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Reset branch %s to %s?"
+msgstr "Đặt lại nhánh “%s” thành “%s”?"
+
+#: gitk:9638
+msgid "Reset type:"
+msgstr "Kiểu đặt lại:"
+
+#: gitk:9641
+msgid "Soft: Leave working tree and index untouched"
+msgstr "Mềm: Không động đến thư mục làm việc và bảng mục lục"
+
+#: gitk:9644
+msgid "Mixed: Leave working tree untouched, reset index"
+msgstr ""
+"Pha trộn: Không động chạm đến thư mục làm việc nhưng đặt lại bảng mục lục"
+
+#: gitk:9647
+msgid ""
+"Hard: Reset working tree and index\n"
+"(discard ALL local changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hard: Đặt lại cây làm việc và mục lục\n"
+"(hủy bỏ MỌI thay đổi nội bộ)"
+
+#: gitk:9664
+msgid "Resetting"
+msgstr "Đang đặt lại"
+
+#: gitk:9724
+msgid "Checking out"
+msgstr "Đang checkout"
+
+#: gitk:9777
+msgid "Cannot delete the currently checked-out branch"
+msgstr "Không thể xóa nhánh hiện tại đang được lấy ra"
+
+#: gitk:9783
+#, tcl-format
+msgid ""
+"The commits on branch %s aren't on any other branch.\n"
+"Really delete branch %s?"
+msgstr ""
+"Các lần chuyển giao trên nhánh %s không ở trên nhánh khác.\n"
+"Thực sự muốn xóa nhánh %s?"
+
+#: gitk:9814
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Tags and heads: %s"
+msgstr "Thẻ và Đầu: %s"
+
+#: gitk:9829
+msgid "Filter"
+msgstr "Bộ lọc"
+
+#: gitk:10125
+msgid ""
+"Error reading commit topology information; branch and preceding/following "
+"tag information will be incomplete."
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi đọc thông tin hình học lần chuyển giao; thông tin nhánh và thẻ "
+"trước/sau sẽ không hoàn thiện."
+
+#: gitk:11102
+msgid "Tag"
+msgstr "Thẻ"
+
+#: gitk:11106
+msgid "Id"
+msgstr "Id"
+
+#: gitk:11189
+msgid "Gitk font chooser"
+msgstr "Hộp thoại chọn phông Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11206
+msgid "B"
+msgstr "B"
+
+#: gitk:11209
+msgid "I"
+msgstr "I"
+
+#: gitk:11327
+msgid "Commit list display options"
+msgstr "Các tùy chọn về hiển thị danh sách lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: gitk:11330
+msgid "Maximum graph width (lines)"
+msgstr "Độ rộng biểu đồ tối đa (dòng)"
+
+#: gitk:11334
+#, no-tcl-format
+msgid "Maximum graph width (% of pane)"
+msgstr "Độ rộng biểu đồ tối đa (% của bảng)"
+
+#: gitk:11337
+msgid "Show local changes"
+msgstr "Hiển thị các thay đổi nội bộ"
+
+#: gitk:11340
+msgid "Auto-select SHA1 (length)"
+msgstr "Tự chọn SHA1 (độ dài)"
+
+#: gitk:11344
+msgid "Hide remote refs"
+msgstr "Ẩn tham chiếu đến máy chủ"
+
+#: gitk:11348
+msgid "Diff display options"
+msgstr "Các tùy chọn trình bày các khác biệt"
+
+#: gitk:11350
+msgid "Tab spacing"
+msgstr "Khoảng cách tab"
+
+#: gitk:11353
+msgid "Display nearby tags/heads"
+msgstr "Hiển thị các thẻ/đầu xung quanh"
+
+#: gitk:11356
+msgid "Maximum # tags/heads to show"
+msgstr "Số lượng thẻ/đầu tối đa sẽ hiển thị"
+
+#: gitk:11359
+msgid "Limit diffs to listed paths"
+msgstr "Giới hạn các khác biệt cho đường dẫn đã liệt kê"
+
+#: gitk:11362
+msgid "Support per-file encodings"
+msgstr "Hỗ trợ mã hóa mỗi-dòng"
+
+#: gitk:11368 gitk:11515
+msgid "External diff tool"
+msgstr "Công cụ so sánh từ bên ngoài"
+
+#: gitk:11369
+msgid "Choose..."
+msgstr "Chọn..."
+
+#: gitk:11374
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Các tùy chọn chung"
+
+#: gitk:11377
+msgid "Use themed widgets"
+msgstr "Dùng các widget chủ đề"
+
+#: gitk:11379
+msgid "(change requires restart)"
+msgstr "(để thay đổi cần khởi động lại)"
+
+#: gitk:11381
+msgid "(currently unavailable)"
+msgstr "(hiện tại không sẵn sàng)"
+
+#: gitk:11392
+msgid "Colors: press to choose"
+msgstr "Màu sắc: bấm vào nút phía dưới để chọn màu"
+
+#: gitk:11395
+msgid "Interface"
+msgstr "Giao diện"
+
+#: gitk:11396
+msgid "interface"
+msgstr "giao diện"
+
+#: gitk:11399
+msgid "Background"
+msgstr "Nền"
+
+#: gitk:11400 gitk:11430
+msgid "background"
+msgstr "nền"
+
+#: gitk:11403
+msgid "Foreground"
+msgstr "Tiền cảnh"
+
+#: gitk:11404
+msgid "foreground"
+msgstr "tiền cảnh"
+
+#: gitk:11407
+msgid "Diff: old lines"
+msgstr "So sánh: dòng cũ"
+
+#: gitk:11408
+msgid "diff old lines"
+msgstr "diff dòng cũ"
+
+#: gitk:11412
+msgid "Diff: new lines"
+msgstr "So sánh: dòng mới"
+
+#: gitk:11413
+msgid "diff new lines"
+msgstr "màu dòng mới"
+
+#: gitk:11417
+msgid "Diff: hunk header"
+msgstr "So sánh: phần đầu của đoạn"
+
+#: gitk:11419
+msgid "diff hunk header"
+msgstr "màu của phần đầu của đoạn khi so sánh"
+
+#: gitk:11423
+msgid "Marked line bg"
+msgstr "Nền dòng đánh dấu"
+
+#: gitk:11425
+msgid "marked line background"
+msgstr "nền dòng được đánh dấu"
+
+#: gitk:11429
+msgid "Select bg"
+msgstr "Màu nền"
+
+#: gitk:11438
+msgid "Fonts: press to choose"
+msgstr "Phông chữ: bấm vào các nút ở dưới để chọn"
+
+#: gitk:11440
+msgid "Main font"
+msgstr "Phông chữ chính"
+
+#: gitk:11441
+msgid "Diff display font"
+msgstr "Phông chữ dùng khi so sánh"
+
+#: gitk:11442
+msgid "User interface font"
+msgstr "Phông chữ giao diện"
+
+#: gitk:11464
+msgid "Gitk preferences"
+msgstr "Cá nhân hóa các cài đặt cho Gitk"
+
+#: gitk:11473
+msgid "General"
+msgstr "Chung"
+
+#: gitk:11474
+msgid "Colors"
+msgstr "Màu sắc"
+
+#: gitk:11475
+msgid "Fonts"
+msgstr "Phông chữ"
+
+#: gitk:11525
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Gitk: choose color for %s"
+msgstr "Gitk: chọn màu cho %s"
+
+#: gitk:12242
+msgid "Cannot find a git repository here."
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy kho git ở đây."
+
+#: gitk:12289
+#, tcl-format
+msgid "Ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename"
+msgstr "Đối số “%s” chưa rõ ràng: vừa là điểm xét duyệt vừa là tên tập tin"
+
+#: gitk:12301
+msgid "Bad arguments to gitk:"
+msgstr "Đối số không hợp lệ cho gitk:"
+
+#: gitk:12405
+msgid "Command line"
+msgstr "Dòng lệnh"
+
+#~ msgid "next"
+#~ msgstr "tiếp"
+
+#~ msgid "prev"
+#~ msgstr "trước"
diff --git a/gitweb/INSTALL b/gitweb/INSTALL
index 6d45406797..408f2859d3 100644
--- a/gitweb/INSTALL
+++ b/gitweb/INSTALL
@@ -243,14 +243,11 @@ for gitweb (in gitweb/README), and gitweb.conf(5) manpage.
   GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM build configuration variable, and override it
   through the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM environment variable.
 
-  Note that if per-instance configuration file exists, then system-wide
-  configuration is _not used at all_.  This is quite untypical and suprising
-  behavior.  On the other hand changing current behavior would break backwards
-  compatibility and can lead to unexpected changes in gitweb behavior.
-  Therefore gitweb also looks for common system-wide configuration file,
-  normally /etc/gitweb-common.conf (set during build time using build time
-  configuration variable GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON, set it at runtime using
-  environment variable with the same name).  Settings from per-instance or
+  Note that the GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM system-wide configuration file is
+  only used for instances that lack per-instance configuration file.
+  You can use GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON common system-wide configuration
+  file (normally /etc/gitweb-common.conf) to keep common default
+  settings that apply to all instances.  Settings from per-instance or
   system-wide configuration file override those from common system-wide
   configuration file.
 
diff --git a/gitweb/README b/gitweb/README
index 6da4778b73..471dcfb691 100644
--- a/gitweb/README
+++ b/gitweb/README
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 GIT web Interface
 =================
 
-The one working on:
-  http://git.kernel.org/
-
 From the git version 1.4.0 gitweb is bundled with git.
 
 
diff --git a/gitweb/gitweb.perl b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
index cd98888a93..7a5b23acf2 100755
--- a/gitweb/gitweb.perl
+++ b/gitweb/gitweb.perl
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ use File::Basename qw(basename);
 use Time::HiRes qw(gettimeofday tv_interval);
 binmode STDOUT, ':utf8';
 
+if (!defined($CGI::VERSION) || $CGI::VERSION < 4.08) {
+	eval 'sub CGI::multi_param { CGI::param(@_) }'
+}
+
 our $t0 = [ gettimeofday() ];
 our $number_of_git_cmds = 0;
 
@@ -54,6 +58,11 @@ sub evaluate_uri {
 	# to build the base URL ourselves:
 	our $path_info = decode_utf8($ENV{"PATH_INFO"});
 	if ($path_info) {
+		# $path_info has already been URL-decoded by the web server, but
+		# $my_url and $my_uri have not. URL-decode them so we can properly
+		# strip $path_info.
+		$my_url = unescape($my_url);
+		$my_uri = unescape($my_uri);
 		if ($my_url =~ s,\Q$path_info\E$,, &&
 		    $my_uri =~ s,\Q$path_info\E$,, &&
 		    defined $ENV{'SCRIPT_NAME'}) {
@@ -80,6 +89,9 @@ our $project_maxdepth = "++GITWEB_PROJECT_MAXDEPTH++";
 # string of the home link on top of all pages
 our $home_link_str = "++GITWEB_HOME_LINK_STR++";
 
+# extra breadcrumbs preceding the home link
+our @extra_breadcrumbs = ();
+
 # name of your site or organization to appear in page titles
 # replace this with something more descriptive for clearer bookmarks
 our $site_name = "++GITWEB_SITENAME++"
@@ -133,6 +145,12 @@ our $default_projects_order = "project";
 # (only effective if this variable evaluates to true)
 our $export_ok = "++GITWEB_EXPORT_OK++";
 
+# don't generate age column on the projects list page
+our $omit_age_column = 0;
+
+# don't generate information about owners of repositories
+our $omit_owner=0;
+
 # show repository only if this subroutine returns true
 # when given the path to the project, for example:
 #    sub { return -e "$_[0]/git-daemon-export-ok"; }
@@ -259,16 +277,15 @@ our %highlight_basename = (
 our %highlight_ext = (
 	# main extensions, defining name of syntax;
 	# see files in /usr/share/highlight/langDefs/ directory
-	map { $_ => $_ }
-		qw(py c cpp rb java css php sh pl js tex bib xml awk bat ini spec tcl sql make),
+	(map { $_ => $_ } qw(py rb java css js tex bib xml awk bat ini spec tcl sql)),
 	# alternate extensions, see /etc/highlight/filetypes.conf
-	'h' => 'c',
-	map { $_ => 'sh'  } qw(bash zsh ksh),
-	map { $_ => 'cpp' } qw(cxx c++ cc),
-	map { $_ => 'php' } qw(php3 php4 php5 phps),
-	map { $_ => 'pl'  } qw(perl pm), # perhaps also 'cgi'
-	map { $_ => 'make'} qw(mak mk),
-	map { $_ => 'xml' } qw(xhtml html htm),
+	(map { $_ => 'c'   } qw(c h)),
+	(map { $_ => 'sh'  } qw(sh bash zsh ksh)),
+	(map { $_ => 'cpp' } qw(cpp cxx c++ cc)),
+	(map { $_ => 'php' } qw(php php3 php4 php5 phps)),
+	(map { $_ => 'pl'  } qw(pl perl pm)), # perhaps also 'cgi'
+	(map { $_ => 'make'} qw(make mak mk)),
+	(map { $_ => 'xml' } qw(xml xhtml html htm)),
 );
 
 # You define site-wide feature defaults here; override them with
@@ -530,11 +547,25 @@ our %feature = (
 	# $feature{'remote_heads'}{'default'} = [1];
 	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
 	# $feature{'remote_heads'}{'override'} = 1;
-	# and in project config gitweb.remote_heads = 0|1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.remoteheads = 0|1;
 	'remote_heads' => {
 		'sub' => sub { feature_bool('remote_heads', @_) },
 		'override' => 0,
 		'default' => [0]},
+
+	# Enable showing branches under other refs in addition to heads
+
+	# To set system wide extra branch refs have in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'extra-branch-refs'}{'default'} = ['dirs', 'of', 'choice'];
+	# To have project specific config enable override in $GITWEB_CONFIG
+	# $feature{'extra-branch-refs'}{'override'} = 1;
+	# and in project config gitweb.extrabranchrefs = dirs of choice
+	# Every directory is separated with whitespace.
+
+	'extra-branch-refs' => {
+		'sub' => \&feature_extra_branch_refs,
+		'override' => 0,
+		'default' => []},
 );
 
 sub gitweb_get_feature {
@@ -613,6 +644,21 @@ sub feature_avatar {
 	return @val ? @val : @_;
 }
 
+sub feature_extra_branch_refs {
+	my (@branch_refs) = @_;
+	my $values = git_get_project_config('extrabranchrefs');
+
+	if ($values) {
+		$values = config_to_multi ($values);
+		@branch_refs = ();
+		foreach my $value (@{$values}) {
+			push @branch_refs, split /\s+/, $value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return @branch_refs;
+}
+
 # checking HEAD file with -e is fragile if the repository was
 # initialized long time ago (i.e. symlink HEAD) and was pack-ref'ed
 # and then pruned.
@@ -643,6 +689,18 @@ sub filter_snapshot_fmts {
 		!$known_snapshot_formats{$_}{'disabled'}} @fmts;
 }
 
+sub filter_and_validate_refs {
+	my @refs = @_;
+	my %unique_refs = ();
+
+	foreach my $ref (@refs) {
+		die_error(500, "Invalid ref '$ref' in 'extra-branch-refs' feature") unless (is_valid_ref_format($ref));
+		# 'heads' are added implicitly in get_branch_refs().
+		$unique_refs{$ref} = 1 if ($ref ne 'heads');
+	}
+	return sort keys %unique_refs;
+}
+
 # If it is set to code reference, it is code that it is to be run once per
 # request, allowing updating configurations that change with each request,
 # while running other code in config file only once.
@@ -673,7 +731,7 @@ sub evaluate_gitweb_config {
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM++";
 	our $GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON = $ENV{'GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON'} || "++GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON++";
 
-	# Protect agains duplications of file names, to not read config twice.
+	# Protect against duplications of file names, to not read config twice.
 	# Only one of $GITWEB_CONFIG and $GITWEB_CONFIG_SYSTEM is used, so
 	# there possibility of duplication of filename there doesn't matter.
 	$GITWEB_CONFIG = ""        if ($GITWEB_CONFIG eq $GITWEB_CONFIG_COMMON);
@@ -817,7 +875,7 @@ sub evaluate_query_params {
 
 	while (my ($name, $symbol) = each %cgi_param_mapping) {
 		if ($symbol eq 'opt') {
-			$input_params{$name} = [ map { decode_utf8($_) } $cgi->param($symbol) ];
+			$input_params{$name} = [ map { decode_utf8($_) } $cgi->multi_param($symbol) ];
 		} else {
 			$input_params{$name} = decode_utf8($cgi->param($symbol));
 		}
@@ -981,7 +1039,7 @@ our ($action, $project, $file_name, $file_parent, $hash, $hash_parent, $hash_bas
 sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 	our $action = $input_params{'action'};
 	if (defined $action) {
-		if (!validate_action($action)) {
+		if (!is_valid_action($action)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid action parameter");
 		}
 	}
@@ -989,7 +1047,7 @@ sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 	# parameters which are pathnames
 	our $project = $input_params{'project'};
 	if (defined $project) {
-		if (!validate_project($project)) {
+		if (!is_valid_project($project)) {
 			undef $project;
 			die_error(404, "No such project");
 		}
@@ -997,21 +1055,21 @@ sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 
 	our $project_filter = $input_params{'project_filter'};
 	if (defined $project_filter) {
-		if (!validate_pathname($project_filter)) {
+		if (!is_valid_pathname($project_filter)) {
 			die_error(404, "Invalid project_filter parameter");
 		}
 	}
 
 	our $file_name = $input_params{'file_name'};
 	if (defined $file_name) {
-		if (!validate_pathname($file_name)) {
+		if (!is_valid_pathname($file_name)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid file parameter");
 		}
 	}
 
 	our $file_parent = $input_params{'file_parent'};
 	if (defined $file_parent) {
-		if (!validate_pathname($file_parent)) {
+		if (!is_valid_pathname($file_parent)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid file parent parameter");
 		}
 	}
@@ -1019,21 +1077,21 @@ sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 	# parameters which are refnames
 	our $hash = $input_params{'hash'};
 	if (defined $hash) {
-		if (!validate_refname($hash)) {
+		if (!is_valid_refname($hash)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid hash parameter");
 		}
 	}
 
 	our $hash_parent = $input_params{'hash_parent'};
 	if (defined $hash_parent) {
-		if (!validate_refname($hash_parent)) {
+		if (!is_valid_refname($hash_parent)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid hash parent parameter");
 		}
 	}
 
 	our $hash_base = $input_params{'hash_base'};
 	if (defined $hash_base) {
-		if (!validate_refname($hash_base)) {
+		if (!is_valid_refname($hash_base)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid hash base parameter");
 		}
 	}
@@ -1053,7 +1111,7 @@ sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 
 	our $hash_parent_base = $input_params{'hash_parent_base'};
 	if (defined $hash_parent_base) {
-		if (!validate_refname($hash_parent_base)) {
+		if (!is_valid_refname($hash_parent_base)) {
 			die_error(400, "Invalid hash parent base parameter");
 		}
 	}
@@ -1076,7 +1134,7 @@ sub evaluate_and_validate_params {
 	our $search_use_regexp = $input_params{'search_use_regexp'};
 
 	our $searchtext = $input_params{'searchtext'};
-	our $search_regexp;
+	our $search_regexp = undef;
 	if (defined $searchtext) {
 		if (length($searchtext) < 2) {
 			die_error(403, "At least two characters are required for search parameter");
@@ -1100,7 +1158,7 @@ sub evaluate_git_dir {
 	our $git_dir = "$projectroot/$project" if $project;
 }
 
-our (@snapshot_fmts, $git_avatar);
+our (@snapshot_fmts, $git_avatar, @extra_branch_refs);
 sub configure_gitweb_features {
 	# list of supported snapshot formats
 	our @snapshot_fmts = gitweb_get_feature('snapshot');
@@ -1118,6 +1176,13 @@ sub configure_gitweb_features {
 	} else {
 		$git_avatar = '';
 	}
+
+	our @extra_branch_refs = gitweb_get_feature('extra-branch-refs');
+	@extra_branch_refs = filter_and_validate_refs (@extra_branch_refs);
+}
+
+sub get_branch_refs {
+	return ('heads', @extra_branch_refs);
 }
 
 # custom error handler: 'die <message>' is Internal Server Error
@@ -1126,7 +1191,7 @@ sub handle_errors_html {
 
 	# to avoid infinite loop where error occurs in die_error,
 	# change handler to default handler, disabling handle_errors_html
-	set_message("Error occured when inside die_error:\n$msg");
+	set_message("Error occurred when inside die_error:\n$msg");
 
 	# you cannot jump out of die_error when called as error handler;
 	# the subroutine set via CGI::Carp::set_message is called _after_
@@ -1405,28 +1470,31 @@ sub href {
 ## ======================================================================
 ## validation, quoting/unquoting and escaping
 
-sub validate_action {
-	my $input = shift || return undef;
+sub is_valid_action {
+	my $input = shift;
 	return undef unless exists $actions{$input};
-	return $input;
+	return 1;
 }
 
-sub validate_project {
-	my $input = shift || return undef;
-	if (!validate_pathname($input) ||
+sub is_valid_project {
+	my $input = shift;
+
+	return unless defined $input;
+	if (!is_valid_pathname($input) ||
 		!(-d "$projectroot/$input") ||
 		!check_export_ok("$projectroot/$input") ||
 		($strict_export && !project_in_list($input))) {
 		return undef;
 	} else {
-		return $input;
+		return 1;
 	}
 }
 
-sub validate_pathname {
-	my $input = shift || return undef;
+sub is_valid_pathname {
+	my $input = shift;
 
-	# no '.' or '..' as elements of path, i.e. no '.' nor '..'
+	return undef unless defined $input;
+	# no '.' or '..' as elements of path, i.e. no '.' or '..'
 	# at the beginning, at the end, and between slashes.
 	# also this catches doubled slashes
 	if ($input =~ m!(^|/)(|\.|\.\.)(/|$)!) {
@@ -1436,24 +1504,33 @@ sub validate_pathname {
 	if ($input =~ m!\0!) {
 		return undef;
 	}
-	return $input;
+	return 1;
 }
 
-sub validate_refname {
-	my $input = shift || return undef;
+sub is_valid_ref_format {
+	my $input = shift;
 
-	# textual hashes are O.K.
-	if ($input =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
-		return $input;
-	}
-	# it must be correct pathname
-	$input = validate_pathname($input)
-		or return undef;
+	return undef unless defined $input;
 	# restrictions on ref name according to git-check-ref-format
 	if ($input =~ m!(/\.|\.\.|[\000-\040\177 ~^:?*\[]|/$)!) {
 		return undef;
 	}
-	return $input;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+sub is_valid_refname {
+	my $input = shift;
+
+	return undef unless defined $input;
+	# textual hashes are O.K.
+	if ($input =~ m/^[0-9a-fA-F]{40}$/) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+	# it must be correct pathname
+	is_valid_pathname($input) or return undef;
+	# check git-check-ref-format restrictions
+	is_valid_ref_format($input) or return undef;
+	return 1;
 }
 
 # decode sequences of octets in utf8 into Perl's internal form,
@@ -1546,7 +1623,7 @@ sub sanitize {
 	return undef unless defined $str;
 
 	$str = to_utf8($str);
-	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|($1 =~ /[\t\n\r]/ ? $1 : quot_cec($1))|eg;
+	$str =~ s|([[:cntrl:]])|(index("\t\n\r", $1) != -1 ? $1 : quot_cec($1))|eg;
 	return $str;
 }
 
@@ -1732,20 +1809,29 @@ sub chop_and_escape_str {
 # '<span class="mark">foo</span>bar'
 sub esc_html_hl_regions {
 	my ($str, $css_class, @sel) = @_;
-	return esc_html($str) unless @sel;
+	my %opts = grep { ref($_) ne 'ARRAY' } @sel;
+	@sel     = grep { ref($_) eq 'ARRAY' } @sel;
+	return esc_html($str, %opts) unless @sel;
 
 	my $out = '';
 	my $pos = 0;
 
 	for my $s (@sel) {
-		$out .= esc_html(substr($str, $pos, $s->[0] - $pos))
-			if ($s->[0] - $pos > 0);
-		$out .= $cgi->span({-class => $css_class},
-		                   esc_html(substr($str, $s->[0], $s->[1] - $s->[0])));
+		my ($begin, $end) = @$s;
 
-		$pos = $s->[1];
+		# Don't create empty <span> elements.
+		next if $end <= $begin;
+
+		my $escaped = esc_html(substr($str, $begin, $end - $begin),
+		                       %opts);
+
+		$out .= esc_html(substr($str, $pos, $begin - $pos), %opts)
+			if ($begin - $pos > 0);
+		$out .= $cgi->span({-class => $css_class}, $escaped);
+
+		$pos = $end;
 	}
-	$out .= esc_html(substr($str, $pos))
+	$out .= esc_html(substr($str, $pos), %opts)
 		if ($pos < length($str));
 
 	return $out;
@@ -2049,7 +2135,7 @@ sub picon_url {
 	if (!$avatar_cache{$email}) {
 		my ($user, $domain) = split('@', $email);
 		$avatar_cache{$email} =
-			"http://www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
+			"//www.cs.indiana.edu/cgi-pub/kinzler/piconsearch.cgi/" .
 			"$domain/$user/" .
 			"users+domains+unknown/up/single";
 	}
@@ -2064,7 +2150,7 @@ sub gravatar_url {
 	my $email = lc shift;
 	my $size = shift;
 	$avatar_cache{$email} ||=
-		"http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
+		"//www.gravatar.com/avatar/" .
 			Digest::MD5::md5_hex($email) . "?s=";
 	return $avatar_cache{$email} . $size;
 }
@@ -2421,26 +2507,32 @@ sub format_cc_diff_chunk_header {
 }
 
 # process patch (diff) line (not to be used for diff headers),
-# returning class and HTML-formatted (but not wrapped) line
-sub process_diff_line {
-	my $line = shift;
-	my ($from, $to) = @_;
-
-	my $diff_class = diff_line_class($line, $from, $to);
-
-	chomp $line;
-	$line = untabify($line);
+# returning HTML-formatted (but not wrapped) line.
+# If the line is passed as a reference, it is treated as HTML and not
+# esc_html()'ed.
+sub format_diff_line {
+	my ($line, $diff_class, $from, $to) = @_;
+
+	if (ref($line)) {
+		$line = $$line;
+	} else {
+		chomp $line;
+		$line = untabify($line);
 
-	if ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{2} /) {
-		$line = format_unidiff_chunk_header($line, $from, $to);
-		return $diff_class, $line;
+		if ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{2} /) {
+			$line = format_unidiff_chunk_header($line, $from, $to);
+		} elsif ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{3}/) {
+			$line = format_cc_diff_chunk_header($line, $from, $to);
+		} else {
+			$line = esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1);
+		}
+	}
 
-	} elsif ($from && $to && $line =~ m/^\@{3}/) {
-		$line = format_cc_diff_chunk_header($line, $from, $to);
-		return $diff_class, $line;
+	my $diff_classes = "diff";
+	$diff_classes .= " $diff_class" if ($diff_class);
+	$line = "<div class=\"$diff_classes\">$line</div>\n";
 
-	}
-	return $diff_class, esc_html($line, -nbsp=>1);
+	return $line;
 }
 
 # Generates undef or something like "_snapshot_" or "snapshot (_tbz2_ _zip_)",
@@ -2487,6 +2579,7 @@ sub format_snapshot_links {
 sub get_feed_info {
 	my $format = shift || 'Atom';
 	my %res = (action => lc($format));
+	my $matched_ref = 0;
 
 	# feed links are possible only for project views
 	return unless (defined $project);
@@ -2494,12 +2587,17 @@ sub get_feed_info {
 	# or don't have specific feed yet (so they should use generic)
 	return if (!$action || $action =~ /^(?:tags|heads|forks|tag|search)$/x);
 
-	my $branch;
-	# branches refs uses 'refs/heads/' prefix (fullname) to differentiate
-	# from tag links; this also makes possible to detect branch links
-	if ((defined $hash_base && $hash_base =~ m!^refs/heads/(.*)$!) ||
-	    (defined $hash      && $hash      =~ m!^refs/heads/(.*)$!)) {
-		$branch = $1;
+	my $branch = undef;
+	# branches refs uses 'refs/' + $get_branch_refs()[x] + '/' prefix
+	# (fullname) to differentiate from tag links; this also makes
+	# possible to detect branch links
+	for my $ref (get_branch_refs()) {
+		if ((defined $hash_base && $hash_base =~ m!^refs/\Q$ref\E/(.*)$!) ||
+		    (defined $hash      && $hash      =~ m!^refs/\Q$ref\E/(.*)$!)) {
+			$branch = $1;
+			$matched_ref = $ref;
+			last;
+		}
 	}
 	# find log type for feed description (title)
 	my $type = 'log';
@@ -2512,7 +2610,7 @@ sub get_feed_info {
 	}
 
 	$res{-title} = $type;
-	$res{'hash'} = (defined $branch ? "refs/heads/$branch" : undef);
+	$res{'hash'} = (defined $branch ? "refs/$matched_ref/$branch" : undef);
 	$res{'file_name'} = $file_name;
 
 	return %res;
@@ -2671,12 +2769,15 @@ sub git_get_project_config {
 	# only subsection, if exists, is case sensitive,
 	# and not lowercased by 'git config -z -l'
 	if (my ($hi, $mi, $lo) = ($key =~ /^([^.]*)\.(.*)\.([^.]*)$/)) {
+		$lo =~ s/_//g;
 		$key = join(".", lc($hi), $mi, lc($lo));
+		return if ($lo =~ /\W/ || $hi =~ /\W/);
 	} else {
 		$key = lc($key);
+		$key =~ s/_//g;
+		return if ($key =~ /\W/);
 	}
 	$key =~ s/^gitweb\.//;
-	return if ($key =~ m/\W/);
 
 	# type sanity check
 	if (defined $type) {
@@ -2997,9 +3098,11 @@ sub git_get_projects_list {
 			}
 			if (check_export_ok("$projectroot/$path")) {
 				my $pr = {
-					path => $path,
-					owner => to_utf8($owner),
+					path => $path
 				};
+				if ($owner) {
+					$pr->{'owner'} = to_utf8($owner);
+				}
 				push @list, $pr;
 			}
 		}
@@ -3073,15 +3176,15 @@ sub filter_forks_from_projects_list {
 sub search_projects_list {
 	my ($projlist, %opts) = @_;
 	my $tagfilter  = $opts{'tagfilter'};
-	my $searchtext = $opts{'searchtext'};
+	my $search_re = $opts{'search_regexp'};
 
 	return @$projlist
-		unless ($tagfilter || $searchtext);
+		unless ($tagfilter || $search_re);
 
 	# searching projects require filling to be run before it;
 	fill_project_list_info($projlist,
 	                       $tagfilter  ? 'ctags' : (),
-	                       $searchtext ? ('path', 'descr') : ());
+	                       $search_re ? ('path', 'descr') : ());
 	my @projects;
  PROJECT:
 	foreach my $pr (@$projlist) {
@@ -3092,10 +3195,10 @@ sub search_projects_list {
 				grep { lc($_) eq lc($tagfilter) } keys %{$pr->{'ctags'}};
 		}
 
-		if ($searchtext) {
+		if ($search_re) {
 			next unless
-				$pr->{'path'} =~ /$searchtext/ ||
-				$pr->{'descr_long'} =~ /$searchtext/;
+				$pr->{'path'} =~ /$search_re/ ||
+				$pr->{'descr_long'} =~ /$search_re/;
 		}
 
 		push @projects, $pr;
@@ -3160,7 +3263,7 @@ sub git_get_last_activity {
 	     '--format=%(committer)',
 	     '--sort=-committerdate',
 	     '--count=1',
-	     'refs/heads') or return;
+	     map { "refs/$_" } get_branch_refs ()) or return;
 	my $most_recent = <$fd>;
 	close $fd or return;
 	if (defined $most_recent &&
@@ -3611,7 +3714,7 @@ sub parse_from_to_diffinfo {
 
 sub git_get_heads_list {
 	my ($limit, @classes) = @_;
-	@classes = ('heads') unless @classes;
+	@classes = get_branch_refs() unless @classes;
 	my @patterns = map { "refs/$_" } @classes;
 	my @headslist;
 
@@ -3629,9 +3732,16 @@ sub git_get_heads_list {
 		my ($committer, $epoch, $tz) =
 			($committerinfo =~ /^(.*) ([0-9]+) (.*)$/);
 		$ref_item{'fullname'}  = $name;
-		$name =~ s!^refs/(?:head|remote)s/!!;
+		my $strip_refs = join '|', map { quotemeta } get_branch_refs();
+		$name =~ s!^refs/($strip_refs|remotes)/!!;
+		$ref_item{'name'} = $name;
+		# for refs neither in 'heads' nor 'remotes' we want to
+		# show their ref dir
+		my $ref_dir = (defined $1) ? $1 : '';
+		if ($ref_dir ne '' and $ref_dir ne 'heads' and $ref_dir ne 'remotes') {
+		    $ref_item{'name'} .= ' (' . $ref_dir . ')';
+		}
 
-		$ref_item{'name'}  = $name;
 		$ref_item{'id'}    = $hash;
 		$ref_item{'title'} = $title || '(no commit message)';
 		$ref_item{'epoch'} = $epoch;
@@ -3886,6 +3996,7 @@ sub print_feed_meta {
 				'-type' => "application/$type+xml"
 			);
 
+			$href_params{'extra_options'} = undef;
 			$href_params{'action'} = $type;
 			$link_attr{'-href'} = href(%href_params);
 			print "<link ".
@@ -3951,7 +4062,9 @@ sub print_nav_breadcrumbs_path {
 sub print_nav_breadcrumbs {
 	my %opts = @_;
 
-	print $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($home_link)}, $home_link_str) . " / ";
+	for my $crumb (@extra_breadcrumbs, [ $home_link_str => $home_link ]) {
+		print $cgi->a({-href => esc_url($crumb->[1])}, $crumb->[0]) . " / ";
+	}
 	if (defined $project) {
 		my @dirname = split '/', $project;
 		my $projectbasename = pop @dirname;
@@ -3991,7 +4104,7 @@ sub print_search_form {
 	if ($use_pathinfo) {
 		$action .= "/".esc_url($project);
 	}
-	print $cgi->startform(-method => "get", -action => $action) .
+	print $cgi->start_form(-method => "get", -action => $action) .
 	      "<div class=\"search\">\n" .
 	      (!$use_pathinfo &&
 	      $cgi->input({-name=>"p", -value=>$project, -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n") .
@@ -3999,8 +4112,8 @@ sub print_search_form {
 	      $cgi->input({-name=>"h", -value=>$search_hash, -type=>"hidden"}) . "\n" .
 	      $cgi->popup_menu(-name => 'st', -default => 'commit',
 	                       -values => ['commit', 'grep', 'author', 'committer', 'pickaxe']) .
-	      $cgi->sup($cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search_help")}, "?")) .
-	      " search:\n",
+	      " " . $cgi->a({-href => href(action=>"search_help"),
+			     -title => "search help" }, "?") . " search:\n",
 	      $cgi->textfield(-name => "s", -value => $searchtext, -override => 1) . "\n" .
 	      "<span title=\"Extended regular expression\">" .
 	      $cgi->checkbox(-name => 'sr', -value => 1, -label => 're',
@@ -4460,30 +4573,33 @@ sub git_print_log {
 	}
 
 	# print log
-	my $signoff = 0;
-	my $empty = 0;
+	my $skip_blank_line = 0;
 	foreach my $line (@$log) {
-		if ($line =~ m/^ *(signed[ \-]off[ \-]by[ :]|acked[ \-]by[ :]|cc[ :])/i) {
-			$signoff = 1;
-			$empty = 0;
+		if ($line =~ m/^\s*([A-Z][-A-Za-z]*-[Bb]y|C[Cc]): /) {
 			if (! $opts{'-remove_signoff'}) {
 				print "<span class=\"signoff\">" . esc_html($line) . "</span><br/>\n";
-				next;
-			} else {
-				# remove signoff lines
-				next;
+				$skip_blank_line = 1;
 			}
-		} else {
-			$signoff = 0;
+			next;
+		}
+
+		if ($line =~ m,\s*([a-z]*link): (https?://\S+),i) {
+			if (! $opts{'-remove_signoff'}) {
+				print "<span class=\"signoff\">" . esc_html($1) . ": " .
+					"<a href=\"" . esc_html($2) . "\">" . esc_html($2) . "</a>" .
+					"</span><br/>\n";
+				$skip_blank_line = 1;
+			}
+			next;
 		}
 
 		# print only one empty line
 		# do not print empty line after signoff
 		if ($line eq "") {
-			next if ($empty || $signoff);
-			$empty = 1;
+			next if ($skip_blank_line);
+			$skip_blank_line = 1;
 		} else {
-			$empty = 0;
+			$skip_blank_line = 0;
 		}
 
 		print format_log_line_html($line) . "<br/>\n";
@@ -4491,7 +4607,7 @@ sub git_print_log {
 
 	if ($opts{'-final_empty_line'}) {
 		# end with single empty line
-		print "<br/>\n" unless $empty;
+		print "<br/>\n" unless $skip_blank_line;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -4993,10 +5109,186 @@ sub git_difftree_body {
 	print "</table>\n";
 }
 
-sub print_sidebyside_diff_chunk {
-	my @chunk = @_;
+# Print context lines and then rem/add lines in a side-by-side manner.
+sub print_sidebyside_diff_lines {
+	my ($ctx, $rem, $add) = @_;
+
+	# print context block before add/rem block
+	if (@$ctx) {
+		print join '',
+			'<div class="chunk_block ctx">',
+				'<div class="old">',
+				@$ctx,
+				'</div>',
+				'<div class="new">',
+				@$ctx,
+				'</div>',
+			'</div>';
+	}
+
+	if (!@$add) {
+		# pure removal
+		print join '',
+			'<div class="chunk_block rem">',
+				'<div class="old">',
+				@$rem,
+				'</div>',
+			'</div>';
+	} elsif (!@$rem) {
+		# pure addition
+		print join '',
+			'<div class="chunk_block add">',
+				'<div class="new">',
+				@$add,
+				'</div>',
+			'</div>';
+	} else {
+		print join '',
+			'<div class="chunk_block chg">',
+				'<div class="old">',
+				@$rem,
+				'</div>',
+				'<div class="new">',
+				@$add,
+				'</div>',
+			'</div>';
+	}
+}
+
+# Print context lines and then rem/add lines in inline manner.
+sub print_inline_diff_lines {
+	my ($ctx, $rem, $add) = @_;
+
+	print @$ctx, @$rem, @$add;
+}
+
+# Format removed and added line, mark changed part and HTML-format them.
+# Implementation is based on contrib/diff-highlight
+sub format_rem_add_lines_pair {
+	my ($rem, $add, $num_parents) = @_;
+
+	# We need to untabify lines before split()'ing them;
+	# otherwise offsets would be invalid.
+	chomp $rem;
+	chomp $add;
+	$rem = untabify($rem);
+	$add = untabify($add);
+
+	my @rem = split(//, $rem);
+	my @add = split(//, $add);
+	my ($esc_rem, $esc_add);
+	# Ignore leading +/- characters for each parent.
+	my ($prefix_len, $suffix_len) = ($num_parents, 0);
+	my ($prefix_has_nonspace, $suffix_has_nonspace);
+
+	my $shorter = (@rem < @add) ? @rem : @add;
+	while ($prefix_len < $shorter) {
+		last if ($rem[$prefix_len] ne $add[$prefix_len]);
+
+		$prefix_has_nonspace = 1 if ($rem[$prefix_len] !~ /\s/);
+		$prefix_len++;
+	}
+
+	while ($prefix_len + $suffix_len < $shorter) {
+		last if ($rem[-1 - $suffix_len] ne $add[-1 - $suffix_len]);
+
+		$suffix_has_nonspace = 1 if ($rem[-1 - $suffix_len] !~ /\s/);
+		$suffix_len++;
+	}
+
+	# Mark lines that are different from each other, but have some common
+	# part that isn't whitespace.  If lines are completely different, don't
+	# mark them because that would make output unreadable, especially if
+	# diff consists of multiple lines.
+	if ($prefix_has_nonspace || $suffix_has_nonspace) {
+		$esc_rem = esc_html_hl_regions($rem, 'marked',
+		        [$prefix_len, @rem - $suffix_len], -nbsp=>1);
+		$esc_add = esc_html_hl_regions($add, 'marked',
+		        [$prefix_len, @add - $suffix_len], -nbsp=>1);
+	} else {
+		$esc_rem = esc_html($rem, -nbsp=>1);
+		$esc_add = esc_html($add, -nbsp=>1);
+	}
+
+	return format_diff_line(\$esc_rem, 'rem'),
+	       format_diff_line(\$esc_add, 'add');
+}
+
+# HTML-format diff context, removed and added lines.
+sub format_ctx_rem_add_lines {
+	my ($ctx, $rem, $add, $num_parents) = @_;
+	my (@new_ctx, @new_rem, @new_add);
+	my $can_highlight = 0;
+	my $is_combined = ($num_parents > 1);
+
+	# Highlight if every removed line has a corresponding added line.
+	if (@$add > 0 && @$add == @$rem) {
+		$can_highlight = 1;
+
+		# Highlight lines in combined diff only if the chunk contains
+		# diff between the same version, e.g.
+		#
+		#    - a
+		#   -  b
+		#    + c
+		#   +  d
+		#
+		# Otherwise the highlightling would be confusing.
+		if ($is_combined) {
+			for (my $i = 0; $i < @$add; $i++) {
+				my $prefix_rem = substr($rem->[$i], 0, $num_parents);
+				my $prefix_add = substr($add->[$i], 0, $num_parents);
+
+				$prefix_rem =~ s/-/+/g;
+
+				if ($prefix_rem ne $prefix_add) {
+					$can_highlight = 0;
+					last;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($can_highlight) {
+		for (my $i = 0; $i < @$add; $i++) {
+			my ($line_rem, $line_add) = format_rem_add_lines_pair(
+			        $rem->[$i], $add->[$i], $num_parents);
+			push @new_rem, $line_rem;
+			push @new_add, $line_add;
+		}
+	} else {
+		@new_rem = map { format_diff_line($_, 'rem') } @$rem;
+		@new_add = map { format_diff_line($_, 'add') } @$add;
+	}
+
+	@new_ctx = map { format_diff_line($_, 'ctx') } @$ctx;
+
+	return (\@new_ctx, \@new_rem, \@new_add);
+}
+
+# Print context lines and then rem/add lines.
+sub print_diff_lines {
+	my ($ctx, $rem, $add, $diff_style, $num_parents) = @_;
+	my $is_combined = $num_parents > 1;
+
+	($ctx, $rem, $add) = format_ctx_rem_add_lines($ctx, $rem, $add,
+	        $num_parents);
+
+	if ($diff_style eq 'sidebyside' && !$is_combined) {
+		print_sidebyside_diff_lines($ctx, $rem, $add);
+	} else {
+		# default 'inline' style and unknown styles
+		print_inline_diff_lines($ctx, $rem, $add);
+	}
+}
+
+sub print_diff_chunk {
+	my ($diff_style, $num_parents, $from, $to, @chunk) = @_;
 	my (@ctx, @rem, @add);
 
+	# The class of the previous line.
+	my $prev_class = '';
+
 	return unless @chunk;
 
 	# incomplete last line might be among removed or added lines,
@@ -5015,55 +5307,19 @@ sub print_sidebyside_diff_chunk {
 
 		# print chunk headers
 		if ($class && $class eq 'chunk_header') {
-			print $line;
+			print format_diff_line($line, $class, $from, $to);
 			next;
 		}
 
-		## print from accumulator when type of class of lines change
-		# empty contents block on start rem/add block, or end of chunk
-		if (@ctx && (!$class || $class eq 'rem' || $class eq 'add')) {
-			print join '',
-				'<div class="chunk_block ctx">',
-					'<div class="old">',
-					@ctx,
-					'</div>',
-					'<div class="new">',
-					@ctx,
-					'</div>',
-				'</div>';
-			@ctx = ();
-		}
-		# empty add/rem block on start context block, or end of chunk
-		if ((@rem || @add) && (!$class || $class eq 'ctx')) {
-			if (!@add) {
-				# pure removal
-				print join '',
-					'<div class="chunk_block rem">',
-						'<div class="old">',
-						@rem,
-						'</div>',
-					'</div>';
-			} elsif (!@rem) {
-				# pure addition
-				print join '',
-					'<div class="chunk_block add">',
-						'<div class="new">',
-						@add,
-						'</div>',
-					'</div>';
-			} else {
-				# assume that it is change
-				print join '',
-					'<div class="chunk_block chg">',
-						'<div class="old">',
-						@rem,
-						'</div>',
-						'<div class="new">',
-						@add,
-						'</div>',
-					'</div>';
-			}
-			@rem = @add = ();
+		## print from accumulator when have some add/rem lines or end
+		# of chunk (flush context lines), or when have add and rem
+		# lines and new block is reached (otherwise add/rem lines could
+		# be reordered)
+		if (!$class || ((@rem || @add) && $class eq 'ctx') ||
+		    (@rem && @add && $class ne $prev_class)) {
+			print_diff_lines(\@ctx, \@rem, \@add,
+		                         $diff_style, $num_parents);
+			@ctx = @rem = @add = ();
 		}
 
 		## adding lines to accumulator
@@ -5079,6 +5335,8 @@ sub print_sidebyside_diff_chunk {
 		if ($class eq 'ctx') {
 			push @ctx, $line;
 		}
+
+		$prev_class = $class;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -5200,27 +5458,19 @@ sub git_patchset_body {
 
 			next PATCH if ($patch_line =~ m/^diff /);
 
-			my ($class, $line) = process_diff_line($patch_line, \%from, \%to);
-			my $diff_classes = "diff";
-			$diff_classes .= " $class" if ($class);
-			$line = "<div class=\"$diff_classes\">$line</div>\n";
+			my $class = diff_line_class($patch_line, \%from, \%to);
 
-			if ($diff_style eq 'sidebyside' && !$is_combined) {
-				if ($class eq 'chunk_header') {
-					print_sidebyside_diff_chunk(@chunk);
-					@chunk = ( [ $class, $line ] );
-				} else {
-					push @chunk, [ $class, $line ];
-				}
-			} else {
-				# default 'inline' style and unknown styles
-				print $line;
+			if ($class eq 'chunk_header') {
+				print_diff_chunk($diff_style, scalar @hash_parents, \%from, \%to, @chunk);
+				@chunk = ();
 			}
+
+			push @chunk, [ $class, $patch_line ];
 		}
 
 	} continue {
 		if (@chunk) {
-			print_sidebyside_diff_chunk(@chunk);
+			print_diff_chunk($diff_style, scalar @hash_parents, \%from, \%to, @chunk);
 			@chunk = ();
 		}
 		print "</div>\n"; # class="patch"
@@ -5264,7 +5514,7 @@ sub git_project_search_form {
 	}
 
 	print "<div class=\"projsearch\">\n";
-	print $cgi->startform(-method => 'get', -action => $my_uri) .
+	print $cgi->start_form(-method => 'get', -action => $my_uri) .
 	      $cgi->hidden(-name => 'a', -value => 'project_list')  . "\n";
 	print $cgi->hidden(-name => 'pf', -value => $project_filter). "\n"
 		if (defined $project_filter);
@@ -5360,23 +5610,30 @@ sub fill_project_list_info {
 
 sub sort_projects_list {
 	my ($projlist, $order) = @_;
-	my @projects;
 
-	my %order_info = (
-		project => { key => 'path', type => 'str' },
-		descr => { key => 'descr_long', type => 'str' },
-		owner => { key => 'owner', type => 'str' },
-		age => { key => 'age', type => 'num' }
-	);
-	my $oi = $order_info{$order};
-	return @$projlist unless defined $oi;
-	if ($oi->{'type'} eq 'str') {
-		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} cmp $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @$projlist;
-	} else {
-		@projects = sort {$a->{$oi->{'key'}} <=> $b->{$oi->{'key'}}} @$projlist;
+	sub order_str {
+		my $key = shift;
+		return sub { $a->{$key} cmp $b->{$key} };
 	}
 
-	return @projects;
+	sub order_num_then_undef {
+		my $key = shift;
+		return sub {
+			defined $a->{$key} ?
+				(defined $b->{$key} ? $a->{$key} <=> $b->{$key} : -1) :
+				(defined $b->{$key} ? 1 : 0)
+		};
+	}
+
+	my %orderings = (
+		project => order_str('path'),
+		descr => order_str('descr_long'),
+		owner => order_str('owner'),
+		age => order_num_then_undef('age'),
+	);
+
+	my $ordering = $orderings{$order};
+	return defined $ordering ? sort $ordering @$projlist : @$projlist;
 }
 
 # returns a hash of categories, containing the list of project
@@ -5460,11 +5717,15 @@ sub git_project_list_rows {
 		                        ? esc_html_match_hl_chopped($pr->{'descr_long'},
 		                                                    $pr->{'descr'}, $search_regexp)
 		                        : esc_html($pr->{'descr'})) .
-		      "</td>\n" .
-		      "<td><i>" . chop_and_escape_str($pr->{'owner'}, 15) . "</i></td>\n";
-		print "<td class=\"". age_class($pr->{'age'}) . "\">" .
-		      (defined $pr->{'age_string'} ? $pr->{'age_string'} : "No commits") . "</td>\n" .
-		      "<td class=\"link\">" .
+		      "</td>\n";
+		unless ($omit_owner) {
+		        print "<td><i>" . chop_and_escape_str($pr->{'owner'}, 15) . "</i></td>\n";
+		}
+		unless ($omit_age_column) {
+		        print "<td class=\"". age_class($pr->{'age'}) . "\">" .
+		            (defined $pr->{'age_string'} ? $pr->{'age_string'} : "No commits") . "</td>\n";
+		}
+		print"<td class=\"link\">" .
 		      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"summary")}, "summary")   . " | " .
 		      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"shortlog")}, "shortlog") . " | " .
 		      $cgi->a({-href => href(project=>$pr->{'path'}, action=>"log")}, "log") . " | " .
@@ -5484,18 +5745,21 @@ sub git_project_list_body {
 	my $show_ctags  = gitweb_check_feature('ctags');
 	my $tagfilter = $show_ctags ? $input_params{'ctag'} : undef;
 	$check_forks = undef
-		if ($tagfilter || $searchtext);
+		if ($tagfilter || $search_regexp);
 
 	# filtering out forks before filling info allows to do less work
 	@projects = filter_forks_from_projects_list(\@projects)
 		if ($check_forks);
 	# search_projects_list pre-fills required info
 	@projects = search_projects_list(\@projects,
-	                                 'searchtext' => $searchtext,
+	                                 'search_regexp' => $search_regexp,
 	                                 'tagfilter'  => $tagfilter)
-		if ($tagfilter || $searchtext);
+		if ($tagfilter || $search_regexp);
 	# fill the rest
-	@projects = fill_project_list_info(\@projects);
+	my @all_fields = ('descr', 'descr_long', 'ctags', 'category');
+	push @all_fields, ('age', 'age_string') unless($omit_age_column);
+	push @all_fields, 'owner' unless($omit_owner);
+	@projects = fill_project_list_info(\@projects, @all_fields);
 
 	$order ||= $default_projects_order;
 	$from = 0 unless defined $from;
@@ -5526,8 +5790,8 @@ sub git_project_list_body {
 		}
 		print_sort_th('project', $order, 'Project');
 		print_sort_th('descr', $order, 'Description');
-		print_sort_th('owner', $order, 'Owner');
-		print_sort_th('age', $order, 'Last Change');
+		print_sort_th('owner', $order, 'Owner') unless $omit_owner;
+		print_sort_th('age', $order, 'Last Change') unless $omit_age_column;
 		print "<th></th>\n" . # for links
 		      "</tr>\n";
 	}
@@ -6280,8 +6544,10 @@ sub git_summary {
 
 	print "<div class=\"title\">&nbsp;</div>\n";
 	print "<table class=\"projects_list\">\n" .
-	      "<tr id=\"metadata_desc\"><td>description</td><td>" . esc_html($descr) . "</td></tr>\n" .
-	      "<tr id=\"metadata_owner\"><td>owner</td><td>" . esc_html($owner) . "</td></tr>\n";
+	      "<tr id=\"metadata_desc\"><td>description</td><td>" . esc_html($descr) . "</td></tr>\n";
+        if ($owner and not $omit_owner) {
+	        print  "<tr id=\"metadata_owner\"><td>owner</td><td>" . esc_html($owner) . "</td></tr>\n";
+        }
 	if (defined $cd{'rfc2822'}) {
 		print "<tr id=\"metadata_lchange\"><td>last change</td>" .
 		      "<td>".format_timestamp_html(\%cd)."</td></tr>\n";
@@ -6442,6 +6708,7 @@ sub git_blame_common {
 			$hash_base, '--', $file_name
 			or die_error(500, "Open git-blame --porcelain failed");
 	}
+	binmode $fd, ':utf8';
 
 	# incremental blame data returns early
 	if ($format eq 'data') {
@@ -6831,7 +7098,7 @@ sub git_blob {
 	git_print_page_path($file_name, "blob", $hash_base);
 	print "<div class=\"page_body\">\n";
 	if ($mimetype =~ m!^image/!) {
-		print qq!<img type="!.esc_attr($mimetype).qq!"!;
+		print qq!<img class="blob" type="!.esc_attr($mimetype).qq!"!;
 		if ($file_name) {
 			print qq! alt="!.esc_attr($file_name).qq!" title="!.esc_attr($file_name).qq!"!;
 		}
@@ -6966,6 +7233,15 @@ sub git_tree {
 	git_footer_html();
 }
 
+sub sanitize_for_filename {
+    my $name = shift;
+
+    $name =~ s!/!-!g;
+    $name =~ s/[^[:alnum:]_.-]//g;
+
+    return $name;
+}
+
 sub snapshot_name {
 	my ($project, $hash) = @_;
 
@@ -6973,9 +7249,7 @@ sub snapshot_name {
 	# path/to/project/.git -> project
 	my $name = to_utf8($project);
 	$name =~ s,([^/])/*\.git$,$1,;
-	$name = basename($name);
-	# sanitize name
-	$name =~ s/[[:cntrl:]]/?/g;
+	$name = sanitize_for_filename(basename($name));
 
 	my $ver = $hash;
 	if ($hash =~ /^[0-9a-fA-F]+$/) {
@@ -6989,13 +7263,25 @@ sub snapshot_name {
 		$ver = $1;
 	} else {
 		# branches and other need shortened SHA-1 hash
-		if ($hash =~ m!^refs/(?:heads|remotes)/(.*)$!) {
-			$ver = $1;
+		my $strip_refs = join '|', map { quotemeta } get_branch_refs();
+		if ($hash =~ m!^refs/($strip_refs|remotes)/(.*)$!) {
+			my $ref_dir = (defined $1) ? $1 : '';
+			$ver = $2;
+
+			$ref_dir = sanitize_for_filename($ref_dir);
+			# for refs neither in heads nor remotes we want to
+			# add a ref dir to archive name
+			if ($ref_dir ne '' and $ref_dir ne 'heads' and $ref_dir ne 'remotes') {
+				$ver = $ref_dir . '-' . $ver;
+			}
 		}
 		$ver .= '-' . git_get_short_hash($project, $hash);
 	}
+	# special case of sanitization for filename - we change
+	# slashes to dots instead of dashes
 	# in case of hierarchical branch names
 	$ver =~ s!/!.!g;
+	$ver =~ s/[^[:alnum:]_.-]//g;
 
 	# name = project-version_string
 	$name = "$name-$ver";
@@ -7003,6 +7289,28 @@ sub snapshot_name {
 	return wantarray ? ($name, $name) : $name;
 }
 
+sub exit_if_unmodified_since {
+	my ($latest_epoch) = @_;
+	our $cgi;
+
+	my $if_modified = $cgi->http('IF_MODIFIED_SINCE');
+	if (defined $if_modified) {
+		my $since;
+		if (eval { require HTTP::Date; 1; }) {
+			$since = HTTP::Date::str2time($if_modified);
+		} elsif (eval { require Time::ParseDate; 1; }) {
+			$since = Time::ParseDate::parsedate($if_modified, GMT => 1);
+		}
+		if (defined $since && $latest_epoch <= $since) {
+			my %latest_date = parse_date($latest_epoch);
+			print $cgi->header(
+				-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'},
+				-status => '304 Not Modified');
+			goto DONE_GITWEB;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 sub git_snapshot {
 	my $format = $input_params{'snapshot_format'};
 	if (!@snapshot_fmts) {
@@ -7029,6 +7337,10 @@ sub git_snapshot {
 
 	my ($name, $prefix) = snapshot_name($project, $hash);
 	my $filename = "$name$known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'suffix'}";
+
+	my %co = parse_commit($hash);
+	exit_if_unmodified_since($co{'committer_epoch'}) if %co;
+
 	my $cmd = quote_command(
 		git_cmd(), 'archive',
 		"--format=$known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'format'}",
@@ -7038,9 +7350,15 @@ sub git_snapshot {
 	}
 
 	$filename =~ s/(["\\])/\\$1/g;
+	my %latest_date;
+	if (%co) {
+		%latest_date = parse_date($co{'committer_epoch'}, $co{'committer_tz'});
+	}
+
 	print $cgi->header(
 		-type => $known_snapshot_formats{$format}{'type'},
 		-content_disposition => 'inline; filename="' . $filename . '"',
+		%co ? (-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'}) : (),
 		-status => '200 OK');
 
 	open my $fd, "-|", $cmd
@@ -7269,7 +7587,7 @@ sub git_object {
 		system(git_cmd(), "cat-file", '-e', $hash_base) == 0
 			or die_error(404, "Base object does not exist");
 
-		# here errors should not hapen
+		# here errors should not happen
 		open my $fd, "-|", git_cmd(), "ls-tree", $hash_base, "--", $file_name
 			or die_error(500, "Open git-ls-tree failed");
 		my $line = <$fd>;
@@ -7820,33 +8138,14 @@ sub git_feed {
 	if (defined($commitlist[0])) {
 		%latest_commit = %{$commitlist[0]};
 		my $latest_epoch = $latest_commit{'committer_epoch'};
-		%latest_date   = parse_date($latest_epoch, $latest_commit{'comitter_tz'});
-		my $if_modified = $cgi->http('IF_MODIFIED_SINCE');
-		if (defined $if_modified) {
-			my $since;
-			if (eval { require HTTP::Date; 1; }) {
-				$since = HTTP::Date::str2time($if_modified);
-			} elsif (eval { require Time::ParseDate; 1; }) {
-				$since = Time::ParseDate::parsedate($if_modified, GMT => 1);
-			}
-			if (defined $since && $latest_epoch <= $since) {
-				print $cgi->header(
-					-type => $content_type,
-					-charset => 'utf-8',
-					-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'},
-					-status => '304 Not Modified');
-				return;
-			}
-		}
-		print $cgi->header(
-			-type => $content_type,
-			-charset => 'utf-8',
-			-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'});
-	} else {
-		print $cgi->header(
-			-type => $content_type,
-			-charset => 'utf-8');
+		exit_if_unmodified_since($latest_epoch);
+		%latest_date = parse_date($latest_epoch, $latest_commit{'committer_tz'});
 	}
+	print $cgi->header(
+		-type => $content_type,
+		-charset => 'utf-8',
+		%latest_date ? (-last_modified => $latest_date{'rfc2822'}) : (),
+		-status => '200 OK');
 
 	# Optimization: skip generating the body if client asks only
 	# for Last-Modified date.
@@ -7867,6 +8166,7 @@ sub git_feed {
 		$feed_type = 'history';
 	}
 	$title .= " $feed_type";
+	$title = esc_html($title);
 	my $descr = git_get_project_description($project);
 	if (defined $descr) {
 		$descr = esc_html($descr);
diff --git a/gitweb/static/gitweb.css b/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
index c530355a7c..3212601032 100644
--- a/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
+++ b/gitweb/static/gitweb.css
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ img.avatar {
 	vertical-align: middle;
 }
 
+img.blob {
+	max-height: 100%;
+	max-width: 100%;
+}
+
 a.list img.avatar {
 	border-style: none;
 }
@@ -68,12 +73,13 @@ div.page_path {
 }
 
 div.page_footer {
-	height: 17px;
+	height: 22px;
 	padding: 4px 8px;
 	background-color: #d9d8d1;
 }
 
 div.page_footer_text {
+	line-height: 22px;
 	float: left;
 	color: #555555;
 	font-style: italic;
@@ -438,6 +444,10 @@ div.diff.add {
 	color: #008800;
 }
 
+div.diff.add span.marked {
+	background-color: #aaffaa;
+}
+
 div.diff.from_file a.path,
 div.diff.from_file {
 	color: #aa0000;
@@ -447,6 +457,10 @@ div.diff.rem {
 	color: #cc0000;
 }
 
+div.diff.rem span.marked {
+	background-color: #ffaaaa;
+}
+
 div.diff.chunk_header a,
 div.diff.chunk_header {
 	color: #990099;
@@ -540,8 +554,7 @@ a.linenr {
 
 a.rss_logo {
 	float: right;
-	padding: 3px 0px;
-	width: 35px;
+	padding: 3px 5px;
 	line-height: 10px;
 	border: 1px solid;
 	border-color: #fcc7a5 #7d3302 #3e1a01 #ff954e;
diff --git a/gitweb/static/js/lib/cookies.js b/gitweb/static/js/lib/cookies.js
index 72b51cd1b4..66b9a072a4 100644
--- a/gitweb/static/js/lib/cookies.js
+++ b/gitweb/static/js/lib/cookies.js
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
  *                            If a negative value is specified or a date in the past),
  *                            the cookie will be deleted.
  *                            If set to null or omitted, the cookie will be a session cookie
- *                            and will not be retained when the the browser exits.
+ *                            and will not be retained when the browser exits.
  * @param {String} [options.path] Restrict access of a cookie to particular directory
  *                               (default: path of page that created the cookie).
  * @param {String} [options.domain] Override what web sites are allowed to access cookie
diff --git a/gpg-interface.c b/gpg-interface.c
index 09ab64aa24..68b0c814f7 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.c
+++ b/gpg-interface.c
@@ -7,6 +7,77 @@
 static char *configured_signing_key;
 static const char *gpg_program = "gpg";
 
+#define PGP_SIGNATURE "-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----"
+#define PGP_MESSAGE "-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----"
+
+void signature_check_clear(struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	free(sigc->payload);
+	free(sigc->gpg_output);
+	free(sigc->gpg_status);
+	free(sigc->signer);
+	free(sigc->key);
+	sigc->payload = NULL;
+	sigc->gpg_output = NULL;
+	sigc->gpg_status = NULL;
+	sigc->signer = NULL;
+	sigc->key = NULL;
+}
+
+static struct {
+	char result;
+	const char *check;
+} sigcheck_gpg_status[] = {
+	{ 'G', "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG " },
+	{ 'B', "\n[GNUPG:] BADSIG " },
+	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_NEVER" },
+	{ 'U', "\n[GNUPG:] TRUST_UNDEFINED" },
+};
+
+void parse_gpg_output(struct signature_check *sigc)
+{
+	const char *buf = sigc->gpg_status;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Iterate over all search strings */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sigcheck_gpg_status); i++) {
+		const char *found, *next;
+
+		if (!skip_prefix(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check + 1, &found)) {
+			found = strstr(buf, sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
+			if (!found)
+				continue;
+			found += strlen(sigcheck_gpg_status[i].check);
+		}
+		sigc->result = sigcheck_gpg_status[i].result;
+		/* The trust messages are not followed by key/signer information */
+		if (sigc->result != 'U') {
+			sigc->key = xmemdupz(found, 16);
+			found += 17;
+			next = strchrnul(found, '\n');
+			sigc->signer = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Look at GPG signed content (e.g. a signed tag object), whose
+ * payload is followed by a detached signature on it.  Return the
+ * offset where the embedded detached signature begins, or the end of
+ * the data when there is no such signature.
+ */
+size_t parse_signature(const char *buf, unsigned long size)
+{
+	char *eol;
+	size_t len = 0;
+	while (len < size && !starts_with(buf + len, PGP_SIGNATURE) &&
+			!starts_with(buf + len, PGP_MESSAGE)) {
+		eol = memchr(buf + len, '\n', size - len);
+		len += eol ? eol - (buf + len) + 1 : size - len;
+	}
+	return len;
+}
+
 void set_signing_key(const char *key)
 {
 	free(configured_signing_key);
@@ -30,7 +101,7 @@ const char *get_signing_key(void)
 {
 	if (configured_signing_key)
 		return configured_signing_key;
-	return git_committer_info(IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME|IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	return git_committer_info(IDENT_STRICT|IDENT_NO_DATE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -41,12 +112,11 @@ const char *get_signing_key(void)
  */
 int sign_buffer(struct strbuf *buffer, struct strbuf *signature, const char *signing_key)
 {
-	struct child_process gpg;
+	struct child_process gpg = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *args[4];
 	ssize_t len;
 	size_t i, j, bottom;
 
-	memset(&gpg, 0, sizeof(gpg));
 	gpg.argv = args;
 	gpg.in = -1;
 	gpg.out = -1;
@@ -96,45 +166,58 @@ int sign_buffer(struct strbuf *buffer, struct strbuf *signature, const char *sig
 /*
  * Run "gpg" to see if the payload matches the detached signature.
  * gpg_output, when set, receives the diagnostic output from GPG.
+ * gpg_status, when set, receives the status output from GPG.
  */
 int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size,
 			 const char *signature, size_t signature_size,
-			 struct strbuf *gpg_output)
+			 struct strbuf *gpg_output, struct strbuf *gpg_status)
 {
-	struct child_process gpg;
-	const char *args_gpg[] = {NULL, "--verify", "FILE", "-", NULL};
+	struct child_process gpg = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *args_gpg[] = {NULL, "--status-fd=1", "--verify", "FILE", "-", NULL};
 	char path[PATH_MAX];
 	int fd, ret;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf *pbuf = &buf;
 
 	args_gpg[0] = gpg_program;
 	fd = git_mkstemp(path, PATH_MAX, ".git_vtag_tmpXXXXXX");
 	if (fd < 0)
-		return error("could not create temporary file '%s': %s",
+		return error(_("could not create temporary file '%s': %s"),
 			     path, strerror(errno));
 	if (write_in_full(fd, signature, signature_size) < 0)
-		return error("failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s",
+		return error(_("failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"),
 			     path, strerror(errno));
 	close(fd);
 
-	memset(&gpg, 0, sizeof(gpg));
 	gpg.argv = args_gpg;
 	gpg.in = -1;
+	gpg.out = -1;
 	if (gpg_output)
 		gpg.err = -1;
-	args_gpg[2] = path;
+	args_gpg[3] = path;
 	if (start_command(&gpg)) {
 		unlink(path);
-		return error("could not run gpg.");
+		return error(_("could not run gpg."));
 	}
 
 	write_in_full(gpg.in, payload, payload_size);
 	close(gpg.in);
 
-	if (gpg_output)
+	if (gpg_output) {
 		strbuf_read(gpg_output, gpg.err, 0);
+		close(gpg.err);
+	}
+	if (gpg_status)
+		pbuf = gpg_status;
+	strbuf_read(pbuf, gpg.out, 0);
+	close(gpg.out);
+
 	ret = finish_command(&gpg);
 
 	unlink_or_warn(path);
 
+	ret |= !strstr(pbuf->buf, "\n[GNUPG:] GOODSIG ");
+	strbuf_release(&buf); /* no matter it was used or not */
+
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/gpg-interface.h b/gpg-interface.h
index b9c36088ce..87a4f2e3fa 100644
--- a/gpg-interface.h
+++ b/gpg-interface.h
@@ -1,8 +1,29 @@
 #ifndef GPG_INTERFACE_H
 #define GPG_INTERFACE_H
 
+struct signature_check {
+	char *payload;
+	char *gpg_output;
+	char *gpg_status;
+
+	/*
+	 * possible "result":
+	 * 0 (not checked)
+	 * N (checked but no further result)
+	 * U (untrusted good)
+	 * G (good)
+	 * B (bad)
+	 */
+	char result;
+	char *signer;
+	char *key;
+};
+
+extern void signature_check_clear(struct signature_check *sigc);
+extern size_t parse_signature(const char *buf, unsigned long size);
+extern void parse_gpg_output(struct signature_check *);
 extern int sign_buffer(struct strbuf *buffer, struct strbuf *signature, const char *signing_key);
-extern int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size, const char *signature, size_t signature_size, struct strbuf *gpg_output);
+extern int verify_signed_buffer(const char *payload, size_t payload_size, const char *signature, size_t signature_size, struct strbuf *gpg_output, struct strbuf *gpg_status);
 extern int git_gpg_config(const char *, const char *, void *);
 extern void set_signing_key(const char *);
 extern const char *get_signing_key(void);
diff --git a/graph.c b/graph.c
index 7358416a72..c25a09a8fd 100644
--- a/graph.c
+++ b/graph.c
@@ -194,8 +194,10 @@ static struct strbuf *diff_output_prefix_callback(struct diff_options *opt, void
 	struct git_graph *graph = data;
 	static struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	assert(opt);
 	assert(graph);
 
+	opt->output_prefix_length = graph->width;
 	strbuf_reset(&msgbuf);
 	graph_padding_line(graph, &msgbuf);
 	return &msgbuf;
@@ -245,6 +247,7 @@ struct git_graph *graph_init(struct rev_info *opt)
 	 */
 	opt->diffopt.output_prefix = diff_output_prefix_callback;
 	opt->diffopt.output_prefix_data = graph;
+	opt->diffopt.output_prefix_length = 0;
 
 	return graph;
 }
@@ -264,16 +267,10 @@ static void graph_ensure_capacity(struct git_graph *graph, int num_columns)
 		graph->column_capacity *= 2;
 	} while (graph->column_capacity < num_columns);
 
-	graph->columns = xrealloc(graph->columns,
-				  sizeof(struct column) *
-				  graph->column_capacity);
-	graph->new_columns = xrealloc(graph->new_columns,
-				      sizeof(struct column) *
-				      graph->column_capacity);
-	graph->mapping = xrealloc(graph->mapping,
-				  sizeof(int) * 2 * graph->column_capacity);
-	graph->new_mapping = xrealloc(graph->new_mapping,
-				      sizeof(int) * 2 * graph->column_capacity);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(graph->columns, graph->column_capacity);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(graph->new_columns, graph->column_capacity);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(graph->mapping, graph->column_capacity * 2);
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(graph->new_mapping, graph->column_capacity * 2);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -798,10 +795,10 @@ static int graph_draw_octopus_merge(struct git_graph *graph,
 	int num_dashes =
 		((graph->num_parents - dashless_commits) * 2) - 1;
 	for (i = 0; i < num_dashes; i++) {
-		col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits;
+		col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits + graph->commit_index;
 		strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[col_num], '-');
 	}
-	col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits;
+	col_num = (i / 2) + dashless_commits + graph->commit_index;
 	strbuf_write_column(sb, &graph->new_columns[col_num], '.');
 	return num_dashes + 1;
 }
@@ -1142,7 +1139,7 @@ int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
 
 static void graph_padding_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	int i, j;
+	int i;
 
 	if (graph->state != GRAPH_COMMIT) {
 		graph_next_line(graph, sb);
@@ -1158,21 +1155,11 @@ static void graph_padding_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb)
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < graph->num_columns; i++) {
 		struct column *col = &graph->columns[i];
-		struct commit *col_commit = col->commit;
-		if (col_commit == graph->commit) {
-			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
-
-			if (graph->num_parents < 3)
-				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-			else {
-				int num_spaces = ((graph->num_parents - 2) * 2);
-				for (j = 0; j < num_spaces; j++)
-					strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-			}
-		} else {
-			strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+		strbuf_write_column(sb, col, '|');
+		if (col->commit == graph->commit && graph->num_parents > 2)
+			strbuf_addchars(sb, ' ', (graph->num_parents - 2) * 2);
+		else
 			strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-		}
 	}
 
 	graph_pad_horizontally(graph, sb, graph->num_columns);
@@ -1196,7 +1183,17 @@ void graph_show_commit(struct git_graph *graph)
 	if (!graph)
 		return;
 
-	while (!shown_commit_line) {
+	/*
+	 * When showing a diff of a merge against each of its parents, we
+	 * are called once for each parent without graph_update having been
+	 * called.  In this case, simply output a single padding line.
+	 */
+	if (graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
+		graph_show_padding(graph);
+		shown_commit_line = 1;
+	}
+
+	while (!shown_commit_line && !graph_is_commit_finished(graph)) {
 		shown_commit_line = graph_next_line(graph, &msgbuf);
 		fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
 		if (!shown_commit_line)
diff --git a/graph.h b/graph.h
index aff960c7e8..0be62bd8b1 100644
--- a/graph.h
+++ b/graph.h
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ struct git_graph;
  * The 'colors_max' argument is the index of the last "reset" entry.
  *
  * This functions must be called BEFORE graph_init() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function isn't used in Git outside graph.c but it is used
+ * by CGit (http://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/) to use HTML for colors.
  */
 void graph_set_column_colors(const char **colors, unsigned short colors_max);
 
@@ -57,6 +60,9 @@ int graph_is_commit_finished(struct git_graph const *graph);
  * Returns 1 if the line includes the current commit, and 0 otherwise.
  * graph_next_line() will return 1 exactly once for each time
  * graph_update() is called.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function isn't used in Git outside graph.c but it is used
+ * by CGit (http://git.zx2c4.com/cgit/) to wrap HTML around graph lines.
  */
 int graph_next_line(struct git_graph *graph, struct strbuf *sb);
 
diff --git a/grep.c b/grep.c
index f492d267cc..b58c7c6434 100644
--- a/grep.c
+++ b/grep.c
@@ -2,19 +2,267 @@
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "diffcore.h"
 
-void append_header_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, enum grep_header_field field, const char *pat)
+static int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs);
+static int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs);
+
+static struct grep_opt grep_defaults;
+
+/*
+ * Initialize the grep_defaults template with hardcoded defaults.
+ * We could let the compiler do this, but without C99 initializers
+ * the code gets unwieldy and unreadable, so...
+ */
+void init_grep_defaults(void)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *opt = &grep_defaults;
+	static int run_once;
+
+	if (run_once)
+		return;
+	run_once++;
+
+	memset(opt, 0, sizeof(*opt));
+	opt->relative = 1;
+	opt->pathname = 1;
+	opt->regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
+	opt->max_depth = -1;
+	opt->pattern_type_option = GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
+	opt->extended_regexp_option = 0;
+	strcpy(opt->color_context, "");
+	strcpy(opt->color_filename, "");
+	strcpy(opt->color_function, "");
+	strcpy(opt->color_lineno, "");
+	strcpy(opt->color_match_context, GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED);
+	strcpy(opt->color_match_selected, GIT_COLOR_BOLD_RED);
+	strcpy(opt->color_selected, "");
+	strcpy(opt->color_sep, GIT_COLOR_CYAN);
+	opt->color = -1;
+}
+
+static int parse_pattern_type_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "default"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "basic"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "extended"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "fixed"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED;
+	else if (!strcmp(arg, "perl"))
+		return GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE;
+	die("bad %s argument: %s", opt, arg);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the configuration file once and store it in
+ * the grep_defaults template.
+ */
+int grep_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *opt = &grep_defaults;
+	char *color = NULL;
+
+	if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.extendedregexp")) {
+		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
+			opt->extended_regexp_option = 1;
+		else
+			opt->extended_regexp_option = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.patterntype")) {
+		opt->pattern_type_option = parse_pattern_type_arg(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.linenumber")) {
+		opt->linenum = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "grep.fullname")) {
+		opt->relative = !git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep"))
+		opt->color = git_config_colorbool(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.context"))
+		color = opt->color_context;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.filename"))
+		color = opt->color_filename;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.function"))
+		color = opt->color_function;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.linenumber"))
+		color = opt->color_lineno;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.matchcontext"))
+		color = opt->color_match_context;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.matchselected"))
+		color = opt->color_match_selected;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.selected"))
+		color = opt->color_selected;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.separator"))
+		color = opt->color_sep;
+	else if (!strcmp(var, "color.grep.match")) {
+		int rc = 0;
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		rc |= color_parse(value, opt->color_match_context);
+		rc |= color_parse(value, opt->color_match_selected);
+		return rc;
+	}
+
+	if (color) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		return color_parse(value, color);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize one instance of grep_opt and copy the
+ * default values from the template we read the configuration
+ * information in an earlier call to git_config(grep_config).
+ */
+void grep_init(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct grep_opt *def = &grep_defaults;
+
+	memset(opt, 0, sizeof(*opt));
+	opt->prefix = prefix;
+	opt->prefix_length = (prefix && *prefix) ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	opt->pattern_tail = &opt->pattern_list;
+	opt->header_tail = &opt->header_list;
+
+	opt->color = def->color;
+	opt->extended_regexp_option = def->extended_regexp_option;
+	opt->pattern_type_option = def->pattern_type_option;
+	opt->linenum = def->linenum;
+	opt->max_depth = def->max_depth;
+	opt->pathname = def->pathname;
+	opt->regflags = def->regflags;
+	opt->relative = def->relative;
+
+	strcpy(opt->color_context, def->color_context);
+	strcpy(opt->color_filename, def->color_filename);
+	strcpy(opt->color_function, def->color_function);
+	strcpy(opt->color_lineno, def->color_lineno);
+	strcpy(opt->color_match_context, def->color_match_context);
+	strcpy(opt->color_match_selected, def->color_match_selected);
+	strcpy(opt->color_selected, def->color_selected);
+	strcpy(opt->color_sep, def->color_sep);
+}
+
+void grep_commit_pattern_type(enum grep_pattern_type pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	if (pattern_type != GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED)
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(pattern_type, opt);
+	else if (opt->pattern_type_option != GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED)
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(opt->pattern_type_option, opt);
+	else if (opt->extended_regexp_option)
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE, opt);
+}
+
+void grep_set_pattern_type_option(enum grep_pattern_type pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	switch (pattern_type) {
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED:
+		/* fall through */
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE:
+		opt->fixed = 0;
+		opt->pcre = 0;
+		opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE:
+		opt->fixed = 0;
+		opt->pcre = 0;
+		opt->regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED:
+		opt->fixed = 1;
+		opt->pcre = 0;
+		opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE:
+		opt->fixed = 0;
+		opt->pcre = 1;
+		opt->regflags &= ~REG_EXTENDED;
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct grep_pat *create_grep_pat(const char *pat, size_t patlen,
+					const char *origin, int no,
+					enum grep_pat_token t,
+					enum grep_header_field field)
 {
 	struct grep_pat *p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
-	p->pattern = pat;
-	p->patternlen = strlen(pat);
-	p->origin = "header";
-	p->no = 0;
-	p->token = GREP_PATTERN_HEAD;
+	p->pattern = xmemdupz(pat, patlen);
+	p->patternlen = patlen;
+	p->origin = origin;
+	p->no = no;
+	p->token = t;
 	p->field = field;
-	*opt->header_tail = p;
-	opt->header_tail = &p->next;
+	return p;
+}
+
+static void do_append_grep_pat(struct grep_pat ***tail, struct grep_pat *p)
+{
+	**tail = p;
+	*tail = &p->next;
 	p->next = NULL;
+
+	switch (p->token) {
+	case GREP_PATTERN: /* atom */
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+		for (;;) {
+			struct grep_pat *new_pat;
+			size_t len = 0;
+			char *cp = p->pattern + p->patternlen, *nl = NULL;
+			while (++len <= p->patternlen) {
+				if (*(--cp) == '\n') {
+					nl = cp;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (!nl)
+				break;
+			new_pat = create_grep_pat(nl + 1, len - 1, p->origin,
+						  p->no, p->token, p->field);
+			new_pat->next = p->next;
+			if (!p->next)
+				*tail = &new_pat->next;
+			p->next = new_pat;
+			*nl = '\0';
+			p->patternlen -= len;
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+void append_header_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt,
+				enum grep_header_field field, const char *pat)
+{
+	struct grep_pat *p = create_grep_pat(pat, strlen(pat), "header", 0,
+					     GREP_PATTERN_HEAD, field);
+	if (field == GREP_HEADER_REFLOG)
+		opt->use_reflog_filter = 1;
+	do_append_grep_pat(&opt->header_tail, p);
 }
 
 void append_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat,
@@ -26,15 +274,8 @@ void append_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat,
 void append_grep_pat(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat, size_t patlen,
 		     const char *origin, int no, enum grep_pat_token t)
 {
-	struct grep_pat *p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*p));
-	p->pattern = pat;
-	p->patternlen = patlen;
-	p->origin = origin;
-	p->no = no;
-	p->token = t;
-	*opt->pattern_tail = p;
-	opt->pattern_tail = &p->next;
-	p->next = NULL;
+	struct grep_pat *p = create_grep_pat(pat, patlen, origin, no, t, 0);
+	do_append_grep_pat(&opt->pattern_tail, p);
 }
 
 struct grep_opt *grep_opt_dup(const struct grep_opt *opt)
@@ -168,15 +409,10 @@ static void compile_regexp(struct grep_pat *p, struct grep_opt *opt)
 		p->fixed = 0;
 
 	if (p->fixed) {
-		if (opt->regflags & REG_ICASE || p->ignore_case) {
-			static char trans[256];
-			int i;
-			for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
-				trans[i] = tolower(i);
-			p->kws = kwsalloc(trans);
-		} else {
+		if (opt->regflags & REG_ICASE || p->ignore_case)
+			p->kws = kwsalloc(tolower_trans_tbl);
+		else
 			p->kws = kwsalloc(NULL);
-		}
 		kwsincr(p->kws, p->pattern, p->patternlen);
 		kwsprep(p->kws);
 		return;
@@ -298,6 +534,87 @@ static struct grep_expr *compile_pattern_expr(struct grep_pat **list)
 	return compile_pattern_or(list);
 }
 
+static void indent(int in)
+{
+	while (in-- > 0)
+		fputc(' ', stderr);
+}
+
+static void dump_grep_pat(struct grep_pat *p)
+{
+	switch (p->token) {
+	case GREP_AND: fprintf(stderr, "*and*"); break;
+	case GREP_OPEN_PAREN: fprintf(stderr, "*(*"); break;
+	case GREP_CLOSE_PAREN: fprintf(stderr, "*)*"); break;
+	case GREP_NOT: fprintf(stderr, "*not*"); break;
+	case GREP_OR: fprintf(stderr, "*or*"); break;
+
+	case GREP_PATTERN: fprintf(stderr, "pattern"); break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD: fprintf(stderr, "pattern_head"); break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY: fprintf(stderr, "pattern_body"); break;
+	}
+
+	switch (p->token) {
+	default: break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+		fprintf(stderr, "<head %d>", p->field); break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+		fprintf(stderr, "<body>"); break;
+	}
+	switch (p->token) {
+	default: break;
+	case GREP_PATTERN_HEAD:
+	case GREP_PATTERN_BODY:
+	case GREP_PATTERN:
+		fprintf(stderr, "%.*s", (int)p->patternlen, p->pattern);
+		break;
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stderr);
+}
+
+static void dump_grep_expression_1(struct grep_expr *x, int in)
+{
+	indent(in);
+	switch (x->node) {
+	case GREP_NODE_TRUE:
+		fprintf(stderr, "true\n");
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_ATOM:
+		dump_grep_pat(x->u.atom);
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_NOT:
+		fprintf(stderr, "(not\n");
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.unary, in+1);
+		indent(in);
+		fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_AND:
+		fprintf(stderr, "(and\n");
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.left, in+1);
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.right, in+1);
+		indent(in);
+		fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+		break;
+	case GREP_NODE_OR:
+		fprintf(stderr, "(or\n");
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.left, in+1);
+		dump_grep_expression_1(x->u.binary.right, in+1);
+		indent(in);
+		fprintf(stderr, ")\n");
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_grep_expression(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	struct grep_expr *x = opt->pattern_expression;
+
+	if (opt->all_match)
+		fprintf(stderr, "[all-match]\n");
+	dump_grep_expression_1(x, 0);
+	fflush(NULL);
+}
+
 static struct grep_expr *grep_true_expr(void)
 {
 	struct grep_expr *z = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*z));
@@ -323,11 +640,12 @@ static struct grep_expr *prep_header_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 
 	if (!opt->header_list)
 		return NULL;
-	p = opt->header_list;
+
 	for (p = opt->header_list; p; p = p->next) {
 		if (p->token != GREP_PATTERN_HEAD)
 			die("bug: a non-header pattern in grep header list.");
-		if (p->field < 0 || GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
+		if (p->field < GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN ||
+		    GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX <= p->field)
 			die("bug: unknown header field %d", p->field);
 		compile_regexp(p, opt);
 	}
@@ -361,7 +679,23 @@ static struct grep_expr *prep_header_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 	return header_expr;
 }
 
-void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
+static struct grep_expr *grep_splice_or(struct grep_expr *x, struct grep_expr *y)
+{
+	struct grep_expr *z = x;
+
+	while (x) {
+		assert(x->node == GREP_NODE_OR);
+		if (x->u.binary.right &&
+		    x->u.binary.right->node == GREP_NODE_TRUE) {
+			x->u.binary.right = y;
+			break;
+		}
+		x = x->u.binary.right;
+	}
+	return z;
+}
+
+static void compile_grep_patterns_real(struct grep_opt *opt)
 {
 	struct grep_pat *p;
 	struct grep_expr *header_expr = prep_header_patterns(opt);
@@ -381,7 +715,7 @@ void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 
 	if (opt->all_match || header_expr)
 		opt->extended = 1;
-	else if (!opt->extended)
+	else if (!opt->extended && !opt->debug)
 		return;
 
 	p = opt->pattern_list;
@@ -395,12 +729,22 @@ void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 
 	if (!opt->pattern_expression)
 		opt->pattern_expression = header_expr;
+	else if (opt->all_match)
+		opt->pattern_expression = grep_splice_or(header_expr,
+							 opt->pattern_expression);
 	else
 		opt->pattern_expression = grep_or_expr(opt->pattern_expression,
 						       header_expr);
 	opt->all_match = 1;
 }
 
+void compile_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
+{
+	compile_grep_patterns_real(opt);
+	if (opt->debug)
+		dump_grep_expression(opt);
+}
+
 static void free_pattern_expr(struct grep_expr *x)
 {
 	switch (x->node) {
@@ -435,6 +779,7 @@ void free_grep_patterns(struct grep_opt *opt)
 				free_pcre_regexp(p);
 			else
 				regfree(&p->regexp);
+			free(p->pattern);
 			break;
 		default:
 			break;
@@ -551,6 +896,7 @@ static struct {
 } header_field[] = {
 	{ "author ", 7 },
 	{ "committer ", 10 },
+	{ "reflog ", 7 },
 };
 
 static int match_one_pattern(struct grep_pat *p, char *bol, char *eol,
@@ -574,7 +920,14 @@ static int match_one_pattern(struct grep_pat *p, char *bol, char *eol,
 		if (strncmp(bol, field, len))
 			return 0;
 		bol += len;
-		saved_ch = strip_timestamp(bol, &eol);
+		switch (p->field) {
+		case GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR:
+		case GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER:
+			saved_ch = strip_timestamp(bol, &eol);
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
 	}
 
  again:
@@ -743,7 +1096,7 @@ static void show_line(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
 		      const char *name, unsigned lno, char sign)
 {
 	int rest = eol - bol;
-	char *line_color = NULL;
+	const char *match_color, *line_color = NULL;
 
 	if (opt->file_break && opt->last_shown == 0) {
 		if (opt->show_hunk_mark)
@@ -782,6 +1135,10 @@ static void show_line(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
 		int eflags = 0;
 
 		if (sign == ':')
+			match_color = opt->color_match_selected;
+		else
+			match_color = opt->color_match_context;
+		if (sign == ':')
 			line_color = opt->color_selected;
 		else if (sign == '-')
 			line_color = opt->color_context;
@@ -794,8 +1151,7 @@ static void show_line(struct grep_opt *opt, char *bol, char *eol,
 
 			output_color(opt, bol, match.rm_so, line_color);
 			output_color(opt, bol + match.rm_so,
-				     match.rm_eo - match.rm_so,
-				     opt->color_match);
+				     match.rm_eo - match.rm_so, match_color);
 			bol += match.rm_eo;
 			rest -= match.rm_eo;
 			eflags = REG_NOTBOL;
@@ -988,6 +1344,58 @@ static void std_output(struct grep_opt *opt, const void *buf, size_t size)
 	fwrite(buf, size, 1, stdout);
 }
 
+static int fill_textconv_grep(struct userdiff_driver *driver,
+			      struct grep_source *gs)
+{
+	struct diff_filespec *df;
+	char *buf;
+	size_t size;
+
+	if (!driver || !driver->textconv)
+		return grep_source_load(gs);
+
+	/*
+	 * The textconv interface is intimately tied to diff_filespecs, so we
+	 * have to pretend to be one. If we could unify the grep_source
+	 * and diff_filespec structs, this mess could just go away.
+	 */
+	df = alloc_filespec(gs->path);
+	switch (gs->type) {
+	case GREP_SOURCE_SHA1:
+		fill_filespec(df, gs->identifier, 1, 0100644);
+		break;
+	case GREP_SOURCE_FILE:
+		fill_filespec(df, null_sha1, 0, 0100644);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: attempt to textconv something without a path?");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * fill_textconv is not remotely thread-safe; it may load objects
+	 * behind the scenes, and it modifies the global diff tempfile
+	 * structure.
+	 */
+	grep_read_lock();
+	size = fill_textconv(driver, df, &buf);
+	grep_read_unlock();
+	free_filespec(df);
+
+	/*
+	 * The normal fill_textconv usage by the diff machinery would just keep
+	 * the textconv'd buf separate from the diff_filespec. But much of the
+	 * grep code passes around a grep_source and assumes that its "buf"
+	 * pointer is the beginning of the thing we are searching. So let's
+	 * install our textconv'd version into the grep_source, taking care not
+	 * to leak any existing buffer.
+	 */
+	grep_source_clear_data(gs);
+	gs->buf = buf;
+	gs->size = size;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int grep_source_1(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs, int collect_hits)
 {
 	char *bol;
@@ -998,6 +1406,7 @@ static int grep_source_1(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs, int colle
 	unsigned count = 0;
 	int try_lookahead = 0;
 	int show_function = 0;
+	struct userdiff_driver *textconv = NULL;
 	enum grep_context ctx = GREP_CONTEXT_HEAD;
 	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
 
@@ -1019,19 +1428,36 @@ static int grep_source_1(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs, int colle
 	}
 	opt->last_shown = 0;
 
-	switch (opt->binary) {
-	case GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT:
-		if (grep_source_is_binary(gs))
-			binary_match_only = 1;
-		break;
-	case GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH:
-		if (grep_source_is_binary(gs))
-			return 0; /* Assume unmatch */
-		break;
-	case GREP_BINARY_TEXT:
-		break;
-	default:
-		die("bug: unknown binary handling mode");
+	if (opt->allow_textconv) {
+		grep_source_load_driver(gs);
+		/*
+		 * We might set up the shared textconv cache data here, which
+		 * is not thread-safe.
+		 */
+		grep_attr_lock();
+		textconv = userdiff_get_textconv(gs->driver);
+		grep_attr_unlock();
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We know the result of a textconv is text, so we only have to care
+	 * about binary handling if we are not using it.
+	 */
+	if (!textconv) {
+		switch (opt->binary) {
+		case GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT:
+			if (grep_source_is_binary(gs))
+				binary_match_only = 1;
+			break;
+		case GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH:
+			if (grep_source_is_binary(gs))
+				return 0; /* Assume unmatch */
+			break;
+		case GREP_BINARY_TEXT:
+			break;
+		default:
+			die("bug: unknown binary handling mode");
+		}
 	}
 
 	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
@@ -1039,7 +1465,7 @@ static int grep_source_1(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs, int colle
 
 	try_lookahead = should_lookahead(opt);
 
-	if (grep_source_load(gs) < 0)
+	if (fill_textconv_grep(textconv, gs) < 0)
 		return 0;
 
 	bol = gs->buf;
@@ -1156,8 +1582,11 @@ static int grep_source_1(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs, int colle
 	 */
 	if (opt->count && count) {
 		char buf[32];
-		output_color(opt, gs->name, strlen(gs->name), opt->color_filename);
-		output_sep(opt, ':');
+		if (opt->pathname) {
+			output_color(opt, gs->name, strlen(gs->name),
+				     opt->color_filename);
+			output_sep(opt, ':');
+		}
 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u\n", count);
 		opt->output(opt, buf, strlen(buf));
 		return 1;
@@ -1217,7 +1646,7 @@ int grep_buffer(struct grep_opt *opt, char *buf, unsigned long size)
 	struct grep_source gs;
 	int r;
 
-	grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_BUF, NULL, NULL);
+	grep_source_init(&gs, GREP_SOURCE_BUF, NULL, NULL, NULL);
 	gs.buf = buf;
 	gs.size = size;
 
@@ -1228,10 +1657,12 @@ int grep_buffer(struct grep_opt *opt, char *buf, unsigned long size)
 }
 
 void grep_source_init(struct grep_source *gs, enum grep_source_type type,
-		      const char *name, const void *identifier)
+		      const char *name, const char *path,
+		      const void *identifier)
 {
 	gs->type = type;
-	gs->name = name ? xstrdup(name) : NULL;
+	gs->name = xstrdup_or_null(name);
+	gs->path = xstrdup_or_null(path);
 	gs->buf = NULL;
 	gs->size = 0;
 	gs->driver = NULL;
@@ -1242,7 +1673,7 @@ void grep_source_init(struct grep_source *gs, enum grep_source_type type,
 		break;
 	case GREP_SOURCE_SHA1:
 		gs->identifier = xmalloc(20);
-		memcpy(gs->identifier, identifier, 20);
+		hashcpy(gs->identifier, identifier);
 		break;
 	case GREP_SOURCE_BUF:
 		gs->identifier = NULL;
@@ -1253,6 +1684,8 @@ void grep_source_clear(struct grep_source *gs)
 {
 	free(gs->name);
 	gs->name = NULL;
+	free(gs->path);
+	gs->path = NULL;
 	free(gs->identifier);
 	gs->identifier = NULL;
 	grep_source_clear_data(gs);
@@ -1323,7 +1756,7 @@ static int grep_source_load_file(struct grep_source *gs)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs)
+static int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs)
 {
 	if (gs->buf)
 		return 0;
@@ -1345,13 +1778,14 @@ void grep_source_load_driver(struct grep_source *gs)
 		return;
 
 	grep_attr_lock();
-	gs->driver = userdiff_find_by_path(gs->name);
+	if (gs->path)
+		gs->driver = userdiff_find_by_path(gs->path);
 	if (!gs->driver)
 		gs->driver = userdiff_find_by_name("default");
 	grep_attr_unlock();
 }
 
-int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs)
+static int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs)
 {
 	grep_source_load_driver(gs);
 	if (gs->driver->binary != -1)
diff --git a/grep.h b/grep.h
index 36e49d8255..95f197a8d9 100644
--- a/grep.h
+++ b/grep.h
@@ -28,17 +28,21 @@ enum grep_context {
 };
 
 enum grep_header_field {
-	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = 0,
-	GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER
+	GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN = 0,
+	GREP_HEADER_AUTHOR = GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MIN,
+	GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER,
+	GREP_HEADER_REFLOG,
+
+	/* Must be at the end of the enum */
+	GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX
 };
-#define GREP_HEADER_FIELD_MAX (GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER + 1)
 
 struct grep_pat {
 	struct grep_pat *next;
 	const char *origin;
 	int no;
 	enum grep_pat_token token;
-	const char *pattern;
+	char *pattern;
 	size_t patternlen;
 	enum grep_header_field field;
 	regex_t regexp;
@@ -58,6 +62,14 @@ enum grep_expr_node {
 	GREP_NODE_OR
 };
 
+enum grep_pattern_type {
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED,
+	GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE
+};
+
 struct grep_expr {
 	enum grep_expr_node node;
 	unsigned hit;
@@ -90,11 +102,14 @@ struct grep_opt {
 	int word_regexp;
 	int fixed;
 	int all_match;
+	int debug;
 #define GREP_BINARY_DEFAULT	0
 #define GREP_BINARY_NOMATCH	1
 #define GREP_BINARY_TEXT	2
 	int binary;
+	int allow_textconv;
 	int extended;
+	int use_reflog_filter;
 	int pcre;
 	int relative;
 	int pathname;
@@ -103,11 +118,14 @@ struct grep_opt {
 	int max_depth;
 	int funcname;
 	int funcbody;
+	int extended_regexp_option;
+	int pattern_type_option;
 	char color_context[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_filename[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_function[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_lineno[COLOR_MAXLEN];
-	char color_match[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+	char color_match_context[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+	char color_match_selected[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_selected[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	char color_sep[COLOR_MAXLEN];
 	int regflags;
@@ -123,6 +141,12 @@ struct grep_opt {
 	void *output_priv;
 };
 
+extern void init_grep_defaults(void);
+extern int grep_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *);
+extern void grep_init(struct grep_opt *, const char *prefix);
+void grep_set_pattern_type_option(enum grep_pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt);
+void grep_commit_pattern_type(enum grep_pattern_type, struct grep_opt *opt);
+
 extern void append_grep_pat(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat, size_t patlen, const char *origin, int no, enum grep_pat_token t);
 extern void append_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *opt, const char *pat, const char *origin, int no, enum grep_pat_token t);
 extern void append_header_grep_pattern(struct grep_opt *, enum grep_header_field, const char *);
@@ -143,16 +167,17 @@ struct grep_source {
 	char *buf;
 	unsigned long size;
 
+	char *path; /* for attribute lookups */
 	struct userdiff_driver *driver;
 };
 
 void grep_source_init(struct grep_source *gs, enum grep_source_type type,
-		      const char *name, const void *identifier);
-int grep_source_load(struct grep_source *gs);
+		      const char *name, const char *path,
+		      const void *identifier);
 void grep_source_clear_data(struct grep_source *gs);
 void grep_source_clear(struct grep_source *gs);
 void grep_source_load_driver(struct grep_source *gs);
-int grep_source_is_binary(struct grep_source *gs);
+
 
 int grep_source(struct grep_opt *opt, struct grep_source *gs);
 
diff --git a/hash.c b/hash.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 749ecfe484..0000000000
--- a/hash.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Some generic hashing helpers.
- */
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "hash.h"
-
-/*
- * Look up a hash entry in the hash table. Return the pointer to
- * the existing entry, or the empty slot if none existed. The caller
- * can then look at the (*ptr) to see whether it existed or not.
- */
-static struct hash_table_entry *lookup_hash_entry(unsigned int hash, const struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	unsigned int size = table->size, nr = hash % size;
-	struct hash_table_entry *array = table->array;
-
-	while (array[nr].ptr) {
-		if (array[nr].hash == hash)
-			break;
-		nr++;
-		if (nr >= size)
-			nr = 0;
-	}
-	return array + nr;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Insert a new hash entry pointer into the table.
- *
- * If that hash entry already existed, return the pointer to
- * the existing entry (and the caller can create a list of the
- * pointers or do anything else). If it didn't exist, return
- * NULL (and the caller knows the pointer has been inserted).
- */
-static void **insert_hash_entry(unsigned int hash, void *ptr, struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	struct hash_table_entry *entry = lookup_hash_entry(hash, table);
-
-	if (!entry->ptr) {
-		entry->ptr = ptr;
-		entry->hash = hash;
-		table->nr++;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return &entry->ptr;
-}
-
-static void grow_hash_table(struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	unsigned int old_size = table->size, new_size;
-	struct hash_table_entry *old_array = table->array, *new_array;
-
-	new_size = alloc_nr(old_size);
-	new_array = xcalloc(sizeof(struct hash_table_entry), new_size);
-	table->size = new_size;
-	table->array = new_array;
-	table->nr = 0;
-	for (i = 0; i < old_size; i++) {
-		unsigned int hash = old_array[i].hash;
-		void *ptr = old_array[i].ptr;
-		if (ptr)
-			insert_hash_entry(hash, ptr, table);
-	}
-	free(old_array);
-}
-
-void *lookup_hash(unsigned int hash, const struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	if (!table->array)
-		return NULL;
-	return lookup_hash_entry(hash, table)->ptr;
-}
-
-void **insert_hash(unsigned int hash, void *ptr, struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	unsigned int nr = table->nr;
-	if (nr >= table->size/2)
-		grow_hash_table(table);
-	return insert_hash_entry(hash, ptr, table);
-}
-
-int for_each_hash(const struct hash_table *table, int (*fn)(void *, void *), void *data)
-{
-	int sum = 0;
-	unsigned int i;
-	unsigned int size = table->size;
-	struct hash_table_entry *array = table->array;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-		void *ptr = array->ptr;
-		array++;
-		if (ptr) {
-			int val = fn(ptr, data);
-			if (val < 0)
-				return val;
-			sum += val;
-		}
-	}
-	return sum;
-}
-
-void free_hash(struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	free(table->array);
-	table->array = NULL;
-	table->size = 0;
-	table->nr = 0;
-}
diff --git a/hash.h b/hash.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b875ce67c4..0000000000
--- a/hash.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef HASH_H
-#define HASH_H
-
-/*
- * These are some simple generic hash table helper functions.
- * Not necessarily suitable for all users, but good for things
- * where you want to just keep track of a list of things, and
- * have a good hash to use on them.
- *
- * It keeps the hash table at roughly 50-75% free, so the memory
- * cost of the hash table itself is roughly
- *
- *	3 * 2*sizeof(void *) * nr_of_objects
- *
- * bytes.
- *
- * FIXME: on 64-bit architectures, we waste memory. It would be
- * good to have just 32-bit pointers, requiring a special allocator
- * for hashed entries or something.
- */
-struct hash_table_entry {
-	unsigned int hash;
-	void *ptr;
-};
-
-struct hash_table {
-	unsigned int size, nr;
-	struct hash_table_entry *array;
-};
-
-extern void *lookup_hash(unsigned int hash, const struct hash_table *table);
-extern void **insert_hash(unsigned int hash, void *ptr, struct hash_table *table);
-extern int for_each_hash(const struct hash_table *table, int (*fn)(void *, void *), void *data);
-extern void free_hash(struct hash_table *table);
-
-static inline void init_hash(struct hash_table *table)
-{
-	table->size = 0;
-	table->nr = 0;
-	table->array = NULL;
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/hashmap.c b/hashmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f693839cb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hashmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/*
+ * Generic implementation of hash-based key value mappings.
+ */
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+
+#define FNV32_BASE ((unsigned int) 0x811c9dc5)
+#define FNV32_PRIME ((unsigned int) 0x01000193)
+
+unsigned int strhash(const char *str)
+{
+	unsigned int c, hash = FNV32_BASE;
+	while ((c = (unsigned char) *str++))
+		hash = (hash * FNV32_PRIME) ^ c;
+	return hash;
+}
+
+unsigned int strihash(const char *str)
+{
+	unsigned int c, hash = FNV32_BASE;
+	while ((c = (unsigned char) *str++)) {
+		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+			c -= 'a' - 'A';
+		hash = (hash * FNV32_PRIME) ^ c;
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+unsigned int memhash(const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = FNV32_BASE;
+	unsigned char *ucbuf = (unsigned char *) buf;
+	while (len--) {
+		unsigned int c = *ucbuf++;
+		hash = (hash * FNV32_PRIME) ^ c;
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+unsigned int memihash(const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = FNV32_BASE;
+	unsigned char *ucbuf = (unsigned char *) buf;
+	while (len--) {
+		unsigned int c = *ucbuf++;
+		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+			c -= 'a' - 'A';
+		hash = (hash * FNV32_PRIME) ^ c;
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+#define HASHMAP_INITIAL_SIZE 64
+/* grow / shrink by 2^2 */
+#define HASHMAP_RESIZE_BITS 2
+/* load factor in percent */
+#define HASHMAP_LOAD_FACTOR 80
+
+static void alloc_table(struct hashmap *map, unsigned int size)
+{
+	map->tablesize = size;
+	map->table = xcalloc(size, sizeof(struct hashmap_entry *));
+
+	/* calculate resize thresholds for new size */
+	map->grow_at = (unsigned int) ((uint64_t) size * HASHMAP_LOAD_FACTOR / 100);
+	if (size <= HASHMAP_INITIAL_SIZE)
+		map->shrink_at = 0;
+	else
+		/*
+		 * The shrink-threshold must be slightly smaller than
+		 * (grow-threshold / resize-factor) to prevent erratic resizing,
+		 * thus we divide by (resize-factor + 1).
+		 */
+		map->shrink_at = map->grow_at / ((1 << HASHMAP_RESIZE_BITS) + 1);
+}
+
+static inline int entry_equals(const struct hashmap *map,
+		const struct hashmap_entry *e1, const struct hashmap_entry *e2,
+		const void *keydata)
+{
+	return (e1 == e2) || (e1->hash == e2->hash && !map->cmpfn(e1, e2, keydata));
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int bucket(const struct hashmap *map,
+		const struct hashmap_entry *key)
+{
+	return key->hash & (map->tablesize - 1);
+}
+
+static void rehash(struct hashmap *map, unsigned int newsize)
+{
+	unsigned int i, oldsize = map->tablesize;
+	struct hashmap_entry **oldtable = map->table;
+
+	alloc_table(map, newsize);
+	for (i = 0; i < oldsize; i++) {
+		struct hashmap_entry *e = oldtable[i];
+		while (e) {
+			struct hashmap_entry *next = e->next;
+			unsigned int b = bucket(map, e);
+			e->next = map->table[b];
+			map->table[b] = e;
+			e = next;
+		}
+	}
+	free(oldtable);
+}
+
+static inline struct hashmap_entry **find_entry_ptr(const struct hashmap *map,
+		const struct hashmap_entry *key, const void *keydata)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry **e = &map->table[bucket(map, key)];
+	while (*e && !entry_equals(map, *e, key, keydata))
+		e = &(*e)->next;
+	return e;
+}
+
+static int always_equal(const void *unused1, const void *unused2, const void *unused3)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void hashmap_init(struct hashmap *map, hashmap_cmp_fn equals_function,
+		size_t initial_size)
+{
+	unsigned int size = HASHMAP_INITIAL_SIZE;
+	map->size = 0;
+	map->cmpfn = equals_function ? equals_function : always_equal;
+
+	/* calculate initial table size and allocate the table */
+	initial_size = (unsigned int) ((uint64_t) initial_size * 100
+			/ HASHMAP_LOAD_FACTOR);
+	while (initial_size > size)
+		size <<= HASHMAP_RESIZE_BITS;
+	alloc_table(map, size);
+}
+
+void hashmap_free(struct hashmap *map, int free_entries)
+{
+	if (!map || !map->table)
+		return;
+	if (free_entries) {
+		struct hashmap_iter iter;
+		struct hashmap_entry *e;
+		hashmap_iter_init(map, &iter);
+		while ((e = hashmap_iter_next(&iter)))
+			free(e);
+	}
+	free(map->table);
+	memset(map, 0, sizeof(*map));
+}
+
+void *hashmap_get(const struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)
+{
+	return *find_entry_ptr(map, key, keydata);
+}
+
+void *hashmap_get_next(const struct hashmap *map, const void *entry)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry *e = ((struct hashmap_entry *) entry)->next;
+	for (; e; e = e->next)
+		if (entry_equals(map, entry, e, NULL))
+			return e;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void hashmap_add(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)
+{
+	unsigned int b = bucket(map, entry);
+
+	/* add entry */
+	((struct hashmap_entry *) entry)->next = map->table[b];
+	map->table[b] = entry;
+
+	/* fix size and rehash if appropriate */
+	map->size++;
+	if (map->size > map->grow_at)
+		rehash(map, map->tablesize << HASHMAP_RESIZE_BITS);
+}
+
+void *hashmap_remove(struct hashmap *map, const void *key, const void *keydata)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry *old;
+	struct hashmap_entry **e = find_entry_ptr(map, key, keydata);
+	if (!*e)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* remove existing entry */
+	old = *e;
+	*e = old->next;
+	old->next = NULL;
+
+	/* fix size and rehash if appropriate */
+	map->size--;
+	if (map->size < map->shrink_at)
+		rehash(map, map->tablesize >> HASHMAP_RESIZE_BITS);
+	return old;
+}
+
+void *hashmap_put(struct hashmap *map, void *entry)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry *old = hashmap_remove(map, entry, NULL);
+	hashmap_add(map, entry);
+	return old;
+}
+
+void hashmap_iter_init(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter)
+{
+	iter->map = map;
+	iter->tablepos = 0;
+	iter->next = NULL;
+}
+
+void *hashmap_iter_next(struct hashmap_iter *iter)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry *current = iter->next;
+	for (;;) {
+		if (current) {
+			iter->next = current->next;
+			return current;
+		}
+
+		if (iter->tablepos >= iter->map->tablesize)
+			return NULL;
+
+		current = iter->map->table[iter->tablepos++];
+	}
+}
+
+struct pool_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	size_t len;
+	unsigned char data[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static int pool_entry_cmp(const struct pool_entry *e1,
+			  const struct pool_entry *e2,
+			  const unsigned char *keydata)
+{
+	return e1->data != keydata &&
+	       (e1->len != e2->len || memcmp(e1->data, keydata, e1->len));
+}
+
+const void *memintern(const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	static struct hashmap map;
+	struct pool_entry key, *e;
+
+	/* initialize string pool hashmap */
+	if (!map.tablesize)
+		hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) pool_entry_cmp, 0);
+
+	/* lookup interned string in pool */
+	hashmap_entry_init(&key, memhash(data, len));
+	key.len = len;
+	e = hashmap_get(&map, &key, data);
+	if (!e) {
+		/* not found: create it */
+		e = xmallocz(sizeof(struct pool_entry) + len);
+		hashmap_entry_init(e, key.ent.hash);
+		e->len = len;
+		memcpy(e->data, data, len);
+		hashmap_add(&map, e);
+	}
+	return e->data;
+}
diff --git a/hashmap.h b/hashmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab7958ae33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hashmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#ifndef HASHMAP_H
+#define HASHMAP_H
+
+/*
+ * Generic implementation of hash-based key-value mappings.
+ * See Documentation/technical/api-hashmap.txt.
+ */
+
+/* FNV-1 functions */
+
+extern unsigned int strhash(const char *buf);
+extern unsigned int strihash(const char *buf);
+extern unsigned int memhash(const void *buf, size_t len);
+extern unsigned int memihash(const void *buf, size_t len);
+
+static inline unsigned int sha1hash(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Equivalent to 'return *(unsigned int *)sha1;', but safe on
+	 * platforms that don't support unaligned reads.
+	 */
+	unsigned int hash;
+	memcpy(&hash, sha1, sizeof(hash));
+	return hash;
+}
+
+/* data structures */
+
+struct hashmap_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry *next;
+	unsigned int hash;
+};
+
+typedef int (*hashmap_cmp_fn)(const void *entry, const void *entry_or_key,
+		const void *keydata);
+
+struct hashmap {
+	struct hashmap_entry **table;
+	hashmap_cmp_fn cmpfn;
+	unsigned int size, tablesize, grow_at, shrink_at;
+};
+
+struct hashmap_iter {
+	struct hashmap *map;
+	struct hashmap_entry *next;
+	unsigned int tablepos;
+};
+
+/* hashmap functions */
+
+extern void hashmap_init(struct hashmap *map, hashmap_cmp_fn equals_function,
+		size_t initial_size);
+extern void hashmap_free(struct hashmap *map, int free_entries);
+
+/* hashmap_entry functions */
+
+static inline void hashmap_entry_init(void *entry, unsigned int hash)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry *e = entry;
+	e->hash = hash;
+	e->next = NULL;
+}
+extern void *hashmap_get(const struct hashmap *map, const void *key,
+		const void *keydata);
+extern void *hashmap_get_next(const struct hashmap *map, const void *entry);
+extern void hashmap_add(struct hashmap *map, void *entry);
+extern void *hashmap_put(struct hashmap *map, void *entry);
+extern void *hashmap_remove(struct hashmap *map, const void *key,
+		const void *keydata);
+
+static inline void *hashmap_get_from_hash(const struct hashmap *map,
+		unsigned int hash, const void *keydata)
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry key;
+	hashmap_entry_init(&key, hash);
+	return hashmap_get(map, &key, keydata);
+}
+
+/* hashmap_iter functions */
+
+extern void hashmap_iter_init(struct hashmap *map, struct hashmap_iter *iter);
+extern void *hashmap_iter_next(struct hashmap_iter *iter);
+static inline void *hashmap_iter_first(struct hashmap *map,
+		struct hashmap_iter *iter)
+{
+	hashmap_iter_init(map, iter);
+	return hashmap_iter_next(iter);
+}
+
+/* string interning */
+
+extern const void *memintern(const void *data, size_t len);
+static inline const char *strintern(const char *string)
+{
+	return memintern(string, strlen(string));
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/help.c b/help.c
index 14eefc91ce..2072a873e2 100644
--- a/help.c
+++ b/help.c
@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@
 #include "levenshtein.h"
 #include "help.h"
 #include "common-cmds.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 void add_cmdname(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name, int len)
 {
@@ -41,9 +45,12 @@ static void uniq(struct cmdnames *cmds)
 	if (!cmds->cnt)
 		return;
 
-	for (i = j = 1; i < cmds->cnt; i++)
-		if (strcmp(cmds->names[i]->name, cmds->names[i-1]->name))
+	for (i = j = 1; i < cmds->cnt; i++) {
+		if (!strcmp(cmds->names[i]->name, cmds->names[j-1]->name))
+			free(cmds->names[i]);
+		else
 			cmds->names[j++] = cmds->names[i];
+	}
 
 	cmds->cnt = j;
 }
@@ -58,9 +65,10 @@ void exclude_cmds(struct cmdnames *cmds, struct cmdnames *excludes)
 		cmp = strcmp(cmds->names[ci]->name, excludes->names[ei]->name);
 		if (cmp < 0)
 			cmds->names[cj++] = cmds->names[ci++];
-		else if (cmp == 0)
-			ci++, ei++;
-		else if (cmp > 0)
+		else if (cmp == 0) {
+			ei++;
+			free(cmds->names[ci++]);
+		} else if (cmp > 0)
 			ei++;
 	}
 
@@ -70,31 +78,24 @@ void exclude_cmds(struct cmdnames *cmds, struct cmdnames *excludes)
 	cmds->cnt = cj;
 }
 
-static void pretty_print_string_list(struct cmdnames *cmds, int longest)
+static void pretty_print_cmdnames(struct cmdnames *cmds, unsigned int colopts)
 {
-	int cols = 1, rows;
-	int space = longest + 1; /* min 1 SP between words */
-	int max_cols = term_columns() - 1; /* don't print *on* the edge */
-	int i, j;
-
-	if (space < max_cols)
-		cols = max_cols / space;
-	rows = DIV_ROUND_UP(cmds->cnt, cols);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
-		printf("  ");
+	struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct column_options copts;
+	int i;
 
-		for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
-			int n = j * rows + i;
-			int size = space;
-			if (n >= cmds->cnt)
-				break;
-			if (j == cols-1 || n + rows >= cmds->cnt)
-				size = 1;
-			printf("%-*s", size, cmds->names[n]->name);
-		}
-		putchar('\n');
-	}
+	for (i = 0; i < cmds->cnt; i++)
+		string_list_append(&list, cmds->names[i]->name);
+	/*
+	 * always enable column display, we only consult column.*
+	 * about layout strategy and stuff
+	 */
+	colopts = (colopts & ~COL_ENABLE_MASK) | COL_ENABLED;
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.indent = "  ";
+	copts.padding = 2;
+	print_columns(&list, colopts, &copts);
+	string_list_clear(&list, 0);
 }
 
 static int is_executable(const char *name)
@@ -105,10 +106,7 @@ static int is_executable(const char *name)
 	    !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
 		return 0;
 
-#if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
-#if defined(__CYGWIN__)
-if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) == 0)
-#endif
+#if defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
 {	/* cannot trust the executable bit, peek into the file instead */
 	char buf[3] = { 0 };
 	int n;
@@ -131,7 +129,6 @@ static void list_commands_in_dir(struct cmdnames *cmds,
 					 const char *path,
 					 const char *prefix)
 {
-	int prefix_len;
 	DIR *dir = opendir(path);
 	struct dirent *de;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -141,15 +138,15 @@ static void list_commands_in_dir(struct cmdnames *cmds,
 		return;
 	if (!prefix)
 		prefix = "git-";
-	prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/", path);
 	len = buf.len;
 
 	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-		int entlen;
+		const char *ent;
+		size_t entlen;
 
-		if (prefixcmp(de->d_name, prefix))
+		if (!skip_prefix(de->d_name, prefix, &ent))
 			continue;
 
 		strbuf_setlen(&buf, len);
@@ -157,11 +154,10 @@ static void list_commands_in_dir(struct cmdnames *cmds,
 		if (!is_executable(buf.buf))
 			continue;
 
-		entlen = strlen(de->d_name) - prefix_len;
-		if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".exe"))
-			entlen -= 4;
+		entlen = strlen(ent);
+		strip_suffix(ent, ".exe", &entlen);
 
-		add_cmdname(cmds, de->d_name + prefix_len, entlen);
+		add_cmdname(cmds, ent, entlen);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -203,38 +199,42 @@ void load_command_list(const char *prefix,
 	exclude_cmds(other_cmds, main_cmds);
 }
 
-void list_commands(const char *title, struct cmdnames *main_cmds,
-		   struct cmdnames *other_cmds)
+void list_commands(unsigned int colopts,
+		   struct cmdnames *main_cmds, struct cmdnames *other_cmds)
 {
-	int i, longest = 0;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < main_cmds->cnt; i++)
-		if (longest < main_cmds->names[i]->len)
-			longest = main_cmds->names[i]->len;
-	for (i = 0; i < other_cmds->cnt; i++)
-		if (longest < other_cmds->names[i]->len)
-			longest = other_cmds->names[i]->len;
-
 	if (main_cmds->cnt) {
 		const char *exec_path = git_exec_path();
-		printf("available %s in '%s'\n", title, exec_path);
-		printf("----------------");
-		mput_char('-', strlen(title) + strlen(exec_path));
+		printf_ln(_("available git commands in '%s'"), exec_path);
 		putchar('\n');
-		pretty_print_string_list(main_cmds, longest);
+		pretty_print_cmdnames(main_cmds, colopts);
 		putchar('\n');
 	}
 
 	if (other_cmds->cnt) {
-		printf("%s available from elsewhere on your $PATH\n", title);
-		printf("---------------------------------------");
-		mput_char('-', strlen(title));
+		printf_ln(_("git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"));
 		putchar('\n');
-		pretty_print_string_list(other_cmds, longest);
+		pretty_print_cmdnames(other_cmds, colopts);
 		putchar('\n');
 	}
 }
 
+void list_common_cmds_help(void)
+{
+	int i, longest = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		if (longest < strlen(common_cmds[i].name))
+			longest = strlen(common_cmds[i].name);
+	}
+
+	puts(_("The most commonly used git commands are:"));
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds); i++) {
+		printf("   %s   ", common_cmds[i].name);
+		mput_char(' ', longest - strlen(common_cmds[i].name));
+		puts(_(common_cmds[i].help));
+	}
+}
+
 int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *c, const char *s)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -249,11 +249,13 @@ static struct cmdnames aliases;
 
 static int git_unknown_cmd_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
+	const char *p;
+
 	if (!strcmp(var, "help.autocorrect"))
 		autocorrect = git_config_int(var,value);
 	/* Also use aliases for command lookup */
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "alias."))
-		add_cmdname(&aliases, var + 6, strlen(var + 6));
+	if (skip_prefix(var, "alias.", &p))
+		add_cmdname(&aliases, p, strlen(p));
 
 	return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 }
@@ -303,7 +305,7 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 	add_cmd_list(&main_cmds, &aliases);
 	add_cmd_list(&main_cmds, &other_cmds);
 	qsort(main_cmds.names, main_cmds.cnt,
-	      sizeof(main_cmds.names), cmdname_compare);
+	      sizeof(*main_cmds.names), cmdname_compare);
 	uniq(&main_cmds);
 
 	/* This abuses cmdname->len for levenshtein distance */
@@ -326,7 +328,7 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 		if ((n < ARRAY_SIZE(common_cmds)) && !cmp) {
 			/* Yes, this is one of the common commands */
 			n++; /* use the entry from common_cmds[] */
-			if (!prefixcmp(candidate, cmd)) {
+			if (starts_with(candidate, cmd)) {
 				/* Give prefix match a very good score */
 				main_cmds.names[i]->len = 0;
 				continue;
@@ -334,14 +336,14 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 		}
 
 		main_cmds.names[i]->len =
-			levenshtein(cmd, candidate, 0, 2, 1, 4) + 1;
+			levenshtein(cmd, candidate, 0, 2, 1, 3) + 1;
 	}
 
 	qsort(main_cmds.names, main_cmds.cnt,
 	      sizeof(*main_cmds.names), levenshtein_compare);
 
 	if (!main_cmds.cnt)
-		die ("Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all.");
+		die(_("Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."));
 
 	/* skip and count prefix matches */
 	for (n = 0; n < main_cmds.cnt && !main_cmds.names[n]->len; n++)
@@ -362,23 +364,26 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 		const char *assumed = main_cmds.names[0]->name;
 		main_cmds.names[0] = NULL;
 		clean_cmdnames(&main_cmds);
-		fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', "
-			"which does not exist.\n"
-			"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'\n",
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   _("WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', "
+			     "which does not exist.\n"
+			     "Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"),
 			cmd, assumed);
 		if (autocorrect > 0) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "in %0.1f seconds automatically...\n",
+			fprintf_ln(stderr, _("in %0.1f seconds automatically..."),
 				(float)autocorrect/10.0);
 			poll(NULL, 0, autocorrect * 100);
 		}
 		return assumed;
 	}
 
-	fprintf(stderr, "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.\n", cmd);
+	fprintf_ln(stderr, _("git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."), cmd);
 
 	if (SIMILAR_ENOUGH(best_similarity)) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "\nDid you mean %s?\n",
-			n < 2 ? "this": "one of these");
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   Q_("\nDid you mean this?",
+			      "\nDid you mean one of these?",
+			   n));
 
 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", main_cmds.names[i]->name);
@@ -389,6 +394,60 @@ const char *help_unknown_cmd(const char *cmd)
 
 int cmd_version(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 {
+	/*
+	 * The format of this string should be kept stable for compatibility
+	 * with external projects that rely on the output of "git version".
+	 */
 	printf("git version %s\n", git_version_string);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+struct similar_ref_cb {
+	const char *base_ref;
+	struct string_list *similar_refs;
+};
+
+static int append_similar_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct similar_ref_cb *cb = (struct similar_ref_cb *)(cb_data);
+	char *branch = strrchr(refname, '/') + 1;
+	const char *remote;
+
+	/* A remote branch of the same name is deemed similar */
+	if (skip_prefix(refname, "refs/remotes/", &remote) &&
+	    !strcmp(branch, cb->base_ref))
+		string_list_append(cb->similar_refs, remote);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct string_list guess_refs(const char *ref)
+{
+	struct similar_ref_cb ref_cb;
+	struct string_list similar_refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+
+	ref_cb.base_ref = ref;
+	ref_cb.similar_refs = &similar_refs;
+	for_each_ref(append_similar_ref, &ref_cb);
+	return similar_refs;
+}
+
+void help_unknown_ref(const char *ref, const char *cmd, const char *error)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct string_list suggested_refs = guess_refs(ref);
+
+	fprintf_ln(stderr, _("%s: %s - %s"), cmd, ref, error);
+
+	if (suggested_refs.nr > 0) {
+		fprintf_ln(stderr,
+			   Q_("\nDid you mean this?",
+			      "\nDid you mean one of these?",
+			      suggested_refs.nr));
+		for (i = 0; i < suggested_refs.nr; i++)
+			fprintf(stderr, "\t%s\n", suggested_refs.items[i].string);
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&suggested_refs, 0);
+	exit(1);
+}
diff --git a/help.h b/help.h
index b6b12d5754..b21d7c94e8 100644
--- a/help.h
+++ b/help.h
@@ -25,8 +25,11 @@ extern void add_cmdname(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name, int len);
 /* Here we require that excludes is a sorted list. */
 extern void exclude_cmds(struct cmdnames *cmds, struct cmdnames *excludes);
 extern int is_in_cmdlist(struct cmdnames *cmds, const char *name);
-extern void list_commands(const char *title,
-			  struct cmdnames *main_cmds,
-			  struct cmdnames *other_cmds);
+extern void list_commands(unsigned int colopts, struct cmdnames *main_cmds, struct cmdnames *other_cmds);
 
+/*
+ * call this to die(), when it is suspected that the user mistyped a
+ * ref to the command, to give suggested "correct" refs.
+ */
+extern void help_unknown_ref(const char *ref, const char *cmd, const char *error);
 #endif /* HELP_H */
diff --git a/hex.c b/hex.c
index 9ebc050637..cfd9d722fd 100644
--- a/hex.c
+++ b/hex.c
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ int get_sha1_hex(const char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
 char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	static int bufno;
-	static char hexbuffer[4][50];
+	static char hexbuffer[4][41];
 	static const char hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
 	char *buffer = hexbuffer[3 & ++bufno], *buf = buffer;
 	int i;
diff --git a/http-backend.c b/http-backend.c
index 869d515383..b6c0484fb2 100644
--- a/http-backend.c
+++ b/http-backend.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "url.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 static const char content_type[] = "Content-Type";
 static const char content_length[] = "Content-Length";
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ static void format_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
 	if (n >= sizeof(buffer))
 		die("protocol error: impossibly long line");
 
-	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+	write_or_die(fd, buffer, n);
 }
 
 static void http_status(unsigned code, const char *msg)
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ static void hdr_cache_forever(void)
 
 static void end_headers(void)
 {
-	safe_write(1, "\r\n", 2);
+	write_or_die(1, "\r\n", 2);
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ static void send_strbuf(const char *type, struct strbuf *buf)
 	hdr_int(content_length, buf->len);
 	hdr_str(content_type, type);
 	end_headers();
-	safe_write(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
+	write_or_die(1, buf->buf, buf->len);
 }
 
 static void send_local_file(const char *the_type, const char *name)
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ static void send_local_file(const char *the_type, const char *name)
 			die_errno("Cannot read '%s'", p);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
-		safe_write(1, buf, n);
+		write_or_die(1, buf, n);
 	}
 	close(fd);
 	free(buf);
@@ -218,40 +219,36 @@ static void get_idx_file(char *name)
 	send_local_file("application/x-git-packed-objects-toc", name);
 }
 
-static int http_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static void http_config(void)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "http.getanyfile")) {
-		getanyfile = git_config_bool(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	int i, value = 0;
+	struct strbuf var = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "http.")) {
-		int i;
+	git_config_get_bool("http.getanyfile", &getanyfile);
 
-		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rpc_service); i++) {
-			struct rpc_service *svc = &rpc_service[i];
-			if (!strcmp(var + 5, svc->config_name)) {
-				svc->enabled = git_config_bool(var, value);
-				return 0;
-			}
-		}
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rpc_service); i++) {
+		struct rpc_service *svc = &rpc_service[i];
+		strbuf_addf(&var, "http.%s", svc->config_name);
+		if (!git_config_get_bool(var.buf, &value))
+			svc->enabled = value;
+		strbuf_reset(&var);
 	}
 
-	/* we are not interested in parsing any other configuration here */
-	return 0;
+	strbuf_release(&var);
 }
 
 static struct rpc_service *select_service(const char *name)
 {
+	const char *svc_name;
 	struct rpc_service *svc = NULL;
 	int i;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(name, "git-"))
+	if (!skip_prefix(name, "git-", &svc_name))
 		forbidden("Unsupported service: '%s'", name);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rpc_service); i++) {
 		struct rpc_service *s = &rpc_service[i];
-		if (!strcmp(s->name, name + 4)) {
+		if (!strcmp(s->name, svc_name)) {
 			svc = s;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -317,10 +314,8 @@ static void run_service(const char **argv)
 	const char *encoding = getenv("HTTP_CONTENT_ENCODING");
 	const char *user = getenv("REMOTE_USER");
 	const char *host = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR");
-	char *env[3];
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int gzipped_request = 0;
-	struct child_process cld;
+	struct child_process cld = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 	if (encoding && !strcmp(encoding, "gzip"))
 		gzipped_request = 1;
@@ -332,17 +327,13 @@ static void run_service(const char **argv)
 	if (!host || !*host)
 		host = "(none)";
 
-	memset(&env, 0, sizeof(env));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=%s", user);
-	env[0] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=%s@http.%s", user, host);
-	env[1] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	env[2] = NULL;
+	if (!getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"))
+		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array, "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=%s", user);
+	if (!getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"))
+		argv_array_pushf(&cld.env_array,
+				 "GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=%s@http.%s", user, host);
 
-	memset(&cld, 0, sizeof(cld));
 	cld.argv = argv;
-	cld.env = (const char *const *)env;
 	if (gzipped_request)
 		cld.in = -1;
 	cld.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -357,25 +348,24 @@ static void run_service(const char **argv)
 
 	if (finish_command(&cld))
 		exit(1);
-	free(env[0]);
-	free(env[1]);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
 static int show_text_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
+	const char *name_nons = strip_namespace(name);
 	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o)
 		return 0;
 
-	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), name);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), name_nons);
 	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		o = deref_tag(o, name, 0);
 		if (!o)
 			return 0;
-		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), name);
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\t%s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1),
+			    name_nons);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -406,12 +396,42 @@ static void get_info_refs(char *arg)
 
 	} else {
 		select_getanyfile();
-		for_each_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
+		for_each_namespaced_ref(show_text_ref, &buf);
 		send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
+static int show_head_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct strbuf *buf = cb_data;
+
+	if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+		unsigned char unused[20];
+		const char *target = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname,
+							RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+							unused, NULL);
+		const char *target_nons = strip_namespace(target);
+
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "ref: %s\n", target_nons);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void get_head(char *arg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	select_getanyfile();
+	head_ref_namespaced(show_head_ref, &buf);
+	send_strbuf("text/plain", &buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 static void get_info_packs(char *arg)
 {
 	size_t objdirlen = strlen(get_object_directory());
@@ -524,7 +544,7 @@ static struct service_cmd {
 	const char *pattern;
 	void (*imp)(char *);
 } services[] = {
-	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_text_file},
+	{"GET", "/HEAD$", get_head},
 	{"GET", "/info/refs$", get_info_refs},
 	{"GET", "/objects/info/alternates$", get_text_file},
 	{"GET", "/objects/info/http-alternates$", get_text_file},
@@ -568,9 +588,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 			if (strcmp(method, c->method)) {
 				const char *proto = getenv("SERVER_PROTOCOL");
-				if (proto && !strcmp(proto, "HTTP/1.1"))
+				if (proto && !strcmp(proto, "HTTP/1.1")) {
 					http_status(405, "Method Not Allowed");
-				else
+					hdr_str("Allow", !strcmp(c->method, "GET") ?
+						"GET, HEAD" : c->method);
+				} else
 					http_status(400, "Bad Request");
 				hdr_nocache();
 				end_headers();
@@ -579,9 +601,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 			cmd = c;
 			n = out[0].rm_eo - out[0].rm_so;
-			cmd_arg = xmalloc(n);
-			memcpy(cmd_arg, dir + out[0].rm_so + 1, n-1);
-			cmd_arg[n-1] = '\0';
+			cmd_arg = xmemdupz(dir + out[0].rm_so + 1, n - 1);
 			dir[out[0].rm_so] = 0;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -598,7 +618,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	    access("git-daemon-export-ok", F_OK) )
 		not_found("Repository not exported: '%s'", dir);
 
-	git_config(http_config, NULL);
+	http_config();
 	cmd->imp(cmd_arg);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/http-push.c b/http-push.c
index f22f7e43ca..c98dad23df 100644
--- a/http-push.c
+++ b/http-push.c
@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 
+#ifdef EXPAT_NEEDS_XMLPARSE_H
+#include <xmlparse.h>
+#else
 #include <expat.h>
+#endif
 
 static const char http_push_usage[] =
 "git http-push [--all] [--dry-run] [--force] [--verbose] <remote> [<head>...]\n";
@@ -60,8 +64,7 @@ enum XML_Status {
 #define LOCK_TIME 600
 #define LOCK_REFRESH 30
 
-/* bits #0-15 in revision.h */
-
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define LOCAL    (1u<<16)
 #define REMOTE   (1u<<17)
 #define FETCHING (1u<<18)
@@ -172,28 +175,7 @@ enum dav_header_flag {
 static char *xml_entities(const char *s)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	while (*s) {
-		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
-		strbuf_add(&buf, s, len);
-		s += len;
-		switch (*s) {
-		case '"':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&quot;");
-			break;
-		case '<':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&lt;");
-			break;
-		case '>':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&gt;");
-			break;
-		case '&':
-			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "&amp;");
-			break;
-		case 0:
-			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-		}
-		s++;
-	}
+	strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(&buf, s);
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -217,7 +199,7 @@ static void curl_setup_http(CURL *curl, const char *url,
 	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, fread_buffer);
 #ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
 	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLFUNCTION, ioctl_buffer);
-	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, &buffer);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA, buffer);
 #endif
 	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_fn);
 	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
@@ -334,7 +316,6 @@ static void start_fetch_packed(struct transfer_request *request)
 
 	preq = new_http_pack_request(target, repo->url);
 	if (preq == NULL) {
-		release_http_pack_request(preq);
 		repo->can_update_info_refs = 0;
 		return;
 	}
@@ -383,7 +364,6 @@ static void start_put(struct transfer_request *request)
 	hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", typename(type), len) + 1;
 
 	/* Set it up */
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_deflate_init(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
 	size = git_deflate_bound(&stream, len + hdrlen);
 	strbuf_init(&request->buffer.buf, size);
@@ -680,7 +660,7 @@ static void add_fetch_request(struct object *obj)
 
 static int add_send_request(struct object *obj, struct remote_lock *lock)
 {
-	struct transfer_request *request = request_queue_head;
+	struct transfer_request *request;
 	struct packed_git *target;
 
 	/* Keep locks active */
@@ -737,14 +717,10 @@ static int fetch_indices(void)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void one_remote_object(const char *hex)
+static void one_remote_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct object *obj;
 
-	if (get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1) != 0)
-		return;
-
 	obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
 		obj = parse_object(sha1);
@@ -785,15 +761,13 @@ static void handle_new_lock_ctx(struct xml_ctx *ctx, int tag_closed)
 
 	if (tag_closed && ctx->cdata) {
 		if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_ACTIVELOCK_OWNER)) {
-			lock->owner = xmalloc(strlen(ctx->cdata) + 1);
-			strcpy(lock->owner, ctx->cdata);
+			lock->owner = xstrdup(ctx->cdata);
 		} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_ACTIVELOCK_TIMEOUT)) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(ctx->cdata, "Second-"))
-				lock->timeout =
-					strtol(ctx->cdata + 7, NULL, 10);
+			const char *arg;
+			if (skip_prefix(ctx->cdata, "Second-", &arg))
+				lock->timeout = strtol(arg, NULL, 10);
 		} else if (!strcmp(ctx->name, DAV_ACTIVELOCK_TOKEN)) {
-			lock->token = xmalloc(strlen(ctx->cdata) + 1);
-			strcpy(lock->token, ctx->cdata);
+			lock->token = xstrdup(ctx->cdata);
 
 			git_SHA1_Init(&sha_ctx);
 			git_SHA1_Update(&sha_ctx, lock->token, strlen(lock->token));
@@ -874,8 +848,7 @@ static struct remote_lock *lock_remote(const char *path, long timeout)
 	struct xml_ctx ctx;
 	char *escaped;
 
-	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
-	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
+	url = xstrfmt("%s%s", repo->url, path);
 
 	/* Make sure leading directories exist for the remote ref */
 	ep = strchr(url + strlen(repo->url) + 1, '/');
@@ -904,7 +877,7 @@ static struct remote_lock *lock_remote(const char *path, long timeout)
 		ep = strchr(ep + 1, '/');
 	}
 
-	escaped = xml_entities(git_default_email);
+	escaped = xml_entities(ident_default_email());
 	strbuf_addf(&out_buffer.buf, LOCK_REQUEST, escaped);
 	free(escaped);
 
@@ -1038,26 +1011,38 @@ static void remote_ls(const char *path, int flags,
 		      void (*userFunc)(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls),
 		      void *userData);
 
+/* extract hex from sharded "xx/x{40}" filename */
+static int get_sha1_hex_from_objpath(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	char hex[40];
+
+	if (strlen(path) != 41)
+		return -1;
+
+	memcpy(hex, path, 2);
+	path += 2;
+	path++; /* skip '/' */
+	memcpy(hex, path, 38);
+
+	return get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1);
+}
+
 static void process_ls_object(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls)
 {
 	unsigned int *parent = (unsigned int *)ls->userData;
-	char *path = ls->dentry_name;
-	char *obj_hex;
+	const char *path = ls->dentry_name;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
 	if (!strcmp(ls->path, ls->dentry_name) && (ls->flags & IS_DIR)) {
 		remote_dir_exists[*parent] = 1;
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (strlen(path) != 49)
+	if (!skip_prefix(path, "objects/", &path) ||
+	    get_sha1_hex_from_objpath(path, sha1))
 		return;
-	path += 8;
-	obj_hex = xmalloc(strlen(path));
-	/* NB: path is not null-terminated, can not use strlcpy here */
-	memcpy(obj_hex, path, 2);
-	strcpy(obj_hex + 2, path + 3);
-	one_remote_object(obj_hex);
-	free(obj_hex);
+
+	one_remote_object(sha1);
 }
 
 static void process_ls_ref(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls)
@@ -1108,7 +1093,7 @@ static void handle_remote_ls_ctx(struct xml_ctx *ctx, int tag_closed)
 				if (repo->path)
 					url = repo->path;
 				if (strncmp(path, url, repo->path_len))
-					error("Parsed path '%s' does not match url: '%s'\n",
+					error("Parsed path '%s' does not match url: '%s'",
 					      path, url);
 				else {
 					path += repo->path_len;
@@ -1135,7 +1120,7 @@ static void remote_ls(const char *path, int flags,
 		      void (*userFunc)(struct remote_ls_ctx *ls),
 		      void *userData)
 {
-	char *url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
+	char *url = xstrfmt("%s%s", repo->url, path);
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct slot_results results;
 	struct strbuf in_buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -1151,8 +1136,6 @@ static void remote_ls(const char *path, int flags,
 	ls.userData = userData;
 	ls.userFunc = userFunc;
 
-	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
-
 	strbuf_addf(&out_buffer.buf, PROPFIND_ALL_REQUEST);
 
 	dav_headers = curl_slist_append(dav_headers, "Depth: 1");
@@ -1347,8 +1330,7 @@ static struct object_list **process_tree(struct tree *tree,
 			break;
 		}
 
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return p;
 }
 
@@ -1555,12 +1537,11 @@ static void update_remote_info_refs(struct remote_lock *lock)
 
 static int remote_exists(const char *path)
 {
-	char *url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
+	char *url = xstrfmt("%s%s", repo->url, path);
 	int ret;
 
-	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
 
-	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, 0)) {
+	switch (http_get_strbuf(url, NULL, NULL)) {
 	case HTTP_OK:
 		ret = 1;
 		break;
@@ -1568,7 +1549,7 @@ static int remote_exists(const char *path)
 		ret = 0;
 		break;
 	case HTTP_ERROR:
-		http_error(url, HTTP_ERROR);
+		error("unable to access '%s': %s", url, curl_errorstr);
 	default:
 		ret = -1;
 	}
@@ -1578,13 +1559,11 @@ static int remote_exists(const char *path)
 
 static void fetch_symref(const char *path, char **symref, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	char *url;
+	char *url = xstrfmt("%s%s", repo->url, path);
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *name;
 
-	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(path) + 1);
-	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, path);
-
-	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, 0) != HTTP_OK)
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, NULL) != HTTP_OK)
 		die("Couldn't get %s for remote symref\n%s", url,
 		    curl_errorstr);
 	free(url);
@@ -1596,9 +1575,12 @@ static void fetch_symref(const char *path, char **symref, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (buffer.len == 0)
 		return;
 
+	/* Cut off trailing newline. */
+	strbuf_rtrim(&buffer);
+
 	/* If it's a symref, set the refname; otherwise try for a sha1 */
-	if (!prefixcmp((char *)buffer.buf, "ref: ")) {
-		*symref = xmemdupz((char *)buffer.buf + 5, buffer.len - 6);
+	if (skip_prefix(buffer.buf, "ref: ", &name)) {
+		*symref = xmemdupz(name, buffer.len - (name - buffer.buf));
 	} else {
 		get_sha1_hex(buffer.buf, sha1);
 	}
@@ -1610,9 +1592,8 @@ static int verify_merge_base(unsigned char *head_sha1, struct ref *remote)
 {
 	struct commit *head = lookup_commit_or_die(head_sha1, "HEAD");
 	struct commit *branch = lookup_commit_or_die(remote->old_sha1, remote->name);
-	struct commit_list *merge_bases = get_merge_bases(head, branch, 1);
 
-	return (merge_bases && !merge_bases->next && merge_bases->item == branch);
+	return in_merge_bases(branch, head);
 }
 
 static int delete_remote_branch(const char *pattern, int force)
@@ -1693,8 +1674,7 @@ static int delete_remote_branch(const char *pattern, int force)
 	fprintf(stderr, "Removing remote branch '%s'\n", remote_ref->name);
 	if (dry_run)
 		return 0;
-	url = xmalloc(strlen(repo->url) + strlen(remote_ref->name) + 1);
-	sprintf(url, "%s%s", repo->url, remote_ref->name);
+	url = xstrfmt("%s%s", repo->url, remote_ref->name);
 	slot = get_active_slot();
 	slot->results = &results;
 	curl_setup_http_get(slot->curl, url, DAV_DELETE);
@@ -1702,7 +1682,7 @@ static int delete_remote_branch(const char *pattern, int force)
 		run_active_slot(slot);
 		free(url);
 		if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK)
-			return error("DELETE request failed (%d/%ld)\n",
+			return error("DELETE request failed (%d/%ld)",
 				     results.curl_result, results.http_code);
 	} else {
 		free(url);
@@ -1752,7 +1732,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
 
-	repo = xcalloc(sizeof(*repo), 1);
+	repo = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*repo));
 
 	argv++;
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++, argv++) {
@@ -1994,7 +1974,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		pushing = 0;
 		if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 			die("revision walk setup failed");
-		mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, NULL);
+		mark_edges_uninteresting(&revs, NULL);
 		objects_to_send = get_delta(&revs, ref_lock);
 		finish_all_active_slots();
 
diff --git a/http-walker.c b/http-walker.c
index 51a906e9e3..88da5468e7 100644
--- a/http-walker.c
+++ b/http-walker.c
@@ -230,7 +230,6 @@ static void process_alternates_response(void *callback_data)
 			int okay = 0;
 			int serverlen = 0;
 			struct alt_base *newalt;
-			char *target = NULL;
 			if (data[i] == '/') {
 				/*
 				 * This counts
@@ -287,17 +286,15 @@ static void process_alternates_response(void *callback_data)
 			}
 			/* skip "objects\n" at end */
 			if (okay) {
-				target = xmalloc(serverlen + posn - i - 6);
-				memcpy(target, base, serverlen);
-				memcpy(target + serverlen, data + i,
-				       posn - i - 7);
-				target[serverlen + posn - i - 7] = 0;
+				struct strbuf target = STRBUF_INIT;
+				strbuf_add(&target, base, serverlen);
+				strbuf_add(&target, data + i, posn - i - 7);
 				if (walker->get_verbosely)
-					fprintf(stderr,
-						"Also look at %s\n", target);
+					fprintf(stderr, "Also look at %s\n",
+						target.buf);
 				newalt = xmalloc(sizeof(*newalt));
 				newalt->next = NULL;
-				newalt->base = target;
+				newalt->base = strbuf_detach(&target, NULL);
 				newalt->got_indices = 0;
 				newalt->packs = NULL;
 
@@ -341,8 +338,7 @@ static void fetch_alternates(struct walker *walker, const char *base)
 	if (walker->get_verbosely)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Getting alternates list for %s\n", base);
 
-	url = xmalloc(strlen(base) + 31);
-	sprintf(url, "%s/objects/info/http-alternates", base);
+	url = xstrfmt("%s/objects/info/http-alternates", base);
 
 	/*
 	 * Use a callback to process the result, since another request
@@ -396,7 +392,7 @@ static int fetch_indices(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int fetch_pack(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int http_fetch_pack(struct walker *walker, struct alt_base *repo, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct packed_git *target;
 	int ret;
@@ -524,7 +520,7 @@ static int fetch(struct walker *walker, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!fetch_object(walker, altbase, sha1))
 		return 0;
 	while (altbase) {
-		if (!fetch_pack(walker, altbase, sha1))
+		if (!http_fetch_pack(walker, altbase, sha1))
 			return 0;
 		fetch_alternates(walker, data->alt->base);
 		altbase = altbase->next;
@@ -566,8 +562,7 @@ struct walker *get_http_walker(const char *url)
 	struct walker *walker = xmalloc(sizeof(struct walker));
 
 	data->alt = xmalloc(sizeof(*data->alt));
-	data->alt->base = xmalloc(strlen(url) + 1);
-	strcpy(data->alt->base, url);
+	data->alt->base = xstrdup(url);
 	for (s = data->alt->base + strlen(data->alt->base) - 1; *s == '/'; --s)
 		*s = 0;
 
diff --git a/http.c b/http.c
index 0ffd79cd81..4b179f6fc8 100644
--- a/http.c
+++ b/http.c
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
 #include "http.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "url.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
 #include "credential.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "gettext.h"
 
 int active_requests;
 int http_is_verbose;
@@ -29,6 +34,7 @@ static CURL *curl_default;
 char curl_errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
 
 static int curl_ssl_verify = -1;
+static int curl_ssl_try;
 static const char *ssl_cert;
 #if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070903
 static const char *ssl_key;
@@ -42,7 +48,8 @@ static long curl_low_speed_time = -1;
 static int curl_ftp_no_epsv;
 static const char *curl_http_proxy;
 static const char *curl_cookie_file;
-static struct credential http_auth = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
+static int curl_save_cookies;
+struct credential http_auth = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
 static int http_proactive_auth;
 static const char *user_agent;
 
@@ -56,12 +63,17 @@ static const char *user_agent;
 
 static struct credential cert_auth = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
 static int ssl_cert_password_required;
+#ifdef LIBCURL_CAN_HANDLE_AUTH_ANY
+static unsigned long http_auth_methods = CURLAUTH_ANY;
+#endif
 
 static struct curl_slist *pragma_header;
 static struct curl_slist *no_pragma_header;
 
 static struct active_request_slot *active_queue_head;
 
+static char *cached_accept_language;
+
 size_t fread_buffer(char *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *buffer_)
 {
 	size_t size = eltsize * nmemb;
@@ -108,6 +120,37 @@ size_t fwrite_null(char *ptr, size_t eltsize, size_t nmemb, void *strbuf)
 	return eltsize * nmemb;
 }
 
+static void closedown_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+{
+	active_requests--;
+	slot->in_use = 0;
+}
+
+static void finish_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+{
+	closedown_active_slot(slot);
+	curl_easy_getinfo(slot->curl, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE, &slot->http_code);
+
+	if (slot->finished != NULL)
+		(*slot->finished) = 1;
+
+	/* Store slot results so they can be read after the slot is reused */
+	if (slot->results != NULL) {
+		slot->results->curl_result = slot->curl_result;
+		slot->results->http_code = slot->http_code;
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070a08
+		curl_easy_getinfo(slot->curl, CURLINFO_HTTPAUTH_AVAIL,
+				  &slot->results->auth_avail);
+#else
+		slot->results->auth_avail = 0;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	/* Run callback if appropriate */
+	if (slot->callback_func != NULL)
+		slot->callback_func(slot->callback_data);
+}
+
 #ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
 static void process_curl_messages(void)
 {
@@ -157,8 +200,11 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	if (!strcmp("http.sslcainfo", var))
 		return git_config_string(&ssl_cainfo, var, value);
 	if (!strcmp("http.sslcertpasswordprotected", var)) {
-		if (git_config_bool(var, value))
-			ssl_cert_password_required = 1;
+		ssl_cert_password_required = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp("http.ssltry", var)) {
+		curl_ssl_try = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!strcmp("http.minsessions", var)) {
@@ -193,6 +239,10 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 	if (!strcmp("http.cookiefile", var))
 		return git_config_string(&curl_cookie_file, var, value);
+	if (!strcmp("http.savecookies", var)) {
+		curl_save_cookies = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		return 0;
+	}
 
 	if (!strcmp("http.postbuffer", var)) {
 		http_post_buffer = git_config_int(var, value);
@@ -210,14 +260,29 @@ static int http_options(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 
 static void init_curl_http_auth(CURL *result)
 {
-	if (http_auth.username) {
-		struct strbuf up = STRBUF_INIT;
-		credential_fill(&http_auth);
-		strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s",
-			    http_auth.username, http_auth.password);
-		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERPWD,
-				 strbuf_detach(&up, NULL));
+	if (!http_auth.username)
+		return;
+
+	credential_fill(&http_auth);
+
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071301
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERNAME, http_auth.username);
+	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PASSWORD, http_auth.password);
+#else
+	{
+		static struct strbuf up = STRBUF_INIT;
+		/*
+		 * Note that we assume we only ever have a single set of
+		 * credentials in a given program run, so we do not have
+		 * to worry about updating this buffer, only setting its
+		 * initial value.
+		 */
+		if (!up.len)
+			strbuf_addf(&up, "%s:%s",
+				http_auth.username, http_auth.password);
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERPWD, up.buf);
 	}
+#endif
 }
 
 static int has_cert_password(void)
@@ -226,16 +291,56 @@ static int has_cert_password(void)
 		return 0;
 	if (!cert_auth.password) {
 		cert_auth.protocol = xstrdup("cert");
+		cert_auth.username = xstrdup("");
 		cert_auth.path = xstrdup(ssl_cert);
 		credential_fill(&cert_auth);
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
 
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071900
+static void set_curl_keepalive(CURL *c)
+{
+	curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_TCP_KEEPALIVE, 1);
+}
+
+#elif LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x071000
+static int sockopt_callback(void *client, curl_socket_t fd, curlsocktype type)
+{
+	int ka = 1;
+	int rc;
+	socklen_t len = (socklen_t)sizeof(ka);
+
+	if (type != CURLSOCKTYPE_IPCXN)
+		return 0;
+
+	rc = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, (void *)&ka, len);
+	if (rc < 0)
+		warning("unable to set SO_KEEPALIVE on socket %s",
+			strerror(errno));
+
+	return 0; /* CURL_SOCKOPT_OK only exists since curl 7.21.5 */
+}
+
+static void set_curl_keepalive(CURL *c)
+{
+	curl_easy_setopt(c, CURLOPT_SOCKOPTFUNCTION, sockopt_callback);
+}
+
+#else
+static void set_curl_keepalive(CURL *c)
+{
+	/* not supported on older curl versions */
+}
+#endif
+
 static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 {
 	CURL *result = curl_easy_init();
 
+	if (!result)
+		die("curl_easy_init failed");
+
 	if (!curl_ssl_verify) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0);
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0);
@@ -270,7 +375,6 @@ static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 #endif
 	if (ssl_cainfo != NULL)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_CAINFO, ssl_cainfo);
-	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
 
 	if (curl_low_speed_limit > 0 && curl_low_speed_time > 0) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT,
@@ -290,13 +394,24 @@ static CURL *get_curl_handle(void)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1);
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USERAGENT,
-		user_agent ? user_agent : GIT_HTTP_USER_AGENT);
+		user_agent ? user_agent : git_user_agent());
 
 	if (curl_ftp_no_epsv)
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_FTP_USE_EPSV, 0);
 
-	if (curl_http_proxy)
+#ifdef CURLOPT_USE_SSL
+	if (curl_ssl_try)
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_USE_SSL, CURLUSESSL_TRY);
+#endif
+
+	if (curl_http_proxy) {
 		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXY, curl_http_proxy);
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070a07
+		curl_easy_setopt(result, CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH, CURLAUTH_ANY);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	set_curl_keepalive(result);
 
 	return result;
 }
@@ -312,12 +427,23 @@ void http_init(struct remote *remote, const char *url, int proactive_auth)
 {
 	char *low_speed_limit;
 	char *low_speed_time;
+	char *normalized_url;
+	struct urlmatch_config config = { STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP };
+
+	config.section = "http";
+	config.key = NULL;
+	config.collect_fn = http_options;
+	config.cascade_fn = git_default_config;
+	config.cb = NULL;
 
 	http_is_verbose = 0;
+	normalized_url = url_normalize(url, &config.url);
 
-	git_config(http_options, NULL);
+	git_config(urlmatch_config_entry, &config);
+	free(normalized_url);
 
-	curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+	if (curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL) != CURLE_OK)
+		die("curl_global_init failed");
 
 	http_proactive_auth = proactive_auth;
 
@@ -335,10 +461,8 @@ void http_init(struct remote *remote, const char *url, int proactive_auth)
 	}
 
 	curlm = curl_multi_init();
-	if (curlm == NULL) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Error creating curl multi handle.\n");
-		exit(1);
-	}
+	if (!curlm)
+		die("curl_multi_init failed");
 #endif
 
 	if (getenv("GIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY"))
@@ -378,7 +502,7 @@ void http_init(struct remote *remote, const char *url, int proactive_auth)
 		credential_from_url(&http_auth, url);
 		if (!ssl_cert_password_required &&
 		    getenv("GIT_SSL_CERT_PASSWORD_PROTECTED") &&
-		    !prefixcmp(url, "https://"))
+		    starts_with(url, "https://"))
 			ssl_cert_password_required = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -430,6 +554,9 @@ void http_cleanup(void)
 		cert_auth.password = NULL;
 	}
 	ssl_cert_password_required = 0;
+
+	free(cached_accept_language);
+	cached_accept_language = NULL;
 }
 
 struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void)
@@ -484,6 +611,8 @@ struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void)
 	slot->callback_data = NULL;
 	slot->callback_func = NULL;
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, curl_cookie_file);
+	if (curl_save_cookies)
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, curl_cookie_file);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, pragma_header);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ERRORBUFFER, curl_errorstr);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, NULL);
@@ -492,6 +621,12 @@ struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void)
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, NULL);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1);
+#ifdef LIBCURL_CAN_HANDLE_AUTH_ANY
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, http_auth_methods);
+#endif
+	if (http_auth.password)
+		init_curl_http_auth(slot->curl);
 
 	return slot;
 }
@@ -617,6 +752,18 @@ void run_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
 			FD_ZERO(&excfds);
 			curl_multi_fdset(curlm, &readfds, &writefds, &excfds, &max_fd);
 
+			/*
+			 * It can happen that curl_multi_timeout returns a pathologically
+			 * long timeout when curl_multi_fdset returns no file descriptors
+			 * to read.  See commit message for more details.
+			 */
+			if (max_fd < 0 &&
+			    (select_timeout.tv_sec > 0 ||
+			     select_timeout.tv_usec > 50000)) {
+				select_timeout.tv_sec  = 0;
+				select_timeout.tv_usec = 50000;
+			}
+
 			select(max_fd+1, &readfds, &writefds, &excfds, &select_timeout);
 		}
 	}
@@ -628,12 +775,6 @@ void run_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
 #endif
 }
 
-static void closedown_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
-{
-	active_requests--;
-	slot->in_use = 0;
-}
-
 static void release_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
 {
 	closedown_active_slot(slot);
@@ -650,25 +791,6 @@ static void release_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
 #endif
 }
 
-void finish_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
-{
-	closedown_active_slot(slot);
-	curl_easy_getinfo(slot->curl, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE, &slot->http_code);
-
-	if (slot->finished != NULL)
-		(*slot->finished) = 1;
-
-	/* Store slot results so they can be read after the slot is reused */
-	if (slot->results != NULL) {
-		slot->results->curl_result = slot->curl_result;
-		slot->results->http_code = slot->http_code;
-	}
-
-	/* Run callback if appropriate */
-	if (slot->callback_func != NULL)
-		slot->callback_func(slot->callback_data);
-}
-
 void finish_all_active_slots(void)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot = active_queue_head;
@@ -731,20 +853,283 @@ char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
+static int handle_curl_result(struct slot_results *results)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If we see a failing http code with CURLE_OK, we have turned off
+	 * FAILONERROR (to keep the server's custom error response), and should
+	 * translate the code into failure here.
+	 */
+	if (results->curl_result == CURLE_OK &&
+	    results->http_code >= 400) {
+		results->curl_result = CURLE_HTTP_RETURNED_ERROR;
+		/*
+		 * Normally curl will already have put the "reason phrase"
+		 * from the server into curl_errorstr; unfortunately without
+		 * FAILONERROR it is lost, so we can give only the numeric
+		 * status code.
+		 */
+		snprintf(curl_errorstr, sizeof(curl_errorstr),
+			 "The requested URL returned error: %ld",
+			 results->http_code);
+	}
+
+	if (results->curl_result == CURLE_OK) {
+		credential_approve(&http_auth);
+		return HTTP_OK;
+	} else if (missing_target(results))
+		return HTTP_MISSING_TARGET;
+	else if (results->http_code == 401) {
+		if (http_auth.username && http_auth.password) {
+			credential_reject(&http_auth);
+			return HTTP_NOAUTH;
+		} else {
+#ifdef LIBCURL_CAN_HANDLE_AUTH_ANY
+			http_auth_methods &= ~CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE;
+#endif
+			return HTTP_REAUTH;
+		}
+	} else {
+#if LIBCURL_VERSION_NUM >= 0x070c00
+		if (!curl_errorstr[0])
+			strlcpy(curl_errorstr,
+				curl_easy_strerror(results->curl_result),
+				sizeof(curl_errorstr));
+#endif
+		return HTTP_ERROR;
+	}
+}
+
+int run_one_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot,
+		 struct slot_results *results)
+{
+	slot->results = results;
+	if (!start_active_slot(slot)) {
+		snprintf(curl_errorstr, sizeof(curl_errorstr),
+			 "failed to start HTTP request");
+		return HTTP_START_FAILED;
+	}
+
+	run_active_slot(slot);
+	return handle_curl_result(results);
+}
+
+static CURLcode curlinfo_strbuf(CURL *curl, CURLINFO info, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	char *ptr;
+	CURLcode ret;
+
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	ret = curl_easy_getinfo(curl, info, &ptr);
+	if (!ret && ptr)
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, ptr);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for and extract a content-type parameter. "raw"
+ * should be positioned at the start of the potential
+ * parameter, with any whitespace already removed.
+ *
+ * "name" is the name of the parameter. The value is appended
+ * to "out".
+ */
+static int extract_param(const char *raw, const char *name,
+			 struct strbuf *out)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(name);
+
+	if (strncasecmp(raw, name, len))
+		return -1;
+	raw += len;
+
+	if (*raw != '=')
+		return -1;
+	raw++;
+
+	while (*raw && !isspace(*raw) && *raw != ';')
+		strbuf_addch(out, *raw++);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract a normalized version of the content type, with any
+ * spaces suppressed, all letters lowercased, and no trailing ";"
+ * or parameters.
+ *
+ * Note that we will silently remove even invalid whitespace. For
+ * example, "text / plain" is specifically forbidden by RFC 2616,
+ * but "text/plain" is the only reasonable output, and this keeps
+ * our code simple.
+ *
+ * If the "charset" argument is not NULL, store the value of any
+ * charset parameter there.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *   "TEXT/PLAIN; charset=utf-8" -> "text/plain", "utf-8"
+ *   "text / plain" -> "text/plain"
+ */
+static void extract_content_type(struct strbuf *raw, struct strbuf *type,
+				 struct strbuf *charset)
+{
+	const char *p;
+
+	strbuf_reset(type);
+	strbuf_grow(type, raw->len);
+	for (p = raw->buf; *p; p++) {
+		if (isspace(*p))
+			continue;
+		if (*p == ';') {
+			p++;
+			break;
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(type, tolower(*p));
+	}
+
+	if (!charset)
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_reset(charset);
+	while (*p) {
+		while (isspace(*p) || *p == ';')
+			p++;
+		if (!extract_param(p, "charset", charset))
+			return;
+		while (*p && !isspace(*p))
+			p++;
+	}
+
+	if (!charset->len && starts_with(type->buf, "text/"))
+		strbuf_addstr(charset, "ISO-8859-1");
+}
+
+static void write_accept_language(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	/*
+	 * MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES must not be larger than 3. If it is larger than
+	 * that, q-value will be smaller than 0.001, the minimum q-value the
+	 * HTTP specification allows. See
+	 * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-5.3.1 for q-value.
+	 */
+	const int MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES = 3;
+	const int MAX_LANGUAGE_TAGS = 1000;
+	const int MAX_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE_HEADER_SIZE = 4000;
+	char **language_tags = NULL;
+	int num_langs = 0;
+	const char *s = get_preferred_languages();
+	int i;
+	struct strbuf tag = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/* Don't add Accept-Language header if no language is preferred. */
+	if (!s)
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Split the colon-separated string of preferred languages into
+	 * language_tags array.
+	 */
+	do {
+		/* collect language tag */
+		for (; *s && (isalnum(*s) || *s == '_'); s++)
+			strbuf_addch(&tag, *s == '_' ? '-' : *s);
+
+		/* skip .codeset, @modifier and any other unnecessary parts */
+		while (*s && *s != ':')
+			s++;
+
+		if (tag.len) {
+			num_langs++;
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(language_tags, num_langs);
+			language_tags[num_langs - 1] = strbuf_detach(&tag, NULL);
+			if (num_langs >= MAX_LANGUAGE_TAGS - 1) /* -1 for '*' */
+				break;
+		}
+	} while (*s++);
+
+	/* write Accept-Language header into buf */
+	if (num_langs) {
+		int last_buf_len = 0;
+		int max_q;
+		int decimal_places;
+		char q_format[32];
+
+		/* add '*' */
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(language_tags, num_langs + 1);
+		language_tags[num_langs++] = "*"; /* it's OK; this won't be freed */
+
+		/* compute decimal_places */
+		for (max_q = 1, decimal_places = 0;
+		     max_q < num_langs && decimal_places <= MAX_DECIMAL_PLACES;
+		     decimal_places++, max_q *= 10)
+			;
+
+		sprintf(q_format, ";q=0.%%0%dd", decimal_places);
+
+		strbuf_addstr(buf, "Accept-Language: ");
+
+		for (i = 0; i < num_langs; i++) {
+			if (i > 0)
+				strbuf_addstr(buf, ", ");
+
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, language_tags[i]);
+
+			if (i > 0)
+				strbuf_addf(buf, q_format, max_q - i);
+
+			if (buf->len > MAX_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE_HEADER_SIZE) {
+				strbuf_remove(buf, last_buf_len, buf->len - last_buf_len);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			last_buf_len = buf->len;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* free language tags -- last one is a static '*' */
+	for (i = 0; i < num_langs - 1; i++)
+		free(language_tags[i]);
+	free(language_tags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get an Accept-Language header which indicates user's preferred languages.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   LANGUAGE= -> ""
+ *   LANGUAGE=ko:en -> "Accept-Language: ko, en; q=0.9, *; q=0.1"
+ *   LANGUAGE=ko_KR.UTF-8:sr@latin -> "Accept-Language: ko-KR, sr; q=0.9, *; q=0.1"
+ *   LANGUAGE=ko LANG=en_US.UTF-8 -> "Accept-Language: ko, *; q=0.1"
+ *   LANGUAGE= LANG=en_US.UTF-8 -> "Accept-Language: en-US, *; q=0.1"
+ *   LANGUAGE= LANG=C -> ""
+ */
+static const char *get_accept_language(void)
+{
+	if (!cached_accept_language) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		write_accept_language(&buf);
+		if (buf.len > 0)
+			cached_accept_language = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	}
+
+	return cached_accept_language;
+}
+
 /* http_request() targets */
 #define HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF	0
 #define HTTP_REQUEST_FILE	1
 
-static int http_request(const char *url, void *result, int target, int options)
+static int http_request(const char *url,
+			void *result, int target,
+			const struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct slot_results results;
 	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *accept_language;
 	int ret;
 
 	slot = get_active_slot();
-	slot->results = &results;
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1);
 
 	if (result == NULL) {
@@ -767,72 +1152,146 @@ static int http_request(const char *url, void *result, int target, int options)
 					 fwrite_buffer);
 	}
 
+	accept_language = get_accept_language();
+
+	if (accept_language)
+		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, accept_language);
+
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "Pragma:");
-	if (options & HTTP_NO_CACHE)
+	if (options && options->no_cache)
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, " no-cache");
+	if (options && options->keep_error)
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 0);
 
 	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, buf.buf);
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "gzip");
 
-	if (start_active_slot(slot)) {
-		run_active_slot(slot);
-		if (results.curl_result == CURLE_OK)
-			ret = HTTP_OK;
-		else if (missing_target(&results))
-			ret = HTTP_MISSING_TARGET;
-		else if (results.http_code == 401) {
-			if (http_auth.username && http_auth.password) {
-				credential_reject(&http_auth);
-				ret = HTTP_NOAUTH;
-			} else {
-				credential_fill(&http_auth);
-				init_curl_http_auth(slot->curl);
-				ret = HTTP_REAUTH;
-			}
-		} else {
-			if (!curl_errorstr[0])
-				strlcpy(curl_errorstr,
-					curl_easy_strerror(results.curl_result),
-					sizeof(curl_errorstr));
-			ret = HTTP_ERROR;
-		}
-	} else {
-		error("Unable to start HTTP request for %s", url);
-		ret = HTTP_START_FAILED;
+	ret = run_one_slot(slot, &results);
+
+	if (options && options->content_type) {
+		struct strbuf raw = STRBUF_INIT;
+		curlinfo_strbuf(slot->curl, CURLINFO_CONTENT_TYPE, &raw);
+		extract_content_type(&raw, options->content_type,
+				     options->charset);
+		strbuf_release(&raw);
 	}
 
+	if (options && options->effective_url)
+		curlinfo_strbuf(slot->curl, CURLINFO_EFFECTIVE_URL,
+				options->effective_url);
+
 	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	if (ret == HTTP_OK)
-		credential_approve(&http_auth);
-
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int http_request_reauth(const char *url, void *result, int target,
-			       int options)
+/*
+ * Update the "base" url to a more appropriate value, as deduced by
+ * redirects seen when requesting a URL starting with "url".
+ *
+ * The "asked" parameter is a URL that we asked curl to access, and must begin
+ * with "base".
+ *
+ * The "got" parameter is the URL that curl reported to us as where we ended
+ * up.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if we updated the base url, 0 otherwise.
+ *
+ * Our basic strategy is to compare "base" and "asked" to find the bits
+ * specific to our request. We then strip those bits off of "got" to yield the
+ * new base. So for example, if our base is "http://example.com/foo.git",
+ * and we ask for "http://example.com/foo.git/info/refs", we might end up
+ * with "https://other.example.com/foo.git/info/refs". We would want the
+ * new URL to become "https://other.example.com/foo.git".
+ *
+ * Note that this assumes a sane redirect scheme. It's entirely possible
+ * in the example above to end up at a URL that does not even end in
+ * "info/refs".  In such a case we simply punt, as there is not much we can
+ * do (and such a scheme is unlikely to represent a real git repository,
+ * which means we are likely about to abort anyway).
+ */
+static int update_url_from_redirect(struct strbuf *base,
+				    const char *asked,
+				    const struct strbuf *got)
+{
+	const char *tail;
+	size_t tail_len;
+
+	if (!strcmp(asked, got->buf))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(asked, base->buf, &tail))
+		die("BUG: update_url_from_redirect: %s is not a superset of %s",
+		    asked, base->buf);
+
+	tail_len = strlen(tail);
+
+	if (got->len < tail_len ||
+	    strcmp(tail, got->buf + got->len - tail_len))
+		return 0; /* insane redirect scheme */
+
+	strbuf_reset(base);
+	strbuf_add(base, got->buf, got->len - tail_len);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int http_request_reauth(const char *url,
+			       void *result, int target,
+			       struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	int ret = http_request(url, result, target, options);
+
+	if (options && options->effective_url && options->base_url) {
+		if (update_url_from_redirect(options->base_url,
+					     url, options->effective_url)) {
+			credential_from_url(&http_auth, options->base_url->buf);
+			url = options->effective_url->buf;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (ret != HTTP_REAUTH)
 		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are using KEEP_ERROR, the previous request may have
+	 * put cruft into our output stream; we should clear it out before
+	 * making our next request. We only know how to do this for
+	 * the strbuf case, but that is enough to satisfy current callers.
+	 */
+	if (options && options->keep_error) {
+		switch (target) {
+		case HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF:
+			strbuf_reset(result);
+			break;
+		default:
+			die("BUG: HTTP_KEEP_ERROR is only supported with strbufs");
+		}
+	}
+
+	credential_fill(&http_auth);
+
 	return http_request(url, result, target, options);
 }
 
-int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options)
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url,
+		    struct strbuf *result,
+		    struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	return http_request_reauth(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_STRBUF, options);
 }
 
 /*
- * Downloads an url and stores the result in the given file.
+ * Downloads a URL and stores the result in the given file.
  *
  * If a previous interrupted download is detected (i.e. a previous temporary
  * file is still around) the download is resumed.
  */
-static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename, int options)
+static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename,
+			 struct http_get_options *options)
 {
 	int ret;
 	struct strbuf tmpfile = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -840,7 +1299,7 @@ static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename, int options)
 
 	strbuf_addf(&tmpfile, "%s.temp", filename);
 	result = fopen(tmpfile.buf, "a");
-	if (! result) {
+	if (!result) {
 		error("Unable to open local file %s", tmpfile.buf);
 		ret = HTTP_ERROR;
 		goto cleanup;
@@ -849,34 +1308,28 @@ static int http_get_file(const char *url, const char *filename, int options)
 	ret = http_request_reauth(url, result, HTTP_REQUEST_FILE, options);
 	fclose(result);
 
-	if ((ret == HTTP_OK) && move_temp_to_file(tmpfile.buf, filename))
+	if (ret == HTTP_OK && move_temp_to_file(tmpfile.buf, filename))
 		ret = HTTP_ERROR;
 cleanup:
 	strbuf_release(&tmpfile);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-int http_error(const char *url, int ret)
-{
-	/* http_request has already handled HTTP_START_FAILED. */
-	if (ret != HTTP_START_FAILED)
-		error("%s while accessing %s", curl_errorstr, url);
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
 int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref)
 {
+	struct http_get_options options = {0};
 	char *url;
 	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = -1;
 
+	options.no_cache = 1;
+
 	url = quote_ref_url(base, ref->name);
-	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE) == HTTP_OK) {
+	if (http_get_strbuf(url, &buffer, &options) == HTTP_OK) {
 		strbuf_rtrim(&buffer);
 		if (buffer.len == 40)
 			ret = get_sha1_hex(buffer.buf, ref->old_sha1);
-		else if (!prefixcmp(buffer.buf, "ref: ")) {
+		else if (starts_with(buffer.buf, "ref: ")) {
 			ref->symref = xstrdup(buffer.buf + 5);
 			ret = 0;
 		}
@@ -903,8 +1356,8 @@ static char *fetch_pack_index(unsigned char *sha1, const char *base_url)
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.temp", sha1_pack_index_name(sha1));
 	tmp = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
-	if (http_get_file(url, tmp, 0) != HTTP_OK) {
-		error("Unable to get pack index %s\n", url);
+	if (http_get_file(url, tmp, NULL) != HTTP_OK) {
+		error("Unable to get pack index %s", url);
 		free(tmp);
 		tmp = NULL;
 	}
@@ -921,7 +1374,7 @@ static int fetch_and_setup_pack_index(struct packed_git **packs_head,
 	int ret;
 
 	if (has_pack_index(sha1)) {
-		new_pack = parse_pack_index(sha1, NULL);
+		new_pack = parse_pack_index(sha1, sha1_pack_index_name(sha1));
 		if (!new_pack)
 			return -1; /* parse_pack_index() already issued error message */
 		goto add_pack;
@@ -956,6 +1409,7 @@ add_pack:
 
 int http_get_info_packs(const char *base_url, struct packed_git **packs_head)
 {
+	struct http_get_options options = {0};
 	int ret = 0, i = 0;
 	char *url, *data;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -965,7 +1419,8 @@ int http_get_info_packs(const char *base_url, struct packed_git **packs_head)
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "objects/info/packs");
 	url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
-	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, &buf, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
+	options.no_cache = 1;
+	ret = http_get_strbuf(url, &buf, &options);
 	if (ret != HTTP_OK)
 		goto cleanup;
 
@@ -975,8 +1430,8 @@ int http_get_info_packs(const char *base_url, struct packed_git **packs_head)
 		case 'P':
 			i++;
 			if (i + 52 <= buf.len &&
-			    !prefixcmp(data + i, " pack-") &&
-			    !prefixcmp(data + i + 46, ".pack\n")) {
+			    starts_with(data + i, " pack-") &&
+			    starts_with(data + i + 46, ".pack\n")) {
 				get_sha1_hex(data + i + 6, sha1);
 				fetch_and_setup_pack_index(packs_head, sha1,
 						      base_url);
@@ -1007,6 +1462,7 @@ void release_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
 	}
 	preq->slot = NULL;
 	free(preq->url);
+	free(preq);
 }
 
 int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
@@ -1014,7 +1470,7 @@ int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
 	struct packed_git **lst;
 	struct packed_git *p = preq->target;
 	char *tmp_idx;
-	struct child_process ip;
+	struct child_process ip = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *ip_argv[8];
 
 	close_pack_index(p);
@@ -1037,7 +1493,6 @@ int finish_http_pack_request(struct http_pack_request *preq)
 	ip_argv[3] = preq->tmpfile;
 	ip_argv[4] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
 	ip.argv = ip_argv;
 	ip.git_cmd = 1;
 	ip.no_stdin = 1;
@@ -1152,7 +1607,7 @@ struct http_object_request *new_http_object_request(const char *base_url,
 	unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	char *hex = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
-	char *filename;
+	const char *filename;
 	char prevfile[PATH_MAX];
 	int prevlocal;
 	char prev_buf[PREV_BUF_SIZE];
diff --git a/http.h b/http.h
index 0b61653894..49afe39279 100644
--- a/http.h
+++ b/http.h
@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@
 /*
  * We detect based on the cURL version if multi-transfer is
  * usable in this implementation and define this symbol accordingly.
- * This is not something Makefile should set nor users should pass
- * via CFLAGS.
+ * This shouldn't be set by the Makefile or by the user (e.g. via CFLAGS).
  */
 #undef USE_CURL_MULTI
 
@@ -42,9 +41,19 @@
 #define NO_CURL_IOCTL
 #endif
 
+/*
+ * CURLOPT_USE_SSL was known as CURLOPT_FTP_SSL up to 7.16.4,
+ * and the constants were known as CURLFTPSSL_*
+*/
+#if !defined(CURLOPT_USE_SSL) && defined(CURLOPT_FTP_SSL)
+#define CURLOPT_USE_SSL CURLOPT_FTP_SSL
+#define CURLUSESSL_TRY CURLFTPSSL_TRY
+#endif
+
 struct slot_results {
 	CURLcode curl_result;
 	long http_code;
+	long auth_avail;
 };
 
 struct active_request_slot {
@@ -76,9 +85,17 @@ extern curlioerr ioctl_buffer(CURL *handle, int cmd, void *clientp);
 extern struct active_request_slot *get_active_slot(void);
 extern int start_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
 extern void run_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
-extern void finish_active_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot);
 extern void finish_all_active_slots(void);
 
+/*
+ * This will run one slot to completion in a blocking manner, similar to how
+ * curl_easy_perform would work (but we don't want to use that, because
+ * we do not want to intermingle calls to curl_multi and curl_easy).
+ *
+ */
+int run_one_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot,
+		 struct slot_results *results);
+
 #ifdef USE_CURL_MULTI
 extern void fill_active_slots(void);
 extern void add_fill_function(void *data, int (*fill)(void *));
@@ -92,6 +109,7 @@ extern void http_cleanup(void);
 extern int active_requests;
 extern int http_is_verbose;
 extern size_t http_post_buffer;
+extern struct credential http_auth;
 
 extern char curl_errorstr[CURL_ERROR_SIZE];
 
@@ -115,10 +133,37 @@ extern void append_remote_object_url(struct strbuf *buf, const char *url,
 extern char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
 				   int only_two_digit_prefix);
 
-/* Options for http_request_*() */
-#define HTTP_NO_CACHE		1
+/* Options for http_get_*() */
+struct http_get_options {
+	unsigned no_cache:1,
+		 keep_error:1;
+
+	/* If non-NULL, returns the content-type of the response. */
+	struct strbuf *content_type;
+
+	/*
+	 * If non-NULL, and content_type above is non-NULL, returns
+	 * the charset parameter from the content-type. If none is
+	 * present, returns an empty string.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf *charset;
+
+	/*
+	 * If non-NULL, returns the URL we ended up at, including any
+	 * redirects we followed.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf *effective_url;
+
+	/*
+	 * If both base_url and effective_url are non-NULL, the base URL will
+	 * be munged to reflect any redirections going from the requested url
+	 * to effective_url. See the definition of update_url_from_redirect
+	 * for details.
+	 */
+	struct strbuf *base_url;
+};
 
-/* Return values for http_request_*() */
+/* Return values for http_get_*() */
 #define HTTP_OK			0
 #define HTTP_MISSING_TARGET	1
 #define HTTP_ERROR		2
@@ -127,17 +172,11 @@ extern char *get_remote_object_url(const char *url, const char *hex,
 #define HTTP_NOAUTH	5
 
 /*
- * Requests an url and stores the result in a strbuf.
+ * Requests a URL and stores the result in a strbuf.
  *
  * If the result pointer is NULL, a HTTP HEAD request is made instead of GET.
  */
-int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, int options);
-
-/*
- * Prints an error message using error() containing url and curl_errorstr,
- * and returns ret.
- */
-int http_error(const char *url, int ret);
+int http_get_strbuf(const char *url, struct strbuf *result, struct http_get_options *options);
 
 extern int http_fetch_ref(const char *base, struct ref *ref);
 
diff --git a/ident.c b/ident.c
index f619619b82..5ff1aadaaa 100644
--- a/ident.c
+++ b/ident.c
@@ -7,7 +7,15 @@
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 
-static char git_default_date[50];
+static struct strbuf git_default_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+static struct strbuf git_default_email = STRBUF_INIT;
+static struct strbuf git_default_date = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+#define IDENT_NAME_GIVEN 01
+#define IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN 02
+#define IDENT_ALL_GIVEN (IDENT_NAME_GIVEN|IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN)
+static int committer_ident_explicitly_given;
+static int author_ident_explicitly_given;
 
 #ifdef NO_GECOS_IN_PWENT
 #define get_gecos(ignored) "&"
@@ -15,44 +23,30 @@ static char git_default_date[50];
 #define get_gecos(struct_passwd) ((struct_passwd)->pw_gecos)
 #endif
 
-static void copy_gecos(const struct passwd *w, char *name, size_t sz)
+static void copy_gecos(const struct passwd *w, struct strbuf *name)
 {
-	char *src, *dst;
-	size_t len, nlen;
-
-	nlen = strlen(w->pw_name);
+	char *src;
 
 	/* Traditionally GECOS field had office phone numbers etc, separated
 	 * with commas.  Also & stands for capitalized form of the login name.
 	 */
 
-	for (len = 0, dst = name, src = get_gecos(w); len < sz; src++) {
+	for (src = get_gecos(w); *src && *src != ','; src++) {
 		int ch = *src;
-		if (ch != '&') {
-			*dst++ = ch;
-			if (ch == 0 || ch == ',')
-				break;
-			len++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (len + nlen < sz) {
+		if (ch != '&')
+			strbuf_addch(name, ch);
+		else {
 			/* Sorry, Mr. McDonald... */
-			*dst++ = toupper(*w->pw_name);
-			memcpy(dst, w->pw_name + 1, nlen - 1);
-			dst += nlen - 1;
-			len += nlen;
+			strbuf_addch(name, toupper(*w->pw_name));
+			strbuf_addstr(name, w->pw_name + 1);
 		}
 	}
-	if (len < sz)
-		name[len] = 0;
-	else
-		die("Your parents must have hated you!");
-
 }
 
-static int add_mailname_host(char *buf, size_t len)
+static int add_mailname_host(struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	FILE *mailname;
+	struct strbuf mailnamebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	mailname = fopen("/etc/mailname", "r");
 	if (!mailname) {
@@ -61,106 +55,83 @@ static int add_mailname_host(char *buf, size_t len)
 				strerror(errno));
 		return -1;
 	}
-	if (!fgets(buf, len, mailname)) {
+	if (strbuf_getline(&mailnamebuf, mailname, '\n') == EOF) {
 		if (ferror(mailname))
 			warning("cannot read /etc/mailname: %s",
 				strerror(errno));
+		strbuf_release(&mailnamebuf);
 		fclose(mailname);
 		return -1;
 	}
 	/* success! */
+	strbuf_addbuf(buf, &mailnamebuf);
+	strbuf_release(&mailnamebuf);
 	fclose(mailname);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void add_domainname(char *buf, size_t len)
+static void add_domainname(struct strbuf *out)
 {
+	char buf[1024];
 	struct hostent *he;
-	size_t namelen;
-	const char *domainname;
 
-	if (gethostname(buf, len)) {
+	if (gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf))) {
 		warning("cannot get host name: %s", strerror(errno));
-		strlcpy(buf, "(none)", len);
+		strbuf_addstr(out, "(none)");
 		return;
 	}
-	namelen = strlen(buf);
-	if (memchr(buf, '.', namelen))
-		return;
-
-	he = gethostbyname(buf);
-	buf[namelen++] = '.';
-	buf += namelen;
-	len -= namelen;
-	if (he && (domainname = strchr(he->h_name, '.')))
-		strlcpy(buf, domainname + 1, len);
+	if (strchr(buf, '.'))
+		strbuf_addstr(out, buf);
+	else if ((he = gethostbyname(buf)) && strchr(he->h_name, '.'))
+		strbuf_addstr(out, he->h_name);
 	else
-		strlcpy(buf, "(none)", len);
+		strbuf_addf(out, "%s.(none)", buf);
 }
 
-static void copy_email(const struct passwd *pw)
+static void copy_email(const struct passwd *pw, struct strbuf *email)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Make up a fake email address
 	 * (name + '@' + hostname [+ '.' + domainname])
 	 */
-	size_t len = strlen(pw->pw_name);
-	if (len > sizeof(git_default_email)/2)
-		die("Your sysadmin must hate you!");
-	memcpy(git_default_email, pw->pw_name, len);
-	git_default_email[len++] = '@';
-
-	if (!add_mailname_host(git_default_email + len,
-				sizeof(git_default_email) - len))
+	strbuf_addstr(email, pw->pw_name);
+	strbuf_addch(email, '@');
+
+	if (!add_mailname_host(email))
 		return;	/* read from "/etc/mailname" (Debian) */
-	add_domainname(git_default_email + len,
-			sizeof(git_default_email) - len);
+	add_domainname(email);
 }
 
-static void setup_ident(const char **name, const char **emailp)
+const char *ident_default_name(void)
 {
-	struct passwd *pw = NULL;
-
-	/* Get the name ("gecos") */
-	if (!*name && !git_default_name[0]) {
-		pw = getpwuid(getuid());
-		if (!pw)
-			die("You don't exist. Go away!");
-		copy_gecos(pw, git_default_name, sizeof(git_default_name));
+	if (!git_default_name.len) {
+		copy_gecos(xgetpwuid_self(), &git_default_name);
+		strbuf_trim(&git_default_name);
 	}
-	if (!*name)
-		*name = git_default_name;
+	return git_default_name.buf;
+}
 
-	if (!*emailp && !git_default_email[0]) {
+const char *ident_default_email(void)
+{
+	if (!git_default_email.len) {
 		const char *email = getenv("EMAIL");
 
 		if (email && email[0]) {
-			strlcpy(git_default_email, email,
-				sizeof(git_default_email));
-			user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
-		} else {
-			if (!pw)
-				pw = getpwuid(getuid());
-			if (!pw)
-				die("You don't exist. Go away!");
-			copy_email(pw);
-		}
+			strbuf_addstr(&git_default_email, email);
+			committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+			author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		} else
+			copy_email(xgetpwuid_self(), &git_default_email);
+		strbuf_trim(&git_default_email);
 	}
-	if (!*emailp)
-		*emailp = git_default_email;
-
-	/* And set the default date */
-	if (!git_default_date[0])
-		datestamp(git_default_date, sizeof(git_default_date));
+	return git_default_email.buf;
 }
 
-static int add_raw(char *buf, size_t size, int offset, const char *str)
+static const char *ident_default_date(void)
 {
-	size_t len = strlen(str);
-	if (offset + len > size)
-		return size;
-	memcpy(buf + offset, str, len);
-	return offset + len;
+	if (!git_default_date.len)
+		datestamp(&git_default_date);
+	return git_default_date.buf;
 }
 
 static int crud(unsigned char c)
@@ -181,7 +152,7 @@ static int crud(unsigned char c)
  * Copy over a string to the destination, but avoid special
  * characters ('\n', '<' and '>') and remove crud at the end
  */
-static int copy(char *buf, size_t size, int offset, const char *src)
+static void strbuf_addstr_without_crud(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	size_t i, len;
 	unsigned char c;
@@ -205,19 +176,103 @@ static int copy(char *buf, size_t size, int offset, const char *src)
 	/*
 	 * Copy the rest to the buffer, but avoid the special
 	 * characters '\n' '<' and '>' that act as delimiters on
-	 * an identification line
+	 * an identification line. We can only remove crud, never add it,
+	 * so 'len' is our maximum.
 	 */
+	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
 	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 		c = *src++;
 		switch (c) {
 		case '\n': case '<': case '>':
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (offset >= size)
-			return size;
-		buf[offset++] = c;
+		sb->buf[sb->len++] = c;
 	}
-	return offset;
+	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reverse of fmt_ident(); given an ident line, split the fields
+ * to allow the caller to parse it.
+ * Signal a success by returning 0, but date/tz fields of the result
+ * can still be NULL if the input line only has the name/email part
+ * (e.g. reading from a reflog entry).
+ */
+int split_ident_line(struct ident_split *split, const char *line, int len)
+{
+	const char *cp;
+	size_t span;
+	int status = -1;
+
+	memset(split, 0, sizeof(*split));
+
+	split->name_begin = line;
+	for (cp = line; *cp && cp < line + len; cp++)
+		if (*cp == '<') {
+			split->mail_begin = cp + 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (!split->mail_begin)
+		return status;
+
+	for (cp = split->mail_begin - 2; line <= cp; cp--)
+		if (!isspace(*cp)) {
+			split->name_end = cp + 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (!split->name_end) {
+		/* no human readable name */
+		split->name_end = split->name_begin;
+	}
+
+	for (cp = split->mail_begin; cp < line + len; cp++)
+		if (*cp == '>') {
+			split->mail_end = cp;
+			break;
+		}
+	if (!split->mail_end)
+		return status;
+
+	/*
+	 * Look from the end-of-line to find the trailing ">" of the mail
+	 * address, even though we should already know it as split->mail_end.
+	 * This can help in cases of broken idents with an extra ">" somewhere
+	 * in the email address.  Note that we are assuming the timestamp will
+	 * never have a ">" in it.
+	 *
+	 * Note that we will always find some ">" before going off the front of
+	 * the string, because will always hit the split->mail_end closing
+	 * bracket.
+	 */
+	for (cp = line + len - 1; *cp != '>'; cp--)
+		;
+
+	for (cp = cp + 1; cp < line + len && isspace(*cp); cp++)
+		;
+	if (line + len <= cp)
+		goto person_only;
+	split->date_begin = cp;
+	span = strspn(cp, "0123456789");
+	if (!span)
+		goto person_only;
+	split->date_end = split->date_begin + span;
+	for (cp = split->date_end; cp < line + len && isspace(*cp); cp++)
+		;
+	if (line + len <= cp || (*cp != '+' && *cp != '-'))
+		goto person_only;
+	split->tz_begin = cp;
+	span = strspn(cp + 1, "0123456789");
+	if (!span)
+		goto person_only;
+	split->tz_end = split->tz_begin + 1 + span;
+	return 0;
+
+person_only:
+	split->date_begin = NULL;
+	split->date_end = NULL;
+	split->tz_begin = NULL;
+	split->tz_end = NULL;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static const char *env_hint =
@@ -236,61 +291,66 @@ static const char *env_hint =
 const char *fmt_ident(const char *name, const char *email,
 		      const char *date_str, int flag)
 {
-	static char buffer[1000];
-	char date[50];
-	int i;
-	int error_on_no_name = (flag & IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME);
-	int warn_on_no_name = (flag & IDENT_WARN_ON_NO_NAME);
-	int name_addr_only = (flag & IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	static struct strbuf ident = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int strict = (flag & IDENT_STRICT);
+	int want_date = !(flag & IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	int want_name = !(flag & IDENT_NO_NAME);
 
-	setup_ident(&name, &email);
+	if (want_name && !name)
+		name = ident_default_name();
+	if (!email)
+		email = ident_default_email();
 
-	if (!*name) {
+	if (want_name && !*name) {
 		struct passwd *pw;
 
-		if ((warn_on_no_name || error_on_no_name) &&
-		    name == git_default_name && env_hint) {
-			fputs(env_hint, stderr);
-			env_hint = NULL; /* warn only once */
+		if (strict) {
+			if (name == git_default_name.buf)
+				fputs(env_hint, stderr);
+			die("empty ident name (for <%s>) not allowed", email);
 		}
-		if (error_on_no_name)
-			die("empty ident %s <%s> not allowed", name, email);
-		pw = getpwuid(getuid());
-		if (!pw)
-			die("You don't exist. Go away!");
-		strlcpy(git_default_name, pw->pw_name,
-			sizeof(git_default_name));
-		name = git_default_name;
+		pw = xgetpwuid_self();
+		name = pw->pw_name;
 	}
 
-	strcpy(date, git_default_date);
-	if (!name_addr_only && date_str && date_str[0]) {
-		if (parse_date(date_str, date, sizeof(date)) < 0)
-			die("invalid date format: %s", date_str);
+	if (strict && email == git_default_email.buf &&
+	    strstr(email, "(none)")) {
+		fputs(env_hint, stderr);
+		die("unable to auto-detect email address (got '%s')", email);
 	}
 
-	i = copy(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, name);
-	i = add_raw(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, " <");
-	i = copy(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, email);
-	if (!name_addr_only) {
-		i = add_raw(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i,  "> ");
-		i = copy(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, date);
-	} else {
-		i = add_raw(buffer, sizeof(buffer), i, ">");
+	strbuf_reset(&ident);
+	if (want_name) {
+		strbuf_addstr_without_crud(&ident, name);
+		strbuf_addstr(&ident, " <");
 	}
-	if (i >= sizeof(buffer))
-		die("Impossibly long personal identifier");
-	buffer[i] = 0;
-	return buffer;
+	strbuf_addstr_without_crud(&ident, email);
+	if (want_name)
+			strbuf_addch(&ident, '>');
+	if (want_date) {
+		strbuf_addch(&ident, ' ');
+		if (date_str && date_str[0]) {
+			if (parse_date(date_str, &ident) < 0)
+				die("invalid date format: %s", date_str);
+		}
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&ident, ident_default_date());
+	}
+
+	return ident.buf;
 }
 
 const char *fmt_name(const char *name, const char *email)
 {
-	return fmt_ident(name, email, NULL, IDENT_ERROR_ON_NO_NAME | IDENT_NO_DATE);
+	return fmt_ident(name, email, NULL, IDENT_STRICT | IDENT_NO_DATE);
 }
 
 const char *git_author_info(int flag)
 {
+	if (getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"))
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+	if (getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"))
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 	return fmt_ident(getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_NAME"),
 			 getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL"),
 			 getenv("GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"),
@@ -300,16 +360,16 @@ const char *git_author_info(int flag)
 const char *git_committer_info(int flag)
 {
 	if (getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"))
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
 	if (getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"))
-		user_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
 	return fmt_ident(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
 			 getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL"),
 			 getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_DATE"),
 			 flag);
 }
 
-int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+static int ident_is_sufficient(int user_ident_explicitly_given)
 {
 #ifndef WINDOWS
 	return (user_ident_explicitly_given & IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN);
@@ -317,3 +377,67 @@ int user_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
 	return (user_ident_explicitly_given == IDENT_ALL_GIVEN);
 #endif
 }
+
+int committer_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+{
+	return ident_is_sufficient(committer_ident_explicitly_given);
+}
+
+int author_ident_sufficiently_given(void)
+{
+	return ident_is_sufficient(author_ident_explicitly_given);
+}
+
+int git_ident_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *data)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(var, "user.name")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		strbuf_reset(&git_default_name);
+		strbuf_addstr(&git_default_name, value);
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_NAME_GIVEN;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(var, "user.email")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		strbuf_reset(&git_default_email);
+		strbuf_addstr(&git_default_email, value);
+		committer_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		author_ident_explicitly_given |= IDENT_MAIL_GIVEN;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int buf_cmp(const char *a_begin, const char *a_end,
+		   const char *b_begin, const char *b_end)
+{
+	int a_len = a_end - a_begin;
+	int b_len = b_end - b_begin;
+	int min = a_len < b_len ? a_len : b_len;
+	int cmp;
+
+	cmp = memcmp(a_begin, b_begin, min);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	return a_len - b_len;
+}
+
+int ident_cmp(const struct ident_split *a,
+	      const struct ident_split *b)
+{
+	int cmp;
+
+	cmp = buf_cmp(a->mail_begin, a->mail_end,
+		      b->mail_begin, b->mail_end);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	return buf_cmp(a->name_begin, a->name_end,
+		       b->name_begin, b->name_end);
+}
diff --git a/imap-send.c b/imap-send.c
index 972ad62cd9..37ac4aa86a 100644
--- a/imap-send.c
+++ b/imap-send.c
@@ -23,67 +23,42 @@
  */
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "credential.h"
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
-#include "prompt.h"
+#include "parse-options.h"
 #ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 typedef void *SSL;
-#else
-#include <openssl/evp.h>
-#include <openssl/hmac.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+#include "http.h"
 #endif
 
-struct store_conf {
-	char *name;
-	const char *path; /* should this be here? its interpretation is driver-specific */
-	char *map_inbox;
-	char *trash;
-	unsigned max_size; /* off_t is overkill */
-	unsigned trash_remote_new:1, trash_only_new:1;
-};
-
-/* For message->status */
-#define M_RECENT       (1<<0) /* unsyncable flag; maildir_* depend on this being 1<<0 */
-#define M_DEAD         (1<<1) /* expunged */
-#define M_FLAGS        (1<<2) /* flags fetched */
-
-struct message {
-	struct message *next;
-	size_t size; /* zero implies "not fetched" */
-	int uid;
-	unsigned char flags, status;
-};
+#if defined(USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND) && defined(NO_OPENSSL)
+/* only available option */
+#define USE_CURL_DEFAULT 1
+#else
+/* strictly opt in */
+#define USE_CURL_DEFAULT 0
+#endif
 
-struct store {
-	struct store_conf *conf; /* foreign */
+static int verbosity;
+static int use_curl = USE_CURL_DEFAULT;
 
-	/* currently open mailbox */
-	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
-	char *path; /* own */
-	struct message *msgs; /* own */
-	int uidvalidity;
-	unsigned char opts; /* maybe preset? */
-	/* note that the following do _not_ reflect stats from msgs, but mailbox totals */
-	int count; /* # of messages */
-	int recent; /* # of recent messages - don't trust this beyond the initial read */
-};
+static const char * const imap_send_usage[] = { "git imap-send [-v] [-q] [--[no-]curl] < <mbox>", NULL };
 
-struct msg_data {
-	char *data;
-	int len;
-	unsigned char flags;
+static struct option imap_send_options[] = {
+	OPT__VERBOSITY(&verbosity),
+	OPT_BOOL(0, "curl", &use_curl, "use libcurl to communicate with the IMAP server"),
+	OPT_END()
 };
 
-static const char imap_send_usage[] = "git imap-send < <mbox>";
-
 #undef DRV_OK
 #define DRV_OK          0
 #define DRV_MSG_BAD     -1
 #define DRV_BOX_BAD     -2
 #define DRV_STORE_BAD   -3
 
-static int Verbose, Quiet;
-
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 static void imap_info(const char *, ...);
 __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
@@ -91,8 +66,6 @@ static void imap_warn(const char *, ...);
 
 static char *next_arg(char **);
 
-static void free_generic_messages(struct message *);
-
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
 static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...);
 
@@ -115,6 +88,7 @@ struct imap_server_conf {
 	char *tunnel;
 	char *host;
 	int port;
+	char *folder;
 	char *user;
 	char *pass;
 	int use_ssl;
@@ -128,6 +102,7 @@ static struct imap_server_conf server = {
 	NULL,	/* tunnel */
 	NULL,	/* host */
 	0,	/* port */
+	NULL,	/* folder */
 	NULL,	/* user */
 	NULL,	/* pass */
 	0,   	/* use_ssl */
@@ -136,20 +111,6 @@ static struct imap_server_conf server = {
 	NULL,	/* auth_method */
 };
 
-struct imap_store_conf {
-	struct store_conf gen;
-	struct imap_server_conf *server;
-};
-
-#define NIL	(void *)0x1
-#define LIST	(void *)0x2
-
-struct imap_list {
-	struct imap_list *next, *child;
-	char *val;
-	int len;
-};
-
 struct imap_socket {
 	int fd[2];
 	SSL *ssl;
@@ -166,7 +127,6 @@ struct imap_cmd;
 
 struct imap {
 	int uidnext; /* from SELECT responses */
-	struct imap_list *ns_personal, *ns_other, *ns_shared; /* NAMESPACE info */
 	unsigned caps, rcaps; /* CAPABILITY results */
 	/* command queue */
 	int nexttag, num_in_progress, literal_pending;
@@ -175,11 +135,11 @@ struct imap {
 };
 
 struct imap_store {
-	struct store gen;
+	/* currently open mailbox */
+	const char *name; /* foreign! maybe preset? */
 	int uidvalidity;
 	struct imap *imap;
 	const char *prefix;
-	unsigned /*currentnc:1,*/ trashnc:1;
 };
 
 struct imap_cmd_cb {
@@ -189,7 +149,6 @@ struct imap_cmd_cb {
 	char *data;
 	int dlen;
 	int uid;
-	unsigned create:1, trycreate:1;
 };
 
 struct imap_cmd {
@@ -226,14 +185,6 @@ static const char *cap_list[] = {
 static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd);
 
 
-static const char *Flags[] = {
-	"Draft",
-	"Flagged",
-	"Answered",
-	"Seen",
-	"Deleted",
-};
-
 #ifndef NO_OPENSSL
 static void ssl_socket_perror(const char *func)
 {
@@ -266,12 +217,64 @@ static void socket_perror(const char *func, struct imap_socket *sock, int ret)
 	}
 }
 
+#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
 {
-#ifdef NO_OPENSSL
 	fprintf(stderr, "SSL requested but SSL support not compiled in\n");
 	return -1;
+}
+
 #else
+
+static int host_matches(const char *host, const char *pattern)
+{
+	if (pattern[0] == '*' && pattern[1] == '.') {
+		pattern += 2;
+		if (!(host = strchr(host, '.')))
+			return 0;
+		host++;
+	}
+
+	return *host && *pattern && !strcasecmp(host, pattern);
+}
+
+static int verify_hostname(X509 *cert, const char *hostname)
+{
+	int len;
+	X509_NAME *subj;
+	char cname[1000];
+	int i, found;
+	STACK_OF(GENERAL_NAME) *subj_alt_names;
+
+	/* try the DNS subjectAltNames */
+	found = 0;
+	if ((subj_alt_names = X509_get_ext_d2i(cert, NID_subject_alt_name, NULL, NULL))) {
+		int num_subj_alt_names = sk_GENERAL_NAME_num(subj_alt_names);
+		for (i = 0; !found && i < num_subj_alt_names; i++) {
+			GENERAL_NAME *subj_alt_name = sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(subj_alt_names, i);
+			if (subj_alt_name->type == GEN_DNS &&
+			    strlen((const char *)subj_alt_name->d.ia5->data) == (size_t)subj_alt_name->d.ia5->length &&
+			    host_matches(hostname, (const char *)(subj_alt_name->d.ia5->data)))
+				found = 1;
+		}
+		sk_GENERAL_NAME_pop_free(subj_alt_names, GENERAL_NAME_free);
+	}
+	if (found)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* try the common name */
+	if (!(subj = X509_get_subject_name(cert)))
+		return error("cannot get certificate subject");
+	if ((len = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(subj, NID_commonName, cname, sizeof(cname))) < 0)
+		return error("cannot get certificate common name");
+	if (strlen(cname) == (size_t)len && host_matches(hostname, cname))
+		return 0;
+	return error("certificate owner '%s' does not match hostname '%s'",
+		     cname, hostname);
+}
+
+static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int verify)
+{
 #if (OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10000000L)
 	const SSL_METHOD *meth;
 #else
@@ -279,6 +282,7 @@ static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int ve
 #endif
 	SSL_CTX *ctx;
 	int ret;
+	X509 *cert;
 
 	SSL_library_init();
 	SSL_load_error_strings();
@@ -316,15 +320,35 @@ static int ssl_socket_connect(struct imap_socket *sock, int use_tls_only, int ve
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+#ifdef SSL_CTRL_SET_TLSEXT_HOSTNAME
+	/*
+	 * SNI (RFC4366)
+	 * OpenSSL does not document this function, but the implementation
+	 * returns 1 on success, 0 on failure after calling SSLerr().
+	 */
+	ret = SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(sock->ssl, server.host);
+	if (ret != 1)
+		warning("SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(%s) failed.", server.host);
+#endif
+
 	ret = SSL_connect(sock->ssl);
 	if (ret <= 0) {
 		socket_perror("SSL_connect", sock, ret);
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (verify) {
+		/* make sure the hostname matches that of the certificate */
+		cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(sock->ssl);
+		if (!cert)
+			return error("unable to get peer certificate.");
+		if (verify_hostname(cert, server.host) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
-#endif
 }
+#endif
 
 static int socket_read(struct imap_socket *sock, char *buf, int len)
 {
@@ -413,7 +437,7 @@ static int buffer_gets(struct imap_buffer *b, char **s)
 			if (b->buf[b->offset + 1] == '\n') {
 				b->buf[b->offset] = 0;  /* terminate the string */
 				b->offset += 2; /* next line */
-				if (Verbose)
+				if (0 < verbosity)
 					puts(*s);
 				return 0;
 			}
@@ -428,7 +452,7 @@ static void imap_info(const char *msg, ...)
 {
 	va_list va;
 
-	if (!Quiet) {
+	if (0 <= verbosity) {
 		va_start(va, msg);
 		vprintf(msg, va);
 		va_end(va);
@@ -440,7 +464,7 @@ static void imap_warn(const char *msg, ...)
 {
 	va_list va;
 
-	if (Quiet < 2) {
+	if (-2 < verbosity) {
 		va_start(va, msg);
 		vfprintf(stderr, msg, va);
 		va_end(va);
@@ -477,16 +501,6 @@ static char *next_arg(char **s)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static void free_generic_messages(struct message *msgs)
-{
-	struct message *tmsg;
-
-	for (; msgs; msgs = tmsg) {
-		tmsg = msgs->next;
-		free(msgs);
-	}
-}
-
 static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -499,9 +513,9 @@ static int nfsnprintf(char *buf, int blen, const char *fmt, ...)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static struct imap_cmd *v_issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
-					 struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
-					 const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+static struct imap_cmd *issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
+				       struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
+				       const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
 	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
 	struct imap_cmd *cmd;
@@ -527,10 +541,10 @@ static struct imap_cmd *v_issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
 				  cmd->tag, cmd->cmd, cmd->cb.dlen,
 				  CAP(LITERALPLUS) ? "+" : "");
 
-	if (Verbose) {
+	if (0 < verbosity) {
 		if (imap->num_in_progress)
 			printf("(%d in progress) ", imap->num_in_progress);
-		if (memcmp(cmd->cmd, "LOGIN", 5))
+		if (!starts_with(cmd->cmd, "LOGIN"))
 			printf(">>> %s", buf);
 		else
 			printf(">>> %d LOGIN <user> <pass>\n", cmd->tag);
@@ -565,20 +579,6 @@ static struct imap_cmd *v_issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
 }
 
 __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
-static struct imap_cmd *issue_imap_cmd(struct imap_store *ctx,
-				       struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
-				       const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-	struct imap_cmd *ret;
-	va_list ap;
-
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	ret = v_issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
-	va_end(ap);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
 static int imap_exec(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 		     const char *fmt, ...)
 {
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ static int imap_exec(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 	struct imap_cmd *cmdp;
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	cmdp = v_issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
+	cmdp = issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 	if (!cmdp)
 		return RESP_BAD;
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ static int imap_exec_m(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 	struct imap_cmd *cmdp;
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	cmdp = v_issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
+	cmdp = issue_imap_cmd(ctx, cb, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 	if (!cmdp)
 		return DRV_STORE_BAD;
@@ -614,35 +614,9 @@ static int imap_exec_m(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 	}
 }
 
-static int is_atom(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	return list && list->val && list->val != NIL && list->val != LIST;
-}
-
-static int is_list(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	return list && list->val == LIST;
-}
-
-static void free_list(struct imap_list *list)
-{
-	struct imap_list *tmp;
-
-	for (; list; list = tmp) {
-		tmp = list->next;
-		if (is_list(list))
-			free_list(list->child);
-		else if (is_atom(list))
-			free(list->val);
-		free(list);
-	}
-}
-
-static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **curp, int level)
+static int skip_imap_list_l(char **sp, int level)
 {
-	struct imap_list *cur;
-	char *s = *sp, *p;
-	int n, bytes;
+	char *s = *sp;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		while (isspace((unsigned char)*s))
@@ -651,68 +625,23 @@ static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **cu
 			s++;
 			break;
 		}
-		*curp = cur = xmalloc(sizeof(*cur));
-		curp = &cur->next;
-		cur->val = NULL; /* for clean bail */
 		if (*s == '(') {
 			/* sublist */
 			s++;
-			cur->val = LIST;
-			if (parse_imap_list_l(imap, &s, &cur->child, level + 1))
-				goto bail;
-		} else if (imap && *s == '{') {
-			/* literal */
-			bytes = cur->len = strtol(s + 1, &s, 10);
-			if (*s != '}')
-				goto bail;
-
-			s = cur->val = xmalloc(cur->len);
-
-			/* dump whats left over in the input buffer */
-			n = imap->buf.bytes - imap->buf.offset;
-
-			if (n > bytes)
-				/* the entire message fit in the buffer */
-				n = bytes;
-
-			memcpy(s, imap->buf.buf + imap->buf.offset, n);
-			s += n;
-			bytes -= n;
-
-			/* mark that we used part of the buffer */
-			imap->buf.offset += n;
-
-			/* now read the rest of the message */
-			while (bytes > 0) {
-				if ((n = socket_read(&imap->buf.sock, s, bytes)) <= 0)
-					goto bail;
-				s += n;
-				bytes -= n;
-			}
-
-			if (buffer_gets(&imap->buf, &s))
+			if (skip_imap_list_l(&s, level + 1))
 				goto bail;
 		} else if (*s == '"') {
 			/* quoted string */
 			s++;
-			p = s;
 			for (; *s != '"'; s++)
 				if (!*s)
 					goto bail;
-			cur->len = s - p;
 			s++;
-			cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
 		} else {
 			/* atom */
-			p = s;
 			for (; *s && !isspace((unsigned char)*s); s++)
 				if (level && *s == ')')
 					break;
-			cur->len = s - p;
-			if (cur->len == 3 && !memcmp("NIL", p, 3))
-				cur->val = NIL;
-			else
-				cur->val = xmemdupz(p, cur->len);
 		}
 
 		if (!level)
@@ -721,27 +650,15 @@ static int parse_imap_list_l(struct imap *imap, char **sp, struct imap_list **cu
 			goto bail;
 	}
 	*sp = s;
-	*curp = NULL;
 	return 0;
 
 bail:
-	*curp = NULL;
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static struct imap_list *parse_imap_list(struct imap *imap, char **sp)
-{
-	struct imap_list *head;
-
-	if (!parse_imap_list_l(imap, sp, &head, 0))
-		return head;
-	free_list(head);
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static struct imap_list *parse_list(char **sp)
+static void skip_list(char **sp)
 {
-	return parse_imap_list(NULL, sp);
+	skip_imap_list_l(sp, 0);
 }
 
 static void parse_capability(struct imap *imap, char *cmd)
@@ -773,7 +690,7 @@ static int parse_response_code(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 	*p++ = 0;
 	arg = next_arg(&s);
 	if (!strcmp("UIDVALIDITY", arg)) {
-		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->uidvalidity = atoi(arg))) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed UIDVALIDITY status\n");
 			return RESP_BAD;
 		}
@@ -791,7 +708,7 @@ static int parse_response_code(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 		for (; isspace((unsigned char)*p); p++);
 		fprintf(stderr, "*** IMAP ALERT *** %s\n", p);
 	} else if (cb && cb->ctx && !strcmp("APPENDUID", arg)) {
-		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->gen.uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
+		if (!(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(ctx->uidvalidity = atoi(arg)) ||
 		    !(arg = next_arg(&s)) || !(*(int *)cb->ctx = atoi(arg))) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: malformed APPENDUID status\n");
 			return RESP_BAD;
@@ -803,8 +720,8 @@ static int parse_response_code(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd_cb *cb,
 static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd)
 {
 	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
-	struct imap_cmd *cmdp, **pcmdp, *ncmdp;
-	char *cmd, *arg, *arg1, *p;
+	struct imap_cmd *cmdp, **pcmdp;
+	char *cmd, *arg, *arg1;
 	int n, resp, resp2, tag;
 
 	for (;;) {
@@ -820,20 +737,28 @@ static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd)
 			}
 
 			if (!strcmp("NAMESPACE", arg)) {
-				imap->ns_personal = parse_list(&cmd);
-				imap->ns_other = parse_list(&cmd);
-				imap->ns_shared = parse_list(&cmd);
+				/* rfc2342 NAMESPACE response. */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Personal mailboxes */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Others' mailboxes */
+				skip_list(&cmd); /* Shared mailboxes */
 			} else if (!strcmp("OK", arg) || !strcmp("BAD", arg) ||
 				   !strcmp("NO", arg) || !strcmp("BYE", arg)) {
 				if ((resp = parse_response_code(ctx, NULL, cmd)) != RESP_OK)
 					return resp;
-			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg))
+			} else if (!strcmp("CAPABILITY", arg)) {
 				parse_capability(imap, cmd);
-			else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
-				if (!strcmp("EXISTS", arg1))
-					ctx->gen.count = atoi(arg);
-				else if (!strcmp("RECENT", arg1))
-					ctx->gen.recent = atoi(arg);
+			} else if ((arg1 = next_arg(&cmd))) {
+				; /*
+				   * Unhandled response-data with at least two words.
+				   * Ignore it.
+				   *
+				   * NEEDSWORK: Previously this case handled '<num> EXISTS'
+				   * and '<num> RECENT' but as a probably-unintended side
+				   * effect it ignores other unrecognized two-word
+				   * responses.  imap-send doesn't ever try to read
+				   * messages or mailboxes these days, so consider
+				   * eliminating this case.
+				   */
 			} else {
 				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: unable to parse untagged response\n");
 				return RESP_BAD;
@@ -882,39 +807,17 @@ static int get_cmd_result(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *tcmd)
 			if (!strcmp("OK", arg))
 				resp = DRV_OK;
 			else {
-				if (!strcmp("NO", arg)) {
-					if (cmdp->cb.create && cmd && (cmdp->cb.trycreate || !memcmp(cmd, "[TRYCREATE]", 11))) { /* SELECT, APPEND or UID COPY */
-						p = strchr(cmdp->cmd, '"');
-						if (!issue_imap_cmd(ctx, NULL, "CREATE \"%.*s\"", (int)(strchr(p + 1, '"') - p + 1), p)) {
-							resp = RESP_BAD;
-							goto normal;
-						}
-						/* not waiting here violates the spec, but a server that does not
-						   grok this nonetheless violates it too. */
-						cmdp->cb.create = 0;
-						if (!(ncmdp = issue_imap_cmd(ctx, &cmdp->cb, "%s", cmdp->cmd))) {
-							resp = RESP_BAD;
-							goto normal;
-						}
-						free(cmdp->cmd);
-						free(cmdp);
-						if (!tcmd)
-							return 0;	/* ignored */
-						if (cmdp == tcmd)
-							tcmd = ncmdp;
-						continue;
-					}
+				if (!strcmp("NO", arg))
 					resp = RESP_NO;
-				} else /*if (!strcmp("BAD", arg))*/
+				else /*if (!strcmp("BAD", arg))*/
 					resp = RESP_BAD;
 				fprintf(stderr, "IMAP command '%s' returned response (%s) - %s\n",
-					 memcmp(cmdp->cmd, "LOGIN", 5) ?
+					!starts_with(cmdp->cmd, "LOGIN") ?
 							cmdp->cmd : "LOGIN <user> <pass>",
 							arg, cmd ? cmd : "");
 			}
 			if ((resp2 = parse_response_code(ctx, &cmdp->cb, cmd)) > resp)
 				resp = resp2;
-		normal:
 			if (cmdp->cb.done)
 				cmdp->cb.done(ctx, cmdp, resp);
 			free(cmdp->cb.data);
@@ -935,16 +838,12 @@ static void imap_close_server(struct imap_store *ictx)
 		imap_exec(ictx, NULL, "LOGOUT");
 		socket_shutdown(&imap->buf.sock);
 	}
-	free_list(imap->ns_personal);
-	free_list(imap->ns_other);
-	free_list(imap->ns_shared);
 	free(imap);
 }
 
-static void imap_close_store(struct store *ctx)
+static void imap_close_store(struct imap_store *ctx)
 {
-	imap_close_server((struct imap_store *)ctx);
-	free_generic_messages(ctx->msgs);
+	imap_close_server(ctx);
 	free(ctx);
 }
 
@@ -1022,40 +921,40 @@ static int auth_cram_md5(struct imap_store *ctx, struct imap_cmd *cmd, const cha
 
 	ret = socket_write(&ctx->imap->buf.sock, response, strlen(response));
 	if (ret != strlen(response))
-		return error("IMAP error: sending response failed\n");
+		return error("IMAP error: sending response failed");
 
 	free(response);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
+static struct imap_store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc, char *folder)
 {
+	struct credential cred = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
 	struct imap_store *ctx;
 	struct imap *imap;
 	char *arg, *rsp;
 	int s = -1, preauth;
 
-	ctx = xcalloc(sizeof(*ctx), 1);
+	ctx = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*ctx));
 
-	ctx->imap = imap = xcalloc(sizeof(*imap), 1);
+	ctx->imap = imap = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*imap));
 	imap->buf.sock.fd[0] = imap->buf.sock.fd[1] = -1;
 	imap->in_progress_append = &imap->in_progress;
 
 	/* open connection to IMAP server */
 
 	if (srvc->tunnel) {
-		const char *argv[] = { srvc->tunnel, NULL };
-		struct child_process tunnel = {NULL};
+		struct child_process tunnel = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 		imap_info("Starting tunnel '%s'... ", srvc->tunnel);
 
-		tunnel.argv = argv;
+		argv_array_push(&tunnel.args, srvc->tunnel);
 		tunnel.use_shell = 1;
 		tunnel.in = -1;
 		tunnel.out = -1;
 		if (start_command(&tunnel))
-			die("cannot start proxy %s", argv[0]);
+			die("cannot start proxy %s", srvc->tunnel);
 
 		imap->buf.sock.fd[0] = tunnel.out;
 		imap->buf.sock.fd[1] = tunnel.in;
@@ -1181,25 +1080,23 @@ static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
 		}
 #endif
 		imap_info("Logging in...\n");
-		if (!srvc->user) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Skipping server %s, no user\n", srvc->host);
-			goto bail;
-		}
-		if (!srvc->pass) {
-			struct strbuf prompt = STRBUF_INIT;
-			strbuf_addf(&prompt, "Password (%s@%s): ", srvc->user, srvc->host);
-			arg = git_getpass(prompt.buf);
-			strbuf_release(&prompt);
-			if (!*arg) {
-				fprintf(stderr, "Skipping account %s@%s, no password\n", srvc->user, srvc->host);
-				goto bail;
-			}
-			/*
-			 * getpass() returns a pointer to a static buffer.  make a copy
-			 * for long term storage.
-			 */
-			srvc->pass = xstrdup(arg);
+		if (!srvc->user || !srvc->pass) {
+			cred.protocol = xstrdup(srvc->use_ssl ? "imaps" : "imap");
+			cred.host = xstrdup(srvc->host);
+
+			if (srvc->user)
+				cred.username = xstrdup(srvc->user);
+			if (srvc->pass)
+				cred.password = xstrdup(srvc->pass);
+
+			credential_fill(&cred);
+
+			if (!srvc->user)
+				srvc->user = xstrdup(cred.username);
+			if (!srvc->pass)
+				srvc->pass = xstrdup(cred.password);
 		}
+
 		if (CAP(NOLOGIN)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Skipping account %s@%s, server forbids LOGIN\n", srvc->user, srvc->host);
 			goto bail;
@@ -1238,177 +1135,144 @@ static struct store *imap_open_store(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
 		}
 	} /* !preauth */
 
+	if (cred.username)
+		credential_approve(&cred);
+	credential_clear(&cred);
+
+	/* check the target mailbox exists */
+	ctx->name = folder;
+	switch (imap_exec(ctx, NULL, "EXAMINE \"%s\"", ctx->name)) {
+	case RESP_OK:
+		/* ok */
+		break;
+	case RESP_BAD:
+		fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: could not check mailbox\n");
+		goto out;
+	case RESP_NO:
+		if (imap_exec(ctx, NULL, "CREATE \"%s\"", ctx->name) == RESP_OK) {
+			imap_info("Created missing mailbox\n");
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr, "IMAP error: could not create missing mailbox\n");
+			goto out;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
 	ctx->prefix = "";
-	ctx->trashnc = 1;
-	return (struct store *)ctx;
+	return ctx;
 
 bail:
-	imap_close_store(&ctx->gen);
-	return NULL;
-}
+	if (cred.username)
+		credential_reject(&cred);
+	credential_clear(&cred);
 
-static int imap_make_flags(int flags, char *buf)
-{
-	const char *s;
-	unsigned i, d;
-
-	for (i = d = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(Flags); i++)
-		if (flags & (1 << i)) {
-			buf[d++] = ' ';
-			buf[d++] = '\\';
-			for (s = Flags[i]; *s; s++)
-				buf[d++] = *s;
-		}
-	buf[0] = '(';
-	buf[d++] = ')';
-	return d;
+ out:
+	imap_close_store(ctx);
+	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void lf_to_crlf(struct msg_data *msg)
+/*
+ * Insert CR characters as necessary in *msg to ensure that every LF
+ * character in *msg is preceded by a CR.
+ */
+static void lf_to_crlf(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
 	char *new;
-	int i, j, lfnum = 0;
-
-	if (msg->data[0] == '\n')
-		lfnum++;
-	for (i = 1; i < msg->len; i++) {
-		if (msg->data[i - 1] != '\r' && msg->data[i] == '\n')
-			lfnum++;
+	size_t i, j;
+	char lastc;
+
+	/* First pass: tally, in j, the size of the new string: */
+	for (i = j = 0, lastc = '\0'; i < msg->len; i++) {
+		if (msg->buf[i] == '\n' && lastc != '\r')
+			j++; /* a CR will need to be added here */
+		lastc = msg->buf[i];
+		j++;
 	}
 
-	new = xmalloc(msg->len + lfnum);
-	if (msg->data[0] == '\n') {
-		new[0] = '\r';
-		new[1] = '\n';
-		i = 1;
-		j = 2;
-	} else {
-		new[0] = msg->data[0];
-		i = 1;
-		j = 1;
-	}
-	for ( ; i < msg->len; i++) {
-		if (msg->data[i] != '\n') {
-			new[j++] = msg->data[i];
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (msg->data[i - 1] != '\r')
+	new = xmalloc(j + 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Second pass: write the new string.  Note that this loop is
+	 * otherwise identical to the first pass.
+	 */
+	for (i = j = 0, lastc = '\0'; i < msg->len; i++) {
+		if (msg->buf[i] == '\n' && lastc != '\r')
 			new[j++] = '\r';
-		/* otherwise it already had CR before */
-		new[j++] = '\n';
+		lastc = new[j++] = msg->buf[i];
 	}
-	msg->len += lfnum;
-	free(msg->data);
-	msg->data = new;
+	strbuf_attach(msg, new, j, j + 1);
 }
 
-static int imap_store_msg(struct store *gctx, struct msg_data *data)
+/*
+ * Store msg to IMAP.  Also detach and free the data from msg->data,
+ * leaving msg->data empty.
+ */
+static int imap_store_msg(struct imap_store *ctx, struct strbuf *msg)
 {
-	struct imap_store *ctx = (struct imap_store *)gctx;
 	struct imap *imap = ctx->imap;
 	struct imap_cmd_cb cb;
 	const char *prefix, *box;
-	int ret, d;
-	char flagstr[128];
+	int ret;
 
-	lf_to_crlf(data);
+	lf_to_crlf(msg);
 	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
 
-	cb.dlen = data->len;
-	cb.data = xmalloc(cb.dlen);
-	memcpy(cb.data, data->data, data->len);
+	cb.dlen = msg->len;
+	cb.data = strbuf_detach(msg, NULL);
 
-	d = 0;
-	if (data->flags) {
-		d = imap_make_flags(data->flags, flagstr);
-		flagstr[d++] = ' ';
-	}
-	flagstr[d] = 0;
-
-	box = gctx->name;
+	box = ctx->name;
 	prefix = !strcmp(box, "INBOX") ? "" : ctx->prefix;
-	cb.create = 0;
-	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" %s", prefix, box, flagstr);
+	ret = imap_exec_m(ctx, &cb, "APPEND \"%s%s\" ", prefix, box);
 	imap->caps = imap->rcaps;
 	if (ret != DRV_OK)
 		return ret;
-	gctx->count++;
 
 	return DRV_OK;
 }
 
-static void encode_html_chars(struct strbuf *p)
-{
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < p->len; i++) {
-		if (p->buf[i] == '&')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&amp;", 5);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '<')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&lt;", 4);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '>')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&gt;", 4);
-		if (p->buf[i] == '"')
-			strbuf_splice(p, i, 1, "&quot;", 6);
-	}
-}
-static void wrap_in_html(struct msg_data *msg)
+static void wrap_in_html(struct strbuf *msg)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **lines;
-	struct strbuf **p;
 	static char *content_type = "Content-Type: text/html;\n";
 	static char *pre_open = "<pre>\n";
 	static char *pre_close = "</pre>\n";
-	int added_header = 0;
-
-	strbuf_attach(&buf, msg->data, msg->len, msg->len);
-	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-	for (p = lines; *p; p++) {
-		if (! added_header) {
-			if ((*p)->len == 1 && *((*p)->buf) == '\n') {
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
-				strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
-				strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
-				added_header = 1;
-				continue;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-			encode_html_chars(*p);
-		strbuf_addbuf(&buf, *p);
-	}
+	const char *body = strstr(msg->buf, "\n\n");
+
+	if (!body)
+		return; /* Headers but no body; no wrapping needed */
+
+	body += 2;
+
+	strbuf_add(&buf, msg->buf, body - msg->buf - 1);
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, content_type);
+	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_open);
+	strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(&buf, body);
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, pre_close);
-	strbuf_list_free(lines);
-	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+	strbuf_release(msg);
+	*msg = buf;
 }
 
 #define CHUNKSIZE 0x1000
 
-static int read_message(FILE *f, struct msg_data *msg)
+static int read_message(FILE *f, struct strbuf *all_msgs)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-	memset(msg, 0, sizeof(*msg));
-
 	do {
-		if (strbuf_fread(&buf, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
+		if (strbuf_fread(all_msgs, CHUNKSIZE, f) <= 0)
 			break;
 	} while (!feof(f));
 
-	msg->len  = buf.len;
-	msg->data = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	return msg->len;
+	return ferror(f) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int count_messages(struct msg_data *msg)
+static int count_messages(struct strbuf *all_msgs)
 {
 	int count = 0;
-	char *p = msg->data;
+	char *p = all_msgs->buf;
 
 	while (1) {
-		if (!prefixcmp(p, "From ")) {
+		if (starts_with(p, "From ")) {
 			p = strstr(p+5, "\nFrom: ");
 			if (!p) break;
 			p = strstr(p+7, "\nDate: ");
@@ -1426,105 +1290,242 @@ static int count_messages(struct msg_data *msg)
 	return count;
 }
 
-static int split_msg(struct msg_data *all_msgs, struct msg_data *msg, int *ofs)
+/*
+ * Copy the next message from all_msgs, starting at offset *ofs, to
+ * msg.  Update *ofs to the start of the following message.  Return
+ * true iff a message was successfully copied.
+ */
+static int split_msg(struct strbuf *all_msgs, struct strbuf *msg, int *ofs)
 {
 	char *p, *data;
+	size_t len;
 
-	memset(msg, 0, sizeof *msg);
 	if (*ofs >= all_msgs->len)
 		return 0;
 
-	data = &all_msgs->data[*ofs];
-	msg->len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
+	data = &all_msgs->buf[*ofs];
+	len = all_msgs->len - *ofs;
 
-	if (msg->len < 5 || prefixcmp(data, "From "))
+	if (len < 5 || !starts_with(data, "From "))
 		return 0;
 
 	p = strchr(data, '\n');
 	if (p) {
-		p = &p[1];
-		msg->len -= p-data;
-		*ofs += p-data;
+		p++;
+		len -= p - data;
+		*ofs += p - data;
 		data = p;
 	}
 
 	p = strstr(data, "\nFrom ");
 	if (p)
-		msg->len = &p[1] - data;
+		len = &p[1] - data;
 
-	msg->data = xmemdupz(data, msg->len);
-	*ofs += msg->len;
+	strbuf_add(msg, data, len);
+	*ofs += len;
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static char *imap_folder;
+static void git_imap_config(void)
+{
+	const char *val = NULL;
+
+	git_config_get_bool("imap.sslverify", &server.ssl_verify);
+	git_config_get_bool("imap.preformattedhtml", &server.use_html);
+	git_config_get_string("imap.folder", &server.folder);
+
+	if (!git_config_get_value("imap.host", &val)) {
+		if (!val) {
+			git_die_config("imap.host", "Missing value for 'imap.host'");
+		} else {
+			if (starts_with(val, "imap:"))
+				val += 5;
+			else if (starts_with(val, "imaps:")) {
+				val += 6;
+				server.use_ssl = 1;
+			}
+			if (starts_with(val, "//"))
+				val += 2;
+			server.host = xstrdup(val);
+		}
+	}
+
+	git_config_get_string("imap.user", &server.user);
+	git_config_get_string("imap.pass", &server.pass);
+	git_config_get_int("imap.port", &server.port);
+	git_config_get_string("imap.tunnel", &server.tunnel);
+	git_config_get_string("imap.authmethod", &server.auth_method);
+}
+
+static int append_msgs_to_imap(struct imap_server_conf *server,
+			       struct strbuf* all_msgs, int total)
+{
+	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct imap_store *ctx = NULL;
+	int ofs = 0;
+	int r;
+	int n = 0;
+
+	ctx = imap_open_store(server, server->folder);
+	if (!ctx) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "failed to open store\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	ctx->name = server->folder;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "sending %d message%s\n", total, (total != 1) ? "s" : "");
+	while (1) {
+		unsigned percent = n * 100 / total;
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "%4u%% (%d/%d) done\r", percent, n, total);
+
+		if (!split_msg(all_msgs, &msg, &ofs))
+			break;
+		if (server->use_html)
+			wrap_in_html(&msg);
+		r = imap_store_msg(ctx, &msg);
+		if (r != DRV_OK)
+			break;
+		n++;
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+	imap_close_store(ctx);
+
+	return 0;
+}
 
-static int git_imap_config(const char *key, const char *val, void *cb)
+#ifdef USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+static CURL *setup_curl(struct imap_server_conf *srvc)
 {
-	char imap_key[] = "imap.";
+	CURL *curl;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	if (strncmp(key, imap_key, sizeof imap_key - 1))
-		return 0;
+	if (curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL) != CURLE_OK)
+		die("curl_global_init failed");
+
+	curl = curl_easy_init();
 
-	key += sizeof imap_key - 1;
-
-	/* check booleans first, and barf on others */
-	if (!strcmp("sslverify", key))
-		server.ssl_verify = git_config_bool(key, val);
-	else if (!strcmp("preformattedhtml", key))
-		server.use_html = git_config_bool(key, val);
-	else if (!val)
-		return config_error_nonbool(key);
-
-	if (!strcmp("folder", key)) {
-		imap_folder = xstrdup(val);
-	} else if (!strcmp("host", key)) {
-		if (!prefixcmp(val, "imap:"))
-			val += 5;
-		else if (!prefixcmp(val, "imaps:")) {
-			val += 6;
-			server.use_ssl = 1;
+	if (!curl)
+		die("curl_easy_init failed");
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERNAME, server.user);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PASSWORD, server.pass);
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, server.host);
+	if (!path.len || path.buf[path.len - 1] != '/')
+		strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, server.folder);
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, path.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PORT, server.port);
+
+	if (server.auth_method) {
+		struct strbuf auth = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addstr(&auth, "AUTH=");
+		strbuf_addstr(&auth, server.auth_method);
+		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_LOGIN_OPTIONS, auth.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&auth);
+	}
+
+	if (!server.use_ssl)
+		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USE_SSL, (long)CURLUSESSL_TRY);
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, server.ssl_verify);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, server.ssl_verify);
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, fread_buffer);
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1L);
+
+	if (0 < verbosity || getenv("GIT_CURL_VERBOSE"))
+		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
+
+	return curl;
+}
+
+static int curl_append_msgs_to_imap(struct imap_server_conf *server,
+				    struct strbuf* all_msgs, int total) {
+	int ofs = 0;
+	int n = 0;
+	struct buffer msgbuf = { STRBUF_INIT, 0 };
+	CURL *curl;
+	CURLcode res = CURLE_OK;
+
+	curl = setup_curl(server);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READDATA, &msgbuf);
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "sending %d message%s\n", total, (total != 1) ? "s" : "");
+	while (1) {
+		unsigned percent = n * 100 / total;
+		int prev_len;
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "%4u%% (%d/%d) done\r", percent, n, total);
+
+		prev_len = msgbuf.buf.len;
+		if (!split_msg(all_msgs, &msgbuf.buf, &ofs))
+			break;
+		if (server->use_html)
+			wrap_in_html(&msgbuf.buf);
+		lf_to_crlf(&msgbuf.buf);
+
+		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_INFILESIZE_LARGE,
+				 (curl_off_t)(msgbuf.buf.len-prev_len));
+
+		res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+
+		if(res != CURLE_OK) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "curl_easy_perform() failed: %s\n",
+					curl_easy_strerror(res));
+			break;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(val, "//"))
-			val += 2;
-		server.host = xstrdup(val);
-	} else if (!strcmp("user", key))
-		server.user = xstrdup(val);
-	else if (!strcmp("pass", key))
-		server.pass = xstrdup(val);
-	else if (!strcmp("port", key))
-		server.port = git_config_int(key, val);
-	else if (!strcmp("tunnel", key))
-		server.tunnel = xstrdup(val);
-	else if (!strcmp("authmethod", key))
-		server.auth_method = xstrdup(val);
+
+		n++;
+	}
+	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+
+	curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+	curl_global_cleanup();
 
 	return 0;
 }
+#endif
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	struct msg_data all_msgs, msg;
-	struct store *ctx = NULL;
-	int ofs = 0;
-	int r;
-	int total, n = 0;
+	struct strbuf all_msgs = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int total;
 	int nongit_ok;
 
 	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
 
 	git_setup_gettext();
 
-	if (argc != 1)
-		usage(imap_send_usage);
-
 	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit_ok);
-	git_config(git_imap_config, NULL);
+	git_imap_config();
+
+	argc = parse_options(argc, (const char **)argv, "", imap_send_options, imap_send_usage, 0);
+
+	if (argc)
+		usage_with_options(imap_send_usage, imap_send_options);
+
+#ifndef USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+	if (use_curl) {
+		warning("--curl not supported in this build");
+		use_curl = 0;
+	}
+#elif defined(NO_OPENSSL)
+	if (!use_curl) {
+		warning("--no-curl not supported in this build");
+		use_curl = 1;
+	}
+#endif
 
 	if (!server.port)
 		server.port = server.use_ssl ? 993 : 143;
 
-	if (!imap_folder) {
+	if (!server.folder) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "no imap store specified\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1537,7 +1538,12 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	/* read the messages */
-	if (!read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+	if (read_message(stdin, &all_msgs)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "error reading input\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (all_msgs.len == 0) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "nothing to send\n");
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1549,29 +1555,14 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	/* write it to the imap server */
-	ctx = imap_open_store(&server);
-	if (!ctx) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "failed to open store\n");
-		return 1;
-	}
 
-	fprintf(stderr, "sending %d message%s\n", total, (total != 1) ? "s" : "");
-	ctx->name = imap_folder;
-	while (1) {
-		unsigned percent = n * 100 / total;
-		fprintf(stderr, "%4u%% (%d/%d) done\r", percent, n, total);
-		if (!split_msg(&all_msgs, &msg, &ofs))
-			break;
-		if (server.use_html)
-			wrap_in_html(&msg);
-		r = imap_store_msg(ctx, &msg);
-		if (r != DRV_OK)
-			break;
-		n++;
-	}
-	fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	if (server.tunnel)
+		return append_msgs_to_imap(&server, &all_msgs, total);
 
-	imap_close_store(ctx);
+#ifdef USE_CURL_FOR_IMAP_SEND
+	if (use_curl)
+		return curl_append_msgs_to_imap(&server, &all_msgs, total);
+#endif
 
-	return 0;
+	return append_msgs_to_imap(&server, &all_msgs, total);
 }
diff --git a/khash.h b/khash.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..376475a5ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/khash.h
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+/* The MIT License
+
+   Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2011 by Attractive Chaos <attractor@live.co.uk>
+
+   Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+   a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+   "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+   without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+   the following conditions:
+
+   The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+   included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+   THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+   EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+   MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+   NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+   BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+   ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+   CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+   SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef __AC_KHASH_H
+#define __AC_KHASH_H
+
+#define AC_VERSION_KHASH_H "0.2.8"
+
+typedef uint32_t khint32_t;
+typedef uint64_t khint64_t;
+
+typedef khint32_t khint_t;
+typedef khint_t khiter_t;
+
+#define __ac_isempty(flag, i) ((flag[i>>4]>>((i&0xfU)<<1))&2)
+#define __ac_isdel(flag, i) ((flag[i>>4]>>((i&0xfU)<<1))&1)
+#define __ac_iseither(flag, i) ((flag[i>>4]>>((i&0xfU)<<1))&3)
+#define __ac_set_isdel_false(flag, i) (flag[i>>4]&=~(1ul<<((i&0xfU)<<1)))
+#define __ac_set_isempty_false(flag, i) (flag[i>>4]&=~(2ul<<((i&0xfU)<<1)))
+#define __ac_set_isboth_false(flag, i) (flag[i>>4]&=~(3ul<<((i&0xfU)<<1)))
+#define __ac_set_isdel_true(flag, i) (flag[i>>4]|=1ul<<((i&0xfU)<<1))
+
+#define __ac_fsize(m) ((m) < 16? 1 : (m)>>4)
+
+#define kroundup32(x) (--(x), (x)|=(x)>>1, (x)|=(x)>>2, (x)|=(x)>>4, (x)|=(x)>>8, (x)|=(x)>>16, ++(x))
+
+static inline khint_t __ac_X31_hash_string(const char *s)
+{
+	khint_t h = (khint_t)*s;
+	if (h) for (++s ; *s; ++s) h = (h << 5) - h + (khint_t)*s;
+	return h;
+}
+
+#define kh_str_hash_func(key) __ac_X31_hash_string(key)
+#define kh_str_hash_equal(a, b) (strcmp(a, b) == 0)
+
+static const double __ac_HASH_UPPER = 0.77;
+
+#define __KHASH_TYPE(name, khkey_t, khval_t) \
+	typedef struct { \
+		khint_t n_buckets, size, n_occupied, upper_bound; \
+		khint32_t *flags; \
+		khkey_t *keys; \
+		khval_t *vals; \
+	} kh_##name##_t;
+
+#define __KHASH_PROTOTYPES(name, khkey_t, khval_t)	 					\
+	extern kh_##name##_t *kh_init_##name(void);							\
+	extern void kh_destroy_##name(kh_##name##_t *h);					\
+	extern void kh_clear_##name(kh_##name##_t *h);						\
+	extern khint_t kh_get_##name(const kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key); 	\
+	extern int kh_resize_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khint_t new_n_buckets); \
+	extern khint_t kh_put_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key, int *ret); \
+	extern void kh_del_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khint_t x);
+
+#define __KHASH_IMPL(name, SCOPE, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal) \
+	SCOPE kh_##name##_t *kh_init_##name(void) {							\
+		return (kh_##name##_t*)xcalloc(1, sizeof(kh_##name##_t));		\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE void kh_destroy_##name(kh_##name##_t *h)						\
+	{																	\
+		if (h) {														\
+			free((void *)h->keys); free(h->flags);					\
+			free((void *)h->vals);										\
+			free(h);													\
+		}																\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE void kh_clear_##name(kh_##name##_t *h)						\
+	{																	\
+		if (h && h->flags) {											\
+			memset(h->flags, 0xaa, __ac_fsize(h->n_buckets) * sizeof(khint32_t)); \
+			h->size = h->n_occupied = 0;								\
+		}																\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE khint_t kh_get_##name(const kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key) 	\
+	{																	\
+		if (h->n_buckets) {												\
+			khint_t k, i, last, mask, step = 0; \
+			mask = h->n_buckets - 1;									\
+			k = __hash_func(key); i = k & mask;							\
+			last = i; \
+			while (!__ac_isempty(h->flags, i) && (__ac_isdel(h->flags, i) || !__hash_equal(h->keys[i], key))) { \
+				i = (i + (++step)) & mask; \
+				if (i == last) return h->n_buckets;						\
+			}															\
+			return __ac_iseither(h->flags, i)? h->n_buckets : i;		\
+		} else return 0;												\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE int kh_resize_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khint_t new_n_buckets) \
+	{ /* This function uses 0.25*n_buckets bytes of working space instead of [sizeof(key_t+val_t)+.25]*n_buckets. */ \
+		khint32_t *new_flags = NULL;										\
+		khint_t j = 1;													\
+		{																\
+			kroundup32(new_n_buckets); 									\
+			if (new_n_buckets < 4) new_n_buckets = 4;					\
+			if (h->size >= (khint_t)(new_n_buckets * __ac_HASH_UPPER + 0.5)) j = 0;	/* requested size is too small */ \
+			else { /* hash table size to be changed (shrink or expand); rehash */ \
+				new_flags = (khint32_t*)xmalloc(__ac_fsize(new_n_buckets) * sizeof(khint32_t));	\
+				if (!new_flags) return -1;								\
+				memset(new_flags, 0xaa, __ac_fsize(new_n_buckets) * sizeof(khint32_t)); \
+				if (h->n_buckets < new_n_buckets) {	/* expand */		\
+					REALLOC_ARRAY(h->keys, new_n_buckets); \
+					if (kh_is_map) {									\
+						REALLOC_ARRAY(h->vals, new_n_buckets); \
+					}													\
+				} /* otherwise shrink */								\
+			}															\
+		}																\
+		if (j) { /* rehashing is needed */								\
+			for (j = 0; j != h->n_buckets; ++j) {						\
+				if (__ac_iseither(h->flags, j) == 0) {					\
+					khkey_t key = h->keys[j];							\
+					khval_t val;										\
+					khint_t new_mask;									\
+					new_mask = new_n_buckets - 1; 						\
+					if (kh_is_map) val = h->vals[j];					\
+					__ac_set_isdel_true(h->flags, j);					\
+					while (1) { /* kick-out process; sort of like in Cuckoo hashing */ \
+						khint_t k, i, step = 0; \
+						k = __hash_func(key);							\
+						i = k & new_mask;								\
+						while (!__ac_isempty(new_flags, i)) i = (i + (++step)) & new_mask; \
+						__ac_set_isempty_false(new_flags, i);			\
+						if (i < h->n_buckets && __ac_iseither(h->flags, i) == 0) { /* kick out the existing element */ \
+							{ khkey_t tmp = h->keys[i]; h->keys[i] = key; key = tmp; } \
+							if (kh_is_map) { khval_t tmp = h->vals[i]; h->vals[i] = val; val = tmp; } \
+							__ac_set_isdel_true(h->flags, i); /* mark it as deleted in the old hash table */ \
+						} else { /* write the element and jump out of the loop */ \
+							h->keys[i] = key;							\
+							if (kh_is_map) h->vals[i] = val;			\
+							break;										\
+						}												\
+					}													\
+				}														\
+			}															\
+			if (h->n_buckets > new_n_buckets) { /* shrink the hash table */ \
+				REALLOC_ARRAY(h->keys, new_n_buckets); \
+				if (kh_is_map) REALLOC_ARRAY(h->vals, new_n_buckets); \
+			}															\
+			free(h->flags); /* free the working space */				\
+			h->flags = new_flags;										\
+			h->n_buckets = new_n_buckets;								\
+			h->n_occupied = h->size;									\
+			h->upper_bound = (khint_t)(h->n_buckets * __ac_HASH_UPPER + 0.5); \
+		}																\
+		return 0;														\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE khint_t kh_put_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key, int *ret) \
+	{																	\
+		khint_t x;														\
+		if (h->n_occupied >= h->upper_bound) { /* update the hash table */ \
+			if (h->n_buckets > (h->size<<1)) {							\
+				if (kh_resize_##name(h, h->n_buckets - 1) < 0) { /* clear "deleted" elements */ \
+					*ret = -1; return h->n_buckets;						\
+				}														\
+			} else if (kh_resize_##name(h, h->n_buckets + 1) < 0) { /* expand the hash table */ \
+				*ret = -1; return h->n_buckets;							\
+			}															\
+		} /* TODO: to implement automatically shrinking; resize() already support shrinking */ \
+		{																\
+			khint_t k, i, site, last, mask = h->n_buckets - 1, step = 0; \
+			x = site = h->n_buckets; k = __hash_func(key); i = k & mask; \
+			if (__ac_isempty(h->flags, i)) x = i; /* for speed up */	\
+			else {														\
+				last = i; \
+				while (!__ac_isempty(h->flags, i) && (__ac_isdel(h->flags, i) || !__hash_equal(h->keys[i], key))) { \
+					if (__ac_isdel(h->flags, i)) site = i;				\
+					i = (i + (++step)) & mask; \
+					if (i == last) { x = site; break; }					\
+				}														\
+				if (x == h->n_buckets) {								\
+					if (__ac_isempty(h->flags, i) && site != h->n_buckets) x = site; \
+					else x = i;											\
+				}														\
+			}															\
+		}																\
+		if (__ac_isempty(h->flags, x)) { /* not present at all */		\
+			h->keys[x] = key;											\
+			__ac_set_isboth_false(h->flags, x);							\
+			++h->size; ++h->n_occupied;									\
+			*ret = 1;													\
+		} else if (__ac_isdel(h->flags, x)) { /* deleted */				\
+			h->keys[x] = key;											\
+			__ac_set_isboth_false(h->flags, x);							\
+			++h->size;													\
+			*ret = 2;													\
+		} else *ret = 0; /* Don't touch h->keys[x] if present and not deleted */ \
+		return x;														\
+	}																	\
+	SCOPE void kh_del_##name(kh_##name##_t *h, khint_t x)				\
+	{																	\
+		if (x != h->n_buckets && !__ac_iseither(h->flags, x)) {			\
+			__ac_set_isdel_true(h->flags, x);							\
+			--h->size;													\
+		}																\
+	}
+
+#define KHASH_DECLARE(name, khkey_t, khval_t)		 					\
+	__KHASH_TYPE(name, khkey_t, khval_t) 								\
+	__KHASH_PROTOTYPES(name, khkey_t, khval_t)
+
+#define KHASH_INIT2(name, SCOPE, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal) \
+	__KHASH_TYPE(name, khkey_t, khval_t) 								\
+	__KHASH_IMPL(name, SCOPE, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal)
+
+#define KHASH_INIT(name, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal) \
+	KHASH_INIT2(name, static inline, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal)
+
+/* Other convenient macros... */
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Test whether a bucket contains data.
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @param  x     Iterator to the bucket [khint_t]
+  @return       1 if containing data; 0 otherwise [int]
+ */
+#define kh_exist(h, x) (!__ac_iseither((h)->flags, (x)))
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get key given an iterator
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @param  x     Iterator to the bucket [khint_t]
+  @return       Key [type of keys]
+ */
+#define kh_key(h, x) ((h)->keys[x])
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get value given an iterator
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @param  x     Iterator to the bucket [khint_t]
+  @return       Value [type of values]
+  @discussion   For hash sets, calling this results in segfault.
+ */
+#define kh_val(h, x) ((h)->vals[x])
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Alias of kh_val()
+ */
+#define kh_value(h, x) ((h)->vals[x])
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get the start iterator
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @return       The start iterator [khint_t]
+ */
+#define kh_begin(h) (khint_t)(0)
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get the end iterator
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @return       The end iterator [khint_t]
+ */
+#define kh_end(h) ((h)->n_buckets)
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get the number of elements in the hash table
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @return       Number of elements in the hash table [khint_t]
+ */
+#define kh_size(h) ((h)->size)
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Get the number of buckets in the hash table
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @return       Number of buckets in the hash table [khint_t]
+ */
+#define kh_n_buckets(h) ((h)->n_buckets)
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Iterate over the entries in the hash table
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @param  kvar  Variable to which key will be assigned
+  @param  vvar  Variable to which value will be assigned
+  @param  code  Block of code to execute
+ */
+#define kh_foreach(h, kvar, vvar, code) { khint_t __i;		\
+	for (__i = kh_begin(h); __i != kh_end(h); ++__i) {		\
+		if (!kh_exist(h,__i)) continue;						\
+		(kvar) = kh_key(h,__i);								\
+		(vvar) = kh_val(h,__i);								\
+		code;												\
+	} }
+
+/*! @function
+  @abstract     Iterate over the values in the hash table
+  @param  h     Pointer to the hash table [khash_t(name)*]
+  @param  vvar  Variable to which value will be assigned
+  @param  code  Block of code to execute
+ */
+#define kh_foreach_value(h, vvar, code) { khint_t __i;		\
+	for (__i = kh_begin(h); __i != kh_end(h); ++__i) {		\
+		if (!kh_exist(h,__i)) continue;						\
+		(vvar) = kh_val(h,__i);								\
+		code;												\
+	} }
+
+#define __kh_oid_cmp(a, b) (hashcmp(a, b) == 0)
+
+KHASH_INIT(sha1, const unsigned char *, void *, 1, sha1hash, __kh_oid_cmp)
+typedef kh_sha1_t khash_sha1;
+
+KHASH_INIT(sha1_pos, const unsigned char *, int, 1, sha1hash, __kh_oid_cmp)
+typedef kh_sha1_pos_t khash_sha1_pos;
+
+#endif /* __AC_KHASH_H */
diff --git a/kwset.c b/kwset.c
index 51b2ab6c7e..e6236a0359 100644
--- a/kwset.c
+++ b/kwset.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
    The author may be reached (Email) at the address mike@ai.mit.edu,
    or (US mail) as Mike Haertel c/o Free Software Foundation. */
 
-/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblence
+/* The algorithm implemented by these routines bears a startling resemblance
    to one discovered by Beate Commentz-Walter, although it is not identical.
    See "A String Matching Algorithm Fast on the Average," Technical Report,
    IBM-Germany, Scientific Center Heidelberg, Tiergartenstrasse 15, D-6900
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ struct trie
   struct trie *fail;		/* Aho-Corasick failure function. */
   int depth;			/* Depth of this node from the root. */
   int shift;			/* Shift function for search failures. */
-  int maxshift;			/* Max shift of self and descendents. */
+  int maxshift;			/* Max shift of self and descendants. */
 };
 
 /* Structure returned opaquely to the caller, containing everything. */
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ struct kwset
   struct trie *next[NCHAR];	/* Table of children of the root. */
   char *target;			/* Target string if there's only one. */
   int mind2;			/* Used in Boyer-Moore search for one string. */
-  char const *trans;		/* Character translation table. */
+  unsigned char const *trans;  /* Character translation table. */
 };
 
 /* Allocate and initialize a keyword set object, returning an opaque
    pointer to it.  Return NULL if memory is not available. */
 kwset_t
-kwsalloc (char const *trans)
+kwsalloc (unsigned char const *trans)
 {
   struct kwset *kwset;
 
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ treefails (register struct tree const *tree, struct trie const *fail,
   treefails(tree->rlink, fail, recourse);
 
   /* Find, in the chain of fails going back to the root, the first
-     node that has a descendent on the current label. */
+     node that has a descendant on the current label. */
   while (fail)
     {
       link = fail->links;
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ kwsprep (kwset_t kws)
   register struct kwset *kwset;
   register int i;
   register struct trie *curr;
-  register char const *trans;
+  register unsigned char const *trans;
   unsigned char delta[NCHAR];
 
   kwset = (struct kwset *) kws;
@@ -426,16 +426,16 @@ kwsprep (kwset_t kws)
 	 computing the delta table, failure function, and shift function. */
       for (curr = last = kwset->trie; curr; curr = curr->next)
 	{
-	  /* Enqueue the immediate descendents in the level order queue. */
+	  /* Enqueue the immediate descendants in the level order queue. */
 	  enqueue(curr->links, &last);
 
 	  curr->shift = kwset->mind;
 	  curr->maxshift = kwset->mind;
 
-	  /* Update the delta table for the descendents of this node. */
+	  /* Update the delta table for the descendants of this node. */
 	  treedelta(curr->links, curr->depth, delta);
 
-	  /* Compute the failure function for the decendents of this node. */
+	  /* Compute the failure function for the descendants of this node. */
 	  treefails(curr->links, curr->fail, kwset->trie);
 
 	  /* Update the shifts at each node in the current node's chain
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ kwsprep (kwset_t kws)
 		  fail->shift = curr->depth - fail->depth;
 
 	      /* If the current node is accepting then the shift at the
-		 fail and its descendents should be no larger than the
+		 fail and its descendants should be no larger than the
 		 difference of their depths. */
 	      if (curr->accepting && fail->maxshift > curr->depth - fail->depth)
 		fail->maxshift = curr->depth - fail->depth;
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ cwexec (kwset_t kws, char const *text, size_t len, struct kwsmatch *kwsmatch)
   register int d;
   register char const *end, *qlim;
   register struct tree const *tree;
-  register char const *trans;
+  register unsigned char const *trans;
 
   accept = NULL;
 
diff --git a/kwset.h b/kwset.h
index a21b2eadfd..61a134f256 100644
--- a/kwset.h
+++ b/kwset.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ typedef struct kwset_t* kwset_t;
    if enough memory cannot be obtained.  The argument if non-NULL
    specifies a table of character translations to be applied to all
    pattern and search text. */
-extern kwset_t kwsalloc(char const *);
+extern kwset_t kwsalloc(unsigned char const *);
 
 /* Incrementally extend the keyword set to include the given string.
    Return NULL for success, or an error message.  Remember an index
diff --git a/line-log.c b/line-log.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a490efea07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-log.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1255 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "blob.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "decorate.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "log-tree.h"
+#include "graph.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
+
+static void range_set_grow(struct range_set *rs, size_t extra)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(rs->ranges, rs->nr + extra, rs->alloc);
+}
+
+/* Either initialization would be fine */
+#define RANGE_SET_INIT {0}
+
+void range_set_init(struct range_set *rs, size_t prealloc)
+{
+	rs->alloc = rs->nr = 0;
+	rs->ranges = NULL;
+	if (prealloc)
+		range_set_grow(rs, prealloc);
+}
+
+void range_set_release(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	free(rs->ranges);
+	rs->alloc = rs->nr = 0;
+	rs->ranges = NULL;
+}
+
+/* dst must be uninitialized! */
+static void range_set_copy(struct range_set *dst, struct range_set *src)
+{
+	range_set_init(dst, src->nr);
+	memcpy(dst->ranges, src->ranges, src->nr*sizeof(struct range_set));
+	dst->nr = src->nr;
+}
+static void range_set_move(struct range_set *dst, struct range_set *src)
+{
+	range_set_release(dst);
+	dst->ranges = src->ranges;
+	dst->nr = src->nr;
+	dst->alloc = src->alloc;
+	src->ranges = NULL;
+	src->alloc = src->nr = 0;
+}
+
+/* tack on a _new_ range _at the end_ */
+void range_set_append_unsafe(struct range_set *rs, long a, long b)
+{
+	assert(a <= b);
+	range_set_grow(rs, 1);
+	rs->ranges[rs->nr].start = a;
+	rs->ranges[rs->nr].end = b;
+	rs->nr++;
+}
+
+void range_set_append(struct range_set *rs, long a, long b)
+{
+	assert(rs->nr == 0 || rs->ranges[rs->nr-1].end <= a);
+	range_set_append_unsafe(rs, a, b);
+}
+
+static int range_cmp(const void *_r, const void *_s)
+{
+	const struct range *r = _r;
+	const struct range *s = _s;
+
+	/* this could be simply 'return r.start-s.start', but for the types */
+	if (r->start == s->start)
+		return 0;
+	if (r->start < s->start)
+		return -1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that the ranges are non-empty, sorted and non-overlapping
+ */
+static void range_set_check_invariants(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!rs)
+		return;
+
+	if (rs->nr)
+		assert(rs->ranges[0].start < rs->ranges[0].end);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		assert(rs->ranges[i-1].end < rs->ranges[i].start);
+		assert(rs->ranges[i].start < rs->ranges[i].end);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * In-place pass of sorting and merging the ranges in the range set,
+ * to establish the invariants when we get the ranges from the user
+ */
+void sort_and_merge_range_set(struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i;
+	int o = 0; /* output cursor */
+
+	qsort(rs->ranges, rs->nr, sizeof(struct range), range_cmp);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		if (rs->ranges[i].start == rs->ranges[i].end)
+			continue;
+		if (o > 0 && rs->ranges[i].start <= rs->ranges[o-1].end) {
+			if (rs->ranges[o-1].end < rs->ranges[i].end)
+				rs->ranges[o-1].end = rs->ranges[i].end;
+		} else {
+			rs->ranges[o].start = rs->ranges[i].start;
+			rs->ranges[o].end = rs->ranges[i].end;
+			o++;
+		}
+	}
+	assert(o <= rs->nr);
+	rs->nr = o;
+
+	range_set_check_invariants(rs);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Union of range sets (i.e., sets of line numbers).  Used to merge
+ * them when searches meet at a common ancestor.
+ *
+ * This is also where the ranges are consolidated into canonical form:
+ * overlapping and adjacent ranges are merged, and empty ranges are
+ * removed.
+ */
+static void range_set_union(struct range_set *out,
+			     struct range_set *a, struct range_set *b)
+{
+	int i = 0, j = 0, o = 0;
+	struct range *ra = a->ranges;
+	struct range *rb = b->ranges;
+	/* cannot make an alias of out->ranges: it may change during grow */
+
+	assert(out->nr == 0);
+	while (i < a->nr || j < b->nr) {
+		struct range *new;
+		if (i < a->nr && j < b->nr) {
+			if (ra[i].start < rb[j].start)
+				new = &ra[i++];
+			else if (ra[i].start > rb[j].start)
+				new = &rb[j++];
+			else if (ra[i].end < rb[j].end)
+				new = &ra[i++];
+			else
+				new = &rb[j++];
+		} else if (i < a->nr)      /* b exhausted */
+			new = &ra[i++];
+		else                       /* a exhausted */
+			new = &rb[j++];
+		if (new->start == new->end)
+			; /* empty range */
+		else if (!o || out->ranges[o-1].end < new->start) {
+			range_set_grow(out, 1);
+			out->ranges[o].start = new->start;
+			out->ranges[o].end = new->end;
+			o++;
+		} else if (out->ranges[o-1].end < new->end) {
+			out->ranges[o-1].end = new->end;
+		}
+	}
+	out->nr = o;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Difference of range sets (out = a \ b).  Pass the "interesting"
+ * ranges as 'a' and the target side of the diff as 'b': it removes
+ * the ranges for which the commit is responsible.
+ */
+static void range_set_difference(struct range_set *out,
+				  struct range_set *a, struct range_set *b)
+{
+	int i, j =  0;
+	for (i = 0; i < a->nr; i++) {
+		long start = a->ranges[i].start;
+		long end = a->ranges[i].end;
+		while (start < end) {
+			while (j < b->nr && start >= b->ranges[j].end)
+				/*
+				 * a:         |-------
+				 * b: ------|
+				 */
+				j++;
+			if (j >= b->nr || end < b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * b exhausted, or
+				 * a:  ----|
+				 * b:         |----
+				 */
+				range_set_append(out, start, end);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (start >= b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * a:     |--????
+				 * b: |------|
+				 */
+				start = b->ranges[j].end;
+			} else if (end > b->ranges[j].start) {
+				/*
+				 * a: |-----|
+				 * b:    |--?????
+				 */
+				if (start < b->ranges[j].start)
+					range_set_append(out, start, b->ranges[j].start);
+				start = b->ranges[j].end;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void diff_ranges_init(struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	range_set_init(&diff->parent, 0);
+	range_set_init(&diff->target, 0);
+}
+
+static void diff_ranges_release(struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	range_set_release(&diff->parent);
+	range_set_release(&diff->target);
+}
+
+static void line_log_data_init(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	memset(r, 0, sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+	range_set_init(&r->ranges, 0);
+}
+
+static void line_log_data_clear(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	range_set_release(&r->ranges);
+	if (r->pair)
+		diff_free_filepair(r->pair);
+}
+
+static void free_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	while (r) {
+		struct line_log_data *next = r->next;
+		line_log_data_clear(r);
+		free(r);
+		r = next;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+search_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *list, const char *path,
+		     struct line_log_data **insertion_point)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *p = list;
+	if (insertion_point)
+		*insertion_point = NULL;
+	while (p) {
+		int cmp = strcmp(p->path, path);
+		if (!cmp)
+			return p;
+		if (insertion_point && cmp < 0)
+			*insertion_point = p;
+		p = p->next;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note: takes ownership of 'path', which happens to be what the only
+ * caller needs.
+ */
+static void line_log_data_insert(struct line_log_data **list,
+				 char *path,
+				 long begin, long end)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ip;
+	struct line_log_data *p = search_line_log_data(*list, path, &ip);
+
+	if (p) {
+		range_set_append_unsafe(&p->ranges, begin, end);
+		free(path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+	p->path = path;
+	range_set_append(&p->ranges, begin, end);
+	if (ip) {
+		p->next = ip->next;
+		ip->next = p;
+	} else {
+		p->next = *list;
+		*list = p;
+	}
+}
+
+struct collect_diff_cbdata {
+	struct diff_ranges *diff;
+};
+
+static int collect_diff_cb(long start_a, long count_a,
+			   long start_b, long count_b,
+			   void *data)
+{
+	struct collect_diff_cbdata *d = data;
+
+	if (count_a >= 0)
+		range_set_append(&d->diff->parent, start_a, start_a + count_a);
+	if (count_b >= 0)
+		range_set_append(&d->diff->target, start_b, start_b + count_b);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void collect_diff(mmfile_t *parent, mmfile_t *target, struct diff_ranges *out)
+{
+	struct collect_diff_cbdata cbdata = {NULL};
+	xpparam_t xpp;
+	xdemitconf_t xecfg;
+	xdemitcb_t ecb;
+
+	memset(&xpp, 0, sizeof(xpp));
+	memset(&xecfg, 0, sizeof(xecfg));
+	xecfg.ctxlen = xecfg.interhunkctxlen = 0;
+
+	cbdata.diff = out;
+	xecfg.hunk_func = collect_diff_cb;
+	memset(&ecb, 0, sizeof(ecb));
+	ecb.priv = &cbdata;
+	xdi_diff(parent, target, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * These are handy for debugging.  Removing them with #if 0 silences
+ * the "unused function" warning.
+ */
+#if 0
+static void dump_range_set(struct range_set *rs, const char *desc)
+{
+	int i;
+	printf("range set %s (%d items):\n", desc, rs->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++)
+		printf("\t[%ld,%ld]\n", rs->ranges[i].start, rs->ranges[i].end);
+}
+
+static void dump_line_log_data(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	char buf[4096];
+	while (r) {
+		snprintf(buf, 4096, "file %s\n", r->path);
+		dump_range_set(&r->ranges, buf);
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+}
+
+static void dump_diff_ranges(struct diff_ranges *diff, const char *desc)
+{
+	int i;
+	assert(diff->parent.nr == diff->target.nr);
+	printf("diff ranges %s (%d items):\n", desc, diff->parent.nr);
+	printf("\tparent\ttarget\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < diff->parent.nr; i++) {
+		printf("\t[%ld,%ld]\t[%ld,%ld]\n",
+		       diff->parent.ranges[i].start,
+		       diff->parent.ranges[i].end,
+		       diff->target.ranges[i].start,
+		       diff->target.ranges[i].end);
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+
+static int ranges_overlap(struct range *a, struct range *b)
+{
+	return !(a->end <= b->start || b->end <= a->start);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a diff and the set of interesting ranges, determine all hunks
+ * of the diff which touch (overlap) at least one of the interesting
+ * ranges in the target.
+ */
+static void diff_ranges_filter_touched(struct diff_ranges *out,
+				       struct diff_ranges *diff,
+				       struct range_set *rs)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+
+	assert(out->target.nr == 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff->target.nr; i++) {
+		while (diff->target.ranges[i].start > rs->ranges[j].end) {
+			j++;
+			if (j == rs->nr)
+				return;
+		}
+		if (ranges_overlap(&diff->target.ranges[i], &rs->ranges[j])) {
+			range_set_append(&out->parent,
+					 diff->parent.ranges[i].start,
+					 diff->parent.ranges[i].end);
+			range_set_append(&out->target,
+					 diff->target.ranges[i].start,
+					 diff->target.ranges[i].end);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adjust the line counts in 'rs' to account for the lines
+ * added/removed in the diff.
+ */
+static void range_set_shift_diff(struct range_set *out,
+				 struct range_set *rs,
+				 struct diff_ranges *diff)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+	long offset = 0;
+	struct range *src = rs->ranges;
+	struct range *target = diff->target.ranges;
+	struct range *parent = diff->parent.ranges;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < rs->nr; i++) {
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && src[i].start >= target[j].start) {
+			offset += (parent[j].end-parent[j].start)
+				- (target[j].end-target[j].start);
+			j++;
+		}
+		range_set_append(out, src[i].start+offset, src[i].end+offset);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a diff and the set of interesting ranges, map the ranges
+ * across the diff.  That is: observe that the target commit takes
+ * blame for all the + (target-side) ranges.  So for every pair of
+ * ranges in the diff that was touched, we remove the latter and add
+ * its parent side.
+ */
+static void range_set_map_across_diff(struct range_set *out,
+				      struct range_set *rs,
+				      struct diff_ranges *diff,
+				      struct diff_ranges **touched_out)
+{
+	struct diff_ranges *touched = xmalloc(sizeof(*touched));
+	struct range_set tmp1 = RANGE_SET_INIT;
+	struct range_set tmp2 = RANGE_SET_INIT;
+
+	diff_ranges_init(touched);
+	diff_ranges_filter_touched(touched, diff, rs);
+	range_set_difference(&tmp1, rs, &touched->target);
+	range_set_shift_diff(&tmp2, &tmp1, diff);
+	range_set_union(out, &tmp2, &touched->parent);
+	range_set_release(&tmp1);
+	range_set_release(&tmp2);
+
+	*touched_out = touched;
+}
+
+static struct commit *check_single_commit(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct object *commit = NULL;
+	int found = -1;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
+		if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			continue;
+		while (obj->type == OBJ_TAG)
+			obj = deref_tag(obj, NULL, 0);
+		if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			die("Non commit %s?", revs->pending.objects[i].name);
+		if (commit)
+			die("More than one commit to dig from: %s and %s?",
+			    revs->pending.objects[i].name,
+			    revs->pending.objects[found].name);
+		commit = obj;
+		found = i;
+	}
+
+	if (!commit)
+		die("No commit specified?");
+
+	return (struct commit *) commit;
+}
+
+static void fill_blob_sha1(struct commit *commit, struct diff_filespec *spec)
+{
+	unsigned mode;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (get_tree_entry(commit->object.sha1, spec->path,
+			   sha1, &mode))
+		die("There is no path %s in the commit", spec->path);
+	fill_filespec(spec, sha1, 1, mode);
+
+	return;
+}
+
+static void fill_line_ends(struct diff_filespec *spec, long *lines,
+			   unsigned long **line_ends)
+{
+	int num = 0, size = 50;
+	long cur = 0;
+	unsigned long *ends = NULL;
+	char *data = NULL;
+
+	if (diff_populate_filespec(spec, 0))
+		die("Cannot read blob %s", sha1_to_hex(spec->sha1));
+
+	ends = xmalloc(size * sizeof(*ends));
+	ends[cur++] = 0;
+	data = spec->data;
+	while (num < spec->size) {
+		if (data[num] == '\n' || num == spec->size - 1) {
+			ALLOC_GROW(ends, (cur + 1), size);
+			ends[cur++] = num;
+		}
+		num++;
+	}
+
+	/* shrink the array to fit the elements */
+	REALLOC_ARRAY(ends, cur);
+	*lines = cur-1;
+	*line_ends = ends;
+}
+
+struct nth_line_cb {
+	struct diff_filespec *spec;
+	long lines;
+	unsigned long *line_ends;
+};
+
+static const char *nth_line(void *data, long line)
+{
+	struct nth_line_cb *d = data;
+	assert(d && line <= d->lines);
+	assert(d->spec && d->spec->data);
+
+	if (line == 0)
+		return (char *)d->spec->data;
+	else
+		return (char *)d->spec->data + d->line_ends[line] + 1;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+parse_lines(struct commit *commit, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args)
+{
+	long lines = 0;
+	unsigned long *ends = NULL;
+	struct nth_line_cb cb_data;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct line_log_data *ranges = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *p;
+
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, args) {
+		const char *name_part, *range_part;
+		char *full_name;
+		struct diff_filespec *spec;
+		long begin = 0, end = 0;
+		long anchor;
+
+		name_part = skip_range_arg(item->string);
+		if (!name_part || *name_part != ':' || !name_part[1])
+			die("-L argument '%s' not of the form start,end:file",
+			    item->string);
+		range_part = xstrndup(item->string, name_part - item->string);
+		name_part++;
+
+		full_name = prefix_path(prefix, prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0,
+					name_part);
+
+		spec = alloc_filespec(full_name);
+		fill_blob_sha1(commit, spec);
+		fill_line_ends(spec, &lines, &ends);
+		cb_data.spec = spec;
+		cb_data.lines = lines;
+		cb_data.line_ends = ends;
+
+		p = search_line_log_data(ranges, full_name, NULL);
+		if (p && p->ranges.nr)
+			anchor = p->ranges.ranges[p->ranges.nr - 1].end + 1;
+		else
+			anchor = 1;
+
+		if (parse_range_arg(range_part, nth_line, &cb_data,
+				    lines, anchor, &begin, &end,
+				    full_name))
+			die("malformed -L argument '%s'", range_part);
+		if (lines < end || ((lines || begin) && lines < begin))
+			die("file %s has only %lu lines", name_part, lines);
+		if (begin < 1)
+			begin = 1;
+		if (end < 1)
+			end = lines;
+		begin--;
+		line_log_data_insert(&ranges, full_name, begin, end);
+
+		free_filespec(spec);
+		free(ends);
+		ends = NULL;
+	}
+
+	for (p = ranges; p; p = p->next)
+		sort_and_merge_range_set(&p->ranges);
+
+	return ranges;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *line_log_data_copy_one(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = xmalloc(sizeof(*ret));
+
+	assert(r);
+	line_log_data_init(ret);
+	range_set_copy(&ret->ranges, &r->ranges);
+
+	ret->path = xstrdup(r->path);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *
+line_log_data_copy(struct line_log_data *r)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *tmp = NULL, *prev = NULL;
+
+	assert(r);
+	ret = tmp = prev = line_log_data_copy_one(r);
+	r = r->next;
+	while (r) {
+		tmp = line_log_data_copy_one(r);
+		prev->next = tmp;
+		prev = tmp;
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* merge two range sets across files */
+static struct line_log_data *line_log_data_merge(struct line_log_data *a,
+						 struct line_log_data *b)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *head = NULL, **pp = &head;
+
+	while (a || b) {
+		struct line_log_data *src;
+		struct line_log_data *src2 = NULL;
+		struct line_log_data *d;
+		int cmp;
+		if (!a)
+			cmp = 1;
+		else if (!b)
+			cmp = -1;
+		else
+			cmp = strcmp(a->path, b->path);
+		if (cmp < 0) {
+			src = a;
+			a = a->next;
+		} else if (cmp == 0) {
+			src = a;
+			a = a->next;
+			src2 = b;
+			b = b->next;
+		} else {
+			src = b;
+			b = b->next;
+		}
+		d = xmalloc(sizeof(struct line_log_data));
+		line_log_data_init(d);
+		d->path = xstrdup(src->path);
+		*pp = d;
+		pp = &d->next;
+		if (src2)
+			range_set_union(&d->ranges, &src->ranges, &src2->ranges);
+		else
+			range_set_copy(&d->ranges, &src->ranges);
+	}
+
+	return head;
+}
+
+static void add_line_range(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+			   struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *old = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *new = NULL;
+
+	old = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+	if (old && range) {
+		new = line_log_data_merge(old, range);
+		free_line_log_data(old);
+	} else if (range)
+		new = line_log_data_copy(range);
+
+	if (new)
+		add_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object, new);
+}
+
+static void clear_commit_line_range(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *r;
+	r = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+	if (!r)
+		return;
+	free_line_log_data(r);
+	add_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object, NULL);
+}
+
+static struct line_log_data *lookup_line_range(struct rev_info *revs,
+					       struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *ret = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *d;
+
+	ret = lookup_decoration(&revs->line_log_data, &commit->object);
+
+	for (d = ret; d; d = d->next)
+		range_set_check_invariants(&d->ranges);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void line_log_init(struct rev_info *rev, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+	struct line_log_data *range;
+
+	commit = check_single_commit(rev);
+	range = parse_lines(commit, prefix, args);
+	add_line_range(rev, commit, range);
+
+	if (!rev->diffopt.detect_rename) {
+		int i, count = 0;
+		struct line_log_data *r = range;
+		const char **paths;
+		while (r) {
+			count++;
+			r = r->next;
+		}
+		paths = xmalloc((count+1)*sizeof(char *));
+		r = range;
+		for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+			paths[i] = xstrdup(r->path);
+			r = r->next;
+		}
+		paths[count] = NULL;
+		parse_pathspec(&rev->diffopt.pathspec, 0,
+			       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL, "", paths);
+		free(paths);
+	}
+}
+
+static void move_diff_queue(struct diff_queue_struct *dst,
+			    struct diff_queue_struct *src)
+{
+	assert(src != dst);
+	memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(struct diff_queue_struct));
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(src);
+}
+
+static void filter_diffs_for_paths(struct line_log_data *range, int keep_deletions)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct diff_queue_struct outq;
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&outq);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
+		struct line_log_data *rg = NULL;
+
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->two)) {
+			if (keep_deletions)
+				diff_q(&outq, p);
+			else
+				diff_free_filepair(p);
+			continue;
+		}
+		for (rg = range; rg; rg = rg->next) {
+			if (!strcmp(rg->path, p->two->path))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (rg)
+			diff_q(&outq, p);
+		else
+			diff_free_filepair(p);
+	}
+	free(diff_queued_diff.queue);
+	diff_queued_diff = outq;
+}
+
+static inline int diff_might_be_rename(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++)
+		if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->one)) {
+			/* fprintf(stderr, "diff_might_be_rename found creation of: %s\n", */
+			/* 	diff_queued_diff.queue[i]->two->path); */
+			return 1;
+		}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void queue_diffs(struct line_log_data *range,
+			struct diff_options *opt,
+			struct diff_queue_struct *queue,
+			struct commit *commit, struct commit *parent)
+{
+	assert(commit);
+
+	DIFF_QUEUE_CLEAR(&diff_queued_diff);
+	diff_tree_sha1(parent ? parent->tree->object.sha1 : NULL,
+			commit->tree->object.sha1, "", opt);
+	if (opt->detect_rename) {
+		filter_diffs_for_paths(range, 1);
+		if (diff_might_be_rename())
+			diffcore_std(opt);
+		filter_diffs_for_paths(range, 0);
+	}
+	move_diff_queue(queue, &diff_queued_diff);
+}
+
+static char *get_nth_line(long line, unsigned long *ends, void *data)
+{
+	if (line == 0)
+		return (char *)data;
+	else
+		return (char *)data + ends[line] + 1;
+}
+
+static void print_line(const char *prefix, char first,
+		       long line, unsigned long *ends, void *data,
+		       const char *color, const char *reset)
+{
+	char *begin = get_nth_line(line, ends, data);
+	char *end = get_nth_line(line+1, ends, data);
+	int had_nl = 0;
+
+	if (end > begin && end[-1] == '\n') {
+		end--;
+		had_nl = 1;
+	}
+
+	fputs(prefix, stdout);
+	fputs(color, stdout);
+	putchar(first);
+	fwrite(begin, 1, end-begin, stdout);
+	fputs(reset, stdout);
+	putchar('\n');
+	if (!had_nl)
+		fputs("\\ No newline at end of file\n", stdout);
+}
+
+static char *output_prefix(struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	char *prefix = "";
+
+	if (opt->output_prefix) {
+		struct strbuf *sb = opt->output_prefix(opt, opt->output_prefix_data);
+		prefix = sb->buf;
+	}
+
+	return prefix;
+}
+
+static void dump_diff_hacky_one(struct rev_info *rev, struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	int i, j = 0;
+	long p_lines, t_lines;
+	unsigned long *p_ends = NULL, *t_ends = NULL;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair = range->pair;
+	struct diff_ranges *diff = &range->diff;
+
+	struct diff_options *opt = &rev->diffopt;
+	char *prefix = output_prefix(opt);
+	const char *c_reset = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_RESET);
+	const char *c_frag = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FRAGINFO);
+	const char *c_meta = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_METAINFO);
+	const char *c_old = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
+	const char *c_new = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
+	const char *c_plain = diff_get_color(opt->use_color, DIFF_PLAIN);
+
+	if (!pair || !diff)
+		return;
+
+	if (pair->one->sha1_valid)
+		fill_line_ends(pair->one, &p_lines, &p_ends);
+	fill_line_ends(pair->two, &t_lines, &t_ends);
+
+	printf("%s%sdiff --git a/%s b/%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta, pair->one->path, pair->two->path, c_reset);
+	printf("%s%s--- %s%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta,
+	       pair->one->sha1_valid ? "a/" : "",
+	       pair->one->sha1_valid ? pair->one->path : "/dev/null",
+	       c_reset);
+	printf("%s%s+++ b/%s%s\n", prefix, c_meta, pair->two->path, c_reset);
+	for (i = 0; i < range->ranges.nr; i++) {
+		long p_start, p_end;
+		long t_start = range->ranges.ranges[i].start;
+		long t_end = range->ranges.ranges[i].end;
+		long t_cur = t_start;
+		int j_last;
+
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j].end < t_start)
+			j++;
+		if (j == diff->target.nr || diff->target.ranges[j].start > t_end)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Scan ahead to determine the last diff that falls in this range */
+		j_last = j;
+		while (j_last < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j_last].start < t_end)
+			j_last++;
+		if (j_last > j)
+			j_last--;
+
+		/*
+		 * Compute parent hunk headers: we know that the diff
+		 * has the correct line numbers (but not all hunks).
+		 * So it suffices to shift the start/end according to
+		 * the line numbers of the first/last hunk(s) that
+		 * fall in this range.
+		 */
+		if (t_start < diff->target.ranges[j].start)
+			p_start = diff->parent.ranges[j].start - (diff->target.ranges[j].start-t_start);
+		else
+			p_start = diff->parent.ranges[j].start;
+		if (t_end > diff->target.ranges[j_last].end)
+			p_end = diff->parent.ranges[j_last].end + (t_end-diff->target.ranges[j_last].end);
+		else
+			p_end = diff->parent.ranges[j_last].end;
+
+		if (!p_start && !p_end) {
+			p_start = -1;
+			p_end = -1;
+		}
+
+		/* Now output a diff hunk for this range */
+		printf("%s%s@@ -%ld,%ld +%ld,%ld @@%s\n",
+		       prefix, c_frag,
+		       p_start+1, p_end-p_start, t_start+1, t_end-t_start,
+		       c_reset);
+		while (j < diff->target.nr && diff->target.ranges[j].start < t_end) {
+			int k;
+			for (; t_cur < diff->target.ranges[j].start; t_cur++)
+				print_line(prefix, ' ', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+					   c_plain, c_reset);
+			for (k = diff->parent.ranges[j].start; k < diff->parent.ranges[j].end; k++)
+				print_line(prefix, '-', k, p_ends, pair->one->data,
+					   c_old, c_reset);
+			for (; t_cur < diff->target.ranges[j].end && t_cur < t_end; t_cur++)
+				print_line(prefix, '+', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+					   c_new, c_reset);
+			j++;
+		}
+		for (; t_cur < t_end; t_cur++)
+			print_line(prefix, ' ', t_cur, t_ends, pair->two->data,
+				   c_plain, c_reset);
+	}
+
+	free(p_ends);
+	free(t_ends);
+}
+
+/*
+ * NEEDSWORK: manually building a diff here is not the Right
+ * Thing(tm).  log -L should be built into the diff pipeline.
+ */
+static void dump_diff_hacky(struct rev_info *rev, struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	puts(output_prefix(&rev->diffopt));
+	while (range) {
+		dump_diff_hacky_one(rev, range);
+		range = range->next;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unlike most other functions, this destructively operates on
+ * 'range'.
+ */
+static int process_diff_filepair(struct rev_info *rev,
+				 struct diff_filepair *pair,
+				 struct line_log_data *range,
+				 struct diff_ranges **diff_out)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *rg = range;
+	struct range_set tmp;
+	struct diff_ranges diff;
+	mmfile_t file_parent, file_target;
+
+	assert(pair->two->path);
+	while (rg) {
+		assert(rg->path);
+		if (!strcmp(rg->path, pair->two->path))
+			break;
+		rg = rg->next;
+	}
+
+	if (!rg)
+		return 0;
+	if (rg->ranges.nr == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	assert(pair->two->sha1_valid);
+	diff_populate_filespec(pair->two, 0);
+	file_target.ptr = pair->two->data;
+	file_target.size = pair->two->size;
+
+	if (pair->one->sha1_valid) {
+		diff_populate_filespec(pair->one, 0);
+		file_parent.ptr = pair->one->data;
+		file_parent.size = pair->one->size;
+	} else {
+		file_parent.ptr = "";
+		file_parent.size = 0;
+	}
+
+	diff_ranges_init(&diff);
+	collect_diff(&file_parent, &file_target, &diff);
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK should apply some heuristics to prevent mismatches */
+	free(rg->path);
+	rg->path = xstrdup(pair->one->path);
+
+	range_set_init(&tmp, 0);
+	range_set_map_across_diff(&tmp, &rg->ranges, &diff, diff_out);
+	range_set_release(&rg->ranges);
+	range_set_move(&rg->ranges, &tmp);
+
+	diff_ranges_release(&diff);
+
+	return ((*diff_out)->parent.nr > 0);
+}
+
+static struct diff_filepair *diff_filepair_dup(struct diff_filepair *pair)
+{
+	struct diff_filepair *new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct diff_filepair));
+	new->one = pair->one;
+	new->two = pair->two;
+	new->one->count++;
+	new->two->count++;
+	return new;
+}
+
+static void free_diffqueues(int n, struct diff_queue_struct *dq)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		for (j = 0; j < dq[i].nr; j++)
+			diff_free_filepair(dq[i].queue[j]);
+	free(dq);
+}
+
+static int process_all_files(struct line_log_data **range_out,
+			     struct rev_info *rev,
+			     struct diff_queue_struct *queue,
+			     struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	int i, changed = 0;
+
+	*range_out = line_log_data_copy(range);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < queue->nr; i++) {
+		struct diff_ranges *pairdiff = NULL;
+		struct diff_filepair *pair = queue->queue[i];
+		if (process_diff_filepair(rev, pair, *range_out, &pairdiff)) {
+			/*
+			 * Store away the diff for later output.  We
+			 * tuck it in the ranges we got as _input_,
+			 * since that's the commit that caused the
+			 * diff.
+			 *
+			 * NEEDSWORK not enough when we get around to
+			 * doing something interesting with merges;
+			 * currently each invocation on a merge parent
+			 * trashes the previous one's diff.
+			 *
+			 * NEEDSWORK tramples over data structures not owned here
+			 */
+			struct line_log_data *rg = range;
+			changed++;
+			while (rg && strcmp(rg->path, pair->two->path))
+				rg = rg->next;
+			assert(rg);
+			rg->pair = diff_filepair_dup(queue->queue[i]);
+			memcpy(&rg->diff, pairdiff, sizeof(struct diff_ranges));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+int line_log_print(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *range = lookup_line_range(rev, commit);
+
+	show_log(rev);
+	dump_diff_hacky(rev, range);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_ordinary_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit,
+					  struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct commit *parent = NULL;
+	struct diff_queue_struct queue;
+	struct line_log_data *parent_range;
+	int changed;
+
+	if (commit->parents)
+		parent = commit->parents->item;
+
+	queue_diffs(range, &rev->diffopt, &queue, commit, parent);
+	changed = process_all_files(&parent_range, rev, &queue, range);
+	if (parent)
+		add_line_range(rev, parent, parent_range);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_merge_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit,
+				       struct line_log_data *range)
+{
+	struct diff_queue_struct *diffqueues;
+	struct line_log_data **cand;
+	struct commit **parents;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int i;
+	int nparents = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+
+	if (nparents > 1 && rev->first_parent_only)
+		nparents = 1;
+
+	diffqueues = xmalloc(nparents * sizeof(*diffqueues));
+	cand = xmalloc(nparents * sizeof(*cand));
+	parents = xmalloc(nparents * sizeof(*parents));
+
+	p = commit->parents;
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		parents[i] = p->item;
+		p = p->next;
+		queue_diffs(range, &rev->diffopt, &diffqueues[i], commit, parents[i]);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		int changed;
+		cand[i] = NULL;
+		changed = process_all_files(&cand[i], rev, &diffqueues[i], range);
+		if (!changed) {
+			/*
+			 * This parent can take all the blame, so we
+			 * don't follow any other path in history
+			 */
+			add_line_range(rev, parents[i], cand[i]);
+			clear_commit_line_range(rev, commit);
+			commit_list_append(parents[i], &commit->parents);
+			free(parents);
+			free(cand);
+			free_diffqueues(nparents, diffqueues);
+			/* NEEDSWORK leaking like a sieve */
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No single parent took the blame.  We add the candidates
+	 * from the above loop to the parents.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nparents; i++) {
+		add_line_range(rev, parents[i], cand[i]);
+	}
+
+	clear_commit_line_range(rev, commit);
+	free(parents);
+	free(cand);
+	free_diffqueues(nparents, diffqueues);
+	return 1;
+
+	/* NEEDSWORK evil merge detection stuff */
+	/* NEEDSWORK leaking like a sieve */
+}
+
+static int process_ranges_arbitrary_commit(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct line_log_data *range = lookup_line_range(rev, commit);
+	int changed = 0;
+
+	if (range) {
+		if (!commit->parents || !commit->parents->next)
+			changed = process_ranges_ordinary_commit(rev, commit, range);
+		else
+			changed = process_ranges_merge_commit(rev, commit, range);
+	}
+
+	if (!changed)
+		commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static enum rewrite_result line_log_rewrite_one(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit **pp)
+{
+	for (;;) {
+		struct commit *p = *pp;
+		if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		if (!p->parents)
+			return rewrite_one_noparents;
+		*pp = p->parents->item;
+	}
+}
+
+int line_log_filter(struct rev_info *rev)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct commit_list *list = rev->commits;
+	struct commit_list *out = NULL, **pp = &out;
+
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit_list *to_free = NULL;
+		commit = list->item;
+		if (process_ranges_arbitrary_commit(rev, commit)) {
+			*pp = list;
+			pp = &list->next;
+		} else
+			to_free = list;
+		list = list->next;
+		free(to_free);
+	}
+	*pp = NULL;
+
+	for (list = out; list; list = list->next)
+		rewrite_parents(rev, list->item, line_log_rewrite_one);
+
+	rev->commits = out;
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/line-log.h b/line-log.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a5c24e2df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-log.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifndef LINE_LOG_H
+#define LINE_LOG_H
+
+#include "diffcore.h"
+
+struct rev_info;
+struct commit;
+
+/* A range [start,end].  Lines are numbered starting at 0, and the
+ * ranges include start but exclude end. */
+struct range {
+	long start, end;
+};
+
+/* A set of ranges.  The ranges must always be disjoint and sorted. */
+struct range_set {
+	int alloc, nr;
+	struct range *ranges;
+};
+
+/* A diff, encoded as the set of pre- and post-image ranges where the
+ * files differ. A pair of ranges corresponds to a hunk. */
+struct diff_ranges {
+	struct range_set parent;
+	struct range_set target;
+};
+
+extern void range_set_init(struct range_set *, size_t prealloc);
+extern void range_set_release(struct range_set *);
+/* Range includes start; excludes end */
+extern void range_set_append_unsafe(struct range_set *, long start, long end);
+/* New range must begin at or after end of last added range */
+extern void range_set_append(struct range_set *, long start, long end);
+/*
+ * In-place pass of sorting and merging the ranges in the range set,
+ * to sort and make the ranges disjoint.
+ */
+extern void sort_and_merge_range_set(struct range_set *);
+
+/* Linked list of interesting files and their associated ranges.  The
+ * list must be kept sorted by path.
+ *
+ * For simplicity, even though this is highly redundant, each
+ * line_log_data owns its 'path'.
+ */
+struct line_log_data {
+	struct line_log_data *next;
+	char *path;
+	char status;
+	struct range_set ranges;
+	int arg_alloc, arg_nr;
+	const char **args;
+	struct diff_filepair *pair;
+	struct diff_ranges diff;
+};
+
+extern void line_log_init(struct rev_info *rev, const char *prefix, struct string_list *args);
+
+extern int line_log_filter(struct rev_info *rev);
+
+extern int line_log_print(struct rev_info *rev, struct commit *commit);
+
+#endif /* LINE_LOG_H */
diff --git a/line-range.c b/line-range.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de4e32f942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-range.c
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "line-range.h"
+#include "xdiff-interface.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "userdiff.h"
+
+/*
+ * Parse one item in the -L option
+ *
+ * 'begin' is applicable only to relative range anchors. Absolute anchors
+ * ignore this value.
+ *
+ * When parsing "-L A,B", parse_loc() is called once for A and once for B.
+ *
+ * When parsing A, 'begin' must be a negative number, the absolute value of
+ * which is the line at which relative start-of-range anchors should be
+ * based. Beginning of file is represented by -1.
+ *
+ * When parsing B, 'begin' must be the positive line number immediately
+ * following the line computed for 'A'.
+ */
+static const char *parse_loc(const char *spec, nth_line_fn_t nth_line,
+			     void *data, long lines, long begin, long *ret)
+{
+	char *term;
+	const char *line;
+	long num;
+	int reg_error;
+	regex_t regexp;
+	regmatch_t match[1];
+
+	/* Allow "-L <something>,+20" to mean starting at <something>
+	 * for 20 lines, or "-L <something>,-5" for 5 lines ending at
+	 * <something>.
+	 */
+	if (1 <= begin && (spec[0] == '+' || spec[0] == '-')) {
+		num = strtol(spec + 1, &term, 10);
+		if (term != spec + 1) {
+			if (!ret)
+				return term;
+			if (num == 0)
+				die("-L invalid empty range");
+			if (spec[0] == '-')
+				num = 0 - num;
+			if (0 < num)
+				*ret = begin + num - 2;
+			else if (!num)
+				*ret = begin;
+			else
+				*ret = begin + num;
+			return term;
+		}
+		return spec;
+	}
+	num = strtol(spec, &term, 10);
+	if (term != spec) {
+		if (ret) {
+			if (num <= 0)
+				die("-L invalid line number: %ld", num);
+			*ret = num;
+		}
+		return term;
+	}
+
+	if (begin < 0) {
+		if (spec[0] != '^')
+			begin = -begin;
+		else {
+			begin = 1;
+			spec++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (spec[0] != '/')
+		return spec;
+
+	/* it could be a regexp of form /.../ */
+	for (term = (char *) spec + 1; *term && *term != '/'; term++) {
+		if (*term == '\\')
+			term++;
+	}
+	if (*term != '/')
+		return spec;
+
+	/* in the scan-only case we are not interested in the regex */
+	if (!ret)
+		return term+1;
+
+	/* try [spec+1 .. term-1] as regexp */
+	*term = 0;
+	begin--; /* input is in human terms */
+	line = nth_line(data, begin);
+
+	if (!(reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, spec + 1, REG_NEWLINE)) &&
+	    !(reg_error = regexec(&regexp, line, 1, match, 0))) {
+		const char *cp = line + match[0].rm_so;
+		const char *nline;
+
+		while (begin++ < lines) {
+			nline = nth_line(data, begin);
+			if (line <= cp && cp < nline)
+				break;
+			line = nline;
+		}
+		*ret = begin;
+		regfree(&regexp);
+		*term++ = '/';
+		return term;
+	}
+	else {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+		die("-L parameter '%s' starting at line %ld: %s",
+		    spec + 1, begin + 1, errbuf);
+	}
+}
+
+static int match_funcname(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *bol, const char *eol)
+{
+	if (xecfg) {
+		char buf[1];
+		return xecfg->find_func(bol, eol - bol, buf, 1,
+					xecfg->find_func_priv) >= 0;
+	}
+
+	if (bol == eol)
+		return 0;
+	if (isalpha(*bol) || *bol == '_' || *bol == '$')
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *find_funcname_matching_regexp(xdemitconf_t *xecfg, const char *start,
+						 regex_t *regexp)
+{
+	int reg_error;
+	regmatch_t match[1];
+	while (1) {
+		const char *bol, *eol;
+		reg_error = regexec(regexp, start, 1, match, 0);
+		if (reg_error == REG_NOMATCH)
+			return NULL;
+		else if (reg_error) {
+			char errbuf[1024];
+			regerror(reg_error, regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+			die("-L parameter: regexec() failed: %s", errbuf);
+		}
+		/* determine extent of line matched */
+		bol = start+match[0].rm_so;
+		eol = start+match[0].rm_eo;
+		while (bol > start && *bol != '\n')
+			bol--;
+		if (*bol == '\n')
+			bol++;
+		while (*eol && *eol != '\n')
+			eol++;
+		if (*eol == '\n')
+			eol++;
+		/* is it a funcname line? */
+		if (match_funcname(xecfg, (char*) bol, (char*) eol))
+			return bol;
+		start = eol;
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *parse_range_funcname(const char *arg, nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+					void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor, long *begin, long *end,
+					const char *path)
+{
+	char *pattern;
+	const char *term;
+	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+	xdemitconf_t *xecfg = NULL;
+	const char *start;
+	const char *p;
+	int reg_error;
+	regex_t regexp;
+
+	if (*arg == '^') {
+		anchor = 1;
+		arg++;
+	}
+
+	assert(*arg == ':');
+	term = arg+1;
+	while (*term && *term != ':') {
+		if (*term == '\\' && *(term+1))
+			term++;
+		term++;
+	}
+	if (term == arg+1)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!begin) /* skip_range_arg case */
+		return term;
+
+	pattern = xstrndup(arg+1, term-(arg+1));
+
+	anchor--; /* input is in human terms */
+	start = nth_line_cb(cb_data, anchor);
+
+	drv = userdiff_find_by_path(path);
+	if (drv && drv->funcname.pattern) {
+		const struct userdiff_funcname *pe = &drv->funcname;
+		xecfg = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*xecfg));
+		xdiff_set_find_func(xecfg, pe->pattern, pe->cflags);
+	}
+
+	reg_error = regcomp(&regexp, pattern, REG_NEWLINE);
+	if (reg_error) {
+		char errbuf[1024];
+		regerror(reg_error, &regexp, errbuf, 1024);
+		die("-L parameter '%s': %s", pattern, errbuf);
+	}
+
+	p = find_funcname_matching_regexp(xecfg, (char*) start, &regexp);
+	if (!p)
+		die("-L parameter '%s' starting at line %ld: no match",
+		    pattern, anchor + 1);
+	*begin = 0;
+	while (p > nth_line_cb(cb_data, *begin))
+		(*begin)++;
+
+	if (*begin >= lines)
+		die("-L parameter '%s' matches at EOF", pattern);
+
+	*end = *begin+1;
+	while (*end < lines) {
+		const char *bol = nth_line_cb(cb_data, *end);
+		const char *eol = nth_line_cb(cb_data, *end+1);
+		if (match_funcname(xecfg, bol, eol))
+			break;
+		(*end)++;
+	}
+
+	regfree(&regexp);
+	free(xecfg);
+	free(pattern);
+
+	/* compensate for 1-based numbering */
+	(*begin)++;
+
+	return term;
+}
+
+int parse_range_arg(const char *arg, nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+		    void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor,
+		    long *begin, long *end, const char *path)
+{
+	*begin = *end = 0;
+
+	if (anchor < 1)
+		anchor = 1;
+	if (anchor > lines)
+		anchor = lines + 1;
+
+	if (*arg == ':' || (*arg == '^' && *(arg + 1) == ':')) {
+		arg = parse_range_funcname(arg, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, anchor, begin, end, path);
+		if (!arg || *arg)
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	arg = parse_loc(arg, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, -anchor, begin);
+
+	if (*arg == ',')
+		arg = parse_loc(arg + 1, nth_line_cb, cb_data, lines, *begin + 1, end);
+
+	if (*arg)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (*begin && *end && *end < *begin) {
+		long tmp;
+		tmp = *end; *end = *begin; *begin = tmp;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+const char *skip_range_arg(const char *arg)
+{
+	if (*arg == ':' || (*arg == '^' && *(arg + 1) == ':'))
+		return parse_range_funcname(arg, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+	arg = parse_loc(arg, NULL, NULL, 0, -1, NULL);
+
+	if (*arg == ',')
+		arg = parse_loc(arg+1, NULL, NULL, 0, 0, NULL);
+
+	return arg;
+}
diff --git a/line-range.h b/line-range.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83ba3c25e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/line-range.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef LINE_RANGE_H
+#define LINE_RANGE_H
+
+/*
+ * Parse one item in an -L begin,end option w.r.t. the notional file
+ * object 'cb_data' consisting of 'lines' lines.
+ *
+ * The 'nth_line_cb' callback is used to determine the start of the
+ * line 'lno' inside the 'cb_data'.  The caller is expected to already
+ * have a suitable map at hand to make this a constant-time lookup.
+ *
+ * 'anchor' is the 1-based line at which relative range specifications
+ * should be anchored. Absolute ranges are unaffected by this value.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 in case of success and -1 if there was an error.  The
+ * actual range is stored in *begin and *end.  The counting starts
+ * at 1!  In case of error, the caller should show usage message.
+ */
+
+typedef const char *(*nth_line_fn_t)(void *data, long lno);
+
+extern int parse_range_arg(const char *arg,
+			   nth_line_fn_t nth_line_cb,
+			   void *cb_data, long lines, long anchor,
+			   long *begin, long *end,
+			   const char *path);
+
+/*
+ * Scan past a range argument that could be parsed by
+ * 'parse_range_arg', to help the caller determine the start of the
+ * filename in '-L n,m:file' syntax.
+ *
+ * Returns a pointer to the first character after the 'n,m' part, or
+ * NULL in case the argument is obviously malformed.
+ */
+
+extern const char *skip_range_arg(const char *arg);
+
+#endif /* LINE_RANGE_H */
diff --git a/list-objects.c b/list-objects.c
index 3dd4a96019..2a139b6ced 100644
--- a/list-objects.c
+++ b/list-objects.c
@@ -81,8 +81,11 @@ static void process_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 		die("bad tree object");
 	if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
 		return;
-	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
+	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0) {
+		if (revs->ignore_missing_links)
+			return;
 		die("bad tree object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
+	}
 	obj->flags |= SEEN;
 	show(obj, path, name, cb_data);
 	me.up = path;
@@ -123,8 +126,7 @@ static void process_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
 				     cb_data);
 	}
 	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 }
 
 static void mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit,
@@ -145,19 +147,37 @@ static void mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit,
 	}
 }
 
-void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *list,
-			      struct rev_info *revs,
-			      show_edge_fn show_edge)
+void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct rev_info *revs, show_edge_fn show_edge)
 {
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next) {
+	struct commit_list *list;
+	int i;
+
+	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next) {
 		struct commit *commit = list->item;
 
 		if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) {
 			mark_tree_uninteresting(commit->tree);
+			if (revs->edge_hint_aggressive && !(commit->object.flags & SHOWN)) {
+				commit->object.flags |= SHOWN;
+				show_edge(commit);
+			}
 			continue;
 		}
 		mark_edge_parents_uninteresting(commit, revs, show_edge);
 	}
+	if (revs->edge_hint_aggressive) {
+		for (i = 0; i < revs->cmdline.nr; i++) {
+			struct object *obj = revs->cmdline.rev[i].item;
+			struct commit *commit = (struct commit *)obj;
+			if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT || !(obj->flags & UNINTERESTING))
+				continue;
+			mark_tree_uninteresting(commit->tree);
+			if (!(obj->flags & SHOWN)) {
+				obj->flags |= SHOWN;
+				show_edge(commit);
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 static void add_pending_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct tree *tree)
@@ -188,6 +208,7 @@ void traverse_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs,
 		struct object_array_entry *pending = revs->pending.objects + i;
 		struct object *obj = pending->item;
 		const char *name = pending->name;
+		const char *path = pending->path;
 		if (obj->flags & (UNINTERESTING | SEEN))
 			continue;
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
@@ -195,24 +216,21 @@ void traverse_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs,
 			show_object(obj, NULL, name, data);
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (!path)
+			path = "";
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
 			process_tree(revs, (struct tree *)obj, show_object,
-				     NULL, &base, name, data);
+				     NULL, &base, path, data);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 			process_blob(revs, (struct blob *)obj, show_object,
-				     NULL, name, data);
+				     NULL, path, data);
 			continue;
 		}
 		die("unknown pending object %s (%s)",
 		    sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1), name);
 	}
-	if (revs->pending.nr) {
-		free(revs->pending.objects);
-		revs->pending.nr = 0;
-		revs->pending.alloc = 0;
-		revs->pending.objects = NULL;
-	}
+	object_array_clear(&revs->pending);
 	strbuf_release(&base);
 }
diff --git a/list-objects.h b/list-objects.h
index 3db7bb6fa3..136a1da5a6 100644
--- a/list-objects.h
+++ b/list-objects.h
@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ typedef void (*show_object_fn)(struct object *, const struct name_path *, const
 void traverse_commit_list(struct rev_info *, show_commit_fn, show_object_fn, void *);
 
 typedef void (*show_edge_fn)(struct commit *);
-void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct commit_list *, struct rev_info *, show_edge_fn);
+void mark_edges_uninteresting(struct rev_info *, show_edge_fn);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/ll-merge.c b/ll-merge.c
index da59738c9b..8ea03e536a 100644
--- a/ll-merge.c
+++ b/ll-merge.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ struct ll_merge_driver {
  */
 static int ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 			   mmbuffer_t *result,
-			   const char *path_unused,
+			   const char *path,
 			   mmfile_t *orig, const char *orig_name,
 			   mmfile_t *src1, const char *name1,
 			   mmfile_t *src2, const char *name2,
@@ -46,16 +46,34 @@ static int ll_binary_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 	assert(opts);
 
 	/*
-	 * The tentative merge result is "ours" for the final round,
-	 * or common ancestor for an internal merge.  Still return
-	 * "conflicted merge" status.
+	 * The tentative merge result is the or common ancestor for an internal merge.
 	 */
-	stolen = opts->virtual_ancestor ? orig : src1;
+	if (opts->virtual_ancestor) {
+		stolen = orig;
+	} else {
+		switch (opts->variant) {
+		default:
+			warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)",
+				path, name1, name2);
+			/* fallthru */
+		case XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_OURS:
+			stolen = src1;
+			break;
+		case XDL_MERGE_FAVOR_THEIRS:
+			stolen = src2;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
 
 	result->ptr = stolen->ptr;
 	result->size = stolen->size;
 	stolen->ptr = NULL;
-	return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * With -Xtheirs or -Xours, we have cleanly merged;
+	 * otherwise we got a conflict.
+	 */
+	return (opts->variant ? 0 : 1);
 }
 
 static int ll_xdl_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
@@ -73,8 +91,6 @@ static int ll_xdl_merge(const struct ll_merge_driver *drv_unused,
 	if (buffer_is_binary(orig->ptr, orig->size) ||
 	    buffer_is_binary(src1->ptr, src1->size) ||
 	    buffer_is_binary(src2->ptr, src2->size)) {
-		warning("Cannot merge binary files: %s (%s vs. %s)\n",
-			path, name1, name2);
 		return ll_binary_merge(drv_unused, result,
 				       path,
 				       orig, orig_name,
@@ -206,29 +222,24 @@ static const char *default_ll_merge;
 static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
 	struct ll_merge_driver *fn;
-	const char *ep, *name;
+	const char *key, *name;
 	int namelen;
 
-	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.default")) {
-		if (value)
-			default_ll_merge = xstrdup(value);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.default"))
+		return git_config_string(&default_ll_merge, var, value);
 
 	/*
 	 * We are not interested in anything but "merge.<name>.variable";
 	 * especially, we do not want to look at variables such as
 	 * "merge.summary", "merge.tool", and "merge.verbosity".
 	 */
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "merge.") || (ep = strrchr(var, '.')) == var + 5)
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "merge", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * Find existing one as we might be processing merge.<name>.var2
 	 * after seeing merge.<name>.var1.
 	 */
-	name = var + 6;
-	namelen = ep - name;
 	for (fn = ll_user_merge; fn; fn = fn->next)
 		if (!strncmp(fn->name, name, namelen) && !fn->name[namelen])
 			break;
@@ -240,16 +251,10 @@ static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		ll_user_merge_tail = &(fn->next);
 	}
 
-	ep++;
+	if (!strcmp("name", key))
+		return git_config_string(&fn->description, var, value);
 
-	if (!strcmp("name", ep)) {
-		if (!value)
-			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
-		fn->description = xstrdup(value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	if (!strcmp("driver", ep)) {
+	if (!strcmp("driver", key)) {
 		if (!value)
 			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
 		/*
@@ -273,12 +278,8 @@ static int read_merge_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!strcmp("recursive", ep)) {
-		if (!value)
-			return error("%s: lacks value", var);
-		fn->recursive = xstrdup(value);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	if (!strcmp("recursive", key))
+		return git_config_string(&fn->recursive, var, value);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/lockfile.c b/lockfile.c
index c6fb77b26f..9889277751 100644
--- a/lockfile.c
+++ b/lockfile.c
@@ -2,60 +2,61 @@
  * Copyright (c) 2005, Junio C Hamano
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
 
-static struct lock_file *lock_file_list;
-static const char *alternate_index_output;
+static struct lock_file *volatile lock_file_list;
 
-static void remove_lock_file(void)
+static void remove_lock_files(int skip_fclose)
 {
 	pid_t me = getpid();
 
 	while (lock_file_list) {
-		if (lock_file_list->owner == me &&
-		    lock_file_list->filename[0]) {
-			if (lock_file_list->fd >= 0)
-				close(lock_file_list->fd);
-			unlink_or_warn(lock_file_list->filename);
+		if (lock_file_list->owner == me) {
+			/* fclose() is not safe to call in a signal handler */
+			if (skip_fclose)
+				lock_file_list->fp = NULL;
+			rollback_lock_file(lock_file_list);
 		}
 		lock_file_list = lock_file_list->next;
 	}
 }
 
-static void remove_lock_file_on_signal(int signo)
+static void remove_lock_files_on_exit(void)
 {
-	remove_lock_file();
+	remove_lock_files(0);
+}
+
+static void remove_lock_files_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_lock_files(1);
 	sigchain_pop(signo);
 	raise(signo);
 }
 
 /*
- * p = absolute or relative path name
+ * path = absolute or relative path name
  *
- * Return a pointer into p showing the beginning of the last path name
- * element.  If p is empty or the root directory ("/"), just return p.
+ * Remove the last path name element from path (leaving the preceding
+ * "/", if any).  If path is empty or the root directory ("/"), set
+ * path to the empty string.
  */
-static char *last_path_elm(char *p)
+static void trim_last_path_component(struct strbuf *path)
 {
-	/* r starts pointing to null at the end of the string */
-	char *r = strchr(p, '\0');
-
-	if (r == p)
-		return p; /* just return empty string */
-
-	r--; /* back up to last non-null character */
+	int i = path->len;
 
 	/* back up past trailing slashes, if any */
-	while (r > p && *r == '/')
-		r--;
+	while (i && path->buf[i - 1] == '/')
+		i--;
 
 	/*
-	 * then go backwards until I hit a slash, or the beginning of
-	 * the string
+	 * then go backwards until a slash, or the beginning of the
+	 * string
 	 */
-	while (r > p && *(r-1) != '/')
-		r--;
-	return r;
+	while (i && path->buf[i - 1] != '/')
+		i--;
+
+	strbuf_setlen(path, i);
 }
 
 
@@ -63,132 +64,126 @@ static char *last_path_elm(char *p)
 #define MAXDEPTH 5
 
 /*
- * p = path that may be a symlink
- * s = full size of p
- *
- * If p is a symlink, attempt to overwrite p with a path to the real
- * file or directory (which may or may not exist), following a chain of
- * symlinks if necessary.  Otherwise, leave p unmodified.
+ * path contains a path that might be a symlink.
  *
- * This is a best-effort routine.  If an error occurs, p will either be
- * left unmodified or will name a different symlink in a symlink chain
- * that started with p's initial contents.
+ * If path is a symlink, attempt to overwrite it with a path to the
+ * real file or directory (which may or may not exist), following a
+ * chain of symlinks if necessary.  Otherwise, leave path unmodified.
  *
- * Always returns p.
+ * This is a best-effort routine.  If an error occurs, path will
+ * either be left unmodified or will name a different symlink in a
+ * symlink chain that started with the original path.
  */
-
-static char *resolve_symlink(char *p, size_t s)
+static void resolve_symlink(struct strbuf *path)
 {
 	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
+	static struct strbuf link = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	while (depth--) {
-		char link[PATH_MAX];
-		int link_len = readlink(p, link, sizeof(link));
-		if (link_len < 0) {
-			/* not a symlink anymore */
-			return p;
-		}
-		else if (link_len < sizeof(link))
-			/* readlink() never null-terminates */
-			link[link_len] = '\0';
-		else {
-			warning("%s: symlink too long", p);
-			return p;
-		}
+		if (strbuf_readlink(&link, path->buf, path->len) < 0)
+			break;
 
-		if (is_absolute_path(link)) {
+		if (is_absolute_path(link.buf))
 			/* absolute path simply replaces p */
-			if (link_len < s)
-				strcpy(p, link);
-			else {
-				warning("%s: symlink too long", p);
-				return p;
-			}
-		} else {
+			strbuf_reset(path);
+		else
 			/*
-			 * link is a relative path, so I must replace the
+			 * link is a relative path, so replace the
 			 * last element of p with it.
 			 */
-			char *r = (char *)last_path_elm(p);
-			if (r - p + link_len < s)
-				strcpy(r, link);
-			else {
-				warning("%s: symlink too long", p);
-				return p;
-			}
-		}
+			trim_last_path_component(path);
+
+		strbuf_addbuf(path, &link);
 	}
-	return p;
+	strbuf_reset(&link);
 }
 
-
+/* Make sure errno contains a meaningful value on error */
 static int lock_file(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
 {
-	if (strlen(path) >= sizeof(lk->filename))
+	size_t pathlen = strlen(path);
+
+	if (!lock_file_list) {
+		/* One-time initialization */
+		sigchain_push_common(remove_lock_files_on_signal);
+		atexit(remove_lock_files_on_exit);
+	}
+
+	if (lk->active)
+		die("BUG: cannot lock_file(\"%s\") using active struct lock_file",
+		    path);
+	if (!lk->on_list) {
+		/* Initialize *lk and add it to lock_file_list: */
+		lk->fd = -1;
+		lk->fp = NULL;
+		lk->active = 0;
+		lk->owner = 0;
+		strbuf_init(&lk->filename, pathlen + LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN);
+		lk->next = lock_file_list;
+		lock_file_list = lk;
+		lk->on_list = 1;
+	} else if (lk->filename.len) {
+		/* This shouldn't happen, but better safe than sorry. */
+		die("BUG: lock_file(\"%s\") called with improperly-reset lock_file object",
+		    path);
+	}
+
+	if (flags & LOCK_NO_DEREF) {
+		strbuf_add_absolute_path(&lk->filename, path);
+	} else {
+		struct strbuf resolved_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_add(&resolved_path, path, pathlen);
+		resolve_symlink(&resolved_path);
+		strbuf_add_absolute_path(&lk->filename, resolved_path.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&resolved_path);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&lk->filename, LOCK_SUFFIX);
+	lk->fd = open(lk->filename.buf, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
+	if (lk->fd < 0) {
+		strbuf_reset(&lk->filename);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	lk->owner = getpid();
+	lk->active = 1;
+	if (adjust_shared_perm(lk->filename.buf)) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		error("cannot fix permission bits on %s", lk->filename.buf);
+		rollback_lock_file(lk);
+		errno = save_errno;
 		return -1;
-	strcpy(lk->filename, path);
-	/*
-	 * subtract 5 from size to make sure there's room for adding
-	 * ".lock" for the lock file name
-	 */
-	if (!(flags & LOCK_NODEREF))
-		resolve_symlink(lk->filename, sizeof(lk->filename)-5);
-	strcat(lk->filename, ".lock");
-	lk->fd = open(lk->filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0666);
-	if (0 <= lk->fd) {
-		if (!lock_file_list) {
-			sigchain_push_common(remove_lock_file_on_signal);
-			atexit(remove_lock_file);
-		}
-		lk->owner = getpid();
-		if (!lk->on_list) {
-			lk->next = lock_file_list;
-			lock_file_list = lk;
-			lk->on_list = 1;
-		}
-		if (adjust_shared_perm(lk->filename))
-			return error("cannot fix permission bits on %s",
-				     lk->filename);
 	}
-	else
-		lk->filename[0] = 0;
 	return lk->fd;
 }
 
-static char *unable_to_lock_message(const char *path, int err)
+void unable_to_lock_message(const char *path, int err, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-
 	if (err == EEXIST) {
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n\n"
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s.\n\n"
 		    "If no other git process is currently running, this probably means a\n"
 		    "git process crashed in this repository earlier. Make sure no other git\n"
 		    "process is running and remove the file manually to continue.",
 			    absolute_path(path), strerror(err));
 	} else
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s",
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "Unable to create '%s.lock': %s",
 			    absolute_path(path), strerror(err));
-	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
-int unable_to_lock_error(const char *path, int err)
+NORETURN void unable_to_lock_die(const char *path, int err)
 {
-	char *msg = unable_to_lock_message(path, err);
-	error("%s", msg);
-	free(msg);
-	return -1;
-}
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-NORETURN void unable_to_lock_index_die(const char *path, int err)
-{
-	die("%s", unable_to_lock_message(path, err));
+	unable_to_lock_message(path, err, &buf);
+	die("%s", buf.buf);
 }
 
+/* This should return a meaningful errno on failure */
 int hold_lock_file_for_update(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
 {
 	int fd = lock_file(lk, path, flags);
 	if (fd < 0 && (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR))
-		unable_to_lock_index_die(path, errno);
+		unable_to_lock_die(path, errno);
 	return fd;
 }
 
@@ -199,82 +194,147 @@ int hold_lock_file_for_append(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path, int flags)
 	fd = lock_file(lk, path, flags);
 	if (fd < 0) {
 		if (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR)
-			unable_to_lock_index_die(path, errno);
+			unable_to_lock_die(path, errno);
 		return fd;
 	}
 
 	orig_fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 	if (orig_fd < 0) {
 		if (errno != ENOENT) {
+			int save_errno = errno;
+
 			if (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR)
 				die("cannot open '%s' for copying", path);
-			close(fd);
-			return error("cannot open '%s' for copying", path);
+			rollback_lock_file(lk);
+			error("cannot open '%s' for copying", path);
+			errno = save_errno;
+			return -1;
 		}
 	} else if (copy_fd(orig_fd, fd)) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+
 		if (flags & LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR)
 			exit(128);
-		close(fd);
+		close(orig_fd);
+		rollback_lock_file(lk);
+		errno = save_errno;
 		return -1;
+	} else {
+		close(orig_fd);
 	}
 	return fd;
 }
 
+FILE *fdopen_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk, const char *mode)
+{
+	if (!lk->active)
+		die("BUG: fdopen_lock_file() called for unlocked object");
+	if (lk->fp)
+		die("BUG: fdopen_lock_file() called twice for file '%s'", lk->filename.buf);
+
+	lk->fp = fdopen(lk->fd, mode);
+	return lk->fp;
+}
+
+char *get_locked_file_path(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	if (!lk->active)
+		die("BUG: get_locked_file_path() called for unlocked object");
+	if (lk->filename.len <= LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN)
+		die("BUG: get_locked_file_path() called for malformed lock object");
+	return xmemdupz(lk->filename.buf, lk->filename.len - LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN);
+}
+
 int close_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
 {
 	int fd = lk->fd;
+	FILE *fp = lk->fp;
+	int err;
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return 0;
+
 	lk->fd = -1;
-	return close(fd);
-}
+	if (fp) {
+		lk->fp = NULL;
 
-int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
-{
-	char result_file[PATH_MAX];
-	size_t i;
-	if (lk->fd >= 0 && close_lock_file(lk))
-		return -1;
-	strcpy(result_file, lk->filename);
-	i = strlen(result_file) - 5; /* .lock */
-	result_file[i] = 0;
-	if (rename(lk->filename, result_file))
+		/*
+		 * Note: no short-circuiting here; we want to fclose()
+		 * in any case!
+		 */
+		err = ferror(fp) | fclose(fp);
+	} else {
+		err = close(fd);
+	}
+
+	if (err) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		rollback_lock_file(lk);
+		errno = save_errno;
 		return -1;
-	lk->filename[0] = 0;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int hold_locked_index(struct lock_file *lk, int die_on_error)
+int reopen_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
 {
-	return hold_lock_file_for_update(lk, get_index_file(),
-					 die_on_error
-					 ? LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR
-					 : 0);
+	if (0 <= lk->fd)
+		die(_("BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"));
+	if (!lk->active)
+		die(_("BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"));
+	lk->fd = open(lk->filename.buf, O_WRONLY);
+	return lk->fd;
 }
 
-void set_alternate_index_output(const char *name)
+int commit_lock_file_to(struct lock_file *lk, const char *path)
 {
-	alternate_index_output = name;
+	if (!lk->active)
+		die("BUG: attempt to commit unlocked object to \"%s\"", path);
+
+	if (close_lock_file(lk))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (rename(lk->filename.buf, path)) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		rollback_lock_file(lk);
+		errno = save_errno;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	lk->active = 0;
+	strbuf_reset(&lk->filename);
+	return 0;
 }
 
-int commit_locked_index(struct lock_file *lk)
+int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
 {
-	if (alternate_index_output) {
-		if (lk->fd >= 0 && close_lock_file(lk))
-			return -1;
-		if (rename(lk->filename, alternate_index_output))
-			return -1;
-		lk->filename[0] = 0;
-		return 0;
-	}
-	else
-		return commit_lock_file(lk);
+	static struct strbuf result_file = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!lk->active)
+		die("BUG: attempt to commit unlocked object");
+
+	if (lk->filename.len <= LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN ||
+	    strcmp(lk->filename.buf + lk->filename.len - LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN, LOCK_SUFFIX))
+		die("BUG: lockfile filename corrupt");
+
+	/* remove ".lock": */
+	strbuf_add(&result_file, lk->filename.buf,
+		   lk->filename.len - LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN);
+	err = commit_lock_file_to(lk, result_file.buf);
+	strbuf_reset(&result_file);
+	return err;
 }
 
 void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *lk)
 {
-	if (lk->filename[0]) {
-		if (lk->fd >= 0)
-			close(lk->fd);
-		unlink_or_warn(lk->filename);
+	if (!lk->active)
+		return;
+
+	if (!close_lock_file(lk)) {
+		unlink_or_warn(lk->filename.buf);
+		lk->active = 0;
+		strbuf_reset(&lk->filename);
 	}
-	lk->filename[0] = 0;
 }
diff --git a/lockfile.h b/lockfile.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd2ec95d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lockfile.h
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#ifndef LOCKFILE_H
+#define LOCKFILE_H
+
+/*
+ * File write-locks as used by Git.
+ *
+ * For an overview of how to use the lockfile API, please see
+ *
+ *     Documentation/technical/api-lockfile.txt
+ *
+ * This module keeps track of all locked files in lock_file_list for
+ * use at cleanup. This list and the lock_file objects that comprise
+ * it must be kept in self-consistent states at all time, because the
+ * program can be interrupted any time by a signal, in which case the
+ * signal handler will walk through the list attempting to clean up
+ * any open lock files.
+ *
+ * A lockfile is owned by the process that created it. The lock_file
+ * object has an "owner" field that records its owner. This field is
+ * used to prevent a forked process from closing a lockfile created by
+ * its parent.
+ *
+ * The possible states of a lock_file object are as follows:
+ *
+ * - Uninitialized.  In this state the object's on_list field must be
+ *   zero but the rest of its contents need not be initialized.  As
+ *   soon as the object is used in any way, it is irrevocably
+ *   registered in the lock_file_list, and on_list is set.
+ *
+ * - Locked, lockfile open (after hold_lock_file_for_update(),
+ *   hold_lock_file_for_append(), or reopen_lock_file()). In this
+ *   state:
+ *   - the lockfile exists
+ *   - active is set
+ *   - filename holds the filename of the lockfile
+ *   - fd holds a file descriptor open for writing to the lockfile
+ *   - fp holds a pointer to an open FILE object if and only if
+ *     fdopen_lock_file() has been called on the object
+ *   - owner holds the PID of the process that locked the file
+ *
+ * - Locked, lockfile closed (after successful close_lock_file()).
+ *   Same as the previous state, except that the lockfile is closed
+ *   and fd is -1.
+ *
+ * - Unlocked (after commit_lock_file(), commit_lock_file_to(),
+ *   rollback_lock_file(), a failed attempt to lock, or a failed
+ *   close_lock_file()).  In this state:
+ *   - active is unset
+ *   - filename is empty (usually, though there are transitory
+ *     states in which this condition doesn't hold). Client code should
+ *     *not* rely on the filename being empty in this state.
+ *   - fd is -1
+ *   - the object is left registered in the lock_file_list, and
+ *     on_list is set.
+ */
+
+struct lock_file {
+	struct lock_file *volatile next;
+	volatile sig_atomic_t active;
+	volatile int fd;
+	FILE *volatile fp;
+	volatile pid_t owner;
+	char on_list;
+	struct strbuf filename;
+};
+
+/* String appended to a filename to derive the lockfile name: */
+#define LOCK_SUFFIX ".lock"
+#define LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN 5
+
+#define LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR 1
+#define LOCK_NO_DEREF 2
+
+extern void unable_to_lock_message(const char *path, int err,
+				   struct strbuf *buf);
+extern NORETURN void unable_to_lock_die(const char *path, int err);
+extern int hold_lock_file_for_update(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int);
+extern int hold_lock_file_for_append(struct lock_file *, const char *path, int);
+extern FILE *fdopen_lock_file(struct lock_file *, const char *mode);
+extern char *get_locked_file_path(struct lock_file *);
+extern int commit_lock_file_to(struct lock_file *, const char *path);
+extern int commit_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
+extern int reopen_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
+extern int close_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
+extern void rollback_lock_file(struct lock_file *);
+
+#endif /* LOCKFILE_H */
diff --git a/log-tree.c b/log-tree.c
index cea8756866..2c1ed0fa90 100644
--- a/log-tree.c
+++ b/log-tree.c
@@ -9,18 +9,10 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "color.h"
 #include "gpg-interface.h"
+#include "sequencer.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
 
-struct decoration name_decoration = { "object names" };
-
-enum decoration_type {
-	DECORATION_NONE = 0,
-	DECORATION_REF_LOCAL,
-	DECORATION_REF_REMOTE,
-	DECORATION_REF_TAG,
-	DECORATION_REF_STASH,
-	DECORATION_REF_HEAD,
-	DECORATION_GRAFTED,
-};
+static struct decoration name_decoration = { "object names" };
 
 static char decoration_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_RESET,
@@ -64,15 +56,14 @@ static int parse_decorate_color_slot(const char *slot)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-int parse_decorate_color_config(const char *var, const int ofs, const char *value)
+int parse_decorate_color_config(const char *var, const char *slot_name, const char *value)
 {
-	int slot = parse_decorate_color_slot(var + ofs);
+	int slot = parse_decorate_color_slot(slot_name);
 	if (slot < 0)
 		return 0;
 	if (!value)
 		return config_error_nonbool(var);
-	color_parse(value, var, decoration_colors[slot]);
-	return 0;
+	return color_parse(value, decoration_colors[slot]);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -82,23 +73,28 @@ int parse_decorate_color_config(const char *var, const int ofs, const char *valu
 #define decorate_get_color_opt(o, ix) \
 	decorate_get_color((o)->use_color, ix)
 
-static void add_name_decoration(enum decoration_type type, const char *name, struct object *obj)
+void add_name_decoration(enum decoration_type type, const char *name, struct object *obj)
 {
 	int nlen = strlen(name);
-	struct name_decoration *res = xmalloc(sizeof(struct name_decoration) + nlen);
+	struct name_decoration *res = xmalloc(sizeof(*res) + nlen + 1);
 	memcpy(res->name, name, nlen + 1);
 	res->type = type;
 	res->next = add_decoration(&name_decoration, obj, res);
 }
 
+const struct name_decoration *get_name_decoration(const struct object *obj)
+{
+	return lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, obj);
+}
+
 static int add_ref_decoration(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct object *obj;
 	enum decoration_type type = DECORATION_NONE;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/replace/")) {
+	if (starts_with(refname, "refs/replace/")) {
 		unsigned char original_sha1[20];
-		if (!read_replace_refs)
+		if (!check_replace_refs)
 			return 0;
 		if (get_sha1_hex(refname + 13, original_sha1)) {
 			warning("invalid replace ref %s", refname);
@@ -114,11 +110,11 @@ static int add_ref_decoration(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, in
 	if (!obj)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/"))
 		type = DECORATION_REF_LOCAL;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
+	else if (starts_with(refname, "refs/remotes/"))
 		type = DECORATION_REF_REMOTE;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/tags/"))
+	else if (starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/"))
 		type = DECORATION_REF_TAG;
 	else if (!strcmp(refname, "refs/stash"))
 		type = DECORATION_REF_STASH;
@@ -132,6 +128,8 @@ static int add_ref_decoration(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, in
 		obj = ((struct tag *)obj)->tagged;
 		if (!obj)
 			break;
+		if (!obj->parsed)
+			parse_object(obj->sha1);
 		add_name_decoration(DECORATION_REF_TAG, refname, obj);
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -174,119 +172,113 @@ static void show_children(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, int abbre
 	}
 }
 
-void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
-{
-	const char *prefix;
-	struct name_decoration *decoration;
-	const char *color_commit =
-		diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT);
-	const char *color_reset =
-		decorate_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DECORATION_NONE);
-
-	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
-		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
-	if (!opt->show_decorations)
-		return;
-	decoration = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
-	if (!decoration)
-		return;
-	prefix = " (";
-	while (decoration) {
-		printf("%s", prefix);
-		fputs(decorate_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, decoration->type),
-		      stdout);
-		if (decoration->type == DECORATION_REF_TAG)
-			fputs("tag: ", stdout);
-		printf("%s", decoration->name);
-		fputs(color_reset, stdout);
-		fputs(color_commit, stdout);
-		prefix = ", ";
-		decoration = decoration->next;
-	}
-	putchar(')');
-}
-
 /*
- * Search for "^[-A-Za-z]+: [^@]+@" pattern. It usually matches
- * Signed-off-by: and Acked-by: lines.
+ * Do we have HEAD in the output, and also the branch it points at?
+ * If so, find that decoration entry for that current branch.
  */
-static int detect_any_signoff(char *letter, int size)
+static const struct name_decoration *current_pointed_by_HEAD(const struct name_decoration *decoration)
 {
-	char *cp;
-	int seen_colon = 0;
-	int seen_at = 0;
-	int seen_name = 0;
-	int seen_head = 0;
-
-	cp = letter + size;
-	while (letter <= --cp && *cp == '\n')
-		continue;
-
-	while (letter <= cp) {
-		char ch = *cp--;
-		if (ch == '\n')
+	const struct name_decoration *list, *head = NULL;
+	const char *branch_name = NULL;
+	unsigned char unused[20];
+	int rru_flags;
+
+	/* First find HEAD */
+	for (list = decoration; list; list = list->next)
+		if (list->type == DECORATION_REF_HEAD) {
+			head = list;
 			break;
-
-		if (!seen_at) {
-			if (ch == '@')
-				seen_at = 1;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!seen_colon) {
-			if (ch == '@')
-				return 0;
-			else if (ch == ':')
-				seen_colon = 1;
-			else
-				seen_name = 1;
-			continue;
 		}
-		if (('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
-		    ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') ||
-		    ch == '-') {
-			seen_head = 1;
-			continue;
+	if (!head)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Now resolve and find the matching current branch */
+	branch_name = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, unused, &rru_flags);
+	if (!(rru_flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
+		return NULL;
+	if (!skip_prefix(branch_name, "refs/heads/", &branch_name))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* OK, do we have that ref in the list? */
+	for (list = decoration; list; list = list->next)
+		if ((list->type == DECORATION_REF_LOCAL) &&
+		    !strcmp(branch_name, list->name)) {
+			return list;
 		}
-		/* no empty last line doesn't match */
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return seen_head && seen_name;
+
+	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void append_signoff(struct strbuf *sb, const char *signoff)
+/*
+ * The caller makes sure there is no funny color before calling.
+ * format_decorations_extended makes sure the same after return.
+ */
+void format_decorations_extended(struct strbuf *sb,
+			const struct commit *commit,
+			int use_color,
+			const char *prefix,
+			const char *separator,
+			const char *suffix)
 {
-	static const char signed_off_by[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
-	size_t signoff_len = strlen(signoff);
-	int has_signoff = 0;
-	char *cp;
-
-	cp = sb->buf;
+	const struct name_decoration *decoration;
+	const struct name_decoration *current_and_HEAD;
+	const char *color_commit =
+		diff_get_color(use_color, DIFF_COMMIT);
+	const char *color_reset =
+		decorate_get_color(use_color, DECORATION_NONE);
 
-	/* First see if we already have the sign-off by the signer */
-	while ((cp = strstr(cp, signed_off_by))) {
+	decoration = get_name_decoration(&commit->object);
+	if (!decoration)
+		return;
 
-		has_signoff = 1;
+	current_and_HEAD = current_pointed_by_HEAD(decoration);
+	while (decoration) {
+		/*
+		 * When both current and HEAD are there, only
+		 * show HEAD->current where HEAD would have
+		 * appeared, skipping the entry for current.
+		 */
+		if (decoration != current_and_HEAD) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, decorate_get_color(use_color, decoration->type));
+			if (decoration->type == DECORATION_REF_TAG)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, "tag: ");
+
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, decoration->name);
+
+			if (current_and_HEAD &&
+			    decoration->type == DECORATION_REF_HEAD) {
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, " -> ");
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, decorate_get_color(use_color, current_and_HEAD->type));
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, current_and_HEAD->name);
+			}
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
 
-		cp += strlen(signed_off_by);
-		if (cp + signoff_len >= sb->buf + sb->len)
-			break;
-		if (strncmp(cp, signoff, signoff_len))
-			continue;
-		if (!isspace(cp[signoff_len]))
-			continue;
-		/* we already have him */
-		return;
+			prefix = separator;
+		}
+		decoration = decoration->next;
 	}
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, color_commit);
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, suffix);
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, color_reset);
+}
 
-	if (!has_signoff)
-		has_signoff = detect_any_signoff(sb->buf, sb->len);
-
-	if (!has_signoff)
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	strbuf_addstr(sb, signed_off_by);
-	strbuf_add(sb, signoff, signoff_len);
-	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	if (opt->show_source && commit->util)
+		printf("\t%s", (char *) commit->util);
+	if (!opt->show_decorations)
+		return;
+	format_decorations(&sb, commit, opt->diffopt.use_color);
+	fputs(sb.buf, stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
 static unsigned int digits_in_number(unsigned int number)
@@ -299,23 +291,34 @@ static unsigned int digits_in_number(unsigned int number)
 	return result;
 }
 
-void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, int nr, const char *suffix,
-			struct strbuf *buf)
+void fmt_output_subject(struct strbuf *filename,
+			const char *subject,
+			struct rev_info *info)
 {
-	int suffix_len = strlen(suffix) + 1;
-	int start_len = buf->len;
-
-	strbuf_addf(buf, commit ? "%04d-" : "%d", nr);
-	if (commit) {
-		int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - suffix_len;
-		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
-		ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
-
-		format_commit_message(commit, "%f", buf, &ctx);
-		if (max_len < buf->len)
-			strbuf_setlen(buf, max_len);
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, suffix);
-	}
+	const char *suffix = info->patch_suffix;
+	int nr = info->nr;
+	int start_len = filename->len;
+	int max_len = start_len + FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX - (strlen(suffix) + 1);
+
+	if (0 < info->reroll_count)
+		strbuf_addf(filename, "v%d-", info->reroll_count);
+	strbuf_addf(filename, "%04d-%s", nr, subject);
+
+	if (max_len < filename->len)
+		strbuf_setlen(filename, max_len);
+	strbuf_addstr(filename, suffix);
+}
+
+void fmt_output_commit(struct strbuf *filename,
+		       struct commit *commit,
+		       struct rev_info *info)
+{
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	struct strbuf subject = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	format_commit_message(commit, "%f", &subject, &ctx);
+	fmt_output_subject(filename, subject.buf, info);
+	strbuf_release(&subject);
 }
 
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
@@ -384,8 +387,10 @@ void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 			 mime_boundary_leader, opt->mime_boundary);
 		extra_headers = subject_buffer;
 
-		get_patch_filename(opt->numbered_files ? NULL : commit, opt->nr,
-				    opt->patch_suffix, &filename);
+		if (opt->numbered_files)
+			strbuf_addf(&filename, "%d", opt->nr);
+		else
+			fmt_output_commit(&filename, commit, opt);
 		snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
 			 "\n--%s%s\n"
 			 "Content-Type: text/x-patch;"
@@ -415,6 +420,7 @@ static void show_sig_lines(struct rev_info *opt, int status, const char *bol)
 		eol = strchrnul(bol, '\n');
 		printf("%s%.*s%s%s", color, (int)(eol - bol), bol, reset,
 		       *eol ? "\n" : "");
+		graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
 		bol = (*eol) ? (eol + 1) : eol;
 	}
 }
@@ -426,12 +432,12 @@ static void show_signature(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int status;
 
-	if (parse_signed_commit(commit->object.sha1, &payload, &signature) <= 0)
+	if (parse_signed_commit(commit, &payload, &signature) <= 0)
 		goto out;
 
 	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
 				      signature.buf, signature.len,
-				      &gpg_output);
+				      &gpg_output, NULL);
 	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
 		strbuf_addstr(&gpg_output, "No signature\n");
 
@@ -463,10 +469,11 @@ static int is_common_merge(const struct commit *commit)
 		&& !commit->parents->next->next);
 }
 
-static void show_one_mergetag(struct rev_info *opt,
+static void show_one_mergetag(struct commit *commit,
 			      struct commit_extra_header *extra,
-			      struct commit *commit)
+			      void *data)
 {
+	struct rev_info *opt = (struct rev_info *)data;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	struct tag *tag;
 	struct strbuf verify_message;
@@ -495,20 +502,18 @@ static void show_one_mergetag(struct rev_info *opt,
 	gpg_message_offset = verify_message.len;
 
 	payload_size = parse_signature(extra->value, extra->len);
-	if ((extra->len <= payload_size) ||
-	    (verify_signed_buffer(extra->value, payload_size,
-				  extra->value + payload_size,
-				  extra->len - payload_size,
-				  &verify_message) &&
-	     verify_message.len <= gpg_message_offset)) {
-		strbuf_addstr(&verify_message, "No signature\n");
-		status = -1;
+	status = -1;
+	if (extra->len > payload_size) {
+		/* could have a good signature */
+		if (!verify_signed_buffer(extra->value, payload_size,
+					  extra->value + payload_size,
+					  extra->len - payload_size,
+					  &verify_message, NULL))
+			status = 0; /* good */
+		else if (verify_message.len <= gpg_message_offset)
+			strbuf_addstr(&verify_message, "No signature\n");
+		/* otherwise we couldn't verify, which is shown as bad */
 	}
-	else if (strstr(verify_message.buf + gpg_message_offset,
-			": Good signature from "))
-		status = 0;
-	else
-		status = -1;
 
 	show_sig_lines(opt, status, verify_message.buf);
 	strbuf_release(&verify_message);
@@ -516,15 +521,7 @@ static void show_one_mergetag(struct rev_info *opt,
 
 static void show_mergetag(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 {
-	struct commit_extra_header *extra, *to_free;
-
-	to_free = read_commit_extra_headers(commit, NULL);
-	for (extra = to_free; extra; extra = extra->next) {
-		if (strcmp(extra->key, "mergetag"))
-			continue; /* not a merge tag */
-		show_one_mergetag(opt, extra, commit);
-	}
-	free_commit_extra_headers(to_free);
+	for_each_mergetag(show_one_mergetag, commit, opt);
 }
 
 void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
@@ -537,7 +534,6 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 
 	opt->loginfo = NULL;
-	ctx.show_notes = opt->show_notes;
 	if (!opt->verbose_header) {
 		graph_show_commit(opt->graph);
 
@@ -613,8 +609,8 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 			printf(" (from %s)",
 			       find_unique_abbrev(parent->object.sha1,
 						  abbrev_commit));
+		fputs(diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET), stdout);
 		show_decorations(opt, commit);
-		printf("%s", diff_get_color_opt(&opt->diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
 		if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
 			putchar(' ');
 		} else {
@@ -629,10 +625,9 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 			 * graph info here.
 			 */
 			show_reflog_message(opt->reflog_info,
-				    opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE,
-				    opt->date_mode_explicit ?
-					opt->date_mode :
-					DATE_NORMAL);
+					    opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE,
+					    opt->date_mode,
+					    opt->date_mode_explicit);
 			if (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
 				return;
 		}
@@ -643,24 +638,54 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 		show_mergetag(opt, commit);
 	}
 
-	if (!commit->buffer)
+	if (!get_cached_commit_buffer(commit, NULL))
 		return;
 
+	if (opt->show_notes) {
+		int raw;
+		struct strbuf notebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		raw = (opt->commit_format == CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT);
+		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, &notebuf,
+				     get_log_output_encoding(), raw);
+		ctx.notes_message = notebuf.len
+			? strbuf_detach(&notebuf, NULL)
+			: xcalloc(1, 1);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * And then the pretty-printed message itself
 	 */
-	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0)
-		ctx.need_8bit_cte = has_non_ascii(opt->add_signoff);
+	if (ctx.need_8bit_cte >= 0 && opt->add_signoff)
+		ctx.need_8bit_cte =
+			has_non_ascii(fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+					       getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
 	ctx.date_mode = opt->date_mode;
+	ctx.date_mode_explicit = opt->date_mode_explicit;
 	ctx.abbrev = opt->diffopt.abbrev;
 	ctx.after_subject = extra_headers;
 	ctx.preserve_subject = opt->preserve_subject;
 	ctx.reflog_info = opt->reflog_info;
 	ctx.fmt = opt->commit_format;
+	ctx.mailmap = opt->mailmap;
+	ctx.color = opt->diffopt.use_color;
+	ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	if (opt->from_ident.mail_begin && opt->from_ident.name_begin)
+		ctx.from_ident = &opt->from_ident;
 	pretty_print_commit(&ctx, commit, &msgbuf);
 
 	if (opt->add_signoff)
-		append_signoff(&msgbuf, opt->add_signoff);
+		append_signoff(&msgbuf, 0, APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP);
+
+	if ((ctx.fmt != CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT) &&
+	    ctx.notes_message && *ctx.notes_message) {
+		if (ctx.fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "---\n");
+			opt->shown_dashes = 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ctx.notes_message);
+	}
+
 	if (opt->show_log_size) {
 		printf("log size %i\n", (int)msgbuf.len);
 		graph_show_oneline(opt->graph);
@@ -679,17 +704,19 @@ void show_log(struct rev_info *opt)
 		graph_show_commit_msg(opt->graph, &msgbuf);
 	else
 		fwrite(msgbuf.buf, sizeof(char), msgbuf.len, stdout);
-	if (opt->use_terminator) {
+	if (opt->use_terminator && !commit_format_is_empty(opt->commit_format)) {
 		if (!opt->missing_newline)
 			graph_show_padding(opt->graph);
-		putchar('\n');
+		putchar(opt->diffopt.line_termination);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&msgbuf);
+	free(ctx.notes_message);
 }
 
 int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *opt)
 {
+	opt->shown_dashes = 0;
 	diffcore_std(&opt->diffopt);
 
 	if (diff_queue_is_empty()) {
@@ -701,24 +728,38 @@ int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *opt)
 	}
 
 	if (opt->loginfo && !opt->no_commit_id) {
-		/* When showing a verbose header (i.e. log message),
-		 * and not in --pretty=oneline format, we would want
-		 * an extra newline between the end of log and the
-		 * output for readability.
-		 */
 		show_log(opt);
 		if ((opt->diffopt.output_format & ~DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT) &&
 		    opt->verbose_header &&
-		    opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE) {
+		    opt->commit_format != CMIT_FMT_ONELINE &&
+		    !commit_format_is_empty(opt->commit_format)) {
+			/*
+			 * When showing a verbose header (i.e. log message),
+			 * and not in --pretty=oneline format, we would want
+			 * an extra newline between the end of log and the
+			 * diff/diffstat output for readability.
+			 */
 			int pch = DIFF_FORMAT_DIFFSTAT | DIFF_FORMAT_PATCH;
-			if ((pch & opt->diffopt.output_format) == pch)
-				printf("---");
 			if (opt->diffopt.output_prefix) {
 				struct strbuf *msg = NULL;
 				msg = opt->diffopt.output_prefix(&opt->diffopt,
 					opt->diffopt.output_prefix_data);
 				fwrite(msg->buf, msg->len, 1, stdout);
 			}
+
+			/*
+			 * We may have shown three-dashes line early
+			 * between notes and the log message, in which
+			 * case we only want a blank line after the
+			 * notes without (an extra) three-dashes line.
+			 * Otherwise, we show the three-dashes line if
+			 * we are showing the patch with diffstat, but
+			 * in that case, there is no extra blank line
+			 * after the three-dashes line.
+			 */
+			if (!opt->shown_dashes &&
+			    (pch & opt->diffopt.output_format) == pch)
+				printf("---");
 			putchar('\n');
 		}
 	}
@@ -741,13 +782,16 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 {
 	int showed_log;
 	struct commit_list *parents;
-	unsigned const char *sha1 = commit->object.sha1;
+	unsigned const char *sha1;
 
 	if (!opt->diff && !DIFF_OPT_TST(&opt->diffopt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS))
 		return 0;
 
+	parse_commit_or_die(commit);
+	sha1 = commit->tree->object.sha1;
+
 	/* Root commit? */
-	parents = commit->parents;
+	parents = get_saved_parents(opt, commit);
 	if (!parents) {
 		if (opt->show_root_diff) {
 			diff_root_tree_sha1(sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
@@ -768,7 +812,9 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 			 * parent, showing summary diff of the others
 			 * we merged _in_.
 			 */
-			diff_tree_sha1(parents->item->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+			parse_commit_or_die(parents->item);
+			diff_tree_sha1(parents->item->tree->object.sha1,
+				       sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
 			log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 			return !opt->loginfo;
 		}
@@ -781,7 +827,9 @@ static int log_tree_diff(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit, struct log
 	for (;;) {
 		struct commit *parent = parents->item;
 
-		diff_tree_sha1(parent->object.sha1, sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
+		parse_commit_or_die(parent);
+		diff_tree_sha1(parent->tree->object.sha1,
+			       sha1, "", &opt->diffopt);
 		log_tree_diff_flush(opt);
 
 		showed_log |= !opt->loginfo;
@@ -805,12 +853,19 @@ int log_tree_commit(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit)
 	log.parent = NULL;
 	opt->loginfo = &log;
 
+	if (opt->line_level_traverse)
+		return line_log_print(opt, commit);
+
+	if (opt->track_linear && !opt->linear && !opt->reverse_output_stage)
+		printf("\n%s\n", opt->break_bar);
 	shown = log_tree_diff(opt, commit, &log);
 	if (!shown && opt->loginfo && opt->always_show_header) {
 		log.parent = NULL;
 		show_log(opt);
 		shown = 1;
 	}
+	if (opt->track_linear && !opt->linear && opt->reverse_output_stage)
+		printf("\n%s\n", opt->break_bar);
 	opt->loginfo = NULL;
 	maybe_flush_or_die(stdout, "stdout");
 	return shown;
diff --git a/log-tree.h b/log-tree.h
index 5c4cf7cac3..c8116e60cd 100644
--- a/log-tree.h
+++ b/log-tree.h
@@ -7,12 +7,19 @@ struct log_info {
 	struct commit *commit, *parent;
 };
 
-int parse_decorate_color_config(const char *var, const int ofs, const char *value);
+int parse_decorate_color_config(const char *var, const char *slot_name, const char *value);
 void init_log_tree_opt(struct rev_info *);
 int log_tree_diff_flush(struct rev_info *);
 int log_tree_commit(struct rev_info *, struct commit *);
 int log_tree_opt_parse(struct rev_info *, const char **, int);
 void show_log(struct rev_info *opt);
+void format_decorations_extended(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit,
+			     int use_color,
+			     const char *prefix,
+			     const char *separator,
+			     const char *suffix);
+#define format_decorations(strbuf, commit, color) \
+			     format_decorations_extended((strbuf), (commit), (color), " (", ", ", ")")
 void show_decorations(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit);
 void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 			     const char **subject_p,
@@ -21,7 +28,7 @@ void log_write_email_headers(struct rev_info *opt, struct commit *commit,
 void load_ref_decorations(int flags);
 
 #define FORMAT_PATCH_NAME_MAX 64
-void get_patch_filename(struct commit *commit, int nr, const char *suffix,
-			struct strbuf *buf);
+void fmt_output_commit(struct strbuf *, struct commit *, struct rev_info *);
+void fmt_output_subject(struct strbuf *, const char *subject, struct rev_info *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/mailmap.c b/mailmap.c
index 47aa419245..9e9589730f 100644
--- a/mailmap.c
+++ b/mailmap.c
@@ -5,11 +5,14 @@
 #define DEBUG_MAILMAP 0
 #if DEBUG_MAILMAP
 #define debug_mm(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define debug_str(X) ((X) ? (X) : "(none)")
 #else
 static inline void debug_mm(const char *format, ...) {}
+static inline const char *debug_str(const char *s) { return s; }
 #endif
 
 const char *git_mailmap_file;
+const char *git_mailmap_blob;
 
 struct mailmap_info {
 	char *name;
@@ -28,7 +31,8 @@ struct mailmap_entry {
 static void free_mailmap_info(void *p, const char *s)
 {
 	struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)p;
-	debug_mm("mailmap: -- complex: '%s' -> '%s' <%s>\n", s, mi->name, mi->email);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: -- complex: '%s' -> '%s' <%s>\n",
+		 s, debug_str(mi->name), debug_str(mi->email));
 	free(mi->name);
 	free(mi->email);
 }
@@ -36,8 +40,11 @@ static void free_mailmap_info(void *p, const char *s)
 static void free_mailmap_entry(void *p, const char *s)
 {
 	struct mailmap_entry *me = (struct mailmap_entry *)p;
-	debug_mm("mailmap: removing entries for <%s>, with %d sub-entries\n", s, me->namemap.nr);
-	debug_mm("mailmap: - simple: '%s' <%s>\n", me->name, me->email);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: removing entries for <%s>, with %d sub-entries\n",
+		 s, me->namemap.nr);
+	debug_mm("mailmap: - simple: '%s' <%s>\n",
+		 debug_str(me->name), debug_str(me->email));
+
 	free(me->name);
 	free(me->email);
 
@@ -45,38 +52,45 @@ static void free_mailmap_entry(void *p, const char *s)
 	string_list_clear_func(&me->namemap, free_mailmap_info);
 }
 
+/*
+ * On some systems (e.g. MinGW 4.0), string.h has _only_ inline
+ * definition of strcasecmp and no non-inline implementation is
+ * supplied anywhere, which is, eh, "unusual"; we cannot take an
+ * address of such a function to store it in namemap.cmp.  This is
+ * here as a workaround---do not assign strcasecmp directly to
+ * namemap.cmp until we know no systems that matter have such an
+ * "unusual" string.h.
+ */
+static int namemap_cmp(const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	return strcasecmp(a, b);
+}
+
 static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
-			char *new_name, char *new_email, char *old_name, char *old_email)
+			char *new_name, char *new_email,
+			char *old_name, char *old_email)
 {
 	struct mailmap_entry *me;
-	int index;
-	char *p;
-
-	if (old_email)
-		for (p = old_email; *p; p++)
-			*p = tolower(*p);
-	if (new_email)
-		for (p = new_email; *p; p++)
-			*p = tolower(*p);
+	struct string_list_item *item;
 
 	if (old_email == NULL) {
 		old_email = new_email;
 		new_email = NULL;
 	}
 
-	if ((index = string_list_find_insert_index(map, old_email, 1)) < 0) {
-		/* mailmap entry exists, invert index value */
-		index = -1 - index;
+	item = string_list_insert(map, old_email);
+	if (item->util) {
+		me = (struct mailmap_entry *)item->util;
 	} else {
-		/* create mailmap entry */
-		struct string_list_item *item = string_list_insert_at_index(map, index, old_email);
-		item->util = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_entry));
-		((struct mailmap_entry *)item->util)->namemap.strdup_strings = 1;
+		me = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_entry));
+		me->namemap.strdup_strings = 1;
+		me->namemap.cmp = namemap_cmp;
+		item->util = me;
 	}
-	me = (struct mailmap_entry *)map->items[index].util;
 
 	if (old_name == NULL) {
-		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (simple) entry for %s at index %d\n", old_email, index);
+		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (simple) entry for '%s'\n", old_email);
+
 		/* Replace current name and new email for simple entry */
 		if (new_name) {
 			free(me->name);
@@ -88,7 +102,7 @@ static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
 		}
 	} else {
 		struct mailmap_info *mi = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct mailmap_info));
-		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (complex) entry for %s at index %d\n", old_email, index);
+		debug_mm("mailmap: adding (complex) entry for '%s'\n", old_email);
 		if (new_name)
 			mi->name = xstrdup(new_name);
 		if (new_email)
@@ -97,11 +111,12 @@ static void add_mapping(struct string_list *map,
 	}
 
 	debug_mm("mailmap:  '%s' <%s> -> '%s' <%s>\n",
-		 old_name, old_email, new_name, new_email);
+		 debug_str(old_name), old_email,
+		 debug_str(new_name), debug_str(new_email));
 }
 
 static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
-		char **email, int allow_empty_email)
+				  char **email, int allow_empty_email)
 {
 	char *left, *right, *nstart, *nend;
 	*name = *email = NULL;
@@ -118,10 +133,10 @@ static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
 	while (isspace(*nstart) && nstart < left)
 		++nstart;
 	nend = left-1;
-	while (isspace(*nend) && nend > nstart)
+	while (nend > nstart && isspace(*nend))
 		--nend;
 
-	*name = (nstart < nend ? nstart : NULL);
+	*name = (nstart <= nend ? nstart : NULL);
 	*email = left+1;
 	*(nend+1) = '\0';
 	*right++ = '\0';
@@ -129,54 +144,116 @@ static char *parse_name_and_email(char *buffer, char **name,
 	return (*right == '\0' ? NULL : right);
 }
 
-static int read_single_mailmap(struct string_list *map, const char *filename, char **repo_abbrev)
+static void read_mailmap_line(struct string_list *map, char *buffer,
+			      char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
+	if (buffer[0] == '#') {
+		static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
+		int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
+		int len = strlen(buffer);
+
+		if (!repo_abbrev)
+			return;
+
+		if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
+			buffer[--len] = 0;
+		if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
+			char *cp;
+
+			free(*repo_abbrev);
+			*repo_abbrev = xmalloc(len);
+
+			for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
+				; /* nothing */
+			strcpy(*repo_abbrev, cp);
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
+		parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
+
+	if (email1)
+		add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+}
+
+static int read_mailmap_file(struct string_list *map, const char *filename,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
 {
 	char buffer[1024];
-	FILE *f = (filename == NULL ? NULL : fopen(filename, "r"));
+	FILE *f;
 
-	if (f == NULL)
-		return 1;
-	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL) {
-		char *name1 = NULL, *email1 = NULL, *name2 = NULL, *email2 = NULL;
-		if (buffer[0] == '#') {
-			static const char abbrev[] = "# repo-abbrev:";
-			int abblen = sizeof(abbrev) - 1;
-			int len = strlen(buffer);
-
-			if (!repo_abbrev)
-				continue;
-
-			if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
-				buffer[--len] = 0;
-			if (!strncmp(buffer, abbrev, abblen)) {
-				char *cp;
-
-				if (repo_abbrev)
-					free(*repo_abbrev);
-				*repo_abbrev = xmalloc(len);
-
-				for (cp = buffer + abblen; isspace(*cp); cp++)
-					; /* nothing */
-				strcpy(*repo_abbrev, cp);
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-		if ((name2 = parse_name_and_email(buffer, &name1, &email1, 0)) != NULL)
-			parse_name_and_email(name2, &name2, &email2, 1);
+	if (!filename)
+		return 0;
 
-		if (email1)
-			add_mapping(map, name1, email1, name2, email2);
+	f = fopen(filename, "r");
+	if (!f) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		return error("unable to open mailmap at %s: %s",
+			     filename, strerror(errno));
 	}
+
+	while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f) != NULL)
+		read_mailmap_line(map, buffer, repo_abbrev);
 	fclose(f);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void read_mailmap_string(struct string_list *map, char *buf,
+				char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	while (*buf) {
+		char *end = strchrnul(buf, '\n');
+
+		if (*end)
+			*end++ = '\0';
+
+		read_mailmap_line(map, buf, repo_abbrev);
+		buf = end;
+	}
+}
+
+static int read_mailmap_blob(struct string_list *map,
+			     const char *name,
+			     char **repo_abbrev)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *buf;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return 0;
+	if (get_sha1(name, sha1) < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+	if (!buf)
+		return error("unable to read mailmap object at %s", name);
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+		return error("mailmap is not a blob: %s", name);
+
+	read_mailmap_string(map, buf, repo_abbrev);
+
+	free(buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev)
 {
+	int err = 0;
+
 	map->strdup_strings = 1;
-	/* each failure returns 1, so >1 means both calls failed */
-	return read_single_mailmap(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev) +
-	       read_single_mailmap(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev) > 1;
+	map->cmp = namemap_cmp;
+
+	if (!git_mailmap_blob && is_bare_repository())
+		git_mailmap_blob = "HEAD:.mailmap";
+
+	err |= read_mailmap_file(map, ".mailmap", repo_abbrev);
+	err |= read_mailmap_blob(map, git_mailmap_blob, repo_abbrev);
+	err |= read_mailmap_file(map, git_mailmap_file, repo_abbrev);
+	return err;
 }
 
 void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map)
@@ -187,60 +264,100 @@ void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map)
 	debug_mm("mailmap: cleared\n");
 }
 
+/*
+ * Look for an entry in map that match string[0:len]; string[len]
+ * does not have to be NUL (but it could be).
+ */
+static struct string_list_item *lookup_prefix(struct string_list *map,
+					      const char *string, size_t len)
+{
+	int i = string_list_find_insert_index(map, string, 1);
+	if (i < 0) {
+		/* exact match */
+		i = -1 - i;
+		if (!string[len])
+			return &map->items[i];
+		/*
+		 * that map entry matches exactly to the string, including
+		 * the cruft at the end beyond "len".  That is not a match
+		 * with string[0:len] that we are looking for.
+		 */
+	} else if (!string[len]) {
+		/*
+		 * asked with the whole string, and got nothing.  No
+		 * matching entry can exist in the map.
+		 */
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * i is at the exact match to an overlong key, or location the
+	 * overlong key would be inserted, which must come after the
+	 * real location of the key if one exists.
+	 */
+	while (0 <= --i && i < map->nr) {
+		int cmp = strncasecmp(map->items[i].string, string, len);
+		if (cmp < 0)
+			/*
+			 * "i" points at a key definitely below the prefix;
+			 * the map does not have string[0:len] in it.
+			 */
+			break;
+		else if (!cmp && !map->items[i].string[len])
+			/* found it */
+			return &map->items[i];
+		/*
+		 * otherwise, the string at "i" may be string[0:len]
+		 * followed by a string that sorts later than string[len:];
+		 * keep trying.
+		 */
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 int map_user(struct string_list *map,
-	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name)
+	     const char **email, size_t *emaillen,
+	     const char **name, size_t *namelen)
 {
-	char *end_of_email;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct mailmap_entry *me;
-	char buf[1024], *mailbuf;
-	int i;
-
-	/* figure out space requirement for email */
-	end_of_email = strchr(email, '>');
-	if (!end_of_email) {
-		/* email passed in might not be wrapped in <>, but end with a \0 */
-		end_of_email = memchr(email, '\0', maxlen_email);
-		if (!end_of_email)
-			return 0;
-	}
-	if (end_of_email - email + 1 < sizeof(buf))
-		mailbuf = buf;
-	else
-		mailbuf = xmalloc(end_of_email - email + 1);
-
-	/* downcase the email address */
-	for (i = 0; i < end_of_email - email; i++)
-		mailbuf[i] = tolower(email[i]);
-	mailbuf[i] = 0;
-
-	debug_mm("map_user: map '%s' <%s>\n", name, mailbuf);
-	item = string_list_lookup(map, mailbuf);
+
+	debug_mm("map_user: map '%.*s' <%.*s>\n",
+		 (int)*namelen, debug_str(*name),
+		 (int)*emaillen, debug_str(*email));
+
+	item = lookup_prefix(map, *email, *emaillen);
 	if (item != NULL) {
 		me = (struct mailmap_entry *)item->util;
 		if (me->namemap.nr) {
-			/* The item has multiple items, so we'll look up on name too */
-			/* If the name is not found, we choose the simple entry      */
-			struct string_list_item *subitem = string_list_lookup(&me->namemap, name);
+			/*
+			 * The item has multiple items, so we'll look up on
+			 * name too. If the name is not found, we choose the
+			 * simple entry.
+			 */
+			struct string_list_item *subitem;
+			subitem = lookup_prefix(&me->namemap, *name, *namelen);
 			if (subitem)
 				item = subitem;
 		}
 	}
-	if (mailbuf != buf)
-		free(mailbuf);
 	if (item != NULL) {
 		struct mailmap_info *mi = (struct mailmap_info *)item->util;
-		if (mi->name == NULL && (mi->email == NULL || maxlen_email == 0)) {
+		if (mi->name == NULL && mi->email == NULL) {
 			debug_mm("map_user:  -- (no simple mapping)\n");
 			return 0;
 		}
-		if (maxlen_email && mi->email)
-			strlcpy(email, mi->email, maxlen_email);
-		else
-			*end_of_email = '\0';
-		if (maxlen_name && mi->name)
-			strlcpy(name, mi->name, maxlen_name);
-		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%s' <%s>\n", name, mi->email ? mi->email : "");
+		if (mi->email) {
+				*email = mi->email;
+				*emaillen = strlen(*email);
+		}
+		if (mi->name) {
+				*name = mi->name;
+				*namelen = strlen(*name);
+		}
+		debug_mm("map_user:  to '%.*s' <%.*s>\n",
+			 (int)*namelen, debug_str(*name),
+			 (int)*emaillen, debug_str(*email));
 		return 1;
 	}
 	debug_mm("map_user:  --\n");
diff --git a/mailmap.h b/mailmap.h
index d5c3664322..ed7c93b05c 100644
--- a/mailmap.h
+++ b/mailmap.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 int read_mailmap(struct string_list *map, char **repo_abbrev);
 void clear_mailmap(struct string_list *map);
 
-int map_user(struct string_list *mailmap,
-	     char *email, int maxlen_email, char *name, int maxlen_name);
+int map_user(struct string_list *map,
+			 const char **email, size_t *emaillen, const char **name, size_t *namelen);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/match-trees.c b/match-trees.c
index 26f7ed143e..1ce0954a3e 100644
--- a/match-trees.c
+++ b/match-trees.c
@@ -47,6 +47,29 @@ static int score_matches(unsigned mode1, unsigned mode2, const char *path)
 	return score;
 }
 
+static void *fill_tree_desc_strict(struct tree_desc *desc,
+				   const unsigned char *hash)
+{
+	void *buffer;
+	enum object_type type;
+	unsigned long size;
+
+	buffer = read_sha1_file(hash, &type, &size);
+	if (!buffer)
+		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash));
+	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
+		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash));
+	init_tree_desc(desc, buffer, size);
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+static int base_name_entries_compare(const struct name_entry *a,
+				     const struct name_entry *b)
+{
+	return base_name_compare(a->path, tree_entry_len(a), a->mode,
+				 b->path, tree_entry_len(b), b->mode);
+}
+
 /*
  * Inspect two trees, and give a score that tells how similar they are.
  */
@@ -54,71 +77,39 @@ static int score_trees(const unsigned char *hash1, const unsigned char *hash2)
 {
 	struct tree_desc one;
 	struct tree_desc two;
-	void *one_buf, *two_buf;
+	void *one_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&one, hash1);
+	void *two_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&two, hash2);
 	int score = 0;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long size;
 
-	one_buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &size);
-	if (!one_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	init_tree_desc(&one, one_buf, size);
-	two_buf = read_sha1_file(hash2, &type, &size);
-	if (!two_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash2));
-	init_tree_desc(&two, two_buf, size);
-	while (one.size | two.size) {
-		const unsigned char *elem1 = elem1;
-		const unsigned char *elem2 = elem2;
-		const char *path1 = path1;
-		const char *path2 = path2;
-		unsigned mode1 = mode1;
-		unsigned mode2 = mode2;
+	for (;;) {
+		struct name_entry e1, e2;
+		int got_entry_from_one = tree_entry(&one, &e1);
+		int got_entry_from_two = tree_entry(&two, &e2);
 		int cmp;
 
-		if (one.size)
-			elem1 = tree_entry_extract(&one, &path1, &mode1);
-		if (two.size)
-			elem2 = tree_entry_extract(&two, &path2, &mode2);
-
-		if (!one.size) {
-			/* two has more entries */
-			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
-			update_tree_entry(&two);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!two.size) {
+		if (got_entry_from_one && got_entry_from_two)
+			cmp = base_name_entries_compare(&e1, &e2);
+		else if (got_entry_from_one)
 			/* two lacks this entry */
-			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
-			update_tree_entry(&one);
-			continue;
-		}
-		cmp = base_name_compare(path1, strlen(path1), mode1,
-					path2, strlen(path2), mode2);
-		if (cmp < 0) {
+			cmp = -1;
+		else if (got_entry_from_two)
+			/* two has more entries */
+			cmp = 1;
+		else
+			break;
+
+		if (cmp < 0)
 			/* path1 does not appear in two */
-			score += score_missing(mode1, path1);
-			update_tree_entry(&one);
-			continue;
-		}
-		else if (cmp > 0) {
+			score += score_missing(e1.mode, e1.path);
+		else if (cmp > 0)
 			/* path2 does not appear in one */
-			score += score_missing(mode2, path2);
-			update_tree_entry(&two);
-			continue;
-		}
-		else if (hashcmp(elem1, elem2))
+			score += score_missing(e2.mode, e2.path);
+		else if (hashcmp(e1.sha1, e2.sha1))
 			/* they are different */
-			score += score_differs(mode1, mode2, path1);
+			score += score_differs(e1.mode, e2.mode, e1.path);
 		else
 			/* same subtree or blob */
-			score += score_matches(mode1, mode2, path1);
-		update_tree_entry(&one);
-		update_tree_entry(&two);
+			score += score_matches(e1.mode, e2.mode, e1.path);
 	}
 	free(one_buf);
 	free(two_buf);
@@ -136,16 +127,7 @@ static void match_trees(const unsigned char *hash1,
 			int recurse_limit)
 {
 	struct tree_desc one;
-	void *one_buf;
-	enum object_type type;
-	unsigned long size;
-
-	one_buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &size);
-	if (!one_buf)
-		die("unable to read tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	if (type != OBJ_TREE)
-		die("%s is not a tree", sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	init_tree_desc(&one, one_buf, size);
+	void *one_buf = fill_tree_desc_strict(&one, hash1);
 
 	while (one.size) {
 		const char *path;
@@ -158,17 +140,12 @@ static void match_trees(const unsigned char *hash1,
 			goto next;
 		score = score_trees(elem, hash2);
 		if (*best_score < score) {
-			char *newpath;
-			newpath = xmalloc(strlen(base) + strlen(path) + 1);
-			sprintf(newpath, "%s%s", base, path);
 			free(*best_match);
-			*best_match = newpath;
+			*best_match = xstrfmt("%s%s", base, path);
 			*best_score = score;
 		}
 		if (recurse_limit) {
-			char *newbase;
-			newbase = xmalloc(strlen(base) + strlen(path) + 2);
-			sprintf(newbase, "%s%s/", base, path);
+			char *newbase = xstrfmt("%s%s/", base, path);
 			match_trees(elem, hash2, best_score, best_match,
 				    newbase, recurse_limit - 1);
 			free(newbase);
@@ -200,13 +177,10 @@ static int splice_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
 	enum object_type type;
 	int status;
 
-	subpath = strchr(prefix, '/');
-	if (!subpath)
-		toplen = strlen(prefix);
-	else {
-		toplen = subpath - prefix;
+	subpath = strchrnul(prefix, '/');
+	toplen = subpath - prefix;
+	if (*subpath)
 		subpath++;
-	}
 
 	buf = read_sha1_file(hash1, &type, &sz);
 	if (!buf)
@@ -233,7 +207,7 @@ static int splice_tree(const unsigned char *hash1,
 	if (!rewrite_here)
 		die("entry %.*s not found in tree %s",
 		    toplen, prefix, sha1_to_hex(hash1));
-	if (subpath) {
+	if (*subpath) {
 		status = splice_tree(rewrite_here, subpath, hash2, subtree);
 		if (status)
 			return status;
diff --git a/merge-file.c b/merge-blobs.c
index 7845528e88..7abb894c68 100644
--- a/merge-file.c
+++ b/merge-blobs.c
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "blob.h"
-#include "merge-file.h"
+#include "merge-blobs.h"
 
 static int fill_mmfile_blob(mmfile_t *f, struct blob *obj)
 {
@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@ static int fill_mmfile_blob(mmfile_t *f, struct blob *obj)
 	buf = read_sha1_file(obj->object.sha1, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
 		return -1;
-	if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
+	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(buf);
 		return -1;
+	}
 	f->ptr = buf;
 	f->size = size;
 	return 0;
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ static int generate_common_file(mmfile_t *res, mmfile_t *f1, mmfile_t *f2)
 	return xdi_diff(f1, f2, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
 }
 
-void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
+void *merge_blobs(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our, struct blob *their, unsigned long *size)
 {
 	void *res = NULL;
 	mmfile_t f1, f2, common;
diff --git a/merge-blobs.h b/merge-blobs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62b569e472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge-blobs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef MERGE_BLOBS_H
+#define MERGE_BLOBS_H
+
+#include "blob.h"
+
+extern void *merge_blobs(const char *, struct blob *, struct blob *, struct blob *, unsigned long *);
+
+#endif /* MERGE_BLOBS_H */
diff --git a/merge-file.h b/merge-file.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b3b83ac6c..0000000000
--- a/merge-file.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef MERGE_FILE_H
-#define MERGE_FILE_H
-
-extern void *merge_file(const char *path, struct blob *base, struct blob *our,
-			struct blob *their, unsigned long *size);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/merge-recursive.c b/merge-recursive.c
index 6479a60cd1..1c9c30db6c 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.c
+++ b/merge-recursive.c
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
  * Fredrik Kuivinen.
  * The thieves were Alex Riesen and Johannes Schindelin, in June/July 2006
  */
-#include "advice.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "advice.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "blob.h"
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ static struct tree *shift_tree_object(struct tree *one, struct tree *two,
 
 static struct commit *make_virtual_commit(struct tree *tree, const char *comment)
 {
-	struct commit *commit = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct commit));
+	struct commit *commit = alloc_commit_node();
 	struct merge_remote_desc *desc = xmalloc(sizeof(*desc));
 
 	desc->name = comment;
@@ -163,15 +164,13 @@ static void output(struct merge_options *o, int v, const char *fmt, ...)
 	if (!show(o, v))
 		return;
 
-	strbuf_grow(&o->obuf, o->call_depth * 2 + 2);
-	memset(o->obuf.buf + o->obuf.len, ' ', o->call_depth * 2);
-	strbuf_setlen(&o->obuf, o->obuf.len + o->call_depth * 2);
+	strbuf_addchars(&o->obuf, ' ', o->call_depth * 2);
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
 	strbuf_vaddf(&o->obuf, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 
-	strbuf_add(&o->obuf, "\n", 1);
+	strbuf_addch(&o->obuf, '\n');
 	if (!o->buffer_output)
 		flush_output(o);
 }
@@ -187,12 +186,14 @@ static void output_commit_title(struct merge_options *o, struct commit *commit)
 	else {
 		printf("%s ", find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 		if (parse_commit(commit) != 0)
-			printf("(bad commit)\n");
+			printf(_("(bad commit)\n"));
 		else {
 			const char *title;
-			int len = find_commit_subject(commit->buffer, &title);
+			const char *msg = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+			int len = find_commit_subject(msg, &title);
 			if (len)
 				printf("%.*s\n", len, title);
+			unuse_commit_buffer(commit, msg);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -201,9 +202,11 @@ static int add_cacheinfo(unsigned int mode, const unsigned char *sha1,
 		const char *path, int stage, int refresh, int options)
 {
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
-	ce = make_cache_entry(mode, sha1 ? sha1 : null_sha1, path, stage, refresh);
+	ce = make_cache_entry(mode, sha1 ? sha1 : null_sha1, path, stage,
+			      (refresh ? (CE_MATCH_REFRESH |
+					  CE_MATCH_IGNORE_MISSING) : 0 ));
 	if (!ce)
-		return error("addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'", path);
+		return error(_("addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"), path);
 	return add_cache_entry(ce, options);
 }
 
@@ -251,7 +254,7 @@ struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o)
 		int i;
 		fprintf(stderr, "BUG: There are unmerged index entries:\n");
 		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 			if (ce_stage(ce))
 				fprintf(stderr, "BUG: %d %.*s\n", ce_stage(ce),
 					(int)ce_namelen(ce), ce->name);
@@ -263,9 +266,8 @@ struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o)
 		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
 
 	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree) &&
-	    cache_tree_update(active_cache_tree,
-			      active_cache, active_nr, 0) < 0)
-		die("error building trees");
+	    cache_tree_update(&the_index, 0) < 0)
+		die(_("error building trees"));
 
 	result = lookup_tree(active_cache_tree->sha1);
 
@@ -273,23 +275,20 @@ struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o)
 }
 
 static int save_files_dirs(const unsigned char *sha1,
-		const char *base, int baselen, const char *path,
+		struct strbuf *base, const char *path,
 		unsigned int mode, int stage, void *context)
 {
-	int len = strlen(path);
-	char *newpath = xmalloc(baselen + len + 1);
+	int baselen = base->len;
 	struct merge_options *o = context;
 
-	memcpy(newpath, base, baselen);
-	memcpy(newpath + baselen, path, len);
-	newpath[baselen + len] = '\0';
+	strbuf_addstr(base, path);
 
 	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
-		string_list_insert(&o->current_directory_set, newpath);
+		string_list_insert(&o->current_directory_set, base->buf);
 	else
-		string_list_insert(&o->current_file_set, newpath);
-	free(newpath);
+		string_list_insert(&o->current_file_set, base->buf);
 
+	strbuf_setlen(base, baselen);
 	return (S_ISDIR(mode) ? READ_TREE_RECURSIVE : 0);
 }
 
@@ -297,7 +296,7 @@ static int get_files_dirs(struct merge_options *o, struct tree *tree)
 {
 	int n;
 	struct pathspec match_all;
-	init_pathspec(&match_all, NULL);
+	memset(&match_all, 0, sizeof(match_all));
 	if (read_tree_recursive(tree, "", 0, 0, &match_all, save_files_dirs, o))
 		return 0;
 	n = o->current_file_set.nr + o->current_directory_set.nr;
@@ -339,7 +338,7 @@ static struct string_list *get_unmerged(void)
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item;
 		struct stage_data *e;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 
@@ -485,6 +484,7 @@ static struct string_list *get_renames(struct merge_options *o,
 	renames = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
 	diff_setup(&opts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opts, RECURSIVE);
+	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&opts, RENAME_EMPTY);
 	opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
 	opts.rename_limit = o->merge_rename_limit >= 0 ? o->merge_rename_limit :
 			    o->diff_rename_limit >= 0 ? o->diff_rename_limit :
@@ -492,8 +492,7 @@ static struct string_list *get_renames(struct merge_options *o,
 	opts.rename_score = o->rename_score;
 	opts.show_rename_progress = o->show_rename_progress;
 	opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&opts) < 0)
-		die("diff setup failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&opts);
 	diff_tree_sha1(o_tree->object.sha1, tree->object.sha1, "", &opts);
 	diffcore_std(&opts);
 	if (opts.needed_rename_limit > o->needed_rename_limit)
@@ -586,48 +585,48 @@ static int remove_file(struct merge_options *o, int clean,
 			return -1;
 	}
 	if (update_working_directory) {
+		if (ignore_case) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce;
+			ce = cache_file_exists(path, strlen(path), ignore_case);
+			if (ce && ce_stage(ce) == 0)
+				return 0;
+		}
 		if (remove_path(path))
 			return -1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/* add a string to a strbuf, but converting "/" to "_" */
+static void add_flattened_path(struct strbuf *out, const char *s)
+{
+	size_t i = out->len;
+	strbuf_addstr(out, s);
+	for (; i < out->len; i++)
+		if (out->buf[i] == '/')
+			out->buf[i] = '_';
+}
+
 static char *unique_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path, const char *branch)
 {
-	char *newpath = xmalloc(strlen(path) + 1 + strlen(branch) + 8 + 1);
+	struct strbuf newpath = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int suffix = 0;
 	struct stat st;
-	char *p = newpath + strlen(path);
-	strcpy(newpath, path);
-	*(p++) = '~';
-	strcpy(p, branch);
-	for (; *p; ++p)
-		if ('/' == *p)
-			*p = '_';
-	while (string_list_has_string(&o->current_file_set, newpath) ||
-	       string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, newpath) ||
-	       lstat(newpath, &st) == 0)
-		sprintf(p, "_%d", suffix++);
-
-	string_list_insert(&o->current_file_set, newpath);
-	return newpath;
-}
+	size_t base_len;
 
-static void flush_buffer(int fd, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
-{
-	while (size > 0) {
-		long ret = write_in_full(fd, buf, size);
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			/* Ignore epipe */
-			if (errno == EPIPE)
-				break;
-			die_errno("merge-recursive");
-		} else if (!ret) {
-			die("merge-recursive: disk full?");
-		}
-		size -= ret;
-		buf += ret;
+	strbuf_addf(&newpath, "%s~", path);
+	add_flattened_path(&newpath, branch);
+
+	base_len = newpath.len;
+	while (string_list_has_string(&o->current_file_set, newpath.buf) ||
+	       string_list_has_string(&o->current_directory_set, newpath.buf) ||
+	       lstat(newpath.buf, &st) == 0) {
+		strbuf_setlen(&newpath, base_len);
+		strbuf_addf(&newpath, "_%d", suffix++);
 	}
+
+	string_list_insert(&o->current_file_set, newpath.buf);
+	return strbuf_detach(&newpath, NULL);
 }
 
 static int dir_in_way(const char *path, int check_working_copy)
@@ -686,7 +685,7 @@ static int would_lose_untracked(const char *path)
 static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 {
 	int status, i;
-	const char *msg = "failed to create path '%s'%s";
+	const char *msg = _("failed to create path '%s'%s");
 
 	/* Unlink any D/F conflict files that are in the way */
 	for (i = 0; i < o->df_conflict_file_set.nr; i++) {
@@ -697,7 +696,7 @@ static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 		    path[df_pathlen] == '/' &&
 		    strncmp(path, df_path, df_pathlen) == 0) {
 			output(o, 3,
-			       "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n",
+			       _("Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"),
 			       df_path);
 			unlink(df_path);
 			unsorted_string_list_delete_item(&o->df_conflict_file_set,
@@ -709,9 +708,9 @@ static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 	/* Make sure leading directories are created */
 	status = safe_create_leading_directories_const(path);
 	if (status) {
-		if (status == -3) {
+		if (status == SCLD_EXISTS) {
 			/* something else exists */
-			error(msg, path, ": perhaps a D/F conflict?");
+			error(msg, path, _(": perhaps a D/F conflict?"));
 			return -1;
 		}
 		die(msg, path, "");
@@ -722,7 +721,7 @@ static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 	 * tracking it.
 	 */
 	if (would_lose_untracked(path))
-		return error("refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'",
+		return error(_("refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"),
 			     path);
 
 	/* Successful unlink is good.. */
@@ -732,7 +731,7 @@ static int make_room_for_path(struct merge_options *o, const char *path)
 	if (errno == ENOENT)
 		return 0;
 	/* .. but not some other error (who really cares what?) */
-	return error(msg, path, ": perhaps a D/F conflict?");
+	return error(msg, path, _(": perhaps a D/F conflict?"));
 }
 
 static void update_file_flags(struct merge_options *o,
@@ -762,9 +761,9 @@ static void update_file_flags(struct merge_options *o,
 
 		buf = read_sha1_file(sha, &type, &size);
 		if (!buf)
-			die("cannot read object %s '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
+			die(_("cannot read object %s '%s'"), sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
 		if (type != OBJ_BLOB)
-			die("blob expected for %s '%s'", sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
+			die(_("blob expected for %s '%s'"), sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
 		if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
 			struct strbuf strbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 			if (convert_to_working_tree(path, buf, size, &strbuf)) {
@@ -787,18 +786,18 @@ static void update_file_flags(struct merge_options *o,
 				mode = 0666;
 			fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT, mode);
 			if (fd < 0)
-				die_errno("failed to open '%s'", path);
-			flush_buffer(fd, buf, size);
+				die_errno(_("failed to open '%s'"), path);
+			write_in_full(fd, buf, size);
 			close(fd);
 		} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
 			char *lnk = xmemdupz(buf, size);
 			safe_create_leading_directories_const(path);
 			unlink(path);
 			if (symlink(lnk, path))
-				die_errno("failed to symlink '%s'", path);
+				die_errno(_("failed to symlink '%s'"), path);
 			free(lnk);
 		} else
-			die("do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'",
+			die(_("do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"),
 			    mode, sha1_to_hex(sha), path);
 		free(buf);
 	}
@@ -861,14 +860,14 @@ static int merge_3way(struct merge_options *o,
 	if (strcmp(a->path, b->path) ||
 	    (o->ancestor != NULL && strcmp(a->path, one->path) != 0)) {
 		base_name = o->ancestor == NULL ? NULL :
-			xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", o->ancestor, one->path));
-		name1 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", branch1, a->path));
-		name2 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s:%s", branch2, b->path));
+			mkpathdup("%s:%s", o->ancestor, one->path);
+		name1 = mkpathdup("%s:%s", branch1, a->path);
+		name2 = mkpathdup("%s:%s", branch2, b->path);
 	} else {
 		base_name = o->ancestor == NULL ? NULL :
-			xstrdup(mkpath("%s", o->ancestor));
-		name1 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s", branch1));
-		name2 = xstrdup(mkpath("%s", branch2));
+			mkpathdup("%s", o->ancestor);
+		name1 = mkpathdup("%s", branch1);
+		name2 = mkpathdup("%s", branch2);
 	}
 
 	read_mmblob(&orig, one->sha1);
@@ -878,6 +877,7 @@ static int merge_3way(struct merge_options *o,
 	merge_status = ll_merge(result_buf, a->path, &orig, base_name,
 				&src1, name1, &src2, name2, &ll_opts);
 
+	free(base_name);
 	free(name1);
 	free(name2);
 	free(orig.ptr);
@@ -935,11 +935,11 @@ static struct merge_file_info merge_file_1(struct merge_options *o,
 						  branch1, branch2);
 
 			if ((merge_status < 0) || !result_buf.ptr)
-				die("Failed to execute internal merge");
+				die(_("Failed to execute internal merge"));
 
 			if (write_sha1_file(result_buf.ptr, result_buf.size,
 					    blob_type, result.sha))
-				die("Unable to add %s to database",
+				die(_("Unable to add %s to database"),
 				    a->path);
 
 			free(result_buf.ptr);
@@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ static struct merge_file_info merge_file_1(struct merge_options *o,
 			if (!sha_eq(a->sha1, b->sha1))
 				result.clean = 0;
 		} else {
-			die("unsupported object type in the tree");
+			die(_("unsupported object type in the tree"));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -976,14 +976,10 @@ merge_file_special_markers(struct merge_options *o,
 	char *side2 = NULL;
 	struct merge_file_info mfi;
 
-	if (filename1) {
-		side1 = xmalloc(strlen(branch1) + strlen(filename1) + 2);
-		sprintf(side1, "%s:%s", branch1, filename1);
-	}
-	if (filename2) {
-		side2 = xmalloc(strlen(branch2) + strlen(filename2) + 2);
-		sprintf(side2, "%s:%s", branch2, filename2);
-	}
+	if (filename1)
+		side1 = xstrfmt("%s:%s", branch1, filename1);
+	if (filename2)
+		side2 = xstrfmt("%s:%s", branch2, filename2);
 
 	mfi = merge_file_1(o, one, a, b,
 			   side1 ? side1 : branch1, side2 ? side2 : branch2);
@@ -992,7 +988,7 @@ merge_file_special_markers(struct merge_options *o,
 	return mfi;
 }
 
-static struct merge_file_info merge_file(struct merge_options *o,
+static struct merge_file_info merge_file_one(struct merge_options *o,
 					 const char *path,
 					 const unsigned char *o_sha, int o_mode,
 					 const unsigned char *a_sha, int a_mode,
@@ -1033,22 +1029,32 @@ static void handle_change_delete(struct merge_options *o,
 		remove_file_from_cache(path);
 		update_file(o, 0, o_sha, o_mode, renamed ? renamed : path);
 	} else if (!a_sha) {
-		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
-		       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree%s%s.",
-		       change, path, o->branch1,
-		       change_past, o->branch2, o->branch2, path,
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : " at ",
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : renamed);
-		update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, renamed ? renamed : path);
+		if (!renamed) {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree."),
+			       change, path, o->branch1, change_past,
+			       o->branch2, o->branch2, path);
+			update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, path);
+		} else {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree at %s."),
+			       change, path, o->branch1, change_past,
+			       o->branch2, o->branch2, path, renamed);
+			update_file(o, 0, b_sha, b_mode, renamed);
+		}
 	} else {
-		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
-		       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree%s%s.",
-		       change, path, o->branch2,
-		       change_past, o->branch1, o->branch1, path,
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : " at ",
-		       NULL == renamed ? "" : renamed);
-		if (renamed)
+		if (!renamed) {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree."),
+			       change, path, o->branch2, change_past,
+			       o->branch1, o->branch1, path);
+		} else {
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s "
+			       "and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left in tree at %s."),
+			       change, path, o->branch2, change_past,
+			       o->branch1, o->branch1, path, renamed);
 			update_file(o, 0, a_sha, a_mode, renamed);
+		}
 		/*
 		 * No need to call update_file() on path when !renamed, since
 		 * that would needlessly touch path.  We could call
@@ -1084,7 +1090,7 @@ static void conflict_rename_delete(struct merge_options *o,
 			     orig->sha1, orig->mode,
 			     a_sha, a_mode,
 			     b_sha, b_mode,
-			     "rename", "renamed");
+			     _("rename"), _("renamed"));
 
 	if (o->call_depth) {
 		remove_file_from_cache(dest->path);
@@ -1140,7 +1146,7 @@ static void handle_file(struct merge_options *o,
 	} else {
 		if (dir_in_way(rename->path, !o->call_depth)) {
 			dst_name = unique_path(o, rename->path, cur_branch);
-			output(o, 1, "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead",
+			output(o, 1, _("%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"),
 			       rename->path, other_branch, dst_name);
 		}
 	}
@@ -1162,17 +1168,17 @@ static void conflict_rename_rename_1to2(struct merge_options *o,
 	struct diff_filespec *a = ci->pair1->two;
 	struct diff_filespec *b = ci->pair2->two;
 
-	output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
+	output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
 	       "Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" "
-	       "rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s",
+	       "rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"),
 	       one->path, a->path, ci->branch1,
 	       one->path, b->path, ci->branch2,
-	       o->call_depth ? " (left unresolved)" : "");
+	       o->call_depth ? _(" (left unresolved)") : "");
 	if (o->call_depth) {
 		struct merge_file_info mfi;
 		struct diff_filespec other;
 		struct diff_filespec *add;
-		mfi = merge_file(o, one->path,
+		mfi = merge_file_one(o, one->path,
 				 one->sha1, one->mode,
 				 a->sha1, a->mode,
 				 b->sha1, b->mode,
@@ -1221,9 +1227,9 @@ static void conflict_rename_rename_2to1(struct merge_options *o,
 	struct merge_file_info mfi_c1;
 	struct merge_file_info mfi_c2;
 
-	output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
+	output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (rename/rename): "
 	       "Rename %s->%s in %s. "
-	       "Rename %s->%s in %s",
+	       "Rename %s->%s in %s"),
 	       a->path, c1->path, ci->branch1,
 	       b->path, c2->path, ci->branch2);
 
@@ -1251,7 +1257,7 @@ static void conflict_rename_rename_2to1(struct merge_options *o,
 	} else {
 		char *new_path1 = unique_path(o, path, ci->branch1);
 		char *new_path2 = unique_path(o, path, ci->branch2);
-		output(o, 1, "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead",
+		output(o, 1, _("Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"),
 		       a->path, new_path1, b->path, new_path2);
 		remove_file(o, 0, path, 0);
 		update_file(o, 0, mfi_c1.sha, mfi_c1.mode, new_path1);
@@ -1450,22 +1456,22 @@ static int process_renames(struct merge_options *o,
 			} else if (!sha_eq(dst_other.sha1, null_sha1)) {
 				clean_merge = 0;
 				try_merge = 1;
-				output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. "
-				       "%s added in %s",
+				output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. "
+				       "%s added in %s"),
 				       ren1_src, ren1_dst, branch1,
 				       ren1_dst, branch2);
 				if (o->call_depth) {
 					struct merge_file_info mfi;
-					mfi = merge_file(o, ren1_dst, null_sha1, 0,
+					mfi = merge_file_one(o, ren1_dst, null_sha1, 0,
 							 ren1->pair->two->sha1, ren1->pair->two->mode,
 							 dst_other.sha1, dst_other.mode,
 							 branch1, branch2);
-					output(o, 1, "Adding merged %s", ren1_dst);
+					output(o, 1, _("Adding merged %s"), ren1_dst);
 					update_file(o, 0, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, ren1_dst);
 					try_merge = 0;
 				} else {
 					char *new_path = unique_path(o, ren1_dst, branch2);
-					output(o, 1, "Adding as %s instead", new_path);
+					output(o, 1, _("Adding as %s instead"), new_path);
 					update_file(o, 0, dst_other.sha1, dst_other.mode, new_path);
 					free(new_path);
 				}
@@ -1516,10 +1522,10 @@ static int read_sha1_strbuf(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *dst)
 	unsigned long size;
 	buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 	if (!buf)
-		return error("cannot read object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return error(_("cannot read object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	if (type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(buf);
-		return error("object %s is not a blob", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return error(_("object %s is not a blob"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	}
 	strbuf_attach(dst, buf, size, size + 1);
 	return 0;
@@ -1547,7 +1553,7 @@ static int blob_unchanged(const unsigned char *o_sha,
 	 * unchanged since their sha1s have already been compared.
 	 */
 	if (renormalize_buffer(path, o.buf, o.len, &o) |
-	    renormalize_buffer(path, a.buf, o.len, &a))
+	    renormalize_buffer(path, a.buf, a.len, &a))
 		ret = (o.len == a.len && !memcmp(o.buf, a.buf, o.len));
 
 error_return:
@@ -1567,7 +1573,7 @@ static void handle_modify_delete(struct merge_options *o,
 			     o_sha, o_mode,
 			     a_sha, a_mode,
 			     b_sha, b_mode,
-			     "modify", "modified");
+			     _("modify"), _("modified"));
 }
 
 static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
@@ -1577,14 +1583,14 @@ static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
 			 unsigned char *b_sha, int b_mode,
 			 struct rename_conflict_info *rename_conflict_info)
 {
-	const char *reason = "content";
+	const char *reason = _("content");
 	const char *path1 = NULL, *path2 = NULL;
 	struct merge_file_info mfi;
 	struct diff_filespec one, a, b;
 	unsigned df_conflict_remains = 0;
 
 	if (!o_sha) {
-		reason = "add/add";
+		reason = _("add/add");
 		o_sha = (unsigned char *)null_sha1;
 	}
 	one.path = a.path = b.path = (char *)path;
@@ -1618,7 +1624,7 @@ static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
 	if (mfi.clean && !df_conflict_remains &&
 	    sha_eq(mfi.sha, a_sha) && mfi.mode == a_mode) {
 		int path_renamed_outside_HEAD;
-		output(o, 3, "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)", path);
+		output(o, 3, _("Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"), path);
 		/*
 		 * The content merge resulted in the same file contents we
 		 * already had.  We can return early if those file contents
@@ -1632,12 +1638,12 @@ static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
 			return mfi.clean;
 		}
 	} else
-		output(o, 2, "Auto-merging %s", path);
+		output(o, 2, _("Auto-merging %s"), path);
 
 	if (!mfi.clean) {
 		if (S_ISGITLINK(mfi.mode))
-			reason = "submodule";
-		output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s",
+			reason = _("submodule");
+		output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"),
 				reason, path);
 		if (rename_conflict_info && !df_conflict_remains)
 			update_stages(path, &one, &a, &b);
@@ -1663,7 +1669,7 @@ static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
 
 		}
 		new_path = unique_path(o, path, rename_conflict_info->branch1);
-		output(o, 1, "Adding as %s instead", new_path);
+		output(o, 1, _("Adding as %s instead"), new_path);
 		update_file(o, 0, mfi.sha, mfi.mode, new_path);
 		free(new_path);
 		mfi.clean = 0;
@@ -1678,10 +1684,6 @@ static int merge_content(struct merge_options *o,
 static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 			 const char *path, struct stage_data *entry)
 {
-	/*
-	printf("processing entry, clean cache: %s\n", index_only ? "yes": "no");
-	print_index_entry("\tpath: ", entry);
-	*/
 	int clean_merge = 1;
 	int normalize = o->renormalize;
 	unsigned o_mode = entry->stages[1].mode;
@@ -1727,7 +1729,7 @@ static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 			/* Deleted in both or deleted in one and
 			 * unchanged in the other */
 			if (a_sha)
-				output(o, 2, "Removing %s", path);
+				output(o, 2, _("Removing %s"), path);
 			/* do not touch working file if it did not exist */
 			remove_file(o, 1, path, !a_sha);
 		} else {
@@ -1752,19 +1754,19 @@ static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 			other_branch = o->branch2;
 			mode = a_mode;
 			sha = a_sha;
-			conf = "file/directory";
+			conf = _("file/directory");
 		} else {
 			add_branch = o->branch2;
 			other_branch = o->branch1;
 			mode = b_mode;
 			sha = b_sha;
-			conf = "directory/file";
+			conf = _("directory/file");
 		}
 		if (dir_in_way(path, !o->call_depth)) {
 			char *new_path = unique_path(o, path, add_branch);
 			clean_merge = 0;
-			output(o, 1, "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. "
-			       "Adding %s as %s",
+			output(o, 1, _("CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. "
+			       "Adding %s as %s"),
 			       conf, path, other_branch, path, new_path);
 			if (o->call_depth)
 				remove_file_from_cache(path);
@@ -1773,7 +1775,7 @@ static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 				remove_file_from_cache(path);
 			free(new_path);
 		} else {
-			output(o, 2, "Adding %s", path);
+			output(o, 2, _("Adding %s"), path);
 			/* do not overwrite file if already present */
 			update_file_flags(o, sha, mode, path, 1, !a_sha);
 		}
@@ -1790,7 +1792,7 @@ static int process_entry(struct merge_options *o,
 		 */
 		remove_file(o, 1, path, !a_mode);
 	} else
-		die("Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen.");
+		die(_("Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."));
 
 	return clean_merge;
 }
@@ -1809,7 +1811,7 @@ int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
 	}
 
 	if (sha_eq(common->object.sha1, merge->object.sha1)) {
-		output(o, 0, "Already up-to-date!");
+		output(o, 0, _("Already up-to-date!"));
 		*result = head;
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -1818,7 +1820,7 @@ int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
 
 	if (code != 0) {
 		if (show(o, 4) || o->call_depth)
-			die("merging of trees %s and %s failed",
+			die(_("merging of trees %s and %s failed"),
 			    sha1_to_hex(head->object.sha1),
 			    sha1_to_hex(merge->object.sha1));
 		else
@@ -1848,7 +1850,7 @@ int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
 		for (i = 0; i < entries->nr; i++) {
 			struct stage_data *e = entries->items[i].util;
 			if (!e->processed)
-				die("Unprocessed path??? %s",
+				die(_("Unprocessed path??? %s"),
 				    entries->items[i].string);
 		}
 
@@ -1856,6 +1858,9 @@ int merge_trees(struct merge_options *o,
 		string_list_clear(re_head, 0);
 		string_list_clear(entries, 1);
 
+		free(re_merge);
+		free(re_head);
+		free(entries);
 	}
 	else
 		clean = 1;
@@ -1893,18 +1898,21 @@ int merge_recursive(struct merge_options *o,
 	int clean;
 
 	if (show(o, 4)) {
-		output(o, 4, "Merging:");
+		output(o, 4, _("Merging:"));
 		output_commit_title(o, h1);
 		output_commit_title(o, h2);
 	}
 
 	if (!ca) {
-		ca = get_merge_bases(h1, h2, 1);
+		ca = get_merge_bases(h1, h2);
 		ca = reverse_commit_list(ca);
 	}
 
 	if (show(o, 5)) {
-		output(o, 5, "found %u common ancestor(s):", commit_list_count(ca));
+		unsigned cnt = commit_list_count(ca);
+
+		output(o, 5, Q_("found %u common ancestor:",
+				"found %u common ancestors:", cnt), cnt);
 		for (iter = ca; iter; iter = iter->next)
 			output_commit_title(o, iter->item);
 	}
@@ -1914,7 +1922,7 @@ int merge_recursive(struct merge_options *o,
 		/* if there is no common ancestor, use an empty tree */
 		struct tree *tree;
 
-		tree = lookup_tree((const unsigned char *)EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+		tree = lookup_tree(EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
 		merged_common_ancestors = make_virtual_commit(tree, "ancestor");
 	}
 
@@ -1940,7 +1948,7 @@ int merge_recursive(struct merge_options *o,
 		o->call_depth--;
 
 		if (!merged_common_ancestors)
-			die("merge returned no commit");
+			die(_("merge returned no commit"));
 	}
 
 	discard_cache();
@@ -1986,7 +1994,7 @@ int merge_recursive_generic(struct merge_options *o,
 			    const unsigned char **base_list,
 			    struct commit **result)
 {
-	int clean, index_fd;
+	int clean;
 	struct lock_file *lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 	struct commit *head_commit = get_ref(head, o->branch1);
 	struct commit *next_commit = get_ref(merge, o->branch2);
@@ -1997,39 +2005,28 @@ int merge_recursive_generic(struct merge_options *o,
 		for (i = 0; i < num_base_list; ++i) {
 			struct commit *base;
 			if (!(base = get_ref(base_list[i], sha1_to_hex(base_list[i]))))
-				return error("Could not parse object '%s'",
+				return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'"),
 					sha1_to_hex(base_list[i]));
 			commit_list_insert(base, &ca);
 		}
 	}
 
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(lock, 1);
 	clean = merge_recursive(o, head_commit, next_commit, ca,
 			result);
 	if (active_cache_changed &&
-			(write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-			 commit_locked_index(lock)))
-		return error("Unable to write index.");
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		return error(_("Unable to write index."));
 
 	return clean ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
-static int merge_recursive_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static void merge_recursive_config(struct merge_options *o)
 {
-	struct merge_options *o = cb;
-	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.verbosity")) {
-		o->verbosity = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "diff.renamelimit")) {
-		o->diff_rename_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!strcmp(var, "merge.renamelimit")) {
-		o->merge_rename_limit = git_config_int(var, value);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	return git_xmerge_config(var, value, cb);
+	git_config_get_int("merge.verbosity", &o->verbosity);
+	git_config_get_int("diff.renamelimit", &o->diff_rename_limit);
+	git_config_get_int("merge.renamelimit", &o->merge_rename_limit);
+	git_config(git_xmerge_config, NULL);
 }
 
 void init_merge_options(struct merge_options *o)
@@ -2040,23 +2037,22 @@ void init_merge_options(struct merge_options *o)
 	o->diff_rename_limit = -1;
 	o->merge_rename_limit = -1;
 	o->renormalize = 0;
-	git_config(merge_recursive_config, o);
+	merge_recursive_config(o);
 	if (getenv("GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY"))
 		o->verbosity =
 			strtol(getenv("GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY"), NULL, 10);
 	if (o->verbosity >= 5)
 		o->buffer_output = 0;
 	strbuf_init(&o->obuf, 0);
-	memset(&o->current_file_set, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	o->current_file_set.strdup_strings = 1;
-	memset(&o->current_directory_set, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	o->current_directory_set.strdup_strings = 1;
-	memset(&o->df_conflict_file_set, 0, sizeof(struct string_list));
-	o->df_conflict_file_set.strdup_strings = 1;
+	string_list_init(&o->current_file_set, 1);
+	string_list_init(&o->current_directory_set, 1);
+	string_list_init(&o->df_conflict_file_set, 1);
 }
 
 int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *o, const char *s)
 {
+	const char *arg;
+
 	if (!s || !*s)
 		return -1;
 	if (!strcmp(s, "ours"))
@@ -2065,12 +2061,21 @@ int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *o, const char *s)
 		o->recursive_variant = MERGE_RECURSIVE_THEIRS;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "subtree"))
 		o->subtree_shift = "";
-	else if (!prefixcmp(s, "subtree="))
-		o->subtree_shift = s + strlen("subtree=");
+	else if (skip_prefix(s, "subtree=", &arg))
+		o->subtree_shift = arg;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "patience"))
-		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+		o->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(o, PATIENCE_DIFF);
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "histogram"))
-		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF;
+		o->xdl_opts = DIFF_WITH_ALG(o, HISTOGRAM_DIFF);
+	else if (skip_prefix(s, "diff-algorithm=", &arg)) {
+		long value = parse_algorithm_value(arg);
+		if (value < 0)
+			return -1;
+		/* clear out previous settings */
+		DIFF_XDL_CLR(o, NEED_MINIMAL);
+		o->xdl_opts &= ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
+		o->xdl_opts |= value;
+	}
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-space-change"))
 		o->xdl_opts |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "ignore-all-space"))
@@ -2081,9 +2086,8 @@ int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *o, const char *s)
 		o->renormalize = 1;
 	else if (!strcmp(s, "no-renormalize"))
 		o->renormalize = 0;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(s, "rename-threshold=")) {
-		const char *score = s + strlen("rename-threshold=");
-		if ((o->rename_score = parse_rename_score(&score)) == -1 || *score != 0)
+	else if (skip_prefix(s, "rename-threshold=", &arg)) {
+		if ((o->rename_score = parse_rename_score(&arg)) == -1 || *arg != 0)
 			return -1;
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/merge-recursive.h b/merge-recursive.h
index 58f3435e9e..9e090a3470 100644
--- a/merge-recursive.h
+++ b/merge-recursive.h
@@ -59,9 +59,4 @@ struct tree *write_tree_from_memory(struct merge_options *o);
 
 int parse_merge_opt(struct merge_options *out, const char *s);
 
-/* builtin/merge.c */
-int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
-		const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
-		const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes);
-
 #endif
diff --git a/merge.c b/merge.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fcff632bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/merge.c
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "tree-walk.h"
+#include "unpack-trees.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+
+static const char *merge_argument(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (commit)
+		return sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1);
+	else
+		return EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX;
+}
+
+int try_merge_command(const char *strategy, size_t xopts_nr,
+		      const char **xopts, struct commit_list *common,
+		      const char *head_arg, struct commit_list *remotes)
+{
+	struct argv_array args = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
+	int i, ret;
+	struct commit_list *j;
+
+	argv_array_pushf(&args, "merge-%s", strategy);
+	for (i = 0; i < xopts_nr; i++)
+		argv_array_pushf(&args, "--%s", xopts[i]);
+	for (j = common; j; j = j->next)
+		argv_array_push(&args, merge_argument(j->item));
+	argv_array_push(&args, "--");
+	argv_array_push(&args, head_arg);
+	for (j = remotes; j; j = j->next)
+		argv_array_push(&args, merge_argument(j->item));
+
+	ret = run_command_v_opt(args.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&args);
+
+	discard_cache();
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die(_("failed to read the cache"));
+	resolve_undo_clear();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int checkout_fast_forward(const unsigned char *head,
+			  const unsigned char *remote,
+			  int overwrite_ignore)
+{
+	struct tree *trees[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	struct unpack_trees_options opts;
+	struct tree_desc t[MAX_UNPACK_TREES];
+	int i, nr_trees = 0;
+	struct dir_struct dir;
+	struct lock_file *lock_file = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
+
+	refresh_cache(REFRESH_QUIET);
+
+	hold_locked_index(lock_file, 1);
+
+	memset(&trees, 0, sizeof(trees));
+	memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
+	memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
+	if (overwrite_ignore) {
+		memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
+		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED;
+		setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
+		opts.dir = &dir;
+	}
+
+	opts.head_idx = 1;
+	opts.src_index = &the_index;
+	opts.dst_index = &the_index;
+	opts.update = 1;
+	opts.verbose_update = 1;
+	opts.merge = 1;
+	opts.fn = twoway_merge;
+	setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(&opts, "merge");
+
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(head);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	trees[nr_trees] = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
+	if (!trees[nr_trees++])
+		return -1;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_trees; i++) {
+		parse_tree(trees[i]);
+		init_tree_desc(t+i, trees[i]->buffer, trees[i]->size);
+	}
+	if (unpack_trees(nr_trees, t, &opts))
+		return -1;
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK))
+		die(_("unable to write new index file"));
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/mergesort.c b/mergesort.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5fdf2ee4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergesort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
+
+struct mergesort_sublist {
+	void *ptr;
+	unsigned long len;
+};
+
+static void *get_nth_next(void *list, unsigned long n,
+			  void *(*get_next_fn)(const void *))
+{
+	while (n-- && list)
+		list = get_next_fn(list);
+	return list;
+}
+
+static void *pop_item(struct mergesort_sublist *l,
+		      void *(*get_next_fn)(const void *))
+{
+	void *p = l->ptr;
+	l->ptr = get_next_fn(l->ptr);
+	l->len = l->ptr ? (l->len - 1) : 0;
+	return p;
+}
+
+void *llist_mergesort(void *list,
+		      void *(*get_next_fn)(const void *),
+		      void (*set_next_fn)(void *, void *),
+		      int (*compare_fn)(const void *, const void *))
+{
+	unsigned long l;
+
+	if (!list)
+		return NULL;
+	for (l = 1; ; l *= 2) {
+		void *curr;
+		struct mergesort_sublist p, q;
+
+		p.ptr = list;
+		q.ptr = get_nth_next(p.ptr, l, get_next_fn);
+		if (!q.ptr)
+			break;
+		p.len = q.len = l;
+
+		if (compare_fn(p.ptr, q.ptr) > 0)
+			list = curr = pop_item(&q, get_next_fn);
+		else
+			list = curr = pop_item(&p, get_next_fn);
+
+		while (p.ptr) {
+			while (p.len || q.len) {
+				void *prev = curr;
+
+				if (!p.len)
+					curr = pop_item(&q, get_next_fn);
+				else if (!q.len)
+					curr = pop_item(&p, get_next_fn);
+				else if (compare_fn(p.ptr, q.ptr) > 0)
+					curr = pop_item(&q, get_next_fn);
+				else
+					curr = pop_item(&p, get_next_fn);
+				set_next_fn(prev, curr);
+			}
+			p.ptr = q.ptr;
+			p.len = l;
+			q.ptr = get_nth_next(p.ptr, l, get_next_fn);
+			q.len = q.ptr ? l : 0;
+
+		}
+		set_next_fn(curr, NULL);
+	}
+	return list;
+}
diff --git a/mergesort.h b/mergesort.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..644cff1f96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergesort.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#ifndef MERGESORT_H
+#define MERGESORT_H
+
+/*
+ * Sort linked list in place.
+ * - get_next_fn() returns the next element given an element of a linked list.
+ * - set_next_fn() takes two elements A and B, and makes B the "next" element
+ *   of A on the list.
+ * - compare_fn() takes two elements A and B, and returns negative, 0, positive
+ *   as the same sign as "subtracting" B from A.
+ */
+void *llist_mergesort(void *list,
+		      void *(*get_next_fn)(const void *),
+		      void (*set_next_fn)(void *, void *),
+		      int (*compare_fn)(const void *, const void *));
+
+#endif
diff --git a/mergetools/bc b/mergetools/bc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6319d206e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/bc
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	touch "$BACKUP"
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" \
+			-mergeoutput="$MERGED"
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
+			-mergeoutput="$MERGED"
+	fi
+	check_unchanged
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	if type bcomp >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+	then
+		echo bcomp
+	else
+		echo bcompare
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/bc3 b/mergetools/bc3
index b6319d206e..5d8dd48184 100644
--- a/mergetools/bc3
+++ b/mergetools/bc3
@@ -1,25 +1 @@
-diff_cmd () {
-	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-}
-
-merge_cmd () {
-	touch "$BACKUP"
-	if $base_present
-	then
-		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" \
-			-mergeoutput="$MERGED"
-	else
-		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
-			-mergeoutput="$MERGED"
-	fi
-	check_unchanged
-}
-
-translate_merge_tool_path() {
-	if type bcomp >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
-	then
-		echo bcomp
-	else
-		echo bcompare
-	fi
-}
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/bc"
diff --git a/mergetools/codecompare b/mergetools/codecompare
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f0486bc80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/codecompare
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	touch "$BACKUP"
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" -MF="$LOCAL" -TF="$REMOTE" -BF="$BASE" \
+			-RF="$MERGED"
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" -MF="$LOCAL" -TF="$REMOTE" \
+			-RF="$MERGED"
+	fi
+	check_unchanged
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	if merge_mode
+	then
+		echo CodeMerge
+	else
+		echo CodeCompare
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/defaults b/mergetools/defaults
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d8f2a3dd3..0000000000
--- a/mergetools/defaults
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-# Redefined by builtin tools
-can_merge () {
-	return 0
-}
-
-can_diff () {
-	return 0
-}
-
-diff_cmd () {
-	merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	if test -z "$merge_tool_cmd"
-	then
-		status=1
-		break
-	fi
-	( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-	status=$?
-	return $status
-}
-
-merge_cmd () {
-	merge_tool_cmd="$(get_merge_tool_cmd "$1")"
-	if test -z "$merge_tool_cmd"
-	then
-		status=1
-		break
-	fi
-	trust_exit_code="$(git config --bool \
-		mergetool."$1".trustExitCode || echo false)"
-	if test "$trust_exit_code" = "false"
-	then
-		touch "$BACKUP"
-		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-		status=$?
-		check_unchanged
-	else
-		( eval $merge_tool_cmd )
-		status=$?
-	fi
-	return $status
-}
-
-translate_merge_tool_path () {
-	echo "$1"
-}
diff --git a/mergetools/deltawalker b/mergetools/deltawalker
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3c71b6236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/deltawalker
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	# Adding $(pwd)/ in front of $MERGED should not be necessary.
+	# However without it, DeltaWalker (at least v1.9.8 on Windows)
+	# crashes with a JRE exception.  The DeltaWalker user manual,
+	# shows $(pwd)/ whenever the '-merged' options is given.
+	# Adding it here seems to work around the problem.
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" -merged="$(pwd)/$MERGED"
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" -merged="$(pwd)/$MERGED"
+	fi >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	echo DeltaWalker
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/diffmerge b/mergetools/diffmerge
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f138cb4e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/diffmerge
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+diff_cmd () {
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+merge_cmd () {
+	if $base_present
+	then
+		"$merge_tool_path" --merge --result="$MERGED" \
+			"$LOCAL" "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
+	else
+		"$merge_tool_path" --merge \
+			--result="$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/emerge b/mergetools/emerge
index f96d9e550a..7b895fdb1f 100644
--- a/mergetools/emerge
+++ b/mergetools/emerge
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ merge_cmd () {
 			"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
 			"$(basename "$MERGED")"
 	fi
-	status=$?
 }
 
 translate_merge_tool_path() {
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff b/mergetools/gvimdiff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff2 b/mergetools/gvimdiff2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/gvimdiff3 b/mergetools/gvimdiff3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/gvimdiff3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/kdiff3 b/mergetools/kdiff3
index 28fead428b..793d1293b1 100644
--- a/mergetools/kdiff3
+++ b/mergetools/kdiff3
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 diff_cmd () {
-	"$merge_tool_path" --auto \
+	"$merge_tool_path" \
 		--L1 "$MERGED (A)" --L2 "$MERGED (B)" \
 		"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" >/dev/null 2>&1
 }
@@ -20,5 +20,4 @@ merge_cmd () {
 			-o "$MERGED" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" \
 		>/dev/null 2>&1
 	fi
-	status=$?
 }
diff --git a/mergetools/meld b/mergetools/meld
index cb672a5519..83ebdfb4c3 100644
--- a/mergetools/meld
+++ b/mergetools/meld
@@ -18,13 +18,18 @@ merge_cmd () {
 	check_unchanged
 }
 
-# Check whether 'meld --output <file>' is supported
+# Check whether we should use 'meld --output <file>'
 check_meld_for_output_version () {
 	meld_path="$(git config mergetool.meld.path)"
 	meld_path="${meld_path:-meld}"
 
-	if "$meld_path" --help 2>&1 | grep -e --output >/dev/null
+	if meld_has_output_option=$(git config --bool mergetool.meld.hasOutput)
 	then
+		: use configured value
+	elif "$meld_path" --help 2>&1 |
+		grep -e '--output=' -e '\[OPTION\.\.\.\]' >/dev/null
+	then
+		: old ones mention --output and new ones just say OPTION...
 		meld_has_output_option=true
 	else
 		meld_has_output_option=false
diff --git a/mergetools/p4merge b/mergetools/p4merge
index 1a45c1b0c5..5a608abf9c 100644
--- a/mergetools/p4merge
+++ b/mergetools/p4merge
@@ -1,10 +1,38 @@
 diff_cmd () {
+	empty_file=
+
+	# p4merge does not like /dev/null
+	if test "/dev/null" = "$LOCAL"
+	then
+		LOCAL="$(create_empty_file)"
+	fi
+	if test "/dev/null" = "$REMOTE"
+	then
+		REMOTE="$(create_empty_file)"
+	fi
+
 	"$merge_tool_path" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
+
+	if test -n "$empty_file"
+	then
+		rm -f "$empty_file"
+	fi
 }
 
 merge_cmd () {
 	touch "$BACKUP"
-	$base_present || >"$BASE"
-	"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+	if ! $base_present
+	then
+		cp -- "$LOCAL" "$BASE"
+		create_virtual_base "$BASE" "$REMOTE"
+	fi
+	"$merge_tool_path" "$BASE" "$REMOTE" "$LOCAL" "$MERGED"
 	check_unchanged
 }
+
+create_empty_file () {
+	empty_file="${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/git-difftool-p4merge-empty-file.$$"
+	>"$empty_file"
+
+	printf "%s" "$empty_file"
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/tortoisemerge b/mergetools/tortoisemerge
index ed7db495ed..3b89f1c82d 100644
--- a/mergetools/tortoisemerge
+++ b/mergetools/tortoisemerge
@@ -6,12 +6,29 @@ merge_cmd () {
 	if $base_present
 	then
 		touch "$BACKUP"
-		"$merge_tool_path" \
-			-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
-			-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+		basename="$(basename "$merge_tool_path" .exe)"
+		if test "$basename" = "tortoisegitmerge"
+		then
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base "$BASE" -mine "$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs "$REMOTE" -merged "$MERGED"
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" \
+				-base:"$BASE" -mine:"$LOCAL" \
+				-theirs:"$REMOTE" -merged:"$MERGED"
+		fi
 		check_unchanged
 	else
-		echo "TortoiseMerge cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
+		echo "$merge_tool_path cannot be used without a base" 1>&2
 		return 1
 	fi
 }
+
+translate_merge_tool_path() {
+	if type tortoisegitmerge >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+	then
+		echo tortoisegitmerge
+	else
+		echo tortoisemerge
+	fi
+}
diff --git a/mergetools/vim b/mergetools/vimdiff
index 619594ae4b..1ddfbfcd78 100644
--- a/mergetools/vim
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff
@@ -1,14 +1,6 @@
 diff_cmd () {
-	case "$1" in
-	gvimdiff|vimdiff)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
-			-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	gvimdiff2|vimdiff2)
-		"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
-			-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
-		;;
-	esac
+	"$merge_tool_path" -R -f -d \
+		-c 'wincmd l' -c 'cd $GIT_PREFIX' "$LOCAL" "$REMOTE"
 }
 
 merge_cmd () {
@@ -28,16 +20,26 @@ merge_cmd () {
 		"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'wincmd l' \
 			"$LOCAL" "$MERGED" "$REMOTE"
 		;;
+	gvimdiff3|vimdiff3)
+		if $base_present
+		then
+			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'hid | hid | hid' \
+				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$BASE" "$MERGED"
+		else
+			"$merge_tool_path" -f -d -c 'hid | hid' \
+				"$LOCAL" "$REMOTE" "$MERGED"
+		fi
+		;;
 	esac
 	check_unchanged
 }
 
 translate_merge_tool_path() {
 	case "$1" in
-	gvimdiff|gvimdiff2)
+	gvimdiff|gvimdiff2|gvimdiff3)
 		echo gvim
 		;;
-	vimdiff|vimdiff2)
+	vimdiff|vimdiff2|vimdiff3)
 		echo vim
 		;;
 	esac
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff2 b/mergetools/vimdiff2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/mergetools/vimdiff3 b/mergetools/vimdiff3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..04a5bb0ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mergetools/vimdiff3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+. "$MERGE_TOOLS_DIR/vimdiff"
diff --git a/name-hash.c b/name-hash.c
index d8d25c23e9..702cd0518f 100644
--- a/name-hash.c
+++ b/name-hash.c
@@ -8,82 +8,117 @@
 #define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
 #include "cache.h"
 
-/*
- * This removes bit 5 if bit 6 is set.
- *
- * That will make US-ASCII characters hash to their upper-case
- * equivalent. We could easily do this one whole word at a time,
- * but that's for future worries.
- */
-static inline unsigned char icase_hash(unsigned char c)
+struct dir_entry {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	struct dir_entry *parent;
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	int nr;
+	unsigned int namelen;
+};
+
+static int dir_entry_cmp(const struct dir_entry *e1,
+		const struct dir_entry *e2, const char *name)
 {
-	return c & ~((c & 0x40) >> 1);
+	return e1->namelen != e2->namelen || strncasecmp(e1->ce->name,
+			name ? name : e2->ce->name, e1->namelen);
 }
 
-static unsigned int hash_name(const char *name, int namelen)
+static struct dir_entry *find_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate,
+		const char *name, unsigned int namelen)
 {
-	unsigned int hash = 0x123;
-
-	do {
-		unsigned char c = *name++;
-		c = icase_hash(c);
-		hash = hash*101 + c;
-	} while (--namelen);
-	return hash;
+	struct dir_entry key;
+	hashmap_entry_init(&key, memihash(name, namelen));
+	key.namelen = namelen;
+	return hashmap_get(&istate->dir_hash, &key, name);
 }
 
-static void hash_index_entry_directories(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static struct dir_entry *hash_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate,
+		struct cache_entry *ce, int namelen)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Throw each directory component in the hash for quick lookup
-	 * during a git status. Directory components are stored with their
+	 * during a git status. Directory components are stored without their
 	 * closing slash.  Despite submodules being a directory, they never
-	 * reach this point, because they are stored without a closing slash
-	 * in the cache.
+	 * reach this point, because they are stored
+	 * in index_state.name_hash (as ordinary cache_entries).
 	 *
-	 * Note that the cache_entry stored with the directory does not
-	 * represent the directory itself.  It is a pointer to an existing
-	 * filename, and its only purpose is to represent existence of the
-	 * directory in the cache.  It is very possible multiple directory
-	 * hash entries may point to the same cache_entry.
+	 * Note that the cache_entry stored with the dir_entry merely
+	 * supplies the name of the directory (up to dir_entry.namelen). We
+	 * track the number of 'active' files in a directory in dir_entry.nr,
+	 * so we can tell if the directory is still relevant, e.g. for git
+	 * status. However, if cache_entries are removed, we cannot pinpoint
+	 * an exact cache_entry that's still active. It is very possible that
+	 * multiple dir_entries point to the same cache_entry.
 	 */
-	unsigned int hash;
-	void **pos;
-
-	const char *ptr = ce->name;
-	while (*ptr) {
-		while (*ptr && *ptr != '/')
-			++ptr;
-		if (*ptr == '/') {
-			++ptr;
-			hash = hash_name(ce->name, ptr - ce->name);
-			pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
-			if (pos) {
-				ce->dir_next = *pos;
-				*pos = ce;
-			}
-		}
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
+
+	/* get length of parent directory */
+	while (namelen > 0 && !is_dir_sep(ce->name[namelen - 1]))
+		namelen--;
+	if (namelen <= 0)
+		return NULL;
+	namelen--;
+
+	/* lookup existing entry for that directory */
+	dir = find_dir_entry(istate, ce->name, namelen);
+	if (!dir) {
+		/* not found, create it and add to hash table */
+		dir = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct dir_entry));
+		hashmap_entry_init(dir, memihash(ce->name, namelen));
+		dir->namelen = namelen;
+		dir->ce = ce;
+		hashmap_add(&istate->dir_hash, dir);
+
+		/* recursively add missing parent directories */
+		dir->parent = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, namelen);
 	}
+	return dir;
 }
 
-static void hash_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static void add_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-	void **pos;
-	unsigned int hash;
+	/* Add reference to the directory entry (and parents if 0). */
+	struct dir_entry *dir = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, ce_namelen(ce));
+	while (dir && !(dir->nr++))
+		dir = dir->parent;
+}
 
+static void remove_dir_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Release reference to the directory entry. If 0, remove and continue
+	 * with parent directory.
+	 */
+	struct dir_entry *dir = hash_dir_entry(istate, ce, ce_namelen(ce));
+	while (dir && !(--dir->nr)) {
+		struct dir_entry *parent = dir->parent;
+		hashmap_remove(&istate->dir_hash, dir, NULL);
+		free(dir);
+		dir = parent;
+	}
+}
+
+static void hash_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
 	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_HASHED)
 		return;
 	ce->ce_flags |= CE_HASHED;
-	ce->next = ce->dir_next = NULL;
-	hash = hash_name(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
-	pos = insert_hash(hash, ce, &istate->name_hash);
-	if (pos) {
-		ce->next = *pos;
-		*pos = ce;
-	}
+	hashmap_entry_init(ce, memihash(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)));
+	hashmap_add(&istate->name_hash, ce);
 
 	if (ignore_case)
-		hash_index_entry_directories(istate, ce);
+		add_dir_entry(istate, ce);
+}
+
+static int cache_entry_cmp(const struct cache_entry *ce1,
+		const struct cache_entry *ce2, const void *remove)
+{
+	/*
+	 * For remove_name_hash, find the exact entry (pointer equality); for
+	 * index_file_exists, find all entries with matching hash code and
+	 * decide whether the entry matches in same_name.
+	 */
+	return remove ? !(ce1 == ce2) : 0;
 }
 
 static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
@@ -92,6 +127,9 @@ static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
 
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		return;
+	hashmap_init(&istate->name_hash, (hashmap_cmp_fn) cache_entry_cmp,
+			istate->cache_nr);
+	hashmap_init(&istate->dir_hash, (hashmap_cmp_fn) dir_entry_cmp, 0);
 	for (nr = 0; nr < istate->cache_nr; nr++)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, istate->cache[nr]);
 	istate->name_hash_initialized = 1;
@@ -99,11 +137,21 @@ static void lazy_init_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
 
 void add_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-	ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_UNHASHED;
 	if (istate->name_hash_initialized)
 		hash_index_entry(istate, ce);
 }
 
+void remove_name_hash(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	if (!istate->name_hash_initialized || !(ce->ce_flags & CE_HASHED))
+		return;
+	ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_HASHED;
+	hashmap_remove(&istate->name_hash, ce, ce);
+
+	if (ignore_case)
+		remove_dir_entry(istate, ce);
+}
+
 static int slow_same_name(const char *name1, int len1, const char *name2, int len2)
 {
 	if (len1 != len2)
@@ -131,60 +179,59 @@ static int same_name(const struct cache_entry *ce, const char *name, int namelen
 	 * Always do exact compare, even if we want a case-ignoring comparison;
 	 * we do the quick exact one first, because it will be the common case.
 	 */
-	if (len == namelen && !cache_name_compare(name, namelen, ce->name, len))
+	if (len == namelen && !memcmp(name, ce->name, len))
 		return 1;
 
 	if (!icase)
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If the entry we're comparing is a filename (no trailing slash), then compare
-	 * the lengths exactly.
-	 */
-	if (name[namelen - 1] != '/')
-		return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
+	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, len);
+}
+
+struct cache_entry *index_dir_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	struct dir_entry *dir;
+
+	lazy_init_name_hash(istate);
+	dir = find_dir_entry(istate, name, namelen);
+	if (dir && dir->nr)
+		return dir->ce;
 
 	/*
-	 * For a directory, we point to an arbitrary cache_entry filename.  Just
-	 * make sure the directory portion matches.
+	 * It might be a submodule. Unlike plain directories, which are stored
+	 * in the dir-hash, submodules are stored in the name-hash, so check
+	 * there, as well.
 	 */
-	return slow_same_name(name, namelen, ce->name, namelen < len ? namelen : len);
+	ce = index_file_exists(istate, name, namelen, 1);
+	if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+		return ce;
+
+	return NULL;
 }
 
-struct cache_entry *index_name_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
+struct cache_entry *index_file_exists(struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int icase)
 {
-	unsigned int hash = hash_name(name, namelen);
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	lazy_init_name_hash(istate);
-	ce = lookup_hash(hash, &istate->name_hash);
 
+	ce = hashmap_get_from_hash(&istate->name_hash,
+				   memihash(name, namelen), NULL);
 	while (ce) {
-		if (!(ce->ce_flags & CE_UNHASHED)) {
-			if (same_name(ce, name, namelen, icase))
-				return ce;
-		}
-		if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/')
-			ce = ce->dir_next;
-		else
-			ce = ce->next;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Might be a submodule.  Despite submodules being directories,
-	 * they are stored in the name hash without a closing slash.
-	 * When ignore_case is 1, directories are stored in the name hash
-	 * with their closing slash.
-	 *
-	 * The side effect of this storage technique is we have need to
-	 * remove the slash from name and perform the lookup again without
-	 * the slash.  If a match is made, S_ISGITLINK(ce->mode) will be
-	 * true.
-	 */
-	if (icase && name[namelen - 1] == '/') {
-		ce = index_name_exists(istate, name, namelen - 1, icase);
-		if (ce && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+		if (same_name(ce, name, namelen, icase))
 			return ce;
+		ce = hashmap_get_next(&istate->name_hash, ce);
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
+
+void free_name_hash(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	if (!istate->name_hash_initialized)
+		return;
+	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
+
+	hashmap_free(&istate->name_hash, 0);
+	hashmap_free(&istate->dir_hash, 1);
+}
diff --git a/notes-cache.c b/notes-cache.c
index eabe4a0d9b..c4e9bb7f6c 100644
--- a/notes-cache.c
+++ b/notes-cache.c
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ int notes_cache_write(struct notes_cache *c)
 {
 	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
 	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
-	struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (!c || !c->tree.initialized || !c->tree.ref || !*c->tree.ref)
 		return -1;
@@ -57,12 +56,11 @@ int notes_cache_write(struct notes_cache *c)
 
 	if (write_notes_tree(&c->tree, tree_sha1))
 		return -1;
-	strbuf_attach(&msg, c->validity,
-		      strlen(c->validity), strlen(c->validity) + 1);
-	if (commit_tree(&msg, tree_sha1, NULL, commit_sha1, NULL, NULL) < 0)
+	if (commit_tree(c->validity, strlen(c->validity), tree_sha1, NULL,
+			commit_sha1, NULL, NULL) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	if (update_ref("update notes cache", c->tree.ref, commit_sha1, NULL,
-		       0, QUIET_ON_ERR) < 0)
+		       0, UPDATE_REFS_QUIET_ON_ERR) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/notes-merge.c b/notes-merge.c
index fb0832f97d..109ff4ef41 100644
--- a/notes-merge.c
+++ b/notes-merge.c
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "notes.h"
 #include "notes-merge.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
 
 struct notes_merge_pair {
 	unsigned char obj[20], base[20], local[20], remote[20];
@@ -126,8 +127,7 @@ static struct notes_merge_pair *diff_tree_remote(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	diff_setup(&opt);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, RECURSIVE);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&opt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&opt);
 	diff_tree_sha1(base, remote, "", &opt);
 	diffcore_std(&opt);
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ static struct notes_merge_pair *diff_tree_remote(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		       sha1_to_hex(mp->remote));
 	}
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	free_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 
 	*num_changes = len;
 	return changes;
@@ -190,8 +190,7 @@ static void diff_tree_local(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	diff_setup(&opt);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, RECURSIVE);
 	opt.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&opt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&opt);
 	diff_tree_sha1(base, local, "", &opt);
 	diffcore_std(&opt);
 
@@ -257,7 +256,7 @@ static void diff_tree_local(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		       sha1_to_hex(mp->local));
 	}
 	diff_flush(&opt);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&opt);
+	free_pathspec(&opt.pathspec);
 }
 
 static void check_notes_merge_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o)
@@ -267,7 +266,8 @@ static void check_notes_merge_worktree(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 		 * Must establish NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE.
 		 * Abort if NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE already exists
 		 */
-		if (file_exists(git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE))) {
+		if (file_exists(git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE)) &&
+		    !is_empty_dir(git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE))) {
 			if (advice_resolve_conflict)
 				die("You have not concluded your previous "
 				    "notes merge (%s exists).\nPlease, use "
@@ -523,38 +523,14 @@ static int merge_from_diffs(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	free(changes);
 
 	if (o->verbosity >= 4)
-		printf("Merge result: %i unmerged notes and a %s notes tree\n",
-			conflicts, t->dirty ? "dirty" : "clean");
+		printf(t->dirty ?
+		       "Merge result: %i unmerged notes and a dirty notes tree\n" :
+		       "Merge result: %i unmerged notes and a clean notes tree\n",
+		       conflicts);
 
 	return conflicts ? -1 : 1;
 }
 
-void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
-			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1)
-{
-	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
-
-	assert(t->initialized);
-
-	if (write_notes_tree(t, tree_sha1))
-		die("Failed to write notes tree to database");
-
-	if (!parents) {
-		/* Deduce parent commit from t->ref */
-		unsigned char parent_sha1[20];
-		if (!read_ref(t->ref, parent_sha1)) {
-			struct commit *parent = lookup_commit(parent_sha1);
-			if (!parent || parse_commit(parent))
-				die("Failed to find/parse commit %s", t->ref);
-			commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
-		}
-		/* else: t->ref points to nothing, assume root/orphan commit */
-	}
-
-	if (commit_tree(msg, tree_sha1, parents, result_sha1, NULL, NULL))
-		die("Failed to commit notes tree to database");
-}
-
 int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		struct notes_tree *local_tree,
 		unsigned char *result_sha1)
@@ -573,7 +549,7 @@ int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	       o->local_ref, o->remote_ref);
 
 	/* Dereference o->local_ref into local_sha1 */
-	if (read_ref_full(o->local_ref, local_sha1, 0, NULL))
+	if (read_ref_full(o->local_ref, 0, local_sha1, NULL))
 		die("Failed to resolve local notes ref '%s'", o->local_ref);
 	else if (!check_refname_format(o->local_ref, 0) &&
 		is_null_sha1(local_sha1))
@@ -618,7 +594,7 @@ int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 	assert(local && remote);
 
 	/* Find merge bases */
-	bases = get_merge_bases(local, remote, 1);
+	bases = get_merge_bases(local, remote);
 	if (!bases) {
 		base_sha1 = null_sha1;
 		base_tree_sha1 = EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN;
@@ -668,7 +644,8 @@ int notes_merge(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 		struct commit_list *parents = NULL;
 		commit_list_insert(remote, &parents); /* LIFO order */
 		commit_list_insert(local, &parents);
-		create_notes_commit(local_tree, parents, &o->commit_msg,
+		create_notes_commit(local_tree, parents,
+				    o->commit_msg.buf, o->commit_msg.len,
 				    result_sha1);
 	}
 
@@ -687,73 +664,87 @@ int notes_merge_commit(struct notes_merge_options *o,
 {
 	/*
 	 * Iterate through files in .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE and add all
-	 * found notes to 'partial_tree'. Write the updates notes tree to
+	 * found notes to 'partial_tree'. Write the updated notes tree to
 	 * the DB, and commit the resulting tree object while reusing the
 	 * commit message and parents from 'partial_commit'.
 	 * Finally store the new commit object SHA1 into 'result_sha1'.
 	 */
-	struct dir_struct dir;
-	char *path = xstrdup(git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE "/"));
-	int path_len = strlen(path), i;
-	char *msg = strstr(partial_commit->buffer, "\n\n");
-	struct strbuf sb_msg = STRBUF_INIT;
-
+	DIR *dir;
+	struct dirent *e;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *buffer = get_commit_buffer(partial_commit, NULL);
+	const char *msg = strstr(buffer, "\n\n");
+	int baselen;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE));
 	if (o->verbosity >= 3)
-		printf("Committing notes in notes merge worktree at %.*s\n",
-			path_len - 1, path);
+		printf("Committing notes in notes merge worktree at %s\n",
+			path.buf);
 
 	if (!msg || msg[2] == '\0')
 		die("partial notes commit has empty message");
 	msg += 2;
 
-	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
-	read_directory(&dir, path, path_len, NULL);
-	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
-		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
+	dir = opendir(path.buf);
+	if (!dir)
+		die_errno("could not open %s", path.buf);
+
+	strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
+	baselen = path.len;
+	while ((e = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
 		struct stat st;
-		const char *relpath = ent->name + path_len;
 		unsigned char obj_sha1[20], blob_sha1[20];
 
-		if (ent->len - path_len != 40 || get_sha1_hex(relpath, obj_sha1)) {
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(e->d_name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (strlen(e->d_name) != 40 || get_sha1_hex(e->d_name, obj_sha1)) {
 			if (o->verbosity >= 3)
-				printf("Skipping non-SHA1 entry '%s'\n",
-								ent->name);
+				printf("Skipping non-SHA1 entry '%s%s'\n",
+					path.buf, e->d_name);
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		strbuf_addstr(&path, e->d_name);
 		/* write file as blob, and add to partial_tree */
-		if (stat(ent->name, &st))
-			die_errno("Failed to stat '%s'", ent->name);
-		if (index_path(blob_sha1, ent->name, &st, HASH_WRITE_OBJECT))
-			die("Failed to write blob object from '%s'", ent->name);
+		if (stat(path.buf, &st))
+			die_errno("Failed to stat '%s'", path.buf);
+		if (index_path(blob_sha1, path.buf, &st, HASH_WRITE_OBJECT))
+			die("Failed to write blob object from '%s'", path.buf);
 		if (add_note(partial_tree, obj_sha1, blob_sha1, NULL))
 			die("Failed to add resolved note '%s' to notes tree",
-			    ent->name);
+			    path.buf);
 		if (o->verbosity >= 4)
 			printf("Added resolved note for object %s: %s\n",
 				sha1_to_hex(obj_sha1), sha1_to_hex(blob_sha1));
+		strbuf_setlen(&path, baselen);
 	}
 
-	strbuf_attach(&sb_msg, msg, strlen(msg), strlen(msg) + 1);
-	create_notes_commit(partial_tree, partial_commit->parents, &sb_msg,
-			    result_sha1);
+	create_notes_commit(partial_tree, partial_commit->parents,
+			    msg, strlen(msg), result_sha1);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(partial_commit, buffer);
 	if (o->verbosity >= 4)
 		printf("Finalized notes merge commit: %s\n",
 			sha1_to_hex(result_sha1));
-	free(path);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
+	closedir(dir);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 int notes_merge_abort(struct notes_merge_options *o)
 {
-	/* Remove .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE directory and all files within */
+	/*
+	 * Remove all files within .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE. We do not remove
+	 * the .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE directory itself, since it might be
+	 * the current working directory of the user.
+	 */
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret;
 
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, git_path(NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE));
 	if (o->verbosity >= 3)
-		printf("Removing notes merge worktree at %s\n", buf.buf);
-	ret = remove_dir_recursively(&buf, 0);
+		printf("Removing notes merge worktree at %s/*\n", buf.buf);
+	ret = remove_dir_recursively(&buf, REMOVE_DIR_KEEP_TOPLEVEL);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/notes-merge.h b/notes-merge.h
index 0c11b173a1..1d01f6aacf 100644
--- a/notes-merge.h
+++ b/notes-merge.h
@@ -26,20 +26,6 @@ struct notes_merge_options {
 void init_notes_merge_options(struct notes_merge_options *o);
 
 /*
- * Create new notes commit from the given notes tree
- *
- * Properties of the created commit:
- * - tree: the result of converting t to a tree object with write_notes_tree().
- * - parents: the given parents OR (if NULL) the commit referenced by t->ref.
- * - author/committer: the default determined by commmit_tree().
- * - commit message: msg
- *
- * The resulting commit SHA1 is stored in result_sha1.
- */
-void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
-			 const struct strbuf *msg, unsigned char *result_sha1);
-
-/*
  * Merge notes from o->remote_ref into o->local_ref
  *
  * The given notes_tree 'local_tree' must be the notes_tree referenced by the
diff --git a/notes-utils.c b/notes-utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ccbf0737a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes-utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "notes-utils.h"
+
+void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
+			 const char *msg, size_t msg_len,
+			 unsigned char *result_sha1)
+{
+	unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
+
+	assert(t->initialized);
+
+	if (write_notes_tree(t, tree_sha1))
+		die("Failed to write notes tree to database");
+
+	if (!parents) {
+		/* Deduce parent commit from t->ref */
+		unsigned char parent_sha1[20];
+		if (!read_ref(t->ref, parent_sha1)) {
+			struct commit *parent = lookup_commit(parent_sha1);
+			if (parse_commit(parent))
+				die("Failed to find/parse commit %s", t->ref);
+			commit_list_insert(parent, &parents);
+		}
+		/* else: t->ref points to nothing, assume root/orphan commit */
+	}
+
+	if (commit_tree(msg, msg_len, tree_sha1, parents, result_sha1, NULL, NULL))
+		die("Failed to commit notes tree to database");
+}
+
+void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char commit_sha1[20];
+
+	if (!t)
+		t = &default_notes_tree;
+	if (!t->initialized || !t->ref || !*t->ref)
+		die(_("Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"));
+	if (!t->dirty)
+		return; /* don't have to commit an unchanged tree */
+
+	/* Prepare commit message and reflog message */
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, msg);
+	strbuf_complete_line(&buf);
+
+	create_notes_commit(t, NULL, buf.buf, buf.len, commit_sha1);
+	strbuf_insert(&buf, 0, "notes: ", 7); /* commit message starts at index 7 */
+	update_ref(buf.buf, t->ref, commit_sha1, NULL, 0,
+		   UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
+static combine_notes_fn parse_combine_notes_fn(const char *v)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp(v, "overwrite"))
+		return combine_notes_overwrite;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "ignore"))
+		return combine_notes_ignore;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "concatenate"))
+		return combine_notes_concatenate;
+	else if (!strcasecmp(v, "cat_sort_uniq"))
+		return combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq;
+	else
+		return NULL;
+}
+
+static int notes_rewrite_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
+{
+	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = cb;
+	if (starts_with(k, "notes.rewrite.") && !strcmp(k+14, c->cmd)) {
+		c->enabled = git_config_bool(k, v);
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!c->mode_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewritemode")) {
+		if (!v)
+			return config_error_nonbool(k);
+		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(v);
+		if (!c->combine) {
+			error(_("Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"), v);
+			return 1;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!c->refs_from_env && !strcmp(k, "notes.rewriteref")) {
+		/* note that a refs/ prefix is implied in the
+		 * underlying for_each_glob_ref */
+		if (starts_with(v, "refs/notes/"))
+			string_list_add_refs_by_glob(c->refs, v);
+		else
+			warning(_("Refusing to rewrite notes in %s"
+				" (outside of refs/notes/)"), v);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd)
+{
+	struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c = xmalloc(sizeof(struct notes_rewrite_cfg));
+	const char *rewrite_mode_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT);
+	const char *rewrite_refs_env = getenv(GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF_ENVIRONMENT);
+	c->cmd = cmd;
+	c->enabled = 1;
+	c->combine = combine_notes_concatenate;
+	c->refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct string_list));
+	c->refs->strdup_strings = 1;
+	c->refs_from_env = 0;
+	c->mode_from_env = 0;
+	if (rewrite_mode_env) {
+		c->mode_from_env = 1;
+		c->combine = parse_combine_notes_fn(rewrite_mode_env);
+		if (!c->combine)
+			/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+			   environment variable, the second %s is its value */
+			error(_("Bad %s value: '%s'"), GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE_ENVIRONMENT,
+					rewrite_mode_env);
+	}
+	if (rewrite_refs_env) {
+		c->refs_from_env = 1;
+		string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(c->refs, rewrite_refs_env);
+	}
+	git_config(notes_rewrite_config, c);
+	if (!c->enabled || !c->refs->nr) {
+		string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
+		free(c->refs);
+		free(c);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	c->trees = load_notes_trees(c->refs);
+	string_list_clear(c->refs, 0);
+	free(c->refs);
+	return c;
+}
+
+int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
+			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++)
+		ret = copy_note(c->trees[i], from_obj, to_obj, 1, c->combine) || ret;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c, const char *msg)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; c->trees[i]; i++) {
+		commit_notes(c->trees[i], msg);
+		free_notes(c->trees[i]);
+	}
+	free(c->trees);
+	free(c);
+}
diff --git a/notes-utils.h b/notes-utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..890ddb33e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes-utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef NOTES_UTILS_H
+#define NOTES_UTILS_H
+
+#include "notes.h"
+
+/*
+ * Create new notes commit from the given notes tree
+ *
+ * Properties of the created commit:
+ * - tree: the result of converting t to a tree object with write_notes_tree().
+ * - parents: the given parents OR (if NULL) the commit referenced by t->ref.
+ * - author/committer: the default determined by commit_tree().
+ * - commit message: msg
+ *
+ * The resulting commit SHA1 is stored in result_sha1.
+ */
+void create_notes_commit(struct notes_tree *t, struct commit_list *parents,
+			 const char *msg, size_t msg_len, unsigned char *result_sha1);
+
+void commit_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *msg);
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg {
+	struct notes_tree **trees;
+	const char *cmd;
+	int enabled;
+	combine_notes_fn combine;
+	struct string_list *refs;
+	int refs_from_env;
+	int mode_from_env;
+};
+
+struct notes_rewrite_cfg *init_copy_notes_for_rewrite(const char *cmd);
+int copy_note_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c,
+			  const unsigned char *from_obj, const unsigned char *to_obj);
+void finish_copy_notes_for_rewrite(struct notes_rewrite_cfg *c, const char *msg);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/notes.c b/notes.c
index 93e9868d5d..2be4d7f3fd 100644
--- a/notes.c
+++ b/notes.c
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ static int note_tree_insert(struct notes_tree *t, struct int_node *tree,
 		free(entry);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	new_node = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(sizeof(struct int_node), 1);
+	new_node = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct int_node));
 	ret = note_tree_insert(t, new_node, n + 1, l, GET_PTR_TYPE(*p),
 			       combine_notes);
 	if (ret)
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ static void load_subtree(struct notes_tree *t, struct leaf_node *subtree,
 		if (len <= 20) {
 			type = PTR_TYPE_NOTE;
 			l = (struct leaf_node *)
-				xcalloc(sizeof(struct leaf_node), 1);
+				xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct leaf_node));
 			hashcpy(l->key_sha1, object_sha1);
 			hashcpy(l->val_sha1, entry.sha1);
 			if (len < 20) {
@@ -848,15 +848,16 @@ int combine_notes_ignore(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *sort_uniq_list,
+/*
+ * Add the lines from the named object to list, with trailing
+ * newlines removed.
+ */
+static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *list,
 				      const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	char *data;
 	unsigned long len;
 	enum object_type t;
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **lines = NULL;
-	int i, list_index;
 
 	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
 		return 0;
@@ -868,24 +869,14 @@ static int string_list_add_note_lines(struct string_list *sort_uniq_list,
 		return t != OBJ_BLOB || !data;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_attach(&buf, data, len, len + 1);
-	lines = strbuf_split(&buf, '\n');
-
-	for (i = 0; lines[i]; i++) {
-		if (lines[i]->buf[lines[i]->len - 1] == '\n')
-			strbuf_setlen(lines[i], lines[i]->len - 1);
-		if (!lines[i]->len)
-			continue; /* skip empty lines */
-		list_index = string_list_find_insert_index(sort_uniq_list,
-							   lines[i]->buf, 0);
-		if (list_index < 0)
-			continue; /* skip duplicate lines */
-		string_list_insert_at_index(sort_uniq_list, list_index,
-					    lines[i]->buf);
-	}
-
-	strbuf_list_free(lines);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	/*
+	 * If the last line of the file is EOL-terminated, this will
+	 * add an empty string to the list.  But it will be removed
+	 * later, along with any empty strings that came from empty
+	 * lines within the file.
+	 */
+	string_list_split(list, data, '\n', -1);
+	free(data);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -901,7 +892,7 @@ static int string_list_join_lines_helper(struct string_list_item *item,
 int combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
 		const unsigned char *new_sha1)
 {
-	struct string_list sort_uniq_list = { NULL, 0, 0, 1 };
+	struct string_list sort_uniq_list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret = 1;
 
@@ -910,6 +901,9 @@ int combine_notes_cat_sort_uniq(unsigned char *cur_sha1,
 		goto out;
 	if (string_list_add_note_lines(&sort_uniq_list, new_sha1))
 		goto out;
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&sort_uniq_list, 0);
+	string_list_sort(&sort_uniq_list);
+	string_list_remove_duplicates(&sort_uniq_list, 0);
 
 	/* create a new blob object from sort_uniq_list */
 	if (for_each_string_list(&sort_uniq_list,
@@ -924,17 +918,21 @@ out:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int string_list_add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
+static int string_list_add_one_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 				   int flag, void *cb)
 {
 	struct string_list *refs = cb;
-	if (!unsorted_string_list_has_string(refs, path))
-		string_list_append(refs, path);
+	if (!unsorted_string_list_has_string(refs, refname))
+		string_list_append(refs, refname);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * The list argument must have strdup_strings set on it.
+ */
 void string_list_add_refs_by_glob(struct string_list *list, const char *glob)
 {
+	assert(list->strdup_strings);
 	if (has_glob_specials(glob)) {
 		for_each_glob_ref(string_list_add_one_ref, glob, list);
 	} else {
@@ -949,23 +947,18 @@ void string_list_add_refs_by_glob(struct string_list *list, const char *glob)
 void string_list_add_refs_from_colon_sep(struct string_list *list,
 					 const char *globs)
 {
-	struct strbuf globbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf **split;
+	struct string_list split = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	char *globs_copy = xstrdup(globs);
 	int i;
 
-	strbuf_addstr(&globbuf, globs);
-	split = strbuf_split(&globbuf, ':');
+	string_list_split_in_place(&split, globs_copy, ':', -1);
+	string_list_remove_empty_items(&split, 0);
 
-	for (i = 0; split[i]; i++) {
-		if (!split[i]->len)
-			continue;
-		if (split[i]->buf[split[i]->len-1] == ':')
-			strbuf_setlen(split[i], split[i]->len-1);
-		string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, split[i]->buf);
-	}
+	for (i = 0; i < split.nr; i++)
+		string_list_add_refs_by_glob(list, split.items[i].string);
 
-	strbuf_list_free(split);
-	strbuf_release(&globbuf);
+	string_list_clear(&split, 0);
+	free(globs_copy);
 }
 
 static int notes_display_config(const char *k, const char *v, void *cb)
@@ -1010,10 +1003,10 @@ void init_notes(struct notes_tree *t, const char *notes_ref,
 	if (!combine_notes)
 		combine_notes = combine_notes_concatenate;
 
-	t->root = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(sizeof(struct int_node), 1);
+	t->root = (struct int_node *) xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct int_node));
 	t->first_non_note = NULL;
 	t->prev_non_note = NULL;
-	t->ref = notes_ref ? xstrdup(notes_ref) : NULL;
+	t->ref = xstrdup_or_null(notes_ref);
 	t->combine_notes = combine_notes;
 	t->initialized = 1;
 	t->dirty = 0;
@@ -1196,8 +1189,19 @@ void free_notes(struct notes_tree *t)
 	memset(t, 0, sizeof(struct notes_tree));
 }
 
-void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-		struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+/*
+ * Fill the given strbuf with the notes associated with the given object.
+ *
+ * If the given notes_tree structure is not initialized, it will be auto-
+ * initialized to the default value (see documentation for init_notes() above).
+ * If the given notes_tree is NULL, the internal/default notes_tree will be
+ * used instead.
+ *
+ * (raw != 0) gives the %N userformat; otherwise, the note message is given
+ * for human consumption.
+ */
+static void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+			struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw)
 {
 	static const char utf8[] = "utf-8";
 	const unsigned char *sha1;
@@ -1214,14 +1218,13 @@ void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 	if (!sha1)
 		return;
 
-	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &msglen)) || !msglen ||
-			type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &msglen)) || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
 		free(msg);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	if (output_encoding && *output_encoding &&
-			strcmp(utf8, output_encoding)) {
+	    !is_encoding_utf8(output_encoding)) {
 		char *reencoded = reencode_string(msg, output_encoding, utf8);
 		if (reencoded) {
 			free(msg);
@@ -1234,14 +1237,14 @@ void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 	if (msglen && msg[msglen - 1] == '\n')
 		msglen--;
 
-	if (flags & NOTES_SHOW_HEADER) {
+	if (!raw) {
 		const char *ref = t->ref;
 		if (!ref || !strcmp(ref, GIT_NOTES_DEFAULT_REF)) {
 			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\nNotes:\n");
 		} else {
-			if (!prefixcmp(ref, "refs/"))
+			if (starts_with(ref, "refs/"))
 				ref += 5;
-			if (!prefixcmp(ref, "notes/"))
+			if (starts_with(ref, "notes/"))
 				ref += 6;
 			strbuf_addf(sb, "\nNotes (%s):\n", ref);
 		}
@@ -1250,7 +1253,7 @@ void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 	for (msg_p = msg; msg_p < msg + msglen; msg_p += linelen + 1) {
 		linelen = strchrnul(msg_p, '\n') - msg_p;
 
-		if (flags & NOTES_INDENT)
+		if (!raw)
 			strbuf_addstr(sb, "    ");
 		strbuf_add(sb, msg_p, linelen);
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
@@ -1260,13 +1263,13 @@ void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
 }
 
 void format_display_notes(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags)
+			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw)
 {
 	int i;
 	assert(display_notes_trees);
 	for (i = 0; display_notes_trees[i]; i++)
 		format_note(display_notes_trees[i], object_sha1, sb,
-			    output_encoding, flags);
+			    output_encoding, raw);
 }
 
 int copy_note(struct notes_tree *t,
@@ -1289,9 +1292,9 @@ int copy_note(struct notes_tree *t,
 
 void expand_notes_ref(struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(sb->buf, "refs/notes/"))
+	if (starts_with(sb->buf, "refs/notes/"))
 		return; /* we're happy */
-	else if (!prefixcmp(sb->buf, "notes/"))
+	else if (starts_with(sb->buf, "notes/"))
 		strbuf_insert(sb, 0, "refs/", 5);
 	else
 		strbuf_insert(sb, 0, "refs/notes/", 11);
diff --git a/notes.h b/notes.h
index c716694b9e..2a3f923380 100644
--- a/notes.h
+++ b/notes.h
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ const char *default_notes_ref(void);
  * variable is used, and if that is missing, the default notes ref is used
  * ("refs/notes/commits").
  *
- * If you need to re-intialize a notes_tree structure (e.g. when switching from
+ * If you need to re-initialize a notes_tree structure (e.g. when switching from
  * one notes ref to another), you must first de-initialize the notes_tree
  * structure by calling free_notes(struct notes_tree *).
  *
@@ -237,24 +237,6 @@ void prune_notes(struct notes_tree *t, int flags);
  */
 void free_notes(struct notes_tree *t);
 
-/* Flags controlling how notes are formatted */
-#define NOTES_SHOW_HEADER 1
-#define NOTES_INDENT 2
-
-/*
- * Fill the given strbuf with the notes associated with the given object.
- *
- * If the given notes_tree structure is not initialized, it will be auto-
- * initialized to the default value (see documentation for init_notes() above).
- * If the given notes_tree is NULL, the internal/default notes_tree will be
- * used instead.
- *
- * 'flags' is a bitwise combination of the above formatting flags.
- */
-void format_note(struct notes_tree *t, const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-		struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags);
-
-
 struct string_list;
 
 struct display_notes_opt {
@@ -288,7 +270,7 @@ void init_display_notes(struct display_notes_opt *opt);
  * You *must* call init_display_notes() before using this function.
  */
 void format_display_notes(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
-			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int flags);
+			  struct strbuf *sb, const char *output_encoding, int raw);
 
 /*
  * Load the notes tree from each ref listed in 'refs'.  The output is
diff --git a/object.c b/object.c
index 6b06297a5f..23d6c96719 100644
--- a/object.c
+++ b/object.c
@@ -33,26 +33,41 @@ const char *typename(unsigned int type)
 	return object_type_strings[type];
 }
 
-int type_from_string(const char *str)
+int type_from_string_gently(const char *str, ssize_t len, int gentle)
 {
 	int i;
 
+	if (len < 0)
+		len = strlen(str);
+
 	for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(object_type_strings); i++)
-		if (!strcmp(str, object_type_strings[i]))
+		if (!strncmp(str, object_type_strings[i], len))
 			return i;
+
+	if (gentle)
+		return -1;
+
 	die("invalid object type \"%s\"", str);
 }
 
-static unsigned int hash_obj(struct object *obj, unsigned int n)
+/*
+ * Return a numerical hash value between 0 and n-1 for the object with
+ * the specified sha1.  n must be a power of 2.  Please note that the
+ * return value is *not* consistent across computer architectures.
+ */
+static unsigned int hash_obj(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int n)
 {
-	unsigned int hash;
-	memcpy(&hash, obj->sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	return hash % n;
+	return sha1hash(sha1) & (n - 1);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Insert obj into the hash table hash, which has length size (which
+ * must be a power of 2).  On collisions, simply overflow to the next
+ * empty bucket.
+ */
 static void insert_obj_hash(struct object *obj, struct object **hash, unsigned int size)
 {
-	unsigned int j = hash_obj(obj, size);
+	unsigned int j = hash_obj(obj->sha1, size);
 
 	while (hash[j]) {
 		j++;
@@ -62,22 +77,19 @@ static void insert_obj_hash(struct object *obj, struct object **hash, unsigned i
 	hash[j] = obj;
 }
 
-static unsigned int hashtable_index(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	memcpy(&i, sha1, sizeof(unsigned int));
-	return i % obj_hash_size;
-}
-
+/*
+ * Look up the record for the given sha1 in the hash map stored in
+ * obj_hash.  Return NULL if it was not found.
+ */
 struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned int i, first;
 	struct object *obj;
 
 	if (!obj_hash)
 		return NULL;
 
-	i = hashtable_index(sha1);
+	first = i = hash_obj(sha1, obj_hash_size);
 	while ((obj = obj_hash[i]) != NULL) {
 		if (!hashcmp(sha1, obj->sha1))
 			break;
@@ -85,12 +97,31 @@ struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 		if (i == obj_hash_size)
 			i = 0;
 	}
+	if (obj && i != first) {
+		/*
+		 * Move object to where we started to look for it so
+		 * that we do not need to walk the hash table the next
+		 * time we look for it.
+		 */
+		struct object *tmp = obj_hash[i];
+		obj_hash[i] = obj_hash[first];
+		obj_hash[first] = tmp;
+	}
 	return obj;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Increase the size of the hash map stored in obj_hash to the next
+ * power of 2 (but at least 32).  Copy the existing values to the new
+ * hash map.
+ */
 static void grow_object_hash(void)
 {
 	int i;
+	/*
+	 * Note that this size must always be power-of-2 to match hash_obj
+	 * above.
+	 */
 	int new_hash_size = obj_hash_size < 32 ? 32 : 2 * obj_hash_size;
 	struct object **new_hash;
 
@@ -106,13 +137,12 @@ static void grow_object_hash(void)
 	obj_hash_size = new_hash_size;
 }
 
-void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *o)
+void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, void *o)
 {
 	struct object *obj = o;
 
 	obj->parsed = 0;
 	obj->used = 0;
-	obj->type = type;
 	obj->flags = 0;
 	hashcpy(obj->sha1, sha1);
 
@@ -124,18 +154,37 @@ void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *o)
 	return obj;
 }
 
+void *object_as_type(struct object *obj, enum object_type type, int quiet)
+{
+	if (obj->type == type)
+		return obj;
+	else if (obj->type == OBJ_NONE) {
+		if (type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+			((struct commit *)obj)->index = alloc_commit_index();
+		obj->type = type;
+		return obj;
+	}
+	else {
+		if (!quiet)
+			error("object %s is a %s, not a %s",
+			      sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1),
+			      typename(obj->type), typename(type));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
 struct object *lookup_unknown_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
-		obj = create_object(sha1, OBJ_NONE, alloc_object_node());
+		obj = create_object(sha1, alloc_object_node());
 	return obj;
 }
 
 struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type type, unsigned long size, void *buffer, int *eaten_p)
 {
 	struct object *obj;
-	int eaten = 0;
+	*eaten_p = 0;
 
 	obj = NULL;
 	if (type == OBJ_BLOB) {
@@ -154,7 +203,7 @@ struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type t
 			if (!tree->object.parsed) {
 				if (parse_tree_buffer(tree, buffer, size))
 					return NULL;
-				eaten = 1;
+				*eaten_p = 1;
 			}
 		}
 	} else if (type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -162,9 +211,9 @@ struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type t
 		if (commit) {
 			if (parse_commit_buffer(commit, buffer, size))
 				return NULL;
-			if (!commit->buffer) {
-				commit->buffer = buffer;
-				eaten = 1;
+			if (!get_cached_commit_buffer(commit, NULL)) {
+				set_commit_buffer(commit, buffer, size);
+				*eaten_p = 1;
 			}
 			obj = &commit->object;
 		}
@@ -176,15 +225,22 @@ struct object *parse_object_buffer(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type t
 			obj = &tag->object;
 		}
 	} else {
-		warning("object %s has unknown type id %d\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), type);
+		warning("object %s has unknown type id %d", sha1_to_hex(sha1), type);
 		obj = NULL;
 	}
-	if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_NONE)
-		obj->type = type;
-	*eaten_p = eaten;
 	return obj;
 }
 
+struct object *parse_object_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   const char *name)
+{
+	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
+	if (o)
+		return o;
+
+	die(_("unable to parse object: %s"), name ? name : sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+}
+
 struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned long size;
@@ -198,11 +254,22 @@ struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (obj && obj->parsed)
 		return obj;
 
+	if ((obj && obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) ||
+	    (!obj && has_sha1_file(sha1) &&
+	     sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)) {
+		if (check_sha1_signature(repl, NULL, 0, NULL) < 0) {
+			error("sha1 mismatch %s", sha1_to_hex(repl));
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		parse_blob_buffer(lookup_blob(sha1), NULL, 0);
+		return lookup_object(sha1);
+	}
+
 	buffer = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
 	if (buffer) {
 		if (check_sha1_signature(repl, buffer, size, typename(type)) < 0) {
 			free(buffer);
-			error("sha1 mismatch %s\n", sha1_to_hex(repl));
+			error("sha1 mismatch %s", sha1_to_hex(repl));
 			return NULL;
 		}
 
@@ -234,44 +301,126 @@ int object_list_contains(struct object_list *list, struct object *obj)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array)
-{
-	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, array, S_IFINVALID);
-}
+/*
+ * A zero-length string to which object_array_entry::name can be
+ * initialized without requiring a malloc/free.
+ */
+static char object_array_slopbuf[1];
 
-void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode)
+void add_object_array_with_path(struct object *obj, const char *name,
+				struct object_array *array,
+				unsigned mode, const char *path)
 {
 	unsigned nr = array->nr;
 	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
 	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+	struct object_array_entry *entry;
 
 	if (nr >= alloc) {
 		alloc = (alloc + 32) * 2;
-		objects = xrealloc(objects, alloc * sizeof(*objects));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(objects, alloc);
 		array->alloc = alloc;
 		array->objects = objects;
 	}
-	objects[nr].item = obj;
-	objects[nr].name = name;
-	objects[nr].mode = mode;
+	entry = &objects[nr];
+	entry->item = obj;
+	if (!name)
+		entry->name = NULL;
+	else if (!*name)
+		/* Use our own empty string instead of allocating one: */
+		entry->name = object_array_slopbuf;
+	else
+		entry->name = xstrdup(name);
+	entry->mode = mode;
+	if (path)
+		entry->path = xstrdup(path);
+	else
+		entry->path = NULL;
 	array->nr = ++nr;
 }
 
-void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array)
+void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array)
 {
-	unsigned int ref, src, dst;
+	add_object_array_with_path(obj, name, array, S_IFINVALID, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Free all memory associated with an entry; the result is
+ * in an unspecified state and should not be examined.
+ */
+static void object_array_release_entry(struct object_array_entry *ent)
+{
+	if (ent->name != object_array_slopbuf)
+		free(ent->name);
+	free(ent->path);
+}
+
+void object_array_filter(struct object_array *array,
+			 object_array_each_func_t want, void *cb_data)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, src, dst;
 	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
 
-	for (ref = 0; ref + 1 < array->nr; ref++) {
-		for (src = ref + 1, dst = src;
-		     src < array->nr;
-		     src++) {
-			if (!strcmp(objects[ref].name, objects[src].name))
-				continue;
+	for (src = dst = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		if (want(&objects[src], cb_data)) {
 			if (src != dst)
 				objects[dst] = objects[src];
 			dst++;
+		} else {
+			object_array_release_entry(&objects[src]);
+		}
+	}
+	array->nr = dst;
+}
+
+void object_array_clear(struct object_array *array)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++)
+		object_array_release_entry(&array->objects[i]);
+	free(array->objects);
+	array->objects = NULL;
+	array->nr = array->alloc = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff array already contains an entry with name.
+ */
+static int contains_name(struct object_array *array, const char *name)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, i;
+	struct object_array_entry *object = array->objects;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++, object++)
+		if (!strcmp(object->name, name))
+			return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array)
+{
+	unsigned nr = array->nr, src;
+	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+
+	array->nr = 0;
+	for (src = 0; src < nr; src++) {
+		if (!contains_name(array, objects[src].name)) {
+			if (src != array->nr)
+				objects[array->nr] = objects[src];
+			array->nr++;
+		} else {
+			object_array_release_entry(&objects[src]);
 		}
-		array->nr = dst;
+	}
+}
+
+void clear_object_flags(unsigned flags)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i=0; i < obj_hash_size; i++) {
+		struct object *obj = obj_hash[i];
+		if (obj)
+			obj->flags &= ~flags;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/object.h b/object.h
index b6618d92bf..6416247def 100644
--- a/object.h
+++ b/object.h
@@ -11,7 +11,14 @@ struct object_array {
 	unsigned int alloc;
 	struct object_array_entry {
 		struct object *item;
-		const char *name;
+		/*
+		 * name or NULL.  If non-NULL, the memory pointed to
+		 * is owned by this object *except* if it points at
+		 * object_array_slopbuf, which is a static copy of the
+		 * empty string.
+		 */
+		char *name;
+		char *path;
 		unsigned mode;
 	} *objects;
 };
@@ -19,6 +26,19 @@ struct object_array {
 #define OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT { 0, 0, NULL }
 
 #define TYPE_BITS   3
+/*
+ * object flag allocation:
+ * revision.h:      0---------10                                26
+ * fetch-pack.c:    0---4
+ * walker.c:        0-2
+ * upload-pack.c:               11----------------19
+ * builtin/blame.c:               12-13
+ * bisect.c:                               16
+ * bundle.c:                               16
+ * http-push.c:                            16-----19
+ * commit.c:                               16-----19
+ * sha1_name.c:                                     20
+ */
 #define FLAG_BITS  27
 
 /*
@@ -33,9 +53,17 @@ struct object {
 };
 
 extern const char *typename(unsigned int type);
-extern int type_from_string(const char *str);
+extern int type_from_string_gently(const char *str, ssize_t, int gentle);
+#define type_from_string(str) type_from_string_gently(str, -1, 0)
 
+/*
+ * Return the current number of buckets in the object hashmap.
+ */
 extern unsigned int get_max_object_index(void);
+
+/*
+ * Return the object from the specified bucket in the object hashmap.
+ */
 extern struct object *get_indexed_object(unsigned int);
 
 /*
@@ -52,11 +80,24 @@ extern struct object *get_indexed_object(unsigned int);
  */
 struct object *lookup_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
-extern void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int type, void *obj);
+extern void *create_object(const unsigned char *sha1, void *obj);
 
-/** Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is. **/
+void *object_as_type(struct object *obj, enum object_type type, int quiet);
+
+/*
+ * Returns the object, having parsed it to find out what it is.
+ *
+ * Returns NULL if the object is missing or corrupt.
+ */
 struct object *parse_object(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
+/*
+ * Like parse_object, but will die() instead of returning NULL. If the
+ * "name" parameter is not NULL, it is included in the error message
+ * (otherwise, the sha1 hex is given).
+ */
+struct object *parse_object_or_die(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *name);
+
 /* Given the result of read_sha1_file(), returns the object after
  * parsing it.  eaten_p indicates if the object has a borrowed copy
  * of buffer and the caller should not free() it.
@@ -73,7 +114,30 @@ int object_list_contains(struct object_list *list, struct object *obj);
 
 /* Object array handling .. */
 void add_object_array(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array);
-void add_object_array_with_mode(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode);
-void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *);
+void add_object_array_with_path(struct object *obj, const char *name, struct object_array *array, unsigned mode, const char *path);
+
+typedef int (*object_array_each_func_t)(struct object_array_entry *, void *);
+
+/*
+ * Apply want to each entry in array, retaining only the entries for
+ * which the function returns true.  Preserve the order of the entries
+ * that are retained.
+ */
+void object_array_filter(struct object_array *array,
+			 object_array_each_func_t want, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * Remove from array all but the first entry with a given name.
+ * Warning: this function uses an O(N^2) algorithm.
+ */
+void object_array_remove_duplicates(struct object_array *array);
+
+/*
+ * Remove any objects from the array, freeing all used memory; afterwards
+ * the array is ready to store more objects with add_object_array().
+ */
+void object_array_clear(struct object_array *array);
+
+void clear_object_flags(unsigned flags);
 
 #endif /* OBJECT_H */
diff --git a/pack-bitmap-write.c b/pack-bitmap-write.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c05d1386af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-bitmap-write.c
@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "pack-revindex.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-bitmap.h"
+#include "sha1-lookup.h"
+#include "pack-objects.h"
+
+struct bitmapped_commit {
+	struct commit *commit;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *write_as;
+	int flags;
+	int xor_offset;
+	uint32_t commit_pos;
+};
+
+struct bitmap_writer {
+	struct ewah_bitmap *commits;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *trees;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *blobs;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *tags;
+
+	khash_sha1 *bitmaps;
+	khash_sha1 *reused;
+	struct packing_data *to_pack;
+
+	struct bitmapped_commit *selected;
+	unsigned int selected_nr, selected_alloc;
+
+	struct progress *progress;
+	int show_progress;
+	unsigned char pack_checksum[20];
+};
+
+static struct bitmap_writer writer;
+
+void bitmap_writer_show_progress(int show)
+{
+	writer.show_progress = show;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the initial type index for the packfile
+ */
+void bitmap_writer_build_type_index(struct pack_idx_entry **index,
+				    uint32_t index_nr)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	writer.commits = ewah_new();
+	writer.trees = ewah_new();
+	writer.blobs = ewah_new();
+	writer.tags = ewah_new();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < index_nr; ++i) {
+		struct object_entry *entry = (struct object_entry *)index[i];
+		enum object_type real_type;
+
+		entry->in_pack_pos = i;
+
+		switch (entry->type) {
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		case OBJ_TREE:
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+		case OBJ_TAG:
+			real_type = entry->type;
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			real_type = sha1_object_info(entry->idx.sha1, NULL);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		switch (real_type) {
+		case OBJ_COMMIT:
+			ewah_set(writer.commits, i);
+			break;
+
+		case OBJ_TREE:
+			ewah_set(writer.trees, i);
+			break;
+
+		case OBJ_BLOB:
+			ewah_set(writer.blobs, i);
+			break;
+
+		case OBJ_TAG:
+			ewah_set(writer.tags, i);
+			break;
+
+		default:
+			die("Missing type information for %s (%d/%d)",
+			    sha1_to_hex(entry->idx.sha1), real_type, entry->type);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Compute the actual bitmaps
+ */
+static struct object **seen_objects;
+static unsigned int seen_objects_nr, seen_objects_alloc;
+
+static inline void push_bitmapped_commit(struct commit *commit, struct ewah_bitmap *reused)
+{
+	if (writer.selected_nr >= writer.selected_alloc) {
+		writer.selected_alloc = (writer.selected_alloc + 32) * 2;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(writer.selected, writer.selected_alloc);
+	}
+
+	writer.selected[writer.selected_nr].commit = commit;
+	writer.selected[writer.selected_nr].bitmap = reused;
+	writer.selected[writer.selected_nr].flags = 0;
+
+	writer.selected_nr++;
+}
+
+static inline void mark_as_seen(struct object *object)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(seen_objects, seen_objects_nr + 1, seen_objects_alloc);
+	seen_objects[seen_objects_nr++] = object;
+}
+
+static inline void reset_all_seen(void)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < seen_objects_nr; ++i) {
+		seen_objects[i]->flags &= ~(SEEN | ADDED | SHOWN);
+	}
+	seen_objects_nr = 0;
+}
+
+static uint32_t find_object_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_entry *entry = packlist_find(writer.to_pack, sha1, NULL);
+
+	if (!entry) {
+		die("Failed to write bitmap index. Packfile doesn't have full closure "
+			"(object %s is missing)", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+
+	return entry->in_pack_pos;
+}
+
+static void show_object(struct object *object, const struct name_path *path,
+			const char *last, void *data)
+{
+	struct bitmap *base = data;
+	bitmap_set(base, find_object_pos(object->sha1));
+	mark_as_seen(object);
+}
+
+static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	mark_as_seen((struct object *)commit);
+}
+
+static int
+add_to_include_set(struct bitmap *base, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+	uint32_t bitmap_pos = find_object_pos(commit->object.sha1);
+
+	if (bitmap_get(base, bitmap_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	hash_pos = kh_get_sha1(writer.bitmaps, commit->object.sha1);
+	if (hash_pos < kh_end(writer.bitmaps)) {
+		struct bitmapped_commit *bc = kh_value(writer.bitmaps, hash_pos);
+		bitmap_or_ewah(base, bc->bitmap);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	bitmap_set(base, bitmap_pos);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int
+should_include(struct commit *commit, void *_data)
+{
+	struct bitmap *base = _data;
+
+	if (!add_to_include_set(base, commit)) {
+		struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
+
+		mark_as_seen((struct object *)commit);
+
+		while (parent) {
+			parent->item->object.flags |= SEEN;
+			mark_as_seen((struct object *)parent->item);
+			parent = parent->next;
+		}
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void compute_xor_offsets(void)
+{
+	static const int MAX_XOR_OFFSET_SEARCH = 10;
+
+	int i, next = 0;
+
+	while (next < writer.selected_nr) {
+		struct bitmapped_commit *stored = &writer.selected[next];
+
+		int best_offset = 0;
+		struct ewah_bitmap *best_bitmap = stored->bitmap;
+		struct ewah_bitmap *test_xor;
+
+		for (i = 1; i <= MAX_XOR_OFFSET_SEARCH; ++i) {
+			int curr = next - i;
+
+			if (curr < 0)
+				break;
+
+			test_xor = ewah_pool_new();
+			ewah_xor(writer.selected[curr].bitmap, stored->bitmap, test_xor);
+
+			if (test_xor->buffer_size < best_bitmap->buffer_size) {
+				if (best_bitmap != stored->bitmap)
+					ewah_pool_free(best_bitmap);
+
+				best_bitmap = test_xor;
+				best_offset = i;
+			} else {
+				ewah_pool_free(test_xor);
+			}
+		}
+
+		stored->xor_offset = best_offset;
+		stored->write_as = best_bitmap;
+
+		next++;
+	}
+}
+
+void bitmap_writer_build(struct packing_data *to_pack)
+{
+	static const double REUSE_BITMAP_THRESHOLD = 0.2;
+
+	int i, reuse_after, need_reset;
+	struct bitmap *base = bitmap_new();
+	struct rev_info revs;
+
+	writer.bitmaps = kh_init_sha1();
+	writer.to_pack = to_pack;
+
+	if (writer.show_progress)
+		writer.progress = start_progress("Building bitmaps", writer.selected_nr);
+
+	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
+	revs.tag_objects = 1;
+	revs.tree_objects = 1;
+	revs.blob_objects = 1;
+	revs.no_walk = 0;
+
+	revs.include_check = should_include;
+	reset_revision_walk();
+
+	reuse_after = writer.selected_nr * REUSE_BITMAP_THRESHOLD;
+	need_reset = 0;
+
+	for (i = writer.selected_nr - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+		struct bitmapped_commit *stored;
+		struct object *object;
+
+		khiter_t hash_pos;
+		int hash_ret;
+
+		stored = &writer.selected[i];
+		object = (struct object *)stored->commit;
+
+		if (stored->bitmap == NULL) {
+			if (i < writer.selected_nr - 1 &&
+			    (need_reset ||
+			     !in_merge_bases(writer.selected[i + 1].commit,
+					     stored->commit))) {
+			    bitmap_reset(base);
+			    reset_all_seen();
+			}
+
+			add_pending_object(&revs, object, "");
+			revs.include_check_data = base;
+
+			if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+				die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+			traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, base);
+
+			revs.pending.nr = 0;
+			revs.pending.alloc = 0;
+			revs.pending.objects = NULL;
+
+			stored->bitmap = bitmap_to_ewah(base);
+			need_reset = 0;
+		} else
+			need_reset = 1;
+
+		if (i >= reuse_after)
+			stored->flags |= BITMAP_FLAG_REUSE;
+
+		hash_pos = kh_put_sha1(writer.bitmaps, object->sha1, &hash_ret);
+		if (hash_ret == 0)
+			die("Duplicate entry when writing index: %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+
+		kh_value(writer.bitmaps, hash_pos) = stored;
+		display_progress(writer.progress, writer.selected_nr - i);
+	}
+
+	bitmap_free(base);
+	stop_progress(&writer.progress);
+
+	compute_xor_offsets();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Select the commits that will be bitmapped
+ */
+static inline unsigned int next_commit_index(unsigned int idx)
+{
+	static const unsigned int MIN_COMMITS = 100;
+	static const unsigned int MAX_COMMITS = 5000;
+
+	static const unsigned int MUST_REGION = 100;
+	static const unsigned int MIN_REGION = 20000;
+
+	unsigned int offset, next;
+
+	if (idx <= MUST_REGION)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (idx <= MIN_REGION) {
+		offset = idx - MUST_REGION;
+		return (offset < MIN_COMMITS) ? offset : MIN_COMMITS;
+	}
+
+	offset = idx - MIN_REGION;
+	next = (offset < MAX_COMMITS) ? offset : MAX_COMMITS;
+
+	return (next > MIN_COMMITS) ? next : MIN_COMMITS;
+}
+
+static int date_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	struct commit *a = *(struct commit **)_a;
+	struct commit *b = *(struct commit **)_b;
+	return (long)b->date - (long)a->date;
+}
+
+void bitmap_writer_reuse_bitmaps(struct packing_data *to_pack)
+{
+	if (prepare_bitmap_git() < 0)
+		return;
+
+	writer.reused = kh_init_sha1();
+	rebuild_existing_bitmaps(to_pack, writer.reused, writer.show_progress);
+}
+
+static struct ewah_bitmap *find_reused_bitmap(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+
+	if (!writer.reused)
+		return NULL;
+
+	hash_pos = kh_get_sha1(writer.reused, sha1);
+	if (hash_pos >= kh_end(writer.reused))
+		return NULL;
+
+	return kh_value(writer.reused, hash_pos);
+}
+
+void bitmap_writer_select_commits(struct commit **indexed_commits,
+				  unsigned int indexed_commits_nr,
+				  int max_bitmaps)
+{
+	unsigned int i = 0, j, next;
+
+	qsort(indexed_commits, indexed_commits_nr, sizeof(indexed_commits[0]),
+	      date_compare);
+
+	if (writer.show_progress)
+		writer.progress = start_progress("Selecting bitmap commits", 0);
+
+	if (indexed_commits_nr < 100) {
+		for (i = 0; i < indexed_commits_nr; ++i)
+			push_bitmapped_commit(indexed_commits[i], NULL);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (;;) {
+		struct ewah_bitmap *reused_bitmap = NULL;
+		struct commit *chosen = NULL;
+
+		next = next_commit_index(i);
+
+		if (i + next >= indexed_commits_nr)
+			break;
+
+		if (max_bitmaps > 0 && writer.selected_nr >= max_bitmaps) {
+			writer.selected_nr = max_bitmaps;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (next == 0) {
+			chosen = indexed_commits[i];
+			reused_bitmap = find_reused_bitmap(chosen->object.sha1);
+		} else {
+			chosen = indexed_commits[i + next];
+
+			for (j = 0; j <= next; ++j) {
+				struct commit *cm = indexed_commits[i + j];
+
+				reused_bitmap = find_reused_bitmap(cm->object.sha1);
+				if (reused_bitmap || (cm->object.flags & NEEDS_BITMAP) != 0) {
+					chosen = cm;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				if (cm->parents && cm->parents->next)
+					chosen = cm;
+			}
+		}
+
+		push_bitmapped_commit(chosen, reused_bitmap);
+
+		i += next + 1;
+		display_progress(writer.progress, i);
+	}
+
+	stop_progress(&writer.progress);
+}
+
+
+static int sha1write_ewah_helper(void *f, const void *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	/* sha1write will die on error */
+	sha1write(f, buf, len);
+	return len;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write the bitmap index to disk
+ */
+static inline void dump_bitmap(struct sha1file *f, struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap)
+{
+	if (ewah_serialize_to(bitmap, sha1write_ewah_helper, f) < 0)
+		die("Failed to write bitmap index");
+}
+
+static const unsigned char *sha1_access(size_t pos, void *table)
+{
+	struct pack_idx_entry **index = table;
+	return index[pos]->sha1;
+}
+
+static void write_selected_commits_v1(struct sha1file *f,
+				      struct pack_idx_entry **index,
+				      uint32_t index_nr)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < writer.selected_nr; ++i) {
+		struct bitmapped_commit *stored = &writer.selected[i];
+
+		int commit_pos =
+			sha1_pos(stored->commit->object.sha1, index, index_nr, sha1_access);
+
+		if (commit_pos < 0)
+			die("BUG: trying to write commit not in index");
+
+		sha1write_be32(f, commit_pos);
+		sha1write_u8(f, stored->xor_offset);
+		sha1write_u8(f, stored->flags);
+
+		dump_bitmap(f, stored->write_as);
+	}
+}
+
+static void write_hash_cache(struct sha1file *f,
+			     struct pack_idx_entry **index,
+			     uint32_t index_nr)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < index_nr; ++i) {
+		struct object_entry *entry = (struct object_entry *)index[i];
+		uint32_t hash_value = htonl(entry->hash);
+		sha1write(f, &hash_value, sizeof(hash_value));
+	}
+}
+
+void bitmap_writer_set_checksum(unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	hashcpy(writer.pack_checksum, sha1);
+}
+
+void bitmap_writer_finish(struct pack_idx_entry **index,
+			  uint32_t index_nr,
+			  const char *filename,
+			  uint16_t options)
+{
+	static char tmp_file[PATH_MAX];
+	static uint16_t default_version = 1;
+	static uint16_t flags = BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG;
+	struct sha1file *f;
+
+	struct bitmap_disk_header header;
+
+	int fd = odb_mkstemp(tmp_file, sizeof(tmp_file), "pack/tmp_bitmap_XXXXXX");
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno("unable to create '%s'", tmp_file);
+	f = sha1fd(fd, tmp_file);
+
+	memcpy(header.magic, BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE, sizeof(BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE));
+	header.version = htons(default_version);
+	header.options = htons(flags | options);
+	header.entry_count = htonl(writer.selected_nr);
+	hashcpy(header.checksum, writer.pack_checksum);
+
+	sha1write(f, &header, sizeof(header));
+	dump_bitmap(f, writer.commits);
+	dump_bitmap(f, writer.trees);
+	dump_bitmap(f, writer.blobs);
+	dump_bitmap(f, writer.tags);
+	write_selected_commits_v1(f, index, index_nr);
+
+	if (options & BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE)
+		write_hash_cache(f, index, index_nr);
+
+	sha1close(f, NULL, CSUM_FSYNC);
+
+	if (adjust_shared_perm(tmp_file))
+		die_errno("unable to make temporary bitmap file readable");
+
+	if (rename(tmp_file, filename))
+		die_errno("unable to rename temporary bitmap file to '%s'", filename);
+}
diff --git a/pack-bitmap.c b/pack-bitmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..365f9d92ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-bitmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1081 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "tag.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-bitmap.h"
+#include "pack-revindex.h"
+#include "pack-objects.h"
+
+/*
+ * An entry on the bitmap index, representing the bitmap for a given
+ * commit.
+ */
+struct stored_bitmap {
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	struct ewah_bitmap *root;
+	struct stored_bitmap *xor;
+	int flags;
+};
+
+/*
+ * The currently active bitmap index. By design, repositories only have
+ * a single bitmap index available (the index for the biggest packfile in
+ * the repository), since bitmap indexes need full closure.
+ *
+ * If there is more than one bitmap index available (e.g. because of alternates),
+ * the active bitmap index is the largest one.
+ */
+static struct bitmap_index {
+	/* Packfile to which this bitmap index belongs to */
+	struct packed_git *pack;
+
+	/* reverse index for the packfile */
+	struct pack_revindex *reverse_index;
+
+	/*
+	 * Mark the first `reuse_objects` in the packfile as reused:
+	 * they will be sent as-is without using them for repacking
+	 * calculations
+	 */
+	uint32_t reuse_objects;
+
+	/* mmapped buffer of the whole bitmap index */
+	unsigned char *map;
+	size_t map_size; /* size of the mmaped buffer */
+	size_t map_pos; /* current position when loading the index */
+
+	/*
+	 * Type indexes.
+	 *
+	 * Each bitmap marks which objects in the packfile  are of the given
+	 * type. This provides type information when yielding the objects from
+	 * the packfile during a walk, which allows for better delta bases.
+	 */
+	struct ewah_bitmap *commits;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *trees;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *blobs;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *tags;
+
+	/* Map from SHA1 -> `stored_bitmap` for all the bitmapped commits */
+	khash_sha1 *bitmaps;
+
+	/* Number of bitmapped commits */
+	uint32_t entry_count;
+
+	/* Name-hash cache (or NULL if not present). */
+	uint32_t *hashes;
+
+	/*
+	 * Extended index.
+	 *
+	 * When trying to perform bitmap operations with objects that are not
+	 * packed in `pack`, these objects are added to this "fake index" and
+	 * are assumed to appear at the end of the packfile for all operations
+	 */
+	struct eindex {
+		struct object **objects;
+		uint32_t *hashes;
+		uint32_t count, alloc;
+		khash_sha1_pos *positions;
+	} ext_index;
+
+	/* Bitmap result of the last performed walk */
+	struct bitmap *result;
+
+	/* Version of the bitmap index */
+	unsigned int version;
+
+	unsigned loaded : 1;
+
+} bitmap_git;
+
+static struct ewah_bitmap *lookup_stored_bitmap(struct stored_bitmap *st)
+{
+	struct ewah_bitmap *parent;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *composed;
+
+	if (st->xor == NULL)
+		return st->root;
+
+	composed = ewah_pool_new();
+	parent = lookup_stored_bitmap(st->xor);
+	ewah_xor(st->root, parent, composed);
+
+	ewah_pool_free(st->root);
+	st->root = composed;
+	st->xor = NULL;
+
+	return composed;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read a bitmap from the current read position on the mmaped
+ * index, and increase the read position accordingly
+ */
+static struct ewah_bitmap *read_bitmap_1(struct bitmap_index *index)
+{
+	struct ewah_bitmap *b = ewah_pool_new();
+
+	int bitmap_size = ewah_read_mmap(b,
+		index->map + index->map_pos,
+		index->map_size - index->map_pos);
+
+	if (bitmap_size < 0) {
+		error("Failed to load bitmap index (corrupted?)");
+		ewah_pool_free(b);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	index->map_pos += bitmap_size;
+	return b;
+}
+
+static int load_bitmap_header(struct bitmap_index *index)
+{
+	struct bitmap_disk_header *header = (void *)index->map;
+
+	if (index->map_size < sizeof(*header) + 20)
+		return error("Corrupted bitmap index (missing header data)");
+
+	if (memcmp(header->magic, BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE, sizeof(BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE)) != 0)
+		return error("Corrupted bitmap index file (wrong header)");
+
+	index->version = ntohs(header->version);
+	if (index->version != 1)
+		return error("Unsupported version for bitmap index file (%d)", index->version);
+
+	/* Parse known bitmap format options */
+	{
+		uint32_t flags = ntohs(header->options);
+
+		if ((flags & BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG) == 0)
+			return error("Unsupported options for bitmap index file "
+				"(Git requires BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG)");
+
+		if (flags & BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE) {
+			unsigned char *end = index->map + index->map_size - 20;
+			index->hashes = ((uint32_t *)end) - index->pack->num_objects;
+		}
+	}
+
+	index->entry_count = ntohl(header->entry_count);
+	index->map_pos += sizeof(*header);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct stored_bitmap *store_bitmap(struct bitmap_index *index,
+					  struct ewah_bitmap *root,
+					  const unsigned char *sha1,
+					  struct stored_bitmap *xor_with,
+					  int flags)
+{
+	struct stored_bitmap *stored;
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+	int ret;
+
+	stored = xmalloc(sizeof(struct stored_bitmap));
+	stored->root = root;
+	stored->xor = xor_with;
+	stored->flags = flags;
+	hashcpy(stored->sha1, sha1);
+
+	hash_pos = kh_put_sha1(index->bitmaps, stored->sha1, &ret);
+
+	/* a 0 return code means the insertion succeeded with no changes,
+	 * because the SHA1 already existed on the map. this is bad, there
+	 * shouldn't be duplicated commits in the index */
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		error("Duplicate entry in bitmap index: %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	kh_value(index->bitmaps, hash_pos) = stored;
+	return stored;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t read_be32(const unsigned char *buffer, size_t *pos)
+{
+	uint32_t result = get_be32(buffer + *pos);
+	(*pos) += sizeof(result);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t read_u8(const unsigned char *buffer, size_t *pos)
+{
+	return buffer[(*pos)++];
+}
+
+static int load_bitmap_entries_v1(struct bitmap_index *index)
+{
+	static const size_t MAX_XOR_OFFSET = 160;
+
+	uint32_t i;
+	struct stored_bitmap **recent_bitmaps;
+
+	recent_bitmaps = xcalloc(MAX_XOR_OFFSET, sizeof(struct stored_bitmap));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < index->entry_count; ++i) {
+		int xor_offset, flags;
+		struct ewah_bitmap *bitmap = NULL;
+		struct stored_bitmap *xor_bitmap = NULL;
+		uint32_t commit_idx_pos;
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+
+		commit_idx_pos = read_be32(index->map, &index->map_pos);
+		xor_offset = read_u8(index->map, &index->map_pos);
+		flags = read_u8(index->map, &index->map_pos);
+
+		sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(index->pack, commit_idx_pos);
+
+		bitmap = read_bitmap_1(index);
+		if (!bitmap)
+			return -1;
+
+		if (xor_offset > MAX_XOR_OFFSET || xor_offset > i)
+			return error("Corrupted bitmap pack index");
+
+		if (xor_offset > 0) {
+			xor_bitmap = recent_bitmaps[(i - xor_offset) % MAX_XOR_OFFSET];
+
+			if (xor_bitmap == NULL)
+				return error("Invalid XOR offset in bitmap pack index");
+		}
+
+		recent_bitmaps[i % MAX_XOR_OFFSET] = store_bitmap(
+			index, bitmap, sha1, xor_bitmap, flags);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static char *pack_bitmap_filename(struct packed_git *p)
+{
+	char *idx_name;
+	int len;
+
+	len = strlen(p->pack_name) - strlen(".pack");
+	idx_name = xmalloc(len + strlen(".bitmap") + 1);
+
+	memcpy(idx_name, p->pack_name, len);
+	memcpy(idx_name + len, ".bitmap", strlen(".bitmap") + 1);
+
+	return idx_name;
+}
+
+static int open_pack_bitmap_1(struct packed_git *packfile)
+{
+	int fd;
+	struct stat st;
+	char *idx_name;
+
+	if (open_pack_index(packfile))
+		return -1;
+
+	idx_name = pack_bitmap_filename(packfile);
+	fd = git_open_noatime(idx_name);
+	free(idx_name);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
+		close(fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (bitmap_git.pack) {
+		warning("ignoring extra bitmap file: %s", packfile->pack_name);
+		close(fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	bitmap_git.pack = packfile;
+	bitmap_git.map_size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
+	bitmap_git.map = xmmap(NULL, bitmap_git.map_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
+	bitmap_git.map_pos = 0;
+	close(fd);
+
+	if (load_bitmap_header(&bitmap_git) < 0) {
+		munmap(bitmap_git.map, bitmap_git.map_size);
+		bitmap_git.map = NULL;
+		bitmap_git.map_size = 0;
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int load_pack_bitmap(void)
+{
+	assert(bitmap_git.map && !bitmap_git.loaded);
+
+	bitmap_git.bitmaps = kh_init_sha1();
+	bitmap_git.ext_index.positions = kh_init_sha1_pos();
+	bitmap_git.reverse_index = revindex_for_pack(bitmap_git.pack);
+
+	if (!(bitmap_git.commits = read_bitmap_1(&bitmap_git)) ||
+		!(bitmap_git.trees = read_bitmap_1(&bitmap_git)) ||
+		!(bitmap_git.blobs = read_bitmap_1(&bitmap_git)) ||
+		!(bitmap_git.tags = read_bitmap_1(&bitmap_git)))
+		goto failed;
+
+	if (load_bitmap_entries_v1(&bitmap_git) < 0)
+		goto failed;
+
+	bitmap_git.loaded = 1;
+	return 0;
+
+failed:
+	munmap(bitmap_git.map, bitmap_git.map_size);
+	bitmap_git.map = NULL;
+	bitmap_git.map_size = 0;
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int open_pack_bitmap(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	assert(!bitmap_git.map && !bitmap_git.loaded);
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (open_pack_bitmap_1(p) == 0)
+			ret = 0;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int prepare_bitmap_git(void)
+{
+	if (bitmap_git.loaded)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!open_pack_bitmap())
+		return load_pack_bitmap();
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+struct include_data {
+	struct bitmap *base;
+	struct bitmap *seen;
+};
+
+static inline int bitmap_position_extended(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	khash_sha1_pos *positions = bitmap_git.ext_index.positions;
+	khiter_t pos = kh_get_sha1_pos(positions, sha1);
+
+	if (pos < kh_end(positions)) {
+		int bitmap_pos = kh_value(positions, pos);
+		return bitmap_pos + bitmap_git.pack->num_objects;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static inline int bitmap_position_packfile(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	off_t offset = find_pack_entry_one(sha1, bitmap_git.pack);
+	if (!offset)
+		return -1;
+
+	return find_revindex_position(bitmap_git.reverse_index, offset);
+}
+
+static int bitmap_position(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	int pos = bitmap_position_packfile(sha1);
+	return (pos >= 0) ? pos : bitmap_position_extended(sha1);
+}
+
+static int ext_index_add_object(struct object *object, const char *name)
+{
+	struct eindex *eindex = &bitmap_git.ext_index;
+
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+	int hash_ret;
+	int bitmap_pos;
+
+	hash_pos = kh_put_sha1_pos(eindex->positions, object->sha1, &hash_ret);
+	if (hash_ret > 0) {
+		if (eindex->count >= eindex->alloc) {
+			eindex->alloc = (eindex->alloc + 16) * 3 / 2;
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(eindex->objects, eindex->alloc);
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(eindex->hashes, eindex->alloc);
+		}
+
+		bitmap_pos = eindex->count;
+		eindex->objects[eindex->count] = object;
+		eindex->hashes[eindex->count] = pack_name_hash(name);
+		kh_value(eindex->positions, hash_pos) = bitmap_pos;
+		eindex->count++;
+	} else {
+		bitmap_pos = kh_value(eindex->positions, hash_pos);
+	}
+
+	return bitmap_pos + bitmap_git.pack->num_objects;
+}
+
+static void show_object(struct object *object, const struct name_path *path,
+			const char *last, void *data)
+{
+	struct bitmap *base = data;
+	int bitmap_pos;
+
+	bitmap_pos = bitmap_position(object->sha1);
+
+	if (bitmap_pos < 0) {
+		char *name = path_name(path, last);
+		bitmap_pos = ext_index_add_object(object, name);
+		free(name);
+	}
+
+	bitmap_set(base, bitmap_pos);
+}
+
+static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+}
+
+static int add_to_include_set(struct include_data *data,
+			      const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      int bitmap_pos)
+{
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+
+	if (data->seen && bitmap_get(data->seen, bitmap_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (bitmap_get(data->base, bitmap_pos))
+		return 0;
+
+	hash_pos = kh_get_sha1(bitmap_git.bitmaps, sha1);
+	if (hash_pos < kh_end(bitmap_git.bitmaps)) {
+		struct stored_bitmap *st = kh_value(bitmap_git.bitmaps, hash_pos);
+		bitmap_or_ewah(data->base, lookup_stored_bitmap(st));
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	bitmap_set(data->base, bitmap_pos);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int should_include(struct commit *commit, void *_data)
+{
+	struct include_data *data = _data;
+	int bitmap_pos;
+
+	bitmap_pos = bitmap_position(commit->object.sha1);
+	if (bitmap_pos < 0)
+		bitmap_pos = ext_index_add_object((struct object *)commit, NULL);
+
+	if (!add_to_include_set(data, commit->object.sha1, bitmap_pos)) {
+		struct commit_list *parent = commit->parents;
+
+		while (parent) {
+			parent->item->object.flags |= SEEN;
+			parent = parent->next;
+		}
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static struct bitmap *find_objects(struct rev_info *revs,
+				   struct object_list *roots,
+				   struct bitmap *seen)
+{
+	struct bitmap *base = NULL;
+	int needs_walk = 0;
+
+	struct object_list *not_mapped = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Go through all the roots for the walk. The ones that have bitmaps
+	 * on the bitmap index will be `or`ed together to form an initial
+	 * global reachability analysis.
+	 *
+	 * The ones without bitmaps in the index will be stored in the
+	 * `not_mapped_list` for further processing.
+	 */
+	while (roots) {
+		struct object *object = roots->item;
+		roots = roots->next;
+
+		if (object->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
+			khiter_t pos = kh_get_sha1(bitmap_git.bitmaps, object->sha1);
+
+			if (pos < kh_end(bitmap_git.bitmaps)) {
+				struct stored_bitmap *st = kh_value(bitmap_git.bitmaps, pos);
+				struct ewah_bitmap *or_with = lookup_stored_bitmap(st);
+
+				if (base == NULL)
+					base = ewah_to_bitmap(or_with);
+				else
+					bitmap_or_ewah(base, or_with);
+
+				object->flags |= SEEN;
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		object_list_insert(object, &not_mapped);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Best case scenario: We found bitmaps for all the roots,
+	 * so the resulting `or` bitmap has the full reachability analysis
+	 */
+	if (not_mapped == NULL)
+		return base;
+
+	roots = not_mapped;
+
+	/*
+	 * Let's iterate through all the roots that don't have bitmaps to
+	 * check if we can determine them to be reachable from the existing
+	 * global bitmap.
+	 *
+	 * If we cannot find them in the existing global bitmap, we'll need
+	 * to push them to an actual walk and run it until we can confirm
+	 * they are reachable
+	 */
+	while (roots) {
+		struct object *object = roots->item;
+		int pos;
+
+		roots = roots->next;
+		pos = bitmap_position(object->sha1);
+
+		if (pos < 0 || base == NULL || !bitmap_get(base, pos)) {
+			object->flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
+			add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+			needs_walk = 1;
+		} else {
+			object->flags |= SEEN;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (needs_walk) {
+		struct include_data incdata;
+
+		if (base == NULL)
+			base = bitmap_new();
+
+		incdata.base = base;
+		incdata.seen = seen;
+
+		revs->include_check = should_include;
+		revs->include_check_data = &incdata;
+
+		if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
+			die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+		traverse_commit_list(revs, show_commit, show_object, base);
+	}
+
+	return base;
+}
+
+static void show_extended_objects(struct bitmap *objects,
+				  show_reachable_fn show_reach)
+{
+	struct eindex *eindex = &bitmap_git.ext_index;
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < eindex->count; ++i) {
+		struct object *obj;
+
+		if (!bitmap_get(objects, bitmap_git.pack->num_objects + i))
+			continue;
+
+		obj = eindex->objects[i];
+		show_reach(obj->sha1, obj->type, 0, eindex->hashes[i], NULL, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_objects_for_type(
+	struct bitmap *objects,
+	struct ewah_bitmap *type_filter,
+	enum object_type object_type,
+	show_reachable_fn show_reach)
+{
+	size_t pos = 0, i = 0;
+	uint32_t offset;
+
+	struct ewah_iterator it;
+	eword_t filter;
+
+	if (bitmap_git.reuse_objects == bitmap_git.pack->num_objects)
+		return;
+
+	ewah_iterator_init(&it, type_filter);
+
+	while (i < objects->word_alloc && ewah_iterator_next(&filter, &it)) {
+		eword_t word = objects->words[i] & filter;
+
+		for (offset = 0; offset < BITS_IN_WORD; ++offset) {
+			const unsigned char *sha1;
+			struct revindex_entry *entry;
+			uint32_t hash = 0;
+
+			if ((word >> offset) == 0)
+				break;
+
+			offset += ewah_bit_ctz64(word >> offset);
+
+			if (pos + offset < bitmap_git.reuse_objects)
+				continue;
+
+			entry = &bitmap_git.reverse_index->revindex[pos + offset];
+			sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(bitmap_git.pack, entry->nr);
+
+			if (bitmap_git.hashes)
+				hash = ntohl(bitmap_git.hashes[entry->nr]);
+
+			show_reach(sha1, object_type, 0, hash, bitmap_git.pack, entry->offset);
+		}
+
+		pos += BITS_IN_WORD;
+		i++;
+	}
+}
+
+static int in_bitmapped_pack(struct object_list *roots)
+{
+	while (roots) {
+		struct object *object = roots->item;
+		roots = roots->next;
+
+		if (find_pack_entry_one(object->sha1, bitmap_git.pack) > 0)
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int prepare_bitmap_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	unsigned int pending_nr = revs->pending.nr;
+	struct object_array_entry *pending_e = revs->pending.objects;
+
+	struct object_list *wants = NULL;
+	struct object_list *haves = NULL;
+
+	struct bitmap *wants_bitmap = NULL;
+	struct bitmap *haves_bitmap = NULL;
+
+	if (!bitmap_git.loaded) {
+		/* try to open a bitmapped pack, but don't parse it yet
+		 * because we may not need to use it */
+		if (open_pack_bitmap() < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pending_nr; ++i) {
+		struct object *object = pending_e[i].item;
+
+		if (object->type == OBJ_NONE)
+			parse_object_or_die(object->sha1, NULL);
+
+		while (object->type == OBJ_TAG) {
+			struct tag *tag = (struct tag *) object;
+
+			if (object->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+				object_list_insert(object, &haves);
+			else
+				object_list_insert(object, &wants);
+
+			if (!tag->tagged)
+				die("bad tag");
+			object = parse_object_or_die(tag->tagged->sha1, NULL);
+		}
+
+		if (object->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+			object_list_insert(object, &haves);
+		else
+			object_list_insert(object, &wants);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * if we have a HAVES list, but none of those haves is contained
+	 * in the packfile that has a bitmap, we don't have anything to
+	 * optimize here
+	 */
+	if (haves && !in_bitmapped_pack(haves))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* if we don't want anything, we're done here */
+	if (!wants)
+		return -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * now we're going to use bitmaps, so load the actual bitmap entries
+	 * from disk. this is the point of no return; after this the rev_list
+	 * becomes invalidated and we must perform the revwalk through bitmaps
+	 */
+	if (!bitmap_git.loaded && load_pack_bitmap() < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	revs->pending.nr = 0;
+	revs->pending.alloc = 0;
+	revs->pending.objects = NULL;
+
+	if (haves) {
+		revs->ignore_missing_links = 1;
+		haves_bitmap = find_objects(revs, haves, NULL);
+		reset_revision_walk();
+		revs->ignore_missing_links = 0;
+
+		if (haves_bitmap == NULL)
+			die("BUG: failed to perform bitmap walk");
+	}
+
+	wants_bitmap = find_objects(revs, wants, haves_bitmap);
+
+	if (!wants_bitmap)
+		die("BUG: failed to perform bitmap walk");
+
+	if (haves_bitmap)
+		bitmap_and_not(wants_bitmap, haves_bitmap);
+
+	bitmap_git.result = wants_bitmap;
+
+	bitmap_free(haves_bitmap);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap(struct packed_git **packfile,
+				       uint32_t *entries,
+				       off_t *up_to)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Reuse the packfile content if we need more than
+	 * 90% of its objects
+	 */
+	static const double REUSE_PERCENT = 0.9;
+
+	struct bitmap *result = bitmap_git.result;
+	uint32_t reuse_threshold;
+	uint32_t i, reuse_objects = 0;
+
+	assert(result);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < result->word_alloc; ++i) {
+		if (result->words[i] != (eword_t)~0) {
+			reuse_objects += ewah_bit_ctz64(~result->words[i]);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		reuse_objects += BITS_IN_WORD;
+	}
+
+#ifdef GIT_BITMAP_DEBUG
+	{
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		struct revindex_entry *entry;
+
+		entry = &bitmap_git.reverse_index->revindex[reuse_objects];
+		sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(bitmap_git.pack, entry->nr);
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to reuse at %d (%016llx)\n",
+			reuse_objects, result->words[i]);
+		fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (!reuse_objects)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (reuse_objects >= bitmap_git.pack->num_objects) {
+		bitmap_git.reuse_objects = *entries = bitmap_git.pack->num_objects;
+		*up_to = -1; /* reuse the full pack */
+		*packfile = bitmap_git.pack;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	reuse_threshold = bitmap_popcount(bitmap_git.result) * REUSE_PERCENT;
+
+	if (reuse_objects < reuse_threshold)
+		return -1;
+
+	bitmap_git.reuse_objects = *entries = reuse_objects;
+	*up_to = bitmap_git.reverse_index->revindex[reuse_objects].offset;
+	*packfile = bitmap_git.pack;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void traverse_bitmap_commit_list(show_reachable_fn show_reachable)
+{
+	assert(bitmap_git.result);
+
+	show_objects_for_type(bitmap_git.result, bitmap_git.commits,
+		OBJ_COMMIT, show_reachable);
+	show_objects_for_type(bitmap_git.result, bitmap_git.trees,
+		OBJ_TREE, show_reachable);
+	show_objects_for_type(bitmap_git.result, bitmap_git.blobs,
+		OBJ_BLOB, show_reachable);
+	show_objects_for_type(bitmap_git.result, bitmap_git.tags,
+		OBJ_TAG, show_reachable);
+
+	show_extended_objects(bitmap_git.result, show_reachable);
+
+	bitmap_free(bitmap_git.result);
+	bitmap_git.result = NULL;
+}
+
+static uint32_t count_object_type(struct bitmap *objects,
+				  enum object_type type)
+{
+	struct eindex *eindex = &bitmap_git.ext_index;
+
+	uint32_t i = 0, count = 0;
+	struct ewah_iterator it;
+	eword_t filter;
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		ewah_iterator_init(&it, bitmap_git.commits);
+		break;
+
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+		ewah_iterator_init(&it, bitmap_git.trees);
+		break;
+
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+		ewah_iterator_init(&it, bitmap_git.blobs);
+		break;
+
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+		ewah_iterator_init(&it, bitmap_git.tags);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	while (i < objects->word_alloc && ewah_iterator_next(&filter, &it)) {
+		eword_t word = objects->words[i++] & filter;
+		count += ewah_bit_popcount64(word);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < eindex->count; ++i) {
+		if (eindex->objects[i]->type == type &&
+			bitmap_get(objects, bitmap_git.pack->num_objects + i))
+			count++;
+	}
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+void count_bitmap_commit_list(uint32_t *commits, uint32_t *trees,
+			      uint32_t *blobs, uint32_t *tags)
+{
+	assert(bitmap_git.result);
+
+	if (commits)
+		*commits = count_object_type(bitmap_git.result, OBJ_COMMIT);
+
+	if (trees)
+		*trees = count_object_type(bitmap_git.result, OBJ_TREE);
+
+	if (blobs)
+		*blobs = count_object_type(bitmap_git.result, OBJ_BLOB);
+
+	if (tags)
+		*tags = count_object_type(bitmap_git.result, OBJ_TAG);
+}
+
+struct bitmap_test_data {
+	struct bitmap *base;
+	struct progress *prg;
+	size_t seen;
+};
+
+static void test_show_object(struct object *object,
+			     const struct name_path *path,
+			     const char *last, void *data)
+{
+	struct bitmap_test_data *tdata = data;
+	int bitmap_pos;
+
+	bitmap_pos = bitmap_position(object->sha1);
+	if (bitmap_pos < 0)
+		die("Object not in bitmap: %s\n", sha1_to_hex(object->sha1));
+
+	bitmap_set(tdata->base, bitmap_pos);
+	display_progress(tdata->prg, ++tdata->seen);
+}
+
+static void test_show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
+{
+	struct bitmap_test_data *tdata = data;
+	int bitmap_pos;
+
+	bitmap_pos = bitmap_position(commit->object.sha1);
+	if (bitmap_pos < 0)
+		die("Object not in bitmap: %s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+
+	bitmap_set(tdata->base, bitmap_pos);
+	display_progress(tdata->prg, ++tdata->seen);
+}
+
+void test_bitmap_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	struct object *root;
+	struct bitmap *result = NULL;
+	khiter_t pos;
+	size_t result_popcnt;
+	struct bitmap_test_data tdata;
+
+	if (prepare_bitmap_git())
+		die("failed to load bitmap indexes");
+
+	if (revs->pending.nr != 1)
+		die("you must specify exactly one commit to test");
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Bitmap v%d test (%d entries loaded)\n",
+		bitmap_git.version, bitmap_git.entry_count);
+
+	root = revs->pending.objects[0].item;
+	pos = kh_get_sha1(bitmap_git.bitmaps, root->sha1);
+
+	if (pos < kh_end(bitmap_git.bitmaps)) {
+		struct stored_bitmap *st = kh_value(bitmap_git.bitmaps, pos);
+		struct ewah_bitmap *bm = lookup_stored_bitmap(st);
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "Found bitmap for %s. %d bits / %08x checksum\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(root->sha1), (int)bm->bit_size, ewah_checksum(bm));
+
+		result = ewah_to_bitmap(bm);
+	}
+
+	if (result == NULL)
+		die("Commit %s doesn't have an indexed bitmap", sha1_to_hex(root->sha1));
+
+	revs->tag_objects = 1;
+	revs->tree_objects = 1;
+	revs->blob_objects = 1;
+
+	result_popcnt = bitmap_popcount(result);
+
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+	tdata.base = bitmap_new();
+	tdata.prg = start_progress("Verifying bitmap entries", result_popcnt);
+	tdata.seen = 0;
+
+	traverse_commit_list(revs, &test_show_commit, &test_show_object, &tdata);
+
+	stop_progress(&tdata.prg);
+
+	if (bitmap_equals(result, tdata.base))
+		fprintf(stderr, "OK!\n");
+	else
+		fprintf(stderr, "Mismatch!\n");
+}
+
+static int rebuild_bitmap(uint32_t *reposition,
+			  struct ewah_bitmap *source,
+			  struct bitmap *dest)
+{
+	uint32_t pos = 0;
+	struct ewah_iterator it;
+	eword_t word;
+
+	ewah_iterator_init(&it, source);
+
+	while (ewah_iterator_next(&word, &it)) {
+		uint32_t offset, bit_pos;
+
+		for (offset = 0; offset < BITS_IN_WORD; ++offset) {
+			if ((word >> offset) == 0)
+				break;
+
+			offset += ewah_bit_ctz64(word >> offset);
+
+			bit_pos = reposition[pos + offset];
+			if (bit_pos > 0)
+				bitmap_set(dest, bit_pos - 1);
+			else /* can't reuse, we don't have the object */
+				return -1;
+		}
+
+		pos += BITS_IN_WORD;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int rebuild_existing_bitmaps(struct packing_data *mapping,
+			     khash_sha1 *reused_bitmaps,
+			     int show_progress)
+{
+	uint32_t i, num_objects;
+	uint32_t *reposition;
+	struct bitmap *rebuild;
+	struct stored_bitmap *stored;
+	struct progress *progress = NULL;
+
+	khiter_t hash_pos;
+	int hash_ret;
+
+	if (prepare_bitmap_git() < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	num_objects = bitmap_git.pack->num_objects;
+	reposition = xcalloc(num_objects, sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_objects; ++i) {
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		struct revindex_entry *entry;
+		struct object_entry *oe;
+
+		entry = &bitmap_git.reverse_index->revindex[i];
+		sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(bitmap_git.pack, entry->nr);
+		oe = packlist_find(mapping, sha1, NULL);
+
+		if (oe)
+			reposition[i] = oe->in_pack_pos + 1;
+	}
+
+	rebuild = bitmap_new();
+	i = 0;
+
+	if (show_progress)
+		progress = start_progress("Reusing bitmaps", 0);
+
+	kh_foreach_value(bitmap_git.bitmaps, stored, {
+		if (stored->flags & BITMAP_FLAG_REUSE) {
+			if (!rebuild_bitmap(reposition,
+					    lookup_stored_bitmap(stored),
+					    rebuild)) {
+				hash_pos = kh_put_sha1(reused_bitmaps,
+						       stored->sha1,
+						       &hash_ret);
+				kh_value(reused_bitmaps, hash_pos) =
+					bitmap_to_ewah(rebuild);
+			}
+			bitmap_reset(rebuild);
+			display_progress(progress, ++i);
+		}
+	});
+
+	stop_progress(&progress);
+
+	free(reposition);
+	bitmap_free(rebuild);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/pack-bitmap.h b/pack-bitmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0adcef77b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-bitmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#ifndef PACK_BITMAP_H
+#define PACK_BITMAP_H
+
+#include "ewah/ewok.h"
+#include "khash.h"
+#include "pack-objects.h"
+
+struct bitmap_disk_header {
+	char magic[4];
+	uint16_t version;
+	uint16_t options;
+	uint32_t entry_count;
+	unsigned char checksum[20];
+};
+
+static const char BITMAP_IDX_SIGNATURE[] = {'B', 'I', 'T', 'M'};
+
+#define NEEDS_BITMAP (1u<<22)
+
+enum pack_bitmap_opts {
+	BITMAP_OPT_FULL_DAG = 1,
+	BITMAP_OPT_HASH_CACHE = 4,
+};
+
+enum pack_bitmap_flags {
+	BITMAP_FLAG_REUSE = 0x1
+};
+
+typedef int (*show_reachable_fn)(
+	const unsigned char *sha1,
+	enum object_type type,
+	int flags,
+	uint32_t hash,
+	struct packed_git *found_pack,
+	off_t found_offset);
+
+int prepare_bitmap_git(void);
+void count_bitmap_commit_list(uint32_t *commits, uint32_t *trees, uint32_t *blobs, uint32_t *tags);
+void traverse_bitmap_commit_list(show_reachable_fn show_reachable);
+void test_bitmap_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
+int prepare_bitmap_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
+int reuse_partial_packfile_from_bitmap(struct packed_git **packfile, uint32_t *entries, off_t *up_to);
+int rebuild_existing_bitmaps(struct packing_data *mapping, khash_sha1 *reused_bitmaps, int show_progress);
+
+void bitmap_writer_show_progress(int show);
+void bitmap_writer_set_checksum(unsigned char *sha1);
+void bitmap_writer_build_type_index(struct pack_idx_entry **index, uint32_t index_nr);
+void bitmap_writer_reuse_bitmaps(struct packing_data *to_pack);
+void bitmap_writer_select_commits(struct commit **indexed_commits,
+		unsigned int indexed_commits_nr, int max_bitmaps);
+void bitmap_writer_build(struct packing_data *to_pack);
+void bitmap_writer_finish(struct pack_idx_entry **index,
+			  uint32_t index_nr,
+			  const char *filename,
+			  uint16_t options);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/pack-objects.c b/pack-objects.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6398a8aa96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-objects.c
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "object.h"
+#include "pack.h"
+#include "pack-objects.h"
+
+static uint32_t locate_object_entry_hash(struct packing_data *pdata,
+					 const unsigned char *sha1,
+					 int *found)
+{
+	uint32_t i, mask = (pdata->index_size - 1);
+
+	i = sha1hash(sha1) & mask;
+
+	while (pdata->index[i] > 0) {
+		uint32_t pos = pdata->index[i] - 1;
+
+		if (!hashcmp(sha1, pdata->objects[pos].idx.sha1)) {
+			*found = 1;
+			return i;
+		}
+
+		i = (i + 1) & mask;
+	}
+
+	*found = 0;
+	return i;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t closest_pow2(uint32_t v)
+{
+	v = v - 1;
+	v |= v >> 1;
+	v |= v >> 2;
+	v |= v >> 4;
+	v |= v >> 8;
+	v |= v >> 16;
+	return v + 1;
+}
+
+static void rehash_objects(struct packing_data *pdata)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	struct object_entry *entry;
+
+	pdata->index_size = closest_pow2(pdata->nr_objects * 3);
+	if (pdata->index_size < 1024)
+		pdata->index_size = 1024;
+
+	free(pdata->index);
+	pdata->index = xcalloc(pdata->index_size, sizeof(*pdata->index));
+
+	entry = pdata->objects;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pdata->nr_objects; i++) {
+		int found;
+		uint32_t ix = locate_object_entry_hash(pdata, entry->idx.sha1, &found);
+
+		if (found)
+			die("BUG: Duplicate object in hash");
+
+		pdata->index[ix] = i + 1;
+		entry++;
+	}
+}
+
+struct object_entry *packlist_find(struct packing_data *pdata,
+				   const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   uint32_t *index_pos)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	int found;
+
+	if (!pdata->index_size)
+		return NULL;
+
+	i = locate_object_entry_hash(pdata, sha1, &found);
+
+	if (index_pos)
+		*index_pos = i;
+
+	if (!found)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return &pdata->objects[pdata->index[i] - 1];
+}
+
+struct object_entry *packlist_alloc(struct packing_data *pdata,
+				    const unsigned char *sha1,
+				    uint32_t index_pos)
+{
+	struct object_entry *new_entry;
+
+	if (pdata->nr_objects >= pdata->nr_alloc) {
+		pdata->nr_alloc = (pdata->nr_alloc  + 1024) * 3 / 2;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(pdata->objects, pdata->nr_alloc);
+	}
+
+	new_entry = pdata->objects + pdata->nr_objects++;
+
+	memset(new_entry, 0, sizeof(*new_entry));
+	hashcpy(new_entry->idx.sha1, sha1);
+
+	if (pdata->index_size * 3 <= pdata->nr_objects * 4)
+		rehash_objects(pdata);
+	else
+		pdata->index[index_pos] = pdata->nr_objects;
+
+	return new_entry;
+}
diff --git a/pack-objects.h b/pack-objects.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1b98b30ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pack-objects.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#ifndef PACK_OBJECTS_H
+#define PACK_OBJECTS_H
+
+struct object_entry {
+	struct pack_idx_entry idx;
+	unsigned long size;	/* uncompressed size */
+	struct packed_git *in_pack;	/* already in pack */
+	off_t in_pack_offset;
+	struct object_entry *delta;	/* delta base object */
+	struct object_entry *delta_child; /* deltified objects who bases me */
+	struct object_entry *delta_sibling; /* other deltified objects who
+					     * uses the same base as me
+					     */
+	void *delta_data;	/* cached delta (uncompressed) */
+	unsigned long delta_size;	/* delta data size (uncompressed) */
+	unsigned long z_delta_size;	/* delta data size (compressed) */
+	enum object_type type;
+	enum object_type in_pack_type;	/* could be delta */
+	uint32_t hash;			/* name hint hash */
+	unsigned int in_pack_pos;
+	unsigned char in_pack_header_size;
+	unsigned preferred_base:1; /*
+				    * we do not pack this, but is available
+				    * to be used as the base object to delta
+				    * objects against.
+				    */
+	unsigned no_try_delta:1;
+	unsigned tagged:1; /* near the very tip of refs */
+	unsigned filled:1; /* assigned write-order */
+};
+
+struct packing_data {
+	struct object_entry *objects;
+	uint32_t nr_objects, nr_alloc;
+
+	int32_t *index;
+	uint32_t index_size;
+};
+
+struct object_entry *packlist_alloc(struct packing_data *pdata,
+				    const unsigned char *sha1,
+				    uint32_t index_pos);
+
+struct object_entry *packlist_find(struct packing_data *pdata,
+				   const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   uint32_t *index_pos);
+
+static inline uint32_t pack_name_hash(const char *name)
+{
+	uint32_t c, hash = 0;
+
+	if (!name)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * This effectively just creates a sortable number from the
+	 * last sixteen non-whitespace characters. Last characters
+	 * count "most", so things that end in ".c" sort together.
+	 */
+	while ((c = *name++) != 0) {
+		if (isspace(c))
+			continue;
+		hash = (hash >> 2) + (c << 24);
+	}
+	return hash;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/pack-refs.c b/pack-refs.c
deleted file mode 100644
index f09a054228..0000000000
--- a/pack-refs.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,148 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "refs.h"
-#include "tag.h"
-#include "pack-refs.h"
-
-struct ref_to_prune {
-	struct ref_to_prune *next;
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
-};
-
-struct pack_refs_cb_data {
-	unsigned int flags;
-	struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
-	FILE *refs_file;
-};
-
-static int do_not_prune(int flags)
-{
-	/* If it is already packed or if it is a symref,
-	 * do not prune it.
-	 */
-	return (flags & (REF_ISSYMREF|REF_ISPACKED));
-}
-
-static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1,
-			  int flags, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
-	int is_tag_ref;
-
-	/* Do not pack the symbolic refs */
-	if ((flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
-		return 0;
-	is_tag_ref = !prefixcmp(path, "refs/tags/");
-
-	/* ALWAYS pack refs that were already packed or are tags */
-	if (!(cb->flags & PACK_REFS_ALL) && !is_tag_ref && !(flags & REF_ISPACKED))
-		return 0;
-
-	fprintf(cb->refs_file, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
-	if (is_tag_ref) {
-		struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			o = deref_tag(o, path, 0);
-			if (o)
-				fprintf(cb->refs_file, "^%s\n",
-					sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE) && !do_not_prune(flags)) {
-		int namelen = strlen(path) + 1;
-		struct ref_to_prune *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*n) + namelen);
-		hashcpy(n->sha1, sha1);
-		strcpy(n->name, path);
-		n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
-		cb->ref_to_prune = n;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Remove empty parents, but spare refs/ and immediate subdirs.
- * Note: munges *name.
- */
-static void try_remove_empty_parents(char *name)
-{
-	char *p, *q;
-	int i;
-	p = name;
-	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { /* refs/{heads,tags,...}/ */
-		while (*p && *p != '/')
-			p++;
-		/* tolerate duplicate slashes; see check_refname_format() */
-		while (*p == '/')
-			p++;
-	}
-	for (q = p; *q; q++)
-		;
-	while (1) {
-		while (q > p && *q != '/')
-			q--;
-		while (q > p && *(q-1) == '/')
-			q--;
-		if (q == p)
-			break;
-		*q = '\0';
-		if (rmdir(git_path("%s", name)))
-			break;
-	}
-}
-
-/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
-static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
-{
-	struct ref_lock *lock = lock_ref_sha1(r->name + 5, r->sha1);
-
-	if (lock) {
-		unlink_or_warn(git_path("%s", r->name));
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		try_remove_empty_parents(r->name);
-	}
-}
-
-static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
-{
-	while (r) {
-		prune_ref(r);
-		r = r->next;
-	}
-}
-
-static struct lock_file packed;
-
-int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
-{
-	int fd;
-	struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
-
-	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
-	cbdata.flags = flags;
-
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packed, git_path("packed-refs"),
-				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
-	cbdata.refs_file = fdopen(fd, "w");
-	if (!cbdata.refs_file)
-		die_errno("unable to create ref-pack file structure");
-
-	/* perhaps other traits later as well */
-	fprintf(cbdata.refs_file, "# pack-refs with: peeled \n");
-
-	for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &cbdata);
-	if (ferror(cbdata.refs_file))
-		die("failed to write ref-pack file");
-	if (fflush(cbdata.refs_file) || fsync(fd) || fclose(cbdata.refs_file))
-		die_errno("failed to write ref-pack file");
-	/*
-	 * Since the lock file was fdopen()'ed and then fclose()'ed above,
-	 * assign -1 to the lock file descriptor so that commit_lock_file()
-	 * won't try to close() it.
-	 */
-	packed.fd = -1;
-	if (commit_lock_file(&packed) < 0)
-		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
-	prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/pack-refs.h b/pack-refs.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 518acfb370..0000000000
--- a/pack-refs.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef PACK_REFS_H
-#define PACK_REFS_H
-
-/*
- * Flags for controlling behaviour of pack_refs()
- * PACK_REFS_PRUNE: Prune loose refs after packing
- * PACK_REFS_ALL:   Pack _all_ refs, not just tags and already packed refs
- */
-#define PACK_REFS_PRUNE 0x0001
-#define PACK_REFS_ALL   0x0002
-
-/*
- * Write a packed-refs file for the current repository.
- * flags: Combination of the above PACK_REFS_* flags.
- */
-int pack_refs(unsigned int flags);
-
-#endif /* PACK_REFS_H */
diff --git a/pack-revindex.c b/pack-revindex.c
index 77a0465be6..5c8376e978 100644
--- a/pack-revindex.c
+++ b/pack-revindex.c
@@ -16,11 +16,6 @@
  * get the object sha1 from the main index.
  */
 
-struct pack_revindex {
-	struct packed_git *p;
-	struct revindex_entry *revindex;
-};
-
 static struct pack_revindex *pack_revindex;
 static int pack_revindex_hashsz;
 
@@ -50,7 +45,7 @@ static void init_pack_revindex(void)
 	if (!num)
 		return;
 	pack_revindex_hashsz = num * 11;
-	pack_revindex = xcalloc(sizeof(*pack_revindex), pack_revindex_hashsz);
+	pack_revindex = xcalloc(pack_revindex_hashsz, sizeof(*pack_revindex));
 	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
 		num = pack_revindex_ix(p);
 		num = - 1 - num;
@@ -59,11 +54,101 @@ static void init_pack_revindex(void)
 	/* revindex elements are lazily initialized */
 }
 
-static int cmp_offset(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+/*
+ * This is a least-significant-digit radix sort.
+ *
+ * It sorts each of the "n" items in "entries" by its offset field. The "max"
+ * parameter must be at least as large as the largest offset in the array,
+ * and lets us quit the sort early.
+ */
+static void sort_revindex(struct revindex_entry *entries, unsigned n, off_t max)
 {
-	const struct revindex_entry *a = a_;
-	const struct revindex_entry *b = b_;
-	return (a->offset < b->offset) ? -1 : (a->offset > b->offset) ? 1 : 0;
+	/*
+	 * We use a "digit" size of 16 bits. That keeps our memory
+	 * usage reasonable, and we can generally (for a 4G or smaller
+	 * packfile) quit after two rounds of radix-sorting.
+	 */
+#define DIGIT_SIZE (16)
+#define BUCKETS (1 << DIGIT_SIZE)
+	/*
+	 * We want to know the bucket that a[i] will go into when we are using
+	 * the digit that is N bits from the (least significant) end.
+	 */
+#define BUCKET_FOR(a, i, bits) (((a)[(i)].offset >> (bits)) & (BUCKETS-1))
+
+	/*
+	 * We need O(n) temporary storage. Rather than do an extra copy of the
+	 * partial results into "entries", we sort back and forth between the
+	 * real array and temporary storage. In each iteration of the loop, we
+	 * keep track of them with alias pointers, always sorting from "from"
+	 * to "to".
+	 */
+	struct revindex_entry *tmp = xmalloc(n * sizeof(*tmp));
+	struct revindex_entry *from = entries, *to = tmp;
+	int bits;
+	unsigned *pos = xmalloc(BUCKETS * sizeof(*pos));
+
+	/*
+	 * If (max >> bits) is zero, then we know that the radix digit we are
+	 * on (and any higher) will be zero for all entries, and our loop will
+	 * be a no-op, as everybody lands in the same zero-th bucket.
+	 */
+	for (bits = 0; max >> bits; bits += DIGIT_SIZE) {
+		struct revindex_entry *swap;
+		unsigned i;
+
+		memset(pos, 0, BUCKETS * sizeof(*pos));
+
+		/*
+		 * We want pos[i] to store the index of the last element that
+		 * will go in bucket "i" (actually one past the last element).
+		 * To do this, we first count the items that will go in each
+		 * bucket, which gives us a relative offset from the last
+		 * bucket. We can then cumulatively add the index from the
+		 * previous bucket to get the true index.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+			pos[BUCKET_FOR(from, i, bits)]++;
+		for (i = 1; i < BUCKETS; i++)
+			pos[i] += pos[i-1];
+
+		/*
+		 * Now we can drop the elements into their correct buckets (in
+		 * our temporary array).  We iterate the pos counter backwards
+		 * to avoid using an extra index to count up. And since we are
+		 * going backwards there, we must also go backwards through the
+		 * array itself, to keep the sort stable.
+		 *
+		 * Note that we use an unsigned iterator to make sure we can
+		 * handle 2^32-1 objects, even on a 32-bit system. But this
+		 * means we cannot use the more obvious "i >= 0" loop condition
+		 * for counting backwards, and must instead check for
+		 * wrap-around with UINT_MAX.
+		 */
+		for (i = n - 1; i != UINT_MAX; i--)
+			to[--pos[BUCKET_FOR(from, i, bits)]] = from[i];
+
+		/*
+		 * Now "to" contains the most sorted list, so we swap "from" and
+		 * "to" for the next iteration.
+		 */
+		swap = from;
+		from = to;
+		to = swap;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we ended with our data in the original array, great. If not,
+	 * we have to move it back from the temporary storage.
+	 */
+	if (from != entries)
+		memcpy(entries, tmp, n * sizeof(*entries));
+	free(tmp);
+	free(pos);
+
+#undef BUCKET_FOR
+#undef BUCKETS
+#undef DIGIT_SIZE
 }
 
 /*
@@ -72,8 +157,8 @@ static int cmp_offset(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 static void create_pack_revindex(struct pack_revindex *rix)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p = rix->p;
-	int num_ent = p->num_objects;
-	int i;
+	unsigned num_ent = p->num_objects;
+	unsigned i;
 	const char *index = p->index_data;
 
 	rix->revindex = xmalloc(sizeof(*rix->revindex) * (num_ent + 1));
@@ -108,18 +193,17 @@ static void create_pack_revindex(struct pack_revindex *rix)
 	 */
 	rix->revindex[num_ent].offset = p->pack_size - 20;
 	rix->revindex[num_ent].nr = -1;
-	qsort(rix->revindex, num_ent, sizeof(*rix->revindex), cmp_offset);
+	sort_revindex(rix->revindex, num_ent, p->pack_size);
 }
 
-struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)
+struct pack_revindex *revindex_for_pack(struct packed_git *p)
 {
 	int num;
-	int lo, hi;
 	struct pack_revindex *rix;
-	struct revindex_entry *revindex;
 
 	if (!pack_revindex_hashsz)
 		init_pack_revindex();
+
 	num = pack_revindex_ix(p);
 	if (num < 0)
 		die("internal error: pack revindex fubar");
@@ -127,30 +211,37 @@ struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)
 	rix = &pack_revindex[num];
 	if (!rix->revindex)
 		create_pack_revindex(rix);
-	revindex = rix->revindex;
 
-	lo = 0;
-	hi = p->num_objects + 1;
+	return rix;
+}
+
+int find_revindex_position(struct pack_revindex *pridx, off_t ofs)
+{
+	int lo = 0;
+	int hi = pridx->p->num_objects + 1;
+	struct revindex_entry *revindex = pridx->revindex;
+
 	do {
-		int mi = (lo + hi) / 2;
+		unsigned mi = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
 		if (revindex[mi].offset == ofs) {
-			return revindex + mi;
+			return mi;
 		} else if (ofs < revindex[mi].offset)
 			hi = mi;
 		else
 			lo = mi + 1;
 	} while (lo < hi);
+
 	error("bad offset for revindex");
-	return NULL;
+	return -1;
 }
 
-void discard_revindex(void)
+struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs)
 {
-	if (pack_revindex_hashsz) {
-		int i;
-		for (i = 0; i < pack_revindex_hashsz; i++)
-			free(pack_revindex[i].revindex);
-		free(pack_revindex);
-		pack_revindex_hashsz = 0;
-	}
+	struct pack_revindex *pridx = revindex_for_pack(p);
+	int pos = find_revindex_position(pridx, ofs);
+
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return pridx->revindex + pos;
 }
diff --git a/pack-revindex.h b/pack-revindex.h
index 8d5027ad91..d737f98965 100644
--- a/pack-revindex.h
+++ b/pack-revindex.h
@@ -6,7 +6,14 @@ struct revindex_entry {
 	unsigned int nr;
 };
 
+struct pack_revindex {
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	struct revindex_entry *revindex;
+};
+
+struct pack_revindex *revindex_for_pack(struct packed_git *p);
+int find_revindex_position(struct pack_revindex *pridx, off_t ofs);
+
 struct revindex_entry *find_pack_revindex(struct packed_git *p, off_t ofs);
-void discard_revindex(void);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/pack-write.c b/pack-write.c
index ca9e63be18..33293ce2a6 100644
--- a/pack-write.c
+++ b/pack-write.c
@@ -44,14 +44,13 @@ static int need_large_offset(off_t offset, const struct pack_idx_option *opts)
  */
 const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objects,
 			   int nr_objects, const struct pack_idx_option *opts,
-			   unsigned char *sha1)
+			   const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct sha1file *f;
 	struct pack_idx_entry **sorted_by_sha, **list, **last;
 	off_t last_obj_offset = 0;
 	uint32_t array[256];
 	int i, fd;
-	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
 	uint32_t index_version;
 
 	if (nr_objects) {
@@ -114,9 +113,6 @@ const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objec
 	}
 	sha1write(f, array, 256 * 4);
 
-	/* compute the SHA1 hash of sorted object names. */
-	git_SHA1_Init(&ctx);
-
 	/*
 	 * Write the actual SHA1 entries..
 	 */
@@ -128,7 +124,6 @@ const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objec
 			sha1write(f, &offset, 4);
 		}
 		sha1write(f, obj->sha1, 20);
-		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, obj->sha1, 20);
 		if ((opts->flags & WRITE_IDX_STRICT) &&
 		    (i && !hashcmp(list[-2]->sha1, obj->sha1)))
 			die("The same object %s appears twice in the pack",
@@ -178,7 +173,6 @@ const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objec
 	sha1write(f, sha1, 20);
 	sha1close(f, NULL, ((opts->flags & WRITE_IDX_VERIFY)
 			    ? CSUM_CLOSE : CSUM_FSYNC));
-	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
 	return index_name;
 }
 
@@ -189,8 +183,7 @@ off_t write_pack_header(struct sha1file *f, uint32_t nr_entries)
 	hdr.hdr_signature = htonl(PACK_SIGNATURE);
 	hdr.hdr_version = htonl(PACK_VERSION);
 	hdr.hdr_entries = htonl(nr_entries);
-	if (sha1write(f, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)))
-		return 0;
+	sha1write(f, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
 	return sizeof(hdr);
 }
 
@@ -295,13 +288,12 @@ char *index_pack_lockfile(int ip_out)
 	 * case, we need it to remove the corresponding .keep file
 	 * later on.  If we don't get that then tough luck with it.
 	 */
-	if (read_in_full(ip_out, packname, 46) == 46 && packname[45] == '\n' &&
-	    memcmp(packname, "keep\t", 5) == 0) {
-		char path[PATH_MAX];
+	if (read_in_full(ip_out, packname, 46) == 46 && packname[45] == '\n') {
+		const char *name;
 		packname[45] = 0;
-		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pack/pack-%s.keep",
-			 get_object_directory(), packname + 5);
-		return xstrdup(path);
+		if (skip_prefix(packname, "keep\t", &name))
+			return xstrfmt("%s/pack/pack-%s.keep",
+				       get_object_directory(), name);
 	}
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -343,7 +335,7 @@ struct sha1file *create_tmp_packfile(char **pack_tmp_name)
 	return sha1fd(fd, *pack_tmp_name);
 }
 
-void finish_tmp_packfile(char *name_buffer,
+void finish_tmp_packfile(struct strbuf *name_buffer,
 			 const char *pack_tmp_name,
 			 struct pack_idx_entry **written_list,
 			 uint32_t nr_written,
@@ -351,7 +343,7 @@ void finish_tmp_packfile(char *name_buffer,
 			 unsigned char sha1[])
 {
 	const char *idx_tmp_name;
-	char *end_of_name_prefix = strrchr(name_buffer, 0);
+	int basename_len = name_buffer->len;
 
 	if (adjust_shared_perm(pack_tmp_name))
 		die_errno("unable to make temporary pack file readable");
@@ -361,15 +353,19 @@ void finish_tmp_packfile(char *name_buffer,
 	if (adjust_shared_perm(idx_tmp_name))
 		die_errno("unable to make temporary index file readable");
 
-	sprintf(end_of_name_prefix, "%s.pack", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	free_pack_by_name(name_buffer);
+	strbuf_addf(name_buffer, "%s.pack", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	free_pack_by_name(name_buffer->buf);
 
-	if (rename(pack_tmp_name, name_buffer))
+	if (rename(pack_tmp_name, name_buffer->buf))
 		die_errno("unable to rename temporary pack file");
 
-	sprintf(end_of_name_prefix, "%s.idx", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	if (rename(idx_tmp_name, name_buffer))
+	strbuf_setlen(name_buffer, basename_len);
+
+	strbuf_addf(name_buffer, "%s.idx", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (rename(idx_tmp_name, name_buffer->buf))
 		die_errno("unable to rename temporary index file");
 
+	strbuf_setlen(name_buffer, basename_len);
+
 	free((void *)idx_tmp_name);
 }
diff --git a/pack.h b/pack.h
index aa6ee7d606..3223f5a038 100644
--- a/pack.h
+++ b/pack.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ struct pack_idx_entry {
 struct progress;
 typedef int (*verify_fn)(const unsigned char*, enum object_type, unsigned long, void*, int*);
 
-extern const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objects, int nr_objects, const struct pack_idx_option *, unsigned char *sha1);
+extern const char *write_idx_file(const char *index_name, struct pack_idx_entry **objects, int nr_objects, const struct pack_idx_option *, const unsigned char *sha1);
 extern int check_pack_crc(struct packed_git *p, struct pack_window **w_curs, off_t offset, off_t len, unsigned int nr);
 extern int verify_pack_index(struct packed_git *);
 extern int verify_pack(struct packed_git *, verify_fn fn, struct progress *, uint32_t);
@@ -91,6 +91,6 @@ extern int encode_in_pack_object_header(enum object_type, uintmax_t, unsigned ch
 extern int read_pack_header(int fd, struct pack_header *);
 
 extern struct sha1file *create_tmp_packfile(char **pack_tmp_name);
-extern void finish_tmp_packfile(char *name_buffer, const char *pack_tmp_name, struct pack_idx_entry **written_list, uint32_t nr_written, struct pack_idx_option *pack_idx_opts, unsigned char sha1[]);
+extern void finish_tmp_packfile(struct strbuf *name_buffer, const char *pack_tmp_name, struct pack_idx_entry **written_list, uint32_t nr_written, struct pack_idx_option *pack_idx_opts, unsigned char sha1[]);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/pager.c b/pager.c
index 05584dead6..98b26823c9 100644
--- a/pager.c
+++ b/pager.c
@@ -11,23 +11,8 @@
  * something different on Windows.
  */
 
-#ifndef WIN32
-static void pager_preexec(void)
-{
-	/*
-	 * Work around bug in "less" by not starting it until we
-	 * have real input
-	 */
-	fd_set in;
-
-	FD_ZERO(&in);
-	FD_SET(0, &in);
-	select(1, &in, NULL, &in, NULL);
-}
-#endif
-
 static const char *pager_argv[] = { NULL, NULL };
-static struct child_process pager_process;
+static struct child_process pager_process = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 static void wait_for_pager(void)
 {
@@ -63,7 +48,7 @@ const char *git_pager(int stdout_is_tty)
 		pager = getenv("PAGER");
 	if (!pager)
 		pager = DEFAULT_PAGER;
-	else if (!*pager || !strcmp(pager, "cat"))
+	if (!*pager || !strcmp(pager, "cat"))
 		pager = NULL;
 
 	return pager;
@@ -89,13 +74,10 @@ void setup_pager(void)
 	pager_process.use_shell = 1;
 	pager_process.argv = pager_argv;
 	pager_process.in = -1;
-	if (!getenv("LESS")) {
-		static const char *env[] = { "LESS=FRSX", NULL };
-		pager_process.env = env;
-	}
-#ifndef WIN32
-	pager_process.preexec_cb = pager_preexec;
-#endif
+	if (!getenv("LESS"))
+		argv_array_push(&pager_process.env_array, "LESS=FRX");
+	if (!getenv("LV"))
+		argv_array_push(&pager_process.env_array, "LV=-c");
 	if (start_command(&pager_process))
 		return;
 
@@ -151,11 +133,31 @@ int term_columns(void)
 /*
  * How many columns do we need to show this number in decimal?
  */
-int decimal_width(int number)
+int decimal_width(uintmax_t number)
 {
-	int i, width;
+	int width;
 
-	for (width = 1, i = 10; i <= number; width++)
-		i *= 10;
+	for (width = 1; number >= 10; width++)
+		number /= 10;
 	return width;
 }
+
+/* returns 0 for "no pager", 1 for "use pager", and -1 for "not specified" */
+int check_pager_config(const char *cmd)
+{
+	int want = -1;
+	struct strbuf key = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *value = NULL;
+	strbuf_addf(&key, "pager.%s", cmd);
+	if (!git_config_get_value(key.buf, &value)) {
+		int b = git_config_maybe_bool(key.buf, value);
+		if (b >= 0)
+			want = b;
+		else {
+			want = 1;
+			pager_program = xstrdup(value);
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&key);
+	return want;
+}
diff --git a/parse-options-cb.c b/parse-options-cb.c
index 0de5fb168a..be8c413cfe 100644
--- a/parse-options-cb.c
+++ b/parse-options-cb.c
@@ -33,6 +33,12 @@ int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int parse_opt_expiry_date_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
+			     int unset)
+{
+	return parse_expiry_date(arg, (unsigned long *)opt->value);
+}
+
 int parse_opt_color_flag_cb(const struct option *opt, const char *arg,
 			    int unset)
 {
diff --git a/parse-options.c b/parse-options.c
index 850cfa78c9..80106c06bc 100644
--- a/parse-options.c
+++ b/parse-options.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "color.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
 static int parse_options_usage(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			       const char * const *usagestr,
@@ -13,20 +14,15 @@ static int parse_options_usage(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 
 int optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason)
 {
-	if (opt->long_name)
+	if (opt->long_name) {
+		if (opt->short_name)
+			return error("BUG: switch '%c' (--%s) %s",
+				     opt->short_name, opt->long_name, reason);
 		return error("BUG: option '%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+	}
 	return error("BUG: switch '%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
 }
 
-int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
-{
-	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
-		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
-	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
-		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
-	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
-}
-
 static int get_arg(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *opt,
 		   int flags, const char **arg)
 {
@@ -51,8 +47,42 @@ static void fix_filename(const char *prefix, const char **file)
 	*file = xstrdup(prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), *file));
 }
 
+static int opt_command_mode_error(const struct option *opt,
+				  const struct option *all_opts,
+				  int flags)
+{
+	const struct option *that;
+	struct strbuf message = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf that_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find the other option that was used to set the variable
+	 * already, and report that this is not compatible with it.
+	 */
+	for (that = all_opts; that->type != OPTION_END; that++) {
+		if (that == opt ||
+		    that->type != OPTION_CMDMODE ||
+		    that->value != opt->value ||
+		    that->defval != *(int *)opt->value)
+			continue;
+
+		if (that->long_name)
+			strbuf_addf(&that_name, "--%s", that->long_name);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&that_name, "-%c", that->short_name);
+		strbuf_addf(&message, ": incompatible with %s", that_name.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&that_name);
+		opterror(opt, message.buf, flags);
+		strbuf_release(&message);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return opterror(opt, ": incompatible with something else", flags);
+}
+
 static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
-		     const struct option *opt, int flags)
+		     const struct option *opt,
+		     const struct option *all_opts,
+		     int flags)
 {
 	const char *s, *arg;
 	const int unset = flags & OPT_UNSET;
@@ -91,8 +121,14 @@ static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
 		*(int *)opt->value = unset ? 0 : opt->defval;
 		return 0;
 
-	case OPTION_SET_PTR:
-		*(void **)opt->value = unset ? NULL : (void *)opt->defval;
+	case OPTION_CMDMODE:
+		/*
+		 * Giving the same mode option twice, although is unnecessary,
+		 * is not a grave error, so let it pass.
+		 */
+		if (*(int *)opt->value && *(int *)opt->value != opt->defval)
+			return opt_command_mode_error(opt, all_opts, flags);
+		*(int *)opt->value = opt->defval;
 		return 0;
 
 	case OPTION_STRING:
@@ -151,12 +187,13 @@ static int get_value(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p,
 
 static int parse_short_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *options)
 {
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
 	const struct option *numopt = NULL;
 
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (options->short_name == *p->opt) {
 			p->opt = p->opt[1] ? p->opt + 1 : NULL;
-			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
+			return get_value(p, options, all_opts, OPT_SHORT);
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -185,13 +222,11 @@ static int parse_short_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const struct option *optio
 static int parse_long_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
                           const struct option *options)
 {
-	const char *arg_end = strchr(arg, '=');
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
+	const char *arg_end = strchrnul(arg, '=');
 	const struct option *abbrev_option = NULL, *ambiguous_option = NULL;
 	int abbrev_flags = 0, ambiguous_flags = 0;
 
-	if (!arg_end)
-		arg_end = arg + strlen(arg);
-
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		const char *rest, *long_name = options->long_name;
 		int flags = 0, opt_flags = 0;
@@ -200,7 +235,8 @@ static int parse_long_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
 			continue;
 
 again:
-		rest = skip_prefix(arg, long_name);
+		if (!skip_prefix(arg, long_name, &rest))
+			rest = NULL;
 		if (options->type == OPTION_ARGUMENT) {
 			if (!rest)
 				continue;
@@ -235,13 +271,13 @@ is_abbreviated:
 			if (options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NONEG)
 				continue;
 			/* negated and abbreviated very much? */
-			if (!prefixcmp("no-", arg)) {
+			if (starts_with("no-", arg)) {
 				flags |= OPT_UNSET;
 				goto is_abbreviated;
 			}
 			/* negated? */
-			if (prefixcmp(arg, "no-")) {
-				if (!prefixcmp(long_name, "no-")) {
+			if (!starts_with(arg, "no-")) {
+				if (starts_with(long_name, "no-")) {
 					long_name += 3;
 					opt_flags |= OPT_UNSET;
 					goto again;
@@ -249,19 +285,20 @@ is_abbreviated:
 				continue;
 			}
 			flags |= OPT_UNSET;
-			rest = skip_prefix(arg + 3, long_name);
-			/* abbreviated and negated? */
-			if (!rest && !prefixcmp(long_name, arg + 3))
-				goto is_abbreviated;
-			if (!rest)
-				continue;
+			if (!skip_prefix(arg + 3, long_name, &rest)) {
+				/* abbreviated and negated? */
+				if (starts_with(long_name, arg + 3))
+					goto is_abbreviated;
+				else
+					continue;
+			}
 		}
 		if (*rest) {
 			if (*rest != '=')
 				continue;
 			p->opt = rest + 1;
 		}
-		return get_value(p, options, flags ^ opt_flags);
+		return get_value(p, options, all_opts, flags ^ opt_flags);
 	}
 
 	if (ambiguous_option)
@@ -273,18 +310,20 @@ is_abbreviated:
 			(abbrev_flags & OPT_UNSET) ?  "no-" : "",
 			abbrev_option->long_name);
 	if (abbrev_option)
-		return get_value(p, abbrev_option, abbrev_flags);
+		return get_value(p, abbrev_option, all_opts, abbrev_flags);
 	return -2;
 }
 
 static int parse_nodash_opt(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *p, const char *arg,
 			    const struct option *options)
 {
+	const struct option *all_opts = options;
+
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (!(options->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH))
 			continue;
 		if (options->short_name == arg[0] && arg[1] == '\0')
-			return get_value(p, options, OPT_SHORT);
+			return get_value(p, options, all_opts, OPT_SHORT);
 	}
 	return -2;
 }
@@ -294,7 +333,7 @@ static void check_typos(const char *arg, const struct option *options)
 	if (strlen(arg) < 3)
 		return;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(arg, "no-")) {
+	if (starts_with(arg, "no-")) {
 		error ("did you mean `--%s` (with two dashes ?)", arg);
 		exit(129);
 	}
@@ -302,7 +341,7 @@ static void check_typos(const char *arg, const struct option *options)
 	for (; options->type != OPTION_END; options++) {
 		if (!options->long_name)
 			continue;
-		if (!prefixcmp(options->long_name, arg)) {
+		if (starts_with(options->long_name, arg)) {
 			error ("did you mean `--%s` (with two dashes ?)", arg);
 			exit(129);
 		}
@@ -312,12 +351,20 @@ static void check_typos(const char *arg, const struct option *options)
 static void parse_options_check(const struct option *opts)
 {
 	int err = 0;
+	char short_opts[128];
 
+	memset(short_opts, '\0', sizeof(short_opts));
 	for (; opts->type != OPTION_END; opts++) {
 		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LASTARG_DEFAULT) &&
 		    (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG))
 			err |= optbug(opts, "uses incompatible flags "
 					"LASTARG_DEFAULT and OPTARG");
+		if (opts->short_name) {
+			if (0x7F <= opts->short_name)
+				err |= optbug(opts, "invalid short name");
+			else if (short_opts[opts->short_name]++)
+				err |= optbug(opts, "short name already used");
+		}
 		if (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NODASH &&
 		    ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
 		     !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG) ||
@@ -330,7 +377,6 @@ static void parse_options_check(const struct option *opts)
 		case OPTION_BIT:
 		case OPTION_NEGBIT:
 		case OPTION_SET_INT:
-		case OPTION_SET_PTR:
 		case OPTION_NUMBER:
 			if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_OPTARG) ||
 			    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
@@ -338,6 +384,9 @@ static void parse_options_check(const struct option *opts)
 		default:
 			; /* ok. (usually accepts an argument) */
 		}
+		if (opts->argh &&
+		    strcspn(opts->argh, " _") != strlen(opts->argh))
+			err |= optbug(opts, "multi-word argh should use dash to separate words");
 	}
 	if (err)
 		exit(128);
@@ -470,12 +519,16 @@ int parse_options(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
 	default: /* PARSE_OPT_UNKNOWN */
 		if (ctx.argv[0][1] == '-') {
 			error("unknown option `%s'", ctx.argv[0] + 2);
-		} else {
+		} else if (isascii(*ctx.opt)) {
 			error("unknown switch `%c'", *ctx.opt);
+		} else {
+			error("unknown non-ascii option in string: `%s'",
+			      ctx.argv[0]);
 		}
 		usage_with_options(usagestr, options);
 	}
 
+	precompose_argv(argc, argv);
 	return parse_options_end(&ctx);
 }
 
@@ -490,7 +543,7 @@ static int usage_argh(const struct option *opts, FILE *outfile)
 			s = literal ? "[%s]" : "[<%s>]";
 	else
 		s = literal ? " %s" : " <%s>";
-	return fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? opts->argh : "...");
+	return utf8_fprintf(outfile, s, opts->argh ? _(opts->argh) : _("..."));
 }
 
 #define USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH 24
@@ -508,13 +561,16 @@ static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 	if (!err && ctx && ctx->flags & PARSE_OPT_SHELL_EVAL)
 		fprintf(outfile, "cat <<\\EOF\n");
 
-	fprintf(outfile, "usage: %s\n", *usagestr++);
+	fprintf_ln(outfile, _("usage: %s"), _(*usagestr++));
 	while (*usagestr && **usagestr)
-		fprintf(outfile, "   or: %s\n", *usagestr++);
+		/* TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+		   one in "usage: %s" translation */
+		fprintf_ln(outfile, _("   or: %s"), _(*usagestr++));
 	while (*usagestr) {
-		fprintf(outfile, "%s%s\n",
-				**usagestr ? "    " : "",
-				*usagestr);
+		if (**usagestr)
+			fprintf_ln(outfile, _("    %s"), _(*usagestr));
+		else
+			putchar('\n');
 		usagestr++;
 	}
 
@@ -528,7 +584,7 @@ static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 		if (opts->type == OPTION_GROUP) {
 			fputc('\n', outfile);
 			if (*opts->help)
-				fprintf(outfile, "%s\n", opts->help);
+				fprintf(outfile, "%s\n", _(opts->help));
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (!full && (opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN))
@@ -546,7 +602,7 @@ static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 		if (opts->long_name)
 			pos += fprintf(outfile, "--%s", opts->long_name);
 		if (opts->type == OPTION_NUMBER)
-			pos += fprintf(outfile, "-NUM");
+			pos += utf8_fprintf(outfile, _("-NUM"));
 
 		if ((opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_LITERAL_ARGHELP) ||
 		    !(opts->flags & PARSE_OPT_NOARG))
@@ -558,7 +614,7 @@ static int usage_with_options_internal(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 			fputc('\n', outfile);
 			pad = USAGE_OPTS_WIDTH;
 		}
-		fprintf(outfile, "%*s%s\n", pad + USAGE_GAP, "", opts->help);
+		fprintf(outfile, "%*s%s\n", pad + USAGE_GAP, "", _(opts->help));
 	}
 	fputc('\n', outfile);
 
@@ -590,3 +646,12 @@ static int parse_options_usage(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
 	return usage_with_options_internal(ctx, usagestr, opts, 0, err);
 }
 
+#undef opterror
+int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags)
+{
+	if (flags & OPT_SHORT)
+		return error("switch `%c' %s", opt->short_name, reason);
+	if (flags & OPT_UNSET)
+		return error("option `no-%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+	return error("option `%s' %s", opt->long_name, reason);
+}
diff --git a/parse-options.h b/parse-options.h
index def9ced739..c71e9da4f8 100644
--- a/parse-options.h
+++ b/parse-options.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ enum parse_opt_type {
 	OPTION_NEGBIT,
 	OPTION_COUNTUP,
 	OPTION_SET_INT,
-	OPTION_SET_PTR,
+	OPTION_CMDMODE,
 	/* options with arguments (usually) */
 	OPTION_STRING,
 	OPTION_INTEGER,
@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@ enum parse_opt_type {
 	OPTION_FILENAME
 };
 
-/* Deprecated synonym */
-#define OPTION_BOOLEAN OPTION_COUNTUP
-
 enum parse_opt_flags {
 	PARSE_OPT_KEEP_DASHDASH = 1,
 	PARSE_OPT_STOP_AT_NON_OPTION = 2,
@@ -66,12 +63,14 @@ typedef int parse_opt_ll_cb(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
  *
  * `argh`::
  *   token to explain the kind of argument this option wants. Keep it
- *   homogeneous across the repository.
+ *   homogeneous across the repository. Should be wrapped by N_() for
+ *   translation.
  *
  * `help`::
  *   the short help associated to what the option does.
  *   Must never be NULL (except for OPTION_END).
  *   OPTION_GROUP uses this pointer to store the group header.
+ *   Should be wrapped by N_() for translation.
  *
  * `flags`::
  *   mask of parse_opt_option_flags.
@@ -96,8 +95,7 @@ typedef int parse_opt_ll_cb(struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
  *
  * `defval`::
  *   default value to fill (*->value) with for PARSE_OPT_OPTARG.
- *   OPTION_{BIT,SET_INT,SET_PTR} store the {mask,integer,pointer} to put in
- *   the value when met.
+ *   OPTION_{BIT,SET_INT} store the {mask,integer} to put in the value when met.
  *   CALLBACKS can use it like they want.
  */
 struct option {
@@ -126,9 +124,11 @@ struct option {
 #define OPT_SET_INT(s, l, v, h, i)  { OPTION_SET_INT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
 				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (i) }
 #define OPT_BOOL(s, l, v, h)        OPT_SET_INT(s, l, v, h, 1)
-#define OPT_SET_PTR(s, l, v, h, p)  { OPTION_SET_PTR, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
-				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, NULL, (p) }
-#define OPT_INTEGER(s, l, v, h)     { OPTION_INTEGER, (s), (l), (v), "n", (h) }
+#define OPT_HIDDEN_BOOL(s, l, v, h) { OPTION_SET_INT, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN, NULL, 1}
+#define OPT_CMDMODE(s, l, v, h, i) { OPTION_CMDMODE, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
+				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG|PARSE_OPT_NONEG, NULL, (i) }
+#define OPT_INTEGER(s, l, v, h)     { OPTION_INTEGER, (s), (l), (v), N_("n"), (h) }
 #define OPT_STRING(s, l, v, a, h)   { OPTION_STRING,  (s), (l), (v), (a), (h) }
 #define OPT_STRING_LIST(s, l, v, a, h) \
 				    { OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), (a), \
@@ -136,29 +136,30 @@ struct option {
 #define OPT_UYN(s, l, v, h)         { OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), NULL, \
 				      (h), PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_tertiary }
 #define OPT_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), "time",(h), 0, \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("time"),(h), 0,	\
 	  parse_opt_approxidate_cb }
+#define OPT_EXPIRY_DATE(s, l, v, h) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("expiry-date"),(h), 0,	\
+	  parse_opt_expiry_date_cb }
 #define OPT_CALLBACK(s, l, v, a, h, f) \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), (a), (h), 0, (f) }
 #define OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK(v, h, f) \
 	{ OPTION_NUMBER, 0, NULL, (v), NULL, (h), \
 	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG | PARSE_OPT_NONEG, (f) }
 #define OPT_FILENAME(s, l, v, h)    { OPTION_FILENAME, (s), (l), (v), \
-				       "file", (h) }
+				       N_("file"), (h) }
 #define OPT_COLOR_FLAG(s, l, v, h) \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), "when", (h), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("when"), (h), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, \
 		parse_opt_color_flag_cb, (intptr_t)"always" }
 
 #define OPT_NOOP_NOARG(s, l) \
 	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), NULL, NULL, \
-	  "no-op (backward compatibility)", \
+	  N_("no-op (backward compatibility)"),		\
 	  PARSE_OPT_HIDDEN | PARSE_OPT_NOARG, parse_opt_noop_cb }
 
-/* Deprecated synonym */
-#define OPT_BOOLEAN OPT_COUNTUP
-
 /* parse_options() will filter out the processed options and leave the
- * non-option arguments in argv[].
+ * non-option arguments in argv[]. usagestr strings should be marked
+ * for translation with N_().
  * Returns the number of arguments left in argv[].
  */
 extern int parse_options(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix,
@@ -174,6 +175,10 @@ extern NORETURN void usage_msg_opt(const char *msg,
 
 extern int optbug(const struct option *opt, const char *reason);
 extern int opterror(const struct option *opt, const char *reason, int flags);
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define opterror(o,r,f) (opterror((o),(r),(f)), const_error())
+#endif
+
 /*----- incremental advanced APIs -----*/
 
 enum {
@@ -212,6 +217,7 @@ extern int parse_options_concat(struct option *dst, size_t, struct option *src);
 /*----- some often used options -----*/
 extern int parse_opt_abbrev_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_approxidate_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
+extern int parse_opt_expiry_date_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_color_flag_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_verbosity_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_with_commit(const struct option *, const char *, int);
@@ -219,20 +225,22 @@ extern int parse_opt_tertiary(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_string_list(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 extern int parse_opt_noop_cb(const struct option *, const char *, int);
 
-#define OPT__VERBOSE(var, h)  OPT_BOOLEAN('v', "verbose", (var), (h))
-#define OPT__QUIET(var, h)    OPT_BOOLEAN('q', "quiet",   (var), (h))
+#define OPT__VERBOSE(var, h)  OPT_COUNTUP('v', "verbose", (var), (h))
+#define OPT__QUIET(var, h)    OPT_COUNTUP('q', "quiet",   (var), (h))
 #define OPT__VERBOSITY(var) \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'v', "verbose", (var), NULL, "be more verbose", \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'v', "verbose", (var), NULL, N_("be more verbose"), \
 	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_verbosity_cb, 0 }, \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'q', "quiet", (var), NULL, "be more quiet", \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 'q', "quiet", (var), NULL, N_("be more quiet"), \
 	  PARSE_OPT_NOARG, &parse_opt_verbosity_cb, 0 }
-#define OPT__DRY_RUN(var, h)  OPT_BOOLEAN('n', "dry-run", (var), (h))
-#define OPT__FORCE(var, h)    OPT_BOOLEAN('f', "force",   (var), (h))
+#define OPT__DRY_RUN(var, h)  OPT_BOOL('n', "dry-run", (var), (h))
+#define OPT__FORCE(var, h)    OPT_COUNTUP('f', "force",   (var), (h))
 #define OPT__ABBREV(var)  \
-	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "abbrev", (var), "n", \
-	  "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s", \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "abbrev", (var), N_("n"),	\
+	  N_("use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"),	\
 	  PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, &parse_opt_abbrev_cb, 0 }
 #define OPT__COLOR(var, h) \
 	OPT_COLOR_FLAG(0, "color", (var), (h))
+#define OPT_COLUMN(s, l, v, h) \
+	{ OPTION_CALLBACK, (s), (l), (v), N_("style"), (h), PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, parseopt_column_callback }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/patch-ids.c b/patch-ids.c
index 5717257051..bf81b92361 100644
--- a/patch-ids.c
+++ b/patch-ids.c
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ int init_patch_ids(struct patch_ids *ids)
 	memset(ids, 0, sizeof(*ids));
 	diff_setup(&ids->diffopts);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&ids->diffopts, RECURSIVE);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&ids->diffopts) < 0)
-		return error("diff_setup_done failed");
+	diff_setup_done(&ids->diffopts);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -84,10 +83,7 @@ static struct patch_id *add_commit(struct commit *commit,
 	ent = &bucket->bucket[bucket->nr++];
 	hashcpy(ent->patch_id, sha1);
 
-	if (ids->alloc <= ids->nr) {
-		ids->alloc = alloc_nr(ids->nr);
-		ids->table = xrealloc(ids->table, sizeof(ent) * ids->alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(ids->table, ids->nr + 1, ids->alloc);
 	if (pos < ids->nr)
 		memmove(ids->table + pos + 1, ids->table + pos,
 			sizeof(ent) * (ids->nr - pos));
diff --git a/path.c b/path.c
index 6f2aa699ad..595da81ca6 100644
--- a/path.c
+++ b/path.c
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 /*
- * I'm tired of doing "vsnprintf()" etc just to open a
- * file, so here's a "return static buffer with printf"
- * interface for paths.
- *
- * It's obviously not thread-safe. Sue me. But it's quite
- * useful for doing things like
- *
- *   f = open(mkpath("%s/%s.git", base, name), O_RDONLY);
- *
- * which is what it's designed for.
+ * Utilities for paths and pathnames
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+static int get_st_mode_bits(const char *path, int *mode)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	*mode = st.st_mode;
+	return 0;
+}
 
 static char bad_path[] = "/bad-path/";
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ char *mksnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
 	return cleanup_path(buf);
 }
 
-static char *git_vsnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+static char *vsnpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, va_list args)
 {
 	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
 	size_t len;
@@ -70,21 +71,37 @@ bad:
 
 char *git_snpath(char *buf, size_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
+	char *ret;
 	va_list args;
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	(void)git_vsnpath(buf, n, fmt, args);
+	ret = vsnpath(buf, n, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	return buf;
+	return ret;
 }
 
 char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	char path[PATH_MAX], *ret;
+	va_list args;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	ret = vsnpath(path, sizeof(path), fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+	return xstrdup(ret);
+}
+
+char *mkpathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	char *path;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	va_list args;
+
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	(void)git_vsnpath(path, sizeof(path), fmt, args);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	return xstrdup(path);
+	path = xstrdup(cleanup_path(sb.buf));
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return path;
 }
 
 char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...)
@@ -103,23 +120,42 @@ char *mkpath(const char *fmt, ...)
 
 char *git_path(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	const char *git_dir = get_git_dir();
 	char *pathname = get_pathname();
 	va_list args;
-	unsigned len;
+	char *ret;
 
-	len = strlen(git_dir);
-	if (len > PATH_MAX-100)
-		return bad_path;
-	memcpy(pathname, git_dir, len);
-	if (len && git_dir[len-1] != '/')
-		pathname[len++] = '/';
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	len += vsnprintf(pathname + len, PATH_MAX - len, fmt, args);
+	ret = vsnpath(pathname, PATH_MAX, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	if (len >= PATH_MAX)
-		return bad_path;
-	return cleanup_path(pathname);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void home_config_paths(char **global, char **xdg, char *file)
+{
+	char *xdg_home = getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME");
+	char *home = getenv("HOME");
+	char *to_free = NULL;
+
+	if (!home) {
+		if (global)
+			*global = NULL;
+	} else {
+		if (!xdg_home) {
+			to_free = mkpathdup("%s/.config", home);
+			xdg_home = to_free;
+		}
+		if (global)
+			*global = mkpathdup("%s/.gitconfig", home);
+	}
+
+	if (xdg) {
+		if (!xdg_home)
+			*xdg = NULL;
+		else
+			*xdg = mkpathdup("%s/git/%s", xdg_home, file);
+	}
+
+	free(to_free);
 }
 
 char *git_path_submodule(const char *path, const char *fmt, ...)
@@ -215,9 +251,7 @@ int validate_headref(const char *path)
 static struct passwd *getpw_str(const char *username, size_t len)
 {
 	struct passwd *pw;
-	char *username_z = xmalloc(len + 1);
-	memcpy(username_z, username, len);
-	username_z[len] = '\0';
+	char *username_z = xmemdupz(username, len);
 	pw = getpwnam(username_z);
 	free(username_z);
 	return pw;
@@ -231,28 +265,28 @@ static struct passwd *getpw_str(const char *username, size_t len)
 char *expand_user_path(const char *path)
 {
 	struct strbuf user_path = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *first_slash = strchrnul(path, '/');
 	const char *to_copy = path;
 
 	if (path == NULL)
 		goto return_null;
 	if (path[0] == '~') {
+		const char *first_slash = strchrnul(path, '/');
 		const char *username = path + 1;
 		size_t username_len = first_slash - username;
 		if (username_len == 0) {
 			const char *home = getenv("HOME");
 			if (!home)
 				goto return_null;
-			strbuf_add(&user_path, home, strlen(home));
+			strbuf_addstr(&user_path, home);
 		} else {
 			struct passwd *pw = getpw_str(username, username_len);
 			if (!pw)
 				goto return_null;
-			strbuf_add(&user_path, pw->pw_dir, strlen(pw->pw_dir));
+			strbuf_addstr(&user_path, pw->pw_dir);
 		}
 		to_copy = first_slash;
 	}
-	strbuf_add(&user_path, to_copy, strlen(to_copy));
+	strbuf_addstr(&user_path, to_copy);
 	return strbuf_detach(&user_path, NULL);
 return_null:
 	strbuf_release(&user_path);
@@ -269,14 +303,9 @@ return_null:
  * (3) "relative/path" to mean cwd relative directory; or
  * (4) "/absolute/path" to mean absolute directory.
  *
- * Unless "strict" is given, we try access() for existence of "%s.git/.git",
- * "%s/.git", "%s.git", "%s" in this order.  The first one that exists is
- * what we try.
- *
- * Second, we try chdir() to that.  Upon failure, we return NULL.
- *
- * Then, we try if the current directory is a valid git repository.
- * Upon failure, we return NULL.
+ * Unless "strict" is given, we check "%s/.git", "%s", "%s.git/.git", "%s.git"
+ * in this order. We select the first one that is a valid git repository, and
+ * chdir() to it. If none match, or we fail to chdir, we return NULL.
  *
  * If all goes well, we return the directory we used to chdir() (but
  * before ~user is expanded), avoiding getcwd() resolving symbolic
@@ -355,28 +384,14 @@ const char *enter_repo(const char *path, int strict)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode)
+static int calc_shared_perm(int mode)
 {
-	struct stat st;
-	int tweak, shared, orig_mode;
+	int tweak;
 
-	if (!shared_repository) {
-		if (mode)
-			return chmod(path, mode & ~S_IFMT);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!mode) {
-		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
-			return -1;
-		mode = st.st_mode;
-		orig_mode = mode;
-	} else
-		orig_mode = 0;
 	if (shared_repository < 0)
-		shared = -shared_repository;
+		tweak = -shared_repository;
 	else
-		shared = shared_repository;
-	tweak = shared;
+		tweak = shared_repository;
 
 	if (!(mode & S_IWUSR))
 		tweak &= ~0222;
@@ -388,55 +403,190 @@ int set_shared_perm(const char *path, int mode)
 	else
 		mode |= tweak;
 
-	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+	return mode;
+}
+
+
+int adjust_shared_perm(const char *path)
+{
+	int old_mode, new_mode;
+
+	if (!shared_repository)
+		return 0;
+	if (get_st_mode_bits(path, &old_mode) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	new_mode = calc_shared_perm(old_mode);
+	if (S_ISDIR(old_mode)) {
 		/* Copy read bits to execute bits */
-		mode |= (shared & 0444) >> 2;
-		mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
+		new_mode |= (new_mode & 0444) >> 2;
+		new_mode |= FORCE_DIR_SET_GID;
 	}
 
-	if (((shared_repository < 0
-	      ? (orig_mode & (FORCE_DIR_SET_GID | 0777))
-	      : (orig_mode & mode)) != mode) &&
-	    chmod(path, (mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
+	if (((old_mode ^ new_mode) & ~S_IFMT) &&
+			chmod(path, (new_mode & ~S_IFMT)) < 0)
 		return -2;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base)
+static int have_same_root(const char *path1, const char *path2)
+{
+	int is_abs1, is_abs2;
+
+	is_abs1 = is_absolute_path(path1);
+	is_abs2 = is_absolute_path(path2);
+	return (is_abs1 && is_abs2 && tolower(path1[0]) == tolower(path2[0])) ||
+	       (!is_abs1 && !is_abs2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Give path as relative to prefix.
+ *
+ * The strbuf may or may not be used, so do not assume it contains the
+ * returned path.
+ */
+const char *relative_path(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int in_len = in ? strlen(in) : 0;
+	int prefix_len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	int in_off = 0;
+	int prefix_off = 0;
+	int i = 0, j = 0;
+
+	if (!in_len)
+		return "./";
+	else if (!prefix_len)
+		return in;
+
+	if (have_same_root(in, prefix)) {
+		/* bypass dos_drive, for "c:" is identical to "C:" */
+		if (has_dos_drive_prefix(in)) {
+			i = 2;
+			j = 2;
+		}
+	} else {
+		return in;
+	}
+
+	while (i < prefix_len && j < in_len && prefix[i] == in[j]) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
+				j++;
+			prefix_off = i;
+			in_off = j;
+		} else {
+			i++;
+			j++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (
+	    /* "prefix" seems like prefix of "in" */
+	    i >= prefix_len &&
+	    /*
+	     * but "/foo" is not a prefix of "/foobar"
+	     * (i.e. prefix not end with '/')
+	     */
+	    prefix_off < prefix_len) {
+		if (j >= in_len) {
+			/* in="/a/b", prefix="/a/b" */
+			in_off = in_len;
+		} else if (is_dir_sep(in[j])) {
+			/* in="/a/b/c", prefix="/a/b" */
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
+				j++;
+			in_off = j;
+		} else {
+			/* in="/a/bbb/c", prefix="/a/b" */
+			i = prefix_off;
+		}
+	} else if (
+		   /* "in" is short than "prefix" */
+		   j >= in_len &&
+		   /* "in" not end with '/' */
+		   in_off < in_len) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			/* in="/a/b", prefix="/a/b/c/" */
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
+			in_off = in_len;
+		}
+	}
+	in += in_off;
+	in_len -= in_off;
+
+	if (i >= prefix_len) {
+		if (!in_len)
+			return "./";
+		else
+			return in;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_reset(sb);
+	strbuf_grow(sb, in_len);
+
+	while (i < prefix_len) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
+				i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		i++;
+	}
+	if (!is_dir_sep(prefix[prefix_len - 1]))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
+
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, in);
+
+	return sb->buf;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A simpler implementation of relative_path
+ *
+ * Get relative path by removing "prefix" from "in". This function
+ * first appears in v1.5.6-1-g044bbbc, and makes git_dir shorter
+ * to increase performance when traversing the path to work_tree.
+ */
+const char *remove_leading_path(const char *in, const char *prefix)
 {
 	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
 	int i = 0, j = 0;
 
-	if (!base || !base[0])
-		return abs;
-	while (base[i]) {
-		if (is_dir_sep(base[i])) {
-			if (!is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
-				return abs;
-			while (is_dir_sep(base[i]))
+	if (!prefix || !prefix[0])
+		return in;
+	while (prefix[i]) {
+		if (is_dir_sep(prefix[i])) {
+			if (!is_dir_sep(in[j]))
+				return in;
+			while (is_dir_sep(prefix[i]))
 				i++;
-			while (is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
+			while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
 				j++;
 			continue;
-		} else if (abs[j] != base[i]) {
-			return abs;
+		} else if (in[j] != prefix[i]) {
+			return in;
 		}
 		i++;
 		j++;
 	}
 	if (
 	    /* "/foo" is a prefix of "/foo" */
-	    abs[j] &&
+	    in[j] &&
 	    /* "/foo" is not a prefix of "/foobar" */
-	    !is_dir_sep(base[i-1]) && !is_dir_sep(abs[j])
+	    !is_dir_sep(prefix[i-1]) && !is_dir_sep(in[j])
 	   )
-		return abs;
-	while (is_dir_sep(abs[j]))
+		return in;
+	while (is_dir_sep(in[j]))
 		j++;
-	if (!abs[j])
+	if (!in[j])
 		strcpy(buf, ".");
 	else
-		strcpy(buf, abs + j);
+		strcpy(buf, in + j);
 	return buf;
 }
 
@@ -453,8 +603,14 @@ const char *relative_path(const char *abs, const char *base)
  *
  * Note that this function is purely textual.  It does not follow symlinks,
  * verify the existence of the path, or make any system calls.
+ *
+ * prefix_len != NULL is for a specific case of prefix_pathspec():
+ * assume that src == dst and src[0..prefix_len-1] is already
+ * normalized, any time "../" eats up to the prefix_len part,
+ * prefix_len is reduced. In the end prefix_len is the remaining
+ * prefix that has not been overridden by user pathspec.
  */
-int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
+int normalize_path_copy_len(char *dst, const char *src, int *prefix_len)
 {
 	char *dst0;
 
@@ -529,50 +685,52 @@ int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
 		/* Windows: dst[-1] cannot be backslash anymore */
 		while (dst0 < dst && dst[-1] != '/')
 			dst--;
+		if (prefix_len && *prefix_len > dst - dst0)
+			*prefix_len = dst - dst0;
 	}
 	*dst = '\0';
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int normalize_path_copy(char *dst, const char *src)
+{
+	return normalize_path_copy_len(dst, src, NULL);
+}
+
 /*
  * path = Canonical absolute path
- * prefix_list = Colon-separated list of absolute paths
+ * prefixes = string_list containing normalized, absolute paths without
+ * trailing slashes (except for the root directory, which is denoted by "/").
  *
- * Determines, for each path in prefix_list, whether the "prefix" really
+ * Determines, for each path in prefixes, whether the "prefix"
  * is an ancestor directory of path.  Returns the length of the longest
  * ancestor directory, excluding any trailing slashes, or -1 if no prefix
- * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefix_list is
- * "/".) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
+ * is an ancestor.  (Note that this means 0 is returned if prefixes is
+ * ["/"].) "/foo" is not considered an ancestor of "/foobar".  Directories
  * are not considered to be their own ancestors.  path must be in a
  * canonical form: empty components, or "." or ".." components are not
- * allowed.  prefix_list may be null, which is like "".
+ * allowed.
  */
-int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, const char *prefix_list)
+int longest_ancestor_length(const char *path, struct string_list *prefixes)
 {
-	char buf[PATH_MAX+1];
-	const char *ceil, *colon;
-	int len, max_len = -1;
+	int i, max_len = -1;
 
-	if (prefix_list == NULL || !strcmp(path, "/"))
+	if (!strcmp(path, "/"))
 		return -1;
 
-	for (colon = ceil = prefix_list; *colon; ceil = colon+1) {
-		for (colon = ceil; *colon && *colon != PATH_SEP; colon++);
-		len = colon - ceil;
-		if (len == 0 || len > PATH_MAX || !is_absolute_path(ceil))
-			continue;
-		strlcpy(buf, ceil, len+1);
-		if (normalize_path_copy(buf, buf) < 0)
-			continue;
-		len = strlen(buf);
-		if (len > 0 && buf[len-1] == '/')
-			buf[--len] = '\0';
+	for (i = 0; i < prefixes->nr; i++) {
+		const char *ceil = prefixes->items[i].string;
+		int len = strlen(ceil);
+
+		if (len == 1 && ceil[0] == '/')
+			len = 0; /* root matches anything, with length 0 */
+		else if (!strncmp(path, ceil, len) && path[len] == '/')
+			; /* match of length len */
+		else
+			continue; /* no match */
 
-		if (!strncmp(path, buf, len) &&
-		    path[len] == '/' &&
-		    len > max_len) {
+		if (len > max_len)
 			max_len = len;
-		}
 	}
 
 	return max_len;
@@ -661,9 +819,35 @@ int daemon_avoid_alias(const char *p)
 	}
 }
 
-int offset_1st_component(const char *path)
+static int only_spaces_and_periods(const char *path, size_t len, size_t skip)
 {
-	if (has_dos_drive_prefix(path))
-		return 2 + is_dir_sep(path[2]);
-	return is_dir_sep(path[0]);
+	if (len < skip)
+		return 0;
+	len -= skip;
+	path += skip;
+	while (len-- > 0) {
+		char c = *(path++);
+		if (c != ' ' && c != '.')
+			return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int is_ntfs_dotgit(const char *name)
+{
+	int len;
+
+	for (len = 0; ; len++)
+		if (!name[len] || name[len] == '\\' || is_dir_sep(name[len])) {
+			if (only_spaces_and_periods(name, len, 4) &&
+					!strncasecmp(name, ".git", 4))
+				return 1;
+			if (only_spaces_and_periods(name, len, 5) &&
+					!strncasecmp(name, "git~1", 5))
+				return 1;
+			if (name[len] != '\\')
+				return 0;
+			name += len + 1;
+			len = -1;
+		}
 }
diff --git a/pathspec.c b/pathspec.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9304ee33d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathspec.c
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+
+/*
+ * Finds which of the given pathspecs match items in the index.
+ *
+ * For each pathspec, sets the corresponding entry in the seen[] array
+ * (which should be specs items long, i.e. the same size as pathspec)
+ * to the nature of the "closest" (i.e. most specific) match found for
+ * that pathspec in the index, if it was a closer type of match than
+ * the existing entry.  As an optimization, matching is skipped
+ * altogether if seen[] already only contains non-zero entries.
+ *
+ * If seen[] has not already been written to, it may make sense
+ * to use find_pathspecs_matching_against_index() instead.
+ */
+void add_pathspec_matches_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec,
+					char *seen)
+{
+	int num_unmatched = 0, i;
+
+	/*
+	 * Since we are walking the index as if we were walking the directory,
+	 * we have to mark the matched pathspec as seen; otherwise we will
+	 * mistakenly think that the user gave a pathspec that did not match
+	 * anything.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < pathspec->nr; i++)
+		if (!seen[i])
+			num_unmatched++;
+	if (!num_unmatched)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		ce_path_match(ce, pathspec, seen);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Finds which of the given pathspecs match items in the index.
+ *
+ * This is a one-shot wrapper around add_pathspec_matches_against_index()
+ * which allocates, populates, and returns a seen[] array indicating the
+ * nature of the "closest" (i.e. most specific) matches which each of the
+ * given pathspecs achieves against all items in the index.
+ */
+char *find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	char *seen = xcalloc(pathspec->nr, 1);
+	add_pathspec_matches_against_index(pathspec, seen);
+	return seen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Magic pathspec
+ *
+ * Possible future magic semantics include stuff like:
+ *
+ *	{ PATHSPEC_RECURSIVE, '*', "recursive" },
+ *	{ PATHSPEC_REGEXP, '\0', "regexp" },
+ *
+ */
+
+static struct pathspec_magic {
+	unsigned bit;
+	char mnemonic; /* this cannot be ':'! */
+	const char *name;
+} pathspec_magic[] = {
+	{ PATHSPEC_FROMTOP, '/', "top" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_LITERAL,   0, "literal" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_GLOB,   '\0', "glob" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_ICASE,  '\0', "icase" },
+	{ PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE, '!', "exclude" },
+};
+
+static void prefix_short_magic(struct strbuf *sb, int prefixlen,
+			       unsigned short_magic)
+{
+	int i;
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, ":(");
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
+		if (short_magic & pathspec_magic[i].bit) {
+			if (sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '(')
+				strbuf_addch(sb, ',');
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, pathspec_magic[i].name);
+		}
+	strbuf_addf(sb, ",prefix:%d)", prefixlen);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Take an element of a pathspec and check for magic signatures.
+ * Append the result to the prefix. Return the magic bitmap.
+ *
+ * For now, we only parse the syntax and throw out anything other than
+ * "top" magic.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: This needs to be rewritten when we start migrating
+ * get_pathspec() users to use the "struct pathspec" interface.  For
+ * example, a pathspec element may be marked as case-insensitive, but
+ * the prefix part must always match literally, and a single stupid
+ * string cannot express such a case.
+ */
+static unsigned prefix_pathspec(struct pathspec_item *item,
+				unsigned *p_short_magic,
+				const char **raw, unsigned flags,
+				const char *prefix, int prefixlen,
+				const char *elt)
+{
+	static int literal_global = -1;
+	static int glob_global = -1;
+	static int noglob_global = -1;
+	static int icase_global = -1;
+	unsigned magic = 0, short_magic = 0, global_magic = 0;
+	const char *copyfrom = elt, *long_magic_end = NULL;
+	char *match;
+	int i, pathspec_prefix = -1;
+
+	if (literal_global < 0)
+		literal_global = git_env_bool(GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (literal_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+
+	if (glob_global < 0)
+		glob_global = git_env_bool(GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (glob_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_GLOB;
+
+	if (noglob_global < 0)
+		noglob_global = git_env_bool(GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+
+	if (glob_global && noglob_global)
+		die(_("global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"));
+
+
+	if (icase_global < 0)
+		icase_global = git_env_bool(GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS_ENVIRONMENT, 0);
+	if (icase_global)
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_ICASE;
+
+	if ((global_magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL) &&
+	    (global_magic & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+		die(_("global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible "
+		      "with all other global pathspec settings"));
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH)
+		global_magic = 0;
+
+	if (elt[0] != ':' || literal_global ||
+	    (flags & PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH)) {
+		; /* nothing to do */
+	} else if (elt[1] == '(') {
+		/* longhand */
+		const char *nextat;
+		for (copyfrom = elt + 2;
+		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ')';
+		     copyfrom = nextat) {
+			size_t len = strcspn(copyfrom, ",)");
+			if (copyfrom[len] == ',')
+				nextat = copyfrom + len + 1;
+			else
+				/* handle ')' and '\0' */
+				nextat = copyfrom + len;
+			if (!len)
+				continue;
+			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++) {
+				if (strlen(pathspec_magic[i].name) == len &&
+				    !strncmp(pathspec_magic[i].name, copyfrom, len)) {
+					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
+					break;
+				}
+				if (starts_with(copyfrom, "prefix:")) {
+					char *endptr;
+					pathspec_prefix = strtol(copyfrom + 7,
+								 &endptr, 10);
+					if (endptr - copyfrom != len)
+						die(_("invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"));
+					/* "i" would be wrong, but it does not matter */
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
+				die(_("Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"),
+				    (int) len, copyfrom, elt);
+		}
+		if (*copyfrom != ')')
+			die(_("Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"), elt);
+		long_magic_end = copyfrom;
+		copyfrom++;
+	} else {
+		/* shorthand */
+		for (copyfrom = elt + 1;
+		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ':';
+		     copyfrom++) {
+			char ch = *copyfrom;
+
+			if (!is_pathspec_magic(ch))
+				break;
+			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
+				if (pathspec_magic[i].mnemonic == ch) {
+					short_magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
+					break;
+				}
+			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
+				die(_("Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"),
+				    ch, elt);
+		}
+		if (*copyfrom == ':')
+			copyfrom++;
+	}
+
+	magic |= short_magic;
+	*p_short_magic = short_magic;
+
+	/* --noglob-pathspec adds :(literal) _unless_ :(glob) is specified */
+	if (noglob_global && !(magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB))
+		global_magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+
+	/* --glob-pathspec is overridden by :(literal) */
+	if ((global_magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB) && (magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+		global_magic &= ~PATHSPEC_GLOB;
+
+	magic |= global_magic;
+
+	if (pathspec_prefix >= 0 &&
+	    (prefixlen || (prefix && *prefix)))
+		die("BUG: 'prefix' magic is supposed to be used at worktree's root");
+
+	if ((magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL) && (magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB))
+		die(_("%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"), elt);
+
+	if (pathspec_prefix >= 0) {
+		match = xstrdup(copyfrom);
+		prefixlen = pathspec_prefix;
+	} else if (magic & PATHSPEC_FROMTOP) {
+		match = xstrdup(copyfrom);
+		prefixlen = 0;
+	} else {
+		match = prefix_path_gently(prefix, prefixlen, &prefixlen, copyfrom);
+		if (!match)
+			die(_("%s: '%s' is outside repository"), elt, copyfrom);
+	}
+	*raw = item->match = match;
+	/*
+	 * Prefix the pathspec (keep all magic) and assign to
+	 * original. Useful for passing to another command.
+	 */
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		if (prefixlen && !literal_global) {
+			/* Preserve the actual prefix length of each pattern */
+			if (short_magic)
+				prefix_short_magic(&sb, prefixlen, short_magic);
+			else if (long_magic_end) {
+				strbuf_add(&sb, elt, long_magic_end - elt);
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, ",prefix:%d)", prefixlen);
+			} else
+				strbuf_addf(&sb, ":(prefix:%d)", prefixlen);
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, match);
+		item->original = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+	} else
+		item->original = elt;
+	item->len = strlen(item->match);
+	item->prefix = prefixlen;
+
+	if ((flags & PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP) &&
+	    (item->len >= 1 && item->match[item->len - 1] == '/') &&
+	    (i = cache_name_pos(item->match, item->len - 1)) >= 0 &&
+	    S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[i]->ce_mode)) {
+		item->len--;
+		match[item->len] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE)
+		for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+			int ce_len = ce_namelen(ce);
+
+			if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+				continue;
+
+			if (item->len <= ce_len || match[ce_len] != '/' ||
+			    memcmp(ce->name, match, ce_len))
+				continue;
+			if (item->len == ce_len + 1) {
+				/* strip trailing slash */
+				item->len--;
+				match[item->len] = '\0';
+			} else
+				die (_("Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"),
+				     elt, ce_len, ce->name);
+		}
+
+	if (magic & PATHSPEC_LITERAL)
+		item->nowildcard_len = item->len;
+	else {
+		item->nowildcard_len = simple_length(item->match);
+		if (item->nowildcard_len < prefixlen)
+			item->nowildcard_len = prefixlen;
+	}
+	item->flags = 0;
+	if (magic & PATHSPEC_GLOB) {
+		/*
+		 * FIXME: should we enable ONESTAR in _GLOB for
+		 * pattern "* * / * . c"?
+		 */
+	} else {
+		if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len &&
+		    item->match[item->nowildcard_len] == '*' &&
+		    no_wildcard(item->match + item->nowildcard_len + 1))
+			item->flags |= PATHSPEC_ONESTAR;
+	}
+
+	/* sanity checks, pathspec matchers assume these are sane */
+	assert(item->nowildcard_len <= item->len &&
+	       item->prefix         <= item->len);
+	return magic;
+}
+
+static int pathspec_item_cmp(const void *a_, const void *b_)
+{
+	struct pathspec_item *a, *b;
+
+	a = (struct pathspec_item *)a_;
+	b = (struct pathspec_item *)b_;
+	return strcmp(a->match, b->match);
+}
+
+static void NORETURN unsupported_magic(const char *pattern,
+				       unsigned magic,
+				       unsigned short_magic)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, n;
+	for (n = i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++) {
+		const struct pathspec_magic *m = pathspec_magic + i;
+		if (!(magic & m->bit))
+			continue;
+		if (sb.len)
+			strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
+		if (short_magic & m->bit)
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "'%c'", m->mnemonic);
+		else
+			strbuf_addf(&sb, "'%s'", m->name);
+		n++;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * We may want to substitute "this command" with a command
+	 * name. E.g. when add--interactive dies when running
+	 * "checkout -p"
+	 */
+	die(_("%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"),
+	    pattern, sb.buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given command line arguments and a prefix, convert the input to
+ * pathspec. die() if any magic in magic_mask is used.
+ */
+void parse_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		    unsigned magic_mask, unsigned flags,
+		    const char *prefix, const char **argv)
+{
+	struct pathspec_item *item;
+	const char *entry = argv ? *argv : NULL;
+	int i, n, prefixlen, nr_exclude = 0;
+
+	memset(pathspec, 0, sizeof(*pathspec));
+
+	if (flags & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID)
+		pathspec->magic |= PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH;
+
+	/* No arguments, no prefix -> no pathspec */
+	if (!entry && !prefix)
+		return;
+
+	if ((flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD) &&
+	    (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL))
+		die("BUG: PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD and PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL are incompatible");
+
+	/* No arguments with prefix -> prefix pathspec */
+	if (!entry) {
+		static const char *raw[2];
+
+		if (flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL)
+			return;
+
+		if (!(flags & PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD))
+			die("BUG: PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD requires arguments");
+
+		pathspec->items = item = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*item));
+		item->match = prefix;
+		item->original = prefix;
+		item->nowildcard_len = item->len = strlen(prefix);
+		item->prefix = item->len;
+		raw[0] = prefix;
+		raw[1] = NULL;
+		pathspec->nr = 1;
+		pathspec->_raw = raw;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	n = 0;
+	while (argv[n])
+		n++;
+
+	pathspec->nr = n;
+	pathspec->items = item = xmalloc(sizeof(*item) * n);
+	pathspec->_raw = argv;
+	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		unsigned short_magic;
+		entry = argv[i];
+
+		item[i].magic = prefix_pathspec(item + i, &short_magic,
+						argv + i, flags,
+						prefix, prefixlen, entry);
+		if ((flags & PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH) &&
+		    !(magic_mask & PATHSPEC_LITERAL))
+			item[i].magic |= PATHSPEC_LITERAL;
+		if (item[i].magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)
+			nr_exclude++;
+		if (item[i].magic & magic_mask)
+			unsupported_magic(entry,
+					  item[i].magic & magic_mask,
+					  short_magic);
+
+		if ((flags & PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH) &&
+		    has_symlink_leading_path(item[i].match, item[i].len)) {
+			die(_("pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"), entry);
+		}
+
+		if (item[i].nowildcard_len < item[i].len)
+			pathspec->has_wildcard = 1;
+		pathspec->magic |= item[i].magic;
+	}
+
+	if (nr_exclude == n)
+		die(_("There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+		      "Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"));
+
+
+	if (pathspec->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) {
+		if (flags & PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER)
+			die("BUG: PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID and PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER are incompatible");
+		qsort(pathspec->items, pathspec->nr,
+		      sizeof(struct pathspec_item), pathspec_item_cmp);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * N.B. get_pathspec() is deprecated in favor of the "struct pathspec"
+ * based interface - see pathspec.c:parse_pathspec().
+ *
+ * Arguments:
+ *  - prefix - a path relative to the root of the working tree
+ *  - pathspec - a list of paths underneath the prefix path
+ *
+ * Iterates over pathspec, prepending each path with prefix,
+ * and return the resulting list.
+ *
+ * If pathspec is empty, return a singleton list containing prefix.
+ *
+ * If pathspec and prefix are both empty, return an empty list.
+ *
+ * This is typically used by built-in commands such as add.c, in order
+ * to normalize argv arguments provided to the built-in into a list of
+ * paths to process, all relative to the root of the working tree.
+ */
+const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
+{
+	struct pathspec ps;
+	parse_pathspec(&ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC &
+		       ~(PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL),
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD,
+		       prefix, pathspec);
+	return ps._raw;
+}
+
+void copy_pathspec(struct pathspec *dst, const struct pathspec *src)
+{
+	*dst = *src;
+	dst->items = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pathspec_item) * dst->nr);
+	memcpy(dst->items, src->items,
+	       sizeof(struct pathspec_item) * dst->nr);
+}
+
+void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	free(pathspec->items);
+	pathspec->items = NULL;
+}
diff --git a/pathspec.h b/pathspec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0c1126264a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pathspec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#ifndef PATHSPEC_H
+#define PATHSPEC_H
+
+/* Pathspec magic */
+#define PATHSPEC_FROMTOP	(1<<0)
+#define PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH	(1<<1)
+#define PATHSPEC_LITERAL	(1<<2)
+#define PATHSPEC_GLOB		(1<<3)
+#define PATHSPEC_ICASE		(1<<4)
+#define PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE	(1<<5)
+#define PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC	  \
+	(PATHSPEC_FROMTOP	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_LITERAL	| \
+	 PATHSPEC_GLOB		| \
+	 PATHSPEC_ICASE		| \
+	 PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)
+
+#define PATHSPEC_ONESTAR 1	/* the pathspec pattern satisfies GFNM_ONESTAR */
+
+struct pathspec {
+	const char **_raw; /* get_pathspec() result, not freed by free_pathspec() */
+	int nr;
+	unsigned int has_wildcard:1;
+	unsigned int recursive:1;
+	unsigned magic;
+	int max_depth;
+	struct pathspec_item {
+		const char *match;
+		const char *original;
+		unsigned magic;
+		int len, prefix;
+		int nowildcard_len;
+		int flags;
+	} *items;
+};
+
+#define GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps, mask) \
+	do { \
+		if ((ps)->magic & ~(mask))	       \
+			die("BUG:%s:%d: unsupported magic %x",	\
+			    __FILE__, __LINE__, (ps)->magic & ~(mask)); \
+	} while (0)
+
+/* parse_pathspec flags */
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFER_CWD (1<<0) /* No args means match cwd */
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL (1<<1) /* No args means match everything */
+#define PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH_VALID (1<<2) /* max_depth field is valid */
+/* strip the trailing slash if the given path is a gitlink */
+#define PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_CHEAP (1<<3)
+/* die if a symlink is part of the given path's directory */
+#define PATHSPEC_SYMLINK_LEADING_PATH (1<<4)
+/*
+ * This is like a combination of ..LEADING_PATH and .._SLASH_CHEAP
+ * (but not the same): it strips the trailing slash if the given path
+ * is a gitlink but also checks and dies if gitlink is part of the
+ * leading path (i.e. the given path goes beyond a submodule). It's
+ * safer than _SLASH_CHEAP and also more expensive.
+ */
+#define PATHSPEC_STRIP_SUBMODULE_SLASH_EXPENSIVE (1<<5)
+#define PATHSPEC_PREFIX_ORIGIN (1<<6)
+#define PATHSPEC_KEEP_ORDER (1<<7)
+/*
+ * For the callers that just need pure paths from somewhere else, not
+ * from command line. Global --*-pathspecs options are ignored. No
+ * magic is parsed in each pathspec either. If PATHSPEC_LITERAL is
+ * allowed, then it will automatically set for every pathspec.
+ */
+#define PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH (1<<8)
+
+extern void parse_pathspec(struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			   unsigned magic_mask,
+			   unsigned flags,
+			   const char *prefix,
+			   const char **args);
+extern void copy_pathspec(struct pathspec *dst, const struct pathspec *src);
+extern void free_pathspec(struct pathspec *);
+
+static inline int ps_strncmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			     const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		return strncasecmp(s1, s2, n);
+	else
+		return strncmp(s1, s2, n);
+}
+
+static inline int ps_strcmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			    const char *s1, const char *s2)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
+	else
+		return strcmp(s1, s2);
+}
+
+extern char *find_pathspecs_matching_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec);
+extern void add_pathspec_matches_against_index(const struct pathspec *pathspec, char *seen);
+extern const char *check_path_for_gitlink(const char *path);
+extern void die_if_path_beyond_symlink(const char *path, const char *prefix);
+
+#endif /* PATHSPEC_H */
diff --git a/perl/.gitignore b/perl/.gitignore
index d5c6e22d0f..0f1fc27f86 100644
--- a/perl/.gitignore
+++ b/perl/.gitignore
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ MYMETA.yml
 blib
 blibdirs
 pm_to_blib
+PM.stamp
diff --git a/perl/Git.pm b/perl/Git.pm
index f7ce511bbb..9026a7bb98 100644
--- a/perl/Git.pm
+++ b/perl/Git.pm
@@ -58,8 +58,10 @@ require Exporter;
                 command_output_pipe command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
                 command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe
                 version exec_path html_path hash_object git_cmd_try
-                remote_refs
-                temp_acquire temp_release temp_reset temp_path);
+                remote_refs prompt
+                get_tz_offset
+                credential credential_read credential_write
+                temp_acquire temp_is_locked temp_release temp_reset temp_path);
 
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ use Error qw(:try);
 use Cwd qw(abs_path cwd);
 use IPC::Open2 qw(open2);
 use Fcntl qw(SEEK_SET SEEK_CUR);
+use Time::Local qw(timegm);
 }
 
 
@@ -267,13 +270,13 @@ sub command {
 
 	if (not defined wantarray) {
 		# Nothing to pepper the possible exception with.
-		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 
 	} elsif (not wantarray) {
 		local $/;
 		my $text = <$fh>;
 		try {
-			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+			_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 			# Pepper with the output:
 			my $E = shift;
@@ -286,7 +289,7 @@ sub command {
 		my @lines = <$fh>;
 		defined and chomp for @lines;
 		try {
-			_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+			_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 		} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 			my $E = shift;
 			$E->{'-outputref'} = \@lines;
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ sub command_oneline {
 	my $line = <$fh>;
 	defined $line and chomp $line;
 	try {
-		_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+		_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 	} catch Git::Error::Command with {
 		# Pepper with the output:
 		my $E = shift;
@@ -381,7 +384,7 @@ have more complicated structure.
 sub command_close_pipe {
 	my ($self, $fh, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
 	$ctx ||= '<unknown>';
-	_cmd_close($fh, $ctx);
+	_cmd_close($ctx, $fh);
 }
 
 =item command_bidi_pipe ( COMMAND [, ARGUMENTS... ] )
@@ -418,7 +421,7 @@ and it is the fourth value returned by C<command_bidi_pipe()>.  The call idiom
 is:
 
 	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
-	print "000000000\n" $out;
+	print $out "000000000\n";
 	while (<$in>) { ... }
 	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, $out, $ctx);
 
@@ -426,23 +429,26 @@ Note that you should not rely on whatever actually is in C<CTX>;
 currently it is simply the command name but in future the context might
 have more complicated structure.
 
+C<PIPE_IN> and C<PIPE_OUT> may be C<undef> if they have been closed prior to
+calling this function.  This may be useful in a query-response type of
+commands where caller first writes a query and later reads response, eg:
+
+	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = $r->command_bidi_pipe('cat-file --batch-check');
+	print $out "000000000\n";
+	close $out;
+	while (<$in>) { ... }
+	$r->command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $in, undef, $ctx);
+
+This idiom may prevent potential dead locks caused by data sent to the output
+pipe not being flushed and thus not reaching the executed command.
+
 =cut
 
 sub command_close_bidi_pipe {
 	local $?;
-	my ($pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = @_;
-	foreach my $fh ($in, $out) {
-		unless (close $fh) {
-			if ($!) {
-				carp "error closing pipe: $!";
-			} elsif ($? >> 8) {
-				throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
+	my ($self, $pid, $in, $out, $ctx) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	_cmd_close($ctx, (grep { defined } ($in, $out)));
 	waitpid $pid, 0;
-
 	if ($? >> 8) {
 		throw Git::Error::Command($ctx, $? >>8);
 	}
@@ -512,6 +518,79 @@ C<git --html-path>). Useful mostly only internally.
 sub html_path { command_oneline('--html-path') }
 
 
+=item get_tz_offset ( TIME )
+
+Return the time zone offset from GMT in the form +/-HHMM where HH is
+the number of hours from GMT and MM is the number of minutes.  This is
+the equivalent of what strftime("%z", ...) would provide on a GNU
+platform.
+
+If TIME is not supplied, the current local time is used.
+
+=cut
+
+sub get_tz_offset {
+	# some systmes don't handle or mishandle %z, so be creative.
+	my $t = shift || time;
+	my $gm = timegm(localtime($t));
+	my $sign = qw( + + - )[ $gm <=> $t ];
+	return sprintf("%s%02d%02d", $sign, (gmtime(abs($t - $gm)))[2,1]);
+}
+
+
+=item prompt ( PROMPT , ISPASSWORD  )
+
+Query user C<PROMPT> and return answer from user.
+
+Honours GIT_ASKPASS and SSH_ASKPASS environment variables for querying
+the user. If no *_ASKPASS variable is set or an error occoured,
+the terminal is tried as a fallback.
+If C<ISPASSWORD> is set and true, the terminal disables echo.
+
+=cut
+
+sub prompt {
+	my ($prompt, $isPassword) = @_;
+	my $ret;
+	if (exists $ENV{'GIT_ASKPASS'}) {
+		$ret = _prompt($ENV{'GIT_ASKPASS'}, $prompt);
+	}
+	if (!defined $ret && exists $ENV{'SSH_ASKPASS'}) {
+		$ret = _prompt($ENV{'SSH_ASKPASS'}, $prompt);
+	}
+	if (!defined $ret) {
+		print STDERR $prompt;
+		STDERR->flush;
+		if (defined $isPassword && $isPassword) {
+			require Term::ReadKey;
+			Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
+			$ret = '';
+			while (defined(my $key = Term::ReadKey::ReadKey(0))) {
+				last if $key =~ /[\012\015]/; # \n\r
+				$ret .= $key;
+			}
+			Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('restore');
+			print STDERR "\n";
+			STDERR->flush;
+		} else {
+			chomp($ret = <STDIN>);
+		}
+	}
+	return $ret;
+}
+
+sub _prompt {
+	my ($askpass, $prompt) = @_;
+	return unless length $askpass;
+	$prompt =~ s/\n/ /g;
+	my $ret;
+	open my $fh, "-|", $askpass, $prompt or return;
+	$ret = <$fh>;
+	$ret =~ s/[\015\012]//g; # strip \r\n, chomp does not work on all systems (i.e. windows) as expected
+	close ($fh);
+	return $ret;
+}
+
 =item repo_path ()
 
 Return path to the git repository. Must be called on a repository instance.
@@ -616,7 +695,7 @@ Retrieve the integer configuration C<VARIABLE>. The return value
 is simple decimal number.  An optional value suffix of 'k', 'm',
 or 'g' in the config file will cause the value to be multiplied
 by 1024, 1048576 (1024^2), or 1073741824 (1024^3) prior to output.
-It would return C<undef> if configuration variable is not defined,
+It would return C<undef> if configuration variable is not defined.
 
 =cut
 
@@ -625,7 +704,7 @@ sub config_int {
 }
 
 # Common subroutine to implement bulk of what the config* family of methods
-# do. This curently wraps command('config') so it is not so fast.
+# do. This currently wraps command('config') so it is not so fast.
 sub _config_common {
 	my ($opts) = shift @_;
 	my ($self, $var) = _maybe_self(@_);
@@ -691,7 +770,7 @@ The hash is in the format C<refname =\> hash>. For tags, the C<refname> entry
 contains the tag object while a C<refname^{}> entry gives the tagged objects.
 
 C<REPOSITORY> has the same meaning as the appropriate C<git-ls-remote>
-argument; either an URL or a remote name (if called on a repository instance).
+argument; either a URL or a remote name (if called on a repository instance).
 C<GROUPS> is an optional arrayref that can contain 'tags' to return all the
 tags and/or 'heads' to return all the heads. C<REFGLOB> is an optional array
 of strings containing a shell-like glob to further limit the refs returned in
@@ -890,20 +969,22 @@ sub cat_blob {
 	my $size = $1;
 
 	my $blob;
-	my $bytesRead = 0;
+	my $bytesLeft = $size;
 
 	while (1) {
-		my $bytesLeft = $size - $bytesRead;
 		last unless $bytesLeft;
 
 		my $bytesToRead = $bytesLeft < 1024 ? $bytesLeft : 1024;
-		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead, $bytesRead);
+		my $read = read($in, $blob, $bytesToRead);
 		unless (defined($read)) {
 			$self->_close_cat_blob();
 			throw Error::Simple("in pipe went bad");
 		}
-
-		$bytesRead += $read;
+		unless (print $fh $blob) {
+			$self->_close_cat_blob();
+			throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
+		}
+		$bytesLeft -= $read;
 	}
 
 	# Skip past the trailing newline.
@@ -918,11 +999,6 @@ sub cat_blob {
 		throw Error::Simple("didn't find newline after blob");
 	}
 
-	unless (print $fh $blob) {
-		$self->_close_cat_blob();
-		throw Error::Simple("couldn't write to passed in filehandle");
-	}
-
 	return $size;
 }
 
@@ -948,13 +1024,163 @@ sub _close_cat_blob {
 }
 
 
+=item credential_read( FILEHANDLE )
+
+Reads credential key-value pairs from C<FILEHANDLE>.  Reading stops at EOF or
+when an empty line is encountered.  Each line must be of the form C<key=value>
+with a non-empty key.  Function returns hash with all read values.  Any white
+space (other than new-line character) is preserved.
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential_read {
+	my ($self, $reader) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my %credential;
+	while (<$reader>) {
+		chomp;
+		if ($_ eq '') {
+			last;
+		} elsif (!/^([^=]+)=(.*)$/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("unable to parse git credential data:\n$_");
+		}
+		$credential{$1} = $2;
+	}
+	return %credential;
+}
+
+=item credential_write( FILEHANDLE, CREDENTIAL_HASHREF )
+
+Writes credential key-value pairs from hash referenced by
+C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> to C<FILEHANDLE>.  Keys and values cannot contain
+new-lines or NUL bytes characters, and key cannot contain equal signs nor be
+empty (if they do Error::Simple is thrown).  Any white space is preserved.  If
+value for a key is C<undef>, it will be skipped.
+
+If C<'url'> key exists it will be written first.  (All the other key-value
+pairs are written in sorted order but you should not depend on that).  Once
+all lines are written, an empty line is printed.
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential_write {
+	my ($self, $writer, $credential) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my ($key, $value);
+
+	# Check if $credential is valid prior to writing anything
+	while (($key, $value) = each %$credential) {
+		if (!defined $key || !length $key) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential key empty or undefined");
+		} elsif ($key =~ /[=\n\0]/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential key contains invalid characters: $key");
+		} elsif (defined $value && $value =~ /[\n\0]/) {
+			throw Error::Simple("credential value for key=$key contains invalid characters: $value");
+		}
+	}
+
+	for $key (sort {
+		# url overwrites other fields, so it must come first
+		return -1 if $a eq 'url';
+		return  1 if $b eq 'url';
+		return $a cmp $b;
+	} keys %$credential) {
+		if (defined $credential->{$key}) {
+			print $writer $key, '=', $credential->{$key}, "\n";
+		}
+	}
+	print $writer "\n";
+}
+
+sub _credential_run {
+	my ($self, $credential, $op) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my ($pid, $reader, $writer, $ctx) = command_bidi_pipe('credential', $op);
+
+	credential_write $writer, $credential;
+	close $writer;
+
+	if ($op eq "fill") {
+		%$credential = credential_read $reader;
+	}
+	if (<$reader>) {
+		throw Error::Simple("unexpected output from git credential $op response:\n$_\n");
+	}
+
+	command_close_bidi_pipe($pid, $reader, undef, $ctx);
+}
+
+=item credential( CREDENTIAL_HASHREF [, OPERATION ] )
+
+=item credential( CREDENTIAL_HASHREF, CODE )
+
+Executes C<git credential> for a given set of credentials and specified
+operation.  In both forms C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> needs to be a reference to
+a hash which stores credentials.  Under certain conditions the hash can
+change.
+
+In the first form, C<OPERATION> can be C<'fill'>, C<'approve'> or C<'reject'>,
+and function will execute corresponding C<git credential> sub-command.  If
+it's omitted C<'fill'> is assumed.  In case of C<'fill'> the values stored in
+C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> will be changed to the ones returned by the C<git
+credential fill> command.  The usual usage would look something like:
+
+	my %cred = (
+		'protocol' => 'https',
+		'host' => 'example.com',
+		'username' => 'bob'
+	);
+	Git::credential \%cred;
+	if (try_to_authenticate($cred{'username'}, $cred{'password'})) {
+		Git::credential \%cred, 'approve';
+		... do more stuff ...
+	} else {
+		Git::credential \%cred, 'reject';
+	}
+
+In the second form, C<CODE> needs to be a reference to a subroutine.  The
+function will execute C<git credential fill> to fill the provided credential
+hash, then call C<CODE> with C<CREDENTIAL_HASHREF> as the sole argument.  If
+C<CODE>'s return value is defined, the function will execute C<git credential
+approve> (if return value yields true) or C<git credential reject> (if return
+value is false).  If the return value is undef, nothing at all is executed;
+this is useful, for example, if the credential could neither be verified nor
+rejected due to an unrelated network error.  The return value is the same as
+what C<CODE> returns.  With this form, the usage might look as follows:
+
+	if (Git::credential {
+		'protocol' => 'https',
+		'host' => 'example.com',
+		'username' => 'bob'
+	}, sub {
+		my $cred = shift;
+		return !!try_to_authenticate($cred->{'username'},
+		                             $cred->{'password'});
+	}) {
+		... do more stuff ...
+	}
+
+=cut
+
+sub credential {
+	my ($self, $credential, $op_or_code) = (_maybe_self(@_), 'fill');
+
+	if ('CODE' eq ref $op_or_code) {
+		_credential_run $credential, 'fill';
+		my $ret = $op_or_code->($credential);
+		if (defined $ret) {
+			_credential_run $credential, $ret ? 'approve' : 'reject';
+		}
+		return $ret;
+	} else {
+		_credential_run $credential, $op_or_code;
+	}
+}
+
 { # %TEMP_* Lexical Context
 
 my (%TEMP_FILEMAP, %TEMP_FILES);
 
 =item temp_acquire ( NAME )
 
-Attempts to retreive the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
+Attempts to retrieve the temporary file mapped to the string C<NAME>. If an
 associated temp file has not been created this session or was closed, it is
 created, cached, and set for autoflush and binmode.
 
@@ -980,6 +1206,35 @@ sub temp_acquire {
 	$temp_fd;
 }
 
+=item temp_is_locked ( NAME )
+
+Returns true if the internal lock created by a previous C<temp_acquire()>
+call with C<NAME> is still in effect.
+
+When temp_acquire is called on a C<NAME>, it internally locks the temporary
+file mapped to C<NAME>.  That lock will not be released until C<temp_release()>
+is called with either the original C<NAME> or the L<File::Handle> that was
+returned from the original call to temp_acquire.
+
+Subsequent attempts to call C<temp_acquire()> with the same C<NAME> will fail
+unless there has been an intervening C<temp_release()> call for that C<NAME>
+(or its corresponding L<File::Handle> that was returned by the original
+C<temp_acquire()> call).
+
+If true is returned by C<temp_is_locked()> for a C<NAME>, an attempt to
+C<temp_acquire()> the same C<NAME> will cause an error unless
+C<temp_release> is first called on that C<NAME> (or its corresponding
+L<File::Handle> that was returned by the original C<temp_acquire()> call).
+
+=cut
+
+sub temp_is_locked {
+	my ($self, $name) = _maybe_self(@_);
+	my $temp_fd = \$TEMP_FILEMAP{$name};
+
+	defined $$temp_fd && $$temp_fd->opened && $TEMP_FILES{$$temp_fd}{locked};
+}
+
 =item temp_release ( NAME )
 
 =item temp_release ( FILEHANDLE )
@@ -1039,8 +1294,11 @@ sub _temp_cache {
 			$tmpdir = $self->repo_path();
 		}
 
-		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp->tempfile(
-			'Git_XXXXXX', UNLINK => 1, DIR => $tmpdir,
+		my $n = $name;
+		$n =~ s/\W/_/g; # no strange chars
+
+		($$temp_fd, $fname) = File::Temp::tempfile(
+			"Git_${n}_XXXXXX", UNLINK => 1, DIR => $tmpdir,
 			) or throw Error::Simple("couldn't open new temp file");
 
 		$$temp_fd->autoflush;
@@ -1263,12 +1521,12 @@ sub _command_common_pipe {
 		if (not defined $pid) {
 			throw Error::Simple("open failed: $!");
 		} elsif ($pid == 0) {
-			if (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
-				close STDERR;
-			}
 			if ($opts{STDERR}) {
 				open (STDERR, '>&', $opts{STDERR})
 					or die "dup failed: $!";
+			} elsif (defined $opts{STDERR}) {
+				open (STDERR, '>', '/dev/null')
+					or die "opening /dev/null failed: $!";
 			}
 			_cmd_exec($self, $cmd, @args);
 		}
@@ -1303,9 +1561,11 @@ sub _execv_git_cmd { exec('git', @_); }
 
 # Close pipe to a subprocess.
 sub _cmd_close {
-	my ($fh, $ctx) = @_;
-	if (not close $fh) {
-		if ($!) {
+	my $ctx = shift @_;
+	foreach my $fh (@_) {
+		if (close $fh) {
+			# nop
+		} elsif ($!) {
 			# It's just close, no point in fatalities
 			carp "error closing pipe: $!";
 		} elsif ($? >> 8) {
diff --git a/perl/Git/I18N.pm b/perl/Git/I18N.pm
index 07597dcb93..f889fd6da9 100644
--- a/perl/Git/I18N.pm
+++ b/perl/Git/I18N.pm
@@ -2,7 +2,16 @@ package Git::I18N;
 use 5.008;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use Exporter 'import';
+BEGIN {
+	require Exporter;
+	if ($] < 5.008003) {
+		*import = \&Exporter::import;
+	} else {
+		# Exporter 5.57 which supports this invocation was
+		# released with perl 5.8.3
+		Exporter->import('import');
+	}
+}
 
 our @EXPORT = qw(__);
 our @EXPORT_OK = @EXPORT;
@@ -59,7 +68,7 @@ Git::I18N - Perl interface to Git's Gettext localizations
 
 	print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
 
-	printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
+	printf __("The following error occurred: %s\n"), $error;
 
 =head1 DESCRIPTION
 
diff --git a/perl/Git/IndexInfo.pm b/perl/Git/IndexInfo.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a43108c985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/IndexInfo.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package Git::IndexInfo;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Git qw/command_input_pipe command_close_pipe/;
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class) = @_;
+	my ($gui, $ctx) = command_input_pipe(qw/update-index -z --index-info/);
+	bless { gui => $gui, ctx => $ctx, nr => 0}, $class;
+}
+
+sub remove {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if (print { $self->{gui} } '0 ', 0 x 40, "\t", $path, "\0") {
+		return ++$self->{nr};
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub update {
+	my ($self, $mode, $hash, $path) = @_;
+	if (print { $self->{gui} } $mode, ' ', $hash, "\t", $path, "\0") {
+		return ++$self->{nr};
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	command_close_pipe($self->{gui}, $self->{ctx});
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN.pm b/perl/Git/SVN.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..152fb7e927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,2458 @@
+package Git::SVN;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Fcntl qw/:DEFAULT :seek/;
+use constant rev_map_fmt => 'NH40';
+use vars qw/$_no_metadata
+            $_repack $_repack_flags $_use_svm_props $_head
+            $_use_svnsync_props $no_reuse_existing
+	    $_use_log_author $_add_author_from $_localtime/;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use IPC::Open3;
+use Memoize;  # core since 5.8.0, Jul 2002
+use POSIX qw(:signal_h);
+use Time::Local;
+
+use Git qw(
+    command
+    command_oneline
+    command_noisy
+    command_output_pipe
+    command_close_pipe
+    get_tz_offset
+);
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	fatal
+	can_compress
+	join_paths
+	canonicalize_path
+	canonicalize_url
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+my $memo_backend;
+our $_follow_parent  = 1;
+our $_minimize_url   = 'unset';
+our $default_repo_id = 'svn';
+our $default_ref_id  = $ENV{GIT_SVN_ID} || 'git-svn';
+
+my ($_gc_nr, $_gc_period);
+
+# properties that we do not log:
+my %SKIP_PROP;
+BEGIN {
+	%SKIP_PROP = map { $_ => 1 } qw/svn:wc:ra_dav:version-url
+	                                svn:special svn:executable
+	                                svn:entry:committed-rev
+	                                svn:entry:last-author
+	                                svn:entry:uuid
+	                                svn:entry:committed-date/;
+
+	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
+	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
+	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
+	no strict 'refs';
+	for my $option (qw/follow_parent no_metadata use_svm_props
+			   use_svnsync_props/) {
+		my $key = $option;
+		$key =~ tr/_//d;
+		my $prop = "-$option";
+		*$option = sub {
+			my ($self) = @_;
+			return $self->{$prop} if exists $self->{$prop};
+			my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.$key";
+			eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+			if ($@) {
+				$self->{$prop} = ${"Git::SVN::_$option"};
+			} else {
+				my $v = command_oneline(qw/config --bool/,$k);
+				$self->{$prop} = $v eq 'false' ? 0 : 1;
+			}
+			return $self->{$prop};
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+my (%LOCKFILES, %INDEX_FILES);
+END {
+	unlink keys %LOCKFILES if %LOCKFILES;
+	unlink keys %INDEX_FILES if %INDEX_FILES;
+}
+
+sub resolve_local_globs {
+	my ($url, $fetch, $glob_spec) = @_;
+	return unless defined $glob_spec;
+	my $ref = $glob_spec->{ref};
+	my $path = $glob_spec->{path};
+	foreach (command(qw#for-each-ref --format=%(refname) refs/#)) {
+		next unless m#^$ref->{regex}$#;
+		my $p = $1;
+		my $pathname = desanitize_refname($path->full_path($p));
+		my $refname = desanitize_refname($ref->full_path($p));
+		if (my $existing = $fetch->{$pathname}) {
+			if ($existing ne $refname) {
+				die "Refspec conflict:\n",
+				    "existing: $existing\n",
+				    " globbed: $refname\n";
+			}
+			my $u = (::cmt_metadata("$refname"))[0];
+			$u =~ s!^\Q$url\E(/|$)!! or die
+			  "$refname: '$url' not found in '$u'\n";
+			if ($pathname ne $u) {
+				warn "W: Refspec glob conflict ",
+				     "(ref: $refname):\n",
+				     "expected path: $pathname\n",
+				     "    real path: $u\n",
+				     "Continuing ahead with $u\n";
+				next;
+			}
+		} else {
+			$fetch->{$pathname} = $refname;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub parse_revision_argument {
+	my ($base, $head) = @_;
+	if (!defined $::_revision || $::_revision eq 'BASE:HEAD') {
+		return ($base, $head);
+	}
+	return ($1, $2) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/);
+	return ($::_revision, $::_revision) if ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/);
+	return ($head, $head) if ($::_revision eq 'HEAD');
+	return ($base, $1) if ($::_revision =~ /^BASE:(\d+)$/);
+	return ($1, $head) if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):HEAD$/);
+	die "revision argument: $::_revision not understood by git-svn\n";
+}
+
+sub fetch_all {
+	my ($repo_id, $remotes) = @_;
+	if (ref $repo_id) {
+		my $gs = $repo_id;
+		$repo_id = undef;
+		$repo_id = $gs->{repo_id};
+	}
+	$remotes ||= read_all_remotes();
+	my $remote = $remotes->{$repo_id} or
+	             die "[svn-remote \"$repo_id\"] unknown\n";
+	my $fetch = $remote->{fetch};
+	my $url = $remote->{url} or die "svn-remote.$repo_id.url not defined\n";
+	my (@gs, @globs);
+	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+	my $uuid = $ra->get_uuid;
+	my $head = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+
+	# ignore errors, $head revision may not even exist anymore
+	eval { $ra->get_log("", $head, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub { $head = $_[1] }) };
+	warn "W: $@\n" if $@;
+
+	my $base = defined $fetch ? $head : 0;
+
+	# read the max revs for wildcard expansion (branches/*, tags/*)
+	foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
+		defined $remote->{$t} or next;
+		push @globs, @{$remote->{$t}};
+
+		my $max_rev = eval { tmp_config(qw/--int --get/,
+		                         "svn-remote.$repo_id.${t}-maxRev") };
+		if (defined $max_rev && ($max_rev < $base)) {
+			$base = $max_rev;
+		} elsif (!defined $max_rev) {
+			$base = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($fetch) {
+		foreach my $p (sort keys %$fetch) {
+			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$p}, $repo_id, $p);
+			my $lr = $gs->rev_map_max;
+			if (defined $lr) {
+				$base = $lr if ($lr < $base);
+			}
+			push @gs, $gs;
+		}
+	}
+
+	($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument($base, $head);
+	$ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, \@gs, \@globs);
+}
+
+sub read_all_remotes {
+	my $r = {};
+	my $use_svm_props = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --bool
+	    svn.useSvmProps/) };
+	$use_svm_props = $use_svm_props eq 'true' if $use_svm_props;
+	my $svn_refspec = qr{\s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*};
+	foreach (grep { s/^svn-remote\.// } command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		if (m!^(.+)\.fetch=$svn_refspec$!) {
+			my ($remote, $local_ref, $remote_ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
+			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' "
+			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
+				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
+			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
+			$r->{$remote}->{fetch}->{$local_ref} = $remote_ref;
+			$r->{$remote}->{svm} = {} if $use_svm_props;
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.usesvmprops=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{svm} = {};
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.url=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{url} = canonicalize_url($2);
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.pushurl=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{pushurl} = canonicalize_url($2);
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.ignore-refs=\s*(.*)\s*$!) {
+			$r->{$1}->{ignore_refs_regex} = $2;
+		} elsif (m!^(.+)\.(branches|tags)=$svn_refspec$!) {
+			my ($remote, $t, $local_ref, $remote_ref) =
+			                                     ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+			die("svn-remote.$remote: remote ref '$remote_ref' ($t) "
+			    . "must start with 'refs/'\n")
+				unless $remote_ref =~ m{^refs/};
+			$local_ref = uri_decode($local_ref);
+
+			require Git::SVN::GlobSpec;
+			my $rs = {
+			    t => $t,
+			    remote => $remote,
+			    path => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($local_ref, 1),
+			    ref => Git::SVN::GlobSpec->new($remote_ref, 0) };
+			if (length($rs->{ref}->{right}) != 0) {
+				die "The '*' glob character must be the last ",
+				    "character of '$remote_ref'\n";
+			}
+			push @{ $r->{$remote}->{$t} }, $rs;
+		}
+	}
+
+	map {
+		if (defined $r->{$_}->{svm}) {
+			my $svm;
+			eval {
+				my $section = "svn-remote.$_";
+				$svm = {
+					source => tmp_config('--get',
+					    "$section.svm-source"),
+					replace => tmp_config('--get',
+					    "$section.svm-replace"),
+				}
+			};
+			$r->{$_}->{svm} = $svm;
+		}
+	} keys %$r;
+
+	foreach my $remote (keys %$r) {
+		foreach ( grep { defined $_ }
+			  map { $r->{$remote}->{$_} } qw(branches tags) ) {
+			foreach my $rs ( @$_ ) {
+				$rs->{ignore_refs_regex} =
+				    $r->{$remote}->{ignore_refs_regex};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	$r;
+}
+
+sub init_vars {
+	$_gc_nr = $_gc_period = 1000;
+	if (defined $_repack || defined $_repack_flags) {
+	       warn "Repack options are obsolete; they have no effect.\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub verify_remotes_sanity {
+	return unless -d $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	my %seen;
+	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		if (m!^svn-remote\.(?:.+)\.fetch=.*:refs/remotes/(\S+)\s*$!) {
+			if ($seen{$1}) {
+				die "Remote ref refs/remote/$1 is tracked by",
+				    "\n  \"$_\"\nand\n  \"$seen{$1}\"\n",
+				    "Please resolve this ambiguity in ",
+				    "your git configuration file before ",
+				    "continuing\n";
+			}
+			$seen{$1} = $_;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub find_existing_remote {
+	my ($url, $remotes) = @_;
+	return undef if $no_reuse_existing;
+	my $existing;
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
+		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		next if $u ne $url;
+		$existing = $repo_id;
+		last;
+	}
+	$existing;
+}
+
+sub init_remote_config {
+	my ($self, $url, $no_write) = @_;
+	$url = canonicalize_url($url);
+	my $r = read_all_remotes();
+	my $existing = find_existing_remote($url, $r);
+	if ($existing) {
+		unless ($no_write) {
+			print STDERR "Using existing ",
+				     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
+		}
+		$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
+	} elsif ($_minimize_url) {
+		my $min_url = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url)->minimize_url;
+		$existing = find_existing_remote($min_url, $r);
+		if ($existing) {
+			unless ($no_write) {
+				print STDERR "Using existing ",
+					     "[svn-remote \"$existing\"]\n";
+			}
+			$self->{repo_id} = $existing;
+		}
+		if ($min_url ne $url) {
+			unless ($no_write) {
+				print STDERR "Using higher level of URL: ",
+					     "$url => $min_url\n";
+			}
+			my $old_path = $self->path;
+			$url =~ s!^\Q$min_url\E(/|$)!!;
+			$url = join_paths($url, $old_path);
+			$self->path($url);
+			$url = $min_url;
+		}
+	}
+	my $orig_url;
+	if (!$existing) {
+		# verify that we aren't overwriting anything:
+		$orig_url = eval {
+			command_oneline('config', '--get',
+					"svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url")
+		};
+		if ($orig_url && ($orig_url ne $url)) {
+			die "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url already set: ",
+			    "$orig_url\nwanted to set to: $url\n";
+		}
+	}
+	my ($xrepo_id, $xpath) = find_ref($self->refname);
+	if (!$no_write && defined $xpath) {
+		die "svn-remote.$xrepo_id.fetch already set to track ",
+		    "$xpath:", $self->refname, "\n";
+	}
+	unless ($no_write) {
+		command_noisy('config',
+			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.url", $url);
+		my $path = $self->path;
+		$path =~ s{^/}{};
+		$path =~ s{%([0-9A-F]{2})}{chr hex($1)}ieg;
+		$self->path($path);
+		command_noisy('config', '--add',
+			      "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.fetch",
+			      $self->path.":".$self->refname);
+	}
+	$self->url($url);
+}
+
+sub find_by_url { # repos_root and, path are optional
+	my ($class, $full_url, $repos_root, $path) = @_;
+
+	$full_url = canonicalize_url($full_url);
+
+	return undef unless defined $full_url;
+	remove_username($full_url);
+	remove_username($repos_root) if defined $repos_root;
+	my $remotes = read_all_remotes();
+	if (defined $full_url && defined $repos_root && !defined $path) {
+		$path = $full_url;
+		$path =~ s#^\Q$repos_root\E(?:/|$)##;
+	}
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$remotes) {
+		my $u = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		remove_username($u);
+		next if defined $repos_root && $repos_root ne $u;
+
+		my $fetch = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{fetch} || {};
+		foreach my $t (qw/branches tags/) {
+			foreach my $globspec (@{$remotes->{$repo_id}->{$t}}) {
+				resolve_local_globs($u, $fetch, $globspec);
+			}
+		}
+		my $p = $path;
+		my $rwr = rewrite_root({repo_id => $repo_id});
+		my $svm = $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm}
+			if defined $remotes->{$repo_id}->{svm};
+		unless (defined $p) {
+			$p = $full_url;
+			my $z = $u;
+			my $prefix = '';
+			if ($rwr) {
+				$z = $rwr;
+				remove_username($z);
+			} elsif (defined $svm) {
+				$z = $svm->{source};
+				$prefix = $svm->{replace};
+				$prefix =~ s#^\Q$u\E(?:/|$)##;
+				$prefix =~ s#/$##;
+			}
+			$p =~ s#^\Q$z\E(?:/|$)#$prefix# or next;
+		}
+
+		# remote fetch paths are not URI escaped.  Decode ours
+		# so they match
+		$p = uri_decode($p);
+
+		foreach my $f (keys %$fetch) {
+			next if $f ne $p;
+			return Git::SVN->new($fetch->{$f}, $repo_id, $f);
+		}
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub init {
+	my ($class, $url, $path, $repo_id, $ref_id, $no_write) = @_;
+	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
+	if (defined $url) {
+		$self->init_remote_config($url, $no_write);
+	}
+	$self;
+}
+
+sub find_ref {
+	my ($ref_id) = @_;
+	foreach (command(qw/config -l/)) {
+		next unless m!^svn-remote\.(.+)\.fetch=
+		              \s*(.*?)\s*:\s*(.+?)\s*$!x;
+		my ($repo_id, $path, $ref) = ($1, $2, $3);
+		if ($ref eq $ref_id) {
+			$path = '' if ($path =~ m#^\./?#);
+			return ($repo_id, $path);
+		}
+	}
+	(undef, undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $ref_id, $repo_id, $path) = @_;
+	if (defined $ref_id && !defined $repo_id && !defined $path) {
+		($repo_id, $path) = find_ref($ref_id);
+		if (!defined $repo_id) {
+			die "Could not find a \"svn-remote.*.fetch\" key ",
+			    "in the repository configuration matching: ",
+			    "$ref_id\n";
+		}
+	}
+	my $self = _new($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path);
+	if (!defined $self->path || !length $self->path) {
+		my $fetch = command_oneline('config', '--get',
+		                            "svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch",
+		                            ":$ref_id\$") or
+		     die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.fetch\" ",
+		         "\":$ref_id\$\" in config\n";
+		my($path) = split(/\s*:\s*/, $fetch);
+		$self->path($path);
+	}
+	{
+		my $path = $self->path;
+		$path =~ s{\A/}{};
+		$path =~ s{/\z}{};
+		$self->path($path);
+	}
+	my $url = command_oneline('config', '--get',
+	                          "svn-remote.$repo_id.url") or
+                  die "Failed to read \"svn-remote.$repo_id.url\" in config\n";
+	$self->url($url);
+	$self->{pushurl} = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get',
+	                          "svn-remote.$repo_id.pushurl") };
+	$self->rebuild;
+	$self;
+}
+
+sub refname {
+	my ($refname) = $_[0]->{ref_id} ;
+
+	# It cannot end with a slash /, we'll throw up on this because
+	# SVN can't have directories with a slash in their name, either:
+	if ($refname =~ m{/$}) {
+		die "ref: '$refname' ends with a trailing slash; this is ",
+		    "not permitted by git or Subversion\n";
+	}
+
+	# It cannot have ASCII control character space, tilde ~, caret ^,
+	# colon :, question-mark ?, asterisk *, space, or open bracket [
+	# anywhere.
+	#
+	# Additionally, % must be escaped because it is used for escaping
+	# and we want our escaped refname to be reversible
+	$refname =~ s{([ \%~\^:\?\*\[\t])}{sprintf('%%%02X',ord($1))}eg;
+
+	# no slash-separated component can begin with a dot .
+	# /.* becomes /%2E*
+	$refname =~ s{/\.}{/%2E}g;
+
+	# It cannot have two consecutive dots .. anywhere
+	# .. becomes %2E%2E
+	$refname =~ s{\.\.}{%2E%2E}g;
+
+	# trailing dots and .lock are not allowed
+	# .$ becomes %2E and .lock becomes %2Elock
+	$refname =~ s{\.(?=$|lock$)}{%2E};
+
+	# the sequence @{ is used to access the reflog
+	# @{ becomes %40{
+	$refname =~ s{\@\{}{%40\{}g;
+
+	return $refname;
+}
+
+sub desanitize_refname {
+	my ($refname) = @_;
+	$refname =~ s{%(?:([0-9A-F]{2}))}{chr hex($1)}eg;
+	return $refname;
+}
+
+sub svm_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svm}->{uuid} if $self->svm;
+	$self->ra;
+	unless ($self->{svm}) {
+		die "SVM UUID not cached, and reading remotely failed\n";
+	}
+	$self->{svm}->{uuid};
+}
+
+sub svm {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svm} if $self->{svm};
+	my $svm;
+	# see if we have it in our config, first:
+	eval {
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+		$svm = {
+		  source => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-source"),
+		  uuid => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-uuid"),
+		  replace => tmp_config('--get', "$section.svm-replace"),
+		}
+	};
+	if ($svm && $svm->{source} && $svm->{uuid} && $svm->{replace}) {
+		$self->{svm} = $svm;
+	}
+	$self->{svm};
+}
+
+sub _set_svm_vars {
+	my ($self, $ra) = @_;
+	return $ra if $self->svm;
+
+	my @err = ( "useSvmProps set, but failed to read SVM properties\n",
+		    "(svm:source, svm:uuid) ",
+		    "from the following URLs:\n" );
+	sub read_svm_props {
+		my ($self, $ra, $path, $r) = @_;
+		my $props = ($ra->get_dir($path, $r))[2];
+		my $src = $props->{'svm:source'};
+		my $uuid = $props->{'svm:uuid'};
+		return undef if (!$src || !$uuid);
+
+		chomp($src, $uuid);
+
+		$uuid =~ m{^[0-9a-f\-]{30,}$}i
+		    or die "doesn't look right - svm:uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+		# the '!' is used to mark the repos_root!/relative/path
+		$src =~ s{/?!/?}{/};
+		$src =~ s{/+$}{}; # no trailing slashes please
+		# username is of no interest
+		$src =~ s{(^[a-z\+]*://)[^/@]*@}{$1};
+
+		my $replace = add_path_to_url($ra->url, $path);
+
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-source", $src);
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-replace", $replace);
+		tmp_config("$section.svm-uuid", $uuid);
+		$self->{svm} = {
+			source => $src,
+			uuid => $uuid,
+			replace => $replace
+		};
+	}
+
+	my $r = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+	my $path = $self->path;
+	my %tried;
+	while (length $path) {
+		my $try = add_path_to_url($self->url, $path);
+		unless ($tried{$try}) {
+			return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+			$tried{$try} = 1;
+		}
+		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
+	}
+	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
+	return $ra if $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+	$tried{ add_path_to_url($self->url, $path) } = 1;
+
+	if ($ra->{repos_root} eq $self->url) {
+		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
+	}
+
+	# nope, make sure we're connected to the repository root:
+	my $ok;
+	my @tried_b;
+	$path = $ra->{svn_path};
+	$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
+	while (length $path) {
+		my $try = add_path_to_url($ra->url, $path);
+		unless ($tried{$try}) {
+			$ok = $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+			last if $ok;
+			$tried{$try} = 1;
+		}
+		$path =~ s#/?[^/]+$##;
+	}
+	die "Path: '$path' should be ''\n" if $path ne '';
+	$ok ||= $self->read_svm_props($ra, $path, $r);
+	$tried{ add_path_to_url($ra->url, $path) } = 1;
+	if (!$ok) {
+		die @err, (map { "  $_\n" } keys %tried), "\n";
+	}
+	Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->url);
+}
+
+sub svnsync {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{svnsync} if $self->{svnsync};
+
+	if ($self->no_metadata) {
+		die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
+		    "'useSvnsyncProps' options set!\n";
+	}
+	if ($self->rewrite_root) {
+		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
+		    "options set!\n";
+	}
+	if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
+		die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
+		    "options set!\n";
+	}
+
+	my $svnsync;
+	# see if we have it in our config, first:
+	eval {
+		my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+
+		my $url = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-url");
+		($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
+		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
+
+		my $uuid = tmp_config('--get', "$section.svnsync-uuid");
+		($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
+		   die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+		$svnsync = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid }
+	};
+	if ($svnsync && $svnsync->{url} && $svnsync->{uuid}) {
+		return $self->{svnsync} = $svnsync;
+	}
+
+	my $err = "useSvnsyncProps set, but failed to read " .
+	          "svnsync property: svn:sync-from-";
+	my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist(0);
+
+	my $url = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-url'} or die $err . "url\n";
+	($url) = ($url =~ m{^([a-z\+]+://\S+)$}) or
+	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-url is '$url'\n";
+
+	my $uuid = $rp->{'svn:sync-from-uuid'} or die $err . "uuid\n";
+	($uuid) = ($uuid =~ m{^([0-9a-f\-]{30,})$}i) or
+	           die "doesn't look right - svn:sync-from-uuid is '$uuid'\n";
+
+	my $section = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}";
+	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-uuid", $uuid);
+	tmp_config('--add', "$section.svnsync-url", $url);
+	return $self->{svnsync} = { url => $url, uuid => $uuid };
+}
+
+# this allows us to memoize our SVN::Ra UUID locally and avoid a
+# remote lookup (useful for 'git svn log').
+sub ra_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	unless ($self->{ra_uuid}) {
+		my $key = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.uuid";
+		my $uuid = eval { tmp_config('--get', $key) };
+		if (!$@ && $uuid && $uuid =~ /^([a-f\d\-]{30,})$/i) {
+			$self->{ra_uuid} = $uuid;
+		} else {
+			die "ra_uuid called without URL\n" unless $self->url;
+			$self->{ra_uuid} = $self->ra->get_uuid;
+			tmp_config('--add', $key, $self->{ra_uuid});
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{ra_uuid};
+}
+
+sub _set_repos_root {
+	my ($self, $repos_root) = @_;
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
+	$repos_root ||= $self->ra->{repos_root};
+	tmp_config($k, $repos_root);
+	$repos_root;
+}
+
+sub repos_root {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.reposRoot";
+	eval { tmp_config('--get', $k) } || $self->_set_repos_root;
+}
+
+sub ra {
+	my ($self) = shift;
+	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($self->url);
+	$self->_set_repos_root($ra->{repos_root});
+	if ($self->use_svm_props && !$self->{svm}) {
+		if ($self->no_metadata) {
+			die "Can't have both 'noMetadata' and ",
+			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
+		} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvnsyncProps' and ",
+			    "'useSvmProps' options set!\n";
+		}
+		$ra = $self->_set_svm_vars($ra);
+		$self->{-want_revprops} = 1;
+	}
+	$ra;
+}
+
+# prop_walk(PATH, REV, SUB)
+# -------------------------
+# Recursively traverse PATH at revision REV and invoke SUB for each
+# directory that contains a SVN property.  SUB will be invoked as
+# follows:  &SUB(gs, path, props);  where `gs' is this instance of
+# Git::SVN, `path' the path to the directory where the properties
+# `props' were found.  The `path' will be relative to point of checkout,
+# that is, if url://repo/trunk is the current Git branch, and that
+# directory contains a sub-directory `d', SUB will be invoked with `/d/'
+# as `path' (note the trailing `/').
+sub prop_walk {
+	my ($self, $path, $rev, $sub) = @_;
+
+	$path =~ s#^/##;
+	my ($dirent, undef, $props) = $self->ra->get_dir($path, $rev);
+	$path =~ s#^/*#/#g;
+	my $p = $path;
+	# Strip the irrelevant part of the path.
+	$p =~ s#^/+\Q@{[$self->path]}\E(/|$)#/#;
+	# Ensure the path is terminated by a `/'.
+	$p =~ s#/*$#/#;
+
+	# The properties contain all the internal SVN stuff nobody
+	# (usually) cares about.
+	my $interesting_props = 0;
+	foreach (keys %{$props}) {
+		# If it doesn't start with `svn:', it must be a
+		# user-defined property.
+		++$interesting_props and next if $_ !~ /^svn:/;
+		# FIXME: Fragile, if SVN adds new public properties,
+		# this needs to be updated.
+		++$interesting_props if /^svn:(?:ignore|keywords|executable
+		                                 |eol-style|mime-type
+						 |externals|needs-lock)$/x;
+	}
+	&$sub($self, $p, $props) if $interesting_props;
+
+	foreach (sort keys %$dirent) {
+		next if $dirent->{$_}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
+		$self->prop_walk($self->path . $p . $_, $rev, $sub);
+	}
+}
+
+sub last_rev { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[0] }
+sub last_commit { ($_[0]->last_rev_commit)[1] }
+
+# returns the newest SVN revision number and newest commit SHA1
+sub last_rev_commit {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	if (defined $self->{last_rev} && defined $self->{last_commit}) {
+		return ($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit});
+	}
+	my $c = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0');
+	if ($c && !$self->use_svm_props && !$self->no_metadata) {
+		my $rev = (::cmt_metadata($c))[1];
+		if (defined $rev) {
+			($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $c);
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+	}
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	unless (-e $map_path) {
+		($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = (undef, undef);
+		return (undef, undef);
+	}
+	my ($rev, $commit) = $self->rev_map_max(1);
+	($self->{last_rev}, $self->{last_commit}) = ($rev, $commit);
+	return ($rev, $commit);
+}
+
+sub get_fetch_range {
+	my ($self, $min, $max) = @_;
+	$max ||= $self->ra->get_latest_revnum;
+	$min ||= $self->rev_map_max;
+	(++$min, $max);
+}
+
+sub tmp_config {
+	my (@args) = @_;
+	my $old_def_config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config";
+	my $config = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.metadata";
+	if (! -f $config && -f $old_def_config) {
+		rename $old_def_config, $config or
+		       die "Failed rename $old_def_config => $config: $!\n";
+	}
+	my $old_config = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
+	$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $config;
+	$@ = undef;
+	my @ret = eval {
+		unless (-f $config) {
+			mkfile($config);
+			open my $fh, '>', $config or
+			    die "Can't open $config: $!\n";
+			print $fh "; This file is used internally by ",
+			          "git-svn\n" or die
+				  "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
+			print $fh "; You should not have to edit it\n" or
+			      die "Couldn't write to $config: $!\n";
+			close $fh or die "Couldn't close $config: $!\n";
+		}
+		command('config', @args);
+	};
+	my $err = $@;
+	if (defined $old_config) {
+		$ENV{GIT_CONFIG} = $old_config;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{GIT_CONFIG};
+	}
+	die $err if $err;
+	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+}
+
+sub tmp_index_do {
+	my ($self, $sub) = @_;
+	my $old_index = $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+	$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $self->{index};
+	$@ = undef;
+	my @ret = eval {
+		my ($dir, $base) = ($self->{index} =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
+		&$sub;
+	};
+	my $err = $@;
+	if (defined $old_index) {
+		$ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE} = $old_index;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{GIT_INDEX_FILE};
+	}
+	die $err if $err;
+	wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+}
+
+sub assert_index_clean {
+	my ($self, $treeish) = @_;
+
+	$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish) unless -e $self->{index};
+		my $x = command_oneline('write-tree');
+		my ($y) = (command(qw/cat-file commit/, $treeish) =~
+		           /^tree ($::sha1)/mo);
+		return if $y eq $x;
+
+		warn "Index mismatch: $y != $x\nrereading $treeish\n";
+		unlink $self->{index} or die "unlink $self->{index}: $!\n";
+		command_noisy('read-tree', $treeish);
+		$x = command_oneline('write-tree');
+		if ($y ne $x) {
+			fatal "trees ($treeish) $y != $x\n",
+			      "Something is seriously wrong...";
+		}
+	});
+}
+
+sub get_commit_parents {
+	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
+	my (%seen, @ret, @tmp);
+	# legacy support for 'set-tree'; this is only used by set_tree_cb:
+	if (my $ip = $self->{inject_parents}) {
+		if (my $commit = delete $ip->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
+			push @tmp, $commit;
+		}
+	}
+	if (my $cur = ::verify_ref($self->refname.'^0')) {
+		push @tmp, $cur;
+	}
+	if (my $ipd = $self->{inject_parents_dcommit}) {
+		if (my $commit = delete $ipd->{$log_entry->{revision}}) {
+			push @tmp, @$commit;
+		}
+	}
+	push @tmp, $_ foreach (@{$log_entry->{parents}}, @tmp);
+	while (my $p = shift @tmp) {
+		next if $seen{$p};
+		$seen{$p} = 1;
+		push @ret, $p;
+	}
+	@ret;
+}
+
+sub rewrite_root {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{-rewrite_root} if exists $self->{-rewrite_root};
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteRoot";
+	my $rwr = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+	if ($rwr) {
+		$rwr =~ s#/+$##;
+		if ($rwr !~ m#^[a-z\+]+://#) {
+			die "$rwr is not a valid URL (key: $k)\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{-rewrite_root} = $rwr;
+}
+
+sub rewrite_uuid {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->{-rewrite_uuid} if exists $self->{-rewrite_uuid};
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$self->{repo_id}.rewriteUUID";
+	my $rwid = eval { command_oneline(qw/config --get/, $k) };
+	if ($rwid) {
+		$rwid =~ s#/+$##;
+		if ($rwid !~ m#^[a-f0-9]{8}-(?:[a-f0-9]{4}-){3}[a-f0-9]{12}$#) {
+			die "$rwid is not a valid UUID (key: $k)\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$self->{-rewrite_uuid} = $rwid;
+}
+
+sub metadata_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $url = $self->rewrite_root || $self->url;
+	return canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $url, $self->path ) );
+}
+
+sub full_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $self->url, $self->path ) );
+}
+
+sub full_pushurl {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	if ($self->{pushurl}) {
+		return canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $self->{pushurl}, $self->path ) );
+	} else {
+		return $self->full_url;
+	}
+}
+
+sub set_commit_header_env {
+	my ($log_entry) = @_;
+	my %env;
+	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
+		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
+			$env{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"} = $ENV{"GIT_${ac}_${ned}"};
+		}
+	}
+
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_NAME} = $log_entry->{name};
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL} = $log_entry->{email};
+	$ENV{GIT_AUTHOR_DATE} = $ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_DATE} = $log_entry->{date};
+
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_NAME} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_name})
+						? $log_entry->{commit_name}
+						: $log_entry->{name};
+	$ENV{GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL} = (defined $log_entry->{commit_email})
+						? $log_entry->{commit_email}
+						: $log_entry->{email};
+	\%env;
+}
+
+sub restore_commit_header_env {
+	my ($env) = @_;
+	foreach my $ned (qw/NAME EMAIL DATE/) {
+		foreach my $ac (qw/AUTHOR COMMITTER/) {
+			my $k = "GIT_${ac}_${ned}";
+			if (defined $env->{$k}) {
+				$ENV{$k} = $env->{$k};
+			} else {
+				delete $ENV{$k};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub gc {
+	command_noisy('gc', '--auto');
+};
+
+sub do_git_commit {
+	my ($self, $log_entry) = @_;
+	my $lr = $self->last_rev;
+	if (defined $lr && $lr >= $log_entry->{revision}) {
+		die "Last fetched revision of ", $self->refname,
+		    " was r$lr, but we are about to fetch: ",
+		    "r$log_entry->{revision}!\n";
+	}
+	if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($log_entry->{revision})) {
+		croak "$log_entry->{revision} = $c already exists! ",
+		      "Why are we refetching it?\n";
+	}
+	my $old_env = set_commit_header_env($log_entry);
+	my $tree = $log_entry->{tree};
+	if (!defined $tree) {
+		$tree = $self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+		                            command_oneline('write-tree') });
+	}
+	die "Tree is not a valid sha1: $tree\n" if $tree !~ /^$::sha1$/o;
+
+	my @exec = ('git', 'commit-tree', $tree);
+	foreach ($self->get_commit_parents($log_entry)) {
+		push @exec, '-p', $_;
+	}
+	defined(my $pid = open3(my $msg_fh, my $out_fh, '>&STDERR', @exec))
+	                                                           or croak $!;
+	binmode $msg_fh;
+
+	# we always get UTF-8 from SVN, but we may want our commits in
+	# a different encoding.
+	if (my $enc = Git::config('i18n.commitencoding')) {
+		require Encode;
+		Encode::from_to($log_entry->{log}, 'UTF-8', $enc);
+	}
+	print $msg_fh $log_entry->{log} or croak $!;
+	restore_commit_header_env($old_env);
+	unless ($self->no_metadata) {
+		print $msg_fh "\ngit-svn-id: $log_entry->{metadata}\n"
+		              or croak $!;
+	}
+	$msg_fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
+	close $msg_fh or croak $!;
+	chomp(my $commit = do { local $/; <$out_fh> });
+	close $out_fh or croak $!;
+	waitpid $pid, 0;
+	croak $? if $?;
+	if ($commit !~ /^$::sha1$/o) {
+		die "Failed to commit, invalid sha1: $commit\n";
+	}
+
+	$self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{revision}, $commit, 1);
+
+	$self->{last_rev} = $log_entry->{revision};
+	$self->{last_commit} = $commit;
+	print "r$log_entry->{revision}" unless $::_q > 1;
+	if (defined $log_entry->{svm_revision}) {
+		 print " (\@$log_entry->{svm_revision})" unless $::_q > 1;
+		 $self->rev_map_set($log_entry->{svm_revision}, $commit,
+		                   0, $self->svm_uuid);
+	}
+	print " = $commit ($self->{ref_id})\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+	if (--$_gc_nr == 0) {
+		$_gc_nr = $_gc_period;
+		gc();
+	}
+	return $commit;
+}
+
+sub match_paths {
+	my ($self, $paths, $r) = @_;
+	return 1 if $self->path eq '';
+	if (my $path = $paths->{"/".$self->path}) {
+		return ($path->{action} eq 'D') ? 0 : 1;
+	}
+	$self->{path_regex} ||= qr{^/\Q@{[$self->path]}\E/};
+	if (grep /$self->{path_regex}/, keys %$paths) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+	my $c = '';
+	foreach (split m#/#, $self->path) {
+		$c .= "/$_";
+		next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
+		             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
+		if ($self->ra->check_path($self->path, $r) ==
+		    $SVN::Node::dir) {
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub find_parent_branch {
+	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
+	return undef unless $self->follow_parent;
+	unless (defined $paths) {
+		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
+		$SVN::Error::handler = \&Git::SVN::Ra::skip_unknown_revs;
+		$self->ra->get_log([$self->path], $rev, $rev, 0, 1, 1,
+				   sub { $paths = $_[0] });
+		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
+	}
+	return undef unless defined $paths;
+
+	# look for a parent from another branch:
+	my @b_path_components = split m#/#, $self->path;
+	my @a_path_components;
+	my $i;
+	while (@b_path_components) {
+		$i = $paths->{'/'.join('/', @b_path_components)};
+		last if $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
+		unshift(@a_path_components, pop(@b_path_components));
+	}
+	return undef unless defined $i && defined $i->{copyfrom_path};
+	my $branch_from = $i->{copyfrom_path};
+	if (@a_path_components) {
+		print STDERR "branch_from: $branch_from => ";
+		$branch_from .= '/'.join('/', @a_path_components);
+		print STDERR $branch_from, "\n";
+	}
+	my $r = $i->{copyfrom_rev};
+	my $repos_root = $self->ra->{repos_root};
+	my $url = $self->ra->url;
+	my $new_url = canonicalize_url( add_path_to_url( $url, $branch_from ) );
+	print STDERR  "Found possible branch point: ",
+	              "$new_url => ", $self->full_url, ", $r\n"
+	              unless $::_q > 1;
+	$branch_from =~ s#^/##;
+	my $gs = $self->other_gs($new_url, $url,
+		                 $branch_from, $r, $self->{ref_id});
+	my ($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
+	{
+		my ($base, $head);
+		if (!defined $r0 || !defined $parent) {
+			($base, $head) = parse_revision_argument(0, $r);
+		} else {
+			if ($r0 < $r) {
+				$gs->ra->get_log([$gs->path], $r0 + 1, $r, 1,
+					0, 1, sub { $base = $_[1] - 1 });
+			}
+		}
+		if (defined $base && $base <= $r) {
+			$gs->fetch($base, $r);
+		}
+		($r0, $parent) = $gs->find_rev_before($r, 1);
+	}
+	if (defined $r0 && defined $parent) {
+		print STDERR "Found branch parent: ($self->{ref_id}) $parent\n"
+		             unless $::_q > 1;
+		my $ed;
+		if ($self->ra->can_do_switch) {
+			$self->assert_index_clean($parent);
+			print STDERR "Following parent with do_switch\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			# do_switch works with svn/trunk >= r22312, but that
+			# is not included with SVN 1.4.3 (the latest version
+			# at the moment), so we can't rely on it
+			$self->{last_rev} = $r0;
+			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
+			$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self, $gs->path);
+			$gs->ra->gs_do_switch($r0, $rev, $gs,
+					      $self->full_url, $ed)
+			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+		} elsif ($self->ra->trees_match($new_url, $r0,
+			                        $self->full_url, $rev)) {
+			print STDERR "Trees match:\n",
+			             "  $new_url\@$r0\n",
+			             "  ${\$self->full_url}\@$rev\n",
+			             "Following parent with no changes\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			$self->tmp_index_do(sub {
+			    command_noisy('read-tree', $parent);
+			});
+			$self->{last_commit} = $parent;
+		} else {
+			print STDERR "Following parent with do_update\n"
+			             unless $::_q > 1;
+			$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
+			$self->ra->gs_do_update($rev, $rev, $self, $ed)
+			  or die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+		}
+		print STDERR "Successfully followed parent\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+		return $self->make_log_entry($rev, [$parent], $ed, $r0, $branch_from);
+	}
+	return undef;
+}
+
+sub do_fetch {
+	my ($self, $paths, $rev) = @_;
+	my $ed;
+	my ($last_rev, @parents);
+	if (my $lc = $self->last_commit) {
+		# we can have a branch that was deleted, then re-added
+		# under the same name but copied from another path, in
+		# which case we'll have multiple parents (we don't
+		# want to break the original ref or lose copypath info):
+		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
+			push @{$log_entry->{parents}}, $lc;
+			return $log_entry;
+		}
+		$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
+		$last_rev = $self->{last_rev};
+		$ed->{c} = $lc;
+		@parents = ($lc);
+	} else {
+		$last_rev = $rev;
+		if (my $log_entry = $self->find_parent_branch($paths, $rev)) {
+			return $log_entry;
+		}
+		$ed = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($self);
+	}
+	unless ($self->ra->gs_do_update($last_rev, $rev, $self, $ed)) {
+		die "SVN connection failed somewhere...\n";
+	}
+	$self->make_log_entry($rev, \@parents, $ed, $last_rev, $self->path);
+}
+
+sub mkemptydirs {
+	my ($self, $r) = @_;
+
+	sub scan {
+		my ($r, $empty_dirs, $line) = @_;
+		if (defined $r && $line =~ /^r(\d+)$/) {
+			return 0 if $1 > $r;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \+empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
+			$empty_dirs->{$1} = 1;
+		} elsif ($line =~ /^  \-empty_dir: (.+)$/) {
+			my @d = grep {m[^\Q$1\E(/|$)]} (keys %$empty_dirs);
+			delete @$empty_dirs{@d};
+		}
+		1; # continue
+	};
+
+	my %empty_dirs = ();
+	my $gz_file = "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log.gz";
+	if (-f $gz_file) {
+		if (!can_compress()) {
+			warn "Compress::Zlib could not be found; ",
+			     "empty directories in $gz_file will not be read\n";
+		} else {
+			my $gz = Compress::Zlib::gzopen($gz_file, "rb") or
+				die "Unable to open $gz_file: $!\n";
+			my $line;
+			while ($gz->gzreadline($line) > 0) {
+				scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $line) or last;
+			}
+			$gz->gzclose;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (open my $fh, '<', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log") {
+		binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+		while (<$fh>) {
+			scan($r, \%empty_dirs, $_) or last;
+		}
+		close $fh;
+	}
+
+	my $strip = qr/\A\Q@{[$self->path]}\E(?:\/|$)/;
+	foreach my $d (sort keys %empty_dirs) {
+		$d = uri_decode($d);
+		$d =~ s/$strip//;
+		next unless length($d);
+		next if -d $d;
+		if (-e $d) {
+			warn "$d exists but is not a directory\n";
+		} else {
+			print "creating empty directory: $d\n";
+			mkpath([$d]);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub get_untracked {
+	my ($self, $ed) = @_;
+	my @out;
+	my $h = $ed->{empty};
+	foreach (sort keys %$h) {
+		my $act = $h->{$_} ? '+empty_dir' : '-empty_dir';
+		push @out, "  $act: " . uri_encode($_);
+		warn "W: $act: $_\n";
+	}
+	foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
+		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
+		foreach my $path (sort keys %$h) {
+			my $ppath = $path eq '' ? '.' : $path;
+			foreach my $prop (sort keys %{$h->{$path}}) {
+				next if $SKIP_PROP{$prop};
+				my $v = $h->{$path}->{$prop};
+				my $t_ppath_prop = "$t: " .
+				                    uri_encode($ppath) . ' ' .
+				                    uri_encode($prop);
+				if (defined $v) {
+					push @out, "  +$t_ppath_prop " .
+					           uri_encode($v);
+				} else {
+					push @out, "  -$t_ppath_prop";
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	foreach my $t (qw/absent_file absent_directory/) {
+		$h = $ed->{$t} or next;
+		foreach my $parent (sort keys %$h) {
+			foreach my $path (sort @{$h->{$parent}}) {
+				push @out, "  $t: " .
+				           uri_encode("$parent/$path");
+				warn "W: $t: $parent/$path ",
+				     "Insufficient permissions?\n";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	\@out;
+}
+
+# parse_svn_date(DATE)
+# --------------------
+# Given a date (in UTC) from Subversion, return a string in the format
+# "<TZ Offset> <local date/time>" that Git will use.
+#
+# By default the parsed date will be in UTC; if $Git::SVN::_localtime
+# is true we'll convert it to the local timezone instead.
+sub parse_svn_date {
+	my $date = shift || return '+0000 1970-01-01 00:00:00';
+	my ($Y,$m,$d,$H,$M,$S) = ($date =~ /^(\d{4})\-(\d\d)\-(\d\d)T
+	                                    (\d\d?)\:(\d\d)\:(\d\d)\.\d*Z$/x) or
+	                                 croak "Unable to parse date: $date\n";
+	my $parsed_date;    # Set next.
+
+	if ($Git::SVN::_localtime) {
+		# Translate the Subversion datetime to an epoch time.
+		# Begin by switching ourselves to $date's timezone, UTC.
+		my $old_env_TZ = $ENV{TZ};
+		$ENV{TZ} = 'UTC';
+
+		my $epoch_in_UTC =
+		    Time::Local::timelocal($S, $M, $H, $d, $m - 1, $Y - 1900);
+
+		# Determine our local timezone (including DST) at the
+		# time of $epoch_in_UTC.  $Git::SVN::Log::TZ stored the
+		# value of TZ, if any, at the time we were run.
+		if (defined $Git::SVN::Log::TZ) {
+			$ENV{TZ} = $Git::SVN::Log::TZ;
+		} else {
+			delete $ENV{TZ};
+		}
+
+		my $our_TZ = get_tz_offset();
+
+		# This converts $epoch_in_UTC into our local timezone.
+		my ($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year,
+		    $wday, $yday, $isdst) = localtime($epoch_in_UTC);
+
+		$parsed_date = sprintf('%s %04d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d',
+				       $our_TZ, $year + 1900, $mon + 1,
+				       $mday, $hour, $min, $sec);
+
+		# Reset us to the timezone in effect when we entered
+		# this routine.
+		if (defined $old_env_TZ) {
+			$ENV{TZ} = $old_env_TZ;
+		} else {
+			delete $ENV{TZ};
+		}
+	} else {
+		$parsed_date = "+0000 $Y-$m-$d $H:$M:$S";
+	}
+
+	return $parsed_date;
+}
+
+sub other_gs {
+	my ($self, $new_url, $url,
+	    $branch_from, $r, $old_ref_id) = @_;
+	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($new_url, $url, $branch_from);
+	unless ($gs) {
+		my $ref_id = $old_ref_id;
+		$ref_id =~ s/\@\d+-*$//;
+		$ref_id .= "\@$r";
+		# just grow a tail if we're not unique enough :x
+		$ref_id .= '-' while find_ref($ref_id);
+		my ($u, $p, $repo_id) = ($new_url, '', $ref_id);
+		if ($u =~ s#^\Q$url\E(/|$)##) {
+			$p = $u;
+			$u = $url;
+			$repo_id = $self->{repo_id};
+		}
+		while (1) {
+			# It is possible to tag two different subdirectories at
+			# the same revision.  If the url for an existing ref
+			# does not match, we must either find a ref with a
+			# matching url or create a new ref by growing a tail.
+			$gs = Git::SVN->init($u, $p, $repo_id, $ref_id, 1);
+			my (undef, $max_commit) = $gs->rev_map_max(1);
+			last if (!$max_commit);
+			my ($url) = ::cmt_metadata($max_commit);
+			last if ($url eq $gs->metadata_url);
+			$ref_id .= '-';
+		}
+		print STDERR "Initializing parent: $ref_id\n" unless $::_q > 1;
+	}
+	$gs
+}
+
+sub call_authors_prog {
+	my ($orig_author) = @_;
+	$orig_author = command_oneline('rev-parse', '--sq-quote', $orig_author);
+	my $author = `$::_authors_prog $orig_author`;
+	if ($? != 0) {
+		die "$::_authors_prog failed with exit code $?\n"
+	}
+	if ($author =~ /^\s*(.+?)\s*<(.*)>\s*$/) {
+		my ($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
+		$email = undef if length $2 == 0;
+		return [$name, $email];
+	} else {
+		die "Author: $orig_author: $::_authors_prog returned "
+			. "invalid author format: $author\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub check_author {
+	my ($author) = @_;
+	if (!defined $author || length $author == 0) {
+		$author = '(no author)';
+	}
+	if (!defined $::users{$author}) {
+		if (defined $::_authors_prog) {
+			$::users{$author} = call_authors_prog($author);
+		} elsif (defined $::_authors) {
+			die "Author: $author not defined in $::_authors file\n";
+		}
+	}
+	$author;
+}
+
+sub find_extra_svk_parents {
+	my ($self, $tickets, $parents) = @_;
+	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
+	my @tickets = split "\n", $tickets;
+	my @known_parents;
+	for my $ticket ( @tickets ) {
+		my ($uuid, $path, $rev) = split /:/, $ticket;
+		if ( $uuid eq $self->ra_uuid ) {
+			my $repos_root = $self->url;
+			my $branch_from = $path;
+			$branch_from =~ s{^/}{};
+			my $gs = $self->other_gs(add_path_to_url( $repos_root, $branch_from ),
+			                         $repos_root,
+			                         $branch_from,
+			                         $rev,
+			                         $self->{ref_id});
+			if ( my $commit = $gs->rev_map_get($rev, $uuid) ) {
+				# wahey!  we found it, but it might be
+				# an old one (!)
+				push @known_parents, [ $rev, $commit ];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	# Ordering matters; highest-numbered commit merge tickets
+	# first, as they may account for later merge ticket additions
+	# or changes.
+	@known_parents = map {$_->[1]} sort {$b->[0] <=> $a->[0]} @known_parents;
+	for my $parent ( @known_parents ) {
+		my @cmd = ('rev-list', $parent, map { "^$_" } @$parents );
+		my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@cmd);
+		my $new;
+		while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
+			$new=1;last;
+		}
+		command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
+		if ( $new ) {
+			print STDERR
+			    "Found merge parent (svk:merge ticket): $parent\n";
+			push @$parents, $parent;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub lookup_svn_merge {
+	my $uuid = shift;
+	my $url = shift;
+	my $source = shift;
+	my $revs = shift;
+
+	my $path = $source;
+	$path =~ s{^/}{};
+	my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($url.$source, $url, $path);
+	if ( !$gs ) {
+		warn "Couldn't find revmap for $url$source\n";
+		return;
+	}
+	my @ranges = split ",", $revs;
+	my ($tip, $tip_commit);
+	my @merged_commit_ranges;
+	# find the tip
+	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
+		if ($range =~ /[*]$/) {
+			warn "W: Ignoring partial merge in svn:mergeinfo "
+				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		my ($bottom, $top) = split "-", $range;
+		$top ||= $bottom;
+		my $bottom_commit = $gs->find_rev_after( $bottom, 1, $top );
+		my $top_commit = $gs->find_rev_before( $top, 1, $bottom );
+
+		unless ($top_commit and $bottom_commit) {
+			warn "W: unknown path/rev in svn:mergeinfo "
+				."dirprop: $source:$range\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		if (scalar(command('rev-parse', "$bottom_commit^@"))) {
+			push @merged_commit_ranges,
+			     "$bottom_commit^..$top_commit";
+		} else {
+			push @merged_commit_ranges, "$top_commit";
+		}
+
+		if ( !defined $tip or $top > $tip ) {
+			$tip = $top;
+			$tip_commit = $top_commit;
+		}
+	}
+	return ($tip_commit, @merged_commit_ranges);
+}
+
+sub _rev_list {
+	my ($msg_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(
+		"rev-list", @_,
+	       );
+	my @rv;
+	while ( <$msg_fh> ) {
+		chomp;
+		push @rv, $_;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($msg_fh, $ctx);
+	@rv;
+}
+
+sub check_cherry_pick2 {
+	my $base = shift;
+	my $tip = shift;
+	my $parents = shift;
+	my @ranges = @_;
+	my %commits = map { $_ => 1 }
+		_rev_list("--no-merges", $tip, "--not", $base, @$parents, "--");
+	for my $range ( @ranges ) {
+		delete @commits{_rev_list($range, "--")};
+	}
+	for my $commit (keys %commits) {
+		if (has_no_changes($commit)) {
+			delete $commits{$commit};
+		}
+	}
+	my @k = (keys %commits);
+	return (scalar @k, $k[0]);
+}
+
+sub has_no_changes {
+	my $commit = shift;
+
+	my @revs = split / /, command_oneline(
+		qw(rev-list --parents -1 -m), $commit);
+
+	# Commits with no parents, e.g. the start of a partial branch,
+	# have changes by definition.
+	return 1 if (@revs < 2);
+
+	# Commits with multiple parents, e.g a merge, have no changes
+	# by definition.
+	return 0 if (@revs > 2);
+
+	return (command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit^{tree}") eq
+		command_oneline("rev-parse", "$commit~1^{tree}"));
+}
+
+sub tie_for_persistent_memoization {
+	my $hash = shift;
+	my $path = shift;
+
+	unless ($memo_backend) {
+		if (eval { require Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML; 1}) {
+			$memo_backend = 1;
+		} else {
+			require Memoize::Storable;
+			$memo_backend = -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ($memo_backend > 0) {
+		tie %$hash => 'Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML', "$path.yaml";
+	} else {
+		tie %$hash => 'Memoize::Storable', "$path.db", 'nstore';
+	}
+}
+
+# The GIT_DIR environment variable is not always set until after the command
+# line arguments are processed, so we can't memoize in a BEGIN block.
+{
+	my $memoized = 0;
+
+	sub memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
+		return if $memoized;
+		$memoized = 1;
+
+		my $cache_path = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.caches/";
+		mkpath([$cache_path]) unless -d $cache_path;
+
+		my %lookup_svn_merge_cache;
+		my %check_cherry_pick2_cache;
+		my %has_no_changes_cache;
+
+		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%lookup_svn_merge_cache,
+		    "$cache_path/lookup_svn_merge");
+		memoize 'lookup_svn_merge',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%lookup_svn_merge_cache],
+		;
+
+		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%check_cherry_pick2_cache,
+		    "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick2");
+		memoize 'check_cherry_pick2',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+			LIST_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%check_cherry_pick2_cache],
+		;
+
+		tie_for_persistent_memoization(\%has_no_changes_cache,
+		    "$cache_path/has_no_changes");
+		memoize 'has_no_changes',
+			SCALAR_CACHE => ['HASH' => \%has_no_changes_cache],
+			LIST_CACHE => 'FAULT',
+		;
+	}
+
+	sub unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions {
+		return if not $memoized;
+		$memoized = 0;
+
+		Memoize::unmemoize 'lookup_svn_merge';
+		Memoize::unmemoize 'check_cherry_pick2';
+		Memoize::unmemoize 'has_no_changes';
+	}
+
+	sub clear_memoized_mergeinfo_caches {
+		die "Only call this method in non-memoized context" if ($memoized);
+
+		my $cache_path = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/.caches/";
+		return unless -d $cache_path;
+
+		for my $cache_file (("$cache_path/lookup_svn_merge",
+				     "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick", # old
+				     "$cache_path/check_cherry_pick2",
+				     "$cache_path/has_no_changes")) {
+			for my $suffix (qw(yaml db)) {
+				my $file = "$cache_file.$suffix";
+				next unless -e $file;
+				unlink($file) or die "unlink($file) failed: $!\n";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	Memoize::memoize 'Git::SVN::repos_root';
+}
+
+END {
+	# Force cache writeout explicitly instead of waiting for
+	# global destruction to avoid segfault in Storable:
+	# http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=36087
+	unmemoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
+}
+
+sub parents_exclude {
+	my $parents = shift;
+	my @commits = @_;
+	return unless @commits;
+
+	my @excluded;
+	my $excluded;
+	do {
+		my @cmd = ('rev-list', "-1", @commits, "--not", @$parents );
+		$excluded = command_oneline(@cmd);
+		if ( $excluded ) {
+			my @new;
+			my $found;
+			for my $commit ( @commits ) {
+				if ( $commit eq $excluded ) {
+					push @excluded, $commit;
+					$found++;
+				}
+				else {
+					push @new, $commit;
+				}
+			}
+			die "saw commit '$excluded' in rev-list output, "
+				."but we didn't ask for that commit (wanted: @commits --not @$parents)"
+					unless $found;
+			@commits = @new;
+		}
+	}
+		while ($excluded and @commits);
+
+	return @excluded;
+}
+
+# Compute what's new in svn:mergeinfo.
+sub mergeinfo_changes {
+	my ($self, $old_path, $old_rev, $path, $rev, $mergeinfo_prop) = @_;
+	my %minfo = map {split ":", $_ } split "\n", $mergeinfo_prop;
+	my $old_minfo = {};
+
+	my $ra = $self->ra;
+	# Give up if $old_path isn't in the repo.
+	# This is probably a merge on a subtree.
+	if ($ra->check_path($old_path, $old_rev) != $SVN::Node::dir) {
+		warn "W: ignoring svn:mergeinfo on $old_path, ",
+			"directory didn't exist in r$old_rev\n";
+		return {};
+	}
+	my (undef, undef, $props) = $ra->get_dir($old_path, $old_rev);
+	if (defined $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"}) {
+		my %omi = map {split ":", $_ } split "\n",
+			$props->{"svn:mergeinfo"};
+		$old_minfo = \%omi;
+	}
+
+	my %changes = ();
+	foreach my $p (keys %minfo) {
+		my $a = $old_minfo->{$p} || "";
+		my $b = $minfo{$p};
+		# Omit merged branches whose ranges lists are unchanged.
+		next if $a eq $b;
+		# Remove any common range list prefix.
+		($a ^ $b) =~ /^[\0]*/;
+		my $common_prefix = rindex $b, ",", $+[0] - 1;
+		$changes{$p} = substr $b, $common_prefix + 1;
+	}
+	print STDERR "Checking svn:mergeinfo changes since r$old_rev: ",
+		scalar(keys %minfo), " sources, ",
+		scalar(keys %changes), " changed\n";
+
+	return \%changes;
+}
+
+# note: this function should only be called if the various dirprops
+# have actually changed
+sub find_extra_svn_parents {
+	my ($self, $mergeinfo, $parents) = @_;
+	# aha!  svk:merge property changed...
+
+	memoize_svn_mergeinfo_functions();
+
+	# We first search for merged tips which are not in our
+	# history.  Then, we figure out which git revisions are in
+	# that tip, but not this revision.  If all of those revisions
+	# are now marked as merge, we can add the tip as a parent.
+	my @merges = sort keys %$mergeinfo;
+	my @merge_tips;
+	my $url = $self->url;
+	my $uuid = $self->ra_uuid;
+	my @all_ranges;
+	for my $merge ( @merges ) {
+		my ($tip_commit, @ranges) =
+			lookup_svn_merge( $uuid, $url,
+					  $merge, $mergeinfo->{$merge} );
+		unless (!$tip_commit or
+				grep { $_ eq $tip_commit } @$parents ) {
+			push @merge_tips, $tip_commit;
+			push @all_ranges, @ranges;
+		} else {
+			push @merge_tips, undef;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my %excluded = map { $_ => 1 }
+		parents_exclude($parents, grep { defined } @merge_tips);
+
+	# check merge tips for new parents
+	my @new_parents;
+	for my $merge_tip ( @merge_tips ) {
+		my $merge = shift @merges;
+		next unless $merge_tip and $excluded{$merge_tip};
+		my $spec = "$merge:$mergeinfo->{$merge}";
+
+		# check out 'new' tips
+		my $merge_base;
+		eval {
+			$merge_base = command_oneline(
+				"merge-base",
+				@$parents, $merge_tip,
+			);
+		};
+		if ($@) {
+			die "An error occurred during merge-base"
+				unless $@->isa("Git::Error::Command");
+
+			warn "W: Cannot find common ancestor between ".
+			     "@$parents and $merge_tip. Ignoring merge info.\n";
+			next;
+		}
+
+		# double check that there are no missing non-merge commits
+		my ($ninc, $ifirst) = check_cherry_pick2(
+			$merge_base, $merge_tip,
+			$parents,
+			@all_ranges,
+		       );
+
+		if ($ninc) {
+			warn "W: svn cherry-pick ignored ($spec) - missing " .
+				"$ninc commit(s) (eg $ifirst)\n";
+		} else {
+			warn "Found merge parent ($spec): ", $merge_tip, "\n";
+			push @new_parents, $merge_tip;
+		}
+	}
+
+	# cater for merges which merge commits from multiple branches
+	if ( @new_parents > 1 ) {
+		for ( my $i = 0; $i <= $#new_parents; $i++ ) {
+			for ( my $j = 0; $j <= $#new_parents; $j++ ) {
+				next if $i == $j;
+				next unless $new_parents[$i];
+				next unless $new_parents[$j];
+				my $revs = command_oneline(
+					"rev-list", "-1",
+					"$new_parents[$i]..$new_parents[$j]",
+				       );
+				if ( !$revs ) {
+					undef($new_parents[$j]);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	push @$parents, grep { defined } @new_parents;
+}
+
+sub make_log_entry {
+	my ($self, $rev, $parents, $ed, $parent_rev, $parent_path) = @_;
+	my $untracked = $self->get_untracked($ed);
+
+	my @parents = @$parents;
+	my $props = $ed->{dir_prop}{$self->path};
+	if ( $props->{"svk:merge"} ) {
+		$self->find_extra_svk_parents($props->{"svk:merge"}, \@parents);
+	}
+	if ( $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"} ) {
+		my $mi_changes = $self->mergeinfo_changes
+			($parent_path, $parent_rev,
+			 $self->path, $rev,
+			 $props->{"svn:mergeinfo"});
+		$self->find_extra_svn_parents($mi_changes, \@parents);
+	}
+
+	open my $un, '>>', "$self->{dir}/unhandled.log" or croak $!;
+	print $un "r$rev\n" or croak $!;
+	print $un $_, "\n" foreach @$untracked;
+	my %log_entry = ( parents => \@parents, revision => $rev,
+	                  log => '');
+
+	my $headrev;
+	my $logged = delete $self->{logged_rev_props};
+	if (!$logged || $self->{-want_revprops}) {
+		my $rp = $self->ra->rev_proplist($rev);
+		foreach (sort keys %$rp) {
+			my $v = $rp->{$_};
+			if (/^svn:(author|date|log)$/) {
+				$log_entry{$1} = $v;
+			} elsif ($_ eq 'svm:headrev') {
+				$headrev = $v;
+			} else {
+				print $un "  rev_prop: ", uri_encode($_), ' ',
+					  uri_encode($v), "\n";
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		map { $log_entry{$_} = $logged->{$_} } keys %$logged;
+	}
+	close $un or croak $!;
+
+	$log_entry{date} = parse_svn_date($log_entry{date});
+	$log_entry{log} .= "\n";
+	my $author = $log_entry{author} = check_author($log_entry{author});
+	my ($name, $email) = defined $::users{$author} ? @{$::users{$author}}
+						       : ($author, undef);
+
+	my ($commit_name, $commit_email) = ($name, $email);
+	if ($_use_log_author) {
+		my $name_field;
+		if ($log_entry{log} =~ /From:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
+			$name_field = $1;
+		} elsif ($log_entry{log} =~ /Signed-off-by:\s+(.*\S)\s*\n/i) {
+			$name_field = $1;
+		}
+		if (!defined $name_field) {
+			if (!defined $email) {
+				$email = $name;
+			}
+		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*?)\s+<(.*)>/) {
+			($name, $email) = ($1, $2);
+		} elsif ($name_field =~ /(.*)@/) {
+			($name, $email) = ($1, $name_field);
+		} else {
+			($name, $email) = ($name_field, $name_field);
+		}
+	}
+	if (defined $headrev && $self->use_svm_props) {
+		if ($self->rewrite_root) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteRoot' ",
+			    "options set!\n";
+		}
+		if ($self->rewrite_uuid) {
+			die "Can't have both 'useSvmProps' and 'rewriteUUID' ",
+			    "options set!\n";
+		}
+		my ($uuid, $r) = $headrev =~ m{^([a-f\d\-]{30,}):(\d+)$}i;
+		# we don't want "SVM: initializing mirror for junk" ...
+		return undef if $r == 0;
+		my $svm = $self->svm;
+		if ($uuid ne $svm->{uuid}) {
+			die "UUID mismatch on SVM path:\n",
+			    "expected: $svm->{uuid}\n",
+			    "     got: $uuid\n";
+		}
+		my $full_url = $self->full_url;
+		$full_url =~ s#^\Q$svm->{replace}\E(/|$)#$svm->{source}$1# or
+		             die "Failed to replace '$svm->{replace}' with ",
+		                 "'$svm->{source}' in $full_url\n";
+		# throw away username for storing in records
+		remove_username($full_url);
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$r $uuid";
+		$log_entry{svm_revision} = $r;
+		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+	} elsif ($self->use_svnsync_props) {
+		my $full_url = canonicalize_url(
+			add_path_to_url( $self->svnsync->{url}, $self->path )
+		);
+		remove_username($full_url);
+		my $uuid = $self->svnsync->{uuid};
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$full_url\@$rev $uuid";
+		$email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@$uuid";
+	} else {
+		my $url = $self->metadata_url;
+		remove_username($url);
+		my $uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra->get_uuid;
+		$log_entry{metadata} = "$url\@$rev " . $uuid;
+		$email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
+		$commit_email ||= "$author\@" . $uuid;
+	}
+	$log_entry{name} = $name;
+	$log_entry{email} = $email;
+	$log_entry{commit_name} = $commit_name;
+	$log_entry{commit_email} = $commit_email;
+	\%log_entry;
+}
+
+sub fetch {
+	my ($self, $min_rev, $max_rev, @parents) = @_;
+	my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = $self->last_rev_commit;
+	my ($base, $head) = $self->get_fetch_range($min_rev, $max_rev);
+	$self->ra->gs_fetch_loop_common($base, $head, [$self]);
+}
+
+sub set_tree_cb {
+	my ($self, $log_entry, $tree, $rev, $date, $author) = @_;
+	$self->{inject_parents} = { $rev => $tree };
+	$self->fetch(undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub set_tree {
+	my ($self, $tree) = (shift, shift);
+	my $log_entry = ::get_commit_entry($tree);
+	unless ($self->{last_rev}) {
+		fatal("Must have an existing revision to commit");
+	}
+	my %ed_opts = ( r => $self->{last_rev},
+	                log => $log_entry->{log},
+	                ra => $self->ra,
+	                tree_a => $self->{last_commit},
+	                tree_b => $tree,
+	                editor_cb => sub {
+			       $self->set_tree_cb($log_entry, $tree, @_) },
+	                svn_path => $self->path );
+	if (!Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%ed_opts)->apply_diff) {
+		print "No changes\nr$self->{last_rev} = $tree\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rebuild_from_rev_db {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	my $r = -1;
+	open my $fh, '<', $path or croak "open: $!";
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		length($_) == 41 or croak "inconsistent size in ($_) != 41";
+		chomp($_);
+		++$r;
+		next if $_ eq ('0' x 40);
+		$self->rev_map_set($r, $_);
+		print "r$r = $_\n";
+	}
+	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+	unlink $path or croak "unlink: $!";
+}
+
+#define a global associate map to record rebuild status
+my %rebuild_status;
+#define a global associate map to record rebuild verify status
+my %rebuild_verify_status;
+
+sub rebuild {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	my $partial = (-e $map_path && ! -z $map_path);
+	my $verify_key = $self->refname.'^0';
+	if (!$rebuild_verify_status{$verify_key}) {
+		my $verify_result = ::verify_ref($verify_key);
+		if ($verify_result) {
+			$rebuild_verify_status{$verify_key} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!$rebuild_verify_status{$verify_key}) {
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!$partial && ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata)) {
+		my $rev_db = $self->rev_db_path;
+		$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($rev_db);
+		if ($self->use_svm_props) {
+			my $svm_rev_db = $self->rev_db_path($self->svm_uuid);
+			$self->rebuild_from_rev_db($svm_rev_db);
+		}
+		$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
+		return;
+	}
+	print "Rebuilding $map_path ...\n" if (!$partial);
+	my ($base_rev, $head) = ($partial ? $self->rev_map_max_norebuild(1) :
+		(undef, undef));
+	my $key_value = ($head ? "$head.." : "") . $self->refname;
+	if (exists $rebuild_status{$key_value}) {
+		print "Done rebuilding $map_path\n" if (!$partial || !$head);
+		my $rev_db_path = $self->rev_db_path;
+		if (-f $self->rev_db_path) {
+			unlink $self->rev_db_path or croak "unlink: $!";
+		}
+		$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
+		return;
+	}
+	my ($log, $ctx) =
+		command_output_pipe(qw/rev-list --pretty=raw --reverse/,
+				$key_value,
+				'--');
+	$rebuild_status{$key_value} = 1;
+	my $metadata_url = $self->metadata_url;
+	remove_username($metadata_url);
+	my $svn_uuid = $self->rewrite_uuid || $self->ra_uuid;
+	my $c;
+	while (<$log>) {
+		if ( m{^commit ($::sha1)$} ) {
+			$c = $1;
+			next;
+		}
+		next unless s{^\s*(git-svn-id:)}{$1};
+		my ($url, $rev, $uuid) = ::extract_metadata($_);
+		remove_username($url);
+
+		# ignore merges (from set-tree)
+		next if (!defined $rev || !$uuid);
+
+		# if we merged or otherwise started elsewhere, this is
+		# how we break out of it
+		if (($uuid ne $svn_uuid) ||
+		    ($metadata_url && $url && ($url ne $metadata_url))) {
+			next;
+		}
+		if ($partial && $head) {
+			print "Partial-rebuilding $map_path ...\n";
+			print "Currently at $base_rev = $head\n";
+			$head = undef;
+		}
+
+		$self->rev_map_set($rev, $c);
+		print "r$rev = $c\n";
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($log, $ctx);
+	print "Done rebuilding $map_path\n" if (!$partial || !$head);
+	my $rev_db_path = $self->rev_db_path;
+	if (-f $self->rev_db_path) {
+		unlink $self->rev_db_path or croak "unlink: $!";
+	}
+	$self->unlink_rev_db_symlink;
+}
+
+# rev_map:
+# Tie::File seems to be prone to offset errors if revisions get sparse,
+# it's not that fast, either.  Tie::File is also not in Perl 5.6.  So
+# one of my favorite modules is out :<  Next up would be one of the DBM
+# modules, but I'm not sure which is most portable...
+#
+# This is the replacement for the rev_db format, which was too big
+# and inefficient for large repositories with a lot of sparse history
+# (mainly tags)
+#
+# The format is this:
+#   - 24 bytes for every record,
+#     * 4 bytes for the integer representing an SVN revision number
+#     * 20 bytes representing the sha1 of a git commit
+#   - No empty padding records like the old format
+#     (except the last record, which can be overwritten)
+#   - new records are written append-only since SVN revision numbers
+#     increase monotonically
+#   - lookups on SVN revision number are done via a binary search
+#   - Piping the file to xxd -c24 is a good way of dumping it for
+#     viewing or editing (piped back through xxd -r), should the need
+#     ever arise.
+#   - The last record can be padding revision with an all-zero sha1
+#     This is used to optimize fetch performance when using multiple
+#     "fetch" directives in .git/config
+#
+# These files are disposable unless noMetadata or useSvmProps is set
+
+sub _rev_map_set {
+	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
+
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	my $wr_offset = 0;
+	if ($size > 0) {
+		sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+		my $read = sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) or croak "read: $!";
+		$read == 24 or croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
+		my ($last_rev, $last_commit) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+		if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
+			if ($size >= 48) {
+				sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+				$read = sysread($fh, $buf, 24) or
+				    croak "read: $!";
+				$read == 24 or
+				    croak "read only $read bytes (!= 24)";
+				($last_rev, $last_commit) =
+				    unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+				if ($last_commit eq ('0' x40)) {
+					croak "inconsistent .rev_map\n";
+				}
+			}
+			if ($last_rev >= $rev) {
+				croak "last_rev is higher!: $last_rev >= $rev";
+			}
+			$wr_offset = -24;
+		}
+	}
+	sysseek($fh, $wr_offset, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+	syswrite($fh, pack(rev_map_fmt, $rev, $commit), 24) == 24 or
+	  croak "write: $!";
+}
+
+sub _rev_map_reset {
+	my ($fh, $rev, $commit) = @_;
+	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
+	$c eq $commit or die "_rev_map_reset(@_) commit $c does not match!\n";
+	my $offset = sysseek($fh, 0, SEEK_CUR) or croak "seek: $!";
+	truncate $fh, $offset or croak "truncate: $!";
+}
+
+sub mkfile {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	unless (-e $path) {
+		my ($dir, $base) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		mkpath([$dir]) unless -d $dir;
+		open my $fh, '>>', $path or die "Couldn't create $path: $!\n";
+		close $fh or die "Couldn't close (create) $path: $!\n";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rev_map_set {
+	my ($self, $rev, $commit, $update_ref, $uuid) = @_;
+	defined $commit or die "missing arg3\n";
+	length $commit == 40 or die "arg3 must be a full SHA1 hexsum\n";
+	my $db = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	my $db_lock = "$db.lock";
+	my $sigmask;
+	$update_ref ||= 0;
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		$sigmask = POSIX::SigSet->new();
+		my $signew = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGHUP, SIGTERM,
+			SIGALRM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2);
+		sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, $signew, $sigmask) or
+			croak "Can't block signals: $!";
+	}
+	mkfile($db);
+
+	$LOCKFILES{$db_lock} = 1;
+	my $sync;
+	# both of these options make our .rev_db file very, very important
+	# and we can't afford to lose it because rebuild() won't work
+	if ($self->use_svm_props || $self->no_metadata) {
+		require File::Copy;
+		$sync = 1;
+		File::Copy::copy($db, $db_lock) or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
+					   "Failed to copy: ",
+					   "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
+	} else {
+		rename $db, $db_lock or die "rev_map_set(@_): ",
+					    "Failed to rename: ",
+					    "$db => $db_lock ($!)\n";
+	}
+
+	sysopen(my $fh, $db_lock, O_RDWR | O_CREAT)
+	     or croak "Couldn't open $db_lock: $!\n";
+	if ($update_ref eq 'reset') {
+		clear_memoized_mergeinfo_caches();
+		_rev_map_reset($fh, $rev, $commit);
+	} else {
+		_rev_map_set($fh, $rev, $commit);
+	}
+
+	if ($sync) {
+		$fh->flush or die "Couldn't flush $db_lock: $!\n";
+		$fh->sync or die "Couldn't sync $db_lock: $!\n";
+	}
+	close $fh or croak $!;
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		$_head = $self;
+		my $note = "";
+		$note = " ($update_ref)" if ($update_ref !~ /^\d*$/);
+		command_noisy('update-ref', '-m', "r$rev$note",
+		              $self->refname, $commit);
+	}
+	rename $db_lock, $db or die "rev_map_set(@_): ", "Failed to rename: ",
+	                            "$db_lock => $db ($!)\n";
+	delete $LOCKFILES{$db_lock};
+	if ($update_ref) {
+		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, $sigmask) or
+			croak "Can't restore signal mask: $!";
+	}
+}
+
+# If want_commit, this will return an array of (rev, commit) where
+# commit _must_ be a valid commit in the archive.
+# Otherwise, it'll return the max revision (whether or not the
+# commit is valid or just a 0x40 placeholder).
+sub rev_map_max {
+	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
+	$self->rebuild;
+	my ($r, $c) = $self->rev_map_max_norebuild($want_commit);
+	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
+}
+
+sub rev_map_max_norebuild {
+	my ($self, $want_commit) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path;
+	stat $map_path or return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	if ($size == 0) {
+		close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+		return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+	}
+
+	sysseek($fh, -24, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+	sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+	my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+	if ($want_commit && $c eq ('0' x40)) {
+		if ($size < 48) {
+			return $want_commit ? (0, undef) : 0;
+		}
+		sysseek($fh, -48, SEEK_END) or croak "seek: $!";
+		sysread($fh, $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+		($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+		if ($c eq ('0'x40)) {
+			croak "Penultimate record is all-zeroes in $map_path";
+		}
+	}
+	close $fh or croak "close: $!";
+	$want_commit ? ($r, $c) : $r;
+}
+
+sub rev_map_get {
+	my ($self, $rev, $uuid) = @_;
+	my $map_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	return undef unless -e $map_path;
+
+	sysopen(my $fh, $map_path, O_RDONLY) or croak "open: $!";
+	my $c = _rev_map_get($fh, $rev);
+	close($fh) or croak "close: $!";
+	$c
+}
+
+sub _rev_map_get {
+	my ($fh, $rev) = @_;
+
+	binmode $fh or croak "binmode: $!";
+	my $size = (stat($fh))[7];
+	($size % 24) == 0 or croak "inconsistent size: $size";
+
+	if ($size == 0) {
+		return undef;
+	}
+
+	my ($l, $u) = (0, $size - 24);
+	my ($r, $c, $buf);
+
+	while ($l <= $u) {
+		my $i = int(($l/24 + $u/24) / 2) * 24;
+		sysseek($fh, $i, SEEK_SET) or croak "seek: $!";
+		sysread($fh, my $buf, 24) == 24 or croak "read: $!";
+		my ($r, $c) = unpack(rev_map_fmt, $buf);
+
+		if ($r < $rev) {
+			$l = $i + 24;
+		} elsif ($r > $rev) {
+			$u = $i - 24;
+		} else { # $r == $rev
+			return $c eq ('0' x 40) ? undef : $c;
+		}
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
+# before $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any lower
+# than $min_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
+# if found, else (undef, undef).
+sub find_rev_before {
+	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $min_rev) = @_;
+	--$rev unless $eq_ok;
+	$min_rev ||= 1;
+	my $max_rev = $self->rev_map_max;
+	$rev = $max_rev if ($rev > $max_rev);
+	while ($rev >= $min_rev) {
+		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+		--$rev;
+	}
+	return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+# Finds the first svn revision that exists on (if $eq_ok is true) or
+# after $rev for the current branch.  It will not search any higher
+# than $max_rev.  Returns the git commit hash and svn revision number
+# if found, else (undef, undef).
+sub find_rev_after {
+	my ($self, $rev, $eq_ok, $max_rev) = @_;
+	++$rev unless $eq_ok;
+	$max_rev ||= $self->rev_map_max;
+	while ($rev <= $max_rev) {
+		if (my $c = $self->rev_map_get($rev)) {
+			return ($rev, $c);
+		}
+		++$rev;
+	}
+	return (undef, undef);
+}
+
+sub _new {
+	my ($class, $repo_id, $ref_id, $path) = @_;
+	unless (defined $repo_id && length $repo_id) {
+		$repo_id = $default_repo_id;
+	}
+	unless (defined $ref_id && length $ref_id) {
+		# Access the prefix option from the git-svn main program if it's loaded.
+		my $prefix = defined &::opt_prefix ? ::opt_prefix() : "";
+		$_[2] = $ref_id =
+		             "refs/remotes/$prefix$default_ref_id";
+	}
+	$_[1] = $repo_id;
+	my $dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$ref_id";
+
+	# Older repos imported by us used $GIT_DIR/svn/foo instead of
+	# $GIT_DIR/svn/refs/remotes/foo when tracking refs/remotes/foo
+	if ($ref_id =~ m{^refs/remotes/(.+)}) {
+		my $old_dir = "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/$1";
+		if (-d $old_dir && ! -d $dir) {
+			$dir = $old_dir;
+		}
+	}
+
+	$_[3] = $path = '' unless (defined $path);
+	mkpath([$dir]);
+	my $obj = bless {
+		ref_id => $ref_id, dir => $dir, index => "$dir/index",
+	        config => "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn/config",
+	        map_root => "$dir/.rev_map", repo_id => $repo_id }, $class;
+
+	# Ensure it gets canonicalized
+	$obj->path($path);
+
+	return $obj;
+}
+
+sub path {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if (@_) {
+		my $path = shift;
+		$self->{_path} = canonicalize_path($path);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	return $self->{_path};
+}
+
+sub url {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if (@_) {
+		my $url = shift;
+		$self->{url} = canonicalize_url($url);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	return $self->{url};
+}
+
+# for read-only access of old .rev_db formats
+sub unlink_rev_db_symlink {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $link = $self->rev_db_path;
+	$link =~ s/\.[\w-]+$// or croak "missing UUID at the end of $link";
+	if (-l $link) {
+		unlink $link or croak "unlink: $link failed!";
+	}
+}
+
+sub rev_db_path {
+	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
+	my $db_path = $self->map_path($uuid);
+	$db_path =~ s{/\.rev_map\.}{/\.rev_db\.}
+	    or croak "map_path: $db_path does not contain '/.rev_map.' !";
+	$db_path;
+}
+
+# the new replacement for .rev_db
+sub map_path {
+	my ($self, $uuid) = @_;
+	$uuid ||= $self->ra_uuid;
+	"$self->{map_root}.$uuid";
+}
+
+sub uri_encode {
+	my ($f) = @_;
+	$f =~ s#([^a-zA-Z0-9\*!\:_\./\-])#sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))#eg;
+	$f
+}
+
+sub uri_decode {
+	my ($f) = @_;
+	$f =~ s#%([0-9a-fA-F]{2})#chr(hex($1))#eg;
+	$f
+}
+
+sub remove_username {
+	$_[0] =~ s{^([^:]*://)[^@]+@}{$1};
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c50176eec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Editor.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,605 @@
+package Git::SVN::Editor;
+use vars qw/@ISA $_rmdir $_cp_similarity $_find_copies_harder $_rename_limit/;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use SVN::Core;
+use SVN::Delta;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use Git qw/command command_oneline command_noisy command_output_pipe
+           command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
+           command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe/;
+BEGIN {
+	@ISA = qw(SVN::Delta::Editor);
+}
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $opts) = @_;
+	foreach (qw/svn_path r ra tree_a tree_b log editor_cb/) {
+		die "$_ required!\n" unless (defined $opts->{$_});
+	}
+
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my $mods = generate_diff($opts->{tree_a}, $opts->{tree_b});
+	my $types = check_diff_paths($opts->{ra}, $opts->{svn_path},
+	                             $opts->{r}, $mods);
+
+	# $opts->{ra} functions should not be used after this:
+	my @ce  = $opts->{ra}->get_commit_editor($opts->{log},
+	                                        $opts->{editor_cb}, $pool);
+	my $self = SVN::Delta::Editor->new(@ce, $pool);
+	bless $self, $class;
+	foreach (qw/svn_path r tree_a tree_b/) {
+		$self->{$_} = $opts->{$_};
+	}
+	$self->{url} = $opts->{ra}->{url};
+	$self->{mods} = $mods;
+	$self->{types} = $types;
+	$self->{pool} = $pool;
+	$self->{bat} = { '' => $self->open_root($self->{r}, $self->{pool}) };
+	$self->{rm} = { };
+	$self->{path_prefix} = length $self->{svn_path} ?
+	                       "$self->{svn_path}/" : '';
+	$self->{config} = $opts->{config};
+	$self->{mergeinfo} = $opts->{mergeinfo};
+	return $self;
+}
+
+sub generate_diff {
+	my ($tree_a, $tree_b) = @_;
+	my @diff_tree = qw(diff-tree -z -r);
+	if ($_cp_similarity) {
+		push @diff_tree, "-C$_cp_similarity";
+	} else {
+		push @diff_tree, '-C';
+	}
+	push @diff_tree, '--find-copies-harder' if $_find_copies_harder;
+	push @diff_tree, "-l$_rename_limit" if defined $_rename_limit;
+	push @diff_tree, $tree_a, $tree_b;
+	my ($diff_fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(@diff_tree);
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	my $state = 'meta';
+	my @mods;
+	while (<$diff_fh>) {
+		chomp $_; # this gets rid of the trailing "\0"
+		if ($state eq 'meta' && /^:(\d{6})\s(\d{6})\s
+					($::sha1)\s($::sha1)\s
+					([MTCRAD])\d*$/xo) {
+			push @mods, {	mode_a => $1, mode_b => $2,
+					sha1_a => $3, sha1_b => $4,
+					chg => $5 };
+			if ($5 =~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				$state = 'file_a';
+			} else {
+				$state = 'file_b';
+			}
+		} elsif ($state eq 'file_a') {
+			my $x = $mods[$#mods] or croak "Empty array\n";
+			if ($x->{chg} !~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
+			}
+			$x->{file_a} = $_;
+			$state = 'file_b';
+		} elsif ($state eq 'file_b') {
+			my $x = $mods[$#mods] or croak "Empty array\n";
+			if (exists $x->{file_a} && $x->{chg} !~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
+			}
+			if (!exists $x->{file_a} && $x->{chg} =~ /^(?:C|R)$/) {
+				croak "Error parsing $_, $x->{chg}\n";
+			}
+			$x->{file_b} = $_;
+			$state = 'meta';
+		} else {
+			croak "Error parsing $_\n";
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($diff_fh, $ctx);
+	\@mods;
+}
+
+sub check_diff_paths {
+	my ($ra, $pfx, $rev, $mods) = @_;
+	my %types;
+	$pfx .= '/' if length $pfx;
+
+	sub type_diff_paths {
+		my ($ra, $types, $path, $rev) = @_;
+		my @p = split m#/+#, $path;
+		my $c = shift @p;
+		unless (defined $types->{$c}) {
+			$types->{$c} = $ra->check_path($c, $rev);
+		}
+		while (@p) {
+			$c .= '/' . shift @p;
+			next if defined $types->{$c};
+			$types->{$c} = $ra->check_path($c, $rev);
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach my $m (@$mods) {
+		foreach my $f (qw/file_a file_b/) {
+			next unless defined $m->{$f};
+			my ($dir) = ($m->{$f} =~ m#^(.*?)/?(?:[^/]+)$#);
+			if (length $pfx.$dir && ! defined $types{$dir}) {
+				type_diff_paths($ra, \%types, $pfx.$dir, $rev);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	\%types;
+}
+
+sub split_path {
+	return ($_[0] =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+}
+
+sub repo_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if (my $enc = $self->{pathnameencoding}) {
+		require Encode;
+		Encode::from_to($path, $enc, 'UTF-8');
+	}
+	$self->{path_prefix}.(defined $path ? $path : '');
+}
+
+sub url_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if ($self->{url} =~ m#^https?://#) {
+		# characters are taken from subversion/libsvn_subr/path.c
+		$path =~ s#([^~a-zA-Z0-9_./!$&'()*+,-])#sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))#eg;
+	}
+	$self->{url} . '/' . $self->repo_path($path);
+}
+
+sub rmdirs {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $rm = $self->{rm};
+	delete $rm->{''}; # we never delete the url we're tracking
+	return unless %$rm;
+
+	foreach (keys %$rm) {
+		my @d = split m#/#, $_;
+		my $c = shift @d;
+		$rm->{$c} = 1;
+		while (@d) {
+			$c .= '/' . shift @d;
+			$rm->{$c} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	delete $rm->{$self->{svn_path}};
+	delete $rm->{''}; # we never delete the url we're tracking
+	return unless %$rm;
+
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree --name-only -r -z/,
+	                                     $self->{tree_b});
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		chomp;
+		my @dn = split m#/#, $_;
+		while (pop @dn) {
+			delete $rm->{join '/', @dn};
+		}
+		unless (%$rm) {
+			close $fh;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+
+	my ($r, $p, $bat) = ($self->{r}, $self->{pool}, $self->{bat});
+	foreach my $d (sort { $b =~ tr#/#/# <=> $a =~ tr#/#/# } keys %$rm) {
+		$self->close_directory($bat->{$d}, $p);
+		my ($dn) = ($d =~ m#^(.*?)/?(?:[^/]+)$#);
+		print "\tD+\t$d/\n" unless $::_q;
+		$self->SUPER::delete_entry($d, $r, $bat->{$dn}, $p);
+		delete $bat->{$d};
+	}
+}
+
+sub open_or_add_dir {
+	my ($self, $full_path, $baton, $deletions) = @_;
+	my $t = $self->{types}->{$full_path};
+	if (!defined $t) {
+		die "$full_path not known in r$self->{r} or we have a bug!\n";
+	}
+	{
+		no warnings 'once';
+		# SVN::Node::none and SVN::Node::file are used only once,
+		# so we're shutting up Perl's warnings about them.
+		if ($t == $SVN::Node::none || defined($deletions->{$full_path})) {
+			return $self->add_directory($full_path, $baton,
+			    undef, -1, $self->{pool});
+		} elsif ($t == $SVN::Node::dir) {
+			return $self->open_directory($full_path, $baton,
+			    $self->{r}, $self->{pool});
+		} # no warnings 'once'
+		print STDERR "$full_path already exists in repository at ",
+		    "r$self->{r} and it is not a directory (",
+		    ($t == $SVN::Node::file ? 'file' : 'unknown'),"/$t)\n";
+	} # no warnings 'once'
+	exit 1;
+}
+
+sub ensure_path {
+	my ($self, $path, $deletions) = @_;
+	my $bat = $self->{bat};
+	my $repo_path = $self->repo_path($path);
+	return $bat->{''} unless (length $repo_path);
+
+	my @p = split m#/+#, $repo_path;
+	my $c = shift @p;
+	$bat->{$c} ||= $self->open_or_add_dir($c, $bat->{''}, $deletions);
+	while (@p) {
+		my $c0 = $c;
+		$c .= '/' . shift @p;
+		$bat->{$c} ||= $self->open_or_add_dir($c, $bat->{$c0}, $deletions);
+	}
+	return $bat->{$c};
+}
+
+# Subroutine to convert a globbing pattern to a regular expression.
+# From perl cookbook.
+sub glob2pat {
+	my $globstr = shift;
+	my %patmap = ('*' => '.*', '?' => '.', '[' => '[', ']' => ']');
+	$globstr =~ s{(.)} { $patmap{$1} || "\Q$1" }ge;
+	return '^' . $globstr . '$';
+}
+
+sub check_autoprop {
+	my ($self, $pattern, $properties, $file, $fbat) = @_;
+	# Convert the globbing pattern to a regular expression.
+	my $regex = glob2pat($pattern);
+	# Check if the pattern matches the file name.
+	if($file =~ m/($regex)/) {
+		# Parse the list of properties to set.
+		my @props = split(/;/, $properties);
+		foreach my $prop (@props) {
+			# Parse 'name=value' syntax and set the property.
+			if ($prop =~ /([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
+				my ($n,$v) = ($1,$2);
+				for ($n, $v) {
+					s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//;
+				}
+				$self->change_file_prop($fbat, $n, $v);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub apply_autoprops {
+	my ($self, $file, $fbat) = @_;
+	my $conf_t = ${$self->{config}}{'config'};
+	no warnings 'once';
+	# Check [miscellany]/enable-auto-props in svn configuration.
+	if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool(
+		$conf_t,
+		$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_MISCELLANY,
+		$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_ENABLE_AUTO_PROPS,
+		0)) {
+		# Auto-props are enabled.  Enumerate them to look for matches.
+		my $callback = sub {
+			$self->check_autoprop($_[0], $_[1], $file, $fbat);
+		};
+		SVN::_Core::svn_config_enumerate(
+			$conf_t,
+			$SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTO_PROPS,
+			$callback);
+	}
+}
+
+sub check_attr {
+	my ($attr,$path) = @_;
+	my $val = command_oneline("check-attr", $attr, "--", $path);
+	if ($val) { $val =~ s/^[^:]*:\s*[^:]*:\s*(.*)\s*$/$1/; }
+	return $val;
+}
+
+sub apply_manualprops {
+	my ($self, $file, $fbat) = @_;
+	my $pending_properties = check_attr( "svn-properties", $file );
+	if ($pending_properties eq "") { return; }
+	# Parse the list of properties to set.
+	my @props = split(/;/, $pending_properties);
+	# TODO: get existing properties to compare to
+	# - this fails for add so currently not done
+	# my $existing_props = ::get_svnprops($file);
+	my $existing_props = {};
+	# TODO: caching svn properties or storing them in .gitattributes
+	# would make that faster
+	foreach my $prop (@props) {
+		# Parse 'name=value' syntax and set the property.
+		if ($prop =~ /([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
+			my ($n,$v) = ($1,$2);
+			for ($n, $v) {
+				s/^\s+//; s/\s+$//;
+			}
+			my $existing = $existing_props->{$n};
+			if (!defined($existing) || $existing ne $v) {
+			    $self->change_file_prop($fbat, $n, $v);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub A {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
+					undef, -1);
+	print "\tA\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
+	$self->apply_manualprops($m->{file_b}, $fbat);
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub C {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	# workaround for a bug in svn serf backend (v1.8.5 and below):
+	# store third argument to ->add_file() in a local variable, to make it
+	# have the same lifetime as $fbat
+	my $upa = $self->url_path($m->{file_a});
+	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
+				$upa, $self->{r});
+	print "\tC\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->apply_manualprops($m->{file_b}, $fbat);
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub delete_entry {
+	my ($self, $path, $pbat) = @_;
+	my $rpath = $self->repo_path($path);
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($rpath);
+	$self->{rm}->{$dir} = 1;
+	$self->SUPER::delete_entry($rpath, $self->{r}, $pbat, $self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub R {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	# workaround for a bug in svn serf backend, see comment in C() above
+	my $upa = $self->url_path($m->{file_a});
+	my $fbat = $self->add_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}), $pbat,
+				$upa, $self->{r});
+	print "\tR\t$m->{file_a} => $m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->apply_autoprops($file, $fbat);
+	$self->apply_manualprops($m->{file_b}, $fbat);
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+
+	($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_a});
+	$pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	$self->delete_entry($m->{file_a}, $pbat);
+}
+
+sub M {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	my $fbat = $self->open_file($self->repo_path($m->{file_b}),
+				$pbat,$self->{r},$self->{pool});
+	print "\t$m->{chg}\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->apply_manualprops($m->{file_b}, $fbat);
+	$self->chg_file($fbat, $m);
+	$self->close_file($fbat,undef,$self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub T {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+
+	# Work around subversion issue 4091: toggling the "is a
+	# symlink" property requires removing and re-adding a
+	# file or else "svn up" on affected clients trips an
+	# assertion and aborts.
+	if (($m->{mode_b} =~ /^120/ && $m->{mode_a} !~ /^120/) ||
+	    ($m->{mode_b} !~ /^120/ && $m->{mode_a} =~ /^120/)) {
+		$self->D({
+			mode_a => $m->{mode_a}, mode_b => '000000',
+			sha1_a => $m->{sha1_a}, sha1_b => '0' x 40,
+			chg => 'D', file_b => $m->{file_b}
+		}, $deletions);
+		$self->A({
+			mode_a => '000000', mode_b => $m->{mode_b},
+			sha1_a => '0' x 40, sha1_b => $m->{sha1_b},
+			chg => 'A', file_b => $m->{file_b}
+		}, $deletions);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	$self->M($m, $deletions);
+}
+
+sub change_file_prop {
+	my ($self, $fbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
+	$self->SUPER::change_file_prop($fbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub change_dir_prop {
+	my ($self, $pbat, $pname, $pval) = @_;
+	$self->SUPER::change_dir_prop($pbat, $pname, $pval, $self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub _chg_file_get_blob ($$$$) {
+	my ($self, $fbat, $m, $which) = @_;
+	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire("git_blob_$which");
+	if ($m->{"mode_$which"} =~ /^120/) {
+		print $fh 'link ' or croak $!;
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:special','*');
+	} elsif ($m->{mode_a} =~ /^120/ && $m->{"mode_$which"} !~ /^120/) {
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:special',undef);
+	}
+	my $blob = $m->{"sha1_$which"};
+	return ($fh,) if ($blob =~ /^0{40}$/);
+	my $size = $::_repository->cat_blob($blob, $fh);
+	croak "Failed to read object $blob" if ($size < 0);
+	$fh->flush == 0 or croak $!;
+	seek $fh, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+
+	my $exp = ::md5sum($fh);
+	seek $fh, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+	return ($fh, $exp);
+}
+
+sub chg_file {
+	my ($self, $fbat, $m) = @_;
+	if ($m->{mode_b} =~ /755$/ && $m->{mode_a} !~ /755$/) {
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:executable','*');
+	} elsif ($m->{mode_b} !~ /755$/ && $m->{mode_a} =~ /755$/) {
+		$self->change_file_prop($fbat,'svn:executable',undef);
+	}
+	my ($fh_a, $exp_a) = _chg_file_get_blob $self, $fbat, $m, 'a';
+	my ($fh_b, $exp_b) = _chg_file_get_blob $self, $fbat, $m, 'b';
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my $atd = $self->apply_textdelta($fbat, $exp_a, $pool);
+	if (-s $fh_a) {
+		my $txstream = SVN::TxDelta::new ($fh_a, $fh_b, $pool);
+		my $res = SVN::TxDelta::send_txstream($txstream, @$atd, $pool);
+		if (defined $res) {
+			die "Unexpected result from send_txstream: $res\n",
+			    "(SVN::Core::VERSION: $SVN::Core::VERSION)\n";
+		}
+	} else {
+		my $got = SVN::TxDelta::send_stream($fh_b, @$atd, $pool);
+		die "Checksum mismatch\nexpected: $exp_b\ngot: $got\n"
+		    if ($got ne $exp_b);
+	}
+	Git::temp_release($fh_b, 1);
+	Git::temp_release($fh_a, 1);
+	$pool->clear;
+}
+
+sub D {
+	my ($self, $m, $deletions) = @_;
+	my ($dir, $file) = split_path($m->{file_b});
+	my $pbat = $self->ensure_path($dir, $deletions);
+	print "\tD\t$m->{file_b}\n" unless $::_q;
+	$self->delete_entry($m->{file_b}, $pbat);
+}
+
+sub close_edit {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my ($p,$bat) = ($self->{pool}, $self->{bat});
+	foreach (sort { $b =~ tr#/#/# <=> $a =~ tr#/#/# } keys %$bat) {
+		next if $_ eq '';
+		$self->close_directory($bat->{$_}, $p);
+	}
+	$self->close_directory($bat->{''}, $p);
+	$self->SUPER::close_edit($p);
+	$p->clear;
+}
+
+sub abort_edit {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	$self->SUPER::abort_edit($self->{pool});
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->SUPER::DESTROY(@_);
+	$self->{pool}->clear;
+}
+
+# this drives the editor
+sub apply_diff {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $mods = $self->{mods};
+	my %o = ( D => 0, C => 1, R => 2, A => 3, M => 4, T => 5 );
+	my %deletions;
+
+	foreach my $m (@$mods) {
+		if ($m->{chg} eq "D") {
+			$deletions{$m->{file_b}} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	foreach my $m (sort { $o{$a->{chg}} <=> $o{$b->{chg}} } @$mods) {
+		my $f = $m->{chg};
+		if (defined $o{$f}) {
+			$self->$f($m, \%deletions);
+		} else {
+			fatal("Invalid change type: $f");
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (defined($self->{mergeinfo})) {
+		$self->change_dir_prop($self->{bat}{''}, "svn:mergeinfo",
+			               $self->{mergeinfo});
+	}
+	$self->rmdirs if $_rmdir;
+	if (@$mods == 0 && !defined($self->{mergeinfo})) {
+		$self->abort_edit;
+	} else {
+		$self->close_edit;
+	}
+	return scalar @$mods;
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Editor - commit driver for "git svn set-tree" and dcommit
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+	use Git::SVN::Editor;
+	use Git::SVN::Ra;
+
+	my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+	my %opts = (
+		r => 19,
+		log => "log message",
+		ra => $ra,
+		config => SVN::Core::config_get_config($svn_config_dir),
+		tree_a => "$commit^",
+		tree_b => "$commit",
+		editor_cb => sub { print "Committed r$_[0]\n"; },
+		mergeinfo => "/branches/foo:1-10",
+		svn_path => "trunk"
+	);
+	Git::SVN::Editor->new(\%opts)->apply_diff or print "No changes\n";
+
+	my $re = Git::SVN::Editor::glob2pat("trunk/*");
+	if ($branchname =~ /$re/) {
+		print "matched!\n";
+	}
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module is an implementation detail of the "git svn" command.
+Do not use it unless you are developing git-svn.
+
+This module adapts the C<SVN::Delta::Editor> object returned by
+C<SVN::Delta::get_commit_editor> and drives it to convey the
+difference between two git tree objects to a remote Subversion
+repository.
+
+The interface will change as git-svn evolves.
+
+=head1 DEPENDENCIES
+
+Subversion perl bindings,
+the core L<Carp> module,
+and git's L<Git> helper module.
+
+C<Git::SVN::Editor> has not been tested using callers other than
+B<git-svn> itself.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<SVN::Delta>,
+L<Git::SVN::Fetcher>.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
+
+None reported.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+None.
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8c21ad915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Fetcher.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+package Git::SVN::Fetcher;
+use vars qw/@ISA $_ignore_regex $_include_regex $_preserve_empty_dirs
+            $_placeholder_filename @deleted_gpath %added_placeholder
+            $repo_id/;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use SVN::Delta;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Basename qw/dirname/;
+use Git qw/command command_oneline command_noisy command_output_pipe
+           command_input_pipe command_close_pipe
+           command_bidi_pipe command_close_bidi_pipe/;
+BEGIN {
+	@ISA = qw(SVN::Delta::Editor);
+}
+
+# file baton members: path, mode_a, mode_b, pool, fh, blob, base
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $git_svn, $switch_path) = @_;
+	my $self = SVN::Delta::Editor->new;
+	bless $self, $class;
+	if (exists $git_svn->{last_commit}) {
+		$self->{c} = $git_svn->{last_commit};
+		$self->{empty_symlinks} =
+		                  _mark_empty_symlinks($git_svn, $switch_path);
+	}
+
+	# some options are read globally, but can be overridden locally
+	# per [svn-remote "..."] section.  Command-line options will *NOT*
+	# override options set in an [svn-remote "..."] section
+	$repo_id = $git_svn->{repo_id};
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.ignore-paths";
+	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
+	$self->{ignore_regex} = $v;
+
+	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.include-paths";
+	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
+	$self->{include_regex} = $v;
+
+	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.preserve-empty-dirs";
+	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', '--bool', $k) };
+	if ($v && $v eq 'true') {
+		$_preserve_empty_dirs = 1;
+		$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.placeholder-filename";
+		$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get', $k) };
+		$_placeholder_filename = $v;
+	}
+
+	# Load the list of placeholder files added during previous invocations.
+	$k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.added-placeholder";
+	$v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get-all', $k) };
+	if ($_preserve_empty_dirs && $v) {
+		# command() prints errors to stderr, so we only call it if
+		# command_oneline() succeeded.
+		my @v = command('config', '--get-all', $k);
+		$added_placeholder{ dirname($_) } = $_ foreach @v;
+	}
+
+	$self->{empty} = {};
+	$self->{dir_prop} = {};
+	$self->{file_prop} = {};
+	$self->{absent_dir} = {};
+	$self->{absent_file} = {};
+	require Git::IndexInfo;
+	$self->{gii} = $git_svn->tmp_index_do(sub { Git::IndexInfo->new });
+	$self->{pathnameencoding} = Git::config('svn.pathnameencoding');
+	$self;
+}
+
+# this uses the Ra object, so it must be called before do_{switch,update},
+# not inside them (when the Git::SVN::Fetcher object is passed) to
+# do_{switch,update}
+sub _mark_empty_symlinks {
+	my ($git_svn, $switch_path) = @_;
+	my $bool = Git::config_bool('svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround');
+	return {} if (!defined($bool)) || (defined($bool) && ! $bool);
+
+	my %ret;
+	my ($rev, $cmt) = $git_svn->last_rev_commit;
+	return {} unless ($rev && $cmt);
+
+	# allow the warning to be printed for each revision we fetch to
+	# ensure the user sees it.  The user can also disable the workaround
+	# on the repository even while git svn is running and the next
+	# revision fetched will skip this expensive function.
+	my $printed_warning;
+	chomp(my $empty_blob = `git hash-object -t blob --stdin < /dev/null`);
+	my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree -r -z/, $cmt);
+	local $/ = "\0";
+	my $pfx = defined($switch_path) ? $switch_path : $git_svn->path;
+	$pfx .= '/' if length($pfx);
+	while (<$ls>) {
+		chomp;
+		s/\A100644 blob $empty_blob\t//o or next;
+		unless ($printed_warning) {
+			print STDERR "Scanning for empty symlinks, ",
+			             "this may take a while if you have ",
+				     "many empty files\n",
+				     "You may disable this with `",
+				     "git config svn.brokenSymlinkWorkaround ",
+				     "false'.\n",
+				     "This may be done in a different ",
+				     "terminal without restarting ",
+				     "git svn\n";
+			$printed_warning = 1;
+		}
+		my $path = $_;
+		my (undef, $props) =
+		               $git_svn->ra->get_file($pfx.$path, $rev, undef);
+		if ($props->{'svn:special'}) {
+			$ret{$path} = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
+	\%ret;
+}
+
+# returns true if a given path is inside a ".git" directory
+sub in_dot_git {
+	$_[0] =~ m{(?:^|/)\.git(?:/|$)};
+}
+
+# return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
+# This will also check whether the path is explicitly included
+sub is_path_ignored {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	return 1 if in_dot_git($path);
+	return 1 if defined($self->{ignore_regex}) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$self->{ignore_regex}!;
+	return 0 if defined($self->{include_regex}) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$self->{include_regex}!;
+	return 0 if defined($_include_regex) &&
+	            $path =~ m!$_include_regex!;
+	return 1 if defined($self->{include_regex});
+	return 1 if defined($_include_regex);
+	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_regex);
+	return 1 if $path =~ m!$_ignore_regex!o;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub set_path_strip {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	$self->{path_strip} = qr/^\Q$path\E(\/|$)/ if length $path;
+}
+
+sub open_root {
+	{ path => '' };
+}
+
+sub open_directory {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb, $rev) = @_;
+	{ path => $path };
+}
+
+sub git_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	if (my $enc = $self->{pathnameencoding}) {
+		require Encode;
+		Encode::from_to($path, 'UTF-8', $enc);
+	}
+	if ($self->{path_strip}) {
+		$path =~ s!$self->{path_strip}!! or
+		  die "Failed to strip path '$path' ($self->{path_strip})\n";
+	}
+	$path;
+}
+
+sub delete_entry {
+	my ($self, $path, $rev, $pb) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+	return undef if ($gpath eq '');
+
+	# remove entire directories.
+	my ($tree) = (command('ls-tree', '-z', $self->{c}, "./$gpath")
+	                 =~ /\A040000 tree ([a-f\d]{40})\t\Q$gpath\E\0/);
+	if ($tree) {
+		my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree
+		                                     -r --name-only -z/,
+				                     $tree);
+		local $/ = "\0";
+		while (<$ls>) {
+			chomp;
+			my $rmpath = "$gpath/$_";
+			$self->{gii}->remove($rmpath);
+			print "\tD\t$rmpath\n" unless $::_q;
+		}
+		print "\tD\t$gpath/\n" unless $::_q;
+		command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
+	} else {
+		$self->{gii}->remove($gpath);
+		print "\tD\t$gpath\n" unless $::_q;
+	}
+	# Don't add to @deleted_gpath if we're deleting a placeholder file.
+	push @deleted_gpath, $gpath unless $added_placeholder{dirname($path)};
+	$self->{empty}->{$path} = 0;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub open_file {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb, $rev) = @_;
+	my ($mode, $blob);
+
+	goto out if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+	($mode, $blob) = (command('ls-tree', '-z', $self->{c}, "./$gpath")
+	                     =~ /\A(\d{6}) blob ([a-f\d]{40})\t\Q$gpath\E\0/);
+	unless (defined $mode && defined $blob) {
+		die "$path was not found in commit $self->{c} (r$rev)\n";
+	}
+	if ($mode eq '100644' && $self->{empty_symlinks}->{$path}) {
+		$mode = '120000';
+	}
+out:
+	{ path => $path, mode_a => $mode, mode_b => $mode, blob => $blob,
+	  pool => SVN::Pool->new, action => 'M' };
+}
+
+sub add_file {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb, $cp_path, $cp_rev) = @_;
+	my $mode;
+
+	if (!$self->is_path_ignored($path)) {
+		my ($dir, $file) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+		delete $self->{empty}->{$dir};
+		$mode = '100644';
+
+		if ($added_placeholder{$dir}) {
+			# Remove our placeholder file, if we created one.
+			delete_entry($self, $added_placeholder{$dir})
+				unless $path eq $added_placeholder{$dir};
+			delete $added_placeholder{$dir}
+		}
+	}
+
+	{ path => $path, mode_a => $mode, mode_b => $mode,
+	  pool => SVN::Pool->new, action => 'A' };
+}
+
+sub add_directory {
+	my ($self, $path, $cp_path, $cp_rev) = @_;
+	goto out if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+	if ($gpath eq '') {
+		my ($ls, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/ls-tree
+		                                     -r --name-only -z/,
+				                     $self->{c});
+		local $/ = "\0";
+		while (<$ls>) {
+			chomp;
+			$self->{gii}->remove($_);
+			print "\tD\t$_\n" unless $::_q;
+			push @deleted_gpath, $gpath;
+		}
+		command_close_pipe($ls, $ctx);
+		$self->{empty}->{$path} = 0;
+	}
+	my ($dir, $file) = ($path =~ m#^(.*?)/?([^/]+)$#);
+	delete $self->{empty}->{$dir};
+	$self->{empty}->{$path} = 1;
+
+	if ($added_placeholder{$dir}) {
+		# Remove our placeholder file, if we created one.
+		delete_entry($self, $added_placeholder{$dir});
+		delete $added_placeholder{$dir}
+	}
+
+out:
+	{ path => $path };
+}
+
+sub change_dir_prop {
+	my ($self, $db, $prop, $value) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($db->{path});
+	$self->{dir_prop}->{$db->{path}} ||= {};
+	$self->{dir_prop}->{$db->{path}}->{$prop} = $value;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub absent_directory {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+	$self->{absent_dir}->{$pb->{path}} ||= [];
+	push @{$self->{absent_dir}->{$pb->{path}}}, $path;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub absent_file {
+	my ($self, $path, $pb) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($path);
+	$self->{absent_file}->{$pb->{path}} ||= [];
+	push @{$self->{absent_file}->{$pb->{path}}}, $path;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub change_file_prop {
+	my ($self, $fb, $prop, $value) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
+	if ($prop eq 'svn:executable') {
+		if ($fb->{mode_b} != 120000) {
+			$fb->{mode_b} = defined $value ? 100755 : 100644;
+		}
+	} elsif ($prop eq 'svn:special') {
+		$fb->{mode_b} = defined $value ? 120000 : 100644;
+	} else {
+		$self->{file_prop}->{$fb->{path}} ||= {};
+		$self->{file_prop}->{$fb->{path}}->{$prop} = $value;
+	}
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub apply_textdelta {
+	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
+	my $suffix = 0;
+	++$suffix while $::_repository->temp_is_locked("svn_delta_${$}_$suffix");
+	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire("svn_delta_${$}_$suffix");
+	# $fh gets auto-closed() by SVN::TxDelta::apply(),
+	# (but $base does not,) so dup() it for reading in close_file
+	open my $dup, '<&', $fh or croak $!;
+	my $base = $::_repository->temp_acquire("git_blob_${$}_$suffix");
+	# close_file may call temp_acquire on 'svn_hash', but because of the
+	# call chain, if the temp_acquire call from close_file ends up being the
+	# call that first creates the 'svn_hash' temp file, then the FileHandle
+	# that's created as a result will end up in an SVN::Pool that we clear
+	# in SVN::Ra::gs_fetch_loop_common.  Avoid that by making sure the
+	# 'svn_hash' FileHandle is already created before close_file is called.
+	my $tmp_fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire('svn_hash');
+	$::_repository->temp_release($tmp_fh, 1);
+
+	if ($fb->{blob}) {
+		my ($base_is_link, $size);
+
+		if ($fb->{mode_a} eq '120000' &&
+		    ! $self->{empty_symlinks}->{$fb->{path}}) {
+			print $base 'link ' or die "print $!\n";
+			$base_is_link = 1;
+		}
+	retry:
+		$size = $::_repository->cat_blob($fb->{blob}, $base);
+		die "Failed to read object $fb->{blob}" if ($size < 0);
+
+		if (defined $exp) {
+			seek $base, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+			my $got = ::md5sum($base);
+			if ($got ne $exp) {
+				my $err = "Checksum mismatch: ".
+				       "$fb->{path} $fb->{blob}\n" .
+				       "expected: $exp\n" .
+				       "     got: $got\n";
+				if ($base_is_link) {
+					warn $err,
+					     "Retrying... (possibly ",
+					     "a bad symlink from SVN)\n";
+					$::_repository->temp_reset($base);
+					$base_is_link = 0;
+					goto retry;
+				}
+				die $err;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	seek $base, 0, 0 or croak $!;
+	$fb->{fh} = $fh;
+	$fb->{base} = $base;
+	[ SVN::TxDelta::apply($base, $dup, undef, $fb->{path}, $fb->{pool}) ];
+}
+
+sub close_file {
+	my ($self, $fb, $exp) = @_;
+	return undef if $self->is_path_ignored($fb->{path});
+
+	my $hash;
+	my $path = $self->git_path($fb->{path});
+	if (my $fh = $fb->{fh}) {
+		if (defined $exp) {
+			seek($fh, 0, 0) or croak $!;
+			my $got = ::md5sum($fh);
+			if ($got ne $exp) {
+				die "Checksum mismatch: $path\n",
+				    "expected: $exp\n    got: $got\n";
+			}
+		}
+		if ($fb->{mode_b} == 120000) {
+			sysseek($fh, 0, 0) or croak $!;
+			my $rd = sysread($fh, my $buf, 5);
+
+			if (!defined $rd) {
+				croak "sysread: $!\n";
+			} elsif ($rd == 0) {
+				warn "$path has mode 120000",
+				     " but it points to nothing\n",
+				     "converting to an empty file with mode",
+				     " 100644\n";
+				$fb->{mode_b} = '100644';
+			} elsif ($buf ne 'link ') {
+				warn "$path has mode 120000",
+				     " but is not a link\n";
+			} else {
+				my $tmp_fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire(
+					'svn_hash');
+				my $res;
+				while ($res = sysread($fh, my $str, 1024)) {
+					my $out = syswrite($tmp_fh, $str, $res);
+					defined($out) && $out == $res
+						or croak("write ",
+							Git::temp_path($tmp_fh),
+							": $!\n");
+				}
+				defined $res or croak $!;
+
+				($fh, $tmp_fh) = ($tmp_fh, $fh);
+				Git::temp_release($tmp_fh, 1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		$hash = $::_repository->hash_and_insert_object(
+				Git::temp_path($fh));
+		$hash =~ /^[a-f\d]{40}$/ or die "not a sha1: $hash\n";
+
+		Git::temp_release($fb->{base}, 1);
+		Git::temp_release($fh, 1);
+	} else {
+		$hash = $fb->{blob} or die "no blob information\n";
+	}
+	$fb->{pool}->clear;
+	$self->{gii}->update($fb->{mode_b}, $hash, $path) or croak $!;
+	print "\t$fb->{action}\t$path\n" if $fb->{action} && ! $::_q;
+	undef;
+}
+
+sub abort_edit {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->{nr} = $self->{gii}->{nr};
+	delete $self->{gii};
+	$self->SUPER::abort_edit(@_);
+}
+
+sub close_edit {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if ($_preserve_empty_dirs) {
+		my @empty_dirs;
+
+		# Any entry flagged as empty that also has an associated
+		# dir_prop represents a newly created empty directory.
+		foreach my $i (keys %{$self->{empty}}) {
+			push @empty_dirs, $i if exists $self->{dir_prop}->{$i};
+		}
+
+		# Search for directories that have become empty due subsequent
+		# file deletes.
+		push @empty_dirs, $self->find_empty_directories();
+
+		# Finally, add a placeholder file to each empty directory.
+		$self->add_placeholder_file($_) foreach (@empty_dirs);
+
+		$self->stash_placeholder_list();
+	}
+
+	$self->{git_commit_ok} = 1;
+	$self->{nr} = $self->{gii}->{nr};
+	delete $self->{gii};
+	$self->SUPER::close_edit(@_);
+}
+
+sub find_empty_directories {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my @empty_dirs;
+	my %dirs = map { dirname($_) => 1 } @deleted_gpath;
+
+	foreach my $dir (sort keys %dirs) {
+		next if $dir eq ".";
+
+		# If there have been any additions to this directory, there is
+		# no reason to check if it is empty.
+		my $skip_added = 0;
+		foreach my $t (qw/dir_prop file_prop/) {
+			foreach my $path (keys %{ $self->{$t} }) {
+				if (exists $self->{$t}->{dirname($path)}) {
+					$skip_added = 1;
+					last;
+				}
+			}
+			last if $skip_added;
+		}
+		next if $skip_added;
+
+		# Use `git ls-tree` to get the filenames of this directory
+		# that existed prior to this particular commit.
+		my $ls = command('ls-tree', '-z', '--name-only',
+				 $self->{c}, "$dir/");
+		my %files = map { $_ => 1 } split(/\0/, $ls);
+
+		# Remove the filenames that were deleted during this commit.
+		delete $files{$_} foreach (@deleted_gpath);
+
+		# Report the directory if there are no filenames left.
+		push @empty_dirs, $dir unless (scalar %files);
+	}
+	@empty_dirs;
+}
+
+sub add_placeholder_file {
+	my ($self, $dir) = @_;
+	my $path = "$dir/$_placeholder_filename";
+	my $gpath = $self->git_path($path);
+
+	my $fh = $::_repository->temp_acquire($gpath);
+	my $hash = $::_repository->hash_and_insert_object(Git::temp_path($fh));
+	Git::temp_release($fh, 1);
+	$self->{gii}->update('100644', $hash, $gpath) or croak $!;
+
+	# The directory should no longer be considered empty.
+	delete $self->{empty}->{$dir} if exists $self->{empty}->{$dir};
+
+	# Keep track of any placeholder files we create.
+	$added_placeholder{$dir} = $path;
+}
+
+sub stash_placeholder_list {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	my $k = "svn-remote.$repo_id.added-placeholder";
+	my $v = eval { command_oneline('config', '--get-all', $k) };
+	command_noisy('config', '--unset-all', $k) if $v;
+	foreach (values %added_placeholder) {
+		command_noisy('config', '--add', $k, $_);
+	}
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Fetcher - tree delta consumer for "git svn fetch"
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use SVN::Core;
+    use SVN::Ra;
+    use Git::SVN;
+    use Git::SVN::Fetcher;
+    use Git;
+
+    my $gs = Git::SVN->find_by_url($url);
+    my $ra = SVN::Ra->new(url => $url);
+    my $editor = Git::SVN::Fetcher->new($gs);
+    my $reporter = $ra->do_update($SVN::Core::INVALID_REVNUM, '',
+                                  1, $editor);
+    $reporter->set_path('', $old_rev, 0);
+    $reporter->finish_report;
+    my $tree = $gs->tmp_index_do(sub { command_oneline('write-tree') });
+
+    foreach my $path (keys %{$editor->{dir_prop}) {
+        my $props = $editor->{dir_prop}{$path};
+        foreach my $prop (keys %$props) {
+            print "property $prop at $path changed to $props->{$prop}\n";
+        }
+    }
+    foreach my $path (keys %{$editor->{empty}) {
+        my $action = $editor->{empty}{$path} ? 'added' : 'removed';
+        print "empty directory $path $action\n";
+    }
+    foreach my $path (keys %{$editor->{file_prop}) { ... }
+    foreach my $parent (keys %{$editor->{absent_dir}}) {
+        my @children = @{$editor->{abstent_dir}{$parent}};
+        print "cannot fetch directory $parent/$_: not authorized?\n"
+            foreach @children;
+    }
+    foreach my $parent (keys %{$editor->{absent_file}) { ... }
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This is a subclass of C<SVN::Delta::Editor>, which means it implements
+callbacks to act as a consumer of Subversion tree deltas.  This
+particular implementation of those callbacks is meant to store
+information about the resulting content which B<git svn fetch> could
+use to populate new commits and new entries for F<unhandled.log>.
+More specifically:
+
+=over
+
+=item * Additions, removals, and modifications of files are propagated
+to git-svn's index file F<$GIT_DIR/svn/$refname/index> using
+B<git update-index>.
+
+=item * Changes in Subversion path properties are recorded in the
+C<dir_prop> and C<file_prop> fields (which are hashes).
+
+=item * Addition and removal of empty directories are indicated by
+entries with value 1 and 0 respectively in the C<empty> hash.
+
+=item * Paths that are present but cannot be conveyed (presumably due
+to permissions) are recorded in the C<absent_file> and
+C<absent_dirs> hashes.  For each key, the corresponding value is
+a list of paths under that directory that were present but
+could not be conveyed.
+
+=back
+
+The interface is unstable.  Do not use this module unless you are
+developing git-svn.
+
+=head1 DEPENDENCIES
+
+L<SVN::Delta> from the Subversion perl bindings,
+the core L<Carp> and L<File::Basename> modules,
+and git's L<Git> helper module.
+
+C<Git::SVN::Fetcher> has not been tested using callers other than
+B<git-svn> itself.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<SVN::Delta>,
+L<Git::SVN::Editor>.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
+
+None reported.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+None.
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c95f5d76ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/GlobSpec.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package Git::SVN::GlobSpec;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $glob, $pattern_ok) = @_;
+	my $re = $glob;
+	$re =~ s!/+$!!g; # no need for trailing slashes
+	my (@left, @right, @patterns);
+	my $state = "left";
+	my $die_msg = "Only one set of wildcard directories " .
+				"(e.g. '*' or '*/*/*') is supported: '$glob'\n";
+	for my $part (split(m|/|, $glob)) {
+		if ($part =~ /\*/ && $part ne "*") {
+			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
+		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /[{}]/ &&
+			 $part !~ /^\{[^{}]+\}/) {
+			die "Invalid pattern in '$glob': $part\n";
+		}
+		if ($part eq "*") {
+			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
+			$state = "pattern";
+			push(@patterns, "[^/]*");
+		} elsif ($pattern_ok && $part =~ /^\{(.*)\}$/) {
+			die $die_msg if $state eq "right";
+			$state = "pattern";
+			my $p = quotemeta($1);
+			$p =~ s/\\,/|/g;
+			push(@patterns, "(?:$p)");
+		} else {
+			if ($state eq "left") {
+				push(@left, $part);
+			} else {
+				push(@right, $part);
+				$state = "right";
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	my $depth = @patterns;
+	if ($depth == 0) {
+		die "One '*' is needed in glob: '$glob'\n";
+	}
+	my $left = join('/', @left);
+	my $right = join('/', @right);
+	$re = join('/', @patterns);
+	$re = join('\/',
+		   grep(length, quotemeta($left),
+                                "($re)(?=/|\$)",
+                                quotemeta($right)));
+	my $left_re = qr/^\/\Q$left\E(\/|$)/;
+	bless { left => $left, right => $right, left_regex => $left_re,
+	        regex => qr/$re/, glob => $glob, depth => $depth }, $class;
+}
+
+sub full_path {
+	my ($self, $path) = @_;
+	return (length $self->{left} ? "$self->{left}/" : '') .
+	       $path . (length $self->{right} ? "/$self->{right}" : '');
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..664105357c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Log.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+package Git::SVN::Log;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(fatal);
+use Git qw(command
+           command_oneline
+           command_output_pipe
+           command_close_pipe
+           get_tz_offset);
+use POSIX qw/strftime/;
+use constant commit_log_separator => ('-' x 72) . "\n";
+use vars qw/$TZ $limit $color $pager $non_recursive $verbose $oneline
+            %rusers $show_commit $incremental/;
+
+# Option set in git-svn
+our $_git_format;
+
+sub cmt_showable {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	return 1 if defined $c->{r};
+
+	# big commit message got truncated by the 16k pretty buffer in rev-list
+	if ($c->{l} && $c->{l}->[-1] eq "...\n" &&
+				$c->{a_raw} =~ /\@([a-f\d\-]+)>$/) {
+		@{$c->{l}} = ();
+		my @log = command(qw/cat-file commit/, $c->{c});
+
+		# shift off the headers
+		shift @log while ($log[0] ne '');
+		shift @log;
+
+		# TODO: make $c->{l} not have a trailing newline in the future
+		@{$c->{l}} = map { "$_\n" } grep !/^git-svn-id: /, @log;
+
+		(undef, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata(
+				(grep(/^git-svn-id: /, @log))[-1]);
+	}
+	return defined $c->{r};
+}
+
+sub log_use_color {
+	return $color || Git->repository->get_colorbool('color.diff');
+}
+
+sub git_svn_log_cmd {
+	my ($r_min, $r_max, @args) = @_;
+	my $head = 'HEAD';
+	my (@files, @log_opts);
+	foreach my $x (@args) {
+		if ($x eq '--' || @files) {
+			push @files, $x;
+		} else {
+			if (::verify_ref("$x^0")) {
+				$head = $x;
+			} else {
+				push @log_opts, $x;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	my ($url, $rev, $uuid, $gs) = ::working_head_info($head);
+
+	require Git::SVN;
+	$gs ||= Git::SVN->_new;
+	my @cmd = (qw/log --abbrev-commit --pretty=raw --default/,
+	           $gs->refname);
+	push @cmd, '-r' unless $non_recursive;
+	push @cmd, qw/--raw --name-status/ if $verbose;
+	push @cmd, '--color' if log_use_color();
+	push @cmd, @log_opts;
+	if (defined $r_max && $r_max == $r_min) {
+		push @cmd, '--max-count=1';
+		if (my $c = $gs->rev_map_get($r_max)) {
+			push @cmd, $c;
+		}
+	} elsif (defined $r_max) {
+		if ($r_max < $r_min) {
+			($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
+		}
+		my (undef, $c_max) = $gs->find_rev_before($r_max, 1, $r_min);
+		my (undef, $c_min) = $gs->find_rev_after($r_min, 1, $r_max);
+		# If there are no commits in the range, both $c_max and $c_min
+		# will be undefined.  If there is at least 1 commit in the
+		# range, both will be defined.
+		return () if !defined $c_min || !defined $c_max;
+		if ($c_min eq $c_max) {
+			push @cmd, '--max-count=1', $c_min;
+		} else {
+			push @cmd, '--boundary', "$c_min..$c_max";
+		}
+	}
+	return (@cmd, @files);
+}
+
+# adapted from pager.c
+sub config_pager {
+	if (! -t *STDOUT) {
+		$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = 'false';
+		$pager = undef;
+		return;
+	}
+	chomp($pager = command_oneline(qw(var GIT_PAGER)));
+	if ($pager eq 'cat') {
+		$pager = undef;
+	}
+	$ENV{GIT_PAGER_IN_USE} = defined($pager);
+}
+
+sub run_pager {
+	return unless defined $pager;
+	pipe my ($rfd, $wfd) or return;
+	defined(my $pid = fork) or fatal "Can't fork: $!";
+	if (!$pid) {
+		open STDOUT, '>&', $wfd or
+		                     fatal "Can't redirect to stdout: $!";
+		return;
+	}
+	open STDIN, '<&', $rfd or fatal "Can't redirect stdin: $!";
+	$ENV{LESS} ||= 'FRX';
+	$ENV{LV} ||= '-c';
+	exec $pager or fatal "Can't run pager: $! ($pager)";
+}
+
+sub format_svn_date {
+	my $t = shift || time;
+	require Git::SVN;
+	my $gmoff = get_tz_offset($t);
+	return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S $gmoff (%a, %d %b %Y)", localtime($t));
+}
+
+sub parse_git_date {
+	my ($t, $tz) = @_;
+	# Date::Parse isn't in the standard Perl distro :(
+	if ($tz =~ s/^\+//) {
+		$t += tz_to_s_offset($tz);
+	} elsif ($tz =~ s/^\-//) {
+		$t -= tz_to_s_offset($tz);
+	}
+	return $t;
+}
+
+sub set_local_timezone {
+	if (defined $TZ) {
+		$ENV{TZ} = $TZ;
+	} else {
+		delete $ENV{TZ};
+	}
+}
+
+sub tz_to_s_offset {
+	my ($tz) = @_;
+	$tz =~ s/(\d\d)$//;
+	return ($1 * 60) + ($tz * 3600);
+}
+
+sub get_author_info {
+	my ($dest, $author, $t, $tz) = @_;
+	$author =~ s/(?:^\s*|\s*$)//g;
+	$dest->{a_raw} = $author;
+	my $au;
+	if ($::_authors) {
+		$au = $rusers{$author} || undef;
+	}
+	if (!$au) {
+		($au) = ($author =~ /<([^>]+)\@[^>]+>$/);
+	}
+	$dest->{t} = $t;
+	$dest->{tz} = $tz;
+	$dest->{a} = $au;
+	$dest->{t_utc} = parse_git_date($t, $tz);
+}
+
+sub process_commit {
+	my ($c, $r_min, $r_max, $defer) = @_;
+	if (defined $r_min && defined $r_max) {
+		if ($r_min == $c->{r} && $r_min == $r_max) {
+			show_commit($c);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return 1 if $r_min == $r_max;
+		if ($r_min < $r_max) {
+			# we need to reverse the print order
+			return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
+			push @$defer, $c;
+			return 1;
+		}
+		if ($r_min != $r_max) {
+			return 1 if ($r_min < $c->{r});
+			return 1 if ($r_max > $c->{r});
+		}
+	}
+	return 0 if (defined $limit && --$limit < 0);
+	show_commit($c);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+my $l_fmt;
+sub show_commit {
+	my $c = shift;
+	if ($oneline) {
+		my $x = "\n";
+		if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
+			while ($l->[0] =~ /^\s*$/) { shift @$l }
+			$x = $l->[0];
+		}
+		$l_fmt ||= 'A' . length($c->{r});
+		print 'r',pack($l_fmt, $c->{r}),' | ';
+		print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
+		print $x;
+	} else {
+		show_commit_normal($c);
+	}
+}
+
+sub show_commit_changed_paths {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	return unless $c->{changed};
+	print "Changed paths:\n", @{$c->{changed}};
+}
+
+sub show_commit_normal {
+	my ($c) = @_;
+	print commit_log_separator, "r$c->{r} | ";
+	print "$c->{c} | " if $show_commit;
+	print "$c->{a} | ", format_svn_date($c->{t_utc}), ' | ';
+	my $nr_line = 0;
+
+	if (my $l = $c->{l}) {
+		while ($l->[$#$l] eq "\n" && $#$l > 0
+		                          && $l->[($#$l - 1)] eq "\n") {
+			pop @$l;
+		}
+		$nr_line = scalar @$l;
+		if (!$nr_line) {
+			print "1 line\n\n\n";
+		} else {
+			if ($nr_line == 1) {
+				$nr_line = '1 line';
+			} else {
+				$nr_line .= ' lines';
+			}
+			print $nr_line, "\n";
+			show_commit_changed_paths($c);
+			print "\n";
+			print $_ foreach @$l;
+		}
+	} else {
+		print "1 line\n";
+		show_commit_changed_paths($c);
+		print "\n";
+
+	}
+	foreach my $x (qw/raw stat diff/) {
+		if ($c->{$x}) {
+			print "\n";
+			print $_ foreach @{$c->{$x}}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+sub cmd_show_log {
+	my (@args) = @_;
+	my ($r_min, $r_max);
+	my $r_last = -1; # prevent dupes
+	set_local_timezone();
+	if (defined $::_revision) {
+		if ($::_revision =~ /^(\d+):(\d+)$/) {
+			($r_min, $r_max) = ($1, $2);
+		} elsif ($::_revision =~ /^\d+$/) {
+			$r_min = $r_max = $::_revision;
+		} else {
+			fatal "-r$::_revision is not supported, use ",
+				"standard 'git log' arguments instead";
+		}
+	}
+
+	config_pager();
+	@args = git_svn_log_cmd($r_min, $r_max, @args);
+	if (!@args) {
+		print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
+		return;
+	}
+	my $log = command_output_pipe(@args);
+	run_pager();
+	my (@k, $c, $d, $stat);
+	my $esc_color = qr/(?:\033\[(?:(?:\d+;)*\d*)?m)*/;
+	while (<$log>) {
+		if (/^${esc_color}commit (?:- )?($::sha1_short)/o) {
+			my $cmt = $1;
+			if ($c && cmt_showable($c) && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
+				$r_last = $c->{r};
+				process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k) or
+								goto out;
+			}
+			$d = undef;
+			$c = { c => $cmt };
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}author (.+) (\d+) ([\-\+]?\d+)$/o) {
+			get_author_info($c, $1, $2, $3);
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}(?:tree|parent|committer) /o) {
+			# ignore
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}:\d{6} \d{6} $::sha1_short/o) {
+			push @{$c->{raw}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}[ACRMDT]\t/) {
+			# we could add $SVN->{svn_path} here, but that requires
+			# remote access at the moment (repo_path_split)...
+			s#^(${esc_color})([ACRMDT])\t#$1   $2 #o;
+			push @{$c->{changed}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}diff /o) {
+			$d = 1;
+			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
+		} elsif ($d) {
+			push @{$c->{diff}}, $_;
+		} elsif (/^\ .+\ \|\s*\d+\ $esc_color[\+\-]*
+		          $esc_color*[\+\-]*$esc_color$/x) {
+			$stat = 1;
+			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
+		} elsif ($stat && /^ \d+ files changed, \d+ insertions/) {
+			push @{$c->{stat}}, $_;
+			$stat = undef;
+		} elsif (/^${esc_color}    (git-svn-id:.+)$/o) {
+			($c->{url}, $c->{r}, undef) = ::extract_metadata($1);
+		} elsif (s/^${esc_color}    //o) {
+			push @{$c->{l}}, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	if ($c && defined $c->{r} && $c->{r} != $r_last) {
+		$r_last = $c->{r};
+		process_commit($c, $r_min, $r_max, \@k);
+	}
+	if (@k) {
+		($r_min, $r_max) = ($r_max, $r_min);
+		process_commit($_, $r_min, $r_max) foreach reverse @k;
+	}
+out:
+	close $log;
+	print commit_log_separator unless $incremental || $oneline;
+}
+
+sub cmd_blame {
+	my $path = pop;
+
+	config_pager();
+	run_pager();
+
+	my ($fh, $ctx, $rev);
+
+	if ($_git_format) {
+		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', @_, $path);
+		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+			if ($line =~ /^\^?([[:xdigit:]]+)\s/) {
+				# Uncommitted edits show up as a rev ID of
+				# all zeros, which we can't look up with
+				# cmt_metadata
+				if ($1 !~ /^0+$/) {
+					(undef, $rev, undef) =
+						::cmt_metadata($1);
+					$rev = '0' if (!$rev);
+				} else {
+					$rev = '0';
+				}
+				$rev = sprintf('%-10s', $rev);
+				$line =~ s/^\^?[[:xdigit:]]+(\s)/$rev$1/;
+			}
+			print $line;
+		}
+	} else {
+		($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe('blame', '-p', @_, 'HEAD',
+						  '--', $path);
+		my ($sha1);
+		my %authors;
+		my @buffer;
+		my %dsha; #distinct sha keys
+
+		while (my $line = <$fh>) {
+			push @buffer, $line;
+			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
+				$dsha{$1} = 1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		my $s2r = ::cmt_sha2rev_batch([keys %dsha]);
+
+		foreach my $line (@buffer) {
+			if ($line =~ /^([[:xdigit:]]{40})\s\d+\s\d+/) {
+				$rev = $s2r->{$1};
+				$rev = '0' if (!$rev)
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^author (.*)/) {
+				$authors{$rev} = $1;
+				$authors{$rev} =~ s/\s/_/g;
+			}
+			elsif ($line =~ /^\t(.*)$/) {
+				printf("%6s %10s %s\n", $rev, $authors{$rev}, $1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9676b8f2f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML;
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+use YAML::Any ();
+
+# based on Memoize::Storable.
+
+sub TIEHASH {
+	my $package = shift;
+	my $filename = shift;
+	my $truehash = (-e $filename) ? YAML::Any::LoadFile($filename) : {};
+	my $self = {FILENAME => $filename, H => $truehash};
+	bless $self => $package;
+}
+
+sub STORE {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->{H}{$_[0]} = $_[1];
+}
+
+sub FETCH {
+	my $self = shift;
+	$self->{H}{$_[0]};
+}
+
+sub EXISTS {
+	my $self = shift;
+	exists $self->{H}{$_[0]};
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {
+	my $self = shift;
+	YAML::Any::DumpFile($self->{FILENAME}, $self->{H});
+}
+
+sub SCALAR {
+	my $self = shift;
+	scalar(%{$self->{H}});
+}
+
+sub FIRSTKEY {
+	'Fake hash from Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML';
+}
+
+sub NEXTKEY {
+	undef;
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML - store Memoized data in YAML format
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use Memoize;
+    use Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML;
+
+    tie my %cache => 'Git::SVN::Memoize::YAML', $filename;
+    memoize('slow_function', SCALAR_CACHE => [HASH => \%cache]);
+    slow_function(arguments);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module provides a class that can be used to tie a hash to a
+YAML file.  The file is read when the hash is initialized and
+rewritten when the hash is destroyed.
+
+The intent is to allow L<Memoize> to back its cache with a file in
+YAML format, just like L<Memoize::Storable> allows L<Memoize> to
+back its cache with a file in Storable format.  Unlike the Storable
+format, the YAML format is platform-independent and fairly stable.
+
+Carps on error.
+
+=head1 DIAGNOSTICS
+
+See L<YAML::Any>.
+
+=head1 DEPENDENCIES
+
+L<YAML::Any> from CPAN.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
+
+None reported.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+The entire cache is read into a Perl hash when loading the file,
+so this is not very scalable.
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Migration.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Migration.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf6ffa7581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Migration.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+package Git::SVN::Migration;
+# these version numbers do NOT correspond to actual version numbers
+# of git or git-svn.  They are just relative.
+#
+# v0 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/heads/$id-HEAD
+#
+# v1 layout: .git/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
+#
+# v2 layout: .git/svn/$id/info/url, refs/remotes/$id
+#
+# v3 layout: .git/svn/$id, refs/remotes/$id
+#            - info/url may remain for backwards compatibility
+#            - this is what we migrate up to this layout automatically,
+#            - this will be used by git svn init on single branches
+# v3.1 layout (auto migrated):
+#            - .rev_db => .rev_db.$UUID, .rev_db will remain as a symlink
+#              for backwards compatibility
+#
+# v4 layout: .git/svn/$repo_id/$id, refs/remotes/$repo_id/$id
+#            - this is only created for newly multi-init-ed
+#              repositories.  Similar in spirit to the
+#              --use-separate-remotes option in git-clone (now default)
+#            - we do not automatically migrate to this (following
+#              the example set by core git)
+#
+# v5 layout: .rev_db.$UUID => .rev_map.$UUID
+#            - newer, more-efficient format that uses 24-bytes per record
+#              with no filler space.
+#            - use xxd -c24 < .rev_map.$UUID to view and debug
+#            - This is a one-way migration, repositories updated to the
+#              new format will not be able to use old git-svn without
+#              rebuilding the .rev_db.  Rebuilding the rev_db is not
+#              possible if noMetadata or useSvmProps are set; but should
+#              be no problem for users that use the (sensible) defaults.
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Carp qw/croak/;
+use File::Path qw/mkpath/;
+use File::Basename qw/dirname basename/;
+
+our $_minimize;
+use Git qw(
+	command
+	command_noisy
+	command_output_pipe
+	command_close_pipe
+);
+
+sub migrate_from_v0 {
+	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	return undef unless -d $git_dir;
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
+	my $migrated = 0;
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		chomp;
+		my ($id, $orig_ref) = ($_, $_);
+		next unless $id =~ s#^refs/heads/(.+)-HEAD$#$1#;
+		next unless -f "$git_dir/$id/info/url";
+		my $new_ref = "refs/remotes/$id";
+		if (::verify_ref("$new_ref^0")) {
+			print STDERR "W: $orig_ref is probably an old ",
+			             "branch used by an ancient version of ",
+				     "git-svn.\n",
+				     "However, $new_ref also exists.\n",
+				     "We will not be able ",
+				     "to use this branch until this ",
+				     "ambiguity is resolved.\n";
+			next;
+		}
+		print STDERR "Migrating from v0 layout...\n" if !$migrated;
+		print STDERR "Renaming ref: $orig_ref => $new_ref\n";
+		command_noisy('update-ref', $new_ref, $orig_ref);
+		command_noisy('update-ref', '-d', $orig_ref, $orig_ref);
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+	print STDERR "Done migrating from v0 layout...\n" if $migrated;
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub migrate_from_v1 {
+	my $git_dir = $ENV{GIT_DIR};
+	my $migrated = 0;
+	return $migrated unless -d $git_dir;
+	my $svn_dir = "$git_dir/svn";
+
+	# just in case somebody used 'svn' as their $id at some point...
+	return $migrated if -d $svn_dir && ! -f "$svn_dir/info/url";
+
+	print STDERR "Migrating from a git-svn v1 layout...\n";
+	mkpath([$svn_dir]);
+	print STDERR "Data from a previous version of git-svn exists, but\n\t",
+	             "$svn_dir\n\t(required for this version ",
+	             "($::VERSION) of git-svn) does not exist.\n";
+	my ($fh, $ctx) = command_output_pipe(qw/rev-parse --symbolic --all/);
+	while (<$fh>) {
+		my $x = $_;
+		next unless $x =~ s#^refs/remotes/##;
+		chomp $x;
+		next unless -f "$git_dir/$x/info/url";
+		my $u = eval { ::file_to_s("$git_dir/$x/info/url") };
+		next unless $u;
+		my $dn = dirname("$git_dir/svn/$x");
+		mkpath([$dn]) unless -d $dn;
+		if ($x eq 'svn') { # they used 'svn' as GIT_SVN_ID:
+			mkpath(["$git_dir/svn/svn"]);
+			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x/info => ",
+			                "$git_dir/svn/$x/info\n";
+			rename "$git_dir/$x/info", "$git_dir/svn/$x/info" or
+			       croak "$!: $x";
+			# don't worry too much about these, they probably
+			# don't exist with repos this old (save for index,
+			# and we can easily regenerate that)
+			foreach my $f (qw/unhandled.log index .rev_db/) {
+				rename "$git_dir/$x/$f", "$git_dir/svn/$x/$f";
+			}
+		} else {
+			print STDERR " - $git_dir/$x => $git_dir/svn/$x\n";
+			rename "$git_dir/$x", "$git_dir/svn/$x" or
+			       croak "$!: $x";
+		}
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	command_close_pipe($fh, $ctx);
+	print STDERR "Done migrating from a git-svn v1 layout\n";
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub read_old_urls {
+	my ($l_map, $pfx, $path) = @_;
+	my @dir;
+	foreach (<$path/*>) {
+		if (-r "$_/info/url") {
+			$pfx .= '/' if $pfx && $pfx !~ m!/$!;
+			my $ref_id = $pfx . basename $_;
+			my $url = ::file_to_s("$_/info/url");
+			$l_map->{$ref_id} = $url;
+		} elsif (-d $_) {
+			push @dir, $_;
+		}
+	}
+	foreach (@dir) {
+		my $x = $_;
+		$x =~ s!^\Q$ENV{GIT_DIR}\E/svn/!!o;
+		read_old_urls($l_map, $x, $_);
+	}
+}
+
+sub migrate_from_v2 {
+	my @cfg = command(qw/config -l/);
+	return if grep /^svn-remote\..+\.url=/, @cfg;
+	my %l_map;
+	read_old_urls(\%l_map, '', "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/svn");
+	my $migrated = 0;
+
+	require Git::SVN;
+	foreach my $ref_id (sort keys %l_map) {
+		eval { Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', undef, $ref_id) };
+		if ($@) {
+			Git::SVN->init($l_map{$ref_id}, '', $ref_id, $ref_id);
+		}
+		$migrated++;
+	}
+	$migrated;
+}
+
+sub minimize_connections {
+	require Git::SVN;
+	require Git::SVN::Ra;
+
+	my $r = Git::SVN::read_all_remotes();
+	my $new_urls = {};
+	my $root_repos = {};
+	foreach my $repo_id (keys %$r) {
+		my $url = $r->{$repo_id}->{url} or next;
+		my $fetch = $r->{$repo_id}->{fetch} or next;
+		my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($url);
+
+		# skip existing cases where we already connect to the root
+		if (($ra->url eq $ra->{repos_root}) ||
+		    ($ra->{repos_root} eq $repo_id)) {
+			$root_repos->{$ra->url} = $repo_id;
+			next;
+		}
+
+		my $root_ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra->{repos_root});
+		my $root_path = $ra->url;
+		$root_path =~ s#^\Q$ra->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
+		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
+			my $ref_id = $fetch->{$path};
+			my $gs = Git::SVN->new($ref_id, $repo_id, $path);
+
+			# make sure we can read when connecting to
+			# a higher level of a repository
+			my ($last_rev, undef) = $gs->last_rev_commit;
+			if (!defined $last_rev) {
+				$last_rev = eval {
+					$root_ra->get_latest_revnum;
+				};
+				next if $@;
+			}
+			my $new = $root_path;
+			$new .= length $path ? "/$path" : '';
+			eval {
+				$root_ra->get_log([$new], $last_rev, $last_rev,
+			                          0, 0, 1, sub { });
+			};
+			next if $@;
+			$new_urls->{$ra->{repos_root}}->{$new} =
+			        { ref_id => $ref_id,
+				  old_repo_id => $repo_id,
+				  old_path => $path };
+		}
+	}
+
+	my @emptied;
+	foreach my $url (keys %$new_urls) {
+		# see if we can re-use an existing [svn-remote "repo_id"]
+		# instead of creating a(n ugly) new section:
+		my $repo_id = $root_repos->{$url} || $url;
+
+		my $fetch = $new_urls->{$url};
+		foreach my $path (keys %$fetch) {
+			my $x = $fetch->{$path};
+			Git::SVN->init($url, $path, $repo_id, $x->{ref_id});
+			my $pfx = "svn-remote.$x->{old_repo_id}";
+
+			my $old_fetch = quotemeta("$x->{old_path}:".
+			                          "$x->{ref_id}");
+			command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
+			              "$pfx.fetch", '^'. $old_fetch . '$');
+			delete $r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->
+			       {fetch}->{$x->{old_path}};
+			if (!keys %{$r->{$x->{old_repo_id}}->{fetch}}) {
+				command_noisy(qw/config --unset/,
+				              "$pfx.url");
+				push @emptied, $x->{old_repo_id}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (@emptied) {
+		my $file = $ENV{GIT_CONFIG} || "$ENV{GIT_DIR}/config";
+		print STDERR <<EOF;
+The following [svn-remote] sections in your config file ($file) are empty
+and can be safely removed:
+EOF
+		print STDERR "[svn-remote \"$_\"]\n" foreach @emptied;
+	}
+}
+
+sub migration_check {
+	migrate_from_v0();
+	migrate_from_v1();
+	migrate_from_v2();
+	minimize_connections() if $_minimize;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e940b08505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Prompt.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package Git::SVN::Prompt;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+require SVN::Core;
+use vars qw/$_no_auth_cache $_username/;
+
+sub simple {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $default_username, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	$default_username = $_username if defined $_username;
+	if (defined $default_username && length $default_username) {
+		if (defined $realm && length $realm) {
+			print STDERR "Authentication realm: $realm\n";
+			STDERR->flush;
+		}
+		$cred->username($default_username);
+	} else {
+		username($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool);
+	}
+	$cred->password(_read_password("Password for '" .
+	                               $cred->username . "': ", $realm));
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub ssl_server_trust {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $failures, $cert_info, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	print STDERR "Error validating server certificate for '$realm':\n";
+	{
+		no warnings 'once';
+		# All variables SVN::Auth::SSL::* are used only once,
+		# so we're shutting up Perl warnings about this.
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::UNKNOWNCA) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate is not issued ",
+			    "by a trusted authority. Use the\n",
+			    "   fingerprint to validate ",
+			    "the certificate manually!\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::CNMISMATCH) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate hostname ",
+			    "does not match.\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::NOTYETVALID) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate is not yet valid.\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::EXPIRED) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate has expired.\n";
+		}
+		if ($failures & $SVN::Auth::SSL::OTHER) {
+			print STDERR " - The certificate has ",
+			    "an unknown error.\n";
+		}
+	} # no warnings 'once'
+	printf STDERR
+	        "Certificate information:\n".
+	        " - Hostname: %s\n".
+	        " - Valid: from %s until %s\n".
+	        " - Issuer: %s\n".
+	        " - Fingerprint: %s\n",
+	        map $cert_info->$_, qw(hostname valid_from valid_until
+	                               issuer_dname fingerprint);
+	my $choice;
+prompt:
+	my $options = $may_save ?
+	      "(R)eject, accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently? " :
+	      "(R)eject or accept (t)emporarily? ";
+	STDERR->flush;
+	$choice = lc(substr(Git::prompt("Certificate problem.\n" . $options) || 'R', 0, 1));
+	if ($choice eq 't') {
+		$cred->may_save(undef);
+	} elsif ($choice eq 'r') {
+		return -1;
+	} elsif ($may_save && $choice eq 'p') {
+		$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	} else {
+		goto prompt;
+	}
+	$cred->accepted_failures($failures);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub ssl_client_cert {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	print STDERR "Client certificate filename: ";
+	STDERR->flush;
+	chomp(my $filename = <STDIN>);
+	$cred->cert_file($filename);
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub ssl_client_cert_pw {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	$cred->password(_read_password("Password: ", $realm));
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub username {
+	my ($cred, $realm, $may_save, $pool) = @_;
+	$may_save = undef if $_no_auth_cache;
+	if (defined $realm && length $realm) {
+		print STDERR "Authentication realm: $realm\n";
+	}
+	my $username;
+	if (defined $_username) {
+		$username = $_username;
+	} else {
+		$username = Git::prompt("Username: ");
+	}
+	$cred->username($username);
+	$cred->may_save($may_save);
+	$SVN::_Core::SVN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sub _read_password {
+	my ($prompt, $realm) = @_;
+	my $password = Git::prompt($prompt, 1);
+	$password;
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Prompt - authentication callbacks for git-svn
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use Git::SVN::Prompt qw(simple ssl_client_cert ssl_client_cert_pw
+                            ssl_server_trust username);
+    use SVN::Client ();
+
+    my $cached_simple = SVN::Client::get_simple_provider();
+    my $git_simple = SVN::Client::get_simple_prompt_provider(\&simple, 2);
+    my $cached_ssl = SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_file_provider();
+    my $git_ssl = SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_prompt_provider(
+        \&ssl_server_trust);
+    my $cached_cert = SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_file_provider();
+    my $git_cert = SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_prompt_provider(
+        \&ssl_client_cert, 2);
+    my $cached_cert_pw = SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_file_provider();
+    my $git_cert_pw = SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_prompt_provider(
+        \&ssl_client_cert_pw, 2);
+    my $cached_username = SVN::Client::get_username_provider();
+    my $git_username = SVN::Client::get_username_prompt_provider(
+        \&username, 2);
+
+    my $ctx = new SVN::Client(
+        auth => [
+            $cached_simple, $git_simple,
+            $cached_ssl, $git_ssl,
+            $cached_cert, $git_cert,
+            $cached_cert_pw, $git_cert_pw,
+            $cached_username, $git_username
+        ]);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module is an implementation detail of the "git svn" command.
+It implements git-svn's authentication policy.  Do not use it unless
+you are developing git-svn.
+
+The interface will change as git-svn evolves.
+
+=head1 DEPENDENCIES
+
+L<SVN::Core>.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<SVN::Client>.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
+
+None reported.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+None.
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a499fcb38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Ra.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
+package Git::SVN::Ra;
+use vars qw/@ISA $config_dir $_ignore_refs_regex $_log_window_size/;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Memoize;
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	canonicalize_url
+	canonicalize_path
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+use SVN::Ra;
+BEGIN {
+	@ISA = qw(SVN::Ra);
+}
+
+my ($ra_invalid, $can_do_switch, %ignored_err, $RA);
+
+BEGIN {
+	# enforce temporary pool usage for some simple functions
+	no strict 'refs';
+	for my $f (qw/rev_proplist get_latest_revnum get_uuid get_repos_root
+	              get_file/) {
+		my $SUPER = "SUPER::$f";
+		*$f = sub {
+			my $self = shift;
+			my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+			my @ret = $self->$SUPER(@_,$pool);
+			$pool->clear;
+			wantarray ? @ret : $ret[0];
+		};
+	}
+}
+
+# serf has a bug that leads to a coredump upon termination if the
+# remote access object is left around (not fixed yet in serf 1.3.1).
+# Explicitly free it to work around the issue.
+END {
+	$RA = undef;
+	$ra_invalid = 1;
+}
+
+sub _auth_providers () {
+	require SVN::Client;
+	my @rv = (
+	  SVN::Client::get_simple_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_file_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_simple_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::simple, 2),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_file_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_client_cert, 2),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_file_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_client_cert_pw_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_client_cert_pw, 2),
+	  SVN::Client::get_username_provider(),
+	  SVN::Client::get_ssl_server_trust_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::ssl_server_trust),
+	  SVN::Client::get_username_prompt_provider(
+	    \&Git::SVN::Prompt::username, 2)
+	);
+
+	# earlier 1.6.x versions would segfault, and <= 1.5.x didn't have
+	# this function
+	if (::compare_svn_version('1.6.15') >= 0) {
+		my $config = SVN::Core::config_get_config($config_dir);
+		my ($p, @a);
+		# config_get_config returns all config files from
+		# ~/.subversion, auth_get_platform_specific_client_providers
+		# just wants the config "file".
+		@a = ($config->{'config'}, undef);
+		$p = SVN::Core::auth_get_platform_specific_client_providers(@a);
+		# Insert the return value from
+		# auth_get_platform_specific_providers
+		unshift @rv, @$p;
+	}
+	\@rv;
+}
+
+sub prepare_config_once {
+	SVN::_Core::svn_config_ensure($config_dir, undef);
+	my ($baton, $callbacks) = SVN::Core::auth_open_helper(_auth_providers);
+	my $config = SVN::Core::config_get_config($config_dir);
+	my $dont_store_passwords = 1;
+	my $conf_t = $config->{'config'};
+
+	no warnings 'once';
+	# The usage of $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_* variables
+	# produces warnings that variables are used only once.
+	# I had not found the better way to shut them up, so
+	# the warnings of type 'once' are disabled in this block.
+	if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool($conf_t,
+	    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTH,
+	    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_STORE_PASSWORDS,
+	    1) == 0) {
+		SVN::_Core::svn_auth_set_parameter($baton,
+		    $SVN::_Core::SVN_AUTH_PARAM_DONT_STORE_PASSWORDS,
+		    bless (\$dont_store_passwords, "_p_void"));
+	}
+	if (SVN::_Core::svn_config_get_bool($conf_t,
+	    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_SECTION_AUTH,
+	    $SVN::_Core::SVN_CONFIG_OPTION_STORE_AUTH_CREDS,
+	    1) == 0) {
+		$Git::SVN::Prompt::_no_auth_cache = 1;
+	}
+
+	return ($config, $baton, $callbacks);
+} # no warnings 'once'
+
+INIT {
+	Memoize::memoize '_auth_providers';
+	Memoize::memoize 'prepare_config_once';
+}
+
+sub new {
+	my ($class, $url) = @_;
+	$url = canonicalize_url($url);
+	return $RA if ($RA && $RA->url eq $url);
+
+	::_req_svn();
+
+	$RA = undef;
+	my ($config, $baton, $callbacks) = prepare_config_once();
+	my $self = SVN::Ra->new(url => $url, auth => $baton,
+	                      config => $config,
+			      pool => SVN::Pool->new,
+	                      auth_provider_callbacks => $callbacks);
+	$RA = bless $self, $class;
+
+	# Make sure its canonicalized
+	$self->url($url);
+	$self->{svn_path} = $url;
+	$self->{repos_root} = $self->get_repos_root;
+	$self->{svn_path} =~ s#^\Q$self->{repos_root}\E(/|$)##;
+	$self->{cache} = { check_path => { r => 0, data => {} },
+	                   get_dir => { r => 0, data => {} } };
+
+	return $RA;
+}
+
+sub url {
+	my $self = shift;
+
+	if (@_) {
+		my $url = shift;
+		$self->{url} = canonicalize_url($url);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	return $self->{url};
+}
+
+sub check_path {
+	my ($self, $path, $r) = @_;
+	my $cache = $self->{cache}->{check_path};
+	if ($r == $cache->{r} && exists $cache->{data}->{$path}) {
+		return $cache->{data}->{$path};
+	}
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my $t = $self->SUPER::check_path($path, $r, $pool);
+	$pool->clear;
+	if ($r != $cache->{r}) {
+		%{$cache->{data}} = ();
+		$cache->{r} = $r;
+	}
+	$cache->{data}->{$path} = $t;
+}
+
+sub get_dir {
+	my ($self, $dir, $r) = @_;
+	my $cache = $self->{cache}->{get_dir};
+	if ($r == $cache->{r}) {
+		if (my $x = $cache->{data}->{$dir}) {
+			return wantarray ? @$x : $x->[0];
+		}
+	}
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	my ($d, undef, $props);
+
+	if (::compare_svn_version('1.4.0') >= 0) {
+		# n.b. in addition to being potentially more efficient,
+		# this works around what appears to be a bug in some
+		# SVN 1.8 versions
+		my $kind = 1; # SVN_DIRENT_KIND
+		($d, undef, $props) = $self->get_dir2($dir, $r, $kind, $pool);
+	} else {
+		($d, undef, $props) = $self->SUPER::get_dir($dir, $r, $pool);
+	}
+	my %dirents = map { $_ => { kind => $d->{$_}->kind } } keys %$d;
+	$pool->clear;
+	if ($r != $cache->{r}) {
+		%{$cache->{data}} = ();
+		$cache->{r} = $r;
+	}
+	$cache->{data}->{$dir} = [ \%dirents, $r, $props ];
+	wantarray ? (\%dirents, $r, $props) : \%dirents;
+}
+
+# get_log(paths, start, end, limit,
+#         discover_changed_paths, strict_node_history, receiver)
+sub get_log {
+	my ($self, @args) = @_;
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+
+	# svn_log_changed_path_t objects passed to get_log are likely to be
+	# overwritten even if only the refs are copied to an external variable,
+	# so we should dup the structures in their entirety.  Using an
+	# externally passed pool (instead of our temporary and quickly cleared
+	# pool in Git::SVN::Ra) does not help matters at all...
+	my $receiver = pop @args;
+	my $prefix = "/".$self->{svn_path};
+	$prefix =~ s#/+($)##;
+	my $prefix_regex = qr#^\Q$prefix\E#;
+	push(@args, sub {
+		my ($paths) = $_[0];
+		return &$receiver(@_) unless $paths;
+		$_[0] = ();
+		foreach my $p (keys %$paths) {
+			my $i = $paths->{$p};
+			# Make path relative to our url, not repos_root
+			$p =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
+			my %s = map { $_ => $i->$_; }
+				qw/copyfrom_path copyfrom_rev action/;
+			if ($s{'copyfrom_path'}) {
+				$s{'copyfrom_path'} =~ s/$prefix_regex//;
+				$s{'copyfrom_path'} = canonicalize_path($s{'copyfrom_path'});
+			}
+			$_[0]{$p} = \%s;
+		}
+		&$receiver(@_);
+	});
+
+
+	# the limit parameter was not supported in SVN 1.1.x, so we
+	# drop it.  Therefore, the receiver callback passed to it
+	# is made aware of this limitation by being wrapped if
+	# the limit passed to is being wrapped.
+	if (::compare_svn_version('1.2.0') <= 0) {
+		my $limit = splice(@args, 3, 1);
+		if ($limit > 0) {
+			my $receiver = pop @args;
+			push(@args, sub { &$receiver(@_) if (--$limit >= 0) });
+		}
+	}
+	my $ret = $self->SUPER::get_log(@args, $pool);
+	$pool->clear;
+	$ret;
+}
+
+# uncommon, only for ancient SVN (<= 1.4.2)
+sub trees_match {
+	require IO::File;
+	require SVN::Client;
+	my ($self, $url1, $rev1, $url2, $rev2) = @_;
+	my $ctx = SVN::Client->new(auth => _auth_providers);
+	my $out = IO::File->new_tmpfile;
+
+	# older SVN (1.1.x) doesn't take $pool as the last parameter for
+	# $ctx->diff(), so we'll create a default one
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new_default_sub;
+
+	$ra_invalid = 1; # this will open a new SVN::Ra connection to $url1
+	$ctx->diff([], $url1, $rev1, $url2, $rev2, 1, 1, 0, $out, $out);
+	$out->flush;
+	my $ret = (($out->stat)[7] == 0);
+	close $out or croak $!;
+
+	$ret;
+}
+
+sub get_commit_editor {
+	my ($self, $log, $cb, $pool) = @_;
+
+	my @lock = (::compare_svn_version('1.2.0') >= 0) ? (undef, 0) : ();
+	$self->SUPER::get_commit_editor($log, $cb, @lock, $pool);
+}
+
+sub gs_do_update {
+	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $editor) = @_;
+	my $new = ($rev_a == $rev_b);
+	my $path = $gs->path;
+
+	if ($new && -e $gs->{index}) {
+		unlink $gs->{index} or die
+		  "Couldn't unlink index: $gs->{index}: $!\n";
+	}
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+	$editor->set_path_strip($path);
+	my (@pc) = split m#/#, $path;
+	my $reporter = $self->do_update($rev_b, (@pc ? shift @pc : ''),
+	                                1, $editor, $pool);
+	my @lock = (::compare_svn_version('1.2.0') >= 0) ? (undef) : ();
+
+	# Since we can't rely on svn_ra_reparent being available, we'll
+	# just have to do some magic with set_path to make it so
+	# we only want a partial path.
+	my $sp = '';
+	my $final = join('/', @pc);
+	while (@pc) {
+		$reporter->set_path($sp, $rev_b, 0, @lock, $pool);
+		$sp .= '/' if length $sp;
+		$sp .= shift @pc;
+	}
+	die "BUG: '$sp' != '$final'\n" if ($sp ne $final);
+
+	$reporter->set_path($sp, $rev_a, $new, @lock, $pool);
+
+	$reporter->finish_report($pool);
+	$pool->clear;
+	$editor->{git_commit_ok};
+}
+
+# this requires SVN 1.4.3 or later (do_switch didn't work before 1.4.3, and
+# svn_ra_reparent didn't work before 1.4)
+sub gs_do_switch {
+	my ($self, $rev_a, $rev_b, $gs, $url_b, $editor) = @_;
+	my $path = $gs->path;
+	my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+
+	my $old_url = $self->url;
+	my $full_url = add_path_to_url( $self->url, $path );
+	my ($ra, $reparented);
+
+	if ($old_url =~ m#^svn(\+\w+)?://# ||
+	    ($full_url =~ m#^https?://# &&
+	     canonicalize_url($full_url) ne $full_url)) {
+		$_[0] = undef;
+		$self = undef;
+		$RA = undef;
+		$ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($full_url);
+		$ra_invalid = 1;
+	} elsif ($old_url ne $full_url) {
+		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent(
+			$self->{session},
+			canonicalize_url($full_url),
+			$pool
+		);
+		$self->url($full_url);
+		$reparented = 1;
+	}
+
+	$ra ||= $self;
+	$url_b = canonicalize_url($url_b);
+	my $reporter = $ra->do_switch($rev_b, '', 1, $url_b, $editor, $pool);
+	my @lock = (::compare_svn_version('1.2.0') >= 0) ? (undef) : ();
+	$reporter->set_path('', $rev_a, 0, @lock, $pool);
+	$reporter->finish_report($pool);
+
+	if ($reparented) {
+		SVN::_Ra::svn_ra_reparent($self->{session}, $old_url, $pool);
+		$self->url($old_url);
+	}
+
+	$pool->clear;
+	$editor->{git_commit_ok};
+}
+
+sub longest_common_path {
+	my ($gsv, $globs) = @_;
+	my %common;
+	my $common_max = scalar @$gsv;
+
+	foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
+		my @tmp = split m#/#, $gs->path;
+		my $p = '';
+		foreach (@tmp) {
+			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
+			$common{$p} ||= 0;
+			$common{$p}++;
+		}
+	}
+	$globs ||= [];
+	$common_max += scalar @$globs;
+	foreach my $glob (@$globs) {
+		my @tmp = split m#/#, $glob->{path}->{left};
+		my $p = '';
+		foreach (@tmp) {
+			$p .= length($p) ? "/$_" : $_;
+			$common{$p} ||= 0;
+			$common{$p}++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	my $longest_path = '';
+	foreach (sort {length $b <=> length $a} keys %common) {
+		if ($common{$_} == $common_max) {
+			$longest_path = $_;
+			last;
+		}
+	}
+	$longest_path;
+}
+
+sub gs_fetch_loop_common {
+	my ($self, $base, $head, $gsv, $globs) = @_;
+	return if ($base > $head);
+	# Make sure the cat_blob open2 FileHandle is created before calling
+	# SVN::Pool::new_default so that it does not incorrectly end up in the pool.
+	$::_repository->_open_cat_blob_if_needed;
+	my $gpool = SVN::Pool->new_default;
+	my $ra_url = $self->url;
+	my $reload_ra = sub {
+		$_[0] = undef;
+		$self = undef;
+		$RA = undef;
+		$gpool->clear;
+		$self = Git::SVN::Ra->new($ra_url);
+		$ra_invalid = undef;
+	};
+	my $inc = $_log_window_size;
+	my ($min, $max) = ($base, $head < $base + $inc ? $head : $base + $inc);
+	my $longest_path = longest_common_path($gsv, $globs);
+	my $find_trailing_edge;
+	while (1) {
+		my %revs;
+		my $err;
+		my $err_handler = $SVN::Error::handler;
+		$SVN::Error::handler = sub {
+			($err) = @_;
+			skip_unknown_revs($err);
+		};
+		sub _cb {
+			my ($paths, $r, $author, $date, $log) = @_;
+			[ $paths,
+			  { author => $author, date => $date, log => $log } ];
+		}
+		$self->get_log([$longest_path], $min, $max, 0, 1, 1,
+		               sub { $revs{$_[1]} = _cb(@_) });
+		if ($err) {
+			print "Checked through r$max\r";
+		} else {
+			$find_trailing_edge = 1;
+		}
+		if ($err and $find_trailing_edge) {
+			print STDERR "Path '$longest_path' ",
+				     "was probably deleted:\n",
+				     $err->expanded_message,
+				     "\nWill attempt to follow ",
+				     "revisions r$min .. r$max ",
+				     "committed before the deletion\n";
+			my $hi = $max;
+			while (--$hi >= $min) {
+				my $ok;
+				$self->get_log([$longest_path], $min, $hi,
+				               0, 1, 1, sub {
+				               $ok = $_[1];
+				               $revs{$_[1]} = _cb(@_) });
+				if ($ok) {
+					print STDERR "r$min .. r$ok OK\n";
+					last;
+				}
+			}
+			$find_trailing_edge = 0;
+		}
+		$SVN::Error::handler = $err_handler;
+
+		my %exists = map { $_->path => $_ } @$gsv;
+		foreach my $r (sort {$a <=> $b} keys %revs) {
+			my ($paths, $logged) = @{delete $revs{$r}};
+
+			foreach my $gs ($self->match_globs(\%exists, $paths,
+			                                   $globs, $r)) {
+				if ($gs->rev_map_max >= $r) {
+					next;
+				}
+				next unless $gs->match_paths($paths, $r);
+				$gs->{logged_rev_props} = $logged;
+				if (my $last_commit = $gs->last_commit) {
+					$gs->assert_index_clean($last_commit);
+				}
+				my $log_entry = $gs->do_fetch($paths, $r);
+				if ($log_entry) {
+					$gs->do_git_commit($log_entry);
+				}
+				$Git::SVN::INDEX_FILES{$gs->{index}} = 1;
+			}
+			foreach my $g (@$globs) {
+				my $k = "svn-remote.$g->{remote}." .
+				        "$g->{t}-maxRev";
+				Git::SVN::tmp_config($k, $r);
+			}
+			$reload_ra->() if $ra_invalid;
+		}
+		# pre-fill the .rev_db since it'll eventually get filled in
+		# with '0' x40 if something new gets committed
+		foreach my $gs (@$gsv) {
+			next if $gs->rev_map_max >= $max;
+			next if defined $gs->rev_map_get($max);
+			$gs->rev_map_set($max, 0 x40);
+		}
+		foreach my $g (@$globs) {
+			my $k = "svn-remote.$g->{remote}.$g->{t}-maxRev";
+			Git::SVN::tmp_config($k, $max);
+		}
+		last if $max >= $head;
+		$min = $max + 1;
+		$max += $inc;
+		$max = $head if ($max > $head);
+
+		$reload_ra->();
+	}
+	Git::SVN::gc();
+}
+
+sub get_dir_globbed {
+	my ($self, $left, $depth, $r) = @_;
+
+	my @x = eval { $self->get_dir($left, $r) };
+	return unless scalar @x == 3;
+	my $dirents = $x[0];
+	my @finalents;
+	foreach my $de (keys %$dirents) {
+		next if $dirents->{$de}->{kind} != $SVN::Node::dir;
+		if ($depth > 1) {
+			my @args = ("$left/$de", $depth - 1, $r);
+			foreach my $dir ($self->get_dir_globbed(@args)) {
+				push @finalents, "$de/$dir";
+			}
+		} else {
+			push @finalents, $de;
+		}
+	}
+	@finalents;
+}
+
+# return value: 0 -- don't ignore, 1 -- ignore
+sub is_ref_ignored {
+	my ($g, $p) = @_;
+	my $refname = $g->{ref}->full_path($p);
+	return 1 if defined($g->{ignore_refs_regex}) &&
+	            $refname =~ m!$g->{ignore_refs_regex}!;
+	return 0 unless defined($_ignore_refs_regex);
+	return 1 if $refname =~ m!$_ignore_refs_regex!o;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+sub match_globs {
+	my ($self, $exists, $paths, $globs, $r) = @_;
+
+	sub get_dir_check {
+		my ($self, $exists, $g, $r) = @_;
+
+		my @dirs = $self->get_dir_globbed($g->{path}->{left},
+		                                  $g->{path}->{depth},
+		                                  $r);
+
+		foreach my $de (@dirs) {
+			my $p = $g->{path}->full_path($de);
+			next if $exists->{$p};
+			next if (length $g->{path}->{right} &&
+				 ($self->check_path($p, $r) !=
+				  $SVN::Node::dir));
+			next unless $p =~ /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
+			$exists->{$p} = Git::SVN->init($self->url, $p, undef,
+					 $g->{ref}->full_path($de), 1);
+		}
+	}
+	foreach my $g (@$globs) {
+		if (my $path = $paths->{"/$g->{path}->{left}"}) {
+			if ($path->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/) {
+				get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
+			}
+		}
+		foreach (keys %$paths) {
+			if (/$g->{path}->{left_regex}/ &&
+			    !/$g->{path}->{regex}/) {
+				next if $paths->{$_}->{action} !~ /^[AR]$/;
+				get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
+			}
+			next unless /$g->{path}->{regex}/;
+			my $p = $1;
+			my $pathname = $g->{path}->full_path($p);
+			next if is_ref_ignored($g, $p);
+			next if $exists->{$pathname};
+			next if ($self->check_path($pathname, $r) !=
+			         $SVN::Node::dir);
+			$exists->{$pathname} = Git::SVN->init(
+			                      $self->url, $pathname, undef,
+			                      $g->{ref}->full_path($p), 1);
+		}
+		my $c = '';
+		foreach (split m#/#, $g->{path}->{left}) {
+			$c .= "/$_";
+			next unless ($paths->{$c} &&
+			             ($paths->{$c}->{action} =~ /^[AR]$/));
+			get_dir_check($self, $exists, $g, $r);
+		}
+	}
+	values %$exists;
+}
+
+sub minimize_url {
+	my ($self) = @_;
+	return $self->url if ($self->url eq $self->{repos_root});
+	my $url = $self->{repos_root};
+	my @components = split(m!/!, $self->{svn_path});
+	my $c = '';
+	do {
+		$url = add_path_to_url($url, $c);
+		eval {
+			my $ra = (ref $self)->new($url);
+			my $latest = $ra->get_latest_revnum;
+			$ra->get_log("", $latest, 0, 1, 0, 1, sub {});
+		};
+	} while ($@ && ($c = shift @components));
+
+	return canonicalize_url($url);
+}
+
+sub can_do_switch {
+	my $self = shift;
+	unless (defined $can_do_switch) {
+		my $pool = SVN::Pool->new;
+		my $rep = eval {
+			$self->do_switch(1, '', 0, $self->url,
+			                 SVN::Delta::Editor->new, $pool);
+		};
+		if ($@) {
+			$can_do_switch = 0;
+		} else {
+			$rep->abort_report($pool);
+			$can_do_switch = 1;
+		}
+		$pool->clear;
+	}
+	$can_do_switch;
+}
+
+sub skip_unknown_revs {
+	my ($err) = @_;
+	my $errno = $err->apr_err();
+	# Maybe the branch we're tracking didn't
+	# exist when the repo started, so it's
+	# not an error if it doesn't, just continue
+	#
+	# Wonderfully consistent library, eh?
+	# 160013 - svn:// and file://
+	# 175002 - http(s)://
+	# 175007 - http(s):// (this repo required authorization, too...)
+	#   More codes may be discovered later...
+	if ($errno == 175007 || $errno == 175002 || $errno == 160013) {
+		my $err_key = $err->expanded_message;
+		# revision numbers change every time, filter them out
+		$err_key =~ s/\d+/\0/g;
+		$err_key = "$errno\0$err_key";
+		unless ($ignored_err{$err_key}) {
+			warn "W: Ignoring error from SVN, path probably ",
+			     "does not exist: ($errno): ",
+			     $err->expanded_message,"\n";
+			warn "W: Do not be alarmed at the above message ",
+			     "git-svn is just searching aggressively for ",
+			     "old history.\n",
+			     "This may take a while on large repositories\n";
+			$ignored_err{$err_key} = 1;
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+	die "Error from SVN, ($errno): ", $err->expanded_message,"\n";
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Ra - Subversion remote access functions for git-svn
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use Git::SVN::Ra;
+
+    my $ra = Git::SVN::Ra->new($branchurl);
+    my ($dirents, $fetched_revnum, $props) =
+        $ra->get_dir('.', $SVN::Core::INVALID_REVNUM);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This is a wrapper around the L<SVN::Ra> module for use by B<git-svn>.
+It fills in some default parameters (such as the authentication
+scheme), smooths over incompatibilities between libsvn versions, adds
+caching, and implements some functions specific to B<git-svn>.
+
+Do not use it unless you are developing git-svn.  The interface will
+change as git-svn evolves.
+
+=head1 DEPENDENCIES
+
+Subversion perl bindings,
+L<Git::SVN>.
+
+C<Git::SVN::Ra> has not been tested using callers other than
+B<git-svn> itself.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<SVN::Ra>.
+
+=head1 INCOMPATIBILITIES
+
+None reported.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+None.
diff --git a/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm b/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3d1a0933a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perl/Git/SVN/Utils.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+package Git::SVN::Utils;
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use SVN::Core;
+
+use base qw(Exporter);
+
+our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
+	fatal
+	can_compress
+	canonicalize_path
+	canonicalize_url
+	join_paths
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+Git::SVN::Utils - utility functions used across Git::SVN
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    use Git::SVN::Utils qw(functions to import);
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module contains functions which are useful across many different
+parts of Git::SVN.  Mostly it's a place to put utility functions
+rather than duplicate the code or have classes grabbing at other
+classes.
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONS
+
+All functions can be imported only on request.
+
+=head3 fatal
+
+    fatal(@message);
+
+Display a message and exit with a fatal error code.
+
+=cut
+
+# Note: not certain why this is in use instead of die.  Probably because
+# the exit code of die is 255?  Doesn't appear to be used consistently.
+sub fatal (@) { print STDERR "@_\n"; exit 1 }
+
+
+=head3 can_compress
+
+    my $can_compress = can_compress;
+
+Returns true if Compress::Zlib is available, false otherwise.
+
+=cut
+
+my $can_compress;
+sub can_compress {
+	return $can_compress if defined $can_compress;
+
+	return $can_compress = eval { require Compress::Zlib; };
+}
+
+
+=head3 canonicalize_path
+
+    my $canoncalized_path = canonicalize_path($path);
+
+Converts $path into a canonical form which is safe to pass to the SVN
+API as a file path.
+
+=cut
+
+# Turn foo/../bar into bar
+sub _collapse_dotdot {
+	my $path = shift;
+
+	1 while $path =~ s{/[^/]+/+\.\.}{};
+	1 while $path =~ s{[^/]+/+\.\./}{};
+	1 while $path =~ s{[^/]+/+\.\.}{};
+
+	return $path;
+}
+
+
+sub canonicalize_path {
+	my $path = shift;
+	my $rv;
+
+	# The 1.7 way to do it
+	if ( defined &SVN::_Core::svn_dirent_canonicalize ) {
+		$path = _collapse_dotdot($path);
+		$rv = SVN::_Core::svn_dirent_canonicalize($path);
+	}
+	# The 1.6 way to do it
+	# This can return undef on subversion-perl-1.4.2-2.el5 (CentOS 5.2)
+	elsif ( defined &SVN::_Core::svn_path_canonicalize ) {
+		$path = _collapse_dotdot($path);
+		$rv = SVN::_Core::svn_path_canonicalize($path);
+	}
+
+	return $rv if defined $rv;
+
+	# No SVN API canonicalization is available, or the SVN API
+	# didn't return a successful result, do it ourselves
+	return _canonicalize_path_ourselves($path);
+}
+
+
+sub _canonicalize_path_ourselves {
+	my ($path) = @_;
+	my $dot_slash_added = 0;
+	if (substr($path, 0, 1) ne "/") {
+		$path = "./" . $path;
+		$dot_slash_added = 1;
+	}
+	$path =~ s#/+#/#g;
+	$path =~ s#/\.(?:/|$)#/#g;
+	$path = _collapse_dotdot($path);
+	$path =~ s#/$##g;
+	$path =~ s#^\./## if $dot_slash_added;
+	$path =~ s#^\.$##;
+	return $path;
+}
+
+
+=head3 canonicalize_url
+
+    my $canonicalized_url = canonicalize_url($url);
+
+Converts $url into a canonical form which is safe to pass to the SVN
+API as a URL.
+
+=cut
+
+sub canonicalize_url {
+	my $url = shift;
+
+	# The 1.7 way to do it
+	if ( defined &SVN::_Core::svn_uri_canonicalize ) {
+		return SVN::_Core::svn_uri_canonicalize($url);
+	}
+	# There wasn't a 1.6 way to do it, so we do it ourself.
+	else {
+		return _canonicalize_url_ourselves($url);
+	}
+}
+
+
+sub _canonicalize_url_path {
+	my ($uri_path) = @_;
+
+	my @parts;
+	foreach my $part (split m{/+}, $uri_path) {
+		$part =~ s/([^!\$%&'()*+,.\/\w:=\@_`~-]|%(?![a-fA-F0-9]{2}))/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/eg;
+		push @parts, $part;
+	}
+
+	return join('/', @parts);
+}
+
+sub _canonicalize_url_ourselves {
+	my ($url) = @_;
+	if ($url =~ m#^([^:]+)://([^/]*)(.*)$#) {
+		my ($scheme, $domain, $uri) = ($1, $2, _canonicalize_url_path(canonicalize_path($3)));
+		$url = "$scheme://$domain$uri";
+	}
+	$url;
+}
+
+
+=head3 join_paths
+
+    my $new_path = join_paths(@paths);
+
+Appends @paths together into a single path.  Any empty paths are ignored.
+
+=cut
+
+sub join_paths {
+	my @paths = @_;
+
+	@paths = grep { defined $_ && length $_ } @paths;
+
+	return '' unless @paths;
+	return $paths[0] if @paths == 1;
+
+	my $new_path = shift @paths;
+	$new_path =~ s{/+$}{};
+
+	my $last_path = pop @paths;
+	$last_path =~ s{^/+}{};
+
+	for my $path (@paths) {
+		$path =~ s{^/+}{};
+		$path =~ s{/+$}{};
+		$new_path .= "/$path";
+	}
+
+	return $new_path .= "/$last_path";
+}
+
+
+=head3 add_path_to_url
+
+    my $new_url = add_path_to_url($url, $path);
+
+Appends $path onto the $url.  If $path is empty, $url is returned unchanged.
+
+=cut
+
+sub add_path_to_url {
+	my($url, $path) = @_;
+
+	return $url if !defined $path or !length $path;
+
+	# Strip trailing and leading slashes so we don't
+	# wind up with http://x.com///path
+	$url  =~ s{/+$}{};
+	$path =~ s{^/+}{};
+
+	# If a path has a % in it, URI escape it so it's not
+	# mistaken for a URI escape later.
+	$path =~ s{%}{%25}g;
+
+	return join '/', $url, $path;
+}
+
+1;
diff --git a/perl/Makefile b/perl/Makefile
index b2977cd0bc..15d96fcc7a 100644
--- a/perl/Makefile
+++ b/perl/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # Makefile for perl support modules and routine
 #
 makfile:=perl.mak
+modules =
 
 PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
 prefix_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix))
@@ -19,19 +20,59 @@ clean:
 	$(RM) ppport.h
 	$(RM) $(makfile)
 	$(RM) $(makfile).old
+	$(RM) PM.stamp
+
+$(makfile): PM.stamp
 
 ifdef NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER
 instdir_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(prefix)/lib)
+
+modules += Git
+modules += Git/I18N
+modules += Git/IndexInfo
+modules += Git/SVN
+modules += Git/SVN/Memoize/YAML
+modules += Git/SVN/Fetcher
+modules += Git/SVN/Editor
+modules += Git/SVN/GlobSpec
+modules += Git/SVN/Log
+modules += Git/SVN/Migration
+modules += Git/SVN/Prompt
+modules += Git/SVN/Ra
+modules += Git/SVN/Utils
+
 $(makfile): ../GIT-CFLAGS Makefile
-	echo all: private-Error.pm Git.pm > $@
-	echo '	mkdir -p blib/lib' >> $@
-	echo '	$(RM) blib/lib/Git.pm; cp Git.pm blib/lib/' >> $@
+	echo all: private-Error.pm Git.pm Git/I18N.pm > $@
+	set -e; \
+	for i in $(modules); \
+	do \
+		if test $$i = $${i%/*}; \
+		then \
+			subdir=; \
+		else \
+			subdir=/$${i%/*}; \
+		fi; \
+		echo '	$(RM) blib/lib/'$$i'.pm' >> $@; \
+		echo '	mkdir -p blib/lib'$$subdir >> $@; \
+		echo '	cp '$$i'.pm blib/lib/'$$i'.pm' >> $@; \
+	done
 	echo '	$(RM) blib/lib/Error.pm' >> $@
 	'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' -MError -e 'exit($$Error::VERSION < 0.15009)' || \
 	echo '	cp private-Error.pm blib/lib/Error.pm' >> $@
 	echo install: >> $@
-	echo '	mkdir -p "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)"' >> $@
-	echo '	$(RM) "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Git.pm"; cp Git.pm "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)"' >> $@
+	set -e; \
+	for i in $(modules); \
+	do \
+		if test $$i = $${i%/*}; \
+		then \
+			subdir=; \
+		else \
+			subdir=/$${i%/*}; \
+		fi; \
+		echo '	$(RM) "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/'$$i'.pm"' >> $@; \
+		echo '	mkdir -p "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)'$$subdir'"' >> $@; \
+		echo '	cp '$$i'.pm "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/'$$i'.pm"' >> $@; \
+	done
 	echo '	$(RM) "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Error.pm"' >> $@
 	'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' -MError -e 'exit($$Error::VERSION < 0.15009)' || \
 	echo '	cp private-Error.pm "$$(DESTDIR)$(instdir_SQ)/Error.pm"' >> $@
diff --git a/perl/Makefile.PL b/perl/Makefile.PL
index 456d45bf40..3f29ba98a6 100644
--- a/perl/Makefile.PL
+++ b/perl/Makefile.PL
@@ -2,11 +2,16 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
 use Getopt::Long;
+use File::Find;
+
+# Don't forget to update the perl/Makefile, too.
+# Don't forget to test with NO_PERL_MAKEMAKER=YesPlease
 
 # Sanity: die at first unknown option
 Getopt::Long::Configure qw/ pass_through /;
 
-GetOptions("localedir=s" => \my $localedir);
+my $localedir = '';
+GetOptions("localedir=s" => \$localedir);
 
 sub MY::postamble {
 	return <<'MAKE_FRAG';
@@ -24,15 +29,22 @@ endif
 MAKE_FRAG
 }
 
-my %pm = (
-	'Git.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git.pm',
-	'Git/I18N.pm' => '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Git/I18N.pm',
-);
+# Find all the .pm files in "Git/" and Git.pm
+my %pm;
+find sub {
+	return unless /\.pm$/;
+
+	# sometimes File::Find prepends a ./  Strip it.
+	my $pm_path = $File::Find::name;
+	$pm_path =~ s{^\./}{};
+
+	$pm{$pm_path} = '$(INST_LIBDIR)/'.$pm_path;
+}, "Git", "Git.pm";
+
 
 # We come with our own bundled Error.pm. It's not in the set of default
 # Perl modules so install it if it's not available on the system yet.
-eval { require Error };
-if ($@ || $Error::VERSION < 0.15009) {
+if ( !eval { require Error } || $Error::VERSION < 0.15009) {
 	$pm{'private-Error.pm'} = '$(INST_LIBDIR)/Error.pm';
 }
 
diff --git a/perl/private-Error.pm b/perl/private-Error.pm
index 11e9cd9a02..6098135ae2 100644
--- a/perl/private-Error.pm
+++ b/perl/private-Error.pm
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ Only one finally block may be specified per try block
 =head2 CONSTRUCTORS
 
 The C<Error> object is implemented as a HASH. This HASH is initialized
-with the arguments that are passed to it's constructor. The elements
+with the arguments that are passed to its constructor. The elements
 that are used by, or are retrievable by the C<Error> class are listed
 below, other classes may add to these.
 
@@ -763,13 +763,13 @@ to the constructor.
 
 =item Error::Simple
 
-This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. It's
+This class can be used to hold simple error strings and values. Its
 constructor takes two arguments. The first is a text value, the second
 is a numeric value. These values are what will be returned by the
 overload methods.
 
 If the text value ends with C<at file line 1> as $@ strings do, then
-this infomation will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
+this information will be used to set the C<-file> and C<-line> arguments
 of the error object.
 
 This class is used internally if an eval'd block die's with an error
diff --git a/pkt-line.c b/pkt-line.c
index 5a04984ea3..187a2293e7 100644
--- a/pkt-line.c
+++ b/pkt-line.c
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 
+char packet_buffer[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
 static const char *packet_trace_prefix = "git";
-static const char trace_key[] = "GIT_TRACE_PACKET";
+static struct trace_key trace_packet = TRACE_KEY_INIT(PACKET);
 
 void packet_trace_identity(const char *prog)
 {
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ static void packet_trace(const char *buf, unsigned int len, int write)
 	int i;
 	struct strbuf out;
 
-	if (!trace_want(trace_key))
+	if (!trace_want(&trace_packet))
 		return;
 
 	/* +32 is just a guess for header + quoting */
@@ -23,10 +24,10 @@ static void packet_trace(const char *buf, unsigned int len, int write)
 	strbuf_addf(&out, "packet: %12s%c ",
 		    packet_trace_prefix, write ? '>' : '<');
 
-	if ((len >= 4 && !prefixcmp(buf, "PACK")) ||
-	    (len >= 5 && !prefixcmp(buf+1, "PACK"))) {
+	if ((len >= 4 && starts_with(buf, "PACK")) ||
+	    (len >= 5 && starts_with(buf+1, "PACK"))) {
 		strbuf_addstr(&out, "PACK ...");
-		unsetenv(trace_key);
+		trace_disable(&trace_packet);
 	}
 	else {
 		/* XXX we should really handle printable utf8 */
@@ -42,50 +43,18 @@ static void packet_trace(const char *buf, unsigned int len, int write)
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addch(&out, '\n');
-	trace_strbuf(trace_key, &out);
+	trace_strbuf(&trace_packet, &out);
 	strbuf_release(&out);
 }
 
 /*
- * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
- * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
- * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
- * would be an error).
- *
- * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
- * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
- * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
- * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
- * process entirely).
- *
- * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
- * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
- */
-ssize_t safe_write(int fd, const void *buf, ssize_t n)
-{
-	ssize_t nn = n;
-	while (n) {
-		int ret = xwrite(fd, buf, n);
-		if (ret > 0) {
-			buf = (char *) buf + ret;
-			n -= ret;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (!ret)
-			die("write error (disk full?)");
-		die_errno("write error");
-	}
-	return nn;
-}
-
-/*
  * If we buffered things up above (we don't, but we should),
  * we'd flush it here
  */
 void packet_flush(int fd)
 {
 	packet_trace("0000", 4, 1);
-	safe_write(fd, "0000", 4);
+	write_or_die(fd, "0000", 4);
 }
 
 void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf)
@@ -95,53 +64,76 @@ void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf)
 }
 
 #define hex(a) (hexchar[(a) & 15])
-static char buffer[1000];
-static unsigned format_packet(const char *fmt, va_list args)
+static void format_packet(struct strbuf *out, const char *fmt, va_list args)
 {
 	static char hexchar[] = "0123456789abcdef";
-	unsigned n;
+	size_t orig_len, n;
+
+	orig_len = out->len;
+	strbuf_addstr(out, "0000");
+	strbuf_vaddf(out, fmt, args);
+	n = out->len - orig_len;
 
-	n = vsnprintf(buffer + 4, sizeof(buffer) - 4, fmt, args);
-	if (n >= sizeof(buffer)-4)
+	if (n > LARGE_PACKET_MAX)
 		die("protocol error: impossibly long line");
-	n += 4;
-	buffer[0] = hex(n >> 12);
-	buffer[1] = hex(n >> 8);
-	buffer[2] = hex(n >> 4);
-	buffer[3] = hex(n);
-	packet_trace(buffer+4, n-4, 1);
-	return n;
+
+	out->buf[orig_len + 0] = hex(n >> 12);
+	out->buf[orig_len + 1] = hex(n >> 8);
+	out->buf[orig_len + 2] = hex(n >> 4);
+	out->buf[orig_len + 3] = hex(n);
+	packet_trace(out->buf + orig_len + 4, n - 4, 1);
 }
 
 void packet_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
+	static struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	va_list args;
-	unsigned n;
 
+	strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	n = format_packet(fmt, args);
+	format_packet(&buf, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	safe_write(fd, buffer, n);
+	write_or_die(fd, buf.buf, buf.len);
 }
 
 void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
-	unsigned n;
 
 	va_start(args, fmt);
-	n = format_packet(fmt, args);
+	format_packet(buf, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
-	strbuf_add(buf, buffer, n);
 }
 
-static void safe_read(int fd, void *buffer, unsigned size)
+static int get_packet_data(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t *src_size,
+			   void *dst, unsigned size, int options)
 {
-	ssize_t ret = read_in_full(fd, buffer, size);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		die_errno("read error");
-	else if (ret < size)
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	if (fd >= 0 && src_buf && *src_buf)
+		die("BUG: multiple sources given to packet_read");
+
+	/* Read up to "size" bytes from our source, whatever it is. */
+	if (src_buf && *src_buf) {
+		ret = size < *src_size ? size : *src_size;
+		memcpy(dst, *src_buf, ret);
+		*src_buf += ret;
+		*src_size -= ret;
+	} else {
+		ret = read_in_full(fd, dst, size);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			die_errno("read error");
+	}
+
+	/* And complain if we didn't get enough bytes to satisfy the read. */
+	if (ret < size) {
+		if (options & PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF)
+			return -1;
+
 		die("The remote end hung up unexpectedly");
+	}
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int packet_length(const char *linelen)
@@ -169,12 +161,15 @@ static int packet_length(const char *linelen)
 	return len;
 }
 
-int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size)
+int packet_read(int fd, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len,
+		char *buffer, unsigned size, int options)
 {
-	int len;
+	int len, ret;
 	char linelen[4];
 
-	safe_read(fd, linelen, 4);
+	ret = get_packet_data(fd, src_buf, src_len, linelen, 4, options);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
 	len = packet_length(linelen);
 	if (len < 0)
 		die("protocol error: bad line length character: %.4s", linelen);
@@ -185,38 +180,37 @@ int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size)
 	len -= 4;
 	if (len >= size)
 		die("protocol error: bad line length %d", len);
-	safe_read(fd, buffer, len);
+	ret = get_packet_data(fd, src_buf, src_len, buffer, len, options);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if ((options & PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE) &&
+	    len && buffer[len-1] == '\n')
+		len--;
+
 	buffer[len] = 0;
 	packet_trace(buffer, len, 0);
 	return len;
 }
 
-int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out,
-	char **src_buf, size_t *src_len)
+static char *packet_read_line_generic(int fd,
+				      char **src, size_t *src_len,
+				      int *dst_len)
 {
-	int len;
-
-	if (*src_len < 4)
-		return -1;
-	len = packet_length(*src_buf);
-	if (len < 0)
-		return -1;
-	if (!len) {
-		*src_buf += 4;
-		*src_len -= 4;
-		packet_trace("0000", 4, 0);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (*src_len < len)
-		return -2;
+	int len = packet_read(fd, src, src_len,
+			      packet_buffer, sizeof(packet_buffer),
+			      PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE);
+	if (dst_len)
+		*dst_len = len;
+	return len ? packet_buffer : NULL;
+}
 
-	*src_buf += 4;
-	*src_len -= 4;
-	len -= 4;
+char *packet_read_line(int fd, int *len_p)
+{
+	return packet_read_line_generic(fd, NULL, NULL, len_p);
+}
 
-	strbuf_add(out, *src_buf, len);
-	*src_buf += len;
-	*src_len -= len;
-	packet_trace(out->buf, out->len, 0);
-	return len;
+char *packet_read_line_buf(char **src, size_t *src_len, int *dst_len)
+{
+	return packet_read_line_generic(-1, src, src_len, dst_len);
 }
diff --git a/pkt-line.h b/pkt-line.h
index 1e5dcfe87c..3cb9d91baa 100644
--- a/pkt-line.h
+++ b/pkt-line.h
@@ -5,15 +5,78 @@
 #include "strbuf.h"
 
 /*
- * Silly packetized line writing interface
+ * Write a packetized stream, where each line is preceded by
+ * its length (including the header) as a 4-byte hex number.
+ * A length of 'zero' means end of stream (and a length of 1-3
+ * would be an error).
+ *
+ * This is all pretty stupid, but we use this packetized line
+ * format to make a streaming format possible without ever
+ * over-running the read buffers. That way we'll never read
+ * into what might be the pack data (which should go to another
+ * process entirely).
+ *
+ * The writing side could use stdio, but since the reading
+ * side can't, we stay with pure read/write interfaces.
  */
 void packet_flush(int fd);
 void packet_write(int fd, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 void packet_buf_flush(struct strbuf *buf);
 void packet_buf_write(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 
-int packet_read_line(int fd, char *buffer, unsigned size);
-int packet_get_line(struct strbuf *out, char **src_buf, size_t *src_len);
-ssize_t safe_write(int, const void *, ssize_t);
+/*
+ * Read a packetized line into the buffer, which must be at least size bytes
+ * long. The return value specifies the number of bytes read into the buffer.
+ *
+ * If src_buffer and *src_buffer are not NULL, it should point to a buffer
+ * containing the packet data to parse, of at least *src_len bytes.  After the
+ * function returns, src_buf will be incremented and src_len decremented by the
+ * number of bytes consumed.
+ *
+ * If src_buffer (or *src_buffer) is NULL, then data is read from the
+ * descriptor "fd".
+ *
+ * If options does not contain PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF, we will die under any
+ * of the following conditions:
+ *
+ *   1. Read error from descriptor.
+ *
+ *   2. Protocol error from the remote (e.g., bogus length characters).
+ *
+ *   3. Receiving a packet larger than "size" bytes.
+ *
+ *   4. Truncated output from the remote (e.g., we expected a packet but got
+ *      EOF, or we got a partial packet followed by EOF).
+ *
+ * If options does contain PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF, we will not die on
+ * condition 4 (truncated input), but instead return -1. However, we will still
+ * die for the other 3 conditions.
+ *
+ * If options contains PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE, a trailing newline (if
+ * present) is removed from the buffer before returning.
+ */
+#define PACKET_READ_GENTLE_ON_EOF (1u<<0)
+#define PACKET_READ_CHOMP_NEWLINE (1u<<1)
+int packet_read(int fd, char **src_buffer, size_t *src_len, char
+		*buffer, unsigned size, int options);
+
+/*
+ * Convenience wrapper for packet_read that is not gentle, and sets the
+ * CHOMP_NEWLINE option. The return value is NULL for a flush packet,
+ * and otherwise points to a static buffer (that may be overwritten by
+ * subsequent calls). If the size parameter is not NULL, the length of the
+ * packet is written to it.
+ */
+char *packet_read_line(int fd, int *size);
+
+/*
+ * Same as packet_read_line, but read from a buf rather than a descriptor;
+ * see packet_read for details on how src_* is used.
+ */
+char *packet_read_line_buf(char **src_buf, size_t *src_len, int *size);
+
+#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
+#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
+extern char packet_buffer[LARGE_PACKET_MAX];
 
 #endif
diff --git a/po/README b/po/README
index 188ea2c254..d8c9111c82 100644
--- a/po/README
+++ b/po/README
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ used:
 
 C:
 
- - Include builtin.h at the top, it'll pull in in gettext.h, which
+ - Include builtin.h at the top, it'll pull in gettext.h, which
    defines the gettext interface. Consult with the list if you need to
    use gettext.h directly.
 
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ Shell:
 
        # To interpolate variables:
        details="oh noes"
-       eval_gettext "An error occured: \$details"; echo
+       eval_gettext "An error occurred: \$details"; echo
 
    In addition we have wrappers for messages that end with a trailing
    newline. I.e. you could write the above as:
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ Shell:
 
        # To interpolate variables:
        details="oh noes"
-       eval_gettextln "An error occured: \$details"
+       eval_gettextln "An error occurred: \$details"
 
    More documentation about the interface is available in the GNU info
    page: `info '(gettext)sh'`. Looking at git-am.sh (the first shell
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Perl:
 
        use Git::I18N;
        print __("Welcome to Git!\n");
-       printf __("The following error occured: %s\n"), $error;
+       printf __("The following error occurred: %s\n"), $error;
 
    Run `perldoc perl/Git/I18N.pm` for more info.
 
diff --git a/po/TEAMS b/po/TEAMS
index 1d173ac349..d277171d06 100644
--- a/po/TEAMS
+++ b/po/TEAMS
@@ -1,11 +1,57 @@
 Core Git translation language teams
 (please keep the list sorted alphabetically on language field)
 
+Language:	bg (Bulgarian)
+Repository:	https://github.com/git-l10n/git-po
+Leader:		Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>
+
+Language:	ca (Catalan)
+Repository:	https://github.com/alexhenrie/git-po
+Leader:		Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+
+Language:	de (German)
+Repository:	https://github.com/ralfth/git-po-de
+Leader:		Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@googlemail.com>
+Members:	Thomas Rast <tr@thomasrast.ch>
+		Jan Krüger <jk@jk.gs>
+		Christian Stimming <stimming@tuhh.de>
+		Phillip Szelat <phillip.szelat@gmail.com>
+		Matthias Rüster <matthias.ruester@gmail.com>
+		Magnus Görlitz <magnus.goerlitz@googlemail.com>
+
+Language:	fr (French)
+Repository:	https://github.com/jnavila/git
+Leader:		Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
+Members:	Sébastien Helleu <flashcode@flashtux.org>
+
 Language:	is (Icelandic)
 Leader:		Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
 
+Language:	it (Italian)
+Repository:	https://github.com/quizzlo/git-po-it/
+Leader:		Marco Paolone <marcopaolone AT gmail.com>
+Members:	Stefano Lattarini <stefano.lattarini AT gmail.com>
+
+Language:	pt_PT (Portuguese - Portugal)
+Repository:	https://github.com/marcomsousa/git-l10n-pt_PT/
+Leader:		Marco Sousa <marcomsousa AT gmail.com>
+
+Language:	ru (Russian)
+Repository:	https://github.com/DJm00n/git-po-ru/
+Leader:		Dimitriy Ryazantcev <DJm00n AT mail.ru>
+Members:	insolor <insolor AT gmail.com>
+
+Language:	sv (Swedish)
+Repository:	https://github.com/nafmo/git-l10n-sv/
+Leader:		Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+
+Language:	vi (Vietnamese)
+Repository:	https://github.com/vnwildman/git/
+Leader:		Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman AT gmail.com>
+Members:	Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds AT gmail.com>
+
 Language:	zh_CN (Simplified Chinese)
-Repository:	https://github.com/gotgit/git-po-zh_CN/
+Repository:	https://github.com/jiangxin/git/
 Leader:		Jiang Xin <worldhello.net@gmail.com>
 Members:	Riku <lu.riku AT gmail.com>
 		Zhuang Ya <zhuangya AT me.com>
@@ -13,3 +59,4 @@ Members:	Riku <lu.riku AT gmail.com>
 		Yichao Yu <yyc1992 AT gmail.com>
 		ws3389 <willsmith3389 AT gmail.com>
 		Thynson <lanxingcan AT gmail.com>
+		Wang Sheng <wangsheng2008love@163.com>
diff --git a/po/bg.po b/po/bg.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..171f813cd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/bg.po
@@ -0,0 +1,11700 @@
+# Bulgarian translation of git po-file.
+# Copyright (C) 2014 Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git package.
+# Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>, 2014.
+#
+# ========================
+# DICTIONARY TO MERGE IN GIT GUI
+# ------------------------
+# range интервал
+# unreachable object недостижим обект
+# dangling objects обект извън клон
+# fast-forward тривиално сливане
+# stale remote старо хранилище
+# rebase пребазирам
+# force (push) принудително изтласквам
+# stash/index индекс
+# squash commits смачкване на подавания
+# root commit начално подаване
+# fixup вкарвам подаване в предното без следа
+# remote-tracking branch следящ клон
+# git bundle пратка на git
+# bisect двоично търсене
+# am прилагам поредица от кръпки
+# working directory/tree — винаги работно дърво, git следи цялото дърво, а не директории
+# switch to branch прехвърлям се/преминавам към клон
+# sparse entry частично изтеглена директория/път
+# revision range диапазон на версиите
+# cover letter придружаващо писмо
+# reference repository еталонно хранилище
+# grafted repository хранилище с присаждане
+# thin pack съкратен пакет
+# stat (a file) получавам информация чрез „stat“ (за файл)
+# mixed reset смесено зануляване (индекса и указателя „HEAD“, без работното дърво)
+# soft reset меко зануляване (само указателя „HEAD“, без индекса и работното дърво)
+# hard reset пълно зануляване (указателя „HEAD“, индекса и работното дърво)
+# merge reset слято зануляване (целия индекс и отчасти работното дърво — без файловете с промени между работното дърво и индекса)
+# keep reset запазващо зануляване (отчасти индекса и работното дърво — файловете с промени от подаването и „HEAD“)
+# commit-ish указател към подаване
+# sequence последователност/поредица
+# whitespace symbol знаци за интервали
+# shortlog съкратения журнал
+# backing store мястото за съхранение
+# reject отхвърлено парче
+# topic branch тематичен клон
+# empty head връх без история
+# tree-ish указател към дърво
+# three-way merge тройно сливане
+# dirty нечист, мръсен (файл, индекс)
+# fallback  резервен вариант
+# pathspec magic опция за магически пътища
+# bitmap index индекс на база битови маски
+# mark маркер
+# plumbing команди от системно ниво
+# porcelain команди от потребителско ниво
+# pack [noun] пакетен файл - fixme in glossary
+# mainline базово подаване - при cherry-pick на merge - към коя версия да се изчислява разликата
+# token лексема
+# trailer епилог/завършек на съобщение
+# ----
+# FAILED to parse неуспешен анализ на... -> неразпозната стойност на
+# blob обект BLOB
+# ========================
+# „“…— ●≫ѝ→
+#
+# stressed a
+# форма̀та
+# delta - разлика или делта
+# consistency between stdout - standard output/ stdin - standard input/ stderr - standard error
+# mergetag етикет при сливане
+#
+# ========================
+# RECHECK
+# ------------------------
+# FIXME
+# HEAD as a reference vs head of a branch
+# git update-index -h извежда само един ред, а не цялата помощ за опциите
+# git fetch --al работи подобно на --all
+# ========================
+# GENERATE STATS
+# ------------------------
+# grep ^#: bg.po | cut -c4- |tr ' ' '\n'| sed -e 's/:[0-9][0-9]*//'  -e 's%.*/%%' -e 's/[.][^.]*$//' > OUT
+# sort -u OUT > UNIQUE
+# for i in `cat UNIQUE`; do echo   `grep "^$i$" OUT | wc -l` $i ; done | sort -nr > STATS
+#
+# ========================
+# FIND NON FULLY TRANSLATED
+# ------------------------
+# msgattrib  --untranslated bg.po > untranslated.po
+# msgattrib  --only-fuzzy bg.po > fuzzy.po
+# msgcat.exe untranslated.po fuzzy.po > new.po
+# grep ^#: new.po | cut -c4- |tr ' ' '\n'| sed -e 's/:[0-9][0-9]*//'  -e 's%.*/%%' -e 's/[.][^.]*$//' | sort -u
+#
+# ========================
+# STRINGS statistics
+# ------------------------
+# 2228t
+#
+# ========================
+# MOST IMPORTANT name asc ordering
+# ------------------------
+# add, blame, branch, checkout, clone, commit, common-cmds, config, diff, fetch, fsck, gc, git-rebase, git-stash, grep, log, mv, parse-options, push, reflog, remote, reset, revert, rm, wt-status
+#
+# ========================
+# IMPORTANT strings, name asc ordering
+# ------------------------
+# apply, archive, check-ignore, clean, date, describe, git-am, git-bisect, git-submodule, hash-object, init-db, ls-tree, merge, merge-base, merge-file, merge-recursive, name-rev, pathspec, show-ref, tag
+#
+# ========================
+# WHOLE STATISTICS strings desc, name asc ordering
+# ------------------------
+# 144 [remote]           47 [push]          26 [revert]         12 [checkout-index]  6 [prune]          2 [verify-tag]
+# 137 [commit]           46 [pack-objects]  24 [mv]             11 [date]            6 [gpg-interface]  2 [update-server-info]
+# 114 [branch]           41 [help]          23 [repack]         11 [column]          6 [check-attr]     2 [run-command]
+# 111 [apply]            39 [init-db]       21 [rm]             10 [urlmatch]        5 [write-tree]     2 [rerere]
+# 101 [notes]            36 [add]           21 [common-cmds]    10 [shortlog]        5 [sha1_name]      2 [read-cache]
+# 100 [wt-status]        35 [reset]         19 [show-branch]    10 [merge-file]      5 [rev-parse]      2 [obstack]
+#  97 [merge]            35 [archive]       19 [read-tree]      10 [merge-base]      4 [wrapper]        2 [advice]
+#  78 [checkout]         34 [config]        19 [bundle]         10 [ls-tree]         4 [prune-packed]   1 [unpack-trees]
+#  77 [log]              32 [clean]         16 [parse-options]  10 [hash-object]     4 [notes-utils]    1 [unpack-objects]
+#  69 [clone]            30 [git-am]        15 [fsck]           10 [for-each-ref]    4 [mktree]         1 [progress]
+#  68 [index-pack]       30 [describe]      14 [show-ref]       10 [cat-file]        4 [check-mailmap]  1 [precompose_utf8]
+#  68 [fetch]            29 [git-stash]     14 [gc]              9 [update-ref]      3 [verify-pack]    1 [object]
+#  64 [tag]              29 [git-bisect]    14 [fast-export]     9 [submodule]       3 [reflog]         1 [git]
+#  64 [grep]             28 [update-index]  13 [diff]            8 [replace]         3 [pack-refs]      1 [diffcore-rename]
+#  56 [sequencer]        28 [blame]         13 [check-ignore]    8 [git-pull]        3 [count-objects]  1 [diffcore-order]
+#  55 [merge-recursive]  27 [ls-files]      12 [pathspec]        8 [fmt-merge-msg]   3 [connected]      1 [attr]
+#  54 [git-submodule]    27 [git-rebase]    12 [name-rev]        7 [symbolic-ref]    3 [bisect--helper]
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git master\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-04-03 08:13+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-04-07 11:21+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alexander Shopov <ash@kambanaria.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Bulgarian <dict@fsa-bg.org>\n"
+"Language: bg\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Подсказка: %.*s\n"
+
+# TRANSFER
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Редактирайте ги в работното дърво, и тогава ползвайте „git add/rm ФАЙЛ“\n"
+"за да отбележите коригирането им. След това извършете подаването."
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [ОПЦИЯ…] УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО [ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote ХРАНИЛИЩЕ [--exec КОМАНДА] [ОПЦИЯ…] УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО "
+"[ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote ХРАНИЛИЩЕ [--exec КОМАНДА] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:342 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:427 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "пътят „%s“ не съвпада с никой файл"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "ФОРМАТ"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "ФОРМАТ на архива"
+
+#: archive.c:428 builtin/log.c:1204
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "префикс"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "добавяне на този префикс към всеки път в архива"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2516
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517 builtin/config.c:57 builtin/fast-export.c:986
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988 builtin/grep.c:712 builtin/hash-object.c:101
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446 builtin/ls-files.c:449 builtin/notes.c:394
+#: builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "файл"
+
+#: archive.c:431 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "запазване на архива в този файл"
+
+#: archive.c:433
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "изчитане на „.gitattributes“ в работната директория"
+
+#: archive.c:434
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "извеждане на архивираните файлове на стандартната грешка"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "само съхранение без компресиране"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "бързо компресиране"
+
+#: archive.c:444
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "добро компресиране"
+
+#: archive.c:447
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "извеждане на списъка с поддържаните формати"
+
+#: archive.c:449 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "хранилище"
+
+#: archive.c:450 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "изтегляне на архива от отдалеченото ХРАНИЛИЩЕ"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:478
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "команда"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "път към отдалечената команда „git-upload-archive“"
+
+#: attr.c:264
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Отрицателните шаблони се игнорират в атрибутите на git.\n"
+"Ако ви трябва начална удивителна, ползвайте „\\!“."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ не може да служи като източник за собствената си синхронизация."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ ще следи клона „%s“ от отдалеченото хранилище „%s“ чрез "
+"пребазиране."
+
+#: branch.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще следи клона „%s“ от отдалеченото хранилище „%s“."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ ще следи клона „%s“ от локалното хранилище чрез пребазиране."
+
+#: branch.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще следи клона „%s“ от локалното хранилище."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще следи отдалечения указател „%s“ чрез пребазиране."
+
+#: branch.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще следи отдалечения указател „%s“."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще следи локалния указател „%s“ чрез пребазиране."
+
+#: branch.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ ще следи локалния указател „%s“."
+
+#: branch.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Няма следене: двусмислена информация за указателя „%s“"
+
+#: branch.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "„%s“ не е позволено име за клон."
+
+#: branch.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Вече съществува клон с име „%s“."
+
+#: branch.c:175
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Текущият клон не може да бъде принудително обновен."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "Зададените настройки за следенето са грешни — началото „%s“ не е клон."
+
+#: branch.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "заявеният отдалечен клон „%s“ не съществува"
+
+#: branch.c:199
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Ако искате да базирате работата си на клон от отдалечено хранилище, може \n"
+"да се наложи да изпълните „git fetch“, за да получите информацията за него.\n"
+"\n"
+"Ако искате да изтласкате нов, локален клон, който да следи отдалечен клон,\n"
+"може да използвате „git push -u“, за да настроите към кой клон да се "
+"изтласква."
+
+#: branch.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Неправилно име на обект: „%s“"
+
+#: branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Двусмислено име на обект: „%s“"
+
+#: branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Неправилно място за начало на клон: „%s“"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ не изглежда да е пратка на git версия 2"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "непозната заглавна част: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се отвори"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "В хранилището липсват следните необходими подавания:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 sequencer.c:650 sequencer.c:1105 builtin/blame.c:2705
+#: builtin/branch.c:659 builtin/commit.c:1045 builtin/log.c:330
+#: builtin/log.c:823 builtin/log.c:1432 builtin/log.c:1669 builtin/merge.c:358
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно настройване на обхождането на версиите"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Пратката съдържа следния указател:"
+msgstr[1] "Пратката съдържа следните %d указатели:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Пратката съдържа пълна история."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Пратката изисква следния указател:"
+msgstr[1] "Пратката изисква следните %d указатели:"
+
+#: bundle.c:251
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Командата „git pack-objects“ не може да бъде стартирана"
+
+# FIXME better message
+#: bundle.c:269
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "Командата „git pack-objects“ не завърши успешно"
+
+# FIXME better message
+#: bundle.c:309
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "Командата „git rev-list“ не завърши успешно"
+
+#: bundle.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr ""
+"указателят „%s“ не е бил включен поради опциите зададени на „git rev-list“"
+
+#: bundle.c:437 builtin/log.c:153 builtin/log.c:1342 builtin/shortlog.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "непознат аргумент: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:443
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Създаването на празна пратка е невъзможно."
+
+#: bundle.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ не може да бъде създаден"
+
+# FIXME better message
+#: bundle.c:474
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "Командата „git index-pack“ не завърши успешно"
+
+#: color.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "неправилна стойност за цвят: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се анализира"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s не е подаване!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "паметта свърши"
+
+#: config.c:474 config.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config file line %d in %s"
+msgstr "неправилен ред %d в „%s“"
+
+#: config.c:592
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"неправилна числова стойност „%s“ за настройката „%s“ в раздела „%s“: %s"
+
+#: config.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "неправилна числова стойност „%s“ за настройката „%s“: %s"
+
+#: config.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "домашната папка на потребителя не може да бъде открита: „%s“"
+
+#: config.c:757 config.c:768
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "неправилно ниво на компресиране: %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "неправилен режим за създаването на обекти: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1216
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "неправилни настройки от командния ред"
+
+#: config.c:1277
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "неочаквана грешка при изчитането на конфигурационните файлове"
+
+#: config.c:1601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "неразпозната стойност „%s“ от командния ред"
+
+#: config.c:1603
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "неправилна настройка „%s“ във файла „%s“ на ред №%d"
+
+#: config.c:1662
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "зададени са няколко стойности за „%s“"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Командата „git rev-list“ не може да бъде изпълнена."
+
+#: connected.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "неуспешен запис на списъка с версиите: %s"
+
+#: connected.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr "стандартният вход на списъка с версиите не може да бъде затворен: %s"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "в бъдещето"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu секунда"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu секунди"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu минута"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu минути"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu час"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu часа"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu ден"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu дена"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu седмица"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu седмици"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu месец"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu месеца"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu година"
+msgstr[1] "%lu години"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %s и %lu месец"
+msgstr[1] "преди %s и %lu месеца"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "преди %lu година"
+msgstr[1] "преди %lu години"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът с подредбата на съответствията „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:536
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Търсене на преименувания на обекти съчетани с промени"
+
+#: diff.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Неуспешно разпознаване на „%s“ като процент-праг за статистиката по "
+"директории\n"
+
+#: diff.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Непознат параметър „%s“ за статистиката по директории'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Непозната стойност „%s“ за настройката „diff.submodule“"
+
+#: diff.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Грешки в настройката „diff.dirstat“:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:2956
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr ""
+"външната програма за разлики завърши неуспешно. Спиране на работата при „%s“"
+
+#: diff.c:3351
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "Опцията „--follow“ изисква точно един път"
+
+#: diff.c:3514
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Неразпознат параметър към опцията „--dirstat/-X“:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Неразпознат параметър към опцията „--submodule“: „%s“"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:129 gpg-interface.c:200
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "Програмата „gpg“ не може да бъде стартирана."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:141
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "Програмата „gpg“ не прие подадените данни."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:152
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "Програмата „gpg“ не подписа данните."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "Програмата „gpg“ не успя да създаде временния файл „%s“: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "Програмата „gpg“ не успя да запише самостоятелния подпис към „%s“: %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "„%s“: файлът сочен от „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: grep.c:1735
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "„%s“: „%s“"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr "„%s“: изчитането на „%s“ върна по-малко байтове от заявените"
+
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "налични команди на git от „%s“"
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "команди на git от други директории от „$PATH“"
+
+#: help.c:230
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Най-често употребяваните команди на git са:"
+
+#: help.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"Изглежда, че „%s“ е команда на git, но тя не може да\n"
+"бъде изпълнена. Вероятно пакетът „git-%s“ е повреден."
+
+# FIXME bad message
+#: help.c:346
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Странно, изглежда, че на системата ви няма нито една команда на git."
+
+#: help.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: Пробвахте да изпълните команда на Git на име „%s“, а такава "
+"не\n"
+"съществува. Изпълнението автоматично продължава, като се счита, че имате "
+"предвид „%s“"
+
+#: help.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "след %0.1f секунди…"
+
+#: help.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: „%s“ не е команда на git. Вижте изхода от „git --help“."
+
+#: help.c:384 help.c:444
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Команда с подобно име е:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Команди с подобно име са:"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s — %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:283
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+msgstr "ГРЕШКА В GIT: преотваряне на файл-ключалка"
+
+#: lockfile.c:285
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+msgstr "ГРЕШКА В GIT: преотваряне на файл-ключалка, който е подаден"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "кешът не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/checkout.c:374 builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/clone.c:662
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "неуспешно записване на новия индекс"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(лошо подаване)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "неуспешно изпълнение на „addinfo_cache“ за пътя „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "грешка при изграждане на дърветата"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:688
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "грешка при създаването на пътя „%s“%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Изтриване на „%s“, за да се освободи място за поддиректория\n"
+
+# FIXME better message
+#: merge-recursive.c:713 merge-recursive.c:734
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": възможно е да има конфликт директория/файл."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"преустановяване на действието, за да не се изтрие неследеният файл „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ (%s) не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ (%s) се очакваше да е BLOB, а не е"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:789 builtin/clone.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "директорията „%s“ не може да бъде отворена"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "неуспешно създаване на символната връзка „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:800
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"не е ясно какво да се прави с обекта „%2$s“ (%3$s) с права за достъп „%1$06o“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:938
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Неуспешно вътрешно сливане"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се добави в базата с данни"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:958
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "в дървото има неподдържан вид обект"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1033 merge-recursive.c:1047
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"КОНФЛИКТ (%s/изтриване): „%s“ е изтрит в %s, а „%s“ в %s. Версия %s на „%s“ "
+"е оставена в дървото."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1039 merge-recursive.c:1052
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"КОНФЛИКТ (%s/изтриване): „%s“ е изтрит в %s, а „%s“ в %s. Версия %s на „%s“ "
+"е оставена в дървото: %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "преименуване"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "преименуван"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "„%s“ е директория в „%s“, затова се добавя като „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"КОНФЛИКТ (преименуване/преименуване): „%s“ е преименуван на „%s“ в клон "
+"„%s“, а „%s“ е преименуван на „%s“ в „%s“/%s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1176
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (некоригиран конфликт)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1230
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"КОНФЛИКТ (преименуване/преименуване): „%s“ е преименуван на „%s“ в клон "
+"„%s“, а „%s“ е преименуван на „%s“ в „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Преименуване на „%s“ на „%s“, а „%s“ на „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1459
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"КОНФЛИКТ (преименуване/добавяне): „%s“ е преименуван на „%s“ в клон „%s“, а "
+"„%s“ е добавен в „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Добавяне на слетия „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1474 merge-recursive.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Добавяне като „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1525
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не може да се прочете"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1528
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не е BLOB"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "промяна"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "променен"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1586
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "съдържание"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1593
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "добавяне/добавяне"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1627
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "Прескачане на „%s“ (слетият резултат е идентичен със сегашния)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1641
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Автоматично сливане на „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1645 git-submodule.sh:1150
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "ПОДМОДУЛ"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "КОНФЛИКТ (%s): Конфликт при сливане на „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1732
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Изтриване на „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1757
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "файл/директория"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1763
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "директория/файл"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"КОНФЛИКТ (%s): Съществува директория на име „%s“ в „%s“. Добавяне на „%s“ "
+"като „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1778
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Добавяне на „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1795
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Фатална грешка при сливане, а такава не трябва да възниква!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1814
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Вече е обновено!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1823
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно сливане на дърветата „%s“ и „%s“"
+
+# FIXME message
+#: merge-recursive.c:1853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Пътят „%s“ не е обработен, това е грешка в Git, докладвайте я на "
+"разработчиците, като пратите е-писмо на адрес: „git@vger.kernel.org“."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1901
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Сливане:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1914
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "открит е %u общ предшественик:"
+msgstr[1] "открити са %u общи предшественици:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1951
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "сливането не върна подаване"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2008
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Неуспешен анализ на обекта „%s“"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2019 builtin/merge.c:667
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Индексът не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Неинициализирано или нереферирано дърво за бележки не може да бъде подадено"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправилна стойност за „notes.rewriteMode“: „%s“"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+"Бележките в „%s“ няма да бъдат презаписани, защото са извън „refs/notes/“."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Зададена е лоша стойност на променливата „%s“: „%s“"
+
+#: object.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не може да бъде анализиран"
+
+#: parse-options.c:546
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "…"
+
+#: parse-options.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "употреба: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "     или: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:605
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-ЧИСЛО"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr "глобалните настройки за пътища „glob“ и „noglob“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"глобалната настройка за дословни пътища „literal“ е несъвместима с всички "
+"други глобални настройки за пътища"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "неправилен параметър за опцията за магически пътища „prefix“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправилна стойност за опцията за магически пътища „%.*s“ в „%s“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Знакът „)“ липсва в опцията за магически пътища в „%s“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Магическите пътища „%c“ са без реализация за „%s“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: опциите „literal“ и „glob“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: „%s“ е извън хранилището"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Пътят „%s“ е в подмодула „%.*s“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: магическите пътища не се поддържат от командата „%s“"
+
+#: pathspec.c:432
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "пътят „%s“ е след символна връзка"
+
+#: pathspec.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"Нищо не се изключва от шаблоните за изключване.\n"
+"Това често се случва, ако сте забравили да добавите „:/“ или „.“."
+
+#: pretty.c:968
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "аргументът към опцията „--pretty“ не може да се анализира"
+
+#: progress.c:225
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "действието завърши"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"Зададена е неправилна стойност на настройката „index.version“.\n"
+"Ще се ползва версия %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1285
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"Зададена е неправилна стойност на променливата на средата "
+"„GIT_INDEX_VERSION“.\n"
+"Ще се ползва версия %i"
+
+#: remote.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Невъзможно е да се доставят едновременно и „%s“, и „%s“ към „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ обикновено следи „%s“, а не „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ следи както „%s“, така и „%s“"
+
+#: remote.c:798
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Вътрешна грешка"
+
+#: remote.c:1980
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Този клон следи „%s“, но следеният клон е изтрит.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1984
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (за да коригирате това, използвайте „git branch --unset-upstream“)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1987
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Клонът е актуализиран към „%s“.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1991
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Клонът ви е с %2$d подаване пред „%1$s“.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Клонът ви е с %2$d подавания пред „%1$s“.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1997
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (публикувайте локалните си промени чрез „git push“)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Клонът ви е с %2$d подаване след „%1$s“ и може да бъде тривиално слят.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Клонът ви е с %2$d подавания след „%1$s“ и може да бъде тривиално слят.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2008
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (обновете локалния си клон чрез „git pull“)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Текущият клон се е отделил от „%s“,\n"
+"двата имат съответно по %d и %d несъвпадащи подавания.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Текущият клон се е отделил от „%s“,\n"
+"двата имат съответно по %d и %d несъвпадащи подавания.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2021
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (слейте отдалечения клон в локалния чрез „git pull“)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2348
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "опциите „--first-parent“ и „--bisect“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: run-command.c:83
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно отваряне на „/dev/null“"
+
+#: run-command.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно изпълнение на dup2(%d,%d)"
+
+#: send-pack.c:272
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "сертификатът за изтласкване не може да бъде подписан"
+
+#: send-pack.c:356
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "отсрещната страна не поддържа изтласкване с опцията „--signed“"
+
+#: send-pack.c:366
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "получаващата страна не поддържа изтласкване с опцията „--atomic“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:172 builtin/merge.c:782 builtin/merge.c:893 builtin/merge.c:995
+#: builtin/merge.c:1005
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде отворен за запис"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174 builtin/merge.c:344 builtin/merge.c:785 builtin/merge.c:997
+#: builtin/merge.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде записан"
+
+# FIXME git add <path…> for consistence
+#: sequencer.c:195
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"след коригирането на конфликтите, отбележете съответните\n"
+"пътища с „git add ПЪТ…“ или „git rm ПЪТ…“."
+
+#: sequencer.c:198
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"след коригирането на конфликтите, отбележете съответните\n"
+"пътища с „git add ПЪТ…“ или „git rm ПЪТ…“, след което\n"
+"подайте резултата с командата „git commit'“."
+
+# FIXME - must be the same as Could not write to '%s' above
+#: sequencer.c:211 sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде записан"
+
+# FIXME wrap up as ffinishing the work on, in fact, full stop at end for consistency with below
+#: sequencer.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Обработката на „%s“ не завърши успешно."
+
+#: sequencer.c:229
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Локалните ви промени ще бъдат презаписани при отбирането на подавания."
+
+#: sequencer.c:231
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Локалните ви промени ще бъдат презаписани при отмяната на подавания."
+
+#: sequencer.c:234
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Подайте или скатайте промените, за да продължите"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: новият индекс не може да бъде запазен"
+
+#: sequencer.c:339
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Подаването сочено от указателя „HEAD“ не може да бъде открито\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:359
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Дървото на кеша не може да бъде обновено\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ не може да бъде анализирано\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Родителското подаване „%s“ не може да бъде анализирано\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:482
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Индексът не е слят."
+
+#: sequencer.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ е сливане, но не е дадена опцията „-m“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:509
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ няма родител %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "Указано е базово подаване, но подаването „%s“ не е сливане."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: неразпозната стойност за родителското подаване „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Неуспешно извличане на съобщението за подаване на „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:616
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "подаването „%s“… не може да бъде отменено: „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:617
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "подаването „%s“… не може да бъде приложено: „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:653
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "зададено е празно множество от подавания"
+
+#: sequencer.c:661
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: неуспешно изчитане на индекса"
+
+#: sequencer.c:665
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: неуспешно обновяване на индекса"
+
+#: sequencer.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "По време на „%1$s“ не може да се извърши „%2$s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "%d-ят ред не може да се анализира."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Никое от подаванията не може да се разпознае."
+
+# FIXME Could not open %s. - full stop for consistence with next message
+#: sequencer.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се прочете."
+
+#: sequencer.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се отвори."
+
+#: sequencer.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Файлът с описание на предстоящите действия — „%s“ не може да се ползва"
+
+#: sequencer.c:806
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Неправилен ключ: „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Неправилна стойност за „%s“: „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Неправилно съдържание на файла с опции: „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:842
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr ""
+"в момента вече се извършва отбиране на подавания или пребазиране на клона"
+
+#: sequencer.c:843
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "използвайте „git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Директорията за секвенсора „%s“ не може да бъде създадена"
+
+#: sequencer.c:863 sequencer.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Обработката на „%s“ не завърши успешно."
+
+#: sequencer.c:882 sequencer.c:1018
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr ""
+"в момента не се извършва отбиране на подавания или пребазиране на клона"
+
+#: sequencer.c:884
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "Подаването сочено от указателя „HEAD“ не може да бъде открито"
+
+#: sequencer.c:886
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr ""
+"действието не може да бъде преустановено, когато сте на клон, който тепърва "
+"предстои да бъде създаден"
+
+#: sequencer.c:908 builtin/apply.c:4288
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:912
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "неочакван край на файл"
+
+#: sequencer.c:918
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+"запазеният преди започването на отбирането файл за указателя „HEAD“ — „%s“ е "
+"повреден"
+
+#: sequencer.c:941
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ не може да се форматира по подходящия начин."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: не може да се отбере „%s“"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: неправилна версия"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1123
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Първоначалното подаване не може да бъде отменено"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1124
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "При празен връх не могат да се отбират подавания"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"При нормална работа Git никога не създава указатели, които завършват с 40\n"
+"шестнадесетични знака, защото стандартно те ще бъдат прескачани.\n"
+"Възможно е такива указатели да са създадени случайно. Например:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $BRANCH $(git rev-parse…)\n"
+"\n"
+"където стойността на променливата на средата BRANCH е празна, при което се\n"
+"създава подобен указател. Прегледайте тези указатели и ги изтрийте. Можете "
+"да\n"
+"спрете това съобщение като изпълните командата:\n"
+"„git config advice.objectNameWarning false“"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1068
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "Указателят „HEAD“ не сочи към клон"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Не съществува клон на име „%s“"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1073
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Не е зададен клон-източник за клона „%s“"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "Клонът-източник „%s“ не е съхранен като следящ клон"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Неслетите файлове „.gitmodules“ не могат да бъдат променяни. Първо "
+"коригирайте конфликтите"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Във файла „.gitmodules“ липсва раздел за директория „path=%s“"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Записът „%s“ във файла „.gitmodules“ не може да бъде променен"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Записът „%s“ във файла „.gitmodules“ не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно добавяне на променения файл „.gitmodules“ в индекса"
+
+#: submodule.c:1109 builtin/init-db.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Връзката в Git „%s“ не може да бъде създадена"
+
+#: submodule.c:1120
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "Настройката „core.worktree“ не може да се зададе в „%s“"
+
+#: trailer.c:491 trailer.c:495 trailer.c:499 trailer.c:553 trailer.c:557
+#: trailer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "неправилна стойност „%s“ за настройката „%s“"
+
+#: trailer.c:543 trailer.c:548 builtin/remote.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "стойността „%s“ се повтаря в настройките"
+
+#: trailer.c:581
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "празна завършваща лексема в епилога „%.*s“"
+
+#: trailer.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "входният файл „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: trailer.c:704
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "от стандартния вход не може да се чете"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:202
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Изтегляне на файлове"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "неправилна схема за адрес или суфиксът „://“ липсва"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "неправилна екранираща последователност „%XX“"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "не е указана машина, а схемата не е „file:“"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "при схема „file:“ не можете да указвате номер на порт"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "неправилни знаци в името на машина"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "неправилен номер на порт"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "неправилна част от пътя „..“"
+
+#: wrapper.c:523
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "няма достъп до „%s“: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "няма достъп до „%s“"
+
+#: wrapper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "текущият потребител не може да бъде открит във файла „/etc/passwd“: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:556
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "такъв потребител не съществува"
+
+#: wrapper.c:564
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "текущата работна директория е недостъпна"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Неслети пътища:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (използвайте „git reset %s ФАЙЛ…“, за да извадите ФАЙЛа от индекса)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git rm --cached %s ФАЙЛ…“, за да извадите ФАЙЛа от индекса)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git add ФАЙЛ…“, за да укажете разрешаването на конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git add/rm ФАЙЛ…“, според решението, което избирате за "
+"конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git rm ФАЙЛ…“, за да укажете разрешаването на конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:878
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Промени, които ще бъдат подадени:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:887
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Промени, които не са в индекса за подаване:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git add ФАЙЛ…“, за да обновите съдържанието за подаване)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git add/rm ФАЙЛ…“, за да обновите съдържанието за подаване)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git checkout -- ФАЙЛ…“, за да отхвърлите промените в "
+"работното дърво)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (подайте или отхвърлете неследеното или промененото съдържание в "
+"подмодулите)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git %s ФАЙЛ…“, за да определите какво включвате в подаването)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "изтрити в двата случая:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "добавени от вас:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "изтрити от тях:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "добавени от тях:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "изтрити от вас:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "добавени и в двата случая:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "променени и в двата случая:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "грешка: състоянието на промяната „%x“ не може да бъде обработено"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "нов файл:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "копиран:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "изтрит:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "променен:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "преименуван:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "смяна на вида:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "непозната промяна:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "неслят:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "нови подавания, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "променено съдържание, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "неследено съдържание, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "грешка: състоянието на промяната „%c“ не може да бъде обработено"
+
+#: wt-status.c:753
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Подмодулите са променени, но не са обновени:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Промени в подмодулите за подаване:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:835
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"Не променяйте горния ред.\n"
+"Всичко отдолу ще бъде изтрито."
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Някои пътища не са слети."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (коригирайте конфликтите и изпълнете „git commit“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Всички конфликти са решени, но продължавате сливането."
+
+#: wt-status.c:955
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (използвайте „git commit“, за да завършите сливането)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:965
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "В момента прилагате поредица от кръпки чрез „git am“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:968
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Текущата кръпка е празна."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (коригирайте конфликтите и изпълнете „git am --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:974
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (използвайте „git am --skip“, за да пропуснете тази кръпка)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git am --abort“, за да възстановите първоначалния клон)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1036 wt-status.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "В момента пребазирате клона „%s“ върху „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1041 wt-status.c:1058
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "В момента пребазирате."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1044
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (коригирайте конфликтите и използвайте „git rebase --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1046
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (използвайте „git rebase --skip“, за да пропуснете тази кръпка)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1048
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git rebase --abort“, за да възстановите първоначалния клон)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1061
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (всички конфликти са коригирани: изпълнете „git rebase --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1065
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "В момента разделяте подаване докато пребазирате клона „%s“ върху „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1070
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "В момента разделяте подаване докато пребазирате."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1073
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (След като работното ви дърво стане чисто, използвайте „git rebase --"
+"continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"В момента редактирате подаване докато пребазирате клона „%s“ върху „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1082
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "В момента редактирате подаване докато пребазирате."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1085
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git commit --amend“, за да редактирате текущото подаване)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1087
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git rebase --continue“, след като завършите промените си)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "В момента отбирате подаването „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1102
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (коригирайте конфликтите и изпълнете „git cherry-pick --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (всички конфликти са коригирани, изпълнете „git cherry-pick --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1107
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git cherry-pick --abort“, за да отмените всички действия с "
+"отбиране)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1116
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "В момента отменяте подаване „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1121
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (коригирайте конфликтите и изпълнете „git revert --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (всички конфликти са коригирани, изпълнете „git revert --continue“)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1126
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git revert --abort“, за да преустановите отмяната на "
+"подаване)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "В момента търсите двоично, като сте стартирали от клон „%s“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1141
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "В момента търсите двоично."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1144
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (използвайте „git bisect reset“, за да се върнете към първоначалното "
+"състояние и клон)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1321
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "На клон "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1328
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "извършвате пребазиране върху "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1333
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "Указателят „HEAD“ не е свързан и е при "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1335
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "Указателят „HEAD“ не е свързан и е отделѐн от "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1338
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Извън всички клони."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1355
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Първоначално подаване"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1369
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Неследени файлове"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1371
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Игнорирани файлове"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Бяха необходими %.2f секунди за изброяването на неследените файлове.\n"
+"Добавянето на опцията „-uno“ към командата „git status“, ще ускори\n"
+"изпълнението, но не трябва да забравяте ръчно да добавяте новите файлове.\n"
+"За повече подробности погледнете „git status help“."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1381
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Неследените файлове не са изведени%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1383
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (използвайте опцията „-u“, за да изведете неследените файлове)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1389
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Няма промени"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1394
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"към индекса за подаване не са добавени промени (използвайте „git add“ и/или "
+"„git commit -a“)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1397
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "към индекса за подаване не са добавени промени\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"към индекса за подаване не са добавени промени, но има нови файлове "
+"(използвайте „git add“, за да започне тяхното следене)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1403
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "към индекса за подаване не са добавени промени, но има нови файлове\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"липсват каквито и да е промени (създайте или копирайте файлове и използвайте "
+"„git add“, за да започне тяхното следене)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1409 wt-status.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "липсват каквито и да е промени\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1412
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"липсват каквито и да е промени (използвайте опцията „-u“, за да се изведат и "
+"неследените файлове)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "липсват каквито и да е промени, работното дърво е чисто\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1525
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (извън клон)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1531
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Първоначално подаване на клон"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1563
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "изтрит"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1565 wt-status.c:1573
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "назад с "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "неуспешно изтриване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "неочакван изходен код при генериране на разлика: %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:277
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно обновяване на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "изтриване на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Промени, които и след обновяването на индекса не са добавени към него:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:785
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Индексът не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен за запис."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Кръпката не може да бъде записана"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Не може да се получи информация чрез „stat“ за файла „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:216
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Празна кръпка, преустановяване на действието."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Кръпката „%s“ не може да бъде приложена"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:231
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Следните пътища ще бъдат игнорирани според някой от файловете „.gitignore“:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:248 builtin/clean.c:876 builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/mv.c:110
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/push.c:508 builtin/remote.c:1372
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "пробно изпълнeние"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/apply.c:4577 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1322 builtin/count-objects.c:63 builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:1617 builtin/mv.c:109 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "повече подробности"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:251
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "интерактивно отбиране на промени"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:1126 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "интерактивен избор на парчета код"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "редактиране на текущата разлика и прилагане"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "добавяне и на иначе игнорираните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "обновяване на следените файлове"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "отбелязване само на факта, че пътят ще бъде добавен по-късно"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "добавяне на всички промени в следените и неследените файлове"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:260
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"игнориране на пътищата, които са изтрити от работното дърво (същото като „--"
+"no-all“)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:262
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "без добавяне на нови файлове, само обновяване на индекса"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+"прескачане на файловете, които не могат да бъдат добавени поради грешки"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr ""
+"проверка, че при пробно изпълнение всички файлове, дори и изтритите, се "
+"игнорират"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Използвайте опцията „-f“, за да ги добавите наистина.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:293
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно добавяне на файлове"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:329
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "опциите „-A“ и „-u“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:336
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "Опцията „--ignore-missing“ е съвместима само с „--dry-run“"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Нищо не е зададено и нищо не е добавено.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Вероятно искахте да използвате „git add .“?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:363 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:920
+#: builtin/commit.c:335 builtin/mv.c:130 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:299
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "файлът с индекса е повреден"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:446 builtin/apply.c:4675 builtin/mv.c:279 builtin/rm.c:431
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Новият индекс не може да бъде записан"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [ОПЦИЯ…] [КРЪПКА…]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "непозната опция за знаците за интервали „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "непозната опция за игнориране на знаците за интервали „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:822
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Регулярният израз за времето „%s“ не може за бъде компилиран"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:831
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "Регулярният израз върна %d при подадена последователност „%s“ на входа"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "Липсва име на файл на ред %d от кръпката"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: лош изход от командата „git-diff“ — на ред %2$d се очакваше „/dev/"
+"null“, а бе получен „%1$s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: лош изход от командата „git-diff“ — на ред %d бе получено "
+"неправилно име на нов файл"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: лош изход от командата „git-diff“ — на ред %d бе получено "
+"неправилно име на стар файл"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: лош изход от командата „git-diff“ — на ред %d се очакваше „/dev/"
+"null“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1419
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "при повторното преброяване бе получен неочакван ред: „%.*s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "част от кръпка без заглавна част на ред %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1493
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"След съкращаването на %d-та част от компонентите на пътя, в заглавната част "
+"на „git diff“ липсва информация за име на файл (ред: %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"След съкращаването на първите %d части от компонентите на пътя, в заглавната "
+"част на „git diff“ липсва информация за име на файл (ред: %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "новият файл зависи от старото съдържание на файла"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "изтритият файл не е празен"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "грешка в кръпката на ред %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "новият файл „%s“ зависи от старото съдържание на файла"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "изтритият файл „%s“ не е празен"
+
+# FIXME - double **??
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "●● предупреждение: файлът „%s“ вече е празен, но не е изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "грешка в двоичната кръпка на ред %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "неразпозната двоичната кръпка на ред %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2051
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "кръпката е с изцяло повредени данни на ред %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2141
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "символната връзка „%s“ не може да бъде прочетена"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен или прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2778
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "неправилно начало на ред: „%c“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] ""
+"%d-то парче код бе успешно приложено на ред %d (отместване от %d ред)."
+msgstr[1] ""
+"%d-то парче код бе успешно приложено на ред %d (отместване от %d реда)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr ""
+"Контекстът е намален на (%ld/%ld) за прилагането на парчето код на ред %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2915
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"при търсене за:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "липсват данните за двоичната кръпка за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3036
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "двоичната кръпка не може да бъде приложена върху „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3042
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"двоичната кръпка за „%s“ води до неправилни резултати (очакваше се SHA1: "
+"„%s“, а бе получено: „%s“)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3063
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "неуспешно прилагане на кръпка: „%s:%ld“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3187
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се изтегли"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3232 builtin/apply.c:3243 builtin/apply.c:3288
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно прочитане на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3240
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "изчитане на „%s“ след проследяване на символна връзка"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3268 builtin/apply.c:3490
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "обектът с път „%s“ е преименуван или изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3349 builtin/apply.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "„%s“ не съществува в индекса"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3353 builtin/apply.c:3496 builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "„%s“: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3358 builtin/apply.c:3512
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "„%s“ не съответства на индекса"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3460
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "изтриващата кръпка оставя файла непразен"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3529
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "„%s“: неправилен вид"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3531
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "„%s“ е от вид „%o“, а се очакваше „%o“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3690 builtin/apply.c:3692
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "неправилен път: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "„%s“: вече съществува в индекса"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "„%s“: вече съществува в работната директория"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3770
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "новите права за достъп (%o) на „%s“ не съвпадат със старите (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3775
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr ""
+"новите права за достъп (%o) на „%s“ не съвпадат със старите (%o) на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "засегнатият файл „%s“ е след символна връзка"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "Кръпката „%s“ не може да бъде приложена"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3813
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Проверяване на кръпката „%s“…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3906 builtin/checkout.c:231 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "неуспешно създаване на запис в кеша чрез „make_cache_entry“ за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4049
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се извади от индекса"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4078
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "повредена кръпка за модула „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"не може да се получи информация чрез „stat“ за новосъздадения файл „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+"не може да се за създаде мястото за съхранение на новосъздадения файл „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4090 builtin/apply.c:4198
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "не може да се добави запис в кеша за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4123
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "затваряне на файла „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4172
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да се запише с режим на достъп „%o“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Кръпката „%s“ бе приложена чисто."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "вътрешна грешка"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Прилагане на кръпката „%%s“ с %d отхвърлено парче…"
+msgstr[1] "Прилагане на кръпката „%%s“ с %d отхвърлени парчета…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4280
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "съкращаване на името на файла с отхвърлените парчета на „ %.*s.rej“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "%d-то парче бе успешно приложено."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4304
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "%d-то парче бе отхвърлено."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "непознат вход"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "индексът не може да бъде записан"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4522 builtin/apply.c:4525 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "път"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4523
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "без прилагане на промените напасващи на дадения път"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "прилагане на промените напасващи на дадения път"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "БРОЙ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4529
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "премахване на този БРОЙ водещи елементи от пътищата в разликата"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "игнориране на редовете добавени от тази кръпка"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "извеждане на статистика на промените без прилагане на кръпката"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "извеждане на броя на добавените и изтритите редове"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "извеждане на статистика на входните данни без прилагане на кръпката"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4542
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "проверка дали кръпката може да се приложи, без действително прилагане"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4544
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "проверка дали кръпката може да бъде приложена към текущия индекс"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "прилагане на кръпката без промяна на работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4548
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "прилагане на кръпка, която променя и файлове извън работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr ""
+"кръпката да бъде приложена. Опцията се комбинира с „--check“/„--stat“/„--"
+"summary“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4552
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "пробване с тройно сливане, ако кръпката не може да се приложи директно"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4554
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+"създаване на временен индекс на база на включената информация за индекса"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556 builtin/checkout-index.c:198 builtin/ls-files.c:412
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "разделяне на пътищата с нулевия знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4559
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "да се осигури контекст от поне такъв БРОЙ съвпадащи редове"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "действие"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4561
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "засичане на нови или променени редове с грешки в знаците за интервали"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4564 builtin/apply.c:4567
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr ""
+"игнориране на промените в знаците за интервали при откриване на контекста"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "прилагане на кръпката в обратна посока"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4572
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "без изискване на дори и един ред контекст"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4574
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "оставяне на отхвърлените парчета във файлове с разширение „.rej“"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4576
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "позволяване на застъпващи се парчета"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4579
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "пренебрегване на неправилно липсващ знак за нов ред в края на файл"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4582
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "без доверяване на номерата на редовете в заглавните части на парчетата"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4584
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "НАЧАЛНА_ДИРЕКТОРИЯ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4585
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "добавяне на тази НАЧАЛНА_ДИРЕКТОРИЯ към имената на всички файлове"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4607
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "като „--3way“, но извън хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4615
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "като „--index“, но извън хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4618
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "като „--cached“, но извън хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "кръпката „%s“ не може да бъде отворена"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4651
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "пренебрегната е %d грешка в знаците за интервали"
+msgstr[1] "пренебрегнати са %d грешки в знаците за интервали"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4657 builtin/apply.c:4667
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d ред добавя грешки в знаците за интервали."
+msgstr[1] "%d реда добавят грешки в знаците за интервали."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "архивният файл „%s“ не може да бъде създаден"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "изходът не може да бъде пренасочен"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Липсва адрес за отдалеченото хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: очакваше се „ACK“/„NAK“, а бе получен „EOF“"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: получен е „NACK“ — %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "отдалечена грешка: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: протоколна грешка"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: очакваше се изчистване на буферите чрез „flush“"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "извършване на „git bisect next“"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr ""
+"обновяване на указателя „BISECT_HEAD“ вместо да се използва текущото подаване"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [ОПЦИЯ…] [ОПЦИЯ_ЗА_ВЕРСИЯТА…] [ВЕРСИЯ] [--] ФАЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:35
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "ОПЦИИте_ЗА_ВЕРСИЯТА са документирани в ръководството git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2500
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Извеждане на анотациите с намирането им, последователно"
+
+# FIXME SHA-1 -> SHA1
+#: builtin/blame.c:2501
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Извеждане на празни суми по SHA1 за граничните подавания (стандартно опцията "
+"е изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2502
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Началните подавания да не се считат за гранични (стандартно опцията е "
+"изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2503
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Извеждане на статистика за извършените действия"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2504
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Извеждане на допълнителна информация за определянето на анотациите"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2505
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr ""
+"Извеждане на първоначалното име на файл (стандартно това е автоматично)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2506
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Извеждане на първоначалният номер на ред (стандартно опцията е изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2507
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Извеждане във формат за по-нататъшна обработка"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2508
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr ""
+"Извеждане във формат за команди от потребителско ниво с информация на всеки "
+"ред"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2509
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Използване на същия формат като „git-annotate“ (стандартно опцията е "
+"изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2510
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Извеждане на неформатирани времена (стандартно опцията е изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2511
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Извеждане на пълните суми по SHA1 (стандартно опцията е изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2512
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Без име на автор и време на промяна (стандартно опцията е изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2513
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Извеждане на е-пощата на автора, а не името му (стандартно опцията е "
+"изключена)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2514
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Без разлики в знаците за интервали"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2515
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Допълнителни изчисления за по-добри резултати"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2516
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Изчитане на версиите от ФАЙЛ, а не чрез изпълнение на „git-rev-list“"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Използване на съдържанието на ФАЙЛа като крайно положение"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518 builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "напасване на редовете"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr ""
+"Търсене на копирани редове както в рамките на един файл, така и от един файл "
+"към друг"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr ""
+"Търсене на преместени редове както в рамките на един файл, така и от един "
+"файл към друг"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+"Информация само за редовете в интервала от n до m включително. Броенето "
+"започва от 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2601
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "преди 4 години и 11 месеца"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [ОПЦИЯ…] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [ОПЦИЯ…] [-l] [-f] ИМЕ_НА_КЛОН [НАЧАЛО]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [ОПЦИЯ…] [-r] (-d | -D) ИМЕ_НА_КЛОН…"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [ОПЦИЯ…] (-m | -M) [СТАР_КЛОН] НОВ_КЛОН"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"изтриване на клона „%s“, който е слят към „%s“,\n"
+"         но още не е слят към върха „HEAD“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"отказване на изтриване на клона „%s“, който не е слят към\n"
+"         „%s“, но е слят към върха „HEAD“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:170
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Обектът-подаване за „%s“ не може да бъде открит"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:174
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ не е слят напълно. Ако сте сигурни, че искате\n"
+"да го изтриете, изпълнете „git branch -D %s“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:187
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Неуспешно обновяване на конфигурационния файл"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:215
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "Опцията „-a“ е несъвместима с опцията „-d“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:221
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Обектът-подаване, сочен от указателя „HEAD“, не може да бъде открит"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Не можете да изтриете клона „%s“, защото в момента е текущ."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:245
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "отдалеченият клон „%s“ не може да бъде открит."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "клонът „%s“ не може да бъде открит."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Грешка при изтриването на отдалечения клон „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Грешка при изтриването на клона „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Изтрит отдалечен клон „%s“ (той сочеше към „%s“).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Изтрит клон „%s“ (той сочеше към „%s“).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "клонът „%s“ не сочи към подаване"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: изтрит]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: назад с %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[назад с %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: напред с %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[напред с %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: напред с %d, назад с %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:483
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[напред с %d, назад с %d]"
+
+# FIXME ** how many??
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " ●●●● неправилен указател ●●●●"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(извън клон, пребазиране на „%s“)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(извън клон, двоично търсене от „%s“)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:596
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(Указателят „HEAD“ не е свързан и е при „%s“)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:599
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "Указателят „HEAD“ не е свързан и е отделѐн от „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:603
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(извън клон)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не сочи към подаване"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr "някои указатели не могат да бъдат прочетени"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+"не можете да преименувате текущия клон, защото сте извън който и да е клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправилно име на клон: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:736
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Неуспешно преименуване на клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "На клона с неправилно име „%s“ е дадено служебно име"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Клонът е преименуван на „%s“, но указателят „HEAD“ не е обновен"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:751
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Клонът е преименуван, но конфигурационният файл не е обновен"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "неправилно име на обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "шаблонът за описание на клон не бе записан: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Общи настройки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на хеша и темата. Повтарянето на опцията прибавя отдалечените клони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "без информационни съобщения"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "задаване на режима на следене (виж git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "смяна на следения клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "цветен изход"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "действие върху следящите клони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834 builtin/branch.c:840 builtin/branch.c:861
+#: builtin/branch.c:867 builtin/commit.c:1582 builtin/commit.c:1583
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584 builtin/commit.c:1585 builtin/tag.c:616
+#: builtin/tag.c:622
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "подаване"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835 builtin/branch.c:841
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "извеждане само на клоните, които съдържат това подаване"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:847
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Специални действия на „git-branch“:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "извеждане както на следящите, така и на локалните клони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:850
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "изтриване на клони, които са напълно слети"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:851
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "изтриване и на клони, които не са напълно слети"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:852
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr ""
+"преместване/преименуване на клон и принадлежащият му журнал на указателите"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:853
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "преместване/преименуване на клон, дори ако има вече клон с такова име"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:854
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "извеждане на имената на клоните"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "създаване на журнала на указателите на клона"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "редактиране на описанието на клона"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:858
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "принудително създаване, преместване, преименуване, изтриване"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "извеждане само на неслетите клони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:867
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "извеждане само на слетите клони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:871
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "извеждане по колони"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:884
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Не може да се открие към какво сочи указателят „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:888 builtin/clone.c:637
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "В директорията „refs/heads“ липсва файл „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:910
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "Опциите „--column“ и „--verbose“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:921 builtin/branch.c:960
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "Необходимо е име на клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:936
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Не може да зададете описание на „HEAD“ извън клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "Не може да редактирате описанието на повече от един клон едновременно"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "В клона „%s“ все още няма подавания."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:951
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Липсва клон на име „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "Прекалено много клони за преименуване"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:971
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "Прекалено много клони за задаване на следене"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:975
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Следеното от „HEAD“ не може да се зададе да е „%s“, защото то не сочи към "
+"никой клон."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:978 builtin/branch.c:1000 builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Няма клон на име „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "Не съществува клон на име „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "Прекалено много клони за махане на следене"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:998
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Следеното от „HEAD“ не може да махне, защото то не сочи към никой клон."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Няма информация клонът „%s“ да следи някой друг"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1018
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "Няма никакъв смисъл ръчно да създавате „HEAD“."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1024
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr "Опциите „-a“ и „-r“ на „git branch“ са несъвместими с име на клон"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1027
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Опцията „--set-upstream“ вече е остаряла и предстои да бъде махната. "
+"Използвайте „--track“ или „--set-upstream-to“\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"За да накарате „%s“ да следи „%s“, изпълнете следната команда:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1045
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "Пратката „%s“ е наред\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "За създаването на пратка е необходимо хранилище."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "За приемането на пратка е необходимо хранилище."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:326
+msgid "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | ВИД | --textconv) ОБЕКТ"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < СПИСЪК_С_ОБЕКТИ"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:364
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr ""
+"ВИДът може да е: „blob“ (обект BLOB), „tree“ (дърво), „commit“ (подаване), "
+"„tag“ (етикет)"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:365
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "извеждане на вида на обект"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:366
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "извеждане на размера на обект"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:368
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "изход с 0, когато няма грешка"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:369
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "форматирано извеждане на съдържанието на обекта"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:371
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr ""
+"да се стартира програмата зададена в настройката „textconv“ за преобразуване "
+"на съдържанието на обекта"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:373
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на информация и съдържание на обектите подадени на стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:376
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "извеждане на информация за обектите подадени на стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | АТРИБУТ…] [--] ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | АТРИБУТ…] < СПИСЪК_С_ПЪТИЩА"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "извеждане на всички атрибути, зададени върху файл"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "използване на файла „.gitattributes“ само от индекса"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "изчитане на имената на файловете от стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "разделяне на входните и изходните записи с нулевия знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/gc.c:274
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "без показване на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "извеждане на несъвпадащите пътища"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "прескачане на индекса при проверката"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "опцията „--stdin“ е несъвместима с имена на пътища"
+
+# FIXME options
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "опцията „-z“ изисква „--stdin“"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "не е зададен път"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "опцията „--quiet“ изисква да е подаден точно един път"
+
+# FIXME options
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "опциите „--quiet“ и „--verbose“ са несъвместими"
+
+# FIXME options
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "опцията „--non-matching“ изисква „--verbose“"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [ОПЦИЯ…] КОНТАКТ…"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "четене на контакти и от стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "контактът не може да бъде анализиран: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "не са указани контакти"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] [ФАЙЛ…]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "изтегляне на всички файлове в индекса"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:189
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "презаписване на файловете, дори и да съществуват"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:191
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "без предупреждения при липсващи файлове и файлове не в индекса"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:193
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "без изтегляне на нови файлове"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:195
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "обновяване на информацията получена чрез „stat“ за файловете в индекса"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:201
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "изчитане на пътищата от стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "записване на съдържанието във временни файлове"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "НИЗ"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:205
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "при създаването на нови файлове да се добавя префикса НИЗ"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:208
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "копиране на файловете от това състояние на сливане"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [ОПЦИЯ…] КЛОН"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [ОПЦИЯ…] [КЛОН] -- ФАЙЛ…"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132 builtin/checkout.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "вашата версия липсва в пътя „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "чуждата версия липсва в пътя „%s“"
+
+# FIXME SAME AS [1]
+#: builtin/checkout.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "някоя от необходимите версии липсва в пътя „%s“"
+
+# FIXME SAME AS [1]
+#: builtin/checkout.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "някоя от необходимите версии липсва в пътя „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "пътят „%s“ не може да бъде слян"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Резултатът за „%s“ не може да бъде слян"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:255
+#: builtin/checkout.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "Опцията „%s“ е несъвместима с обновяването на пътища"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "Опцията „%s“ е несъвместима с „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Невъзможно е едновременно да обновявате пътища и да се прехвърлите към клона "
+"„%s“."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:278 builtin/checkout.c:467
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "повреден файл на индекса"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:338 builtin/checkout.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "пътят „%s“ не е слят"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:489
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "първо трябва да коригирате индекса си"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Журналът на указателите за „%s“ не може да бъде създаден\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "Указателят „HEAD“ в момента сочи към"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Зануляване на клона „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Вече сте на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Преминаване към клона „%s“ и зануляване на промените\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:669 builtin/checkout.c:1050
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Преминахте към новия клон „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Преминахте към клона „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:723
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr "… и още %d.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:729
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: изоставяте %d подаване, което не е свързано към никой клон:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: изоставяте %d подавания, които не са свързани към никой "
+"клон:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ако все пак искате да запазите тези промени чрез създаване на клон,\n"
+"сега е най-подходящият за това чрез командата:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch ИМЕ_НА_НОВИЯ_КЛОН %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:777
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "вътрешна грешка при обхождането на версиите"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:781
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "Преди това „HEAD“ сочеше към"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:808 builtin/checkout.c:1045
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "В момента сте на клон, който предстои да бъде създаден"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:952
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "очакваше се един указател, а сте подали %d."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "неправилен указател: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1020
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "указателят не сочи към обект-дърво: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "задаването на път е несъвместимо с преминаването от един клон към друг"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062 builtin/checkout.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "опцията „%s“ е несъвместима с преминаването от един клон към друг"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "опцията „%s“ е несъвместима с „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"За да преминете към клон, подайте указател, който сочи към подаване. „%s“ не "
+"е такъв"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108 builtin/checkout.c:1110 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:159 builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1109
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "създаване и преминаване към нов клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "създаване/зануляване на клон и преминаване към него"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1112
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "създаване на журнал на указателите за нов клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "отделяне на указателя „HEAD“ към указаното подаване"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1114
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "задаване на кой клон бива следен при създаването на новия клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "НОВ_КЛОН"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "нов клон без родител"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1117
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "изтегляне на вашата версия на неслетите файлове"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1119
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "изтегляне на чуждата версия на неслетите файлове"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1121
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "принудително изтегляне (вашите промени ще бъдат занулени)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1122
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "извършване на тройно сливане с новия клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1123 builtin/merge.c:227
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "обновяване на игнорираните файлове (стандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1124 builtin/log.c:1239 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "стил"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "действие при конфликт (сливане или тройна разлика)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "без ограничаване на изброените пътища само до частично изтеглените"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1130
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr ""
+"опит за отгатване на име на клон след неуспешен опит с „git checkout "
+"НЕСЪЩЕСТВУВАЩ_КЛОН“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Опциите „-b“, „-B“ и „--orphan“ са несъвместими една с друга"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1170
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "опцията „--track“ изисква име на клон"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1175
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Липсва име на клон, използвайте опцията „-b“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1212
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "указан е неправилен път"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Не можете едновременно да обновявате пътища и да преминете към клона „%s“.\n"
+"Дали не искате да изтеглите „%s“, който не сочи към подаване?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1224
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: опцията „--detach“ не приема аргумент-път „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1228
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: опциите „--ours“/„--theirs“, „--force“ и „--merge“\n"
+"са несъвместими с изтегляне от индекса."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e ШАБЛОН] [-x | -X] [--] ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Изтриване на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Файлът „%s“ ще бъде изтрит\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Прескачане на хранилището „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Хранилището „%s“ ще бъде прескочено\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Подсказка:\n"
+"1          — избор на обект според реда\n"
+"ПРЕФИКС    — избор на единствен обект по този уникален префикс\n"
+"           — (празно) нищо да не се избира"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:299
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Подсказка:\n"
+"1          — избор на един обект\n"
+"3-5        — интервал за избор на обекти\n"
+"2-3,6-9    — множество интервали за избор на обекти\n"
+"ПРЕФИКС    — избор на единствен обект по този уникален префикс\n"
+"-…         — отмяна на избора на обекти\n"
+"*          — избиране на всички обекти\n"
+"           — (празно) завършване на избирането"
+
+# FIXME WTF does this mean
+#: builtin/clean.c:517
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Неправилен избор (%s). Изберете отново."
+
+# FIXME - should we use >> or sth else
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Шаблони за игнорирани елементи≫ "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: Никой обект не напасва на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Избиране на обекти за изтриване"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Да се изтрие ли „%s“? „y“ —  да, „N“ — НЕ"
+
+# FIXME improve message
+#: builtin/clean.c:783
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Изход."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:791
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               — начало на изчистването\n"
+"filter by pattern   — шаблон за обекти, които да не се трият\n"
+"select by numbers   — номера на обекти, които да се трият\n"
+"ask each            — потвърждаване на всяко изтриване (подобно на „rm -i“)\n"
+"quit                — край на изчистването\n"
+"help                — този край\n"
+"?                   — подсказка за шаблоните"
+
+# FIXME how many ***
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "●●● Команди ●●●"
+
+# FIXME improve message
+#: builtin/clean.c:819
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Избор на следващо действие"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:827
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Следният обект ще бъде изтрит:"
+msgstr[1] "Следните обекти ще бъдат изтрити:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:844
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Файловете за изчистване свършиха. Изход от програмата."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "без извеждане на имената на файловете, които ще бъдат изтрити"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "принудително изтриване"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:878
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "интерактивно изтриване"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "изтриване на цели директории"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:714
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:443 builtin/name-rev.c:311 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "шаблон"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "добавяне на ШАБЛОН от файлове, които да не се трият"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:883
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "изтриване и на игнорираните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:885
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "изтриване само на игнорирани файлове"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:903
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "опциите „-x“ и „-X“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:907
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"Настройката „clean.requireForce“ е зададена като истина, което изисква някоя "
+"от опциите „-i“, „-n“ или „-f“. Няма да се извърши изчистване"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:910
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"Настройката „clean.requireForce“ не е зададена, но стандартно е истина, "
+"което изисква някоя от опциите „-i“, „-n“ или „-f“. Няма да се извърши "
+"изчистване"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] ХРАНИЛИЩЕ [ДИРЕКТОРИЯ]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66 builtin/fetch.c:111 builtin/merge.c:224
+#: builtin/push.c:523
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "извеждане на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "без създаване на работно дърво"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/clone.c:71 builtin/init-db.c:496
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "създаване на голо хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr ""
+"създаване на хранилище-огледало (включва опцията „--bare“ за голо хранилище)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "клониране от локално хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "без твърди връзки, файловете винаги да се копират"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "настройване за споделено хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "инициализиране на подмодулите при това клониране"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:493
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "директория с шаблони"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "директория, която съдържа шаблоните, които да се ползват"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "еталонно хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "използване на това ИМЕ вместо „origin“ при проследяване на клони"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "изтегляне на този КЛОН, а не соченият от отдалечения указател „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "път към командата „git-upload-pack“ на отдалеченото хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "ДЪЛБОЧИНА"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "плитко клониране до тази ДЪЛБОЧИНА"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr ""
+"клониране само на един клон — или сочения от отдалечения „HEAD“, или изрично "
+"зададения с „--branch“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "опцията „--reference“ може да се използва само при клониране"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100 builtin/init-db.c:502
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "СЛУЖЕБНА_ДИРЕКТОРИЯ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101 builtin/init-db.c:503
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "отделна СЛУЖЕБНА_ДИРЕКТОРИЯ за git извън работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "КЛЮЧ=СТОЙНОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:103
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "задаване на настройките на новото хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "еталонното хранилище „%s“ не е локално"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "еталонното хранилище „%s“ е плитко"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "еталонното хранилище „%s“ е с присаждане"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "директорията „%s“ не може да бъде създадена"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:327 builtin/diff.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "не може да бъде получена информация чрез „stat“ за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "„%s“ съществува и не е директория"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "не може да бъде получена информация чрез „stat“ за „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "връзката „%s“ не може да бъде създадена"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:369
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът не може да бъде копиран като „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:392 builtin/clone.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "действието завърши.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:404
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Клонирането бе успешно за разлика от подготовката на работното дърво\n"
+"за определен клон. Все пак можете да проверите кои файлове и от кой\n"
+"клон в момента са изтеглени с командата „git status“. Можете да\n"
+"завършите изтеглянето на клона с командата „git checkout -f HEAD“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr ""
+"Клонът „%s“ от отдалеченото хранилище, което клонирате,\n"
+"и който следва да бъде изтеглен, не съществува."
+
+# FIXME translator note that the space at end is necesssary
+#: builtin/clone.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Проверка на връзката… "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:564
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "отдалеченото хранилище не изпрати всички необходими обекти."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"указателят „HEAD“ от отдалеченото хранилище сочи към нещо,\n"
+"което не съществува. Не може да се изтегли определен клон.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:659
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "работното дърво не може да бъде подготвено"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:746
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "не може да се извърши пакетиране за изчистване на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:748
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "временният файл за алтернативни обекти не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Прекалено много аргументи."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:782
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Трябва да укажете кое хранилище искате да клонирате."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:793
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "опциите „--bare“ и „--origin %s“ са несъвместими."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "опциите „--bare“ и „--separate-git-dir“ са несъвместими."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "не съществува хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:815 builtin/fetch.c:1156
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "дълбочината трябва да е положително цяло число, а не „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:825
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "целевият път „%s“ съществува и не е празна директория."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "в „%s“ вече съществува работно дърво."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:850 builtin/clone.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "родителските директории на „%s“ не могат да бъдат създадени"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "работното дърво в „%s“ не може да бъде създадено."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Клониране и създаване на голо хранилище в „%s“…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:873
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Клониране и създаване на хранилище в „%s“…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:898
+msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+msgstr "Опцията „--dissociate“ е несъвместима с „--reference“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:913
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+"При локално клониране опцията „--depth“ се игнорира. Ползвайте схемата "
+"„file://“."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:916
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "клонираното хранилище е плитко, затова опцията „--local“ се игнорира"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "опцията „--local“ се игнорира"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:925
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Не се поддържа клониране на връзки от вида „%s“ "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:976 builtin/clone.c:984
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Отдалеченият клон „%s“ липсва в клонираното хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:987
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Изглежда клонирахте празно хранилище."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "извеждане на настройките"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "как да се подреди резултата"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Максимална широчина"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Поле в знаци отляво"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Поле в знаци отдясно"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Поле в знаци между колоните"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "опцията „--command“ трябва да е първият аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:37
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:42
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:47
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Името и адресът за е-поща са настроени автоматично на базата на името на\n"
+"потребителя и името на машината. Проверете дали са верни. Можете да спрете\n"
+"това съобщение като изрично зададете стойностите. Изпълнете следната "
+"команда\n"
+"и следвайте инструкциите в текстовия ви редактор, за да редактирате\n"
+"конфигурационния файл:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"След като направите това, можете да коригирате информацията за автора на\n"
+"текущото подаване чрез:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Името и адресът за е-поща са настроени автоматично на базата на името на\n"
+"потребителя и името на машината. Проверете дали са верни. Можете да спрете\n"
+"това съобщение като изрично зададете стойностите:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Вашето Име\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email пенчо@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"След като направите това, можете да коригирате информацията за автора на\n"
+"текущото подаване чрез:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Поискахте да поправите последното си подаване. Това действие ще превърне\n"
+"подаването в празно. Можете или да го повторите като разрешите такива "
+"подавания\n"
+"с опцията „--allow-empty“, или да го изтриете от историята с командата:\n"
+"„git reset HEAD^“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:77
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Предишното отбрано подаване вече е празно, като най-вероятната причина е\n"
+"корекция на конфликт. Ако все пак искате да го ползвате, използвайте "
+"командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:84
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "В противен случай използвайте командата „git reset“\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:87
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ако искате да прескочите това подаване, използвайте командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Чрез командата „git cherry-pick --continue“ ще продължите отбирането на\n"
+"останалите подавания.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:304
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "върховото дърво (HEAD tree object) не може да бъде извадено от пакет"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:344
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "временният индекс не може да бъде създаден"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:350
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно интерактивно добавяне"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:361
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "индексът не може да бъде записан"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:363
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "временният индекс не може да бъде обновен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Дървото на основния кеш не може да бъде обновено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:414 builtin/commit.c:463
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "новият индекс не може да бъде записан"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:445
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "по време на сливане не може да се извърши частично подаване."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "по време на отбиране не може да се извърши частично подаване."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:456
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "индексът не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:475
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "временният индекс не може да бъде записан"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "заглавната част за автор в подаването „%s“ липсва"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "заглавната част за автор в подаването „%s“ е неправилна"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:601
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "неправилен параметър към опцията „--author“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "неправилен формат на дата: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:653
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"не може да се избере знак за коментар — в текущото съобщение за подаване са "
+"използвани всички подобни знаци"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:690 builtin/commit.c:723 builtin/commit.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "следното подаване не може да бъде открито: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:702 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(изчитане на съобщението за подаване от стандартния вход)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "съобщението за подаване не бе прочетено стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът със съобщението за подаване „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "съобщението за сливане MERGE_MSG не може да бъде прочетено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:734
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "съобщението за смачкване SQUASH_MSG не може да бъде прочетено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:785
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "шаблонът за подаване не може да бъде запазен"
+
+# FIXME
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Изглежда, че подавате сливане. Ако това не е така, изтрийте файла:\n"
+"\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"и опитайте отново.\n"
+
+# FIXME
+#: builtin/commit.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Изглежда, че извършвате отбрано подаване. Ако това не е така, изтрийте "
+"файла:\n"
+"\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"и опитайте отново.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Въведете съобщението за подаване на промените. Редовете, които започват\n"
+"с „%c“, ще бъдат пропуснати, а празно съобщение преустановява подаването.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:828
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Въведете съобщението за подаване на промените. Редовете, които започват\n"
+"с „%c“, също ще бъдат включени — може да ги изтриете вие. Празно \n"
+"съобщение преустановява подаването.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:848
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sАвтор:   %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:856
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sДата:    %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sПодаващ: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:881
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Индексът не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:938
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Грешка при изграждане на дърветата"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:953 builtin/tag.c:495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Подайте съобщението с някоя от опциите „-m“ или „-F“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"Опцията „--author '%s'“ не отговаря на форма̀та „Име <е-поща>“ и не съвпада с "
+"никой автор"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070 builtin/commit.c:1310
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправилна стойност за неследените файлове: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1107
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "Опциите „--long“ и „-z“ са несъвместими."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1137
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Опциите „--reset-author“ и „--author“ са несъвместими."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1146
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Няма какво да бъде поправено."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1149
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "В момента се извършва сливане, не можете да поправяте."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1151
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "В момента се извършва отбиране на подаване, не можете да поправяте."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Опциите „--squash“ и „--fixup“ са несъвместими."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Опциите „-c“, „-C“, „-F“ и „--fixup““ са несъвместими."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Опцията „-m“ е несъвместима с „-c“, „-C“, „-F“ и „--fixup“."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr ""
+"Опцията „--reset-author“ може да се използва само заедно с „-C“, „-c“ или\n"
+"„--amend“."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1191
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Опциите „--include“, „--only“, „--all“, „--interactive“ и „--patch“ са\n"
+"несъвместими."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1193
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Опциите „--include“ и „--only“ изискват аргументи."
+
+# FIXME bad message
+#: builtin/commit.c:1195
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr ""
+"Чудесно сте се сетили как да поправите съобщението на последното подаване "
+"при\n"
+"променен индекс. Споделете и с друг потребител трика с „git commit --amend -"
+"o“."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1197
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+"Зададени са изрични пътища без опциите „-i“ или „-o“. Приема се, че все едно "
+"сте\n"
+"ползвали опцията „--only“ с ПЪТища…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1209 builtin/tag.c:728
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Несъществуващ режим на изчистване „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Опцията „-a“ е несъвместима със задаването на пътища."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1324 builtin/commit.c:1604
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "кратка информация за състоянието"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1326 builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "информация за клоните"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1328 builtin/commit.c:1608 builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "формат на изхода за четене от програма"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1331 builtin/commit.c:1610
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "подробна информация за състоянието (стандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1334 builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "разделяне на елементите с нулевия знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1336 builtin/commit.c:1616 builtin/fast-export.c:980
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:983 builtin/tag.c:603
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "режим"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на неследените файлове. Възможните режими са „all“ (подробна\n"
+"информация), „normal“ (кратка информация), „no“ (без неследените файлове).\n"
+"Стандартният режим е: „all“."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "извеждане на игнорираните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1341 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "кога"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"игнориране на промените в подмодулите. Опция с незадължителна стойност — "
+"една от\n"
+"„all“ (всички), „dirty“ (тези с неподадени промени), „untracked“ (неследени)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1344
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "извеждане на неследените файлове в колони"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "току що създаденото подаване не може да бъде открито"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "току що създаденото подаване не може да бъде анализирано"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "несвързан връх „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (начално подаване)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "без информация след успешно подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "добавяне на разликата към шаблона за съобщението при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1577
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Опции за съобщението при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578 builtin/tag.c:601
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "взимане на съобщението от файл"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "автор"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "задаване на автор за подаването"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580 builtin/gc.c:275
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "дата"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "задаване на дата за подаването"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581 builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/notes.c:391
+#: builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/tag.c:599
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "съобщение"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "съобщение при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "преизползване и редактиране на съобщението от указаното подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "преизползване на съобщението от указаното подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"използване на автоматичното съобщение при смачкване за вкарване на "
+"указаното\n"
+"подаване в предното без следа"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1585
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"използване на автоматичното съобщение при смачкване за смачкване на "
+"указаното\n"
+"подаване в предното"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+"смяна на автора да съвпада с подаващия (използва се с „-C“/„-c“/„--amend“)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587 builtin/log.c:1191 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "добавяне на поле за подпис — „Signed-off-by:“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1588
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "използване на указания шаблонен файл"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1589
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "редактиране на подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "стандартно"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590 builtin/tag.c:604
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "кои празни знаци и #коментари да се махат от съобщенията"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "вмъкване на състоянието в шаблона за съобщението при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592 builtin/merge.c:225 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/tag.c:605
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "ИДЕНТИФИКАТОР_НА_КЛЮЧ"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1593 builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "подписване на подаването с GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Опции за избор на файлове при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "подаване на всички променени файлове"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "добавяне на указаните файлове към индекса за подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "интерактивно добавяне на файлове"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "интерактивно добавяне на промени"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "подаване само на указаните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "без изпълнение на куката преди подаване (pre-commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "отпечатване на това, което би било подадено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "поправяне на предишното подаване"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "без изпълнение на куката след презаписване (post-rewrite)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "позволяване на празни подавания"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1622
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "позволяване на подавания с празни съобщения"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1651
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "върховото подаване „HEAD“ не може да бъде прочетено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1690 builtin/merge.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "файлът не може да бъде прочетен: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1697
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Повреден файл за върха за сливането „MERGE_HEAD“ (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1704
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "режимът на сливане „MERGE_MODE“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1723
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "съобщението за подаване не може да бъде прочетено: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1734
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Неизвършване на подаване поради нередактирано съобщение.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1739
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Неизвършване на подаване поради празно съобщение.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1754 builtin/merge.c:851 builtin/merge.c:876
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "обектът за подаването не може да бъде записан"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1787
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Хранилището е обновено, но новият файл за индекс „new_index“\n"
+"не е записан. Проверете дали дискът не е препълнен или не сте\n"
+"превишили дисковата си квота. След това изпълнете „git reset HEAD“."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Местоположение на конфигурационния файл"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "използване на глобалния конфигурационен файл"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "използване на системния конфигурационен файл"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "използване на конфигурационния файл на хранилището"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "използване на зададения конфигурационен файл"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "идентификатор на BLOB"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr ""
+"изчитане на конфигурацията от BLOB с този идентификатор на съдържанието"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Действие"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "извеждане на стойност: ИМЕ [РЕГУЛЯРЕН_ИЗРАЗ_ЗА_СТОЙНОСТТА]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "извеждане на всички стойности: ключ [РЕГУЛЯРЕН_ИЗРАЗ_ЗА_СТОЙНОСТТА]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на стойностите за РЕГУЛЯРНия_ИЗРАЗ: РЕГУЛЯРЕН_ИЗРАЗ_ЗА_ИМЕТО "
+"[РЕГУЛЯРЕН_ИЗРАЗ_ЗА_СТОЙНОСТТА]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "извеждане на стойността за указания адрес: РАЗДЕЛ[.ПРОМЕНЛИВА] АДРЕС"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+"замяна на всички съвпадащи променливи: ИМЕ СТОЙНОСТ "
+"[РЕГУЛЯРЕН_ИЗРАЗ_ЗА_СТОЙНОСТТА]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "добавяне на нова променлива: ИМЕ СТОЙНОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "изтриване на променлива: ИМЕ [РЕГУЛЯРЕН_ИЗРАЗ_ЗА_СТОЙНОСТТА]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "изтриване на всички съвпадащи: ИМЕ [РЕГУЛЯРЕН_ИЗРАЗ_ЗА_СТОЙНОСТТА]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "преименуване на раздел: СТАРО_ИМЕ НОВО_ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "изтриване на раздел: ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "изброяване на всички"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "отваряне на редактор"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "извеждане на зададения цвят: номер [стандартно]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "извеждане на зададения цвят: номер [стандартният изход е терминал]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Вид"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "СТОЙНОСТТА е „true“ (истина) или „false“ (лъжа)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "СТОЙНОСТТА е цяло, десетично число"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "СТОЙНОСТТА е „--bool“ (булева) или „--int“ (десетично цяло число)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "СТОЙНОСТТА е път (до файл или директория)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Други"
+
+# FIXME NUL byte to null char, terminate -> razdelitel - da stane ednakvo
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "разделяне на стойностите с нулевия знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "при търсене да се уважат и директивите за включване"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:316
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "неразпозната стойност на стандартния цвят"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:457
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Това е потребителският ви конфигурационен файл за Git.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Проверете и разкоментирайте следните два реда:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:589
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "конфигурационният файл „%s“ не може да бъде създаден"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:55
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:65
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "извеждане на размерите на обектите във формат лесно четим от хора"
+
+# FIXME ... instead of *???
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [ОПЦИЯ…] УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ПОДАВАНЕ…"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [ОПЦИЯ…] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "не съществува анотиран етикет „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "в анотирания етикет „%s“ липсва вградено име"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "етикетът „%s“ тук е всъщност „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:452
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "Неправилно име на обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "„%s“ е неправилен обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "никой етикет не напасва точно „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "търсене за описание на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "търсенето приключи при „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Никой анотиран етикет не описва „%s“.\n"
+"Съществуват и неанотирани етикети. Пробвайте с опцията „--tags“."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Никой етикет не описва „%s“.\n"
+"Пробвайте с опцията „--always“ или създайте етикети."
+
+# FIXME - plural
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "претърсени са %lu подавания\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"открити са над %i етикета, изведени са последните %i,\n"
+"търсенето бе прекратено при „%s“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "откриване на етикета, който следва подаване"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на информация за трасиране на стратегията за търсене на "
+"стандартната грешка"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "използване на произволен указател"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "използване на всеки етикет — включително и неанотираните"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "винаги да се ползва дългият формат"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "проследяване само на първия родител"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "извеждане само на точните съвпадения"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "да се търси само в този БРОЙ последни етикети (стандартно: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "да се търси само измежду етикетите напасващи този ШАБЛОН"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "извеждане на съкратено име на обект като резервен вариант"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "МАРКЕР"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "добавяне на такъв МАРКЕР на работното дърво (стандартно е „-dirty“)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "Опциите „--long“ и „--abbrev=0“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Не са открити имена — нищо не може да бъде описано."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "опцията „--dirty“ е несъвместима с указател към подаване"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "„%s“: не е нито обикновен файл, нито символна връзка"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "неправилна опция: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:358
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Не е хранилище на Git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "зададен е неправилен обект „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "зададени са повече от 2 обекта: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:417
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "зададен е неподдържан обект „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:24
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [ОПЦИИ_ЗА_СПИСЪКА_С_ВЕРСИИ]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:979
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "Съобщение за напредъка на всеки такъв БРОЙ обекта"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:981
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "Как да се обработват подписаните етикети"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "Как да се обработват етикетите на филтрираните обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:987
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Запазване на маркерите в този файл"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Внасяне на маркерите от този файл"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:991
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Да се използва изкуствено име на човек при липса на задаващ етикета"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:993
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Извеждане на цялото дърво за всяко подаване"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:995
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Използване на маркер за завършване на потока"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Без извеждане на съдържанието на обектите BLOB"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "указател на версия"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Прилагане на указателя на версия към изнесените указатели"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "анонимизиране на извежданата информация"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:19
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [ОПЦИЯ…] [ХРАНИЛИЩЕ [УКАЗАТЕЛ…]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [ОПЦИЯ…] ГРУПА"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [ОПЦИЯ…] [(ХРАНИЛИЩЕ | ГРУПА)…]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "доставяне от всички отдалечени хранилища"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:91
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "добавяне към „.git/FETCH_HEAD“ вместо замяна"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "отдалечен път, където да се качи пакетът"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "принудително презаписване на локалния клон"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "доставяне от множество отдалечени хранилища"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "доставяне на всички етикети и принадлежащи обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "без доставянето на всички етикети „--no-tags“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "окастряне на клоните следящи вече несъществуващи отдалечени клони"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "при нужда"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:104
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "управление на рекурсивното доставяне на подмодулите"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "запазване на изтеглените пакети с обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:110
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "позволяване на обновяването на указателя „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "задълбочаване на историята на плитко хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "превръщане в пълно хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "директория"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "добавяне на това пред пътя на подмодула"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:121
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "стандартен режим на рекурсия"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "приемане на указатели, които обновяват „.git/shallow“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:124
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "карта с указатели"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:125
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "указване на картата с указатели за доставяне"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Указателят „HEAD“ в отдалеченото хранилище не може да бъде открит"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ липсва"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:460
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[актуализиран]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s → %s  (в текущия клон не може да се доставя)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:475 builtin/fetch.c:561
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[отхвърлен]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[обновяване на етикетите]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488 builtin/fetch.c:523 builtin/fetch.c:541
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (локалните указатели не могат да бъдат обновени)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:506
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[нов етикет]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:509
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[нов клон]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:512
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[нов указател]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "локален указател не може да бъде обновен"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "принудително обновяване"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:563
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(сливането не е тривиално)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:596 builtin/fetch.c:829
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:605
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "хранилището „%s“ не изпрати всички необходими обекти\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr ""
+"отхвърляне на върха „%s“, защото плитките хранилища не могат да бъдат "
+"обновявани"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:711 builtin/fetch.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "От %.*s\n"
+
+# FIXME - is the space necessary
+#: builtin/fetch.c:722
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"някои локални указатели не могат да бъдат обновени. Изпълнете командата\n"
+"„git remote prune %s“, за да премахнете остарелите клони, които\n"
+"предизвикват конфликта"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:774
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (обектът „%s“ ще се окаже извън клон)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:775
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (обектът „%s“ вече е извън клон)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:799
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[изтрит]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:800 builtin/remote.c:1060
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(нищо)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Не може да изтегляте в текущия клон „%s“ на хранилище, което не е голо"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:838
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "Стойността „%2$s“ за опцията „%1$s“ не е съвместима с „%3$s“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Опцията „%s“ се игнорира при „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Не се поддържа доставяне от „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1059
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Доставяне на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1061 builtin/remote.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се достави"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1079
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Не сте указали отдалечено хранилище. Задайте или адрес, или име\n"
+"на отдалечено хранилище, откъдето да се доставят новите версии."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Трябва да укажете име на етикет."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1144
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "опциите „--depth“ и „--unshallow“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1146
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "не можете да използвате опцията „--unshallow“ върху пълно хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1169
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "към „git fetch --all“ не можете да добавите аргумент — хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1171
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+"към „git fetch --all“ не можете да добавите аргумент — указател на версия"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "Няма нито отдалечено хранилище, нито група от хранилища на име „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1190
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Указването на група и указването на версия са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m СЪОБЩЕНИЕ] [--log[=БРОЙ] | --no-log] [--file ФАЙЛ]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:665 builtin/grep.c:698
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657 builtin/show-ref.c:178 builtin/tag.c:590
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "БРОЙ"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr ""
+"вмъкване на журнал състоящ се от не повече от БРОЙ записа от съкратения "
+"журнал"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "синоним на „--log“ (остаряло)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "ТЕКСТ"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "за начало на съобщението да се ползва ТЕКСТ"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "файл, от който да се чете"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:675
+msgid "unable to parse format"
+msgstr "форматът не може да бъде анализиран"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1063
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [ОПЦИЯ…] [ШАБЛОН]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1078
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "цитиране подходящо за командни интерпретатори на обвивката"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1080
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "цитиране подходящо за perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1082
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "цитиране подходящо за python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1084
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "цитиране подходящо за tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1087
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "извеждане само на този БРОЙ напаснати указатели"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088 builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "ФОРМАТ"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "ФОРМАТ за изхода"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1089
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "ключ"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1090
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "име на полето, по което да е подредбата"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:147 builtin/prune.c:137
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Проверка на връзката"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:540
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Проверка на директориите с обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:603
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [ОПЦИЯ…] [ОБЕКТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:609
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "показване на недостижимите обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:610
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "показване на обектите извън клоните"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:611
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "показване на етикетите"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:612
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "показване на кореновите възли"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "задаване на обекти от индекса да са коренови"
+
+# FIXME bad message
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "проследяване на указателите от журнала като глави (стандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "допълнително да се проверяват пакетите и алтернативните обекти"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "по-строги проверки"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "запазване на обектите извън клоните в директорията „.git/lost-found“"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619 builtin/prune.c:108
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "показване на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:669
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Проверка на обектите"
+
+# FIXME plural with ...
+#: builtin/gc.c:24
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправилна стойност за настройката „gc.pruneexpire“: %s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "прекалено дълга директория с обекти „%.*s“"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:276
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "окастряне на обектите, към които нищо не сочи"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:278
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "изчерпателно търсене на боклука (за сметка на повече време работа)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:279
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "включване на автоматичното събиране на боклука (auto-gc)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:280
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr ""
+"изрично стартиране на събирането на боклука, дори и ако вече работи друго "
+"събиране"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Автоматично пакетиране на заден фон на хранилището за по-добра "
+"производителност.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:323
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Автоматично пакетиране на хранилището за по-добра производителност.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Вижте ръководството за повече информация как да изпълните „git help gc“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:342
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"събирането на боклука вече е стартирано на машината „%s“ с идентификатор на\n"
+"процеса: %<PRIuMAX> (ако сте сигурни, че това не е вярно, това използвайте\n"
+"опцията „--force“)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:364
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Има прекалено много недостижими, непакетирани обекти.\n"
+"Използвайте „git prune“, за да ги окастрите."
+
+# FIXME plural ... options
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [ОПЦИЯ…] [-e] ШАБЛОН [ВЕРСИЯ…] [[--] ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: неуспешно създаване на нишка: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:441 builtin/grep.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "дървото не може да бъде прочетено (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "не може да се изпълни „grep“ от обект от вида %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:547
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "опцията „%c“ очаква число за аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:638
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "търсене в индекса, а не в работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:640
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "търсене и във файловете, които не са под управлението на git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "търсене и в следените, и в неследените файлове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "игнориране на файловете указани в „.gitignore“"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "извеждане на редовете, които не съвпадат"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "без значение на регистъра на буквите (главни/малки)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "напасване на шаблоните само по границите на думите"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "обработване на двоичните файлове като текстови"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "прескачане на двоичните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr ""
+"обработване на двоичните файлове чрез филтри за преобразуване към текст"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "навлизане максимално на тази ДЪЛБОЧИНА в дървото"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "разширени регулярни изрази по POSIX"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "основни регулярни изрази по POSIX (стандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "шаблоните са дословни низове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "регулярни изрази на Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "извеждане на номерата на редовете"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "без извеждане на имената на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "извеждане на имената на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на относителните имена на файловете спрямо основната директория на "
+"хранилището"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "извеждане само на имената на файловете без напасващите редове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "синоним на „--files-with-matches“"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане само на имената на файловете, които не съдържат ред, напасващ на "
+"шаблона"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "извеждане на нулевия знак „NUL“ след всяко име на файл"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "извеждане на броя на съвпаденията вместо напасващите редове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "оцветяване на напасванията"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "извеждане на празен ред между напасванията от различни файлове"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на името на файла само веднъж за всички напасвания от този файл"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "извеждане на такъв БРОЙ редове преди и след напасванията"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "извеждане на такъв БРОЙ редове преди напасванията"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "извеждане на такъв БРОЙ редове след напасванията"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "синоним на „-C БРОЙ“"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "извеждане на ред с името на функцията, в която е напаснат шаблона"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "извеждане на обхващащата функция"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "изчитане на шаблоните от файл"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "напасване на ШАБЛОН"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "комбиниране на шаблоните указани с опцията „-e“"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:729
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr ""
+"без извеждане на стандартния изход. Изходният код указва наличието на "
+"напасване"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на редове само от файловете, които напасват на всички шаблони"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "извеждане на дървото за анализ на регулярния израз"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "програма за преглед по страници"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "извеждане на съвпадащите файлове в програма за преглед по страници"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr ""
+"позволяване на стартирането на grep(1) (текущият компилат пренебрегва тази "
+"опция)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "извеждане на начина на употреба на командата"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:808
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "липсва шаблон."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"опцията „--open-files-in-pager“ е съвместима само с търсене в работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:892
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "опциите „--cached“ и „--untracked“ са несъвместими с „--no-index“."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+"опциите „--cached“ и „--untracked“ са несъвместими с търсене във версии."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:900
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+"опциите „--(no-)exclude-standard“ са несъвместими с търсене по следени "
+"файлове."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:908
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "опцията „--cached“ е несъвместима със задаване на дърво."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t ВИД] [-w] [--path=ФАЙЛ | --no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"ФАЙЛ…"
+
+# FIXME - list of paths or path...
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:83
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < ПЪТ…"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94 builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "ВИД"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "вид на обекта"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:95
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "записване на обекта в базата от данни за обектите"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "изчитане на обекта от стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "запазване на файла както е — без филтри"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"създаване и хеширане на произволни данни за повредени обекти за трасиране на "
+"Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:101
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "обработване на файла все едно е с този път"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "показване на всички налични команди"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "показване на списък с пътеводители"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "показване на страница от ръководството"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "показване на страница от ръководството в уеб браузър"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "показване на информационна страница"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [КОМАНДА]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "непознат формат на помощта „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Неуспешно стартиране на „emacsclient“."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Версията на „emacsclient“ не може да се анализира."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "Прекалено стара версия на „emacsclient“ — %d (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:158 builtin/help.c:167 builtin/help.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "неуспешно изпълнение на „%s“: %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"„%s“: път към неподдържана програма за преглед на\n"
+" ръководството. Вместо нея пробвайте „man.<tool>.cmd“."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"„%s“: команда за поддържана програма за преглед на\n"
+" ръководството. Вместо нея пробвайте „man.<tool>.path“."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "„%s“: непозната програма за преглед на ръководството."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:371
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "никоя програма за преглед на ръководство не успя да обработи заявката"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:379
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr ""
+"никоя програма за преглед на информационните страници не успя да обработи "
+"заявката"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Указване на атрибути към път"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:429
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Ежедневието в Git в рамките на 20-ина команди"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:430
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Речник с термините на Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:431
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Указване на неследени файлове, които да бъдат нарочно пренебрегвани"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Дефиниране на свойствата на подмодулите"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:433
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Указване на версии и интервали в Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:434
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Въвеждащ урок за Git (версии поне 1.5.1)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:435
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Общ преглед на препоръчваните начини за работа с Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:447
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Популярните пътеводители в Git са:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:468 builtin/help.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "употреба: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "„git %s“ е синоним на „%s“"
+
+# FIXME merge with next?
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "неправилен вид на обекта „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "очакваният обект „%s“ не бе получен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "неправилен вид на обекта „%s“: очакваше се „%s“, а бе получен „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "не може да се запълни %d байт"
+msgstr[1] "не може да се запълнят %d байта"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:275
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "неочакван край на файл"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:276
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "грешка при четене на входните данни"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:288
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "използвани са повече от наличните байтове"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "пакетният файл е прекалено голям за текущата стойност на типа „off_t“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "пакетният файл „%s“ не може да бъде създаден"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "пакетният файл „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:330
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "несъответствие в подписа към пакетния файл"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "не се поддържа пакетиране вeрсия „%<PRIu32>“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "повреден обект в пакетния файл при отместване %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "декомпресирането с „inflate“ върна %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:520
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "стойността на отместването за обекта-разлика води до препълване"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:528
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "стойността на отместването за обекта-разлика е извън диапазона"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "непознат вид обект %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:567
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "пакетният файл не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "неочакван край на файл, липсва %lu байт"
+msgstr[1] "неочакван край на файл, липсват %lu байта"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:595
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "сериозна грешка при декомпресиране с „inflate“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:686 builtin/index-pack.c:692 builtin/index-pack.c:715
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr ""
+"СЪВПАДЕНИЕ НА СТОЙНОСТИТЕ ЗА СУМИТЕ ЗА SHA1: „%s“ НА ДВА РАЗЛИЧНИ ОБЕКТА!"
+
+# FIXME merge with next?
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:689 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "обектът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "съществуващият обект „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "неправилен обект BLOB „%s“"
+
+# FIXME perhaps invalid object
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:783
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "неправилен обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:787
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Грешка в обекта"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Някои обекти, наследници на „%s“, не могат да бъдат достигнати"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:861 builtin/index-pack.c:890
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "разликата не може да бъде приложена"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Получаване на обекти"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Индексиране на обекти"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1081
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "пакетният файл е повреден (нееднакви суми по SHA1)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1086
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "не може да се получи информация за пакетния файл с „fstat“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1089
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "в края на пакетния файл има повредени данни"
+
+# FIXME WTF message
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1100
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr ""
+"фатална грешка във функцията „parse_pack_objects“. Това е грешка в Git, "
+"докладвайте я на разработчиците, като пратите е-писмо на адрес: „git@vger."
+"kernel.org“."
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1123
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Откриване на съответните разлики"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1133
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "не може да се създаде нишка: %s"
+
+# FIXME WTF message
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1175
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr ""
+"фатална грешка във функцията „conclude_pack“. Това е грешка в Git, "
+"докладвайте я на разработчиците, като пратите е-писмо на адрес: „git@vger."
+"kernel.org“."
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "действието завърши с %d локални обекта"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr ""
+"Неочаквана последваща сума за грешки за „%s“ (причината може да е грешка в "
+"диска)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1195
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "в пакета има %d ненапасваща разлика"
+msgstr[1] "в пакета има %d ненапасващи разлики"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "добавеният обект не може да се компресира с „deflate“: %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "локалният обект „%s“ е повреден"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1322
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "грешка при затварянето на пакетния файл"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"грешка при записването на файла „%s“, осигуряващ запазване на директория"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1343
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"грешка при затварянето на записания файл „%s“, осигуряващ запазване на "
+"директория"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1356
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "пакетният файл не може да бъде запазен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "файлът за индекса не може да бъде съхранен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "зададена е неправилна версия пакетиране: „pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "зададен е неправилен брой нишки: %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1410 builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "липсва поддръжка за нишки. „%s“ ще се пренебрегне"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Съществуващият пакетен файл „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Съществуващият индекс за пакетния файл „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "%d обект не е разлика"
+msgstr[1] "%d обекта не са разлика"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "дължината на веригата е %d: %lu обект"
+msgstr[1] "дължината на веригата е %d: %lu обекта"
+
+# FIXME it is not the cwd it is the previous cwd
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1553
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Процесът не може да се върне към предишната работна директория"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1601 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1616 builtin/index-pack.c:1620
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "неправилна стойност „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1634
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "опцията „--fix-thin“ изисква „--stdin“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638 builtin/index-pack.c:1647
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "името на пакетния файл „%s“ не завършва на „.pack“"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1655
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "опцията „--verify“ изисква име на пакетен файл"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Не могат да се дадат права за запис в директорията „%s“ на групата"
+
+# FIXME - bad wording insanely
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr "твърде дълго име на шаблон: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "не може да се получи информация чрез „stat“ за директорията „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "не може да се получи информация чрез „stat“ за шаблона „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "директорията „%s“ не може да бъде отворена"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "връзката „%s“ не може да бъде прочетена"
+
+# FIXME - bad wording insanely
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr "твърде дълго име на символна връзка: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "не може да се създаде символна връзка „%s“ в „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се копира в „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "игнориране на шаблона „%s“"
+
+# FIXME bad word insanely
+#: builtin/init-db.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr "твърде дълъг път към шаблон: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "директорията с шаблоните не е открита: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"шаблоните с неправилен номер на формата %d няма да бъдат копирани от „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr "твърде дълго име на директория на Git: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:331 builtin/init-db.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "Директорията „%s“ вече съществува"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "файлове от вид %d не се поддържат"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се премести в „%s“"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:426
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s хранилище на Git в „%s%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Наново инициализирано, съществуващо"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Инициализирано празно"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:428
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr ", споделено"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=ДИРЕКТОРИЯ_С_ШАБЛОНИ] [--"
+"shared[=ПРАВА]] [ДИРЕКТОРИЯ]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:498
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "права"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:499
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr ""
+"указване, че хранилището на Git ще бъде споделено от повече от един "
+"потребител"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:501 builtin/prune-packed.c:57 builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "без извеждане на информация"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533 builtin/init-db.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "директорията „%s“ не може да бъде създадена"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "не може да се влезе в директорията „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:563
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (или --work-tree=ДИРЕКТОРИЯ) изисква указването на %s (или --git-"
+"dir=ДИРЕКТОРИЯ)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Работното дърво в „%s“ е недостъпно"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] "
+"[<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer ЛЕКСЕМА[(=|:)СТОЙНОСТ])…] "
+"[ФАЙЛ…]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:25
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "изчистване на празните епилози"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "епилог"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "епилог(зи) за добавяне"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [ОПЦИЯ…] [ДИАПАЗОН_НА_ВЕРСИИТЕ] [[--] ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [ОПЦИЯ…] ОБЕКТ…"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "неправилна опция „--decorate“: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "без извеждане на разликите"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "извеждане на изходния код"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:129
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr ""
+"Използване на файл за съответствията на имената и адресите на е-поща („."
+"mailmap“)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:130
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "настройки на форма̀та на извежданата информация"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:133
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+"Обработване само на редовете във файла в интервала от n до m включително. "
+"Броенето започва от 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Резултат: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: повреден файл"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:472 builtin/log.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Обектът не може да бъде прочетен: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Неизвестен вид: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:689
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "не е зададена стойност на „format.headers“"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:773
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "прекалено дълго име на директорията за изходната информация"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Файлът-кръпка „%s“ не може да бъде отворен"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:803
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Трябва да зададете точно един диапазон."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:811
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Не е диапазон."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:919
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "Придружаващото писмо трябва да е форматирано като е-писмо"
+
+# FIXME bad wording insanely
+#: builtin/log.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "неправилен формат на заглавната част за отговор „in-reply-to“: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1026
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [ОПЦИЯ…] [ОТ | ДИАПАЗОН_НА_ВЕРСИИТЕ]"
+
+# FIXME message WTF why ask it
+#: builtin/log.c:1071
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Можете да укажете максимум една директория за изход."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "номерация „[PATCH n/m]“ дори и при единствена кръпка"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "номерация „[PATCH]“ дори и при множество кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "извеждане на кръпките на стандартния изход"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1195
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "създаване на придружаващо писмо"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "проста числова последователност за имената на файловете-кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "ЗНАЦИ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "използване на тези ЗНАЦИ за суфикс вместо „.patch“"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1201
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "номерирането на кръпките да започва от този БРОЙ, а не с 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "отбелязване, че това е N-тата поредна редакция на поредицата от кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Използване на този „[ПРЕФИКС]“ вместо „[PATCH]“"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "запазване на изходните файлове в тази ДИРЕКТОРИЯ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "без добавяне/махане на префикса „[PATCH]“"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "без извеждане на разлики между двоични файлове"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "да не се включват кръпки, които присъстват в следения клон"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1218
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане във формат за кръпки, а на в стандартния (кръпка и статистика)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Опции при изпращане"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "ЗАГЛАВНА_ЧАСТ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "добавяне на тази ЗАГЛАВНА_ЧАСТ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223 builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "Е-ПОЩА"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "добавяне на заглавна част „To:“ (до)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "добавяне на заглавна част „Cc:“ (и до)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1227
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ИДЕНТИЧНОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1228
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"задаване на адреса в заглавната част „From“ да е тази ИДЕНТИЧНОСТ. Ако не е "
+"зададена такава, се взима адреса на подаващия"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1230
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "ИДЕНТИФИКАТОР_НА_СЪОБЩЕНИЕ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr ""
+"първото съобщение да е в отговор на е-писмото с този "
+"ИДЕНТИФИКАТОР_НА_СЪОБЩЕНИЕ"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232 builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "граница"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "прикрепяне на кръпката"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "включване на кръпката в текста на писмата"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1240
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr ""
+"използване на нишки за съобщенията. Стилът е „shallow“ (плитък) или "
+"„deep“ (дълбок)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1242
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "подпис"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1243
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "добавяне на поле за подпис"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1245
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "добавяне на подпис от файл"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1246
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "без извеждане на имената на кръпките"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "грешна идентичност: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1335
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "опциите „-n“ и „-k“ са несъвместими."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1337
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "опциите „--subject-prefix“ и „-k“ са несъвместими."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1345
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "опцията „--name-only“ е несъвместима с генерирането на кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1347
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "опцията „--name-status“ е несъвместима с генерирането на кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1349
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "опцията „--check“ е несъвместима с генерирането на кръпки"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1372
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr ""
+"изходът може да или стандартният, или да е в директория, но не и двете."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1374
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Директорията „%s“ не може да бъде създадена"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1472
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ с подпис не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1535
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Изходните файлове не могат да бъдат създадени"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1583
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [ОТДАЛЕЧЕН_КЛОН [ВРЪХ [ПРЕДЕЛ]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1638
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Следеният отдалечен клон не бе открит, затова изрично задайте "
+"ОТДАЛЕЧЕН_КЛОН.\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1651 builtin/log.c:1653 builtin/log.c:1665
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Непознато подаване „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:358
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [ОПЦИЯ…] [ФАЙЛ…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:415
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "извеждане на състоянието на файловете с еднобуквени флагове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:417
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "малки букви за файловете, които да се счетат за непроменени"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:419
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "извеждане на кешираните файлове (стандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:421
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на изтритите файлове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:423
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на променените файлове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на другите файлове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на игнорираните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:430
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на името на обекта за съдържанието на индекса"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:432
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "извеждане на файловете, които трябва да бъдат изтрити"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:434
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "извеждане само на името на другите (неследените) директории"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "без извеждане на празните директории"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:440
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "извеждане на неслетите файлове"
+
+# FIXME not clear about what this option does
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "извеждане на информацията за отмяна на разрешените подавания"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "прескачане на файловете напасващи ШАБЛОНа"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:447
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "шаблоните за игнориране да се прочетат от този ФАЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr ""
+"изчитане на допълнителните шаблони за игнориране по директория от този ФАЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:452
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "добавяне на стандартно игнорираните от Git файлове"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "пътищата да са относителни спрямо основната директория на проекта"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:458
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "грешка, ако някой от тези ФАЙЛове не е в индекса"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"считане, че пътищата изтрити след УКАЗАТЕЛя_КЪМ_ДЪРВО все още съществуват"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "извеждане на информацията за изчистване на грешки"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [ОПЦИЯ…] УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО [ПЪТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "извеждане само на дървета"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "рекурсивно обхождане поддърветата"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:131
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "извеждане на дърветата при рекурсивното обхождане"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "разделяне на обектите с нулевия знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "извеждане на размера на обекта"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:137 builtin/ls-tree.c:139
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "извеждане само имената на файловете"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "използване на пълните имена на пътищата"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:144
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на цялото дърво, не само на текущата директория (включва опцията "
+"„--full-name“)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [ОПЦИЯ…] [ПОДАВАНЕ…]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [ОПЦИЯ…] СЪОБЩЕНИЕ HEAD ПОДАВАНЕ"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+# FIXME -m rather than just m
+#: builtin/merge.c:100
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "опцията „-m“ изисква стойност"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Няма такава стратегия за сливане: „%s“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Наличните стратегии са:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Допълнителните стратегии са:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:193
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "без извеждане на статистиката след завършване на сливане"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "извеждане на статистиката след завършване на сливане"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(синоним на „--stat“)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:199
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"добавяне (на максимум такъв БРОЙ) записи от съкратения журнал в съобщението "
+"за подаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "създаване на едно подаване вместо извършване на сливане"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "извършване на подаване при успешно сливане (стандартно действие)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "редактиране на съобщението преди подаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "позволяване на тривиално сливане (стандартно действие)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "преустановяване, ако сливането не е тривиално"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Проверка, че именуваното подаване е с правилен подпис на GPG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214 builtin/notes.c:753 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "стратегия"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "стратегия за сливане, която да се ползва"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "опция=стойност"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "опция за избраната стратегия за сливане"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "съобщение при подаването със сливане (при нетривиални сливания)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:223
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "преустановяване на текущото сливане"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:251
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "не може да се извърши скатаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:256
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно скатаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "неправилен обект: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:280 builtin/merge.c:297
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно прочитане на обект-дърво"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:327
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (няма какво да се смачка)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Подаване със смачкване — указателят „HEAD“ няма да бъде обновен\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:372
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Записване на съобщението за смачкване SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:374
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Завършване на съобщението за смачкване SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Липсва съобщение при подаване — указателят „HEAD“ няма да бъде обновен\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:447
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "„%s“ не сочи към подаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:559
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Неправилен низ за настройката „branch.%s.mergeoptions“: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:654
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "Командата „git write-tree“ не успя да запише обект-дърво"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:678
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Поддържа се само сливане на точно две истории."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:692
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Непозната опция за рекурсивното сливане „merge-recursive“: „-X%s“"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:705
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде записан"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "От „%s“ не може да се чете"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Сливането няма да бъде подадено. За завършването му и подаването му "
+"използвайте командата „git commit“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"В съобщението при подаване добавете информация за причината за\n"
+"сливането, особено ако сливате обновен отдалечен клон в тематичен клон.\n"
+"\n"
+"Редовете, които започват с „%c“ ще бъдат пропуснати, а празно съобщение\n"
+"преустановява подаването.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:833
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Празно съобщение при подаване."
+
+# FIXME - WTF is wonderful.
+#: builtin/merge.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Първият етап на тривиалното сливане завърши.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr "Неуспешно сливане — коригирайте конфликтите и подайте резултата.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "„%s“ не е подаване"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:957
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Няма текущ клон."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:959
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Текущият клон не следи никой."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Текущият клон не следи никой клон."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:966
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Никой клон не следи клона „%s“ от хранилището „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1122
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr ""
+"Не може да преустановите сливане, защото в момента не се извършва такова "
+"(липсва указател „MERGE_HEAD“)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1138
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Не сте завършили сливане. (Указателят „MERGE_HEAD“ съществува).\n"
+"Подайте промените си, преди да започнете ново сливане."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Не сте завършили сливане. (Указателят „MERGE_HEAD“ съществува)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Не сте завършили отбиране на подаване (указателят „CHERRY_PICK_HEAD“\n"
+"съществува). Подайте промените си, преди да започнете ново сливане."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+"Не сте завършили отбиране на подаване (указателят „CHERRY_PICK_HEAD“\n"
+"съществува)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Опцията „--squash“ е несъвместима с „--no-ff“."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr ""
+"Не е указано подаване и настройката „merge.defaultToUpstream“ не е зададена."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1198
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Можете да слеете точно едно подаване във връх без история"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1201
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Подаване със смачкване във връх без история все още не се поддържа"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1203
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Понеже върхът е без история, всички сливания са тривиални, не може да се "
+"извърши нетривиално сливане изисквано от опцията „--no-ff“"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "„%s“ — не е нещо, което може да се слее"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Подаването „%s“ е с недоверен подпис от GPG, който твърди, че е на „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Подаването „%s“ е с неправилен подпис от GPG, който твърди, че е на „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ е без подпис от GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Подаването „%s“ е с коректен подпис от GPG на „%s“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1349
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Обновяване „%s..%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1388
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Проба с най-тривиалното сливане в рамките на индекса…\n"
+
+# FIXME WTF message
+#: builtin/merge.c:1395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Неуспешно сливане.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1427
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr ""
+"Не може да се извърши тривиално сливане, преустановяване на действието."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1450 builtin/merge.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Привеждане на дървото към първоначалното…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1454
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Пробване със стратегията за сливане „%s“…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1520
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Никоя стратегия за сливане не може да извърши сливането.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Неуспешно сливане със стратегия „%s“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ползва се стратегията „%s“, която ще подготви дървото за коригиране на "
+"ръка.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Автоматичното сливане завърши успешно. Самото подаване не е извършено, "
+"защото бе зададена опцията „--no-commit“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] ПОДАВАНЕ ПОДАВАНЕ…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus ПОДАВАНЕ…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent ПОДАВАНЕ…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor ПОДАВАНЕ_1 ПОДАВАНЕ_2"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point УКАЗАТЕЛ [ПОДАВАНЕ]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "извеждане на всички общи предшественици"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr ""
+"откриване на предшествениците за еднократно сливане на множество истории"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "извеждане на недостижимите от другите указатели"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "ПОДАВАНЕ_1 предшественик ли е на ПОДАВАНЕ_2?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "откриване къде ПОДАВАНЕто се е отклонило от историята на УКАЗАТЕЛя"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [ОПЦИЯ…] [-L ИМЕ_1 [-L ОРИГИНАЛ [-L ИМЕ_2]]] ФАЙЛ_1 ОРИГ_ФАЙЛ "
+"ФАЙЛ_2"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "извеждане на резултатите на стандартния изход"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "сливане на базата на „diff3“"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "при конфликти да се ползва локалната версия"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "при конфликти да се ползва чуждата версия"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "при конфликти да се ползва обединена версия"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "при конфликти да се ползва маркер с такъв БРОЙ знаци"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "без предупреждения при конфликти"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "задаване на етикети за ФАЙЛ_1/ОРИГИНАЛ/ФАЙЛ_2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:64
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:150
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "входните записи са разделени с нулевия знак „NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:151 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "разрешаване на липсващи обекти"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "разрешаване на създаването на повече от едно дърво"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [ОПЦИЯ…] ОБЕКТ… ЦЕЛ"
+
+# FIXME message<
+#: builtin/mv.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Директорията „%s“ е в индекса, но не е подмодул"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:71
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"За да продължите, или вкарайте промените по файла „.gitmodules“ в индекса,\n"
+"или ги скатайте"
+
+# FIXME message
+#: builtin/mv.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "„%.*s“ вече е в индекса"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:111
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "принудително преместване/преименуване дори целта да съществува"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "прескачане на грешките при преместване/преименуване"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "целта „%s“ съществува и не е директория"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Проверка на преименуването на обект от „%s“ на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:166
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "неправилен обект"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:169
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "директория не може да се премести в себе си"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:172
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "директория не може да се премести върху файл"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "първоначалната директория е празна"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:206
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "не е под контрола на Git"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:209
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "целта съществува"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "презаписване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:220
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Презаписването е невъзможно"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:223
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "множество източници за една цел"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:225
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "целевата директория не съществува"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, обект: „%s“, цел: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Преименуване на „%s“ на „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:256 builtin/remote.c:728 builtin/repack.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно преименуване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:255
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [ОПЦИЯ…] ПОДАВАНЕ…"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:256
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [ОПЦИЯ…] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:257
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [ОПЦИЯ…] --stdin"
+
+# FIXME sha
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:309
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "извеждане само на имената (без сумите по SHA1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:310
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "използване само на етикетите за именуване на подаванията"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "използване само на шаблоните напасващи на ШАБЛОНа"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на всички подавания, които могат да бъдат достигнати от всички "
+"указатели"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "четене от стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "да се извеждат и недефинираните имена (стандартна стойност на опцията)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "извеждане на идентификаторите на обекти-етикети (за вътрешни нужди)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА] [list [ОБЕКТ]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m СЪОБЩЕНИЕ "
+"| -F ФАЙЛ | (-c | -C) ОБЕКТ] [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА] copy [-f] ОБЕКТ_ИЗТОЧНИК ОБЕКТ_ЦЕЛ"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА] append [--allow-empty] [-m СЪОБЩЕНИЕ | "
+"-F ФАЙЛ | (-c | -C) ОБЕКТ] [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА] edit [--allow-empty] [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА] show [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА] merge [-v | -q] [-s СТРАТЕГИЯ] "
+"УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА] remove [ОБЕКТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [ОБЕКТ]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [ОПЦИЯ…] [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [ОПЦИЯ…] ОБЕКТ_ИЗТОЧНИК ОБЕКТ_ЦЕЛ"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [ОБЕКТ_ИЗТОЧНИК ОБЕКТ_ЦЕЛ]…"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [ОПЦИЯ…] [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [ОПЦИЯ…] УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [ОБЕКТ]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "действието „show“ не може да се изпълни за обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:150
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "изведената информация от действието „show“ не може да се прочете"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "действието „show“ не може да се завърши за обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:173 builtin/tag.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде създаден"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:192
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Задайте съдържанието на бележката с някоя от опциите „-m“ или „-F“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:201
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "обектът-бележка не може да бъде записан"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Съдържанието на бележката е във файла „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:231 builtin/tag.c:693
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:233 builtin/tag.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "файлът „%s“ не може да бъде отворен или прочетен"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/notes.c:303 builtin/notes.c:305
+#: builtin/notes.c:365 builtin/notes.c:420 builtin/notes.c:506
+#: builtin/notes.c:511 builtin/notes.c:589 builtin/notes.c:652
+#: builtin/notes.c:854 builtin/tag.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Не може да се открие към какво сочи „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Обектът „%s“ не може да бъде прочетен."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Съдържанието на бележка не може да се вземе от обект, който не е BLOB: „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Даденият входен ред е с неправилен формат: „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Бележката не може да се копира от „%s“ към „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:358 builtin/notes.c:413 builtin/notes.c:489
+#: builtin/notes.c:501 builtin/notes.c:577 builtin/notes.c:645
+#: builtin/notes.c:919
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "прекалено много параметри"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Няма бележки за обекта „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:392 builtin/notes.c:555
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "низ, който е съдържанието на бележката"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:395 builtin/notes.c:558
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "файл със съдържанието на бележката"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:397 builtin/notes.c:400 builtin/notes.c:560
+#: builtin/notes.c:563 builtin/tag.c:628
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "обект"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "преизползване и редактиране на указания обект-бележка"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:401 builtin/notes.c:564
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "преизползване на указания обект-бележка"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:567
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "приемане и на празни бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:476
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "замяна на съществуващите бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:430
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Не може да се добави бележка, защото такава вече съществува за обекта „%s“. "
+"Използвайте опцията „-f“, за да презапишете съществуващи бележки."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:524
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Презаписване на съществуващите бележки за обекта „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:617 builtin/notes.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Изтриване на бележката за обекта „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:477
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "изчитане на обектите от стандартния вход"
+
+# FIXME imporve message
+#: builtin/notes.c:479
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"зареждане на настройките за КОМАНДАта, която презаписва подавания (включва "
+"опцията „--stdin“)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:497
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "прекалено малко параметри"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Не може да се копира бележка, защото такава вече съществува за обекта „%s“. "
+"Използвайте опцията „-f“, за да презапишете съществуващи бележки."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr ""
+"Не може да се копира бележка, която не съществува — няма бележки за обекта-"
+"източник „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Задаването на опциите „-m“/„-F“/„-c“/„-C“ с командата „edit“ вече е "
+"остаряло.\n"
+"Вместо това ги използвайте с командата „add“: „git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-"
+"C“.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:750
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Общи опции"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:752
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Опции при сливане"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:754
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"коригиране на конфликтите при сливане на бележките чрез тази стратегия — "
+"„manual“ (ръчно), „ours“ (вашата версия), „theirs“ (чуждата версия), "
+"„union“ (обединяване), „cat_sort_uniq“ (обединяване, подреждане, уникални "
+"резултати)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:756
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Подаване на неслети бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:758
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "завършване на сливането чрез подаване на неслети бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:760
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Преустановяване на корекцията при сливането на бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:762
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "преустановяване на сливането на бележки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "Няма бележки за обекта „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "опитът за изтриването на несъществуваща бележка не се счита за грешка"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:872
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "изчитане на имената на обектите от стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:953
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:954
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "да се използва бележката сочена от този УКАЗАТЕЛ_ЗА_БЕЛЕЖКА"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:989 builtin/remote.c:1621
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Непозната подкоманда: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [ОПЦИЯ…] [< СПИСЪК_С_ВЕРСИИ | < СПИСЪК_С_ОБЕКТИ]"
+
+# FIXME [options] vs [options...]
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [ОПЦИЯ…] ПРЕФИКС_НА_ИМЕТО [< СПИСЪК_С_ВЕРСИИ | < "
+"СПИСЪК_С_ОБЕКТИ]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "грешка при декомпресиране с „deflate“ (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:771
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Записване на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1013
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+"изключване на записването на битовата маска, защото някои обекти няма да се "
+"пакетират"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2173
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Компресиране на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2570
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "неподдържана версия на индекса „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2574
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "неправилна версия на индекса „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "опцията „%s“ не притежава отрицателна версия"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr "неразпозната стойност „%s“ за опцията „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "без извеждане на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "извеждане на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "извеждане на напредъка във фазата на запазване на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2628
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr ""
+"същото действие като опцията „--all-progress“ при извеждането на напредъка"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "ВЕРСИЯ[,ОТМЕСТВАНЕ]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2630
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"запазване на индекса на пакетните файлове във форма̀та с указаната версия"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "максимален размер на всеки пакетен файл"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2635
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "игнориране на обектите заети от други хранилища на обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2637
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "игнориране на пакетираните обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "ограничаване на прозореца за пакетиране по брой обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2641
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+"ограничаване на прозореца за пакетиране и по памет освен по брой обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2643
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+"максимална дължина на веригата от разлики, която е позволена в пакетния файл"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "преизползване на съществуващите разлики"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "преизползване на съществуващите обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "използване на обекти „OFS_DELTA“"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+"стартиране на нишки за претърсване на най-добрите съвпадения на разликите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2653
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "без създаване на празен пакетен файл"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2655
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "изчитане на версиите от стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2657
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "ограничаване до все още непакетираните обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr ""
+"включване на всички обекти, които могат да се достигнат от произволен "
+"указател"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2663
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "включване и на обектите сочени от записите в журнала на указателите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "включване и на обектите сочени от индекса"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2669
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "извеждане на пакета на стандартния изход"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2671
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr ""
+"включване и на обектите-етикети, които сочат към обектите, които ще бъдат "
+"пакетирани"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2673
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "запазване на недостижимите обекти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2674 parse-options.h:140
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "ВРЕМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2675
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "разпакетиране на недостижимите обекти, които са по-нови от това ВРЕМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2678
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "създаване на съкратени пакети"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2680
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "пакетиране подходящо за плитко доставяне"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2682
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "игнориране на пакетите, които са придружени от файл „.keep“"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2684
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "ниво на компресиране при пакетиране"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2686
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на всички родители — дори и тези, които нормално са скрити при "
+"присажданията"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2688
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+"използване на съществуващи индекси на база битови маски за ускоряване на "
+"преброяването на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2690
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr ""
+"запазване и на индекс на база побитова маска, заедно с индекса за пакета"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2781
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Преброяване на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "пакетиране на всичко"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "окастряне на недостижимите указатели (стандартно)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Изтриване на повтарящите се обекти"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire ВРЕМЕ] [--] [ВРЪХ…]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "само извеждане без действително окастряне"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "информация за окастрените обекти"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:110
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "окастряне на обектите по-стари от това ВРЕМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [ОПЦИЯ…] [ХРАНИЛИЩЕ [УКАЗАТЕЛ_НА_ВЕРСИЯ…]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:85
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "съкращение за етикет без ЕТИКЕТ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:95
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "опцията „--delete“ приема за цел само прости имена на указатели"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"За да включите тази опция за постоянно, вижте документацията за настройката "
+"„push.default“ в „git help config“."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:142
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Името на текущия клон се различава от името на клона, който той следи.\n"
+"За да изтласкате към следения клон използвайте командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"За да изтласкате към отдалечения клон с име като локалния, използвайте "
+"командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"В момента не сте на никой клон. За да изтласкате историята до състоянието,\n"
+"сочено в момента от указателя „HEAD“, използвайте командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:ИМЕ_НА_ОТДАЛЕЧЕНИЯ_КЛОН\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Не е зададен отдалечен клон, който текущият клон „%s“ да следи.\n"
+"За да изтласкате локалния клон към отдалечен и същевременно да зададете\n"
+"втория като този, който първият следи, използвайте командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr ""
+"Текущият клон „%s“ следи няколко отдалечени клона, не можете просто да "
+"изтласкате."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Изтласквате към отдалечения клон „%s“, който не е следен от текущия клон "
+"„%s“.\n"
+"Трябва да укажете коя версия да се изтласка, за обновяване на отдалечения "
+"клон."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:205
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+"to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+"\n"
+"Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+"behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+"remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"Настройката „push.default“ не е зададена. Стойността ѝ по подразбиране е "
+"сменена\n"
+"в Git 2.0 от „matching“ (всички съвпадащи клони) на „simple“ (само текущия\n"
+"клон). За да подтиснете това съобщение и да използвате традиционното "
+"поведение\n"
+"на Git 1.x, изпълнете командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"За да подтиснете това съобщение и да използвате новото поведение на Git 2."
+"x,\n"
+"изпълнете командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"Когато настройката „push.default“ е „matching“, git ще изтласка всички "
+"локални\n"
+"клони, които имат отдалечен аналог със същото име.\n"
+"\n"
+"От версия 2.0 Git стандартно започва да ползва по-консервативния вариант\n"
+"„simple“, при който „push“ изтласква само текущия клон към отдалечения, "
+"следен\n"
+"клон — същия, който „git pull“ използва, за да обнови текущия.\n"
+"\n"
+"За повече информация погледнете „git help config“ и потърсете „push."
+"default“.\n"
+"Новата стойност „simple“ бе въведена с версия 1.7.11 на Git. Ако понякога\n"
+"ползвате стари версии на Git, задайте стойност „current“ вместо „simple“."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:272
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Не сте указали версия за подаване, а настройката „push.default“ е "
+"„nothing“ (нищо без изрично указана версия да не се изтласква)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:279
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Обновяването е отхвърлено, защото върхът на текущия ви клон е преди върха "
+"на\n"
+"отдалечения клон. Внесете отдалечените промени (напр. с командата „git "
+"pull…“),\n"
+"преди отново да изтласкате промените. За повече информация вижте раздела\n"
+"„Note about fast-forwards“ в страницата от ръководството „git push --help“."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Обновяването е отхвърлено, защото върхът на изтласквания клон е преди върха\n"
+"на отдалечения клон. Проверете клона и внесете отдалечените промени (напр.\n"
+"с командата „git pull…“), преди отново да изтласкате промените. За повече\n"
+"информация вижте раздела „Note about fast-forwards“ в страницата от\n"
+"ръководството „git push --help“."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Обновяването е отхвърлено, защото хранилището, към което изтласквате, "
+"съдържа\n"
+"промени, които липсват в локалното хранилище. Най-честата причина за това "
+"е,\n"
+"че някой друг е изтласквал към същия клон. Първо внесете отдалечените "
+"промени\n"
+"(напр. с командата „git pull…“), преди отново да изтласкате промените.\n"
+"За повече информация вижте раздела „Note about fast-forwards“ в страницата "
+"от\n"
+"ръководството „git push --help“."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:298
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"Изтласкването е отхвърлено, защото в отдалеченото хранилище съществува "
+"етикет,\n"
+"който ще припокриете с етикет от вашето хранилище."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:301
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Без да укажете опцията „--force“, не може да обновите отдалечен\n"
+"указател, който вече сочи към обект, който не е подаване, както и тепърва\n"
+"да го промените да сочи към подобен обект.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Изтласкване към „%s“\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "част от указателите не бяха изтласкани към „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:394
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "неправилно указано хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:395
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Не е указано хранилище, към което да се изтласква.\n"
+"Или укажете адреса на командния ред, или настройте отдалечено хранилище с "
+"командата:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add ИМЕ АДРЕС\n"
+"\n"
+"и след това изтласкайте, като укажете името на отдалеченото хранилище:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push ИМЕ\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:410
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "опциите „--all“ и „--tags“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:411
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "опцията „--all“ е несъвместима с указването на версия"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:416
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "опциите „--mirror“ и „--tags“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:417
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "опцията „--mirror“ е несъвместима с указването на версия"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:422
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "опциите „--all“ и „--mirror“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:502
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:503
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "изтласкване на всички указатели"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:504
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "огледално копие на всички указатели"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "изтриване на указателите"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "изтласкване на етикетите (несъвместимо с опциите „--all“ и „--mirror“)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "принудително обновяване"
+
+# FIXME double check this
+#: builtin/push.c:512
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "УКАЗАТЕЛ>:<ОЧАКВАНА_СТОЙНОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "УКАЗАТЕЛят трябва първоначално да е с тази ОЧАКВАНА_СТОЙНОСТ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "управление на рекурсивното изтласкване на подмодулите"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:518
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "използване на съкратени пакети"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519 builtin/push.c:520
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "програма за получаването на пакети"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "задаване на отдалеченото хранилище за командите „git pull/status“"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "окастряне на указателите, които са премахнати от локалното хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:526
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "без изпълнение на куката преди изтласкване (pre-push)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr ""
+"изтласкване на липсващите в отдалеченото хранилище, но свързани с текущото "
+"изтласкване, етикети"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "подписване на изтласкването с GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "изискване на атомарни операции от отсрещната страна"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:539
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr ""
+"опцията „--delete“ е несъвместима с опциите  „--all“, „--mirror“ и „--tags“"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:541
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "опцията „--delete“ изисква поне един указател на версия"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=ПРЕФИКС] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=ФАЙЛ_С_ИЗКЛЮЧЕНИЯ] | -i]] [--no-sparse-"
+"checkout] [--index-output=ФАЙЛ] (--empty | УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО_1 "
+"[УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО_2 [УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО_3]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "запазване на индекса в този ФАЙЛ"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "само зануляване на индекса"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Сливане"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "да се извърши и сливане след освен изчитането"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "тройно сливане, ако не се налага пофайлово сливане"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "тройно сливане при добавяне на добавяне и изтриване на файлове"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "същото като опцията „-m“, но неслетите обекти се пренебрегват"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "ПОДДИРЕКТОРИЯ/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "изчитане на дървото към индекса като да е в тази ПОДДИРЕКТОРИЯ/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "обновяване на работното дърво с резултата от сливането"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "ФАЙЛ_С_ИЗКЛЮЧЕНИЯ"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "позволяване на презаписването на изрично пренебрегваните файлове"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "без проверка на работното дърво след сливането"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "без обновяване и на индекса, и на работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "без прилагане на филтъра за частично изтегляне"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "изчистване на грешки в командата „unpack-trees“"
+
+# FIXME
+#: builtin/reflog.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "„%s“ не е правилна стойност за време за „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:546 builtin/reflog.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "„%s“ не е правилна стойност за време"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t КЛОН] [-m ОСНОВЕН_КЛОН] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] ИМЕ АДРЕС"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:33
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename СТАРО_ИМЕ НОВО_ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:38
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:43
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head ИМЕ (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | КЛОН)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(ГРУПА | "
+"ОТДАЛЕЧЕНО_ХРАНИЛИЩЕ)…]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] ИМЕ КЛОН…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] ИМЕ НОВ_АДРЕС [СТАР_АДРЕС]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add ИМЕ НОВ_АДРЕС"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:71
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete ИМЕ АДРЕС"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:28
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [ОПЦИЯ…] ИМЕ АДРЕС"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches ИМЕ КЛОН…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add ИМЕ КЛОН…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:54
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [ОПЦИЯ…] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:59
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [ОПЦИЯ…] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:64
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [ОПЦИЯ…] [ГРУПА | ОТДАЛЕЧЕНО_ХРАНИЛИЩЕ]…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Обновяване на „%s“"
+
+# FIXME tabulator
+#: builtin/remote.c:120
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"Използването само на „--mirror“ е опасно. Вместо това\n"
+"ползвайте „--mirror=fetch“ или „--mirror=push“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "неправилна стойност за „--mirror“: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:153
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "отдалечените клони не могат да бъдат доставени"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:155
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "внасяне на всички етикети и принадлежащите им обекти при доставяне"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:158
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "може и да не се доставят никакви етикети (чрез опцията „--no-tags“)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:160
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "клон/и за следене"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "основен клон"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:162
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "издърпване|доставяне"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+"настройване на отдалечено хранилище, от което да се издърпва или доставя"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:175
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr ""
+"няма смисъл да се указва основен клон при използване на опцията „--mirror“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:177
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+"указването на следени клони е смислено само за отдалечени хранилища, от "
+"които се доставя"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187 builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "вече съществува отдалечено хранилище с име „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:191 builtin/remote.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "„%s“ е неправилно име за отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:235
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Основният клон „%s“ не може да бъде настроен"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "Обектите за доставяне за указателя „%s“ не могат да бъдат получени"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:436 builtin/remote.c:444
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(съвпадащи)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(за изтриване)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:592 builtin/remote.c:598 builtin/remote.c:604
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се добави към „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:636 builtin/remote.c:795 builtin/remote.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Такова отдалечено хранилище няма: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Разделът „%s“ в настройките не може да бъде преименуван на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:659 builtin/remote.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Разделът „%s“ в настройките не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+# FIXME tabulator
+#: builtin/remote.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Нестандартните указатели за доставяне няма да бъдат обновени\n"
+"    %s\n"
+"  Променете настройките ръчно, ако е необходимо."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "Разделът „%s“ не може да бъде добавен в настройките"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:691
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Разделът „%s“ не може да бъде зададен в настройките"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:713
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно изтриване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно създаване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Клонът „%s“ не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:833
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Бележка: Клон извън йерархията „refs/remotes/“ не бе изтрит.\n"
+"Изтрийте го чрез командата:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Бележка: Няколко клона извън йерархията „refs/remotes/“ не бяха изтрити.\n"
+"Изтрийте ги чрез командата:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " нов (следващото доставяне ще го разположи в „remotes/%s“)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:951
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " следен"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:953
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " стар (изтрийте чрез „git remote prune“)"
+
+# FIXME
+#: builtin/remote.c:955
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " неясно състояние"
+
+# CHECK
+#: builtin/remote.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr ""
+"неправилен клон за сливане „%s“. Невъзможно е да пребазирате върху повече от "
+"1 клон"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "пребазиране върху отдалечения клон „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1006
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " сливане с отдалечения клон „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1007
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    и с отдалечения клон"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "сливане с отдалечения клон „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1010
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   и с отдалечения клон"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1056
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "създаден"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1059
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1063
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "актуален"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1066
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "може да се слее тривиално"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1069
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "локалният е изостанал"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1076
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s принудително изтласква към %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1079
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s изтласква към %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s принудително изтласква към %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s изтласква към %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "без заявки към отдалечените хранилища"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "● отдалечено хранилище „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  Адрес за доставяне: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1183 builtin/remote.c:1334
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(без адрес)"
+
+# FIXME spaces betwen Push and URL
+#: builtin/remote.c:1192 builtin/remote.c:1194
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  Адрес за изтласкване: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1196 builtin/remote.c:1198 builtin/remote.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  клон сочен от HEAD: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1202
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  клонът сочен от HEAD (клонът указан във файла HEAD от отдалеченото "
+"хранилище е\n"
+"  нееднозначен и е някой от следните):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Отдалечен клон:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Отдалечени клони:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1217 builtin/remote.c:1244
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (състоянието не бе проверено)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1226
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Локален клон настроен за издърпване чрез „git pull“:"
+msgstr[1] "  Локални клони настроени за издърпване чрез „git pull“:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1234
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Локалните указатели ще бъдат пренесени чрез „ push“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1241
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Локалният указател, настроен за „git push“%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Локалните указатели, настроени за „git push“%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1262
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "задаване на refs/remotes/ИМЕ/HEAD според отдалеченото хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1264
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "изтриване на refs/remotes/ИМЕ/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1279
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Не може да се установи отдалеченият връх"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Множество клони с върхове. Изберете изрично някой от тях чрез командата:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Неправилен указател: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "„%s“ не може да се настрои"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1319
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr "„%s“ ще се превърне в обект извън клоните!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr "„%s“ се превърна в обект извън клоните!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1330
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Окастряне на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1331
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "адрес: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1354
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " ● [ще бъде окастрено] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1357
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " ● [окастрено] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1402
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "окастряне на огледалата на отдалечените хранилища след доставяне"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1468 builtin/remote.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Няма отдалечено хранилище на име „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1488
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "добавяне на клон"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "не е указано отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1517
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "промяна на адресите за изтласкване"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1519
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "добавяне на адреси"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "изтриване на адреси"
+
+# FIXME message - incompatible
+#: builtin/remote.c:1528
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "опциите „--add“ и „--delete“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Неправилен (стар) формат за адрес: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1576
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Такъв адрес не е открит: %s"
+
+# FIXME CHECK MEANING
+#: builtin/remote.c:1578
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Никой от адресите, които не са за изтласкване, няма да се изтрие"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1592
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "повече подробности. Поставя се пред подкоманда"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [ОПЦИЯ…]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "пакетиране на всичко в пакет"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr ""
+"същото като опцията „-a“. Допълнително — недостижимите обекти да станат "
+"непакетирани"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr ""
+"премахване на ненужните пакетирани файлове и изпълнение на командата „git-"
+"prune-packed“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "подаване на опцията „--no-reuse-delta“ на командата „git-pack-objects“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+"подаване на опцията „--no-reuse-object“ на командата „git-pack-objects“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "без изпълнение на командата „git-update-server-info“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "подаване на опцията „--local“ на командата „git-pack-objects“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "създаване и записване на индекси на база битови маски"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "евристична дата"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr ""
+"при комбинирането с опцията „-A“ — без разпакетиране на обектите по стари от "
+"това"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "размер на прозореца за делта компресията"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "байтове"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+"същото като горната опция, но ограничението да е по размер на паметта, а не "
+"по броя на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "ограничаване на максималната дълбочина на делтата"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "максимален размер на всеки пакет"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "препакетиране на обектите в пакети белязани с „.keep“"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно изтриване на „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] ОБЕКТ ЗАМЯНА"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit ОБЕКТ"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft ПОДАВАНЕ [РОДИТЕЛ…]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d ОБЕКТ…"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=ФОРМАТ] [-l [ШАБЛОН]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправилно име на обект: „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "етикетът при сливане в подаването „%s“ e неправилен"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "етикетът при сливане в подаването „%s“ e неправилен"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"Първоначалното подаване „%s“ съдържа етикета при сливане „%s“, който е "
+"изхвърлен, затова използвайте опцията „--edit“, а не „--graft“."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "Първоначалното подаване „%s“ е с подпис на GPG."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "Подписът ще бъде премахнат в заменящото подаване!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "заменящото подаване за „%s“ не може да бъде записано"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "извеждане на списъка с указателите за замяна"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "изтриване на указателите за замяна"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "редактиране на съществуващ обект"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "смяна на родителите на подаване"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "замяна на указателя, ако съществува"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "без форматирано извеждане на съдържанието — за опцията „--edit“"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "използване на този ФОРМАТ"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget ПЪТ… | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "регистриране на чисти корекции на конфликти в индекса"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [ПОДАВАНЕ]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО [--] ПЪТИЩА…"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ДЪРВО] [--] [ПЪТИЩА…]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "смесено (mixed)"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "меко (soft)"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "пълно (hard)"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "слято (merge)"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "запазващо (keep)"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Указателят „HEAD“ е повреден."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Дървото, сочено от указателя „HEAD“, не може да бъде открито."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Дървото, сочено от „%s“, не може да бъде открито."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "Указателят „HEAD“ сочи към „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Не може да се извърши %s зануляване по време на сливане."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "по-малко подробности, да се извеждат само грешките"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "индекса и указателя „HEAD“, без работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "само указателя „HEAD“, без индекса и работното дърво"
+
+# FIXME vs man page
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "указателя „HEAD“, индекса и работното дърво"
+
+# FIXME vs man page
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "зануляване на указателя „HEAD“, но запазване на локалните промени"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr ""
+"отбелязване само на факта, че изтритите пътища ще бъдат добавени по-късно"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Стойността „%s“ не е разпозната като съществуваща версия."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:308 builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "„%s“ не е разпознат като обект."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "„%s“ не е разпознат като дърво."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr ""
+"опцията „--patch“ е несъвместима с всяка от опциите „--hard/--mixed/--soft“"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"опцията „--mixed“ не бива да се използва заедно с пътища. Вместо това "
+"изпълнете „git reset -- ПЪТ…“."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Не може да извършите %s зануляване, когато сте задали ПЪТ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "В голо хранилище не може да извършите %s зануляване"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "Опцията „-N“ е съвместима само с „--mixed“"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Промени извън индекса след зануляването:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Индексът не може да бъде занулен към версия „%s“."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Новият индекс не може да бъде записан."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:361
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [ОПЦИЯ…] -- [АРГУМЕНТ…]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:366
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "зададеният низ „--“ да се тълкува като аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "спиране на анализа след първия аргумент, който не е опция"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:371
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "изход в дългия формат"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [ОПЦИЯ…] -- [АРГУМЕНТ…]\n"
+"   или: git rev-parse --sq-quote [АРГУМЕНТ…]\n"
+"   или: git rev-parse [ОПЦИЯ…] [АРГУМЕНТ…]\n"
+"\n"
+"За повече информация за първия вариант изпълнете „git rev-parse --parseopt -"
+"h“"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [ОПЦИЯ…] УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ПОДАВАНЕ…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert ПОДКОМАНДА"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [ОПЦИЯ…] УКАЗАТЕЛ_КЪМ_ПОДАВАНЕ…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick ПОДКОМАНДА"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: опцията „%s“ е несъвместима с „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "завършване на поредица от отбирания или отмени на подавания"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "завършване на поредица от отбирания или отмени на подавания"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "отмяна на поредица от отбирания или отмени на подавания"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "без автоматично подаване"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "редактиране на съобщението при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "номер на родителя"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "стратегия на сливане"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "опция"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "опция за стратегията на сливане"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "добавяне на името на подаването"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "позволяване на тривиални сливания"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "запазване на първоначално празните подавания"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "позволяване на празни съобщения при подаване"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "запазване на излишните, празни подавания"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "грешка в програмата"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "неуспешна отмяна"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "неуспешно отбиране"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] ФАЙЛ…"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"следният подмодул или някой от неговите подмодули използват директория на "
+"име\n"
+"„.git“:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"следните подмодули или някои от техните подмодули използват директория на "
+"име\n"
+"„.git“:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(ако искате да ги изтриете заедно с цялата им история, използвайте „rm -rf“)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"следният файл е със съдържание в индекса различно от текущото му съдържание "
+"и\n"
+"различно от съответстващото на HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"следните файлове са със съдържание в индекса различно от текущото им "
+"съдържание и\n"
+"различно от съответстващото на HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(за принудително изтриване използвайте опцията „-f“)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "следният файл е с променено съдържание в индекса:"
+msgstr[1] "следните файлове са с променено съдържание в индекса:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(за запазване на файла използвайте опцията „--cached“, а за принудително\n"
+"изтриване — „-f“)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "следният файл е с променено съдържание"
+msgstr[1] "следните файлове са с променено съдържание"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "да не се извеждат изтритите файлове"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "изтриване само от индекса"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "въпреки проверката за актуалността на съдържанието"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "рекурсивно изтриване"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr ""
+"изходният код да е 0, дори ако никой файл нe e напаснал с шаблона за "
+"изтриване"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"За да продължите, или вкарайте промените по файла „.gitmodules“ в индекса,\n"
+"или ги скатайте"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "без използването на опцията „-r“ „%s“ няма да се изтрие рекурсивно"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: „%s“ не може да се изтрие"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [ОПЦИЯ…] [ДИАПАЗОН_НА_ВЕРСИИТЕ] [[--] [ПЪТ…]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Авторът липсва: %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "подредба на подаванията по броя подавания от автор"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Без описания на подаванията — да се показва само броя подавания"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Извеждане на адреса на е-поща за всеки автор"
+
+# FIXME why is this so short
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "ШИРОЧИНА[,ОТСТЪП_1[,ОТСТЪП_2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr ""
+"Пренасяне на редовете до тази обща ШИРОЧИНА (76), с ОТСТЪП_1 (6) за първия "
+"ред и ОТСТЪП_2 (9) за останалите"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"    [--current] [--color[=КОГА] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"    [--more=БРОЙ | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"    [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(РЕВИЗИЯ | УКАЗАТЕЛ)…]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:13
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=БРОЙ[,БАЗА]] [--list] [УКАЗАТЕЛ]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "извеждане на следящите и локалните клони"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "извеждане на следящите клони"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "оцветяване на „*!+-“ според клоните"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "извеждане на такъв БРОЙ подавания от общия предшественик"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "синоним на „more=-1“"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "без низове за имената на клоните"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "включване и на текущия клон"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "именуване на подаванията с имената им на обекти"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "извеждане на възможните бази за сливания"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "извеждане на недостижимите указатели"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "извеждане на подаванията в топологическа подредба"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "извеждане само на подаванията, които не са от първия клон"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "извеждане на сливанията, които могат да се достигнат само от един връх"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr ""
+"топологическа подредба, при запазване на подредбата по дата, доколкото е\n"
+"възможно"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:681
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "БРОЙ[,БАЗА]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:682
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "показване на най-много БРОЙ журнални записа с начало съответната БАЗА"
+
+# FIXME * -> ...
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=ЧИСЛО]] [--abbrev[=ЧИСЛО]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [ШАБЛОН…]"
+
+# FIXME pattern & ref-list must be in <>
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=ШАБЛОН] < СПИСЪК_С_УКАЗАТЕЛИ"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "извеждане на етикетите (може да се комбинира с върховете)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "извеждане на върховете (може да се комбинира с етикетите)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "строга проверка на указателите, изисква се указател с пълен път"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "задължително извеждане и на указателя HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "да се извеждат идентификаторите на обектите-етикети"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "извеждане само на този БРОЙ цифри от всяка сума по SHA1"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"без извеждане на резултатите на стандартния вход (полезно с опцията „--"
+"verify“)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"извеждане на указателите приети от стандартния вход, които липсват в "
+"локалното хранилище"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [ОПЦИЯ…] ИМЕ [УКАЗАТЕЛ]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] ИМЕ"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "без извеждане на грешка за несвързани (несимволни) указатели"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "изтриване на символен указател"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "кратка информация за указателя"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "причина"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "причина за обновяването"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u ИДЕНТИФИКАТОР_НА_КЛЮЧ] [-f] [-m СЪОБЩЕНИЕ | -F ФАЙЛ] "
+"ЕТИКЕТ [ВРЪХ]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d ЕТИКЕТ…"
+
+# FIXME tabulator
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-nБРОЙ] [--contains ПОДАВАНЕ] [--points-at ОБЕКТ] \n"
+"           [ШАБЛОН…]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v ЕТИКЕТ…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "обект със сгрешен формат при „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:301
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "името на етикета е твърде дълго: „%.*s“…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "етикетът „%s“ не е открит."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Изтрит е етикетът „%s“ (бе „%s“)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "етикетът „%s“ не може да бъде проверен"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Въведете съобщение за етикета.\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Редовете, които започват с „%c“, ще бъдат пропуснати.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Въведете съобщение за етикет.\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Редовете, които започват с „%c“, също ще бъдат включени — може да ги "
+"изтриете вие.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+msgstr "зададена е неподдържана подредба „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+msgstr "зададена е неподдържана подредба „%s“ в променливата „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:428
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "етикетът не може да бъде подписан"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:430
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "файлът за етикета не може да бъде запазен"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "неправилен вид обект."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "заглавната част на етикета е прекалено дълга."
+
+# FIXME - why the ? - either we need to specify or not or it is good to specify
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "липсва съобщение за етикета"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:510
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Съобщението за етикета е запазено във файла „%s“\n"
+
+# FIXME - the name of the option '--points-at'
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "опцията „--points-at“ изисква аргумент-обект"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "неправилно име на обект „%s“"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:589
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "извеждане на имената на етикетите"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:591
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "извеждане на този БРОЙ редове от всяко съобщение за етикет"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:593
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "изтриване на етикети"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:594
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "проверка на етикети"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:596
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Опции при създаването на етикети"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:598
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "анотирането на етикети изисква съобщение"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:600
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "съобщение за етикет"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:602
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "анотиран етикет с подпис по GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:606
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "използване на друг ключ за подписването на етикет"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:607
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "замяна на етикета, ако съществува"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:609
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Опции за извеждането на етикети"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:610
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "извеждане на списъка на етикетите по колони"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "sort tags"
+msgstr "подреждане на етикетите"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:617 builtin/tag.c:623
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "извеждане само на етикетите, които съдържат подаването"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:629
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "извеждане само на етикетите на обекта"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:655
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "Опциите „--column“ и „-n“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:667
+msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "Опциите „--long“ и „-n“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:674
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Опцията „-n“ изисква опцията „-l“."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:676
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Опцията „-contains“ изисква опцията „-l“."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:678
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Опцията „-points-at“ изисква опцията „-l“."
+
+# FIXME message pattern
+#: builtin/tag.c:686
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "Опциите „-F“ и „-m“ са несъвместими."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:706
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "Прекалено много аргументи"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:712
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "„%s“ е неправилно име за етикет."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "етикетът „%s“ вече съществува"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Обновен етикет „%s“ (бе „%s“)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:489
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Разпакетиране на обектите"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:403
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [ОПЦИЯ…] [--] [ФАЙЛ…]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr ""
+"продължаване с обновяването, дори когато индексът трябва да бъде обновен"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "подмодулите да се игнорират при обновяването"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "новите файлове да не се игнорират"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "файлове да могат да заменят директории и обратно"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "предупреждаване при липсващи в работното дърво файлове"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "обновяване дори и индексът да съдържа неслети обекти"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "обновяване на информацията от функцията „stat“"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr ""
+"като опцията „--refresh“, но да се проверят и обектите, които са били приети "
+"за непроменени"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "РЕЖИМ,ОБЕКТ,ПЪТ"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "добавяне на изброените обекти към индекса"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:786
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "изрично задаване на стойността на флага дали файлът е изпълним"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "задаване на флаг, че файлът не се променя"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "изчистване на флага, че файлът не се променя"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "задаване на флаг, че файловете са само за индекса"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:799
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "изчистване на флага,  че файловете са само за индекса"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:802
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "добавяне само към индекса без добавяне към базата от данни за обектите"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:804
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "изтриване на указаните пътища, дори и да съществуват в работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:806
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr ""
+"при комбиниране с опцията „--stdin“ — входните редове са разделени с нулевия "
+"байт"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:808
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "изчитане на списъка с пътища за обновяване от стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:812
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "добавяне на елементите от стандартния вход към индекса"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:816
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr ""
+"възстановяване на състоянието преди сливане или нужда от обновяване за "
+"изброените пътища"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:820
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "добавяне само на съдържанието, което се различава от това в „HEAD“"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:824
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "игнориране на файловете, които липсват в работното дърво"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:827
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "извеждане на действията на стандартния изход"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:829
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+"забравяне на записаната информация за неразрешени конфликти — за командите "
+"от потребителско ниво"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:833
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "записване на индекса в този формат"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:835
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "включване или изключване на разделянето на индекса"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [ОПЦИЯ…] -d ИМЕ_НА_УКАЗАТЕЛ [СТАРА_СТОЙНОСТ]"
+
+# FIXME spaces - not needed in original
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [ОПЦИЯ…] ИМЕ_НА_УКАЗАТЕЛ НОВА_СТОЙНОСТ [СТАРА_СТОЙНОСТ]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [ОПЦИЯ…] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:359
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "изтриване на указателя"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:361
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "обновяване на ИМЕто_НА_УКАЗАТЕЛя, а не това, към което сочи"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr ""
+"някои от елементите подадени на стандартния вход завършват с нулевия знак "
+"„NUL“"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "изчитане на указателите от стандартния вход"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "обновяване на информационните файлове от нулата"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] ПОДАВАНЕ…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:75
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "извеждане на съдържанието на подаването"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] ПАКЕТ…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "извеждане на подробна информация"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "извеждане само на статистиката"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] ЕТИКЕТ…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "извеждане на съдържанието на ЕТИКЕТи"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=ПРЕФИКС/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "ПРЕФИКС/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "запис на обект-дърво за поддиректорията започваща с тази ПРЕФИКС"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "само за изчистване на грешки"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:267
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "извеждане на съобщенията за трасиране на стандартната грешка"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"„git help -a“ извежда наличните подкоманди, а „git help -g“ извежда "
+"наличните\n"
+"ръководства. За помощ за специфична КОМАНДА ползвайте „git help КОМАНДА“, а "
+"за\n"
+"някое определено ПОНЯТИЕ използвайте „git help ПОНЯТИЕ“."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Добавяне на съдържанието на файла към индекса"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Двоично търсене на промяната, която е причинила грешка"
+
+# FIXME - should be similar to tag
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Извеждане, създаване, изтриване на клони"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "Изтегляне на цял клон или файлове/директории в работното дърво"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Клониране на хранилище в нова директория"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Подаване на промени в хранилището"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "Извеждане на разликите между подаванията, версиите, работното дърво"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Изтегляне на обекти и указатели от друго хранилище"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Извеждане на редовете напасващи на шаблон"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Създаване на празно хранилище на Git или зануляване на съществуващо"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Извеждане на журнала с подаванията"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Сливане на две или повече поредици/истории от промени"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Преместване или преименуване на файл, директория или символна връзка"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Доставяне и интегрирането на промените от друго хранилище или клон"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Обновяване на отдалечените указатели и свързаните с тях обекти"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr "Пребазиране на промени към нова основа"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Привеждане на указателя „HEAD“ към зададеното състояние"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Изтриване на файлове от работното дърво и индекса"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Извеждане на различните видове обекти в Git"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Извеждане на състоянието на работното дърво"
+
+# FIXME - should be similar to branch
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Извеждане, създаване, изтриване, проверка на етикети подписани с GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:143
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "период на валидност/запазване"
+
+#: parse-options.h:158
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "нулева операция (за съвместимост с предишни версии)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "повече подробности"
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "по-малко подробности"
+
+# FIXME SHA-1 -> SHA1
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "да се показват такъв БРОЙ цифри от сумите по SHA1"
+
+#: rerere.h:27
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+"при възможност преизползване на решението на конфликта за обновяване на "
+"индекса"
+
+#: git-am.sh:53
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "Първо трябва да зададете информация за себе си"
+
+#: git-am.sh:98
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Изглежда указателят „HEAD“ е променен и не сочи към същия обект както по "
+"времето\n"
+"на последното неуспешно изпълнение на „git am“. Указателят се задава да сочи "
+"към\n"
+"„ORIG_HEAD“"
+
+#: git-am.sh:108
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"След коригирането на този проблем изпълнете командата „$cmdline --"
+"continue“.\n"
+"За да прескочите тази кръпка, изпълнете командата „$cmdline --skip“.\n"
+"За да възстановите първоначалното състояние и да преустановите прилагането "
+"на \n"
+"кръпки, изпълнете командата „$cmdline --abort“."
+
+#: git-am.sh:124
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "Не може да се премине към тройно сливане."
+
+#: git-am.sh:140
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"В хранилището липсват необходимите обекти BLOB, за да се премине към тройно "
+"сливане."
+
+#: git-am.sh:142
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "Базовото дърво се реконструира от информацията в индекса…"
+
+#: git-am.sh:157
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Кръпката не може да се приложи към обектите BLOB в индекса.\n"
+"Да не би да сте я редактирали на ръка?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:166
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Преминаване към прилагане на кръпка към базата и тройно сливане…"
+
+#: git-am.sh:182
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Неуспешно сливане на промените."
+
+#: git-am.sh:277
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr ""
+"Само една серия кръпки от „StGIT“ може да бъде прилагана в даден момент"
+
+#: git-am.sh:364
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "Неподдържан формат на кръпки: „$patch_format“."
+
+#: git-am.sh:366
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Форматът на кръпката не може да бъде определен."
+
+#: git-am.sh:398
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Опциите „-b“/„--binary“ отдавна не правят нищо и\n"
+"ще бъдат премахнати в бъдеще. Не ги ползвайте."
+
+#: git-am.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+"предишната директория за пребазиране „$dotest“ все още съществува, а е "
+"зададен файл „mbox“."
+
+# FIXME better message
+#: git-am.sh:501
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Опциите „--skip“ и „--abort“ са несъвместими."
+
+#: git-am.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Открита е излишна директория „$dotest“.\n"
+"Можете да я изтриете с командата „git am --abort“."
+
+#: git-am.sh:545
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "В момента не тече операция по коригиране и няма как да се продължи."
+
+#: git-am.sh:612
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr ""
+"Индексът не е чист: кръпките не могат да бъдат приложени (замърсени са: "
+"$files)"
+
+# FIXME spaces
+#: git-am.sh:722
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Кръпката е празна. Честа причина за това е неправилно разделяне на кръпки.\n"
+"За да прескочите тази кръпка, изпълнете командата „$cmdline --skip“.\n"
+"За да възстановите първоначалното състояние и да преустановите прилагането "
+"на \n"
+"кръпки, изпълнете командата „$cmdline --abort“."
+
+#: git-am.sh:749
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "Кръпката не съдържа валиден адрес за е-поща."
+
+#: git-am.sh:796
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"За интерактивно изпълнение е необходимо стандартният\n"
+"изход да е свързан с терминал, а в момента не е."
+
+#: git-am.sh:800
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Тялото на кръпката за прилагане е:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:807
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr ""
+"Прилагане? „y“ — да/„n“ — не/„e“ — редактиране/„v“ — преглед/„a“ — приемане "
+"на всичко"
+
+#: git-am.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Прилагане: $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:864
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Без промени — възможно е да не сте изпълнили „git add“.\n"
+"Ако няма друга промяна за включване в индекса, най-вероятно някоя друга\n"
+"кръпка е довела до същите промени и в такъв случай просто пропуснете тази."
+
+#: git-am.sh:872
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Индексът все още съдържа неслети промени — възможно е да не сте изпълнили "
+"„git add“."
+
+#: git-am.sh:888
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Без промени — кръпката вече е приложена."
+
+#: git-am.sh:898
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Неуспешно прилагане на кръпката „$msgnum“: „$FIRSTLINE“"
+
+#: git-am.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"Дубликат на проблемната кръпка се намира в:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:919
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "прилагане върху празна история"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Започнете като изпълните командата „git bisect start“"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Да се извърши ли автоматично? „Y“ —  ДА, „n“ — не"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "непозната опция „$arg“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "„$arg“ не изглежда като указател към версия"
+
+# FIXME - I ??? the message does not convey what is actually wrong - that the "HEAD" points to sth that is unparsable
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Текущият указател „HEAD“ е неправилен."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно преминаване към „$start_head“. Изпълнете командата „git bisect "
+"reset СЪЩЕСТВУВАЩ_КЛОН“."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr ""
+"не може да се търси двоично, когато е изпълнена командата „cg-seek“ от "
+"„cogito“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Неправилен указател „HEAD“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Неправилен аргумент на функцията „bisect_write“: „$state“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Неправилна версия: „$arg“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Функцията „bisect_state“ изисква поне един аргумент."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Неправилна версия: „$rev“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:253
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "Командата „git bisect bad“ приема само един аргумент."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:276
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: двоично търсене само по лошо подаване."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:282
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Да се продължи ли? „Y“ —  ДА, „n“ — не"
+
+# FIXME me?
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Трябва да зададете поне една добра и една лоша версия. (Това може да се\n"
+"направи съответно и чрез командите „git bisect bad“ и „git bisect good“.)"
+
+# FIXME me
+#: git-bisect.sh:295
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Трябва да започнете двоичното търсене чрез командата „git bisect start“.\n"
+"трябва да зададете поне една добра и една лоша версия. (Това може да се\n"
+"направи съответно и чрез командите „git bisect bad“ и „git bisect good“.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:366 git-bisect.sh:493
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "В момента не се извършва двоично търсене."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:373
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "„$invalid“ е неправилно подаване"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:382
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Първоначално указаният клон „$branch“ в указателя „HEAD“ не може да бъде\n"
+"изтеглен. Пробвайте да изпълните командата „git bisect reset ПОДАВАНЕ“."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:409
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Не е зададен журнален файл"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:410
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr ""
+"Журналният файл „$file“ не може да бъде прочетен, за да се изпълнят "
+"командите от него наново"
+
+# FIXME WTF
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr ""
+"Непозната команда. Възможните варианти са: „start“, „good“, „bad“, „skip“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:439
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "изпълнение на командата „$command“"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:446
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"неуспешно двоично търсене:\n"
+"изходният код от командата „$command“ е $res — това е извън интервала [0, "
+"128)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:472
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "двоичното търсене не може да продължи"
+
+# FIXME initial space
+#: git-bisect.sh:478
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"неуспешно двоично търсене:\n"
+"функцията „bisect_state $state“ завърши с код за грешка $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:485
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "успешно двоично търсене"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Невъзможно е да издърпвате в момента, защото някои файлове не са слети. "
+"Трябва\n"
+"да ги прегледате, коригирате, ако е необходимо и да ги добавите или извадите "
+"от\n"
+"индекса с командата „git add/rm ФАЙЛ“, след което трябва да подадете "
+"промените."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr ""
+"Невъзможно е да издърпвате в момента, защото някои файлове не са слети."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Не сте завършили сливане. (Указателят „MERGE_HEAD“ съществува).\n"
+"Подайте промените си, преди да започнете ново сливане."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:245
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr "обновяване на все още несъздаден клон с промените от индекса"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:269
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+"ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: доставянето обнови върха на текущия клон. Работното ви\n"
+"ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: копие бе тривиално слято от подаване „$orig_head“."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:294
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "Не може да сливате множество клони в празен върхов указател"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:298
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "Не може да пребазирате върху повече от един клон"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"След коригирането на този проблем изпълнете „git rebase --continue“.\n"
+"Ако предпочитате да прескочите тази кръпка, изпълнете „git rebase --skip“.\n"
+"За да откажете пребазирането и да се върнете към първоначалното състояние,\n"
+"изпълнете „git rebase --abort“."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Автоматично скатаното е приложено."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "„$stash_sha1“ не може да бъде запазен"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:169
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Прилагането на автоматично скатаното доведе до конфликти. Промените ви са\n"
+"надеждно скатани. Можете да пробвате да ги приложите чрез „git stash pop“\n"
+"или да ги изхвърлите чрез „git stash drop“, когато поискате.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:208
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Куката за изпълнение преди пребазиране отхвърли пребазирането."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:213
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Изглежда, че сега се прилагат кръпки чрез командата „git-am“. Не може да "
+"пребазирате в момента."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:351
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "Опцията „--exec“ задължително изисква опцията „--interactive“"
+
+# FIXME message
+#: git-rebase.sh:356
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Изглежда в момента не тече пребазиране"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:367
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Опцията „--edit-todo“ е достъпна само по време на интерактивно пребазиране."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:374
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Указателят „HEAD“ не може да бъде прочетен"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:377
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Трябва да редактирате всички конфликти при сливането. След това\n"
+"отбележете коригирането им чрез командата „git add“"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Връщането към „$head_name“ е невъзможно"
+
+# FIXME tabulators, I, double spaces
+#: git-rebase.sh:414
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Вече съществува директория „$state_dir_base directory“. Възможно ли е да "
+"сте\n"
+"в процес на друго пребазиране? Ако това е така, изпълнете:\n"
+"    $cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Ако не сте в процес на друго пребазиране, изпълнете:\n"
+"    $cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"и отново започнете пребазирането. Текущото пребазиране се преустановява, за\n"
+"да не загубите случайно промени."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "неправилна основа за сравнение „$upstream_name“"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr ""
+"указателят „$onto_name“ може да сочи към повече от една основа за "
+"пребазирането"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:492 git-rebase.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "указателят „$onto_name“ не сочи към никаква основа за пребазирането"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Указателят „$onto_name“ не сочи към подаване"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "фатална грешка: не съществува клон „$branch_name“"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Не може да се скатае автоматично"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Автоматично скатано: „$stash_abbrev“"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:566
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Промените трябва или да се подадат, или да се скатаят."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:586
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Текущият клон „$branch_name“ е напълно актуален."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:590
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr ""
+"Текущият клон „$branch_name“ е напълно актуален. Пребазирането е "
+"принудително."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:601
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Промените от „$mb“ към „$onto“:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:610
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Първо, указателят „HEAD“ започва да сочи към базата, върху която пребазирате…"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:620
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "Тривиално сливане на „$branch_name“ върху „$onto_name“."
+
+# FIXME - should 'clear' not take parameters in principle?
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "Командата „git stash clear“ не поддържа аргументи"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Все още липсва първоначално подаване"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Състоянието на текущия индекс не може да бъде запазено"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Състоянието на работното дърво не може да бъде запазено"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Не са избрани никакви промени"
+
+# FIXME can't happen??? може, може
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Временният индекс не може да бъде изтрит"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Състоянието на работното дърво не може да бъде запазено"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:191
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr ""
+"Указателят „$ref_stash“ не може да бъде обновен да сочи към „$w_commit“"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:238
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"грешка: командата „git stash save“ не поддържа опция „$option“\n"
+"        За да зададете съобщение, изпълнете „git stash save -- '$option'“"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:259
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Няма никакви локални промени за скатаване"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:263
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Скатаването не може да стартира"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:267
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Текущото състояние не може да бъде запазено"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:285
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Промените в работното дърво не могат да бъдат занулени"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:384
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Не е открито нищо скатано."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:391
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Указани са прекалено много версии: „$REV“"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:397
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "Указателят „$reference“ е грешен"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:425
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "„$args“ не е подаване, приличащо на нещо скатано"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:436
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "„$args“ не е указател към нещо скатано"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:444
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "индексът не може да бъде обновен"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:448
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "По време на сливане не може да приложите нещо скатано"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr ""
+"В индекса има конфликти. Пробвайте да изпълните командата без опцията „--"
+"index“."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:458
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Дървото сочено от индекса не може да бъде запазено"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Променените файлове не могат да бъдат извадени от индекса"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:507
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Индексът не е скатан."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:530
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Изтрито е скатаното „${REV}“ ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "Скатаното „${REV}“ не може да бъде изтрито"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:539
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Не е указано име на клон"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:611
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(За да ги възстановите, изпълнете командата „git stash apply“)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "не може да се махне компонент от адреса „$remoteurl“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Във файла „.gitmodules“ липсва информация за пътя „$sm_path“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:287
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "Неуспешно клониране на адреса „$url“ в пътя „$sm_path“ като подмодул"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:296
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr "Директорията в Git „$a“ е част от пътя на подмодула „$b“ или обратно"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Относителен път може да се ползва само от основната директория на работното "
+"дърво"
+
+# FIXME - what is this regex?
+#: git-submodule.sh:416
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr ""
+"адрес на хранилище: „$repo“ трябва или да е абсолютен, или да започва с „./“ "
+"или „../“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:433
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "„$sm_path“ вече съществува в индекса"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Следният път се игнорира поради някой от файловете „.gitignore“:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Използвайте опцията „-f“, ако за да го добавите наистина."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:455
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Добавяне на съществуващото хранилище в „$sm_path“ към индекса"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:457
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "„$sm_path“ съществува, а не е хранилище на Git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Открита е локална директория на Git — „$sm_name“, която сочи към "
+"отдалечените хранилища:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Ако искате да преизползвате тази локална директория на Git вместо да отново "
+"да клонирате:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"използвайте опцията „--force“. Ако локалната директория не сочи към "
+"правилното отдалечено хранилище"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"или не сте сигурни какво означава всичко това, просто задайте друго име като "
+"аргумент на опцията „--name“."
+
+# FIXME активиране - какво всъщност става
+#: git-submodule.sh:472
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Активиране на локалното хранилище за подмодула „$sm_name“ наново."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Подмодулът „$sm_path“ не може да бъде изтеглен"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Неуспешно добавяне на подмодула „$sm_path“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:498
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Неуспешно регистриране на подмодула „$sm_path“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:542
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Влизане в „$prefix$displaypath“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Спиране при „$prefix$displaypath“ — изходният код от скрипта бе различен от "
+"0."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:608
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Във файла „.gitmodules“ не е открит адрес за пътя към подмодул „$displaypath“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Неуспешно регистриране на адрес за пътя към подмодул „$displaypath“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Регистриран е подмодул „$name“, сочещ към адрес „$url“, за пътя към подмодул "
+"„$displaypath“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно регистриране на режима на обновяване за пътя към подмодул "
+"„$displaypath“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Използвайте „.“, за да премахнете всички подмодули"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Пътят към подмодул „$displaypath“ в работното дърво съдържа директория „.git“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(използвайте командата „rm -rf“, за да го изтриете заедно с цялата му "
+"история)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Пътят към подмодул „$displaypath“ в работното дърво съдържа локални промени. "
+"Можете да ги пренебрегнете и отмените с опцията „-f“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:701
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Директорията „$displaypath“ е изчистена"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:702
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Директорията към работното дърво на подмодула „$displaypath“ не може да бъде "
+"изтрита"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:705
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Празната директория за подмодула „$displaypath“ не може да бъде създадена"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:714
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Премахната е регистрацията на подмодул „$name“, сочещ към адрес „$url“, за "
+"пътя „$displaypath“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:830
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Пътят към подмодул „$displaypath“ не е инициализиран.\n"
+"Пробвайте с командата „update --init“."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Текущата версия за подмодула в „$displaypath“ липсва"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:852
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Неуспешно доставяне в пътя към подмодул „$sm_path“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:876
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Неуспешно доставяне в пътя към подмодул „$displaypath“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно изтегляне на версия „$sha1“ в пътя към подмодул „$displaypath“'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:891
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Път към подмодул „$displaypath“: изтеглена е версия „$sha1“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:895
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно пребазиране на версия „$sha1“ в пътя към подмодул „$displaypath“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:896
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Път към подмодул „$displaypath“: пребазиране върху версия „$sha1“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Неуспешно сливане на версия „$sha1“ в пътя към подмодул „$displaypath“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:902
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Път към подмодул „$displaypath“: сливане с версия „$sha1“"
+
+# FIXME spaces
+#: git-submodule.sh:907
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешно изпълнение на командата „$command $sha1“ в пътя към подмодул "
+"„$prefix$sm_path“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:908
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Път към подмодул „$prefix$sm_path“: „$command $sha1“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:938
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Неуспешна обработка на поддиректориите в пътя към подмодул „$displaypath“"
+
+# FIXME message
+#: git-submodule.sh:1046
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "Опциите „--cached“ и „--files“ са несъвместими"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1098
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "неочакван режим „$mod_dst“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1118
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: „$display_name“ не съдържа подаването „$sha1_src“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1121
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: „$display_name“ не съдържа подаването „$sha1_dst“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: „$display_name“ не съдържа никое от подаванията "
+"„$sha1_src“ и „$sha1_dst“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1149
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "обект BLOB"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1267
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Неуспешна обработка на поддиректориите в пътя към подмодул „$sm_path“"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1331
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Синхронизиране на адреса за пътя към подмодул „$displaypath“"
diff --git a/po/ca.po b/po/ca.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c73348317c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/ca.po
@@ -0,0 +1,11246 @@
+# Catalan translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2014 Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>, 2014.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-04-03 08:13+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-04-07 12:26-0700\n"
+"Last-Translator: Alex Henrie <alexhenrie24@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Catalan\n"
+"Language: ca\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.7.5\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "pista: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Arregleu-los en l'arbre de treball, i després useu\n"
+"'git add/rm <fitxer>' segons sigui apropiat per a marcar la\n"
+"resolució i feu una comissió."
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<opcions>] <arbre> [<camí>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <dipòsit> [--exec <ordre>] [<opcions>] <arbre> "
+"[<camí>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <dipòsit> [--exec <ordre>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:342 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:427 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "L'especificació de camí '%s' no ha coincidit amb cap fitxer"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "format"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "format d'arxiu"
+
+#: archive.c:428 builtin/log.c:1204
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "prefix"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "anteposa el prefix a cada nom de camí en l'arxiu"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2516
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517 builtin/config.c:57 builtin/fast-export.c:986
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988 builtin/grep.c:712 builtin/hash-object.c:101
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446 builtin/ls-files.c:449 builtin/notes.c:394
+#: builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fitxer"
+
+#: archive.c:431 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "escriu l'arxiu a aquest fitxer"
+
+#: archive.c:433
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "llegeix .gitattributes en el directori de treball"
+
+#: archive.c:434
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "informa de fitxers arxivats en stderr"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "només emmagatzemar"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "comprimeix més ràpid"
+
+#: archive.c:444
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "comprimeix millor"
+
+#: archive.c:447
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "allista els formats d'arxiu admesos"
+
+#: archive.c:449 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "dipòsit"
+
+#: archive.c:450 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "recupera l'arxiu del dipòsit remot <dipòsit>"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:478
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "ordre"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "camí a l'ordre git-upload-archive remot"
+
+#: attr.c:264
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Els patrons negatius s'ignoren en els atributs de git\n"
+"Useu '\\!' per exclamació capdavantera literal."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "No establint la branca %s com a la seva pròpia font."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la branca remota %s de %s per "
+"rebasar."
+
+#: branch.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la branca remota %s de %s."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la branca local %s per rebasar."
+
+#: branch.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la branca local %s."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la referència remota %s per "
+"rebasar."
+
+#: branch.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la referència remota %s."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la referència local %s per "
+"rebasar."
+
+#: branch.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "La branca %s està configurada per a seguir la referència local %s."
+
+#: branch.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "No seguint: informació ambigua per a la referència %s"
+
+#: branch.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' no és un nom de branca vàlid."
+
+#: branch.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Una branca amb nom '%s' ja existeix."
+
+#: branch.c:175
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "No es pot actualitzar la branca actual a la força."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot configurar la informació de seguiment; el punt inicial '%s' no és "
+"una branca."
+
+#: branch.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branca font demanada '%s' no existeix"
+
+#: branch.c:199
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si teniu pensat basar el vostre treball en una branca\n"
+"font que ja existeix al remot, pot ser que necessiteu\n"
+"executar \"git fetch\" per a obtenir-la.\n"
+"\n"
+"Si teniu pensat pujar una branca local nova que seguirà\n"
+"la seva contrapart remota, pot ser que vulgueu usar\n"
+"\"git push -u\" per a establir la configuració font\n"
+"mentre pugeu."
+
+#: branch.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "No és un nom d'objecte vàlid: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nom d'objecte ambigu: '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "No és un punt de ramificació vàlid: '%s'."
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' no sembla un fitxer de farcell v2"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "capçalera no reconeguda: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Al dipòsit li manquen aquestes comissions prerequisits:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 sequencer.c:650 sequencer.c:1105 builtin/blame.c:2705
+#: builtin/branch.c:659 builtin/commit.c:1045 builtin/log.c:330
+#: builtin/log.c:823 builtin/log.c:1432 builtin/log.c:1669 builtin/merge.c:358
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "la configuració del passeig per revisions ha fallat"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "El farcell conté aquesta referència:"
+msgstr[1] "El farcell conté aquestes %d referències:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "El farcell registra una història completa."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "El farcell requereix aquesta referència:"
+msgstr[1] "El farcell requereix aquestes %d referències:"
+
+#: bundle.c:251
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut executar el pack-objects"
+
+#: bundle.c:269
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "El pack-objects s'ha mort"
+
+#: bundle.c:309
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "El rev-list s'ha mort"
+
+#: bundle.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "les opcions de la llista de revisions exclouen la referència '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:437 builtin/log.c:153 builtin/log.c:1342 builtin/shortlog.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "paràmetre no reconegut: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:443
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Refusant crear un farcell buit."
+
+#: bundle.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot crear '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:474
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "L'index-pack s'ha mort"
+
+#: color.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "valor de color no vàlid: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s no és una comissió!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "memòria esgotada"
+
+#: config.c:474 config.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config file line %d in %s"
+msgstr "línia de fitxer de configuració dolenta %d en %s"
+
+#: config.c:592
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s"
+msgstr "valor de configuració numèrica dolent '%s' per '%s' en %s: %s"
+
+#: config.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "valor de configuració numèrica dolent '%s' per '%s': %s"
+
+#: config.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en expandir el directori d'usuari en '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:757 config.c:768
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "nivell de compressió de zlib dolent %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "mode de creació d'objecte no vàlid: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1216
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar la configuració de la línia d'ordres"
+
+#: config.c:1277
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "ha ocorregut un error desconegut en llegir els fitxers de configuració"
+
+#: config.c:1601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar '%s' de la configuració de la línia d'ordres"
+
+#: config.c:1603
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "variable de configuració dolenta '%s' en el fitxer '%s' a la línia %d"
+
+#: config.c:1662
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s té múltiples valors"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut executar 'git rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "escriptura fallada al rev-list: %s"
+
+#: connected.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en tancar l'stdin del rev-list: %s"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "en el futur"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu segon"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu segons"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu minut"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu minuts"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu hora"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu hores"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu dia"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu dies"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu setmana"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu setmanes"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu mes"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu mesos"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu any"
+msgstr[1] "%lu anys"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %s i %lu mes"
+msgstr[1] "fa %s i %lu mesos"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "fa %lu any"
+msgstr[1] "fa %lu anys"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en llegir el fitxer d'ordres '%s'"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:536
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Realitzant detecció inexacta de canvis de nom"
+
+#: diff.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  S'ha fallat en analitzar el percentatge limitant de dirstat '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Paràmetre de dirstat desconegut '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Valor desconegut de la variable de configuració de 'diff.submodule': '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Errors trobats en la variable de configuració 'diff.dirstat':\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:2956
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "El diff external s'ha mort, aturant a %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3351
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow requereix exactament una especificació de camí"
+
+#: diff.c:3514
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"S'ha fallat en analitzar el paràmetre d'opció de --dirstat/-X:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en analitzar el paràmetre d'opció de --submodule: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:129 gpg-interface.c:200
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut executar el gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:141
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "El gpg no ha acceptat les dades"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:152
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg ha fallat en firmar les dades"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear el fitxer temporal '%s': %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en escriure la firma separada a '%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': no s'ha pogut llegir %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "'%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': lectura curta %s"
+
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "ordres de git disponibles en '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "ordres de git disponibles d'altres llocs en el vostre $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:230
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Les ordres de git més freqüentment usades són:"
+
+#: help.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' sembla una ordre git, però no hem pogut\n"
+"executar-la. Pot ser que git-%s estigui estropejat?"
+
+#: help.c:346
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Ai. El vostre sistema no informa de cap ordre de Git."
+
+#: help.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"AVÍS: Heu invocat una ordre de Git amb nom '%s', la qual no existeix.\n"
+"Continuant sota l'assumpció que volíeu dir '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "en %0.1f segons automàticament..."
+
+#: help.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: '%s' no és una ordre de git. Vegeu 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:384 help.c:444
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Volíeu dir això?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Volíeu dir un d'aquests?"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:283
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+msgstr "BUG: reobrir un fitxer de bloqueig que encara està obert"
+
+#: lockfile.c:285
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+msgstr "BUG: reobrir un fitxer de bloqueig que s'ha comès"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en llegir la memòria cau"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/checkout.c:374 builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/clone.c:662
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure un fitxer d'índex nou"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(comissió dolenta)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache ha fallat per al camí '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "error en construir arbres"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:688
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en crear el camí '%s' %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Eliminant %s per a fer espai per al subdirectori\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:713 merge-recursive.c:734
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": potser un conflicte D/F?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "refusant perdre el fitxer no seguit a '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir l'objecte %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "blob esperat per a %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:789 builtin/clone.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en obrir '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en fer l'enllaç simbòlic '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:800
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "no es sap què fer amb %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:938
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en executar la fusió interna"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut afegir %s a la base de dades"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:958
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "tipus d'objecte no compatible en l'arbre"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1033 merge-recursive.c:1047
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE: (%s/supressió): %s suprimit en %s i %s en %s. La versió %s de %s "
+"s'ha deixat en l'arbre."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1039 merge-recursive.c:1052
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE: (%s/supressió): %s suprimit en %s i %s en %s. La versió %s de %s "
+"s'ha deixat en l'arbre a %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "canvia de nom"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "canviat de nom"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s és un directori en %s; afegint com a %s en lloc"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE (canvi de nom/canvi de nom): Canvi de nom \"%s\"->\"%s\" en la "
+"branca \"%s\" canvi de nom \"%s\"->\"%s\" en \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1176
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (deixat sense resolució)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1230
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE (canvi de nom/canvi de nom): Canvi de nom %s->%s en %s. Canvi de "
+"nom %s->%s en %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Canviant el nom de %s a %s i %s a %s en lloc d'això"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1459
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE (supressió/afegiment): Canvi de nom %s->%s en %s. %s afegit en %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Afegint %s fusionat"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1474 merge-recursive.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Afegint com a %s en lloc d'això"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1525
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir l'objecte %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1528
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "L'objecte %s no és un blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "modifica"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "modificat"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1586
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "contingut"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1593
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "afegiment/afegiment"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1627
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "%s saltat (el fusionat és igual a l'existent)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1641
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Autofusionant %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1645 git-submodule.sh:1150
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "submòdul"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "CONFLICTE (%s): Conflicte de fusió en %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1732
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Eliminant %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1757
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "fitxer/directori"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1763
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "directori/fitxer"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLICTE (%s): Hi ha un directori amb nom %s en %s. Afegint %s com a %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1778
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Afegint %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1795
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Fallat de fusió fatal; això no ha de passar."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1814
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Ja al dia!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1823
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "la fusió dels arbres %s i %s ha fallat"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Camí no processat??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1901
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Fusionant:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1914
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "s'ha trobat %u avantpassat:"
+msgstr[1] "s'han trobat %u avantpassats:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1951
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "la fusió no ha retornat cap comissió"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2008
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut analitzar l'objecte '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2019 builtin/merge.c:667
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut escriure l'índex."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "No es pot cometre un arbre de notes no inicialitzat / no referenciat"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valor de notes.rewriteMode dolent: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Refusant reescriure les notes en %s (fora de refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valor dolent de %s: '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar l'objecte: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:546
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "ús: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr " o: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:605
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"els ajusts d'especificació de camí 'glob' i 'noglob' globals són "
+"incompatibles"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"l'ajust d'especificació de camí 'literal' global és incompatible amb tots "
+"els altres ajusts d'especificació de camí globals"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "paràmetre no vàlid per a la màgia d'especificació de camí 'prefix'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Màgia d'especificació de camí no vàlida '%.*s' en '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "')' mancant al final de la màgia d'especificació de camí en '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Màgia d'especificació de camí no implementada '%c' en '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: 'literal' i 'glob' són incompatibles"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: '%s' és fora del dipòsit"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "L'especificació '%s' és en el submòdul '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"%s: aquesta ordre no és compatible amb la màgia d'especificació de camí: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:432
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "l'especificació de camí '%s' és més enllà d'un enllaç simbòlic"
+
+#: pathspec.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"No hi ha res a excloure per patrons :(exclusió).\n"
+"Potser heu oblidat afegir o ':/' o '.' ?"
+
+#: pretty.c:968
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar el format --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:225
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "fet"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"index.version establert, però el valor no és vàlid.\n"
+"Usant la versió %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1285
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION establert, però el valor no és vàlid.\n"
+"Usant la versió %i"
+
+#: remote.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "No es pot obtenir ambdós %s i %s a %s"
+
+#: remote.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s generalment segueix %s, no %s"
+
+#: remote.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s segueix ambdós %s i %s"
+
+#: remote.c:798
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Error intern"
+
+#: remote.c:1980
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "La vostra branca està basada en '%s', però la font no hi és.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1984
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git branch --unset-upstream\" per a arreglar)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1987
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "La vostra branca està al dia amb '%s'.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1991
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "La vostra branca està davant de '%s' per %d comissió.\n"
+msgstr[1] "La vostra branca està davant de '%s' per %d comissions.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1997
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git push\" per a publicar les vostres comissions locals)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"La vostra branca està darrere de '%s' per %d comissió, i pot avançar-se "
+"ràpidament.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"La vostra branca està darrere de '%s' per %d comissions, i pot avançar-se "
+"ràpidament.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2008
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr " (useu \"git pull\" per a actualitzar la vostra branca local)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"La vostra branca i '%s' s'han divergit,\n"
+"i tenen %d i %d comissió distinta cada una, respectivament.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"La vostra branca i '%s' s'han divergit,\n"
+"i tenen %d i %d comissions distintes cada una, respectivament.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2021
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git pull\" per a fusionar la branca remota a la vostra)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2348
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent és incompatible amb --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:83
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en obrir /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) ha fallat"
+
+#: send-pack.c:272
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en firmar el certificat de pujada"
+
+#: send-pack.c:356
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "el destí receptor no admet pujar --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:366
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "el destí receptor no admet pujar --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:172 builtin/merge.c:782 builtin/merge.c:893 builtin/merge.c:995
+#: builtin/merge.c:1005
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a escriptura"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174 builtin/merge.c:344 builtin/merge.c:785 builtin/merge.c:997
+#: builtin/merge.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut escriure al '%s'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:195
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"després de resoldre els conflictes, marqueu els camins\n"
+"corregits amb 'git add <camins>' o 'git rm <camins>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:198
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"després de resoldre els conflictes, marqueu els camins\n"
+"corregits amb 'git add <camins>' o 'git rm <camins>'\n"
+"i cometeu el resultat amb 'git commit'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:211 sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut escriure a %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Error en finalitzar %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:229
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Els vostres canvis locals es sobreescriurien pel recull de cireres."
+
+#: sequencer.c:231
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Els vostres canvis locals es sobreescriurien per la reversió."
+
+#: sequencer.c:234
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Cometeu els vostres canvis o emmagatzemeu-los per a procedir."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: No s'ha pogut escriure un fitxer d'índex nou"
+
+#: sequencer.c:339
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut resoldre la comissió HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:359
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut actualitzar l'arbre cau\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut analitzar la comissió %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut analitzar la comissió mare %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:482
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "El vostre fitxer d'índex està sense fusionar."
+
+#: sequencer.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "La comissió %s és una fusió però no s'ha donat cap opció -m."
+
+#: sequencer.c:509
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "La comissió %s no té mare %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+"S'ha especificat la línia principal però la comissió %s no és una fusió."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: no es pot analitzar la comissió mare %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "No es pot obtenir el missatge de comissió de %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:616
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut revertir %s...%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:617
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut aplicar %s...%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:653
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "conjunt de comissions buit passat"
+
+#: sequencer.c:661
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: s'ha fallat en llegir l'índex"
+
+#: sequencer.c:665
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: s'ha fallat en actualitzar l'índex"
+
+#: sequencer.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "No es pot %s durant un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut analitzar la línia %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Cap comissió analitzada."
+
+#: sequencer.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obrir %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Full d'instruccions inusable: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:806
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Clau no vàlida: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Valor no vàlid per a %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Full d'opcions mal format: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:842
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "un recull de cireres o una reversió ja està en curs"
+
+#: sequencer.c:843
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "intenteu \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut crear el directori de seqüenciador %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:863 sequencer.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Error en finalitzar %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:882 sequencer.c:1018
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "ni hi ha cap recull de cireres ni cap reversió en curs"
+
+#: sequencer.c:884
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "no es pot resoldre HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:886
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "no es pot avortar des d'una branca que encara ha de nàixer"
+
+#: sequencer.c:908 builtin/apply.c:4288
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:912
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "final de fitxer inesperat"
+
+#: sequencer.c:918
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+"el fitxer HEAD emmagatzemat abans del recull de cireres '%s' és corrupte"
+
+#: sequencer.c:941
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut formatar %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: no es pot recollir com a cirera un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: revisió dolenta"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1123
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "No es pot revertir com a comissió inicial"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1124
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "No es pot recollir cireres en un cap buit"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git normalment mai crea una referència que acabi amb 40 caràcters\n"
+"hexadecimals perquè s'ignorarà quan només especifiqueu 40 caràcters\n"
+"hexadecimals. Aquestes referències es poden crear per error. Per\n"
+"exemple,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"on \"$br\" és d'alguna manera buit i una referència de 40 caràcters\n"
+"hexadecimals. Si us plau, examineu aquests referències i potser\n"
+"suprimiu-les. Desactiveu aquest missatge executant\n"
+"\"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1068
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD no assenyala cap branca"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "No hi ha tal branca: '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1073
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Cap font configurada per a la branca '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+"La branca font '%s' no s'emmagatzema com a branca que segueixi al remot"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot canviar un .gitmodules no fusionat, primer resoldreu els "
+"conflictes de fusió"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar la secció en .gitmodules on path=%s"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut actualitzar l'entrada de .gitmodules %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut eliminar l'entrada de .gitmodules per a %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "L'allistament del .gitmodules actualitzat ha fallat"
+
+#: submodule.c:1109 builtin/init-db.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut crear l'enllaç de git %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:1120
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut establir core.worktree en %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:491 trailer.c:495 trailer.c:499 trailer.c:553 trailer.c:557
+#: trailer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "valor desconegut '%s' per a la clau '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:543 trailer.c:548 builtin/remote.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "més d'un %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:581
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "fitxa de remolc buida en el remolc '%.*s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir el fitxer d'entrada '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:704
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir des d'stdin"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:202
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Agafant fitxers"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "l'esquema d'URL no és vàlida o li manca el sufix '://'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "seqüència d'escapament %XX no vàlida"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "manca l'host i l'esquema no és 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "un URL 'file:' no pot tenir número de port"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "hi ha caràcters no vàlids en el nom de host"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "número de port no vàlid"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "segment de camí '..' no vàlid"
+
+#: wrapper.c:523
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut accedir a '%s': %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut accedir a '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut trobar l'usuari actual en el fitxer passwd: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:556
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "no hi ha tal usuari"
+
+#: wrapper.c:564
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obtenir el directori de treball actual"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Camins sense fusionar:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git reset %s <fitxer>...\" per a desallistar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git rm --cached <fitxer>...\" per a desallistar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git add <fitxer>...\" per a senyalar resolució)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (useu \"git add/rm <fitxer>...\" segons sigui apropiat per a senyalar "
+"resolució)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git rm <fitxer>...\" per a senyalar resolució)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:878
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Canvis a cometre:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:887
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Canvis no allistats per a cometre:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git add <fitxer>...\" per a actualitzar què es cometrà)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git add/rm <fitxer>...\" per a actualitzar què es cometrà)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (useu \"git checkout -- <fitxer>...\" per a descartar els canvis en el "
+"directori de treball)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (cometeu o descarteu el contingut modificat o no seguit en els submòduls)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git %s <fitxer>...\" per a incloure-ho en què es cometrà)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "suprimit per ambdós:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "afegit per nosaltres:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "suprimit per ells:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "afegit per ells:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "suprimit per nosaltres:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "afegit per ambdós:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "modificat per ambdós:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "bug: estat no fusionat no gestionat %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "fitxer nou:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "copiat:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "suprimit:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "modificat:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "canviat de nom:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "canviat de tipus:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "desconegut:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "sense fusionar:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "comissions noves, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "contingut modificat, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "contingut no seguit, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "bug: estat de diferència no gestionat %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:753
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Submòduls canviats però no actualitzats:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Canvis de submòdul a cometre:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:835
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"No toqueu la línia de sobre.\n"
+"Tot el que hi ha a sota s'eliminarà."
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Teniu camins sense fusionar."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (arregleu els conflictes i executeu \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Tots els conflictes estan arreglats però encara esteu fusionant."
+
+#: wt-status.c:955
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git commit\" per a concloure la fusió)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:965
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Esteu enmig d'una sessió am."
+
+#: wt-status.c:968
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "El pedaç actual està buit."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (arregleu els conflictes i després executeu \"git am --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:974
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git am --skip\" per a ometre aquest pedaç)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git am --abort\" per a restaurar la branca original)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1036 wt-status.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu rebasant la branca '%s' en '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1041 wt-status.c:1058
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu rebasant."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1044
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (arregleu els conflictes i després executeu \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1046
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git rebase --skip\" per a saltar aquest pedaç)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1048
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git rebase --abort\" per a agafar la branca original)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1061
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (tots els conflictes arreglats: executeu \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1065
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Actualment esteu dividint una comissió mentre rebaseu la branca '%s' en '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1070
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu dividint una comissió durant una rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1073
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Una vegada que el vostre directori de treball sigui net, executeu \"git "
+"rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Actualment esteu editant una comissió mentre rebaseu la branca '%s' en '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1082
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu editant una comissió durant una rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1085
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git commit --amend\" per a esmenar la comissió actual)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1087
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (useu \"git rebase --continue\" una vegada que esteu satisfet amb els "
+"vostres canvis)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu recollint com a cirera la comissió %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1102
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (arregleu els conflictes i executeu \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (tots els conflictes arreglats: executeu \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1107
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (useu \"git cherry-pick --abort\" per a cancel·lar l'operació de recull de "
+"cireres)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1116
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu revertint la comissió %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1121
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (arregleu els conflictes i executeu \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (tots els conflictes estan arreglats: executeu \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1126
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (useu \"git revert --abort\" per a cancel·lar l'operació de reversió)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu bisecant, heu començat des de la branca '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1141
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Actualment esteu bisecant."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1144
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (useu \"git bisect reset\" per a tornar a la branca original)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1321
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "En la branca "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1328
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebase en progrés; en "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1333
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD separat a "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1335
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD separat de "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1338
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Actualment no en cap branca."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1355
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Comissió inicial"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1369
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Fitxers no seguits"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1371
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Fitxers ignorats"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"S'ha trigat %.2f segons a enumerar fitxers no seguits.\n"
+"'status -uno' pot accelerar-ho, però heu d'anar amb compte de no\n"
+"oblidar-vos d'afegir fitxers nous per vós mateix (vegeu\n"
+"'git help status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1381
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Els fitxers no seguits no estan llistats%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1383
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (useu l'opció -u per a mostrar els fitxers no seguits)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1389
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Sense canvis"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1394
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"no hi ha canvis afegits a cometre (useu \"git add\" o \"git commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1397
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "no hi ha canvis afegits a cometre\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"no hi ha res afegit a cometre però fitxers no seguits estan presents (useu "
+"\"git add\" per a seguir-los)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1403
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "no hi ha res afegit a cometre però fitxers no seguits estan presents\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"no hi ha res a cometre (creeu/copieu fitxers i useu \"git add\" per a seguir-"
+"los)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1409 wt-status.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "no hi ha res a cometre\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1412
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"no hi ha res a cometre (useu -u per a mostrar els fitxers no seguits)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "no hi ha res a cometre, directori de treball net\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1525
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (sense branca)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1531
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Comissió inicial en "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1563
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "no hi és"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1565 wt-status.c:1573
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "darrere "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en desenllaçar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<opcions>] [--] <especificació-de-camí>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "estat de diff inesperat %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:277
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en actualitzar els fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "elimina '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Canvis no allistats després d'actualitzar l'índex:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:785
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a escriptura."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut escriure el pedaç"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut fer stat a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:216
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "El pedaç és buit. Avortat."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut aplicar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:231
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Els camins següents s'ignoren per un dels vostres fitxers .gitignore:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:248 builtin/clean.c:876 builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/mv.c:110
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/push.c:508 builtin/remote.c:1372
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "marxa en sec"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/apply.c:4577 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1322 builtin/count-objects.c:63 builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:1617 builtin/mv.c:109 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "sigues detallat"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:251
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "recull interactiu"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:1126 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "selecciona els trossos interactivament"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "edita la diferència actual i aplica-la"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "permet afegir fitxers que d'altra manera s'ignoren"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "actualitza els fitxers seguits"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "registra només el fet que el camí s'afegirà més tard"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "afegeix els canvis de tots els fitxers seguits i no seguits"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:260
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignora els camins eliminats en l'arbre de treball (el mateix que --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:262
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "no afegeixis, només actualitza l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "només omet els fitxers que no es poden afegir a causa d'errors"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr ""
+"comproveu si els fitxers - fins i tot els absents - s'ignoren en marxa en sec"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Useu -f si realment els voleu afegir.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:293
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "l'afegiment de fitxers ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:329
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A i -u són mutualment incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:336
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "L'opció --ignore-missing només es pot usar junt amb --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Res especificat, res afegit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Potser volíeu dir 'git add .'?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:363 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:920
+#: builtin/commit.c:335 builtin/mv.c:130 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:299
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "fitxer d'índex malmès"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:446 builtin/apply.c:4675 builtin/mv.c:279 builtin/rm.c:431
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure un fitxer d'índex nou"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<opcions>] [<pedaç>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "opció d'espai en blanc '%s' no reconeguda"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "opció d'ignoral d'espai en blanc '%s' no reconeguda"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:822
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "No es pot preparar l'expressió regular de marca de temps %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:831
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec ha retornat %d per l'entrada: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut trobar el nom de fitxer en el pedaç a la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff dolent - /dev/null esperat, %s rebut en la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff dolent - nom de fitxer nou inconsistent en la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff dolent - nom de fitxer antic inconsistent en la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff dolent - /dev/null esperat en la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1419
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recompte: línia inesperada: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "fragment de pedaç sense capçalera a la línia %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1493
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"a la capçalera de git diff li manca informació de nom de fitxer en eliminar "
+"%d component de nom de camí inicial (línia %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"a la capçalera de git diff li manca informació de nom de fitxer en eliminar "
+"%d components de nom de camí inicial (línia %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "el fitxer nou depèn dels continguts antics"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "el fitxer suprimit encara té continguts"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "el pedaç és malmès a la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "el fitxer nou %s depèn dels continguts antics"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "el fitxer suprimit %s encara té continguts"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** avís: el fitxer %s queda buit però no es suprimeix"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "pedaç binari malmès a la línia %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "pedaç binari no reconegut a la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2051
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "pedaç amb només escombraries a la línia %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2141
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir l'enllaç simbòlic %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir o llegir %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2778
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "inici de línia no vàlid: '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "El tros #%d ha tingut éxit a %d (desplaçament %d línia)."
+msgstr[1] "El tros #%d ha tingut éxit a %d (desplaçament %d línies)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "El context s'ha reduït a (%ld/%ld) per a aplicar el fragment a %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2915
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"tot cercant:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "manquen les dades de pedaç binari de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3036
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "el pedaç binari no s'aplica a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3042
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"el pedaç binari a '%s' crea un resultat incorrecte (esperant %s, %s rebut)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3063
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "el pedaç ha fallat: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3187
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "no es pot agafar %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3232 builtin/apply.c:3243 builtin/apply.c:3288
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "la lectura de %s ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3240
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "llegint de '%s' més enllà d'un enllaç simbòlic"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3268 builtin/apply.c:3490
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "el camí %s s'ha canviat de nom / s'ha suprimit"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3349 builtin/apply.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: no existeix en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3353 builtin/apply.c:3496 builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3358 builtin/apply.c:3512
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: no coincideix amb l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3460
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "el pedaç de supressió deixa els continguts dels fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3529
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: tipus erroni"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3531
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s és del tipus %o, s'esperava %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3690 builtin/apply.c:3692
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "camí no vàlid: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: ja existeix en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: ja existeix en el directori de treball"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3770
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "el mode nou (%o) de %s no coincideix amb el mode antic (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3775
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "el mode nou (%o) de %s no coincideix amb el mode antic (%o) de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "el fitxer afectat '%s' és més enllà d'un enllaç simbòlic"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: el pedaç no aplica"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3813
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Comprovant el pedaç %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3906 builtin/checkout.c:231 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry ha fallat per al camí '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4049
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut eliminar %s de l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4078
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "pedaç corrupte per al submòdul %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut fer stat al fitxer novament creat '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+"no s'ha pogut crear un magatzem de recolzament per al fitxer novament creat "
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4090 builtin/apply.c:4198
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut afegir una entrada de cau per a %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4123
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "tancant el fitxer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4172
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure el fitxer '%s' mode %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "El pedaç %s s'ha aplicat netament."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "error intern"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Aplicant el pedaç %%s amb %d rebuig"
+msgstr[1] "Aplicant el pedaç %%s amb %d rebuitjos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4280
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "truncant el nom del fitxer .rej a %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "El tros #%d s'ha aplicat netament."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4304
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "S'ha rebutjat el tros #%d."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "entrada no reconeguda"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir el fitxer d'índex"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4522 builtin/apply.c:4525 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "camí"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4523
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "no apliquis els canvis que coincideixin amb el camí donat"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "aplica els canvis que coincideixin amb el camí donat"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "número"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4529
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr ""
+"elimina <nombre> barres obliqües inicials dels camins de diferència "
+"tradicionals"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignora afegiments fets pel pedaç"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr ""
+"en lloc d'aplicar el pedaç, emet les estadístiques de diferència de l'entrada"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "mostra el nombre de línies afegides i suprimides en notació decimal"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "en lloc d'aplicar el pedaç, emet un resum de l'entrada"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4542
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "en lloc d'aplicar el pedaç, veges si el pedaç és aplicable"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4544
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "assegura que el pedaç sigui aplicable a l'índex actual"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "aplica un pedaç sense tocar l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4548
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "accepta un pedaç que toqui fora de l'àrea de treball"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "aplica el pedaç també (useu amb --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4552
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "intenta una fusió de tres vies si el pedaç no s'aplica"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4554
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "construeix un índex temporal basat en la informació d'índex incrustada"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556 builtin/checkout-index.c:198 builtin/ls-files.c:412
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "els camins es separen amb el caràcter NUL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4559
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "assegura't que almenys <n> línies de context coincideixin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "acció"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4561
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr ""
+"detecta les línies noves o modificades que tinguin errors d'espai en blanc"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4564 builtin/apply.c:4567
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "ignora els canvis d'espai en blanc en cercar context"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "aplica el pedaç al revés"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4572
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "no esperis almenys una línia de context"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4574
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "deixa els trossos rebutjats en fitxers *.reg coresspondents"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4576
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "permet trossos encavalcants"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4579
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "tolera una línia nova incorrectament detectada al final del fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4582
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "no confiïs en els recomptes de línia en les capçaleres dels trossos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4584
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "arrel"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4585
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "anteposa <arrel> a tots els noms de fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4607
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way fora d'un dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4615
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index fora d'un dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4618
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached fora d'un dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir el pedaç '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4651
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "%d error d'espai en blanc omès"
+msgstr[1] "%d errors d'espai en blanc omesos"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4657 builtin/apply.c:4667
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d línia afegeix errors d'espai en blanc."
+msgstr[1] "%d línies afegeixen errors d'espai en blanc."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot crear el fitxer d'arxiu '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut redirigir la sortida"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Remot sense URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: ACK/NAK esperat, EOF rebut"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: %s NACK"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "error remot: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: error de protocol"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: rentada esperada"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "realitza 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "actualitza BISECT_HEAD en lloc d'agafar la comissió actual"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [<opcions>] [<opcions-de-revisió>] [<revisió>] [--] fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:35
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "es documenten les <opcions-de-revisió> en git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2500
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Mostra les entrades de culpa mentre les trobem, incrementalment"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2501
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra un SHA-1 en blanc per les comissions de frontera (Per defecte: "
+"desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2502
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"No tractis les comissions d'arrel com a límits (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2503
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Mostra les estadístiques de preu de treball"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2504
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Mostra la puntuació de sortida de les entrades de culpa"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2505
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Mostra el nom de fitxer original (Per defecte: automàtic)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2506
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostra el número de línia original (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2507
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Presenta en un format dissenyat per consumpció per màquina"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2508
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Mostra el format de porcellana amb informació de comissió per línia"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2509
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Usa el mateix mode de sortida que git-annotate (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2510
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostra la marca de temps crua (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2511
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Mostra l'SHA1 de comissió llarg (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2512
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Omet el nom d'autor i la marca de temps (Per defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2513
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra l'adreça de correu electrònic de l'autor en lloc del nom (Per "
+"defecte: desactivat)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2514
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignora les diferencies d'espai en blanc"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2515
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Gasta cicles extres per a trobar una coincidència millor"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2516
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Usa les revisions de <fitxer> en lloc d'invocar git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Usa els continguts de <fitxer> com a la imatge final"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518 builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "puntuació"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Troba còpies de línia dins i a través dels fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Troba moviments de línia dins i a través dels fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Processa només el rang de línies n,m, comptant des de 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2601
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "fa 4 anys i 11 mesos"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<opcions>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<opcions>] [-l] [-f] <nom-de-branca> [<punt-inicial>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<opcions>] [-r] (-d | -D) <nom-de-branca>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<opcions>] (-m | -M) [<branca-antiga>] <branca-nova>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"suprimint la branca '%s' que s'ha fusionat a\n"
+"         '%s', però encara no s'ha fusionat\n"
+"         a HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"no suprimint la branca '%s' que encara no s'ha\n"
+"         fusionat a '%s', encara que està\n"
+"         fusionada a HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:170
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar l'objecte de comissió de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:174
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"La branca '%s' no està totalment fusionada.\n"
+"Si esteu segur que la voleu suprimir, executeu 'git branch -D %s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:187
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "L'actualització del fitxer de configuració ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:215
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "no es pot usar -a amb -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:221
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar l'objecte de comissió de HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "No es pot suprimir la branca '%s', en la qual sou actualment."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:245
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "no s'ha trobat la branca remota '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "no s'ha trobat la branca '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Error en suprimir la branca remota '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Error en suprimir la branca '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "S'ha suprimit la branca remota %s (ha estat %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "S'ha suprimit la branca %s (ha estat %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "la branca '%s' no assenyala cap comissió"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: no hi és]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: darrere per %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[darrere de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: davant per %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[davant de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: davant per %d, darrere per %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:483
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[davant %d, darrere %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** referència no vàlida ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(cap branca, rebasant %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(cap branca, bisecció començada en %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:596
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD separat a %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:599
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD separat de %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:603
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(cap branca)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "l'objecte '%s' no assenyala cap comissió"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr "no s'han pogut llegir algunes referències"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "no es pot canviar el nom de la branca actual mentre no s'és a cap."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nom de branca no vàlid: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:736
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "El canvi de nom de branca ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "S'ha canviat el nom de la branca malanomenada '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "S'ha canviat el nom de la branca a %s, però HEAD no està actualitzat!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:751
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+"La branca està canviada de nom, però l'actualització del fitxer de "
+"configuració ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "nom d'objecte %s mal format"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure la plantilla de descripció de branca: %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Opcions genèriques"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "mostra el hash i el tema, doneu dues vegades per la branca font"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "omet els missatges informatius"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "configura el mode de seguiment (vegeu git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "canvia la informació de font"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "usa sortida colorada"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "actua en branques amb seguiment remot"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834 builtin/branch.c:840 builtin/branch.c:861
+#: builtin/branch.c:867 builtin/commit.c:1582 builtin/commit.c:1583
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584 builtin/commit.c:1585 builtin/tag.c:616
+#: builtin/tag.c:622
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "comissió"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835 builtin/branch.c:841
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les branques que continguin la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:847
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Accions de git-branch específiques:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "llista les branques amb seguiment remot i les locals"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:850
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "suprimeix la branca si és completament fusionada"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:851
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "suprimeix la branca (encara que no estigui fusionada)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:852
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "mou/canvia de nom una branca i el seu registre de referència"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:853
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "mou/canvia de nom una branca, encara que el destí existeixi"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:854
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "llista els noms de branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "crea el registre de referència de la branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "edita la descripció de la branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:858
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "força creació, moviment/canvi de nom, supressió"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les branques sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:867
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les branques fusionades"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:871
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "llista les branques en columnes"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:884
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en resoldre HEAD com a referència vàlida."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:888 builtin/clone.c:637
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD no trobat sota refs/heads!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:910
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column i --verbose són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:921 builtin/branch.c:960
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "cal el nom de branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:936
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "No es pot donar descripció a un HEAD separat"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "no es pot editar la descripció de més d'una branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Encara no hi ha comissió en la branca '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:951
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "No hi ha branca amb nom '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "hi ha massa branques per a una operació de canvi de nom"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:971
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "hi ha massa branques per a establir una nova font"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:975
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"no s'ha pogut establir la font de HEAD com a %s quan no assenyala cap branca."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:978 builtin/branch.c:1000 builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "no hi ha tal branca '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branca '%s' no existeix"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "hi ha massa branques per a desestablir la font"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:998
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"no s'ha pogut desestablir la font de HEAD perquè no assenyala cap branca."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "La branca '%s' no té informació de font"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1018
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "no té sentit crear 'HEAD' manualment"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1024
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"les opcions -a i -r a 'git branch' no tenen sentit amb un nom de branca"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1027
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La bandera --set-upstream està desaprovada i s'eliminarà. Considereu usar --"
+"track o --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si volíeu fer '%s' seguir '%s', feu això:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1045
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s està bé\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "Cal un dipòsit per a fer un farcell."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Cal un dipòsit per a desfer un farcell."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:326
+msgid "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <tipus> | --textconv) <objecte>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <llista-d'objectes>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:364
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<tipus> pot ser un de: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:365
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "mostra el tipus de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:366
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "mostra la mida de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:368
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "surt amb zero quan no hi ha error"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:369
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "imprimeix bellament el contingut de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:371
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "en els objectes de blob, executa textconv en el contingut de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:373
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra la informació i contingut dels objectes rebuts de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:376
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "mostra informació sobre els objectes rebuts de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <atribut>...] [--] <nom-de-camí>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+"git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <atribut>...] < <llista-de-camins>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "informa de tots els atributs establerts en el fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "usa .gitattributes només des de l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "llegeix els noms de fitxer d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "acaba els registres d'entrada i de sortida amb un caràcter NUL"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/gc.c:274
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "omet el reportatge de progrés"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "mostra els camins d'entrada que no coincideixin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "ignora l'índex en comprovar"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "no es pot especificar noms de camí amb --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z només té sentit amb --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "cap camí especificat"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet només és vàlid amb un sol nom de camí"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "no es pot tenir ambdós --quiet i --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching és vàlid només amb --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<opcions>] <contacte>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "també llegeix els contactes des d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar el contacte: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "no hi ha contactes especificats"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<opcions>] [--] [<fitxer>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "agafa tots els fitxers en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:189
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "força la sobreescriptura de fitxers existents"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:191
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "cap avís per a fitxers existents i fitxers no en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:193
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "no agafis fitxers nous"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:195
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "actualitza la informació d'estadístiques en el fitxer d'índex"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:201
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "llegeix la llista de camins des de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "escriu el contingut a fitxers temporals"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "cadena"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:205
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "en crear fitxers, anteposa <cadena>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:208
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "copia els fitxers des de l'etapa anomenada"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<opcions>] <branca>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<opcions>] [<branca>] -- <fitxer>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132 builtin/checkout.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "el camí '%s' no té la versió nostra"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "el camí '%s' no té la versió seva"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "el camí '%s' no té totes les versions necessàries"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "el camí '%s' no té les versions necessàries"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "camí '%s': no es pot fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut afegir el resultat de fusió per a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:255
+#: builtin/checkout.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' no es pot usar amb actualització de camins"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' no es pot usar amb %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot actualitzar els camins i canviar a la branca '%s' a la vegada."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:278 builtin/checkout.c:467
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "fitxer d'índex corrupte"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:338 builtin/checkout.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "el camí '%s' està sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:489
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "heu de resoldre el vostre índex actual primer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr "No es pot fer reflog per a '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD ara és a"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Restableix la branca '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Ja en '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "S'ha agafat i restablert la branca '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:669 builtin/checkout.c:1050
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "S'ha agafat la branca nova '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "S'ha agafat la branca '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:723
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... i %d més.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:729
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Avís: esteu deixant enrere %d comissió, no connectada a\n"
+"cap de les vostres branques:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Avís: esteu deixant enrere %d comissions, no connectades a\n"
+"cap de les vostres branques:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si les voleu retenir creant una branca nova, ara pot ser un bon moment per\n"
+"a fer-ho amb:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <nom-de-branca-nova> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:777
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "error intern en el passeig per revisions"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:781
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "La posició de HEAD anterior era"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:808 builtin/checkout.c:1045
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Sou en una branca que encara ha de nàixer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:952
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "només una referència esperada, %d donades."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "referència no vàlida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1020
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "la referència no és un arbre: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "els camins no es poden usar amb canvi de branca"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062 builtin/checkout.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' no es pot usar amb canvi de branca"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' no es pot usar amb '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "No es pot canviar la branca a una no comissió '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108 builtin/checkout.c:1110 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:159 builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "branca"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1109
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "crea i agafa una branca nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "crea/restableix i agafa una branca"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1112
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "crea un registre de referència per a la branca nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "separa el HEAD a la comissió anomenada"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1114
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "estableix la informació de font de la branca nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "branca-nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "branca nova sense mare"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1117
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "agafa la versió nostra dels fitxers sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1119
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "agafa la versió seva dels fitxers sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1121
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "agafa a la força (descarta qualsevulles modificacions locals)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1122
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "realitza una fusió de 3 vies amb la branca nova"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1123 builtin/merge.c:227
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "actualitza els fitxers ignorats (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1124 builtin/log.c:1239 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "estil"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "estil de conflicte (fusió o diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "no limitis les especificacions de camí només a entrades escasses"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1130
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "dubta 'git checkout <cap-branca-així>'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B i --orphan són mutualment exclusius"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1170
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track necessita un nom de branca"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1175
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Manca el nom de branca; proveu -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1212
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "especificació de camí no vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"No es poden actualitzar els camins i canviar a la branca '%s' a la vegada.\n"
+"Volíeu agafar '%s', la qual no es pot resoldre com a comissió?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1224
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach no accepta un paràmetre de camí '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1228
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force i --merge són incompatibles en\n"
+"agafar de l'índex."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <patró>] [-x | -X] [--] <camins>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Eliminant %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Eliminaria %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Saltant el dipòsit %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Saltaria el dipòsit %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en eliminar %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Ajuda d'avís:\n"
+"1          - selecciona un ítem numerat\n"
+"foo        - selecciona un ítem basat en un prefix únic\n"
+"           - (buit) no seleccionis res"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:299
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Ajuda d'avís:\n"
+"1          - selecciona un sol ítem\n"
+"3-5        - selecciona un rang d'ítems\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - selecciona múltiples rangs\n"
+"foo        - selecciona un ítem basat en un prefix únic\n"
+"-...       - desselecciona els ítems seleccionats\n"
+"*          - tria tots els ítems\n"
+"           - (buit) finalitza la selecció"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:517
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Perdó (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Introduïu els patrons a ignorar>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "AVÍS: No es pot trobar ítems que coincideixin amb: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Selecciona els ítems a suprimir"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Voleu eliminar %s [y/N]? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:783
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Adéu."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:791
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - comença a netejar\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclou ítems de supressió\n"
+"select by numbers   - selecciona ítems a suprimir per números\n"
+"ask each            - confirma cada supressió (com \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - deixa de netejar\n"
+"help                - aquesta pantalla\n"
+"?                   - ajuda de selecció de l'avís"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Ordres ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:819
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Què ara"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:827
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Eliminaria l'ítem següent:"
+msgstr[1] "Eliminaria els ítems següents:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:844
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "No hi ha més fitxers a netejar; sortint."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "no imprimeixis els noms dels fitxers eliminats"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "força"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:878
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "neteja interactiva"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "elimina directoris sencers"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:714
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:443 builtin/name-rev.c:311 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "patró"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "afegiu <patró> per a ignorar les regles"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:883
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "elimina els fitxers ignorats, també"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:885
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "elimina només els fitxers ignorats"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:903
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x i -X no es poden usar junts"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:907
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce està establerta a veritat i ni -i, -n ni -f s'ha donat; "
+"refusant netejar"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:910
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce és per defecte veritat i ni -i, -n ni -f s'ha donat; "
+"refusant netejar"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<opcions>] [--] <dipòsit> [<directori>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66 builtin/fetch.c:111 builtin/merge.c:224
+#: builtin/push.c:523
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "força l'informe de progrés"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "no facis cap agafada"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/clone.c:71 builtin/init-db.c:496
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "crea un dipòsit nu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "crea un dipòsit reflectit (implica bare)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "per a clonar des d'un dipòsit local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "no usis enllaços durs locals, sempre copia"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "configura com a dipòsit compartit"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "initialitza els submòduls en el clon"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:493
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "directori-de-plantilla"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "directori del qual les plantilles s'usaran"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "dipòsit de referència"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "nom"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "usa <nom> en lloc de 'origin' per a seguir la font"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "agafa <branca> en lloc del HEAD del remot"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "camí a git-upload-pack en el remot"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "profunditat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "crea un clon superficial de tal profunditat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "clona només una branca, HEAD o --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "usa --reference només en clonar"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100 builtin/init-db.c:502
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "directori de git"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101 builtin/init-db.c:503
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "separa el directori de git de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "calu=valor"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:103
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "estableix la configuració dins del dipòsit nou"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "el dipòsit de referència '%s' no és un dipòsit local."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "el dipòsit de referència '%s' és superficial"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "el dipòsit de referència '%s' és empeltat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en crear el directori '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:327 builtin/diff.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en fer stat a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s existeix i no és un directori"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en fer stat a '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en crear l'enllaç '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:369
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en copiar el fitxer a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:392 builtin/clone.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "fet.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:404
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La clonació ha tingut èxit, però l'agafada ha fallat.\n"
+"Podeu inspeccionar què s'ha agafat amb 'git status' i\n"
+"tornar a intentar l'agafada amb 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar la branca remota %s per a clonar."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Provant connectivitat... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:564
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "el remot no ha enviat tots els objectes necessaris"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"el HEAD remot es refereix a una referència que no existeix; no s'ha pogut "
+"agafar.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:659
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut agafar l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:746
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "no es pot reempaquetar per a netejar"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:748
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "no es pot desenllaçar el fitxer d'alternatives temporal"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Hi ha massa paràmetres."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:782
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Heu d'especificar un dipòsit per a clonar."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:793
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "les opcions --bare i --origin %s són incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare i --separate-git-dir són incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "el dipòsit '%s' no existeix"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:815 builtin/fetch.c:1156
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "la profunditat %s no és nombre positiu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:825
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "el camí destí '%s' ja existeix i no és un directori buit."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "l'arbre de treball '%s' ja existeix."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:850 builtin/clone.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear els directoris inicials de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear el directori d'arbre de treball '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonant al dipòsit nu '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:873
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonant a '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:898
+msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+msgstr "s'ha donat --dissociate, però no hi ha --reference"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:913
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth s'ignora en els clons locals; useu file:// en lloc d'això."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:916
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "el dipòsit font és superficial, ignorant --local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local s'ignora"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:925
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "No es sap com clonar %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:976 builtin/clone.c:984
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "La branca remota %s no es troba en la font %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:987
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Sembla que heu clonat un dipòsit buit."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "cerca les variables de configuració"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "pla a usar"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Amplada màxima"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Espai d'encoixinada en el marge esquerre"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Espai d'encoixinada en el marge dret"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Espai d'encoixinada entre columnes"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command ha de ser el primer paràmetre"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:37
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<opcions>] [--] <especificació-de-camí>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:42
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<opcions>] [--] <especificació-de-camí>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:47
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"S'han configurat el vostre nom i adreça de correu electrònic\n"
+"automàticament basats en el vostre nom d'usuari i nom de host. Si us\n"
+"plau, comproveu que siguin correctes. Podeu suprimir aquest missatge\n"
+"establint-los explícitament. Executeu l'ordre següent i seguiu les\n"
+"instruccions en el vostre editor per editar el vostre fitxer de\n"
+"configuració:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"Després de fer això, podeu arreglar la identitat usada per a aquesta\n"
+"comissió amb:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"S'han configurat el vostre nom i adreça de correu electrònic\n"
+"automàticament basats en el vostre nom d'usuari i nom de host. Si us\n"
+"plau, comproveu que siguin correctes. Podeu suprimir aquest missatge\n"
+"establint-los explícitament:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"El Vostre Nom\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email tu@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Després de fer això, podeu arreglar la identitat usada per a aquesta\n"
+"comissió amb:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Heu demanat esmenar la comissió més recent, però fer això la\n"
+"deixaria buida. Podeu repetir la vostra ordre amb --allow-empty, o\n"
+"podeu eliminar la comissió per complet amb \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:77
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"El recull de cireres previ ja està buit, possiblement a causa de resolució "
+"de conflicte.\n"
+"Si el voleu cometre de totes maneres, useu:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:84
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "D'altra manera, si us plau, useu 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:87
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si voleu ometre aquesta comissió, useu:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Llavors \"git cherry-pick --continue\" reprendrà recollint\n"
+"com a cireres les comissions restants.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:304
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en desempaquetar l'objecte d'arbre HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:344
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear un índex temporal"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:350
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "l'afegiment interactiu ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:361
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure el fitxer d'índex"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:363
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut actualitzar l'índex temporal"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en actualitzar l'arbre principal de memòria cau"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:414 builtin/commit.c:463
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure el fitxer new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:445
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "no es pot fer una comissió parcial durant una fusió."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "no es pot fer una comissió parcial durant un recull de cireres."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:456
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:475
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure un fitxer d'índex temporal"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "a la comissió '%s' li manca la capçalera d'autor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "la comissió '%s' té una línia d'autor mal formada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:601
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "paràmetre --author mal format"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "format de data no vàlid: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:653
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"no es pot seleccionar un caràcter de comentari que\n"
+"no sigui usat en el missatge de comissió actual"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:690 builtin/commit.c:723 builtin/commit.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut trobar la comissió %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:702 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(llegint el missatge de registre de l'entrada estàndard)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir el fitxer de registre '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:734
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogur llegir SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:785
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure la plantilla de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Sembla que podeu estar cometent una fusió.\n"
+"Si això no és correcte, si us plau, elimineu el fitxer\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"i intenteu-ho de nou.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Sembla que podeu estar cometent un recull de cireres.\n"
+"Si això no és correcte, si us plau elimineu el fitxer\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"i intenteu-ho de nou.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, introduïu el missatge de comissió dels vostres canvis.\n"
+"S'ignoraran les línies començant amb '%c', i un missatge de\n"
+"comissió buit avorta la comissió.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:828
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, introduïu el missatge de comissió dels vostres canvis.\n"
+"Es retindran les línies començants amb '%c'; podeu eliminar-les per vós\n"
+"mateix si voleu. Un missatge buit avorta la comissió.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:848
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sAutor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:856
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sData:      %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sComitent: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:881
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "No es pot llegir l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:938
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Error en construir arbres"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:953 builtin/tag.c:495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Si us plau, proveïu el missatge per usar o l'opció -m o l'opció -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author '%s' no és 'Nom <adreça-de-correu-electrònic>' i no coincideix amb\n"
+"cap autor existent"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070 builtin/commit.c:1310
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Mode de fitxers no seguits no vàlid '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1107
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long i -z són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1137
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Usar ambdós --reset-author i --author no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1146
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "No teniu res a esmenar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1149
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Esteu enmig d'una fusió -- no es pot esmenar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1151
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Esteu enmig d'un recull de cireres -- no es pot esmenar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Les opcions --squash i --fixup no es poden usar juntes"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Només un de -c/-C/-F/--fixup es pot usar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "L'opció -m no es pot combinar amb -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author només es pot usar amb -C, -c o --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1191
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr "Només un de --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch es pot usar."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1193
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "--include/--only no té sentit sense camí."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1195
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Intel·ligent... esmenant l'últim amb índex brut."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1197
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+"S'han especificat camins explícits sense -i o -o; presumint camins --only..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1209 builtin/tag.c:728
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Mode de neteja no vàlid %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "-a no té sentit amb camins."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1324 builtin/commit.c:1604
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "mostra l'estat concisament"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1326 builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "mostra la informació de branca"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1328 builtin/commit.c:1608 builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "sortida llegible per màquina"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1331 builtin/commit.c:1610
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "mostra l'estat en format llarg (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1334 builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "acaba les entrades amb NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1336 builtin/commit.c:1616 builtin/fast-export.c:980
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:983 builtin/tag.c:603
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "mode"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra els fitxers no seguits, modes opcional: all, normal, no. (Per "
+"defecte: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "mostra els fitxers ignorats"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1341 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "quan"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignora els canvis als submòduls, opcional quan: all, dirty, untracked. (Per "
+"defecte: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1344
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "mostra els fitxers no seguits en columnes"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut trobar la comissió novament creada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar la comissió novament creada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD separat"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (comissió d'arrel)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "omet el resum després d'una comissió reeixida"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "mostra la diferència en la plantilla de missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1577
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Opcions de missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578 builtin/tag.c:601
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "llegiu el missatge des d'un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "autor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "autor corregit de la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580 builtin/gc.c:275
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "data"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "data corregida de la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581 builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/notes.c:391
+#: builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/tag.c:599
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "missatge"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "reusa i edita el missatge de la comissió especificada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "reusa el missatge de la comissió especificada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"usa el missatge formatat d'aixafada automàtica per a arreglar la comissió "
+"especificada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1585
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"usa el missatge formatat d'aixafada automàtica per a aixafar la comissió "
+"especificada"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "l'autor de la comissió ja sóc jo (usat amb -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587 builtin/log.c:1191 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "afegeix Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1588
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "usa el fitxer de plantilla especificat"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1589
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "força l'edició de la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "per defecte"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590 builtin/tag.c:604
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "com despullar els espais i #comentaris del missatge"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "inclou l'estat en la plantilla de missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592 builtin/merge.c:225 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/tag.c:605
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "ID de clau"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1593 builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "firma la comissió amb GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Opcions dels continguts de les comissions"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "comet tots els fitxers canviats"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "afegeix els fitxers especificats a l'índex per a cometre"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "afegeix els fitxers interactivament"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "afegeix els canvis interactivament"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "comet només els fitxers especificats"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "evita el ganxo de precomissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "mostra què es cometria"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "esmena la comissió anterior"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "evita el ganxo de postreescriure"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "està bé registrar un canvi buit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1622
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "està bé registrar un canvi amb missatge buit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1651
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar la comissió HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1690 builtin/merge.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir '%s' per a lectura"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1697
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Fitxer MERGE_HEAD corrupte (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1704
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1723
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir el missatge de comissió: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1734
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Avortant la comissió; no heu editat el missatge.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1739
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Avortant la comissió a causa d'un missatge de comissió buit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1754 builtin/merge.c:851 builtin/merge.c:876
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en escriure l'objecte de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1787
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"S'ha actualitzat el dipòsit, però no es pot escriure el\n"
+"fitxer new_index. Comproveu que el disc no estigui ple i\n"
+"que la quota no estigui excedida, i després\n"
+"\"git reset HEAD\" per a recuperar."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Ubicació del fitxer de configuració"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "usa el fitxer de configuració global"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "usa el fitxer de configuració del sistema"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "usa el fitxer de configuració del dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "usa el fitxer de configuració donat"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "ID de blob"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "llegeix la configuració de l'objecte de blob donat"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Acció"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtén valor: nom [regex-de-valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtén tots els valors: clau [regex-de-valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtén valors de regexp: regex-de-noms [regex-de-valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "obtén el valor especific per a l'URL: secció[.variable] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+"reemplaça totes les variables que coincideixen: nom valor [regex_de_valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "afegeix una variable nova: nom valor"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "elimina una variable: nom [regex-de-valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "elimina totes les coincidències: nom [regex-de-valors]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "canvia el nom de secció: nom-antic nom-nou"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "elimina una secció: nom"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "llista tots"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "obre un editor"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "troba el color configurat: ranura [per defecte]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "troba l'ajust de color: ranura [stdout-és-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Tipus"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "el valor és \"true\" o \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "el valor és un nombre decimal"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "el valor és --bool o --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "el valor és un camí (nom de fitxer o directori)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Altre"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "acaba els valors amb un octet NUL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "respecta les directives d'inclusió en cercar"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:316
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar el valor de color per defecte"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:457
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Això és el fitxer de configuració del Git de l'usuari.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Si us plau, adapteu i descomenteu les línies següents:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:589
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "no es pot crear el fitxer de configuració '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:55
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:65
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "imprimeix les mides en un format llegible per humans"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [opcions] [<comissió>...]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<opcions>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "l'etiqueta anotada %s no és disponible"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "l'etiqueta anotada %s no té nom incrustat"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "l'etiqueta '%s' realment és '%s' aquí"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:452
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "%s no és un nom d'objecte vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s no és un objecte de '%s' vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "cap etiqueta coincideix exactament amb '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "cercant per a descriure %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "s'ha finalitzat la cerca a %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Cap etiqueta anotada pot descriure '%s'.\n"
+"No obstant, hi havia etiquetes no anotades: proveu --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Cap etiqueta pot descriure '%s'.\n"
+"Proveu --always, o creeu algunes etiquetes."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "%lu comissions travessades\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"s'ha trobat més de %i etiquetes: s'ha llistat les %i més recents\n"
+"s'ha renunciat la cerca a %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "troba l'etiqueta que vingui després de la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "estratègia de cerca de depuració en stderr"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "usa qualsevulla referència"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "usa qualsevulla etiqueta, fins i tot aquelles sense anotar"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "sempre usa el format llarg"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "només segueix la primera mare"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "emet només coincidències exactes"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "considera les <n> etiquetes més recents (per defecte: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "només considera les etiquetes que coincideixen amb <patró>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "mostra l'objecte de comissió abreviat com a retrocediment"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "marca"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "annexa <marca> en l'arbre de treball brut (per defecte: \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long és incompatible amb --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Cap nom trobat, no es pot descriure res."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty és incompatible amb les comissions"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s': no és ni fitxer regular ni enllaç simbòlic"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "opció no vàlida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:358
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "No és un dipòsit de git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "s'ha donat un objecte no vàlid '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha donat més de dos blobs: '%s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:417
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "s'ha donat l'objecte no gestionat '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:24
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [opcions-de-llista-de-revisions]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:979
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "mostra el progrés després de <n> objectes"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:981
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "selecciona la gestió de les etiquetes firmades"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "selecciona la gestió de les etiquetes que etiquetin objectes filtrats"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:987
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Bolca les marques a aquest fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Importa les marques d'aquest fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:991
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Fingeix un etiquetador quan els en manca un a les etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:993
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Imprimeix l'arbre complet de cada comissió"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:995
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Usa la característica done per a acabar el corrent"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Salta l'emissió de dades de blob"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "especificació de referència"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Aplica l'especificació de referència a les referències exportades"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "anonimitza la sortida"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:19
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<opcions>] [<dipòsit> [<especificació-de-referència>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<opcions>] <grup>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<opcions>] [(<dipòsit> | <grup>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "obtén de tots els remots"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:91
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "annexa a .git/FETCH_HEAD en lloc de sobreescriure"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "camí al qual pujar el paquet al costat remot"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "força la sobreescriptura de la branca local"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "obtén de múltiples remots"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "obtén totes les etiquetes i tots els objectes associats"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "no obtinguis les etiquetes (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "poda les branques amb seguiment remot que ja no estiguin en el remot"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "sota demanda"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:104
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "controla l'obteniment recursiu de submòduls"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "desa el paquet baixat"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:110
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "permet l'actualització de la referència HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "aprofundeix la història d'un clon superficial"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "converteix en un dipòsit complet"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "directori"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "anteposa això a la sortida de camí del submòdul"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:121
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "mode de recursivitat per defecte"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "accepta les referències que actualitzin .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:124
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "mapa de referències"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:125
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "mostra el mapa de referències d'obteniment"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar la referència HEAD remota"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "objecte %s no trobat"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:460
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[al dia]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (no es pot obtenir en la branca actual)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:475 builtin/fetch.c:561
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[rebutjat]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[actualització d'etiqueta]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488 builtin/fetch.c:523 builtin/fetch.c:541
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (no s'ha pogut actualitzar la referència local)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:506
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[etiqueta nova]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:509
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[branca nova]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:512
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[referència nova]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut actualitzar la referència local"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "actualització forçada"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:563
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(sense avanç ràpid)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:596 builtin/fetch.c:829
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir %s: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:605
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s no ha enviat tots els objectes necessaris\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr ""
+"rebutja %s perquè no es permet que les arrels superficials s'actualitzin"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:711 builtin/fetch.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "De %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:722
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"algunes referències locals no s'han pogut actualitzar;\n"
+" intenteu executar 'git remote prune %s' per a eliminar\n"
+" qualsevulla branca antiga o conflictiva"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:774
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s es tornarà penjant)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:775
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s s'ha tornat penjant)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:799
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[suprimit]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:800 builtin/remote.c:1060
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(cap)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Refusant obtenir en la branca actual %s d'un dipòsit no nu"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:838
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "L'opció \"%s\" amb valor \"%s\" no és vàlida per a %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "S'ignora l'opció \"%s\" per a %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "No es sap com obtenir de %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1059
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Obtenint %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1061 builtin/remote.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obtenir %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1079
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Cap dipòsit remot especificat. Si us plau, especifiqueu o un URL o\n"
+"un nom remot del qual es deuen obtenir les revisions noves."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Necessiteu especificar un nom d'etiqueta."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1144
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth i --unshallow no es poden usar junts"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1146
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow en un dipòsit complet no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1169
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all no accepta un paràmetre de dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1171
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all no té sentit amb especificacions de referència"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "No hi ha tal remot ni tal grup remot: %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1190
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Obtenir un grup i especificar referències no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <missatge>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <fitxer>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:665 builtin/grep.c:698
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657 builtin/show-ref.c:178 builtin/tag.c:590
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "emplena el registre amb <n> entrades del registre curt com a màxim"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "àlies per --log (desaprovat)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "text"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "usa <text> com a inici de missatge"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "fitxer del qual llegir"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:675
+msgid "unable to parse format"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar el format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1063
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<opcions>] [<patró>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1078
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr ""
+"posa els marcadors de posició entre cometes adequades per als terminals"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1080
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "posa els marcadors de posició entre cometes adequades per a perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1082
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "posa els marcadors de posició entre cometes adequades per a python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1084
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "posa els marcadors de posició entre cometes adequades per a Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1087
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "mostra només <n> referències coincidents"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088 builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "format a usar en la sortida"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1089
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "clau"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1090
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "nom de camp en el qual ordenar"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:147 builtin/prune.c:137
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Comprovant connectivitat"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:540
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Comprovant els directoris d'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:603
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<opcions>] [<objecte>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:609
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "mostra els objectes inabastables"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:610
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "mostra els objectes penjants"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:611
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "informa de les etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:612
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "informa dels nodes d'arrel"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "fes els objectes d'índex nodes de cap"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "fes que els registres de referències siguin nodes de cap (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "també considera els paquets i els objectes alternatius"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "habilita la comprovació més estricta"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "escriu objectes penjants a .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619 builtin/prune.c:108
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "mostra el progrés"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:669
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Comprovant els objectes"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:24
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+msgstr "gc.pruneexpire no vàlid: %s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "directori d'objectes increïblement llarg %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:276
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "poda objectes sense referència"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:278
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "sigues més exhaustiu (el temps d'execució augmenta)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:279
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "habilita el mode de recollida d'escombraries automàtica"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:280
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "força l'execució de gc encara que hi pugui haver un altre gc executant"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Empaquetant automàticament el dipòsit en el fons per rendiment òptim.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:323
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Empaquetant automàticament el dipòsit per rendiment òptim.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Vegeu \"git help gc\" per neteja manual.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:342
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"gc ja està executant en la màquina '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (useu --force si no)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:364
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Hi ha massa objectes solts inabastables; executeu 'git prune' per a eliminar-"
+"los."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<opcions>] [-e] <patró> [<revisió>...] [[--] <camí>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: s'ha fallat en crear fil: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:441 builtin/grep.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir l'arbre (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "no es pot fer grep des d'un objecte de tipus %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:547
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "l'opció `%c' espera un valor numèric"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:638
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "cerca en l'índex en lloc de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:640
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "cerca en continguts no gestionats per git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "cerca tant en fitxers seguits com en no seguits"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "ignora els fitxers especificats mitjançant '.gitignore'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "mostra les línies no coincidents"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "coincidència insensible a majúscula i minúscula"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "coincideix amb els patrons només als límits de paraula"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "processa els fitxers binaris com a text"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "no coincideixis amb els patrons en els fitxers binaris"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "processa els fitxers binaris amb filtres de textconv"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "descendeix com a màxim <profunditat> nivells"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "usa les expressions regulars POSIX esteses"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "usa les expressions regulars POSIX bàsiques (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "interpreta els patrons com a cadenes fixades"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "usa les expressions regulars compatibles amb Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "mostra els números de línia"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "no mostris els noms de fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "mostra els noms de fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "mostra els noms de fitxer relatius al directori superior"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "mostra només els noms de fitxer en lloc de les línies coincidents"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "sinònim de --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "mostra només els noms dels fitxers sense coincidència"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "imprimeix NUL desprès dels noms de fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "mostra el nombre de coincidències en lloc de les línies coincidents"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "ressalta les coincidències"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "imprimeix una línia buida entre coincidències de fitxers distints"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra el nom de fitxer només una vegada a dalt de les coincidències del "
+"mateix fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "mostra <n> línies de context abans i després d'una coincidència"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "mostra <n> línies de context abans d'una coincidència"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "mostra <n> línies de context després d'una coincidència"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "drecera per -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "mostra una línia amb el nom de funció abans de les coincidències"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "mostra la funció circumdant"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "llegeix els patrons des d'un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "coincideix amb <patró>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "combina els patrons especificats amb -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:729
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "indica coincidència amb estat de sortida sense sortida textual"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra només les coincidències dels fitxers que coincideixin amb tots els "
+"patrons"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "mostra l'arbre d'anàlisis de l'expressió de grep"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "paginador"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "mostra els fitxers coincidents en el paginador"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "permet la invocació de grep(1) (ignorat per aquesta compilació)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "mostra l'ús"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:808
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "cap patró donat."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager només funciona en l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:892
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached o --untracked no es pot usar amb --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index o --untracked no es pot usar amb revisions."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:900
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard no es pot usar per als continguts seguits."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:908
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "s'han donat ambdós --caches i arbres."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <tipus>] [-w] [--path=<fitxer> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <fitxer>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:83
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <llista-de-camins>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94 builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "tipus"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "tipus d'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:95
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "escriu l'objecte a la base de dades d'objectes"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "llegiu l'objecte des d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "emmagatzema el fitxer tal com és sense filtres"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"només suma qualsevulla brossa aleatòria per a crear objectes corruptes per a "
+"depurar al Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:101
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "processa el fitxer com si fos d'aquest camí"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "imprimeix totes les ordres disponibles"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "imprimeix la llista de guies útils"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "mostra la pàgina de manual"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "mostra la pàgina de manual en el navegador web"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "mostra la pàgina d'informació"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<ordre>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "format d'ajuda no reconegut '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en iniciar emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en analitzar la versió d'emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "la versió d'emacsclient '%d' és massa vella (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:158 builtin/help.c:167 builtin/help.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en executar '%s': %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': camí a un visualitzador de manuals no compatible.\n"
+"Si us plau, considereu usar 'man.<eina>.cmd' en lloc d'això."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': ordre per a un visualitzador de manuals compatible.\n"
+"Si us plau, considereu usar 'man.<eina>.path' en lloc d'això."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s': visualitzador de manuals desconegut"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:371
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "cap visualitzador de manuals ha gestionat la sol·licitud"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:379
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "cap visualitzador d'informació ha gestionat la sol·licitud"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "La definició d'atributs per camí"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:429
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Git quotidià amb més o menys 20 ordres"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:430
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Un glossari de Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:431
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Especifica els fitxers intencionalment no seguits a ignorar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "La definició de les propietats de submòduls"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:433
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "L'especificació de revisions i rangs per al Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:434
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Una introducció tutorial al Git (per a la versió 1.5.1 o més nou)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:435
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Una visió de conjunt de fluxos de treball recomanats amb Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:447
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Les guies de Git comunes són:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:468 builtin/help.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "ús: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "`git %s' és un àlies de `%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "hi ha una discordança de tipus d'objecte a %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha rebut l'objecte esperat %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "objecte %s: tipus %s esperat, %s trobat"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "no es pot omplir %d octet"
+msgstr[1] "no es pot omplir %d octets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:275
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "EOF prematur"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:276
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "error de lectura d'entrada"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:288
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "s'han usat més octets dels que hi havia disponibles"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "paquet massa gran per a la definició actual d'off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot crear '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot obrir el fitxer de paquet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:330
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "hi ha una discordança de firma de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "la versió de paquet %<PRIu32> no és compatible"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "el paquet té un objecte dolent a la posició %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "la inflació ha retornat %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:520
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "desbordament de valor de desplaçament per a l'objecte base de delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:528
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "el desplaçament de base de delta està fora de límits"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "tipus d'objecte desconegut %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:567
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "no es pot fer pread en el fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "final prematur de fitxer de paquet, manca %lu octet"
+msgstr[1] "final prematur de fitxer de paquet, manquen %lu octets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:595
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "hi ha una inconsistència seriosa d'inflació"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:686 builtin/index-pack.c:692 builtin/index-pack.c:715
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "S'HA TROBAT UNA COL·LISIÓ SHA1 AMB %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:689 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir l'objecte existent %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "objecte de blob no vàlid %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:783
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "%s no vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:787
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Error en objecte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "No tots els objectes fills de %s són abastables"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:861 builtin/index-pack.c:890
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en aplicar la delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Rebent objectes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Indexant objectes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1081
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "el paquet és corromput (discordança SHA1)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1086
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "no es pot fer fstat en el fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1089
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "el paquet té brossa al seu final"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1100
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "confusió més enllà de la insanitat en parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1123
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Resolent les deltes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1133
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear fil: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1175
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "confusió més enllà de la insanitat"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "s'ha completat amb %d objectes locals"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Suma de verificació final no esperada per a %s (corrupció de disc?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1195
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "El paquet té %d delta no resolta"
+msgstr[1] "El paquet té %d deltes no resoltes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut desinflar l'objecte annexat (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "l'objecte local %s és corrupte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1322
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "error en tancar el fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot escriure el fitxer a retenir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1343
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot tancar el fitxer escrit a retenir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1356
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "no es pot emmagatzemar el fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "no es pot emmagatzemar el fitxer d'índex"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32> dolent"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "s'ha especificat un nombre de fils no vàlid (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1410 builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "no hi ha suport de fils, ignorant %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "No es pot obrir el fitxer de paquet existent '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "No es pot obrir el fitxer d'índex de paquets existent de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "sense delta: %d objecte"
+msgstr[1] "sense delta: %d objectes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "longitud de cadena = %d: %lu objecte"
+msgstr[1] "longitud de cadena = %d: %lu objectes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1553
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "No es pot tornar al directori de treball actual"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1601 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1616 builtin/index-pack.c:1620
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "%s dolent"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1634
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin no es pot usar sense --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638 builtin/index-pack.c:1647
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "el nom de fitxer de paquet '%s' no acaba amb '.pack'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1655
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "s'ha donat --verify sense nom de fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut fer %s gravable per al grup"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr "nom de plantilla increïblement llarg %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot fer stat en '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot fer stat en la plantilla '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot fer opendir en el directori '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot fer readlink en '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr "enllaç simbòlic increïblement llarg %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot fer symlink en '%s' '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot copiar '%s' a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "ignorant la plantilla %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr "camí de plantilla increïblement llarg %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "no s'han trobat les plantilles %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr "no copiant plantilles d'una versió de format errònia %d de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr "directori de git boig %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:331 builtin/init-db.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s ja existeix"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut gestionar el tipus de fitxer %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut moure %s a %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:426
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s dipòsit de Git%s a %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "S'ha reinicialitzat un existent"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "S'ha inicialitzat un buit"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:428
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " compartit"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<directori-de-plantilla>] [--"
+"shared[=<permisos>]] [<directori>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:498
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "permisos"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:499
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "especifica que el dipòsit de git es compartirà entre diversos usuaris"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:501 builtin/prune-packed.c:57 builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "calla"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533 builtin/init-db.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "no es pot mkdir %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "no es pot chdir a %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:563
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"no es permet %s (o --work-tree=<directori>) sense especificar %s (o --git-"
+"dir=<directori>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "No es pot accedir a l'arbre de treball '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] "
+"[<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <fitxa>[(=|:)<valor>])...] "
+"[<fitxer>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:25
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "escurça els remolcs buits"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "remolc"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "remolcs a afegir"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<opcions>] [<rang de revisions>] [[--] <camí>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<opcions>] <objecte>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "opció --decorate no vàlida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "omet la sortida de diferències"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "mostra el font"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:129
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Usa el fitxer de mapa de correu"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:130
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "opcions de decoració"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:133
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Processa el rang de línies n,m en el fitxer, comptant des de 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Sortida final: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: fitxer dolent"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:472 builtin/log.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "No es pot llegir l'objecte %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Tipus desconegut: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:689
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers sense valor"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:773
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "el nom del directori de sortida és massa llarg"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "No es pot obrir el fitxer de pedaç %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:803
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Cal exactament un rang."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:811
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "No és un rang."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:919
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "La carta de presentació necessita el format de correu electrònic"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "in-reply-to boig: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1026
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<opcions>] [<des-de> | <rang-de-revisions>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1071
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Dos directoris de sortida?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "usa [PATCH n/m] fins i tot amb un sol pedaç"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "usa [PATCH] fins i tot amb múltiples pedaços"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "imprimeix els pedaços a la sortida estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1195
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "genera una carta de presentació"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "usa una seqüència de números per als noms dels fitxers de sortida"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sufix"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "usa <sufix> en lloc de '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1201
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "comença nombrant els pedaços a <n> en lloc d'1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "marca la sèrie com a l'enèsima llançada"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Usa [<prefix>] en lloc de [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "emmagatzema els fitxers resultants a <directori>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "no despullis/afegeixis [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "no emetis diferències binàries"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "no incloguis pedaços que coincideixin amb comissions a la font"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1218
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra el format de pedaç en lloc del per defecte (pedaç + estadístiques)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Missatgeria"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "capçalera"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "afegeix una capçalera de correu electrònic"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223 builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "correu electrònic"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "afegeix la capçalera To:"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "afegeix la capçalera Cc:"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1227
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "identitat"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1228
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"estableix l'adreça From a <identitat> (o la identitat del comitent si manca)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1230
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "ID de missatge"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "fes del primer missatge una resposta a <ID de missatge>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232 builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "límit"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "ajunta el pedaç"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "posa el pedaç en el cos"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1240
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "habilita l'enfilada de missatges, estils: shallow, deep"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1242
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "firma"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1243
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "afegeix una firma"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1245
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "afegeix una firma des d'un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1246
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "no imprimeixis els noms de fitxer del pedaç"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "línia d'identitat no vàlida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1335
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n i -k són mutualment exclusius."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1337
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix i -k són mutualment exclusius."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1345
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1347
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1349
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1372
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "sortida estàndard o directori, quin dels dos?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1374
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut crear el directori '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1472
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir el fitxer de firma '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1535
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en crear els fitxers de sortida"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1583
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<font> [<cap> [<límit>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1638
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha pogut trobar una branca remota seguida. Si us plau, especifiqueu "
+"<font> manualment.\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1651 builtin/log.c:1653 builtin/log.c:1665
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Comissió desconeguda %s"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:358
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<opcions>] [<fitxer>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:415
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "identifica l'estat de fitxer amb etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:417
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "usa lletres minúscules per als fitxers 'assume unchanged'"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:419
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr ""
+"mostra en la sortida els fitxers desats en la memòria cau (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:421
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida els fitxers suprimits"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:423
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida els fitxers modificats"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida els altres fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida els fitxers ignorats"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:430
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida el nom d'objecte dels continguts allistats"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:432
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "mostra els fitxers en el sistema de fitxers que s'han d'eliminar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:434
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "mostra només els noms dels directoris 'other'"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "no mostris els directoris buits"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:440
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "mostra en la sortida els fitxers sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "mostra la informació de resolució de desfet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "salta els fitxers coincidents amb el patró"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:447
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "els patrons d'exclusió es llegeixen de <fitxer>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "llegeix els patrons addicionals d'exclusió per directori en <fitxer>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:452
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "afegeix les exclusions estàndards de git"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "fes que la sortida sigui relativa al directori superior del projecte"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:458
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "si qualsevol <fitxer> no és en l'índex, tracta això com a error"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "arbre"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"pretén que els camins eliminats després de <arbre> encara estiguin presents"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "mostra les dades de depuració"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<opcions>] <arbre> [<camí>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "mostra només els arbres"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "recursa als subarbres"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:131
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "mostra els arbres en recursar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "acaba les entrades amb un octet NUL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "mida de l'objecte d'inclusió"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:137 builtin/ls-tree.c:139
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "llista només els noms de fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "usa els noms de camí complets"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:144
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"llista l'arbre sencer; no només el directori actual (implica --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<opcions>] [<comissió>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<opcions>] <missatge> HEAD <comissió>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:100
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "l'opció `m' requereix un valor"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut trobar l'estratègia de fusió '%s'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Les estratègies disponibles són:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Les estratègies personalitzades disponibles són:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:193
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "no mostris les estadístiques de diferència al final de la fusió"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "mostra les estadístiques de diferència al final de la fusió"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(sinònim de --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:199
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"afegeix (com a màxim <n>) entrades del registre curt per a fusionar el "
+"missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "crea una única comissió en lloc de fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "realitza una comissió si la fusió té èxit (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "edita el missatge abans de cometre"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "permet l'avanç ràpid (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "avorta si l'avanç ràpid no és possible"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Verifica que la comissió anomenada tingui una firma GPG vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214 builtin/notes.c:753 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "estratègia"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "estratègia de fusió a usar"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "opció=valor"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "opció per a l'estratègia de fusió seleccionada"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "missatge de comissió de fusió (per a una fusió no d'avanç ràpid)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:223
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "avorta la fusió en curs actual"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:251
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut executar stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:256
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "L'emmagatzemament ha fallat."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "no és un objecte vàlid: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:280 builtin/merge.c:297
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:327
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (res a aixafar)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Comissió d'aixafada -- no actualitzant HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:372
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Escrivint SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:374
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Finalitzant SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Cap missatge de fusió -- no actualitzant HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:447
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' no assenyala una comissió"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:559
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Cadena branch.%s.mergeoptions dolenta: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:654
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree ha fallat en escriure un arbre"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:678
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "No gestionant res a part de la fusió de dos caps."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:692
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Opció desconeguda de merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:705
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut llegir de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr "No cometent la fusió; useu 'git commit' per a completar la fusió.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, introduïu un missatge de comissió per a explicar per què\n"
+"aquesta fusió és necessària, especialment si fusiona una font\n"
+"actualitzada a una branca temàtica.\n"
+"\n"
+"S'ignoraran les línies que comencin amb '%c', i un missatge buit\n"
+"avorta la comissió.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:833
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Missatge de comissió buit."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Meravellós.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La fusió automàtica ha fallat; arregleu els conflictes i després cometeu el "
+"resultat.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' no és una comissió"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:957
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Cap branca actual."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:959
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "No hi ha cap remot per a la branca actual."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "No hi ha cap font per defecte definida per a la branca actual."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:966
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "No hi ha cap branca de seguiment remot per a %s de %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1122
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "No hi ha fusió a avortar (manca MERGE_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1138
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"No heu completat la vostra fusió (MERGE_HEAD existeix).\n"
+"Si us plau, cometeu els vostres canvis abans de fusionar."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "No heu completat la vostra fusió (MERGE_HEAD existeix)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"No heu completat el vostre recull de cireres (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existeix).\n"
+"Si us plau, cometeu els vostres canvis abans de fusionar."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+"No heu completat el vostre recull de cireres (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existeix)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "No podeu combinar --squash amb --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr ""
+"No hi ha una comissió especificada i merge.defaultToUpstream no està "
+"establert."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1198
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Es pot fusionar només exactament una comissió a un cap buit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1201
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Aixafar una comissió a un cap buit encara no es permet"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1203
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "Una comissió no d'avanç ràpid no té sentit a un cap buit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - no és una cosa que puguem fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "La comissió %s té una firma GPG no fiable, suposadament de %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "La comissió %s té una firma GPG dolenta suposadament de %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "La comissió %s no té firma GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "La comissió %s té una firma GPG bona de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1349
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Actualitzant %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1388
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Intentant una fusió molt trivial en l'índex...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "No.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1427
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "No és possible avançar ràpidament, avortant."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1450 builtin/merge.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Rebobinant l'arbre a la pristina...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1454
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Intentant l'estratègia de fusió %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1520
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Cap estratègia de fusió ha gestionat la fusió.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "L'estratègia de fusió %s ha fallat.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Usant el %s per a preparar la resolució a mà.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La fusió automàtica ha sortit bé; s'ha aturat abans de cometre tal i com "
+"s'havia demanat\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <comissió> <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <comissió> <comissió>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <referència> [<comissió>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "emet tots els avantpassats comuns"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "troba els avantpassats per a una sola fusió de n vies"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "llista les revisions no abastables d'altres"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "és el primer un avantpassat de l'altre?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"troba on <comissió> s'ha bifurcat del registre de referències de <referència>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<opcions>] [-L <nom1> [-L <original> [-L <nom2>]]] <fitxer1> "
+"<fitxer-original> <fitxer2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "envia els resultats a la sortida estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "usa una fusió basada en diff3"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "en conflictes, usa la versió nostra"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "en conflictes, usa la versió seva"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "en conflictes, usa una versió d'unió"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "en conflictes, usa aquesta mida de marcador"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "no avisis de conflictes"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "estableix les etiquetes per a fitxer1/fitxer-original/fitxer2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:64
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:150
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "l'entrada és acabada amb NUL"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:151 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "permet els objectes absents"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "permet la creació de més d'un arbre"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<opcions>] <font>... <destí>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "El directori %s és en l'índex i no hi ha cap submòdul?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:71
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, allisteu els vostres canvis a .gitmodules o emmagatzemeu-los per "
+"a procedir"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s és en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:111
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "força el moviment / canvi de nom encara que el destí existeixi"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "omet els errors de moviment / canvi de nom"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "el destí '%s' no és un directori"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Comprovant el canvi de nom de '%s' a '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:166
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "font dolenta"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:169
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "no es pot moure un directori a dins d'ell mateix"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:172
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "no es pot moure un directori sobre un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "el directori font està buit"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:206
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "no està sota control de versions"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:209
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "el destí existeix"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "sobreescrivint '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:220
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "No es pot sobreescriure"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:223
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "múltiples fonts per al mateix destí"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:225
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "el directori destí no existeix"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, origen=%s, destí=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Canviant el nom de %s a %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:256 builtin/remote.c:728 builtin/repack.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "el canvi del nom de '%s' ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:255
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<opcions>] <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:256
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<opcions>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:257
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<opcions>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:309
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "imprimeix només els noms (sense SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:310
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "només usa les etiquetes per a anomenar les comissions"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "només usa les referències que coincideixin amb <patró>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "llista totes les comissions abastables de totes les referències"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "llegeix d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "permet imprimir els noms `undefined` (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "dereferencia les etiquetes en l'entrada (ús intern)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] [llista [<objecte>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m "
+"<missatge> | -F <fitxer> | (-c | -C) <objecte>] [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] copy [-f] <d'objecte> <a-objecte>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] append [--allow-empty] [-m "
+"<missatge> | -F <fitxer> | (-c | -C) <objecte>] [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] edit [--allow-empty] [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] show [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <estratègia>] "
+"<referència-de-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] remove [<objecte>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <referència-de-notes>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [llista [<objecte>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<opcions>] [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<options>] <d'objecte> <a-objecte>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<d'objecte> <a-objecte>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<opcions>] [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<opcions>] <referència-de-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<objecte>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut iniciar 'show' per a l'objecte '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:150
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut llegir la sortida de 'show'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en finalitzar 'show' per a l'objecte '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:173 builtin/tag.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut crear el fitxer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:192
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, proveïu els continguts de la nota fent servir l'opció -m o "
+"l'opció -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:201
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure l'objecte de nota"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Els continguts de la nota s'han deixat en %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:231 builtin/tag.c:693
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:233 builtin/tag.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut obrir ni llegir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/notes.c:303 builtin/notes.c:305
+#: builtin/notes.c:365 builtin/notes.c:420 builtin/notes.c:506
+#: builtin/notes.c:511 builtin/notes.c:589 builtin/notes.c:652
+#: builtin/notes.c:854 builtin/tag.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en resoldre '%s' com a referència vàlida."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en llegir l'objecte '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "No es pot llegir les dades de node de l'objecte no de blob '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Línia d'entrada mal formada: '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en copiar les notes de '%s' a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:358 builtin/notes.c:413 builtin/notes.c:489
+#: builtin/notes.c:501 builtin/notes.c:577 builtin/notes.c:645
+#: builtin/notes.c:919
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "massa paràmetres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "No s'ha trobat cap nota per a l'objecte %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:392 builtin/notes.c:555
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "anota els continguts com a cadena"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:395 builtin/notes.c:558
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "anota els continguts en un fitxer"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:397 builtin/notes.c:400 builtin/notes.c:560
+#: builtin/notes.c:563 builtin/tag.c:628
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "objecte"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "reusa i edita l'objecte de nota especificat"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:401 builtin/notes.c:564
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "reusa l'objecte de nota especificat"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:567
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "permet l'emmagatzematge d'una nota buida"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:476
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "reemplaça les notes existents"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:430
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot afegir les notes. S'ha trobat notes existents de l'objecte %s. "
+"Useu '-f' per a sobreescriure les notes existents."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:524
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Sobreescrivint les notes existents de l'objecte %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:617 builtin/notes.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Eliminant la nota de l'objecte %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:477
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "llegeix els objectes des d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:479
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"carrega la configuració de reescriptura per a <ordre> (implica --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:497
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "hi ha massa pocs paràmetres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"No es pot copiar les notes. S'han trobat notes existents de l'objecte %s. "
+"Useu '-f' per a sobreescriure les notes existents."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Manquen notes a l'objecte font %s. No es pot copiar."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"S'han desaprovat les opcions -m/-F/-c/-C en favor de la subordre 'edit'.\n"
+"Si us plau, useu 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' en lloc d'això.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:750
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Opcions generals"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:752
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Opcions de fusió"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:754
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"resol els conflictes de nota usant l'estratègia donada (manual/ours/theirs/"
+"union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:756
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Cometent les notes sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:758
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "finalitza la fusió de notes cometent les notes sense fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:760
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Avortant la resolució de fusió de notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:762
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "avorta la fusió de notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "L'objecte %s no té cap nota\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "l'intent d'eliminar una nota no existent no és un error"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:872
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "llegeix els noms d'objecte des de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:953
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "referència de notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:954
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "usa les notes de <referència-de-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:989 builtin/remote.c:1621
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Subordre desconegut: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [opcions...] [< llista-de-referències | < llista-"
+"de-objectes]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [opcions...] nom-base [< llista-de-referències | < llista-"
+"de-objectes]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "error de deflació (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:771
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Escrivint els objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1013
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+"inhabilitant l'escriptura de mapes de bits, perquè alguns objectes no "
+"s'estan empaquetant"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2173
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Comprimint objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2570
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "versió d'índex no compatible %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2574
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "versió d'índex dolenta '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "l'opció %s no accepta la forma negativa"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut analitzar el valor '%s' per a l'opció %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "no mostris l'indicador de progrés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "mostra l'indicador de progrés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "mostra l'indicador de progrés durant la fase d'escriptura d'objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2628
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "similar a --all-progress quan l'indicador de progrés es mostra"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "versió[,desplaçament]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2630
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"escriu el fitxer d'índex de paquet en la versió de format d'índex "
+"especificada"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "mida màxima de cada fitxer de paquet de sortida"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2635
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr ""
+"ignora els objectes prestats d'un emmagatzemament d'objectes alternatiu"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2637
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignora els objectes empaquetats"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "limita la finestra d'empaquetament per objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2641
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+"limita la finestra d'empaquetament per memòria a més del límit d'objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2643
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "longitud màxima de la cadena de deltes permesa en el paquet resultant"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "reusa les deltes existents"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "reusa els objectes existents"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "usa objectes OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "usa fils en cercar les millores coincidències de delta"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2653
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "no creïs una emissió de paquet buida"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2655
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "llegeix els paràmetres de revisió des de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2657
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "limita els objectes als que encara no s'hagin empaquetat"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "inclou els objectes abastables de qualsevulla referència"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2663
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr ""
+"inclou els objectes als quals facin referència les entrades del registre de "
+"referències"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "inclou els objectes als quals faci referència l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2669
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "emet el paquet a stdout"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2671
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr ""
+"inclou els objectes d'etiqueta que facin referència als objectes a empaquetar"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2673
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "retén els objectes inabastables"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2674 parse-options.h:140
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "hora"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2675
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "desempaqueta els objectes inabastables més nous que <hora>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2678
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "crea paquets prims"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2680
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "crea paquets adequats per als obteniments superficials"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2682
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignora els paquets que tinguin un fitxer .keep corresponent"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2684
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "nivell de compressió de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2686
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "no amaguis les comissions per empelt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2688
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+"usa un índex de mapa de bits, si està disponible, per a accelerar el "
+"recompte d'objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2690
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "escriu un índex de mapa de bits junt amb l'índex de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2781
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Comptant els objectes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "empaqueta-ho tot"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "poda les referències soltes (per defecte)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Eliminant objectes duplicats"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <hora>] [--] [<cap>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "no eliminis, només mostra"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "informa d'objectes podats"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:110
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "fes caducar els objectes més vells que <hora>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<opcions>] [<dipòsit> [<especificació-de-referència>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:85
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "abreviatura d'etiqueta sense <tag>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:95
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete només accepta noms de referència de destí senzills"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Per a triar qualsevulla opció permanentment, vegeu push.default a 'git help "
+"config'."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:142
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"La branca font de la vostra branca actual no coincideix\n"
+"amb el nom de la vostra branca actual. Per a pujar-la a la\n"
+"branca font en el remot, useu\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"Per a pujar a la branca del mateix nom en el remot, useu\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Actualment no sou en cap branca.\n"
+"Per a pujar la història que condueix a l'estat actual\n"
+"(HEAD separat) ara, useu\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<nom-de-branca-remota>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La branca actual %s no té cap branca font.\n"
+"Per a pujar la branca actual i establir el remot com a font, useu\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "La branca actual %s té múltiples branques fonts, refusant pujar."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Esteu pujant al remot '%s', que no és la font de la vostra\n"
+"branca actual '%s', sense dir-me què pujar per a actualitzar\n"
+"quina branca remota."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:205
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+"to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+"\n"
+"Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+"behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+"remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"push.default no està establert; el seu valor implícit s'ha\n"
+"canviat en el Git 2.0 de 'matching' a 'simple'. Per a suprimir\n"
+"aquest missatge i mantenir el comportament tradicional,\n"
+"useu:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"Per a suprimir aquest missatge i adoptar el comportament nou ara, useu:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"Quan push.default és 'matching', git pujarà les branques locals a les\n"
+"branques remotes que ja existeixen amb el mateix nom.\n"
+"\n"
+"Des del Git 2.0, el Git per defecte té el comportament més\n"
+"conservatiu 'simple', que només puja la branca actual a la branca\n"
+"corresponent que 'git pull' usa per a actualitzar la branca actual.\n"
+"\n"
+"Vegeu 'git help config' i cerqueu 'push.default' per a més informació.\n"
+"(s'ha introduït el mode 'simple' en el Git 1.7.11. Useu el mode similar\n"
+"'current' en lloc de 'simple' si a vegades useu versions més antigues\n"
+"del Git)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:272
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"No heu especificat cap especificació de referència a pujar, i push.default "
+"és \"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:279
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"S'han rebutjat les actualitzacions perquè el punt de la vostra branca\n"
+"actual està darrere de la seva branca remota corresponent. Integreu\n"
+"els canvis remots (per exemple, 'git pull ...') abans de pujar de nou.\n"
+"Vegeu la 'Nota sobre avanços ràpids' a 'git push --help' per detalls."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"S'han rebutjat les actualitzacions perquè un punt de branca pujada\n"
+"està darrere de la seva branca remota corresponent. Agafeu aquesta\n"
+"branca i integreu els canvis remots (per exemple, 'git pull ...')\n"
+"abans de pujar de nou.\n"
+"Vegeu la 'Nota sobre avanços ràpids' a 'git push --help' per detalls."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"S'han rebutjat les actualitzacions perquè el remot conté treball\n"
+"que no teniu localment. Això usualment és causat per un altre dipòsit\n"
+"que ha pujat a la mateixa referència. Pot ser que primer vulgueu\n"
+"integrar els canvis remots (per exemple, 'git pull ...') abans de\n"
+"pujar de nou.\n"
+"Vegeu la 'Nota sobre avanços ràpids' a 'git push --help' per detalls."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:298
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"S'han rebutjat les actualitzacions perquè l'etiqueta ja existeix en el remot."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:301
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"No podeu actualitzar una referència remota que assenyala un\n"
+"objecte no de comissió, ni actualitzar una referència remota per\n"
+"fer que assenyali un objecte no de comissió, sense usar l'opció\n"
+"'--force'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Pujant a %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "s'ha fallat en pujar algunes referències a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:394
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "dipòsit dolent '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:395
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Cap destí de pujada configurada.\n"
+"Especifiqueu l'URL des de la línia d'ordres o bé configureu un dipòsit remot "
+"fent servir\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <nom> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"i després pugeu fent servir el nom remot\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <nom>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:410
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all i --tags són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:411
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all no es pot combinar amb especificacions de referència"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:416
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror i --tags són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:417
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror no es pot combinar amb especificacions de referència"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:422
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all i --mirror són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:502
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "dipòsit"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:503
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "envia totes les referències"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:504
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "reflecteix totes les referències"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "suprimeix les referències"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "envia les etiquetes (no es pot usar amb --all o --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "força les actualitzacions"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:512
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "nom-de-referència>:<esperat"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "requereix que el valor antic de la referència sigui d'aquest valor"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "controla la pujada recursiva dels submòduls"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:518
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "usa el paquet prim"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519 builtin/push.c:520
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "programa que rep els paquets"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "estableix la font per a git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "poda les referències eliminades localment"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:526
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "evita el ganxo de prepujada"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "puja les etiquetes absents però rellevants"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "firma la pujada amb GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "demana una transacció atòmica al costat remot"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:539
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete és incompatible amb --all, --mirror i --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:541
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete no té sentit sense referències"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<ignoral-de-git>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] "
+"[--index-output=<fitxer>] (--empty | <arbre1> [<arbre2> [<arbre3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "escriu l'índex resultant al <fitxer>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "només buida l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Fusionant"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "realitza una fusió a més d'una lectura"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "fusió de 3 vies si no cal fusió a nivell de fitxers"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "fusió de 3 vies en presència d'afegiments i supressions"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "el mateix que -m, però descarta les entrades no fusionades"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<subdirectori>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "llegiu l'arbre a l'índex sota <subdirectori>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "actualitza l'arbre de treball amb el resultat de fusió"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "ignoral de git"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "permet que els fitxers explícitament ignorats es sobreescriguin"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "no comprovis l'arbre de treball després de fusionar"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "no actualitzis l'índex ni l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "salta l'aplicació del filtre d'agafament escàs"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "depura unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "%s' per a '%s' no és una marca de temps vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:546 builtin/reflog.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' no és una marca de temps vàlida"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <branca>] [-m <mestra>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <nom> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:33
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <antic> <nou>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:38
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:43
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <nom> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branca>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<grup> | <remot>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <nom> <branca>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <nom> <url-nou> [<url-antic>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <nom> <url-nou>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:71
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <nom> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:28
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<opcions>] <nom> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <nom> <branca>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <nom> <branca>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:54
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<opcions>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:59
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<opcions>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:64
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<opcions>] [<grup> | <remot>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Actualitzant %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:120
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror és perillós i desaprovat; si us\n"
+"\t plau, useu --mirror=fetch o\t --mirror=push en lloc d'això"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "paràmetre de reflexió desconegut: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:153
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "obtén les branques remotes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:155
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "en obtenir, importa totes les etiquetes i tots els objectes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:158
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "o no obtinguis cap etiqueta (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:160
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "branques a seguir"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "branca mestra"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:162
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "estableix el remot com a mirall al qual pujar o del qual obtenir"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:175
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "especificar una branca mestra no té sentit amb --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:177
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+"especificar les branques a seguir té sentit només amb miralls d'obteniment"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187 builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "el remot %s ja existeix."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:191 builtin/remote.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' no és un nom de remot vàlid"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:235
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut configurar la mestra '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha pogut obtenir el mapa d'obteniment de l'especificació de referència "
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:436 builtin/remote.c:444
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(coincident)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(suprimir)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:592 builtin/remote.c:598 builtin/remote.c:604
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut annexar '%s' a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:636 builtin/remote.c:795 builtin/remote.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "No hi ha tal remot: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut canviar el nom de la secció de configuració '%s' a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:659 builtin/remote.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut eliminar la secció de configuració '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"No actualitzant l'especificació de referències d'obteniment no per defecte\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tSi us plau, actualitzeu la configuració manualment si és necessari."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut annexar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:691
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut establir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:713
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "la supressió de '%s' ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "la creació de '%s' ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut eliminar la branca %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:833
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nota: Una branca fora de la jerarquia refs/remotes/ no s'ha eliminat;\n"
+"per a suprimir-la, useu:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Nota: Algunes branques fora de la jerarquia refs/remotes/ no s'han "
+"eliminat;\n"
+"per a suprimir-les, useu:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " nou (el pròxim obteniment emmagatzemarà a remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:951
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " seguit"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:953
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " ranci (useu 'git remote prune' per a eliminar)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:955
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "branch.%s.merge no vàlid; no es pot rebasar sobre > 1 branca"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "es rebasa sobre el remot %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1006
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "es fusiona amb el remot %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1007
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    i amb el remot"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "es fusiona amb el remot %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1010
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   i amb el remot"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1056
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "crea"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1059
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "suprimeix"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1063
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "al dia"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1066
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "avanç ràpid possible"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1069
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "local no actualitzat"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1076
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s força a %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1079
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s puja a %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s força a %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s puja a %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "no consultis els remots"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* remot %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL d'obteniment: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1183 builtin/remote.c:1334
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(sense URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1192 builtin/remote.c:1194
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL de pujada: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1196 builtin/remote.c:1198 builtin/remote.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Branca de HEAD: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1202
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Branca de HEAD (el HEAD remot és ambigu, pot ser un dels següents):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Branca remota:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Branques remotes:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1217 builtin/remote.c:1244
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (estat no consultat)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1226
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Branca local configurada per a 'git pull':"
+msgstr[1] "  Branques locals configurades per a 'git pull':"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1234
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  'git push' reflectirà les referències locals"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1241
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Referència local configurada per a 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Referències locals configurades per a 'git push'%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1262
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "estableix refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD segons el remot"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1264
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "suprimeix refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1279
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "No es pot determinar el HEAD remot"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Múltiples branques de HEAD remotes. Si us plau, trieu-ne una explícitament "
+"amb:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut suprimir %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "No és una referència vàlida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut configurar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1319
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s es tornarà penjant!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s s'ha tornat penjant!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1330
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Podant %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1331
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1354
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [podaria] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1357
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [podat] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1402
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "poda els remots després d'obtenir-los"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1468 builtin/remote.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "No hi ha tal remot '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1488
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "afegeix branca"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "cap remot especificat"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1517
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipula els URL de pujada"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1519
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "afegeix URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "suprimeix URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1528
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete no té sentit"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Patró d'URL antic no vàlid: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1576
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "No s'ha trobat tal URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1578
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "No se suprimiran tots els URL no de pujada"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1592
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "sigues detallat; s'ha de col·locar abans d'una subordre"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<opcions>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "empaqueta-ho tot en un únic paquet"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "el mateix que -a, i solta els objectes inabastables"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "tragueu els paquets redundants, i executeu git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passa l'argument --no-reuse-delta a git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passa l'argument --no-reuse-object a git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "no executis git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passa --local a git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "escriu índex de mapa de bits"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "aproximat"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "amb -A, no soltis els objectes més vells que aquest"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "mida de la finestra que s'usa per a compressió de deltes"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "octets"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+"el mateix que l'anterior, però limita la mida de memòria en lloc del "
+"recompte d'entrades"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "limita la profunditat màxima de les deltes"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "mida màxima de cada fitxer de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "reempaqueta els objectes en paquets marcats amb .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "la supressió de '%s' ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <objecte> <reemplaçament>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <objecte>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <comissió> [<mare>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <objecte>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<patró>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "No és un nom d'objecte vàlid: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "etiqueta de fusió dolenta en la comissió '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "etiqueta de fusió mal formada en la comissió '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"la comissió original '%s' conté l'etiqueta de fusió '%s' que es descarta; "
+"useu --edit en lloc de --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "la comissió original '%s' té una firma gpg."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "la firma s'eliminarà en la comissió de reemplaçament!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure la comissió de reemplaçament per a: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "llista les referències reemplaçades"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "suprimeix les referències reemplaçades"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "edita un objecte existent"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "canvia les mares d'una comissió"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "reemplaça la referència si existeix"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "no imprimeixis bellament els continguts per a --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "usa aquest format"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget <camí>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "registra les resolucions netes en l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<comissió>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <arbre> [--] <camins>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<arbre>] [--] [<camins>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "mixt"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "suau"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "dur"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "fusió"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "reteniment"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "No teniu un HEAD vàlid."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en trobar l'arbre de HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en trobar l'arbre de %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD ara és a %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "No es pot fer un restabliment de %s enmig d'una fusió."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "calla, només informa d'errors"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "restableix HEAD i l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "restableix només HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "restableix HEAD, l'índex i l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "restableix HEAD però retén els canvis locals"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "registra només el fet de que els camins eliminats s'afegiran després"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en resoldre '%s' com a revisió vàlida."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:308 builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut analitzar l'objecte '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en resoldre '%s' com a arbre vàlid."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch és incompatible amb --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed amb camins està desaprovat; useu 'git reset -- <camins>' en lloc "
+"d'això."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "No es pot fer reinici de %s amb camins."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "el reinici de %s no es permet en un dipòsit nu"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N només es pot usar amb --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Canvis no allistats després de restabliment:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut restablir el fitxer d'índex a la revisió '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut escriure el fitxer d'índex nou."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:361
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<opcions>] -- [<paràmetres>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:366
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "retén el `--` passat com a paràmetre"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "deixa d'analitzar després del primer paràmetre no d'opció"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:371
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "emet en forma llarga enganxada"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<opcions>] -- [<paràmetres>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<paràmetre>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<opcions>] [<paràmetre>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Executeu \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" per més informació sobre l'ús "
+"inicial."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<opcions>] <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <subordre>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<opcions>] <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <subordre>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s no es pot usar amb %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "acaba la seqüència de reversió o el recull de cireres"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "reprèn la seqüència de reversió o el recull de cireres"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "cancel·la la seqüència de reversió o el recull de cireres"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "no cometis automàticament"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "edita el missatge de comissió"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "número de mare"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "estratègia de fusió"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "opció"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "opció d'estratègia de fusió"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "nom de la comissió a annexar"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "permet l'avanç ràpid"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "preserva les comissions inicialment buides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "permet les comissions amb missatges buits"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "retén les comissions redundants i buides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "error de programa"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "la reversió ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "el recull de cireres ha fallat"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<opcions>] [--] <fitxer>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"el submòdul següent (o un dels seus submòduls niats)\n"
+"usa un directori .git:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"els submòduls següents (o un dels seus submòduls niats)\n"
+"usa un directori .git:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(useu 'rm -rf' si realment voleu eliminar-lo, inclòs tota la seva història)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"el fitxer següent té contingut allistat diferent d'ambdós el\n"
+"fitxer i el HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"els fitxers següents tenen contingut allistat diferent d'ambdós\n"
+"el fitxer i el HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(useu -f per a forçar la supressió)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "el fitxer següent té canvis allistats en l'índex:"
+msgstr[1] "els fitxers següents tenen canvis allistats en l'índex:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(useu --cached per a desar el fitxer, o -f per a forçar la supressió)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "el fitxer següent té modificacions locals:"
+msgstr[1] "els fitxers següents tenen modificacions locals:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "no llistis els fitxers eliminats"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "només elimina de l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "passa per alt la comprovació d'actualitat"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "permet la supressió recursiva"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "surt amb estat zero encara que res hagi coincidit"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Si us plau, allisteu els vostres canvis a .gitmodules o emmagatzemeu-los per "
+"a procedir"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "no eliminant '%s' recursivament sense -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: no s'ha pogut eliminar %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<opcions>] [<rang-de-revisions>] [[--] [<camí>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Manca l'autor: %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "ordena la sortida segons el nombre de comissions per autor"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr ""
+"Omet les descripcions de comissió, només proveeix el recompte de comissions"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Mostra l'adreça de correu electrònic de cada autor"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Ajusta les línies de la sortida"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t       [--current] [--color[=<quan>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t       [--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t       [--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<revisió> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:13
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<referència>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "mostra les branques amb seguiment remot i les locals"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "mostra les branques amb seguiment remot"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "colora '*!+-' corresponent a la branca"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "mostra <n> comissions després de l'avantpassat comú"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "sinònim de more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "omet l'anomenament de cadenes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "inclou la branca actual"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "anomena les comissions amb els seus noms d'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "mostra les bases de fusió possibles"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "mostra les referències inabastables de qualsevulla altra referència"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "mostra les comissions en ordre topològic"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "mostra només les comissions que no siguin en la primera branca"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "mostra les fusions abastables de només una punta"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "ordena topològicament, mantenint l'ordre de dates on sigui possible"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:681
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:682
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "mostra les <n> entrades més recents començant a la base"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<patró>...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < llista-de-referències"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "mostra només les etiquetes (es pot combinar amb heads)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "mostra només els caps (es pot combinar amb tags)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+"comprovació de referència més estricta, requereix el camí de referència "
+"exacte"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "mostra la referència HEAD, encara que es filtrés"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "dereferencia les etiquetes a IDs d'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "mostra el hash SHA1 usant només <n> xifres"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "no imprimeixis els resultats a stdout (útil amb --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "mostra les referències d'stdin que no siguin en el dipòsit local"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<opcions>] <nom> [<referència>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "omet el missatge d'error de referències no simbòliques (separades)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "suprimeix la referència simbòlica"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "escurça la sortida de referències"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "raó"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "raó de l'actualització"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <id-de-clau>] [-f] [-m <missatge> | -F <fitxer>] <nom-"
+"d'etiqueta> [<cap>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <nom-d'etiqueta>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<nombre>]] [--contains <comissió>]\n"
+"\t\t[--points-at <objecte>] [<patró>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <nom-d'etiqueta>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "objecte mal format a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:301
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "nom d'etiqueta massa llarg: %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "etiqueta '%s' no trobada."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "L'etiqueta '%s' s'ha suprimit (era %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut verificar l'etiqueta '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Escriviu el missatge de l'etiqueta:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Les línies que comencin amb '%c' s'ignoraran.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Escriviu el missatge de l'etiqueta:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Les línies que comencin amb '%c' es mantindran; podeu eliminar-les per vós "
+"mateix si voleu.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+msgstr "especificació d'ordenació '%s' no admesa"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+msgstr "especificació d'ordenació '%s' no admesa en la variable '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:428
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut de firmar l'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:430
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut escriure el fitxer d'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "tipus d'objecte dolent."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "capçalera d'etiqueta massa gran."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "cap missatge d'etiqueta?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:510
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "S'ha deixat el missatge de l'etiqueta en %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "l'opció 'points-at' requereix un objecte"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "nom d'objecte mal format '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:589
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "llista els noms d'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:591
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "imprimeix <n> línies de cada missatge d'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:593
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "suprimeix les etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:594
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "verifica les etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:596
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Opcions de creació d'etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:598
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "etiqueta anotada, necessita un missatge"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:600
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "missatge d'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:602
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "etiqueta anotada i firmada per GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:606
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "usa una altra clau per a firmar l'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:607
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "reemplaça l'etiqueta si existeix"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:609
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Opcions de llistat d'etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:610
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "mostra la llista d'etiquetes en columnes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "sort tags"
+msgstr "ordena les etiquetes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:617 builtin/tag.c:623
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les etiquetes que continguin la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:629
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "imprimeix només les etiquetes de l'objecte"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:655
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column i -n són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:667
+msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--sort i -n són incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:674
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "es permet l'opció -n només amb -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:676
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "es permet l'opció --contains només amb -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:678
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "es permet --points-at option només amb -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:686
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "només es permet una opció -F o -m."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:706
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "massa paràmetres"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:712
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' no és un nom d'etiqueta vàlid."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "l'etiqueta '%s' ja existeix"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Etiqueta '%s' actualitzada (era %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:489
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Desempaquetant objectes"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:403
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<opcions>] [--] [<fitxer>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr ""
+"continua l'actualització encara que l'índex necessiti una actualització"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "actualitza: ignora els submòduls"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "no ignoris els fitxers nous"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "deixa que els fitxers reemplacin els directoris i viceversa"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "tingues en compte els fitxers absents de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "actualitza encara que l'índex contingui entrades no fusionades"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "actualitza la informació d'estadístiques"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "com --refresh, però ignora l'ajust assume-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<mode>,<objecte>,<camí>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "afegeix l'entrada especificada a l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:786
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "passa per alt el bit executable dels fitxers llistats"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "marca els fitxers com a \"not changing\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "neteja el bit assumed-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "marca els fitxers com a \"index-only\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:799
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "neteja el bit skip-worktree"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:802
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"només afegeix a l'índex; no afegeixis el contingut a la base de dades "
+"d'objectes"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:804
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"elimina els camins anomenats encara que estiguin presents en l'arbre de "
+"treball"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:806
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "amb --stdin: les línies d'entrada acaben amb octets nuls"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:808
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "llegeix la llista de camins a actualitzar des de l'entrada estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:812
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "afegeix les entrades de l'entrada estàndard a l'índex"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:816
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "reemplena les etapes #2 i #3 per als camins llistats"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:820
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "només actualitza les entrades que difereixin de HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:824
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignora els fitxers absents de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:827
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "informa de les accions en la sortida estàndard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:829
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(per porcellanes) oblida't dels conflictes no resolts ni desats"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:833
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "escriu l'índex en aquest format"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:835
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "habilita o inhabilita l'índex dividit"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<opcions>] -d <nom-de-referència> [<valor-antic>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git update-ref [<opcions>]    <nom-de-referència> <valor-nou> [<valor-antic>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<opcions>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:359
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "suprimeix la referència"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:361
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "actualitza <nom de referència>, no la que assenyali"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "stdin té paràmetres acabats amb NUL"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "llegeix les actualitzacions des d'stdin"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "actualitza els fitxers d'informació des de zero"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <comissió>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:75
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "imprimeix els continguts de la comissió"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <paquet>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "detallat"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "mostra només estadístiques"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <etiqueta>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "imprimeix els continguts de l'etiqueta"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<prefix>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "escriu l'objecte d'arbre per a un subdirectori <prefix>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "només útil per a la depuració"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:267
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "imprimeix els missatges de depuració a stderr"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' i 'git help -g' llisten subordres disponibles i\n"
+"algunes guies de concepte. Vegeu 'git help <ordre>' o\n"
+"'git help <concepte>' per a llegir sobre una subordre o concepte\n"
+"específic."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Afegeix els continguts dels fitxers a l'índex"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Troba per cerca binària el canvi que hagi introduït un defecte"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Llista, crea o suprimeix branques"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "Agafa una branca o uns camins a l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Clona un dipòsit a un directori nou"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Registra els canvis al dipòsit"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+"Mostra els canvis entre comissions, la comissió i l'arbre de treball, etc."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Baixa objectes i referències d'un altre dipòsit"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Imprimeix les línies coincidents amb un patró"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Crea un dipòsit de Git buit o reinicialitza un existent"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Mostra els registres de comissió"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Uneix dues o més històries de desenvolupament"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Mou o canvia de nom un fitxer, directori o enllaç simbòlic"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Obtén de i integra amb un altre dipòsit o una branca local"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr ""
+"Actualitza les referències remotes juntament amb els objectes associats"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr "Avança les comissions locals al cap font actualitzat"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Restableix el HEAD actual a l'estat especificat"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Elimina fitxers de l'arbre de treball i de l'índex"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Mostra diversos tipus d'objectes"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Mostra l'estat de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr ""
+"Crea, llista, suprimeix o verifica un objecte d'etiqueta firmat amb GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:143
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "data-de-caducitat"
+
+#: parse-options.h:158
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "operació nul·la (per a compatibilitat amb versions anteriors)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "sigues més detallat"
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "sigues més callat"
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "usa <n> xifres per presentar els SHA-1"
+
+#: rerere.h:27
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+"actualitza l'índex amb la resolució de conflicte reusada si és possible"
+
+#: git-am.sh:53
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "Cal establir la vostra informació de comitent primer"
+
+#: git-am.sh:98
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Sembla que heu mogut HEAD després de l'última fallada de 'am'.\n"
+"No rebobinant a ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: git-am.sh:108
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Quan hàgiu resolt aquest problema, executeu \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"Si preferiu ometre aquest pedaç, executeu \"$cmdline --skip\" en lloc "
+"d'això.\n"
+"Per a restaurar la branca original i deixar d'apedaçar, executeu \"$cmdline "
+"--abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:124
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "No es pot retrocedir a una fusió de 3 vies."
+
+#: git-am.sh:140
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Al dipòsit li manquen els blobs necessaris per a retrocedir a una fusió de 3 "
+"vies."
+
+#: git-am.sh:142
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "Usant la informació d'índex per a reconstruir un arbre base..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:157
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Heu editat el vostre pedaç a mà?\n"
+"No s'aplica als blobs recordats en el seu índex."
+
+#: git-am.sh:166
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Retrocedint a apedaçar la base i fusionar de 3 vies..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:182
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en fusionar els canvis."
+
+#: git-am.sh:277
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "només una sèrie de pedaços StGIT es pot aplicar a la vegada"
+
+#: git-am.sh:364
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "El format de pedaç $patch_format no és compatible."
+
+#: git-am.sh:366
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "La detecció de format de pedaç ha fallat."
+
+#: git-am.sh:398
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Fa molt que l'opció -b/--binary no ha fet res, i\n"
+"s'eliminarà. Si us plau, no l'useu més."
+
+#: git-am.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+"un directori de rebase anterior $dotest encara existeix però s'ha donat una "
+"bústia."
+
+#: git-am.sh:501
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Si us plau, preneu una decisió. --skip o --abort?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Directori $dotest extraviat trobat.\n"
+"Useu \"git am --abort\" per a eliminar-lo."
+
+#: git-am.sh:545
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Operació de resolució no en curs; no reprenem."
+
+#: git-am.sh:612
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr "Índex brut: no es pot aplicar pedaços (bruts: $files)"
+
+#: git-am.sh:722
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"El pedaç és buit. S'ha dividit malament?\n"
+"Si preferiu ometre aquest pedaç, executeu en lloc d'això \"$cmdline --skip"
+"\".\n"
+"Per a restaurar la branca original i deixar d'empaquetar, executeu "
+"\"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:749
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "El pedaç no té cap adreça de correu electrònic vàlida."
+
+#: git-am.sh:796
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"no es pot ser interactiu sense que stdin sigui connectat a un terminal."
+
+#: git-am.sh:800
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "El cos de la comissió és:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:807
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr ""
+"Voleu aplicar-lo? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dita/[v]isualitza el pedaç/[a]ccepta'ls tots "
+
+#: git-am.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Aplicant: $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:864
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Cap canvi - heu oblidat usar 'git add'?\n"
+"Si no hi ha res a allistar, probablement alguna altra cosa\n"
+"ja ha introduït els mateixos canvis; potser voleu ometre aquest pedaç."
+
+#: git-am.sh:872
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Encara teniu camins sense fusionar en el vostre índex\n"
+"heu oblidat d'usar 'git add'?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:888
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Sense canvis -- El pedaç ja s'ha aplicat."
+
+#: git-am.sh:898
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "El pedaç ha fallat a $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"La còpia del pedaç que ha fallat es troba en:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:919
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "aplicant a una història buida"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Cal començar per \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Voleu que ho faci per vós [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "opció no reconeguda: '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' no sembla una revisió vàlida"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD dolent - Cal un HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"L'agafament de '$start_head' ha fallat. Proveu 'git bisect reset <branca-"
+"vàlida>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "no es bisecarà en un arbre en que s'ha fet cg-seek"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "HEAD dolent - referència simbòlica estranya"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Paràmetre bisect_write dolent: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Introducció de revisió dolenta: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Si us plau, invoqueu 'bisect_state' amb almenys un paràmetre."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Introducció de revisió dolenta: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:253
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect bad' pot acceptar només un paràmetre."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:276
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "Avís: bisecant amb només comissió dolenta."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:282
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "N'esteu segur [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Cal donar-me almenys una revisió bona i una dolenta.\n"
+"(Podeu usar \"git bisect bad\" i \"git bisect good\" per això.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:295
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Cal començar amb \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Després cal donar-me almenys una revisió bona i una dolenta.\n"
+"(Podeu usar \"git bisect bad\" i \"git bisect good\" per això.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:366 git-bisect.sh:493
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "No estem bisecant."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:373
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' no és una comissió vàlida"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:382
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha pogut agafar el HEAD original '$branch'.\n"
+"Proveu 'git bisect reset <comissió>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:409
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Cap fitxer de registre donat"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:410
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "no es pot llegir $file per a reproducció"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? de què parleu?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:439
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "executant $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:446
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"el pas de bisecció ha fallat:\n"
+"el codi de sortida $res de '$command' és < 0 o >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:472
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "el pas de bisecció no pot continuar més"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:478
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"el pas de bisecció ha fallat:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' ha surt amb el codi d'error $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:485
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "pas de bisecció reeixit"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Baixar no és possible perquè teniu fitxers sense fusionar.\n"
+"Si us plau, arregleu-los en l'arbre de treball, i després useu\n"
+"'git add/rm <fitxer>' segons sigui apropiat per a marcar resolució i\n"
+"feu una comissió."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr "Baixar no és possible perquè teniu fitxers sense fusionar."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"No heu completat la vostra fusió (MERGE_HEAD existeix).\n"
+"Si us plau, cometeu els vostres canvis abans de fusionar."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:245
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr "actualitzant una branca no nascuda amb canvis afegits a l'índex"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:269
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+"Avís: l'obteniment ha actualitzat el cap de la branca actual.\n"
+"Avís: avançant ràpidament el vostre arbre de treball des de\n"
+"Avís: la comissió $orig_head."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:294
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "No es pot fusionar múltiples branques a un cap buit"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:298
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "No es pot rebasar sobre múltiples branques"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Quan hàgiu resolt aquest problema, executeu \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Si preferiu saltar aquest pedaç, executeu \"git rebase --skip\" en lloc.\n"
+"Per a agafar la branca original i deixar de rebasar, executeu \"git rebase --"
+"abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "S'ha aplicat el magatzem automàtic."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "No es pot emmagatzemar $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:169
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"L'aplicació del magatzem automàtic ha resultat en conflictes.\n"
+"Els vostres canvis estan segurs en el magatzem.\n"
+"Podeu executar \"git stash pop\" o \"git stash drop\" en qualsevol moment.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:208
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "El ganxo prerebase ha refusat rebasar."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:213
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Sembla que git-am està en curs. No es pot rebasar."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:351
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "L'opció --exec s'ha d'usar amb l'opció --interactive"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:356
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "No hi ha rebase en curs?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:367
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "L'acció --edit-todo només es pot usar durant una rebase interactiva."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:374
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "No es pot llegir HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:377
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Heu d'editar tots els conflictes de fusió i després\n"
+"marcar-los com a resolts fent servir git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut tornar a $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:414
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Sembla que ja hi ha un directori $state_dir_base, i\n"
+"em pregunto si esteu enmig d'una altra rebase. Si aquest és el\n"
+"cas, si us plau, proveu\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Si no és el cas, si us plau,\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"i executeu-me de nou. M'aturo per si encara hi teniu alguna cosa\n"
+"de valor."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "font no vàlida $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ja hi ha més d'una base de fusió"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:492 git-rebase.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: no hi ha cap base de fusió"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "No assenyala una comissió vàlida: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "fatal: no hi ha tal branca: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "No es pot emmagatzemar automàticament"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "S'ha creat un magatzem automàtic: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:566
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Si us plau, cometeu-los o emmagatzemeu-los."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:586
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "La branca actual $branch_name està al dia."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:590
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "La branca actual $branch_name està al dia; rebase forçada."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:601
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Canvis de $mb a $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:610
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Primer, rebobinant el cap per a reproduir el vostre treball al damunt..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:620
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "S'ha avançat $branch_name ràpidament a $onto_name"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear amb paràmetres no està implementat"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Encara no teniu la comissió inicial"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "No es pot desar l'estat d'índex actual"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "No es pot desar l'estat d'arbre de treball actual"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "No hi ha canvis seleccionats"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "No es pot eliminar l'índex temporal (això no pot passar)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "No es pot registrar l'estat de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:191
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "No es pot actualitzar $ref_stash amb $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:238
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"error: opció desconeguda de 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       Per a proveir un missatge, useu git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:259
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "No hi ha canvis locals a desar"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:263
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "No es pot inicialitzar el magatzem"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:267
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "No es pot desar l'estat actual"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:285
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "No es poden elminiar els canvis de l'arbre de treball"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:384
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Cap magatzem trobat."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:391
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Massa revisions especificades: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:397
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference no és una referència vàlida"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:425
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' no és una comissió de tipus magatzem"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:436
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' no és una referència de magatzem"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:444
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut actualitzar l'índex"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:448
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "No es pot aplicar un magatzem enmig d'una fusió"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Hi ha conflictes en l'índex. Proveu-ho sense --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:458
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut desar l'arbre d'índex"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "No es pot desallistar fitxers modificats"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:507
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "L'índex no estava sense emmagatzemar."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:530
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "${REV} ($s) descartada"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: No s'ha pogut descartar l'entrada de magatzem"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:539
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Cap nom de branca especificat"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:611
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Per restaurar-les teclegeu \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "no es pot despullar un component de l'url '$remoteurl'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha trobat cap mapatge de submòdul a .gitmodules per al camí '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:287
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "El clonatge de '$url' al camí de submòdul '$sm_path' ha fallat"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:296
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr "El directori de git '$a' és part del camí de submòdul '$b' o viceversa"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"El camí relatiu només es pot usar des del nivell superior de l'arbre de "
+"treball"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:416
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "URL de dipòsit: '$repo' ha de ser absolut o començar amb ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:433
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' ja existeix en l'índex"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"El camí següent s'ignora per un dels vostres fitxers .gitignore:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Useu -f si realment voleu afegir-lo."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:455
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Afegint el dipòsit existent a '$sm_path' a l'índex"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:457
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' ja existeix i no és un dipòsit de git vàlid"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Es troba un directori de git per a '$sm_name' localment amb els remots:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Si voleu tornar a usar aquest directori de git local en lloc de clonar de "
+"nou des de"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"useu l'opció '--force'. Si el directori de git local no és el dipòsit "
+"correcte"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"o esteu insegur de què vol dir això, trieu un altre nom amb l'opció '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:472
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Reactivant el directori de git local per al submòdul '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut agafar el submòdul '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en afegir el submòdul '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:498
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en registrar el submòdul '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:542
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Entrant a '$prefix$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Aturant a '$prefix$displaypath'; l'script ha retornat un estat no zero."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:608
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha trobat cap url per al camí de submòdul '$displaypath' a .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en registrar l'url per al camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "S'ha registrat el submòdul '$name' ($url) per al camí '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"S'ha fallat en registrar el mode d'actualització per al camí de submòdul "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Useu '.' si realment voleu desinicialitzar tots els submòduls"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "L'arbre de treball de submòdul '$displaypath' conté un directori .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(useu 'rm -rf' si realment voleu eliminar-lo inclosa tota la seva història)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"L'arbre de treball de submòdul '$displaypath' conté modificacions locals; "
+"useu '-f' per a descartar-les"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:701
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "S'ha netejat el directori '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:702
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut eliminar l'arbre de treball de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:705
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut crear el directori de submòdul buit '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:714
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Submòdul '$name' ($url) no registrat per al camí '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:830
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Camí de submòdul '$displaypath' no inicialitzat\n"
+"Potser voleu usar 'update --init'?"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"No s'ha pogut trobar la revisió actual en el camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:852
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obtenir en el camí de submòdul '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:876
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut obtenir en el camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut agafar '$sha1' en el camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:891
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Camí de submòdul '$displaypath': s'ha agafat '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:895
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "no s'ha pogut  rebasar '$sha1' en el camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:896
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Camí de submòdul '$displaypath': s'ha rebasat en '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "No s'ha pogut  fusionar '$sha1' en el camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:902
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Camí de submòdul '$displaypath': s'ha fusionat en '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:907
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"L'execució de '$command $sha1' ha fallat en el camí de submòdul '$prefix"
+"$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:908
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Camí de submòdul '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:938
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en recursar al camí de submòdul '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1046
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "L'opció --cached no es pot usar amb l'opció --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1098
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "mode inesperat $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1118
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Avís: $display_name no conté la comissió $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1121
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Avís: $display_name no conté la comissió $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Avís: $display_name no conté les comissions $sha1_src i $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1149
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1267
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "S'ha fallat en recursar al camí de submòdul '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1331
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Sincronitzant l'url de submòdul per a '$displaypath'"
diff --git a/po/de.po b/po/de.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2feaec1888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/de.po
@@ -0,0 +1,11841 @@
+# German translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>, 2010-2015.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-04-03 08:13+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-01-21 15:01+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ralf Thielow <ralf.thielow@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: German <>\n"
+"Language: de\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n!=1);\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Hinweis: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Korrigieren Sie dies im Arbeitsverzeichnis, und benutzen Sie\n"
+"dann 'git add/rm <Datei>', um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren\n"
+"und zu committen."
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<Optionen>] <Commit-Referenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <Repository> [--exec <Programm>] [<Optionen>] <Commit-"
+"Referenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <Repository> [--exec <Programm>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:342 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:427 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' stimmt mit keinen Dateien überein"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "Format"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "Archivformat"
+
+#: archive.c:428 builtin/log.c:1204
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "Präfix"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "einen Präfix vor jeden Pfadnamen in dem Archiv stellen"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2516
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517 builtin/config.c:57 builtin/fast-export.c:986
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988 builtin/grep.c:712 builtin/hash-object.c:101
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446 builtin/ls-files.c:449 builtin/notes.c:394
+#: builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "Datei"
+
+#: archive.c:431 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "das Archiv in diese Datei schreiben"
+
+#: archive.c:433
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr ".gitattributes aus dem Arbeitsverzeichnis lesen"
+
+#: archive.c:434
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "archivierte Dateien in der Standard-Fehlerausgabe ausgeben"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "nur speichern"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "schneller komprimieren"
+
+#: archive.c:444
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "besser komprimieren"
+
+#: archive.c:447
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "unterstützte Archivformate auflisten"
+
+#: archive.c:449 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "Repository"
+
+#: archive.c:450 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "Archiv vom Remote-Repository <Repository> abrufen"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:478
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "Programm"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "Pfad zum externen \"git-upload-archive\"-Programm"
+
+#: attr.c:264
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Verneinende Muster werden in Git-Attributen ignoriert.\n"
+"Benutzen Sie '\\!' für führende Ausrufezeichen."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Branch %s kann nicht sein eigener Upstream-Branch sein."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Branch %s von %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Branch %s von %s."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokalem Branch %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokalem Branch %s."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Referenz %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von Remote-Referenz %s."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokaler Referenz %s durch Rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Branch %s konfiguriert zum Folgen von lokaler Referenz %s."
+
+#: branch.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Konfiguration zum Folgen von Branch nicht eingerichtet. Referenz %s ist "
+"mehrdeutig."
+
+#: branch.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Branchname."
+
+#: branch.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' existiert bereits."
+
+#: branch.c:175
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Kann Aktualisierung des aktuellen Branches nicht erzwingen."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Tracking-Informationen nicht einrichten; Startpunkt '%s' ist kein "
+"Branch."
+
+#: branch.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "der angeforderte Upstream-Branch '%s' existiert nicht"
+
+#: branch.c:199
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Falls Sie vorhaben, Ihre Arbeit auf einem bereits existierenden\n"
+"Upstream-Branch aufzubauen, sollten Sie \"git fetch\"\n"
+"ausführen, um diesen abzurufen.\n"
+"\n"
+"Falls Sie vorhaben, einen neuen lokalen Branch zu versenden\n"
+"der seinem externen Gegenstück folgen soll, können Sie\n"
+"\"git push -u\" verwenden, um den Upstream-Branch beim \"push\"\n"
+"zu konfigurieren."
+
+#: branch.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "mehrdeutiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ungültiger Branchpunkt: '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' sieht nicht wie eine v2 Paketdatei aus"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "nicht erkannter Kopfbereich: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Dem Repository fehlen folgende vorausgesetzte Commits:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 sequencer.c:650 sequencer.c:1105 builtin/blame.c:2705
+#: builtin/branch.c:659 builtin/commit.c:1045 builtin/log.c:330
+#: builtin/log.c:823 builtin/log.c:1432 builtin/log.c:1669 builtin/merge.c:358
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "Einrichtung des Revisionsgangs fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Das Paket enthält diese Referenz:"
+msgstr[1] "Das Paket enthält diese %d Referenzen:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Das Paket speichert eine komplette Historie."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Das Paket benötigt diese Referenz:"
+msgstr[1] "Das Paket benötigt diese %d Referenzen:"
+
+#: bundle.c:251
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Konnte Paketobjekte nicht erstellen"
+
+#: bundle.c:269
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "Erstellung der Paketobjekte abgebrochen"
+
+#: bundle.c:309
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "\"rev-list\" abgebrochen"
+
+#: bundle.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "Referenz '%s' wird durch \"rev-list\" Optionen ausgeschlossen"
+
+#: bundle.c:437 builtin/log.c:153 builtin/log.c:1342 builtin/shortlog.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "nicht erkanntes Argument: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:443
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Erstellung eines leeren Pakets zurückgewiesen."
+
+#: bundle.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "kann '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: bundle.c:474
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "Erstellung der Paketindexdatei abgebrochen"
+
+#: color.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Farbwert: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "konnte %s nicht parsen"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s ist kein Commit!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "Speicher verbraucht"
+
+#: config.c:474 config.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config file line %d in %s"
+msgstr "Zeile %d in Konfigurationsdatei %s ist ungültig."
+
+#: config.c:592
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger numerischer Wert '%s' für Konfiguration '%s' in %s: %s"
+
+#: config.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger numerischer Wert '%s' für Konfiguration '%s': %s"
+
+#: config.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erweitern des Nutzerverzeichnisses in: '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:757 config.c:768
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "ungültiger zlib Komprimierungsgrad %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Modus für Objekterstellung: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1216
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte die über die Kommandozeile angegebene Konfiguration nicht parsen."
+
+#: config.c:1277
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr ""
+"Es trat ein unbekannter Fehler beim Lesen der Konfigurationsdateien auf."
+
+#: config.c:1601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Wert '%s' aus der über die Kommandozeile angegebenen\n"
+"Konfiguration nicht parsen."
+
+#: config.c:1603
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "ungültige Konfigurationsvariable '%s' in Datei '%s' bei Zeile %d"
+
+#: config.c:1662
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s hat mehrere Werte"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Konnte 'git rev-list' nicht ausführen"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben nach rev-list: %s"
+
+#: connected.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schließen von rev-list's Standard-Eingabe: %s"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "in der Zukunft"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Sekunde"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Sekunden"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Minute"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Minuten"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Stunde"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Stunden"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Tag"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Tagen"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Woche"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Wochen"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Monat"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Monaten"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Jahr"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Jahren"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s, und %lu Monat"
+msgstr[1] "%s, und %lu Monaten"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "vor %lu Jahr"
+msgstr[1] "vor %lu Jahren"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen der Reihenfolgedatei '%s'."
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:536
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Führe Erkennung für ungenaue Umbenennung aus"
+
+#: diff.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Fehler beim Parsen des abgeschnittenen \"dirstat\" Prozentsatzes '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Unbekannter \"dirstat\" Parameter '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Wert in Konfigurationsvariable 'diff.dirstat': '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler in 'diff.dirstat' Konfigurationsvariable gefunden:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:2956
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "externes Diff-Programm unerwartet beendet, angehalten bei %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3351
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow erfordert genau eine Pfadspezifikation"
+
+#: diff.c:3514
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler beim Parsen des --dirstat/-X Optionsparameters:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Parsen des --submodule Optionsparameters: '%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:129 gpg-interface.c:200
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "konnte gpg nicht ausführen"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:141
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg hat die Daten nicht akzeptiert"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:152
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg beim Signieren der Daten fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "konnte temporäre Datei '%s' nicht erstellen: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Signatur nach '%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': konnte nicht lesen %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "'%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': read() zu kurz %s"
+
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos in '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "Vorhandene Git-Kommandos irgendwo in Ihrem $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:230
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Kommandos sind:"
+
+#: help.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' scheint ein git-Kommando zu sein, konnte aber\n"
+"nicht ausgeführt werden. Vielleicht ist git-%s fehlerhaft?"
+
+#: help.c:346
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Uh oh. Keine Git-Kommandos auf Ihrem System vorhanden."
+
+#: help.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Warnung: Sie haben das nicht existierende Git-Kommando '%s' ausgeführt.\n"
+"Setze fort unter der Annahme, dass Sie '%s' gemeint haben."
+
+#: help.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "Automatische Ausführung in %0.1f Sekunden ..."
+
+#: help.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: '%s' ist kein Git-Kommando. Siehe 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:384 help.c:444
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Haben Sie das gemeint?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Haben Sie eines von diesen gemeint?"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:283
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+msgstr "FEHLER: Wiederöffnen einer bereits geöffneten Lock-Datei"
+
+#: lockfile.c:285
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+msgstr "FEHLER: Wiederöffnen einer bereits committeten Lock-Datei"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "Lesen des Zwischenspeichers fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/checkout.c:374 builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/clone.c:662
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(ungültiger Commit)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache für Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der \"Tree\"-Objekte"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:688
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen des Pfades '%s'%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Entferne %s, um Platz für Unterverzeichnis zu schaffen\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:713 merge-recursive.c:734
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": vielleicht ein Verzeichnis/Datei-Konflikt?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "verweigere, da unversionierte Dateien in '%s' verloren gehen würden"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Objekt %s '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "Blob erwartet für %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:789 builtin/clone.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Öffnen von '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen einer symbolischen Verknüpfung für '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:800
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "weiß nicht was mit %06o %s '%s' zu machen ist"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:938
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Ausführung des internen Merges"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht zur Datenbank hinzufügen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:958
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "nicht unterstützter Objekttyp im Verzeichnis"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1033 merge-recursive.c:1047
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/löschen): %s gelöscht in %s und %s in %s. Stand %s von %s wurde "
+"im Arbeitsbereich gelassen."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1039 merge-recursive.c:1052
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/löschen): %s gelöscht in %s und %s in %s. Stand %s von %s wurde "
+"im Arbeitsbereich bei %s gelassen."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "umbenennen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "umbenannt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s ist ein Verzeichnis in %s, füge es stattdessen als %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Branch \"%s\" "
+"und \"%s\"->\"%s\" in Branch \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1176
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (bleibt unaufgelöst)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1230
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/umbenennen): Benenne um %s->%s in %s. Benenne um %s->%s "
+"in %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Benenne stattdessen %s nach %s und %s nach %s um"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1459
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (umbenennen/hinzufügen): Benenne um %s->%s in %s. %s hinzugefügt in "
+"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Füge zusammengeführte Datei %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1474 merge-recursive.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Füge stattdessen als %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1525
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "kann Objekt %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1528
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "Objekt %s ist kein Blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "ändern"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "geändert"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1586
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "Inhalt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1593
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "hinzufügen/hinzufügen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1627
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "%s ausgelassen (Ergebnis des Merges existiert bereits)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1641
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "automatischer Merge von %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1645 git-submodule.sh:1150
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "Submodul"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Merge-Konflikt in %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1732
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Entferne %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1757
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "Datei/Verzeichnis"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1763
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis/Datei"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s): Es existiert bereits ein Verzeichnis %s in %s. Füge %s als %s "
+"hinzu."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1778
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Füge %s hinzu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1795
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Fataler Merge-Fehler. Sollte nicht passieren."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1814
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Bereits aktuell!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1823
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "Zusammenführen der \"Tree\"-Objekte %s und %s fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "unverarbeiteter Pfad??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1901
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Merge:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1914
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "%u gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commit gefunden"
+msgstr[1] "%u gemeinsame Vorgänger-Commits gefunden"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1951
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "Merge hat keinen Commit zurückgegeben"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2008
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2019 builtin/merge.c:667
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area nicht schreiben."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann uninitialisiertes/unreferenzierte Notiz-Verzeichnis nicht committen."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger notes.rewriteMode Wert: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+"Umschreiben der Notizen in %s zurückgewiesen (außerhalb von refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger %s Wert: '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: parse-options.c:546
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "Verwendung: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "      oder: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:605
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"Globale Einstellungen zur Pfadspezifikation 'glob' und 'noglob' sind "
+"inkompatibel."
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"Globale Einstellung zur Pfadspezifikation 'literal' ist inkompatibel\n"
+"mit allen anderen Optionen."
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "ungültiger Parameter für Pfadspezifikationsangabe 'prefix'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "ungültige Pfadspezifikationsangabe '%.*s' in '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehlendes ')' am Ende der Pfadspezifikationsangabe in '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht unterstützte Pfadspezifikationsangabe '%c' in '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: 'literal' und 'glob' sind inkompatibel"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: '%s' liegt außerhalb des Repositories"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' befindet sich in Submodul '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"%s: Pfadspezifikationsangabe wird von diesem Kommando nicht unterstützt: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:432
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "Pfadspezifikation '%s' ist hinter einer symbolischen Verknüpfung"
+
+#: pathspec.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+":(exclude) Muster, aber keine anderen Pfadspezifikationen angegeben.\n"
+"Vielleicht haben Sie vergessen entweder ':/' oder '.' hinzuzufügen?"
+
+#: pretty.c:968
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "Konnte --pretty Format nicht parsen."
+
+#: progress.c:225
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "Fertig"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"index.version gesetzt, aber Wert ungültig.\n"
+"Verwende Version %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1285
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION gesetzt, aber Wert ungültig.\n"
+"Verwende Version %i"
+
+#: remote.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Kann 'fetch' nicht für sowohl %s als auch %s nach %s ausführen."
+
+#: remote.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s folgt üblicherweise %s, nicht %s"
+
+#: remote.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s folgt sowohl %s als auch %s"
+
+#: remote.c:798
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Interner Fehler"
+
+#: remote.c:1980
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Ihr Branch basiert auf '%s', aber Upstream-Branch wurde entfernt.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1984
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git branch --unset-upstream\" zum Beheben)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1987
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Ihr Branch ist auf dem selben Stand wie '%s'.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1991
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ihr Branch ist vor '%s' um %d Commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ihr Branch ist vor '%s' um %d Commits.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1997
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git push\", um lokale Commits zu publizieren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Ihr Branch ist zu '%s' um %d Commit hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Ihr Branch ist zu '%s' um %d Commits hinterher, und kann vorgespult werden.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2008
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git pull\", um Ihren lokalen Branch zu aktualisieren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Ihr Branch und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
+"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Commits.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Ihr Branch und '%s' sind divergiert,\n"
+"und haben jeweils %d und %d unterschiedliche Commits.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2021
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git pull\", um Ihren Branch mit dem Remote-Branch "
+"zusammenzuführen)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2348
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --first-parent und --bisect sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: run-command.c:83
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "Öffnen von /dev/null fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: run-command.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: send-pack.c:272
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Signieren des \"push\"-Zertifikates"
+
+#: send-pack.c:356
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr ""
+"die Gegenseite unterstützt keinen signierten Versand (\"--signed push\")"
+
+#: send-pack.c:366
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr ""
+"die Gegenseite unterstützt keinen atomaren Versand (\"--atomic push\")"
+
+#: sequencer.c:172 builtin/merge.c:782 builtin/merge.c:893 builtin/merge.c:995
+#: builtin/merge.c:1005
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
+
+#: sequencer.c:174 builtin/merge.c:344 builtin/merge.c:785 builtin/merge.c:997
+#: builtin/merge.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte nicht nach '%s' schreiben."
+
+#: sequencer.c:195
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markieren Sie die korrigierten Pfade\n"
+"mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:198
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"nach Auflösung der Konflikte, markieren Sie die korrigierten Pfade\n"
+"mit 'git add <Pfade>' oder 'git rm <Pfade>'und tragen Sie das Ergebnis mit\n"
+"'git commit' ein"
+
+#: sequencer.c:211 sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Konnte nicht nach %s schreiben"
+
+#: sequencer.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Nachbereitung von %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:229
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+"Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden von \"cherry-pick\" überschrieben werden."
+
+#: sequencer.c:231
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Ihre lokalen Änderungen würden von \"revert\" überschrieben werden."
+
+#: sequencer.c:234
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr ""
+"Tragen Sie Ihre Änderungen ein oder benutzen Sie \"stash\", um fortzufahren."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben"
+
+#: sequencer.c:339
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit von HEAD nicht auflösen\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:359
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Cache-Verzeichnis nicht aktualisieren\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit %s nicht parsen\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Eltern-Commit %s nicht parsen\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:482
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Ihre Staging-Area-Datei ist nicht zusammengeführt."
+
+#: sequencer.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Commit %s ist ein Merge, aber die Option -m wurde nicht angegeben."
+
+#: sequencer.c:509
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Commit %s hat keinen Elternteil %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "Hauptlinie wurde spezifiziert, aber Commit %s ist kein Merge."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: kann Eltern-Commit %s nicht parsen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Kann keine Commit-Beschreibung für %s bekommen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:616
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "Konnte \"revert\" nicht auf %s... (%s) ausführen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:617
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s... (%s) nicht anwenden"
+
+#: sequencer.c:653
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "leere Menge von Commits übergeben"
+
+#: sequencer.c:661
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Lesen der Staging-Area"
+
+#: sequencer.c:665
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: Fehler beim Aktualisieren der Staging-Area"
+
+#: sequencer.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Kann %s nicht während eines %s durchführen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Konnte Zeile %d nicht parsen."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Keine Commits geparst."
+
+#: sequencer.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht öffnen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen."
+
+#: sequencer.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Unbenutzbares Instruktionsblatt: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:806
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Schlüssel: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Wert für %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Fehlerhaftes Optionsblatt: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:842
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" oder \"revert\" ist bereits im Gang"
+
+#: sequencer.c:843
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "versuchen Sie \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Konnte \"sequencer\"-Verzeichnis %s nicht erstellen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:863 sequencer.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Einpacken von %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:882 sequencer.c:1018
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "kein \"cherry-pick\" oder \"revert\" im Gang"
+
+#: sequencer.c:884
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "kann HEAD nicht auflösen"
+
+#: sequencer.c:886
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "kann nicht abbrechen: bin auf einem Branch, der noch geboren wird"
+
+#: sequencer.c:908 builtin/apply.c:4288
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "Kann %s nicht öffnen: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "Kann %s nicht lesen: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:912
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "Unerwartetes Dateiende"
+
+#: sequencer.c:918
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "gespeicherte \"pre-cherry-pick\" HEAD Datei '%s' ist beschädigt"
+
+#: sequencer.c:941
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht formatieren."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht in \"cherry-pick\" benutzt werden"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: ungültiger Commit"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1123
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Kann nicht als allerersten Commit einen Revert ausführen."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1124
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Kann nicht als allerersten Commit einen Cherry-Pick ausführen."
+
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git erzeugt normalerweise keine Referenzen die mit\n"
+"40 Hex-Zeichen enden, da diese ignoriert werden wenn\n"
+"Sie diese angeben. Diese Referenzen könnten aus Versehen\n"
+"erzeugt worden sein. Zum Beispiel,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"wobei \"$br\" leer ist und eine 40-Hex-Referenz erzeugt\n"
+"wurde. Bitte prüfen Sie diese Referenzen und löschen\n"
+"Sie sie gegebenenfalls. Unterdrücken Sie diese Meldung\n"
+"indem Sie \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"\n"
+"ausführen."
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1068
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD zeigt auf keinen Branch"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solcher Branch '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1073
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein Upstream-Branch für Branch '%s' konfiguriert."
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "Upstream-Branch '%s' ist nicht als Remote-Tracking-Branch gespeichert"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann nicht zusammengeführte .gitmodules-Datei nicht ändern, lösen\n"
+"Sie zuerst die Konflikte auf"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Konnte keine Sektion in .gitmodules mit Pfad \"%s\" finden"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Eintrag '%s' in .gitmodules nicht aktualisieren"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Eintrag '%s' nicht aus .gitmodules entfernen"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "Konnte aktualisierte .gitmodules-Datei nicht zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: submodule.c:1109 builtin/init-db.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Konnte git-Verweis %s nicht erstellen"
+
+#: submodule.c:1120
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "Konnte core.worktree in '%s' nicht setzen."
+
+#: trailer.c:491 trailer.c:495 trailer.c:499 trailer.c:553 trailer.c:557
+#: trailer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "unbekannter Wert '%s' für Schlüssel %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:543 trailer.c:548 builtin/remote.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "mehr als ein %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:581
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "leerer Anhang-Token in Anhang '%.*s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Eingabe-Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: trailer.c:704
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "konnte nicht von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:202
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Checke Dateien aus"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "Ungültiges URL-Schema oder Suffix '://' fehlt"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "ungültige Escape-Sequenz %XX"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "fehlender Host und Schema ist nicht 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "eine 'file:' URL darf keine Portnummer enthalten"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "Hostname enthält ungültige Zeichen"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "ungültige Portnummer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "ungültiges '..' Pfadsegment"
+
+#: wrapper.c:523
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "konnte nicht auf '%s' zugreifen: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte nicht auf '%s' zugreifen"
+
+#: wrapper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "konnte aktuellen Benutzer nicht in Passwort-Datei finden: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:556
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "kein solcher Benutzer"
+
+#: wrapper.c:564
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "Konnte aktuelles Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht bekommen."
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Nicht zusammengeführte Pfade:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git reset %s <Datei>...\" zum Entfernen aus der Staging-"
+"Area)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rm --cached <Datei>...\" zum Entfernen aus der Staging-"
+"Area)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\", um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\", um die Auflösung entsprechend zu "
+"markieren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\", um die Auflösung zu markieren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:878
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:887
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Änderungen, die nicht zum Commit vorgemerkt sind:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add <Datei>...\", um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git add/rm <Datei>...\", um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git checkout -- <Datei>...\", um die Änderungen im "
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis zu verwerfen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (committen oder verwerfen Sie den unversionierten oder geänderten Inhalt "
+"in den Submodulen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git %s <Datei>...\", um die Änderungen zum Commit "
+"vorzumerken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "beide gelöscht:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "von uns hinzugefügt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "von denen gelöscht:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "von denen hinzugefügt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "von uns gelöscht:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "von beiden hinzugefügt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "von beiden geändert:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "Bug: unbehandelter Unmerged-Status %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "neue Datei:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "kopiert:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "gelöscht:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "geändert:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "umbenannt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "Typänderung:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "unbekannt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "nicht gemerged:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "neue Commits, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "geänderter Inhalt, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "unversionierter Inhalt, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "Fehler: unbehandelter Differenz-Status %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:753
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Submodule geändert, aber nicht aktualisiert:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Änderungen in Submodul zum Committen:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:835
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"Ändern Sie nicht die obige Zeile.\n"
+"Alles unterhalb von ihr wird entfernt."
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Sie haben nicht zusammengeführte Pfade."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr " (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie \"git commit\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Alle Konflikte sind behoben, aber Sie sind immer noch beim Merge."
+
+#: wt-status.c:955
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git commit\", um den Merge abzuschließen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:965
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Eine \"am\"-Sitzung ist im Gange."
+
+#: wt-status.c:968
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Der aktuelle Patch ist leer."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git am --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:974
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git am --skip\", um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git am --abort\", um den ursprünglichen Branch "
+"wiederherzustellen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1036 wt-status.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade beim Rebase von Branch '%s' auf '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1041 wt-status.c:1058
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade beim Rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1044
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git rebase --continue\" "
+"aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1046
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --skip\", um diesen Patch auszulassen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1048
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --abort\", um den ursprünglichen Branch "
+"auszuchecken)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1061
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1065
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie teilen gerade einen Commit auf, während ein Rebase von Branch '%s' auf "
+"'%s' im Gange ist."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1070
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Sie teilen gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase auf."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1073
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Sobald Ihr Arbeitsverzeichnis unverändert ist, führen Sie \"git rebase --"
+"continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie editieren gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase von Branch '%s' auf "
+"'%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1082
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Sie editieren gerade einen Commit während eines Rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1085
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git commit --amend\", um den aktuellen Commit "
+"nachzubessern)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1087
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" sobald Ihre Änderungen "
+"abgeschlossen sind)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Sie führen gerade \"cherry-pick\" von Commit %s aus."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1102
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git cherry-pick --continue"
+"\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git cherry-pick --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1107
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git cherry-pick --abort\", um die Cherry-Pick-Operation "
+"abzubrechen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1116
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade an einem Revert von Commit '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1121
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git revert --continue\" "
+"aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git revert --continue\" aus)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1126
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git revert --abort\", um die Revert-Operation abzubrechen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade bei einer binären Suche, gestartet von Branch '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1141
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Sie sind gerade bei einer binären Suche."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1144
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (benutzen Sie \"git bisect reset\", um zum ursprünglichen Branch "
+"zurückzukehren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1321
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Auf Branch "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1328
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "Rebase im Gange; auf "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1333
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD losgelöst bei "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1335
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD losgelöst von "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1338
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Im Moment auf keinem Branch."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1355
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Initialer Commit"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1369
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Unversionierte Dateien"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1371
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Ignorierte Dateien"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Es dauerte %.2f Sekunden die unversionierten Dateien zu bestimmen.\n"
+"'status -uno' könnte das beschleunigen, aber Sie müssen darauf achten,\n"
+"neue Dateien selbstständig hinzuzufügen (siehe 'git help status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1381
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Unversionierte Dateien nicht aufgelistet%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1383
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (benutzen Sie die Option -u, um unversionierte Dateien anzuzeigen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1389
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Keine Änderungen"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1394
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Änderungen zum Commit vorgemerkt (benutzen Sie \"git add\" und/oder "
+"\"git commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1397
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "keine Änderungen zum Commit vorgemerkt\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts zum Commit vorgemerkt, aber es gibt unversionierte Dateien (benutzen "
+"Sie \"git add\" zum Versionieren)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1403
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "nichts zum Commit vorgemerkt, aber es gibt unversionierte Dateien\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts zu committen (Erstellen/Kopieren Sie Dateien und benutzen Sie \"git "
+"add\" zum Versionieren)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1409 wt-status.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "nichts zu committen\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1412
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"nichts zu committen (benutzen Sie die Option -u, um unversionierte Dateien "
+"anzuzeigen)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "nichts zu committen, Arbeitsverzeichnis unverändert\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1525
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (kein Branch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1531
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Initialer Commit auf "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1563
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "entfernt"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1565 wt-status.c:1573
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "hinterher "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht entfernen."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<Optionen>] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "unerwarteter Differenz-Status %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:277
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung der Dateien fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "lösche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr ""
+"Nicht zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen nach Aktualisierung der Staging-Area:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:785
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Konnte die Staging-Area nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Schreiben öffnen."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Konnte Patch nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:216
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Leerer Patch. Abgebrochen."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht anwenden."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:231
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die folgenden Pfade werden durch eine Ihrer \".gitignore\" Dateien "
+"ignoriert:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:248 builtin/clean.c:876 builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/mv.c:110
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/push.c:508 builtin/remote.c:1372
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "Probelauf"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/apply.c:4577 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1322 builtin/count-objects.c:63 builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:1617 builtin/mv.c:109 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:251
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "interaktives Auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:1126 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "Blöcke interaktiv auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "aktuelle Unterschiede editieren und anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "das Hinzufügen andernfalls ignorierter Dateien erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "versionierte Dateien aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "nur speichern, dass der Pfad später hinzugefügt werden soll"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+"Änderungen von allen versionierten und unversionierten Dateien hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:260
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "gelöschte Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis ignorieren (genau wie --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:262
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "nichts hinzufügen, nur die Staging-Area aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+"Dateien überspringen, die aufgrund von Fehlern nicht hinzugefügt werden "
+"konnten"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "prüfen ob - auch fehlende - Dateien im Probelauf ignoriert werden"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Verwenden Sie -f wenn Sie diese wirklich hinzufügen möchten.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:293
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "Hinzufügen von Dateien fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:329
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -A und -u sind zueinander inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:336
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --ignore-missing kann nur zusammen mit --dry-run verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Nichts spezifiziert, nichts hinzugefügt.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Wollten Sie vielleicht 'git add .' sagen?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:363 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:920
+#: builtin/commit.c:335 builtin/mv.c:130 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:299
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "Staging-Area-Datei beschädigt"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:446 builtin/apply.c:4675 builtin/mv.c:279 builtin/rm.c:431
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<Optionen>] [<Patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Whitespace-Option: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Option zum Ignorieren von Whitespace: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:822
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Kann regulären Ausdruck für Zeitstempel %s nicht verarbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:831
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "Ausführung des regulären Ausdrucks gab %d zurück. Eingabe: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "Konnte keinen Dateinamen in Zeile %d des Patches finden."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - erwartete /dev/null, erhielt %s in Zeile "
+"%d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - Inkonsistenter neuer Dateiname in Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - Inkonsistenter alter Dateiname in Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: ungültiges 'git-diff' - erwartete /dev/null in Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1419
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount: unerwartete Zeile: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "Patch-Fragment ohne Kopfbereich bei Zeile %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1493
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Dem Kopfbereich von \"git diff\" fehlen Informationen zum Dateinamen, wenn "
+"%d vorangestellter Teil des Pfades entfernt wird (Zeile %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Dem Kopfbereich von \"git diff\" fehlen Informationen zum Dateinamen, wenn "
+"%d vorangestellte Teile des Pfades entfernt werden (Zeile %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "neue Datei hängt von alten Inhalten ab"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "entfernte Datei hat noch Inhalte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch bei Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "neue Datei %s hängt von alten Inhalten ab"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "entfernte Datei %s hat noch Inhalte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** Warnung: Datei %s wird leer, aber nicht entfernt."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Binär-Patch bei Zeile %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "nicht erkannter Binär-Patch bei Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2051
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "Patch mit nutzlosen Informationen bei Zeile %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2141
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "konnte symbolische Verknüpfung %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "konnte %s nicht öffnen oder lesen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2778
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Zeilenanfang: '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "Patch-Bereich #%d erfolgreich angewendet bei %d (%d Zeile versetzt)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Patch-Bereich #%d erfolgreich angewendet bei %d (%d Zeilen versetzt)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Kontext reduziert zu (%ld/%ld), um Patch-Bereich bei %d anzuwenden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2915
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"bei der Suche nach:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "keine Daten in Binär-Patch für '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3036
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Binär-Patch nicht auf '%s' anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3042
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"Binär-Patch für '%s' erzeugt falsches Ergebnis (erwartete %s, bekam %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3063
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3187
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "kann %s nicht auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3232 builtin/apply.c:3243 builtin/apply.c:3288
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3240
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "'%s' ist hinter einer symbolischen Verknüpfung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3268 builtin/apply.c:3490
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "Pfad %s wurde umbenannt/gelöscht"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3349 builtin/apply.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s ist nicht in der Staging-Area"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3353 builtin/apply.c:3496 builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3358 builtin/apply.c:3512
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s entspricht nicht der Version in der Staging-Area"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3460
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "Lösch-Patch hinterlässt Dateiinhalte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3529
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: falscher Typ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3531
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s ist vom Typ %o, erwartete %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3690 builtin/apply.c:3692
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Pfad '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s ist bereits bereitgestellt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s existiert bereits im Arbeitsverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3770
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "neuer Modus (%o) von %s entspricht nicht dem alten Modus (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3775
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "neuer Modus (%o) von %s entspricht nicht dem alten Modus (%o) von %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "betroffene Datei '%s' ist hinter einer symbolischen Verknüpfung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: Patch konnte nicht angewendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3813
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Prüfe Patch %s ..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3906 builtin/checkout.c:231 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry für Pfad '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4049
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "konnte %s nicht aus der Staging-Area entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4078
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Patch für Submodul %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte neu erstellte Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "kann internen Speicher für eben erstellte Datei %s nicht erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4090 builtin/apply.c:4198
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "kann für %s keinen Eintrag in den Zwischenspeicher hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4123
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "schließe Datei '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4172
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "konnte Datei '%s' mit Modus %o nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch %s sauber angewendet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "interner Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Wende Patch %%s mit %d Zurückweisung an..."
+msgstr[1] "Wende Patch %%s mit %d Zurückweisungen an..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4280
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "Verkürze Name von .rej Datei zu %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch-Bereich #%d sauber angewendet."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4304
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Patch-Block #%d zurückgewiesen."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area-Datei nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4522 builtin/apply.c:4525 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "Pfad"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4523
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "keine Änderungen im angegebenen Pfad anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "Änderungen nur im angegebenen Pfad anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "Anzahl"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4529
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr ""
+"<Anzahl> vorangestellte Schrägstriche von herkömmlichen Differenzpfaden "
+"entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "hinzugefügte Zeilen des Patches ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr ""
+"anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, den \"diffstat\" für die Eingabe "
+"ausgegeben"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr ""
+"die Anzahl von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen in Dezimalnotation anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr ""
+"anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, eine Zusammenfassung für die Eingabe "
+"ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4542
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr ""
+"anstatt der Anwendung des Patches, zeige ob Patch angewendet werden kann"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4544
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr ""
+"sicherstellen, dass der Patch in der aktuellen Staging-Area angewendet "
+"werden kann"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "Patch anwenden, ohne Änderungen im Arbeitsverzeichnis vorzunehmen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4548
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr ""
+"Patch anwenden, der Änderungen außerhalb des Arbeitsverzeichnisses vornimmt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "Patch anwenden (Benutzung mit --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4552
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "versuche 3-Wege-Merge, wenn der Patch nicht angewendet werden konnte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4554
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+"eine temporäre Staging-Area, basierend auf den integrierten Staging-Area-"
+"Informationen, erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556 builtin/checkout-index.c:198 builtin/ls-files.c:412
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "Pfade sind getrennt durch NUL Zeichen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4559
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr ""
+"sicher stellen, dass mindestens <n> Zeilen des Kontextes übereinstimmen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "Aktion"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4561
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "neue oder geänderte Zeilen, die Whitespace-Fehler haben, ermitteln"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4564 builtin/apply.c:4567
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "Änderungen im Whitespace bei der Suche des Kontextes ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "den Patch in umgekehrter Reihenfolge anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4572
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "keinen Kontext erwarten"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4574
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr ""
+"zurückgewiesene Patch-Blöcke in entsprechenden *.rej Dateien hinterlassen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4576
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "sich überlappende Patch-Blöcke erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4579
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "fehlerhaft erkannten fehlenden Zeilenumbruch am Dateiende tolerieren"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4582
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "den Zeilennummern im Kopf des Patch-Blocks nicht vertrauen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4584
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "Wurzelverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4585
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "<Wurzelverzeichnis> vor alle Dateinamen stellen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4607
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --3way kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4615
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --index kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4618
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --cached kann nicht außerhalb eines Repositories verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Patch '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4651
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "unterdrückte %d Whitespace-Fehler"
+msgstr[1] "unterdrückte %d Whitespace-Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4657 builtin/apply.c:4667
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d Zeile fügt Whitespace-Fehler hinzu."
+msgstr[1] "%d Zeilen fügen Whitespace-Fehler hinzu."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Archiv-Datei '%s' nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "Konnte Ausgabe nicht umleiten."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Externes Archiv ohne URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: habe ACK/NAK erwartet, aber EOF bekommen"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "Fehler am anderen Ende: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: Protokollfehler"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: erwartete eine Spülung (flush)"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "'git bisect next' ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "BISECT_HEAD aktualisieren, anstatt den aktuellen Commit auszuchecken"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [<Optionen>] [<rev-opts>] [<Commit>] [--] Datei"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:35
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<rev-opts> sind dokumentiert in git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2500
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "\"blame\"-Einträge schrittweise anzeigen, während wir sie generieren"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2501
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "leere SHA-1 für Grenz-Commits anzeigen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2502
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Ursprungs-Commit nicht als Grenzen behandeln (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2503
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Statistiken zum Arbeitsaufwand anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2504
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Ausgabebewertung für \"blame\"-Einträge anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2505
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "ursprünglichen Dateinamen anzeigen (Standard: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2506
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "ursprüngliche Zeilennummer anzeigen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2507
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Anzeige in einem Format für maschinelle Auswertung"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2508
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige in Format für Fremdprogramme mit Commit-Informationen pro Zeile"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2509
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Den gleichen Ausgabemodus benutzen wie \"git-annotate\" (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2510
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Unbearbeiteten Zeitstempel anzeigen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2511
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Langen Commit-SHA1 anzeigen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2512
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Den Namen des Autors und den Zeitstempel unterdrücken (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2513
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Anstatt des Namens die E-Mail-Adresse des Autors anzeigen (Standard: aus)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2514
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Unterschiede im Whitespace ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2515
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Länger arbeiten, um bessere Übereinstimmungen zu finden"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2516
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Commits von <Datei> benutzen, anstatt \"git-rev-list\" aufzurufen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Inhalte der <Datei>en als endgültiges Abbild benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518 builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "Bewertung"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "kopierte Zeilen innerhalb oder zwischen Dateien finden"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "verschobene Zeilen innerhalb oder zwischen Dateien finden"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "nur Zeilen im Bereich n,m verarbeiten, gezählt von 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2601
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "vor 4 Jahren, und 11 Monaten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<Optionen>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<Optionen>] [-l] [-f] <Branchname> [<Startpunkt>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<Optionen>] [-r] (-d | -D) <Branchname>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<Optionen>] (-m | -M) [<alter-Branch>] <neuer-Branch>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"entferne Branch '%s', der zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
+"         '%s', aber noch nicht mit HEAD zusammengeführt wurde."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"entferne Branch '%s' nicht, der noch nicht zusammengeführt wurde mit\n"
+"         '%s', obwohl er mit HEAD zusammengeführt wurde."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:170
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Objekt für '%s' nicht nachschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:174
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Der Branch '%s' ist nicht vollständig zusammengeführt.\n"
+"Wenn Sie sicher sind diesen Branch zu entfernen, führen Sie 'git branch -D "
+"%s' aus."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:187
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:215
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "kann -a nicht mit -d benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:221
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Objekt für HEAD nicht nachschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Branch '%s' nicht entfernen, da Sie sich gerade auf diesem befinden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:245
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "Remote-Branch '%s' nicht gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' nicht gefunden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Remote-Branches '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entfernen des Branches '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Remote-Branch %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branch %s entfernt (war %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: entfernt]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: %d hinterher]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%d hinterher]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: %d voraus]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%d voraus]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: %d voraus, %d hinterher]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:483
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%d voraus, %d hinterher]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** ungültige Referenz ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch, Rebase von Branch %s im Gange)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch, binäre Suche begonnen bei %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:596
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD losgelöst bei %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:599
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD losgelöst von %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:603
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(kein Branch)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "Objekt '%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr "Konnte einige Referenzen nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann aktuellen Branch nicht umbenennen, solange Sie sich auf keinem befinden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Branchname: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:736
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Umbenennung des Branches fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "falsch benannten Branch '%s' umbenannt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Branch umbenannt zu %s, aber HEAD ist nicht aktualisiert!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:751
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+"Branch ist umbenannt, aber die Aktualisierung der Konfigurationsdatei ist "
+"fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "Missgebildeter Objektname %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Beschreibungsvorlage für Branch nicht schreiben: %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "Hash und Betreff anzeigen; -vv: zusätzlich Upstream-Branch"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "Informationsmeldungen unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "den Übernahmemodus einstellen (siehe git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "Informationen zum Upstream-Branch ändern"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "farbige Ausgaben verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "auf Remote-Tracking-Branches wirken"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834 builtin/branch.c:840 builtin/branch.c:861
+#: builtin/branch.c:867 builtin/commit.c:1582 builtin/commit.c:1583
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584 builtin/commit.c:1585 builtin/tag.c:616
+#: builtin/tag.c:622
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "Commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835 builtin/branch.c:841
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "nur Branches ausgeben, welche diesen Commit beinhalten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:847
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "spezifische Aktionen für \"git-branch\":"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "Remote-Tracking und lokale Branches auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:850
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "vollständig zusammengeführten Branch entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:851
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "Branch löschen (auch wenn nicht zusammengeführt)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:852
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "einen Branch und dessen Reflog verschieben/umbenennen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:853
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr ""
+"einen Branch verschieben/umbenennen, auch wenn das Ziel bereits existiert"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:854
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "Branchnamen auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "das Reflog des Branches erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "die Beschreibung für den Branch bearbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:858
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "Erstellung, Verschiebung/Umbenennung oder Löschung erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "nur Branches ausgeben, die nicht zusammengeführt sind"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:867
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "nur Branches ausgeben, die zusammengeführt sind"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:871
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "Branches in Spalten auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:884
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Konnte HEAD nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:888 builtin/clone.c:637
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD wurde nicht unter \"refs/heads\" gefunden!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:910
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --column und --verbose sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:921 builtin/branch.c:960
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "Branchname erforderlich"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:936
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "zu losgelöstem HEAD kann keine Beschreibung hinterlegt werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "Beschreibung von mehr als einem Branch kann nicht bearbeitet werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Noch kein Commit in Branch '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:951
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Branch '%s' nicht vorhanden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "zu viele Branches für eine Umbenennen-Operation angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:971
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "zu viele Branches angegeben, um Upstream-Branch zu setzen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:975
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte keinen neuen Upstream-Branch von HEAD zu %s setzen, da dieser auf\n"
+"keinen Branch zeigt."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:978 builtin/branch.c:1000 builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solcher Branch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' existiert nicht"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr ""
+"zu viele Branches angegeben, um Konfiguration zu Upstream-Branch zu entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:998
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Konfiguration zu Upstream-Branch von HEAD nicht entfernen, da dieser\n"
+"auf keinen Branch zeigt."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Branch '%s' hat keinen Upstream-Branch gesetzt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1018
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "'HEAD' darf nicht manuell erstellt werden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1024
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen -a und -r bei 'git branch' können nicht gemeimsam mit einem "
+"Branchnamen verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1027
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die --set-upstream Option ist veraltet und wird entfernt. Benutzen Sie --"
+"track oder --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Wenn Sie wollten, dass '%s' den Branch '%s' als Upstream-Branch hat, führen "
+"Sie aus:\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1045
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s ist in Ordnung\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "Um ein Paket zu erstellen wird ein Repository benötigt."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Zum Entpacken wird ein Repository benötigt."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:326
+msgid "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <Art> | --textconv) <Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <Liste-von-Objekten>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:364
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<Art> kann sein: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:365
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "Objektart anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:366
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "Objektgröße anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:368
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "mit Rückgabewert 0 beenden, wenn kein Fehler aufgetreten ist"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:369
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "ansprechende Anzeige des Objektinhaltes"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:371
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "eine Textkonvertierung auf den Inhalt von Blob-Objekten ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:373
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige von Informationen und Inhalt von Objekten, gelesen von der Standard-"
+"Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:376
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"Anzeige von Informationen über Objekte, gelesen von der Standard-Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <Attribut>...] [--] <Pfadname>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+"git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <Attribut>...] < <Liste-von-Pfaden>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "alle Attribute einer Datei ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr ".gitattributes nur von der Staging-Area verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "Dateinamen von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "Einträge von Ein- und Ausgabe mit NUL-Zeichen abschließen"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/gc.c:274
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "Fortschrittsanzeige unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "Eingabe-Pfade ohne Übereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "Staging-Area bei der Prüfung ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "Angabe von Pfadnamen kann nicht gemeinsam mit --stdin verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "Die Option -z kann nur mit --stdin verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "kein Pfad angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "Die Option --quiet ist nur mit einem einzelnen Pfadnamen gültig."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --quiet und --verbose können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching ist nur mit --verbose zulässig"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<Optionen>] <Kontakt>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "ebenfalls Kontakte von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Kontakt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "keine Kontakte angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<Optionen>] [--] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "alle Dateien in der Staging-Area auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:189
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "das Überschreiben bereits existierender Dateien erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:191
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Warnung für existierende Dateien, und Dateien, die sich nicht in der "
+"Staging-Area befinden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:193
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "keine neuen Dateien auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:195
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "Dateiinformationen in der Staging-Area-Datei aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:201
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "eine Liste von Pfaden von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "den Inhalt in temporäre Dateien schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "Zeichenkette"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:205
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr ""
+"wenn Dateien erzeugt werden, stelle <Zeichenkette> dem Dateinamen voran"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:208
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "Dateien von dem benannten Stand kopieren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<Optionen>] <Branch>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<Optionen>] [<Branch>] -- <Datei>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132 builtin/checkout.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht unsere Version."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht deren Version."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht alle notwendigen Versionen."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' hat nicht die notwendigen Versionen."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s': kann nicht zusammenführen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Merge-Ergebnis von '%s' nicht hinzufügen."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:255
+#: builtin/checkout.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit Pfaden verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Branch '%s' wechseln"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:278 builtin/checkout.c:467
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "beschädigte Staging-Area-Datei"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:338 builtin/checkout.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "Pfad '%s' ist nicht zusammengeführt."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:489
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "Sie müssen zuerst Ihre aktuelle Staging-Area auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Konnte \"reflog\" für '%s' nicht durchführen\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD ist jetzt bei"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Setze Branch '%s' neu\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Bereits auf '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Zu umgesetztem Branch '%s' gewechselt\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:669 builtin/checkout.c:1050
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Zu neuem Branch '%s' gewechselt\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Zu Branch '%s' gewechselt\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:723
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... und %d weitere.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:729
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Warnung: Sie lassen %d Commit zurück. Folgender Commit ist in\n"
+"keinem Ihrer Branches enthalten:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Warnung: Sie lassen %d Commits zurück. Folgende Commits sind in\n"
+"keinem Ihrer Branches enthalten:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie diese durch einen neuen Branch behalten möchten, dann könnte jetzt\n"
+"ein guter Zeitpunkt sein dies zu tun mit:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <neuer-Branchname> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:777
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "interner Fehler im Revisionsgang"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:781
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "Vorherige Position von HEAD war"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:808 builtin/checkout.c:1045
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Sie sind auf einem Branch, der noch geboren wird"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:952
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "nur eine Referenz erwartet, %d gegeben."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültige Referenz: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1020
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "Referenz ist kein \"Tree\"-Objekt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "Pfade können nicht beim Wechseln von Branches verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062 builtin/checkout.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht beim Wechseln von Branches verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' kann nicht mit '%s' verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann Branch nicht zu Nicht-Commit '%s' wechseln"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108 builtin/checkout.c:1110 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:159 builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "Branch"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1109
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "einen neuen Branch erzeugen und auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "einen Branch erstellen/umsetzen und auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1112
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "das Reflog für den neuen Branch erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "HEAD zu benanntem Commit setzen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1114
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "Informationen zum Upstream-Branch für den neuen Branch setzen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "neuer Branch"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "neuer Branch ohne Eltern-Commit"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1117
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "unsere Variante für nicht zusammengeführte Dateien auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1119
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "ihre Variante für nicht zusammengeführte Dateien auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1121
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "Auschecken erzwingen (verwirft lokale Änderungen)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1122
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "einen 3-Wege-Merge mit dem neuen Branch ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1123 builtin/merge.c:227
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "ignorierte Dateien aktualisieren (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1124 builtin/log.c:1239 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "Stil"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "Konfliktstil (merge oder diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "keine Einschränkung bei Pfadspezifikationen zum partiellen Auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1130
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -b, -B und --orphan schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1170
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "Bei der Option --track muss ein Branchname angegeben werden."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1175
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Vermisse Branchnamen; versuchen Sie -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1212
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "ungültige Pfadspezifikation"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann nicht gleichzeitig Pfade aktualisieren und zu Branch '%s' wechseln.\n"
+"Haben Sie beabsichtigt '%s' auszuchecken, welcher nicht als Commit aufgelöst "
+"werden kann?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1224
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach nimmt kein Pfad-Argument '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1228
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force und --merge sind inkompatibel wenn\n"
+"Sie aus der Staging-Area auschecken."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <Muster>] [-x | -X] [--] <Pfade>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Lösche %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Würde %s löschen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Überspringe Repository %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Würde Repository %s überspringen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Löschen von %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Eingabehilfe:\n"
+"1          - nummeriertes Element auswählen\n"
+"foo        - Element anhand eines eindeutigen Präfix auswählen\n"
+"           - (leer) nichts auswählen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:299
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Eingabehilfe:\n"
+"1          - einzelnes Element auswählen\n"
+"3-5        - Bereich von Elementen auswählen\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - mehrere Bereiche auswählen\n"
+"foo        - Element anhand eines eindeutigen Präfix auswählen\n"
+"-...       - angegebenes Element abwählen\n"
+"*          - alle Elemente auswählen\n"
+"           - (leer) Auswahl beenden"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:517
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Wie bitte (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Ignorier-Muster eingeben>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "WARNUNG: Kann keine Einträge finden die Muster entsprechen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Wählen Sie Einträge zum Löschen"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "'%s' löschen [y/N]? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:783
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Tschüss."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:791
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - Clean starten\n"
+"filter by pattern   - Einträge von Löschung ausschließen\n"
+"select by numbers   - Auswahl von Einträgen über Nummern\n"
+"ask each            - jede Löschung bestätigen (wie \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - Clean beenden\n"
+"help                - diese Meldung anzeigen\n"
+"?                   - Hilfe zur Auswahl mittels Eingabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Kommandos ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:819
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Was nun"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:827
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Würde das folgende Element entfernen:"
+msgstr[1] "Würde die folgenden Elemente entfernen:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:844
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Keine Dateien mehr zum Löschen, beende."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "keine Namen von gelöschten Dateien ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "Aktion erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:878
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "interaktives Clean"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "ganze Verzeichnisse löschen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:714
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:443 builtin/name-rev.c:311 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "Muster"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "<Muster> zu den Regeln für ignorierte Pfade hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:883
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "auch ignorierte Dateien löschen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:885
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "nur ignorierte Dateien löschen"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:903
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Die Optionen -x und -X können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:907
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -i, -n noch -f gegeben; "
+"\"clean\" verweigert"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:910
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce standardmäßig auf \"true\" gesetzt und weder -i, -n noch -"
+"f gegeben; \"clean\" verweigert"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<Optionen>] [--] <Repository> [<Verzeichnis>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66 builtin/fetch.c:111 builtin/merge.c:224
+#: builtin/push.c:523
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "Fortschrittsanzeige erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "kein Auschecken"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/clone.c:71 builtin/init-db.c:496
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "ein Bare-Repository erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "ein Spiegelarchiv erstellen (impliziert --bare)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "von einem lokalen Repository klonen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "lokal keine harten Verweise verwenden, immer Kopien"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "als verteiltes Repository einrichten"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "Submodule im Klon initialisieren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:493
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "Vorlagenverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis, von welchem die Vorlagen verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "Repository referenzieren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "Name"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "<Name> statt 'origin' für Upstream-Repository verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "<Branch> auschecken, anstatt HEAD des Remote-Repositories"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "Pfad zu \"git-upload-pack\" auf der Gegenseite"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "Tiefe"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr ""
+"einen Klon mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow) in dieser Tiefe erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "nur einen Branch klonen, HEAD oder --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "--reference nur während des Klonens benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100 builtin/init-db.c:502
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr ".git-Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101 builtin/init-db.c:503
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "Git-Verzeichnis vom Arbeitsverzeichnis separieren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "Schlüssel=Wert"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:103
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "Konfiguration innerhalb des neuen Repositories setzen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "Referenziertes Repository '%s' ist kein lokales Repository."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr ""
+"Referenziertes Repository '%s' hat eine unvollständige Historie (shallow)."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr ""
+"Referenziertes Repository '%s' ist mit künstlichen Vorgängern (\"grafts\") "
+"eingehängt."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen von Verzeichnis '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:327 builtin/diff.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s existiert und ist kein Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht lesen\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Verweis '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:369
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Datei nicht nach '%s' kopieren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:392 builtin/clone.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "Fertig.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:404
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Klonen erfolgreich, Auschecken ist aber fehlgeschlagen.\n"
+"Sie können mit 'git status' prüfen, was ausgecheckt worden ist\n"
+"und das Auschecken mit 'git checkout -f HEAD' erneut versuchen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Konnte zu klonenden Remote-Branch %s nicht finden."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Prüfe Konnektivität ... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:564
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "Remote-Repository hat nicht alle erforderlichen Objekte gesendet."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Externer HEAD bezieht sich auf eine nicht existierende Referenz und kann "
+"nicht ausgecheckt werden.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:659
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis konnte nicht ausgecheckt werden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:746
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "Kann \"repack\" zum Aufräumen nicht aufrufen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:748
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "Kann temporäre \"alternates\"-Datei nicht entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Zu viele Argumente."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:782
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Sie müssen ein Repository zum Klonen angeben."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:793
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --bare und --origin %s sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --bare und --separate-git-dir sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "Repository '%s' existiert nicht."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:815 builtin/fetch.c:1156
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "Tiefe %s ist keine positive Zahl"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:825
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "Zielpfad '%s' existiert bereits und ist kein leeres Verzeichnis."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' existiert bereits."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:850 builtin/clone.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte führende Verzeichnisse von '%s' nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Klone in Bare-Repository '%s' ...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:873
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Klone nach '%s' ...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:898
+msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+msgstr "--dissociate ohne --reference angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:913
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --depth wird in lokalen Klonen ignoriert; benutzen Sie "
+"stattdessen file://"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:916
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr ""
+"Quelle ist ein Repository mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow),ignoriere --"
+"local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local wird ignoriert"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:925
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Weiß nicht wie %s zu klonen ist."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:976 builtin/clone.c:984
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Remote-Branch %s nicht im Upstream-Repository %s gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:987
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Sie scheinen ein leeres Repository geklont zu haben."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "Konfigurationsvariablen nachschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "zu verwendende Anordnung"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "maximale Breite"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Abstand zum linken Rand"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Abstand zur rechten Rand"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Abstand zwischen Spalten"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "Die Option --command muss an erster Stelle stehen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:37
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<Optionen>] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:42
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<Optionen>] [--] <Pfadspezifikation>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:47
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ihr Name und E-Mail Adresse wurden automatisch auf Basis\n"
+"Ihres Benutzer- und Rechnernamens konfiguriert. Bitte prüfen Sie, dass\n"
+"diese zutreffend sind. Sie können diese Meldung unterdrücken, indem Sie\n"
+"diese explizit setzen. Führen Sie dazu das folgende Kommando aus und folgen\n"
+"Sie den Anweisungen in Ihrem Editor, um die Konfigurationsdatei zu "
+"bearbeiten:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"Nachdem Sie das getan haben, können Sie Ihre Identität für diesen Commit\n"
+"ändern mit:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ihr Name und E-Mail Adresse wurden automatisch auf Basis\n"
+"Ihres Benutzer- und Rechnernamens konfiguriert. Bitte prüfen Sie, dass\n"
+"diese zutreffend sind. Sie können diese Meldung unterdrücken, indem Sie\n"
+"diese explizit setzen:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Ihr Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email ihre@emailadresse.de\n"
+"\n"
+"Nachdem Sie das getan haben, können Sie Ihre Identität für diesen Commit "
+"ändern:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie fragten den jüngsten Commit nachzubessern, aber das würde diesen leer\n"
+"machen. Sie können Ihr Kommando mit --allow-empty wiederholen, oder diesen\n"
+"Commit mit \"git reset HEAD^\" vollständig entfernen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:77
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Der letzte \"cherry-pick\" ist jetzt leer, möglicherweise durch eine "
+"Konfliktauflösung.\n"
+"Wenn Sie dies trotzdem committen wollen, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:84
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Andernfalls benutzen Sie bitte 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:87
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie diesen Commit auslassen möchten, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Benutzen Sie anschließend \"git cherry-pick --continue\", um die\n"
+"Cherry-Pick-Operation mit den verbleibenden Commits fortzusetzen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:304
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Entpacken des \"Tree\"-Objektes von HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:344
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "Konnte temporäre Staging-Area nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:350
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:361
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:363
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "Konnte temporäre Staging-Area nicht aktualisieren."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Konnte Haupt-Cache-Verzeichnis nicht aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:414 builtin/commit.c:463
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "Konnte new_index Datei nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:445
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "Kann keinen Teil-Commit durchführen, während ein Merge im Gange ist."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann keinen Teil-Commit durchführen, während \"cherry-pick\" im Gange ist."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:456
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "Kann Staging-Area nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:475
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "Konnte temporäre Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "Commit '%s' fehlt Autor-Kopfbereich"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "Commit '%s' hat fehlerhafte Autor-Zeile"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:601
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "Fehlerhafter --author Parameter"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiges Datumsformat: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:653
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte kein Kommentar-Zeichen auswählen, das nicht in\n"
+"der aktuellen Commit-Beschreibung verwendet wird."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:690 builtin/commit.c:723 builtin/commit.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit %s nicht nachschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:702 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(lese Log-Nachricht von Standard-Eingabe)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "Konnte Log nicht von Standard-Eingabe lesen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Log-Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "Konnte MERGE_MSG nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:734
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Konnte SQUASH_MSG nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:785
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Vorlage nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Es sieht so aus, als committen Sie einen Merge.\n"
+"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, löschen Sie bitte die Datei\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"und versuchen Sie es erneut.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Es sieht so aus, als committen Sie einen \"cherry-pick\".\n"
+"Falls das nicht korrekt ist, löschen Sie bitte die Datei\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"und versuchen Sie es erneut.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung für Ihre Änderungen ein. Zeilen,\n"
+"die mit '%c' beginnen, werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung\n"
+"bricht den Commit ab.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:828
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung für Ihre Änderungen ein. Zeilen, "
+"die\n"
+"mit '%c' beginnen, werden beibehalten; wenn Sie möchten, können Sie diese "
+"entfernen.\n"
+"Eine leere Beschreibung bricht den Commit ab.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:848
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sAutor:           %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:856
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sDatum:            %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sCommit-Ersteller: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:881
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Kann Staging-Area nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:938
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erzeugen der \"Tree\"-Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:953 builtin/tag.c:495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte liefern Sie eine Beschreibung entweder mit der Option -m oder -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author '%s' ist nicht im Format 'Name <E-Mail>' und stimmt mit keinem "
+"vorhandenen Autor überein"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070 builtin/commit.c:1310
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Modus '%s' für unversionierte Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1107
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --long und -z sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1137
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --reset-author und --author können nicht gemeinsam verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1146
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Sie haben nichts für \"--amend\"."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1149
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Ein Merge ist im Gange -- kann \"--amend\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1151
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" ist im Gange -- kann \"--amend\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --squash und --fixup können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Es kann nur eine Option von -c/-C/-F/--fixup verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Die Option -m kann nicht mit -c/-C/-F/--fixup kombiniert werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --reset--author kann nur mit -C, -c oder --amend verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1191
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Es kann nur eine Option von --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1193
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --include und --only können nur mit der Angabe von Pfaden "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1195
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr ""
+"Klug ... den letzten Commit mit einer geänderten Staging-Area nachbessern."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1197
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "Explizite Pfade ohne -i oder -o angegeben; nehme --only an"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1209 builtin/tag.c:728
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger \"cleanup\" Modus %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Die Option -a kann nicht mit der Angabe von Pfaden verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1324 builtin/commit.c:1604
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "Status im Kurzformat anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1326 builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "Branchinformationen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1328 builtin/commit.c:1608 builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "maschinenlesbare Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1331 builtin/commit.c:1610
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "Status im Langformat anzeigen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1334 builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "Einträge mit NUL-Zeichen abschließen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1336 builtin/commit.c:1616 builtin/fast-export.c:980
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:983 builtin/tag.c:603
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "Modus"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"unversionierte Dateien anzeigen, optionale Modi: all, normal, no. (Standard: "
+"all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "ignorierte Dateien anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1341 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "wann"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"Änderungen in Submodulen ignorieren, optional wenn: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Standard: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1344
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "unversionierte Dateien in Spalten auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "Konnte neu erstellten Commit nicht nachschlagen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "Konnte neulich erstellten Commit nicht analysieren."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "losgelöster HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (Basis-Commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "Zusammenfassung nach erfolgreichem Commit unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "Unterschiede in Commit-Beschreibungsvorlage anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1577
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Commit-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578 builtin/tag.c:601
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "Beschreibung von Datei lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "Autor"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "Autor eines Commits überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580 builtin/gc.c:275
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "Datum"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "Datum eines Commits überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581 builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/notes.c:391
+#: builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/tag.c:599
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "Beschreibung des angegebenen Commits wiederverwenden und editieren"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "Beschreibung des angegebenen Commits wiederverwenden"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung zum Nachbessern des "
+"angegebenen Commits verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1585
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"eine automatisch zusammengesetzte Beschreibung beim \"squash\" des "
+"angegebenen Commits verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "Sie als Autor des Commits setzen (verwendet mit -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587 builtin/log.c:1191 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "'Signed-off-by:'-Zeile hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1588
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "angegebene Vorlagendatei verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1589
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung des Commits erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "Standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590 builtin/tag.c:604
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr ""
+"wie Leerzeichen und #Kommentare von der Beschreibung getrennt werden sollen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "Status in die Commit-Beschreibungsvorlage einfügen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592 builtin/merge.c:225 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/tag.c:605
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "GPG-Schlüsselkennung"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1593 builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "Commit mit GPG signieren"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Commit-Inhalt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "alle geänderten Dateien committen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "die angegebenen Dateien zusätzlich zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen von Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "interaktives Hinzufügen von Änderungen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "nur die angegebenen Dateien committen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "\"pre-commit hook\" umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "anzeigen, was committet werden würde"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "vorherigen Commit ändern"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "\"post-rewrite hook\" umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "Aufzeichnung einer leeren Änderung erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1622
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "Aufzeichnung einer Änderung mit einer leeren Beschreibung erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1651
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit von HEAD nicht analysieren."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1690 builtin/merge.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht zum Lesen öffnen."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1697
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Beschädigte MERGE_HEAD-Datei (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1704
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "Konnte MERGE_MODE nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1723
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Commit-Beschreibung nicht lesen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1734
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Commit abgebrochen; Sie haben die Beschreibung nicht editiert.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1739
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Commit aufgrund leerer Beschreibung abgebrochen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1754 builtin/merge.c:851 builtin/merge.c:876
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben des Commit-Objektes."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1787
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Das Repository wurde aktualisiert, aber die \"new_index\"-Datei\n"
+"konnte nicht geschrieben werden. Prüfen Sie, dass Ihre Festplatte nicht\n"
+"voll und Ihr Kontingent nicht aufgebraucht ist und führen Sie\n"
+"anschließend \"git reset HEAD\" zu Wiederherstellung aus."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Ort der Konfigurationsdatei"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "globale Konfigurationsdatei verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "systemweite Konfigurationsdatei verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "Konfigurationsdatei des Repositories verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "die angegebene Konfigurationsdatei verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "Blob-Id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "Konfiguration von angegebenem Blob-Objekt lesen"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Aktion"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "Wert zurückgeben: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "alle Werte zurückgeben: Schlüssel [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "Werte für den regulären Ausdruck zurückgeben: Name-regex [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "Wert spezifisch für eine URL zurückgeben: section[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "alle passenden Variablen ersetzen: Name Wert [Wert-regex] "
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "neue Variable hinzufügen: Name Wert"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "eine Variable entfernen: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "alle Übereinstimmungen entfernen: Name [Wert-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "eine Sektion umbenennen: alter-Name neuer-Name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "eine Sektion entfernen: Name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "alles auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "einen Editor öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "die konfigurierte Farbe finden: Slot [Standard]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "die Farbeinstellung finden: Slot [Standard-Ausgabe-ist-Terminal]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Typ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "Wert ist \"true\" oder \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "Wert ist eine Dezimalzahl"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "Wert ist --bool oder --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "Wert ist ein Pfad (Datei oder Verzeichnisname)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Sonstiges"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "schließt Werte mit NUL-Byte ab"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "beachtet \"include\"-Direktiven beim Nachschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:316
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "konnte Standard-Farbwert nicht parsen"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:457
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Das ist Git's benutzerspezifische Konfiguraionsdatei.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Bitte passen Sie die folgenden Zeilen an und kommentieren Sie diese aus:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:589
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Konfigurationsdatei '%s' nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:55
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:65
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "gibt Größenangaben in menschenlesbaren Format aus"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<Optionen>] [<Commit-Angabe>...]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<Optionen>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag %s ist nicht verfügbar"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag %s hat keinen eingebetteten Namen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' ist eigentlich '%s' hier"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:452
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "%s ist kein gültiger Objekt-Name"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s ist kein gültiges '%s' Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "kein Tag entspricht exakt '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "suche zur Beschreibung von %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "beendete Suche bei %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Keine annotierten Tags können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
+"Jedoch gab es nicht-annotierte Tags: versuchen Sie --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Keine Tags können '%s' beschreiben.\n"
+"Versuchen Sie --always oder erstellen Sie einige Tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "%lu Commits durchlaufen\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mehr als %i Tags gefunden; Führe die ersten %i auf\n"
+"Suche bei %s aufgegeben\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "das Tag finden, das nach dem Commit kommt"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "die Suchstrategie in der Standard-Fehlerausgabe protokollieren"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "alle Referenzen verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "jedes Tag verwenden, auch nicht-annotierte"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "immer langes Format verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "nur erstem Elternteil folgen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "nur exakte Übereinstimmungen ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "die jüngsten <n> Tags betrachten (Standard: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "nur Tags, die <Muster> entsprechen, betrachten"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "gekürztes Commit-Objekt anzeigen, wenn sonst nichts zutrifft"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "Kennzeichen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr ""
+"<Kennzeichen> bei geändertem Arbeitsverzeichnis hinzufügen (Standard: \"-"
+"dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --long und --abbrev=0 sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Keine Namen gefunden, kann nichts beschreiben."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "Die Option --dirty kann nicht mit Commits verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s': keine reguläre Datei oder symbolische Verknüpfung"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültige Option: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:358
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Kein Git-Repository"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "Objekt '%s' ist ungültig."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "Mehr als zwei Blobs angegeben: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:417
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "unbehandeltes Objekt '%s' angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:24
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:979
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "Fortschritt nach <n> Objekten anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:981
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "Behandlung von signierten Tags wählen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "Behandlung von Tags wählen, die gefilterte Objekte markieren"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:987
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Kennzeichen in diese Datei schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Kennzeichen von dieser Datei importieren"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:991
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "künstlich einen Tag-Ersteller erzeugen, wenn das Tag keinen hat"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:993
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "für jeden Commit das gesamte Verzeichnis ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:995
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "die \"done\"-Funktion benutzen, um den Datenstrom abzuschließen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Ausgabe von Blob-Daten überspringen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "Refspec"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Refspec auf exportierte Referenzen anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "Ausgabe anonymisieren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:19
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] [<Repository> [<Refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<Optionen>] <Gruppe>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<Optionen>] [(<Repository> | <Gruppe>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "fordert von allen Remote-Repositories an"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:91
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "an .git/FETCH_HEAD anhängen, anstatt zu überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "Pfad des Programms zum Hochladen von Paketen auf der Gegenseite"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "das Überschreiben von lokalen Branches erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "von mehreren Remote-Repositories anfordern"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "alle Tags und verbundene Objekte anfordern"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "nicht alle Tags anfordern (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+"Remote-Tracking-Branches entfernen, die sich nicht mehr im Remote-Repository "
+"befinden"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "bei-Bedarf"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:104
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "rekursive Anforderungen von Submodulen kontrollieren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "heruntergeladenes Paket behalten"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:110
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung der \"HEAD\"-Referenz erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr ""
+"die Historie eines Klons mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow) vertiefen"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "zu einem vollständigen Repository konvertieren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "dies an die Ausgabe der Submodul-Pfade voranstellen"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:121
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "Standard-Modus für Rekursion"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "Referenzen, die .git/shallow aktualisieren, akzeptieren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:124
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "Refmap"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:125
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "Refmap für 'fetch' angeben"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Konnte Remote-Referenz von HEAD nicht finden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "Objekt %s nicht gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:460
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[aktuell]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kann \"fetch\" im aktuellen Branch nicht ausführen)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:475 builtin/fetch.c:561
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[zurückgewiesen]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[Tag Aktualisierung]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488 builtin/fetch.c:523 builtin/fetch.c:541
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (kann lokale Referenz nicht aktualisieren)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:506
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[neues Tag]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:509
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[neuer Branch]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:512
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[neue Referenz]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "kann lokale Referenz nicht aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung erzwungen"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:563
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(kein Vorspulen)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:596 builtin/fetch.c:829
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "kann %s nicht öffnen: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:605
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s hat nicht alle erforderlichen Objekte gesendet\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr ""
+"%s wurde zurückgewiesen, da Ursprungs-Commits von Repositoriesmit "
+"unvollständiger Historie (shallow) nicht aktualisiert werden dürfen."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:711 builtin/fetch.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Von %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:722
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"Einige lokale Referenzen konnten nicht aktualisiert werden; versuchen Sie\n"
+"'git remote prune %s', um jeden älteren, widersprüchlichen Branch zu löschen."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:774
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s wird unreferenziert)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:775
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s wurde unreferenziert)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:799
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[gelöscht]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:800 builtin/remote.c:1060
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(nichts)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Der \"fetch\" in den aktuellen Branch %s von einem nicht-Bare-Repository "
+"wurde verweigert."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:838
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "Option \"%s\" Wert \"%s\" ist nicht gültig für %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Option \"%s\" wird ignoriert für %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Weiß nicht wie von %s angefordert wird."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1059
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Fordere an von %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1061 builtin/remote.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "Konnte nicht von %s anfordern"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1079
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Kein Remote-Repository angegeben. Bitte geben Sie entweder eine URL\n"
+"oder den Namen des Remote-Repositories an, von welchem neue\n"
+"Commits angefordert werden sollen."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Sie müssen den Namen des Tags angeben."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1144
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --depth und --unshallow können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1146
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --unshallow kann nicht in einem Repository mit unvollständiger "
+"Historie verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1169
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all akzeptiert kein Repository als Argument"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1171
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all kann nicht mit Refspecs verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Repository (einzeln oder Gruppe): %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1190
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Das Abholen einer Gruppe von Remote-Repositories kann nicht mit der Angabe\n"
+"von Refspecs verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <Beschreibung>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file "
+"<Datei>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:665 builtin/grep.c:698
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657 builtin/show-ref.c:178 builtin/tag.c:590
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "Anzahl"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "Historie mit höchstens <n> Einträgen von \"shortlog\" hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "Alias für --log (veraltet)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "Text"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "<Text> als Beschreibungsanfang verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "Datei zum Einlesen"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:675
+msgid "unable to parse format"
+msgstr "Konnte Format nicht parsen."
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1063
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<Optionen>] [<Muster>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1078
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "Platzhalter als Shell-String formatieren"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1080
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "Platzhalter als Perl-String formatieren"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1082
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "Platzhalter als Python-String formatieren"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1084
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "Platzhalter als Tcl-String formatieren"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1087
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "nur <n> passende Referenzen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088 builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "Format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "für die Ausgabe zu verwendendes Format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1089
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "Schüssel"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1090
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "sortiere nach diesem Feld"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:147 builtin/prune.c:137
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Prüfe Konnektivität"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:540
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Prüfe Objekt-Verzeichnisse"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:603
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:609
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "unerreichbare Objekte anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:610
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "unreferenzierte Objekte anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:611
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "Tags melden"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:612
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "Hauptwurzeln melden"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "Objekte in der Staging-Area prüfen"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "die Reflogs prüfen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "ebenso Pakete und alternative Objekte betrachten"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "genauere Prüfung aktivieren"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "unreferenzierte Objekte nach .git/lost-found schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619 builtin/prune.c:108
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "Fortschrittsanzeige anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:669
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Prüfe Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:24
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiges Wert für \"gc.pruneexpire\": '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "zu langes Objekt-Verzeichnis %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:276
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "unreferenzierte Objekte entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:278
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "mehr Gründlichkeit (erhöht Laufzeit)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:279
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "\"auto-gc\" Modus aktivieren"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:280
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr ""
+"Ausführung von \"git gc\" erwzingen, selbst wenn ein anderes\n"
+"\"git gc\" bereits ausgeführt wird"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Datenbank des Repositories wird für eine optimale Performance im\n"
+"Hintergrund komprimiert.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:323
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Datenbank des Projektarchivs wird für eine optimale Performance "
+"komprimiert.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Siehe \"git help gc\" für manuelles Aufräumen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:342
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"\"git gc\" wird bereits auf Maschine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> ausgeführt\n"
+"(benutzen Sie --force falls nicht)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:364
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Es gibt zu viele unerreichbare lose Objekte; führen Sie 'git prune' aus, um "
+"diese zu löschen."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<Optionen>] [-e] <Muster> [<Commit>...] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: Fehler beim Erzeugen eines Thread: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:441 builtin/grep.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "konnte \"Tree\"-Objekt (%s) nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "kann \"grep\" nicht mit Objekten des Typs %s durchführen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:547
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "Schalter '%c' erwartet einen numerischen Wert"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "kann '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:638
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "in der Staging-Area anstatt im Arbeitsverzeichnis suchen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:640
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "auch in Inhalten finden, die nicht von Git verwaltet werden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "in versionierten und unversionierten Dateien suchen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "Dateien, die über '.gitignore' angegeben sind, ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "Zeilen ohne Übereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "Übereinstimmungen unabhängig von Groß- und Kleinschreibung finden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "nur ganze Wörter suchen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "binäre Dateien als Text verarbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "keine Muster in Binärdateien finden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "binäre Dateien mit \"textconv\"-Filtern verarbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "höchstens <Tiefe> Ebenen durchlaufen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "erweiterte reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "grundlegende reguläre Ausdrücke aus POSIX verwenden (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "Muster als feste Zeichenketten interpretieren"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "Perl-kompatible reguläre Ausdrücke verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "Zeilennummern anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "keine Dateinamen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "Dateinamen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "Dateinamen relativ zum Projektverzeichnis anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "nur Dateinamen anzeigen anstatt übereinstimmende Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "Synonym für --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "nur die Dateinamen ohne Übereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "NUL-Zeichen nach Dateinamen ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "anstatt der Zeilen, die Anzahl der übereinstimmenden Zeilen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "Übereinstimmungen hervorheben"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+"eine Leerzeile zwischen Übereinstimmungen in verschiedenen Dateien ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"den Dateinamen nur einmal oberhalb der Übereinstimmungen aus dieser Datei "
+"anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "<n> Zeilen vor und nach den Übereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "<n> Zeilen vor den Übereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "<n> Zeilen nach den Übereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "Kurzform für -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "eine Zeile mit dem Funktionsnamen vor Übereinstimmungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "die umgebende Funktion anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "Muster von einer Datei lesen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "<Muster> finden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "Muster kombinieren, die mit -e angegeben wurden"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:729
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "Übereinstimmungen nur durch Beendigungsstatus anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+"nur Übereinstimmungen von Dateien anzeigen, die allen Mustern entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "geparstes Verzeichnis für \"grep\"-Ausdruck anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "Anzeigeprogramm"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "Dateien mit Übereinstimmungen im Anzeigeprogramm anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "den Aufruf von grep(1) erlauben (von dieser Programmversion ignoriert)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "Verwendung anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:808
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "keine Muster angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --open-files-in-pager kann nur innerhalb des "
+"Arbeitsverzeichnisses verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:892
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --cached und --untracked können nicht mit --no-index verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --no-index und --untracked können nicht mit Commits verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:900
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --[no-]exclude-standard kann nicht mit versionierten Inhalten "
+"verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:908
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "Die Option --cached kann nicht mit \"Tree\"-Objekten verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <Art>] [-w] [--path=<Datei> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <Datei>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:83
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <Liste-von-Pfaden>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94 builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "Art"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "Art des Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:95
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "das Objekt in die Objektdatenbank schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "das Objekt von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "Datei wie sie ist speichern, ohne Filter"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"Hash über zufällige Daten, zur Erzeugung von beschädigten Objekten zur\n"
+"Fehlersuche in Git, erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:101
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "Datei verarbeiten, als ob sie von diesem Pfad wäre"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "alle vorhandenen Kommandos anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "Liste von allgemein verwendeten Anleitungen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "Handbuch anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "Handbuch in einem Webbrowser anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "Info-Seite anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<Kommando>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "nicht erkanntes Hilfeformat: %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Konnte emacsclient nicht starten."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Konnte Version des emacsclient nicht parsen."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "Version des emacsclient '%d' ist zu alt (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:158 builtin/help.c:167 builtin/help.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von '%s': %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': Pfad für nicht unterstützten Handbuchbetrachter.\n"
+"Sie könnten stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.cmd' benutzen."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': Kommando für unterstützten Handbuchbetrachter.\n"
+"Sie könnten stattdessen 'man.<Werkzeug>.path' benutzen."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s': unbekannter Handbuch-Betrachter."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:371
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "kein Handbuch-Betrachter konnte mit dieser Anfrage umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:379
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "kein Informations-Betrachter konnte mit dieser Anfrage umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definition von Attributen pro Pfad"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:429
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Tägliche Benutzung von Git mit ungefähr 20 Kommandos"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:430
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Ein Git-Glossar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:431
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Spezifikation von bewusst ignorierten, unversionierten Dateien"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Definition von Submodul-Eigenschaften"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:433
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Spezifikation von Commits und Bereichen für Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:434
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Eine einführende Anleitung zu Git (für Version 1.5.1 oder neuer)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:435
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Eine Übersicht über empfohlene Arbeitsabläufe mit Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:447
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Die allgemein verwendeten Git-Anleitungen sind:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:468 builtin/help.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "Verwendung: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "für `git %s' wurde der Alias `%s' angelegt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "kann %s nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "Objekt-Typen passen bei %s nicht zusammen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "konnte erwartetes Objekt %s nicht empfangen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "Objekt %s: erwarteter Typ %s, %s gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "kann %d Byte nicht lesen"
+msgstr[1] "kann %d Bytes nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:275
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "zu frühes Dateiende"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:276
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen der Eingabe"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:288
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "verwendete mehr Bytes als verfügbar waren"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "Paket ist zu groß für die aktuelle Definition von off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann Paketdatei '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:330
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "Paketsignatur stimmt nicht überein"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "Paketversion %<PRIu32> nicht unterstützt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "Paket hat ein ungültiges Objekt bei Versatz %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "Dekomprimierung gab %d zurück"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:520
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "Wert für Versatz bei Differenzobjekt übergelaufen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:528
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr ""
+"Wert für Versatz bei Differenzobjekt liegt außerhalb des gültigen Bereichs"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Objekt-Typ %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:567
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "Kann Paketdatei %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "frühzeitiges Ende der Paketdatei, vermisse %lu Byte"
+msgstr[1] "frühzeitiges Ende der Paketdatei, vermisse %lu Bytes"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:595
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "ernsthafte Inkonsistenz nach Dekomprimierung"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:686 builtin/index-pack.c:692 builtin/index-pack.c:715
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "SHA1 KOLLISION MIT %s GEFUNDEN !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:689 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "kann %s nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "Kann existierendes Objekt %s nicht lesen."
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "ungültiges Blob-Objekt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:783
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Typ %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:787
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Fehler in Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Nicht alle Kind-Objekte von %s sind erreichbar"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:861 builtin/index-pack.c:890
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "Konnte Dateiunterschied nicht anwenden"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Empfange Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Indiziere Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1081
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "Paket ist beschädigt (SHA1 unterschiedlich)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1086
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "kann Paketdatei nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1089
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "Paketende enthält nicht verwendbaren Inhalt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1100
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Ausführen von \"parse_pack_objects()\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1123
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Löse Unterschiede auf"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1133
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "kann Thread nicht erzeugen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1175
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Auflösen der Unterschiede"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "abgeschlossen mit %d lokalen Objekten"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Unerwartete Prüfsumme für %s (Festplattenfehler?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1195
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "Paket hat %d unaufgelöste Unterschied"
+msgstr[1] "Paket hat %d unaufgelöste Unterschiede"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "Konnte angehängtes Objekt (%d) nicht komprimieren"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "lokales Objekt %s ist beschädigt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1322
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Schließen der Paketdatei"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann Paketbeschreibungsdatei '%s' nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1343
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann eben erstellte Paketbeschreibungsdatei '%s' nicht schließen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1356
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "Kann Paketdatei nicht speichern"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "Kann Indexdatei nicht speichern"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "\"pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>\" ist ungültig"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "ungültige Anzahl von Threads angegeben (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1410 builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "keine Unterstützung von Threads, '%s' wird ignoriert"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann existierende Paketdatei '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann existierende Indexdatei für Paket '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "kein Unterschied: %d Objekt"
+msgstr[1] "kein Unterschied: %d Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "Länge der Objekt-Liste = %d: %lu Objekt"
+msgstr[1] "Länge der Objekt-Liste = %d: %lu Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1553
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Kann nicht zurück zu Arbeitsverzeichnis wechseln"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1601 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1616 builtin/index-pack.c:1620
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "%s ist ungültig"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1634
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "Die Option --fix-thin kann nicht ohne --stdin verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638 builtin/index-pack.c:1647
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "Name der Paketdatei '%s' endet nicht mit '.pack'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1655
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "Die Option --verify wurde ohne Namen der Paketdatei angegeben."
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Konnte Gruppenschreibrecht für %s nicht setzen."
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr "zu langer Vorlagen-Name %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Vorlage '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Verzeichnis '%s' nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "kann Verweis '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr "zu lange symbolische Verknüpfung %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "kann symbolische Verknüpfung '%s' auf '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "kann '%s' nicht nach '%s' kopieren"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "ignoriere Vorlage %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr "zu langer Vorlagen-Pfad %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "keine Vorlagen in '%s' gefunden"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr "kopiere keine Vorlagen mit einer falschen Formatversion %d von '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr "ungültiges Git-Verzeichnis %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:331 builtin/init-db.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s existiert bereits"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "kann nicht mit Dateityp %d umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht nach %s verschieben"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:426
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s Git-Repository in %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Reinitialisierte existierendes"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Initialisierte leeres"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:428
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " gemeinsames"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<Vorlagenverzeichnis>] [--"
+"shared[=<Berechtigungen>]] [<Verzeichnis>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:498
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "Berechtigungen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:499
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "angeben, dass das Git-Repository mit mehreren Benutzern geteilt wird"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:501 builtin/prune-packed.c:57 builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533 builtin/init-db.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "kann Verzeichnis %s nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "kann nicht in Verzeichnis %s wechseln"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:563
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (oder --work-tree=<Verzeichnis>) nicht erlaubt ohne Spezifizierung von %s "
+"(oder --git-dir=<Verzeichnis>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Kann nicht auf Arbeitsverzeichnis '%s' zugreifen."
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] "
+"[<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <Token>[(=|:)<Wert>])...] "
+"[<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:25
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "kürzt leere Anhänge"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "Anhang"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "Anhang/Anhänge hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<Optionen>] [<Commitbereich>] [[--] <Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<Optionen>] <Objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültige Option für --decorate: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "Ausgabe der Unterschiede unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "Quelle anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:129
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "\"mailmap\"-Datei verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:130
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "decorate-Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:133
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Verarbeitet nur Zeilen im Bereich n,m in der Datei, gezählt von 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "letzte Ausgabe: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: ungültige Datei"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:472 builtin/log.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Kann Objekt %s nicht lesen."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Typ: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:689
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers ohne Wert"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:773
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "Name des Ausgabeverzeichnisses ist zu lang."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Kann Patch-Datei %s nicht öffnen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:803
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Brauche genau einen Commit-Bereich."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:811
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Kein Commit-Bereich."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:919
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "Anschreiben benötigt E-Mail-Format"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "ungültiges in-reply-to: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1026
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<Optionen>] [<seit> | <Commitbereich>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1071
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Zwei Ausgabeverzeichnisse?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "[PATCH n/m] auch mit einzelnem Patch verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "[PATCH] auch mit mehreren Patches verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "Ausgabe der Patches in Standard-Ausgabe"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1195
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "ein Deckblatt erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "einfache Nummernfolge für die Namen der Ausgabedateien verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "Dateiendung"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "<Dateiendung> anstatt '.patch' verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1201
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "die Nummerierung der Patches bei <n> anstatt bei 1 beginnen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "die Serie als n-te Fassung kennzeichnen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "[<Präfix>] anstatt [PATCH] verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "erzeugte Dateien in <Verzeichnis> speichern"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "[PATCH] nicht entfernen/hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "keine binären Unterschiede ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Patches einschließen, die einem Commit im Upstream-Branch entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1218
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "Patchformat anstatt des Standards anzeigen (Patch + Zusammenfassung)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "E-Mail-Einstellungen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "Header"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "E-Mail-Header hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223 builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "E-Mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "\"To:\"-Header hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "\"Cc:\"-Header hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1227
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "Ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1228
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"\"From\"-Adresse auf <Ident> setzen (oder Ident des Commit-Erstellers, wenn "
+"fehlend)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1230
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "message-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "aus erster E-Mail eine Antwort zu <message-id> machen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232 builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "Grenze"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "den Patch anhängen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "den Patch direkt in die Nachricht einfügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1240
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "Nachrichtenverkettung aktivieren, Stile: shallow, deep"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1242
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "Signatur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1243
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "eine Signatur hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1245
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "eine Signatur aus einer Datei hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1246
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "keine Dateinamen der Patches anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültige Identifikationszeile: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1335
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "Die Optionen -n und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1337
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "Die Optionen --subject-prefix und -k schließen sich gegenseitig aus."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1345
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "Die Option --name-only kann nicht verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1347
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "Die Option --name-status kann nicht verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1349
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "Die Option --check kann nicht verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1372
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "Standard-Ausgabe oder Verzeichnis, welches von beidem?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1374
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Verzeichnis '%s' nicht erstellen."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1472
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Signatur-Datei '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1535
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Erstellen der Ausgabedateien."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1583
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<Upstream> [<Branch> [<Limit>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1638
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte gefolgten Remote-Branch nicht finden, bitte geben Sie <Upstream> "
+"manuell an.\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1651 builtin/log.c:1653 builtin/log.c:1665
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Unbekannter Commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:358
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<Optionen>] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:415
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "den Dateistatus mit Tags anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:417
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+"Kleinbuchstaben für Dateien mit 'assume unchanged' Markierung verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:419
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "zwischengespeicherte Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:421
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "entfernte Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:423
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "geänderte Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "sonstige Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "ignorierte Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:430
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr ""
+"Objektnamen von Inhalten, die zum Commit vorgemerkt sind, in der Ausgabe "
+"anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:432
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "Dateien im Dateisystem, die gelöscht werden müssen, anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:434
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "nur Namen von 'sonstigen' Verzeichnissen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "keine leeren Verzeichnisse anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:440
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "nicht zusammengeführte Dateien in der Ausgabe anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "'resolve-undo' Informationen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "Dateien auslassen, die einem Muster entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:447
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "Muster, gelesen von <Datei>, ausschließen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "zusätzliche pro-Verzeichnis Auschlussmuster aus <Datei> auslesen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:452
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "die standardmäßigen Git-Ausschlüsse hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "Ausgabe relativ zum Projektverzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:458
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr ""
+"als Fehler behandeln, wenn sich eine <Datei> nicht in der Staging-Area "
+"befindet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "Commit-Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"vorgeben, dass Pfade, die seit <Commit-Referenz> gelöscht wurden, immer noch "
+"vorhanden sind"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "Ausgaben zur Fehlersuche anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<Optionen>] <Commit-Referenz> [<Pfad>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "nur Verzeichnisse anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "Rekursion in Unterverzeichnissen durchführen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:131
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "Verzeichnisse bei Rekursion anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "Einträge mit NUL-Byte abschließen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "Objektgröße einschließen"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:137 builtin/ls-tree.c:139
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "nur Dateinamen auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "vollständige Pfadnamen verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:144
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"das gesamte Verzeichnis auflisten; nicht nur das aktuelle Verzeichnis "
+"(impliziert --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<Optionen>] [<Commit>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<Optionen>] <Beschreibung> HEAD <Commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:100
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "Schalter 'm' erfordert einen Wert."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Konnte Merge-Strategie '%s' nicht finden.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Verfügbare Strategien sind:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Verfügbare benutzerdefinierte Strategien sind:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:193
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "keine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss des Merges anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "eine Zusammenfassung der Unterschiede am Schluss des Merges anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(Synonym für --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:199
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"(höchstens <n>) Einträge von \"shortlog\" zur Beschreibung des Merge-Commits "
+"hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "einen einzelnen Commit anstatt eines Merges erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "einen Commit durchführen, wenn der Merge erfolgreich war (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "Bearbeitung der Beschreibung vor dem Commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "Vorspulen erlauben (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "abbrechen, wenn kein Vorspulen möglich ist"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "den genannten Commit auf eine gültige GPG-Signatur überprüfen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214 builtin/notes.c:753 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "zu verwendende Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "Option=Wert"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "Option für ausgewählte Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+"Commit-Beschreibung zusammenführen (für einen Merge, der kein Vorspulen war)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:223
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "den sich im Gange befindlichen Merge abbrechen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:251
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "Konnte \"stash\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:256
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "\"stash\" fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "kein gültiges Objekt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:280 builtin/merge.c:297
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:327
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (nichts zu quetschen)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Quetsche Commit -- HEAD wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:372
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Schreibe SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:374
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Schließe SQUASH_MSG ab"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Keine Merge-Commit-Beschreibung -- HEAD wird nicht aktualisiert\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:447
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' zeigt auf keinen Commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:559
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Ungültiger branch.%s.mergeoptions String: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:654
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "\"git write-tree\" schlug beim Schreiben eines \"Tree\"-Objektes fehl"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:678
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Es wird nur der Merge von zwei Branches behandelt."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:692
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Unbekannte Option für merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:705
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "konnte %s nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte nicht von '%s' lesen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Merge wurde nicht committet; benutzen Sie 'git commit', um den Merge "
+"abzuschließen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte geben Sie eine Commit-Beschreibung ein, um zu erklären, warum dieser\n"
+"Merge erforderlich ist, insbesondere wenn es einen aktualisierten\n"
+"Upstream-Branch mit einem Thema-Branch zusammenführt.\n"
+"\n"
+"Zeilen beginnend mit '%c' werden ignoriert, und eine leere Beschreibung\n"
+"bricht den Commit ab.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:833
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Leere Commit-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Wunderbar.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Automatischer Merge fehlgeschlagen; beheben Sie die Konflikte und committen "
+"Sie dann das Ergebnis.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein Commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:957
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Sie befinden sich auf keinem Branch."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:959
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Repository für den aktuellen Branch."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Es ist kein Standard-Upstream-Branch für den aktuellen Branch definiert."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:966
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Kein Remote-Tracking-Branch für %s von %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1122
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Es gibt keinen Merge zum Abbrechen (MERGE_HEAD fehlt)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1138
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben Ihren Merge nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte committen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie \"merge\" ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Sie haben Ihren Merge nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte committen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie \"merge\" ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben \"cherry-pick\" nicht abgeschlossen (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existiert)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Sie können --squash nicht mit --no-ff kombinieren."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Kein Commit angegeben und merge.defaultToUpstream ist nicht gesetzt."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1198
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Kann nur exakt einen Commit in einem leeren Branch zusammenführen."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1201
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr ""
+"Bin auf einem Commit, der noch geboren wird; kann \"squash\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1203
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Nicht vorzuspulender Commit kann nicht in einem leeren Branch verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - nichts was wir zusammenführen können"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Commit %s hat eine nicht vertrauenswürdige GPG-Signatur, angeblich von %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Commit %s hat eine ungültige GPG-Signatur, angeblich von %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Commit %s hat keine GPG-Signatur."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Commit %s hat eine gültige GPG-Signatur von %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1349
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Aktualisiere %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1388
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Probiere wirklich trivialen \"in-index\"-Merge ...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Nein.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1427
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Vorspulen nicht möglich, breche ab."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1450 builtin/merge.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Rücklauf des Verzeichnisses bis zum Ursprung ...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1454
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Probiere Merge-Strategie %s ...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1520
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Keine Merge-Strategie behandelt diesen Merge.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Merge mit Strategie %s fehlgeschlagen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Benutzen Sie \"%s\", um die Auflösung per Hand vorzubereiten.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Automatischer Merge abgeschlossen; halte, wie gewünscht, vor dem Commit an\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <Commit> <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <Commit> <Commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <Referenz> [<Commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "Ausgabe aller gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commits"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "Vorgänger-Commits für einen einzelnen n-Wege-Merge finden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "Commits auflisten, die nicht durch Andere erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "ist der Erste ein Vorgänger-Commit von dem Anderen?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "<Commit> finden, von wo Reflog von <Referenz> abgespalten wurde"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<Optionen>] [-L <Name1> [-L <orig> [-L <Name2>]]] <Datei1> "
+"<orig-Datei> <Datei2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "Ergebnisse zur Standard-Ausgabe senden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "einen diff3 basierten Merge verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "bei Konflikten unsere Variante verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "bei Konflikten ihre Variante verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "bei Konflikten eine gemeinsame Variante verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "bei Konflikten diese Kennzeichnungslänge verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "keine Warnung bei Konflikten"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "Beschriftung für Datei1/orig-Datei/Datei2 setzen"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:64
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:150
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "Eingabe ist durch NUL-Zeichen abgeschlossen"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:151 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "fehlende Objekte erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "die Erstellung von mehr als einem \"Tree\"-Objekt erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<Optionen>] <Quelle>... <Ziel>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis %s ist zum Commit vorgemerkt und kein Submodul?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:71
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte merken Sie Ihre Änderungen in .gitmodules zum Commit vor oder "
+"benutzen\n"
+"Sie \"stash\", um fortzufahren."
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s ist zum Commit vorgemerkt"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:111
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "Verschieben/Umbenennen erzwingen, auch wenn das Ziel existiert"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Verschieben oder Umbenennen überspringen"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "Ziel '%s' ist kein Verzeichnis"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Prüfe Umbenennung von '%s' nach '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:166
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "ungültige Quelle"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:169
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "kann Verzeichnis nicht in sich selbst verschieben"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:172
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "kann Verzeichnis nicht über Datei verschieben"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "Quellverzeichnis ist leer"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:206
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "nicht unter Versionskontrolle"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:209
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "Ziel existiert bereits"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "überschreibe '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:220
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Kann nicht überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:223
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "mehrere Quellen für das selbe Ziel"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:225
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "Zielverzeichnis existiert nicht"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, Quelle=%s, Ziel=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Benenne %s nach %s um\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:256 builtin/remote.c:728 builtin/repack.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Umbenennung von '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:255
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<Optionen>] <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:256
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<Optionen>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:257
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<Optionen>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:309
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "nur Namen anzeigen (keine SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:310
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "nur Tags verwenden, um die Commits zu benennen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "nur Referenzen verwenden die <Muster> entsprechen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "alle Commits auflisten, die von allen Referenzen erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "Ausgabe von `undefinierten` Namen erlauben (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "Tags in der Eingabe dereferenzieren (interne Verwendung)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] [list [<Objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m "
+"<Beschreibung> | -F <Datei> | (-c | -C) <Objekt>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] copy [-f] <von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <Beschreibung> "
+"| -F <Datei> | (-c | -C) <Objekt>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] edit [--allow-empty] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] show [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <Strategie>] <Notiz-"
+"Referenz>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] remove [<Objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <Notiz-Referenz>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<Objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<Optionen>] <von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<von-Objekt> <nach-Objekt>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<Optionen>] [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<Optionen>] <Notiz-Referenz>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<Objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte 'show' für Objekt '%s' nicht starten"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:150
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "Konnte Ausgabe von 'show' nicht lesen."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte 'show' für Objekt '%s' nicht abschließen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:173 builtin/tag.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte Datei '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:192
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte liefern Sie den Notiz-Inhalt unter Verwendung der Option -m oder -F."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:201
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "Konnte Notiz-Objekt nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Die Notiz-Inhalte wurden in %s belassen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:231 builtin/tag.c:693
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "kann '%s' nicht lesen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:233 builtin/tag.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "konnte '%s' nicht öffnen oder lesen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/notes.c:303 builtin/notes.c:305
+#: builtin/notes.c:365 builtin/notes.c:420 builtin/notes.c:506
+#: builtin/notes.c:511 builtin/notes.c:589 builtin/notes.c:652
+#: builtin/notes.c:854 builtin/tag.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültige Referenz auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Lesen des Objektes '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "Kann Notiz-Daten nicht von Nicht-Blob Objekt '%s' lesen."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Fehlerhafte Eingabezeile: '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Kopieren der Notizen von '%s' nach '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:358 builtin/notes.c:413 builtin/notes.c:489
+#: builtin/notes.c:501 builtin/notes.c:577 builtin/notes.c:645
+#: builtin/notes.c:919
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "zu viele Parameter"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Keine Notiz für Objekt %s gefunden."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:392 builtin/notes.c:555
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "Notizinhalte als Zeichenkette"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:395 builtin/notes.c:558
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "Notizinhalte in einer Datei"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:397 builtin/notes.c:400 builtin/notes.c:560
+#: builtin/notes.c:563 builtin/tag.c:628
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "Wiederverwendung und Bearbeitung des angegebenen Notiz-Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:401 builtin/notes.c:564
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "Wiederverwendung des angegebenen Notiz-Objektes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:567
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "Speichern leerer Notiz erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:476
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "existierende Notizen ersetzen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:430
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Notizen nicht hinzufügen. Existierende Notizen für Objekt %s "
+"gefunden. Verwenden Sie '-f', um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:524
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Überschreibe existierende Notizen für Objekt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:617 builtin/notes.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Entferne Notiz für Objekt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:477
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "Objekte von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:479
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"Konfiguration für <Kommando> beim Umschreiben von Versionen laden "
+"(impliziert --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:497
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "zu wenig Parameter"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Kann Notizen nicht kopieren. Existierende Notizen für Objekt %s gefunden. "
+"Verwenden Sie '-f', um die existierenden Notizen zu überschreiben."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Keine Notizen für Quell-Objekt %s. Kopie nicht möglich."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen -m/-F/-c/-C sind für das Unterkommando 'edit' veraltet.\n"
+"Bitte benutzen Sie stattdessen 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:750
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Allgemeine Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:752
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Merge-Optionen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:754
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"löst Konflikte bei Notizen mit der angegebenen Strategie auf (manual/ours/"
+"theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:756
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "nicht zusammengeführte Notizen eintragen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:758
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Merge von Notizen abschließen, in dem nicht zusammengeführte Notizen "
+"committet werden"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:760
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Konfliktauflösung beim Merge von Notizen abbrechen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:762
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "Merge von Notizen abbrechen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "Objekt %s hat keine Notiz\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "der Versuch, eine nicht existierende Notiz zu löschen, ist kein Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:872
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "Objektnamen von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:953
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "Notiz-Referenz"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:954
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "Notizen von <Notiz-Referenz> verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:989 builtin/remote.c:1621
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Unbekanntes Unterkommando: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [Optionen...] [< Referenzliste | < Objektliste]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [Optionen...] Basis-Name [< Referenzliste | < Objektliste]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Komprimieren (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:771
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Schreibe Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1013
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+"Deaktiviere Schreiben des Bitmap-Index, da einige Objekte nicht in\n"
+"eine Pack-Datei geschrieben wurden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2173
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Komprimiere Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2570
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Staging-Area-Version %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2574
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültige Staging-Area-Version '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "Option %s akzeptiert keine negative Form"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr "konnte Wert '%s' für Option %s nicht parsen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "keine Fortschrittsanzeige anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "Fortschrittsanzeige anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr ""
+"Forschrittsanzeige während der Phase des Schreibens der Objekte anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2628
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "ähnlich zu --all-progress wenn Fortschrittsanzeige darstellt wird"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "version[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2630
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"die Index-Datei des Paketes in der angegebenen Indexformat-Version schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "maximale Größe für jede ausgegebene Paketdatei"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2635
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "geliehene Objekte von alternativem Objektspeicher ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2637
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "gepackte Objekte ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "Paketfenster durch Objekte begrenzen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2641
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+"Paketfenster, zusätzlich zur Objektbegrenzung, durch Speicher begrenzen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2643
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+"maximale Länge der erlaubten Differenzverkettung im resultierenden Paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "existierende Unterschiede wiederverwenden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "existierende Objekte wiederverwenden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "OFS_DELTA Objekte verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+"Threads bei der Suche nach den besten Übereinstimmungen bei Unterschieden "
+"verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2653
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "keine leeren Pakete erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2655
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "Argumente bezüglich Commits von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2657
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "die Objekte zu solchen, die noch nicht gepackt wurden, begrenzen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "Objekte einschließen, die von jeder Referenz erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2663
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr ""
+"Objekte einschließen, die von Einträgen des Reflogs referenziert werden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "Objekte einschließen, die von der Staging-Area referenziert werden"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2669
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "Paket in die Standard-Ausgabe schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2671
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "Tag-Objekte einschließen, die auf gepackte Objekte referenzieren"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2673
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "nicht erreichbare Objekte behalten"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2674 parse-options.h:140
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "Zeit"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2675
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "nicht erreichbare Objekte entpacken, die neuer als <Zeit> sind"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2678
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "dünnere Pakete erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2680
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr ""
+"Pakete geeignet für Abholung mit unvollständiger Historie (shallow) erzeugen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2682
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "Pakete ignorieren, die .keep Dateien haben"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2684
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "Komprimierungsgrad für Paketierung"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2686
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "keine künstlichen Vorgänger-Commits (\"grafts\") verbergen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2688
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitmap-Index (falls verfügbar) zur Optimierung der Objektzählung benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2690
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "Bitmap-Index zusammen mit Pack-Index schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2781
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Zähle Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "alles packen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "lose Referenzen entfernen (Standard)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Lösche doppelte Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <Zeit>] [--] [<head>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "nicht löschen, nur anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "gelöschte Objekte melden"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:110
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "Objekte älter als <Zeit> verfallen lassen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<Optionen>] [<Repository> [<Refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:85
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "Kurzschrift für Tag ohne <Tag>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:95
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete akzeptiert nur reine Referenznamen als Ziel."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Um eine Variante permanent zu verwenden, siehe push.default in 'git help "
+"config'."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:142
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Der Name des Upstream-Branches stimmt nicht mit dem Namen Ihres\n"
+"aktuellen Branches überein. Um auf den Upstream-Branch in dem Remote-\n"
+"Repository zu versenden, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"Um auf den Branch mit dem selben Namen im Remote-Repository zu versenden,\n"
+"benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie befinden sich im Moment auf keinem Branch.\n"
+"Um die Historie, führend zum aktuellen (losgelöster HEAD)\n"
+"Status zu versenden, benutzen Sie\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<Name-des-Remote-Branches>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Der aktuelle Branch %s hat keinen Upstream-Branch.\n"
+"Um den aktuellen Branch zu versenden und den Remote-Branch\n"
+"als Upstream-Branch zu setzen, benutzen Sie\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr ""
+"Der aktuelle Branch %s hat mehrere Upstream-Branches, \"push\" verweigert."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie versenden nach '%s', welches kein Upstream-Repository Ihres aktuellen\n"
+"Branches '%s' ist, ohne anzugeben, was versendet werden soll, um welchen\n"
+"Remote-Branch zu aktualisieren."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:205
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+"to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+"\n"
+"Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+"behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+"remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"'push.default' ist nicht gesetzt; der implizit gesetzte Wert\n"
+"wurde in Git 2.0 von 'matching' nach 'simple' geändert. Um diese Meldung zu\n"
+"unterdrücken und das aktuelle Verhalten nach Änderung des Standardwertes\n"
+"beizubehalten, benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"Um diese Meldung zu unterdrücken und das neue Verhalten jetzt zu übernehmen, "
+"benutzen Sie:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"Wenn 'push.default' auf den Wert 'matching' gesetzt ist, werden lokale\n"
+"Branches zu den Remote-Branches mit den selben Namen versendet.\n"
+"\n"
+"In Git 2.0 wurde das Standardverhalten zu 'simple' geändert. Hierbei wird\n"
+"der aktuelle Branch zu dem entsprechenden Remote-Branch versendet, den\n"
+"'git pull' zur Aktualisierung des aktuellen Branches verwendet.\n"
+"\n"
+"Führen Sie 'git help config' aus und suchen Sie nach 'push.default' für\n"
+"weitere Informationen.\n"
+"(Der Modus 'simple' wurde in Git 1.7.11 eingeführt. Benutzen Sie den "
+"ähnlichen\n"
+"Modus 'current' anstatt 'simple', falls Sie gelegentlich ältere Versionen "
+"von\n"
+"Git benutzen.)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:272
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben keine Refspec für \"push\" angegeben, und push.default ist "
+"\"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:279
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze Ihres aktuellen\n"
+"Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Führen Sie\n"
+"die externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull ...') bevor Sie \"push\"\n"
+"erneut ausführen.\n"
+"Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
+"für weitere Details."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze eines versendeten\n"
+"Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Checken Sie\n"
+"diesen Branch aus und führen Sie die externen Änderungen zusammen\n"
+"(z.B. 'git pull ...') bevor Sie erneut \"push\" ausführen.\n"
+"Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
+"für weitere Details."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil das Remote-Repository Commits "
+"enthält,\n"
+"die lokal nicht vorhanden sind. Das wird üblicherweise durch einen \"push\" "
+"von\n"
+"Commits auf dieselbe Referenz von einem anderen Repository aus verursacht.\n"
+"Vielleicht müssen Sie die externen Änderungen zusammenzuführen (z.B. 'git "
+"pull ...')\n"
+"bevor Sie erneut \"push\" ausführen.\n"
+"Siehe auch die Sektion 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help'\n"
+"für weitere Details."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:298
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil das Tag bereits\n"
+"im Remote-Repository existiert."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:301
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie können keine Remote-Referenz aktualisieren, die auf ein Objekt zeigt,\n"
+"das kein Commit ist, oder es auf ein solches Objekt zeigen lassen, ohne\n"
+"die Option '--force' zu verwenden.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Versende nach %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Versenden einiger Referenzen nach '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:394
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "ungültiges Repository '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:395
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Kein Ziel für \"push\" konfiguriert.\n"
+"Entweder spezifizieren Sie die URL von der Kommandozeile oder konfigurieren "
+"ein Remote-Repository unter Benutzung von\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <Name> <URL>\n"
+"\n"
+"und führen \"push\" dann unter Benutzung dieses Namens aus\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <Name>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:410
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --all und --tags sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:411
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "Die Option --all kann nicht mit Refspecs kombiniert werden."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:416
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --mirror und --tags sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:417
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "Die Option --mirror kann nicht mit Refspecs kombiniert werden."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:422
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "Die Optionen --all und --mirror sind inkompatibel."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:502
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "Repository"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:503
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "alle Referenzen versenden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:504
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "alle Referenzen spiegeln"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "Referenzen löschen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "Tags versenden (kann nicht mit --all oder --mirror verwendet werden)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung erzwingen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:512
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "Referenzname>:<Erwartungswert"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "Referenz muss sich auf dem angegebenen Wert befinden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "rekursiven \"push\" von Submodulen steuern"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:518
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "kleinere Pakete verwenden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519 builtin/push.c:520
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "'receive pack' Programm"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "Upstream für \"git pull/status\" setzen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "lokal gelöschte Referenzen entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:526
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "\"pre-push hook\" umgehen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "fehlende, aber relevante Tags versenden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "signiert \"push\" mit GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "Referenzen atomar versenden"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:539
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete ist inkompatibel mit --all, --mirror und --tags."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:541
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "Die Option --delete kann nur mit Referenzen verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<Präfix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<Datei>] (--empty | <Commit-Referenz1> [<Commit-Referenz2> "
+"[<Commit-Referenz3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "resultierende Staging-Area nach <Datei> schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "die Staging-Area leeren"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Merge"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "einen Merge, zusätzlich zum Lesen, ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "3-Wege-Merge, wenn kein Merge auf Dateiebene erforderlich ist"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "3-Wege-Merge bei Vorhandensein von hinzugefügten/entfernten Zeilen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "genau wie -m, aber nicht zusammengeführte Einträge verwerfen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<Unterverzeichnis>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "das Verzeichnis in die Staging-Area unter <Unterverzeichnis>/ lesen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "Arbeitsverzeichnis mit dem Ergebnis des Merges aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "explizit ignorierte Dateien zu überschreiben erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "das Arbeitsverzeichnis nach dem Merge nicht prüfen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "weder die Staging-Area, noch das Arbeitsverzeichnis aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "Anwendung des Filters für spärliches Auschecken überspringen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "Entpacken der Bäume protokollieren"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' für '%s' ist kein gültiger Zeitstempel"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:546 builtin/reflog.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Zeitstempel"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <Branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:33
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <alt> <neu>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:38
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:43
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <Branch>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<Gruppe> | <Remote>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <Name> <Branch>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <Name> <neueURL> [<alteURL>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <Name> <neueURL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:71
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:28
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<Optionen>] <Name> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <Name> <Branch>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <Name> <Branch>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:54
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<Optionen>] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:59
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<Optionen>] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:64
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<Optionen>] [<Gruppe> | <externesRepository>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Aktualisiere %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:120
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror ist gefährlich und veraltet; bitte\n"
+"\t benutzen Sie stattdessen --mirror=fetch oder --mirror=push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "unbekanntes Argument für Option --mirror: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:153
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "die Remote-Branches anfordern"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:155
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "alle Tags und verbundene Objekte beim Anfordern importieren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:158
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "oder fordere gar keine Zweige an (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:160
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "Branch(es) zur Übernahme"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "Hauptbranch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:162
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+"Aufsetzen des Remote-Repositories als Spiegel-Repository für \"push\" und "
+"\"fetch\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:175
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Option --mirror kann nicht mit der Angabe eines Hauptbranches verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:177
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Angabe von zu folgenden Branches kann nur mit dem Anfordern von "
+"Spiegelarchiven verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187 builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "externes Repository %s existiert bereits"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:191 builtin/remote.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Name für ein Remote-Repository"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:235
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte symbolische Referenz für Hauptbranch von '%s' nicht einrichten"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Fetch-Map für Refspec %s nicht bekommen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:436 builtin/remote.c:444
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(übereinstimmend)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(lösche)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:592 builtin/remote.c:598 builtin/remote.c:604
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht an '%s' anhängen."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:636 builtin/remote.c:795 builtin/remote.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Kein solches Remote-Repository: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Sektion '%s' in Konfiguration nicht nach '%s' umbenennen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:659 builtin/remote.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Sektion '%s' nicht aus Konfiguration entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Keine Aktualisierung der nicht standardmäßigen Refspec für \"fetch\"\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tBitte aktualisieren Sie, falls notwendig, die Konfiguration manuell."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht anhängen."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:691
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht setzen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:713
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht löschen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht erstellen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Konnte Branch %s nicht löschen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:833
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Hinweis: Ein Branch außerhalb der refs/remotes/ Hierachie wurde nicht "
+"gelöscht;\n"
+"um diesen zu löschen, benutzen Sie:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Hinweis: Einige Branches außer der refs/remotes/ Hierarchie wurden nicht "
+"entfernt;\n"
+"um diese zu entfernen, benutzen Sie:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " neu (wird bei nächstem \"fetch\" in remotes/%s gespeichert)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:951
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " gefolgt"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:953
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " veraltet (benutzen Sie 'git remote prune' zum Löschen)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:955
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "ungültiges branch.%s.merge; kann Rebase nicht auf > 1 Branch ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "Rebase auf Remote-Branch %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1006
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " führt mit Remote-Branch %s zusammen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1007
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    und mit Remote-Branch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "führt mit Remote-Branch %s zusammen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1010
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   und mit Remote-Branch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1056
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "erstellt"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1059
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "gelöscht"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1063
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "aktuell"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1066
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "vorspulbar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1069
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "lokal nicht aktuell"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1076
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s erzwingt Versandt nach %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1079
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s versendet nach %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s erzwingt Versand nach %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s versendet nach %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "keine Abfrage von Remote-Repositories"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* Remote-Repository %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL zum Abholen: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1183 builtin/remote.c:1334
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(keine URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1192 builtin/remote.c:1194
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL zum Versenden: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1196 builtin/remote.c:1198 builtin/remote.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Hauptbranch: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1202
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Hauptbranch (externer HEAD ist mehrdeutig, könnte einer der folgenden "
+"sein):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Remote-Branch:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Remote-Branches:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1217 builtin/remote.c:1244
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (Zustand nicht abgefragt)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1226
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokaler Branch konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokale Branches konfiguriert für 'git pull':"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1234
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Lokale Referenzen werden von 'git push' gespiegelt"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1241
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokale Referenz konfiguriert für 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokale Referenzen konfiguriert für 'git push'%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1262
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "setzt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD gemäß dem Remote-Repository"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1264
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "entfernt refs/remotes/<Name>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1279
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Kann HEAD des Remote-Repositories nicht bestimmen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Mehrere Hauptbranches im Remote-Repository. Bitte wählen Sie explizit einen "
+"aus mit:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "keine gültige Referenz: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Konnte %s nicht einrichten"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1319
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s wird unreferenziert!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s wurde unreferenziert!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1330
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "entferne veraltete Branches von %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1331
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1354
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [würde veralteten Branch entfernen] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1357
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr "* [veralteten Branch entfernt] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1402
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "entferne veraltete Branches im Remote-Repository nach \"fetch\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1468 builtin/remote.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Kein solches Remote-Repository '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1488
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "Branch hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "kein Remote-Repository angegeben"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1517
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "URLs für \"push\" manipulieren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1519
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "URL hinzufügen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "URLs löschen"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1528
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --add und --delete können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "ungültiges altes URL Format: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1576
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Keine solche URL gefunden: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1578
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Werde keine URLs entfernen, die nicht für \"push\" bestimmt sind"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1592
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben; muss vor einem Unterkommando angegeben werden"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<Optionen>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "alles in eine einzige Pack-Datei packen"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "genau wie -a, unerreichbare Objekte werden aber nicht gelöscht"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "redundante Pakete entfernen und \"git-prune-packed\" ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "--no-reuse-delta an git-pack-objects übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "--no-reuse-object an git-pack-objects übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "git-update-server-info nicht ausführen"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "--local an git-pack-objects übergeben"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "Bitmap-Index schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "Datumsangabe"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "mit -A, keine Objekte älter als dieses Datum löschen"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "Größe des Fensters für die Delta-Kompression"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "Bytes"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+"gleiches wie oben, aber die Speichergröße anstatt der\n"
+"Anzahl der Einträge limitieren"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "die maximale Delta-Tiefe limitieren"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "maximale Größe für jede Paketdatei"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr ""
+"Objekte umpacken, die sich in mit .keep markierten Pack-Dateien befinden"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "Löschen von '%s' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <Objekt> <Ersetzung>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <Objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <Commit> [<Eltern-Commit>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <Objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<Format>] [-l [<Muster>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ungültiger Objekt-Name: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "ungültiger Merge-Tag in Commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Merge-Tag in Commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"Der ursprüngliche Commit '%s' enthält Merge-Tag '%s', der verworfen\n"
+"wird; benutzen Sie --edit anstatt --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "Der ursprüngliche Commit '%s' hat eine GPG-Signatur."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "Die Signatur wird in dem Ersetzungs-Commit entfernt!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Ersetzungs-Commit für '%s' nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "ersetzende Referenzen auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "ersetzende Referenzen löschen"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "existierendes Objekt bearbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "Eltern-Commits eines Commits ändern"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "die Referenz ersetzen, wenn sie existiert"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "keine ansprechende Anzeige des Objektinhaltes für --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "das angegebene Format benutzen"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clean | forget <Pfad>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "saubere Auflösungen in der Staging-Area registrieren"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<Commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <Commit-Referenz> [--] <Pfade>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<Commit-Referenz>] [--] [<Pfade>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "soft"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "hard"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "zusammenführen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "keep"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Sie haben keinen gültigen HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des \"Tree\"-Objektes von HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Fehler beim Finden des \"Tree\"-Objektes von %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD ist jetzt bei %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Kann keinen '%s'-Reset durchführen, während ein Merge im Gange ist."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben, meldet nur Fehler"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "HEAD und Staging-Area umsetzen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "nur HEAD umsetzen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "HEAD, Staging-Area und Arbeitsverzeichnis umsetzen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "HEAD umsetzen, aber lokale Änderungen behalten"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "nur speichern, dass gelöschte Pfade später hinzugefügt werden sollen"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültigen Commit auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:308 builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Konnte Objekt '%s' nicht parsen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Konnte '%s' nicht als gültiges \"Tree\"-Objekt auflösen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch ist inkompatibel mit --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed mit Pfaden ist veraltet; benutzen Sie stattdessen 'git reset -- "
+"<Pfade>'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Ein '%s'-Reset mit Pfaden ist nicht möglich."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "'%s'-Reset ist in einem Bare-Repository nicht erlaubt"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N kann nur mit -mixed benutzt werden"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Nicht zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen nach Zurücksetzung:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area-Datei nicht zu Commit '%s' setzen."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Konnte neue Staging-Area-Datei nicht schreiben."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:361
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<Optionen>] -- [<Argumente>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:366
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "`--` als Argument lassen"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "das Parsen nach dem ersten Argument, was keine Option ist, stoppen"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:371
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr ""
+"Ausgabe in Langform mit Argumenten an den Optionen (getrennt durch '=')"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<Optionen>] -- [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"   oder: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"   oder: git rev-parse [<Optionen>] [<Argumente>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Führen Sie \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" für weitere Informationen bei "
+"erster Verwendung aus."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<Optionen>] <Commit-Angabe>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <Unterkommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<Optionen>] <Commit-Angabe>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <Unterkommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s kann nicht mit %s verwendet werden"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "\"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf beenden"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "\"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf fortsetzen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "\"revert\" oder \"cherry-pick\" Ablauf abbrechen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "nicht automatisch committen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibung bearbeiten"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "Nummer des Elternteils"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "Option"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "Option für Merge-Strategie"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "Commit-Namen anhängen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "Vorspulen erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "ursprüngliche, leere Commits erhalten"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "Commits mit leerer Beschreibung erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "redundante, leere Commits behalten"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "Programmfehler"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "\"revert\" fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<Optionen>] [--] <Datei>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"das folgende Submodul (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon)\n"
+"benutzt ein .git-Verzeichnis:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"die folgenden Submodule (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon)\n"
+"benutzen ein .git-Verzeichnis:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses Submodul wirklich mitsamt\n"
+"seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"die folgende Datei hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen unterschiedlich\n"
+"zu der Datei und HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"die folgenden Dateien haben zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen "
+"unterschiedlich\n"
+"zu der Datei und HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie -f, um die Löschung zu erzwingen)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "die folgende Datei hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
+msgstr[1] "die folgenden Dateien haben zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(benutzen Sie --cached, um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f, um die Entfernung "
+"zu erzwingen)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "die folgende Datei hat lokale Änderungen:"
+msgstr[1] "die folgenden Dateien haben lokale Änderungen:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "keine gelöschten Dateien auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "nur aus der Staging-Area entfernen"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "die \"up-to-date\" Prüfung überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "rekursive Entfernung erlauben"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "mit Rückgabewert 0 beenden, wenn keine Übereinstimmung gefunden wurde"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Bitte merken Sie Ihre Änderungen in .gitmodules zum Commit vor oder "
+"benutzen\n"
+"Sie \"stash\", um fortzufahren."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "'%s' wird nicht ohne -r rekursiv entfernt"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: konnte %s nicht löschen"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<Optionen>] [<Commitbereich>] [[--] [<Pfad>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "fehlender Autor: %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "die Ausgabe entsprechend der Anzahl von Commits pro Autor sortieren"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibungen unterdrücken, nur Anzahl der Commits liefern"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "die E-Mail-Adresse von jedem Autor anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Ausgabe mit Zeilenumbrüchen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<Wann>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<Commit> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:13
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<Basis>]] [--list] [<Referenz>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "Remote-Tracking und lokale Branches anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "Remote-Tracking-Branches anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "'*!+-' entsprechend des Branches einfärben"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "<n> weitere Commits nach dem gemeinsamen Vorgänger-Commit anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "Synonym für more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "Namen unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "den aktuellen Branch einbeziehen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "Commits nach ihren Objektnamen benennen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "mögliche Merge-Basen anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr ""
+"Referenzen, die unerreichbar von allen anderen Referenzen sind, anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "Commits in topologischer Ordnung anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "nur Commits anzeigen, die sich nicht im ersten Branch befinden"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "Merges anzeigen, die nur von einem Branch aus erreichbar sind"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "topologische Sortierung, Beibehaltung Datumsordnung wo möglich"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:681
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<Basis>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:682
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "die <n> jüngsten Einträge im Reflog, beginnend an der Basis, anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<Muster>...] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=Muster] < ref-list"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "nur Tags anzeigen (kann mit \"heads\" kombiniert werden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "nur Branches anzeigen (kann mit \"tags\" kombiniert werden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "strengere Referenzprüfung, erfordert exakten Referenzpfad"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr ""
+"die HEAD-Referenz anzeigen, selbst wenn diese ausgefiltert werden würde"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "Tags in Objekt-Identifikationen dereferenzieren"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "nur SHA1 Hash mit <n> Ziffern anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"keine Ausgabe der Ergebnisse in die Standard-Ausgabe (nützlich mit --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Referenzen von der Standard-Eingabe anzeigen, die sich nicht im lokalen "
+"Repository befinden"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<Optionen>] <Name> [<Referenz>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <Name>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehlermeldungen für nicht-symbolische (losgelöste) Referenzen unterdrücken"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "symbolische Referenzen löschen"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "verkürzte Ausgabe der Referenzen"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "Grund"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "Grund für die Aktualisierung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <Schlüssel-id>] [-f] [-m <Beschreibung> | -F <Datei>] "
+"<Tagname> [<Commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <Tagname>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<Nummer>]] [--contains <Commit>] [--points-at <Objekt>]\n"
+"\t\t[<Muster>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <Tagname>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "fehlerhaftes Objekt bei '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:301
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "Tagname zu lang: %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "Tag '%s' nicht gefunden."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' gelöscht (war %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "Konnte Tag '%s' nicht verifizieren"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Geben Sie eine Beschreibung für Tag\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"ein. Zeilen, die mit '%c' beginnen, werden ignoriert.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Geben Sie eine Beschreibung für Tag\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"ein. Zeilen, die mit '%c' beginnen, werden behalten; Sie dürfen diese\n"
+"selbst entfernen wenn Sie möchten.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Angabe für \"--sort\" '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+msgstr "Nicht unterstützte Angabe für \"--sort\" '%s' in Variable '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:428
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "konnte Tag nicht signieren"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:430
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "konnte Tag-Datei nicht schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "ungültiger Objekt-Typ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "Tag-Kopf zu groß."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "keine Tag-Beschreibung?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:510
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Die Tag-Beschreibung wurde gelassen in %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "Option 'points-at' erfordert ein Objekt"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "fehlerhafter Objekt-Name '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:589
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "Tagnamen auflisten"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:591
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "<n> Zeilen jeder Tag-Beschreibung anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:593
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "Tags löschen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:594
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "Tags überprüfen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:596
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Erstellung von Tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:598
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "annotiertes Tag, benötigt eine Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:600
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "Tag-Beschreibung"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:602
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "annotiertes und GPG-signiertes Tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:606
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "einen anderen Schlüssel verwenden, um das Tag zu signieren"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:607
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "das Tag ersetzen, wenn es existiert"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:609
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Optionen für Auflistung der Tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:610
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "Liste der Tags in Spalten anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "sort tags"
+msgstr "Tags sortieren"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:617 builtin/tag.c:623
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "nur Tags ausgeben, die diesen Commit beinhalten"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:629
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "nur Tags von dem Objekt ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:655
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column und -n sind inkompatibel"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:667
+msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--sort und -n sind inkompatibel"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:674
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "-n Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:676
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "--contains Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:678
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "--points-at Option ist nur erlaubt mit -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:686
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "nur eine -F oder -m Option ist erlaubt."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:706
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "zu viele Parameter"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:712
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' ist kein gültiger Tagname."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' existiert bereits"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' aktualisiert (war %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:489
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Entpacke Objekte"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:403
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<Optionen>] [--] [<Datei>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisierung fortsetzen, auch wenn die Staging-Area aktualisiert werden "
+"muss"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "Aktualisierung: ignoriert Submodule"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "keine neuen Dateien ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "Dateien Verzeichnisse ersetzen lassen, und umgedreht"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis beachten"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+"aktualisieren, auch wenn die Staging-Area nicht zusammengeführte Einträge "
+"beinhaltet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "Dateiinformationen aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "wie --refresh, ignoriert aber \"assume-unchanged\" Einstellung"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<Modus>,<Objekt>,<Pfad>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "den angegebenen Eintrag zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:786
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "das \"ausführbar\"-Bit der aufgelisteten Dateien überschreiben"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "diese Datei immer als unverändert betrachten"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "\"assumed-unchanged\"-Bit löschen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "Dateien als \"index-only\" markieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:799
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "\"skip-worktree\"-Bit löschen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:802
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"die Änderungen nur zum Commit vormerken; Inhalt wird nicht der Objekt-"
+"Datenbank hinzugefügt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:804
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"benannte Pfade löschen, auch wenn sie sich im Arbeitsverzeichnis befinden"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:806
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "mit --stdin: eingegebene Zeilen sind durch NUL-Bytes abgeschlossen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:808
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "Liste der zu aktualisierenden Pfade von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:812
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "Einträge von der Standard-Eingabe zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:816
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr ""
+"wiederholtes Einpflegen der Zustände #2 und #3 für die aufgelisteten Pfade"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:820
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "nur Einträge aktualisieren, die unterschiedlich zu HEAD sind"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:824
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "fehlende Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis ignorieren"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:827
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "die Aktionen in der Standard-Ausgabe ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:829
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(für Fremdprogramme) keine gespeicherten, nicht aufgelöste Konflikte"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:833
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "Staging-Area-Datei in diesem Format schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:835
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "Aktivierung oder Deaktivierung des Splittings der Staging-Area"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<Optionen>] -d <Referenzname> [<alter-Wert>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git update-ref [<Optionen>]    <Referenzname> <neuer-Wert> [<alter-Wert>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<Optionen>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:359
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "diese Referenz löschen"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:361
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "<Referenzname> aktualisieren, nicht den Verweis"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "Standard-Eingabe hat durch NUL-Zeichen abgeschlossene Argumente"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "Aktualisierungen von der Standard-Eingabe lesen"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "die Informationsdateien von Grund auf aktualisieren"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <Commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:75
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "Commit-Inhalte ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <Paket>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "nur Statistiken anzeigen"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <Tag>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "Tag-Inhalte ausgeben"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<Präfix>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<Präfix>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "das \"Tree\"-Objekt für ein Unterverzeichnis <Präfix> schreiben"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "nur nützlich für Fehlersuche"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:267
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "Meldungen zur Fehlersuche in Standard-Fehlerausgabe ausgeben"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' und 'git help -g' listet verfügbare Unterkommandos und\n"
+"einige Anleitungen zu Git-Konzepten auf. Benutzen Sie 'git help <Kommando>'\n"
+"oder 'git help <Konzept>', um mehr über ein spezifisches Kommando oder\n"
+"Konzept zu erfahren."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Dateiinhalte zum Commit vormerken"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr ""
+"über eine Binärsuche die Änderungen finden, die einen Fehler verursacht haben"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Branches anzeigen, erstellen oder entfernen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "Branches oder Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis auschecken"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "ein Repository in einem neuen Verzeichnis klonen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Änderungen in das Repository eintragen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+"Änderungen zwischen Commits, Commit und Arbeitsverzeichnis, etc. anzeigen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Objekte und Referenzen von einem anderen Repository herunterladen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Zeilen darstellen, die einem Muster entsprechen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr ""
+"ein leeres Git-Repository erstellen oder ein bestehendes neuinitialisieren"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Commit-Historie anzeigen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "zwei oder mehr Entwicklungszweige zusammenführen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr ""
+"eine Datei, ein Verzeichnis, oder eine symbolische Verknüpfung verschieben "
+"oder umbenennen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr ""
+"Objekte von einem externen Repository anfordern und sie mit einem anderen "
+"Repository oder einem lokalen Branch zusammenführen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Remote-Referenzen mitsamt den verbundenen Objekten aktualisieren"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr "lokale Commits auf einem aktuellerem Upstream-Branch neu aufbauen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "aktuellen HEAD zu einem spezifizierten Zustand setzen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Dateien im Arbeitsverzeichnis und von der Staging-Area löschen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "verschiedene Arten von Objekten anzeigen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "den Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses anzeigen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr ""
+"ein mit GPG signiertes Tag-Objekt erzeugen, auflisten, löschen oder "
+"verifizieren."
+
+#: parse-options.h:143
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "Verfallsdatum"
+
+#: parse-options.h:158
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "Kein Effekt (Rückwärtskompatibilität)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "erweiterte Ausgaben"
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "weniger Ausgaben"
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "benutze <n> Ziffern zur Anzeige von SHA-1s"
+
+#: rerere.h:27
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+"Staging-Area, wenn möglich, mit wiederverwendeter Konfliktauflösung "
+"aktualisieren"
+
+#: git-am.sh:53
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "Sie müssen zuerst die Informationen zum Commit-Ersteller setzen."
+
+#: git-am.sh:98
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie scheinen seit dem letzten gescheiterten 'am' HEAD geändert zu haben.\n"
+"Keine Zurücksetzung zu ORIG_HEAD."
+
+#: git-am.sh:108
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie das Problem gelöst haben, führen Sie \"$cmdline --continue\" aus.\n"
+"Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen\n"
+"\"$cmdline --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der\n"
+"Patches abzubrechen, führen Sie \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
+
+#: git-am.sh:124
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "Kann nicht zu 3-Wege-Merge zurückfallen."
+
+#: git-am.sh:140
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Dem Repository fehlen notwendige Blobs um auf einen 3-Wege-Merge "
+"zurückzufallen."
+
+#: git-am.sh:142
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+"Verwende Informationen aus der Staging-Area, um einen Basisverzeichnis "
+"nachzustellen"
+
+#: git-am.sh:157
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Haben Sie den Patch per Hand editiert?\n"
+"Er kann nicht auf die Blobs in seiner 'index' Zeile angewendet werden."
+
+#: git-am.sh:166
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Falle zurück zum Patchen der Basis und des 3-Wege-Merges ..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:182
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Merge der Änderungen fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-am.sh:277
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Es kann nur eine StGIT Patch-Serie auf einmal angewendet werden."
+
+#: git-am.sh:364
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "Patch-Format $patch_format wird nicht unterstützt."
+
+#: git-am.sh:366
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Patch-Formaterkennung fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#: git-am.sh:398
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Die -b/--binary Option hat seit Langem keinen Effekt und wird\n"
+"entfernt. Bitte nicht mehr verwenden."
+
+#: git-am.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+"Vorheriges Rebase-Verzeichnis $dotest existiert noch, aber mbox gegeben."
+
+#: git-am.sh:501
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Bitte werden Sie sich klar. --skip oder --abort?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Stray $dotest Verzeichnis gefunden.\n"
+"Benutzen Sie \"git am --abort\", um es zu entfernen."
+
+#: git-am.sh:545
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Es ist keine Auflösung im Gange, es wird nicht fortgesetzt."
+
+#: git-am.sh:612
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr "Geänderte Staging-Area: kann Patches nicht anwenden (geändert: $files)"
+
+#: git-am.sh:722
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Patch ist leer. Wurde er falsch aufgeteilt?\n"
+"Wenn Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen\n"
+"\"$cmdline --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und die Anwendung der "
+"Patches\n"
+"abzubrechen, führen Sie \"$cmdline --abort\" aus."
+
+#: git-am.sh:749
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "Patch enthält keine gültige E-Mail-Adresse."
+
+#: git-am.sh:796
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"Kann nicht interaktiv sein, ohne dass die Standard-Eingabe mit einem "
+"Terminal verbunden ist."
+
+#: git-am.sh:800
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Commit-Beschreibung ist:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:807
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr "Anwenden? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+
+#: git-am.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Wende an: $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:864
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Keine Änderungen - haben Sie vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?\n"
+"Wenn keine Änderungen mehr zum Commit vorzumerken sind, könnten\n"
+"diese bereits anderweitig eingefügt worden sein; Sie könnten diesen Patch\n"
+"auslassen."
+
+#: git-am.sh:872
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben immer noch nicht zusammengeführte Pfade in der Staging-Area.\n"
+"Haben Sie vergessen 'git add' zu benutzen?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:888
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Keine Änderungen -- Patches bereits angewendet."
+
+#: git-am.sh:898
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Anwendung des Patches fehlgeschlagen bei $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Kopie des fehlgeschlagenen Patches befindet sich in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:919
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "auf leere Historie anwenden"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Sie müssen mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Wollen Sie, dass ich es für Sie mache [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "nicht erkannte Option: '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' scheint kein gültiger Commit zu sein"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Ungültiger HEAD - HEAD wird benötigt"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Auschecken von '$start_head' fehlgeschlagen. Versuchen Sie 'git bisect reset "
+"<gültiger-Branch>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr ""
+"binäre Suche auf einem durch 'cg-seek' geändertem Verzeichnis nicht möglich"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Ungültiger HEAD - merkwürdige symbolische Referenz"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Ungültiges \"bisect_write\" Argument: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Ungültige Referenz-Eingabe: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Bitte rufen Sie 'bisect_state' mit mindestens einem Argument auf."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Ungültige Referenz-Eingabe: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:253
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect bad' kann nur ein Argument entgegennehmen."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:276
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "Warnung: binäre Suche nur mit einem fehlerhaften Commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:282
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Sind Sie sicher [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie müssen mindestens einen korrekten und einen fehlerhaften Commit "
+"angeben.\n"
+"(Sie können dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:295
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie müssen mit \"git bisect start\" beginnen.\n"
+"Danach müssen Sie mindestens einen korrekten und einen fehlerhaften Commit "
+"angeben.\n"
+"(Sie können dafür \"git bisect bad\" und \"git bisect good\" benutzen.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:366 git-bisect.sh:493
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "keine binäre Suche im Gange"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:373
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' ist kein gültiger Commit"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:382
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte den ursprünglichen HEAD '$branch' nicht auschecken.\n"
+"Versuchen Sie 'git bisect reset <Commit>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:409
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Keine Log-Datei gegeben"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:410
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "kann $file nicht für das Abspielen lesen"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? Was reden Sie da?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:439
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "führe $command aus"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:446
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"'bisect run' fehlgeschlagen:\n"
+"Rückkehrwert $res von '$command' ist < 0 oder >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:472
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "'bisect run' kann nicht mehr fortgesetzt werden"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:478
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"'bisect run' fehlgeschlagen:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' wurde mit Fehlerwert $res beendet"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:485
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "'bisect run' erfolgreich ausgeführt"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil Sie nicht zusammengeführte Dateien haben.\n"
+"Bitte korrigieren Sie dies im Arbeitsverzeichnis und benutzen Sie dann\n"
+"'git add/rm <Datei>', um die Auflösung entsprechend zu markieren und zu\n"
+"committen."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr ""
+"\"pull\" ist nicht möglich, weil Sie nicht zusammengeführte Dateien haben."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Sie haben Ihren Merge nicht abgeschlossen (MERGE_HEAD existiert).\n"
+"Bitte committen Sie Ihre Änderungen, bevor Sie \"merge\" ausführen können."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:245
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr ""
+"Aktualisiere einen ungeborenen Branch mit Änderungen, die zum Commit "
+"vorgemerkt sind"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:269
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+"Warnung: \"fetch\" aktualisierte die Spitze des aktuellen Branches.\n"
+"Warnung: Spule Ihr Arbeitsverzeichnis von Commit $orig_head vor."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:294
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "Kann nicht mehrere Branches in einen ungeborenen Branch zusammenführen"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:298
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "kann Rebase nicht auf mehrere Branches ausführen"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie das Problem aufgelöst haben, führen Sie \"git rebase --continue\" "
+"aus.\n"
+"Falls Sie diesen Patch auslassen möchten, führen Sie stattdessen \"git "
+"rebase --skip\" aus.\n"
+"Um den ursprünglichen Branch wiederherzustellen und den Rebase abzubrechen,\n"
+"führen Sie \"git rebase --abort\" aus."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "\"autostash\" angewendet."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Kann $stash_sha1 nicht speichern."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:169
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Anwendung von \"autostash\" resultierte in Konflikten.\n"
+"Ihre Änderungen sind im Stash sicher.\n"
+"Sie können jederzeit \"git stash pop\" oder \"git stash drop\" ausführen.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:208
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Der \"pre-rebase hook\" hat den Rebase zurückgewiesen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:213
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "\"git-am\" scheint im Gange zu sein. Kann Rebase nicht durchführen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:351
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "Die Option --exec muss mit --interactive verwendet werden."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:356
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Kein Rebase im Gange?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:367
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Die --edit-todo Aktion kann nur während eines interaktiven Rebase verwendet "
+"werden."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:374
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Kann HEAD nicht lesen"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:377
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Sie müssen alle Merge-Konflikte editieren und diese dann\n"
+"mittels \"git add\" als aufgelöst markieren"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Konnte nicht zu $head_name zurückgehen"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:414
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Es sieht so aus, als ob es das Verzeichnis $state_dir_base bereits gibt\n"
+"und es könnte ein anderer Rebase im Gange sein. Wenn das der Fall ist,\n"
+"probieren Sie bitte\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Wenn das nicht der Fall ist, probieren Sie bitte\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"und führen Sie dieses Kommando nochmal aus. Es wird angehalten, falls noch\n"
+"etwas Schützenswertes vorhanden ist."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "ungültiger Upstream-Branch $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt mehr als eine Merge-Basis"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:492 git-rebase.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: es gibt keine Merge-Basis"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "$onto_name zeigt auf keinen gültigen Commit"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "fatal: Branch $branch_name nicht gefunden"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Kann \"autostash\" nicht ausführen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "\"autostash\" erzeugt: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:566
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Bitte committen Sie die Änderungen oder benutzen Sie \"stash\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:586
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Aktueller Branch $branch_name ist auf dem neuesten Stand."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:590
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr ""
+"Aktueller Branch $branch_name ist auf dem neuesten Stand, Rebase erzwungen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:601
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Änderungen von $mb zu $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:610
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Zunächst wird der Branch zurückgespult, um Ihre Änderungen\n"
+"darauf neu anzuwenden ..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:620
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "$branch_name zu $onto_name vorgespult."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear mit Parametern ist nicht implementiert"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Sie haben bisher noch keinen initialen Commit"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand der Staging-Area nicht speichern"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses nicht speichern"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Keine Änderungen ausgewählt"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Kann temporäre Staging-Area nicht löschen (kann nicht passieren)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Kann Zustand des Arbeitsverzeichnisses nicht aufzeichnen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:191
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Kann $ref_stash nicht mit $w_commit aktualisieren."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:238
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler: unbekannte Option für 'stash save': $option\n"
+"        Um eine Beschreibung anzugeben, benutzen Sie \"git stash save -- "
+"'$option'\""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:259
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Keine lokalen Änderungen zum Speichern"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:263
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Kann \"stash\" nicht initialisieren"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:267
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Kann den aktuellen Status nicht speichern"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:285
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Kann Änderungen im Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht löschen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:384
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Kein \"stash\" gefunden."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:391
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Zu viele Commits angegeben: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:397
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference ist keine gültige Referenz"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:425
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' ist kein \"stash\"-artiger Commit"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:436
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' ist keine \"stash\"-Referenz"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:444
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "unfähig die Staging-Area zu aktualisieren"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:448
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Kann \"stash\" nicht anwenden, solang ein Merge im Gange ist"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Konflikte in der Staging-Area. Versuchen Sie es ohne --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:458
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Konnte Staging-Area-Verzeichnis nicht speichern"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Kann geänderte Dateien nicht aus der Staging-Area entfernen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:507
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Staging-Area wurde nicht aus dem Stash zurückgeladen."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:530
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Gelöscht ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Konnte \"stash\"-Eintrag nicht löschen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:539
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Kein Branchname spezifiziert"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:611
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Zur Wiederherstellung geben Sie \"git stash apply\" ein)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "Kann eine Komponente von URL '$remoteurl' nicht extrahieren"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Keine Submodul-Zuordnung in .gitmodules für Pfad '$sm_path' gefunden"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:287
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "Klonen von '$url' in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:296
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr "Git-Verzeichnis '$a' ist Teil des Submodul-Pfades '$b', oder umgekehrt"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Relative Pfade können nur von der obersten Ebene des Arbeitsverzeichnisses "
+"benutzt werden."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:416
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "repo URL: '$repo' muss absolut sein oder mit ./|../ beginnen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:433
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' ist bereits zum Commit vorgemerkt"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Der folgende Pfad wird durch eine Ihrer \".gitignore\" Dateien ignoriert:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Benutzen Sie -f wenn Sie diesen wirklich hinzufügen möchten."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:455
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Füge existierendes Repository in '$sm_path' der Staging-Area hinzu."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:457
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existiert bereits und ist kein gültiges Git-Repository"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Ein Git-Verzeichnis für '$sm_name' wurde lokal gefunden mit den Remote-"
+"Repositories:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Wenn Sie dieses lokale Git-Verzeichnis wiederverwenden möchtest, anstatt "
+"erneut zu klonen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"benutzen Sie die Option '--force'. Wenn das lokale Git-Verzeichnis nicht das "
+"korrekte Repository ist"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"oder Sie sich unsicher sind, was das bedeutet, wählen Sie einen anderen "
+"Namenmit der Option '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:472
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Reaktiviere lokales Git-Verzeichnis für Submodul '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kann Submodul '$sm_path' nicht auschecken"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Hinzufügen von Submodul '$sm_path' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:498
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Fehler beim Eintragen von Submodul '$sm_path' in die Konfiguration."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:542
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Betrete '$prefix$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "Stoppe bei '$prefix$displaypath'; Skript gab nicht-Null Status zurück."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:608
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Keine URL für Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' in .gitmodules gefunden"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler beim Eintragen der URL für Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' in die "
+"Konfiguration."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Submodul '$name' ($url) für Pfad '$displaypath' in die Konfiguration "
+"eingetragen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Fehler bei Änderung des Aktualisierungsmodus für Submodul-Pfad "
+"'$displaypath' in der Konfiguration."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Verwenden Sie '.' wenn Sie wirklich alle Submodule\n"
+"deinitialisieren möchten."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis des Submoduls in '$displaypath' enthält ein .git-"
+"Verzeichnis"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses Submodul wirklich mitsamt\n"
+"seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Arbeitsverzeichnis von Submodul in '$displaypath' enthält lokale Änderungen; "
+"verwenden Sie '-f', um diese zu verwerfen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:701
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Verzeichnis '$displaypath' bereinigt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:702
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte Arbeitsverzeichnis des Submoduls in '$displaypath' nicht löschen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:705
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Konnte kein leeres Verzeichnis für Submodul in '$displaypath' erstellen."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:714
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Submodul '$name' ($url) für Pfad '$displaypath' wurde aus der Konfiguration "
+"entfernt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:830
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' ist nicht initialisiert.\n"
+"Vielleicht möchten Sie 'update --init' benutzen?"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte aktuellen Commit in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht finden."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:852
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path' nicht ausführen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:876
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht ausführen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Konnte '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht auschecken."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:891
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad: '$displaypath': '$sha1' ausgecheckt"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:895
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Rebase auf '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' nicht möglich"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:896
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath': Rebase auf '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Merge von '$sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath' fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:902
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath': zusammengeführt in '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:907
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Ausführung von '$command $sha1' in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' "
+"fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:908
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:938
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1046
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr ""
+"Die Optionen --cached und --files können nicht gemeinsam verwendet werden."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1098
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "unerwarteter Modus $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1118
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht Commit $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1121
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht Commit $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Warnung: $display_name beinhaltet nicht die Commits $sha1_src und $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1149
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "Blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1267
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1331
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synchronisiere Submodul-URL für '$displaypath'"
+
+#~ msgid "server does not support --atomic push"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "die Gegenseite unterstützt keinen atomaren Versand (\"--atomic push\")"
+
+#~ msgid "(detached from %s)"
+#~ msgstr "(losgelöst von %s)"
+
+#~ msgid "search also in ignored files"
+#~ msgstr "auch in ignorierten Dateien suchen"
+
+#~ msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Kein existierender Autor mit '%s' gefunden."
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <Branch>)"
+
+#~ msgid "no files added"
+#~ msgstr "keine Dateien hinzugefügt"
+
+#~ msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+#~ msgstr "Branch auch erzeugen, wenn dieser bereits existiert"
+
+#~ msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Fehlerhafter Ident-String: '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "slot"
+#~ msgstr "Slot"
+
+#~ msgid "check"
+#~ msgstr "check|on-demand"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler beim Sperren der Referenz zur Aktualisierung."
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to write ref"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler beim Schreiben der Referenz."
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock HEAD during fast_forward_to"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler beim Sperren von HEAD während fast_forward_to"
+
+#~ msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Ungültiger Commit: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "Kann Referenz von HEAD nicht sperren."
+
+#~ msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "Kann Referenz von HEAD nicht aktualisieren."
+
+#~ msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Ungültiger %s: '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+#~ msgstr "kann aktuelles Arbeitsverzeichnis nicht ermitteln"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: kann Referenz nicht sperren"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: kann Referenz nicht aktualisieren"
+
+#~ msgid "commit has empty message"
+#~ msgstr "Commit hat eine leere Beschreibung"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler beim Verzeichniswechsel: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "key id"
+#~ msgstr "Schlüssel-ID"
+
+#~ msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Konfiguration zum Folgen von Branch nicht eingerichtet. Name zu lang: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bug"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler"
+
+#~ msgid "ahead "
+#~ msgstr "voraus "
+
+#~ msgid ", behind "
+#~ msgstr ", hinterher "
+
+#~ msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte .gitmodules nicht in der Staging-Area finden"
+
+#~ msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "Lesen der aktualisierten .gitmodules-Datei fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte aktualisierte .gitmodules-Datei nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte .gitmodules nicht aus der Staging-Area entfernen"
+
+#~ msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte aktualisierte .gitmodules-Datei nicht hinzufügen"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+#~ "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+#~ "anymore.\n"
+#~ "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+#~ "directory.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Das Verhalten von 'git add %s (oder %s)' ohne ein Pfad-Argument von\n"
+#~ "einem Unterverzeichnis aus wird in Git 2.0 geändert und sollte nicht\n"
+#~ "mehr verwendet werden.\n"
+#~ "Um Dateien des gesamten Projektverzeichnisses hinzuzufügen, führen Sie "
+#~ "aus:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (oder git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Zur Einschränkung auf das aktuelle Verzeichnis führen Sie aus:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (oder git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Mit der aktuellen Version von Git ist das Kommando auf das aktuelle\n"
+#~ "Verzeichnis beschränkt.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+#~ "whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you "
+#~ "removed.\n"
+#~ "Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+#~ "removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+#~ "  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Sie haben 'git add' weder mit '-A (--all)' noch mit '--ignore-removal'\n"
+#~ "ausgeführt. Das Verhalten des Kommandos ändert sich in Git 2.0 durch\n"
+#~ "Berücksichtigung der gelöschten Pfade.\n"
+#~ "Pfade wie '%s', die im Arbeitsverzeichnis gelöscht wurden, werden in\n"
+#~ "dieser Version von Git ignoriert.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <Pfadspezifikation>', was der aktuelle\n"
+#~ "  Standardwert ist, ignoriert gelöschte Pfade im Arbeitsverzeichnis.\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <Pfadspezifikation>' berücksichtigt ebenfalls gelöschte\n"
+#~ "  Pfade.\n"
+#~ "Führen Sie 'git status' aus, um die gelöschten Pfade zu überprüfen.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+#~ "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die Datenbank des Repositories wird für eine optimale Performance\n"
+#~ "komprimiert. Sie können auch \"git gc\" manuell ausführen.\n"
+#~ "Siehe \"git help gc\" für weitere Informationen.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+#~ "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+#~ "specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration "
+#~ "variable\n"
+#~ "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Aktualisierungen wurden zurückgewiesen, weil die Spitze eines "
+#~ "versendeten\n"
+#~ "Branches hinter seinem externen Gegenstück zurückgefallen ist. Wenn Sie "
+#~ "nicht\n"
+#~ "beabsichtigt haben, diesen Branch zu versenden, können Sie auch den zu "
+#~ "versendenden\n"
+#~ "Branch spezifizieren oder die Konfigurationsvariable 'push.default' zu "
+#~ "'simple', 'current'\n"
+#~ "oder 'upstream' setzen, um nur den aktuellen Branch zu versenden."
+
+#~ msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "kopiert:     %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "deleted:    %s"
+#~ msgstr "gelöscht:    %s"
+
+#~ msgid "modified:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "geändert:   %s"
+
+#~ msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "umbenannt:    %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "nicht zusammengeführt:   %s"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "Eingabepfade sind durch ein NUL Zeichen abgeschlossen"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed "
+#~ "by stash save:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Die folgenden unbeobachteten Dateien würden NICHT gespeichert werden,\n"
+#~ "müssen aber durch \"stash save\" entfernt werden:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Abgebrochen. Benutzen Sie entweder die Option --force oder --include-"
+#~ "untracked."
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "  (beheben Sie die Konflikte und führen Sie dann \"git am --resolved\" "
+#~ "aus)"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (alle Konflikte behoben: führen Sie \"git commit\" aus)"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Mehr als %d \"Tree\"-Objekte angegeben: '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Sie können --no-ff nicht mit --ff--only kombinieren."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Submodul '%s' (oder ein geschachteltes Submodul hiervon) verwendet\n"
+#~ "ein .git-Verzeichnis (benutzen Sie 'rm -rf' wenn Sie dieses wirklich "
+#~ "mitsamt\n"
+#~ "seiner Historie löschen möchten)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "'%s' hat zum Commit vorgemerkte Änderungen\n"
+#~ "(benutzen Sie --cached um die Datei zu behalten, oder -f um die "
+#~ "Entfernung zu erzwingen)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "zeigt Commits, bei denen kein Eltern-Commit vor seinem Kind-Commit kommt"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "zeigt Referenz von HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte \"fetch\" in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path' nicht ausführen"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Fehler bei Rekursion in Submodul-Pfad '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Es dauerte %.2f Sekunden die unbeobachteten Dateien zu bestimmen.'status -"
+#~ "uno'"
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "könnte das beschleunigen, aber Sie müssen darauf achten, neue"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "Dateien selbstständig hinzuzufügen (siehe 'git help status')."
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] "
+#~ "[<Versionsidentifikation>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Siehe 'git help <Kommando>' für weitere Informationen zu einem "
+#~ "spezifischen Kommando"
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet alle Referenzen in .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "verwendet alle Markierungen in .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "ungültiges Objekt %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "unechte Einreicher-Informationen %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "konnte Datei-Deskriptor für Ausgabe von 'show' nicht öffnen"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Schließen der Verbindung zu 'show' ist für Objekt '%s' fehlgeschlagen."
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Sie haben keine gültige Zweigspitze (HEAD)"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "Ups"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Würde '%s' nicht löschen\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Entferne nicht %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Konnte Bereitstellung nicht lesen"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 Dateien geändert"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d Datei geändert"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d Dateien geändert"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile hinzugefügt(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen hinzugefügt(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d Zeile entfernt(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d Zeilen entfernt(-)"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <Name> (-a | -d | <Zweig>])"
+
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr " (benutze \"git add\" zum Beobachten)"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -b/-B/--orphan benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan und -b|-B sind gegenseitig exklusiv"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan kann nicht mit -t benutzt werden"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: -f und -m sind inkompatibel"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git checkout: Die Aktualisierung von Pfaden ist inkompatibel mit dem "
+#~ "Wechsel von Zweigen."
+
+#~ msgid "diff setup failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+#~ msgstr "merge-recursive: Festplatte voll?"
+
+#~ msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done fehlgeschlagen"
+
+#~ msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#~ msgstr "-d Option wird nicht länger unterstützt. Nicht benutzen."
+
+#~ msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+#~ msgstr "%s wurde gelöscht/umbenannt"
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+#~ msgstr "'%s' ist kein Dokumentationsverzeichnis"
+
+#~ msgid "--"
+#~ msgstr "--"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+#~ msgstr "Konnte E-Mail-Adresse des Einreichers nicht extrahieren."
+
+#~ msgid "cherry-pick"
+#~ msgstr "cherry-pick"
+
+#~ msgid "Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+#~ msgstr "Bitte gebe die Versionsbeschreibung für deine Änderungen ein."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were "
+#~ "rejected\n"
+#~ "Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See "
+#~ "the\n"
+#~ "'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Um dich vor Verlust von Historie zu bewahren, wurden nicht vorzuspulende "
+#~ "Aktualisierungen zurückgewiesen.\n"
+#~ "Führe die externen Änderungen zusammen (z.B. 'git pull') bevor du erneut "
+#~ "versendest. Siehe auch die 'Note about fast-forwards' Sektion von \n"
+#~ "'git push --help' für weitere Details.\n"
diff --git a/po/fr.po b/po/fr.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00bfefdf51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/fr.po
@@ -0,0 +1,11629 @@
+# French translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2013 Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>, 2013.
+# Sébastien Helleu <flashcode@flashtux.org>, 2013.
+#
+# French translations of common Git words used in this file:
+#
+#   English          |  French
+#   -----------------+---------------------------------
+#   3-way merge      |  fusion à 3 points
+#   #NN              |  n°NN
+#   a commit         |  un commit
+#   backward         |
+#     compatibility  |  rétrocompatibilité
+#   bare repository  |  dépôt nu
+#   bisect           |  bissection
+#   blob             |  blob
+#   bug              |  bogue
+#   bundle           |  colis
+#   bypass           |  éviter d'utiliser
+#   to checkout      |  extraire
+#   cherry-pick      |  picorer
+#   to commit        |  valider
+#   commit-ish       |  commit ou apparenté
+#   config file      |  fichier de configuration
+#   dangling         |  en suspens
+#   to debug         |  déboguer
+#   debugging        |  débogage
+#   to deflate       |  compresser
+#   email            |  e-mail
+#   entry            |  élément
+#   fast-forward     |  avance rapide
+#   fast-forwarded   |  mis à jour en avance rapide
+#   to fetch         |  rapatrier
+#   fix conflicts    |  réglez les conflits
+#   to format        |  formater
+#   glob             |  glob
+#   hash             |  hachage
+#   HEAD             |  HEAD (genre féminin)
+#   hook             |  crochet
+#   hunk             |  section
+#   to inflate       |  décompresser
+#   to list          |  afficher
+#   mapping          |  mise en correspondance
+#   merge            |  fusion
+#   pack             |  paquet
+#   patches          |  patchs
+#   pattern          |  motif
+#   to prune         |  éliminer
+#   to push          |  pousser
+#   to rebase        |  rebaser
+#   repository       |  dépôt
+#   remote           |  distante (ou serveur distant)
+#   revision         |  révision
+#   shallow          |  superficiel
+#   shell            |  interpréteur de commandes
+#   stash            |  remisage
+#   to stash         |  remiser
+#   tag              |  étiquette
+#   template         |  modèle
+#   thread           |  fil
+#   to track         |  suivre
+#   tree             |  arbre
+#   tree-ish         |  arbre ou apparenté
+#   to unstage       |  désindexer
+#   upstream         |  amont
+#   viewer           |  visualiseur
+#   worktree /       |
+#   work(ing) tree   |  copie de travail
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-04-03 08:13+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-04-04 18:03+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: Jean-Noël Avila <jn.avila@free.fr>\n"
+"Language: fr\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n<=1 ?0 : 1;\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "astuce: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Corrigez-les dans la copie de travail,\n"
+"puis utilisez 'git add/rm <fichier>' si\n"
+"nécessaire pour marquer la résolution et valider."
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<options>] <arbre ou apparenté> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <dépôt> [--exec <commande>] [<options>] <arbre ou "
+"apparenté> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <dépôt> [--exec <commande>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:342 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:427 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' ne correspond à aucun fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "fmt"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "format d'archive"
+
+#: archive.c:428 builtin/log.c:1204
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "préfixe"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "préfixer chaque chemin de fichier dans l'archive"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2516
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517 builtin/config.c:57 builtin/fast-export.c:986
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988 builtin/grep.c:712 builtin/hash-object.c:101
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446 builtin/ls-files.c:449 builtin/notes.c:394
+#: builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:431 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "écrire l'archive dans ce fichier"
+
+#: archive.c:433
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "lire .gitattributes dans le répertoire de travail"
+
+#: archive.c:434
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers archivés sur stderr"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "stockage seulement"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "compression rapide"
+
+#: archive.c:444
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "compression efficace"
+
+#: archive.c:447
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "afficher les formats d'archive supportés"
+
+#: archive.c:449 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "dépôt"
+
+#: archive.c:450 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "récupérer l'archive depuis le dépôt distant <dépôt>"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:478
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "commande"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "chemin vers la commande distante git-upload-archive"
+
+#: attr.c:264
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Les motifs de négation sont ignorés dans les attributs git\n"
+"Utilisez '\\!' pour un point d'exclamation littéral."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "La branche %s ne peut pas être sa propre branche amont."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche distante %s de %s en "
+"rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche distante %s depuis %s."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche locale %s en rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la branche locale %s."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence distante %s en "
+"rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence distante %s."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence locale %s en rebasant."
+
+#: branch.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "La branche %s est paramétrée pour suivre la référence locale %s."
+
+#: branch.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Pas de suivi : information ambiguë pour la référence %s"
+
+#: branch.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom de branche valide."
+
+#: branch.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Une branche nommée '%s' existe déjà."
+
+#: branch.c:175
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Impossible de forcer la mise à jour de la branche courante."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de paramétrer le suivi de branche ; le point de départ '%s' n'est "
+"pas une branche."
+
+#: branch.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branche amont demandée '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: branch.c:199
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si vous comptez baser votre travail sur une branche\n"
+"amont qui existe déjà sur le serveur distant, vous pouvez\n"
+"lancer \"git fetch\" pour la récupérer.\n"
+"\n"
+"Si vous comptez pousser une nouvelle branche locale qui suivra\n"
+"sa jumelle distante, vous pouvez utiliser \"git push -u\"\n"
+"pour paramétrer le suivi distant en même temps que vous poussez."
+
+#: branch.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nom d'objet invalide : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nom d'objet ambigu : '%s'."
+
+#: branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Point d'embranchement invalide : '%s'."
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' ne semble pas être un fichier bundle v2"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "en-tête non reconnu : %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Le dépôt ne dispose pas des commits prérequis suivants :"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 sequencer.c:650 sequencer.c:1105 builtin/blame.c:2705
+#: builtin/branch.c:659 builtin/commit.c:1045 builtin/log.c:330
+#: builtin/log.c:823 builtin/log.c:1432 builtin/log.c:1669 builtin/merge.c:358
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "échec de la préparation du parcours des révisions"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Le colis contient cette référence :"
+msgstr[1] "Le colis contient ces %d références :"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Le colis enregistre l'historique complet."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Le colis exige cette référence :"
+msgstr[1] "Le colis exige ces %d références :"
+
+#: bundle.c:251
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer des objets groupés"
+
+#: bundle.c:269
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "les objets groupés ont disparu"
+
+#: bundle.c:309
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list a disparu"
+
+#: bundle.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "la référence '%s' est exclue par les options de rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:437 builtin/log.c:153 builtin/log.c:1342 builtin/shortlog.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument non reconnu : %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:443
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Refus de créer un colis vide."
+
+#: bundle.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:474
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "l'index de groupe a disparu"
+
+#: color.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "Valeur invalide de couleur : %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s n'est pas un commit !"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "plus de mémoire"
+
+#: config.c:474 config.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config file line %d in %s"
+msgstr "ligne %d de fichier de config incorrecte dans %s"
+
+#: config.c:592
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"valeur numérique de configuration incorrecte '%s' pour '%s' dans %s : %s"
+
+#: config.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "valeur numérique de configuration invalide '%s' pour '%s' : %s"
+
+#: config.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'étendre le répertoire utilisateur dans : '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:757 config.c:768
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "niveau de compression zlib incorrect %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "mode invalide pour la création d'objet : %s"
+
+#: config.c:1216
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "lecture de la configuration de ligne de commande impossible"
+
+#: config.c:1277
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "erreur inconnue pendant la lecture des fichiers de configuration"
+
+#: config.c:1601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr ""
+"impossible d'analyser '%s' depuis le configuration en ligne de commande"
+
+#: config.c:1603
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"variable de configuration '%s' incorrecte dans le fichier '%s' à la ligne %d"
+
+#: config.c:1662
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s a des valeurs multiples"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Impossible de lancer 'git rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire dans la rev-list : %s"
+
+#: connected.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de fermer l'entrée standard du rev-list : %s"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "dans le futur"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu seconde"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu secondes"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu minute"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu minutes"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu heure"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu heures"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu jour"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu jours"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu semaine"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu semaines"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu mois"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu mois"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu an"
+msgstr[1] "%lu ans"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %s et %lu mois"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %s et %lu mois"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "il y a %lu an"
+msgstr[1] "il y a %lu ans"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le fichier de commande '%s'"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:536
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Détection de renommage inexact en cours"
+
+#: diff.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Impossible d'analyser le pourcentage de modification de dirstat '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Paramètre dirstat inconnu '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"Valeur inconnue pour la variable de configuration 'diff.submodule' : '%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Erreurs dans la variable de configuration 'diff.dirstat' :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:2956
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "l'application de diff externe a disparu, arrêt à %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3351
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow a besoin d'une spécification de chemin unique"
+
+#: diff.c:3514
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'analyser le paramètre de l'option --dirstat/-X :\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le paramètre de l'option --submodule : '%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:129 gpg-interface.c:200
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "impossible de lancer gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:141
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg n'a pas accepté les données"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:152
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg n'a pas pu signer les données"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer un fichier temporaire '%s' : %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire la signature détachée dans '%s' : %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s' : lecture de %s impossible"
+
+#: grep.c:1735
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "'%s' : %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr "'%s' : lecture tronquée %s"
+
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "commandes git disponibles dans '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "commandes git disponibles depuis un autre endroit de votre $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:230
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Les commandes git les plus utilisées sont :"
+
+#: help.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' semble être une commande git, mais elle n'a pas pu\n"
+"être exécutée. Peut-être git-%s est-elle cassée ?"
+
+#: help.c:346
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Ahem. Votre système n'indique aucune commande Git."
+
+#: help.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"ATTENTION : vous avez invoqué une commande Git nommée '%s' qui n'existe "
+"pas.\n"
+"Continuons en supposant que vous avez voulu dire '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "dans %0.1f secondes automatiquement..."
+
+#: help.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git : '%s' n'est pas une commande git. Voir 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:384 help.c:444
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Vouliez-vous dire cela ?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Vouliez-vous dire un de ceux-là ?"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:283
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+msgstr "BUG: réouverture d'un fichier verrou déjà ouvert"
+
+#: lockfile.c:285
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+msgstr "BUG: réouverture d'un fichier verrou validé"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le cache"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/checkout.c:374 builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/clone.c:662
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(mauvais commit)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de addinfo_cache pour le chemin '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "erreur de construction des arbres"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:688
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le chemin '%s' %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s pour faire de la place pour le sous-répertoire\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:713 merge-recursive.c:734
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": peut-être un conflit D/F ?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "refus de perdre le fichier non suivi '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "blob attendu pour %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:789 builtin/clone.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "échec à l'ouverture de '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "échec à la création du lien symbolique '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:800
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "ne sait pas traiter %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:938
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Échec à l'exécution de la fusion interne"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter %s à la base de données"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:958
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "type d'objet non supporté dans l'arbre"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1033 merge-recursive.c:1047
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (%s/suppression) : %s supprimé dans %s et %s dans %s. Version %s de "
+"%s laissée dans l'arbre."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1039 merge-recursive.c:1052
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (%s/suppression) : %s supprimé dans %s et %s dans %s. Version %s de "
+"%s laissée dans l'arbre dans le fichier %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "renommage"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "renommé"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s est un répertoire dans %s ajouté plutôt comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (renommage/renommage) : Renommage de \"%s\"->\"%s\" dans la branche "
+"\"%s\" et renommage \"%s\"->\"%s\" dans \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1176
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (laissé non résolu)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1230
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (renommage/renommage) : renommage '%s'->'%s' dans %s. Renommage '%s'-"
+">'%s' dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Renommage de %s en %s et de %s en %s à la place"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1459
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (renommage/ajout) : Renommage de %s->%s dans %s. %s ajouté dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Ajout de %s fusionné"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1474 merge-recursive.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Ajout plutôt comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1525
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1528
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "l'objet %s n'est pas un blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "modification"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "modifié"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1586
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "contenu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1593
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "ajout/ajout"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1627
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "%s sauté (fusion identique à l'existant)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1641
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Fusion automatique de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1645 git-submodule.sh:1150
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "sous-module"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "CONFLIT (%s) : Conflit de fusion dans %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1732
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1757
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "fichier/répertoire"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1763
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "répertoire/fichier"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"CONFLIT (%s) : Il y a un répertoire nommé %s dans %s. Ajout de %s comme %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1778
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Ajout de %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1795
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Échec fatal de fusion, qui ne devrait jamais arriver."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1814
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Déjà à jour !"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1823
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "échec de fusion des arbres %s et %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Chemin non traité ??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1901
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Fusion :"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1914
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "%u ancêtre commun trouvé :"
+msgstr[1] "%u ancêtres communs trouvés :"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1951
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "la fusion n'a pas retourné de commit"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2008
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser l'objet '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2019 builtin/merge.c:667
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire l'index."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "Impossible de valider un arbre de notes non initialisé/référencé"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Mauvaise valeur de notes.rewriteMode : '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Refus de réécrire des notes dans %s (hors de refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Mauvaise valeur de %s : '%s'"
+
+#: object.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser l'objet : %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:546
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "usage : %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "   ou : %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:605
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-NUM"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"les réglages de spécificateurs de chemin généraux 'glob' et 'noglob' sont "
+"incompatibles"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"le réglage global de spécificateur de chemin 'literal' est incompatible avec "
+"tous les autres réglages globaux de spécificateur de chemin"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "paramètre invalide pour le spécificateur magique de chemin 'prefix'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "La spécification magique de chemin '%.*s' est invalide dans '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "')' manquante à la fin du spécificateur magique de chemin dans '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Spécificateur magique '%c' non implémenté dans '%s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s : 'literal' et 'glob' sont incompatibles"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s : '%s' est hors du dépôt"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Le chemin '%s' est dans le sous-module '%.*s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"%s : le spécificateur magique de chemin n'est pas supporté par cette "
+"commande : %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:432
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' est au-delà d'un lien symbolique"
+
+#: pathspec.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"Il n'y a rien dont il faut exclure par des motifs :(exclure).\n"
+"Peut-être avez-vous oublié d'ajouter ':/' ou '.' ?"
+
+#: pretty.c:968
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le format --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:225
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "fait"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"version d'index renseignée, mais la valeur est invalide.\n"
+"Utilisation de la version %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1285
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION est renseigné, mais la valeur est invalide.\n"
+"Utilisation de la version %i"
+
+#: remote.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de récupérer à la fois %s et %s pour %s"
+
+#: remote.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s suit habituellement %s, pas %s"
+
+#: remote.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s suit à la fois %s et %s"
+
+#: remote.c:798
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Erreur interne"
+
+#: remote.c:1980
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Votre branche est basée sur '%s', mais la branche amont a disparu.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1984
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git branch --unset-upstream\" pour corriger)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1987
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Votre branche est à jour avec '%s'.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1991
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Votre branche est en avance sur '%s' de %d commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Votre branche est en avance sur '%s' de %d commits.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1997
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git push\" pour publier vos commits locaux)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Votre branche est en retard sur '%s' de %d commit, et peut être mise à jour "
+"en avance rapide.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Votre branche est en retard sur '%s' de %d commits, et peut être mise à jour "
+"en avance rapide.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2008
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git pull\" pour mettre à jour votre branche locale)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Votre branche et '%s' ont divergé,\n"
+"et ont %d et %d commit différent chacune respectivement.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Votre branche et '%s' ont divergé,\n"
+"et ont %d et %d commits différents chacune respectivement.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2021
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git pull\" pour fusionner la branche distante dans la vôtre)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2348
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent est incompatible avec --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:83
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ouverture de /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "échec de dup2(%d,%d)"
+
+#: send-pack.c:272
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "impossible de signer le certificat de poussée"
+
+#: send-pack.c:356
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "Le receveur ne gère pas les poussées avec --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:366
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "Le receveur ne gère pas les poussées avec --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:172 builtin/merge.c:782 builtin/merge.c:893 builtin/merge.c:995
+#: builtin/merge.c:1005
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174 builtin/merge.c:344 builtin/merge.c:785 builtin/merge.c:997
+#: builtin/merge.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire dans '%s'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:195
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"après résolution des conflits, marquez les chemins corrigés\n"
+"avec 'git add <chemins>' ou 'git rm <chemins>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:198
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"après résolution des conflits, marquez les chemins corrigés\n"
+"avec 'git add <chemins>' ou 'git rm <chemins>'\n"
+"puis validez le résultat avec 'git commit'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:211 sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire dans %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Erreur à l'emballage de %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:229
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Vos modifications locales seraient écrasées par cherry-pick."
+
+#: sequencer.c:231
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Vos modifications locales seraient écrasées par revert."
+
+#: sequencer.c:234
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Validez vos modifications ou les remiser pour continuer."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:339
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de résoudre le commit HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:359
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour l'arbre de cache\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le commit %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser le commit parent %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:482
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Votre fichier d'index n'est pas fusionné."
+
+#: sequencer.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Le commit %s est une fusion mais l'option -m n'a pas été spécifiée."
+
+#: sequencer.c:509
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Le commit %s n'a pas le parent %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Une branche principale a été spécifiée mais le commit %s n'est pas une "
+"fusion."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s : impossible d'analyser le commit parent %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'obtenir un message de validation pour %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:616
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'annuler %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:617
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'appliquer %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:653
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "l'ensemble de commits spécifié est vide"
+
+#: sequencer.c:661
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s : échec à la lecture de l'index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:665
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s : échec du rafraîchissement de l'index"
+
+#: sequencer.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de %s pendant un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser la ligne %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Aucun commit analysé."
+
+#: sequencer.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de lire %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Feuille d'instruction inutilisable : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:806
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Clé invalide: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Valeur invalide pour %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Feuille d'options malformée : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:842
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "un picorage ou un retour est déjà en cours"
+
+#: sequencer.c:843
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "essayez \"git cherry-pick (--continue|--quit|-- abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire de séquenceur %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:863 sequencer.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Erreur lors de l'emballage de %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:882 sequencer.c:1018
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "aucun picorage ou retour en cours"
+
+#: sequencer.c:884
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "impossible de résoudre HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:886
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "impossible d'abandonner depuis une branche non encore créée"
+
+#: sequencer.c:908 builtin/apply.c:4288
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire %s : %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:912
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "fin de fichier inattendue"
+
+#: sequencer.c:918
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "le fichier HEAD de préparation de picorage '%s' est corrompu"
+
+#: sequencer.c:941
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de formater %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s : impossible de picorer un %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s : mauvaise révision"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1123
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Impossible d'annuler en tant que commit initial"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1124
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Impossible de picorer vers une HEAD vide"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git ne créé normalement jamais de référence qui se termine par 40 caractères "
+"hexa\n"
+"car elle serait ignorée si vous spécifiiez 40-hexa. Ces références\n"
+"peuvent être créées par erreur. Par exemple,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"où \"$br\" est d'une manière ou d'une autre vide et une référence 40-hexa "
+"est créée.\n"
+"Veuillez examiner ces références et peut-être les supprimer. Désactivez ce "
+"message\n"
+"en lançant \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1068
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD ne pointe pas sur une branche"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Branche inconnue : '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1073
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Aucune branche amont configurée pour la branche '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "La branche amont '%s' n'est pas stockée comme branche de suivi"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Modification impossible de .gitmodules non fusionné, résolvez les conflits "
+"d'abord"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver une section où path=%s dans .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour l'élément %s de .gitmodules"
+
+# ici %s est un chemin
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer l'élément de .gitmodules pour %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "échec de la mise en index du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#: submodule.c:1109 builtin/init-db.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le lien git %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:1120
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer core.worktree dans %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:491 trailer.c:495 trailer.c:499 trailer.c:553 trailer.c:557
+#: trailer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "valeur inconnue '%s' pour la clé '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:543 trailer.c:548 builtin/remote.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "plus d'un %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:581
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "symbole vide dans la ligne de fin '%.*s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le fichier d'entrée '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:704
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:202
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Extraction des fichiers"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "nom de schéma d'URL invalide ou suffixe '://' manquant"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "séquence d'échappement %XX invalide"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "hôte manquant et le schéma n'est pas 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "une URL 'file:' ne peut pas contenir de numéro de port"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "caractères invalides dans le nom d'hôte"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "numéro de port invalide"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "segment de chemin '..' invalide"
+
+#: wrapper.c:523
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'accéder à '%s' : %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'accéder à '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de rechercher l'utilisateur actuel dans le fichier de mots de "
+"passe : %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:556
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "utilisateur inconnu"
+
+#: wrapper.c:564
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "impossible d'accéder au répertoire de travail courant"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Chemins non fusionnés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git reset %s <fichier>...\" pour désindexer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rm --cached <fichier>...\" pour désindexer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git add <fichier>...\" pour marquer comme résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git add/rm <fichier>...\" si nécessaire pour marquer comme "
+"résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rm <fichier>...\" pour marquer comme résolu)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:878
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Modifications qui seront validées :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:887
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Modifications qui ne seront pas validées :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git add <fichier>...\" pour mettre à jour ce qui sera validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git add/rm <fichier>...\" pour mettre à jour ce qui sera "
+"validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git checkout -- <fichier>...\" pour annuler les modifications "
+"dans la copie de travail)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (valider ou annuler le contenu non suivi ou modifié dans les sous-modules)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git %s <fichier>...\" pour inclure dans ce qui sera validé)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "supprimé des deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "ajouté par nous :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "supprimé par eux :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "ajouté par eux :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "supprimé par nous :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "ajouté de deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "modifié des deux côtés :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "bogue : état de non-fusion non géré %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "nouveau fichier :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "copié :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "supprimé :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "modifié :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "renommé :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "modif. type :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "inconnu :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "non fusionné :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "nouveaux commits, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "contenu modifié, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "contenu non suivi, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "bogue : état de diff non géré %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:753
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Sous-modules modifiés mais non mis à jour :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Changements du sous-module à valider :"
+
+#: wt-status.c:835
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"Ne touchez pas à la ligne ci-dessus\n"
+"Tout se qui suit sera éliminé."
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Vous avez des chemins non fusionnés."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Tous les conflits sont réglés mais la fusion n'est pas terminée."
+
+#: wt-status.c:955
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git commit\" pour terminer la fusion)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:965
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Vous êtes au milieu d'une session am."
+
+#: wt-status.c:968
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Le patch actuel est vide."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git am --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:974
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git am --skip\" pour sauter ce patch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git am --abort\" pour restaurer la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1036 wt-status.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en train de rebaser la branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1041 wt-status.c:1058
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en train de rebaser."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1044
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1046
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rebase --skip\" pour sauter ce patch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1048
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git rebase --abort\" pour extraire la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1061
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (tous les conflits sont réglés : lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1065
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train de fractionner un commit pendant un rebasage "
+"de la branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1070
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train de fractionner un commit pendant un rebasage."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1073
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Une fois la copie de travail nettoyée, lancez \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train d'éditer un commit pendant un rebasage de la "
+"branche '%s' sur '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1082
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes actuellement en train d'éditer un commit pendant un rebasage."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1085
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git commit --amend\" pour corriger le commit actuel)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1087
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (utilisez \"git rebase --continue\" quand vous êtes satisfait de vos "
+"modifications)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train de picorer le commit %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1102
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (tous les conflits sont réglés : lancez \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1107
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git cherry-pick --abort\" pour annuler le picorage)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1116
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Vous êtes actuellement en train de rétablir le commit %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1121
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (réglez les conflits puis lancez \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (tous les conflits sont réglés : lancez \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1126
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git revert --abort\" pour annuler le rétablissement)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en cours de bissection, depuis la branche '%s'."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1141
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en cours de bissection."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1144
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (utilisez \"git bisect reset\" pour revenir à la branche d'origine)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1321
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Sur la branche "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1328
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebasage en cours ; sur "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1333
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD détachée sur "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1335
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD détachée depuis "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1338
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Actuellement sur aucun branche."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1355
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Validation initiale"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1369
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Fichiers non suivis"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1371
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"L'énumération des fichiers non suivis a duré %.2f secondes. 'status -uno'\n"
+"peut l'accélérer, mais vous devez alors faire attention à ne pas\n"
+"oublier d'ajouter les nouveaux fichiers par vous-même (voir 'git help "
+"status')."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1381
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Fichiers non suivis non affichés%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1383
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (utilisez -u pour afficher les fichiers non suivis)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1389
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Aucune modification"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1394
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"aucune modification n'a été ajoutée à la validation (utilisez \"git add\" ou "
+"\"git commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1397
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "aucune modification ajoutée à la validation\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"aucune modification ajoutée à la validation mais des fichiers non suivis "
+"sont présents (utilisez \"git add\" pour les suivre)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1403
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr ""
+"aucune modification ajoutée à la validation mais des fichiers non suivis "
+"sont présents\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"rien à valider (créez/copiez des fichiers et utilisez \"git add\" pour les "
+"suivre)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1409 wt-status.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1412
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider (utilisez -u pour afficher les fichiers non suivis)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "rien à valider, la copie de travail est propre\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1525
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (aucune branche)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1531
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Validation initiale sur "
+
+# à priori on parle d'une branche ici
+#: wt-status.c:1563
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "disparue"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1565 wt-status.c:1573
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "derrière "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "échec lors de l'unlink de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<options>] [--] <chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "status de diff inattendu %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:277
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "échec de la mise à jour des fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "suppression de '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Modifications non indexées après rafraîchissement de l'index :"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:785
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en écriture."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Stat de '%s' impossible"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:216
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Patch vide. Abandon."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'appliquer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:231
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Les chemins suivants sont ignorés par un de vos fichiers .gitignore :\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:248 builtin/clean.c:876 builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/mv.c:110
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/push.c:508 builtin/remote.c:1372
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "simuler l'action"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/apply.c:4577 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1322 builtin/count-objects.c:63 builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:1617 builtin/mv.c:109 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "mode verbeux"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:251
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "sélection interactive"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:1126 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "sélection interactive des sections"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "édition du diff actuel et application"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "permettre l'ajout de fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers suivis"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "enregistrer seulement le fait que le chemin sera ajouté plus tard"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "ajouter les modifications de tous les fichiers suivis et non suivis"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:260
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorer les chemins effacés dans la copie de travail (identique à --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:262
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "ne pas ajouter, juste rafraîchir l'index"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+"sauter seulement les fichiers qui ne peuvent pas être ajoutés du fait "
+"d'erreurs"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "vérifier si des fichiers - même manquants - sont ignorés, à vide"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Utilisez -f si vous voulez réellement les ajouter.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:293
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ajout de fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:329
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A et -u sont mutuellement incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:336
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr ""
+"L'option --ignore-missing ne peut être utilisée qu'en complément de --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Rien de spécifié, rien n'a été ajouté.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Vous vouliez sûrement dire 'git add .' ?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:363 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:920
+#: builtin/commit.c:335 builtin/mv.c:130 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:299
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "fichier d'index corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:446 builtin/apply.c:4675 builtin/mv.c:279 builtin/rm.c:431
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "option d'espace non reconnue '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "option d'ignorance d'espace non reconnue '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:822
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de préparer la regexp d'horodatage %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:831
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec a retourné %d pour l'entrée : %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "nom de fichier du patch introuvable à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - /dev/null attendu, %s trouvé à la "
+"ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - nouveau nom de fichier inconsistant "
+"à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - ancien nom de fichier inconsistant "
+"à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply : mauvais format de git-diff - /dev/null attendu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1419
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recomptage : ligne inattendue : %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "fragment de patch sans en-tête à la ligne %d : %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1493
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"information de nom de fichier manquante dans l'en-tête de git diff lors de "
+"la suppression de %d composant de préfixe de chemin (ligne %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"information de nom de fichier manquante dans l'en-tête de git diff lors de "
+"la suppression de %d composants de préfixe de chemin (ligne %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "le nouveau fichier dépend de contenus anciens"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "le fichier supprimé a encore du contenu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch corrompu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "le nouveau fichier %s dépend de contenus anciens"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "le fichier supprimé %s a encore du contenu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** attention : le fichier %s devient vide mais n'est pas supprimé"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "patch binaire corrompu à la ligne %d : %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch binaire non reconnu à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2051
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "patch totalement incompréhensible à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2141
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "lecture du lien symbolique %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "ouverture ou lecture de %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2778
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "début de ligne invalide : '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "La section n°%d a réussi à la ligne %d (offset %d ligne)."
+msgstr[1] "La section n°%d a réussi à la ligne %d (offset %d lignes)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Contexte réduit à (%ld/%ld) pour appliquer le fragment à la ligne %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2915
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"pendant la recherche de :\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "données de patch binaire manquantes pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3036
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "le patch binaire ne s'applique par correctement à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3042
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"le patch binaire sur '%s' crée un résultat incorrect (%s attendu, mais %s "
+"trouvé)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3063
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "le patch a échoué : %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3187
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "extraction de %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3232 builtin/apply.c:3243 builtin/apply.c:3288
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "échec de la lecture de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3240
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "lecture depuis '%s' au-delà d'un lien symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3268 builtin/apply.c:3490
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "le chemin %s a été renommé/supprimé"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3349 builtin/apply.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s : n'existe pas dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3353 builtin/apply.c:3496 builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s : %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3358 builtin/apply.c:3512
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s : ne correspond pas à l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3460
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "le patch de suppression laisse un contenu dans le fichier"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3529
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s : type erroné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3531
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s est de type %o, mais %o attendu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3690 builtin/apply.c:3692
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "chemin invalide '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s : existe déjà dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s : existe déjà dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3770
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "le nouveau mode (%o) de %s ne correspond pas à l'ancien mode (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3775
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr ""
+"le nouveau mode (%o) de %s ne correspond pas à l'ancien mode (%o) de %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "le fichier affecté '%s' est au-delà d'un lien symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s : le patch ne s'applique pas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3813
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Vérification du patch %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3906 builtin/checkout.c:231 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de make_cache_entry pour le chemin '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4049
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "suppression de %s dans l'index impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4078
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "patch corrompu pour le sous-module %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "stat du fichier nouvellement créé '%s' impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+"création du magasin de stockage pour le fichier nouvellement créé %s "
+"impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4090 builtin/apply.c:4198
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "ajout de l'élément de cache %s impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4123
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "fermeture du fichier '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4172
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "écriture du fichier '%s' mode %o impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch %s appliqué proprement."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "erreur interne"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Application du patch %%s avec %d rejet..."
+msgstr[1] "Application du patch %%s avec %d rejets..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4280
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "troncature du nom de fichier .rej en %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Section n°%d appliquée proprement."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4304
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Section n°%d rejetée."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "entrée non reconnue"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "lecture du fichier d'index impossible"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4522 builtin/apply.c:4525 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "chemin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4523
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "ne pas appliquer les modifications qui correspondent au chemin donné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "appliquer les modifications qui correspondent au chemin donné"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "num"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4529
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "supprimer <num> barres obliques des chemins traditionnels de diff"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignorer les additions réalisées par le patch"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, afficher le diffstat de l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher le nombre de lignes ajoutées et supprimées en notation décimale"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, afficher un résumer de l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4542
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "au lieu d'appliquer le patch, voir si le patch est applicable"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4544
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "s'assurer que le patch est applicable sur l'index actuel"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "appliquer les patch sans toucher à la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4548
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "accepter un patch qui touche hors de la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "appliquer aussi le patch (à utiliser avec ---stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4552
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "tenter une fusion à 3 points si le patch ne s'applique pas proprement"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4554
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+"construire un index temporaire fondé sur l'information de l'index embarqué"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556 builtin/checkout-index.c:198 builtin/ls-files.c:412
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "les chemins sont séparés par un caractère NUL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4559
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "s'assurer d'au moins <n> lignes de correspondance de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "action"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4561
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr ""
+"détecter des lignes nouvelles ou modifiées qui contiennent des erreurs "
+"d'espace"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4564 builtin/apply.c:4567
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "ignorer des modifications d'espace lors de la recherche de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "appliquer le patch en sens inverse"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4572
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "ne pas s'attendre à au moins une ligne de contexte"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4574
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "laisser les sections rejetées dans les fichiers *.rej correspondants"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4576
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "accepter les recouvrements de sections"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4579
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr ""
+"tolérer des erreurs de détection de retours chariot manquants en fin de "
+"fichier"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4582
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "ne pas se fier au compte de lignes dans les en-têtes de section"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4584
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "racine"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4585
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "préfixer tous les noms de fichier avec <root>"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4607
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4615
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4618
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached hors d'un dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "ouverture impossible du patch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4651
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "%d erreur d'espace ignorée"
+msgstr[1] "%d erreurs d'espace ignorées"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4657 builtin/apply.c:4667
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d ligne a ajouté des erreurs d'espace."
+msgstr[1] "%d lignes ont ajouté des erreurs d'espace."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "création impossible du fichier d'archive '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "impossible de rediriger la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive : Dépôt distant sans URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive : ACK/NACK attendu, EOF reçu"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive : NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "erreur distante : %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive : erreur de protocole"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive : vidage attendu"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect --helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "effectuer 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "mettre à jour BISECT_HEAD au lieu d'extraire le commit actuel"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [<options>] [<options-de-révision>] [<rev>] [--] fichier"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:35
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<options-de-révision> sont documentés dans git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2500
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr ""
+"Montrer les éléments de blâme au fur et à mesure de leur découverte, de "
+"manière incrémentale"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2501
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Montrer un SHA-1 blanc pour les commits de limite (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2502
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Ne pas traiter les commits racine comme des limites (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2503
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Montrer les statistiques de coût d'activité"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2504
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Montrer le score de sortie pour les éléments de blâme"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2505
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Montrer les noms de fichier originaux (Défaut : auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2506
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Montrer les numéros de lignes originaux (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2507
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Afficher dans un format propice à la consommation par machine"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2508
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Afficher en format porcelaine avec l'information de commit par ligne"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2509
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Utiliser le même mode de sortie que git-annotate (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2510
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher les horodatages bruts (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2511
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher les longs SHA1 de commits (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2512
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Supprimer le nom de l'auteur et l'horodatage (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2513
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Afficher l'e-mail de l'auteur au lieu du nom (Défaut : désactivé)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2514
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignorer les différences d'espace"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2515
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr ""
+"Dépenser des cycles supplémentaires pour trouver une meilleure correspondance"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2516
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr ""
+"Utiliser les révisions du fichier <fichier> au lieu d'appeler git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Utiliser le contenu de <fichier> comme image finale"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518 builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "score"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Trouver les copies de ligne dans et entre les fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Trouver les mouvements de ligne dans et entre les fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+"Traiter seulement l'intervalle de ligne n,m en commençant le compte à 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2601
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "il y a 10 ans et 11 mois"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<options] [-l] [-f] <nom-de-branche> [<point-de-départ>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <nom-de-branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr ""
+"git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<ancienne-branche>] <nouvelle-branche>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"suppression de la branche '%s' qui a été fusionnée dans\n"
+"         '%s', mais pas dans HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"branche '%s' non supprimée car elle n'a pas été fusionnée dans\n"
+"         '%s', même si elle est fusionnée dans HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:170
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rechercher l'objet commit pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:174
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche '%s' n'est pas totalement fusionnée.\n"
+"Si vous êtes sur que vous voulez la supprimer, lancez 'git branch -D %s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:187
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Échec de la mise à jour du fichier de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:215
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "impossible d'utiliser -a avec -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:221
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de rechercher l'objet commit pour HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche '%s' sur laquelle vous êtes."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:245
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "branche distante %s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "branche '%s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la suppression de la branche distante '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la suppression de la branche '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branche distante %s supprimée (précédemment %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Branche %s supprimée (précédemment %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "la branche '%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+# féminin pour une branche
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: disparue]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s : en avance de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[en avance de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s : en avance de %d, en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:483
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[en avance de %d, en retard de %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** référence invalide ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche, rebasage de %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche, bisect a démarré sur %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:596
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD détachée sur %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:599
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD détachée depuis %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:603
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(aucune branche)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "l'objet '%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr "des références n'ont pas pu être lues"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "impossible de renommer la branche actuelle, il n'y en a pas."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nom de branche invalide : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:736
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Échec de renommage de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "Renommage d'un branche mal nommée '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "La branche a été renommée en %s, mais HEAD n'est pas mise à jour !"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:751
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+"La branche est renommée, mais la mise à jour du fichier de configuration a "
+"échoué"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "nom d'objet malformé %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le modèle de description de branche : %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Options génériques"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "afficher le hachage et le sujet, doublé pour la branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "supprimer les messages d'information"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "régler le mode de suivi (voir git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "modifier l'information amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "utiliser la coloration dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "agir sur les branches de suivi distantes"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834 builtin/branch.c:840 builtin/branch.c:861
+#: builtin/branch.c:867 builtin/commit.c:1582 builtin/commit.c:1583
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584 builtin/commit.c:1585 builtin/tag.c:616
+#: builtin/tag.c:622
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835 builtin/branch.c:841
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches qui contiennent le commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:847
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Actions spécifiques à git-branch :"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "afficher à la fois les branches de suivi et les branches locales"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:850
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "supprimer une branche totalement fusionnée"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:851
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "supprimer une branche (même non fusionnée)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:852
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "déplacer/renommer une branche et son reflog"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:853
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "déplacer/renommer une branche, même si la cible existe"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:854
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "afficher les noms des branches"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "créer le reflog de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "éditer la description de la branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:858
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "forcer la création, le déplacement/renommage, ou la suppression"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches non fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:867
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les branches fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:871
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "afficher les branches en colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:884
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de HEAD comme référence valide."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:888 builtin/clone.c:637
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD non trouvée sous refs/heads !"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:910
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column et --verbose sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:921 builtin/branch.c:960
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "le nom de branche est requis"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:936
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de décrire une HEAD détachée"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "impossible d'éditer la description de plus d'une branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Aucun commit sur la branche '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:951
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Aucune branche nommée '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour une opération de renommage"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:971
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour spécifier une branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:975
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de spécifier une branche amont de HEAD par %s qui ne pointe sur "
+"aucune branche."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:978 builtin/branch.c:1000 builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "pas de branche '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "la branche '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "trop de branches pour désactiver un amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:998
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de désactiver une branche amont de HEAD quand elle ne pointe sur "
+"aucune branche."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "La branche '%s' n'a aucune information de branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1018
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "créer manuellement 'HEAD' n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1024
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"les options -a et -r de 'git branch' n'ont pas de sens avec un nom de branche"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1027
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"l'option --set-upstream est obsolète et va disparaître. Utilisez plutôt --"
+"track ou --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Si vous vouliez que '%s' suive '%s', faîtes ceci :\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1045
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s est correct\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "La création d'un colis requiert un dépôt."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Le dépaquetage d'un colis requiert un dépôt."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:326
+msgid "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <objet>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <liste-d-objets>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:364
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<type> peut être : blob, tree, commit ou tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:365
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "afficher le type de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:366
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "afficher la taille de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:368
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "sortir avec un code d'erreur nul quand il n'y a aucune erreur"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:369
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "afficher avec mise en forme le contenu de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:371
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "pour les objets blob, lancer textconv sur le contenu de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:373
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher l'information et le contenu des objets passés en entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:376
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "afficher l'information des objets passés en entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+"git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <liste-de-chemins>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "afficher tous les attributs associés au fichier"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "utiliser .gitattributes seulement depuis l'index"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les noms de fichier depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr ""
+"terminer les enregistrements en entrée et en sortie par un caractère NUL"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/gc.c:274
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "supprimer l'état d'avancement"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "afficher les chemins en entrée qui ne correspondent pas"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "ignorer l'index pendant la vérification"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "impossible de spécifier les chemins avec --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z n'a de sens qu'avec l'option --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "aucun chemin spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet n'est valide qu'avec un seul chemin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "impossible d'avoir --quiet et --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching n'est valide qu'avec --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "lire aussi les contacts depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le contact : %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "aucun contact spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "extraire tous les fichiers présents dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:189
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "forcer l'écrasement des fichiers existants"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:191
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"pas d'avertissement pour les fichiers existants et les fichiers absents de "
+"l'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:193
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "ne pas extraire les nouveaux fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:195
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "mettre à jour l'information de stat dans le fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:201
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "lire la liste des chemins depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "écrire le contenu dans des fichiers temporaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "chaîne"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:205
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "lors de la création de fichiers, préfixer par <chaîne>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:208
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "copier les fichiers depuis l'index nommé"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<options>] <branche>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<options>] [<branche>] -- <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132 builtin/checkout.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas notre version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas leur version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a aucune des versions nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'a pas les versions nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "chemin '%s' : impossible de fusionner"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter le résultat de fusion pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:255
+#: builtin/checkout.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec des mises à jour de chemins"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de mettre à jour les chemins et basculer sur la branche '%s' en "
+"même temps."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:278 builtin/checkout.c:467
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "fichier d'index corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:338 builtin/checkout.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "le chemin '%s' n'est pas fusionné"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:489
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "vous devez d'abord résoudre votre index courant"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un reflog pour '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD est maintenant sur"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Remise à zéro de la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Déjà sur '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement et remise à zéro de la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:669 builtin/checkout.c:1050
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement sur la nouvelle branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Basculement sur la branche '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:723
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... et %d en plus.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:729
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Attention : vous abandonnez %d commit, non connecté à\n"
+"une branche :\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Attention : vous abandonnez %d commits, non connectés à\n"
+"une branche :\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous souhaitez les garder en créant une nouvelle branche, c'est le bon "
+"moment\n"
+"pour le faire avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"git branch <nouvelle-branche> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:777
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "erreur interne lors du parcours des révisions"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:781
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "La position précédente de HEAD était sur"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:808 builtin/checkout.c:1045
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Vous êtes sur une branche qui doit encore naître"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:952
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "une seule référence attendue, %d fournies."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "référence invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1020
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "la référence n'est pas un arbre : %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "impossible d'utiliser des chemins avec un basculement de branches"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062 builtin/checkout.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec un basculement de branches"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' ne peut pas être utilisé avec '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de basculer de branche vers '%s' qui n'est pas un commit"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108 builtin/checkout.c:1110 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:159 builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1109
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "créer et extraire une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "créer/réinitialiser et extraire une branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1112
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "créer un reflog pour une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "détacher la HEAD à la validation nommée"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1114
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "paramétrer les coordonnées de branche amont pour une nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "nouvelle branche sans parent"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1117
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "extraire notre version pour les fichiers non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1119
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "extraire leur version pour les fichiers non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1121
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "forcer l'extraction (laisser tomber les modifications locales)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1122
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "effectuer une fusion à 3 points avec la nouvelle branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1123 builtin/merge.c:227
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers ignorés (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1124 builtin/log.c:1239 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "style"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "style de conflit (fusion ou diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "ne pas limiter les spécificateurs de chemins aux seuls éléments creux"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1130
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "réessayer d'interpréter 'git checkout <branche-inexistante>'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B et --orphan sont mutuellement exclusifs"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1170
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track requiert un nom de branche"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1175
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Nom de branche manquant ; essayez -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1212
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "spécification de chemin invalide"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de mettre à jour les chemins et de basculer sur la branche '%s' "
+"en même temps.\n"
+"Souhaitiez-vous extraire '%s' qui ne peut être résolu comme commit ?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1224
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach n'accepte pas un argument de chemin '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1228
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force et --merge sont incompatibles lors\n"
+"de l'extraction de l'index."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <motif>] [-x | -X] [--] <chemins>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Supprimerait %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ignore le dépôt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Ignorerait le dépôt %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "échec de la suppression de %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Aide en ligne :\n"
+"1           - sélectionner un élément numéroté\n"
+"foo         - sélectionner un élément par un préfixe unique\n"
+"            - (vide) ne rien sélectionner"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:299
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Aide en ligne :\n"
+"1          - sélectionner un seul élément\n"
+"3-5        - sélectionner une plage d'éléments\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - sélectionner plusieurs plages\n"
+"foo        - sélectionner un élément par un préfixe unique\n"
+"-...       - désélectionner les éléments spécifiés\n"
+"*          - choisir tous les éléments\n"
+"           - (vide) terminer la sélection"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:517
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Hein (%s) ?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Entrez les motifs à ignorer>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "ATTENTION : Impossible de trouver les éléments correspondant à : %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Sélectionner les éléments à supprimer"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Supprimer %s [y/N] ? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:783
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Au revoir."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:791
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - démarrer le nettoyage\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclure des éléments par motif\n"
+"select by numbers   - sélectionner les éléments à supprimer par numéros\n"
+"ask each            - confirmer chaque suppression (comme \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - arrêter le nettoyage\n"
+"help                - cet écran\n"
+"?                   - aide pour la sélection en ligne"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Commandes ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:819
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Et maintenant ?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:827
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Supprimerait l'élément suivant :"
+msgstr[1] "Supprimerait les éléments suivants :"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:844
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Plus de fichier à nettoyer, sortie."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les noms des fichiers supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "forcer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:878
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "nettoyage interactif"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "supprimer les répertoires entiers"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:714
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:443 builtin/name-rev.c:311 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "motif"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "ajouter <motif> aux règles ignore"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:883
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "supprimer les fichiers ignorés, aussi"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:885
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "supprimer seulement les fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:903
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x et -X ne peuvent pas être utilisés ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:907
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce positionné à true et ni -i, -n ou -f fourni ; refus de "
+"nettoyer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:910
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce à true par défaut et ni -i, -n ou -f fourni ; refus de "
+"nettoyer"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<options>] [--] <dépôt> [<répertoire>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66 builtin/fetch.c:111 builtin/merge.c:224
+#: builtin/push.c:523
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "forcer l'affichage de l'état d'avancement"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "ne pas créer d'extraction"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/clone.c:71 builtin/init-db.c:496
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "créer un dépôt nu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "créer un dépôt miroir (implique dépôt nu)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "pour cloner depuis un dépôt local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "ne pas utiliser de liens durs locaux, toujours copier"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "régler comme dépôt partagé"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "initialiser les sous-modules dans le clone"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:493
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "répertoire-modèle"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "répertoire depuis lequel les modèles vont être utilisés"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "dépôt de référence"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "nom"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "utiliser <nom> au lieu de 'origin' pour suivre la branche amont"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "extraire <branche> au lieu de la HEAD du répertoire distant"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "chemin vers git-upload-pack sur le serveur distant"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "profondeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "créer un clone superficiel de cette profondeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "cloner seulement une branche, HEAD ou --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "utiliser seulement --reference pour cloner"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100 builtin/init-db.c:502
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101 builtin/init-db.c:503
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "séparer le répertoire git de la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "clé=valeur"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:103
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "régler la configuration dans le nouveau dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "le dépôt de référence '%s' n'est pas un dépôt local."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "le dépôt de référence '%s' est superficiel"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "le dépôt de référence '%s' est greffé"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la création du répertoire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:327 builtin/diff.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "échec du stat de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s existe et n'est pas un répertoire"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "échec du stat de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la création du lien '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:369
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "échec de la copie vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:392 builtin/clone.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "fait.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:404
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le clone a réussi, mais l'extraction a échoué.\n"
+"Vous pouvez inspecter ce qui a été extrait avec 'git status'\n"
+"et réessayer l'extraction avec 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver la branche distante '%s' à cloner."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Vérification de la connectivité... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:564
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "le serveur distant n'a pas envoyé tous les objets nécessaires"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"la HEAD distante réfère à une référence non existante, impossible de "
+"l'extraire.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:659
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "impossible d'extraire la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:746
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "impossible de remballer pour nettoyer"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:748
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "impossible de unlinker le fichier temporaire alternates"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Trop d'arguments."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:782
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Vous devez spécifier un dépôt à cloner."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:793
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "les options --bare et --origin %s sont incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare et --separate-git-dir sont incompatibles."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "le dépôt '%s' n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:815 builtin/fetch.c:1156
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "la profondeur %s n'est pas un entier positif"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:825
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr ""
+"le chemin de destination '%s' existe déjà et n'est pas un répertoire vide."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "la copie de travail '%s' existe déjà."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:850 builtin/clone.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer les répertoires de premier niveau dans '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire de la copie de travail '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonage dans le dépôt nu '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:873
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonage dans '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:898
+msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+msgstr "--dissociate est spécifié, mais --reference est absent"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:913
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--depth est ignoré dans les clones locaux : utilisez plutôt \"file://\"."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:916
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "le dépôt source est superficiel, option --local ignorée"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local est ignoré"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:925
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Je ne sais pas cloner %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:976 builtin/clone.c:984
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "La branche distante %s n'a pas été trouvée dans le dépôt amont %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:987
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Vous semblez avoir cloné un dépôt vide."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "rechercher les variables de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "mise en page à utiliser"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Largeur maximale"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace sur la bordure gauche"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace sur le côté droit"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Remplissage d'espace entre les colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command doit être le premier argument"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:37
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<options>] [--] <spécification-de-chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:42
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<options>] [--] <spécification-de-chemin>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:47
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Votre nom et votre adresse e-mail ont été configurés automatiquement en se\n"
+"fondant sur votre nom d'utilisateur et le nom de votre machine. Veuillez \n"
+"vérifier qu'ils sont corrects. Vous pouvez supprimer ce message en les \n"
+"paramétrant explicitement. Lancez les commandes suivantes et suivez les\n"
+"instruction dans votre éditeur pour éditer votre fichier de configuration :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"Après ceci, vous pouvez corriger l'identité utilisée pour cette validation "
+"avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Votre nom et votre adresse e-mail ont été configurés automatiquement en se "
+"fondant\n"
+"sur votre nom d'utilisateur et le nom de votre machine. Veuillez vérifier "
+"qu'ils sont corrects.\n"
+"Vous pouvez supprimer ce message en les paramétrant explicitement :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Votre Nom\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email vous@exemple.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Après ceci, vous pouvez corriger l'identité utilisée pour ce commit avec :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous avez demandé de corriger le commit le plus récent, mais le faire le "
+"rendrait\n"
+"vide. Vous pouvez répéter votre commande avec --allow-empty, ou vous pouvez\n"
+"supprimer complètement le commit avec \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:77
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le picorage précédent est à présent vide, vraisemblablement dû à une "
+"résolution de conflit.\n"
+"Si vous souhaitez tout de même le valider, utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:84
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Sinon, veuillez utiliser 'git reset'\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:87
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous souhaitez sauter ce commit, utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Puis \"git cherry-pick --continue\" continuera le picorage \n"
+"des commits restants.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:304
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "échec du dépaquetage de l'objet arbre HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:344
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "impossible de créer l'index temporaire"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:350
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "échec de l'ajout interactif"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:361
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:363
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour l'index temporaire"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour l'arbre de cache principal"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:414 builtin/commit.c:463
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:445
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "impossible de faire une validation partielle pendant une fusion."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "impossible de faire une validation partielle pendant un picorage."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:456
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:475
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier d'index temporaire"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "entête d'auteur manquant dans le commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "le commit '%s' a une ligne d'auteur malformée"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:601
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "paramètre --author mal formé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "format de date invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:653
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"impossible de sélectionner un caractère de commentaire\n"
+"qui n'est pas utilisé dans le message de validation actuel"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:690 builtin/commit.c:723 builtin/commit.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "impossible de rechercher le commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:702 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(lecture du message de journal depuis l'entrée standard)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le journal depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le fichier de journal '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "impossible de lire MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:734
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "impossible de lire SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:785
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le modèle de commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Il semble que vous validiez une fusion.\n"
+"Si ce n'est pas le cas, veuillez supprimer le fichier\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"et essayez à nouveau.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Il semble que vous validiez un picorage.\n"
+"Si ce n'est pas le cas, veuillez supprimer le fichier\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"et essayez à nouveau.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez saisir le message de validation pour vos modifications. Les lignes\n"
+"commençant par '%c' seront ignorées, et un message vide abandonne la "
+"validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:828
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez saisir le message de validation pour vos modifications. Les lignes\n"
+"commençant par '%c' seront conservées ; vous pouvez les supprimer vous-même\n"
+"si vous le souhaitez. Un message vide abandonne la validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:848
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sAuteur :     %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:856
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sDate :       %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sValidateur : %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:881
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:938
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Erreur lors de la construction des arbres"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:953 builtin/tag.c:495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Veuillez fournir le message en utilisant l'option -m ou -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author '%s' n'est pas de la forme 'Nom <email>' ni ne correspond à aucun "
+"auteur existant"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070 builtin/commit.c:1310
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Mode de fichier non suivi invalide '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1107
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long et -z sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1137
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "L'utilisation simultanée de --reset-author et --author n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1146
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Il n'y a rien à corriger."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1149
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en pleine fusion -- impossible de corriger (amend)."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1151
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Vous êtes en plein picorage -- impossible de corriger (amend)."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Les options --squash et --fixup ne peuvent pas être utilisées ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Une seule option parmi -c/-C/-F/--fixup peut être utilisée."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "L'option -m ne peut pas être combinée avec -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author ne peut être utilisé qu'avec -C, -c ou --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1191
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Une seule option parmi --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch peut "
+"être utilisée."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1193
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Aucun chemin avec les options --include/--only n'a pas de sens."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1195
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Malin... correction du dernier avec un index sale."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1197
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "Chemins explicites spécifiés sans -i ni -o ; --only supposé..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1209 builtin/tag.c:728
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Mode de nettoyage invalide %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Spécifier des chemins avec l'option -a n'a pas de sens."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1324 builtin/commit.c:1604
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "afficher le statut avec concision"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1326 builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "afficher l'information de branche"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1328 builtin/commit.c:1608 builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "sortie pour traitement automatique"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1331 builtin/commit.c:1610
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "afficher le statut en format long (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1334 builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "terminer les éléments par NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1336 builtin/commit.c:1616 builtin/fast-export.c:980
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:983 builtin/tag.c:603
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "mode"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les fichiers non suivis, \"mode\" facultatif : all (tous), normal, "
+"no. (Défaut : all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers ignorés"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1341 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "quand"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorer les modifications dans les sous-modules, \"quand\" facultatif : all "
+"(tous), dirty (sale), untracked (non suivi). (Défaut : all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1344
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers non suivis en colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "impossible de retrouver le commit nouvellement créé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le commit nouvellement créé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD détachée"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (commit racine)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "supprimer le résumé après une validation réussie"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "afficher les diff dans le modèle de message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1577
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Options du message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578 builtin/tag.c:601
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "lire le message depuis un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "auteur"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "remplacer l'auteur pour la validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580 builtin/gc.c:275
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "date"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "remplacer la date pour la validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581 builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/notes.c:391
+#: builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/tag.c:599
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "message"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "réutiliser et éditer le message du commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "réutiliser le message du commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser un message au format autosquash pour corriger le commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1585
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser un message au format autosquash pour compresser le commit spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+"à présent je suis l'auteur de la validation (utilisé avec -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587 builtin/log.c:1191 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "ajouter une entrée Signed-off-by :"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1588
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de modèle spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1589
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "forcer l'édition du commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "défaut"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590 builtin/tag.c:604
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "comment éliminer les espaces et les commentaires # du message"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "inclure le statut dans le modèle de message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592 builtin/merge.c:225 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/tag.c:605
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "id de clé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1593 builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "signer la validation avec GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Valider les options des contenus"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "valider tous les fichiers modifiés"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "ajouter les fichiers spécifiés à l'index pour la validation"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "ajouter des fichiers en mode interactif"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "ajouter les modifications en mode interactif"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "valider seulement les fichiers spécifiés"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "éviter d'utiliser le crochet pre-commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "afficher ce qui serait validé"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "corriger la validation précédente"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "éviter d'utiliser le crochet post-rewrite"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "accepter d'enregistrer une modification vide"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1622
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "accepter d'enregistrer une modification avec un message vide"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1651
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le commit HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1690 builtin/merge.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s' en lecture"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1697
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Fichier MERGE_HEAD corrompu (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1704
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "impossible de lire MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1723
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire le message de validation : %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1734
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Abandon de la validation ; vous n'avez pas édité le message\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1739
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Abandon de la validation du à un message de validation vide\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1754 builtin/merge.c:851 builtin/merge.c:876
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "échec de l'écriture de l'objet commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1787
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Le dépôt a été mis à jour, mais impossible d'écrire le fichier\n"
+"new_index. Vérifiez que le disque n'est pas plein ou que le quota\n"
+"n'a pas été dépassé, puis lancez \"git reset HEAD\" pour réparer."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Emplacement du fichier de configuration"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "utiliser les fichier de configuration global"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de configuration du système"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de configuration du dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "utiliser le fichier de configuration spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "lire la configuration depuis l'objet blob fourni"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Action"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtenir la valeur : nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtenir toutes le valeurs : clé [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "obtenir les valeur pour la regexp : regex-de-nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "obtenir la valeur spécifique pour l'URL : section[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+"remplacer toutes les variables correspondant : nom valeur [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "ajouter une nouvelle variable : nom valeur"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "supprimer une variable : nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "supprimer toutes les correspondances nom [regex-de-valeur]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "renommer une section : ancien-nom nouveau-nom"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "supprimer une section : nom"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "afficher tout"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "ouvrir un éditeur"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "trouver la couleur configurée : slot [par défaut]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "trouver le réglage de la couleur : slot [stdout-est-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Type"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "la valeur est \"true\" (vrai) ou \"false\" (faux)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "la valeur est un nombre décimal"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "la valeur est --bool ou --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "la valeur est un chemin (vers un fichier ou un répertoire)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Autre"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminer les valeurs avec un caractère NUL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "respecter les directives d'inclusion lors de la recherche"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:316
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "impossible de lire la valeur de couleur par défaut"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:457
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Ceci est le fichier de configuration personnel.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Veuillez adapter et décommenter les lignes suivantes :\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:589
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "création impossible du fichier de configuration '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:55
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:65
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "affiche les tailles dans un format humainement lisible"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<options>] <commit ou apparenté>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "l'étiquette annotée %s n'est pas disponible"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "l'étiquette annotée %s n'a pas de nom embarqué"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "l'étiquette '%s' est en fait '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:452
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "%s n'est pas un nom d'objet valide"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s n'est pas un objet '%s' valide"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "aucune étiquette ne correspond parfaitement à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "recherche de la description de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "recherche terminée à %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucune étiquette annotée ne peut décrire '%s'.\n"
+"Cependant, il existe des étiquettes non-annotées : essayez avec --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucune étiquette ne peut décrire '%s'.\n"
+"Essayez --always, ou créez des étiquettes."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "%lu commits parcourus\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"plus de %i étiquettes ont été trouvées; seules les %i plus récentes sont "
+"affichées\n"
+"abandon de la recherche à %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "rechercher l'étiquette qui suit le commit"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "déboguer la stratégie de recherche sur stderr"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "utiliser n'importe quelle référence"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "utiliser n'importe quelle étiquette, même non-annotée"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "toujours utiliser le format long"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "ne suivre que le premier parent"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "n'afficher que les correspondances exactes"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr ""
+"considérer uniquement les <n> étiquettes le plus récentes (défaut : 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "ne considérer que les étiquettes correspondant à <motif>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "afficher les objets commits abrégés en dernier recours"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "marque"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "ajouter <marque> si la copie de travail est sale (défaut : \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long et --abbrev=0 sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "aucun nom trouvé, impossible de décrire quoi que ce soit."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty est incompatible avec la spécification de commits ou assimilés"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s' : n'est pas un fichier régulier ni un lien symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "option invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:358
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Ce n'est pas un dépôt git !"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "objet spécifié '%s' invalide."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "plus de deux blobs spécifiés : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:417
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "objet non géré '%s' spécifié."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:24
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [options-de-liste-de-révisions]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:979
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "afficher la progression après <n> objets"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:981
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "sélectionner la gestion des étiquettes signées"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr ""
+"sélectionner la gestion des étiquettes qui pointent sur des objets filtrés"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:987
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Enregistrer les marques dans ce fichier"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "importer les marques depuis ce fichier"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:991
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "falsifier un auteur d'étiquette si l'étiquette n'en présente pas"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:993
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Afficher l'arbre complet pour chaque commit"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:995
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Utiliser la fonction \"done\" pour terminer le flux"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Sauter l'affichage de données de blob"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "spécificateur de référence"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Appliquer le spécificateur de référence aux références exportées"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "anonymise la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:19
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<options>] [<dépôt> [<spécification-de-référence>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<options>] <groupe>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<dépôt> | <groupe>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "récupérer depuis tous le dépôts distants"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:91
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "ajouter à .git/FETCH_HEAD au lieu de l'écraser"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "chemin vers lequel télécharger le paquet sur le poste distant"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "forcer l'écrasement de la branche locale"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "récupérer depuis plusieurs dépôts distants"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "récupérer toutes les étiquettes et leurs objets associés"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "ne pas récupérer toutes les étiquettes (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+"éliminer les branches de suivi distant si la branche n'existe plus dans le "
+"dépôt distant"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "à la demande"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:104
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "contrôler la récupération récursive dans les sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "conserver le paquet téléchargé"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:110
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "permettre la mise à jour de la référence HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "approfondir l'historique d'un clone superficiel"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "convertir en un dépôt complet"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "dir"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "préfixer ceci à la sortie du chemin du sous-module"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:121
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "mode par défaut pour la récursion"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "accepter les références qui mettent à jour .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:124
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "correspondance de référence"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:125
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "spécifier une correspondance de référence pour la récupération"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "impossible de trouver la référence HEAD distante"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "objet %s non trouvé"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:460
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[à jour]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (impossible de récupérer la branche actuelle)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:475 builtin/fetch.c:561
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[rejeté]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[mise à jour de l'étiquette]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488 builtin/fetch.c:523 builtin/fetch.c:541
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (impossible de mettre à jour la référence locale)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:506
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[nouvelle étiquette]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:509
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[nouvelle branche]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:512
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[nouvelle référence]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour la référence locale"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "mise à jour forcée"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:563
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(pas d'avance rapide)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:596 builtin/fetch.c:829
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s : %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:605
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s n'a pas envoyé tous les objets nécessaires\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr ""
+"%s rejeté parce que les racines superficielles ne sont pas mises à jour"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:711 builtin/fetch.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Depuis %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:722
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"des références locales n'ont pas pu être mises à jour ; essayez de lancer\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' pour supprimer des branches anciennes en conflit"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:774
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s sera en suspens)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:775
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s est devenu en suspens)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:799
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[supprimé]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:800 builtin/remote.c:1060
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(aucun(e))"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Refus de récupérer dans la branche courant %s d'un dépôt non nu"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:838
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "La valeur \"%2$s\" de l'option \"%1$s\" est invalide pour %3$s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "L'option \"%s\" est ignorée pour %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Je ne sais pas récupérer depuis %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1059
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Récupération de %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1061 builtin/remote.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de récupérer %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1079
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun dépôt distant spécifié. Veuillez spécifier une URL ou un nom\n"
+"distant depuis lesquels les nouvelles révisions devraient être récupérées."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Vous devez spécifier un nom d'étiquette."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1144
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth et --unshallow ne peuvent pas être utilisés ensemble"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1146
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow sur un dépôt complet n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1169
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all n'accepte pas d'argument de dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1171
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all n'a pas de sens avec des spécifications de référence"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "distant ou groupe distant inexistant : %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1190
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+"La récupération d'un groupe et les spécifications de référence n'ont pas de "
+"sens"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <fichier>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:665 builtin/grep.c:698
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657 builtin/show-ref.c:178 builtin/tag.c:590
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "peupler le journal avec au plus <n> éléments depuis le journal court"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "alias pour --log (obsolète)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "texte"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "utiliser <texte> comme début de message"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "fichier d'où lire"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:675
+msgid "unable to parse format"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser le format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1063
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<motif>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1078
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour les interpréteurs de commandes"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1080
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1082
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1084
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "échapper les champs réservés pour compatibilité avec Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1087
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "n'afficher que <n> références correspondant"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088 builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "format à utiliser pour la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1089
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "clé"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1090
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "nom du champ servant à trier"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:147 builtin/prune.c:137
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Vérification de la connectivité"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:540
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Vérification des répertoires d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:603
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<options>] [<objet>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:609
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "afficher les objets inaccessibles"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:610
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "afficher les objets en suspens"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:611
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "afficher les étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:612
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "signaler les nœuds racines"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "considérer les objets de l'index comme nœuds tête"
+
+# translated from man page
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "considérer les reflogs comme nœuds tête (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "inspecter aussi les objets pack et alternatifs"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "activer une vérification plus strict"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "écrire les objets en suspens dans .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619 builtin/prune.c:108
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "afficher la progression"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:669
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Vérification des objets"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:24
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+msgstr "gc.pruneexpire invalide : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "objet répertoire démentiellement long %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:276
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "éliminer les objets non référencés"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:278
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "être plus consciencieux (durée de traitement allongée)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:279
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "activer le mode auto-gc"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:280
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr ""
+"forcer le lancement du ramasse-miettes même si un autre ramasse-miettes "
+"tourne déjà"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Compression automatique du dépôt en tâche de fond pour optimiser les "
+"performances.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:323
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Compression du dépôt pour optimiser les performances.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Voir \"git help gc\" pour toute information sur le nettoyage manuel.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:342
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"un ramasse-miettes est déjà en cours sur la machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> "
+"(utilisez --force si ce n'est pas le cas)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:364
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a trop d'objets seuls inaccessibles ; lancez 'git prune' pour les "
+"supprimer."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<options>] [-e] <motif> [<révision>...] [[--] <chemin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep : échec de création du fil: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:441 builtin/grep.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'arbre (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "impossible de faire un grep sur un objet de type %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:547
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "l'option '%c' attend un valeur numérique"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:638
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "rechercher dans l'index plutôt que dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:640
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "rechercher dans les contenus non gérés par git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "rechercher dans les fichiers suivis et non-suivis"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "ignorer les fichiers spécifiés via '.gitignore'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "afficher les lignes qui ne correspondent pas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "correspondance insensible à la casse"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "rechercher les motifs aux séparateurs de mots"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "traiter les fichiers binaires comme texte"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "ne pas chercher les motifs dans les fichiers binaires"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "traiter les fichiers binaires avec les filtres textconv"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "descendre au plus de <profondeur> dans l'arborescence"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "utiliser des expressions régulières étendues POSIX"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "utiliser des expressions régulières basiques POSIX (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "interpréter les motifs comme de chaînes fixes"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "utiliser des expressions régulières compatibles avec Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "afficher les numéros de ligne"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "ne pas pas afficher les noms de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "afficher les noms de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "afficher les noms de fichiers relativement au répertoire de base"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "n'afficher que les noms de fichiers au lieu des lignes correspondant"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "synonyme pour --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "n'afficher que les noms des fichiers sans correspondance"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "imprimer une caractère NUL après le noms de fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "afficher le nombre de correspondances au lieu des lignes correspondant"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "mettre en évidence les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+"imprimer une ligne vide entre les correspondances de fichiers différents"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher le nom de fichier une fois au dessus des correspondances du même "
+"fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "afficher <n> lignes de contexte avant et après les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "afficher <n> lignes de contexte avant les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "afficher <n> lignes de contexte après les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "raccourci pour -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher une ligne avec le nom de la fonction avant les correspondances"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "afficher la fonction contenante"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "lire les motifs depuis fichier"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "rechercher <motif>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "combiner les motifs spécifiés par -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:729
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr ""
+"indiquer des correspondances avec le code de sortie mais sans rien afficher"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+"n'afficher que les correspondances de fichiers qui correspondent à tous les "
+"motifs"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "afficher l'arbre d'analyse pour le motif grep"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "pagineur"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers correspondant dans le pagineur"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "permettre l'appel de grep(1) (ignoré par ce build)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "afficher l'usage"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:808
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "aucun motif fourni."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager ne fonctionne que sur la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:892
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached ou --untracked ne peuvent pas être utilisés avec --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+"--no-index ou --untracked ne peuvent pas être utilisés avec des révisions."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:900
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+"--[no-]exclude-standard ne peut pas être utilisé avec du contenu suivi."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:908
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "--cached et des arbres sont fournis en même temps."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<fichier> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:83
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <liste-de-chemins>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94 builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "type"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "type d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:95
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "écrire l'objet dans la base de donnée d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "lire l'objet depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "stocker le fichier tel quel sans filtrage"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"juste hasher n'importe quel contenu pour créer des objets corrompus pour "
+"debugger Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:101
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "traiter le fichier comme s'il venait de ce chemin"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "afficher toutes les commandes disponibles"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "afficher une liste de guides utiles"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "afficher la page de manuel"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "afficher le manuel dans un navigateur web"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "afficher la page info"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<commande>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "format d'aide non reconnu '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "échec de démarrage d'emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "échec d'analyse de la version d'emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "la version d'emacsclient '%d' est trop ancienne (<22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:158 builtin/help.c:167 builtin/help.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "échec de l'exécution de '%s' : %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' : chemin pour l'utilitaire de visualisation de manuel non supporté.\n"
+"Veuillez utiliser plutôt 'man.<outil>.cmd'."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' : chemin pour l'utilitaire de visualisation de manuel supporté.\n"
+"Veuillez utiliser plutôt 'man.<outil>.cmd'."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s' : visualiseur de manuel inconnu."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:371
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "aucun visualiseur de manuel n'a pris en charge la demande"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:379
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "aucun visualiseur de 'info' n'a pris en charge la demande"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Définition des attributs par chemin"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:429
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Git de tous les jours avec à peu près 20 commandes"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:430
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Un glossaire Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:431
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Spécifie les fichiers non-suivis à ignorer intentionnellement"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Définition des propriétés de sous-module"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:433
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Spécification des révisions et portées pour Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:434
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr ""
+"Une introduction pratique à Git (pour les versions 1.5.1 et supérieures)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:435
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Un aperçu des flux de travail recommandés avec Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:447
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Les guides Git populaires sont : \n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:468 builtin/help.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "usage : %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "`git %s\" est un alias de `%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "type d'objet non correspondant à %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "objet attendu non reçu %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "objet %s : type attendu %s, reçu %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "impossible de remplir %d octet"
+msgstr[1] "impossible de remplir %d octets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:275
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "fin de fichier prématurée"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:276
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "erreur de lecture sur l'entrée"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:288
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "plus d'octets utilisés que disponibles"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "le paquet est trop grand pour la définition actuelle de off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir le fichier paquet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:330
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "la signature du paquet ne correspond pas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "la version de paquet %<PRIu32> non supportée"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "le paquet a un mauvais objet à l'offset %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "la décompression (inflate) a retourné %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:520
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "dépassement de la valeur d'offset pour l'objet delta de base"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:528
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "l'objet delta de base est hors limite"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "type d'objet inconnu %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:567
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "impossible de lire (pread) le fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "fin prématurée du fichier paquet, %lu octet lu"
+msgstr[1] "fin prématurée du fichier paquet, %lu octets lus"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:595
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "grave incohérence dans la décompression (inflate)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:686 builtin/index-pack.c:692 builtin/index-pack.c:715
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "COLLISION SHA1 TROUVÉE AVEC %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:689 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "impossible de lire l'objet existant %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "objet blob invalide %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:783
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "%s invalide"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:787
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Erreur dans l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Tous les objets enfants de %s ne sont pas accessibles"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:861 builtin/index-pack.c:890
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "échec d'application du delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Réception d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Indexation d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1081
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "le paquet est corrompu (SHA1 ne correspond pas)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1086
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "impossible d'obtenir le statut (fstat) du fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1089
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "le paquet est invalide à la fin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1100
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "confusion extrême dans parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1123
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Résolution des deltas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1133
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le fil : %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1175
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "confusion extrême"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "complété avec %d objets locaux"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr ""
+"Somme de contrôle de fin inattendue pour %s (corruption sur le disque ?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1195
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "le paquet a %d delta non résolu"
+msgstr[1] "le paquet a %d deltas non résolus"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "impossible de compresser l'objet ajouté (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "l'objet local %s est corrompu"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1322
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "erreur en fermeture du fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier \"keep\" '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1343
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de fermer le fichier \"keep\" '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1356
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "impossible de stocker le fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "impossible de stocker le fichier d'index"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "mauvais pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "nombre de fils spécifié invalide (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1410 builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "pas de support des fils, ignore %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir le fichier paquet existant '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir le fichier paquet d'index existant pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "pas un delta : %d objet"
+msgstr[1] "pas un delta : %d objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "longueur chaînée = %d : %lu objet"
+msgstr[1] "longueur chaînée = %d : %lu objets"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1553
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Impossible de revenir au répertoire de travail courant"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1601 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1616 builtin/index-pack.c:1620
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "mauvais %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1634
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin ne peut pas être utilisé sans --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638 builtin/index-pack.c:1647
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "le nom de fichier paquet '%s' ne se termine pas par '.pack'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1655
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify sans nom de fichier paquet donné"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Impossible de rendre %s inscriptible pour le groupe"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr "nom de modèle démentiellement long %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de faire un stat de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de faire un stat du modèle '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir (opendir) '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de readlink '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr "lien symbolique démentiellement long %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer un lien symbolique de '%s' '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de copier '%s' vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "modèle %s ignoré"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr "chemin de modèle %s démentiellement long"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "modèles non trouvés %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"pas de copie des modèles étant dans une mauvaise version du format %d de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr "répertoire git démentiel %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:331 builtin/init-db.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s existe déjà"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "impossible de traiter le fichier de type %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "impossible de déplacer %s vers %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:426
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "Dépôt Git%2$s %1$s dans %3$s%4$s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "existant réinitialisé"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "vide initialisé"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:428
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " partagé"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<répertoire-modèle>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<répertoire>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:498
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "permissions"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:499
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "spécifier que le dépôt git sera partagé entre plusieurs utilisateurs"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:501 builtin/prune-packed.c:57 builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "être silencieux"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533 builtin/init-db.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le répertoire (mkdir) %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "impossible de se déplacer vers le répertoire (chdir) %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:563
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (ou --work-tree=<répertoire>) n'est pas autorisé sans spécifier %s (ou --"
+"git-dir=<répertoire>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'accéder à l'arbre de travail '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] "
+"[<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer "
+"<symbole>[(=|:)<valeur>])...] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:25
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "éliminer les lignes de fin vides"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "ligne de fin"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "ligne(s) de fin à ajouter"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<options>] [<plage de révisions>] [[--] <chemin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<options>] <objet>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "option --decorate invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "supprimer la sortie des différences"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "afficher la source"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:129
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Utiliser le fichier de correspondance de mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:130
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "décorer les options"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:133
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+"Traiter seulement l'intervalle de lignes n,m du fichier en commençant le "
+"compte à 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Sortie finale : %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s : fichier incorrect"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:472 builtin/log.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'objet %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Type inconnu : %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:689
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers sans valeur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:773
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "le nom du répertoire de sortie est trop long"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ouvrir le fichier correctif %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:803
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Exactement une plage nécessaire."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:811
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Ceci n'est pas une plage."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:919
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "La lettre de motivation doit être au format e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "in-reply-to aberrant : %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1026
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<options>] [<depuis> | <plage de révisions>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1071
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Deux répertoires de sortie ?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "utiliser [PATCH n/m] même avec un patch unique"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "utiliser [PATCH] même avec des patchs multiples"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "afficher les patchs sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1195
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "générer une lettre de motivation"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser une séquence simple de nombres pour les nom des fichiers de sortie"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sfx"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "utiliser <sfx> au lieu de '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1201
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "démarrer la numérotation des patchs à <n> au lieu de 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "marquer la série comme une Nième réédition"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "utiliser [<préfixe>] au lieu de [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "stocker les fichiers résultats dans <répertoire>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "ne pas retirer/ajouter [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "ne pas imprimer les diffs binaires"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "ne pas inclure un patch correspondant à un commit amont"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1218
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "afficher le format du patch au lieu du défaut (patch + stat)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Communication"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "en-tête"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "ajouter l'en-tête d'e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223 builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "ajouter l'en-tête \"To:\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "ajouter l'en-tête \"Cc:\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1227
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1228
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"renseigner l'adresse From à <ident> (ou à l'ident du validateur si absent)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1230
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "id-message"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "répondre dans le premier message à <id-message>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232 builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "limite"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "attacher le patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "patch à l'intérieur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1240
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr ""
+"activer l'enfilage de message, styles : shallow (superficiel), deep (profond)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1242
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "signature"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1243
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "ajouter une signature"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1245
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "ajouter une signature depuis un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1246
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les noms de fichiers des patchs"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "ligne d'identification invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1335
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n et -k sont mutuellement exclusifs."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1337
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix et -k sont mutuellement exclusifs."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1345
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1347
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1349
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check n'a pas de sens"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1372
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "sortie standard, ou répertoire, lequel ?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1374
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1472
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "lecture du fichier de signature '%s' impossible"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1535
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Échec de création des fichiers en sortie"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1583
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<branche_amont> [<head> [<limite>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1638
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de trouver une branche distante suivie, merci de spécifier "
+"<branche_amont> manuellement.\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1651 builtin/log.c:1653 builtin/log.c:1665
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Commit inconnu %s"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:358
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<options>] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:415
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "identifier le statut de fichier avec les étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:417
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "utiliser des minuscules pour les fichier 'assumés inchangés'"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:419
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers mis en cache dans la sortie (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:421
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers supprimés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:423
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers modifiés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les autres fichiers dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers ignorés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:430
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les nom des objets indexés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:432
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les fichiers du système de fichiers qui ont besoin d'être supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:434
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les noms des répertoires 'other'"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les répertoires vides"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:440
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "afficher les fichiers non fusionnés dans la sortie"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "afficher l'information resolv-undo"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "sauter les fichiers correspondant au motif"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:447
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "les motifs d'exclusion sont lus depuis <fichier>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "lire des motifs d'exclusion additionnels par répertoire dans <fichier>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:452
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "ajouter les exclusions git standard"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "afficher en relatif par rapport au répertoire racine du projet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:458
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "si un <fichier> n'est pas dans l'index, traiter cela comme une erreur"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "arbre ou apparenté"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"considérer que les chemins supprimés depuis <arbre ou apparenté> sont "
+"toujours présents"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "afficher les données de débogage"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<options>] <arbre ou apparenté> [<chemin>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les arbres"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "parcourir les sous-arbres"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:131
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "afficher les arbres en les parcourant"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminer les éléments avec un octet NUL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "inclure la taille d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:137 builtin/ls-tree.c:139
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les noms de fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "utiliser les noms de chemins complets"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:144
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher l'arbre entier ; pas seulement le répertoire courant (implique --"
+"full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<options>] <message> HEAD <commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:100
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "le commutateur `m' a besoin d'une valeur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver la stratégie de fusion '%s'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Les stratégies disponibles sont :"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Les stratégies personnalisées sont :"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:193
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher un diffstat à la fin de la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "afficher un diffstat à la fin de la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(synonyme de --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:199
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"ajouter (au plus <n>) éléments du journal court au message de validation de "
+"la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "créer une validation unique au lieu de faire une fusion"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "effectuer une validation si la fusion réussit (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "éditer le message avant la validation"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "autoriser l'avance rapide (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "abandonner si l'avance rapide n'est pas possible"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Vérifier que la validation a une signature GPG valide"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214 builtin/notes.c:753 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "stratégie"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "stratégie de fusion à utiliser"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "option=valeur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "option pour la stratégie de fusion sélectionnée"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+"message de validation de la fusion (pour une fusion sans avance rapide)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:223
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "abandonner la fusion en cours"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:251
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "impossible de lancer le remisage."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:256
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "échec du remisage"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "pas un objet valide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:280 builtin/merge.c:297
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:327
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (rien à compresser)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Validation compressée -- HEAD non mise à jour\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:372
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Écriture de SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:374
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Finition de SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Pas de message de fusion -- pas de mise à jour de HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:447
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' ne pointe pas sur un commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:559
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Mauvaise chaîne branch.%s.mergeoptions : %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:654
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree a échoué à écrire un arbre"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:678
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Impossible de gérer autre chose que la fusion de deux têtes."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:692
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Options inconnue pour merge-recursive : -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:705
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire depuis '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de validation de la fusion ; utilisez 'git commit' pour terminer la "
+"fusion.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez entrer un message de validation pour expliquer en quoi cette fusion "
+"est\n"
+"nécessaire, surtout si cela fusionne une branche amont mise à jour dans une "
+"branche de sujet.\n"
+"\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront ignorées, et un message vide\n"
+"abandonne la validation.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:833
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Message de validation vide."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Merveilleux.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La fusion automatique a échoué ; réglez les conflits et validez le "
+"résultat.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas une validation"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:957
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Pas de branche courante."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:959
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Pas de branche distante pour la branche courante."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Pas de branche amont par défaut définie pour la branche courante."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:966
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Pas de branche de suivi pour %s depuis %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1122
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Il n'y a pas de fusion à abandonner (MERGE_HEAD manquant)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1138
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'avez pas terminé votre fusion (MERGE_HEAD existe).\n"
+"Veuillez valider vos modifications avant de pouvoir fusionner."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas terminé votre fusion (MERGE_HEAD existe)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'avez pas terminé votre picorage (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existe).\n"
+"Veuillez valider vos modifications avant de pouvoir fusionner."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas terminé votre picorage (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD existe)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Vous ne pouvez pas combiner --squash avec --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de validation spécifiée et merge.defaultToUpstream n'est pas défini."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1198
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Possible de fusionner exactement une seule validation dans une tête vide"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1201
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "La validation compressée vers une tête vide n'est pas encore supportée"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1203
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "Une validation sans avance rapide n'a pas de sens dans une tête vide"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - pas possible de fusionner ceci"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "La validation %s a une signature GPG non fiable, prétendument par %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "La validation %s a une mauvaise signature GPG prétendument par %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "La validation %s n'a pas de signature GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "La validation %s a une signature GPG correcte par %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1349
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Mise à jour %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1388
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Essai de fusion vraiment triviale dans l'index...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Non.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1427
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Pas possible d'avancer rapidement, abandon."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1450 builtin/merge.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Retour de l'arbre à l'original...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1454
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Essai de la stratégie de fusion %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1520
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Aucune stratégie de fusion n'a pris en charge la fusion.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "La fusion avec la stratégie %s a échoué.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Utilisation de %s pour préparer la résolution à la main.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La fusion automatique a réussi ; stoppée avant la validation comme demandé\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <validation>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <validation> <validation>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <référence> [<validation>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "afficher tous les ancêtres communs"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "trouver les ancêtres pour une fusion simple à n points"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "afficher les révisions inaccessibles depuis les autres"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "est le premier ancêtre de l'autre ?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "trouver où <validation> a divergé du reflog de <référence>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <nom1> [-L <orig> [-L <nom2>]]] <fichier1> "
+"<fichier-orig> <fichier2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "envoyer les résultats sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "utiliser une fusion basée sur diff3"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser notre version (our)"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser leur version (their)"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser l'ensemble des versions"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "pour les conflits, utiliser cette taille de marqueur"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "ne pas avertir à propos des conflits"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "définir les labels pour fichier1/fichier-orig/fichier2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:64
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:150
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "l'entrée se termine par NUL"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:151 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "autoriser les objets manquants"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "autoriser la création de plus d'un arbre"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Le répertoire %s est dans l'index et pourtant aucun sous-module ?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:71
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez indexer vos modifications de .gitmodules ou les remiser pour "
+"continuer"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s est dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:111
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "forcer le déplacement/renommage même si la cible existe"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "sauter les erreurs de déplacement/renommage"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "la destination '%s' n'est pas un répertoire"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Vérification du renommage de '%s' en '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:166
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "mauvaise source"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:169
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "impossible de déplacer un répertoire dans lui-même"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:172
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "impossible de déplacer un répertoire sur un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "le répertoire source est vide"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:206
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "pas sous le contrôle de version"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:209
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "la destination existe"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "écrasement de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:220
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écraser"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:223
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "multiples sources pour la même destination"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:225
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "le répertoire de destination n'existe pas"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Renommage de %s en %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:256 builtin/remote.c:728 builtin/repack.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "le renommage de '%s' a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:255
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<options>] <validation>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:256
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:257
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:309
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les noms (pas de SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:310
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "utiliser seulement les étiquettes pour nommer les validations"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "utiliser seulement les références correspondant à <motif>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher toutes les validations accessibles depuis toutes les références"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "lire depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "autoriser l'affichage des noms `non définis` (par défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "déréférencer les étiquettes en entrée (usage interne)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] [list [<object>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références-notes>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <message> "
+"| -F <fichier> | (-c | -C) <objet>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références-notes>] copy [-f] <depuis-objet> <vers-objet>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références-notes>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <message> | -"
+"F <fichier> | (-c | -C) <objet>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] edit [--allow-empty] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] show [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <références-notes>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <stratégie> ] "
+"<références-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] remove [<objet>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <références-notes>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<objet>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<options>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<options>] <depuis-objet> <vers-objet>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<depuis-objet> <vers-objet>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<options>] [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<options>] <références-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<objet>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de démarrer 'show' pour l'objet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:150
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "impossible de lire la sortie de 'show'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de finir 'show' pour l'objet '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:173 builtin/tag.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de créer le fichier '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:192
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Veuillez fournir le contenu de la note en utilisant l'option -m ou -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:201
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire l'objet note"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Le contenu de la note a été laissé dans %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:231 builtin/tag.c:693
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de lire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:233 builtin/tag.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible d'ouvrir ou lire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/notes.c:303 builtin/notes.c:305
+#: builtin/notes.c:365 builtin/notes.c:420 builtin/notes.c:506
+#: builtin/notes.c:511 builtin/notes.c:589 builtin/notes.c:652
+#: builtin/notes.c:854 builtin/tag.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Impossible de résoudre '%s' comme une référence valide."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible de lire l'objet '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible de lire les informations de note d'un objet non-blob '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Ligne en entrée malformée : '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de copier les notes de '%s' vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:358 builtin/notes.c:413 builtin/notes.c:489
+#: builtin/notes.c:501 builtin/notes.c:577 builtin/notes.c:645
+#: builtin/notes.c:919
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "trop de paramètres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Pas de note trouvée pour l'objet %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:392 builtin/notes.c:555
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "contenu de la note sous forme de chaîne"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:395 builtin/notes.c:558
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "contenu de la note dans un fichier"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:397 builtin/notes.c:400 builtin/notes.c:560
+#: builtin/notes.c:563 builtin/tag.c:628
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "objet"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "réutiliser et éditer l'objet de note spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:401 builtin/notes.c:564
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "réutiliser l'objet de note spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:567
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "permettre de stocker une note vide"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:476
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "remplacer les notes existantes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:430
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'ajouter des notes. Des notes ont été trouvées pour l'objet %s. "
+"Utilisez '-f' pour écraser les notes existantes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:524
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Écrasement des notes existantes pour l'objet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:617 builtin/notes.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Suppression de la note pour l'objet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:477
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les objets depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:479
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+"charger la configuration de réécriture pour <commande> (implique --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:497
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "pas assez de paramètres"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de copier des notes. Des notes ont été trouvées pour l'objet %s. "
+"Utilisez '-f' pour écraser les notes existantes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Notes manquantes sur l'objet source %s. Impossible de copier."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Les options -m/-F/-c/-C sont obsolètes pour la sous-commande 'edit'.\n"
+"Veuillez utiliser 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' à la place.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:750
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Options générales"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:752
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Options de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:754
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"résoudre les conflits de notes en utilisant la stratégie donnée (manual/ours/"
+"theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:756
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Validation des notes non fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:758
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "finaliser la fusion de notes en validant les notes non fusionnées"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:760
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Abandon de la résolution de fusion des notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:762
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "abandonner la fusion de notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "L'objet %s n'a pas de note\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr ""
+"la tentative de suppression d'une note non existante n'est pas une erreur"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:872
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "lire les noms d'objet depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:953
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "références-notes"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:954
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "utiliser les notes depuis <références-notes>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:989 builtin/remote.c:1621
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Sous-commande inconnue : %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< liste-références | < liste-objets]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< liste-références | < liste-objets]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "erreur de compression (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:771
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Écriture des objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1013
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+"désactivation de l'écriture en bitmap car certains objets ne sont pas "
+"compressés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2173
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Compression des objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2570
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "version d'index non supportée %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2574
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "mauvaise version d'index '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "l'option %s n'accepte pas de valeur négative"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr "impossible d'analyser la valeur '%s' pour l'option %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher la barre de progression"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "afficher la barre de progression"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "afficher la barre de progression durant la phase d'écrite des objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2628
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "similaire à --all-progress quand la barre de progression est affichée"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "version[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2630
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+"écrire le fichier d'index du paquet dans le format d'index de version "
+"spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "taille maximum de chaque fichier paquet en sortie"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2635
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "ignorer les objets empruntés à un autre magasin d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2637
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignorer les objets empaquetés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "limiter la fenêtre d'empaquetage par objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2641
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+"limiter la fenêtre d'empaquetage par mémoire en plus de la limite d'objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2643
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+"longueur maximum de la chaîne de delta autorisée dans le paquet résultant"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "réutiliser les deltas existants"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "réutiliser les objets existants"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "utiliser les objets OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser des fils lors de la recherche pour une meilleurs correspondance des "
+"deltas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2653
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "ne pas créer un paquet vide"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2655
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "lire les paramètres de révision depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2657
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "limiter les objets à ceux qui ne sont pas encore empaquetés"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "inclure les objets accessibles depuis toute référence"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2663
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "inclure les objets référencés par les éléments de reflog"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "inclure les objets référencés par l'index"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2669
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "afficher l'empaquetage sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2671
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "inclure les objets d'étiquettes qui réfèrent à des objets à empaqueter"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2673
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "garder les objets inaccessibles"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2674 parse-options.h:140
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "heure"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2675
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "dépaqueter les objets inaccessibles plus récents que <heure>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2678
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "créer des paquets légers"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2680
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "créer des paquets permettant des récupérations superficielles"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2682
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignorer les paquets qui ont un fichier .keep"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2684
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "niveau de compression du paquet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2686
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "ne pas cacher les validations par greffes"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2688
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+"utiliser un index en bitmap si disponible pour accélerer le décompte des "
+"objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2690
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "écrire un index en bitmap associé à l'index de paquet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2781
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Décompte des objets"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "empaqueter tout"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "éliminer les références perdues (défaut)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Suppression des objets dupliqués"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <heure>] [--] [<head>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "ne pas supprimer, afficher seulement"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "afficher les objets éliminés"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:110
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "faire expirer les objets plus vieux que <heure>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<options>] [<dépôt> [<spécification-de-référence>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:85
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "raccourci d'étiquette sans <étiquette>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:95
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete accepte seulement des noms entiers de références cibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Pour choisir l'option de manière permanente, voir push.default dans 'git "
+"help config'."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:142
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"La branche amont de votre branche courante ne correspond pas\n"
+"au nom de votre branche courante.  Pour pousser vers la branche amont\n"
+"sur le serveur distant, utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"Pour pousser vers la branche du même nom sur le serveur distant, utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'êtes actuellement sur aucune branche.\n"
+"Pour pousser l'historique menant à l'état actuel (HEAD détachée),\n"
+"utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<nom-de-la-branche-amont>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"La branche courante %s n'a pas de branche amont.\n"
+"Pour pousser la branche courante et définir la distante comme amont, "
+"utilisez\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr ""
+"La branche courante %s a de multiples branches amont, impossible de pousser."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes en train de pousser vers la branche distante '%s', qui n'est\n"
+"pas une branche amont de votre branche courante '%s', sans me dire\n"
+"quoi pousser pour mettre à jour quelle branche amont."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:205
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+"to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+"\n"
+"Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+"behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+"remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"push.default n'est pas défini ; sa valeur implicite a changé dans Git 2.0\n"
+"de 'matching' vers 'simple'. Pour supprimer ce message et maintenir\n"
+"le comportement actuel après la modification de la valeur de défaut, "
+"utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"Pour supprimer ce message et adopter le nouveau comportement maintenant, "
+"utilisez :\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"Quand push.default vaudra 'matching', git poussera les branches locales\n"
+"sur les branches distantes qui existent déjà avec le même nom.\n"
+"\n"
+"Depuis Git 2.0, Git utilise par défaut le comportement plus conservatif "
+"'simple'\n"
+"qui ne pousse la branche courante que vers la branche distante "
+"correspondante\n"
+"que 'git pull' utilise pour mettre à jour la branche courante.\n"
+" \n"
+"Voir 'git help config' et chercher 'push.default' pour plus d'information.\n"
+"(le mode 'simple' a été introduit dans Git 1.7.11. Utilisez le mode "
+"similaire\n"
+"'current' au lieu de 'simple' si vous utilisez de temps en temps d'anciennes "
+"versions de Git)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:272
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'avez pas spécifié de spécifications de référence à pousser, et push."
+"default est \"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:279
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la pointe de la branche courante est "
+"derrière\n"
+"son homologue distant. Intégrez les changements distants (par exemple 'git "
+"pull ...')\n"
+"avant de pousser à nouveau.\n"
+"Voir la 'Note à propos des avances rapides' dans 'git push --help' pour plus "
+"d'information."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la pointe de la branche courante est "
+"derrière\n"
+"son homologue distant. Extrayez cette branche et Intégrez les changements "
+"distants\n"
+"(par exemple 'git pull ...') avant de pousser à nouveau.\n"
+"Voir la 'Note à propos des avances rapides' dans 'git push --help' pour plus "
+"d'information."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la branche distante contient du "
+"travail que\n"
+"vous n'avez pas en local. Ceci est généralement causé par un autre dépôt "
+"poussé\n"
+"vers la même référence. Vous pourriez intégrer d'abord les changements "
+"distants\n"
+"(par exemple 'git pull ...') avant de pousser à nouveau.\n"
+"Voir la 'Note à propos des avances rapides' dans 'git push --help' pour plus "
+"d'information."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:298
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+"Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car l'étiquette existe déjà dans la "
+"branche distante."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:301
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous ne pouvez pas mettre à jour une référence distante qui pointe sur un "
+"objet qui\n"
+"n'est pas un commit, ou mettre à jour une référence distante pour la faire "
+"pointer\n"
+"vers un objet qui n'est pas un commit, sans utiliser l'option '--force'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Poussée vers %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de pousser des références vers '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:394
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "mauvais dépôt '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:395
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de destination pour pousser.\n"
+"Spécifiez une URL depuis la ligne de commande ou configurez un dépôt distant "
+"en utilisant\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <nom> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"et poussez alors en utilisant le dépôt distant\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <nom>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:410
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all et --tags sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:411
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all ne peut pas être combiné avec des spécifications de référence"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:416
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror et --tags sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:417
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror ne peut pas être combiné avec des spécifications de référence"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:422
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all et --mirror sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:502
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "dépôt"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:503
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "pousser toutes les références"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:504
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "refléter toutes les références"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "supprimer les références"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr ""
+"pousser les étiquettes (ne peut pas être utilisé avec --all ou --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "forcer les mises à jour"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:512
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "nom de référence>:<attendu"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "exiger que l'ancienne valeur de la référence soit à cette valeur"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "contrôler la poussée récursive des sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:518
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "utiliser un empaquetage léger"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519 builtin/push.c:520
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "recevoir le programme d'empaquetage"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "définir la branche amont pour git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "éliminer les références locales supprimées"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:526
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "éviter d'utiliser le crochet pre-push"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "pousser les étiquettes manquantes mais pertinentes"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "signer la poussée avec GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "demande une transaction atomique sur le serveur distant"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:539
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete est incompatible avec --all, --mirror et --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:541
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete n'a pas de sens sans aucune référence"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --"
+"prefix=<préfixe>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-"
+"sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<fichier>] (--empty | <arbre ou apparenté "
+"1> [<arbre ou apparenté 2> [<arbre ou apparenté 3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "écrire l'index résultant dans <fichier>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "juste vider l'index"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Fusion"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "effectuer une fusion en plus d'une lecture"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "fusion à 3 points si aucune fusion de niveau fichier n'est requise"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "fusion à 3 points en présence d'ajouts et suppressions"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "comme -m, mais annule les éléments non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<sous-répertoire>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "lire l'arbre dans l'index dans <sous-répertoire>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "mettre à jour la copie de travail avec le résultat de la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "autoriser explicitement les fichiers ignorés à être écrasés"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "ne pas vérifier la copie de travail après la fusion"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "ne pas mettre à jour l'index ou la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "sauter l'application du filtre d'extraction creuse"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "déboguer unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "%s' pour '%s' n'est pas un horodatage valide"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:546 builtin/reflog.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un horodatage valide"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <branche>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <nom> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:33
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <ancienne> <nouvelle>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:38
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:43
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <nom> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branche>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<groupe> | "
+"<distante>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <nom> <nouvelle-URL> [<ancienne-URL>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <nom> <nouvelle-URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:71
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <nom> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:28
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<options>] <nom> <URL>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <nom> <branche>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:54
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<options>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:59
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<options>] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:64
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<options>] [<groupe> | <distante>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Mise à jour de %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:120
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror est dangereux et obsolète ; merci\n"
+"\t d'utiliser --mirror=fetch ou --mirror=push à la place"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "argument miroir inconnu : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:153
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "rapatrier les branches distantes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:155
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr ""
+"importer toutes les étiquettes et les objets associés lors du rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:158
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "ou ne rapatrier aucune étiquette (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:160
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "branche(s) à suivre"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "branche maîtresse"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:162
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+"paramétrer la distante comme miroir pour pousser ou pour rapatrier depuis"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:175
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "spécifier une branche maîtresse n'a pas de sens avec --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:177
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+"spécifier les branches à suivre n'a de sens qu'avec des miroirs de "
+"rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187 builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "la distante %s existe déjà."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:191 builtin/remote.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom valide de distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:235
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer la maîtresse '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'obtenir une correspondance distante pour la spécification de "
+"référence %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:436 builtin/remote.c:444
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(correspond)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(supprimer)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:592 builtin/remote.c:598 builtin/remote.c:604
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter '%s' à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:636 builtin/remote.c:795 builtin/remote.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Distante inconnue : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de renommer la section de configuration '%s' en '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:659 builtin/remote.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la section de configuration '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de mise à jour du refspec de rapatriement qui n'est pas par défaut\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tVeuillez mettre à jour la configuration manuellement si nécessaire."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'ajouter '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:691
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible de définir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:713
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "échec de suppression de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "échec de création de '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer la branche %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:833
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Note : Une branche en dehors de refs/remotes/ n'a pas été supprimée ;\n"
+"pour la supprimer, utilisez :"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Note : Plusieurs branches en dehors de refs/remotes/ n'ont pas été "
+"supprimées ;\n"
+"pour les supprimer, utilisez :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " nouveau (le prochain rapatriement (fetch) stockera dans remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:951
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " suivi"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:953
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " dépassé (utilisez 'git remote prune' pour supprimer)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:955
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "branch.%s.merge invalide ; ne peut pas rebaser sur plus d'une branche"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "rebase sur la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1006
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " fusionne avec la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1007
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    et avec la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "fusionne avec la distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1010
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   et avec la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1056
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "créer"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1059
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "supprimer"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1063
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "à jour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1066
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "peut être mis à jour en avance rapide"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1069
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "le local n'est pas à jour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1076
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s force vers %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1079
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s pousse vers %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s force vers %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s pousse vers %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "ne pas interroger les distantes"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* distante %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL de rapatriement : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1183 builtin/remote.c:1334
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(pas d'URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1192 builtin/remote.c:1194
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL push : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1196 builtin/remote.c:1198 builtin/remote.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Branche HEAD : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1202
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  Branche HEAD (la HEAD distante est ambiguë, peut être l'une des "
+"suivantes) :\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Branche distante :%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Branches distantes :%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1217 builtin/remote.c:1244
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (statut non demandé)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1226
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Branche locale configurée pour 'git pull' :"
+msgstr[1] "  Branches locales configurées pour 'git pull' :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1234
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Les références locales seront reflétées par 'git push'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1241
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Référence locale configurée pour 'git push'%s :"
+msgstr[1] "  Références locales configurées pour 'git push'%s :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1262
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "définir refs/remotes/<nom>/HEAD selon la distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1264
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "supprimer refs/remotes/<nom>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1279
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de déterminer la HEAD distante"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a de multiples branches HEAD distantes. Veuillez en choisir une "
+"explicitement avec :"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Référence non valide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Impossible de paramétrer %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1319
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s se retrouvera en suspens !"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s se retrouve en suspens !"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1330
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Élimination de %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1331
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1354
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [serait éliminé] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1357
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [éliminé] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1402
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "éliminer les distants après le rapatriement"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1468 builtin/remote.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Pas de serveur remote '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1488
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "ajouter une branche"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "pas de serveur distant spécifié"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1517
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipuler les URLs push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1519
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "ajouter une URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "supprimer des URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1528
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete n'a aucun sens"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Motif d'URL ancien invalide : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1576
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Pas d'URL trouvée : %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1578
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Pas de suppression de toutes les URLs non-push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1592
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "être verbeux : doit être placé avant une sous-commande"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<options>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "empaqueter tout dans un seul paquet"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "identique à -a et transformer les objets inaccessibles en suspens"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "supprimer les paquets redondants et lancer git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passer --no-reuse-delta à git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passer --no-reuse-object à git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "ne pas lancer git update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "passer --local à git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "écrire un index en bitmap"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "date approximative"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "avec -A, ne pas suspendre les objets plus vieux que celui-ci"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "taille de la fenêtre utilisée pour la compression des deltas"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "octets"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+"idem ci-dessus, mais limiter la taille mémoire au lieu du nombre d'éléments"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "limite la profondeur maximale des deltas"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "taille maximum de chaque fichier paquet"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "réempaqueter les objets dans des paquets marqués avec .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "la suppression de '%s' a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <objet> <remplacement>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <objet>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <objet>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<motif>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nom d'objet invalide : '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "mauvaise étiquette de fusion dans le commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "étiquette de fusion malformée dans le commit '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"le commit original '%s' contient l'étiquette de fusion '%s' qui a disparu ; "
+"utilisez --edit au lieu de --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "le commit original '%s' contient une signature GPG."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "la signature sera éliminée dans la validation de remplacement !"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le commit de remplacement pour '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "afficher les références de remplacement"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "supprimer les références de remplacement"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "éditer l'objet existant"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "Modifier les parents d'un commit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "remplacer la référence si elle existe"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "afficher sans mise en forme pour --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "utiliser ce format"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr ""
+"git rerere [clear | forget <chemin>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "enregistrer des résolutions propres dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <arbre ou apparenté> [--] <chemins>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<arbre ou apparenté>] [--] [<chemins>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "soft"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "hard"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "merge"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "keep"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas une HEAD valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver l'arbre pour HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Impossible de trouver l'arbre pour %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD est maintenant à %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un \"reset %s\" au milieu d'une fusion."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "être silencieux, afficher seulement les erreurs"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD et l'index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "réinitialiser seulement HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD, l'index et la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "réinitialiser HEAD mais garder les changements locaux"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr ""
+"enregistrer seulement le fait que les chemins effacés seront ajoutés plus "
+"tard"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de '%s' comme une révision valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:308 builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible d'analyser l'objet '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Échec de résolution de '%s' comme un arbre valide."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch est incompatible avec --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed avec des chemins est obsolète ; utilisez 'git reset -- <paths>' à la "
+"place."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Impossible de faire un \"%s reset\" avec des chemins."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "Le \"%s reset\" n'est pas permis dans un dépôt nu"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N ne peut être utilisé qu'avec --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Modifications non indexées après reset :"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Impossible de réinitialiser le fichier d'index à la révision '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Impossible d'écrire le nouveau fichier d'index."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:361
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<arguments>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:366
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "garder le `--` passé en argument"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "arrêt de l'analyse après le premier argument qui n'est pas une option"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:371
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "sortie en forme longue fixée"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<arguments>...]\n"
+"   ou : git rev-parse --sq-quote [<argument>...]\n"
+"   ou : git rev-parse [options] [<argument>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Lancez \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" pour plus d'information sur "
+"l'utilisation principale."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<options>] <commit ou apparenté>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <sous-commande>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit ou apparenté>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <sous-commande>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s : %s ne peut pas être utilisé avec %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "mettre fin au retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "reprendre le retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "annuler le retour ou picorage"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "ne pas valider automatiquement"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "éditer le message de validation"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "numéro de parent"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "stratégie de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "option"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "option pour la stratégie de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "ajouter le nom de validation"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "autoriser l'avance rapide"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "préserver les validations vides initialement"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "autoriser les validations avec des messages vides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "garder les validations redondantes, vides"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "erreur du programme"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "revert a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "le picorage a échoué"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<options>] [--] <fichier>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"le sous-module suivant (ou un de ses sous-modules imbriqués)\n"
+"utilise un répertoire .git :"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"les sous-modules suivants (ou un de leurs sous-modules imbriqués)\n"
+"utilisent un répertoire .git :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(utilisez 'rm -rf' si vous voulez vraiment le supprimer en incluant tout son "
+"historique)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"le fichier suivant a du contenu indexé différent\n"
+"du fichier et de HEAD :"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"les fichiers suivants ont du contenu indexé différent\n"
+"du fichier et de HEAD :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(utilisez -f pour forcer la suppression)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "le fichier suivant a des changements indexés :"
+msgstr[1] "les fichiers suivants ont des changements indexés :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(utilisez --cached pour garder le fichier, ou -f pour forcer la suppression)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "le fichier suivant a des modifications locales :"
+msgstr[1] "les fichiers suivants ont des modifications locales :"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "ne pas afficher les fichiers supprimés"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "supprimer seulement de l'index"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "outrepasser la vérification des fichiers à jour"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "autoriser la suppression récursive"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "sortir avec un statut zéro même si rien ne correspondait"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez indexer vos modifications de .gitmodules ou remisez-les pour "
+"continuer"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "pas de suppression récursive de '%s' sans -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm : impossible de supprimer %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<options>] [<intervalle-révisions>] [[--] [<chemin>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Auteur manquant : %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "trier la sortie sur le nombre de validations par auteur"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr ""
+"Supprimer les descriptions de validation, fournit seulement le nombre de "
+"validations"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Afficher l'adresse e-mail de chaque auteur"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Couper les lignes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r|--remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<quand>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rév> | <glob>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:13
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<référence>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "afficher les branches de suivi distantes et les branches locales"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "afficher les branches de suivi distantes"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "couleur '*!+-' correspondant à la branche"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "afficher <n> validations de plus après l'ancêtre commun"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "synonyme de more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "supprimer les chaînes de nommage"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "inclure la branche courante"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "nommer les validations avec leurs noms d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "afficher les bases possibles de fusion"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "afficher les références inaccessibles depuis toute autre référence"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "afficher les validations dans l'ordre topologique"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher seulement les validations qui ne sont pas sur la première branche"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "afficher les fusions accessibles depuis une seule pointe"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "tri topologique, maintenant l'ordre par date si possible"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:681
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:682
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les <n> plus récents éléments de ref-log en commençant à la base"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<motif>...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=motif] < liste-références"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes (peut être combiné avec des têtes)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les têtes (peut être combiné avec des étiquettes)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+"vérification de référence plus stricte, nécessite un chemin de référence "
+"exact"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "afficher la référence HEAD, même si elle serait filtrée"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "déréférencer les étiquettes en IDs d'objet"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "afficher seulement le hachage SHA1 en utilisant <n> chiffres"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"ne pas afficher les résultats sur la sortie standard (pratique avec --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"afficher les références de l'entrée standard qui ne sont pas dans le dépôt "
+"local"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<options>] nom [<référence>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <nom>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"supprimer le message d'erreur pour une référence non symbolique (détachée)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "supprimer la référence symbolique"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "raccourcir l'affichage de la référence"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "raison"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "raison de la mise à jour"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <id-clé>] [-f] [-m <message> | -F <file>] <nom-"
+"étiquette> [<head>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <nométiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <objet>]\n"
+"\t\t[<motif>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <nométiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "objet malformé à '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:301
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "nom d'étiquette trop long : %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "étiquette '%s' non trouvée."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Étiquette '%s' supprimée (elle était sur %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "impossible de vérifier l'étiquette '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Écrivez un message pour l'étiquette :\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront ignorées.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Écrivez un message pour l'étiquette :\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Les lignes commençant par '%c' seront gardées ; vous pouvez les retirer vous-"
+"même si vous le souhaitez.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+msgstr "spécification de tri non supportée '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+msgstr "spécification de tri non supportée '%s' dans le variable '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:428
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "impossible de signer l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:430
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "impossible d'écrire le fichier d'étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "mauvais type d'objet."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "en-tête d'étiquette trop gros."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "pas de message pour l'étiquette ?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:510
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Le message pour l'étiquette a été laissé dans %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "le commutateur 'points-at' a besoin d'un objet"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "nom d'objet malformé '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:589
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "afficher les noms des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:591
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "affiche <n> lignes de chaque message d'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:593
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "supprimer des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:594
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "vérifier des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:596
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Options de création de l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:598
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "étiquette annotée, nécessite un message"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:600
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "message pour l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:602
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "étiquette annotée et signée avec GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:606
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "utiliser une autre clé pour signer l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:607
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "remplacer l'étiquette si elle existe"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:609
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Options d'affichage des étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:610
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "afficher la liste des étiquettes sous forme de colonnes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "sort tags"
+msgstr "trier les étiquettes"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:617 builtin/tag.c:623
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes qui contiennent la validation"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:629
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les étiquettes de l'objet"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:655
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column et -n sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:667
+msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--sort et -n sont incompatibles"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:674
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option -n est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:676
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option --contains est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:678
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'option --points-at est autorisée seulement avec -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:686
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "une seule option -F ou -m est autorisée."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:706
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "trop de paramètres"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:712
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' n'est pas un nom d'étiquette valide."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "l'étiquette '%s' existe déjà"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Étiquette '%s' mise à jour (elle était sur %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:489
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Dépaquetage des objets"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:403
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<fichier>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "continuer de rafraîchir même si l'index a besoin d'une mise à jour"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "rafraîchir : ignorer les sous-modules"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "ne pas ignorer les nouveaux fichiers"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "laisser les fichiers remplacer des répertoires et vice-versa"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "aviser des fichiers manquants dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "rafraîchir même si l'index contient des éléments non fusionnés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "rafraîchir l'information de stat"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "comme --refresh, mais en ignorant l'option assume-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<mode>, <objet>, <chemin>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "ajouter l'élément spécifié dans l'index"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:786
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "outrepasser le bit exécutable pour les fichiers listés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "marquer les fichiers comme \"non changeants\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "mettre à zéro le bit supposé-non-modifié"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "marquer les fichiers comme \"index seulement\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:799
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "mettre à zéro le bit sauter-la-copie-de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:802
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"ajouter seulement à l'index ; ne pas ajouter le contenu dans la base de "
+"données des objets"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:804
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"supprimer les chemins nommés même s'ils sont présents dans la copie de "
+"travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:806
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "avec --stdin : les lignes en entrée sont terminées par des octets nuls"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:808
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "lire la liste des chemins à mettre à jour depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:812
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "ajouter les éléments depuis l'entrée standard à l'index"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:816
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "repeupler les étapes n°2 et n°3 pour les chemins listés"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:820
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "mettre à jour seulement les éléments qui diffèrent de HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:824
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignorer les fichiers manquants dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:827
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "afficher les actions sur la sortie standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:829
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(pour porcelaines) oublier les conflits sauvés et non résolus"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:833
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "écrire l'index dans ce format"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:835
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "activer ou désactiver l'index divisé"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<options>] -d <nom-référence> [<ancienne-valeur>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git update-ref [<options>]    <nom-référence> <nouvelle-valeur> [<ancienne-"
+"valeur>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:359
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "supprimer la référence"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:361
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "mettre à jour <nomréférence> et non la référence pointée par lui"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "l'entrée standard a des arguments qui se terminent par NUL"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "lire les mises à jour depuis l'entrée standard"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "mettre à jour les fichiers d'information à partir de zéro"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:75
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "afficher le contenu du commit"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "verbeux"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "afficher seulement les statistiques"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <étiquette>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "afficher le contenu de l'étiquette"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<préfixe>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<préfixe>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "écrire l'objet arbre pour un sous-répertoire <préfixe>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "seulement utile pour le débogage"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:267
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "afficher les messages de debug sur stderr"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"'git help -a' et 'git help -g' listent les sous-commandes disponibles et\n"
+"quelques concepts. Voir 'git help <commande>' ou 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"pour en lire plus à propos d'une commande spécifique ou d'un concept."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Ajouter le contenu de fichiers dans l'index"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Trouver par recherche binaire la modification qui a introduit un bogue"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Lister, créer ou supprimer des branches"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "Extraire une branche ou des chemins dans la copie de travail"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Cloner un dépôt dans un nouveau répertoire"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Enregistrer les modifications dans le dépôt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+"Afficher les changements entre les validations, entre validation et copie de "
+"travail, etc"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Télécharger les objets et références depuis un autre dépôt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Afficher les lignes correspondant à un motif"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Créer un dépôt Git vide ou réinitialiser un existant"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Afficher l'historique des validations"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Fusionner deux ou plusieurs historiques de développement ensemble"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Déplacer ou renommer un fichier, un répertoire, ou un lien symbolique"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Rapatrier et intégrer un autre dépôt ou une branche locale"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Mettre à jour les références distantes ainsi que les objets associés"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr ""
+"Reporter les validations locales sur le sommet mis à jour d'une branche amont"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Réinitialiser la HEAD courante à l'état spécifié"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Supprimer des fichiers de la copie de travail et de l'index"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Afficher différents types d'objets"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Afficher le statut de la copie de travail"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr ""
+"Créer, lister, supprimer ou vérifier un objet d'étiquette signé avec GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:143
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "date-d'expiration"
+
+#: parse-options.h:158
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "sans action (rétrocompatibilité)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "être plus verbeux"
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "être plus silencieux"
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "utiliser <n> chiffres pour afficher les SHA-1s"
+
+#: rerere.h:27
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+"met à jour l'index avec les résolutions de conflit réutilisées si possible"
+
+#: git-am.sh:53
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "Vous devez d'abord définir vos informations de validateur"
+
+#: git-am.sh:98
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous semblez avoir déplacé la HEAD depuis le dernier échec de 'am'.\n"
+"Pas de retour à ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: git-am.sh:108
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Lorsque vous aurez résolu ce problème, lancez \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez \"$cmdline --skip\" à la place.\n"
+"Pour restaurer la branche d'origine et stopper le patchage, lancez "
+"\"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:124
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "Impossible de retourner à une fusion à 3 points."
+
+#: git-am.sh:140
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Le dépôt n'a pas les blobs nécessaires pour un retour à une fusion à 3 "
+"points."
+
+#: git-am.sh:142
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+"Utilisation de l'information de l'index pour reconstruire un arbre de base..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:157
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Avez-vous édité le patch à la main ?\n"
+"Il ne s'applique pas aux blobs enregistrés dans son index."
+
+#: git-am.sh:166
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Retour à un patch de la base et fusion à 3 points..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:182
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Échec d'intégration des modifications."
+
+#: git-am.sh:277
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Seulement une série de patchs StGIT peut être appliquée à la fois"
+
+#: git-am.sh:364
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "Le format de patch $patch_format n'est pas supporté."
+
+#: git-am.sh:366
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Échec de détection du format du patch."
+
+#: git-am.sh:398
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"L'option -b/--binary ne fait plus rien depuis longtemps,\n"
+"et elle sera supprimée. Veuillez ne plus l'utiliser."
+
+#: git-am.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+"le répertoire précédent de rebasage $dotest existe toujours mais mbox donnée."
+
+#: git-am.sh:501
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Décidez-vous. --skip ou --abort ?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Répertoire abandonné $dotest trouvé.\n"
+"Utilisez \"git am --abort\" pour le supprimer."
+
+#: git-am.sh:545
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de résolution de l'opération en cours, nous ne sommes pas dans une "
+"reprise."
+
+#: git-am.sh:612
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr "Index sale : impossible d'appliquer des patchs (sales : $files)"
+
+#: git-am.sh:722
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Le patch est vide.  Était-il mal découpé ?\n"
+"Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez plutôt \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"Pour restaurer la branche d'origine et stopper le patchage, lancez "
+"\"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:749
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "Le patch n'a pas d'adresse e-mail valide."
+
+#: git-am.sh:796
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"impossible d'être interactif sans entrée standard connectée à un terminal."
+
+#: git-am.sh:800
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Le corps de la validation est :"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:807
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr "Appliquer ? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+
+#: git-am.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Application : $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:864
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Aucun changement - avez-vous oublié d'utiliser 'git add' ?\n"
+"S'il n'y a plus rien à indexer, il se peut qu'autre chose ait déjà\n"
+"introduit les mêmes changements ; vous pourriez avoir envie de sauter ce "
+"patch."
+
+#: git-am.sh:872
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous avez toujours des chemins non fusionnés dans votre index\n"
+"auriez-vous oublié de faire 'git add' ?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:888
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Pas de changement -- Patch déjà appliqué."
+
+#: git-am.sh:898
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Le patch a échoué à $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"La copie du patch qui a échoué se trouve dans :\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:919
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "application à un historique vide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Vous devez démarrer avec \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Souhaitez-vous que je le fasse pour vous [Y/n] ? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "option inconnue : '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' ne semble être une révision valide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Mauvaise HEAD - j'ai besoin d'une HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"L'extraction de '$start_head' a échoué. Essayez 'git bisect reset <branche-"
+"valide>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "refus de bissecter sur un arbre 'cg-seeked'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Mauvaise HEAD - référence symbolique douteuse"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Mauvais argument pour bisect_write : $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Mauvaise révision en entrée : $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Veuillez appeler 'bisect_state' avec au moins un argument."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Mauvaise révision en entrée : $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:253
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect bad' n'accepte qu'un seul argument."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:276
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "Attention : bissection avec seulement une mauvaise validation."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:282
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Êtes-vous sûr [Y/n] ? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez me donner au moins une bonne et une mauvaise révision.\n"
+"(Vous pouvez utiliser \"git bisect bad\" et \"git bisect good\" pour cela.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:295
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez démarrer avec \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Puis vous devez me donner au moins une bonne et une mauvaise révision.\n"
+"(Vous pouvez utiliser \"git bisect bad\" et \"git bisect good\" pour cela.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:366 git-bisect.sh:493
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Pas de bissection en cours."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:373
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' n'est pas une validation valide"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:382
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Échec d'extraction de la HEAD d'origine '$branch'.\n"
+"Essayez 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:409
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Pas de fichier de log donné"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:410
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "impossible de lire $file pour rejouer"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? de quoi parlez-vous ?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:439
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "lancement de $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:446
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"la bissection a échoué :\n"
+"le code retour $res de '$command' est < 0 ou >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:472
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "la bissection ne peut plus continuer"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:478
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"la bissection a échoué :\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' a retourné le code erreur $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:485
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "succès de la bissection"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Le tirage n'est pas possible car vous avez des fichiers non fusionnés.\n"
+"Veuillez les corriger dans votre copie de travail, utiliser alors 'git add/"
+"rm <fichier>'\n"
+"si nécessaire pour marquer comme résolu et valider."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr "Le pull n'est pas possible car vous avez des fichiers non fusionnés."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous n'avez pas terminé votre fusion (MERGE_HEAD existe).\n"
+"Veuillez valider vos changements avant de pouvoir fusionner."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:245
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr ""
+"mise à jour d'une branche non encore créée avec les changements ajoutés dans "
+"l'index"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:269
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+"Attention : fetch a mis à jour la tête de la branche courante.\n"
+"Attention : mise à jour en avance rapide de votre copie de travail\n"
+"Attention : depuis la validation $orig_head."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:294
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "Impossible de fusionner de multiples branches sur une tête vide"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:298
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "Impossible de rebaser sur de multiples branches"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Lorsque vous aurez résolu ce problème, lancez \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Si vous préférez sauter ce patch, lancez \"git rebase --skip\" à la place.\n"
+"Pour extraire la branche d'origine et stopper le rebasage, lancez \"git "
+"rebase --abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Autoremisage appliqué."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Impossible de stocker $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:169
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"L'application de l'autoremisage a provoqué des conflits\n"
+"Vos  modifications sont à l'abri dans la remise.\n"
+"Vous pouvez lancer \"git stash pop\" ou \"git stash drop\" à tout moment.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:208
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Le crochet pre-rebase a refusé de rebaser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:213
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Il semble que git-am soit en cours. Impossible de rebaser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:351
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "L'option --exec doit être utilisée avec l'option --interactive"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:356
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Pas de rebasage en cours ?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:367
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"L'action --edit-todo peut seulement être utilisée lors d'un rebasage "
+"interactif."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:374
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossible de lire HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:377
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous devez éditer tous les conflits de fusion et\n"
+"les marquer comme résolus avec git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Impossible de revenir à $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:414
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Il semble qu'il y ait déjà un répertoire $state_dir_base, et je me demande\n"
+"si un autre rebasage n'est pas déjà en cours. Si c'est le cas,\n"
+"essayez\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Sinon, essayez\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"puis relancez-moi à nouveau.  Je m'arrête au cas où vous auriez quelque "
+"chose\n"
+"d'important ici."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "invalide $upstream_name en amont"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name : il y a plus d'une base de fusion"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:492 git-rebase.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name : il n'y a pas de base de fusion"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Ne pointe pas sur une validation valide : $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "fatal : pas de branche : $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Autoremisage impossible"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Autoremisage créé : $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:566
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Veuillez les valider ou les remiser."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:586
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "La branche courante $branch_name est à jour."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:590
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "La branche courante $branch_name est à jour, rebasage forcé."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:601
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Changements de $mb sur $onto :"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:610
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Premièrement, rembobinons head pour rejouer votre travail par-dessus..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:620
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "$branch_name mise à jour en avance rapide sur $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear avec des paramètres n'est pas implémenté"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Vous n'avez pas encore la validation initiale"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver l'état courant de l'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver l'état courant de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Aucun changement sélectionné"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer l'index temporaire (ne peut pas se produire)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Impossible d'enregistrer l'état de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:191
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Impossible de mettre à jour $ref_stash avec $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:238
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"erreur: option inconnue pour 'stash save': $option\n"
+"        Pour fournir un message, utilisez git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:259
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Pas de modifications locales à sauver"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:263
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Impossible d'initialiser le remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:267
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauver le statut courant"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:285
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Impossible de supprimer les changements de la copie de travail"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:384
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Pas de remisage trouvé."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:391
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Trop de révisions spécifiées : $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:397
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference n'est pas une référence valide"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:425
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' n'est pas une validation de type remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:436
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' n'est pas une référence de remisage"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:444
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "impossible de rafraîchir l'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:448
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Impossible d'appliquer un remisage en cours de fusion"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Conflits dans l'index. Essayez sans --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:458
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Impossible de sauvegarder l'arbre d'index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Impossible de désindexer les fichiers modifiés"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:507
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "L'index n'a pas été sorti de remise."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:530
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "${REV} supprimé ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Impossible de supprimer l'élément de stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:539
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Aucune branche spécifiée"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:611
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Pour les restaurer tapez \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "impossible de supprimer un composant de l'URL '$remoteurl'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Pas de mise en correspondance du sous-module trouvé dans .gitmodules pour le "
+"chemin '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:287
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "Le clonage de '$url' dans le chemin de sous-module '$sm_path' a échoué"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:296
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr ""
+"Le répertoire Git '$a' fait partie du chemin de sous-module '$b' ou vice-"
+"versa"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Un chemin relatif ne peut être utilisé que depuis la racine de la copie de "
+"travail"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:416
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "L'URL de dépôt '$repo' doit être absolu ou commencer par ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:433
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existe déjà dans l'index"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Le chemin suivant est ignoré par un de vos fichiers .gitignore :\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Utilisez -f si vous voulez vraiment l'ajouter."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:455
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Ajout du dépôt existant à '$sm_path' dans l'index"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:457
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' existe déjà et n'est pas un dépôt git valide"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Un répertoire git pour '$sm_name' est trouvé en local avec le(s) serveur(s) "
+"distant(s) :"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous voulez réutiliser ce répertoire git local au lieu de cloner à "
+"nouveau depuis"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"utilisez l'option '--force'. Si le répertoire local git n'est pas le dépôt "
+"correct"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"ou vous ne savez pas ce que cela signifie de choisir un autre nom avec "
+"l'option '--name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:472
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Réactivation du répertoire git local pour le sous-module '$sm_name'."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible d'extraire le sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec d'ajout du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:498
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec d'enregistrement du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:542
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Entrée dans '$prefix$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Arrêt sur '$prefix$displaypath' ; le script a retourné un statut non nul."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:608
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"URL non trouvée pour le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' dans .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Échec d'enregistrement de l'URL pour le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Sous-module '$name' ($url) enregistré pour le chemin '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Échec d'enregistrement du mode de mise à jour pour le chemin de sous-module "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Utilisez '.' si vous voulez vraiment réinitialiser tous les sous-modules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"La copie de travail du sous-module '$displaypath' contient un répertoire .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(utilisez 'rm -rf' si vous voulez vraiment le supprimer en incluant tout son "
+"historique)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"La copie de travail du sous-module '$displaypath' contient des modifications "
+"locales ; utilisez '-f' pour les annuler"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:701
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Répertoire '$displaypath' nettoyé"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:702
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de supprimer la copie de travail du sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:705
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Impossible de créer le répertoire vide du sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:714
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Le sous-module '$name' ($url) n'est pas enregistré pour le chemin "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:830
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' non initialisé\n"
+"Peut-être souhaitez-vous utiliser 'update --init' ?"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de trouver la révision courante dans le chemin de sous-module "
+"'$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:852
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rapatrier dans le chemin de sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:876
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Impossible de rapatrier dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible d'extraire '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:891
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' : '$sha1' extrait"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:895
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de rebaser '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:896
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' : rebasé dans '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossible de fusionner '$sha1' dans le chemin de sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:902
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$displaypath' : fusionné dans '$sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:907
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"L'exécution de '$command $sha1' a échoué dans le chemin de sous-module "
+"'$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:908
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Chemin de sous-module '$prefix$sm_path' : '$command $sha1'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:938
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Échec de parcours dans le chemin du sous-module '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1046
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "L'option --cached ne peut pas être utilisée avec l'option --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1098
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "mode $mod_dst inattendu"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1118
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Attention : $display_name ne contient pas la validation $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1121
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Attention : $display_name ne contient pas la validation $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Attention : $display_name ne contient pas les validations $sha1_src et "
+"$sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1149
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1267
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Échec de parcours dans le chemin du sous-module '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1331
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synchronisation de l'URL sous-module pour '$displaypath'"
+
+#~ msgid "server does not support --atomic push"
+#~ msgstr "le serveur ne gère pas push --atomic"
+
+#~ msgid "(detached from %s)"
+#~ msgstr "(détaché de %s)"
+
+#~ msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Aucun auteur existant trouvé avec '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "search also in ignored files"
+#~ msgstr "rechercher aussi dans les fichiers ignorés"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <nom> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branche>)"
+
+#~ msgid "no files added"
+#~ msgstr "aucun fichier ajouté"
+
+#~ msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+#~ msgstr "forcer la création (même si la cible existe)"
+
+#~ msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Chaîne ident mal formée : '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "slot"
+#~ msgstr "emplacement"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+#~ msgstr "Échec du verrouillage de la référence pour mise à jour"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to write ref"
+#~ msgstr "Échec de l'écriture de la référence"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock HEAD during fast_forward_to"
+#~ msgstr "Échec du verrouillage de HEAD pendant l'avance rapide"
+
+#~ msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+#~ msgstr "commit invalide : %s"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "impossible de verrouiller la référence HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "impossible de mettre à jour la référence HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "%s invalide : '%s'"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+#~ msgstr "impossible de déterminer le répertoire de travail courant"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s : impossible de verrouiller la référence"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s : impossible de mettre à jour la référence"
+
+#~ msgid "commit has empty message"
+#~ msgstr "le commit a un message vide"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Échec de chdir: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Suivi de branche non paramétré : le nom est trop long : %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+#~ msgstr "impossible de trouver .gitmodules dans l'index"
+
+#~ msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "échec de la lecture du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+#~ msgstr "échec de stat du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+#~ msgstr "suppression du .gitmodules dans l'index impossible"
+
+#~ msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "échec de l'ajout du .gitmodules mis à jour"
+
+#~ msgid "bug"
+#~ msgstr "bogue"
+
+#~ msgid "ahead "
+#~ msgstr "devant "
+
+#~ msgid ", behind "
+#~ msgstr ", derrière "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+#~ "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+#~ "anymore.\n"
+#~ "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+#~ "directory.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Le comportement de 'git add %s (ou %s)' sans argument de chemin depuis "
+#~ "un\n"
+#~ "sous-répertoire du projet va changer dans Git 2.0 et ne doit plus être "
+#~ "utilisé.\n"
+#~ "Pour ajouter le contenu de toute l'arborescence, lancez :\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (ou git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Pour restreindre la commande au répertoire courant, lancez :\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (ou git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Avec la version actuelle de Git, la commande est restreinte au répertoire "
+#~ "courant.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+#~ "whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you "
+#~ "removed.\n"
+#~ "Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+#~ "removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+#~ "  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Vous avez lancé 'git add' sans '-A (--all)' ni '--ignore-removal',\n"
+#~ "dont le comportement va changer dans Git 2.0 avec le respect des chemins "
+#~ "que vous supprimez.\n"
+#~ "Les chemins tels que '%s' qui ont été\n"
+#~ "retirés de votre copie de travail sont ignorés avec cette version de "
+#~ "Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <chemin>', qui est l'option par défaut "
+#~ "actuelle,\n"
+#~ "  ignore les chemins que vous avez supprimés de votre copie de travail.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <chemin>' permet d'enregistrer aussi les suppressions.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Lancez 'git status' pour vérifier les chemins que vous avez supprimés de "
+#~ "votre copie de travail.\n"
+
+#~ msgid "key id"
+#~ msgstr "identifiant de clé"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+#~ "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Compression automatique du dépôt pour une performance optimum. Vous "
+#~ "pouvez aussi\n"
+#~ "lancer \"git gc\" manuellement. Voir \"git help gc\" pour plus "
+#~ "d'information.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+#~ "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+#~ "specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration "
+#~ "variable\n"
+#~ "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les mises à jour ont été rejetées car la pointe de la branche poussée est "
+#~ "derrière\n"
+#~ "son homologue distant. Si vous ne vouliez pas pousser cette branche, vous "
+#~ "pourriez\n"
+#~ "vouloir spécifier les branches à pousser ou définir la variable de "
+#~ "configuration\n"
+#~ "'push.default' à 'simple', 'current' ou 'upstream' pour pousser seulement "
+#~ "la branche courante."
+
+#~ msgid "deleted:    %s"
+#~ msgstr "supprimé :  %s"
+
+#~ msgid "modified:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "modifié :   %s"
+
+#~ msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "renommé :   %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "non fus. :  %s"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "les chemins en entrée sont terminés par le caractère nul"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed "
+#~ "by stash save:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Les fichiers suivants non suivis ne seront PAS sauvés mais doivent être "
+#~ "supprimés par le remisage :"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr "Abandon. Utilisez l'option --force ou --include-untracked."
diff --git a/po/git.pot b/po/git.pot
index efcda39705..c94a95591f 100644
--- a/po/git.pot
+++ b/po/git.pot
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-02-28 09:17+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-04-03 08:13+0800\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -18,29 +18,304 @@ msgstr ""
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 "Plural-Forms: nplurals=INTEGER; plural=EXPRESSION;\n"
 
-#: advice.c:34
+#: advice.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#.
-#. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
-#. * other commands doing a merge do.
-#.
-#: advice.c:64
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:342 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:427 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:428 builtin/log.c:1204
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2516
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517 builtin/config.c:57 builtin/fast-export.c:986
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988 builtin/grep.c:712 builtin/hash-object.c:101
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446 builtin/ls-files.c:449 builtin/notes.c:394
+#: builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:431 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:433
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:434
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:444
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:447
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:449 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:450 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:478
+msgid "command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: attr.c:264
 msgid ""
-"Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
-"and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
-"appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
-"or use 'git commit -a'."
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:175
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:199
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:163 sequencer.c:650 sequencer.c:1105 builtin/blame.c:2705
+#: builtin/branch.c:659 builtin/commit.c:1045 builtin/log.c:330
+#: builtin/log.c:823 builtin/log.c:1432 builtin/log.c:1669 builtin/merge.c:358
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: bundle.c:251
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:269
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:309
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:437 builtin/log.c:153 builtin/log.c:1342 builtin/shortlog.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:443
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: commit.c:47
+#: bundle.c:474
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: color.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: commit.c:40
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: commit.c:49
+#: commit.c:42
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr ""
@@ -49,111 +324,725 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: connected.c:39
-msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+#: config.c:474 config.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config file line %d in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: config.c:592
 #, c-format
-msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: config.c:594
 #, c-format
-msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:104
+#: config.c:679
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:109
+#: config.c:757 config.c:768
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:205
+#: config.c:890
 #, c-format
-msgid ""
-"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
-"%s"
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:1216
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:1277
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:1601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:1603
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: config.c:1662
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: connected.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:1331
-msgid " 0 files changed\n"
+#: connected.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: diff.c:1335
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:108
 #, c-format
-msgid " %d file changed"
-msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: diff.c:1352
+#: date.c:115
 #, c-format
-msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
-msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: diff.c:1363
+#: date.c:122
 #, c-format
-msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
-msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: diff.c:3364
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:536
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:2956
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:3351
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:3514
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:129 gpg-interface.c:200
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:71
+#: gpg-interface.c:141
 msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:82
+#: gpg-interface.c:152
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1285
+#: gpg-interface.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: grep.c:1718
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1302
+#: grep.c:1735
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: grep.c:1313
+#: grep.c:1746
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: help.c:287
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:230
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:289
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
 "able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: remote.c:1607
+#: help.c:346
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:384 help.c:444
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lockfile.c:283
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lockfile.c:285
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/checkout.c:374 builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/clone.c:662
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:688
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:713 merge-recursive.c:734
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:789 builtin/clone.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:800
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:938
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:958
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1033 merge-recursive.c:1047
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1039 merge-recursive.c:1052
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1176
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1230
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1459
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1474 merge-recursive.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1525
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1528
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1586
+msgid "content"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1593
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1627
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1641
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1645 git-submodule.sh:1150
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1732
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1757
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1763
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1778
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1795
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1814
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1823
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1901
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1914
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1951
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2008
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2019 builtin/merge.c:667
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: notes-utils.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: notes-utils.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: object.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:546
+msgid "..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.c:605
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:432
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pathspec.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pretty.c:968
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: progress.c:225
+msgid "done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: read-cache.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: read-cache.c:1285
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:798
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1980
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1984
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1987
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:1991
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: remote.c:1613
+#: remote.c:1997
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:2000
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
@@ -161,7 +1050,11 @@ msgid_plural ""
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: remote.c:1621
+#: remote.c:2008
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: remote.c:2011
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -172,557 +1065,1458 @@ msgid_plural ""
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:120 builtin/merge.c:862 builtin/merge.c:983
-#: builtin/merge.c:1093 builtin/merge.c:1103
+#: remote.c:2021
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: revision.c:2348
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: run-command.c:83
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: run-command.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: send-pack.c:272
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: send-pack.c:356
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: send-pack.c:366
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:172 builtin/merge.c:782 builtin/merge.c:893 builtin/merge.c:995
+#: builtin/merge.c:1005
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:122 builtin/merge.c:334 builtin/merge.c:865
-#: builtin/merge.c:1095 builtin/merge.c:1108
+#: sequencer.c:174 builtin/merge.c:344 builtin/merge.c:785 builtin/merge.c:997
+#: builtin/merge.c:1010
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:142
+#: sequencer.c:195
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:198
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:154 sequencer.c:680 sequencer.c:763
+#: sequencer.c:211 sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:944
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:157
+#: sequencer.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:172
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:174
+#: sequencer.c:231
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:177
+#: sequencer.c:234
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:227
+#: sequencer.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:293
-msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+#: sequencer.c:339
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:359
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:296
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#: sequencer.c:482
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:311
+#: sequencer.c:501
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:319
+#: sequencer.c:509
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:323
+#: sequencer.c:513
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:334
+#: sequencer.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:338
+#: sequencer.c:530
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:422
+#: sequencer.c:616
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:423
+#: sequencer.c:617
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:445 sequencer.c:904 builtin/log.c:286 builtin/log.c:709
-#: builtin/log.c:1325 builtin/log.c:1544 builtin/merge.c:348
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
-msgid "revision walk setup failed"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: sequencer.c:448
+#: sequencer.c:653
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:456
+#: sequencer.c:661
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:461
+#: sequencer.c:665
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:546
+#: sequencer.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:568
+#: sequencer.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:752
 msgid "No commits parsed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:586
+#: sequencer.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:590
+#: sequencer.c:769
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:597
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:625
+#: sequencer.c:806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:628
+#: sequencer.c:809
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:640
+#: sequencer.c:821
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:661
+#: sequencer.c:842
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:662
+#: sequencer.c:843
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:666
+#: sequencer.c:847
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:682 sequencer.c:767
+#: sequencer.c:863 sequencer.c:948
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:701 sequencer.c:835
+#: sequencer.c:882 sequencer.c:1018
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:703
+#: sequencer.c:884
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:705
+#: sequencer.c:886
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:727
+#: sequencer.c:908 builtin/apply.c:4288
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:730
+#: sequencer.c:911
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:731
+#: sequencer.c:912
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:737
+#: sequencer.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:760
+#: sequencer.c:941
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:922
+#: sequencer.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1123
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: sequencer.c:923
+#: sequencer.c:1124
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:134
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1068
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1073
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:1109 builtin/init-db.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: submodule.c:1120
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:491 trailer.c:495 trailer.c:499 trailer.c:553 trailer.c:557
+#: trailer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:543 trailer.c:548 builtin/remote.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:581
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trailer.c:704
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:202
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:523
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:556
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:564
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:140 wt-status.c:157
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:142 wt-status.c:159
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:143
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:151
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:878
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:169
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:887
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#: wt-status.c:220
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:175
+#: wt-status.c:222
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:176
+#: wt-status.c:223
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:178
+#: wt-status.c:225
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:187
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s files:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: wt-status.c:190
+#: wt-status.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:207
-msgid "bug"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:214
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:258
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:216
+#: wt-status.c:260
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:217
+#: wt-status.c:262
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:218
+#: wt-status.c:264
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:248
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
 msgid "new commits, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#: wt-status.c:372
 msgid "modified content, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#: wt-status.c:374
 msgid "untracked content, "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:266
+#: wt-status.c:391
 #, c-format
-msgid "new file:   %s"
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:269
-#, c-format
-msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+#: wt-status.c:753
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:272
-#, c-format
-msgid "deleted:    %s"
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:835
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:955
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:275
+#: wt-status.c:965
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:968
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:974
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1036 wt-status.c:1053
 #, c-format
-msgid "modified:   %s"
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:278
+#: wt-status.c:1041 wt-status.c:1058
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1044
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1046
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1048
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1061
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1065
 #, c-format
-msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1070
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:281
+#: wt-status.c:1073
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1077
 #, c-format
-msgid "typechange: %s"
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:284
+#: wt-status.c:1082
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1085
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1087
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1097
 #, c-format
-msgid "unknown:    %s"
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1102
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1107
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:1116
 #, c-format
-msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:290
+#: wt-status.c:1121
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1126
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1137
 #, c-format
-msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:713
+#: wt-status.c:1141
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1144
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1321
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:720
+#: wt-status.c:1328
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1333
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1335
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1338
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:731
+#: wt-status.c:1355
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:745
-msgid "Untracked"
+#: wt-status.c:1369
+msgid "Untracked files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:747
-msgid "Ignored"
+#: wt-status.c:1371
+msgid "Ignored files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:749
+#: wt-status.c:1375
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1381
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:751
+#: wt-status.c:1383
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:757
+#: wt-status.c:1389
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:761
+#: wt-status.c:1394
 #, c-format
-msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:763
-msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
+#: wt-status.c:1397
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:765
+#: wt-status.c:1400
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:767
-msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#: wt-status.c:1403
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:769 wt-status.c:772 wt-status.c:775
+#: wt-status.c:1406
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:770
-msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
+#: wt-status.c:1409 wt-status.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:773
-msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
+#: wt-status.c:1412
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:776
-msgid " (working directory clean)"
+#: wt-status.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:884
+#: wt-status.c:1525
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:890
+#: wt-status.c:1531
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:905
+#: wt-status.c:1563
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:1565 wt-status.c:1573
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:908 wt-status.c:911
-msgid "ahead "
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: wt-status.c:913
-msgid ", behind "
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: builtin/add.c:65
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:298
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:277
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:134
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:456 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
-msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:785
 msgid "Could not read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:205
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:209
 msgid "Could not write patch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:216
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:221
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:312
+#: builtin/add.c:231
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:352
-#, c-format
-msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+#: builtin/add.c:248 builtin/clean.c:876 builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/mv.c:110
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/push.c:508 builtin/remote.c:1372
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/apply.c:4577 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1322 builtin/count-objects.c:63 builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:1617 builtin/mv.c:109 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:251
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:1126 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:260
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:262
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:353
-msgid "no files added"
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:359
+#: builtin/add.c:293
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:391
+#: builtin/add.c:329
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:393
+#: builtin/add.c:336
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:413
+#: builtin/add.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:420 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:358 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:363 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:920
+#: builtin/commit.c:335 builtin/mv.c:130 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:299
 msgid "index file corrupt"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/add.c:476 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:446 builtin/apply.c:4675 builtin/mv.c:279 builtin/rm.c:431
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:822
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:831
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1419
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1493
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2051
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2141
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2778
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2915
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3036
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3042
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3063
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3187
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3232 builtin/apply.c:3243 builtin/apply.c:3288
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3240
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3268 builtin/apply.c:3490
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3349 builtin/apply.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3353 builtin/apply.c:3496 builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3358 builtin/apply.c:3512
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3460
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3529
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3531
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3690 builtin/apply.c:3692
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3770
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3775
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3813
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3906 builtin/checkout.c:231 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4049
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4078
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4090 builtin/apply.c:4198
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4123
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4172
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4280
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4304
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4522 builtin/apply.c:4525 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4523
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "num"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4529
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4542
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4544
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4548
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4552
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4554
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556 builtin/checkout-index.c:198 builtin/ls-files.c:412
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4559
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "action"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4561
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4564 builtin/apply.c:4567
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4572
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4574
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4576
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4579
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4582
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4584
+msgid "root"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4585
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4607
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4615
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4618
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4651
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4657 builtin/apply.c:4667
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
 #: builtin/archive.c:17
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
@@ -740,164 +2534,549 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:137
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:35
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2500
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2501
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2502
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2503
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2504
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2505
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2506
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2507
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2508
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2509
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2510
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2511
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2512
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2513
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2514
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2515
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2516
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518 builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "score"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2601
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 "         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:141
+#: builtin/branch.c:156
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
 "         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#. TRANSLATORS: This is "remote " in "remote branch '%s' not found"
-#: builtin/branch.c:163
-msgid "remote "
+#: builtin/branch.c:170
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:174
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:187
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:171
+#: builtin/branch.c:215
 msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:177
+#: builtin/branch.c:221
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:182
+#: builtin/branch.c:229
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:192
+#: builtin/branch.c:245
 #, c-format
-msgid "%sbranch '%s' not found."
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:200
+#: builtin/branch.c:246
 #, c-format
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:206
+#: builtin/branch.c:260
 #, c-format
-msgid ""
-"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
-"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:214
+#: builtin/branch.c:261
 #, c-format
-msgid "Error deleting %sbranch '%s'"
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:219
+#: builtin/branch.c:268
 #, c-format
-msgid "Deleted %sbranch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:224
-msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+#: builtin/branch.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:322
+#: builtin/branch.c:370
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:394
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
 #, c-format
-msgid "behind %d] "
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:396
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
 #, c-format
-msgid "ahead %d] "
+msgid "[%s]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:398
+#: builtin/branch.c:469
 #, c-format
-msgid "ahead %d, behind %d] "
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:501
+#: builtin/branch.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:483
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:596
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:599
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:603
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:562
+#: builtin/branch.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:575
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:600
+#: builtin/branch.c:736
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:604
+#: builtin/branch.c:740
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:608
+#: builtin/branch.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:615
+#: builtin/branch.c:751
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:630
+#: builtin/branch.c:766
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:654
+#: builtin/branch.c:790
 #, c-format
-msgid "could not write branch description template: %s\n"
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834 builtin/branch.c:840 builtin/branch.c:861
+#: builtin/branch.c:867 builtin/commit.c:1582 builtin/commit.c:1583
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584 builtin/commit.c:1585 builtin/tag.c:616
+#: builtin/tag.c:622
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835 builtin/branch.c:841
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:847
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:850
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:851
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:852
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:853
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:854
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:742
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:858
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:867
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:871
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:884
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:747 builtin/clone.c:558
+#: builtin/branch.c:888 builtin/clone.c:637
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:805
+#: builtin/branch.c:910
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:921 builtin/branch.c:960
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:936
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:951
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:971
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:975
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:978 builtin/branch.c:1000 builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:998
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1018
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1024
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/branch.c:1027
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1045
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is okay\n"
@@ -911,104 +3090,274 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:113 builtin/checkout.c:146
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:326
+msgid "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:364
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:365
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:366
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:368
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:369
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:371
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:373
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:376
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/gc.c:274
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:189
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:191
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:193
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:195
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:201
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:205
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:208
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132 builtin/checkout.c:165
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:115 builtin/checkout.c:148
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:131
+#: builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:175
+#: builtin/checkout.c:194
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:192
+#: builtin/checkout.c:211
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:209
+#: builtin/checkout.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:255
+#: builtin/checkout.c:258
 #, c-format
-msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:234 builtin/checkout.c:392
-msgid "corrupt index file"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:264 builtin/checkout.c:271
+#: builtin/checkout.c:267
 #, c-format
-msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:302 builtin/checkout.c:498 builtin/clone.c:583
-#: builtin/merge.c:809
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:278 builtin/checkout.c:467
+msgid "corrupt index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:319 builtin/diff.c:298 builtin/merge.c:406
-msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:338 builtin/checkout.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+#: builtin/checkout.c:489
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#: builtin/checkout.c:615
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:565
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:572
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:575
+#: builtin/checkout.c:663
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:579
+#: builtin/checkout.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:581
+#: builtin/checkout.c:669 builtin/checkout.c:1050
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:583
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:639
+#: builtin/checkout.c:723
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:645
+#: builtin/checkout.c:729
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -1023,275 +3372,650 @@ msgid_plural ""
 msgstr[0] ""
 msgstr[1] ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:663
+#: builtin/checkout.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
 "to do so with:\n"
 "\n"
-" git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:692
+#: builtin/checkout.c:777
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:696
+#: builtin/checkout.c:781
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:722
+#: builtin/checkout.c:808 builtin/checkout.c:1045
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:853
+#: builtin/checkout.c:952
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:991
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:892
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1020
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:972
-msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:981
-msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062 builtin/checkout.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:984
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:986
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:992
-msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108 builtin/checkout.c:1110 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:159 builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "branch"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:999
-msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1109
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1112
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1114
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1117
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1119
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1121
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1122
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1123 builtin/merge.c:227
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1005
-msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1124 builtin/log.c:1239 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1007
-msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1017
-msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1051
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1130
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1170
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1175
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1212
 msgid "invalid path specification"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
-"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
-msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1066
-msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1224
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1228
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1088
-msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1091
-msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
-msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
+#: builtin/clean.c:299
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
+#: builtin/clean.c:517
 #, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
 #, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
 #, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:758
 #, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:783
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:791
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:819
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:827
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:844
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "force"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:878
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:714
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:443 builtin/name-rev.c:311 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:883
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:885
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:903
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:907
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:910
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66 builtin/fetch.c:111 builtin/merge.c:224
+#: builtin/push.c:523
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/clone.c:71 builtin/init-db.c:496
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:493
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100 builtin/init-db.c:502
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101 builtin/init-db.c:503
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:103
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
+#: builtin/clone.c:256
 #, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:260
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:302
+#: builtin/clone.c:263
 #, c-format
-msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:75
+#: builtin/clone.c:327 builtin/diff.c:84
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:343
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:341
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:392 builtin/clone.c:566
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:440
+#: builtin/clone.c:404
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:481
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:549
+#: builtin/clone.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:564
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:639
+#: builtin/clone.c:659
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:746
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:748
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:643
+#: builtin/clone.c:782
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:654
+#: builtin/clone.c:793
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:668
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:809
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:673
-msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+#: builtin/clone.c:815 builtin/fetch.c:1156
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:683
+#: builtin/clone.c:825
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:693
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:706 builtin/clone.c:720
+#: builtin/clone.c:850 builtin/clone.c:861
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:709
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
 #, c-format
-msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:728
+#: builtin/clone.c:871
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:730
+#: builtin/clone.c:873
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:786
+#: builtin/clone.c:898
+msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:913
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:916
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:925
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#: builtin/clone.c:976 builtin/clone.c:984
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:842
+#: builtin/clone.c:987
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:37
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/commit.c:42
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:47
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -1305,645 +4029,2010 @@ msgid ""
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:54
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
 "remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:59
+#: builtin/commit.c:77
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:205 builtin/reset.c:33
-msgid "merge"
+#: builtin/commit.c:84
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:208
-msgid "cherry-pick"
+#: builtin/commit.c:87
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:325
+#: builtin/commit.c:304
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:367
+#: builtin/commit.c:344
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:373
+#: builtin/commit.c:350
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:406 builtin/commit.c:427 builtin/commit.c:473
+#: builtin/commit.c:361
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:363
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:414 builtin/commit.c:463
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:457
-#, c-format
-msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a %s."
+#: builtin/commit.c:445
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:466
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:456
 msgid "cannot read the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:486
+#: builtin/commit.c:475
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:550 builtin/commit.c:556
+#: builtin/commit.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
 #, c-format
-msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:579
+#: builtin/commit.c:601
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:635
+#: builtin/commit.c:609
 #, c-format
-msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:653
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:670 builtin/commit.c:703 builtin/commit.c:1000
+#: builtin/commit.c:690 builtin/commit.c:723 builtin/commit.c:1080
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:682 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:702 builtin/shortlog.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:684
+#: builtin/commit.c:704
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:688
+#: builtin/commit.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:694
-msgid "commit has empty message"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:714
+#: builtin/commit.c:734
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:718
+#: builtin/commit.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:746
-#, c-format
-msgid "could not open '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:770
+#: builtin/commit.c:785
 msgid "could not write commit template"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:783
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"It looks like you may be committing a %s.\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
 "If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
 "\t%s\n"
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:796
-msgid "Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+#: builtin/commit.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:799
+#: builtin/commit.c:821
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
-" Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:804
+#: builtin/commit.c:828
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
-" Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:816
+#: builtin/commit.c:848
 #, c-format
-msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:823
+#: builtin/commit.c:856
 #, c-format
-msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:843
+#: builtin/commit.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:881
 msgid "Cannot read index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:880
+#: builtin/commit.c:938
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:895 builtin/tag.c:357
+#: builtin/commit.c:953 builtin/tag.c:495
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:975
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
 #, c-format
-msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:990 builtin/commit.c:1182
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070 builtin/commit.c:1310
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1030
+#: builtin/commit.c:1107
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1137
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1041
+#: builtin/commit.c:1146
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1043
-#, c-format
-msgid "You are in the middle of a %s -- cannot amend."
+#: builtin/commit.c:1149
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1151
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1045
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1057
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1063
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1080
+#: builtin/commit.c:1191
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1082
+#: builtin/commit.c:1193
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1084
+#: builtin/commit.c:1195
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1086
-msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:1197
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1096 builtin/tag.c:556
+#: builtin/commit.c:1209 builtin/tag.c:728
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1101
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1280
+#: builtin/commit.c:1324 builtin/commit.c:1604
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1326 builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1328 builtin/commit.c:1608 builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1331 builtin/commit.c:1610
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1334 builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1336 builtin/commit.c:1616 builtin/fast-export.c:980
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:983 builtin/tag.c:603
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1341 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "when"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1344
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1282
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1323
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1325
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
 msgid " (root-commit)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1415
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1577
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578 builtin/tag.c:601
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580 builtin/gc.c:275
+msgid "date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581 builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/notes.c:391
+#: builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/tag.c:599
+msgid "message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1585
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587 builtin/log.c:1191 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1588
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1589
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid "default"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590 builtin/tag.c:604
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592 builtin/merge.c:225 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/tag.c:605
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1593 builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1622
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1651
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1452 builtin/merge.c:507
+#: builtin/commit.c:1690 builtin/merge.c:519
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1697
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1466
+#: builtin/commit.c:1704
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1485
+#: builtin/commit.c:1723
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1499
+#: builtin/commit.c:1734
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1739
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1514 builtin/merge.c:933 builtin/merge.c:966
+#: builtin/commit.c:1754 builtin/merge.c:851 builtin/merge.c:876
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1535
-msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+#: builtin/commit.c:1787
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "Action"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1539
-msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1550
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:316
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:457
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
-"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
-"new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
-"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:589
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:55
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:65
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:452
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "Try --always, or create some tags."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
 "gave up search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:220
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:293
+#: builtin/diff.c:358
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:343
+#: builtin/diff.c:401
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:348
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/diff.c:358
+#: builtin/diff.c:410
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:366
+#: builtin/diff.c:417
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:200
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:24
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:979
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:981
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:987
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:991
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:993
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:995
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:19
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:91
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:104
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:110
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:121
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:124
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:125
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:252
+#: builtin/fetch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:258
+#: builtin/fetch.c:460
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:272
+#: builtin/fetch.c:474
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273 builtin/fetch.c:351
+#: builtin/fetch.c:475 builtin/fetch.c:561
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:284
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:286 builtin/fetch.c:313 builtin/fetch.c:331
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488 builtin/fetch.c:523 builtin/fetch.c:541
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:298
+#: builtin/fetch.c:506
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:302
+#: builtin/fetch.c:509
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:347
+#: builtin/fetch.c:512
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:347
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:353
+#: builtin/fetch.c:563
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:384 builtin/fetch.c:676
+#: builtin/fetch.c:596 builtin/fetch.c:829
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393
+#: builtin/fetch.c:605
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:479
+#: builtin/fetch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:711 builtin/fetch.c:794
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:490
+#: builtin/fetch.c:722
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
 " 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:540
+#: builtin/fetch.c:774
 #, c-format
-msgid "   (%s will become dangling)\n"
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:541
+#: builtin/fetch.c:775
 #, c-format
-msgid "   (%s has become dangling)\n"
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:548
+#: builtin/fetch.c:799
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:800 builtin/remote.c:1060
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:666
+#: builtin/fetch.c:819
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:700
+#: builtin/fetch.c:838
 #, c-format
-msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:777
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
 #, c-format
-msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:780
+#: builtin/fetch.c:897
 #, c-format
-msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:879
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1059
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:881
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1061 builtin/remote.c:90
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:898
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1079
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:918
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:970
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1144
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1146
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1169
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:972
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1171
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:983
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1182
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:991
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1190
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:63
-#, c-format
-msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:665 builtin/grep.c:698
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657 builtin/show-ref.c:178 builtin/tag.c:590
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+msgid "text"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:78
-msgid "Too many options specified"
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "file to read from"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:103
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:675
+msgid "unable to parse format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1063
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1078
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1080
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1082
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1084
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1087
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088 builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1089
+msgid "key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1090
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:147 builtin/prune.c:137
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:540
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:603
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:609
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:610
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:611
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:612
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619 builtin/prune.c:108
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:669
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:24
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:107
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:223
+#: builtin/gc.c:276
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:278
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:279
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:280
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:323
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:226
+#: builtin/gc.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:342
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
-"Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
-"run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:256
+#: builtin/gc.c:364
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:216
-#, c-format
-msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:402
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
 #, c-format
-msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:478 builtin/grep.c:512
+#: builtin/grep.c:441 builtin/grep.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:526
+#: builtin/grep.c:491
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:584
+#: builtin/grep.c:547
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:601
+#: builtin/grep.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:889
-msgid "no pattern given."
+#: builtin/grep.c:638
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:903
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
+#: builtin/grep.c:640
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:944
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:729
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:808
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:967
+#: builtin/grep.c:892
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:972
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:975
+#: builtin/grep.c:900
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:983
+#: builtin/grep.c:908
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:83
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94 builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:95
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:101
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:158 builtin/help.c:167 builtin/help.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:371
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:379
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:429
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:430
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:431
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:433
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:434
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:435
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:447
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:468 builtin/help.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:275
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:276
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:288
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:330
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:520
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:528
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:567
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:595
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:686 builtin/index-pack.c:692 builtin/index-pack.c:715
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:689 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:783
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:787
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:861 builtin/index-pack.c:890
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1081
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1086
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1089
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1100
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1123
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1133
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1175
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1195
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1322
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1343
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1356
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1410 builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1553
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1601 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1616 builtin/index-pack.c:1620
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1634
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638 builtin/index-pack.c:1647
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1655
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr ""
+
 #: builtin/init-db.c:35
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
@@ -1994,530 +6083,1202 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "ignoring template %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:133
+#: builtin/init-db.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long template path %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:141
+#: builtin/init-db.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "templates not found %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:154
+#: builtin/init-db.c:157
 #, c-format
 msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:192
+#: builtin/init-db.c:197
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane git directory %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:322 builtin/init-db.c:325
+#: builtin/init-db.c:331 builtin/init-db.c:334
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s already exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:354
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:357
+#: builtin/init-db.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:362
-#, c-format
-msgid "Could not create git link %s"
-msgstr ""
-
-#.
-#. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
-#. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
-#. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
-#.
-#: builtin/init-db.c:419
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:426
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
 msgid "Reinitialized existing"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
 msgid "Initialized empty"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+#: builtin/init-db.c:428
 msgid " shared"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:440
-msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:498
+msgid "permissions"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:521 builtin/init-db.c:528
+#: builtin/init-db.c:499
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:501 builtin/prune-packed.c:57 builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533 builtin/init-db.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:532
+#: builtin/init-db.c:542
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:554
+#: builtin/init-db.c:563
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
 "dir=<directory>)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:578
-msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
+#: builtin/init-db.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] "
+"[<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:25
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:585
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:81
 #, c-format
-msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "show source"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:185
+#: builtin/log.c:129
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:130
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:133
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:229
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:393 builtin/log.c:479
+#: builtin/log.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:472 builtin/log.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:503
+#: builtin/log.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:592
+#: builtin/log.c:689
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:665
+#: builtin/log.c:773
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:676
+#: builtin/log.c:789
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:690
+#: builtin/log.c:803
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:698
+#: builtin/log.c:811
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:735
-msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/log.c:781
+#: builtin/log.c:919
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:875
+#: builtin/log.c:998
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:948
+#: builtin/log.c:1026
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1071
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1169
-#, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1195
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1201
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/log.c:1214
-msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/log.c:1216
-msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1218
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221
+msgid "header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223 builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "email"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1227
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1228
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1230
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232 builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1240
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1242
+msgid "signature"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1221 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#: builtin/log.c:1243
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1245
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1246
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1320
 #, c-format
-msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1335
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1337
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1224
+#: builtin/log.c:1345
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1226
+#: builtin/log.c:1347
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1228
+#: builtin/log.c:1349
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1251
+#: builtin/log.c:1372
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1253
+#: builtin/log.c:1374
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1406
+#: builtin/log.c:1472
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1535
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1510
+#: builtin/log.c:1583
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1638
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1526 builtin/log.c:1528 builtin/log.c:1540
+#: builtin/log.c:1651 builtin/log.c:1653 builtin/log.c:1665
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:91
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:358
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:415
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:417
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:419
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:421
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:423
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:430
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:432
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:434
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:440
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:447
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:452
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:458
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:131
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:137 builtin/ls-tree.c:139
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:144
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:100
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:129
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:134
+#: builtin/merge.c:143
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:241
+#: builtin/merge.c:193
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:199
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214 builtin/notes.c:753 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:223
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:251
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:246
+#: builtin/merge.c:256
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:251
+#: builtin/merge.c:261
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:270 builtin/merge.c:287
+#: builtin/merge.c:280 builtin/merge.c:297
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:317
+#: builtin/merge.c:327
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:330
+#: builtin/merge.c:340
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:362
+#: builtin/merge.c:372
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/merge.c:374
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:397
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:435
+#: builtin/merge.c:447
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:534
+#: builtin/merge.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:627
+#: builtin/merge.c:654
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:677
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:694
-msgid "Unable to write index."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:707
+#: builtin/merge.c:678
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:721
+#: builtin/merge.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:735
+#: builtin/merge.c:705
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:874
+#: builtin/merge.c:794
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:883
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:889
+#: builtin/merge.c:809
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:913
+#: builtin/merge.c:833
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:925
+#: builtin/merge.c:845
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:998
+#: builtin/merge.c:900
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1014
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1055
+#: builtin/merge.c:957
 msgid "No current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1057
+#: builtin/merge.c:959
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1059
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1064
+#: builtin/merge.c:966
 #, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1186
+#: builtin/merge.c:1122
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1202 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1138
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
-"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1205 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1209
+#: builtin/merge.c:1145
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
-"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1212
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1221
+#: builtin/merge.c:1157
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1226
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1233
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1264
+#: builtin/merge.c:1198
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1267
+#: builtin/merge.c:1201
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1269
+#: builtin/merge.c:1203
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1273 builtin/merge.c:1317
+#: builtin/merge.c:1208
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1383
+#: builtin/merge.c:1259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1421
+#: builtin/merge.c:1388
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1428
+#: builtin/merge.c:1395
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1460
+#: builtin/merge.c:1427
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1483 builtin/merge.c:1560
+#: builtin/merge.c:1450 builtin/merge.c:1529
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1487
+#: builtin/merge.c:1454
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1551
+#: builtin/merge.c:1520
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1553
+#: builtin/merge.c:1522
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1562
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1573
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:64
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:150
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:151 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:69
 #, c-format
-msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:71
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:111
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:166
 msgid "bad source"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:115
+#: builtin/mv.c:169
 msgid "can not move directory into itself"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:118
+#: builtin/mv.c:172
 msgid "cannot move directory over file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:128
-#, c-format
-msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/mv.c:140
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
 msgid "source directory is empty"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:171
+#: builtin/mv.c:206
 msgid "not under version control"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:173
+#: builtin/mv.c:209
 msgid "destination exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#: builtin/mv.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "overwriting '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:184
+#: builtin/mv.c:220
 msgid "Cannot overwrite"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:187
+#: builtin/mv.c:223
 msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#: builtin/mv.c:225
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#: builtin/mv.c:253
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:215
+#: builtin/mv.c:256 builtin/remote.c:728 builtin/repack.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:139
-#, c-format
-msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:255
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:256
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:257
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:309
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:310
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:145
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:155
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:146
 #, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:150
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:158
@@ -2525,168 +7286,461 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:343
+#: builtin/notes.c:173 builtin/tag.c:477
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:189
+#: builtin/notes.c:192
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
-#, c-format
-msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
-msgstr ""
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:215
+#: builtin/notes.c:201
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#: builtin/notes.c:203
 #, c-format
-msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:521
+#: builtin/notes.c:231 builtin/tag.c:693
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:524
+#: builtin/notes.c:233 builtin/tag.c:696
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
-#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
-#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
-#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:537
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/notes.c:303 builtin/notes.c:305
+#: builtin/notes.c:365 builtin/notes.c:420 builtin/notes.c:506
+#: builtin/notes.c:511 builtin/notes.c:589 builtin/notes.c:652
+#: builtin/notes.c:854 builtin/tag.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#: builtin/notes.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:299
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+#: builtin/notes.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:340
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
 #, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:350
+#: builtin/notes.c:314
 #, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:377
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+#: builtin/notes.c:358 builtin/notes.c:413 builtin/notes.c:489
+#: builtin/notes.c:501 builtin/notes.c:577 builtin/notes.c:645
+#: builtin/notes.c:919
+msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:658
 #, c-format
-msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:456
-#, c-format
-msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+#: builtin/notes.c:392 builtin/notes.c:555
+msgid "note contents as a string"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
-#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
-#: builtin/notes.c:1033
-msgid "too many parameters"
+#: builtin/notes.c:395 builtin/notes.c:558
+msgid "note contents in a file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
-#, c-format
-msgid "No note found for object %s."
+#: builtin/notes.c:397 builtin/notes.c:400 builtin/notes.c:560
+#: builtin/notes.c:563 builtin/tag.c:628
+msgid "object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:401 builtin/notes.c:564
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:567
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:476
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:430
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#: builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:524
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:635
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:617 builtin/notes.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:477
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:479
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:497
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:518
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#: builtin/notes.c:530
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#: builtin/notes.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 "Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#: builtin/notes.c:750
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:752
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:754
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:756
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:758
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:760
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:762
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1103
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:872
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:953
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:954
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:989 builtin/remote.c:1621
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2310
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:771
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1013
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2173
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2570
 #, c-format
 msgid "unsupported index version %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2314
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2574
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2322
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
 #, c-format
 msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2326
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:44
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2628
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2630
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2635
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2637
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2641
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2643
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2653
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2655
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2657
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2663
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2669
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2671
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2673
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2674 parse-options.h:140
+msgid "time"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2675
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2678
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2680
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2682
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2684
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2686
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2688
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2690
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2781
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:110
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:85
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:63
+#: builtin/push.c:95
 msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:73
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:142
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:157
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -2696,7 +7750,7 @@ msgid ""
 "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:80
+#: builtin/push.c:171
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -2705,40 +7759,101 @@ msgid ""
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:88
+#: builtin/push.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:111
+#: builtin/push.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:205
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+"to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+"\n"
+"Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+"behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+"remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:272
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:131
-#, c-format
-msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+#: builtin/push.c:279
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:135
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:298
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:301
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:360
 #, c-format
-msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:143
+#: builtin/push.c:364
 #, c-format
-msgid ""
-"To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n"
-"Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the\n"
-"'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n"
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:160
+#: builtin/push.c:394
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:161
+#: builtin/push.c:395
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -2751,366 +7866,2019 @@ msgid ""
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:176
+#: builtin/push.c:410
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:177
+#: builtin/push.c:411
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:182
+#: builtin/push.c:416
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:183
+#: builtin/push.c:417
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:188
+#: builtin/push.c:422
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:274
+#: builtin/push.c:502
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:503
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:504
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:512
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:518
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519 builtin/push.c:520
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:526
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:539
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/push.c:276
+#: builtin/push.c:541
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:33
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:546 builtin/reflog.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:33
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:38
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:43
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:71
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:28
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:54
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:59
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:64
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:120
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:153
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:155
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:158
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:160
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:162
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:175
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:177
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187 builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:191 builtin/remote.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:235
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:436 builtin/remote.c:444
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:592 builtin/remote.c:598 builtin/remote.c:604
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:636 builtin/remote.c:795 builtin/remote.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:659 builtin/remote.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:691
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:713
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:833
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:951
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:953
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:955
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1006
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1007
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1010
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1056
+msgid "create"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1059
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1063
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1066
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1069
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1076
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1079
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1183 builtin/remote.c:1334
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1192 builtin/remote.c:1194
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1196 builtin/remote.c:1198 builtin/remote.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1202
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1217 builtin/remote.c:1244
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1226
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1234
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1241
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1262
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1264
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1279
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1319
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1330
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1331
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1354
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1357
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1402
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1468 builtin/remote.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1488
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1517
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1519
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1528
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1576
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1578
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1592
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
 msgid "mixed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:33
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
 msgid "soft"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:33
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
 msgid "hard"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:33
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
 #, c-format
-msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
 #, c-format
-msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#: builtin/reset.c:308 builtin/reset.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:302
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:311
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:325
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:341
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:91
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:361
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:366
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:371
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:209
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:224
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
-"(use -f to force removal)"
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:58
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:13
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:681
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:682
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:69
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:205
+#: builtin/tag.c:301
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:210
+#: builtin/tag.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' not found."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:225
+#: builtin/tag.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:237
+#: builtin/tag.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:247
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:254
+#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:294
+#: builtin/tag.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:428
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:296
+#: builtin/tag.c:430
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:321
+#: builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "bad object type."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:334
+#: builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "tag header too big."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:366
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:372
+#: builtin/tag.c:510
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:421
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:423
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:502
+#: builtin/tag.c:589
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:591
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:593
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:594
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:596
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:598
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:600
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:602
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:606
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:607
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:609
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:610
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "sort tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:617 builtin/tag.c:623
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:629
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:655
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:667
+msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:674
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:504
+#: builtin/tag.c:676
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:678
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:514
+#: builtin/tag.c:686
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:534
+#: builtin/tag.c:706
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:540
+#: builtin/tag.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/tag.c:717
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:563
+#: builtin/tag.c:741
 #, c-format
-msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:565
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:489
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:567
-#, c-format
-msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+#: builtin/update-index.c:403
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:786
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:799
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:802
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:804
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:806
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:808
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:812
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:816
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:820
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:824
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:827
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:829
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:833
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:835
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:359
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:361
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:75
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:267
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:49
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:143
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:158
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: rerere.h:27
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:53
 msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:135
+#: git-am.sh:98
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:108
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:124
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:140
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:144
+#: git-am.sh:142
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:157
 msgid ""
 "Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
 "It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:153
+#: git-am.sh:166
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:265
+#: git-am.sh:182
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:277
 msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:352
+#: git-am.sh:364
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:354
+#: git-am.sh:366
 msgid "Patch format detection failed."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:406
-msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#: git-am.sh:398
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:469
+#: git-am.sh:496
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:474
+#: git-am.sh:501
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:501
+#: git-am.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:545
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:567
+#: git-am.sh:612
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:743
+#: git-am.sh:722
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:749
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:796
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: git-am.sh:800
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr ""
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:754
+#: git-am.sh:807
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:790
+#: git-am.sh:843
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:835
+#: git-am.sh:864
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:872
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:888
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-am.sh:861
+#: git-am.sh:898
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:919
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr ""
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
@@ -3135,11 +9903,11 @@ msgstr ""
 #: git-bisect.sh:130
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:140
-msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:144
@@ -3165,69 +9933,261 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:250
+#: git-bisect.sh:253
 msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
 msgstr ""
 
+#: git-bisect.sh:276
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr ""
+
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
-#: git-bisect.sh:279
+#: git-bisect.sh:282
 msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:295
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:366 git-bisect.sh:493
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:373
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:382
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:409
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:410
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:474
-msgid "We are not bisecting."
+#: git-bisect.sh:439
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:446
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:472
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:478
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:485
+msgid "bisect run success"
 msgstr ""
 
 #: git-pull.sh:21
 msgid ""
 "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
 "Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
-"as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
 msgstr ""
 
 #: git-pull.sh:25
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-pull.sh:245
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:269
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-pull.sh:294
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:298
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr ""
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:169
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:208
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:213
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:351
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:356
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:367
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:374
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:377
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:414
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:492 git-rebase.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:566
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:586
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:590
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:601
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:610
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:620
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr ""
+
 #: git-stash.sh:51
 msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
 msgstr ""
@@ -3240,255 +10200,397 @@ msgstr ""
 msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:123 git-stash.sh:136
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
 msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:140
+#: git-stash.sh:141
 msgid "No changes selected"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:143
+#: git-stash.sh:144
 msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:156
+#: git-stash.sh:157
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:191
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:238
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:259
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:263
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:267
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:285
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:384
 msgid "No stash found."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:391
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:397
 #, sh-format
-msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:425
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:444
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:448
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:456
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:458
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:492
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:491
+#: git-stash.sh:507
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:530
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:531
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:499
+#: git-stash.sh:539
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-stash.sh:570
+#: git-stash.sh:611
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:56
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:108
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$path'"
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:173
+#: git-submodule.sh:287
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$path' failed"
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:247
+#: git-submodule.sh:296
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:416
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:264
+#: git-submodule.sh:433
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:437
 #, sh-format
-msgid "'$path' already exists in the index"
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:455
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:457
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:472
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:281
+#: git-submodule.sh:489
 #, sh-format
-msgid "'$path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:295
+#: git-submodule.sh:498
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$path'"
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:300
+#: git-submodule.sh:542
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to add submodule '$path'"
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:305
+#: git-submodule.sh:562
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register submodule '$path'"
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:347
+#: git-submodule.sh:608
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$path'"
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:359
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:401
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$path' in .gitmodules"
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:410
+#: git-submodule.sh:636
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$path'"
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:418
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$path'"
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:420
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$path'"
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:519
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$path' not initialized\n"
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:701
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:702
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:705
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:714
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:830
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:532
+#: git-submodule.sh:843
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$path'"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:551
+#: git-submodule.sh:852
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$path'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:565
+#: git-submodule.sh:876
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$path'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:566
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:571
+#: git-submodule.sh:891
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:572
+#: git-submodule.sh:895
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:577
+#: git-submodule.sh:896
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:578
+#: git-submodule.sh:901
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:600 git-submodule.sh:923
+#: git-submodule.sh:902
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:708
-msgid "--"
+#: git-submodule.sh:907
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:908
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:766
+#: git-submodule.sh:938
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1046
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:769
+#: git-submodule.sh:1098
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:772
+#: git-submodule.sh:1118
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:797
+#: git-submodule.sh:1121
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1149
 msgid "blob"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:798
-msgid "submodule"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1267
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
 msgstr ""
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:969
+#: git-submodule.sh:1331
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
 msgstr ""
diff --git a/po/it.po b/po/it.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9080219446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/it.po
@@ -0,0 +1,5367 @@
+# Italian translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2012 Marco Paolone <marcopaolone@gmail.com>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-06-08 10:20+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-06-14 14:13+0200\n"
+"Last-Translator: Marco Paolone <marcopaolone@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Italian\n"
+"Language: it\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: advice.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "suggerimento: %.*s\n"
+
+#.
+#. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
+#. * other commands doing a merge do.
+#.
+#: advice.c:70
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
+"and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
+"appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
+"or use 'git commit -a'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:36
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "header non riconosciuto: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:89 builtin/commit.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile aprire '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:140
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:164 sequencer.c:550 sequencer.c:982 builtin/log.c:289
+#: builtin/log.c:720 builtin/log.c:1309 builtin/log.c:1528 builtin/merge.c:347
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: bundle.c:290
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:296 builtin/log.c:1205 builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "argomento non riconosciuto: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "il ref '%s' è escluso dalle opzioni di rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:376
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:394
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:412
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile creare '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:437
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: commit.c:48
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile analizzare %s"
+
+#: commit.c:50
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s non è un commit!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "memoria esaurita"
+
+#: connected.c:39
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile eseguire 'git-rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:48
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "scrittura nella rev-list non riuscita: %s"
+
+#: connected.c:56
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "in futuro"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu secondo fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu secondi fa"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu un minuto fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu minuti fa"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu ora fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu ore fa"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu giorno fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu giorni fa"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu settimana fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu settimane fa"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu mese fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu mesi fa"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu anno"
+msgstr[1] "%lu anni"
+
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s, %lu mese fa"
+msgstr[1] "%s, %lu mesi fa"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu anno fa"
+msgstr[1] "%lu anni fa"
+
+#: diff.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
+msgstr "  Parametro dirstat '%.*s' sconosciuto\n"
+
+#: diff.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Trovati errori nella variabile di configurazione 'diff.dirstat':\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:1400
+msgid " 0 files changed\n"
+msgstr " 0 file modificati\n"
+
+#: diff.c:1404
+#, c-format
+msgid " %d file changed"
+msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+msgstr[0] " %d file modificato"
+msgstr[1] " %d file modificati"
+
+#: diff.c:1421
+#, c-format
+msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+msgstr[0] ", %d inserzione(+)"
+msgstr[1] ", %d inserzioni(+)"
+
+#: diff.c:1432
+#, c-format
+msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+msgstr[0] ". %d rimozione(-)"
+msgstr[1] ", %d rimozioni(-)"
+
+#: diff.c:3478
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Analisi del parametro dell'opzione --dirstat/-X non riuscita:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "non è stato possibile eseguire gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:71
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg non ha accettato i dati"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:82
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg non è riuscito a firmare i dati"
+
+#: grep.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "'%s': impossibile leggere %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1337
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "'%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1348
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "comandi git disponibili in '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "comandi git disponibili altrove nel tuo $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' sembra essere un comando git, ma non è stato\n"
+"possibile eseguirlo. Forse git-%s è corrotto?"
+
+#: help.c:327
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Oh oh. Il tuo sistema non riporta alcun comando Git."
+
+#: help.c:349
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "automaticamente tra %0.1f secondi..."
+
+#: help.c:361
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: '%s' non è un comando git. Vedi 'git --help'."
+
+#: help.c:365
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Intendevi questo?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Intendevi uno di questi?"
+
+#: parse-options.c:493
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:511
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "   uso: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:515
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "oppure: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: remote.c:1629
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Il tuo branch è avanti rispetto a '%s' di %d commit.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Il tuo branch è avanti rispetto a '%s' di %d commit.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1635
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: remote.c:1643
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:121 builtin/merge.c:865 builtin/merge.c:978
+#: builtin/merge.c:1088 builtin/merge.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile aprire '%s' per la scrittura"
+
+#: sequencer.c:123 builtin/merge.c:333 builtin/merge.c:868
+#: builtin/merge.c:1090 builtin/merge.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile scrivere su '%s'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:144
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"dopo aver risolto i conflitti, segna i path corretti\n"
+"con 'git add <path>' o 'git rm <path>'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:147
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"dopo aver risolto i conflitti, segna i path corretti\n"
+"con 'git add <path>' o 'git rm <path>' ed eseguire\n"
+"il commit del risultato con 'git commit'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:160 sequencer.c:758 sequencer.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile scrivere su %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:178
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Le tue modifiche locali verranno sovrascritte da cherry-pick"
+
+#: sequencer.c:180
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Le tue modifiche locali verranno sovrascritte da revert."
+
+#: sequencer.c:183
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: impossibile scrivere il nuovo index file"
+
+#: sequencer.c:261
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile risolvere il commit HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:282
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile analizzare il commit %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:395
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:398
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+msgstr "Non hai un HEAD valido"
+
+#: sequencer.c:413
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Il commit %s è un merge ma non è stata specificata l'opzione -m."
+
+#: sequencer.c:421
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:425
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:436
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Impossibile ottenere il messaggio di commit per %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:524
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile eseguire il revert di %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:525
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile applicare %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:553
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "è stato passato un set di commit vuoto"
+
+#: sequencer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: lettura di index non riuscita"
+
+#: sequencer.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: aggiornamento di index non riuscito"
+
+#: sequencer.c:624
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile analizzare la riga %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:651
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Nessun commit analizzato."
+
+#: sequencer.c:664
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile aprire %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile leggere %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:703
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Chiave non valida: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:706
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Valore non valido per %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:718
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:739
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "è già in corso un'operazione di cherry-pick o di revert"
+
+#: sequencer.c:740
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "prova \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | -- abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:760 sequencer.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:779 sequencer.c:913
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "nessuna operazione di cherry-pick o revert in corso"
+
+#: sequencer.c:781
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "impossibile risolvere HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:783
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:805 builtin/apply.c:3697
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:809
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "fine del file inattesa"
+
+#: sequencer.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:838
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1000
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Impossibile eseguire il revert come commit iniziale"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1001
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:864
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD non punta ad un branch"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nessun branch esistente: '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:869
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Nessun upstream configurato per il branch '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:872
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wrapper.c:413
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "impossibile trovare l'utente corrente nel file passwd: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:414
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "utente non esistente"
+
+#: wt-status.c:135
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:141 wt-status.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:143 wt-status.c:160
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:144
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (usa \"git add/rm <file>...\" come appropriato per la risoluzione)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:152
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:170
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:174
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:176
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:177
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:179
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s files:"
+msgstr "%s file:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:191
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:208
+msgid "bug"
+msgstr "bug"
+
+#: wt-status.c:213
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "entrambi eliminati:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:214
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "aggiunto da noi:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:215
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "eliminato da loro:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "aggiunto da loro:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:217
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "eliminato da noi:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:218
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "entrambi aggiunti:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:219
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "entrambi modificati:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:249
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "nuovi commit, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:251
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "contenuto modificato, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:253
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file:   %s"
+msgstr "nuovo file:   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+msgstr "copiato:     %s -> %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted:    %s"
+msgstr "eliminato:    %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+#, c-format
+msgid "modified:   %s"
+msgstr "modificato:   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:279
+#, c-format
+msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+msgstr "rinominato:    %s -> %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+#, c-format
+msgid "typechange: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown:    %s"
+msgstr "sconosciuto:    %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+#, c-format
+msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:737
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Sul branch "
+
+#: wt-status.c:744
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Commit iniziale"
+
+#: wt-status.c:769
+msgid "Untracked"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:771
+msgid "Ignored"
+msgstr "Ignorato"
+
+#: wt-status.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:775
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:781
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Nessuna modifica"
+
+#: wt-status.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
+msgstr "nessuna modifica aggiunta al commit%s\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:787
+msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
+msgstr " (usa \"git add\" e/o \"git commit -a\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:791
+msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:793 wt-status.c:796 wt-status.c:799
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:794
+msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:797
+msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:800
+msgid " (working directory clean)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:908
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (nessun branch)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:914
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Commit iniziale su "
+
+#: wt-status.c:929
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "indietro "
+
+#: wt-status.c:932 wt-status.c:935
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "avanti "
+
+#: wt-status.c:937
+msgid ", behind "
+msgstr ", indietro "
+
+#: builtin/add.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "status diff %c inatteso"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:226
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "aggiornamento dei file non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "elimina '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:176
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Il path '%s' è nel sottomodulo '%.*s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:192
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:456 builtin/rm.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "'%s' si trova oltre un link simbolico"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:276
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile leggere index"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile aprire '%s' per la scrittura."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:290
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile scrivere la patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:295
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile eseguire lo stat di '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:297
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Patch vuota. Operazione interrotta."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:303
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile applicare '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:312
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr "I seguenti path sono stati ignorati da uno o più dei tuoi file .gitignore:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Usa -f se vuoi davvero aggiungerli.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+msgid "no files added"
+msgstr "nessun file aggiunto"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:359
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "aggiunta dei file non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:391
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A e -u sono reciprocamente incompatibili"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:393
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "L'opzione --ignore-missing può essere usata solo con --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:413
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:414
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Forse intendevi dire 'git add .'?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:420 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:286 builtin/mv.c:82
+#: builtin/rm.c:162
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "index file corrotto"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:476 builtin/apply.c:4108 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Impossibile scrivere il nuovo index file"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:53
+msgid "git apply [options] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [opzioni] [<patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:824
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec ha restituito %d per l'input: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "impossibile trovare il nome del file nella patch alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff errato - atteso /dev/null, ricevuto %s alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:941
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff errato - nuovo nome del file inconsistente alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff errato - vecchio nome del file inconsistente alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff errato - atteso /dev/nulla alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1394
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount: riga inattesa: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1451
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "frammento di patch senza intestazione alla riga %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1628
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "il nuovo file dipende da contenuti precedenti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1630
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "il file eliminato ha ancora dei contenuti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1692
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "il nuovo file %s dipende da contenuti precedenti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1694
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "il file eliminato %s ha ancora dei contenuti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1697
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** attenzione: il file %s diventa vuoto ma non è eliminato"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1843
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "patch binaria corrotta alla riga %d: %.*s"
+
+#. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
+#: builtin/apply.c:1872
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "patch binaria non riconosciuta alla riga %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1958
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2048
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere il link simbolico %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2052
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire o leggere %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2123
+msgid "oops"
+msgstr "oops"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2645
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "inizio della riga non valido: '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2763
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2775
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2781
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"durante la ricerca per:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2800
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "dati della patch binaria mancanti per '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2903
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "la patch binaria non può essere applicata a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr "la patch binaria su '%s' crea risultati non corretti (atteso %s, ricevuto %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2930
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "patch non riuscita: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3045
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "la patch %s è stata rinominata/eliminata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3052 builtin/apply.c:3069
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "lettura di %s non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3084
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "la rimozione della patch lascia contenuti del file"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3105
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: esiste già nella directory di lavoro"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3143
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+msgstr "%s: è stata eliminata/rinominata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3148 builtin/apply.c:3179
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: non esiste in index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3173
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: non corrisponde a index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3190
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: tipo errato"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3192
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s ha il tipo %o, atteso %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3247
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: esiste già in index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3267
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3272
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3280
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: la patch non può essere applicata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3293
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Controllo della patch %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3348 builtin/checkout.c:212 builtin/reset.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry non riuscito per il path '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3491
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "impossibile rimuovere %s da index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
+msgstr "patch corrotta per il sottoprogetto %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3522
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile eseguire lo stat del file appena creato '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3527
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3530
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "impossibile aggiungere la voce della cache per %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3563
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "chiusura del file '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3612
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere il file '%s' in modalità %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Patch %s applicata correttamente."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3676
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "errore interno"
+
+#. Say this even without --verbose
+#: builtin/apply.c:3679
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3689
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3710
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Frammento #%d applicato correttamente."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3713
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Frammento #%d respinto."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3844
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "input non riconosciuto"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3855
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere index file"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3970 builtin/apply.c:3973
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "path"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3971
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "non applica le modifiche corrispondenti al path specificato"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3974
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "applica le modifiche corrispondenti al path specificato"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3976
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "num"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3977
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3980
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignora le aggiunte create dalla patch"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3982
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "invece di applicare la patch, mostra l'output di diffstat per l'input"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3986
+msgid "shows number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "mostra il numero di righe aggiunte e eliminate in notazione decimale"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3988
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "invece di applicare la patch, mostra un riassunto per l'input"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3990
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "invece di applicare la patch, verifica se può essere applicata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3992
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "assicura che la patch sia applicabile all'attuale index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3994
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3996
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "applica anche la patch (da usare con --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3998
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4000
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "i path sono separati con un carattere NUL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4003
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "assicura almeno <n> righe di contesto corrispondente"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4004
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "azione"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4005
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "rileva righe nuove o modificate che hanno errori di spazi bianchi"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4008 builtin/apply.c:4011
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4014
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "applica la patch in maniera inversa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4016
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4018
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "lascia i frammenti respinti nei file .rej corrispondenti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4020
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "consente la sovrapposizione dei frammenti"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4021
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "dettagliato"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4023
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4026
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4028
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "radice"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4029
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "antepone <root> a tutti i nomi file"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4050
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index al di fuori di un repository"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4053
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached al di fuori di un repository"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4069
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire la patch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4083
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4089 builtin/apply.c:4099
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d riga aggiunge errori di spazi bianchi."
+msgstr[1] "%d righe aggiungono errori di spazi bianchi."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile creare il file del repository '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile redirigere l'output"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Remote non ha un URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: atteso ACK/NAK, ricevuto EOF"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "errore remoto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:66
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: errore del protocollo"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:71
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: atteso un flush"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:148
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:180
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "impossibile usare -a con -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:186
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "il branch remoto '%s' non è stato trovato."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "branch '%s' non trovato."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Errore nella rimozione del branch remoto '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Errore nella rimozione del branch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Ramo remoto %s eliminato (era %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Ramo %s eliminato (era %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:239
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Aggiornamento del file di configurazione fallito"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:337
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "il branch '%s' non punta ad un commit"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:409
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: dietro %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[dietro %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: avanti %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:417
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:420
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:423
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:535
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(nessun branch)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:600
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:613
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nome del branch non valido: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:638
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:642
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Ramo rinominato in %s, ma HEAD non è aggiornato!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:653
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+"Il branch è stato rinominato, ma l'aggiornamento del file di configurazione "
+"è fallito"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "nome dell'oggetto %s errato"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:692
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:783
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:788 builtin/clone.c:558
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:808
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column e --verbose non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"le opzioni -a e -r per 'git branch' non hanno senso con il nome di un branch"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s è corretto\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:113 builtin/checkout.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "il path '%s' non ha la nostra versione"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:115 builtin/checkout.c:148
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "il path '%s' non ha la loro versione"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "il path '%s' non ha le versioni necessarie"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:234 builtin/checkout.c:392
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "file index corrotto"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:264 builtin/checkout.c:271
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:302 builtin/checkout.c:498 builtin/clone.c:583
+#: builtin/merge.c:812
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere il nuovo file index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:319 builtin/diff.c:302 builtin/merge.c:408
+msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+msgstr "diff_setup_done non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "è necessario risolvere prima l'attuale index"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:566
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD si trova ora a"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Ripristina il branch '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:576
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Si è già su '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Si è passati al branch '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:640
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... e %d altri.\n"
+
+#. The singular version
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Se si vuole mantenerle creando un nuovo branch, questo potrebbe essere\n"
+"un buon momento per farlo con:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch nuovo_nome_branch %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:694
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:698
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "La precedente posizione di HEAD era"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:724
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. case (1)
+#: builtin/checkout.c:855
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "riferimento non valido: %s"
+
+#. case (1): want a tree
+#: builtin/checkout.c:894
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:974
+msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
+msgstr "-B non può essere usata con -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:983
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
+msgstr "--patch non è compatibile con tutte le altre opzioni"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:986
+msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+msgstr "--detach non può essere usata con -b/-B/--orphan"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:988
+msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+msgstr "--detach non può essere usata con -t"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:994
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track necessita del nome di un branch"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1001
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Nome del branch mancante; prova con -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1007
+msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1009
+msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+msgstr "--orphan non può essere usata con -t"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1019
+msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+msgstr "git checkout: -f e -m non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1053
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1063
+msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1068
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach non prende un path come argomento"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1071
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1090
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1093
+msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
+msgstr "--ours/--theirs non sono compatibili con il passaggio ai branch."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:78
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x e -X non possono essere usati insieme"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:82
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce è impostato a vero, ma né -n né -f sono state specificate; "
+"clean interrotto"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:85
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce è vero per default, ma né -n né -f sono state specificate; "
+"clean interrotto"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Rimozione di %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "rimozione di %s non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:166
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
+msgstr "il repository di riferimento '%s' non è una directory locale."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:302
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "apertura di '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "creazione della directory '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:75
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "stat di '%s' non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s esiste e non è una directory"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "stat di %s non riuscito\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:341
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "rimozione del link '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "creazione del link '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "copia del file in '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "fatto.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile trovare il branch remoto %s da clonare."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:549
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"l'HEAD remoto si riferisce ad un ref inesistente, impossibile eseguire il "
+"checkout.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:639
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Troppi argomenti."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:643
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Devi specificare un repository da clonare."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:654
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "le opzioni --bare e --origin %s non sono compatibili."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "il repository '%s' non esiste"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:673
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr ""
+"il path di destinazione '%s' esiste già e non è una directory vuota."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:693
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:706 builtin/clone.c:720
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:728
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clone nel repository spoglio '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:730
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Non so come clonare %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Il branch remoto %s non è stato trovato in upstream %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:842
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Sembra che tu abbia clonato un repository vuoto."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command deve essere il primo argomento"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Il tuo nome e l'indirizzo email sono stati configurati automaticamente usando\n"
+"il tuo nome utente ed il nome host. Per favore, verifica che siano esatti.\n"
+"È possibile eliminare questo messaggio impostandoli esplicitamente:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Tuo Nome\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email tu@esempio.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Dopo questa operazione, puoi ripristinare l'identità usata in questo commit con:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:55
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:253
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:295
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:301
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "add interattivo non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:334 builtin/commit.c:355 builtin/commit.c:405
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere il file new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:386
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "impossibile eseguire un commit parziale durante un merge."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:388
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "impossibile eseguire un commit parziale durante un cherry-pick."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:398
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:418
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:493 builtin/commit.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+msgstr "commit non valido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:522
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "parametro --author malformato"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:620 builtin/commit.c:653 builtin/commit.c:967
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile trovare il commit %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:632 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(lettura del messaggio di log dallo standard input)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:634
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere il log dallo standard input"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere il file di log '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:644
+msgid "commit has empty message"
+msgstr "il commit ha un messaggio vuoto"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:660
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:664
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:720
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile scrivere il modello di commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Sembra che si stia eseguendo il commit di un merge.\n"
+"Se l'operazione non è corretta, per favore elimina il file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"e riprova.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:736
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Sembra che si stia eseguendo il commit di un cherry-pick.\n"
+"Se l'operazione non è corretta, per favore rimuovi il file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"e riprova.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:748
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Per favore inserisci il messaggio di commit per le modifiche. Le righe\n"
+"che iniziano con '#' verranno ignorate, e un messaggio vuoto annulla il commit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:753
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Per favore inserisci il messaggio di commit per le modifiche. Le\n"
+"righe che iniziano con '#' verranno mantenute; possono comunque essere\n"
+"rimosse manualmente. Un messaggio vuoto annulla il commit.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
+msgstr "%sAutore:    %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
+msgstr "%sCommitter: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:793
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Impossibile leggere index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:830
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:845 builtin/tag.c:361
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Per favore, specifica il messaggio usando l'opzione -m o -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+msgstr "Nessun autore esistente trovato con '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:957 builtin/commit.c:1157
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:997
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "L'uso di entrambe le opzioni --reset-author e --author non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1008
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1011
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1013
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1016
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Le opzioni --squash e --fixup non possono essere usate insieme"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1026
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Solo una delle opzioni -c/-C/-F/--fixup può essere usata."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1028
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "L'opzione -m non può essere combinata con -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1036
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "L'opzione --reset-author può essere usata solo con -C, -c o --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1053
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Può essere usata solo una delle opzioni --include/--only/--all/--"
+"interactive/--patch ."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Devi specificare un path se usi --include/--only."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1057
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1059
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1069 builtin/tag.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1074
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "I path con -a non hanno senso."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1257
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile trovare il commit appena creato"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1259
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile analizzare il commit appena creato"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1300
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1302
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (root-commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1446
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile analizzare il commit HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1484 builtin/merge.c:509
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile aprire '%s' per la lettura"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1491
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "File MERGE_HEAD corrotto (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1498
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile leggere il messaggio di commit: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Commit interrotto; il messaggio non è stato modificato.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1536
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Interruzione del commit a causa di un messaggio di commit vuoto.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1551 builtin/merge.c:936 builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "scrittura dell'oggetto di commit non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1572
+msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1576
+msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Il repository è stato aggiornato, ma non è stato possibile scrivere il file\n"
+"new_index. Verifica che l'unità disco non sia piena o che la quota non sia\n"
+"stata superata, ed esegui \"git reset HEAD\" per il ripristino."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "il tag '%s' è davvero '%s' qui"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "Non è il nome di un oggetto valido %s"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s non è un oggetto '%s' valido"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "nessun tag corrisponde esattamente a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Nessun tag può descrivere '%s'.\n"
+"Prova con --always, o crea dei tag."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:436
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long non è compatibile con --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:462
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:482
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "'%s': non è un file regolare o un link simbolico"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "opzione non valida: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:297
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Non è un repository git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "oggetto non valido '%s' specificato."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:362
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "più di due blob specificati: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "oggetto non gestito '%s' specificato."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:200
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "oggetto %s non trovato"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[aggiornato]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:274 builtin/fetch.c:360
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[respinto]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[tag aggiornata]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:287 builtin/fetch.c:322 builtin/fetch.c:340
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (impossibile aggiornare il ref locale)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[nuova tag]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[nuovo branch]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[nuovo ref]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "impossibile aggiornare il ref locale"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "aggiornamento forzato"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:393 builtin/fetch.c:685
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire %s: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s non ha inviato tutti gli oggetti necessari\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Da %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"non è stato possibile aggiornare alcuni ref locali; prova con\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' per rimuovere ogni branch che vada in conflitto"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[eliminato]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:558 builtin/remote.c:1055
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(nessuno)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "L'opzione \"%s\" è ignorata per %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:888
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:890 builtin/remote.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:907
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Nessun repository remoto specificato. Per favore, specifica un URL o\n"
+"il nome di un remote da cui prelevare nuove revisioni."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:927
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Devi specificare il nome di un tag."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:979
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all non richiede il repository come argomento"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:992
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1000
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "%s non valido: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+"run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:251
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: creazione del thread non riuscita: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:402
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:478 builtin/grep.c:512
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere il tree (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "switch '%c' richiede un valore numerico"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:601
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:885
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "nessun modello specificato."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:899
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad object %s"
+msgstr "oggetto %s errato"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:940
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:963
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached o --untracked non può essere usato con --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:968
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index o --untracked non possono essere usate con le revisioni."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:971
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:979
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:59
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "formato di aiuto '%s' non riconosciuto"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:87
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Esecuzione di emacsclient non riuscita."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:100
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Verifica della versione di emacsclient non riuscita."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "la versione '%d' di emacsclient è troppo vecchia (<22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:126 builtin/help.c:154 builtin/help.c:163 builtin/help.c:171
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "esecuzione di '%s' non riuscita: %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': path ad un visualizzatore man pages non supportato.\n"
+"Usa invece 'man.<tool>.cmd'."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': comando per visualizzatore man pages supportato.\n"
+"Per favore usa 'man.<tool>.path' invece."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:287
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "I comandi git usati più di frequente sono:"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s': visualizzatore man sconosciuto."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:372
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "nessun visualizzatore man ha gestito la richiesta"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:380
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "nessun visualizzatore info ha gestito la richiesta"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+msgstr "'%s': non è una directory della documentazione."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432 builtin/help.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "uso: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "'git %s è un alias di '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:169
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:189
+msgid "object of unexpected type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:236
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "EOF prematuro"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:237
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "errore di lettura in input"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:249
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "usati più byte di quelli disponibili"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:256
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "pack troppo largo per la definizione corrente di off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile creare '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile aprire il file pack '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:291
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "la firma del pack non coincide"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:405
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:450
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:458
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:466
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "tipo di oggetto %d sconosciuto"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:495
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:497
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:510
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:583
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "non è possibile leggere l'oggetto %s esistente"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "TROVATA COLLISIONE SHA1 CON %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:598
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "oggetto blob %s non valido"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:610
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "%s non valido"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:612
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Errore nell'oggetto"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:614
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Non tutti gli oggetti figlio di %s sono raggiungibili"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:687 builtin/index-pack.c:713
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "applicazione del delta non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Ricezione degli oggetti"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:850
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Indicizzazione degli oggetti"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:872
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "il pack è corrotto (SHA1 non corrisponde)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:877
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:880
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:903
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Risoluzione dei delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:954
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "confusione al di là della follia"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:973
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "pack ha %d delta irrisolto"
+msgstr[1] "pack ha %d delta irrisolti"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "l'oggetto locale %s è corrotto"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1101
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "errore nella chiusura del file pack"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1114
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere il file keep '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1122
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1135
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "impossibile archiviare il file pack"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1146
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "impossibile archiviare index file"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1247
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Impossibile aprire il file pack '%s' esistente"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1249
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1296
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "non delta: %d oggetto"
+msgstr[1] "non delta: %d oggetti"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1303
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "lunghezza della catena = %d: %lu oggetto"
+msgstr[1] "lunghezza della catena = %d: %lu oggetti"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1330
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1374 builtin/index-pack.c:1377
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1389 builtin/index-pack.c:1393
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "%s errato"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1407
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin non può essere usato senza --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1411 builtin/index-pack.c:1421
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "il nome del file pack '%s' non termina con '.pack'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1430
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify senza un nome del file pack specificato"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Non è stato possible rendere %s scrivibile dal gruppo"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile eseguire lo stat di '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:141
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:154
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:322 builtin/init-db.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s esiste già"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "impossibile gestire il tipo di file %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "impossibile spostare %s in %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:362
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile creare il link git %s"
+
+#.
+#. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s repository Git in %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Reinizializzato un esistente"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Inizializzato un"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " condiviso"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:440
+msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:521 builtin/init-db.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:532
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:554
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (o --work-tree=<directory>) non consentito senza specificare %s (o --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:578
+msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
+msgstr "Impossibile accedere alla directory di lavoro corrente"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Output finale: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:401 builtin/log.c:489
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile leggere l'oggetto %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Tipo sconosciuto: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers non ha alcun valore"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:676
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "il nome della directory di output è troppo lungo"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:687
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Impossibile aprire il file patch %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:701
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:709
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:786
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:932
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Due directory di output?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1153
+#, c-format
+msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1200
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1210
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1212
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "standard output, o directory, quale dei due?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1237
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile creare la directory '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1390
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Creazione dei file di output non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1494
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1510 builtin/log.c:1512 builtin/log.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Commit %s sconosciuto"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:90
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "lo switch 'm' richiede un valore"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile trovare la strategia di merge '%s'.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Le strategie disponibili sono:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Le strategie personalizzate disponibili sono:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:240
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "non è stato possibile eseguire stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:245
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "esecuzione di stash non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "non è un oggetto valido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:269 builtin/merge.c:286
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:316
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:361
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Scrittura di SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:363
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Completamento di SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Nessun messaggio di merge -- HEAD non viene aggiornato\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:437
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' non punta ad un commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Stringa branch.%s.mergeoptions errata: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:629
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:679
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "lettura della cache non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:697
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Impossibile scrivere index."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:710
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Opzione per merge-recursive sconosciuta: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "non è possibile scrivere %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:877
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile leggere da '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:892
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Messaggio di commit vuoto."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:928
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Splendido.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:993
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Merge automatico fallito; risolvi i conflitti ed eseguire il commit\n"
+"del risultato.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' non è un commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1050
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Nessun branch corrente."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1052
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Nessun remote per il branch corrente."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1054
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Nessun upstream di default definito per il branch corrente."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1059
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1146 builtin/merge.c:1303
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - non è qualcosa per cui possiamo eseguire il merge"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1214
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Non c'è nessun merge da interrompere (manca MERGE_HEAD)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1230 git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Il merge non è stato concluso (esiste MERGE_HEAD).\n"
+"Per favore, esegui il commit delle modifiche prima del merge."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1233 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Il merge non è stato concluso (esiste MERGE_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1237
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Il cherry-pick non è stato concluso (esiste CHERRY_PICK_HEAD).\n"
+"Per favore, esegui il commit delle modifiche prima del merge."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1240
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Il tuo cherry-pick non è stato concluso (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD esiste)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1249
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Impossibile combinare --squash con --no-off."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+msgstr "Impossibile combinare --no-ff con --ff-only."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1261
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Nessun commit specificato e merge.defaultToUpstream non definito."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1293
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1296
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1298
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1413
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Aggiornamento di %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1451
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1458
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "No.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1490
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Fast-forward non possibile, stop."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1513 builtin/merge.c:1592
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Tentativo con la strategia di merge %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1583
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Nessuna strategia di merge ha gestito il merge.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1585
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Merge con la strategia %s fallito.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1606
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Il merge automatico è andato a buon fine; fermato prima del commit come "
+"richiesto\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:115
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "non è possibile spostare la directory in sé stessa"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:118
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "non è possibile spostare la directory su un file"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
+msgstr "Eh? %.*s si trova in index?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:140
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "la directory sorgente è vuota"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:171
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "non è sotto controllo di versione"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "la destinazione esiste"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "sovrascrittura di %s in corso"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:184
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Impossibile sovrascrivere"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:187
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "fonti multiple per la stessa destinazione"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, sorgente=%s, destinazione=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Rinominazione di %s in %s in corso\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:215 builtin/remote.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "rinomina di '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile avviare 'show' per l'oggetto '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:145
+msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile creare il file '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:189
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Per favore specifica il contenuto delle note usando le opzioni -m o -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Rimozione della nota per l'oggetto %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:215
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere l'oggetto nota"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
+msgstr "Il contenuto della nota è stato lasciato in %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "impossibile leggere '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile aprire o leggere '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
+#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
+#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
+#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:558
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Lettura dell'oggetto '%s' non riuscita."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valore di notes.rewriteMode errato: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Impossibile riscrivere le note in %s (al di fuori di refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: builtin/notes.c:377
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Valore di %s errato: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Riga di input malformata: '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Copia delle note da '%s' a '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
+#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
+#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "troppi parametri"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Nessuna nota trovata per l'oggetto %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Sovrascrittura delle note esistenti per l'oggetto %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:635
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "troppi pochi parametri"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Impossibile copiare le note. Trovate note esistenti per l'oggetto %s. Usa "
+"'-f' per sovrascrivere le note esistenti"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Note mancanti per l'oggetto sorgente %s. Impossibile copiare."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Le opzioni -m/-F/-c/-C per il sottocomando 'edit' sono deprecate.\n"
+"Per favore usa 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' invece.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "L'oggetto %s non ha note.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1103 builtin/remote.c:1598
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Sottocomando sconosciuto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2337
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "versione %s di index non supportata"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2341
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "versione '%s' di index errata"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2364
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "l'opzione %s non accetta forme negative"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2368
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr "impossibile analizzare il valore '%s' per l'opzione %s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:45
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:64
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete accetta solo nomi dei ref di destinazione in chiaro"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Il branch corrente %s non ha alcun branch upstream.\n"
+"Per eseguire il push del branch corrente ed impostare remote come upstream, usa\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "Il branch corrente %s ha branch multipli in upstream; push non eseguito."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:174
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Non è stato specificato alcun refspec per il push, e push.default è \"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:181
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
+"before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:187
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration\n"
+"variable to 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:193
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "repository '%s' errato"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:270
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nessuna destinazione per il push configurata.\n"
+"Specifica un URL dalla riga di comando oppure configurare un repository "
+"remoto usando\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <nome> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"e poi eseguire il push usando il nome del remote\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <nome>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all e --tags non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:286
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror e --tags non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:292
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:297
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all e --mirror non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:385
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete non è compatibile con --all, --mirror e --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete non ha senso senza alcun ref"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Aggiornamento di %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:130
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror è pericoloso e deprecato; per favore\n"
+"\t usa invece --mirror-fetch o --mirror-push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "argomento di mirror sconosciuto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:185
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "specificare un branch master con --mirror non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:195 builtin/remote.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "il remoto %s esiste già."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:199 builtin/remote.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' non è un nome di remoto valido"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile configurare il master '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "più di un %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:339
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:440 builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(corrispondente)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:452
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(elimina)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:595 builtin/remote.c:601 builtin/remote.c:607
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile aggiungere '%s' a '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:639 builtin/remote.c:792 builtin/remote.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Remote non esistente: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:656
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile rinominare la sezione di configurazione da '%s' in '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:662 builtin/remote.c:799
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile rimuovere la sezione di configurazione '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:677
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:694
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile impostare '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:716
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "eliminazione di '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "creazione di '%s' non riuscita"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile rimuovere il branch %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:834
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nota: un branch al di fuori della gerarchia refs/remotes/ non è stato "
+"eliminato;\n"
+"per eliminarlo, usare:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Nota: alcuni branch al di fuori della gerarchia refs/remotes/ non sono stati "
+"eliminati;\n"
+"per eliminarli, usare:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:946
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " vecchio (usare 'git remote prune' per rimuoverlo)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:950
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr "???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr ""
+"branch.%s.merge non valido; impossibile eseguire il rebase su > 1 branch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1001
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " merge con il remote %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1002
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    e con il remote"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "merge con il remote %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1005
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "crea"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1054
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "elimina"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1058
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "aggiornato"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1061
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1064
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "locale non aggiornato"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1074
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1078
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s esegue il push su %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1118
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* remote %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1120 builtin/remote.c:1285
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(nessun URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1129 builtin/remote.c:1131
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1133 builtin/remote.c:1135 builtin/remote.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  branch HEAD: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1139
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  branch HEAD (l'HEAD remoto è ambiguo, potrebbe essere uno dei seguenti):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1151
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Branch remoto:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Branch remoti:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154 builtin/remote.c:1181
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Branch locale configurato per 'git pull':"
+msgstr[1] "  Branch locali configurati per 'git pull':"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1171
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1178
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Ref locale configurato per 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Ref locali configurati per 'git push'%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1216
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Impossibile determinare l'HEAD remoto"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1218
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile eliminare %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1236
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Non è un ref valido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1238
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile configurare %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1282
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1295
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1387 builtin/remote.c:1461
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Remote '%s' non esistente"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1414
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "nessun remote specificato"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1447
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete non ha senso"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Nessuna URL trovata: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1497
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:77
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:79
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:96
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile scrivere il nuovo index file."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD ora si trova a %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:130
+msgid "Could not read index"
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile leggere index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:133
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Impossibile eseguire un %s reset nel corso di un merge."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Non è stato possibile analizzare l'oggetto '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:302
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch non è compatibile con --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:311
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr "--mixed con i path è deprecata; usa invece 'git reset -- <path>'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "%s reset non è consentito in un repository spoglio"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:341
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Non è stato possibile ripristinare index file "
+"alla revisione '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s non può essere usata con %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:131
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "errore del programma"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:221
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "revert non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:236
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "cherry-pick non riuscito"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"'%s' contiene delle modifiche locali\n"
+"(usa --cached per mantenere il file, o -f per forzare la rimozione)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: non è possibile eliminare %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Autore mancante: %s"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "nome tag troppo lungo: %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "tag '%s' non trovato."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' eliminato (era %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "non è stato possibile verificare il tag '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:249
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Write a tag message\n"
+"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
+"#\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Scrivere un messaggio associato al tag\n"
+"# Le righe che iniziano con '#' verranno ignorate.\n"
+"#\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:256
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Write a tag message\n"
+"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+"#\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Scrivere un messaggio associato al tag\n"
+"# Le righe che iniziano con '#' verranno mantenute; possono essere comunque "
+"rimosse manualmente.\n"
+"#\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:298
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "impossibile firmare il tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:300
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "impossibile scrivere il file di tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:325
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "tipo di oggetto errato."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:338
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "intestazione del tag troppo grande."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "nessun messaggio per il tag?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Il messaggio del tag è stato lasciato in %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "lo switch 'points-at' richiede un oggetto"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "nome oggetto '%s' malformato"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:506
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column e -n non sono compatibili"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'opzione -n è consentita solo con -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'opzione --contains è consentita solo con -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:527
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "l'opzione --points-at è consentita solo con -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:535
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "è consentita una sola opzione tra -F e -m."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:555
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "troppi parametri"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "'%s' non è un nome tag valido."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "il tag '%s' esiste già"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+msgstr "%s: impossibile riservare il ref"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+msgstr "%s: impossibile aggiornare il ref"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tag '%s' aggiornato (era %s)\n"
+
+#: git.c:16
+msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+msgstr ""
+"Vedi 'git help <comando> per maggiori informazioni su un comando "
+"specifico."
+
+#: parse-options.h:133 parse-options.h:235
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: parse-options.h:141
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "tempo"
+
+#: parse-options.h:149
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "file"
+
+#: parse-options.h:151
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "quando"
+
+#: parse-options.h:156
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse-options.h:228
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "più dettagliato"
+
+#: parse-options.h:230
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "meno dettagliato"
+
+#: parse-options.h:236
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "usare <n> cifre per mostrare gli hash SHA-1"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Aggiunge il contenuto del file a index"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Cerca mediante ricerca binaria la modifica che ha introdotto un bug"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Elenca, crea o elimina branch"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Clona un repository in una nuova directory"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Registra modifiche nel repository"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Scarica oggetti e ref da un altro repository"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Stampa le righe corrispondenti ad un modello"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Crea un repository git vuoto o reinizializza uno esistente"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Mostra log del commit"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Unisce due o più cronologie di sviluppo"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Sposta o rinomina un file, una directory o un link simbolico"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Combina fetche + merge da un altro repository o un branch locale"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Aggiorna i ref remoti insieme agli oggetti associati"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Ripristina l'HEAD corrente allo stato specificato"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Mostra vari tipi di oggetti"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Crea, elenca, elimina o verifica un oggetto tag firmato con GPG"
+
+#: git-am.sh:50
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "È necessario impostare le informazioni sul committer"
+
+#: git-am.sh:95
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:105
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem run \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Quando hai risolto il problema esegui \"$cmdline --resolved\".\n"
+"Se vuoi saltare questa patch, esegui invece \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"Per ripristinare il branch originale e interrompere l'applicazione delle "
+"patch esegui \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:121
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:137
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:154
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"La tua patch è stata modificata manualmente?\n"
+"Non può essere applicata ai blob registrati nel proprio index."
+
+#: git-am.sh:163
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:275
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Può essere applicata solo una serie di patch StGIT per volta"
+
+#: git-am.sh:362
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "Il formato patch $patch_format non è supportato."
+
+#: git-am.sh:364
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Rilevamento del formato della patch non riuscito."
+
+#: git-am.sh:418
+msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+msgstr "l'opzione -d non è più supportata.  Non utilizzarla."
+
+#: git-am.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:486
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Per favore, deciditi. --skip o --abort?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:513
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:579
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:671
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:708
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "La patch non contiene un indirizzo email valido."
+
+#: git-am.sh:755
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:759
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:766
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr "Applicare? sì[y]/no[n]/modifica[e]/visualizza patch[v]/accetta tutto[a] "
+
+#: git-am.sh:802
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:823
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:831
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:847
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Nessuna modifica -- patch già applicata."
+
+#: git-am.sh:857
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Patch non riuscita a $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:873
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Devi iniziare con \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Vuoi che me ne occupi io [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "opzione non riconosciuta: '$arg'"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "'$arg' non sembra essere una revisione valida"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Checkout di '$start_head' non riuscito. Prova 'git bisect reset "
+"<branch-valido>'."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "HEAD errato - strano ref simbolico"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Argomento bisect_write errato: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Per favore, chiama 'bisect_state' con almeno un argomento."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:250
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "'git bisect bad' può prendere un solo argomento."
+
+#. have bad but not good.  we could bisect although
+#. this is less optimum.
+#: git-bisect.sh:273
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:279
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Sei sicuro? [Y/n] "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:289
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Devi specificare almeno una revisione corretta ed una errata.\n"
+"(Puoi usare \"git bisect bad\" e \"git bisect good\" per questo scopo.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revisions.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:347 git-bisect.sh:474
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Non stiamo eseguendo un bisect."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "'$invalid' non è un commit valido"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:390
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Nessun file di log specificato"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:408
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? di cosa si sta parlando?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:420
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "sto eseguendo $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"bisect run non riuscito:\n"
+"il codice di uscita $res da '$command' è < 0 oppure >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:453
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "bisect run non può più proseguire"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:459
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"bisect run non riuscito:\n"
+"bisect_state $state è uscito con il codice di errore $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:466
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "bisect run eseguito con successo"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr ""
+"Il pull non è possibile perché ci sono file di cui non è stato eseguito il "
+"merge."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:197
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. The fetch involved updating the current branch.
+#. The working tree and the index file is still based on the
+#. $orig_head commit, but we are merging into $curr_head.
+#. First update the working tree to match $curr_head.
+#: git-pull.sh:228
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-pull.sh:253
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "Impossibile eseguire il merge di branch multipli in un head vuoto"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:257
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "Impossibile eseguire il rebase su branch multipli"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash clear con parametri non è implementato"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Non hai ancora un commit iniziale"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Impossibile salvare lo stato corrente di index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:123 git-stash.sh:136
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:140
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Nessuna modifica selezionata"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:143
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:156
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:202
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"errore: opzione sconosciuta per 'stash save': $option\n"
+"        Per aggiungere un messaggio, usare git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:223
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Nessuna modifica locale da salvare"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:227
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Impossibile inizializzare stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:235
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Impossibile salvare lo stato attuale"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:253
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:352
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Nessuno stash trovato."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Troppe revisioni specificate: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:365
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference non è un riferimento valido"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:393
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "'$args' non è un commit di tipo stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:404
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "'$args' non è un referimento a uno stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:412
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "impossibile aggiornare index"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:416
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Impossibile applicare uno stash nel mezzo di un merge"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:424
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Ci sono conflitti in index. Prova senza --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:426
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:460
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:474
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:491
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "${REV} eliminata ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: non è stato possibile rimuovere la voce di stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:499
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Nome del branch non specificato"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Per ripristinarli digita \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:56
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:109
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:150
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:160
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:249
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "repo URL: '$repo' deve essere assoluto o iniziare con ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:266
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' esiste già in index"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:270
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Il seguente path è ignorato da uno dei tuoi file .gitignore:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Usa -f se vuoi davvero aggiungerlo."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:281
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' esiste già e non è un repository git valido"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:307
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:349
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:363
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Interruzione a '$sm_path'; lo script ha restituito uno stato diverso da zero."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:415
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:417
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:425
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:556
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:570
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:571
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:576
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:577
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:582
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:583
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:605 git-submodule.sh:928
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:713
+msgid "--cached cannot be used with --files"
+msgstr "--cached non può essere usata con --files"
+
+#. unexpected type
+#: git-submodule.sh:753
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "modalità $mod_dst inattesa"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:771
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Attenzione: $name non contiene commit $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:774
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Attenzione: $name non contiene commit $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:777
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Attenzione: $name non contiene commit $sha1_src e $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:802
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:803
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "sottomodulo"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:840
+msgid "# Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:842
+msgid "# Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:974
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "--"
+#~ msgstr "--"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Non è stato possibile estrarre l'indirizzo email dall'identità del "
+#~ "committer."
diff --git a/po/pt_PT.po b/po/pt_PT.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..689ad1b0fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/pt_PT.po
@@ -0,0 +1,4980 @@
+# Portuguese translations for Git package.
+# Copyright (C) 2012 Marco Sousa <marcomsousa AT gmail.com>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Contributers:
+#   - Marco Sousa <marcomsousa AT gmail.com>
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-08 16:06+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-05-14 21:17+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Marco Sousa <marcomsousa AT gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Portuguese\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: pt\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+
+#: advice.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "dica: %.*s\n"
+
+#.
+#. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
+#. * other commands doing a merge do.
+#.
+#: advice.c:70
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
+"and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
+"appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
+"or use 'git commit -a'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:36
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "cabeçalho não reconhecido: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:89
+#: builtin/commit.c:753
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possivel abrir '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:140
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:164
+#: sequencer.c:533
+#: sequencer.c:965
+#: builtin/log.c:289
+#: builtin/log.c:719
+#: builtin/log.c:1335
+#: builtin/log.c:1554
+#: builtin/merge.c:347
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains %d ref"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains %d refs"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: bundle.c:290
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list morreu"
+
+#: bundle.c:296
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:284
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "argumento não reconhecido: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:376
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:394
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Não foi possível pawn pack-objects"
+
+#: bundle.c:412
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bundle.c:415
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "não consegue crear '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:437
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: commit.c:48
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "não consigo parsear %s"
+
+#: commit.c:50
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s não é um commit!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406
+#: compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "memória esgotada"
+
+#: connected.c:39
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível executar 'git rev-list'"
+
+#: connected.c:48
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: connected.c:56
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: date.c:154
+#: date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: diff.c:105
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: diff.c:1400
+msgid " 0 files changed\n"
+msgstr " 0 ficheros modificados\n"
+
+#: diff.c:1404
+#, c-format
+msgid " %d file changed"
+msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+msgstr[0] " %d ficheiro modificado"
+msgstr[1] " %d ficheiros modificados"
+
+#: diff.c:1421
+#, c-format
+msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+msgstr[0] ", %d adição(+)"
+msgstr[1] ", %d adições(+)"
+
+#: diff.c:1432
+#, c-format
+msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+msgstr[0] ", %d eliminado(-)"
+msgstr[1] ", %d eliminados(-)"
+
+#: diff.c:3478
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:59
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "não consegue ejecutar gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:71
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:82
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: grep.c:1280
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: grep.c:1297
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "'%s': %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1308
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:327
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:349
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:361
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: help.c:365
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: remote.c:1607
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "A sua rama está à frente de '%s' pelo commit %d.\n"
+msgstr[1] "A sua rama está à frente de '%s' pelos commites %d.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1613
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: remote.c:1621
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:121
+#: builtin/merge.c:865
+#: builtin/merge.c:978
+#: builtin/merge.c:1088
+#: builtin/merge.c:1098
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:123
+#: builtin/merge.c:333
+#: builtin/merge.c:868
+#: builtin/merge.c:1090
+#: builtin/merge.c:1103
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível escrever para '%s'"
+
+#: sequencer.c:144
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:147
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:160
+#: sequencer.c:741
+#: sequencer.c:824
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível gravar para %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:178
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:180
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:183
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:261
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:282
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:323
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Não foi possível analisar commit %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Não foi possível analisar commit parent %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:358
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "O seu ficheiro de índice é não fundido."
+
+#: sequencer.c:361
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+msgstr "Você não tem uma HEAD válida"
+
+#: sequencer.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:384
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:388
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:399
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:403
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Não é possível obter mensagem commit para %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:492
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:536
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "passado commit com o set vazio"
+
+#: sequencer.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:549
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:607
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível abrir %s durante um %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:629
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Não foi possível parsear linha %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:634
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Nenhum commit parseado."
+
+#: sequencer.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível abrir %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:651
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Não foi possível ler %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:686
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:689
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Valor inválido para %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:722
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:723
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:727
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:743
+#: sequencer.c:828
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:762
+#: sequencer.c:896
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:764
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:766
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:788
+#: builtin/apply.c:3682
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível abrir %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:791
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:792
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:798
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Não foi possível formatear %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:983
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sequencer.c:984
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:864
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:867
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Não existe rama '%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:869
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:872
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:135
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "caminhos não fundidos:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:141
+#: wt-status.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:143
+#: wt-status.c:160
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:144
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (usa \"git add/rm <ficheiro>...\" para marcar como resolvido)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:152
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Mudanças a serem commitadas"
+
+#: wt-status.c:170
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:174
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (usa \"git add <ficheiro>...\" para actualizar o que vai ser commitado)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:176
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (usa \"git add/rm <ficheiro>...\" para actualizar o que vai ser commitado)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177
+msgid "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:179
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s files:"
+msgstr "%s ficheros:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:191
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:208
+msgid "bug"
+msgstr "erro"
+
+#: wt-status.c:213
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "eliminados em ambos:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:214
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "adicionado por nós:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:215
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "eliminados por eles:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "adicionados por eles:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:217
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "eliminados por nós:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:218
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "adicionados em ambos:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:219
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "modificados em ambos:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:249
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "novos commits, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:251
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "conteúdo modificado, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:253
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "conteúdo não seguido"
+
+#: wt-status.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file:   %s"
+msgstr "novo ficheiro:   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+msgstr "copiado:     %s -> %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted:    %s"
+msgstr "eliminado:    %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+#, c-format
+msgid "modified:   %s"
+msgstr "modificado:   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:279
+#, c-format
+msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+msgstr "mudado de nome:    %s -> %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+#, c-format
+msgid "typechange: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:285
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown:    %s"
+msgstr "desconhecido:    %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+#, c-format
+msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+msgstr "não fundidos:   %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:737
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Na rama"
+
+#: wt-status.c:744
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Não está em nenhuma rama."
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Commit inicial"
+
+#: wt-status.c:769
+msgid "Untracked"
+msgstr "Não seguido"
+
+#: wt-status.c:771
+msgid "Ignored"
+msgstr "Ignorado"
+
+#: wt-status.c:773
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:775
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:781
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Sem mudanças"
+
+#: wt-status.c:785
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
+msgstr "nenhuma alteração adicionado ao commit%s\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:787
+msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
+msgstr " (usa \"git add\" e/ou \"git commit -a\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:791
+msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+msgstr " (usa \"git add\" para seguir)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:793
+#: wt-status.c:796
+#: wt-status.c:799
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
+msgstr "nada para fazer commit%s\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:794
+msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:797
+msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: wt-status.c:800
+msgid " (working directory clean)"
+msgstr " (directório de trabalho vacio)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:908
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (Não é rama)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:914
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Commit inicial em "
+
+#: wt-status.c:929
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "atrás "
+
+#: wt-status.c:932
+#: wt-status.c:935
+msgid "ahead "
+msgstr "a frente "
+
+#: wt-status.c:937
+msgid ", behind "
+msgstr ", atrás "
+
+#: builtin/add.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:67
+#: builtin/commit.c:282
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "Falou a atualização dos ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "eliminar '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:176
+#, c-format
+msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:192
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:195
+#: builtin/add.c:456
+#: builtin/rm.c:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:276
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Não foi possível ler o indíce"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Não foi possível abrir '%s' para escrever."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:290
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Não consegue escrever patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:295
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:297
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Patch vazio. Aborted."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:303
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível aplicar o '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:312
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:353
+msgid "no files added"
+msgstr "nenhum ficheiros adicionado"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:359
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "falhou a adicionar ficheiros"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:391
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:393
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:413
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:414
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:420
+#: builtin/clean.c:95
+#: builtin/commit.c:342
+#: builtin/mv.c:82
+#: builtin/rm.c:162
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "ficheiro index corrupto"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:476
+#: builtin/apply.c:4093
+#: builtin/mv.c:229
+#: builtin/rm.c:260
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "espaço em braco não reconhecido: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:824
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:905
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:934
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:937
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent %s filename on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1387
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1444
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1461
+#, c-format
+msgid "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural "git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1621
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1623
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1649
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1685
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1687
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1690
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1836
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. there has to be one hunk (forward hunk)
+#: builtin/apply.c:1865
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1951
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2041
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2045
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível abrir o ler %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2116
+msgid "oops"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2638
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "começo de linha inválido: '%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2756
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2768
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2774
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2793
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2896
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2902
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2923
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3038
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3045
+#: builtin/apply.c:3062
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "ler %s falhou"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3077
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3098
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: já existe no espaço de trabalho"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3136
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3141
+#: builtin/apply.c:3172
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3152
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3166
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: não tem correspondencia ao index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3183
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3185
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3240
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: já existe no indíce"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3259
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)%s%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3265
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3278
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3333
+#: builtin/checkout.c:212
+#: builtin/reset.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3476
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3503
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for subproject %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3507
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possivel 'stat' o novo ficheiro creado '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3512
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3515
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3548
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "fechar fichero '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3597
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3661
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. Say this even without --verbose
+#: builtin/apply.c:3664
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3674
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3695
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3698
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3829
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "entrada não reconhecida"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3840
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "Não foi possível ler o fichero indíce"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4035
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index fora de um repositorio"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4038
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached fora de um repositorio"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4054
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possivel abrir patch '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4068
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4074
+#: builtin/apply.c:4084
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "erro remoto: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:66
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:71
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:148
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:180
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "Não é possível usar -a com um -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:186
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "rama remota '%s não encontrada."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "rama '%s' não encontrado."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:210
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Erro a eliminar rama '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Eliminar rama %s (era %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:239
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:337
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:409
+#, c-format
+msgid "behind %d] "
+msgstr "atrás %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "ahead %d] "
+msgstr "a frente %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:413
+#, c-format
+msgid "ahead %d, behind %d] "
+msgstr "a frente %d, atrás %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:521
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(não é rama)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:586
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:599
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Nome da rama inválida: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:624
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Falhou renomeação da rama"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:628
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "Renomeado uma rama erronea '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:632
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:639
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:654
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:678
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:769
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:774
+#: builtin/clone.c:558
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:794
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column e --verbose são incompatíveis"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:843
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s está bem\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:113
+#: builtin/checkout.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:115
+#: builtin/checkout.c:148
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:234
+#: builtin/checkout.c:392
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "ficheiro index corrupto"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:264
+#: builtin/checkout.c:271
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:302
+#: builtin/checkout.c:498
+#: builtin/clone.c:583
+#: builtin/merge.c:812
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:319
+#: builtin/diff.c:302
+#: builtin/merge.c:408
+msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:566
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD é agora em "
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:573
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Reset rama '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:576
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Já em '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Mudado para a nova rama '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Mudado para a rama '%s'\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:640
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... e %d mais.\n"
+
+#. The singular version
+#: builtin/checkout.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:664
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:693
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:697
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:723
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. case (1)
+#: builtin/checkout.c:854
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. case (1): want a tree
+#: builtin/checkout.c:893
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:973
+msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:982
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:985
+msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:987
+msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:993
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1000
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1006
+msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1008
+msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1018
+msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1052
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1060
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062
+msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1067
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1089
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1092
+msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:78
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:82
+msgid "clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:85
+msgid "clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:155
+#: builtin/clean.c:176
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:159
+#: builtin/clean.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Eliminando %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:162
+#: builtin/clean.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:166
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:302
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "falhou a abrir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "falhou a criar o directório '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:308
+#: builtin/diff.c:75
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:341
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "falhou a copiar o ficheiro para '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "terminado.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:549
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:639
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Demasiados parametros."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:643
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:654
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:673
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:693
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:706
+#: builtin/clone.c:720
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:728
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonando em um repositorio nu (bare) '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:730
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Clonar em '%s'...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Não sei como clonar %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:842
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:43
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"O seu nome e endereço de e-mail foram configurados automaticamente com base\n"
+"no o seu usuario e nome da maquina. Por favor, verifique se eles são precisos.\n"
+"Você pode suprimir esta mensagem, configurando-los explicitamente:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"O teu Nome\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email tu@examplo.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Após fazer isso, você pode corregir a identidade usada em este commit com:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:55
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:309
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:351
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:357
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "falhou adicionar interativo"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:390
+#: builtin/commit.c:411
+#: builtin/commit.c:461
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:442
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:444
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:454
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler o indíce"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:474
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:549
+#: builtin/commit.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+msgstr "commit inválido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:578
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:639
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:677
+#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#: builtin/commit.c:1024
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:689
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:691
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:695
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possivel ler o ficheiro de log '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:701
+msgid "commit has empty message"
+msgstr "a mensagem do commit está vazia"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:717
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "não é possivel ler MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:721
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "não é possivel ler SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possivel ler '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:777
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:788
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:793
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:805
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:810
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:823
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
+msgstr "%sAutor:    %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:830
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
+msgstr "%sCommitador: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:850
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:887
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:902
+#: builtin/tag.c:361
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:999
+#, c-format
+msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1014
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1054
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1065
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Você não tem nada a corregir."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1068
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1073
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1083
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1085
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1093
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1110
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1112
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1114
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1116
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1126
+#: builtin/tag.c:577
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1131
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1315
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1317
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1358
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1360
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (root-commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1450
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1487
+#: builtin/merge.c:509
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1494
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1501
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1520
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1534
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1539
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1554
+#: builtin/merge.c:936
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:436
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:462
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Nenhum nome encontrado, não descreve nada."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:482
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:77
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:297
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Não é um repositorio git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:352
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:362
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:200
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "objecto %s não encontrado"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:259
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[Actualizada]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:274
+#: builtin/fetch.c:360
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[rejeitado]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:285
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[etiqueta actualizada]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:287
+#: builtin/fetch.c:322
+#: builtin/fetch.c:340
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:305
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[nova etiqueta]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:308
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[nova rama]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:311
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[nova ref]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:356
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "actualização forçada"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:362
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(non-fast-forward)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:393
+#: builtin/fetch.c:685
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "não é possivel abrir %s: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:402
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Para %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:499
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:550
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[eliminado]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:558
+#: builtin/remote.c:1055
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(nenhum)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:675
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:888
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Baixando %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:890
+#: builtin/remote.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:907
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Nenhum repositório remoto especificado. Por favor, especifique um URL ou o\n"
+"nome remoto a partir do qual novas revisões devem ser obtida."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:927
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Você precisa especificar um nome da etiqueta."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:979
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:981
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:992
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1000
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+msgstr "Inválido %s: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:224
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+"run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:251
+msgid "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:216
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:402
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:478
+#: builtin/grep.c:512
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:601
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:888
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:902
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:943
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:966
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:971
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:974
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:982
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:59
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "formato ajuda não reconhecido '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:87
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:100
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:126
+#: builtin/help.c:154
+#: builtin/help.c:163
+#: builtin/help.c:171
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:287
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:372
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:380
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432
+#: builtin/help.c:439
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/help.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:104
+msgid "object of unexpected type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:141
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:151
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:152
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:164
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:171
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possivel crear '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "Não é possivel abrir o ficheiro packfile '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:206
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:226
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:300
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:345
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:353
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:361
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "ojecto com tipo desconhecido %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:390
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "Não é possivel pread pack file"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:392
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:405
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "não foi possível ler objecto existente %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:479
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:488
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "inválido objecto blob %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:500
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "inválido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:502
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:576
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:602
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:706
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:706
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:728
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:733
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "Não é possivel fstat packfile"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:736
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:754
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Resolvendo deltas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:787
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:866
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:890
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:903
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "não é possivel escrever o fichero kepp '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "Não é possivel fechar o fichero escrito '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:924
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "Não é possivel guardar o fichero pack"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:935
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "Não é possivel guardar fichero index"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1024
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Não é possivel abrir o existente ficheiro pack %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1026
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Não é possivel abrir o ficheiro 'pack idx' para '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1073
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1107
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1140
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1143
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1155
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1159
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "inválido %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1173
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1177
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1187
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1196
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1220
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1239
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:141
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:154
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:322
+#: builtin/init-db.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s já existe"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:362
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.
+#. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:419
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Inicializada vazio"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " partilhado"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:440
+msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:521
+#: builtin/init-db.c:528
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:532
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:554
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:578
+msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:401
+#: builtin/log.c:489
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Tipo desconhecido: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:602
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:675
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "nome do diretório de saída é demasiado longo"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:686
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Não é possivel abrir o ficheiro patch %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:700
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Necessita de exatamente um intervalo."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:708
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Não é um intervalo."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:745
+msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+msgstr "Não foi possível extrair a identidade do committer do e-mail."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:791
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "Carta de apresentação necessita um modelo de e-mail"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:885
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:958
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Dois diretórios de saída?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1179
+#, c-format
+msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1224
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1226
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1234
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1238
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1261
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "saída padrão, ou diretório, qual deles?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1416
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Falhou ao criar ficheiros de saída"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1520
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1536
+#: builtin/log.c:1538
+#: builtin/log.c:1550
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Commit desconhecido %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:90
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "As estratégias disponíveis são:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Estratégias personalizadas disponíveis são:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:240
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:245
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "falhou o stash"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:269
+#: builtin/merge.c:286
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:316
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (nada para squash)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:361
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Escrevendo SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:363
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Terminando SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:437
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:629
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:679
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:697
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:710
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:877
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:886
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Não commitando um merge; usa 'git commit' para completar o merge.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:892
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Mensagem de commit vazia."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:928
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Fastastico.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:993
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "'%s' não é um commit"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1050
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Nenhuma rama actual"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1052
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1054
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1059
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1146
+#: builtin/merge.c:1303
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1214
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1230
+#: git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1233
+#: git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1237
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1240
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1249
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1254
+msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1261
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1293
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1296
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1298
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1413
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Actualizando %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1451
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1458
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Não.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1490
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1513
+#: builtin/merge.c:1592
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1583
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1585
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Fundir com a estratégia %s falhou.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1594
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1606
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "fonte inválida"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:115
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:118
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:140
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "o directorio fonte está vazio"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:171
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "não está no controlo de versões"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:173
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "existe destino"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "subscrevendo '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:184
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Não consegue subscrever"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:187
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "múltiplas fontes para o mesmo alvo"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Mudar de nome %s para %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:215
+#: builtin/remote.c:731
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "mudar de nome '%s' falhou"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:145
+msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:175
+#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:189
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:210
+#: builtin/notes.c:973
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:215
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:251
+#: builtin/tag.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "não consegue ler '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:253
+#: builtin/tag.c:545
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:272
+#: builtin/notes.c:445
+#: builtin/notes.c:447
+#: builtin/notes.c:507
+#: builtin/notes.c:561
+#: builtin/notes.c:644
+#: builtin/notes.c:649
+#: builtin/notes.c:724
+#: builtin/notes.c:766
+#: builtin/notes.c:968
+#: builtin/reset.c:293
+#: builtin/tag.c:558
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: builtin/notes.c:377
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Inválido %s valor: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:500
+#: builtin/notes.c:554
+#: builtin/notes.c:627
+#: builtin/notes.c:639
+#: builtin/notes.c:712
+#: builtin/notes.c:759
+#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "demasiado parametros"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:513
+#: builtin/notes.c:772
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Nenhuma nota encontrada para o objecto %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:585
+#: builtin/notes.c:662
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:635
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:1103
+#: builtin/remote.c:1598
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2315
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2319
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2342
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "opção %s não aceita formato negativo"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2346
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:45
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:64
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete só aceita nomes simples para o ref de destino"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:99
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:121
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:174
+msgid "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:181
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull')\n"
+"before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:187
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+"specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration\n"
+"variable to 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:193
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and merge the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:233
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Pushing para %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "repositorio inválido '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:270
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all e --tags are são incompatíveis"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:286
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:292
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:297
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:385
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:387
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:98
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Actualizando %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:130
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "argumento mirror não conhecido: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:185
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:195
+#: builtin/remote.c:646
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "o remoto %s já existe"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:199
+#: builtin/remote.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' não é um nombe remoto valido"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível configurar a rama master '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:339
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:440
+#: builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:452
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(eliminado)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:595
+#: builtin/remote.c:601
+#: builtin/remote.c:607
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível adicionar o '%s' para o '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:639
+#: builtin/remote.c:792
+#: builtin/remote.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:656
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível renombrar a secção da configuração de '%s' para '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:662
+#: builtin/remote.c:799
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível remover a secção da configuração '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:677
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch respec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:683
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível adicionar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:694
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Não foi possível atribuir '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:716
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "falhou eliminar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:750
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "falhou a criar '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível remover rama %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:834
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:943
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:946
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr "seguido"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:950
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1001
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "Fundir com servidor remoto %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1002
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    e com remoto"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "Fundir com servidor remoto %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1005
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   e com remoto"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1051
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "creado"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1054
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "eliminado"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1058
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "actualizado"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1061
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "fast-forwardable"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1064
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "local desatualizada"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1074
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1078
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1118
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* remota %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1120
+#: builtin/remote.c:1285
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(nenhum URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1129
+#: builtin/remote.c:1131
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1133
+#: builtin/remote.c:1135
+#: builtin/remote.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "Rama HEAD: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1139
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1151
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "Rama remota:%s"
+msgstr[1] "Ramas remotas:%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1163
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1171
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1178
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1216
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1218
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível abrir %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1236
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1238
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Não foi possível configurar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1274
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Apagando %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1282
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1295
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1387
+#: builtin/remote.c:1461
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Não existe este remoto '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1414
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "Nenhum remoto especificado"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1447
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1487
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Nenhum URL encontrado: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1497
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "mistura"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "leve"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "forte"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "juntar"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:33
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "manter"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:77
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Não tens a HEAD válida."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:79
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:96
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD é agora em %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:130
+msgid "Could not read index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:133
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Não foi possível analisar objeto '%s'."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:302
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:311
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:341
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:70
+#: builtin/revert.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:131
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "erro do programa"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:221
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "falhou o revert"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:236
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "cherry-pick falhou"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Autor em falta: %s"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "etiqueta '%s' não foi encontrada."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:239
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:249
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Write a tag message\n"
+"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
+"#\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:256
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"#\n"
+"# Write a tag message\n"
+"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"#\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:298
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:300
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:325
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:338
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:370
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "nenhuma mensaje para a etiqueta?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:425
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:427
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:506
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column e -n are são incompatíveis"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:523
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:525
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:527
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:535
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:555
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "demasiado parametros"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "etiqueta '%s' já existe"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:584
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:586
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git.c:16
+msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Listar, criar ou apagar ramas"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Gravar alterações para o repositório"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Mostrado logs de commits"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Mostrar o estado los ramos das árvores de trabalho"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:50
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "Necessitas primeiro de especificiar os teus dados de committer"
+
+#: git-am.sh:137
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:154
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:163
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:275
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:362
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:364
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Falhou a detecção do formato do patch."
+
+#: git-am.sh:418
+msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:481
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:486
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:513
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:579
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-am.sh:755
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:766
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr "Aplicar? Sim[y]/[n]ão/[e]ditar/[v]er patch/[a]ceitar todos "
+
+#: git-am.sh:802
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Aplicando: $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:847
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Nenhuma mudança -- Já foi aplicado o patch."
+
+#: git-am.sh:873
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Queres que eu faça por sí [Y/n]?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:250
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:279
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Tens a certeza [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:390
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Nenhum ficheiro de log dado"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:408
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:474
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Não estamos a bisseccionar."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-pull.sh:197
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-pull.sh:253
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-pull.sh:257
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "Não é possível fazer rebase com várias ramas"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Tu ainda não tens o commit inicial"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:123
+#: git-stash.sh:136
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:140
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Não há alterações seleccionadas"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:143
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:156
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:223
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Sem alterações locais para guardar"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:227
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Não é possível inicializar o stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:235
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:253
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:352
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "nenhum stash encontrado."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:359
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:365
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:393
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:404
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:412
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:416
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:424
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:426
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Não foi posivel guardar o index tree"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:460
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:491
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Deixado cair ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:499
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Nenhum nome para a rama especificado"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:570
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:56
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:109
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:150
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:160
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:249
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:266
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:283
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:297
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:302
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:307
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:349
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Entrando '$prefix$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:363
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$sm_path'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:405
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$sm_path' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:414
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:422
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:424
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:523
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$sm_path' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:536
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:555
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:569
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:570
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:575
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:576
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:581
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:582
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$sm_path': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:604
+#: git-submodule.sh:927
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:712
+msgid "--"
+msgstr "--"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:770
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:773
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:776
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:801
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:802
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "submódulos"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:973
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#~ msgid "cherry-pick"
+#~ msgstr "cherry-pick"
+
+#~ msgid "Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+#~ msgstr "Por favor insira a mensagem de commit das suas alterações."
+
+#~ msgid "Too many options specified"
+#~ msgstr "Demasiadas opções especificadas"
diff --git a/po/ru.po b/po/ru.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4356ae9b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/ru.po
@@ -0,0 +1,10633 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# 
+# Translators:
+# Dimitriy Ryazantcev <DJm00n@mail.ru>, 2014-2015
+# insolor <insolor@gmail.com>, 2014
+# insolor <insolor@gmail.com>, 2014
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Перевод Git на русский язык\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-04-03 08:13+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-04-03 13:32+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Dimitriy Ryazantcev <DJm00n@mail.ru>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian (http://www.transifex.com/projects/p/git-po-ru/language/ru/)\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "подсказка: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr "Исправьте их в рабочем каталоге, затем запустите «git add/rm <файл>»,\nчтобы пометить исправление и сделайте коммит."
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<опции>] <указатель-дерева> [<путь>…]"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> "
+"[<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <репозиторий> [--exec <команда>] [<опции>] <указатель-дерева> [<путь>…]"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <репозиторий> [--exec <команда>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:342 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:427 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "спецификация пути «%s» не соответствует ни одному файлу"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "формат"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "формат архива"
+
+#: archive.c:428 builtin/log.c:1204
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "префикс"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "добавлять префикс перед каждым путем файла в архиве"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2516
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517 builtin/config.c:57 builtin/fast-export.c:986
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988 builtin/grep.c:712 builtin/hash-object.c:101
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446 builtin/ls-files.c:449 builtin/notes.c:394
+#: builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "файл"
+
+#: archive.c:431 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "запись архива в этот файл"
+
+#: archive.c:433
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "читать .gitattributes в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: archive.c:434
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "отчет об архивированных файлах в stderr"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "только хранение"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "сжимать быстрее"
+
+#: archive.c:444
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "сжимать лучше"
+
+#: archive.c:447
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "перечислить поддерживаемые форматы архивов"
+
+#: archive.c:449 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "репозиторий"
+
+#: archive.c:450 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "получить архив из внешнего <репозитория>"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:478
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "комманда"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "путь к команде git-upload-archive на машине с внешним репозиторием"
+
+#: attr.c:264
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr "Отрицающие шаблоны в атрибутах git игнорируются.\nИспользуйте «\\!» для буквального использования символа в значении «восклицательный знак»."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Не устанавливаю ветку %s, так так она принадлежит вышестоящему репозиторию."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ветка %s отслеживает внешнюю ветку %s из %s перемещением."
+
+#: branch.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Ветка %s отслеживает внешнюю ветку %s из %s."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ветка %s отслеживает локальную ветку %s перемещением."
+
+#: branch.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Ветка %s отслеживает локальную ветку %s."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ветка %s отслеживает внешнюю ссылку %s перемещением."
+
+#: branch.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Ветка %s отслеживает внешнюю ссылку %s."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Ветка %s отслеживает локальную ссылку %s перемещением."
+
+#: branch.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Ветка %s отслеживает локальную ссылку %s."
+
+#: branch.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Не отслеживается: неоднозначная информация для ссылки %s"
+
+#: branch.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "«%s» не является действительным именем ветки."
+
+#: branch.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Ветка с именем «%s» уже существует."
+
+#: branch.c:175
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Не удалось принудительно обновить текущую ветку."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "Не удалось настроить информацию отслеживания; стартовая точка «%s» не является веткой."
+
+#: branch.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "запрошенная ветка вышестоящего репозитория «%s» не существует"
+
+#: branch.c:199
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr "\nЕсли вы планируете основывать свою работу на вышестоящей ветке, которая уже существует во внешнем репозитории, вам может потребоваться запустить «git fetch» для ее получения.\n\nЕсли вы планируете отправить новую локальную ветку, которая будет отслеживаться, во внешний репозиторий, вам может потребоваться запустить «git push -u» — чтобы сохранить настройку вышестоящего репозитория для отправки."
+
+#: branch.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Недопустимое имя объекта: «%s»."
+
+#: branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Неоднозначное имя объекта: «%s»."
+
+#: branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Недопустимая точка ветки: «%s»."
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "«%s» не похож на файл пакета версии 2"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "неопознанный заголовок: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть «%s»"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "В репозитории отсутствуют необходимые коммиты:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 sequencer.c:650 sequencer.c:1105 builtin/blame.c:2705
+#: builtin/branch.c:659 builtin/commit.c:1045 builtin/log.c:330
+#: builtin/log.c:823 builtin/log.c:1432 builtin/log.c:1669 builtin/merge.c:358
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "сбой инициализации прохода по редакциям"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Пакет содержит эту %d ссылку:"
+msgstr[1] "Пакет содержит эти %d ссылки:"
+msgstr[2] "Пакет содержит эти %d ссылок:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Пакет содержит полную историю."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Пакет требует эту %d ссылку:"
+msgstr[1] "Пакет требует эти %d ссылки:"
+msgstr[2] "Пакет требует эти %d ссылок:"
+
+#: bundle.c:251
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Не удалось создать объекты пакета"
+
+#: bundle.c:269
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "критическая ошибка pack-objects"
+
+#: bundle.c:309
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "критическая ошибка rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "ссылка «%s» исключена в соответствии с опциями rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:437 builtin/log.c:153 builtin/log.c:1342 builtin/shortlog.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "неопознанный аргумент: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:443
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Отклонение создания пустого пакета."
+
+#: bundle.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось создать «%s»"
+
+#: bundle.c:474
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "критическая ошибка index-pack"
+
+#: color.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "недопустимое значение цвета: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "не удалось разобрать %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s не является коммитом!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "память исчерпана"
+
+#: config.c:474 config.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config file line %d in %s"
+msgstr "ошибка в %d строке файла конфигурации в %s"
+
+#: config.c:592
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s"
+msgstr "неправильное числовое значение «%s» для «%s» в %s: %s"
+
+#: config.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "неправильное числовое значение «%s» для «%s»: %s"
+
+#: config.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "сбой разворачивания пути каталога пользователя: «%s»"
+
+#: config.c:757 config.c:768
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "неправильный уровень сжатия zlib %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "недопустимый режим создания объекта: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1216
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "не удалось разобрать конфигурацию из командной строки"
+
+#: config.c:1277
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "произошла неизвестная ошибка при чтении файлов конфигурации"
+
+#: config.c:1601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "не удалось разобрать «%s» в конфигурации из командной строки"
+
+#: config.c:1603
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "неправильная переменная конфигурации «%s» в файле «%s» на строке %d"
+
+#: config.c:1662
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s имеет несколько значений"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Не удалось запустить «git rev-list»"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "сбой записи в rev-list: %s"
+
+#: connected.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr "сбой закрытия стандартного ввода у rev-list: %s"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "в будущем"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu секунду назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu секунды назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu секунд назад"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu минуту назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu минуты назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu минут назад"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu час назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu часа назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu часов назад"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu день назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu дня назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu дней назад"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu неделю назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu недели назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu недель назад"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu месяц назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu месяца назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu месяцев назад"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu год"
+msgstr[1] "%lu года"
+msgstr[2] "%lu лет"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s и %lu месяц назад"
+msgstr[1] "%s и %lu месяца назад"
+msgstr[2] "%s и %lu месяцев назад"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu год назад"
+msgstr[1] "%lu года назад"
+msgstr[2] "%lu лет назад"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "сбой чтения orderfile «%s»"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:536
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Выполняется неточное определение переименования"
+
+#: diff.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Сбой разбора величины среза (cut-off) у dirstat «%s»\n"
+
+#: diff.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Неизвестный параметр dirstat: «%s»\n"
+
+#: diff.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Неизвестное значения для переменной «diff.submodule»: «%s»"
+
+#: diff.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "Найдены ошибки в переменной «diff.dirstat»:\n%s"
+
+#: diff.c:2956
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "критическая ошибка при внешнем сравнении, останов на %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3351
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow требует ровно одной спецификации пути"
+
+#: diff.c:3514
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "Сбой разбора параметра опции --dirstat/-X :\n%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Сбой разбора параметра опции --submodule: «%s»"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:129 gpg-interface.c:200
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "не удалось запустить gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:141
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg не принял данные"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:152
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg не удалось подписать данные"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "не удалось создать временный файл «%s»: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "сбой записи отсоединенной подписи в «%s»: %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "«%s»: не удалось прочесть %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "«%s»: %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr "«%s»: слишком мало данных прочитано %s"
+
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "доступные команды git в «%s»"
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "команды git, доступные в других местах вашего $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:230
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Самые часто используемые команды git:"
+
+#: help.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr "«%s» похоже на команду git, но нам не удалось ее запустить. Возможно, git-%s  не работает?"
+
+#: help.c:346
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Ой-ёй! Ваша система не сообщает ни о каких командах Git вообще."
+
+#: help.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr "ВНИМАНИЕ: Вы вызвали команду Git «%s», но такой не существует.\nПродолжаем с предположением, что вы имели в виду «%s»"
+
+#: help.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "через %0.1f секунд автоматически…"
+
+#: help.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: «%s» не является командой git. Смотрите «git --help»."
+
+#: help.c:384 help.c:444
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] "\nВозможно, вы имели в виду это?"
+msgstr[1] "\nВозможно, вы имели в виду что-то из этого?"
+msgstr[2] "\nВозможно, вы имели в виду что-то из этого?"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s — %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:283
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+msgstr "БАГ: повторное открытие файла блокировки, который уже открыт"
+
+#: lockfile.c:285
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+msgstr "БАГ: повторное открытие файла блокировки, который уже был закоммичен"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "сбой чтения кэша"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/checkout.c:374 builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/clone.c:662
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "не удалось записать новый файл индекса"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(плохой коммит)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "сбой addinfo_cache для пути «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "ошибка при построении деревьев"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:688
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "не удалось создать путь «%s»%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Удаление %s, чтобы освободить место для подкаталогов\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:713 merge-recursive.c:734
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": возможно, конфликт каталогов/файлов?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "отказ потери неотслеживаемого файла в «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "невозможно прочитать объект %s «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "ожидается двоичный объект для %s «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:789 builtin/clone.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось создать символьную ссылку «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:800
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "не понятно, что делать с %06o %s «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:938
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Не удалось запустить внутреннее слияние"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Не удалось добавить %s в базу данных"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:958
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "объект неподдерживаемого типа в дереве"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1033 merge-recursive.c:1047
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr "КОНФЛИКТ (%s/удаление): %s удалено в %s и %s в %s. Версия %s из %s оставлена в дереве."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1039 merge-recursive.c:1052
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr "КОНФЛИКТ (%s/удаление): %s удалено в %s и %s в %s. Версия %s из %s оставлена в дереве на %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "переименование"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "переименовано"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s — это каталог в %s, добавляем как %s вместо этого"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename "
+"\"%s\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr "КОНФЛИКТ (переименование/переименование): Переименование «%s»→«%s» в ветке «%s» и переименование «%s»→«%s» в ветке «%s»%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1176
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (оставлено неразрешенным)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1230
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr "КОНФЛИКТ (переименование/переименование): Переименование «%s»→«%s» в ветке «%s» и переименование «%s»→«%s» в ветке «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Переименовываю %s в %s и %s в %s вместо этого"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1459
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr "КОНФЛИКТ (переименование/добавление): Переименование «%s»→«%s» в ветке «%s» и добавление «%s» в ветке «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Добавление слитого %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1474 merge-recursive.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Добавление вместо этого как %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1525
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "невозможно прочитать объект «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1528
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "объект %s не является двоичным объектом"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "изменение"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "изменено"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1586
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "содержимое"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1593
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "добавление/добавление"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1627
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "Пропуск %s (слиты одинаковые изменения как существующие)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1641
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Автослияние %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1645 git-submodule.sh:1150
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "подмодуль"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "КОНФЛИКТ (%s): Конфликт слияния в %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1732
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Удаление %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1757
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "файл/каталог"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1763
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "каталог/файл"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr "КОНФЛИКТ (%s): Уже существует каталог с именем «%s» в «%s». Добавление «%s» как «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1778
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Добавление %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1795
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Критическая ошибка слияния, такого не должно случаться."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1814
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Уже обновлено!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1823
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "сбой слияния деревьев «%s» и «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Необработанный путь??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1901
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Слияние:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1914
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "найден %u общий предок:"
+msgstr[1] "найдено %u общих предка:"
+msgstr[2] "найдено %u общих предков:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1951
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "слияние не вернуло коммит"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2008
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось разобрать объект «%s»"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2019 builtin/merge.c:667
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Не удается записать индекс."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "Нельзя закоммитить неинициализированное или не имеющее ссылок дерево заметок"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправильное значение notes.rewriteMode: «%s»"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Отказ в перезаписи заметок в %s (за пределами refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправильное значение переменной %s: «%s»"
+
+#: object.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "не удалось разобрать объект: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:546
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "…"
+
+#: parse-options.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "использование: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "          или: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "            %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:605
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-КОЛИЧЕСТВО"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr "глобальные опции спецификации пути «glob» и «noglob» нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr "глобальная опция спецификации пути «literal» не совместима с другими глобальными спецификаторами доступа"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "неправильный параметр для магического слова «prefix» в спецификации пути "
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "неправильное магическое слово «%.*s» в спецификации пути «%s»"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Пропущено «)» в конце магического слова спецификации пути «%s»"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Нереализованное магическое слово «%c» спецификации пути «%s»"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: «literal» и «glob» не совместимы"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: «%s» вне репозитория"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Спецификация пути «%s» в подмодуле «%.*s»"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: магические слова в спецификации пути не поддерживаются командой: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:432
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "спецификация пути «%s» находится за символической ссылкой"
+
+#: pathspec.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr "Не указан шаблон для исключения с помощью :(exclude).\nВозможно, вы забыли «:/» или «.» ?"
+
+#: pretty.c:968
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "не удалось разобрать формат для --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:225
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "готово"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr "index.version указан, но значение недействительное.\nИспользую версию %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1285
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr "GIT_INDEX_VERSION указан, но значение недействительное.\nИспользую версию %i"
+
+#: remote.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Нельзя извлечь одновременно %s и %s в %s"
+
+#: remote.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s обычно отслеживает %s, а не %s"
+
+#: remote.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s отслеживает и %s и %s"
+
+#: remote.c:798
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Внутренняя ошибка"
+
+#: remote.c:1980
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Ваша ветка базируется на «%s», но вышестоящий репозиторий исчез.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1984
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "(для исправления запустите «git branch --unset-upstream»)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1987
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Ваша ветка обновлена в соответствии с «%s».\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1991
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ваша ветка опережает «%s» на %d коммит.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ваша ветка опережает «%s» на %d коммита.\n"
+msgstr[2] "Ваша ветка опережает «%s» на %d коммитов.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1997
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git push», чтобы опубликовать ваши локальные коммиты)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ваша ветка отстает от «%s» на %d коммит и может быть перемотана вперед.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ваша ветка отстает от «%s» на %d коммита и может быть перемотана вперед.\n"
+msgstr[2] "Ваша ветка отстает от «%s» на %d коммитов и может быть перемотана вперед.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2008
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git pull», чтобы обновить вашу локальную ветку)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Ваша ветка и «%s» разошлись\nи теперь имеют %d и %d разный коммит в каждой соответственно.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Ваша ветка и «%s» разошлись\nи теперь имеют %d и %d разных коммита в каждой соответственно.\n"
+msgstr[2] "Ваша ветка и «%s» разошлись\nи теперь имеют %d и %d разных коммитов в каждой соответственно.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2021
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git pull», чтобы слить внешнюю ветку в вашу)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2348
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "опцию --first-parent нельзя использовать одновременно с --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:83
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "сбой открытия /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) сбой"
+
+#: send-pack.c:272
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "сбой подписания сертификата отправки"
+
+#: send-pack.c:356
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "принимающая сторона не поддерживает отправку с опцией --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:366
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "принимающая сторона не поддерживает отправку с опцией --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:172 builtin/merge.c:782 builtin/merge.c:893 builtin/merge.c:995
+#: builtin/merge.c:1005
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Не удалось открыть «%s» для записи"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174 builtin/merge.c:344 builtin/merge.c:785 builtin/merge.c:997
+#: builtin/merge.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось записать в «%s»"
+
+#: sequencer.c:195
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr "после разрешения конфликтов, пометьте исправленные пути\nс помощью «git add <пути>» или «git rm <пути>»"
+
+#: sequencer.c:198
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr "после разрешения конфликтов, пометьте исправленные пути\nс помощью «git add <пути>» или «git rm <пути>»\nи сделайте коммит с помощью «git commit»"
+
+#: sequencer.c:211 sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось записать в %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Ошибка оборачивания %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:229
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Ваши локальные изменение будут перезаписаны отбором лучшего."
+
+#: sequencer.c:231
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Ваши локальные изменение будут перезаписаны возвратом коммита."
+
+#: sequencer.c:234
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Сделайте коммит или спрячьте ваши изменения для продолжения."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Не удалось записать файл индекса"
+
+#: sequencer.c:339
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Не удалось определить HEAD коммит\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:359
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Не удалось обновить дерево кэша\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Не удалось разобрать коммит %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Не удалось разобрать родительскую коммит %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:482
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Ваш файл индекса не слит."
+
+#: sequencer.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Коммит %s — это коммит-слияние, но опция -m не указана."
+
+#: sequencer.c:509
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "У коммита %s нет предка %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "Основная ветка указана, но коммит %s не является слиянием."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: не удалось разобрать родительский коммит для %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось получить сообщение коммита для %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:616
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "не удалось возвратить коммит %s… %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:617
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "не удалось применить коммит %s… %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:653
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "передан пустой набор коммитов"
+
+#: sequencer.c:661
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: сбой чтения индекса"
+
+#: sequencer.c:665
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: сбой обновления индекса"
+
+#: sequencer.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось %s во время %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Не удалось разобрать строку %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Коммиты не разобраны."
+
+#: sequencer.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось открыть %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Не удалось прочитать %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Непригодная для использования карта с инструкциями: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:806
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Недействительный ключ: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Неправильное значение %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Испорченная карта с опциями: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:842
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "отбор лучшего или возврат коммита уже выполняется"
+
+#: sequencer.c:843
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "попробуйте «git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)»"
+
+#: sequencer.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось создать каталог для указателя следования коммитов %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:863 sequencer.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Ошибка оборачивания %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:882 sequencer.c:1018
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "отбор лучшего или возврат коммита не выполняется"
+
+#: sequencer.c:884
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "не удалось определить HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:886
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "нельзя отменить изменения с ветки, которая еще не создана"
+
+#: sequencer.c:908 builtin/apply.c:4288
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:912
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "неожиданный конец файла"
+
+#: sequencer.c:918
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "сохраненный файл с HEAD перед отбором лучшего «%s» поврежден"
+
+#: sequencer.c:941
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Не удалось отформатировать %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: не удалось отобрать %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: плохая редакция"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1123
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Нельзя возвратить изначальный коммит"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1124
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Нельзя отобрать лучшее в пустой HEAD"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr "Обычно Git не создает ссылки, оканчивающиеся на 40 шестнадцатеричных\nсимволов, потому, что они будут игнорироваться, когда вы просто\nукажете это 40-символьное шестнадцатеричное число. Такие ссылки\nмогли быть созданы по ошибке. Например, с помощью:\n\n  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse …)\n\n, если «$br» оказался пустым, то ссылка с 40-символьным\nшестнадцатеричным числом будет создана. Пожалуйста, просмотрите эти\nссылки и, возможно, удалите их. Вы можете отключить это сообщение\nзапустив «git config advice.objectNameWarning false»"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1068
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD не указывает на ветку"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Нет такой ветки: «%s»"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1073
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Вышестоящий репозиторий не настроен для ветки «%s»"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "Вышестоящая ветка «%s» не сохранена как отслеживаемая ветка"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr "Не удалось изменить не слитый .gitmodules, сначала разрешите конфликты"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Не удалось найти раздел в .gitmodules, где путь равен %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr " Не удалось обновить .gitmodules запись %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось удалить запись в .gitmodules для %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "сбой индексирования обновленного .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:1109 builtin/init-db.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось создать git ссылку %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:1120
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось установить core.worktree в %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:491 trailer.c:495 trailer.c:499 trailer.c:553 trailer.c:557
+#: trailer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "неизвестное значение «%s» для ключа «%s»"
+
+#: trailer.c:543 trailer.c:548 builtin/remote.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "больше одного %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:581
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "пустая последняя лексема в завершителе «%.*s»"
+
+#: trailer.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать входной файл «%s»"
+
+#: trailer.c:704
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:202
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Распаковка файлов"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "Неправильная имя URL схемы или пропущен суффикс «://»"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "неправильная управляющая последовательность %XX"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "пропущено имя сервера и схема доступа не «file:»"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "URL со схемой «file:» не может содержать номер порта"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "неправильные символы в имени сервера"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "неправильный номер порта"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "неправильная часть пути «..»"
+
+#: wrapper.c:523
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "«%s» недоступно: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "«%s» недоступно"
+
+#: wrapper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "не удалось запросить текущего пользователя в файле passwd: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:556
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "нет такого пользователя"
+
+#: wrapper.c:564
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "не удалось получить текущий рабочий каталог"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Не слитые пути:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git reset %s <файл>…», чтобы убрать из индекса)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git rm --cached <файл>…», чтобы убрать из индекса)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git add <файл>…», чтобы пометить разрешение конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git add/rm <файл>…», чтобы пометить выбранное разрешение конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git rm <файл>…», чтобы пометить разрешение конфликта)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:878
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Изменения, которые будут включены в коммит:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:887
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Изменения, которые не в индексе для коммита:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git add <файл>…», чтобы добавить файл в индекс)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git add/rm <файл>…», чтобы добавить или удалить файл из индекса)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working "
+"directory)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git checkout -- <файл>…», чтобы отменить изменения\n   в рабочем каталоге)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr "  (сделайте коммит или отмените изменения в неотслеживаемом или измененном содержимом в подмодулях)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git %s <файл>…», чтобы добавить в то, что будет включено в коммит)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "оба удалены:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "добавлено нами:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "удалено ими:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "добавлено ими:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "удалено нами:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "оба добавлены:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "оба измены:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "ошибка: необработанный статус не слитых изменений %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "новый файл:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "скопировано:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "удалено:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "изменено:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "переименовано:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "изменен тип:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "неизвестно:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "не слитые:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "новые коммиты, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "изменено содержимое, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "неотслеживаемое содержимое, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "ошибка: необработанный статус изменений %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:753
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Измененные, но не обновленные подмодули:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Изменения в подмодулях, которые будут закоммичены:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:835
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr "Не трогайте строку выше этой.\nВсё, что ниже — будет удалено."
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "У вас есть не слитые пути."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (разрешите конфликты, затем запустите «git commit»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Все конфликты исправлены, но вы все еще в процессе слияния."
+
+#: wt-status.c:955
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git commit», чтобы завершить слияние)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:965
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Вы в процессе сессии am."
+
+#: wt-status.c:968
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Текущий патч пустой."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (разрешите конфликты, затем запустите «git am --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:974
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git am --skip», чтобы пропустить этот патч)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git am --abort», чтобы восстановить оригинальную ветку)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1036 wt-status.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас перемещаете ветку «%s» над «%s»."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1041 wt-status.c:1058
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас перемещаете ветку."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1044
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (разрешите конфликты, затем запустите «git rebase --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1046
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git rebase --skip», чтобы пропустить этот патч)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1048
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git rebase --abort», чтобы перейти на оригинальную ветку)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1061
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (все конфликты разрешены: запустите «git rebase --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1065
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас разделяете коммит при перемещении ветки  «%s» над «%s»."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1070
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас разделяете коммит при перемещении ветки."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1073
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "(Как только ваш рабочий каталог будет чистый, запустите «git rebase --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас редактируете коммит при перемещении ветки  «%s» над «%s»."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1082
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас редактируете коммит при перемещении ветки."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1085
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git commit --amend», чтобы исправить текущий коммит)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1087
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git rebase --continue», когда будете довольны изменениями)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас отбираете лучший коммит %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1102
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (разрешите конфликты, затем запустите «git cherry-pick --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (все конфликты разрешены: запустите «git cherry-pick --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1107
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git cherry-pick --abort», чтобы отменить операцию отбора лучшего)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1116
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас возвращаете коммит %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1121
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (разрешите конфликты, затем запустите «git revert --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (все конфликты разрешены: запустите «git revert --continue»)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1126
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git revert --abort», чтобы отменить операцию возврата)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас в процессе двоичного поиска, начатого с ветки «%s»."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1141
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас в процессе двоичного поиска."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1144
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (используйте «git bisect reset», чтобы вернуться на исходную ветку)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1321
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "На ветке "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1328
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "перемещение в процессе; над "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1333
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD отделен на "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1335
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD отделен начиная с "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1338
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Сейчас ни на одной из веток"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1355
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Начальный коммит"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1369
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Неотслеживаемые файлы"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1371
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Игнорируемые файлы"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr "%.2f секунды занял вывод списка неотслеживаемых файлов. «status -uno» возможно может ускорить это, но будьте внимательны, и не забудьте добавить новые файлы вручную (смотрите «git help status» для подробностей)."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1381
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Неотслеживаемые файлы не показаны%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1383
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr "(используйте опцию «-u», чтобы показать неотслеживаемые файлы)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1389
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Нет изменений"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1394
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr "нет изменений добавленных для коммита\n(используйте «git add» и/или «git commit -a»)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1397
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "нет изменений добавленных для коммита\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr "ничего не добавлено в коммит, но есть неотслеживаемые файлы (используйте \"git add\", чтобы отслеживать их)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1403
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "ничего не добавлено в коммит, но есть неотслеживаемые файлы\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr "нечего коммитить (создайте/скопируйте файлы, затем запустите «git add», чтобы отслеживать их)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1409 wt-status.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "нечего коммитить\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1412
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "нечего коммитить (используйте опцию «-u», чтобы показать неотслеживаемые файлы)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "нечего коммитить, нет изменений в рабочем каталоге\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1525
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (нет ветки)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1531
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Начальный коммит на "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1563
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "исчез"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1565 wt-status.c:1573
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "позади"
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "сбой отсоединения «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<опции>] [--] <спецификация-пути>…"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "неожиданный статус различий %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:277
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "сбой при обновлении файлов"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "удалить «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Непроиндексированные изменения после обновления индекса:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:785
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Не удалось прочитать индекс"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Не удалось открыть «%s» для записи."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Не удалось записать патч"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось выполнить stat для «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:216
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Пустой патч. Операция прервана."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось применить «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:231
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr "Следующие пути игнорируются одним из ваших файлов .gitignore:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:248 builtin/clean.c:876 builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/mv.c:110
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/push.c:508 builtin/remote.c:1372
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "пробный запуск"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/apply.c:4577 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1322 builtin/count-objects.c:63 builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:1617 builtin/mv.c:109 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "быть многословнее"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:251
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "интерактивный выбор"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:1126 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "интерактивный выбор блоков"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "отредактировать текущий файл различий и применить его"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "разрешить добавление игнорируемых иначе файлов"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "обновить отслеживаемые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "записать только факт, что путь будет добавлен позже"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "добавить изменения из всех отслеживаемых и неотслеживаемых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:260
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "игнорировать пути удаленные из рабочего каталога (тоже, что и --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:262
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "не добавлять, только обновить индекс"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "пропускать файлы, которые не могут быть добавлены из-за ошибок"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "удостовериться, что даже недостающие файлы будут проигнорированы при  пробном запуске"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Используйте -f, если вы действительно хотите добавить их.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:293
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "ошибка при добавлении файлов"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:329
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A и -u нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:336
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "Опция --ignore-missing может использоваться только вместе с --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Ничего не указано, ничего не добавлено.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Возможно, вы имели в виду «git add .»?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:363 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:920
+#: builtin/commit.c:335 builtin/mv.c:130 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:299
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "файл индекса поврежден"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:446 builtin/apply.c:4675 builtin/mv.c:279 builtin/rm.c:431
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Не удалось записать новый файл индекса"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<опции>] [<патч>…]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "неопознанная опция для пробелов «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "неопознанная опция для игнорирования пробелов «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:822
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось подготовить регулярное выражение для метки времени %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:831
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec возвратил %d для ввода: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "не удалось найти имя файла в строке патча %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: плохой git-diff — ожидалось /dev/null, получено %s на строке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: плохой git-diff — не согласующееся новое имя файла на строке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: плохой git-diff — не согласующееся старое имя файла на строке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: плохой git-diff  — ожидалось /dev/null на строке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1419
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount: не ожидаемая строка: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "фрагмент изменений без заголовка на строке %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1493
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname"
+" component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname"
+" components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] "заголовок git diff не нашел информацию об имени файла при удалении %d ведущего компонента пути к файлу (строка %d)"
+msgstr[1] "заголовок git diff не нашел информацию об имени файла при удалении %d ведущих компонент пути к файлу (строка %d)"
+msgstr[2] "заголовок git diff не нашел информацию об имени файла при удалении %d ведущих компонент пути к файлу (строка %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "новый файл зависит от старого содержимого"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "удаленный файл все еще имеет содержимое"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "патч поврежден на строке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "новый файл %s зависит от старого содержимого"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "удаленный файл %s все еще имеет содержимое"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** предупреждение: файл %s становится пустым, но не удаляется"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "поврежденный двоичный патч на строке %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "неопознанный двоичный патч на строке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2051
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "патч с мусором на строке %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2141
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать символьную ссылку %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть или прочесть %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2778
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "неправильное начало строки: «%c»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "Часть #%d успешно применена на %d (со сдвигом в %d строку)."
+msgstr[1] "Часть #%d успешно применена на %d (со сдвигом в %d строки)."
+msgstr[2] "Часть #%d успешно применена на %d (со сдвигом в %d строк)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Контекст сужен до (%ld/%ld), чтобы применить фрагмент на %d строке"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2915
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr "при поиске:\n%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "пропущены данные двоичного патча для «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3036
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось применить двоичный патч к «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3042
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr "после применения двоичного патча для «%s» был получен неправильный результат (ожидалось %s, получено %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3063
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "ошибка применения изменений: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3187
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "не удалось перейти на %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3232 builtin/apply.c:3243 builtin/apply.c:3288
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "ошибка чтения %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3240
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "чтение из «%s» за символической ссылкой"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3268 builtin/apply.c:3490
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "путь %s был переименован/удален"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3349 builtin/apply.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: нет в индексе"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3353 builtin/apply.c:3496 builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3358 builtin/apply.c:3512
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: не совпадает с индексом"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3460
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "патч удаления не удалил содержимое файла"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3529
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: неправильный тип"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3531
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s имеет тип %o, а ожидался %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3690 builtin/apply.c:3692
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "неправильный путь «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: уже содержится в индексе"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: уже содержится в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3770
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "новый режим доступа (%o) для %s не соответствует старому режиму доступа (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3775
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "новый режим доступа (%o) для %s не соответствует старому режиму доступа (%o) для %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "затронутый файл «%s» находится за символической ссылкой"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: не удалось применить патч"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3813
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Проверка патча %s…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3906 builtin/checkout.c:231 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "сбой make_cache_entry для пути «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4049
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "не удалось удалить %s из индекса"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4078
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "поврежденный патч для подмодуля %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить stat для созданного файла «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "не удалось создать вспомогательный файл для созданного файла %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4090 builtin/apply.c:4198
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "не удалось создать запись в кэше для %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4123
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "закрытие файла «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4172
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "не удалось записать файл «%s» с режимом доступа %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Патч %s применен без ошибок."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "внутренняя ошибка"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Применение патча %%s с %d отказом…"
+msgstr[1] "Применение патча %%s с %d отказами…"
+msgstr[2] "Применение патча %%s с %d отказами…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4280
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "усечение имени .rej файла до %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Блок №%d применен без ошибок."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4304
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Блок №%d отклонен."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "не распознанный ввод"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать файл индекса"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4522 builtin/apply.c:4525 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "путь"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4523
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "не применять изменения по указанному пути"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "применять изменения по указанному пути"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "количество"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4529
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "удалить <количество> ведущих косых черт из традиционных путей списка изменений"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "игнорировать добавления, сделанные этим патчем"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "вместо применения патча вывести статистику добавлений и удалений для ввода"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "показать количество добавленных и удаленных строк в десятичном представлении"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "вместо применения патча вывести статистику изменений для ввода"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4542
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "вместо применения патча проверить подходит ли он"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4544
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "проверить, что патч применяется к текущему индексу"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "применить патч, не изменяя рабочий каталог"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4548
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "принять патч, который затрагивает файлы за рабочим каталогом"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "а также применить патч (используйте с --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4552
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "попытаться сделать трехходовое слияние, если патч не применяется"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4554
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "построить временный индекс, основанный на встроенной информации об индексе"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556 builtin/checkout-index.c:198 builtin/ls-files.c:412
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "пути, отделенные НУЛЕВЫМ символом"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4559
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "удостовериться, что по крайней мере <n> строк контекста совпадают"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "действие"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4561
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "определять новые или модифицированные строки, у которых есть ошибки в пробельных символах"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4564 builtin/apply.c:4567
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "игнорировать изменения в пробельных символах при поиске контекста"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "применить патч с обращением изменений"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4572
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "не ожидать как минимум одной строки контекста"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4574
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "оставить отклоненные блоки изменений в соответствующих *.rej файлах"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4576
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "разрешить перекрывающиеся блоки изменений"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4579
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "разрешить некорректно определенные пропущенные пустые строки в конце файла"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4582
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "не доверять количеству строк из заголовка блока изменений"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4584
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "корень"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4585
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "добавить <корень> спереди ко всем именам файлов"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4607
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way вне репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4615
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index вне репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4618
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached вне репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть патч «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4651
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "пропущена %d ошибка в пробельных символах"
+msgstr[1] "пропущено %d ошибки в пробельных символах"
+msgstr[2] "пропущено %d ошибок в пробельных символах"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4657 builtin/apply.c:4667
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d строка добавила ошибки в пробельных символах."
+msgstr[1] "%d строки добавили ошибки в пробельных символах."
+msgstr[2] "%d строк добавили ошибки в пробельных символах."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось создать файл архива «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "не удалось перенаправить вывод"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: внешний репозиторий без URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: ожидался ACK/NAK, а получен EOF"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "ошибка внешнего репозитория: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: ошибка протокола"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: ожидался сброс буфера"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "выполнить «git bisect next»"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "обновить BISECT_HEAD вместо перехода на текущий коммит"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [<опции>] [<опции-rev-list>] [<редакция>] [--] файл"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:35
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<опции-rev-list> документированы в git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2500
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Показать записи авторства постепенно, в процессе нахождения"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2501
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Не показывать SHA-1 для коммитов, не входящих в границы запроса (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2502
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Не воспринимать корневые коммиты как граничные (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2503
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Показать статистику расходов на выполнение запроса"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2504
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Показать оценку для записей авторства"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2505
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Показать оригинальное имя файла (По умолчанию: автоматически)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2506
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Показать оригинальные номера строк (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2507
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Показать в формате для программного разбора"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2508
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Показать в машиночитаемом формате, с построчной информацией о коммите"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2509
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Использовать такой же формат вывода, как и git-annotate (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2510
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Показать необработанные временные метки (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2511
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Показать длинный SHA1 идентификатор коммита (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2512
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Не показывать имя автора и временные метки (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2513
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Показать почту автора вместо имени (По умолчанию: отключено)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2514
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Игнорировать различия в пробелах"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2515
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Потратить больше времени, для нахождения лучших совпадений"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2516
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Использовать редакции из <файла> вместо вызова git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Использовать содержимое <файла> как финальный снимок"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518 builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "мин-длина"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Найти копирование строк в пределах и между файлами"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Найти перемещения строк в пределах и между файлами"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "начало,конец"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Обработать только строки в диапазоне начало,конец, начиная с 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2601
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "4 года и 11 месяцев назад"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<опции>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<опции>] [-l] [-f] <имя-ветки> [<точка-начала>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<опции>] [-r] (-d | -D) <имя-ветки>…"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<опции>] (-m | -M) [<старая-ветка>] <новая-ветка>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr "удаление ветки «%s», которая была слита с\n         «%s», но не слита с HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr "не удаление ветки «%s», которая еще не слита с\n         «%s», хотя уже слита с HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:170
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось найти объект коммита для «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:174
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr "Ветка «%s» не слита полностью.\nЕсли вы уверены, что хотите ее удалить, запустите «git branch -D %s»."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:187
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Не удалось обновить файл конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:215
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "нельзя использовать одновременно ключи -a и -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:221
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Не удалось найти объект коммита для HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Нельзя удалить ветку «%s», так как вы сейчас на ней находитесь."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:245
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "внешняя ветка «%s» не найдена."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "ветка «%s» не найдена."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Ошибка удаления внешней ветки «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Ошибка удаления ветки «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Внешняя ветка %s удалена (была %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Ветка %s удалена (была %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "ветка «%s» не указывает на коммит"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: пропал]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: позади %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[позади %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: впереди %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[впереди %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: впереди %d, позади %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:483
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[впереди %d, позади %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** недействительная ссылка ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(нет ветки, перемещение %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(нет ветки, двоичный поиск начат на %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:596
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD отделён на %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:599
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD отделён начиная с %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:603
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(нет ветки)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "объект «%s» не указывает на коммит"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr "не удается прочитать некоторые ссылки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "невозможно переименовать текущую ветку, если вы не находитесь ни на одной из них."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Недействительное имя ветки: «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:736
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Сбой переименования ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "Переименована неправильно названная ветка «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Ветка переименована в %s, но HEAD не обновлен!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:751
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Ветка переименована, но произошел сбой обновления файла конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "плохое имя объекта %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "не удалось записать шаблон описания ветки: %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Общие параметры"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "показывать хеш-сумму и тему, укажите дважды для вышестоящей ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "не выводить информационные сообщения"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "установить режим отслеживания вышестоящей ветки (см. git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "изменить информацию о вышестоящей ветке"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "использовать цветной вывод"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "выполнить действия на отслеживаемых внешних ветках"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834 builtin/branch.c:840 builtin/branch.c:861
+#: builtin/branch.c:867 builtin/commit.c:1582 builtin/commit.c:1583
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584 builtin/commit.c:1585 builtin/tag.c:616
+#: builtin/tag.c:622
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "коммит"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835 builtin/branch.c:841
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "вывод только веток, которые содержат коммит"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:847
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Специфичные для git-branch действия:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "показать список и отслеживаемых и локальных веток"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:850
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "удалить полностью слитую ветку"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:851
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "удалить ветку (даже никуда не слитую)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:852
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "переместить/переименовать ветки и ее журнал ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:853
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "переместить/переименовать ветку, даже если целевое имя уже существует"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:854
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "показать список имен веток"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "создать журнал ссылок ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "изменить описание ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:858
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "принудительное создание, перемещение или удаление ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "вывод только не слитых веток"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:867
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "вывод только слитых веток"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:871
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "показать список веток по столбцам"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:884
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Не удалось определить HEAD как действительную ссылку."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:888 builtin/clone.c:637
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD не найден в refs/heads!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:910
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column и --verbose нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:921 builtin/branch.c:960
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "требуется имя ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:936
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Нельзя дать описание отделенному HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "нельзя изменить описание более одной ветки за раз"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Еще нет коммита на ветке «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:951
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Нет ветки с именем «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "слишком много веток для операции переименования"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:971
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "слишком много веток для указания новых вышестоящих"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:975
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "невозможно установить вышестоящий репозиторий для HEAD на %s, когда он не указывает ни на одну ветку."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:978 builtin/branch.c:1000 builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "нет такой ветки «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "ветка «%s» не существует"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "слишком много веток для убирания вышестоящих"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:998
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "невозможно убрать вышестоящий репозиторий для HEAD, когда он не указывает ни на одну ветку."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Ветка «%s» не имеет информации о вышестоящей ветке"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1018
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "не имеет смысла создавать «HEAD» вручную"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1024
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr "параметры -a и -r для «git branch» не имеют смысла с указанием имени ветки"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1027
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using "
+"--track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr "Флаг --set-upstream устарел и будет удален в будущем. Вместо него используйте --track или --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr "\nЕсли вы хотите, чтобы «%s» отслеживала «%s», сделайте следующее:\n\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1045
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s в порядке\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "Требуется репозиторий для создания пакета."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Требуется репозиторий для распаковки."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:326
+msgid "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <тип> | --textconv) <объект>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <список-объектов>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:364
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<тип> может быть одним из: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:365
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "показать тип объекта"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:366
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "показать размер объекта"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:368
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "выйти с нулевым кодом возврата, если нет ошибки"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:369
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "структурированный вывод содержимого объекта"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:371
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "запустить texconv на содержимом двоичных объектов "
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:373
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "показать информацию и содержимое объектов, переданных из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:376
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "показать информацию об объектах, переданных из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <атрибут>…] [--] <путь>…"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <атрибут>…] < <список путей>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "вывести все атрибуты установленные для файла"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "использовать только .gitattributes из индекса"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать имена файлов из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "окончание ввода и вывода записей по НУЛЕВОМУ символу"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/gc.c:274
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "не выводить прогресс выполнения"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "показать не совпадающие введенные пути"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "игнорировать индекс при проверке"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "нельзя указывать пути вместе с параметром --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z имеет смысл только вместе с параметром --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "не указан путь"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet можно использовать только при указании одного пути"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "нельзя использовать одновременно --quiet и --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching можно использовать только вместе с --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<опции>] <контакт>…"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "также читать контакты из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "не удалось разобрать контакт: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "не указаны контакты"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<опции>] [--] [<файл>…]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "перейти на состояние всех файлов из индекса"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:189
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "принудительная перезапись существующих файлов"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:191
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "не выводить предупреждения для существующих и непроиндексированных файлов"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:193
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "не создавать новые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:195
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "обновить статистику доступа в файле индекса"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:201
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "прочитать список путей из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "записать содержимое во временные файлы"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "строка"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:205
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "добавить спереди <строку> при создании файлов"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:208
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "копировать файлы из указанного индекса"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<опции>] <ветка>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<опции>] [<ветка>] -- <файл>…"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132 builtin/checkout.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "путь «%s» не имеет нашей версии"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "путь «%s» не имеет их версии"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "путь «%s» не имеет всех необходимых версий"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "путь «%s» не имеет необходимых версий"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "путь «%s»: не удалось слить"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось добавить результат слияния «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:255
+#: builtin/checkout.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "«%s» нельзя использовать при обновлении путей"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "«%s» нельзя использовать одновременно с %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "Нельзя обновлять пути и переключаться на ветку «%s» одновременно."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:278 builtin/checkout.c:467
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "файл индекса поврежден"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:338 builtin/checkout.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "путь «%s» не слит"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:489
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "сначала нужно разрешить конфликты в вашем текущем индексе"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Не удалось создать журнал ссылок для «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD сейчас на"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Сброс ветки «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Уже на «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Переключение и сброс ветки «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:669 builtin/checkout.c:1050
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Переключено на новую ветку «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Переключено на ветку «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:723
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " … и еще %d.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:729
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] "Предупреждение: вы оставляете позади %d коммит не соединенную ни с одной из ваших веток:\n\n%s\n"
+msgstr[1] "Предупреждение: вы оставляете позади %d коммита не соединенные ни с одной из ваших веток:\n\n%s\n"
+msgstr[2] "Предупреждение: вы оставляете позади %d коммитов не соединенные ни с одной из ваших веток:\n\n%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr "Если вы хотите сохранить их с помощью создания новой ветки, то сейчас самое время\nсделать это с помощью:\n\n git branch <имя-новой-ветки> %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:777
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "внутренняя ошибка при хождении по редакциям"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:781
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "Предыдущая позиция HEAD была"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:808 builtin/checkout.c:1045
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Вы находитесь на еще не созданной ветке"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:952
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "ожидается только одна ссылка, а передано %d."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "неправильная ссылка: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1020
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "в дереве нет такой ссылки: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "нельзя использовать пути при переключении веток"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062 builtin/checkout.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "нельзя использовать «%s» при переключении веток"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "«%s» нельзя использовать одновременно с «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Нельзя переключить ветку на не коммит «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108 builtin/checkout.c:1110 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:159 builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "ветка"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1109
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "создать и перейти на новую ветку"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "создать/сбросить и перейти на новую ветку"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1112
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "создать журнал ссылок для новой ветки"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "отсоединить HEAD на указанном коммите"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1114
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "установить информацию о вышестоящей ветке для новой ветки"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "новая-ветка"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "новая ветка без родителей"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1117
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "перейти на нашу версию для не слитых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1119
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "перейти на их версию для не слитых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1121
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "принудительный переход (отбрасывает все локальные изменения)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1122
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "выполнить трехходовое слияние с новой веткой"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1123 builtin/merge.c:227
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "обновить игнорируемые файлы (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1124 builtin/log.c:1239 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "стиль"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "стиль конфликтов слияния (merge или diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "не ограничивать спецификаторы пути только частичными записями"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1130
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "пересмотр «git checkout <no-such-branch>»"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B и --orphan нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1170
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track требует имя ветки"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1175
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Пропущено имя ветки; попробуйте -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1212
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "неправильная спецификация пути"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr "Нельзя обновить пути и одновременно переключить на ветку «%s».\nВы хотели переключиться на «%s», что не может быть определено как коммит?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1224
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach не принимает путь «%s» как аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1228
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge нельзя использовать одновременно при применении состояния индекса."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <шаблон>] [-x | -X] [--] <пути>…"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Удаление %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Будет удалено %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Пропуск репозитория %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Будет пропущен репозиторий %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "сбой удаления %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr "Справка по выделению:\n1          - выбрать указанный элемент\nfoo        - выбрать элемент с указанным префиксом\n           - (пусто) не выбирать ничего"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:299
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr "Справка по выделению:\n1          - выбрать один элемент\n3-5        - выбрать диапазон элементов\n2-3,6-9    - выбрать несколько диапазонов\nfoo        - выбрать элемент с указанным префиксом\n-…       - убрать выделение с указанных элементов\n*          - выбрать все элементы\n           - (пусто) завершить выделение"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:517
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Хм (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Шаблоны игнорирования ввода>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ: Не удалось найти элементы соответствующие: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Укажите элементы для удаления"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Удалить %s [y - да/N - нет]? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:783
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "До свидания."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:791
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr "clean               - начать очистку\nfilter by pattern   - исключить удаление элементов\nselect by numbers   - исключить удаление элементов по номерам\nask each            - запрашивать подтверждение на удаление каждого элемента (как «rm -i»)\nquit                - прекратить очистку\nhelp                - этот экран\n?                   - справка по выделению"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Команды ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:819
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Что теперь"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:827
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Удалить следующие элементы:"
+msgstr[1] "Удалить следующие элементы:"
+msgstr[2] "Удалить следующие элементы:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:844
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Больше нет файлов для очистки, выходим."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "не выводить имена удаляемых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "принудительно"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:878
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "интерактивная очистка"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "удалить каталоги полностью"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:714
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:443 builtin/name-rev.c:311 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "шаблон"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "добавить <шаблон> в правила игнорирования"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:883
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "также удалить игнорируемые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:885
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "удалить только игнорируемые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:903
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "нельзя использовать одновременно -x и -X"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:907
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to"
+" clean"
+msgstr "clean.requireForce установлен как true и ни одна из опций -i, -n или -f не указана; отказ очистки"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:910
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr "clean.requireForce установлен по умолчанию как true и ни одна из опций -i, -n или -f не указана; отказ очистки"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<опции>] [--] <репозиторий> [<каталог>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66 builtin/fetch.c:111 builtin/merge.c:224
+#: builtin/push.c:523
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "принудительно выводить прогресс"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "не переключать рабочую копию на HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/clone.c:71 builtin/init-db.c:496
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "создать голый репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "создать зеркало репозитория (включает в себя и параметр bare)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "для клонирования из локального репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "не использовать жесткие ссылки, всегда копировать файлы"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "настроить как общедоступный репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "инициализировать подмодули в клоне"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:493
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "каталог-шаблонов"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "каталог, шаблоны из которого будут использованы"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "ссылаемый репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "имя"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "использовать <имя> вместо «origin» для отслеживания вышестоящего репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "перейти на <ветку>, вместо HEAD внешнего репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "путь к git-upload-pack на внешнем репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "глубина"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "сделать частичный клон указанной глубины"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "клонировать только одну ветку, HEAD или --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "используйте --reference только при клонировании"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100 builtin/init-db.c:502
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "каталог-git"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101 builtin/init-db.c:503
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "разместить каталог git отдельно от рабочей копии"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "ключ=значение"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:103
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "установить параметры внутри нового репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "ссылаемый репозиторий «%s» не является локальным."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "ссылаемый репозиторий «%s» является частичным"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "ссылаемый репозиторий «%s» является сращенным"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось создать каталог «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:327 builtin/diff.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить stat «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s уже существует и не является каталогом"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить stat %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось создать ссылку «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:369
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось копировать файл в «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:392 builtin/clone.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "готово.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:404
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr "Клонирование прошло успешно, но во время перехода на версию произошла ошибка.\nС помощь команды «git status» вы можете просмотреть, какие файлы были обновлены, а повторить попытку перехода на версию с помощью «git checkout -f HEAD»\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Не удалось найти внешнюю ветку %s для клонирования."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Проверка соединения… "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:564
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "внешний репозиторий прислал не все необходимые объекты"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr "внешний HEAD ссылается на несуществующую ссылку, нельзя перейти на такую версию.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:659
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "не удалось перейти на версию в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:746
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить перепаковку для очистки"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:748
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "не удалось отсоединить временные альтернативные файлы"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Слишком много аргументов."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:782
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Вы должны указать репозиторий для клонирования."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:793
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare и --origin %s нельзя использовать одновременно."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare и --separate-git-dir нельзя использовать одновременно."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "репозиторий «%s» не существует"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:815 builtin/fetch.c:1156
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "глубина %s не является положительным числом"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:825
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "целевой путь «%s» уже существует и не является пустым каталогом."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "рабочий каталог «%s» уже существует."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:850 builtin/clone.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось создать родительские каталоги для «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось создать рабочий каталог «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Клонирование в голый репозиторий «%s»…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:873
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Клонирование в «%s»…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:898
+msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+msgstr "передана опция --dissociate, но не передана --reference"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:913
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth игнорируется на локальных клонах; вместо этого используйте file://."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:916
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "исходный репозиторий является частичным, --local игнорируется"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local игнорируется"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:925
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Не знаю как клонировать %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:976 builtin/clone.c:984
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Внешняя ветка %s не найдена в вышестоящем репозитории %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:987
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Похоже, что вы клонировали пустой репозиторий."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "запросить переменные конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "использовать схему расположения"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Максимальная ширина"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Расстояние отступа слева"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Расстояние отступа справа"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Расстояние отступа между колонками"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "параметр --command должен быть первым"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:37
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<опции>] [--] <спецификация-пути>…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:42
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<опции>] [--] <спецификация-пути>…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:47
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr "Ваше имя или электронная почта настроены автоматически на основании вашего\nимени пользователя и имени машины. Пожалуйста, проверьте, что они \nопределены правильно.\nВы можете отключить это уведомление установив их напрямую. Запустите следующую\nкоманду и следуйте инструкциям вашего текстового редактора, для\nредактирования вашего файла конфигурации:\n\n    git config --global --edit\n\nПосле этого, изменить авторство этой коммита можно будет с помощью команды:\n\n    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr "Ваше имя или электронная почта настроены автоматически на основании вашего\nимени пользователя и имени машины. Пожалуйста, проверьте, что они \nопределены правильно.\nВы можете отключить это уведомление установив их напрямую:\n\n    git config --global user.name \"Ваше Имя\"\n    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n\nПосле этого, изменить авторство этой коммита можно будет с помощью команды:\n\n    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr "Вы попросили исправить последний коммит, но делая это вы сделаете\nпустой коммит. Вы можете повторить эту команду с опцией --allow-empty\nили вы можете удалить коммит полностью с помощью команды \n«git reset HEAD^».\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:77
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr "Предыдущий отбор лучшего теперь пуст, возможно после разрешения конфликтов.\nЕсли вы все равно хотите сделать пустой коммит, используйте:\n\n    git commit --allow-empty\n\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:84
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "В противном случае, используйте «git reset»\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:87
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr "Если вы хотите пропустит этот коммит, используйте команду:\n\n    git reset\n\nПосле этого «git cherry-pick --continue» продолжит отбор лучшего\nв оставшихся коммитах.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:304
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "сбой распаковки объекта дерева HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:344
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "не удалось создать временный индекс"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:350
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "сбой интерактивного добавления"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:361
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "не удалось записать индекс"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:363
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "не удалось обновить временный индекс"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Сбой при обновлении основного кэша дерева"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:414 builtin/commit.c:463
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "не удалось записать файл new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:445
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "нельзя создать частичный коммит во время слияния."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "нельзя создать частичный коммит во время отбора лучшего коммита."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:456
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать индекс"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:475
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "не удалось записать временный файл индекса"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "у коммита «%s» отсутствует автор в заголовке"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "у коммита «%s» автор в неверном формате"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:601
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "параметр --author в неверном формате"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "неправильный формат даты: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:653
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr "нельзя выбрать символ комментария, который\nне используется в текущем сообщении коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:690 builtin/commit.c:723 builtin/commit.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "не удалось запросить коммит %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:702 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(чтение файла журнала из стандартного ввода)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать файл журнала из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать файл журнала «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:734
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:785
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "не удалось записать шаблон описания коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr "\nПохоже, что вы пытаетесь закоммитить слияние.\nЕсли это ошибка, пожалуйста удалите файл\n\t%s\nи попробуйте снова.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr "\nПохоже, что вы пытаетесь закоммитить отбор лучшего.\nЕсли это ошибка, пожалуйста удалите файл\n\t%s\nи попробуйте снова.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr "Пожалуйста, введите сообщение коммита для ваших изменений. Строки,\nначинающиеся с «%c» будут проигнорированы, а пустое сообщение\nотменяет процесс коммита.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:828
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr "Пожалуйста, введите сообщение коммита для ваших изменений. Строки,\nначинающиеся с «%c» будут оставлены; вы можете удалить их вручную,\nесли хотите. Пустое сообщение отменяет процесс коммита.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:848
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sАвтор:     %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:856
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sДата:      %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sКоммитер:  %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:881
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Не удалось прочитать индекс"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:938
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Ошибка при построении деревьев"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:953 builtin/tag.c:495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Пожалуйста, укажите сообщение, при указании опций -m или -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr "--author «%s» не в формате «Имя <почта>» и не совпадает с существующим автором"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070 builtin/commit.c:1310
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправильный режим неотслеживаемых файлов «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1107
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long и -z нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1137
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Указание одновременно опций --reset-author и --author не имеет смысла"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1146
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Нечего исправлять."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1149
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Вы в процессе слияния —  сейчас нельзя исправлять."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1151
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Вы в процессе отбора лучшего —  сейчас нельзя исправлять."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Опции --squash и --fixup не могут использоваться одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Может использоваться только одна из опций -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Опция -m не может использоваться с -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author может использоваться только одновременно с опциями -C, -c или --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1191
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr "Может использоваться только одна из опций --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1193
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Указание путей каталогов с опциями --include/--only не имеет смысла."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1195
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Умно… отмена последнего с измененным индексом."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1197
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "Пути явно указаны пути без опций -i или -o; предполагаю опцию --only…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1209 builtin/tag.c:728
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Неправильное значение режима очистки %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "С опцией -a указание пути не имеет смысла."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1324 builtin/commit.c:1604
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "кратко показать статус"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1326 builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "показать информацию о версии"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1328 builtin/commit.c:1608 builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "машиночитаемый вывод"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1331 builtin/commit.c:1610
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "показать статус в длинном формате (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1334 builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "завершать записи НУЛЕВЫМ байтом"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1336 builtin/commit.c:1616 builtin/fast-export.c:980
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:983 builtin/tag.c:603
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "режим"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr "показать неотслеживаемые файлы, опциональные режимы: all (все), normal (как обычно), no (нет). (По умолчанию: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "показать игнорируемые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1341 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "когда"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr "игнорировать изменения в подмодулях, опционально когда: all (всегда), dirty (измененные), untracked (неотслеживаемые). (По умолчанию: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1344
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "показать неотслеживаемые файлы по столбцам"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "нельзя запросить новосозданный коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "нельзя разобрать новосозданный коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "отделенный HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (корневой коммит)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "не выводить сводку после успешного коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "добавить список изменений в шаблон сообщения коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1577
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Опции сообщения коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578 builtin/tag.c:601
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "прочитать сообщение из файла"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "автор"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "подменить автора коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580 builtin/gc.c:275
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "дата"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "подменить дату коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581 builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/notes.c:391
+#: builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/tag.c:599
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "сообщение"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "сообщение коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "использовать и отредактировать сообщение от указанного коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "использовать сообщение указанного коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr "использовать форматированное сообщение автоуплотнения для исправления указанного коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1585
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr "использовать форматированное сообщение автоуплотнения для уплотнения указанного коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "коммит теперь за моим авторством (с использованием -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587 builtin/log.c:1191 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "добавить Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1588
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "использовать указанный файл шаблона"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1589
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "принудительно редактировать коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "по-умолчанию"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590 builtin/tag.c:604
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "как удалять пробелы и #комментарии из сообщения коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "включить статус файлов в шаблон сообщения коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592 builtin/merge.c:225 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/tag.c:605
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "key-id"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1593 builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "подписать коммит с помощью GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Опции содержимого коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "закоммитить все измененные файлы"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "добавить указанные файлы в индекс для коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "интерактивное добавление файлов"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "интерактивное добавление изменений"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "закоммитить только указанные файлы"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "пропустить перехватчик перед-коммитом"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "показать, что будет закоммичено"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "исправить предыдущий коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "пропустить перехватчик после-перезаписи"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "разрешить запись пустого коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1622
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "разрешить запись изменений с пустым сообщением"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1651
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "не удалось разобрать HEAD коммит"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1690 builtin/merge.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть «%s» для чтения"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1697
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Файл MERGE_HEAD поврежден (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1704
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1723
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть сообщение коммита: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1734
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Отмена коммита; вы не изменили сообщение.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1739
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Отмена коммита из-за пустого сообщения коммита.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1754 builtin/merge.c:851 builtin/merge.c:876
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "сбой записи объекта коммита"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1787
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr "Репозиторий был обновлен, но не удалось записать файл new_index. Удостоверьтесь, что на диске есть свободное место и квота не исчерпана, а после этого запустите «git reset HEAD» для восстановления."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Размещение файла конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "использовать глобальный файл конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "использовать системный файл конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "использовать файл конфигурации репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "использовать указанный файл конфигурации"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "идент-двоичн-объекта"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "прочитать настройки из указанного двоичного объекта"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Действие"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "получить значение: имя [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "получить все значения: ключ [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "получить значения по шаблону: шаблон-имен [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "получить значение, специфичное для URL: раздел[.переменная] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "заменить все соответствующие переменные: имя значение [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "добавить новую переменную: имя значение"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "удалить переменную: имя [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "удалить все совпадающие: имя [шаблон-значений]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "переименовать раздел: старое-имя новое-имя"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "удалить раздел: имя"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "показать весь список"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "открыть в редакторе"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "найти настроенный цвет: раздел [по-умолчанию]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "проверить, существует ли настроенный цвет: раздел [stdout-есть-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Тип"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "значение — это «true» (правда) или «false» (ложь)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "значение — это десятичное число"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "значение — это --bool или --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "значение — это путь (к файлу или каталогу)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Другое"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "завершать значения НУЛЕВЫМ байтом"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "учитывать директивы include (включения файлов) при запросе"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:316
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "не удалось разобрать значение цвета по умолчанию"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:457
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr "# Это файл конфигурации пользователя Git.\n[core]\n# Пожалуйста, адаптируйте и раскомментируйте следующие строки:\n#\tuser = %s\n#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:589
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "не удалось создать файл конфигурации %s"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:55
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:65
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "вывод размеров в удобочитаемом для человека виде"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<опции>] [<указатель-коммита>…]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<опции>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "аннотированная метка %s не доступна"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "аннотированная метка %s не содержит встроенного названия"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "метка «%s» уже здесь «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:452
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "Недействительное имя объекта %s"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s не является действительным объектом «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "нет меток, точно соответствующих «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "поиск описания для %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "поиск окончен на %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr "Нет аннотированных меток, которые могут описать «%s».\nНо имеются неаннотированные метки: попробуйте добавить параметр --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr "Нет меток, которые могут описать «%s….\nПопробуйте добавить параметр --always или создать какие-нибудь метки."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "посещено %lu коммитов\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr "более %i меток найдено; показано последние %i\nостановлен поиск после %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "поиск метки, которая идет после коммита"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "вывод отладочной информации стратегии поиска на стандартный вывод"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "использовать любую ссылку"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "использовать любую метку, даже неаннотированную"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "всегда использовать длинный формат вывода"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "следовать только за первым родителем"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "выводить только точные совпадения"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "рассматривать последние <n> меток (по умолчанию: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "рассматривать только метки по <шаблону>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "если не найдено, показать сокращенный номер ревизии коммита"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "пометка"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "добавить <пометку> при измененном рабочем каталоге (по умолчанию: «-dirty»)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long несовместимо с --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Имена не найдены, не могу ничего описать."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty несовместимо с указанием указателей коммитов"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "«%s»: не является обычным файлом или символьной ссылкой"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "неправильный параметр: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:358
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Не является репозиторием git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "передан неправильный объект «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "передано больше двух двоичных объектов: «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:417
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "передан необработанный объект «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:24
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [опции-rev-list]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:979
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "показать прогресс после <n> объектов"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:981
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "выбор обработки подписанных меток"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "выбор обработки меток, которыми помечены отфильтрованные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:987
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Записать пометки в этот файл"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Импортировать пометки из этого файла"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:991
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Подделать автора метки, если у метки он отсутствует"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:993
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Вывести полное дерево для каждого коммита"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:995
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Использовать пометку завершения в конце потока"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Пропустить вывод данных двоичных объектов"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "спецификация ссылки"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Применить спецификацию ссылки к экспортируемым ссылкам"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "сделать вывод анонимным"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:19
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<опции>] [<репозиторий> [<спецификация-ссылки>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<опции>] <группа>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<опции>] [(<репозиторий> | <группа>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "извлечь со всех внешних репозиториев"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:91
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "дописать к .git/FETCH_HEAD вместо перезаписи"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "путь к программе упаковки пакета на машине с внешним репозиторием"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "принудительная перезапись локальной ветки"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "извлечь с нескольких внешних репозиториев"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "извлечь все метки и связанные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "не извлекать все метки (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "почистить отслеживаемые внешние ветки, которых уже нет на внешнем репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "по требованию"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:104
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "управление рекурсивным извлечением подмодулей"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "оставить загруженный пакет данных"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:110
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "разрешить обновление ссылки HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "глубокая история частичного клона"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "преобразовать в полный репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "каталог"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "присоединять это спереди к выводу путей подмодуля"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:121
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "режим по умолчанию для рекурсии"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "принимать ссылки, которые обновляют .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:124
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "соответствие-ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:125
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "указать соответствие ссылок при извлечении"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Не удалось найти ссылку HEAD на внешнем репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "объект %s не найден"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:460
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[актуально]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s → %s  (не удалось извлечь в текущую ветку)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:475 builtin/fetch.c:561
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[отклонено]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[обновление метки]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488 builtin/fetch.c:523 builtin/fetch.c:541
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (не удалось обновить локальную ссылку)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:506
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[новая метка]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:509
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[новая ветка]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:512
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[новая ссылка]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "не удалось обновить локальную ссылку"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "принудительное обновление"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:563
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(без перемотки вперед)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:596 builtin/fetch.c:829
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть %s: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:605
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s не отправил все необходимые объекты\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr "%s отклонено из-за того, что частичные корни не разрешено обновлять"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:711 builtin/fetch.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Из %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:722
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr "не удалось обновить некоторые локальные ссылки; попробуйте запустить «git remote prune %s», чтобы почистить старые, конфликтующие ветки"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:774
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s будет висящей веткой)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:775
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s стала висящей веткой)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:799
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[удалено]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:800 builtin/remote.c:1060
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(нет)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Отказ получения в текущую ветку %s не голого репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:838
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "Неправильное значение «%2$s» для параметра «%1$s» для %3$s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Параметр «%s» игнорируется для %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Не знаю как извлечь с %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1059
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Извлечение из %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1061 builtin/remote.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось извлечь %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1079
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr "Не указан внешний репозиторий. Укажите URL или имя внешнего репозитория из которого должны извлекаться новые редакции."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Вам нужно указать имя метки."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1144
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "нельзя использовать одновременно --depth и --unshallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1146
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow не имеет смысла на полном репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1169
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all не принимает имя репозитория как аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1171
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all не имеет смысла при указании спецификаций ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "Нет такого внешнего репозитория или группы: %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1190
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Получение группы и указание спецификаций ссылок не имеет смысла"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <сообщение>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <файл>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:665 builtin/grep.c:698
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657 builtin/show-ref.c:178 builtin/tag.c:590
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "отправить в журнал <n> записей из короткого журнала"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "сокращение для --log (устаревшее)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "текст"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "использовать <текст> как начальное сообщение"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "файл для чтения"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:675
+msgid "unable to parse format"
+msgstr "не удалось разобрать формат"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1063
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<опции>] [<шаблон>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1078
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "выводить указатели места заполнения в подходящем формате для командного процессора"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1080
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "выводить указатели места заполнения в подходящем формате для perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1082
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "выводить указатели места заполнения в подходящем формате для python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1084
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "выводить указатели места заполнения в подходящем формате для Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1087
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "показать только <n> совпадающих ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088 builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "формат"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "использовать формат для вывода"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1089
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "ключ"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1090
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "имя поля, по которому выполнить сортировку"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:147 builtin/prune.c:137
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Проверка соединения"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:540
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Проверка каталогов объектов"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:603
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<опции>] [<объект>…]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:609
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "показать недоступные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:610
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "показать объекты, на которые нет ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:611
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "вывести отчет по меткам"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:612
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "вывести отчет по корневым узлам"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "воспринимать объекты в индексе как корневые узлы"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "создать корневые узлы журналов ссылок (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "также проверять пакеты и альтернативные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "использовать более строгую проверку"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "записать объекты на которые нет ссылок в .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619 builtin/prune.c:108
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "показать прогресс выполнения"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:669
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Проверка объектов"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:24
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+msgstr "Неправильный gc.pruneexpire: «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "слишком длинный путь к каталогу объекта %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:276
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "почистить объекты, на которые нет ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:278
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "проверять более внимательно (занимает больше времени)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:279
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "включить режим auto-gc"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:280
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "принудительно запустить gc, даже есть другая копия gc уже запущена"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Автоматическая упаковка репозитория в фоне, для оптимальной производительности.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:323
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Автоматическая упаковка репозитория, для оптимальной производительности.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Смотрите «git help gc» руководства по ручной очистке.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:342
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr "gc уже запущен на этом компьютере «%s» pid %<PRIuMAX> (если нет, используйте --force)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:364
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove "
+"them."
+msgstr "Имеется слишком много объектов, на которые нет ссылок; запустите «git prune» для их удаления."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<опции>] [-e] <шаблон> [<редакция>…] [[--] <путь>…]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: сбой создания потока: %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:441 builtin/grep.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать дерево (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить grep из объекта типа %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:547
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "параметр «%c» ожидает числовое значение"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:638
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "искать в индексе, а не в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:640
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "искать в содержимом не управляемым git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "искать и в отслеживаемых, и в неотслеживаемых файлах"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "игнорировать файлы указанные в «.gitignore»"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "искать в несовпадающих строках"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "без учета регистра"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "искать совпадения шаблона только на границах слов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "обработка двоичных файлов как текста"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "не искать совпадения шаблона в двоичных файлах"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "обрабатываться двоичные файлы с помощью фильтров textconv"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "на глубине максиму <глубина> уровней"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "использовать расширенные регулярные выражения POSIX"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "использовать базовые регулярные выражения POSIX (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "интерпретировать шаблоны как фиксированные строки"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "использовать Perl-совместимые регулярные выражения"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "вывести номера строк"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "не выводить имена файлов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "выводить имена файлов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "выводить имена файлов относительно каталога репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "выводить только имена файлов, а не совпадающие строки"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "синоним для --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "выводить только несовпадающие имена файлов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "выводить двоичный НОЛЬ после списка имен файлов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "выводить количество совпадений, а не совпадающие строки"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "подсвечивать совпадения"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "выводить пустую строку после совпадений из разных файлов"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr "выводить имя файла только раз на несколько совпадений в одном файле"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "показать <n> строк контекста перед и после совпадения"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "показать <n> строк контекста перед совпадением"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "показать <n> строк контекста после совпадения"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "тоже, что и -C КОЛИЧЕСТВО"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "показать строку с именем функции перед совпадением"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "показать окружающую функцию"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "прочитать шаблоны из файла"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "поиск соответствий с <шаблоном>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "объединить шаблоны указанные с помощью -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:729
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "ничего не выводить, указать на совпадение с помощью кода выхода"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "показать только совпадения из файлов в которых совпадают все шаблоны"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "показать дерево разбора для выражения поиска"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "пейджер"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "показать совпадающие файлы с помощью программы-пейджера"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "разрешить вызов grep(1) (игнорируется в этой сборке)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "показать использование"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:808
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "не задан шаблон."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager работает только в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:892
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached или --untracked нельзя использовать одновременно с --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index или --untracked нельзя использовать одновременно с указанием ревизии."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:900
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard не может использоваться для отслеживаемого содержимого."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:908
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "указано одновременно --cached и дерево."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git hash-object [-t <тип>] [-w] [--path=<файл> | --no-filters] [--stdin] [--] <файл>…"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:83
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <список-путей>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94 builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "тип"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "тип объекта"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:95
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "запись объекта в базу данных объектов"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать объект из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "сохранить файл без использования фильтров"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr "хешировать любой мусор и создавать поврежденные объекты для отладки Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:101
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "обработать файл так, будто он находится по указанному пути"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "вывести список всех доступных команд"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "вывести список полезных руководств"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "открыть руководство в формате man"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "открыть руководство в веб-браузере"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "открыть руководство в формате info"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<команда>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "неопознанный формат руководства «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Сбой при запуске emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Сбой при определении версии emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "версия emacsclient «%d» слишком старая (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:158 builtin/help.c:167 builtin/help.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "сбой при запуске «%s»: %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr "«%s»: путь для неподдерживаемой программы просмотра man.\nВместо этого используйте «man.<программа>.cmd»."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr "«%s»: команда для неподдерживаемой программы просмотра man.\nВместо этого используйте «man.<программа>.path»."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "«%s»: неизвестная программа просмотра man."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:371
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "программа просмотра man не обработала запрос"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:379
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "программа просмотра info не обработала запрос"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Определение атрибутов для путей файлов или каталогов"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:429
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Повседневный Git с 20 командами или около того"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:430
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Глоссарий Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:431
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Указание специально игнорируемых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Определение свойств подмодулей"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:433
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Указание редакций и диапазонов для Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:434
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Учебное введение в Git (для версии 1.5.1 или новее)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:435
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Обзор рекомендуемых последовательностей выполняемых действий с Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:447
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Основные руководства Git:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:468 builtin/help.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "использование: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "«git %s» — это сокращение для «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "несоответствие типа объекта на %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "ожидаемый объект не получен на %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "объект %s: ожидаемый тип %s, получен %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "не удалось заполнить %d байт"
+msgstr[1] "не удалось заполнить %d байта"
+msgstr[2] "не удалось заполнить %d байтов"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:275
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "неожиданный конец файла"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:276
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "ошибка чтения ввода"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:288
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "использовано больше байт, чем было доступно"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "пакет слишком большой для текущего определения off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось создать «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть файл пакета «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:330
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "несоответствие подписи пакета"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "версия пакета %<PRIu32> не поддерживается"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "в пакете содержится поврежденный объект по смещению %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "программа сжатия вернула %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:520
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "переполнение значения смещения у базового объекта дельты"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:528
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "смещение базовой дельты вышло за допустимые пределы"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "неизвестный тип объекта %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:567
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить pread для файла пакета"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "преждевременное окончание файла пакета, %lu байт отсутствует"
+msgstr[1] "преждевременное окончание файла пакета, %lu байта отсутствует"
+msgstr[2] "преждевременное окончание файла пакета, %lu байтов отсутствует"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:595
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "серьезное несоответствие при распаковке"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:686 builtin/index-pack.c:692 builtin/index-pack.c:715
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "НАЙДЕНА КОЛЛИЗИЯ SHA1 С %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:689 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать существующий объект %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "неправильный файл двоичного объекта %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:783
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "неправильный %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:787
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Ошибка в объекте"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Не все дочерние объекты %s достижимы"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:861 builtin/index-pack.c:890
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "сбой при применении дельты"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Получение объектов"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Индексирование объектов"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1081
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "пакет поврежден (несоответствие SHA1)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1086
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить fstat для файла пакета"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1089
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "файл пакета содержит мусор в конце"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1100
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "безумная путаница в parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1123
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Определение изменений"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1133
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "не удалось создать поток: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1175
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "безумная путаница"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "завершено с %d локальными объектами"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Неожиданная контрольная сумма в конце %s (диск поврежден?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1195
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "пакет содержит %d неразрешенную дельту"
+msgstr[1] "пакет содержит %d неразрешенные дельты"
+msgstr[2] "пакет содержит %d неразрешенных дельт"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "нельзя сжать присоединенный объект (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "локальный объект %s поврежден"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1322
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "ошибка при закрытии файла пакета"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось записать файл удержания «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1343
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось закрыть записанный файл удержания «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1356
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "не удалось сохранить файл пакета"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "не удалось сохранить файл индекса"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "плохой pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "указано неправильное количество потоков (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1410 builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "нет поддержки потоков, игнорирование %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось открыть существующий файл пакета «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось открыть существующий файл индекса для «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "не дельты: %d объект"
+msgstr[1] "не дельты: %d объекта"
+msgstr[2] "не дельты: %d объектов"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "длина цепочки = %d: %lu объект"
+msgstr[1] "длина цепочки = %d: %lu объекта"
+msgstr[2] "длина цепочки = %d: %lu объектов"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1553
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Не удалось вернуться в текущий рабочий каталог"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1601 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1616 builtin/index-pack.c:1620
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "плохой %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1634
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin нельзя использовать без --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638 builtin/index-pack.c:1647
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "имя пакета «%s» не оканчивается на «.pack»"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1655
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify без указания имени файла пакета"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Не удалось предоставить доступ к %s на запись"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr "слишком длинное имя шаблона %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить stat для «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить stat для шаблона «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить opendir для «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить readlink для «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr "слишком длинная символьная ссылка %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось создать символьную ссылку «%s» на «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось скопировать файл «%s» в «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "игнорирование шаблона %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr "слишком длинный путь шаблона %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "шаблоны не найдены %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr "не копирую шаблоны в неправильной версии формата %d из «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr "слишком длинный путь к каталогу git %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:331 builtin/init-db.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s уже существует"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "не удается обработать файл типа %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "не удается переместить файл %s в %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:426
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s репозиторий Git в %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Реинициализация существующего"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Инициализирован пустой"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:428
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " общий"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] "
+"[--shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr "git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<каталог-шаблонов>] [--shared[=<права-доступа>]] [<каталог>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:498
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "права-доступа"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:499
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "укажите, если репозиторий git будет использоваться несколькими пользователями"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:501 builtin/prune-packed.c:57 builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "тихий режим"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533 builtin/init-db.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить mkdir %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить chdir в %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:563
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr "%s (или --work-tree=<каталог>) нельзя использовать без указания %s (или --git-dir=<каталог>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось получить доступ к рабочему каталогу «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...]"
+" [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <лексема>[(=|:)<значение>])…] [<файл>…]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:25
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "удалять пустые завершители"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "завершитель"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "завершители для добавления"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<опции>] [<диапазон-редакций>] [[--] <путь>…]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<опции>] <объект>…"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "неправильный параметр для --decorate: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "не выводить различия"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "показать источник"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:129
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Использовать файл соответствия почтовых адресов"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:130
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "опции формата вывода ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:133
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Обработать диапазон строк n,m из файла, начиная с 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Финальный вывод: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: плохой файл"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:472 builtin/log.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось прочитать объект %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Неизвестный тип объекта: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:689
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "в format.headers не указано значение"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:773
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "слишком длинное имя выходного каталога"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Ну удалось открыть файл изменений %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:803
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Нужен только один диапазон."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:811
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Не является диапазоном."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:919
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "Сопроводительное письмо должно быть в формате электронной почты"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "ошибка в поле in-reply-to: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1026
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<опции>] [<начиная-с> | <диапазон-редакций>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1071
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Два выходных каталога?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "выводить [PATCH n/m] даже когда один патч"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "выводить [PATCH] даже когда несколько патчей"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "выводить патчи на стандартный вывод"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1195
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "генерировать сопроводительное письмо"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "использовать простую последовательность чисел для имен выходных файлов"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "суффикс"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "использовать суффикс <суффикс> вместо «.patch»"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1201
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "начать нумерацию патчей с <n>, а не с 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "пометить серию как энную попытку"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Использовать [<префикс>] вместо [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "сохранить результирующие файлы в <каталог>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "не обрезать/добавлять [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "не выводить двоичные различия"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "не включать патч, если коммит уже есть в вышестоящей ветке"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1218
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "выводить в формате патча, а не в стандартном (патч + статистика)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Передача сообщений"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "заголовок"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "добавить заголовок сообщения"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223 builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "почта"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "добавить заголовок To:"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "добавить заголовок Cc:"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1227
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "идентификатор"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1228
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "установить адрес отправителя на <идентификатор> (или на идентификатор коммитера, если отсутствует)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1230
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "идентификатор-сообщения"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "сделать первое письмо ответом на <идентификатор-сообщения>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232 builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "вложение"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "приложить патч"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "включить патч в текст письма"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1240
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "включить в письмах иерархичность, стили: shallow (частичную), deep (глубокую)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1242
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "подпись"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1243
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "добавить подпись"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1245
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "добавить подпись из файла"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1246
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "не выводить имена файлов патчей"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "неправильная строка идентификации: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1335
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n и -k нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1337
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix и -k нельзя использовать одновременно."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1345
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only не имеет смысла"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1347
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status не имеет смысла"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1349
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check не имеет смысла"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1372
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "стандартный вывод или каталог?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1374
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось создать каталог «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1472
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать файл подписи «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1535
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Сбой при создании выходных файлов"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1583
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<вышестоящая-ветка> [<голова> [<ограничение>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1638
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> "
+"manually.\n"
+msgstr "Не удалось найти отслеживаемую внешнюю ветку, укажите <вышестоящую-ветку> вручную.\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1651 builtin/log.c:1653 builtin/log.c:1665
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Неизвестный коммит %s"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:358
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<опции>] [<файл>…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:415
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "выводить имена файлов с метками"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:417
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "использовать символы в нижнем регистре для «предположительно без изменений» файлов"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:419
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "показывать кэшированные файлы при выводе (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:421
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "показывать удаленные файлы при выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:423
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "показывать измененные файлы при выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "показывать другие файлы при выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "показывать игнорируемые файлы при выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:430
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "показывать имя индексированного объекта на выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:432
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "показывать файлы в файловой системе, которые должны быть удалены"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:434
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "показывать только имена у «других» каталогов"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "не показывать пустые каталоги"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:440
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "показывать не слитые файлы на выводе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "показывать информации о разрешении конфликтов и отмене"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "пропустить файлы, соответствующие шаблону"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:447
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "прочитать шаблоны исключения из <файл>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "прочитать дополнительные покаталожные шаблоны исключения из <файл>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:452
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "добавить стандартные исключения git"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "выводить пути относительно корневого каталога проекта"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:458
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "если какой-либо <файл> не в индексе, считать это ошибкой"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "указатель-дерева"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr "притвориться, что пути удалены, т.к. <указатель-дерева> еще существует"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "показать отладочную информацию"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<опции>] <указатель-дерева> [<путь>…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "выводить только деревья"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "проходить рекурсивно в поддеревья"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:131
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "выводить деревья при рекурсивном проходе"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "разделять записи с помощью НУЛЕВОГО байта"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "включить размер объекта"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:137 builtin/ls-tree.c:139
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "выводить только имена файлов"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "использовать полные пути"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:144
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "вывести полное дерево; не только текущий каталог (включает в себя --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<опции>] [<коммит>…]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<опции>] <сообщение> HEAD <коммит>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:100
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "при указании параметра «m» требуется указать значение"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Не удалось найти стратегию слияния «%s».\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Доступные стратегии:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Доступные пользовательские стратегии:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:193
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "не выводить статистику изменений после окончания слияния"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "вывести статистику изменений после окончания слияния"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(синоним для --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:199
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr "добавить (максимум <n>) записей из короткого журнала в сообщение коммита у слияния"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "создать один коммит, вместо выполнения слияния"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "сделать коммит, если слияние прошло успешно (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "отредактировать сообщение перед выполнением коммита"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "разрешить перемотку вперед (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "отменить выполнение слияния, если перемотка вперед не возможна"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Проверить, что указанный коммит имеет верную электронную подпись GPG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214 builtin/notes.c:753 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "стратегия"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "используемая стратегия слияния"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "опция=значение"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "опции для выбранной стратегии слияния"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "сообщение коммита для слияния (для слияния без перемотки вперед)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:223
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "отменить выполнение происходящего слияния"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:251
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:256
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "сбой при выполнении stash"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "неправильный объект: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:280 builtin/merge.c:297
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "сбой при выполнении read-tree"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:327
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (нечего уплотнять)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Уплотнение коммита — не обновляя HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:372
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Запись SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:374
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Завершение SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Нет сообщения слияния — не обновляем HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:447
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "«%s» не указывает на коммит"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:559
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Неправильная строка branch.%s.mergeoptions: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:654
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree не удалось записать дерево"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:678
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Не обрабатываю ничего, кроме слияния двух указателей на коммиты."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:692
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Неизвестный параметр merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:705
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "не удалось записать %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось прочесть из «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Не выполняю коммит слияния; используйте «git commit» для завершения слияния.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr "Пожалуйста, введите сообщение коммита, для объяснения, зачем нужно\nэто слияние, особенно, если это слияние обновленной вышестоящей\nветки в тематическую ветку.\n\nСтроки, начинающиеся с «%c» будут проигнорированы, а пустое\nсообщение отменяет процесс коммита.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:833
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Пустое сообщение коммита."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Прекрасно.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr "Не удалось провести автоматическое слияние; исправьте конфликты и сделайте коммит результата.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "«%s» не является коммитом"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:957
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Нет текущей ветки."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:959
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "У текущей ветки нет внешнего репозитория."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Для текущей ветки не указана вышестоящая ветка по умолчанию."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:966
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Не указана внешняя отслеживаемая ветка для %s на %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1122
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Нет слияния, которое можно отменить (отсутствует файл MERGE_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1138
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr "Вы не завершили слияние (присутствует файл MERGE_HEAD).\nВыполните коммит ваших изменений, перед слиянием."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Вы не завершили слияние (присутствует файл MERGE_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr "Вы не завершили отбор лучшего (присутствует файл CHERRY_PICK_HEAD).\nПожалуйста, выполните коммит ваших изменений, перед слиянием."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Вы не завершили отбор лучшего (присутствует файл CHERRY_PICK_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Нельзя использовать одновременно --squash и --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Коммит не указан и параметр merge.defaultToUpstream не установлен."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1198
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Можно слить строго один коммит в пустой HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1201
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Уплотнение коммита в пустой HEAD еще не поддерживается"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1203
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "Коммит, не являющийся перемоткой вперед, нет смысла делать в пустой HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s не является тем, что можно слить"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Коммит %s содержит не доверенную GPG подпись, предположительно от %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Коммит %s содержит плохую GPG подпись, предположительно от %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Коммит %s не содержит GPG подпись."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Коммит %s содержит действительную GPG подпись, от %s.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1349
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Обновление %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1388
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Попытка тривиального слияния в индексе…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Не вышло.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1427
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Перемотка вперед не возможна, отмена."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1450 builtin/merge.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Перемотка дерева к исходному состоянию…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1454
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Попытка слияния с помощью стратегии %s…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1520
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Ни одна стратегия слияния не обработала слияние.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Сбой при слиянии с помощью стратегии %s.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Использую %s для подготовки ручного разрешения конфликтов.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr "Автоматическое слияние прошло успешно; как и запрашивали, остановлено перед выполнением коммита\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <коммит> <коммит>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <коммит>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <коммит>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <коммит> <коммит>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <ссылка> [<коммит>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "вывести всех общих предков"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "вывести предков для одного многоходового слияния"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "вывести список ревизий, которые не достижимы из друг друга"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "является первым предком второго указанного коммита?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "найти журнале ссылок <ссылка> где именно <коммит> разветвился"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr "git merge-file [<опции>] [-L имя1 [-L orig [-L имя2]]] <файл1> <ориг-файл> <файл2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "вывести результат на стандартный вывод"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "использовать diff3 слияние"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "при возникновении конфликтов, использовать нашу версию"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "при возникновении конфликтов, использовать их версию"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "при возникновении конфликтов, использовать обе версии"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "при возникновении конфликтов, использовать этот размер маркера"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "не предупреждать о конфликтах"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "установить метки для файл1/ориг-файл/файл2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:64
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:150
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "ввод отделенный НУЛЕВЫМИ символами"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:151 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "допустить отсутствие объектов"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "допустить создание более одного дерева"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<опции>] <источник>… <назначение>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Каталог %s в индексе и не является подмодулем?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:71
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr "Чтобы продолжить, проиндексируйте или спрячьте ваши изменения в файле .gitmodules"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s в индесе"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:111
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "принудительно перемещать/переименовать, даже если цель существует"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "пропускать ошибки при перемещении/переименовании"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "целевой путь «%s» не является каталогом"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Проверка переименования из «%s» в «%s»\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:166
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "плохой источник"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:169
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "нельзя переместить каталог в самого себя"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:172
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "нельзя переместить каталог в файл"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "исходный каталог пуст"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:206
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "не под версионным контролем"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:209
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "целевой путь уже существует"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "перезапись «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:220
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Не удалось перезаписать"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:223
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "несколько источников для одного целевого пути"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:225
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "целевой каталог не существует"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, откуда=%s, куда=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Переименование %s в %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:256 builtin/remote.c:728 builtin/repack.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "сбой при переименовании «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:255
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<опции>] <коммит>…"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:256
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<опции>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:257
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<опции>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:309
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "выводить только имена (без SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:310
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "использовать только метки для именования коммитов"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "использовать только ссылки, соответствующие <шаблону> "
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "вывести список всех коммитов, достижимых со всех ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "разрешить вывод «undefined», если не найдено (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "разыменовывать введенные метки (для внутреннего использования)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <ссылка-на-заметку>] [list [<объект>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file>"
+" | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <ссылка-на-заметку>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <сообщение> | -F <файл> | (-c | -C) <объект>] [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <ссылка-на-заметку>] copy [-f] <из-объекта> <в-объект>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> |"
+" (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <ссылка-на-заметку>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <сообщение> | -F <файл> | (-c | -C) <объект>] [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <ссылка-на-заметку>] edit [--allow-empty] [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <ссылка-на-заметку>] show [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <ссылка-на-заметку>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <стратегия>] <ссылка-на-заметку>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <ссылка-на-заметку>] remove [<объект>…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <ссылка-на-заметку>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <ссылка-на-заметку>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<объект>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<опции>] [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<опции>] <из-объекта> <в-объект>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<из-объекта> <в-объект>]…"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<опции>] [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<объект>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<опции>] <ссылка-на-заметку>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось запустить «show» для объекта «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:150
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать вывод «show»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось завершить «show» для объекта «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:173 builtin/tag.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось создать файл «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:192
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Пожалуйста, укажите содержимое заметки, используя опцию -m или -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:201
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "не удалось записать объект заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Содержимое заметки осталось в %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:231 builtin/tag.c:693
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:233 builtin/tag.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось открыть или прочитать «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/notes.c:303 builtin/notes.c:305
+#: builtin/notes.c:365 builtin/notes.c:420 builtin/notes.c:506
+#: builtin/notes.c:511 builtin/notes.c:589 builtin/notes.c:652
+#: builtin/notes.c:854 builtin/tag.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Не удалось разрешить «%s» как ссылку."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Не удалось прочитать объект «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "Не удалось прочитать данные заметки из недвоичного объекта «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Плохая строка ввода: «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось скопировать заметку из «%s» в «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:358 builtin/notes.c:413 builtin/notes.c:489
+#: builtin/notes.c:501 builtin/notes.c:577 builtin/notes.c:645
+#: builtin/notes.c:919
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "передано слишком много параметров"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Не найдена заметка для объекта %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:392 builtin/notes.c:555
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "текстовое содержимое заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:395 builtin/notes.c:558
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "содержимое заметки в файле"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:397 builtin/notes.c:400 builtin/notes.c:560
+#: builtin/notes.c:563 builtin/tag.c:628
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "объект"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "использовать и отредактировать указанный объект заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:401 builtin/notes.c:564
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "использовать указанный объект заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:567
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "разрешить сохранение пустой заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:476
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "заменить существующие заметки"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:430
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr "Не удалось добавить заметку. Найдена существующая заметка у объекта %s. Используйте параметр «-f» для перезаписи существующих заметок."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:524
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Перезапись существующих заметок у объекта %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:617 builtin/notes.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Удаление заметки у объекта %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:477
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать объекты из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:479
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "загрузить настройки перезаписи для команды <команда> (включает в себя --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:497
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "передано слишком мало параметров"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite"
+" existing notes"
+msgstr "Не удалось скопировать заметку. Найдена существующая заметка у объекта %s. Используйте параметр «-f» для перезаписи существующих заметок."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Нет заметок у исходного объекта %s. Нельзя скопировать."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr "Опции -m/-F/-c/-C для подкоманды «edit» устарели.\nИспользуйте вместо них «git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C».\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:750
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Общие опции"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:752
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Опции слияния"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:754
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy "
+"(manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr "разрешить конфликты заметок с помощью указанной стратегии (manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:756
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Коммит не слитых заметок"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:758
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "завершить слияние заметок коммитом не слитых заметок"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:760
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Отмена разрешения слияния заметок"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:762
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "отменить слияние заметок"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "У объекта %s нет заметки\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "попытка удаления несуществующей заметки не является ошибкой"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:872
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "прочитать имена объектов из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:953
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "ссылка-на-заметку"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:954
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "использовать заметку из <ссылка-на-заметку>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:989 builtin/remote.c:1621
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Неизвестная подкоманда: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects --stdout [опции…] [< список-ссылок | < список-объектов]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects [опции…] имя-базы [< список-ссылок | < список-объектов]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "ошибка сжатия (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:771
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Запись объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1013
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr "отключение записи битовых карт, так как некоторые объекты не были упакованы"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2173
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Сжатие объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2570
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "неподдерживаемая версия индекса %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2574
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "плохая версия индекса «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "опция %s не принимает отрицательные значения"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr "не удалось разобрать значение «%s» для опции %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "не выводить прогресс выполнения"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "показать прогресс выполнения"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "показать прогресс выполнения во время записи объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2628
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "похоже на --all-progress при включенном прогрессе выполнения"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "версия[,смещение]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2630
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "записать файл индекса пакета в указанной версии формата"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "максимальный размер каждого выходного файла пакета"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2635
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "игнорировать чужие объекты, взятые из альтернативного хранилища объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2637
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "игнорировать упакованные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "ограничить окно пакета по количеству объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2641
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "дополнительно к количеству объектов ограничить окно пакета по памяти"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2643
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "максимальная разрешенная длина цепочки дельт в результирующем пакете"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "использовать повторно существующие дельты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "использовать повторно существующие объекты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "использовать объекты OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "использовать многопоточность при поиске лучших совпадений дельт"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2653
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "не создавать пустые выходные пакеты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2655
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "прочитать аргументы редакций из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2657
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "ограничиться объектами, которые еще не упакованы"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "включить объекты, которые достижимы по любой из ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2663
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "включить объекты, на которые ссылаются записи журнала ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "включить объекты, на которые ссылается индекс"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2669
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "вывести пакет на  стандартный вывод"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2671
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "включить объекты меток, которые ссылаются на упаковываемые объекты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2673
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "сохранять ссылки на недоступные объекты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2674 parse-options.h:140
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "время"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2675
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "распаковать недоступные объекты, которые новее, чем <время>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2678
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "создавать тонкие пакеты"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2680
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "создавать пакеты, подходящие для частичных извлечений"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2682
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "игнорировать пакеты, рядом с которыми лежит .keep файл"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2684
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "уровень сжатия пакета"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2686
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "не скрывать коммиты сращениями"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2688
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr "по возможности использовать индекс в битовых картах, для ускорения подсчета объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2690
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "запись индекса в битовых картах вместе с индексом пакета"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2781
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Подсчет объектов"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "паковать всё"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "почистить слабые ссылки (по умолчанию)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Удаление дублирующихся объектов"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <время>] [--] [<имя-ветки>…]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "не удалять, только показать список"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "вывести список удаленных объектов"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:110
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "удалить объекты старее чем <дата-окончания>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<опции>] [<репозиторий> [<спецификация-ссылки>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:85
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "указано сокращение tag, но не указана сама <метка>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:95
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "опция --delete принимает только простые целевые имена ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr "\nЧтобы выбрать любую из опций на постоянной основе, смотрите push.default в «git help config»."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:142
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr "Имя вышестоящей ветки и вашей текущей ветки различаются. Чтобы отправить изменения в вышестоящую ветку на внешнем репозитории, используйте:\n\n    git push %s HEAD:%s\n\nЧтобы отправить изменения в ветку с таким же именем на внешнем репозитории, используйте:\n\n    git push %s %s\n%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr "Вы сейчас не находитесь ни на одной из веток.\nЧтобы отправить историю, ведущую к текущему (отделенный HEAD) состоянию, используйте\n\n    git push %s HEAD:<имя-внешней-ветки>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr "Текущая ветка %s не имеет вышестоящей ветки.\nЧтобы отправить текущую ветку и установить внешнюю ветку как вышестоящую для этой ветки, используйте\n\n    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "Ваша текущая ветка %s имеет несколько вышестоящих веток, отказ в отправке изменений."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас отправляете изменения на внешний репозиторий «%s», который не является вышестоящим для вашей текущей ветки «%s», без указания того, что отправлять и в какую внешнюю ветку."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:205
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+"to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+"\n"
+"Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+"behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+"remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr "push.default не установлен; его неявное значение было изменено в Git версии 2.0 с «matching» на «simple». Чтобы прекратить вывод этого сообщения и сохранить старое поведение, используйте:\n\n  git config --global push.default matching\n\nЧтобы прекратить вывод этого сообщения и использовать новое поведение, используйте:\n\n  git config --global push.default simple\n\nКогда push.default установлено в «matching», git будет отправлять изменения локальных веток в существующие внешние ветки с таким же именем.\n\nНачиная с Git версии 2.0, по умолчанию используется более консервативное поведение «simple», которое отправляет изменения текущей ветки в соответствующую внешнюю ветку, из которой «git pull» забирает изменения.\n\nСмотрите «git help config» и ищите «push.default» для дополнительной информации.\n(режим «simple» появился в Git версии 1.7.11. Используйте похожий режим «current» вместо «simple», если вы иногда используете старые версии Git)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:272
+msgid "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr "Вы не указали спецификацию ссылки для отправки, а push.default указан как \"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:279
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr "Обновления были отклонены, так как верхушка вашей текущей ветки\nпозади ее внешней части. Заберите и слейте внешние изменения \n(например, с помощью «git pull …») перед повторной попыткой отправки\nизменений.\nДля дополнительной информации смотрите «Note about fast-forwards»\nв «git push --help»."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr "Обновления были отклонены, так как верхушка отправляемой ветки\nпозади ее внешней части. Переключитесь на ветку и заберите внешние\nизменения (например, с помощью «git pull …») перед повторной\nпопыткой отправки изменений.\nДля дополнительной информации смотрите «Note about fast-forwards»\nв «git push --help»."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr "Обновления были отклонены, так как внешний репозиторий содержит\nизменения, которых у вас нет в вашем локальном репозитории.\nОбычно, это связанно с тем, что кто-то уже отправил изменения в \nто же место. Перед повторной отправкой ваших изменений, вам нужно\nзабрать и слить изменения из внешнего репозитория себе\n(например, с помощью «git pull …»).\nДля дополнительной информации смотрите «Note about fast-forwards»\nв «git push --help»."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:298
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Обновления были отклонены, так как метка уже существует во внешнем репозитории."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:301
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr "Вы не можете обновить внешнюю ссылку, которая указывает на объект, не являющийся коммитом или обновить внешнюю ссылку так, чтобы она указывала на объект, не являющийся коммитом, без указания опции «--force».\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Отправка в %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось отправить некоторые ссылки в «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:394
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "плохой репозитория «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:395
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr "Не настроена точка назначения для отправки.\nЛибо укажите URL с помощью коммандной строки, либо настройте внешний репозиторий с помощью\n\n    git remote add <имя> <адрес>\n\nа затем отправьте изменения с помощью имени внешнего репозитория\n\n    git push <имя>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:410
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all и --tags нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:411
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all нельзя использовать вместе со спецификациями ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:416
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror и --tags нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:417
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror нельзя использовать вместе со спецификациями ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:422
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all и --mirror нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:502
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:503
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "отправить все ссылки"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:504
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "сделать зеркало всех ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "удалить ссылки"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "отправить метки (нельзя использовать вместе с --all или --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "принудительное обновление"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:512
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "имя-ссылки>:<ожидается"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "требовать, чтобы старое значение ссылки было ожидаемым"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "управление рекурсивной отправкой подмодулей"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:518
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "использовать тонкие пакеты"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519 builtin/push.c:520
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "путь к программе упаковки на сервере"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "установить вышестоящую ветку для git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "почистить локально удаленные ссылки"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:526
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "пропустить перехватчик перед-отправкой"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "отправить пропущенные, но нужные метки"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "подписать отправку с помощью GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "запросить выполнение атомарной транзакции на внешней стороне"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:539
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete несовместимо с  --all, --mirror и --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:541
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete не имеет смысла без указания ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>]"
+" [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] "
+"[--index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr "git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<префикс>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--index-output=<файл>] (--empty | <указатель-дерева-1> [<указатель-дерева-2> [<указатель-дерева-3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "записать результирующий индекс в <файл>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "просто очистить индекс"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Слияние"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "выполнить слияние в дополнение к чтению"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "трехходовое слияние, если не требуется слияние на уровне файлов"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "трехходовое слияние в случае присутствия добавлений или удалений файлов"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "тоже, что и -m, но отменяет изменения не слитых записей"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<подкаталог>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "прочитать дерево в индекс в <подкаталог>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "обновить рабочий каталог результатом слияния"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "разрешить перезапись явно игнорируемых файлов"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "не проверять рабочий каталог после слияния"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "не обновлять индекс или рабочий каталог"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "пропустить применение фильтра частичного перехода"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "отладка unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "«%s» для «%s» не является допустимой меткой даты/времени"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:546 builtin/reflog.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "«%s» не является допустимой меткой даты/времени"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] "
+"[--mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [-t <ветка>] [-m <мастер-ветка>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--mirror=<fetch|push>] <имя> <адрес>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:33
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <старое-название> <новое-название>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:38
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <имя>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:43
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <имя> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <ветка>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <имя>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <имя>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<группа> | <имя-внешнего-репозитория>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <имя> <ветка>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <имя> <новый-url> [<старый-url>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <имя> <новый-url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:71
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <имя> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:28
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<опции>] <имя> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <имя> <ветка>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <имя> <ветка>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:54
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<опции>] <имя>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:59
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<опции>] <имя>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:64
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<опции>] [<группа> | <имя-внешнего-репозитория>]…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Обновление %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:120
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr "ключ --mirror небезопасен и не рекомендуется к использованию;\nиспользуйте вместо него --mirror=fetch или --mirror=push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "неизвестный аргумент для mirror: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:153
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "извлечь внешние ветки"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:155
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "импортировать все метки и ассоциированные объекты при извлечении"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:158
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "или не извлекать метки вообще (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:160
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "отслеживаемые ветки"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "мастер ветка"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:162
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "настроить внешний репозиторий как зеркало для отправки или извлечения изменений"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:175
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "указание мастер ветки не имеет смысла с параметром --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:177
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "указание отслеживаемых веток имеет смысл только при зеркальном извлечении"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187 builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "внешний репозиторий %s уже существует"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:191 builtin/remote.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "«%s» не является допустимым именем внешнего репозитория."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:235
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось настроить мастер ветку «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось извлечь карту для спецификации ссылки %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:436 builtin/remote.c:444
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(соответствующая)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(удаленная)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:592 builtin/remote.c:598 builtin/remote.c:604
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось добавить «%s» к «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:636 builtin/remote.c:795 builtin/remote.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Нет такого внешнего репозитория: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось переименовать секцию конфигурации с «%s» на «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:659 builtin/remote.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось удалить секцию файла конфигурации «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr "Не обновляю нестандартную спецификацию ссылки для извлечения\n\t%s\n\tПожалуйста, если требуется, обновите конфигурацию вручную."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось добавить «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:691
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Не удалось установить «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:713
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "не удалось удалить «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "не удалось создать «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось удалить ветку «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:833
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] "Примечание: Некоторые ветки вне иерархии refs/remotes/ не будут удалены;\nчтобы удалить их, используйте:"
+msgstr[1] "Примечание: Некоторые ветки вне иерархии refs/remotes/ не будут удалены;\nчтобы удалить их, используйте:"
+msgstr[2] "Примечание: Некоторые ветки вне иерархии refs/remotes/ не будут удалены;\nчтобы удалить их, используйте:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " новая (следующее извлечение сохранит ее в remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:951
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " отслеживается"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:953
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " недействительна (используйте «git remote prune», чтобы удалить)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:955
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "неправильный параметр конфигурации branch.%s.merge; невозможно переместить более чем над 1 веткой"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "будет перемещена над внешней веткой %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1006
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " будет слита с внешней веткой %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1007
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    и с внешней веткой"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "будет слита с внешней веткой %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1010
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   и с внешней веткой"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1056
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "создана"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1059
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "удалена"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1063
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "уже актуальна"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1066
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "возможна перемотка вперед"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1069
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "локальная ветка устарела"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1076
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s будет принудительно отправлена в %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1079
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s будет отправлена в %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s будет принудительно отправлена в %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s будет отправлена в %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "не опрашивать внешние репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* внешний репозиторий %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL для извлечения: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1183 builtin/remote.c:1334
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(нет URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1192 builtin/remote.c:1194
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL для отправки: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1196 builtin/remote.c:1198 builtin/remote.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  HEAD ветка: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1202
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  HEAD ветка (HEAD внешнего репозитория неоднозначный, может быть одним из):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "    Внешняя ветка:%s"
+msgstr[1] "    Внешние ветки:%s"
+msgstr[2] "    Внешние ветки:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1217 builtin/remote.c:1244
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (статус не запрошен)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1226
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Локальная ветка, настроенная для «git pull»:"
+msgstr[1] "  Локальные ветки, настроенные для «git pull»:"
+msgstr[2] "  Локальные ветки, настроенные для «git pull»:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1234
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr " Локальные ссылки, зеркалируемые с помощью «git push»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1241
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Локальная ссылка, настроенная для «git push»%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Локальные ссылки, настроенные для «git push»%s:"
+msgstr[2] "  Локальные ссылки, настроенные для «git push»%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1262
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "установить refs/remotes/<имя>/HEAD в зависимости от внешнего репозитория"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1264
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "удалить refs/remotes/<имя>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1279
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Не удалось определить внешний HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "Несколько внешних HEAD веток. Укажите явно одну из них:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось удалить %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Неправильная ссылка: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Не удалось настроить %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1319
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s будет висящей веткой!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s стала висящей веткой!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1330
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Удаление %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1331
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1354
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [будет удалена] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1357
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [удалена] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1402
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "почистить внешние репозитории после извлечения"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1468 builtin/remote.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Нет такого внешнего репозитория «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1488
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "добавить ветку"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "не указан внешний репозиторий"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1517
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "управление URL отправки"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1519
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "добавить URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "удалить URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1528
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add нельзя использовать одновременно с --delete"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Неправильный шаблон старого URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1576
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Не найдены совпадения URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1578
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Нельзя удалить все URL не-отправки"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1592
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "быть многословнее; должно стоять перед подкомандой"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<опции>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "упаковать всё в один пакет"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "тоже, что и -a, но дополнительно отбросить недостижимые объекты"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "удалите лишние пакеты и запустите git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "передать опцию --no-reuse-delta в git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "передать опцию --no-reuse-object в git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "не запускать git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "передать опцию --local в git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "запись индекса в битовых картах"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "примерная-дата"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "с опцией -A, не отбрасывать объекты старее, чем указано"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "размер окна, используемый для компрессии дельт"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "количество-байт"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "тоже, что и выше, но ограничить размер памяти, а не количество записей"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "ограничение на максимальную глубину дельт"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "максимальный размер каждого из файлов пакета"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "переупаковать объекты в пакеты, помеченные файлом .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "не удалось удалить «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <объект> <замена>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <объект>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <коммит> [<родитель>…]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <объект>…"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<формат>] [-l [<шаблон>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Недопустимое имя объекта: «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "плохая метка слияния в коммите «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "поврежденная метка слияния в коммите «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr "оригинальный коммит «%s» содержит метку слияния «%s», которая была отброшена; используйте --edit вместо --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "оригинальный коммит «%s» содержит подпись gpg."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "подпись будет удалена в замененном коммите!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось записать замену для коммита: «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "вывести список заменяемых ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "удаление заменяемых ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "изменение существующего объекта"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "изменение родителя коммита"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "замена ссылки, если она существует"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "не делать структурированный вывод содержимого для --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "использовать этот формат"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget <путь>… | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "записать чистые разрешения конфликтов в индекс"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<коммит>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <указатель-дерева> [--] <пути>…"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<указатель-дерева>] [--] [<пути>…]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "смешанный"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "мягкий"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "жесткий"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "слиянием"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "оставлением"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "У вас нет верного HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Не удалось найти дерево у HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Не удалось найти дерево у %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD сейчас на %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Нельзя выполнить сброс в режиме «%s» во время слияния."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "тихий режим, выводить только ошибки"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "сбросить HEAD и индекс"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "сбросить только HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "сбросить HEAD, индекс и рабочий каталог"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "сбросить HEAD, но оставить локальные изменения"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "записать только факт того, что удаленные пути будут добавлены позже"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Не удалось распознать «%s» как действительную редакцию."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:308 builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Не удалось разобрать объект «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Не удалось распознать «%s» как действительное дерево."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch нельзя использовать одновременно с --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr "использование опции --mixed с путями устарело; используйте «git reset -- <пути>» instead."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Нельзя выполнить сброс в режиме «%s» вместе с указанием пути."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "сброс «%s» разрешен только с голым репозиторием"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N можно использовать вместе с --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Непроиндексированные изменения после сброса:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Не удалось сбросить файл индекса на редакцию «%s»."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Не удалось записать новый файл индекса."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:361
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<опции>] -- [<аргументы>…]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:366
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "передавать далее «--» как аргумент"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "остановить разбор после первого аргумента не являющегося опцией"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:371
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "выводить аргументы в длинном формате"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<опции>] -- [<аргументы>…]\n   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<аргумент>…]\n   or: git rev-parse [<опции>] [<аргумент>…]\n\nЗапустите команду «git rev-parse --parseopt -h» для получения подробной информации о первом использовании."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<опции>] <указатель-коммита>…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <подкоманда>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<опции>] <указатель-коммита>…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <подкоманда>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s нельзя использовать одновременно с %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "конец последовательности отбора лучшего или возврата коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "продолжить последовательность отбора лучшего или возврата коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "отмена последовательности отбора лучшего или возврата коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "не коммитить автоматически"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "изменить сообщение коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "номер родителя"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "стратегия слияния"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "опция"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "опция для стратегии слияния"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "добавить имя коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "разрешить перемотку вперед"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "сохранить изначально пустые коммиты"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "разрешить коммиты с пустыми сообщениями"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "оставить избыточные, пустые коммиты"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "ошибка в программе"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "сбой возврата коммита"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "сбой при отборе лучшего"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<опции>] [--] <файл>…"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] "следующий подмодуль (или один из вложенных подмодулей)\nиспользует каталог .git:"
+msgstr[1] "следующие подмодули (или один из вложенных подмодулей)\nиспользуют каталог .git:"
+msgstr[2] "следующие подмодули (или один из вложенных подмодулей)\nиспользуют каталог .git:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "\n(используйте «rm -rf», если вы действительно хотите удалить его, включая всю его историю)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] "следующие файлы содержат проиндексированные изменения отличающиеся и от файла, и от HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] "следующие файлы содержат проиндексированные изменения отличающиеся и от файла, и от HEAD:"
+msgstr[2] "следующие файлы содержат проиндексированные изменения отличающиеся и от файла, и от HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr "\n(используйте опцию «-f» для принудительного удаления)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "следующие файлы содержат проиндексированные изменения в индексе:"
+msgstr[1] "следующие файлы содержат проиндексированные изменения в индексе:"
+msgstr[2] "следующие файлы содержат проиндексированные изменения в индексе:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr "\n(используйте опцию «--cached» для оставления файла, или «-f» для принудительного удаления)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "следующие файлы содержат локальные изменения:"
+msgstr[1] "следующие файлы содержат локальные изменения:"
+msgstr[2] "следующие файлы содержат локальные изменения:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "не выводить список удаленных файлов"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "удалить только из индекса"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "пропустить проверку актуальности"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "разрешить рекурсивное удаление"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "выход с нулевым кодом возврата, даже если ничего не найдено"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr "Пожалуйста, проиндексируйте ваши изменения в .gitmodules или спрячьте их, чтобы продолжить"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "не удаляю рекурсивно «%s» без указания опции -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: не удалось удалить %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<опции>] [<диапазон-редакций>] [[--] [<путь>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Пропущен автор: %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "отсортировать вывод по количеству коммитов у автора"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Не выводить описания коммитов, а только их количество"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Показать почту каждого из авторов"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Перенос строк на выводе"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr "git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n\t\t[--current] [--color[=<когда>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<редакция> | <шаблон>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:13
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<база>]] [--list] [<ссылка>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "показать список и отслеживаемых внешних и локальных веток"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "показать список отслеживаемых внешних веток"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "окрашивать «*!+-» в соответствии с веткой"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "показать <n> коммитов после общего предка"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "синоним для more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "не выводить именованые строки"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "включить в вывод текущую ветку"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "именовать коммиты их именами объектов"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "вывести возможные базы слияния"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "вывести ссылки, недоступные из любых других ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "вывести коммиты в топологическом порядке"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "вывести только коммиты, отсуцтвующие в первой ветке"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "вывести слияния, достижимые только из одной из верхушек"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "топологическая сортировка, с сохранением порядка дат, если возможно"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:681
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<база>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:682
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "показать <n> последних записей в журнале ссылок, начиная с базы"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | "
+"--hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr "git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<шаблон>…]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=шаблон] < ref-list"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "вывести только метки (можно использовать одновременно с --heads)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "вывести только головы (можно использовать одновременно с --tags)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "более строгая проверка ссылок, требует точный путь ссылки"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "вывести ссылку HEAD, даже если она будет отфильтрована"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "разыменовать метки в идентификаторы объектов"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "использовать <n> цифр для вывода SHA-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "не печатать результат на стандартный вывод (полезно с опцией «--verify»)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "вывести ссылки со стандартного ввода, которых нет в локальном репозитории"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<опции>] <имя> [<ссылка>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <имя>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "не выводить сообщения об ошибках для несимвольных (отсоединенных) ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "удалить символьные ссылки"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "укороченный вывод ссылок"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "причина"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "причина обновления"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr "git tag [-a | -s | -u <идентификатор-ключа>] [-f] [-m <сообщение> | -F <файл>] <имя-метки> [<редакция>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <имя-метки>…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr "git tag -l [-n[<количество>]] [--contains <коммит>] [--points-at <объект>]\n\t\t[<шаблон>…]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <имя-метки>…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "Поврежденный объект «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:301
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "слишком длинное имя метки: %.*s…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "метка  «%s» не найдена."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Метка «%s» удалена (была %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "не удалось проверить метку «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr "\nВведите сообщение для метки:\n  %s\nСтроки, начинающиеся с «%c» будут проигнорированы.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+msgstr "\nВведите сообщение для метки:\n  %s\nСтроки, начинающиеся с «%c» будут оставлены; вы можете удалить их вручную, если хотите.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+msgstr "неподдерживаемый способ сортировки «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+msgstr "неподдерживаемый способ сортировки «%s» в переменной «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:428
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "не удалось подписать метку"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:430
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "не удалось записать файл метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "неправильный тип объекта"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "заголовок метки слишком большой."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "нет описания метки?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:510
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Сообщение метки было оставлено в %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "при указании параметра «points-at» требуется указать объект"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "Поврежденное имя объекта «%s»"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:589
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "список названий меток"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:591
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "печатать <n> строк описания от каждой метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:593
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "удалить метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:594
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "проверить метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:596
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Настройки создания метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:598
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "для аннотированной метки нужно сообщение"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:600
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "описание метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:602
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "аннотированная и подписанная с помощью GPG метка"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:606
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "использовать другой ключ для подписания метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:607
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "замена метки, если она существует"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:609
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Настройки вывода списка меток"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:610
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "показать список меток по столбцам"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "sort tags"
+msgstr "отсортировать метки"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:617 builtin/tag.c:623
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "вывод только меток, которые содержат коммит"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:629
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "вывод только меток, определенного объекта"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:655
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column и -n нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:667
+msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--sort и -n нельзя использовать одновременно"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:674
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "опцию -n можно использовать только вместе с -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:676
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "опцию --contains можно использовать только вместе с -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:678
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "опцию --points-at можно использовать только вместе с -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:686
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "-F и -m нельзя использовать одновременно."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:706
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "передано слишком много параметров"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:712
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "«%s» не является допустимым именем метки."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "метка «%s» уже существует"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Метка «%s» обновлена (была %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:489
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Распаковка объектов"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:403
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<опции>] [--] [<файл>…]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "продолжить обновление, даже если индекс требует обновления"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "обновление: игнорировать подмодули"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "не игнорировать новые файлы"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "разрешить файлам заменять каталоги и наоборот"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "замечать файлы отсутствующие в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "обновить, даже если в индексе имеются не слитые записи"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "обновить информацию о статусе файлов"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "как --refresh, но игнорировать настройку assume-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<режим доступа>,<объект>,<путь>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "добавить указанную запись в индекс"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:786
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "переопределить бит выполнения на указанных файлах"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "пометить файлы как \"не измененные\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "убрать пометку assumed-unchanged"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "пометить файлы как \"только в индексе\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:799
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "убрать пометку skip-worktree"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:802
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "только добавить в индекс; не добавлять содержимое в базу данных объектов"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:804
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "удалить указанные пути, даже если они существуют в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:806
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "с опцией --stdin: строки на вводе отделяются НУЛЕВЫМ байтом"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:808
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "прочитать список обновляемых путей из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:812
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "добавить записи из стандатрного ввода в индекс"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:816
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "заново заполнить индекс #2 и #3 для указанных путей"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:820
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "обновить только записи, которые отличаются от HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:824
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "игнорировать файлы, отсутствующие в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:827
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "вывести выполняемые действия на стандартный вывод"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:829
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(для машинной обработки) забыть сохраненные неразрешенные конфликты"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:833
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "записать индекс в указанном формате"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:835
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "разрешить или запретить раздельный индекс"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<опции>] -d <имя-ссылки> [<старое-значение>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<опции>]    <имя-ссылки> <новое-значение> [<старое-значение>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<опции>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:359
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "удалить ссылку"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:361
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "обновить <имя-ссылки> а не то, на что она указывает"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "ввод отделенный НУЛЕВЫМИ символами"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "прочитать обновления из стандартного ввода"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "обновить информацию о серверах с нуля"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <коммит>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:75
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "вывести содержимое коммита"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <пакет>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "быть многословнее"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "вывести только статистику"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <метка>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "вывести содержимое метки"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<префикс>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<префикс>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "вывести объект дерева для подкаталога с <префикс>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "используется только при отладке"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:267
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "вывод отладочных сообщений на stderr"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr "«git help -а» и «git help -g» выводит список доступных подкоманд и\nнекоторые руководства по темам. Запустите «git help <команда>» или\n«git help <термин>», чтобы прочесть о конкретных подкоманде или теме."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Добавление содержимого файла в индекс"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Двоичный поиск изменения, которое вносит ошибку"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Вывод списка, создание или удаление веток"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "Переход на ветку или коммит по пути в рабочем каталоге"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Клонирование репозитория в новый каталог"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Запись изменений в репозиторий"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "Вывод разницы между коммитами, коммитом и рабочим каталогом и т.д."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Загрузка объектов и ссылок из другого репозитория"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Вывод строк, соответствующих шаблону"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Создание пустого репозитория Git или реинициализация существующего"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Вывод истории коммитов"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Объединение одной или нескольких историй разработки вместе"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Перемещение или переименование файла, каталога или символьной ссылки"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Извлечение изменений и объединение с другим репозиторием или локальной веткой"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Обновление внешних ссылок и связанных объектов"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr "Перемещение локальных коммитов над обновленной вышестоящей веткой"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Сброс текущего состояния HEAD на указанное состояние"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Удаление файлов из рабочего каталога и индекса"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Вывод различных типов объектов"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Вывод состояния рабочего каталога"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Создание, вывод списка, удаление или проверка метки, подписанной с помощью GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:143
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "дата-окончания"
+
+#: parse-options.h:158
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "ничего не делает (оставлено для обратной совместимости)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "быть многословнее"
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "тихий режим"
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "использовать <n> цифр для вывода SHA-1"
+
+#: rerere.h:27
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr "обновить индекс с помощью переиспользования разрешения конфликта, если возможно"
+
+#: git-am.sh:53
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "Сначала нужно указать вашу информацию о коммитере"
+
+#: git-am.sh:98
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr "Похоже, что вы переместили HEAD с момента последней ошибки выполнения «am».\nПеремотка на ORIG_HEAD не выполняется"
+
+#: git-am.sh:108
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr "Когда вы разрешите этот конфликт, запустите «$cmdline --continue».\nЕсли вы хотите пропустить этот патч, то запустите «$cmdline --skip».\nЧтобы перейти на оригинальную ветку и остановить применение изменений, запустите «$cmdline --abort»."
+
+#: git-am.sh:124
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "Не удалось откатиться к трехходовому слиянию."
+
+#: git-am.sh:140
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr "В репозитории отсутствуют двоичные объекты, необходимые для отката к трехходовому слиянию."
+
+#: git-am.sh:142
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "Использую индекс для реконструкции базового дерева…"
+
+#: git-am.sh:157
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr "Вы вручную изменяли патч?\nОн не накладывается без ошибок на двоичные объекты, записанные в его заголовке."
+
+#: git-am.sh:166
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Откат к применению изменений к базовому коммиту с помощью трехходового слияния…"
+
+#: git-am.sh:182
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Не удалось слить изменения."
+
+#: git-am.sh:277
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Только серия патчей StGIT может быть применена за раз"
+
+#: git-am.sh:364
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "Неподдерживаемый формат патча $patch_format."
+
+#: git-am.sh:366
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Сбой определения формата патча."
+
+#: git-am.sh:398
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr "Опция -b/--binary уже долгое время ничего не делает и будет удалена с следующих версиях Git. Пожалуйста, не используйте ее."
+
+#: git-am.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr "предыдущий каталог перемещения $dotest еще существует, но передан mbox."
+
+#: git-am.sh:501
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Пожалуйста, определитесь: --skip или --abort?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr "Найден забытый каталог $dotest.\nИспользуйте «git am --abort», чтобы удалить его."
+
+#: git-am.sh:545
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Операция разрешения конфликтов не в процессе выполнения, не продолжаем."
+
+#: git-am.sh:612
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr "Индекс не пустой: нельзя применять патчи (в индексе: $files)"
+
+#: git-am.sh:722
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr "Патч пуст. Возможно, он был неправильно разделен?\nЕсли вы хотите пропустить этот патч, то вместо этого запустите «$cmdline --skip».\nЧтобы перейти на оригинальную ветку и остановить применение изменений, запустите «$cmdline --abort»."
+
+#: git-am.sh:749
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "Патч не содержит действительный адрес электронной почты."
+
+#: git-am.sh:796
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr "не удалось использовать интерактивное поведение, без stdin подключенного к терминалу."
+
+#: git-am.sh:800
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Тело коммита:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:807
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr "Применить? [y] - да/[n] - нет/[e] - редактировать/[v] - просмотреть патч/[a] - применить все "
+
+#: git-am.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Применение: $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:864
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr "Нет изменений — возможно, вы забыли вызвать «git add»?\nЕсли ничего не осталось для индексации, то, скорее всего, что-то другое уже сделало те же изменения; возможно, вам следует пропустить этот патч."
+
+#: git-am.sh:872
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr "У вас все еще имеются не слитые пути в индексе.\nВозможно, вы забыли вызвать «git add»?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:888
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Нет изменений — Патч уже применен."
+
+#: git-am.sh:898
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Ошибка применения изменений на строке $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr "Копию изменений, которые не удалось применить, вы можете найти в:\n   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:919
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "применение к пустой истории"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Вам нужно начать с помощью «git bisect start»"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Вы уверены, что хотите, чтобы я сделал это [Y - да/n - нет]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "неопознанная опция: «$arg»"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "«$arg» не похоже на действительную редакцию"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Плохой указатель HEAD — Необходим указатель HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr "Сбой перехода на «$start_head». Попробуйте выполнить «git bisect reset <существующая-ветка>»."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "нельзя выполнить двоичный поиск на дереве после cg-seek"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Плохой указатель HEAD — странная символьная ссылка"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Плохой аргумент bisect_write: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Плохой ввод номера редакции: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Пожалуйста, вызывайте «bisect_state» как минимум с одним аргументом."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Плохой ввод номера редакции: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:253
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "«git bisect bad» может принимать только один аргумент."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:276
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "Предупреждение: попытка двоичного поиска с указанием только плохого коммита."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:282
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Вы уверены [Y - да/n - нет]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr "Вам нужно передать мне как минимум одну хорошую и одну плохую редакцию.\n(Для этого вы можете использовать команды «git bisect bad» и «git bisect good».)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:295
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr "Для начала нужно запустить «git bisect start».\nПосле этого, вам нужно передать мне как минимум одну хорошую и одну плохую редакцию.\n(Для этого вы можете использовать команды «git bisect bad» и «git bisect good».)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:366 git-bisect.sh:493
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Вы сейчас не в процессе бинарного поиска."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:373
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "«$invalid» не является действительным коммитом"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:382
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr "Не удалось перейти на оригинальную ветку HEAD «$branch».\nПопробуйте запустить «git bisect reset <коммит>»."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:409
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Не передан файл журнала"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:410
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "не удалось прочитать $file для повтора изменений"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? вы о чем?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:439
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "запускаю $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:446
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить двоичный поиск:\nкод завершения $res от «$command» оказался < 0 или >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:472
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "bisect run больше не может продолжать"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:478
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr "не удалось выполнить двоичный поиск:\n«bisect_state $state» завершился с кодом ошибки $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:485
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "bisect run выполнен успешно"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr "Невозможно выполнить получение, так как у вас имеются не слитые файлы.\nИсправьте их в рабочем каталоге, затем запустите «git add/rm <файл>»,\nчтобы пометить исправление и сделайте коммит."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr "Невозможно выполнить получение, так как у вас имеются не слитые файлы."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr "Вы не завершили слияние (присутствует файл MERGE_HEAD).\nВыполните коммит ваших изменений, перед слиянием."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:245
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr "обновление еще не начавшейся ветки с изменениями, добавленными в индекс"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:269
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr "Предупреждение: извлечение обновило голову вашей текущей ветки.\nПредупреждение: перемотка вашего рабочего каталога\nПредупреждение: с коммита $orig_head."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:294
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "Нельзя слить несколько веток в пустую указатель на коммит"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:298
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "Невозможно переместить над несколькими ветками"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort\"."
+msgstr "Когда вы разрешите этот конфликт, запустите «git rebase --continue».\nЕсли вы хотите пропустить этот патч, то запустите «git rebase --skip».\nЧтобы перейти на оригинальную ветку и остановить перемещение, запустите «git rebase --abort»."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Применено автоматическое прятанье."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Не удалось сохранить $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:169
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr "Применение автоматического прятанья вызвало конфликты.\nВаши изменения спрятаны и в безопасности.\nВы можете выполнить «git stash pop» или «git stash drop» в любой момент.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:208
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Перехватчик пре-перемещения отказал в перемещении."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:213
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Похоже, git-am выполняется. Перемещение невозможно."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:351
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "Опция --exec должна использоваться вместе с опцией --interactive"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:356
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Нет перемещения в процессе?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:367
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "Действие --edit-todo может использоваться только при интерактивном перемещении."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:374
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Не удалось прочитать HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:377
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr "Вы должны отредактировать все\nконфликты слияния, а потом пометить\nих как разрешенные с помощью git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Не удалось перейти назад на $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:414
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr "Похоже, каталог $state_dir_base уже существует и я предполагаю, что вы в процессе другого перемещения.  Если это так, попробуйте\n\t$cmd_live_rebase\nЕсли нет\n\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\nи запустите меня снова.  Я останавливаюсь, чтобы вы не потеряли что-то важное."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "недействительная вышестоящая ветка $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: имеется больше одной базы слияния"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:492 git-rebase.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: нет базы слияния"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Не указаывает на действительный коммит: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "критическая ошибка: нет такой ветки: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Не удалось выполнить автоматическое прятанье"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Изменения автоматически спрятаны: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:566
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Сделайте коммит или спрячьте их."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:586
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Текущая ветка $branch_name уже свежая."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:590
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "Текущая ветка $branch_name уже свежая, принудительное перемещение."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:601
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Изменения от $mb до $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:610
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr "Сначала перематываем указатель текущего коммита, чтобы применить ваши изменения поверх него…"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:620
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "Перемотана вперед $branch_name до $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "git stash очистка с параметрами не реализована"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "У вас еще нет начального коммита"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Не удалось сохранить текущее состояние индекса"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Не удалось сохранить текущее состояние рабочего каталога"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Изменения не выбраны"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Не удалось удалить временный индекс (не должно случаться)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Не удалось записать состояние рабочего каталога"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:191
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Не удалось обновить $ref_stash с помощью $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:238
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr "ошибка: неизвестная опция для «stash save»: $option\n        Для предоставления сообщения, используйте git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:259
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Нет локальных изменений для сохранения"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:263
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Не удалось инициализировать спрятанные изменения"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:267
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Не удалось сохранить текущий статус"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:285
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Не удалось удалить изменения рабочего каталога"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:384
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Не найдены спрятанные изменения."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:391
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Передано слишком много редакций: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:397
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference не является действительной ссылкой"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:425
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "«$args» не похоже на коммит со спрятанными изменениями"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:436
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "«$args» не является ссылкой на спрятанные изменения"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:444
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "не удалось обновить индекс"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:448
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Нельзя применить спрятанные изменения во время выполнения слияния"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Конфликты в индексе. Попробуйте без --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:458
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Не удалось сохранить дерево индекса"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Невозможно убрать из индекса измененные файлы"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:507
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Индекс не был достат из спрятанных изменений."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:530
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Отброшено ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Не удалось отбросить запись из спрятанных изменений"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:539
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Не указано имя ветки"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:611
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Чтобы восстановить их, наберите «git stash apply»)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "не удалось отрезать один компонент адреса «$remoteurl»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Не найдено соответствие подмодулей в .gitmodules для пути «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:287
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "Не удалось клонировать «$url» в подмодуль по пути «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:296
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr "Каталог Git «$a» является частью пути подмодуля «$b» или наоборот"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "Относительный путь можно использовать только находясь на вершине рабочего каталога"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:416
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "URL репозитория: «$repo» должен быть абсолютным или начинаться с ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:433
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "«$sm_path» уже содержится в индексе"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr "Следующие пути игнорируются одним из ваших файлов .gitignore:\n$sm_path\nИспользуйте опцию -f, если вы действительно хотите его добавить."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:455
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Добавляю существующий репозиторий из «$sm_path» в индекс"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:457
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "«$sm_path» уже существует и не является действительным репозиторием git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "Каталог git для «$sm_name» найден локально на внешних репозиториях:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "Если вы хотите переиспользовать локальный каталог git вместо повторного клонирования из"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ", то используйте опцию «--force». Если локальный каталог git не является действительным репозиторием"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr "или если вы не поняли, что это значит, то просто используйте другое имя с помощью опции «--name»."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:472
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Восстановление локального каталога git для подмодуля «$sm_name»."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Не удалось перейти на состояние у подмодуля «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Сбой добавления подмодуля «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:498
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Не удалось зарегистрировать подмодуль «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:542
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Заходим в «$prefix$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "Останавливаемся на «$prefix$displaypath»; сценарий вернул не нулевой код возврата."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:608
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "Адрес для пути подмодуля «$displaypath» не найден в .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Сбой регистрации адресе для пути подмодуля «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль «$name» ($url) зарегистрирован для пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Сбой регистрации режима обновления для пути подмодуля «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Используйте «.», если вы действительно хотите деинициализировать все подмодули"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "Рабочий каталог подмодуля «$displaypath» содержит каталог .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "(используйте «rm -rf», если вы действительно хотите удалить его, включая всю его историю)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to"
+" discard them"
+msgstr "Рабочий каталог подмодуля «$displaypath» содержит локальные изменения; используйте «-f», чтобы отменить их"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:701
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Очищен каталог «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:702
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Не удалось удалить рабочий каталог подмодуля «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:705
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Не удалось создать пустой каталог подмодуля «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:714
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль «$name» ($url) был снят с регистрации по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:830
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr "Подмодуль по пути «$displaypath» не инициализирован\nВозможно, вам нужно использовать «update --init»?"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Не удалось найти текущую редакцию для подмодуля по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:852
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Не удалось выполнить извлечение для подмодуля по пути «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:876
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Не удалось выполнить извлечение для подмодуля по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Не удалось выполнить переход на состояние «$sha1» для подмодуля по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:891
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль по пути «$displaypath»: забрано состояние «$sha1»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:895
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Не удалось переместить «$sha1» для подмодуля по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:896
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль по пути «$displaypath»: перемещен над «$sha1»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Не удалось выполнить слияние с «$sha1» для подмодуля по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:902
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль по пути «$displaypath»: слито с «$sha1»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:907
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Сбой выполнения «$command $sha1» для подмодуля по пути «$prefix$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:908
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Подмодуль по пути «$prefix$sm_path»: «$command $sha1»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:938
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Не удалось выполнить рекурсивно для подмодуля по пути «$displaypath»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1046
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "Опцию --cached нельзя использовать одновременно с опцией --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1098
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "неизвестный режим $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1118
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Предупреждение: $display_name не содержит коммит $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1121
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Предупреждение: $display_name не содержит коммит $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Предупреждение: $display_name не содержит коммиты $sha1_src и $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1149
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "двоичный объект"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1267
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Не удалось выполнить рекурсивно для подмодуля по пути «$sm_path»"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1331
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Синхронизация url для подмодуля «$displaypath»"
diff --git a/po/sv.po b/po/sv.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4b70d60ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/sv.po
@@ -0,0 +1,11520 @@
+# Swedish translations for Git.
+# Copyright (C) 2010-2015 Peter krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
+# Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git 2.4.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-04-03 08:13+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-04-07 08:44+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Peter Krefting <peter@softwolves.pp.se>\n"
+"Language-Team: Swedish <tp-sv@listor.tp-sv.se>\n"
+"Language: sv\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Generator: Gtranslator 2.91.6\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "tips: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Rätta dem i din arbetskatalog och använd sedan \"git add/rm <fil>\"\n"
+"som lämpligt för att ange lösning och checka in."
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<flaggor>] <träd-igt> [<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <arkiv> [--exec <kmd>] [<flaggor>] <träd-igt> "
+"[<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <arkiv> [--exec <kmd>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:342 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:427 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" motsvarade inte några filer"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "fmt"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "arkivformat"
+
+#: archive.c:428 builtin/log.c:1204
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "prefix"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "lägg till prefix till varje sökväg i arkivet"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2516
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517 builtin/config.c:57 builtin/fast-export.c:986
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988 builtin/grep.c:712 builtin/hash-object.c:101
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446 builtin/ls-files.c:449 builtin/notes.c:394
+#: builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "fil"
+
+#: archive.c:431 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "skriv arkivet till filen"
+
+#: archive.c:433
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "läs .gitattributes i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: archive.c:434
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "rapportera arkiverade filer på standard fel"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "endast spara"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "komprimera snabbare"
+
+#: archive.c:444
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "komprimera bättre"
+
+#: archive.c:447
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "visa understödda arkivformat"
+
+#: archive.c:449 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "arkiv"
+
+#: archive.c:450 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "hämta arkivet från fjärrarkivet <arkiv>"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:478
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "kommando"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "sökväg till kommandot git-upload-archive på fjärren"
+
+#: attr.c:264
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Negativa mönster ignoreras i git-attribut\n"
+"Använd '\\!' för att inleda med ett utropstecken."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Ställer inte in grenen %s som sin egen uppströmsgren."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärrgrenen %s från %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärrgrenen %s från %s."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala grenen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala grenen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärreferensen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra fjärreferensen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala referensen %s genom ombasering."
+
+#: branch.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Grenen %s ställdes in att spåra den lokala referensen %s."
+
+#: branch.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Spårar inte: tvetydig information för referensen %s"
+
+#: branch.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt grennamn."
+
+#: branch.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Det finns redan en gren som heter \"%s\""
+
+#: branch.c:175
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Kan inte tvinga uppdatering av aktuell gren."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "Kan inte ställa in spårning; startpunkten \"%s\" är inte en gren."
+
+#: branch.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "den efterfrågade uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" finns inte"
+
+#: branch.c:199
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Om du har tänkt basera ditt arbete på en uppströmsgren\n"
+"som redan finns på fjärren kan du behöva köra \"git fetch\"\n"
+"för att hämta den.\n"
+"\n"
+"Om du har tänkt sända in en ny lokal gren som skall\n"
+"spåra dess fjärrmotsvarighet kan du använda \"git push -u\"\n"
+"för att ställa in uppströmskonfigurationen när du sänder in."
+
+#: branch.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: \"%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är tvetydigt: \"%s\"."
+
+#: branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Avgreningspunkten är inte giltig: \"%s\""
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' ser inte ut som en v2-bundle-fil"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "okänt huvud: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\""
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Arkivet saknar dessa nödvändiga incheckningar:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 sequencer.c:650 sequencer.c:1105 builtin/blame.c:2705
+#: builtin/branch.c:659 builtin/commit.c:1045 builtin/log.c:330
+#: builtin/log.c:823 builtin/log.c:1432 builtin/log.c:1669 builtin/merge.c:358
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa revisionstraversering"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) innehåller denna referens:"
+msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) innehåller dessa %d referenser:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Paketet (bundlen) beskriver en komplett historik."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver denna referens:"
+msgstr[1] "Paketet (bundlen) kräver dessa %d referenser:"
+
+#: bundle.c:251
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Kunde inte starta pack-objects"
+
+#: bundle.c:269
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "pack-objects misslyckades"
+
+#: bundle.c:309
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list dog"
+
+#: bundle.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "referensen \"%s\" exkluderas av argumenten till rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:437 builtin/log.c:153 builtin/log.c:1342 builtin/shortlog.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "okänt argument: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:443
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Vägrar skapa ett tomt paket (bundle)."
+
+#: bundle.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa \"%s\""
+
+#: bundle.c:474
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "index-pack dog"
+
+#: color.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "felaktigt färgvärde: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s är inte en incheckning!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "minnet slut"
+
+#: config.c:474 config.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config file line %d in %s"
+msgstr "felaktig konfigurationsfil rad %d i %s"
+
+#: config.c:592
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s"
+msgstr "felaktigt numeriskt konfigurationsvärde \"%s\" för \"%s\" i %s: %s"
+
+#: config.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "felaktigt numeriskt konfigurationsvärde \"%s\" för \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: config.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades expandera användarkatalog i: \"%s\""
+
+#: config.c:757 config.c:768
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "felaktigt zlib-komprimeringsgrad %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "felaktigt läge för skapande av objekt: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1216
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "kan inte tolka kommandoradskonfiguration"
+
+#: config.c:1277
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "okänt fel uppstod vid läsning av konfigurationsfilerna"
+
+#: config.c:1601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka värdet \"%s\" från kommandoradskonfiguration"
+
+#: config.c:1603
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "felaktig konfigurationsvariabel \"%s\" i filen \"%s\" på rad %d"
+
+#: config.c:1662
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s har flera värden"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte köra \"git rev-list\""
+
+#: connected.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva till rev-list: %s"
+
+#: connected.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte stänga rev-list:s standard in: %s"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "i framtiden"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu sekund sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu sekunder sedan"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu minut sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu minuter sedan"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu timme sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu timmar sedan"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu dag sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu dagar sedan"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu vecka sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu veckor sedan"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu månad sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu månader sedan"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu år"
+msgstr[1] "%lu år"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s, %lu månad sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%s, %lu månader sedan"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu år sedan"
+msgstr[1] "%lu år sedan"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa orderfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:536
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Utför onöjaktig namnbytesdetektering"
+
+#: diff.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Misslyckades tolka dirstat-avskärningsprocentandel \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: diff.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Okänd dirstat-parameter \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: diff.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Okänt värde för konfigurationsvariabeln \"diff.submodule\": \"%s\""
+
+#: diff.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Hittade fel i konfigurationsvariabeln \"diff.dirstat\":\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:2956
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "extern diff dog, stannar vid %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3351
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow kräver exakt en sökvägsangivelse"
+
+#: diff.c:3514
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades tolka argument till flaggan --dirstat/-X;\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades tolka argument till flaggan --submodule: \"%s\""
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:129 gpg-interface.c:200
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "kunde inte köra gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:141
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg godtog inte data"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:152
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg misslyckades signera data"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa temporära filen \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades skriva fristående signatur till \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kunde inte läsa %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "\"%s\": %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr "\"%s\": kort läsning %s"
+
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "git-kommandon tillgängliga i \"%s\""
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "git-kommandon från andra platser i din $PATH"
+
+#: help.c:230
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "De mest använda git-kommandona är:"
+
+#: help.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"\"%s\" verkar vara ett git-kommando, men vi kan inte\n"
+"köra det. Kanske git-%s är trasigt?"
+
+#: help.c:346
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Oj då. Ditt system rapporterar inga Git-kommandon alls."
+
+#: help.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"VARNING: Du anropade ett Git-kommando vid namn \"%s\", som inte finns.\n"
+"Fortsätter under förutsättningen att du menade \"%s\""
+
+#: help.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "automatiskt om %0.1f sekunder..."
+
+#: help.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: \"%s\" är inte ett git-kommando. Se \"git --help\"."
+
+#: help.c:384 help.c:444
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Menade du detta?"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"Menade du ett av dessa?"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:283
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+msgstr "FEL: återöppna en låsfil som fortfarande är öppen"
+
+#: lockfile.c:285
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+msgstr "FEL: återöppna en låsfil som har överlämnats"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "misslyckades läsa cachen"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/checkout.c:374 builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/clone.c:662
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(felaktig incheckning)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "fel vid byggande av träd"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:688
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa sökvägen \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s för att göra plats för underkatalog\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:713 merge-recursive.c:734
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": kanske en K/F-konflikt?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "vägrar förlora ospårad fil vid \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa objektet %s: \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "blob förväntades för %s \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:789 builtin/clone.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades öppna \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa symboliska länken \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:800
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "vet inte hur %06o %s \"%s\" skall hanteras"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:938
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Misslyckades exekvera intern sammanslagning"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till %s till databasen"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:958
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "objekttyp som ej stöds upptäcktes i trädet"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1033 merge-recursive.c:1047
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/radera): %s raderad i %s och %s i %s. Versionen %s av %s lämnad "
+"i trädet."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1039 merge-recursive.c:1052
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s/radera): %s raderad i %s och %s i %s. Versionen %s av %s lämnad "
+"i trädet vid %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "namnbyte"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "namnbytt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s är en katalog i %s lägger till som %s istället"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (namnbyte/namnbyte): Namnbyte \"%s\"->\"%s\" på grenen \"%s\" "
+"namnbyte \"%s\"->\"%s\" i \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1176
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (lämnad olöst)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1230
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (namnbyte/namnbyte): Namnbyte %s->%s i %s. Namnbyte %s->%s i %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Byter namn på %s till %s och %s till %s istället"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1459
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (namnbyte/tillägg): Namnbyte %s->%s i %s. %s tillagd i %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Lägger till sammanslagen %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1474 merge-recursive.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Lägger till som %s istället"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1525
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa objektet %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1528
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "objektet %s är inte en blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "ändra"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "ändrad"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1586
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "innehåll"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1593
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "tillägg/tillägg"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1627
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "Hoppade över %s (sammanslagen samma som befintlig)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1641
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Slår ihop %s automatiskt"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1645 git-submodule.sh:1150
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "undermodul"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "KONFLIKT (%s): Sammanslagningskonflikt i %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1732
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1757
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "fil/katalog"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1763
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "katalog/fil"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"KONFLIKT (%s): Det finns en katalog med namnet %s i %s. Lägger till %s som %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1778
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Lägger till %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1795
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Ödesdigert sammanslagningsfel, borde inte inträffa."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1814
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Redan à jour!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1823
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "sammanslagning av träden %s och %s misslyckades"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Obehandlad sökväg??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1901
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Slår ihop:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1914
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "hittade %u gemensam förfader:"
+msgstr[1] "hittade %u gemensamma förfäder:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1951
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "sammanslagningen returnerade ingen incheckning"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2008
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka objektet \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2019 builtin/merge.c:667
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva indexet."
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka in oinitierat/orefererat anteckningsträd"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde för notes.rewriteMode: '%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Vägrar skriva över anteckningar i %s (utanför refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde på %s: \"%s\""
+
+#: object.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka objektet: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:546
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "användning: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "     eller: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:605
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-TAL"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"de globala sökvägsinställningarna \"glob\" och \"noglob\" är inkompatibla"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"den globala sökvägsinställningen \"literal\" är inkompatibel med alla andra "
+"globala sökvägsinställningar"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "ogiltig parameter för sökvägsuttrycket för \"prefix\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "felaktigt sökvägsuttryck \"%.*s\" i \"%s\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "\")\" saknas i slutet av sökvägsuttrycket för \"%s\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Tecknet \"%c\" i sökvägsuttrycket i \"%s\" har inte implementerats"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: \"literal\" och \"glob\" är inkompatibla"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: \"%s\" är utanför arkivet"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" är i undermodulen \"%.*s\""
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: sökvägsuttrycket hanteras inte av det här kommandot: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:432
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "sökvägsangivelsen \"%s\" är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
+
+#: pathspec.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ingenting att exkludera från med :(exkludera)-mönster.\n"
+"Glömde du kanske att antingen lägga till \":/\" eller \".\"?"
+
+#: pretty.c:968
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka format för --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:225
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "klart"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"index.version satt, men värdet är ogiltigt.\n"
+"Använder version %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1285
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION satt, men värdet är ogiltigt.\n"
+"Använder version %i"
+
+#: remote.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta både %s och %s till %s"
+
+#: remote.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s spårar vanligtvis %s, inte %s"
+
+#: remote.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s spårar både %s och %s"
+
+#: remote.c:798
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Internt fel"
+
+#: remote.c:1980
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "Din gren är baserad på \"%s\", men den har försvunnit uppströms.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1984
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git branch --unset-upstream\" för att rätta)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1987
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Din gren är à jour med \"%s\".\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1991
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Din gren ligger före \"%s\" med %d incheckning.\n"
+msgstr[1] "Din gren ligger före \"%s\" med %d incheckningar.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1997
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git push\" för att publicera dina lokala incheckningar)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Din gren ligger efter \"%s\" med %d incheckning, och kan snabbspolas.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Din gren ligger efter \"%s\" med %d incheckningar, och kan snabbspolas.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2008
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git pull\" för att uppdatera din lokala gren)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Din gren och \"%s\" har divergerat,\n"
+"och har %d respektive %d olika incheckning.\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Din gren och \"%s\" har divergerat,\n"
+"och har %d respektive %d olika incheckningar.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2021
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git pull\" för att slå ihop fjärrgrenen med din egen)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2348
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent är inkompatibelt med --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:83
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades öppna /dev/null"
+
+#: run-command.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) misslyckades"
+
+#: send-pack.c:272
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "misslyckades underteckna push-certifikatet"
+
+#: send-pack.c:356
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "mottagarsidan stöder inte push med --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:366
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "mottagarsidan stöder inte push med --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:172 builtin/merge.c:782 builtin/merge.c:893 builtin/merge.c:995
+#: builtin/merge.c:1005
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174 builtin/merge.c:344 builtin/merge.c:785 builtin/merge.c:997
+#: builtin/merge.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva till \"%s\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:195
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"efter att ha löst konflikterna, markera de rättade sökvägarna\n"
+"med \"git add <sökvägar>\" eller \"git rm <sökvägar>\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:198
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"efter att ha löst konflikterna, markera de rättade sökvägarna\n"
+"med \"git add <sökvägar>\" eller \"git rm <sökvägar>\"\n"
+"och checka in resultatet med \"git commit\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:211 sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva till %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Fel vid ombrytning av %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:229
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Dina lokala ändringar skulle skrivas över av \"cherry-pick\"."
+
+#: sequencer.c:231
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Dina lokala ändringar skulle skrivas över av \"revert\"."
+
+#: sequencer.c:234
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Checka in dina ändringar eller använd \"stash\" för att fortsätta."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
+
+#: sequencer.c:339
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte bestämma HEAD:s incheckning\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:359
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera cacheträd\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka incheckningen %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka föräldraincheckningen %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:482
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Din indexfil har inte slagits ihop."
+
+#: sequencer.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Incheckning %s är en sammanslagning, men flaggan -m angavs inte."
+
+#: sequencer.c:509
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Incheckning %s har inte förälder %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr "Huvudlinje angavs, men incheckningen %s är inte en sammanslagning"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: kan inte tolka föräldraincheckningen %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta incheckningsmeddelande för %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:616
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte ångra %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:617
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tillämpa %s... %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:653
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "den angivna uppsättningen incheckningar är tom"
+
+#: sequencer.c:661
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: misslyckades läsa indexet"
+
+#: sequencer.c:665
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: misslyckades uppdatera indexet"
+
+#: sequencer.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "kan inte %s under en %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Kan inte tolka rad %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Inga incheckningar lästes."
+
+#: sequencer.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte öppna %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Oanvändbart manus: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:806
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktig nyckel: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktigt värde för %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Trasigt manus: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:842
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "en \"cherry-pick\" eller \"revert\" pågår redan"
+
+#: sequencer.c:843
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "testa \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa \"sequencer\"-katalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:863 sequencer.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Fel vid ombrytning av %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:882 sequencer.c:1018
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "ingen \"cherry-pick\" eller \"revert\" pågår"
+
+#: sequencer.c:884
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "kan inte bestämma HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:886
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "kan inte avbryta från en gren som ännu inte är född"
+
+#: sequencer.c:908 builtin/apply.c:4288
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:912
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "oväntat filslut"
+
+#: sequencer.c:918
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "sparad HEAD-fil från före \"cherry-pick\", \"%s\", är trasig"
+
+#: sequencer.c:941
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Kunde inte formatera %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: kan inte göra \"cherry-pick\" på typen \"%s\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: felaktig revision"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1123
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Kan inte ångra som första incheckning"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1124
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Kan inte göra \"cherry-pick\" i ett tomt huvud"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git skapar normalt aldrig referenser som slutar med 40 hexadecimala\n"
+"tecken, då detta ignoreras när du anger 40-hex enbart. Dessa\n"
+"referenser kan skapas av misstag. Till exempel, för\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"där \"$br\" på något sätt blivit tomt och en 40-hex-referens skapats.\n"
+"Undersök referenserna och ta kanske bort dem. Stäng av meddelandet\n"
+"genom att köra \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1068
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD pekar inte på en gren"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Okänd gren: \"%s\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1073
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Ingen standarduppström angiven för grenen \"%s\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "Uppströmsgrenen \"%s\" är inte lagrad som en fjärrspårande gren"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte ändra .gitmodules-fil som inte slagits ihop, lös "
+"sammanslagningskonflikter först"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Hittade inte någon sektion i .gitmodules där sökväg=%s"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte uppdatera .gitmodules-posten %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort .gitmodules-posten för %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades köa uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#: submodule.c:1109 builtin/init-db.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa gitlänk %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:1120
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte sätta core.worktree i %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:491 trailer.c:495 trailer.c:499 trailer.c:553 trailer.c:557
+#: trailer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt värde \"%s\" för nyckeln \"%s\""
+
+#: trailer.c:543 trailer.c:548 builtin/remote.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "mer än en %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:581
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "tom släpradssymbol i släpraden \"%.*s\""
+
+#: trailer.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa indatafilen \"%s\""
+
+#: trailer.c:704
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa från standard in"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:202
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Checkar ut filer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "ogiltig URL-schemanamn eller saknat \"://\"-suffix"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "ogiltig %XX-teckensekvens"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "värd saknas och schemat är inte \"file:\""
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "en \"file:\"-URL kan inte innehålla portnummer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "ogiltiga tecken i värdnamnet"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "felaktigt portnummer"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "felaktigt \"..\"-sökvägssegment"
+
+#: wrapper.c:523
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "kan inte komma åt \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte komma åt \"%s\""
+
+#: wrapper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "kan inte slå upp aktuell användare i passwd-filen: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:556
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "okänd användare"
+
+#: wrapper.c:564
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "kan inte hämta aktuell arbetskatalog"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Ej sammanslagna sökvägar:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git reset %s <fil>...\" för att ta bort från kö)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rm --cached <fil>...\" för att ta bort från kö)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git add <fil>...\" för att ange lösning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git add/rm <fil>...\" som lämpligt för att ange lösning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rm <fil>...\" för att ange lösning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:878
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Ändringar att checka in:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:887
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Ändringar ej i incheckningskön:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git add <fil>...\" för att uppdatera vad som skall checkas in)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git add/rm <fil>...\" för att uppdatera vad som skall checkas in)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git checkout -- <fil>...\" för att förkasta ändringar i "
+"arbetskatalogen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (checka in eller förkasta ospårat eller ändrat innehåll i undermoduler)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git %s <fil>...\" för att ta med i det som skall checkas in)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "borttaget av bägge:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "tillagt av oss:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "borttaget av dem:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "tillagt av dem:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "borttaget av oss:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "tillagt av bägge:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "ändrat av bägge:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "programfel: ej hanterad \"unmerged\"-status %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "ny fil:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "kopierad:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "borttagen:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "ändrad:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "namnbytt:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "typbyte:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "okänd:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "osammanslagen:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "nya incheckningar, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "ändrat innehåll, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "ospårat innehåll, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "programfel: diff-status %c ej hanterad"
+
+#: wt-status.c:753
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Undermoduler ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Undermodulers ändringar att checka in:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:835
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"Rör inte raden ovan.\n"
+"Allt nedan kommer tas bort."
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Du har ej sammanslagna sökvägar."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Alla konflikter har rättats men du är fortfarande i en sammanslagning."
+
+#: wt-status.c:955
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git commit\" för att slutföra sammanslagningen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:965
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Du är i mitten av en körning av \"git am\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:968
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Aktuell patch är tom."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:974
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git am --skip\" för att hoppa över patchen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git am --abort\" för att återställa ursprungsgrenen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1036 wt-status.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Du håller på att ombasera grenen \"%s\" ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1041 wt-status.c:1058
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en ombasering."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1044
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1046
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --skip\" för att hoppa över patchen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1048
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --abort\" för att checka ut ursprungsgrenen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1061
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1065
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Du håller på att dela upp en incheckning medan du ombaserar grenen \"%s\" "
+"ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1070
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Du håller på att dela upp en incheckning i en ombasering."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1073
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (Så fort din arbetskatalog är ren, kör \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Du håller på att redigera en incheckning medan du ombaserar grenen \"%s\" "
+"ovanpå \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1082
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Du håller på att redigera en incheckning under en ombasering."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1085
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git commit --amend\" för att lägga till på aktuell incheckning)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1087
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git rebase --continue\" när du är nöjd med dina ändringar)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"cherry-pick\" av incheckningen %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1102
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1107
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git cherry-pick --abort\" för att avbryta \"cherry-pick\"-"
+"operationen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1116
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Du håller på med att ångra incheckningen %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1121
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (alla konflikter rättade: kör \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1126
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (använd \"git revert --abort\" för att avbryta ångrandet)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"bisect\", startad från grenen \"%s\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1141
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Du håller på med en \"bisect\"."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1144
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (använd \"git bisect reset\" för att komma tillbaka till ursprungsgrenen)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1321
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "På grenen "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1328
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "ombasering pågår; ovanpå"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1333
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD frånkopplad vid "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1335
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD frånkopplad från "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1338
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Inte på någon gren för närvarande."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1355
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Första incheckning"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1369
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Ospårade filer"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1371
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Ignorerade filer"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Det tog %.2f sekunder att räkna upp ospårade filer. \"status -uno\"\n"
+"kan gå snabbare, men du måste vara försiktig så du inte glömmer\n"
+"lägga till nya filer själv (se \"git help status\")."
+
+# %s är nästa sträng eller tom.
+#: wt-status.c:1381
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Ospårade filer visas ej%s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1383
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (använd flaggan -u för att visa ospårade filer)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1389
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Inga ändringar"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1394
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"inga ändringar att checka in (använd \"git add\" och/eller \"git commit -a"
+"\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1397
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "inga ändringar att checka in\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns (spåra med \"git add"
+"\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1403
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "inget köat för incheckning, men ospårade filer finns\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in (skapa/kopiera filer och spåra med \"git add\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1409 wt-status.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1412
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in (använd -u för att visa ospårade filer)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "inget att checka in, arbetskatalogen ren\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1525
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (ingen gren)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1531
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Första incheckning på "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1563
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "försvunnen"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1565 wt-status.c:1573
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "efter "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort länken \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<flaggor>] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "diff-status %c förväntades inte"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:277
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades uppdatera filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "ta bort \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr "Ospårade ändringar efter att ha uppdaterat indexet:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:785
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för skrivning"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva patch"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta status på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:216
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Tom patch. Avbryter."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tillämpa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/add.c:231
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr "Följande sökvägar ignoreras av en av dina .gitignore-filer:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:248 builtin/clean.c:876 builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/mv.c:110
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/push.c:508 builtin/remote.c:1372
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "testkörning"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/apply.c:4577 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1322 builtin/count-objects.c:63 builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:1617 builtin/mv.c:109 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "var pratsam"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:251
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "plocka interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:1126 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "välj stycken interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "redigera aktuell diff och applicera"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "tillåt lägga till annars ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "uppdatera spårade filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "registrera endast att sökvägen kommer läggas till senare"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "lägg till ändringar från alla spårade och ospårade filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:260
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "ignorera sökvägar borttagna i arbetskatalogen (samma som --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:262
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "lägg inte till, uppdatera endast indexet"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "hoppa bara över filer som inte kan läggas till på grund av fel"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "se om - även saknade - filer ignoreras i testkörning"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Använd -f om du verkligen vill lägga till dem.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:293
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades lägga till filer"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:329
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A och -u är ömsesidigt inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:336
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "Flaggan --ignore-missing kan endast användas tillsammans med --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Inget angivet, inget tillagt.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Kanske menade du att skriva \"git add .\"?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:363 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:920
+#: builtin/commit.c:335 builtin/mv.c:130 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:299
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "indexfilen trasig"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:446 builtin/apply.c:4675 builtin/mv.c:279 builtin/rm.c:431
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<flaggor>] [<patch>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt alternativ för whitespace: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt alternativ för ignore-whitespace: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:822
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "Kan inte förbereda reguljärt uttryck för tidsstämpeln %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:831
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec returnerade %d för indata: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "kan inte hitta filnamn i patchen på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - förväntade /dev/null, fick %s på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - motsägande nytt filnamn på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - motsägande gammalt filnamn på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: dålig git-diff - förväntade /dev/null på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1419
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount: förväntade rad: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "patch-fragment utan huvud på rad %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1493
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"git-diff-huvudet saknar filnamnsinformation när %d ledande sökvägskomponent\n"
+"tas bort (rad %d)"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"git-diff-huvudet saknar filnamnsinformation när %d ledande "
+"sökvägskomponenter\n"
+"tas bort (rad %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "ny fil beror på gammalt innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "borttagen fil har fortfarande innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "trasig patch på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "nya filen %s beror på gammalt innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "borttagna filen %s har fortfarande innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** varning: filen %s blir tom men har inte tagits bort"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "trasig binärpatch på rad %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "binärpatchen på rad %d känns inte igen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2051
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "patch med bara skräp på rad %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2141
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa symboliska länken %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna eller läsa %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2778
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "felaktig inledning på rad: \"%c\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "Stycke %d lyckades på %d (offset %d rad)."
+msgstr[1] "Stycke %d lyckades på %d (offset %d rader)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Sammanhang reducerat till (%ld/%ld) för att tillämpa fragment vid %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2915
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"vid sökning efter:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "saknar binära patchdata för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3036
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "binärpatchen kan inte tillämpas på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3042
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr "binärpatchen på \"%s\" ger felaktigt resultat (förväntade %s, fick %s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3063
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "patch misslyckades: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3187
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "kan inte checka ut %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3232 builtin/apply.c:3243 builtin/apply.c:3288
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades läsa %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3240
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "läser från \"%s\" som är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3268 builtin/apply.c:3490
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "sökvägen %s har ändrat namn/tagits bort"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3349 builtin/apply.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: finns inte i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3353 builtin/apply.c:3496 builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3358 builtin/apply.c:3512
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: motsvarar inte indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3460
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "patch för borttagning lämnar kvar filinnehåll"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3529
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: fel typ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3531
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s har typen %o, förväntade %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3690 builtin/apply.c:3692
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "ogiltig sökväg: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: finns redan i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: finns redan i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3770
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "nytt läge (%o) för %s motsvarar inte gammalt läge (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3775
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "nytt läge (%o) för %s motsvarar inte gammalt läge (%o) för %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "den berörda filen \"%s\" är på andra sidan av en symbolisk länk"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: patchen kan inte tillämpas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3813
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Kontrollerar patchen %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3906 builtin/checkout.c:231 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry misslyckades för sökvägen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4049
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "kan inte ta bort %s från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4078
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "trasig patch för undermodulen %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta status på nyligen skapade filen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa säkerhetsminne för nyligen skapade filen %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4090 builtin/apply.c:4198
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "kan inte lägga till cachepost för %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4123
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "stänger filen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4172
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "kan inte skriva filen \"%s\" läge %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Tillämpade patchen %s rent."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "internt fel"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Tillämpade patchen %%s med %d refuserad..."
+msgstr[1] "Tillämpade patchen %%s med %d refuserade..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4280
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "trunkerar .rej-filnamnet till %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Stycke %d tillämpades rent."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4304
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "Refuserar stycke %d."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "indata känns inte igen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa indexfilen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4522 builtin/apply.c:4525 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4523
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "tillämpa inte ändringar som motsvarar given sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "tillämpa ändringar som motsvarar given sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "antal"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4529
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "ta bort <antal> inledande snedstreck från traditionella diff-sökvägar"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "ignorera tillägg gjorda av patchen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, skriv ut diffstat för indata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "visa antal tillagda och borttagna rader decimalt"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, skriv ut en summering av indata"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4542
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "istället för att tillämpa patchen, se om patchen kan tillämpas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4544
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "se till att patchen kan tillämpas på aktuellt index"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "tillämpa en patch utan att röra arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4548
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "godta en patch som rör filer utanför arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "tillämpa också patchen (använd med --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4552
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "försök en trevägssammanslagning om patchen inte kan tillämpas"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4554
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "bygg ett temporärt index baserat på inbyggd indexinformation"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556 builtin/checkout-index.c:198 builtin/ls-files.c:412
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med NUL-tecken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4559
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "se till att åtminstone <n> rader sammanhang är lika"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "åtgärd"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4561
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "detektera nya eller ändrade rader som har fel i blanktecken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4564 builtin/apply.c:4567
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "ignorera ändringar i blanktecken för sammanhang"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "tillämpa patchen baklänges"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4572
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "förvänta inte minst en rad sammanhang"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4574
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "lämna refuserade stycken i motsvarande *.rej-filer"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4576
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "tillåt överlappande stycken"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4579
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "tolerera felaktigt detekterade saknade nyradstecken vid filslut"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4582
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "lite inte på antalet linjer i styckehuvuden"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4584
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "rot"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4585
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "lägg till <rot> i alla filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4607
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way utanför arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4615
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index utanför arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4618
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached utanför arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna patchen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4651
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "undertryckte %d fel i blanksteg"
+msgstr[1] "undertryckte %d fel i blanksteg"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4657 builtin/apply.c:4667
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d rad lägger till fel i blanksteg."
+msgstr[1] "%d rader lägger till fel i blanksteg."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa arkivfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "kunde inte omdirigera utdata"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Fjärr utan URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: förväntade ACK/NAK, fick EOF"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "fjärrfel: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: protokollfel"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: förväntade en tömning (flush)"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "utför 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "uppdatera BISECT_HEAD istället för att checka ut aktuell incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [<flaggor>] [<rev-flaggor>] [<rev>] [--] fil"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:35
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<rev-flaggor> dokumenteras i git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2500
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Visa klandringsposter när vi hittar dem, interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2501
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa blank SHA-1 för gränsincheckningar (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2502
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Behandla inte rotincheckningar som gränser (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2503
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Visa statistik över arbetskostnad"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2504
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Visa utdatapoäng för klandringsposter"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2505
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Visa originalfilnamn (Standard: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2506
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa ursprungligt radnummer (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2507
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Visa i ett format avsett för maskinkonsumtion"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2508
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Visa porslinsformat med per-rad-incheckningsinformation"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2509
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Använd samma utdataläge som git-annotate (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2510
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa rå tidsstämpel (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2511
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa lång inchecknings-SHA1 (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2512
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Undertryck författarnamn och tidsstämpel (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2513
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Visa författarens e-post istället för namn (Standard: av)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2514
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Ignorera ändringar i blanksteg"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2515
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Slösa extra cykler med att hitta bättre träff"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2516
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "Använd revisioner från <fil> istället för att anropa git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Använd <fil>s innehåll som slutgiltig bild"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518 builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "poäng"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Hitta kopierade rader inuti och mellan filer"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Hitta flyttade rader inuti och mellan filer"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Behandla endast radintervallet n,m, med början på 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2601
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "4 år, 11 månader sedan"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<flaggor>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<flaggor>] [-l] [-f] <grennamn> [<startpunkt>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<flaggor>] [-r] (-d | -D) <grennamn>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<flaggor>] (-m | -M) [<gammal_gren>] <ny_gren>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"tar bort grenen \"%s\" som har slagits ihop med\n"
+"         \"%s\", men ännu inte slagits ihop med HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"tar inte bort grenen \"%s\" som inte har slagits ihop med\n"
+"         \"%s\", trots att den har slagits ihop med HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:170
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:174
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Grenen \"%s\" har inte slagits samman i sin helhet.\n"
+"Om du är säker på att du vill ta bort den, kör \"git branch -D %s\"."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:187
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:215
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "kan inte ange -a med -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:221
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp incheckningsobjekt för HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort grenen \"%s\" som du befinner dig på för närvarande."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:245
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "fjärrgrenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "grenen \"%s\" hittades inte."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av fjärrgrenen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Fel vid borttagning av grenen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Tog bort fjärrgrenen %s (var %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Tog bort grenen %s (var %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "grenen \"%s\" pekar inte på en incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: försvunnen]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: bakom %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[bakom %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: före %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[före %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: före %d, bakom %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:483
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[före %d, bakom %d] "
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** ogiltig ref ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren, ombaserar %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren, \"bisect\" startad på %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:596
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD frånkopplat vid %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:599
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD frånkopplat från %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:603
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(ingen gren)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "objektet \"%s\" pekar på en incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr "vissa referenser kunde inte läsas"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte byta namn på aktuell gren när du inte befinner dig på någon."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Felaktigt namn på gren: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:736
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Misslyckades byta namn på gren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "Bytte bort namn på en felaktigt namngiven gren \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Grenen namnbytt till %s, men HEAD har inte uppdaterats!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:751
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Grenen namnbytt, men misslyckades uppdatera konfigurationsfilen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "felformat objektnamn %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva grenbeskrivningsmall: %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Allmänna flaggor"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "visa hash och ärenderad, ange två gånger för uppströmsgren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "undertryck informationsmeddelanden"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "ställ in spårningsläge (se git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "ändra uppströmsinformation"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "använd färgad utdata"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "arbeta på fjärrspårande grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834 builtin/branch.c:840 builtin/branch.c:861
+#: builtin/branch.c:867 builtin/commit.c:1582 builtin/commit.c:1583
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584 builtin/commit.c:1585 builtin/tag.c:616
+#: builtin/tag.c:622
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835 builtin/branch.c:841
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "visa endast grenar som innehåller incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:847
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Specifika git-branch-åtgärder:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "visa både fjärrspårande och lokala grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:850
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "ta bort helt sammanslagen gren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:851
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "ta bort gren (även om inte helt sammanslagen)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:852
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "flytta/ta bort en gren och dess reflogg"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:853
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "flytta/ta bort en gren, även om målet finns"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:854
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "lista namn på grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "skapa grenens reflogg"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "redigera beskrivning för grenen"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:858
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "tvinga skapande, flytt/namnändring, borttagande"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "visa endast ej sammanslagna grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:867
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "visa endast sammanslagna grenar"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:871
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "visa grenar i spalter"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:884
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Misslyckades slå upp HEAD som giltig referens"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:888 builtin/clone.c:637
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "HEAD hittades inte under refs/heads!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:910
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column och --verbose är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:921 builtin/branch.c:960
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "grennamn krävs"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:936
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte beskriva frånkopplad HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "kan inte redigera beskrivning för mer än en gren"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Inga incheckningar på grenen \"%s\" ännu"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:951
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Ingen gren vid namnet \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "för många grenar för namnbyte"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:971
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "för många grenar för att byta uppström"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:975
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte sätta uppström för HEAD till %s när det inte pekar mot någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:978 builtin/branch.c:1000 builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "okänd gren \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "grenen \"%s\" finns inte"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "för många grenar för att ta bort uppström"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:998
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte ta bort uppström för HEAD när det inte pekar mot någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Grenen \"%s\" har ingen uppströmsinformation"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1018
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa \"HEAD\" manuellt"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1024
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"flaggorna -a och -r på \"git branch\" kan inte anges tillsammans med ett "
+"grennamn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1027
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggan --set-upstream rekommenderas ej och kommer tas bort. Använd --track "
+"eller --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Om du vill göra så att \"%s\" spårar \"%s\" gör du så här:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1045
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "%s är okej\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "Behöver ett arkiv för att skapa ett paket (bundle)."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Behöver ett arkiv för att packa upp ett paket (bundle)."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:326
+msgid "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <typ> | --textconv) <objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <objektlista>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:364
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<typ> kan vara en av: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:365
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "visa objekttyp"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:366
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "visa objektstorlek"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:368
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "avsluta med noll när det inte uppstått något fel"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:369
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "visa objektets innehåll snyggt"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:371
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "för blob-objekt, kör textconv på objektets innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:373
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "visa information och innehåll för objekt som listas på standard in"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:376
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "visa information för objekt som listas på standard in"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <sökvägslista>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "visa alla attribut som satts på filen"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "använd .gitattributes endast från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "läs filnamn från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "avsluta in- och utdataposter med NUL-tecken"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/gc.c:274
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "undertryck förloppsrapportering"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "visa indatasökvägar som inte träffas"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "ignorera index vid kontroll"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "kan inte ange sökvägsnamn med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z kan endast användas tillsammans med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "ingen sökväg angavs"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet kan endast användas med ett enkelt sökvägsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "kan inte använda både --quiet och --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching är endast giltig med --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<flaggor>] <kontakt>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "läs även kontakter från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka kontakt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "inga kontakter angavs"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<flaggor>] [--] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "checka ut alla filer i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:189
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "tvinga överskrivning av befintliga filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:191
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "ingen varning för existerande filer och filer ej i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:193
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "checka inte ut nya filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:195
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "uppdatera stat-information i indexfilen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:201
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "läs listan över sökvägar från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "skriv innehåll till temporära filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "sträng"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:205
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "när filer skapas, lägg till <sträng> först"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:208
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "kopiera ut filer från namngiven etapp"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<flaggor>] <gren>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<flaggor>] [<gren>] -- <fil>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132 builtin/checkout.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte vår version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte deras version"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" innehåller inte alla nödvändiga versioner"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" innehåller inte nödvändiga versioner"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "sökväg \"%s\": kan inte slå ihop"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till sammanslagningsresultat för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:255
+#: builtin/checkout.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas vid uppdatering av sökvägar"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas med %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera sökvägar och växla till grenen \"%s\" samtidigt."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:278 builtin/checkout.c:467
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "indexfilen är trasig"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:338 builtin/checkout.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte slagits ihop"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:489
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "du måste lösa ditt befintliga index först"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Kan inte skapa referenslog för \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD är nu på"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Återställ gren \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Redan på \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Växlade till och nollställde grenen \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:669 builtin/checkout.c:1050
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Växlade till en ny gren \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Växlade till grenen \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:723
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " ... och %d till.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:729
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Varning: du lämnar %d incheckning bakom dig som inte är ansluten till\n"
+"någon av dina grenar:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Varning: du lämnar %d incheckningar bakom dig som inte är ansluta till\n"
+"någon av dina grenar:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Om du vill behålla dem genom att skapa en ny gren är nu en bra tidpunkt\n"
+"att göra så, med:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <nytt_grennamn> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:777
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "internt fel vid genomgång av revisioner (revision walk)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:781
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "Tidigare position för HEAD var"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:808 builtin/checkout.c:1045
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Du är på en gren som ännu inte är född"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:952
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "endast en referens förväntades, %d gavs."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "felaktig referens: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1020
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "referensen är inte ett träd: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "sökvägar kan inte användas vid byte av gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062 builtin/checkout.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas vid byte av gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "\"%s\" kan inte användas med \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte växla gren till icke-incheckningen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108 builtin/checkout.c:1110 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:159 builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1109
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "skapa och checka ut en ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "skapa/nollställ och checka ut en gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1112
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "skapa reflogg för ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "koppla från HEAD vid namngiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1114
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "sätt uppströmsinformation för ny gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "ny-gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "ny gren utan förälder"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1117
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "checka ut vår version för ej sammanslagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1119
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "checka ut deras version för ej sammanslagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1121
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "tvinga utcheckning (kasta bort lokala ändringar)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1122
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "utför en 3-vägssammanslagning för den nya grenen"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1123 builtin/merge.c:227
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "uppdatera ignorerade filer (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1124 builtin/log.c:1239 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "stil"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "konfliktstil (merge eller diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "begränsa inte sökvägar till endast glesa poster"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1130
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "förutspå \"git checkout <gren-saknas>\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b, -B och --orphan är ömsesidigt uteslutande"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1170
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track behöver ett namn på en gren"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1175
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Grennamn saknas; försök med -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1212
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "felaktig sökvägsangivelse"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte uppdatera sökvägar och växla till grenen \"%s\" samtidigt.\n"
+"Ville du checka ut \"%s\" som inte kan lösas som en utcheckning?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1224
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach tar inte en sökväg som argument \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1228
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force och --merge är inkompatibla när\n"
+"du checkar ut från indexet."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <mönster>] [-x | -X] [--] "
+"<sökvägar>..."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Tar bort %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Skulle ta bort %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Hoppar över arkivet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Skulle hoppa över arkivet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandohjälp:\n"
+"1          - markera en numrerad post\n"
+"foo        - markera post baserad på unikt prefix\n"
+"           - (tomt) markera ingenting"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:299
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Kommandohjälp:\n"
+"1          - markera en ensam post\n"
+"3-5        - markera ett intervall med poster\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - markera flera intervall\n"
+"foo        - markera post baserad på unikt prefix\n"
+"-...       - avmarkera specifika poster\n"
+"*          - välj alla poster\n"
+"           - (tomt) avsluta markering"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:517
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Vadå (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Ange ignoreringsmönster>>"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "VARNING: Hittar inte poster som motsvarar: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Välj poster att ta bort"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Ta bort %s [Y=ja / N=nej]?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:783
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Hej då."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:791
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - börja städa\n"
+"filter by pattern   - uteslut poster från borttagning\n"
+"select by numbers   - markera poster som ska tas bort med siffror\n"
+"ask each            - bekräfta varje borttagning (som \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - sluta städa\n"
+"help                - denna skärm\n"
+"?                   - hjälp för kommandoval"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Kommandon ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:819
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Vad nu"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:827
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Skulle ta bort följande post:"
+msgstr[1] "Skulle ta bort följande poster:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:844
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Inga fler filer att städa, avslutar."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "skriv inte ut namn på borttagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "tvinga"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:878
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "städa interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "ta bort hela kataloger"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:714
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:443 builtin/name-rev.c:311 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "mönster"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "lägg till <mönster> till ignoreringsregler"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:883
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "ta även bort ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:885
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "ta endast bort ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:903
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x och -X kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:907
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce satt till true, men varken -i, -n eller -f angavs; vägrar "
+"städa"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:910
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce har standardvärdet true och varken -i, -n eller -f "
+"angavs; vägrar städa"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<flaggor>] [--] <arkiv> [<kat>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66 builtin/fetch.c:111 builtin/merge.c:224
+#: builtin/push.c:523
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "tvinga förloppsrapportering"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "skapa inte någon utcheckning"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/clone.c:71 builtin/init-db.c:496
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "skapa ett naket (\"bare\") arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "skapa ett spegelarkiv (implicerar \"bare\")"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "för att klona från ett lokalt arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "skapa inte lokala hårda länkar, kopiera alltid"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "skapa som ett delat arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "initiera undermoduler i klonen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:493
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "mallkatalog"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "katalog att använda mallar från"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "referensarkiv"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "namn"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "använd <namn> istället för \"origin\" för att spåra uppströms"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "checka ut <gren> istället för fjärrens HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "sökväg till git-upload-pack på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "djup"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "skapa en grund klon på detta djup"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "klona endast en gren, HEAD eller --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "använd --reference endast under kloningen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100 builtin/init-db.c:502
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitkat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101 builtin/init-db.c:503
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "separera gitkatalogen från arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "nyckel=värde"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:103
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "ställ in konfiguration i det nya arkivet"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är inte ett lokalt arkiv."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är grunt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "referensarkivet \"%s\" är ympat"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa katalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:327 builtin/diff.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta status på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s finns och är ingen katalog"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta status på %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa länken \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:369
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades kopiera filen till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:392 builtin/clone.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "klart.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:404
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Klonen lyckades, men utcheckningen misslyckades.\n"
+"Du kan inspektera det som checkades ut med \"git status\"\n"
+"och försöka checka ut igen med \"git checkout -f HEAD\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta fjärrgrenen %s för att klona."
+
+# Vague original, not networking-related, but rather related to the actual
+# objects in the database.
+#: builtin/clone.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Kontrollerar konnektivitet..."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:564
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "fjärren sände inte alla nödvändiga objekt"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"HEAD hos fjärren pekar på en obefintlig referens, kan inte checka ut.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:659
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "kunde inte checka ut arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:746
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "kan inte packa om för att städa upp"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:748
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "kunde inte ta bort temporär \"alternates\"-fil"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "För många argument."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:782
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Du måste ange ett arkiv att klona."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:793
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "flaggorna --bare och --origin %s är inkompatibla."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "flaggorna --bare och --separate-git-dir är inkompatibla."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "arkivet \"%s\" finns inte"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:815 builtin/fetch.c:1156
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "djupet %s är inte ett positivt tal"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:825
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "destinationssökvägen \"%s\" finns redan och är inte en tom katalog."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "arbetsträdet \"%s\" finns redan."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:850 builtin/clone.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa inledande kataloger för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa arbetskatalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Klonar till ett naket arkiv \"%s\"...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:873
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Klonar till \"%s\"...\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:898
+msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+msgstr "--dissociate angavs, men --reference har inte angivits"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:913
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth ignoreras i lokala kloningar; använd file:// istället"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:916
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "källarkivet är grunt, ignorerar --local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local ignoreras"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:925
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Vet inte hur man klonar %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:976 builtin/clone.c:984
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Fjärrgrenen %s hittades inte i uppströmsarkivet %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:987
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Du verkar ha klonat ett tomt arkiv."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "slå upp konfigurationsvariabler"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "utseende att använda"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Maximal bredd"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Spaltfyllnad i vänsterkanten"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Spaltfyllnad i högerkanten"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Spaltfyllnad mellan spalter"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command måste vara första argument"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:37
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<flaggor>] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:42
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<flaggor>] [--] <sökväg>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:47
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ditt namn och e-postadress konfigurerades automatiskt baserat på\n"
+"ditt användar-id och värdnamn. Kontrollera att de är riktiga. Du\n"
+"kan förhindra det här meddelandet genom att ställa dem explicit.\n"
+"Kör följande kommandon och följ instruktionerna i textredigeraren\n"
+"för att redigera din konfigurationsfil:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"När du gjort det kan du rätta identiteten som användes för den här\n"
+"incheckningen med:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ditt namn och e-postadress konfigurerades automatiskt baserat på\n"
+"ditt användar-id och värdnamn. Kontrollera att de är riktiga. Du\n"
+"kan förhindra det här meddelandet genom att ställa dem explicit:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Ditt namn\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email du@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"När du gjort det kan du rätta identiteten som användes för den här\n"
+"incheckningen med:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du bad om att utöka den senaste incheckningen, men om du gör det\n"
+"blir den tom. Du kan köra kommandot på nytt med --allow-empty, eller\n"
+"så kan du ta bort incheckningen helt med \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:77
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Den tidigare \"cherry-pick\":en är nu tom, kanske på grund av en löst\n"
+"konflikt. Om du vill checka in den ändå använder du:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:84
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Använd annars \"git reset\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:87
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Om du vill hoppa över incheckningen, använd:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"\"git cherry-pick --continue\" kommer därefter att återuppta\n"
+"cherry-pick för återstående incheckningar.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:304
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "misslyckades packa upp HEAD:s trädobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:344
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa temporär indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:350
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "interaktiv tilläggning misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:361
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "kan inte skriva indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:363
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera temporärt index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Misslyckades uppdatera huvud-cacheträdet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:414 builtin/commit.c:463
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva filen new_index"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:445
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en sammanslagning."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "kan inte utföra en delvis incheckning under en cherry-pick."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:456
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa indexet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:475
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva temporär indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "incheckningen \"%s\" saknar författarhuvud"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "incheckningen \"%s\" har felformaterat författarhuvud"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:601
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "felformad \"--author\"-flagga"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "felaktigt datumformat: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:653
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"kunde inte välja ett kommentarstecken som inte använts\n"
+"i det befintliga incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:690 builtin/commit.c:723 builtin/commit.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte slå upp incheckningen %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:702 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(läser loggmeddelande från standard in)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa logg från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa loggfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:734
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:785
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva incheckningsmall"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Det verkar som du checkar in en sammanslagning.\n"
+"Om det inte stämmer tar du bort filen\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"och försöker igen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Det verkar som du checkar in en cherry-pick.\n"
+"Om det inte stämmer tar du bort filen\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"och försöker igen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ange incheckningsmeddelandet för dina ändringar. Rader som inleds\n"
+"med \"%c\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande avbryter "
+"incheckningen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:828
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ange incheckningsmeddelandet för dina ändringar. Rader som inleds\n"
+"med \"%c\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om du vill.\n"
+"Ett tomt meddelande avbryter incheckningen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:848
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sFörfattare: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:856
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sDatum:      %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sIncheckare: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:881
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Kan inte läsa indexet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:938
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Fel vid byggande av träd"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:953 builtin/tag.c:495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Ange meddelandet en av flaggorna -m eller -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author '%s' är inte 'Namn <epost>' och matchar ingen befintlig författare"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070 builtin/commit.c:1310
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Ogiltigt läge för ospårade filer: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1107
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long och -z är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1137
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Kan inte använda både --reset-author och --author"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1146
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Du har inget att utöka."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1149
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Du är i mitten av en sammanslagning -- kan inte utöka."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1151
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "Du är i mitten av en cherry-pick -- kan inte utöka."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Flaggorna --squash och --fixup kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr "Endast en av -c/-C/-F/--fixup kan användas."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Flaggan -m kan inte kombineras med -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr "--reset-author kan endast användas med -C, -c eller --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1191
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Endast en av --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch kan användas."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1193
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Du måste ange sökvägar tillsammans med --include/--only."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1195
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Smart... utöka den senaste med smutsigt index."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1197
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "Explicita sökvägar angavs utan -i eller -o; antar --only sökvägar..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1209 builtin/tag.c:728
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Felaktigt städningsläge %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Kan inte ange sökvägar med -a."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1324 builtin/commit.c:1604
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "visa koncis status"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1326 builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "visa information om gren"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1328 builtin/commit.c:1608 builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "maskinläsbar utdata"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1331 builtin/commit.c:1610
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "visa status i långt format (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1334 builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "terminera poster med NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1336 builtin/commit.c:1616 builtin/fast-export.c:980
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:983 builtin/tag.c:603
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "läge"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr "visa ospårade filer, valfria lägen: alla, normal, no. (Standard: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "visa ignorerade filer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1341 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "när"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"ignorera ändringar i undermoduler, valfritt när: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1344
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "visa ospårade filer i spalter"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "kunde inte slå upp en precis skapad incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka en precis skapad incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "frånkopplad HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (rotincheckning)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "undertryck sammanfattning efter framgångsrik incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "visa diff i mallen för incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1577
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningsmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578 builtin/tag.c:601
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "läs meddelande från fil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "författare"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "överstyr författare för incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580 builtin/gc.c:275
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "datum"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "överstyr datum för incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581 builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/notes.c:391
+#: builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/tag.c:599
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "incheckningsmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "återanvänd och redigera meddelande från angiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "återanvänd meddelande från angiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"använd autosquash-formaterat meddelande för att fixa angiven incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1585
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"använd autosquash-formaterat meddelande för att slå ihop med angiven "
+"incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "jag är nu författare av incheckningen (används med -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587 builtin/log.c:1191 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "lägg till Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1588
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "använd angiven mallfil"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1589
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "tvinga redigering av incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "standard"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590 builtin/tag.c:604
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "hur blanksteg och #kommentarer skall tas bort från meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "inkludera status i mallen för incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592 builtin/merge.c:225 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/tag.c:605
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "nyckel-id"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1593 builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "GPG-signera incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för incheckningens innehåll"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "checka in alla ändrade filer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "lägg till angivna filer till indexet för incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "lägg till filer interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "lägg till ändringar interaktivt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "checka endast in angivna filer"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "förbigå pre-commit-krok"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "visa vad som skulle checkas in"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "lägg till föregående incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "förbigå post-rewrite-krok"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "ok att registrera en tom ändring"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1622
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "ok att registrera en ändring med tomt meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1651
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka HEAD:s incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1690 builtin/merge.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna \"%s\" för läsning"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1697
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Trasig MERGE_HEAD-fil (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1704
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1723
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa incheckningsmeddelande: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1734
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "Avbryter incheckning; meddelandet inte redigerat.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1739
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Avbryter på grund av tomt incheckningsmeddelande.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1754 builtin/merge.c:851 builtin/merge.c:876
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva incheckningsobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1787
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Arkivet har uppdaterats, men kunde inte skriva filen\n"
+"new_index. Kontrollera att disken inte är full och\n"
+"att kvoten inte har överskridits, och kör sedan\n"
+"\"git reset HEAD\" för att återställa."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Konfigurationsfilens plats"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "använd global konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "använd systemets konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "använd arkivets konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "använd angiven konfigurationsfil"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "läs konfiguration från givet blob-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Åtgärd"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "hämta värde: namn [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "hämta alla värden: nyckel [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "hämta värden för reguttr: namn-reguttr [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "hämta värde specifikt URL:en: sektion[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "ersätt alla motsvarande variabler: namn värde [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "lägg till en ny variabel: namn värde"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "ta bort en variabel: namn [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "ta bort alla träffar: namn [värde-reguttr]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "byt namn på sektion: gammalt-namn nytt-namn"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "ta bort en sektion: namn"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "visa alla"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "öppna textredigeringsprogram"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "hitta den inställda färgen: slot [default]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "hitta färginställningen: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Typ"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "värdet är \"true\" eller \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "värdet är ett decimalt tal"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "värdet är --bool eller --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "värdet är en sökväg (fil- eller katalognamn)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Andra"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminera värden med NUL-byte"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "respektera inkluderingsdirektiv vid uppslag"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:316
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "kan inte tolka standardfärgvärde"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:457
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Detta är Gits användarspecifika konfigurationsfil\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Justera och ta bort kommenteringsmärket från följande rader:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:589
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa konfigurationsfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:55
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:65
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "skriv storlekar i människoläsbart format"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<flaggor>] [<incheckning-igt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<flaggor>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "den annoterade taggen %s inte tillgänglig"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "den annoterade taggen %s har inget inbäddat namn"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "taggen \"%s\" är i verkligheten \"%s\" här"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:452
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s är inte ett giltigt \"%s\"-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "ingen tagg motsvarar \"%s\" exakt"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "söker för att beskriva %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "avslutade sökning på %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Inga annoterade taggar kan beskriva \"%s\".\n"
+"Det finns dock oannoterade taggar: testa --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Inga taggar kan beskriva \"%s\".\n"
+"Testa --always, eller skapa några taggar."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "traverserade %lu incheckningar\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"mer än %i taggar hittades; listar de %i senaste\n"
+"gav upp sökningen vid %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "hitta taggen som kommer efter incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "felsök sökstrategin på standard fel"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "använd alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "använd alla taggar, även oannoterade"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "använd alltid långt format"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "följ endast första föräldern"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "skriv endast ut exakta träffar"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "överväg de <n> nyaste taggarna (standard: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "överväg endast taggar som motsvarar <mönster>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "visa förkortade incheckningsobjekt som standard"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "märke"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "lägg till <märke> på lortigt arbetsträd (standard: \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long är inkompatibel med --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Inga namn hittades, kan inte beskriva något."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty är inkompatibelt med \"commit-ish\"-värden"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "\"%s\": inte en normal fil eller symbolisk länk"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "ogiltig flagga: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:358
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Inte ett git-arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "objektet \"%s\" som angavs är felaktigt."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "mer än två blobbar angavs: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:417
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "ej hanterat objekt \"%s\" angavs."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:24
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-flaggor]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:979
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "visa förlopp efter <n> objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:981
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "välj hantering av signerade taggar"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "välj hantering av taggar som har taggfiltrerade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:987
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Dump märken till filen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "Importera märken från filen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:991
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Fejka taggare när taggen saknar en"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:993
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Skriv ut hela trädet för varje incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:995
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Använd done-funktionen för att avsluta strömmen"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Hoppa över skrivning av blob-data"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "referensspecifikation"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Applicera referensspecifikation på exporterade referenser"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "anonymisera utdata"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:19
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<flaggor>] [<arkiv> [<refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<flaggor>] <grupp>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<flaggor>] [(<arkiv> | <grupp>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "hämta från alla fjärrar"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:91
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "lägg till i .git/FETCH_HEAD istället för att skriva över"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "sökväg till upload pack på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "tvinga överskrivning av lokal gren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "hämta från flera fjärrar"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "hämta alla taggar och associerade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "hämta inte alla taggar (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "rensa fjärrspårande grenar ej längre på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "on-demand"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:104
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "styr rekursiv hämtning av undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "behåll hämtade paket"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:110
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "tillåt uppdatering av HEAD-referens"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "fördjupa historik för grund klon"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "konvertera till komplett arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "kat"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "lägg till i början av undermodulens sökvägsutdata"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:121
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "standardläge för rekursion"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "tar emot referenser som uppdaterar .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:124
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "referenskarta"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:125
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "ange referenskarta för \"fetch\""
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta fjärr-referensen HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "objektet %s hittades inte"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:460
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[àjour]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (kan inte hämta i aktuell gren)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:475 builtin/fetch.c:561
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[refuserad]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[uppdaterad tagg]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488 builtin/fetch.c:523 builtin/fetch.c:541
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (kunde inte uppdatera lokal ref)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:506
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[ny tagg]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:509
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[ny gren]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:512
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[ny ref]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "kunde inte uppdatera lokal ref"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "tvingad uppdatering"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:563
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(ej snabbspolad)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:596 builtin/fetch.c:829
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna %s: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:605
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s sände inte alla nödvändiga objekt\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr "avvisa %s då grunda rötter inte kan uppdateras"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:711 builtin/fetch.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Från %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:722
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"vissa lokala referenser kunde inte uppdateras; testa att köra\n"
+" \"git remote prune %s\" för att ta bort gamla grenar som står i konflikt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:774
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s kommer bli dinglande)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:775
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s har blivit dinglande)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:799
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[borttagen]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:800 builtin/remote.c:1060
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(ingen)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr "Vägrar hämta till aktuell gren %s i ett icke-naket arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:838
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "Flaggan \"%s\" och värdet \"%s\" är inte giltigt för %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Flaggan \"%s\" ignoreras för %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Vet inte hur man hämtar från %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1059
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Hämtar %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1061 builtin/remote.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hämta %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1079
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Inget fjärrarkiv angavs. Ange antingen en URL eller namnet på ett\n"
+"fjärrarkiv som nya incheckningar skall hämtas från."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Du måste ange namnet på en tagg."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1144
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth och --unshallow kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1146
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow kan inte användas på ett komplett arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1169
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "fetch --all tar inte namnet på ett arkiv som argument"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1171
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "fetch --all kan inte anges med referensspecifikationer"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "Fjärren eller fjärrgruppen finns inte: %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1190
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta från grupp och ange referensspecifikationer"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <meddelande>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <fil>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:665 builtin/grep.c:698
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657 builtin/show-ref.c:178 builtin/tag.c:590
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "fyll i loggen med som mest <n> poster från shortlog"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "alias för --log (avråds)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "text"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "inled meddelande med <text>"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "fil att läsa från"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:675
+msgid "unable to parse format"
+msgstr "kan inte tolka formatet"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1063
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<flaggor>] [<mönster>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1078
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för skal"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1080
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1082
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1084
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "citera platshållare passande för Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1087
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "visa endast <n> träffade refs"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088 builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "format"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "format att använda för utdata"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1089
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "nyckel"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1090
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "fältnamn att sortera på"
+
+# Vague original, not networking-related, but rather related to the actual
+# objects in the database.
+#: builtin/fsck.c:147 builtin/prune.c:137
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Kontrollerar konnektivitet"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:540
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Kontrollerar objektkataloger"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:603
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<flaggor>] [<objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:609
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "visa onåbara objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:610
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "visa dinglande objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:611
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "rapportera taggar"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:612
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "rapportera rotnoder"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "gör indexojekt till huvudnoder"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "gör refloggar till huvudnoder (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "ta även hänsyn till paket och alternativa objekt"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "aktivera striktare kontroll"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "skriv dinglande objekt i .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619 builtin/prune.c:108
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "visa förlopp"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:669
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Kontrollerar objekt"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:24
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+msgstr "Ogiltig gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "tokigt lång objektkatalog %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:276
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "rensa ej refererade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:278
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "var mer grundlig (ökar körtiden)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:279
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "aktivera auto-gc-läge"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:280
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "tvinga gc-körning även om en annan gc kanske körs"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Packar arkivet automatiskt i bakgrunden för optimal prestanda.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:323
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Packar arkivet automatiskt för optimal prestanda.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Se \"git help gc\" för manuell hushållning.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:342
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"gc körs redan på maskinen \"%s\" pid %<PRIuMAX> (använd --force om så inte "
+"är fallet)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:364
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Det finns för många onåbara lösa objekt; kör \"git prune\" för att ta bort "
+"dem."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<flaggor>] [-e] <mönster> [<rev>...] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: misslyckades skapa tråd. %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:441 builtin/grep.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa träd (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte \"grep\" från objekt av typen %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:547
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "flaggan \"%c\" antar ett numeriskt värde"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:638
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "sök i indexet istället för i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:640
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "sök i innehåll som inte hanteras av git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "sök i både spårade och ospårade filer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "ignorera filer angivna i \".gitignore\""
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "visa rader som inte träffas"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "skiftlägesokänslig sökning"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "matcha endast mönster vid ordgränser"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "hantera binärfiler som text"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "träffa inte mönster i binärfiler"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "hantera binärfiler med textconv-filter"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "gå som mest ned <djup> nivåer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "använd utökade POSIX-reguljära uttryck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "använd grundläggande POSIX-reguljära uttryck (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "tolka mönster som fixerade strängar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "använd Perlkompatibla reguljära uttryck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "visa radnummer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "visa inte filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "visa filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "visa filnamn relativa till toppkatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "visa endast filnamn istället för träffade rader"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "synonym för --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "visa endast namn på filer utan träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "skriv NUL efter filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "visa antal träffar istället för träffade rader"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "ljusmarkera träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "skriv tomma rader mellan träffar från olika filer"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr "visa filnamn endast en gång ovanför träffar från samma fil"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang före och efter träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang före träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader sammanhang efter träffar"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "genväg för -C NUM"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "visa en rad med funktionsnamnet före träffen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "visa den omkringliggande funktionen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "läs mönster från fil"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "träffa <mönster>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "kombinera mönster som anges med -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:729
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "ange träff med slutstatuskod utan utdata"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "visa endast träffar från filer som träffar alla mönster"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "visa analysträd för grep-uttryck"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "bläddrare"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "visa träffade filer i filbläddraren"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "tillåt anropa grep(1) (ignoreras av detta bygge)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "visa användning"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:808
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "inget mönster angavs."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager fungerar endast i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:892
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached och --untracked kan inte användas med --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr "--no-index och --untracked kan inte användas med revisioner."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:900
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard kan inte användas för spårat innehåll."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:908
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "både --cached och träd angavs."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <typ>] [-w] [--path=<fil> | --no-filters] [--stdin] [--] "
+"<fil>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:83
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <sökvägslista>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94 builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "typ"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "objekttyp"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:95
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "skriv objektet till objektdatabasen"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "läs objektet från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "spara filen som den är utan filer"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr ""
+"hasha slumpmässigt skräp för att skapa korrupta objekt för felsökning av Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:101
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "hantera filen som om den kom från sökvägen"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "visa alla tillgängliga kommandon"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "lista användbara vägledningar"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "visa manualsida"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "visa manual i webbläsare"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "visa info-sida"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<kommando>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "okänt hjälpformat: %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Misslyckades starta emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Kunde inte tolka emacsclient-version."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "emacsclient version \"%d\" för gammal (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:158 builtin/help.c:167 builtin/help.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "exec misslyckades för \"%s\": %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"\"%s\": sökväg för man-visare som ej stöds.\n"
+"Använd \"man.<verktyg>.cmd\" istället."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"\"%s\": kommando för man-visare som stöds.\n"
+"Använd \"man.<verktyg>.path\" istället."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "\"%s\": okänd man-visare."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:371
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "ingen man-visare hanterade förfrågan"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:379
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "ingen info-visare hanterade förfrågan"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Definierar attribut per sökväg"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:429
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Git för dagligt bruk i ungefär 20 kommandon"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:430
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "En Git-ordlista"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:431
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Ange avsiktligen ospårade filer att ignorera"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Ange egenskaper för undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:433
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Ange versioner och intervall i Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:434
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Introduktion till Git (för version 1.5.1 och senare)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:435
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Översikt över rekommenderade arbetsflöden med Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:447
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "De vanliga Git-vägledningarna är:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:468 builtin/help.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "användning: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "\"git %s\" är ett alias för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "objekttyp stämmer inte överens vid %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "emottog inte det förväntade objektet %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "objektet %s: förväntad typ %s, såg %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "kan inte fylla %d byte"
+msgstr[1] "kan inte fylla %d byte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:275
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "tidigt filslut"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:276
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "indataläsfel"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:288
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "använde fler byte än tillgängligt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "paket för stort för nuvarande definition av off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna paketfilen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:330
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "paketsignatur stämmer inte överens"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "paketversion %<PRIu32> stöds ej"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "paketet har felaktigt objekt vid index %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "inflate returnerade %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:520
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "indexvärdespill för deltabasobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:528
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "deltabasindex utanför gränsen"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "okänd objekttyp %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:567
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "kan inte utföra \"pread\" på paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "för tidigt slut på paketfilen, %lu byte saknas"
+msgstr[1] "för tidigt slut på paketfilen, %lu byte saknas"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:595
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "allvarlig inflate-inkonsekvens"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:686 builtin/index-pack.c:692 builtin/index-pack.c:715
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "SHA1-KOLLISION UPPTÄCKT VID %s !"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:689 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa befintligt objekt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "ogiltigt blob-objekt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:783
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "ogiltigt %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:787
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Fel i objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Inte alla barnobjekt för %s kan nås"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:861 builtin/index-pack.c:890
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "misslyckades tillämpa delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Tar emot objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Skapar index för objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1081
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "paketet är trasigt (SHA1 stämmer inte)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1086
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "kan inte utföra \"fstat\" på paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1089
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "paket har skräp i slutet"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1100
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "förvirrad bortom vanvett i parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1123
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Analyserar delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1133
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa tråd: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1175
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "förvirrad bortom vanvett"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "slutfördes med %d lokala objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Oväntad svanschecksumma för %s (trasig disk?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1195
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "paketet har %d oanalyserat delta"
+msgstr[1] "paketet har %d oanalyserade delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "kunde inte utföra \"deflate\" på tillagt objekt (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "lokalt objekt %s är trasigt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1322
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "fel vid stängning av paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta skriva \"keep\"-fil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1343
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "akn inte stänga skriven \"keep\"-fil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1356
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "kan inte spara paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "kan inte spara indexfil"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "felaktig pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "felaktigt antal trådar angivet (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1410 builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "trådstöd saknas, ignorerar %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte öppna befintlig paketfil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte öppna befintlig paket-idx-fil för \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "icke-delta: %d objekt"
+msgstr[1] "icke-delta: %d objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "kedjelängd = %d: %lu objekt"
+msgstr[1] "kedjelängd = %d: %lu objekt"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1553
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Kan inte gå tillbaka till arbetskatalogen (cwd)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1601 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1616 builtin/index-pack.c:1620
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "felaktig %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1634
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin kan inte användas med --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638 builtin/index-pack.c:1647
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "paketfilnamnet \"%s\" slutar inte med \".pack\""
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1655
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify angavs utan paketfilnamn"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Kunde inte göra %s skrivbar för gruppen"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr "tokigt långt namn på mallen %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta status på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta status på mallen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte öppna katalogen (opendir) \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa länk (readlink) \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr "tokigt lång symbolisk länk %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa symbolisk länk \"%s\" \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "kan inte kopiera \"%s\" till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "ignorerar mallen %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr "tokigt lång mallsökväg %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "mallarna hittades inte %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr "kopierade inte mallar från felaktig formatversion %d från \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr "tokig git-katalog %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:331 builtin/init-db.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s finns redan"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "kan inte hantera filtyp %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "kan inte flytta %s till %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:426
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s Git-arkiv i %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Ominitierade befintligt"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Initierade tomt"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:428
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " delat"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
+"[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<mallkatalog>] [--shared"
+"[=<behörigheter>]] [<katalog>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:498
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "behörigheter"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:499
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "ange att git-arkivet skall delas bland flera användare"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:501 builtin/prune-packed.c:57 builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "var tyst"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533 builtin/init-db.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "kan inte skapa katalogen (mkdir) %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "kan inte byta katalog (chdir) till %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:563
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (eller --work-tree=<katalog>) inte tillåtet utan att ange %s (eller --git-"
+"dir=<katalog>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "Kan inte komma åt arbetskatalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] "
+"[<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <symbol>[(=|:)"
+"<värde>])...] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:25
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "ta bort tomma släprader"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "släprad"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "släprad(er) att lägga till"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<flaggor>] [<versionsintervall>] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<flaggor>] <objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "ogiltig flagga för --decorate: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "undertryck diff-utdata"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "visa källkod"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:129
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Använd e-postmappningsfil"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:130
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "dekoreringsflaggor"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:133
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Behandla radintervallet n,m i filen, med början på 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Slututdata: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: felaktig fil"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:472 builtin/log.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa objektet %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Okänd typ: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:689
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers utan värde"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:773
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "namnet på utdatakatalogen är för långt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Kan inte öppna patchfilen %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:803
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Behöver precis ett intervall."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:811
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Inte ett intervall."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:919
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "Omslagsbrevet behöver e-postformat"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "tokigt in-reply-to: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1026
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<flaggor>] [<sedan> | <revisionsintervall>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1071
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Två utdatakataloger?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "använd [PATCH n/m] även för en ensam patch"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "använd [PATCH] även för flera patchar"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "skriv patcharna på standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1195
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "generera ett följebrev"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "använd enkel nummersekvens för utdatafilnamn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sfx"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "använd <sfx> istället för \".patch\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1201
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "börja numrera patchar på <n> istället för 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "markera serien som N:te försök"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Använd [<prefix>] istället för [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "spara filerna i <katalog>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "ta inte bort eller lägg till [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "skriv inte binära diffar"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "ta inte med patchar som motsvarar en uppströmsincheckning"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1218
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "visa patchformat istället för standard (patch + stat)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "E-post"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "huvud"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "lägg till e-posthuvud"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223 builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "epost"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "Lägg till mottagarhuvud (\"To:\")"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "Lägg till kopiehuvud (\"Cc:\")"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1227
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "ident"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1228
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "sätt Från-adress till <ident> (eller incheckare om ident saknas)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1230
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "meddelande-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "Gör det första brevet ett svar till <meddelande-id>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232 builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "gräns"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "bifoga patchen"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "gör patchen ett inline-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1240
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "aktivera brevtrådning, typer: shallow, deep"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1242
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "signatur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1243
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "lägg till signatur"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1245
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "lägg till signatur från fil"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1246
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "visa inte filnamn för patchar"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "ogiltig ident-rad: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1335
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n och -k kan inte användas samtidigt."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1337
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix och -k kan inte användas samtidigt."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1345
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "kan inte använda --name-only"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1347
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "kan inte använda --name-status"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1349
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "kan inte använda --check"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1372
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "standard ut, eller katalog, vilken skall det vara?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1374
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa katalogen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1472
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa signaturfil \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1535
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Misslyckades skapa utdatafiler"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1583
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<uppström> [<huvud> [<gräns>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1638
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta en spårad fjärrgren, ange <uppström> manuellt.\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1651 builtin/log.c:1653 builtin/log.c:1665
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Okänd incheckning %s"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:358
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<flaggor>] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:415
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "identifiera filstatus med taggar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:417
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "använd små bokstäver för \"anta oförändrade\"-filer"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:419
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "visa cachade filer i utdata (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:421
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "visa borttagna filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:423
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "visa modifierade filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "visa andra filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "visa ignorerade filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:430
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "visa köat innehålls objektnamn i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:432
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "visa filer i filsystemet som behöver tas bort"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:434
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "visa endast namn för \"andra\" kataloger"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "visa inte tomma kataloger"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:440
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "visa ej sammanslagna filer i utdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "visa \"resolve-undo\"-information"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "hoppa över filer som motsvarar mönster"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:447
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "exkludera mönster som läses från <fil>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "läs ytterligare per-katalog-exkluderingsmönster från <fil>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:452
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "lägg till git:s standardexkluderingar"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "gör utdata relativ till projektets toppkatalog"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:458
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "om en <fil> inte är indexet, betrakta det som ett fel"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "träd-igt"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr "låtsas att sökvägar borttagna sedan <träd-igt> fortfarande finns"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "visa felsökningsutdata"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<flaggor>] <träd-igt> [<sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "visa endast träd"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "rekursera ner i underträd"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:131
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "visa träd medan rekursering"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "terminera poster med NUL-byte"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "inkludera objektstorlek"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:137 builtin/ls-tree.c:139
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "visa endast filnamn"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "använd fullständiga sökvägsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:144
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "visa hela trädet; inte bara aktuell katalog (implicerar --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<flaggor>] [<incheckning>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<flaggor>] <meddelande> HEAD <incheckning>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:100
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "flaggan \"m\" behöver ett värde"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta sammanslagningsstrategin \"%s\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Tillgängliga strategier är:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Tillgängliga skräddarsydda strategier är:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:193
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "visa inte en diffstat när sammanslagningen är färdig"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "visa en diffstat när sammanslagningen är färdig"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(synonym till --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:199
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"lägg till (som mest <n>) poster från shortlog till incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "skapa en ensam incheckning istället för en sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "utför en incheckning om sammanslagningen lyckades (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "redigera meddelande innan incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "tillåt snabbspolning (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "avbryt om snabbspolning inte är möjlig"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Bekräfta att den namngivna incheckningen har en giltig GPG-signatur"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214 builtin/notes.c:753 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "strategi"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "sammanslagningsstrategi att använda"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "alternativ=värde"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "alternativ för vald sammanslagningsstrategi"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "incheckningsmeddelande för (icke snabbspolande) sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:223
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "avbryt den pågående sammanslagningen"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:251
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "kunde köra stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:256
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "stash misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "inte ett giltigt objekt: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:280 builtin/merge.c:297
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:327
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (inget att platta till)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Tillplattningsincheckning -- uppdaterar inte HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:372
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Skriver SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:374
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Avslutar SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Inget sammanslagningsmeddelande -- uppdaterar inte HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:447
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "\"%s\" verkar inte peka på en incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:559
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktig branch.%s.mergeoptions-sträng: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:654
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "git write-tree misslyckades skriva ett träd"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:678
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Hanterar inte något annat än en sammanslagning av två huvuden."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:692
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Felaktig flagga för merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:705
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa från \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Checkar inte in sammanslagningen; använd \"git commit\" för att slutföra "
+"den.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ange ett incheckningsmeddelande för att förklara varför sammanslagningen\n"
+"är nödvändig, speciellt om den slår in en uppdaterad uppström i en\n"
+"temagren.\n"
+"\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" kommer ignoreras, och ett tomt meddelande\n"
+"avbryter incheckningen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:833
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Tomt incheckningsmeddelande."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Underbart.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Kunde inte slå ihop automatiskt; fixa konflikter och checka in resultatet.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte en incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:957
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "Inte på någon gren."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:959
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Ingen fjärr för aktuell gren."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Ingen standarduppström angiven för aktuell gren."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:966
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Ingen fjärrspårande gren för %s från %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1122
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr "Det finns ingen sammanslagning att avbryta (MERGE_HEAD saknas)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1138
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns).\n"
+"Checka in dina ändringar innan du slår ihop."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Du har inte avslutat din \"cherry-pick\" (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD finns).\n"
+"Checka in dina ändringar innan du slår ihop."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Du har inte avslutat din \"cherry-pick\" (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD finns)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --squash med --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Ingen incheckning angiven och merge.defaultToUpstream är ej satt."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1198
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr "Kan endast slå ihop en enda incheckning i ett tomt huvud."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1201
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Stöder inte en tillplattningsincheckning på ett tomt huvud ännu"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1203
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr "Icke-snabbspolad incheckning kan inte användas med ett tomt huvud"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - inte något vi kan slå ihop"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s har en obetrodd GPG-signatur som påstås vara gjord av %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Incheckningen %s har en felaktig GPG-signatur som påstås vara gjord av %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Incheckning %s har inte någon GPG-signatur."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Incheckningen %s har en korrekt GPG-signatur av %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1349
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Uppdaterar %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1388
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Försöker riktigt enkel sammanslagning i indexet...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Nej.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1427
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Kan inte snabbspola, avbryter."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1450 builtin/merge.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Återspolar trädet till orört...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1454
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Försöker sammanslagningsstrategin %s...\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1520
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Ingen sammanslagningsstrategi hanterade sammanslagningen.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Sammanslagning med strategin %s misslyckades.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Använder %s för att förbereda lösning för hand.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Automatisk sammanslagning lyckades; stoppar före incheckning som önskat\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <incheckning> <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <incheckning> <incheckning>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> <incheckning>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "skriv ut alla gemensamma anfäder"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "hitta anfader för enkel n-vägssammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "visa revisioner som inte kan nås från andra"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "är den första anfader till den andra?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "se var <incheckning> grenades av från referensloggen från <ref>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<alternativ>] [-L <namn1> [-L <orig> [-L <namn2>]]] <fil1> "
+"<origfil> <fil2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "sänd resultat till standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "använd diff3-baserad sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd vår version"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd deras version"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd en förenad version"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "för konflikter, använd denna markörstorlek"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "varna inte om konflikter"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "sätt etiketter för fil1/origfil/fil2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:64
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:150
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "indata är NUL-terminerad"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:151 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "tillåt saknade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "tillåt skapa mer än ett träd"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<flaggor>] <källa>... <mål>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Katalogen %s är i indexet och inte en undermodul?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:71
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Köa dina ändringar i .gitmodules eller använd \"stash\" för att fortsätta"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s är i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:111
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "tvinga flytta/ändra namn även om målet finns"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "hoppa över fel vid flytt/namnändring"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "destinationen \"%s\" är ingen katalog"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Kontrollerar namnbyte av \"%s\" till \"%s\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:166
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "felaktig källa"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:169
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "kan inte flytta katalog till sig själv"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:172
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "kan inte flytta katalog över fil"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "källkatalogen är tom"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:206
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "inte versionshanterad"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:209
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "destinationen finns"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "skriver över \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:220
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Kan inte skriva över"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:223
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "flera källor för samma mål"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:225
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "destinationskatalogen finns inte"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, källa=%s, mål=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Byter namn på %s till %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:256 builtin/remote.c:728 builtin/repack.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades byta namn på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:255
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<flaggor>] <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:256
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<flaggor>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:257
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<flaggor>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:309
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "skriv endast namn (ingen SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:310
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "använd endast taggar för att namnge incheckningar"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "använd endast referenser som motsvarar <mönster>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "lista alla incheckningar som kan nås alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "läs från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "tillåt att skriva \"odefinierade\" namn (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "avreferera taggar i indata (används internt)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] [list [<objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <medd> | -F "
+"<fil> | (-c | -C) <objekt>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] copy [-f] <från-objekt> <till-objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <medd> | -F "
+"<fil> | (-c | -C) <objekt>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] show [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategi>] "
+"<anteckningsref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] remove [<objekt>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <anteckningsref>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<objekt>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<flaggor>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<flaggor>] <från-objekt> <till-objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<från-objekt> <till-objekt>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<flaggor>] [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<flaggor>] <anteckningsref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<objekt>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte starta \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:150
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa utdata från \"show\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte avsluta \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:173 builtin/tag.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skapa filen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:192
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr "Ange innehåll för anteckningen med antingen -m eller -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:201
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva anteckningsobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Anteckningens innehåll har lämnats kvar i %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:231 builtin/tag.c:693
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte läsa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:233 builtin/tag.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte öppna eller läsa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/notes.c:303 builtin/notes.c:305
+#: builtin/notes.c:365 builtin/notes.c:420 builtin/notes.c:506
+#: builtin/notes.c:511 builtin/notes.c:589 builtin/notes.c:652
+#: builtin/notes.c:854 builtin/tag.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som en giltig referens."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Kunde inte läsa objektet \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "kan inte läsa anteckningsdata från icke-blob-objektet \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Felaktig indatarad: \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades kopiera anteckningar från \"%s\" till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:358 builtin/notes.c:413 builtin/notes.c:489
+#: builtin/notes.c:501 builtin/notes.c:577 builtin/notes.c:645
+#: builtin/notes.c:919
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "för många parametrar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "Inga anteckningar hittades för objektet %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:392 builtin/notes.c:555
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "anteckningsinnehåll som sträng"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:395 builtin/notes.c:558
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "anteckningsinnehåll i en fil"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:397 builtin/notes.c:400 builtin/notes.c:560
+#: builtin/notes.c:563 builtin/tag.c:628
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "objekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "återanvänd och redigera angivet anteckningsobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:401 builtin/notes.c:564
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "återanvänd angivet anteckningsobjekt"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:567
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "tillåt lagra tom anteckning"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:476
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "ersätt befintliga anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:430
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte lägga till anteckningar. Hittade befintliga anteckningar för "
+"objektet %s. Använd \"-f\" för att skriva över befintliga anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:524
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Skriver över befintliga anteckningar för objektet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:617 builtin/notes.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Tar bort anteckning för objektet %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:477
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "läs objekt från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:479
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "läs omskrivningsinställning för <kommando> (implicerar --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:497
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "för få parametrar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Kan inte kopiera anteckningar. Hittade befintliga anteckningar för objektet "
+"%s. Använd \"-f\" för att skriva över befintliga anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Anteckningar på källobjektet %s saknas. Kan inte kopiera."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggorna -m/-F/-c/-C rekommenderas inte för underkommandot \"edit\".\n"
+"Använd \"git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C\" istället.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:750
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Allmänna flaggor"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:752
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Flaggor för sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:754
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"läs konflikter i anteckningar med angiven strategi (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:756
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Checkar in ej sammanslagna anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:758
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+"färdigställ sammanslagning av anteckningar genom att checka in ej "
+"sammanslagna anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:760
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Avbryt lösning av sammanslagning av anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:762
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "avbryt sammanslagning av anteckningar"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "Objektet %s har ingen anteckning\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "försök att ta bort icke-existerande anteckningar är inte ett fel"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:872
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "läs objektnamn från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:953
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "anteckningar-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:954
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "använd anteckningar från <anteckningsref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:989 builtin/remote.c:1621
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Okänt underkommando: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects --stdout [flaggor...] [< reflista | < objektlista]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects [flaggor...] basnamn [< reflista | < objektlista]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "fel i deflate (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:771
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Skriver objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1013
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr "inaktiverar skrivning av bitkarta då några objekt inte packas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2173
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Komprimerar objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2570
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "indexversionen %s stöds ej"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2574
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "felaktig indexversion \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "flaggan %s godtar inte negativ form"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr "kunde inte tolka värdet \"%s\" för flaggan %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "visa inte förloppsindikator"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "visa förloppsindikator"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "visa förloppsindikator under objektskrivningsfasen"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2628
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "som --all-progress när förloppsmätaren visas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "version[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2630
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "skriv paketindexfilen i angiven indexformatversion"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "maximal storlek på varje utdatapaketfil"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2635
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "ignorera lånade objekt från alternativa objektlager"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2637
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "ignorera packade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "begränsa paketfönster efter objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2641
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "begränsa paketfönster efter minne förutom objektgräns"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2643
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "maximal längd på deltakedja tillåten i slutligt paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "återanvänd befintliga delta"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "återanvänd befintliga objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "använd OFS_DELTA-objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "använd trådar vid sökning efter bästa deltaträffar"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2653
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "försök inte skapa tom paketutdata"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2655
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "läs revisionsargument från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2657
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "begränsa objekt till de som ännu inte packats"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "inkludera objekt som kan nås från någon referens"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2663
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "inkludera objekt som refereras från referensloggposter"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "inkludera objekt som refereras från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2669
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "skriv paket på standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2671
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "inkludera taggobjekt som refererar objekt som skall packas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2673
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "behåll onåbara objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2674 parse-options.h:140
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "tid"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2675
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "packa upp onåbara objekt nyare än <tid>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2678
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "skapa tunna paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2680
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "skapa packfiler lämpade för grunda hämtningar"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2682
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "ignorera paket som har tillhörande .keep-fil"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2684
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "komprimeringsgrad för paket"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2686
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "göm inte incheckningar med ympningar (\"grafts\")"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2688
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr "använd bitkartindex om tillgängligt för att räkna objekt snabbare"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2690
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "använd bitkartindex tillsammans med packindexet"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2781
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Räknar objekt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "packa allt"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "ta bort lösa referenser (standard)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Tar bort duplicerade objekt"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <tid>] [--] [<huvud>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "ta inte bort, bara visa"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "rapportera borttagna objekt"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:110
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "låt tid gå ut för objekt äldre än <tid>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<flaggor>] [<arkiv> [<refspec>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:85
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "taggförkortning utan <tagg>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:95
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete godtar endast enkla målreferensnamn"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"För att välja ett av alternativen permanent, se push.default i \"git help "
+"config\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:142
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Uppströmsgrenen för din nuvarande gren stämmer inte överens\n"
+"med namnet på din aktuella gren. För att sända till uppströmsgrenen\n"
+"i fjärrarkivet använder du\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"För att sända till grenen med samma namn i fjärrarkivet använder du\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du är inte på någon gren för närvarande.\n"
+"För att sända in historiken som leder till den aktuella (frånkopplat\n"
+"HEAD) situationen använder du\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<namn-på-fjärrgren>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Den aktuella grenen %s har ingen uppströmsgren.\n"
+"För att sända aktuell gren och ange fjärrarkiv som uppström använder du\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "Den aktuella grenen %s har flera uppströmsgrenar, vägrar sända."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Du sänder till fjärren \"%s\", som inte är uppströms för den\n"
+"aktuella grenen \"%s\", utan att tala om för mig vad som\n"
+"skall sändas för att uppdatera fjärrgrenen."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:205
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+"to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+"\n"
+"Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+"behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+"remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"push.default har inte ställts in; dess underförstådda värde\n"
+"ändras i Git 2.0 från \"matching\" till \"simple\". För att\n"
+"undertrycka det här meddelandet och behålla traditionellt beteende\n"
+"skriver du:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"För att undertrycka meddelandet och välja det nya beteendet nu skriver du:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"När push.default är satt till \"matching\" kommer git att sända lokala "
+"grenar\n"
+"till fjärrgrenar som redan finns och som har samma namn.\n"
+"\n"
+"Git 2.0 kommer som standard välja den mer konservativa inställningen\n"
+"\"simple\", vilket bara sänder in den aktuella grenen till den motsvarande\n"
+"fjärrgren \"git pull\" använder för att uppdatera den aktuella grenen.\n"
+"\n"
+"Se \"git help config\" och sök efter \"push.default\" för ytterligare \n"
+"information. (Läget \"simple\" introducerades i Git 1.7.11. Använd det\n"
+"liknande läget \"current\" istället för \"simple\" om du ibland använder\n"
+"äldre versioner av Git.)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:272
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Du angav inga referensspecifikationer att sända, och push.default är "
+"\"nothing\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:279
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på din befintliga gren är bakom\n"
+"dess fjärrmotsvarighet. Integrera fjärrändringarna (t.ex\n"
+"\"git pull ....\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forward\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på en gren som sänds in är bakom dess\n"
+"fjärrmotsvarighet. Checka ut grenen och integrera fjärrändringarna (t.ex.\n"
+"\"git pull ...\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forward\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdateringar avvisades då fjärren innehåller ändringar som du inte\n"
+"har lokalt. Det beror oftast på att ett annat arkiv har sänt in samma\n"
+"referenser. Det kan vara en idé att först integrera fjärrändringarna\n"
+"(t.ex. \"git pull ...\") innan du sänder igen.\n"
+"Se avsnittet \"Note about fast-forwards\" i \"git push --help\" för detaljer."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:298
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Uppdateringarna avvisades eftersom taggen redan finns på fjärren."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:301
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Du kan inte uppdatera en fjärr-referens som pekar på ett objekt som\n"
+"inte är en incheckning, eller uppdatera en fjärr-referens så att den\n"
+"pekar på något som inte är en incheckning, utan att använda flaggan\n"
+"\"--force\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Sänder till %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "misslyckades sända vissa referenser till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:394
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "felaktigt arkiv \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/push.c:395
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ingen destination har angivits.\n"
+"Ange antingen URL:en på kommandoraden eller ställ in ett uppströmsarkiv med\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <namn> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"och sänd sedan med hjälp av fjärrnamnet\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <namn>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:410
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all och --tags är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:411
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all kan inte kombineras med referensspecifikationer"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:416
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror och --tags är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:417
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror kan inte kombineras med referensspecifikationer"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:422
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all och --mirror är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:502
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:503
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "sänd alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:504
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "spegla alla referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "ta bort referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "sänd taggar (kan inte användas med --all eller --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "tvinga uppdateringar"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:512
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "refnamn>:<förvänta"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "kräv att ref:s tidigare värde är detta"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "styr rekursiv insändning av undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:518
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "använd tunna paket"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519 builtin/push.c:520
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "program för att ta emot paket"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "ställ in uppström för git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "ta bort lokalt borttagna referenser"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:526
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "förbigå pre-push-krok"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "sänd in saknade men relevanta taggar"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "GPG-signera insändningen"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "begär atomiska transaktioner på fjärrsidan"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:539
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete är inkompatibel med --all, --mirror och --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:541
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete kan inte användas utan referenser"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<fil>] (--empty | <träd-igt1> [<träd-igt2> [<träd-igt3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "skriv resulterande index till <fil>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "töm bara indexet"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "utför en sammanslagning i tillägg till en läsning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "3-vägssammanslagning om sammanslagning på filnivå ej krävs"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "3-vägssammanslagning när det finns tillägg och borttagningar"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "som -m, men kasta bort ej sammanslagna poster"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<underkatalog>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "läs in trädet i indexet under <underkatalog>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "uppdatera arbetskatalogen med resultatet från sammanslagningen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "tillåt explicit ignorerade filer att skrivas över"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "kontrollera inte arbetskatalogen efter sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "uppdatera inte indexet eller arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "hoppa över att applicera filter för gles utcheckning"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "felsök unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "\"%s\" för \"%s\" är inte en giltig tidsstämpel"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:546 builtin/reflog.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte en giltig tidsstämpel"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <gren>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <namn> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:33
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <gammal> <ny>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:38
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:43
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <gren>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<grupp> | <fjärr>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <namn> <gren>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <namn> <nyurl> [<gammalurl>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <namn> <nyurl>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:71
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <namn> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:28
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<flaggor>] <namn> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <namn> <gren>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <namn> <gren>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:54
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<flaggor>] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:59
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<flaggor>] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:64
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<flaggor>] [<grupp> | <fjärr>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Uppdaterar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:120
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror är farlig och föråldrad; använd\n"
+"\t --mirror=fetch eller --mirror=push istället"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "okänt argument till mirror: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:153
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "hämta fjärrgrenarna"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:155
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "importera alla taggar och associerade objekt vid hämtning"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:158
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "eller hämta inte några taggar alls (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:160
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "gren(ar) att spåra"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "huvudgren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:162
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "ställ in arkiv som spegel att sända eller ta emot från"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:175
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "att ange en master-gren ger ingen mening med --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:177
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "att ange grenar att spåra ger mening bara med hämtningsspeglar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187 builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "fjärrarkivet %s finns redan."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:191 builtin/remote.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt namn på fjärrarkiv"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:235
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa master \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte hämta mappning för referensspecifikation %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:436 builtin/remote.c:444
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(matchande)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(ta bort)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:592 builtin/remote.c:598 builtin/remote.c:604
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte tillämpa \"%s\" på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:636 builtin/remote.c:795 builtin/remote.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Inget sådant fjärrarkiv: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte byta namn på konfigurationssektionen \"%s\" till \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:659 builtin/remote.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort konfigurationssektionen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Uppdaterar inte icke-standard hämtningsreferensspecifikation\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tUppdatera konfigurationen manuellt om nödvändigt."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte lägga till på \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:691
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte sätta \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:713
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades skapa \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort grenen %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:833
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Observera: En gren utanför hierarkin refs/remotes/ togs inte bort;\n"
+"för att ta bort den, använd:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"Observera: Några grenar utanför hierarkin refs/remotes/ togs inte bort;\n"
+"för att ta bort dem, använd:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " ny (nästa hämtning sparar i remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:951
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " spårad"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:953
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " förlegad (använd \"git remote prune\" för att ta bort)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:955
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "ogiltig branch.%s.merge; kan inte ombasera över > 1 gren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "ombaseras på fjärren %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1006
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " sammanslås med fjärren %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1007
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    och med fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "sammanslås med fjärren %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1010
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   och med fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1056
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "skapa"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1059
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "ta bort"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1063
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "àjour"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1066
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "kan snabbspolas"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1069
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "lokal föråldrad"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1076
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s tvingar till %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1079
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s sänder till %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s tvingar till %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s sänder till %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "fråga inte fjärrar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* fjärr %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  Hämt-URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1183 builtin/remote.c:1334
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(ingen URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1192 builtin/remote.c:1194
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  Sänd-URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1196 builtin/remote.c:1198 builtin/remote.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  HEAD-gren: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1202
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  HEAD-gren (HEAD på fjärr är tvetydig, kan vara en av följande):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Fjärrgren:%s"
+msgstr[1] "  Fjärrgrenar:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1217 builtin/remote.c:1244
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (status inte förfrågad)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1226
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokal gren konfigurerad för \"git pull\":"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokala grenar konfigurerade för \"git pull\":"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1234
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  Lokala referenser speglas av \"git push\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1241
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Lokal referens konfigurerad för \"git push\"%s:"
+msgstr[1] "  Lokala referenser konfigurerade för \"git push\"%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1262
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "sätt refs/remotes/<namn>/HEAD enligt fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1264
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "ta bort refs/remotes/<namn>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1279
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte bestämma HEAD på fjärren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "Flera HEAD-grenar på fjärren. Välj en explicit med:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Inte en giltig referens: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ställa in %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1319
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s kommer bli dinglande!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s har blivit dinglande!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1330
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Rensar %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1331
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1354
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [skulle rensa] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1357
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [rensad] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1402
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "rensa fjärrar efter hämtning"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1468 builtin/remote.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Ingen sådan fjärr \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1488
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "lägg till gren"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "ingen fjärr angavs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1517
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "manipulera URL:ar för sändning"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1519
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "lägg till URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "ta bort URL:ar"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1528
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete ger ingen mening"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Felaktig gammalt URL-mönster: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1576
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Ingen sådan URL hittades: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1578
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Kommer inte ta bort alla icke-sänd-URL:er"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1592
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "var pratsam; måste skrivas före ett underkommando"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<flaggor>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "packa allt i ett enda paket"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "samma som -a, och gör onåbara objekt lösa"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "ta bort överflödiga paket, och kör git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "sänd --no-reuse-delta till git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "sänd --no-reuse-object till git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "kör inte git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "sänd --local till git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "skriv bitkartindex"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "cirkadatum"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "med -A, lös inte upp objekt äldre än detta"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "storlek på fönster använt för deltakomprimering"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "byte"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "samma som ovan, men begränsa minnesstorleken istället för postantal"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "begränsa maximalt deltadjup"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "maximal storlek på varje paketfil"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "packa om objekt i paket märkta med .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "misslyckades ta bort \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <objekt> <ersättning>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <objekt>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <incheckning> [<förälder>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <objekt>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<mönster>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Objektnamnet är inte giltigt: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "felaktig sammanslagningstagg i incheckningen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "felformad sammanslagningstagg i incheckningen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"den ursprungliga incheckningen \"%s\" innehåller sammanslagningstaggen \"%s"
+"\" som har förkastats; använd --edit istället för --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "den ursprungliga incheckningen \"%s\" har en gpg-signatur."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "signaturen kommer att tas bort i ersättningsincheckningen!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva ersättningsincheckning för: \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "visa ersättningsreferenser"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "ta bort ersättningsreferenser"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "redigera befintligt objekt"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "ändra en inchecknings föräldrar"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "ersätt referensen om den finns"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "använd inte snygg visning av innehåll för --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "använd detta format"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "registrera rena lösningar i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<incheckning>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <träd-igt> [--] <sökvägar>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<träd-igt>] [--] [<sökvägar>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "blandad"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "mjuk"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "hård"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "sammanslagning"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "behåll"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Du har inte en giltig HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta träder för HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Kunde inte hitta träder för %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD är nu på %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Kan inte utföra en %s återställning mitt i en sammanslagning."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "var tyst, rapportera endast fel"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "återställ HEAD och index"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "återställ endast HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "återställ HEAD, index och arbetskatalog"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "återställ HEAD men behåll lokala ändringar"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "registrera endast att borttagna sökvägar kommer läggas till senare"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som en giltig revision."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:308 builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "Kan inte tolka objektet \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Kunde inte slå upp \"%s\" som ett giltigt träd."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch är inkompatibel med --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed rekommenderas inte med sökvägar; använd \"git reset -- <sökvägar>\"."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Kan inte göra %s återställning med sökvägar."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "%s återställning tillåts inte i ett naket arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N kan endast användas med --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Oköade ändringar efter återställning:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Kunde inte återställa indexfilen till versionen \"%s\"."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Kunde inte skriva ny indexfil."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:361
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<argument>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:366
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "behåll \"--\" sänt som argument"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "sluta tolka efter första argument som inte är flagga"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:371
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "utdata fast i lång form"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<flaggor>] -- [<argument>...]\n"
+"     eller: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<argument>...]\n"
+"     eller: git rev-parse [<flaggor>] [<argument>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Kör \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" för mer information om den första "
+"varianten."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<flaggor>] <incheckning-igt>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <underkommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<flaggor>] <incheckning-igt>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <underkommando>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s kan inte användas med %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "avsluta revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "återuppta revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "avbryt revert- eller cherry-pick-sekvens"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "checka inte in automatiskt"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "redigera incheckningsmeddelandet"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "nummer på förälder"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "sammanslagningsstrategi"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "alternativ"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "alternativ för sammanslagningsstrategi"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "lägg till incheckningsnamn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "tillåt snabbspolning"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "behåll incheckningar som börjar som tomma"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "tillåt incheckningar med tomt meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "behåll redundanta, tomma incheckningar"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "programfel"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "\"revert\" misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "\"cherry-pick\" misslyckades"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<flaggor>] [--] <fil>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"följande undermodul (eller en av dess nästlade undermoduler)\n"
+"använder en .git-katalog:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"följande undermoduler (eller en av deras nästlade undermoduler)\n"
+"använder en .git-katalog:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"följande fil har köat innehåll som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD:"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"följande filer har köat innehåll som skiljer sig både från filen och HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(använd -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "följande fil har ändringar köade i indexet:"
+msgstr[1] "följande filer har ändringar köade i indexet:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga borttagning)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "följande fil har lokala ändringar:"
+msgstr[1] "följande filer har lokala ändringar:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "lista inte borttagna filer"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "ta bara bort från indexet"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "överstyr àjour-testet"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "tillåt rekursiv borttagning"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "avsluta med nollstatus även om inget träffades"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Köa dina ändringar i .gitmodules eller använd \"stash\" för att fortsätta"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "tar inte bort \"%s\" rekursivt utan -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: kan inte ta bort %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<flaggor>] [<versionsintervall>] [[--] <sökväg>...]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Författare saknas: %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "sortera utdata enligt antal incheckningar per författare"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Undertryck beskrivningar, visa bara antal incheckningar"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Visa e-postadress för varje författare"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Radbryt utdata"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<när>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <mönster>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:13
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<bas>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "visa fjärrspårande och lokala grenar"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "visa fjärrspårande grenar"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "färga \"*!+-\" enligt grenen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "visa <n> ytterligare incheckningar efter gemensam anfader"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "synonym till more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "undertyck namnsträngar"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "inkludera aktuell gren"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "namnge incheckningar med deras objektnamn"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "visa möjliga sammanslagningsbaser"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "visa referenser som inte kan nås från någon annan referens"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "visa incheckningar i topologisk ordning"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "visa endast incheckningar inte på den första grenen"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "visa sammanslagningar som endast kan nås från en spets"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "sortera topologiskt, behåll datumordning när möjligt"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:681
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<bas>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:682
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "visa <n> nyaste refloggposter med början på bas"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<mönster>...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=mönster] < reflista"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar (kan kombineras med huvuden)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "visa endast huvuden (kan kombineras med taggar)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "striktare referenskontroll, kräver exakt referenssökväg"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "visa HEAD-refrens, även när den skulle filtreras ut"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "avreferera taggar till objekt-id"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "visa SHA1-hash endast med <n> siffror"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "visa inte resultat på standard ut (användbart med --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "visa referenser från standard in som inte finns i lokalt arkiv"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<flaggor>] <namn> [<ref>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <namn>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr ""
+"undertryck felmeddelanden för icke-symboliska (frånkopplade) referenser"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "ta bort symbolisk referens"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "förkorta ref-utdata"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "skäl"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "skäl till uppdateringen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <nyckel-id>] [-f] [-m <medd> | -F <fil>] <taggnamn> "
+"[<huvud>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <taggnamn>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<antal>]] [--contains <incheckning>] [--points-at <objekt>]\n"
+"\t\t[<mönster>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <taggnamn>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "felformat objekt vid \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:301
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "taggnamnet för långt: %.*s..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "taggen \"%s\" hittades inte."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Tog bort tagg \"%s\" (var %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "kunde inte bekräfta taggen \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Skriv ett meddelande för taggen:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" ignoreras.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Skriv ett meddelande för taggen:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Rader som inleds med \"%c\" kommer behållas; du kan själv ta bort dem om\n"
+"du vill.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+msgstr "sorteringsangivelsen \"%s\" stöds ej"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+msgstr "sorteringsangivelsen \"%s\" i variabeln \"%s\" stöds ej"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:428
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "kunde inte signera taggen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:430
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "kunde inte skriva tagg-filen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "felaktig objekttyp"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "tagghuvud för stort."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "inget taggmeddelande?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:510
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Taggmeddelandet har lämnats i %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "flaggan \"points-at\" behöver ett objekt"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "felformat objektnamn \"%s\""
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:589
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "lista taggnamn"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:591
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "visa <n> rader från varje taggmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:593
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "ta bort taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:594
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "verifiera taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:596
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för att skapa taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:598
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "annoterad tagg, behöver meddelande"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:600
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "taggmeddelande"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:602
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "annoterad och GPG-signerad tagg"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:606
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "använd annan nyckel för att signera taggen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:607
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "ersätt taggen om den finns"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:609
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Alternativ för listning av taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:610
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "lista taggar i spalter"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "sort tags"
+msgstr "sortera taggar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:617 builtin/tag.c:623
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar som innehåller incheckningen"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:629
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "visa endast taggar för objektet"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:655
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column och -n är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:667
+msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--sort och -n är inkompatibla"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:674
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Flaggan -n är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:676
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Flaggan --contains är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:678
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "Flaggan --points-at är endast tillåten tillsammans med -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:686
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "endast en av flaggorna -F eller -m tillåts."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:706
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "för många parametrar"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:712
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "\"%s\" är inte ett giltigt taggnamn."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "taggen \"%s\" finns redan"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Uppdaterad tagg \"%s\" (var %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:489
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Packar upp objekt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:403
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<flaggor>] [--] [<fil>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "fortsätt uppdatera även när index inte är àjour"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "refresh: ignorera undermoduler"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "ignorera inte nya filer"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "låt filer ersätta kataloger och omvänt"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "lägg märke till filer som saknas i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "uppdatera även om indexet innehåller ej sammanslagna poster"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "uppdatera statusinformation"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "som --refresh, men ignorera assume-unchanged-inställning"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<läge>,<objekt>,<sökväg>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "lägg till angiven post i indexet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:786
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "överstyr exekveringsbiten för angivna filer"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "markera filer som \"ändras inte\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "rensa \"assume-unchanged\"-biten"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "markera filer som \"endast index\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:799
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "töm \"skip-worktree\"-biten"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:802
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "lägg endast till indexet; lägg inte till innehållet i objektdatabasen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:804
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "ta bort namngivna sökvägar även om de finns i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:806
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "med --stdin: indatarader termineras med null-byte"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:808
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "läs lista över sökvägar att uppdatera från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:812
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "lägg poster från standard in till indexet"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:816
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "återfyll etapp 2 och 3 från angivna sökvägar"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:820
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "uppdatera endast poster som skiljer sig från HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:824
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "ignorera filer som saknas i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:827
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "rapportera åtgärder på standard ut"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:829
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(för porslin) glöm sparade olösta konflikter"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:833
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "skriv index i detta format"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:835
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "aktivera eller inaktivera delat index"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<flaggor>] -d <refnamn> [<gammaltvärde>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<flaggor>]    <refnamn> <gammaltvärde> [<nyttvärde>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<flaggor>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:359
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "ta bort referensen"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:361
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "uppdatera <refnamn> inte det den pekar på"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "standard in har NUL-terminerade argument"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "läs uppdateringar från standard in"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "uppdatera informationsfilerna från grunden"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <incheckning>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:75
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "visa innehåll för incheckning"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <paket>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "pratsam"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "visa endast statistik"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tagg>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "visa innehåll för tag"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<prefix>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "visa trädobjekt för underkatalogen <prefix>"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "endast användbart vid felsökning"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:267
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "skriv felsökningsmeddelanden på standard fel"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"\"git help -a\" och \"git help -g\" visar tillgängliga underkommandon och\n"
+"några konceptvägledningar. Se \"git help <kommando>\" eller \"git help\n"
+"<koncept>\" för att läsa mer om specifika underkommandon och koncept."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Lägg filinnehåll till indexet"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Binärsök för att hitta ändringen som introducerade ett fel"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Visa, skapa eller ta bort grenar"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "Checka ut en gren eller filer i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Klona ett arkiv till en ny katalog"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Protokollför ändringar i arkivet"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "Visa ändringar mellan incheckningar, med arbetskatalogen, osv"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Hämta objekt och referenser från annat arkiv"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "Visa rader som motsvarar mönster"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Skapa tomt Git-arkiv eller ominitiera ett befintligt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Visa incheckningsloggar"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Slå ihop två eller flera utvecklingshistorier"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Flytta eller byt namn på en fil, katalog eller symbolisk länk"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Hämta från och integrera med annat arkiv eller en lokal gren"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Uppdatera fjärr-referenser och tillhörande objekt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr "Framåtanpassa lokala kommandon på uppdaterat uppströmshuvud"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Återställ aktuell HEAD till angivet tillstånd"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Ta bort filer från arbetskatalogen och från indexet"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Visa olika sorters objekt"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Visa status för arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Skapa, visa, ta bort eller verifiera GPG-signerat taggobjekt"
+
+#: parse-options.h:143
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "giltig-till"
+
+#: parse-options.h:158
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "ingen funktion (bakåtkompatibilitet)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "var mer pratsam"
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "var mer tyst"
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "använd <n> siffror för att visa SHA-1:or"
+
+#: rerere.h:27
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr "uppdatera indexet med återanvänd konfliktlösning om möjligt"
+
+#: git-am.sh:53
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "Du måste ställa in din incheckarinformation först"
+
+#: git-am.sh:98
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Du verkar ha flyttat HEAD sedan \"am\" sist misslyckades.\n"
+"Återställer inte till ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: git-am.sh:108
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"När du har löst problemet kör du \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:124
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "Kan inte falla tillbaka på trevägssammanslagning."
+
+#: git-am.sh:140
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Arkivet saknar objekt som behövs för att falla tillbaka på 3-"
+"vägssammanslagning."
+
+#: git-am.sh:142
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "Använder indexinfo för att återskapa ett basträd..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:157
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Har du handredigerat din patch?\n"
+"Den kan inte tillämpas på blobbar som antecknats i dess index."
+
+#: git-am.sh:166
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr ""
+"Faller tillbaka på att patcha grundversionen och trevägssammanslagning..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:182
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Misslyckades slå ihop ändringarna."
+
+#: git-am.sh:277
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Endast en StGIT-patchserie kan tillämpas åt gången"
+
+#: git-am.sh:364
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "Patchformatet $patch_format stöds inte."
+
+#: git-am.sh:366
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Misslyckades detektera patchformat."
+
+#: git-am.sh:398
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Flaggan -b/--binary har varit utan funktion länge, och\n"
+"kommer tas bort. Vi ber dig att inte använda den längre."
+
+#: git-am.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr "tidigare rebase-katalog $dotest finns fortfarande, men mbox angavs."
+
+#: git-am.sh:501
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Bestäm dig. --skip eller --abort?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Kvarbliven katalog $dotest hittades.\n"
+"Använd \"git am --abort\" för att ta bort den."
+
+#: git-am.sh:545
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Lösningsoperation pågår inte, vi återupptar inte."
+
+#: git-am.sh:612
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr "Smutsigt index: kan inte tillämpa patchar (smutsiga: $files)"
+
+#: git-am.sh:722
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Patchen är tom. Delades den upp felaktigt?\n"
+"Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:749
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "Patchen har inte någon giltig e-postadress."
+
+#: git-am.sh:796
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"kan inte vara interaktiv om standard in inte är ansluten till en terminal."
+
+#: git-am.sh:800
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Incheckningskroppen är:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:807
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr "Tillämpa? Y=ja/N=nej/E=redigera/V=visa patch/A=godta alla "
+
+#: git-am.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Tillämpar: $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:864
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Inga ändringar - glömde du använda \"git add\"?\n"
+"Om det inte är något kvar att köa kan det hända att något annat redan\n"
+"introducerat samma ändringar; kanske du bör hoppa över patchen."
+
+#: git-am.sh:872
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Du har fortfarande sökvägar som inte slagits samman i ditt index\n"
+"glömde du använda \"git add\"?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:888
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Inga ändringar -- Patchen har redan tillämpats."
+
+#: git-am.sh:898
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Patchen misslyckades vid $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"En kopia av patchen som misslyckades finns i:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:919
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "tillämpar på en tom historik"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Du måste starta med \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Vill du att jag ska göra det åt dig [Y=ja/N=nej]?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "flaggan känns inte igen: \"$arg\""
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "\"$arg\" verkar inte vara en giltig revision"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "Felaktigt HEAD - Jag behöver ett HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades checka ut \"$start_head\". Försök \"git bisect reset "
+"<giltig_gren>\""
+
+# cogito-relaterat
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "kör inte \"bisect\" på träd där \"cg-seek\" använts"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "Felaktigt HEAD - konstig symbolisk referens"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Felaktigt argument till bisect_write: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Felaktig rev-indata: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Anropa \"bisect_state\" med minst ett argument."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Felaktig rev-indata: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:253
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "\"git bisect bad\" kan bara ta ett argument."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:276
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "Varning: utför \"bisect\" med endast en dålig incheckning"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:282
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Är du säker [Y=ja/N=nej]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Du måste ange åtminstone en bra och en dålig version.\n"
+"(Du kan använda \"git bisect bad\" och \"git bisect good\" för detta.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:295
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Du måste starta med \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Du måste sedan ange åtminstone en bra och en dålig version.\n"
+"(Du kan använda \"git bisect bad\" och \"git bisect good\" för detta.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:366 git-bisect.sh:493
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Vi utför ingen bisect för tillfället."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:373
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "\"$invalid\" är inte en giltig incheckning"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:382
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Kunde inte checka ut original-HEAD \"$branch\".\n"
+"Försök \"git bisect reset <incheckning>\"."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:409
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Ingen loggfil angiven"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:410
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "kan inte läsa $file för uppspelning"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? vad menar du?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:439
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "kör $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:446
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"\"bisect\"-körningen misslyckades:\n"
+"felkod $res från \"$command\" är < 0 eller >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:472
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "\"bisect\"-körningen kan inte fortsätta längre"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:478
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"\"bisect\"-körningen misslyckades:\n"
+"\"bisect_state $state\" avslutades med felkoden $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:485
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "\"bisect\"-körningen lyckades"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Du kan inte göra en \"pull\" då du har ändringar som inte checkats in.\n"
+"Rätta dem i din arbetskatalog och använd sedan \"git add/rm <fil>\"\n"
+"där det är lämpligt för att ange lösning och checka in."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr "Du kan inte göra en \"pull\" då du har ändringar som inte checkats in."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Du har inte avslutat sammanslagningen (MERGE_HEAD finns).\n"
+"Checka in dina ändringar innan du kan slå ihop."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:245
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr "uppdaterar en ofödd gren med ändringar som lagts till i indexet"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:269
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+"Varning: fetch uppdaterade huvudet för aktuell gren.\n"
+"Varning: snabbspolar din arbetskatalog från\n"
+"Varning: incheckningen $orig_head."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:294
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop flera grenar i ett tomt huvud."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:298
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "Kan inte utföra en \"rebase\" ovanpå flera grenar"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"När du har löst problemet kör du \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Om du vill hoppa över patchen kör du istället \"git rebase --skip\".\n"
+"För att återställa originalgrenen och avbryta kör du \"git rebase --abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Tillämpade autostash."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Kan inte spara $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:169
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tillämpning av autostash gav konflikter.\n"
+"Dina ändringar är säkra i stashen.\n"
+"Du kan när som helst använda \"git stash pop\" eller \"git stash drop\".\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:208
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Kroken pre-rebase vägrade ombaseringen."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:213
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "Det verkar som en git-am körs. Kan inte ombasera."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:351
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "Flaggan --exec måste användas tillsammans med flaggan --interactive"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:356
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Ingen ombasering pågår?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:367
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "Åtgärden --edit-todo kan endast användas under interaktiv ombasering."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:374
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Kan inte läsa HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:377
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Du måste redigera alla sammanslagningskonflikter och\n"
+"därefter markera dem som lösta med git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Kunde inte flytta tillbaka till $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:414
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Det verkar som katalogen $state_dir_base redan existerar, och\n"
+"jag undrar om du redan är mitt i en annan ombasering. Om så är\n"
+"fallet, försök\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Om så inte är fallet, kör\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"och kör programmet igen. Jag avslutar ifall du fortfarande har\n"
+"något av värde där."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "ogiltig uppström $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: mer än en sammanslagningsbas finns"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:492 git-rebase.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ingen sammanslagningsbas finns"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Peka på en giltig incheckning: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "ödesdigert: ingen sådan gren: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Kan inte utföra \"autostash\""
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Skapade autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:566
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Checka in eller använd \"stash\" på dem."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:586
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Aktuell gren $branch_name är à jour."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:590
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "Aktuell gren $branch_name är à jour, ombasering framtvingad."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:601
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Ändringar från $mb till $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:610
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr ""
+"Först, spolar tillbaka huvudet för att spela av ditt arbete ovanpå det..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:620
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "Snabbspolade $branch_name till $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr "\"git stash clear\" med parametrar har inte implementerats"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Du har inte den första incheckningen ännu"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Kan inte spara aktuellt tillstånd för indexet"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Kan inte spara aktuellt tillstånd för arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Inga ändringar valda"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort temporärt index (kan inte inträffa)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Kan inte registrera tillstånd för arbetskatalog"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:191
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Kan inte uppdatera $ref_stash med $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:238
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"fel: felaktig flagga för \"stash save\": $option\n"
+"     För att ange ett meddelande, använd git stash save -- \"$option\""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:259
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Inga lokala ändringar att spara"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:263
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Kan inte initiera \"stash\""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:267
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Kan inte spara aktuell status"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:285
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort ändringar i arbetskatalogen"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:384
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Ingen \"stash\" hittades."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:391
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "För många revisioner angivna: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:397
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference är inte en giltig referens"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:425
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "\"$args\" är inte en \"stash\"-liknande incheckning"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:436
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "\"$args\" är inte en \"stash\"-referens"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:444
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "kan inte uppdatera indexet"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:448
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Kan inte tillämpa en \"stash\" mitt i en sammanslagning"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Konflikter i indexet. Testa utan --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:458
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Kunde inte spara indexträd"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Kan inte ta bort ändrade filer ur kön"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:507
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Indexet har inte tagits ur kön."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:530
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Kastade ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Kunde inte kasta \"stash\"-post"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:539
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Inget grennamn angavs"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:611
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(För att återställa dem, skriv \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "kan inte ta bort en komponent från url:en \"$remoteurl\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Hittade ingen undermodulmappning i .gitmodules för sökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:287
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "Misslyckades klona \"$url\" till undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:296
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr "Gitkatalog \"$a\" ingår i undermodulsökvägen \"$b\" eller omvänt"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "Relativ sökväg kan endast användas från arbetskatalogens toppnivå"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:416
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr "arkiv-URL: \"$repo\" måste vara absolut eller börja med ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:433
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "\"$sm_path\" finns redan i indexet"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Följande sökvägar ignoreras av en av dina .gitignore-filer:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Använd -f om du verkligen vill lägga till den"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:455
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Lägger till befintligt arkiv i \"$sm_path\" i indexet"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:457
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "\"$sm_path\" finns redan och är inte ett giltigt git-arkiv"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "En git-katalog för \"$sm_name\" hittades lokalt med fjärr(ar):"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr ""
+"För att återanvända den lokala git-katalogen istället för att på nytt klona "
+"från"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"använd flaggan \"--force\". Om den lokala git-katalogen inte är riktigt arkiv"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"eller om du är osäker på vad det innebär, välj nytt namn med flaggan \"--name"
+"\"."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:472
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "Aktiverar lokal git-katalog för undermodulen \"$sm_name\" på nytt."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka ut undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades lägga till undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:498
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades registrera undermodulen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:542
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Går in i \"$prefix$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Stoppar på \"$prefix$displaypath\"; skriptet returnerade en status skild "
+"från noll."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:608
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Hittade ingen url för undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\" i .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades registrera url för undermodulsökväg \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) registrerad för sökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades registrera uppdateringsläge för undermodulsökväg \"$displaypath"
+"\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Använd \".\" om du verkligen vill avinitiera alla undermoduler"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\" innehåller katalogen \".git\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\" har lokala ändringar; \"-f\" "
+"kastar bort dem"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:701
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Rensade katalogen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:702
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte ta bort undermodulens arbetskatalog \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:705
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kunde inte skapa tom undermodulskatalog \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:714
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulen \"$name\" ($url) avregistrerad för sökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:830
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Undermodulen \"$displaypath\" har inte initierats\n"
+"Kanske du vill köra \"update --init\"?"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hitta aktuell revision i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:852
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:876
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte checka ut \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:891
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": checkade ut \"$sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:895
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte ombasera \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:896
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": ombaserade in i \"$sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Kan inte slå ihop \"$sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:902
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\": sammanslagen i \"$sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:907
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Misslyckades köra \"$command $sha1\" i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:908
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\": \"$command $sha1\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:938
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$displaypath\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1046
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "Flaggan --cached kan inte användas med flaggan --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1098
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "oväntat läge $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1118
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningen $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1121
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningen $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Varning: $display_name innehåller inte incheckningarna $sha1_src och "
+"$sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1149
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1267
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$sm_path\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1331
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Synkroniserar undermodul-url för \"$displaypath\""
+
+#~ msgid "server does not support --atomic push"
+#~ msgstr "servern stöder inte push med --atomic"
+
+#~ msgid "(detached from %s)"
+#~ msgstr "(frånkopplad från %s)"
+
+#~ msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Hittade ingen befintlig författare med \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "search also in ignored files"
+#~ msgstr "sök även i ignorerade filer"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <gren>)"
+
+#~ msgid "no files added"
+#~ msgstr "inga filer har lagts till"
+
+#~ msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+#~ msgstr "tvinga skapande (när den redan finns)"
+
+#~ msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Felaktig indragningssträng: \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "slot"
+#~ msgstr "plats"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+#~ msgstr "Misslyckades låsa referens för uppdatering"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to write ref"
+#~ msgstr "Misslyckades skriva referens"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock HEAD during fast_forward_to"
+#~ msgstr "Misslyckades låsa HEAD under \"fast_forward_to\""
+
+#~ msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktig incheckning: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte låsa HEAD-referens"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte uppdatera HEAD-referens"
+
+#~ msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Felaktigt %s: \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte läsa aktuell katalog (cwd)"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: kan inte låsa referensen"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: kan inte uppdatera referensen"
+
+#~ msgid "commit has empty message"
+#~ msgstr "incheckningen har ett tomt meddelande"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte byta katalog (chdir): %s"
+
+#~ msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Spårning har inte ställts in: namnet för långt: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte hitta .gitmodules i indexet"
+
+#~ msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "misslyckades läsa uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte ta status på uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte ta bort .gitmodules från indexet"
+
+#~ msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "misslyckades lägga till uppdaterad .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "bug"
+#~ msgstr "programfel"
+
+#~ msgid "ahead "
+#~ msgstr "före "
+
+#~ msgid ", behind "
+#~ msgstr ", efter "
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+#~ "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+#~ "anymore.\n"
+#~ "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+#~ "directory.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Beteendet för \"git add %s (eller %s)\" utan sökvägsargument från en\n"
+#~ "underkatalog i ett träd kommer ändras i Git 2.0 och bör inte längre "
+#~ "användas.\n"
+#~ "För att lägga till innehållet för hela trädet, använd:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (eller git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "För att begränsa kommandot till aktuell katalog, använd:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (eller git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "I nuvarande version av Git begränsas kommandot till aktuell katalog.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+#~ "whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you "
+#~ "removed.\n"
+#~ "Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+#~ "removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+#~ "  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Du körde \"git add\" utan varken \"-A (--all)\" eller \"--ignore-removal"
+#~ "\".\n"
+#~ "Beteendet kommer ändras i Git 2.0 vad gäller sökvägar du tagit bort.\n"
+#~ "Sökvägar som \"%s\", som har\n"
+#~ "tagits bort från din arbetskatalog ignoreras i den här versionen av Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* \"git add --ignore-removal <sökväg>\", som är förvalet just nu,\n"
+#~ "  ignorerar sökvägar du har tagit bort från arbetskatalogen.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* \"git add --all <sökväg>\" låter dig även registrera borttagningarna.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Kör \"git status\" för att kontrollera sökvägarna du tagit bort från\n"
+#~ "arbetskatalogen.\n"
+
+#~ msgid "key id"
+#~ msgstr "nyckel-id"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+#~ "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Packar arkivet automatiskt för optimal prestanda. Du kan även\n"
+#~ "köra \"git gc\" manuellt. Se \"git help gc\" för mer information.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+#~ "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+#~ "specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration "
+#~ "variable\n"
+#~ "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Uppdateringar avvisades då änden på en insänd gren är bakom dess\n"
+#~ "fjärrmotsvarighet. Om det inte var meningen att sända in grenen, bör\n"
+#~ "du specificera grenar att sända, eller ändra inställningsvariabeln\n"
+#~ "\"push-default\" till \"simple\", \"current\" eller \"upstream\" för att "
+#~ "endast\n"
+#~ "sända aktuell gren."
+
+#~ msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "kopierad:   %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "deleted:    %s"
+#~ msgstr "borttagen:  %s"
+
+#~ msgid "modified:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "ändrad:     %s"
+
+#~ msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "namnbyte:   %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "osammansl.: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "sökvägar avdelas med null-tecken"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed "
+#~ "by stash save:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Följande ospårade ändringar skulle INTE sparas utan måste tas bort med "
+#~ "\"stash save\":"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Avbryter. Överväg att använda antingen flaggan --force eller --include-"
+#~ "untracked."
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (rätta konflikter och kör sedan \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (alla konflikter har rättats: kör \"git commit\")"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "mer än %d träd angavs: \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Du kan inte kombinera --no-ff med --ff-only."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "undermodulen \"%s\" (eller en av dess undermoduler) använder en .git-"
+#~ "katalog\n"
+#~ "(använd \"rm -rf\" om du verkligen vill ta bort den och all dess historik)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "\"%s\" har köade ändringar i indexet\n"
+#~ "(använd --cached för att behålla filen eller -f för att tvinga "
+#~ "borttagning)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr "visa incheckningar där ingen förälder kommer före dess barn"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "visa HEAD-referensen"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Kan inte hämta i undermodulsökväg \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Misslyckades rekursera in i undermodulsökvägen \"$prefix$sm_path\""
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "Det tog %.2f sekunder att räkna ospårade filer. \"status -uno\""
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr "kanske gör det snabbare, men du måste vara försiktig så att du"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "inte glömmer lägga till filer själv (se \"git help status\")"
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-flaggor] [--] [<incheckning-id>... ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se \"git help <kommando>\" för mer information om ett specifikt kommando."
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "använd alla referenser i .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "använd alla taggar i .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktigt objekt %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "felaktig incheckarinformation %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte öppna (fdopen) \"show\"-utdata-filhandtag"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "kunde inte stänga röret till \"show\" för objektet \"%s\""
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Du har ingen giltig HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "hoppsan"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Skulle inte ta bort %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Tar inte bort %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte läsa indexet"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <namn> (-a | -d | <gren>])"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 filer ändrade"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d fil ändrad"
+#~ msgstr[1] " %d filer ändrade"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d tillägg(+)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d tillägg(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d borttagning(-)"
+#~ msgstr[1] ", %d borttagningar(-)"
+
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr " (spåra med \"git add\")"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detcah kan inte användas med -b/-B/--orphan"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach kan inte användas med -t"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan och -b|-B kan inte användas samtidigt"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan kan inte användas med -t"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: -f och -m är inkompatibla"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git checkout: uppdatera sökvägar är inkompatibelt med att växla gren."
+
+#~ msgid "diff setup failed"
+#~ msgstr "misslyckades sätta upp för diff"
+
+#~ msgid "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+#~ msgstr "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+
+#~ msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done misslyckades"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+#~ msgstr "%s: har tagits bort/ändrat namn"
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+#~ msgstr "\"%s\": inte en dokumentationskatalog."
+
+#~ msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#~ msgstr "Flaggan -d stöds inte lägre. Använd inte."
+
+#~ msgid "cherry-pick"
+#~ msgstr "cherry-pick"
+
+#~ msgid "Please enter the commit message for your changes."
+#~ msgstr "Ange ett incheckningsmeddelande för dina ändringar."
+
+#~ msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte extrahera e-postadress från incheckarens identitet."
+
+#~ msgid "--"
+#~ msgstr "--"
+
+#~ msgid "# Changed but not updated:"
+#~ msgstr "# Ändrade men inte uppdaterade:"
+
+#~ msgid "path '%s' does not have all 3 versions"
+#~ msgstr "sökvägen \"%s\" har inte alla 3 versionerna"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: we do not like '%s' as a branch name."
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: vi tycker inte om \"%s\" som namn på en gren."
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: branch %s already exists"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: grenen %s finns redan"
+
+#~ msgid "Paths with --interactive does not make sense."
+#~ msgstr "Kan inte ange sökvägar med --interactive."
+
+#~ msgid "No HEAD commit to compare with (yet)"
+#~ msgstr "Ingen HEAD-incheckning att jämföra med (ännu)"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot mix --fixed-strings and regexp"
+#~ msgstr "kan inte blanda --fixed-strings och reguljära uttryck"
+
+#~ msgid "%s; will overwrite!"
+#~ msgstr "%s; kommer skriva över!"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to write current notes tree to database"
+#~ msgstr "Kunde inte skriva aktuellt anteckningsträd till databasen"
diff --git a/po/vi.po b/po/vi.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..956be5a167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/po/vi.po
@@ -0,0 +1,11609 @@
+# Vietnamese translation for GIT-CORE.
+# Bản dịch tiếng Việt dành cho GIT-CORE.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the git-core package.
+# Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>, 2012.
+# Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: git v2.4.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-04-03 08:13+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-04-03 08:51+0700\n"
+"Last-Translator: Trần Ngọc Quân <vnwildman@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Vietnamese <translation-team-vi@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
+"Language: vi\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+"X-Language-Team-Website: <http://translationproject.org/team/vi.html>\n"
+"X-Poedit-SourceCharset: UTF-8\n"
+"X-Poedit-Basepath: ../\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.5\n"
+
+#: advice.c:55
+#, c-format
+msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
+msgstr "gợi ý: %.*s\n"
+
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Sửa chúng trong cây làm việc,\n"
+"và sau đó dùng lệnh “git add/rm <tập-tin>”\n"
+"dành riêng cho việc đánh dấu cần giải quyết và tạo lần chuyển giao."
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tree-ish> [<đường-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <kho> [--exec <lệnh>] [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tree-ish> "
+"[<đường-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <kho> [--exec <lệnh>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:342 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:427 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "đặc tả đường dẫn “%s” không khớp với bất kỳ tập tin nào"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "định_dạng"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "định dạng lưu trữ"
+
+#: archive.c:428 builtin/log.c:1204
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "tiền_tố"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "nối thêm tiền tố vào từng đường dẫn tập tin trong kho lưu"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2516
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517 builtin/config.c:57 builtin/fast-export.c:986
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988 builtin/grep.c:712 builtin/hash-object.c:101
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446 builtin/ls-files.c:449 builtin/notes.c:394
+#: builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "tập_tin"
+
+#: archive.c:431 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "ghi kho lưu vào tập tin này"
+
+#: archive.c:433
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "đọc .gitattributes trong thư mục làm việc"
+
+#: archive.c:434
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "liệt kê các tập tin được lưu trữ vào stderr (đầu ra lỗi tiêu chuẩn)"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "chỉ lưu (không nén)"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "nén nhanh hơn"
+
+#: archive.c:444
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "nén nhỏ hơn"
+
+#: archive.c:447
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "liệt kê các kiểu nén được hỗ trợ"
+
+#: archive.c:449 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "kho"
+
+#: archive.c:450 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "nhận kho nén từ kho chứa <kho> trên máy chủ"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:478
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "lệnh"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "đường dẫn đến lệnh git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
+
+#: attr.c:264
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"Các mẫu dạng phủ định bị cấm dùng cho các thuộc tính của git\n"
+"Dùng “\\!” cho các chuỗi văn bản có dấu chấm than dẫn đầu."
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "Chưa cài đặt nhánh %s như là thượng nguồn của nó."
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi nhánh máy chủ %s từ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi nhánh máy chủ %s từ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi nhánh nội bộ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi nhánh nội bộ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi nhánh máy chủ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi tham chiếu máy chủ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi vết tham chiếu nội bộ %s bằng cách rebase."
+
+#: branch.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "Nhánh %s cài đặt để theo dõi tham chiếu nội bộ %s."
+
+#: branch.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "Không theo dõi: thông tin chưa rõ ràng cho tham chiếu %s"
+
+#: branch.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "“%s” không phải là một tên nhánh hợp lệ."
+
+#: branch.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "Đã có nhánh mang tên “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:175
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "Không thể ép buộc cập nhật nhánh hiện hành."
+
+#: branch.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cài đặt thông tin theo dõi; điểm bắt đầu “%s” không phải là một "
+"nhánh."
+
+#: branch.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "nhánh thượng nguồn đã yêu cầu “%s” không tồn tại"
+
+#: branch.c:199
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định “cải tổ” công việc của bạn trên nhánh thượng nguồn\n"
+"(upstream) cái mà đã sẵn có trên máy chủ, bạn cần chạy\n"
+"lệnh \"git fetch\" để lấy nó về.\n"
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định đẩy lên lên một nhánh nội bộ mới cái mà\n"
+"sẽ theo dõi bản đối chiếu máy chủ của nó, bạn cần dùng lệnh\n"
+"\"git push -u\" để đặt cấu hình thượng nguồn bạn muốn push."
+
+#: branch.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Không phải tên đối tượng hợp lệ: “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "Tên đối tượng chưa rõ ràng: “%s”."
+
+#: branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "Nhánh không hợp lệ: “%s”."
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "“%s” không giống như tập tin v2 bundle (định dạng dump của git)"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "phần đầu không được thừa nhận: %s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở “%s”"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "Kho chứa thiếu những lần chuyển giao tiên quyết này:"
+
+#: bundle.c:163 sequencer.c:650 sequencer.c:1105 builtin/blame.c:2705
+#: builtin/branch.c:659 builtin/commit.c:1045 builtin/log.c:330
+#: builtin/log.c:823 builtin/log.c:1432 builtin/log.c:1669 builtin/merge.c:358
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "cài đặt việc di chuyển qua các điểm xét duyệt gặp lỗi"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Bundle chứa %d tham chiếu:"
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "Lệnh bundle ghi lại toàn bộ lịch sử."
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "Lệnh bundle yêu cầu %d tham chiếu này:"
+
+#: bundle.c:251
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "Không thể sản sinh đối tượng gói"
+
+#: bundle.c:269
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "đối tượng gói đã chết"
+
+#: bundle.c:309
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list đã chết"
+
+#: bundle.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "th.chiếu “%s” bị loại trừ bởi các tùy chọn rev-list"
+
+#: bundle.c:437 builtin/log.c:153 builtin/log.c:1342 builtin/shortlog.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "đối số không được thừa nhận: %s"
+
+#: bundle.c:443
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "Từ chối tạo một bundle trống rỗng."
+
+#: bundle.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “%s”"
+
+#: bundle.c:474
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "mục lục gói đã chết"
+
+#: color.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "giá trị màu không hợp lệ: %.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not parse %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích cú pháp %s"
+
+#: commit.c:42
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
+msgstr "%s %s không phải là một lần chuyển giao!"
+
+#: compat/obstack.c:406 compat/obstack.c:408
+msgid "memory exhausted"
+msgstr "hết bộ nhớ"
+
+#: config.c:474 config.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config file line %d in %s"
+msgstr "tập tin cấu hình sai tại dòng %d trong %s"
+
+#: config.c:592
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s"
+msgstr "sai giá trị bằng số của cấu hình “%s” cho “%s” trong %s: %s"
+
+#: config.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "sai giá trị bằng số của cấu hình “%s” cho “%s”: %s"
+
+#: config.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi mở rộng thư mục người dùng trong: “%s”"
+
+#: config.c:757 config.c:768
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "mức nén zlib %d là sai"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "chế độ không hợp lệ đối với việc tạo đối tượng: %s"
+
+#: config.c:1216
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích cấu hình dòng lệnh"
+
+#: config.c:1277
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "đã có lỗi chưa biết xảy ra trong khi đọc các tập tin cấu hình"
+
+#: config.c:1601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích “%s” từ cấu hình dòng lệnh"
+
+#: config.c:1603
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "sai biến cấu hình “%s” trong tập tin “%s” tại dòng %d"
+
+#: config.c:1662
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s có đa giá trị"
+
+#: connected.c:69
+msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
+msgstr "Không thể chạy “git rev-list”"
+
+#: connected.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi vào rev-list: %s"
+
+#: connected.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đầu vào chuẩn stdin của rev-list: %s"
+
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "trong tương lai"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu giây trước"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu phút trước"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu giờ trước"
+
+#: date.c:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu ngày trước"
+
+#: date.c:128
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu tuần trước"
+
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu tháng trước"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu năm"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s, %lu tháng trước"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu năm trước"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đọc tập-tin-thứ-tự “%s”"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:536
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "Đang thực hiện dò tìm đổi tên không chính xác"
+
+#: diff.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Gặp lỗi khi phân tích dirstat cắt bỏ phần trăm “%s”\n"
+
+#: diff.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  Không hiểu đối số dirstat “%s”\n"
+
+#: diff.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "Không hiểu giá trị cho biến cấu hình “diff.submodule”: “%s”"
+
+#: diff.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Tìm thấy các lỗi trong biến cấu hình “diff.dirstat”:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:2956
+#, c-format
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "phần mềm diff ở bên ngoài đã chết, dừng tại %s"
+
+#: diff.c:3351
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow cần chính xác một đặc tả đường dẫn"
+
+#: diff.c:3514
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy chọn --dirstat/-X:\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: diff.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích đối số tùy chọn --submodule: “%s”"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:129 gpg-interface.c:200
+msgid "could not run gpg."
+msgstr "không thể chạy gpg."
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:141
+msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
+msgstr "gpg đã không chấp nhận dữ liệu"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:152
+msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
+msgstr "gpg gặp lỗi khi ký dữ liệu"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin tạm thời “%s”: %s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi chữ ký đính kèm vào “%s”: %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
+msgstr "“%s”: không thể đọc %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1735
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': %s"
+msgstr "“%s”: %s"
+
+#: grep.c:1746
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': short read %s"
+msgstr "“%s”: đọc ngắn %s"
+
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn có trong thư mục “%s”:"
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "các lệnh git sẵn có từ một nơi khác trong $PATH của bạn"
+
+#: help.c:230
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "Những lệnh git hay được dùng nhất là:"
+
+#: help.c:289
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
+"able to execute it. Maybe git-%s is broken?"
+msgstr ""
+"“%s” trông như là một lệnh git, nhưng chúng tôi không\n"
+"thể thực thi nó. Có lẽ là lệnh git-%s đã bị hỏng?"
+
+#: help.c:346
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "Ối chà. Hệ thống của bạn báo rằng chẳng có lệnh Git nào cả."
+
+#: help.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"CẢNH BÁO: Bạn đã gọi lệnh Git có tên “%s”, mà nó lại không có sẵn.\n"
+"Tiếp tục và coi rằng ý bạn là “%s”"
+
+#: help.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "trong %0.1f giây một cách tự động…"
+
+#: help.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git: “%s” không phải là một lệnh của git. Xem “git --help”."
+
+#: help.c:384 help.c:444
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"Có phải ý bạn là một trong số những cái này không?"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:283
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+msgstr "LỖI: mở lại tập tin khóa mà nó lại đang được mở"
+
+#: lockfile.c:285
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+msgstr "LỖI: mở lại tập tin khóa mà nó đã được chuyển giao"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đọc bộ nhớ đệm"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/checkout.c:374 builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/clone.c:662
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "(commit sai)\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "addinfo_cache gặp lỗi đối với đường dẫn “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xây dựng cây"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:688
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo đường dẫn “%s”%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "Gỡ bỏ %s để tạo chỗ (room) cho thư mục con\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:713 merge-recursive.c:734
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr ": có lẽ là một xung đột D/F?"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "từ chối đóng tập tin không được theo dõi tại “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng %s “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "đối tượng blob được mong đợi cho %s “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:789 builtin/clone.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo liên kết mềm (symlink) “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:800
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "không hiểu phải làm gì với %06o %s “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:938
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thực hiện trộn nội bộ"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "Không thể thêm %s vào cơ sở dữ liệu"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:958
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "kiểu đối tượng không được hỗ trợ trong cây (tree)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1033 merge-recursive.c:1047
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (%s/xóa): %s bị xóa trong %s và %s trong %s. Phiên bản %s của %s "
+"còn lại trong cây (tree)."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1039 merge-recursive.c:1052
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (%s/xóa): %s bị xóa trong %s và %s trong %s. Phiên bản %s của %s "
+"còn lại trong cây (tree) tại %s."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "đổi tên"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "đã đổi tên"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s là một thư mục trong %s thay vào đó thêm vào như là %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (đổi-tên/đổi-tên): Đổi tên \"%s\"->\"%s\" trong nhánh \"%s\" đổi "
+"tên \"%s\"->\"%s\" trong \"%s\"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1176
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr " (cần giải quyết)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1230
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (đổi-tên/đổi-tên): Đổi tên %s->%s trong %s. Đổi tên %s->%s trong %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "Đang đổi tên %s thành %s thay vì %s thành %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1459
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (đổi-tên/thêm): Đổi tên %s->%s trong %s. %s được thêm vào trong %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "Thêm hòa trộn %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1474 merge-recursive.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "Thay vào đó thêm vào %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1525
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1528
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "đối tượng %s không phải là một blob"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "sửa đổi"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "đã sửa"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1586
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "nội dung"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1593
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "thêm/thêm"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1627
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "Đã bỏ qua %s (đã có sẵn lần hòa trộn này)"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1641
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "Tự-động-hòa-trộn %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1645 git-submodule.sh:1150
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "mô-đun-con"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "XUNG ĐỘT (%s): Xung đột hòa trộn trong %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1732
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "Đang xóa %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1757
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "tập-tin/thư-mục"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1763
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "thư-mục/tập-tin"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr ""
+"XUNG ĐỘT (%s): Ở đây không có thư mục nào có tên %s trong %s. Thêm %s như là "
+"%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1778
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "Thêm \"%s\""
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1795
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "Việc hòa trộn hỏng nghiêm trọng, không nên để xảy ra."
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1814
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "Đã cập nhật rồi!"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1823
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "hòa trộn cây (tree) %s và %s gặp lỗi"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn chưa được xử lý??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1901
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "Đang trộn:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1914
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "tìm thấy %u tổ tiên chung:"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1951
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "hòa trộn không trả về lần chuyển giao nào"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2008
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích đối tượng “%s”"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2019 builtin/merge.c:667
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "Không thể ghi bảng mục lục"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể chuyển giao cây ghi chú chưa được khởi tạo hoặc không được tham "
+"chiếu"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Giá trị notes.rewriteMode sai: “%s”"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "Từ chối ghi đè ghi chú trong %s (nằm ngoài refs/notes/)"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "Giá trị %s sai: “%s”"
+
+#: object.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng: “%s”"
+
+#: parse-options.c:546
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "…"
+
+#: parse-options.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "cách dùng: %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "     hoặc: %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:605
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-SỐ"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr ""
+"các cài đặt đặc tả đường dẫn “glob” và “noglob” toàn cục là xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr ""
+"cài đặt đặc tả đường dẫn “literal” toàn cục là xung khắc với các cài đặt đặc "
+"tả đường dẫn toàn cục khác"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "tham số không hợp lệ cho “tiền tố” màu nhiệm đặc tả đường đẫn"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Số màu nhiệm đặc tả đường dẫn không hợp lệ “%.*s” trong “%s”"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "Thiếu “)” tại cuối của số màu nhiệm đặc tả đường dẫn trong “%s”"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "Chưa viết mã cho số màu nhiệm đặc tả đường dẫn “%c” trong “%s”"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s: “literal” và “glob” xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s: “%s” ngoài một kho chứa"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "Đặc tả đường dẫn “%s” thì ở trong mô-đun-con “%.*s”"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s: số mầu nhiệm đặc tả đường dẫn chưa được hỗ trợ bởi lệnh này: %s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:432
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "đặc tả đường dẫn “%s” vượt ra ngoài liên kết mềm"
+
+#: pathspec.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ở đây không có gì bị loại trừ bởi: các mẫu (loại trừ).\n"
+"Có lẽ bạn đã quên thêm hoặc là “:/” hoặc là “.”?"
+
+#: pretty.c:968
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích định dạng --pretty"
+
+#: progress.c:225
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "xong"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"index.version được đặt, nhưng giá trị của nó lại không hợp lệ.\n"
+"Dùng phiên bản %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1285
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION được đặt, nhưng giá trị của nó lại không hợp lệ.\n"
+"Dùng phiên bản %i"
+
+#: remote.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy về cả %s và %s cho %s"
+
+#: remote.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s thường theo dõi %s, không phải %s"
+
+#: remote.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s theo dõi cả %s và %s"
+
+#: remote.c:798
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "Lỗi nội bộ"
+
+#: remote.c:1980
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh của bạn dựa trên cơ sở là “%s”, nhưng trên thượng nguồn không còn.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1984
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "   (dùng \" git branch --unset-upstream\" để sửa)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1987
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh của bạn đã cập nhật với “%s”.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1991
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
+msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
+msgstr[0] "Nhánh của bạn đứng trước “%s” %d lần chuyển giao.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1997
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git push\" để xuất bản các lần chuyển giao nội bộ của bạn)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2000
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nhánh của bạn đứng đằng sau “%s” %d lần chuyển giao, và có thể được fast-"
+"forward.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2008
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git pull\" để cập nhật nhánh nội bộ của bạn)\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2011
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commit each, respectively.\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
+"and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Nhánh của bạn và “%s” bị phân kỳ,\n"
+"và có %d và %d lần chuyển giao khác nhau cho từng cái,\n"
+"tương ứng với mỗi lần.\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2021
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git pull\" để hòa trộn nhánh trên máy chủ vào trong nhánh của "
+"bạn)\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2348
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent xung khắc với --bisect"
+
+#: run-command.c:83
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi mở “/dev/null”"
+
+#: run-command.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "dup2(%d,%d) gặp lỗi"
+
+#: send-pack.c:272
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ký chứng thực đẩy"
+
+#: send-pack.c:356
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "kết thúc nhận không hỗ trợ đẩy --signed"
+
+#: send-pack.c:366
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "kết thúc nhận không hỗ trợ đẩy --atomic"
+
+#: sequencer.c:172 builtin/merge.c:782 builtin/merge.c:893 builtin/merge.c:995
+#: builtin/merge.c:1005
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
+msgstr "Không thể mở “%s” để ghi"
+
+#: sequencer.c:174 builtin/merge.c:344 builtin/merge.c:785 builtin/merge.c:997
+#: builtin/merge.c:1010
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi vào “%s”"
+
+#: sequencer.c:195
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"sau khi giải quyết các xung đột, đánh dấu đường dẫn đã sửa\n"
+"với lệnh “git add <đường_dẫn>” hoặc “git rm <đường_dẫn>”"
+
+#: sequencer.c:198
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"and commit the result with 'git commit'"
+msgstr ""
+"sau khi giải quyết các xung đột, đánh dấu đường dẫn đã sửa\n"
+"với lệnh “git add <đường_dẫn>” hoặc “git rm <đường_dẫn>”\n"
+"và chuyển giao kết quả bằng lệnh “git commit”"
+
+#: sequencer.c:211 sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not write to %s"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi vào %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
+msgstr "Lỗi bao bọc %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:229
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
+msgstr "Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn có thể bị ghi đè bởi lệnh cherry-pick."
+
+#: sequencer.c:231
+msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
+msgstr "Các thay đổi nội bộ của bạn có thể bị ghi đè bởi lệnh revert."
+
+#: sequencer.c:234
+msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
+msgstr "Chuyển giao các thay đổi của bạn hay tạm cất (stash) chúng để xử lý."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
+#: sequencer.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "%s: Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
+#: sequencer.c:339
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "Không thể phân giải commit (lần chuyển giao) HEAD\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:359
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "Không thể cập nhật cây bộ nhớ đệm\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích lần chuyển giao %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "Không thể phân tích lần chuyển giao cha mẹ “%s”\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:482
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "Tập tin lưu mục lục của bạn không được hòa trộn."
+
+#: sequencer.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s là một lần hòa trộn nhưng không đưa ra tùy chọn -m."
+
+#: sequencer.c:509
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s không có cha mẹ %d"
+
+#: sequencer.c:513
+#, c-format
+msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Luồng chính đã được chỉ ra nhưng lần chuyển giao %s không phải là một lần "
+"hòa trộn."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
+#. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
+#: sequencer.c:526
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
+msgstr "%s: không thể phân tích lần chuyển giao mẹ của %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy ghi chú lần chuyển giao cho %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:616
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
+msgstr "không thể revert %s… %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:617
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
+msgstr "không thể áp dụng miếng vá %s… %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:653
+msgid "empty commit set passed"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao trống rỗng đặt là hợp quy cách"
+
+#: sequencer.c:661
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
+msgstr "git %s: gặp lỗi đọc bảng mục lục"
+
+#: sequencer.c:665
+#, c-format
+msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
+msgstr "git %s: gặp lỗi khi làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
+
+#: sequencer.c:725
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
+msgstr "Không thể %s trong khi %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse line %d."
+msgstr "Không phân tích được dòng %d."
+
+#: sequencer.c:752
+msgid "No commits parsed."
+msgstr "Không có lần chuyển giao nào được phân tích."
+
+#: sequencer.c:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open %s"
+msgstr "Không thể mở %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read %s."
+msgstr "Không thể đọc %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:776
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Bảng chỉ thị không thể dùng được: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:806
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid key: %s"
+msgstr "Khóa không đúng: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
+msgstr "Giá trị không hợp lệ %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
+msgstr "Bảng tùy chọn dị hình: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:842
+msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
+msgstr "có một thao tác “cherry-pick” hoặc “revert” đang được thực hiện"
+
+#: sequencer.c:843
+msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+msgstr "hãy thử \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
+
+#: sequencer.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục xếp dãy %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:863 sequencer.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
+msgstr "Lỗi bao bọc %s."
+
+#: sequencer.c:882 sequencer.c:1018
+msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
+msgstr "không cherry-pick hay revert trong tiến trình"
+
+#: sequencer.c:884
+msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
+msgstr "không thể phân giải HEAD"
+
+#: sequencer.c:886
+msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "không thể hủy bỏ từ một nhánh mà nó còn chưa được tạo ra"
+
+#: sequencer.c:908 builtin/apply.c:4288
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
+msgstr "không thể mở %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:911
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
+msgstr "không thể đọc %s: %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:912
+msgid "unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "gặp kết thúc tập tin đột xuất"
+
+#: sequencer.c:918
+#, c-format
+msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
+msgstr "tập tin HEAD “pre-cherry-pick” đã lưu “%s” bị hỏng"
+
+#: sequencer.c:941
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not format %s."
+msgstr "Không thể định dạng “%s”."
+
+#: sequencer.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s: không thể cherry-pick một %s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s: điểm xét duyệt sai"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1123
+msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
+msgstr "Không thể revert một lần chuyển giao khởi tạo"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1124
+msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
+msgstr "Không thể cherry-pick vào một đầu (head) trống rỗng"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git thường không bao giờ tạo tham chiếu mà nó kết thúc với 40 ký tự hex\n"
+"bởi vì nó sẽ bị bỏ qua khi bạn chỉ định 40-hex. Những tham chiếu này\n"
+"có lẽ được tạo ra bởi một sai sót nào đó. Ví dụ,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse …)\n"
+"\n"
+"với \"$br\" không hiểu lý do vì sao trống rỗng và một tham chiếu 40-hex được "
+"tạo ra.\n"
+"Xin hãy kiểm tra những tham chiếu này và có thể xóa chúng đi. Tắt lời nhắn "
+"này\n"
+"bằng cách chạy lệnh \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1068
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD không chỉ đến một nhánh nào cả"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "Không có nhánh nào như thế: “%s”"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1073
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Không có thượng nguồn được cấu hình cho nhánh “%s”"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh thượng nguồn “%s” không được lưu lại như là một nhánh “remote-tracking”"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể thay đổi .gitmodules chưa hòa trộn, hãy giải quyết xung đột trộn "
+"trước"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy phần trong .gitmodules nơi mà đường_dẫn=%s"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "Không thể cập nhật mục .gitmodules %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ mục .gitmodules dành cho %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tổ chức .gitmodules đã cập nhật"
+
+#: submodule.c:1109 builtin/init-db.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo liên kết git “%s”"
+
+#: submodule.c:1120
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "Không thể đặt “core.worktree” trong “%s”."
+
+#: trailer.c:491 trailer.c:495 trailer.c:499 trailer.c:553 trailer.c:557
+#: trailer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "không hiểu giá trị “%s” cho khóa “%s”"
+
+#: trailer.c:543 trailer.c:548 builtin/remote.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "nhiều hơn một %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:581
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "thẻ thừa trống rỗng trong phần thừa “%.*s”"
+
+#: trailer.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "không đọc được tập tin đầu vào “%s”"
+
+#: trailer.c:704
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "không thể đọc từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:202
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "Đang lấy ra các tập tin"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "tên lược đồ URL không hợp lệ, hoặc thiếu hậu tố “://”"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "thoát chuỗi %XX không hợp lệ"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "thiếu máy chủ và lược đồ thì không phải là giao thức “file:”"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "URL kiểu “file:” không được chứa cổng"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "có các ký tự không hợp lệ trong tên máy"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "tên cổng không hợp lệ"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "đoạn đường dẫn “..” không hợp lệ"
+
+#: wrapper.c:523
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập “%s”: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập “%s”"
+
+#: wrapper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "không tìm thấy người dùng hiện tại trong tập tin passwd: %s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:556
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "không có người dùng như vậy"
+
+#: wrapper.c:564
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy thư mục làm việc hiện hành"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
+msgid "Unmerged paths:"
+msgstr "Những đường dẫn chưa được hòa trộn:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git reset %s <tập-tin>…\" để bỏ ra khỏi bệ phóng)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
+msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git rm --cached <tập-tin>…\" để bỏ ra khỏi bệ phóng)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git add <tập-tin>…\" để đánh dấu là cần giải quyết)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>…\" như là một cách thích hợp để đánh dấu là "
+"cần được giải quyết)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git rm <tập-tin>…\" để đánh dấu là cần giải quyết)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:878
+msgid "Changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Những thay đổi sẽ được chuyển giao:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:887
+msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
+msgstr "Các thay đổi chưa được đặt lên bệ phóng để chuyển giao:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:220
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git add <tập-tin>…\" để cập nhật những gì sẽ chuyển giao)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:222
+msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git add/rm <tập-tin>…\" để cập nhật những gì sẽ được chuyển giao)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:223
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git checkout -- <tập-tin>…\" để loại bỏ các thay đổi trong thư mục "
+"làm việc)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:225
+msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (chuyển giao hoặc là loại bỏ các nội dung chưa được theo dõi hay đã sửa "
+"chữa trong mô-đun-con)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng \"git %s <tập-tin>…\" để thêm vào những gì cần được chuyển giao)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:252
+msgid "both deleted:"
+msgstr "bị xóa bởi cả hai:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:254
+msgid "added by us:"
+msgstr "được thêm vào bởi chúng ta:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:256
+msgid "deleted by them:"
+msgstr "bị xóa đi bởi họ:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:258
+msgid "added by them:"
+msgstr "được thêm vào bởi họ:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:260
+msgid "deleted by us:"
+msgstr "bị xóa bởi chúng ta:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:262
+msgid "both added:"
+msgstr "được thêm vào bởi cả hai:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:264
+msgid "both modified:"
+msgstr "bị sửa bởi cả hai:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "lỗi: không thể tiếp nhận trạng thái chưa hòa trộn %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "tập tin mới:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "đã chép:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "đã xóa:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "đã sửa:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "đã đổi tên:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "đổi-kiểu:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "không hiểu:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "chưa hòa trộn:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:370
+msgid "new commits, "
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao mới, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:372
+msgid "modified content, "
+msgstr "nội dung bị sửa đổi, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:374
+msgid "untracked content, "
+msgstr "nội dung chưa được theo dõi, "
+
+#: wt-status.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "lỗi: không thể tiếp nhận trạng thái lệnh diff %c"
+
+#: wt-status.c:753
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "Những mô-đun-con đã bị thay đổi nhưng chưa được cập nhật:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "Những mô-đun-con thay đổi đã được chuyển giao:"
+
+#: wt-status.c:835
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"Không động đến đường ở trên.\n"
+"Mọi thứ phía dưới sẽ được xóa bỏ."
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "Bạn có những đường dẫn chưa được hòa trộn."
+
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột rồi chạy \"git commit\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "Tất cả các xung đột đã được giải quyết nhưng bạn vẫn đang hòa trộn."
+
+#: wt-status.c:955
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git commit\" để hoàn tất việc hòa trộn)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:965
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "Bạn đang ở giữa của một phiên “am”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:968
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "Miếng vá hiện tại bị trống rỗng."
+
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:974
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --skip\" để bỏ qua miếng vá này)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git am --abort\" để phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên thủy)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1036 wt-status.c:1053
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc “rebase” nhánh “%s” trên “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1041 wt-status.c:1058
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc “rebase” (“cải tổ”)."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1044
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh “cải tổ” \"git rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1046
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng lệnh “cải tổ” \"git rebase --skip\" để bỏ qua lần vá này)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1048
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (dùng lệnh “cải tổ” \"git rebase --abort\" để check-out nhánh nguyên thủy)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1061
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh “cải tổ” \"git rebase --"
+"continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1065
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc chia tách một lần chuyển giao trong khi "
+"đang “rebase” nhánh “%s” trên “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1070
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện tại đang cắt đôi một lần chuyển giao trong khi đang thực hiện việc "
+"rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1073
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (Một khi thư mục làm việc của bạn đã gọn gàng, chạy lệnh “cải tổ” \"git "
+"rebase --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc sửa chữa một lần chuyển giao trong khi đang "
+"rebase nhánh “%s” trên “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1082
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện đang sửa một lần chuyển giao trong khi bạn thực hiện rebase."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1085
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git commit --amend\" để “tu bổ” lần chuyển giao hiện tại)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1087
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr ""
+"  (chạy lệnh “cải tổ” \"git rebase --continue\" một khi bạn cảm thấy hài "
+"lòng về những thay đổi của mình)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1097
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện việc cherry-pick lần chuyển giao %s."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1102
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git cherry-pick --"
+"continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1107
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git cherry-pick --abort\" để hủy bỏ thao tác cherry-pick)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1116
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện thao tác revert lần chuyển giao “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1121
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr ""
+"  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git revert --continue\")"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1126
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git revert --abort\" để hủy bỏ thao tác revert)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1137
+#, c-format
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay đang thực hiện thao tác di chuyển nửa bước (bisect), bắt đầu từ "
+"nhánh “%s”."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1141
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "Bạn hiện tại đang thực hiện việc bisect (di chuyển nửa bước)."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1144
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  (dùng \"git bisect reset\" để quay trở lại nhánh nguyên thủy)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1321
+msgid "On branch "
+msgstr "Trên nhánh "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1328
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "rebase đang được thực hiện: lên trên "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1333
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "HEAD được tách rời tại "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1335
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "HEAD được tách rời từ "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1338
+msgid "Not currently on any branch."
+msgstr "Hiện tại chẳng ở nhánh nào cả."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1355
+msgid "Initial commit"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao khởi tạo"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1369
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "Những tập tin chưa được theo dõi"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1371
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "Những tập tin bị lờ đi"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1375
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"Cần %.2f giây để liệt kê tất cả các tập tin chưa được theo dõi. “status -"
+"uno”\n"
+"có lẽ làm nó nhanh hơn, nhưng bạn phải cẩn thận đừng quên mình phải\n"
+"tự thêm các tập tin mới (xem “git help status”.."
+
+#: wt-status.c:1381
+#, c-format
+msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
+msgstr "Những tập tin chưa được theo dõi không được liệt kê ra %s"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1383
+msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
+msgstr " (dùng tùy chọn -u để hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1389
+msgid "No changes"
+msgstr "Không có thay đổi nào"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1394
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào để chuyển giao (dùng \"git add\" và/hoặc "
+"\"git commit -a\")\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1397
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "không có thay đổi nào được thêm vào để chuyển giao\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao nhưng có những tập tin chưa được "
+"theo dõi hiện diện (dùng \"git add\" để đưa vào theo dõi)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1403
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì được thêm vào lần chuyển giao nhưng có những tập tin chưa được "
+"theo dõi hiện diện\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì để chuyển giao (tạo/sao-chép các tập tin và dùng \"git add\" để "
+"đưa vào theo dõi)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1409 wt-status.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1412
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr ""
+"không có gì để chuyển giao (dùng -u xem các tập tin chưa được theo dõi)\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "không có gì để chuyển giao, thư mục làm việc sạch sẽ\n"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1525
+msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
+msgstr "HEAD (không nhánh)"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1531
+msgid "Initial commit on "
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao khởi tạo trên "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1563
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "đã ra đi"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1565 wt-status.c:1573
+msgid "behind "
+msgstr "đằng sau "
+
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi bỏ liên kết (unlink) “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<các-tùy-chọn>] [--]  <pathspec>…"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
+msgstr "trạng thái lệnh diff không như mong đợi %c"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:277
+msgid "updating files failed"
+msgstr "Cập nhật tập tin gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "remove '%s'\n"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ “%s”\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:134
+msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
+msgstr ""
+"Đưa ra khỏi bệ phóng các thay đổi sau khi làm tươi mới lại bảng mục lục:"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:785
+msgid "Could not read the index"
+msgstr "Không thể đọc bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
+msgstr "Không thể mở “%s” để ghi."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:209
+msgid "Could not write patch"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi ra miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thông tin thống kê về “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:216
+msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
+msgstr "Miếng vá trống rỗng. Nên bỏ qua."
+
+#: builtin/add.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể áp dụng miếng vá “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:231
+msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Các đường dẫn theo sau đây sẽ bị lờ đi bởi một trong các tập tin .gitignore "
+"của bạn:\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:248 builtin/clean.c:876 builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/mv.c:110
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/push.c:508 builtin/remote.c:1372
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "chạy thử"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/apply.c:4577 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1322 builtin/count-objects.c:63 builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:1617 builtin/mv.c:109 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "chi tiết"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:251
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "sửa bằng cách tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:1126 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "chọn “hunks” theo kiểu tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "sửa diff hiện nay và áp dụng nó"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "cho phép thêm các tập tin bị bỏ qua khác"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin được theo dõi"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "chỉ ghi lại sự việc mà đường dẫn sẽ được thêm vào sau"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr ""
+"thêm các thay đổi từ tất cả các tập tin có cũng như không được theo dõi dấu "
+"vết"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:260
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr ""
+"lờ đi các đường dẫn bị gỡ bỏ trong cây thư mục làm việc (giống với --no-all)"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:262
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "không thêm, chỉ làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "chie bỏ qua những tập tin mà nó không thể được thêm vào bởi vì gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr ""
+"kiểm tra xem - thậm chí thiếu - tập tin bị bỏ qua trong quá trình chạy thử"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
+msgstr "Sử dụng tùy chọn -f nếu bạn thực sự muốn thêm chúng vào.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:293
+msgid "adding files failed"
+msgstr "thêm tập tin gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:329
+msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
+msgstr "-A và -u xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:336
+msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn --ignore-missing chỉ có thể được dùng cùng với --dry-run"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
+msgstr "Không có gì được chỉ ra, không có gì được thêm vào.\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
+msgstr "Có lẽ ý bạn là “git add .” phải không?\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:363 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:920
+#: builtin/commit.c:335 builtin/mv.c:130 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:299
+msgid "index file corrupt"
+msgstr "tập tin ghi bảng mục lục bị hỏng"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:446 builtin/apply.c:4675 builtin/mv.c:279 builtin/rm.c:431
+msgid "Unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<miếng-vá>…]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra tùy chọn về khoảng trắng “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra tùy chọn bỏ qua khoảng trắng “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:822
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể chuẩn bị biểu thức chính qui dấu vết thời gian (timestamp regexp) "
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:831
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "thi hành biểu thức chính quy trả về %d cho đầu vào: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "không thể tìm thấy tên tập tin trong miếng vá tại dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr ""
+"git apply: git-diff sai - cần /dev/null, nhưng lại nhận được %s trên dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - tên tập tin mới không nhất quán trên dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - tên tập tin cũ không nhất quán trên dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply: git-diff sai - cần “/dev/null” trên dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1419
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "chi tiết: dòng không cần: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "miếng vá phân mảnh mà không có phần đầu tại dòng %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1493
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"phần đầu diff cho git  thiếu thông tin tên tập tin khi gỡ bỏ đi %d trong "
+"thành phần dẫn đầu tên của đường dẫn (dòng %d)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "tập tin mới phụ thuộc vào nội dung cũ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "tập tin đã xóa vẫn còn nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "miếng vá hỏng tại dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "tập tin mới %s phụ thuộc vào nội dung cũ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "tập tin đã xóa %s vẫn còn nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** cảnh báo: tập tin %s trở nên trống rỗng nhưng không bị xóa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân sai hỏng tại dòng %d: %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được nhận ra tại dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2051
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "vá chỉ với “rác” tại dòng %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2141
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "không thể đọc liên kết mềm %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "không thể mở hay đọc %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2778
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "sai khởi đầu dòng: “%c”"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "Khối dữ liệu #%d thành công tại %d (offset %d dòng)."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "Nội dung bị giảm xuống còn (%ld/%ld) để áp dụng mảnh dữ liệu tại %d"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2915
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"trong khi đang tìm kiếm cho:\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "thiếu dữ liệu của miếng vá định dạng nhị phân cho “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3036
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "miếng vá định dạng nhị phân không được áp dụng cho “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3042
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr ""
+"vá nhị phân cho “%s” tạo ra kết quả không chính xác (mong chờ %s, lại nhận "
+"%s)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3063
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi vá: %s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3187
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "không thể lấy ra %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3232 builtin/apply.c:3243 builtin/apply.c:3288
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "đọc %s gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3240
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "đọc từ “%s” vượt ra ngoài liên kết mềm"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3268 builtin/apply.c:3490
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "đường dẫn %s đã bị xóa hoặc đổi tên"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3349 builtin/apply.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s: không tồn tại trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3353 builtin/apply.c:3496 builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3358 builtin/apply.c:3512
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s: không khớp trong mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3460
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "loại bỏ miếng vá để lại nội dung tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3529
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s: sai kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3531
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s có kiểu %o, cần %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3690 builtin/apply.c:3692
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "đường dẫn không hợp lệ “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s: đã có từ trước trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s: đã sẵn có trong thư mục đang làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3770
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "chế độ mới (%o) của %s không khớp với chế độ cũ (%o)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3775
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "chế độ mới (%o) của %s không khớp với chế độ cũ (%o) của %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "tập tin chịu tác động “%s” vượt ra ngoài liên kết mềm"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s: miếng vá không được áp dụng"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3813
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "Đang kiểm tra miếng vá %s…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3906 builtin/checkout.c:231 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "make_cache_entry gặp lỗi đối với đường dẫn “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4049
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "không thể gỡ bỏ %s từ mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4078
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "miếng vá sai hỏng cho mô-đun-con %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thống kề về tập tin %s mới hơn đã được tạo"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “kho lưu đằng sau” cho tập tin được tạo mới hơn %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4090 builtin/apply.c:4198
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "không thể thêm mục nhớ đệm cho %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4123
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "đang đóng tập tin “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4172
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin “%s” chế độ %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "Đã áp dụng miếng vá %s một cách sạch sẽ."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "lỗi nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "Đang áp dụng miếng vá %%s với %d lần từ chối…"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4280
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "đang cắt ngắn tên tập tin .rej thành %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "Khối nhớ #%d được áp dụng gọn gàng."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4304
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "đoạn dữ liệu #%d bị từ chối."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "không thừa nhận đầu vào"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "không thể đọc tập tin lưu bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4522 builtin/apply.c:4525 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "đường-dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4523
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "không áp dụng các thay đổi khớp với đường dẫn đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "áp dụng các thay đổi khớp với đường dẫn đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "số"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4529
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ <số> dấu gạch chéo dẫn đầu từ đường dẫn diff cổ điển"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "lờ đi phần bổ xung được tạo ra bởi miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr ""
+"thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả từ lệnh diffstat cho đầu ra"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị số lượng các dòng được thêm vào và xóa đi theo ký hiệu thập phân"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "thay vì áp dụng một miếng vá, kết xuất kết quả cho đầu vào"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4542
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "thay vì áp dụng miếng vá, hãy xem xem miếng vá có thích hợp không"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4544
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "hãy chắc chắn là miếng vá thích hợp với bảng mục lục hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "áp dụng một miếng vá mà không động chạm đến cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4548
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "chấp nhận một miếng vá mà không động chạm đến cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr ""
+"đồng thời áp dụng miếng vá (dùng với tùy chọn --stat/--summary/--check)"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4552
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "thử hòa trộn kiểu three-way nếu việc vá không thể thực hiện được"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4554
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr ""
+"xây dựng bảng mục lục tạm thời trên cơ sở thông tin bảng mục lục được nhúng"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556 builtin/checkout-index.c:198 builtin/ls-files.c:412
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "các đường dẫn bị ngăn cách bởi ký tự NULL"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4559
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "đảm bảo rằng có ít nhất <n> dòng nội dung khớp"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "hành động"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4561
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "tìm thấy một dòng mới hoặc bị sửa đổi mà nó có lỗi do khoảng trắng"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4564 builtin/apply.c:4567
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "lờ đi sự thay đổi do khoảng trắng gây ra khi quét nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "áp dụng miếng vá theo chiều ngược"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4572
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "đừng hy vọng có ít nhất một dòng nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4574
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "để lại khối dữ liệu bị từ chối trong các tập tin *.rej tương ứng"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4576
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "cho phép chồng khối nhớ"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4579
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr ""
+"đã dò tìm thấy dung sai không chính xác thiếu dòng mới tại cuối tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4582
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "không tin số lượng dòng trong phần đầu khối dữ liệu"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4584
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "root"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4585
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "treo thêm <root> vào tất cả các tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4607
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way ở ngoài một kho chứa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4615
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index ở ngoài một kho chứa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4618
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached ở ngoài một kho chứa"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở miếng vá “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4651
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "đã chấm dứt %d lỗi khoảng trắng"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4657 builtin/apply.c:4667
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d dòng thêm khoảng trắng lỗi."
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:17
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin kho (lưu trữ, nén) “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:20
+msgid "could not redirect output"
+msgstr "không thể chuyển hướng kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:37
+msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
+msgstr "git archive: Máy chủ không có địa chỉ URL"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:58
+msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
+msgstr "git archive: cần ACK/NAK, nhưng lại nhận được EOF"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote error: %s"
+msgstr "lỗi máy chủ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
+msgid "git archive: protocol error"
+msgstr "git archive: lỗi giao thức"
+
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
+msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
+msgstr "git archive: cần một flush (đẩy dữ liệu lên đĩa)"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "thực hiện “git bisect next”"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr ""
+"cập nhật BISECT_HEAD thay vì lấy ra (checking out) lần chuyển giao hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [<các-tùy-chọn>] [rev-opts] [rev] [--] tập-tin"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:35
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<rev-opts> được mô tả trong tài liệu git-rev-list(1)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2500
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "Hiển thị các mục “blame” như là chúng ta thấy chúng, tăng dần"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2501
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr ""
+"Hiển thị SHA-1 trắng cho những lần chuyển giao biên giới (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2502
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Không coi các lần chuyển giao gốc là giới hạn (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2503
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "Hiển thị thống kê công sức làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2504
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "Hiển thị kết xuất điểm số có các mục tin “blame”"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2505
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị tên tập tin gốc (Mặc định: auto)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2506
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị số dòng gốc (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2507
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "Hiển thị ở định dạng đã thiết kế cho sự tiêu dùng bằng máy"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2508
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "Hiển thị định dạng “porcelain” với thông tin chuyển giao mỗi dòng"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2509
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Dùng cùng chế độ xuất ra với git-annotate (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2510
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị dấu vết thời gian dạng thô (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2511
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị SHA1 của lần chuyển giao dạng dài (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2512
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Không hiển thị tên tác giả và dấu vết thời gian (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2513
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "Hiển thị thư điện tử của tác giả thay vì tên (Mặc định: off)"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2514
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "Bỏ qua các khác biệt do khoảng trắng gây ra"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2515
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "Tiêu thụ thêm năng tài nguyên máy móc để tìm kiếm tốt hơn nữa"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2516
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr ""
+"Sử dụng điểm xét duyệt (revision) từ <tập tin> thay vì gọi “git-rev-list”"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "Sử dụng nội dung của <tập tin> như là ảnh cuối cùng"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518 builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "điểm số"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "Tìm các bản sao chép dòng trong và ngang qua tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "Tìm các di chuyển dòng trong và ngang qua tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Xử lý chỉ dòng vùng n,m, tính từ 1"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2601
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "4 năm, 11 tháng trước"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<các-tùy-chọn>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<các-tùy-chọn>] [-l] [-f] <tên-nhánh> [<điểm-đầu>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<các-tùy-chọn>] [-r] (-d | -D) <tên-nhánh> …"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<các-tùy-chọn>] (-m | -M) [<nhánh-cũ>] <nhánh-mới>"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:152
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
+"         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"đang xóa nhánh “%s” mà nó lại đã được hòa trộn vào\n"
+"         “%s”, nhưng vẫn chưa được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:156
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
+"         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
+msgstr ""
+"không xóa nhánh “%s” cái mà chưa được hòa trộn vào\n"
+"         “%s”, cho dù là nó đã được hòa trộn vào HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:170
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao cho “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:174
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh “%s” không được trộn một cách đầy đủ.\n"
+"Nếu bạn thực sự muốn xóa nó, thì chạy lệnh “git branch -D %s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:187
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Cập nhật tập tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:215
+msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
+msgstr "không thể dùng tùy chọn -a với -d"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:221
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm kiếm đối tượng chuyển giao cho HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
+msgstr "Không thể xóa nhánh “%s” cái mà bạn hiện nay đang ở."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:245
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh máy chủ “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:246
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy nhánh “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đang xóa nhánh trên máy chủ “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi xóa bỏ nhánh “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh trên máy chủ \"%s\" đã bị xóa (từng là %s).\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "Nhánh “%s” đã bị xóa (từng là %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
+msgstr "nhánh “%s” không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao nào cả"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: đã ra đi]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: đứng sau %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[đằng sau %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: phía trước %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[phía trước %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s: trước %d, sau %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:483
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[trước %d, sau %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** tham chiếu không hợp lệ ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh, đang cải tổ %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:590
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh, di chuyển nửa bước được bắt đầu tại %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:596
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD được tách rời tại %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:599
+#, c-format
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "(HEAD được tách rời từ %s)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:603
+msgid "(no branch)"
+msgstr "(không nhánh)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "đối tượng “%s” không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao nào cả"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
+msgid "some refs could not be read"
+msgstr "một số tham chiếu đã không thể đọc được"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
+msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
+msgstr "không thể đổi tên nhánh hiện hành trong khi nó chẳng ở đâu cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Tên nhánh không hợp lệ: “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:736
+msgid "Branch rename failed"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đổi tên nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:740
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
+msgstr "Đã đổi tên nhánh khuyết danh “%s” đi"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:744
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
+msgstr "Nhánh bị đổi tên thành %s, nhưng HEAD lại không được cập nhật!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:751
+msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "Nhánh bị đổi tên, nhưng cập nhật tập tin cấu hình gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name %s"
+msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "không thể ghi vào mẫu mô tả nhánh: %s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn chung"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "hiển thị mã băm và chủ đề, đưa ra hai lần cho nhánh thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "không xuất các thông tin"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "cài đặt chế độ theo dõi (xem git-pull(1))"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "thay đổi thông tin thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "tô màu kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "thao tác trên nhánh “remote-tracking”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834 builtin/branch.c:840 builtin/branch.c:861
+#: builtin/branch.c:867 builtin/commit.c:1582 builtin/commit.c:1583
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584 builtin/commit.c:1585 builtin/tag.c:616
+#: builtin/tag.c:622
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "lần_chuyển_giao"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835 builtin/branch.c:841
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:847
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "Hành động git-branch:"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "liệt kê cả nhánh “remote-tracking” và nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:850
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "xóa một toàn bộ nhánh đã hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:851
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "xóa nhánh (cho dù là chưa được hòa trộn)"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:852
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "di chuyển hay đổi tên một nhánh và reflog của nó"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:853
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "di chuyển hoặc đổi tên một nhánh ngay cả khi đích đã có sẵn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:854
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "liệt kê các tên nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "tạo reflog của nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "sửa mô tả cho nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:858
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "buộc tạo, di chuyển/đổi tên, xóa"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các nhánh chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:867
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các nhánh đã hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:871
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "liệt kê các nhánh trong các cột"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:884
+msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải HEAD như là một tham chiếu hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:888 builtin/clone.c:637
+msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
+msgstr "không tìm thấy HEAD ở dưới refs/heads!"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:910
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "tùy chọn --column và --verbose xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:921 builtin/branch.c:960
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "cần chỉ ra tên nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:936
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể đưa ra mô tả HEAD đã tách rời"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "không thể sửa mô tả cho nhiều hơn một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "Vẫn chưa chuyển giao trên nhánh “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:951
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "Không có nhánh nào có tên “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "quá nhiều nhánh dành cho thao tác đổi tên"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:971
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "quá nhiều nhánh được đặt cho thượng nguồn mới"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:975
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể đặt thượng nguồn của HEAD thành %s khi mà nó chẳng chỉ đến nhánh "
+"nào cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:978 builtin/branch.c:1000 builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "không có nhánh nào như thế “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "chưa có nhánh “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "quá nhiều nhánh để bỏ đặt thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:998
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "không thể bỏ đặt thượng nguồn của HEAD không chỉ đến một nhánh nào cả."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "Nhánh “%s” không có thông tin thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1018
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "không hợp lý khi tạo “HEAD” thủ công"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1024
+msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
+msgstr ""
+"hai tùy chọn -a và -r áp dụng cho lệnh “git branch” không hợp lý đối với tên "
+"nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1027
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Cờ --set-upstream đã lạc hậu và sẽ bị xóa bỏ. Nên dùng --track hoặc --set-"
+"upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nếu bạn muốn “%s” theo dõi “%s”, thực hiện lệnh sau:\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1045
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:47
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is okay\n"
+msgstr "“%s” tốt\n"
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:56
+msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
+msgstr "Cần một kho chứa để có thể tạo một bundle."
+
+#: builtin/bundle.c:60
+msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
+msgstr "Cần một kho chứa để có thể giải nén một bundle."
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:326
+msgid "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <kiểu> | --textconv) <đối_tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <danh-sách-đối-tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:364
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<kiểu> là một trong số: blob, tree, commit hoặc tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:365
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "hiển thị kiểu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:366
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "hiển thị kích thước đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:368
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "thoát với 0 khi không có lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:369
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "in nội dung đối tượng dạng dễ đọc"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:371
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "với đối tượng blob, chạy lệnh textconv trên nội dung của đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:373
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị thông tin và nội dung của các đối tượng lấy từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:376
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "hiển thị các thông tin về đối tượng fed  từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>…] [--] tên-đường-dẫn…"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr ""
+"git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>…] < <danh-sách-đường-dẫn>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "báo cáo tất cả các thuộc tính đặt trên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "chỉ dùng .gitattributes từ bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "đọc tên tập tin từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "chấm dứt các bản ghi vào và ra bằng ký tự NULL"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/gc.c:274
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "chặn các báo cáo tiến trình hoạt động"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "hiển thị những đường dẫn đầu vào không khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "bỏ qua mục lục khi kiểm tra"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "không thể chỉ định các tên đường dẫn với --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z chỉ hợp lý với --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra đường dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "--quiet chỉ hợp lệ với tên đường dẫn đơn"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "không thể dùng cả hai tùy chọn --quiet và --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "tùy-chọn --non-matching chỉ hợp lệ khi dùng với --verbose"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<các-tùy-chọn>] <danh-bạ>…"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "đồng thời đọc các danh bạ từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích danh bạ: “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra danh bạ"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<các-tùy-chọn>] [--] [<tập-tin>…]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "lấy ra toàn bộ các tập tin trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:189
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "ép buộc ghi đè lên tập tin đã sẵn có từ trước"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:191
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr ""
+"không cảnh báo cho những tập tin tồn tại và không có trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:193
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "không checkout các tập tin mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:195
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "cập nhật thông tin thống kê trong tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:201
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "đọc danh sách đường dẫn từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "ghi nội dung vào tập tin tạm"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "chuỗi"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:205
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "khi tạo các tập tin, nối thêm <chuỗi>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:208
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "sao chép ra các tập tin từ bệ phóng có tên"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<các-tùy-chọn>] <nhánh>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<nhánh>] -- <tập-tin>…"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132 builtin/checkout.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có các phiên bản của chúng ta"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có các phiên bản của chúng"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có tất cả các phiên bản cần thiết"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không có các phiên bản cần thiết"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:211
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s”: không thể hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:228
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể thêm kết quả hòa trộn cho “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:255
+#: builtin/checkout.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "không được dùng “%s” với các đường dẫn cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "không được dùng “%s” với %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật các đường dẫn và chuyển đến nhánh “%s” cùng một lúc."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:278 builtin/checkout.c:467
+msgid "corrupt index file"
+msgstr "tập tin ghi bảng mục lục bị hỏng"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:338 builtin/checkout.c:345
+#, c-format
+msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
+msgstr "đường dẫn “%s” không được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:489
+msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
+msgstr "bạn cần phải giải quyết bảng mục lục hiện tại của bạn trước đã"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:615
+#, c-format
+msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Không thể thực hiện reflog cho “%s”\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
+msgid "HEAD is now at"
+msgstr "HEAD hiện giờ tại"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
+#, c-format
+msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đặt lại nhánh “%s”\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:663
+#, c-format
+msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã sẵn sàng trên “%s”\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:667
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã chuyển tới và đặt lại nhánh “%s”\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:669 builtin/checkout.c:1050
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã chuyển đến nhánh mới “%s”\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
+#, c-format
+msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đã chuyển đến nhánh “%s”\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:723
+#, c-format
+msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
+msgstr " … và nhiều hơn %d.\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:729
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Warning: you are leaving %d commits behind, not connected to\n"
+"any of your branches:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Cảnh báo: bạn đã rời bỏ %d lần chuyển giao lại đằng sau, không được kết nối "
+"đến\n"
+"bất kỳ nhánh nào của bạn:\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
+"to do so with:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nếu bạn muốn giữ chúng bằng cách tạo ra một nhánh mới, đây có lẽ là\n"
+"một thời điểm thích hợp để làm thế bằng lệnh:\n"
+"\n"
+" git branch <tên_nhánh_mới> %s\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:777
+msgid "internal error in revision walk"
+msgstr "lỗi nội bộ trong khi di chuyển qua các điểm xét duyệt"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:781
+msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
+msgstr "Vị trí trước kia của HEAD là"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:808 builtin/checkout.c:1045
+msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
+msgstr "Bạn tại nhánh mà nó chưa hề được sinh ra"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:952
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "chỉ cần một tham chiếu, nhưng lại đưa ra %d."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:991
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid reference: %s"
+msgstr "tham chiếu không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1020
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
+msgstr "tham chiếu không phải là một cây:%s"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "các đường dẫn không thể dùng cùng với các nhánh chuyển"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062 builtin/checkout.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "“%s” không thể được sử dụng với các nhánh chuyển"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "“%s” không thể được dùng với “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể chuyển nhánh đến một thứ không phải là lần chuyển giao “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108 builtin/checkout.c:1110 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:159 builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1109
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "tạo và checkout một nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "tạo/đặt_lại và checkout một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1112
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "tạo reflog cho nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "rời bỏ HEAD tại lần chuyển giao danh nghĩa"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1114
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "đặt thông tin thượng nguồn cho nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "nhánh-mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "nhánh không cha mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1117
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+"lấy ra (checkout) phiên bản của chúng ta cho các tập tin chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1119
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr ""
+"lấy ra (checkout) phiên bản của chúng họ cho các tập tin chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1121
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "ép buộc lấy ra (bỏ đi những thay đổi nội bộ)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1122
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "thực hiện hòa trộn kiểu 3-way với nhánh mới"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1123 builtin/merge.c:227
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin bị bỏ qua (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1124 builtin/log.c:1239 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "xung đột kiểu (hòa trộn hoặc diff3)"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "không giới hạn đặc tả đường dẫn thành chỉ các mục thưa thớt"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1130
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "gợi ý thứ hai \"git checkout <không-nhánh-nào-như-vậy>\""
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "Các tùy chọn -b, -B và --orphan loại từ lẫn nhau"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1170
+msgid "--track needs a branch name"
+msgstr "--track cần tên một nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1175
+msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
+msgstr "Thiếu tên nhánh; hãy thử -b"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1212
+msgid "invalid path specification"
+msgstr "đường dẫn đã cho không hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
+"Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật và chuyển thành nhánh “%s” cùng lúc\n"
+"Bạn đã có ý định checkout “%s” cái mà không thể được phân giải như là lần "
+"chuyển giao?"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1224
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout: --detach không nhận một đối số đường dẫn “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1228
+msgid ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
+"checking out of the index."
+msgstr ""
+"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force và --merge là xung khắc với nhau khi\n"
+"checkout bảng mục lục (index)."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <mẫu>] [-x | -X] [--] <đường-dẫn>…"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "Đang gỡ bỏ %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "Có thể gỡ bỏ %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Đang bỏ qua kho chứa %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "Nên bỏ qua kho chứa %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi gỡ bỏ %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
+msgstr ""
+"Trợ giúp về nhắc:\n"
+"1          - chọn một mục được đánh số\n"
+"foo        - chọn mục trên cơ sở tiền tố duy nhất\n"
+"           - (để trống) không chọn gì cả"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:299
+msgid ""
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
+msgstr ""
+"Trợ giúp về nhắc:\n"
+"1          - chọn một mục đơn\n"
+"3-5        - chọn một vùng\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - chọn nhiều vùng\n"
+"foo        - chọn mục dựa trên tiền tố duy nhất\n"
+"-…       - không chọn các mục đã chỉ ra\n"
+"*          - chọn tất\n"
+"           - (để trống) kết thúc việc chọn"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:517
+#, c-format
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "Hả (%s)?"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "Mẫu để lọc các tập tin đầu vào cần lờ đi>> "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "CẢNH BÁO: Không tìm thấy các mục được khớp bởi: %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "Chọn mục muốn xóa"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "Xóa bỏ “%s” [y/N]? "
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:783
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "Tạm biệt."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:791
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - bắt đầu dọn dẹp\n"
+"filter by pattern   - loại trừ các mục khỏi việc xóa\n"
+"select by numbers   - chọn các mục cần xóa bằng số\n"
+"ask each            - xác nhận trước mỗi lần xóa (giống như \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - dừng việc dọn dẹp lại\n"
+"help                - hiển thị chính trợ giúp này\n"
+"?                   - trợ giúp dành cho chọn bằng cách nhắc"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** Lệnh ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:819
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "Giờ thì sao"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:827
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "Có muốn gỡ bỏ (các) mục sau đây không:"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:844
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "Không còn tập-tin nào để dọn dẹp, đang thoát ra."
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "không hiển thị tên của các tập tin đã gỡ bỏ"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "ép buộc"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:878
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "dọn bằng kiểu tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ toàn bộ thư mục"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:714
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:443 builtin/name-rev.c:311 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "thêm <mẫu> vào trong qui tắc bỏ qua"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:883
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "đồng thời gỡ bỏ cả các tập tin bị bỏ qua"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:885
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "chỉ gỡ bỏ những tập tin bị bỏ qua"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:903
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x và -X không thể dùng cùng nhau"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:907
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce được đặt thành true và không đưa ra tùy chọn -i, -n mà "
+"cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh dọn dẹp (clean)"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:910
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce mặc định được đặt là true và không đưa ra tùy chọn -i, -n "
+"mà cũng không -f; từ chối lệnh dọn dẹp (clean)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<các-tùy-chọn>] [--] <kho> [<t.mục>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66 builtin/fetch.c:111 builtin/merge.c:224
+#: builtin/push.c:523
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "ép buộc báo cáo tiến triển công việc"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "không tạo một checkout"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/clone.c:71 builtin/init-db.c:496
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "tạo kho thuần"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "tạo kho bản sao (ý là kho thuần)"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "để nhân bản từ kho nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "không sử dụng liên kết cứng nội bộ, luôn sao chép"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "cài đặt đây là kho chia sẻ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "khởi tạo mô-đun-con trong bản sao"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:493
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "thư-mục-mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "thư mục mà tại đó các mẫu sẽ được dùng"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "tên"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "dùng <tên> thay cho “origin” để theo dõi thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "lấy ra <nhánh> thay cho HEAD của máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "đường dẫn đến git-upload-pack trên máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "độ-sâu"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "tạo bản sao không đầy đủ cho mức sâu đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "chỉ nhân bản một nhánh, HEAD hoặc --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "chỉ dùng --reference khi nhân bản"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100 builtin/init-db.c:502
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "gitdir"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101 builtin/init-db.c:503
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "không dùng chung thư mục dành riêng cho git và thư mục làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "khóa=giá_trị"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:103
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "đặt cấu hình bên trong một kho chứa mới"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:256
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s” không phải là một kho nội bộ."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s” là nông"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "kho tham chiếu “%s” bị cấy ghép"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "tạo thư mục \"%s\" gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:327 builtin/diff.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi lấy thống kê về “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
+msgstr "%s có tồn tại nhưng lại không phải là một thư mục"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi lấy thông tin thống kê về %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo được liên kết mềm %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:369
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi sao chép tập tin và “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:392 builtin/clone.c:566
+#, c-format
+msgid "done.\n"
+msgstr "hoàn tất.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:404
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Việc nhân bản thành công, nhưng checkout gặp lỗi.\n"
+"Bạn kiểm tra kỹ xem cái gì được lấy ra bằng lệnh “git status”\n"
+"và thử lấy ra với lệnh “git checkout -f HEAD”\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy nhánh máy chủ %s để nhân bản (clone)."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "Đang kiểm tra kết nối… "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:564
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "máy chủ đã không gửi tất cả các đối tượng cần thiết"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
+msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
+msgstr "refers HEAD máy chủ  chỉ đến ref không tồn tại, không thể lấy ra.\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:659
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "không thể lấy ra (checkout) cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:746
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "không thể đóng gói để dọn dẹp"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:748
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "không thể bỏ liên kết tập tin thay thế tạm thời"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
+msgid "Too many arguments."
+msgstr "Có quá nhiều đối số."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:782
+msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
+msgstr "Bạn phải chỉ định một kho để mà nhân bản (clone)."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:793
+#, c-format
+msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
+msgstr "tùy chọn --bare và --origin %s xung khắc nhau."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "tùy chọn --bare và --separate-git-dir xung khắc nhau."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "kho chứa “%s” chưa tồn tại"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:815 builtin/fetch.c:1156
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "độ sâu %s không phải là một số nguyên dương"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:825
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
+msgstr "đường dẫn đích “%s” đã có từ trước và không phải là một thư mục rỗng."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#, c-format
+msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "cây làm việc “%s” đã sẵn tồn tại rồi."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:850 builtin/clone.c:861
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo các thư mục dẫn đầu của “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo cây thư mục làm việc dir “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:871
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Đang nhân bản thành kho chứa bare “%s”…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:873
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "Đang nhân bản thành “%s”…\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:898
+msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+msgstr "đã đưa ra --dissociate, nhưng ở đây lại không có --reference"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:913
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth bị lờ đi khi nhân bản nội bộ; hãy sử dụng file:// để thay thế."
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:916
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "kho nguồn là nông, nên bỏ qua --local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local bị lờ đi"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:925
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
+msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để nhân bản (clone) %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:976 builtin/clone.c:984
+#, c-format
+msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
+msgstr "Nhánh máy chủ %s không tìm thấy trong thượng nguồn %s"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:987
+msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
+msgstr "Bạn hình như là đã nhân bản một kho trống rỗng."
+
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "tìm kiếm biến cấu hình"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "bố cục để dùng"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "Độ rộng tối đa"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trống vào bên trái"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trắng vào bên phải"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "Chèn thêm khoảng trắng giữa các cột"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command phải là đối số đầu tiên"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:37
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<các-tùy-chọn>] [--] <pathspec>…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:42
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<các-tùy-chọn>] [--] <pathspec>…"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:47
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tên và địa chỉ thư điện tử của bạn được cấu hình một cách tự động trên cơ "
+"sở\n"
+"tài khoản và địa chỉ máy chủ của bạn. Xin hãy kiểm tra xem chúng có chính "
+"xác không.\n"
+"Bạn có thể chặn những thông báo kiểu này bằng cách cài đặt các thông tin "
+"trên\n"
+"một cách rõ ràng. Chạy lệnh sau đây là theo các hướng dẫn trong bộ soạn "
+"thảo\n"
+"để chỉnh sửa tập tin cấu hình của mình:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"Sau khi thực hiện xong, bạn có thể sửa chữa định danh được sử dụng cho\n"
+"lần chuyển giao này với lệnh:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tên và địa chỉ thư điện tử của bạn được cấu hình một cách tự động trên cơ "
+"sở\n"
+"tài khoản và địa chỉ máy chủ của bạn. Xin hãy kiểm tra xem chúng có chính "
+"xác không.\n"
+"Bạn có thể chặn những thông báo kiểu này bằng cách cài đặt các thông tin "
+"trên một cách rõ ràng:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global user.name \"Tên của bạn\"\n"
+"    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
+"\n"
+"Sau khi thực hiện xong, bạn có thể sửa chữa định danh được sử dụng cho lần "
+"chuyển giao này với lệnh:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
+msgid ""
+"You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
+"it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
+"remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đã yêu cầu amend (“tu bổ”) phần lớn các lần chuyển giao gần đây, nhưng "
+"làm như thế\n"
+"có thể làm cho nó trở nên trống rỗng. Bạn có thể lặp lại lệnh của mình bằng "
+"--allow-empty,\n"
+"hoặc là bạn gỡ bỏ các lần chuyển giao một cách hoàn toàn bằng lệnh:\n"
+"\"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:77
+msgid ""
+"The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
+"If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Lần cherry-pick trước hiện nay trống rỗng, có lẽ là bởi vì sự phân giải xung "
+"đột.\n"
+"Nếu bạn vẫn muốn chuyển giao nó cho dù thế nào đi nữa, hãy dùng:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --allow-empty\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:84
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "Nếu không được thì dùng lệnh \"git reset\"\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:87
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nếu bạn muốn bỏ qua lần chuyển giao này thì dùng:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Thế thì \"git cherry-pick --continue\" sẽ phục hồi lại việc cherry-pick\n"
+"những lần chuyển giao còn lại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:304
+msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tháo dỡ HEAD đối tượng cây"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:344
+msgid "unable to create temporary index"
+msgstr "không thể tạo bảng mục lục tạm thời"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:350
+msgid "interactive add failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thêm bằng cách tương"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:361
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:363
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "không thể cập nhật bảng mục lục tạm thời"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi cập nhật cây bộ nhớ đệm"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:414 builtin/commit.c:463
+msgid "unable to write new_index file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới (new_index)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:445
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao cục bộ trong khi đang được hòa trộn."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể thực hiện việc chuyển giao bộ phận trong khi đang cherry-pick."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:456
+msgid "cannot read the index"
+msgstr "không đọc được bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:475
+msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục tạm thời"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:580
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao “%s” thiếu phần tác giả ở đầu"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao “%s” có phần tác giả ở đầu dị dạng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:601
+msgid "malformed --author parameter"
+msgstr "đối số cho --author bị dị hình"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:609
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "ngày tháng không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:653
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr ""
+"không thể chọn một ký tự ghi chú cái mà không được dùng\n"
+"trong phần ghi chú hiện tại"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:690 builtin/commit.c:723 builtin/commit.c:1080
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
+msgstr "không thể tìm kiếm commit (lần chuyển giao) %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:702 builtin/shortlog.c:273
+#, c-format
+msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
+msgstr "(đang đọc thông điệp nhật ký từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn)\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:704
+msgid "could not read log from standard input"
+msgstr "không thể đọc nhật ký từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:708
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
+msgstr "không đọc được tệp nhật ký “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "không thể đọc MERGE_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:734
+msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "không thể đọc SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:738
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đọc “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:785
+msgid "could not write commit template"
+msgstr "không thể ghi mẫu chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nó trông giống với việc bạn đang chuyển giao một lần hòa trộn.\n"
+"Nếu không phải vậy, xin hãy gỡ bỏ tập tin\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"và thử lại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Nó trông giống với việc bạn đang chuyển giao một lần cherry-pick.\n"
+"Nếu không phải vậy, xin hãy gỡ bỏ tập tin\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"và thử lại.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:821
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng "
+"được\n"
+"bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua, nếu phần chú thích rỗng sẽ hủy bỏ lần "
+"chuyển giao.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:828
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích các thay đổi của bạn. Những dòng "
+"được\n"
+"bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi nếu muốn thế.\n"
+"Phần chú thích này nếu trống rỗng sẽ hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:848
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sTác giả:           %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:856
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%sNgày tháng:        %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%sNgười chuyển giao: %.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:881
+msgid "Cannot read index"
+msgstr "Không đọc được bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:938
+msgid "Error building trees"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi xây dựng cây"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:953 builtin/tag.c:495
+#, c-format
+msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
+msgstr "Xin hãy cung cấp lời chú giải hoặc là dùng tùy chọn -m hoặc là -F.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#, c-format
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr ""
+"--author “%s” không phải là “Họ và tên <thư điện tửl>” và không khớp bất kỳ "
+"tác giả nào sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070 builtin/commit.c:1310
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
+msgstr "Chế độ cho các tập tin chưa được theo dõi không hợp lệ “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1107
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "hai tùy chọn -long và -z không tương thích với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1137
+msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
+msgstr "Sử dụng cả hai tùy chọn --reset-author và --author không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1146
+msgid "You have nothing to amend."
+msgstr "Không có gì để mà “tu bổ” cả."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1149
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn -- không thể thực hiện việc “tu bổ”."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1151
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đang ở giữa của quá trình cherry-pick -- không thể thực hiện việc “tu "
+"bổ”."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154
+msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
+msgstr "Các tùy chọn --squash và --fixup không thể sử dụng cùng với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164
+msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Chỉ được dùng một trong số tùy chọn trong số các tùy chọn -c/-C/-F/--fixup"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166
+msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+msgstr "Tùy chọn -m không thể được tổ hợp cùng với -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
+msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
+msgstr ""
+"--reset-author chỉ có thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -C, -c hay --amend."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1191
+msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
+msgstr ""
+"Chỉ một trong các tùy chọn --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch được "
+"sử dụng."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1193
+msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
+msgstr "Không đường dẫn với các tùy chọn --include/--only không hợp lý."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1195
+msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
+msgstr "Giỏi…  “tu bổ” cái cuối với bảng mục lục bẩn."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1197
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr ""
+"Những đường dẫn rõ ràng được chỉ ra không có tùy chọn -i cũng không -o; coi "
+"là --only những đường dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1209 builtin/tag.c:728
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
+msgstr "Chế độ dọn dẹp không hợp lệ %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
+msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
+msgstr "Các đường dẫn với tùy chọn -a không hợp lý."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1324 builtin/commit.c:1604
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "hiển thị trạng thái ở dạng súc tích"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1326 builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "hiển thị thông tin nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1328 builtin/commit.c:1608 builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "kết xuất dạng máy-có-thể-đọc"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1331 builtin/commit.c:1610
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "hiển thị trạng thái ở định dạng dài (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1334 builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "chấm dứt các mục bằng NUL"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1336 builtin/commit.c:1616 builtin/fast-export.c:980
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:983 builtin/tag.c:603
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "chế độ"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị các tập tin chưa được theo dõi  dấu vết, các chế độ tùy chọn:  all, "
+"normal, no. (Mặc định: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin ẩn"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1341 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "khi"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"bỏ qua các thay đổi trong mô-đun-con, tùy chọn khi: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Mặc định: all)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1344
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các tập-tin chưa được theo dõi trong các cột"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
+msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
+msgstr "không thể tìm thấy lần chuyển giao mới hơn đã được tạo"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
+msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
+msgstr ""
+"không thể phân tích cú pháp của đối tượng chuyển giao mới hơn đã được tạo"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
+msgid "detached HEAD"
+msgstr "đã rời khỏi HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
+msgid " (root-commit)"
+msgstr " (root-commit)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "không hiển thị tổng kết sau khi chuyển giao thành công"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "hiển thị sự khác biệt trong mẫu tin nhắn chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1577
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "Các tùy chọn ghi chú commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578 builtin/tag.c:601
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "đọc chú thích từ tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "ghi đè tác giả cho commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580 builtin/gc.c:275
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "ngày tháng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "ghi đè ngày tháng cho lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581 builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/notes.c:391
+#: builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/tag.c:599
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "chú thích"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "chú thích của lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "dùng lại các ghi chú từ lần chuyển giao đã cho nhưng có cho sửa chữa"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "dùng lại các ghi chú từ lần chuyển giao đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng ghi chú có định dạng autosquash để sửa chữa lần chuyển giao đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1585
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng lời nhắn có định dạng tự động nén để nén lại các lần chuyển giao đã chỉ "
+"ra"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr ""
+"lần chuyển giao nhận tôi là tác giả (được dùng với tùy chọn -C/-c/--amend)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587 builtin/log.c:1191 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "(nên dùng) thêm dòng Signed-off-by:"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1588
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "sử dụng tập tin mẫu đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1589
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "ép buộc sửa lần commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "mặc định"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590 builtin/tag.c:604
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "làm thế nào để cắt bỏ khoảng trắng và #ghichú từ mẩu tin nhắn"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "bao gồm các trạng thái trong mẫu ghi chú chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592 builtin/merge.c:225 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/tag.c:605
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "mã-số-khóa"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1593 builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "ký lần chuyển giao dùng GPG"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "Các tùy nội dung ghi chú commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "chuyển giao tất cả các tập tin có thay đổi"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "thêm các tập tin đã chỉ ra vào bảng mục lục để chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "thêm các tập-tin bằng tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "thêm các thay đổi bằng tương tác"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "chỉ chuyển giao các tập tin đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua móc (hook) pre-commit"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "hiển thị xem cái gì có thể được chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "“tu bổ” (amend) lần commit trước"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua móc (hook) post-rewrite"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "ok để ghi lại một thay đổi trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1622
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "ok để ghi các thay đổi với lời nhắn trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1651
+msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1690 builtin/merge.c:519
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
+msgstr "không thể mở “%s” để đọc"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1697
+#, c-format
+msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
+msgstr "Tập tin MERGE_HEAD sai hỏng (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1704
+msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "không thể đọc MERGE_MODE"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1723
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
+msgstr "không thể đọc phần chú thích (message) của llần chuyển giao: %s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1734
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Đang bỏ qua việc chuyển giao; bạn đã không biên soạn phần chú thích "
+"(message).\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1739
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
+msgstr "Bãi bỏ việc chuyển giao bởi vì phần chú thích của nó trống rỗng.\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1754 builtin/merge.c:851 builtin/merge.c:876
+msgid "failed to write commit object"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi ghi đối tượng chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1787
+msgid ""
+"Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
+"not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
+msgstr ""
+"Kho chứa đã được cập nhật, nhưng không thể ghi vào\n"
+"tập tin new_index (bảng mục lục mới). Hãy kiểm tra xem đĩa\n"
+"có bị đầy quá hay quota (hạn nghạch đĩa cứng) bị vượt quá,\n"
+"và sau đó \"git reset HEAD\" để khắc phục."
+
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "Vị trí tập tin cấu hình"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "dùng tập tin cấu hình toàn cục"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "sử dụng tập tin cấu hình hệ thống"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "dùng tập tin cấu hình của kho"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "sử dụng tập tin cấu hình đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "blob-id"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "đọc cấu hình từ đối tượng blob đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "Hành động"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "lấy giá-trị: tên [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "lấy tất cả giá-trị: khóa [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "lấy giá trị cho regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "lấy đặc tả giá trị cho URL: phần[.biến] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "thay thế tất cả các biến khớp mẫu: tên giá-trị [value_regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "thêm biến mới: tên giá-trị"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ biến: tên [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ mọi cái khớp: tên [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "đổi tên phần: tên-cũ tên-mới"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "gỡ bỏ phần: tên"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "liệt kê tất"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "mở một trình biên soạn"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "tìm cấu hình màu sắc: slot [mặc định]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "tìm các cài đặt về màu sắc: slot [stdout-là-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "Kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "giá trị là \"true\" hoặc \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "giá trị ở dạng số thập phân"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "giá trị là --bool hoặc --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "giá trị là đường dẫn (tên tập tin hay thư mục)"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Khác"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "chấm dứt giá trị với byte NUL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "tôn trọng kể cà các hướng trong tìm kiếm"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:316
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích giá trị màu mặc định"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:457
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# Đây là tập tin cấu hình cho từng người dùng Git.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Vui lòng sửa lại cho thích hợp và bỏ dấu ghi chú các dòng sau:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:589
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin cấu hình “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:55
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:65
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "hiển thị kích cỡ theo định dạng dành cho người đọc"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<các-tùy-chọn>] <commit-ish>*"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<các-tùy-chọn>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
+msgstr "thẻ đã được ghi chú %s không sẵn để dùng"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
+msgstr "thẻ được chú giải %s không có tên nhúng"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
+msgstr "thẻ “%s” đã thực sự ở đây “%s” rồi"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:452
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
+msgstr "Không phải tên đối tượng %s hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
+msgstr "%s không phải là một đối tượng “%s” hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#, c-format
+msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
+msgstr "không có thẻ nào khớp chính xác với “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
+msgstr "Đang tìm kiếm để mô tả %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
+#, c-format
+msgid "finished search at %s\n"
+msgstr "việc tìm kiếm đã kết thúc tại %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"However, there were unannotated tags: try --tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Không có thẻ được chú giải nào được mô tả là “%s”.\n"
+"Tuy nhiên, ở đây có những thẻ không được chú giải: hãy thử --tags."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
+"Try --always, or create some tags."
+msgstr ""
+"Không có thẻ (tag) có thể mô tả “%s”.\n"
+"Hãy thử --always, hoặt tạo một số thẻ."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
+msgstr "đã xuyên %lu qua lần chuyển giao\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
+"gave up search at %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"tìm thấy nhiều hơn %i thẻ (tag); đã liệt kê %i gần đây nhất\n"
+"bỏ đi tìm kiếm tại %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "tìm các thẻ mà nó đến trước lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "chiến lược tìm kiếm gỡ lỗi trên đầu ra lỗi chuẩn stderr"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "dùng ref bất kỳ"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "dùng thẻ bất kỳ, cả khi “unannotated”"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "luôn dùng định dạng dài"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "chỉ theo cha mẹ đầu tiên"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "chỉ xuất những gì khớp chính xác"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "coi như <n> thẻ gần đây nhất (mặc định: 10)"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "chỉ cân nhắc đến những thẻ khớp với <mẫu>"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "hiển thị đối tượng chuyển giao vắn tắt như là fallback"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "dấu"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "thêm <dấu> trên cây thư mục làm việc bẩn (mặc định \"-dirty\")"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
+msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
+msgstr "--long là xung khắc với tùy chọn --abbrev=0"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
+msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy các tên, không thể mô tả gì cả."
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty là xung khắc với các tùy chọn commit-ish"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
+msgstr "“%s”: không phải tập tin bình thường hay liên kết mềm"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid option: %s"
+msgstr "tùy chọn không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:358
+msgid "Not a git repository"
+msgstr "Không phải là kho git"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
+msgstr "đối tượng đã cho “%s” không hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:410
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
+msgstr "đã cho nhiều hơn hai đối tượng blob: “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/diff.c:417
+#, c-format
+msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
+msgstr "đã cho đối tượng không thể nắm giữ “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:24
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:979
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "hiển thị tiến triển sau <n> đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:981
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "chọn điều khiển của thẻ đã ký"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "chọn sự xử lý của các thẻ, cái mà đánh thẻ các đối tượng được lọc ra"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:987
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "Đổ các đánh dấu này vào tập-tin"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "nhập vào đánh dấu từ tập tin này"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:991
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "Làm giả một cái thẻ khi thẻ bị thiếu một cái"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:993
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "Xuất ra toàn bộ cây cho mỗi lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:995
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "Sử dụng tính năng done để chấm dứt luồng dữ liệu"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "Bỏ qua kết xuất của dữ liệu blob"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "refspec"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "Áp dụng refspec cho refs đã xuất"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "kết xuất anonymize"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:19
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<kho-chứa> [<refspec>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<nhóm>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<các-tùy-chọn>] [(<kho> | <nhóm>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "lấy về từ tất cả các máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:91
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "nối thêm vào .git/FETCH_HEAD thay vì ghi đè lên nó"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "đường dẫn đến gói tải lên trên máy chủ cuối"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "ép buộc ghi đè lên nhánh nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "lấy từ nhiều máy chủ cùng lúc"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "lấy tất cả các thẻ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "không lấy tất cả các thẻ (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr ""
+"cắt cụt (prune) các nhánh “remote-tracking” không còn tồn tại trên máy chủ "
+"nữa"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "khi-cần"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:104
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "điều khiển việc lấy về đệ quy trong các mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "giữ lại gói đã tải về"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:110
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "cho phép cập nhật th.chiếu HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "làm sâu hơn lịch sử của bản sao"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "chuyển đổi hoàn toàn sang kho git"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "tmục"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "soạn sẵn cái này cho kết xuất đường dẫn mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:121
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "chế độ mặc định cho đệ qui"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "chấp nhận tham chiếu cập nhật .git/shallow"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:124
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "refmap"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:125
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "chỉ ra refmap cần lấy về"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
+msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể tìm thấy máy chủ cho tham chiếu HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:455
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s not found"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy đối tượng %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:460
+msgid "[up to date]"
+msgstr "[đã cập nhật]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
+msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (không thể fetch (lấy) về nhánh hiện hành)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:475 builtin/fetch.c:561
+msgid "[rejected]"
+msgstr "[Bị từ chối]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486
+msgid "[tag update]"
+msgstr "[cập nhật thẻ]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488 builtin/fetch.c:523 builtin/fetch.c:541
+msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
+msgstr "  (không thể cập nhật tham chiếu nội bộ)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:506
+msgid "[new tag]"
+msgstr "[thẻ mới]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:509
+msgid "[new branch]"
+msgstr "[nhánh mới]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:512
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[ref (tham chiếu) mới]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "unable to update local ref"
+msgstr "không thể cập nhật tham chiếu nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
+msgid "forced update"
+msgstr "cưỡng bức cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:563
+msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
+msgstr "(non-fast-forward)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:596 builtin/fetch.c:829
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "không thể mở %s: %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:605
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
+msgstr "%s đã không gửi tất cả các đối tượng cần thiết\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr "từ chối %s bởi vì các gốc nông thì không được phép cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:711 builtin/fetch.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "From %.*s\n"
+msgstr "Từ %.*s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:722
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
+" 'git remote prune %s' to remove any old, conflicting branches"
+msgstr ""
+"một số tham chiếu nội bộ không thể được cập nhật; hãy thử chạy\n"
+" “git remote prune %s” để bỏ đi những nhánh cũ, hay bị xung đột"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:774
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s sẽ trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý))"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:775
+#, c-format
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   (%s đã trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý))"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:799
+msgid "[deleted]"
+msgstr "[đã xóa]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:800 builtin/remote.c:1060
+msgid "(none)"
+msgstr "(không)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:819
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
+msgstr ""
+"Từ chối việc lấy vào trong nhánh hiện tại %s của một kho chứa không phải kho "
+"trần (bare)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:838
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn \"%s\" có giá trị \"%s\" là không hợp lệ cho %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
+#, c-format
+msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn \"%s\" bị bỏ qua với %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "Không biết làm cách nào để lấy về từ %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1059
+#, c-format
+msgid "Fetching %s\n"
+msgstr "Đang lấy “%s” về\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1061 builtin/remote.c:90
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not fetch %s"
+msgstr "không thể “%s” về"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1079
+msgid ""
+"No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
+"remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
+msgstr ""
+"Chưa chỉ ra kho chứa máy chủ.  Xin hãy chỉ định hoặc là URL hoặc\n"
+"tên máy chủ từ cái mà những điểm xét duyệt mới có thể được fetch (lấy về)."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
+msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
+msgstr "Bạn phải định rõ tên thẻ."
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1144
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "tùy chọn --depth và --unshallow không thể sử dụng cùng với nhau"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1146
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "--unshallow trên kho hoàn chỉnh là không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1169
+msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
+msgstr "lệnh lấy về \"fetch --all\" không lấy đối số kho chứa"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1171
+msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
+msgstr "lệnh lấy về \"fetch --all\" không hợp lý với refspecs"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
+msgstr "không có nhóm máy chủ hay máy chủ như thế: %s"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1190
+msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
+msgstr "Việc lấy về cả một nhóm và chỉ định refspecs không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <chú_thích>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <tập-"
+"tin>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:665 builtin/grep.c:698
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657 builtin/show-ref.c:178 builtin/tag.c:590
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "gắn nhật ký với ít nhất <n> mục từ lệnh “shortlog”"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "bí danh cho --log (không được dùng)"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "văn bản"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "dùng <văn bản thường> để bắt đầu ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "tập tin để đọc dữ liệu từ đó"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:675
+msgid "unable to parse format"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích định dạng"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1063
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<mẫu>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1078
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho hệ vỏ (shell)"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1080
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1082
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1084
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "trích dẫn để phù hợp cho Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1087
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "hiển thị chỉ <n> tham chiếu khớp"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088 builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "định dạng"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "định dạng sẽ dùng cho đầu ra"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1089
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "khóa"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1090
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "tên trường cần sắp xếp"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:147 builtin/prune.c:137
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "Đang kiểm tra kết nối"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:540
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "Đang kiểm tra các thư mục đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:603
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<đối-tượng>…]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:609
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "hiển thị các đối tượng không thể đọc được"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:610
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "hiển thị các đối tượng không được quản lý"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:611
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "báo cáo các thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:612
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "báo cáo node gốc"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "tạo “index objects head nodes”"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "tạo “reflogs head nodes” (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "cũng cân nhắc đến các đối tượng gói và thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "cho phép kiểm tra hạn chế hơn"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "ghi các đối tượng không được quản lý trong .git/lost-found"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619 builtin/prune.c:108
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "hiển thị quá trình"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:669
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "Đang kiểm tra các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:24
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+msgstr "gc.pruneexpire không hợp lệ: “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:107
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
+msgstr "thư mục đối tượng dài một cách điên rồ %.*s"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:276
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "xóa bỏ các đối tượng không được tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:278
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "cẩn thận hơn nữa (tăng thời gian chạy)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:279
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "bật chế độ auto-gc"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:280
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "buộc gc chạy ngay cả khi có tiến trình gc khác đang chạy"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Tự động đóng gói kho chứa trên nền hệ thống để tối ưu hóa hiệu suất làm "
+"việc.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:323
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "Tự động đóng gói kho chứa để tối ưu hóa hiệu suất làm việc.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "Xem \"git help gc\" để có hướng dẫn cụ thể về cách dọn dẹp kho git.\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:342
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
+msgstr ""
+"gc đang được thực hiện trên máy “%s” pid %<PRIuMAX> (dùng --force nếu không "
+"phải thế)"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:364
+msgid ""
+"There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
+msgstr ""
+"Có quá nhiều đối tượng tự do không được dùng đến; hãy chạy lệnh “git prune” "
+"để xóa bỏ chúng đi."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<các-tùy-chọn>] [-e] <mẫu> [<rev>…] [[--] <đường-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
+#, c-format
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep: gặp lỗi tạo tuyến (thread): %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:441 builtin/grep.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
+msgstr "không thể đọc cây (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:491
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
+msgstr "không thể thực hiện lệnh grep (lọc tìm) từ đối tượng thuộc kiểu %s"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:547
+#, c-format
+msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
+msgstr "chuyển đến “%c” cần một giá trị bằng số"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open '%s'"
+msgstr "không mở được “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:638
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "tìm trong bảng mục lục thay vì trong cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:640
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "tìm trong nội dung không được quản lý bởi git"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "tìm kiếm các tập tin được và chưa được theo dõi dấu vết"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "các tập tin bị bỏ qua được chỉ định thông qua “.gitignore”"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "hiển thị những dòng không khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "phân biệt HOA/thường"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "chỉ khớp mẫu tại đường ranh giới từ"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "xử lý tập tin nhị phân như là dạng văn bản thường"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "không khớp mẫu trong các tập tin nhị phân"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "xử lý tập tin nhị phân với các bộ lọc “textconv”"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "giảm xuống ít nhất mức <sâu>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "dùng biểu thức chính qui POSIX có mở rộng"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "sử dụng biểu thức chính quy kiểu POSIX (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "diễn dịch các mẫu như là chuỗi cố định"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "sử dụng biểu thức chính quy tương thích Perl"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "hiển thị số của dòng"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "không hiển thị tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "hiển thị tên tập tin tương đối với thư mục đỉnh (top)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên tập tin thay vì những dòng khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "đồng nghĩa với --files-with-matches"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên cho những tập tin không khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "thêm NUL vào sau tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "hiển thị số lượng khớp thay vì những dòng khớp với mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "tô sáng phần khớp mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "hiển thị dòng trống giữa các lần khớp từ các tập tin khác biệt"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị tên tập tin một lần phía trên các lần khớp từ cùng một tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung phía trước và sau các lần khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung trước khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng nội dung sau khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "dạng viết tắt của -C SỐ"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "hiển thị dòng vói tên hàm trước các lần khớp"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "hiển thị hàm bao quanh"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "đọc mẫu từ tập-tin"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "match <mẫu>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "tổ hợp mẫu được chỉ ra với tùy chọn -e"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:729
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "đưa ra gợi ý với trạng thái thoát mà không có kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những cái khớp từ tập tin mà nó khớp toàn bộ các mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "hiển thị cây phân tích cú pháp cho biểu thức “grep” (tìm kiếm)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "dàn trang"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin khớp trong trang giấy"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "cho phép gọi grep(1) (bị bỏ qua bởi lần dịch này)"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "hiển thị cách dùng"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:808
+msgid "no pattern given."
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra mẫu."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
+msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
+msgstr "--open-files-in-pager chỉ làm việc trên cây-làm-việc"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:892
+msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
+msgstr "--cached hay --untracked không được sử dụng với --no-index."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
+msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
+msgstr ""
+"--no-index hay --untracked không được sử dụng cùng với các tùy chọn liên "
+"quan đến revs."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:900
+msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard không thể sử dụng cho nội dung lưu dấu vết."
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:908
+msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
+msgstr "cả hai --cached và các cây phải được chỉ ra."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <kiểu>] [-w] [--path=<tập-tin> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <tập-tin>…"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:83
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <danh-sách-đường-dẫn>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94 builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "kiểu"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "kiểu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:95
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "ghi đối tượng vào dữ liệu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "đọc đối tượng từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn stdin"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "lưu các tập tin mà nó không có các bộ lọc"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr "chỉ cần băm rác ngẫu nhiên để tạo một đối tượng hỏng để mà gỡ lỗi Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:101
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "xử lý tập tin như là nó đang ở thư mục này"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các câu lệnh người dùng có thể sử dụng"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách các hướng dẫn hữu dụng"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "hiển thị trang man"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "hiển thị hướng dẫn sử dụng trong trình duyệt web"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "hiện trang info"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<lệnh>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "không nhận ra định dạng trợ giúp “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi khởi chạy emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân tích phiên bản emacsclient."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "phiên bản của emacsclient “%d” quá cũ (< 22)."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:158 builtin/help.c:167 builtin/help.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thực thi “%s”: %s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"“%s”: đường dẫn không hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
+"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng “man.<tool>.cmd” để thay thế."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"“%s”: cmd (lệnh) hỗ trợ bộ trình chiếu man.\n"
+"Hãy cân nhắc đến việc sử dụng “man.<tool>.path” để thay thế."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "“%s”: không rõ chương trình xem man."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:371
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "không có trình xem trợ giúp dạng manpage tiếp hợp với yêu cầu"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:379
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "không có trình xem trợ giúp dạng info tiếp hợp với yêu cầu"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "Định nghĩa các thuộc tính cho mỗi đường dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:429
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "Mỗi ngày học 20 lệnh Git hay hơn"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:430
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Thuật ngữ chuyên môn Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:431
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "Chỉ định các tập tin không cần theo dõi"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "Định nghĩa thuộc tính mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:433
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "Chỉ định điểm xét duyệt và vùng cho Git"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:434
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "Hướng dẫn cách dùng Git ở mức cơ bản (bản 1.5.1 hay mới hơn)"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:435
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Tổng quan về luồng công việc khuyến nghị nên dùng với Git."
+
+#: builtin/help.c:447
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "Các chỉ dẫn chung về cách dùng Git là:\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:468 builtin/help.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "cách dùng: %s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "“git %s” được đặt bí danh thành “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "không thể mở %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "kiểu đối tượng không khớp tại %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy về đối tượng cần %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "đối tượng %s: cần kiểu %s nhưng lại nhận được %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "không thể điền thêm vào %d byte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:275
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "gặp kết thúc tập tin EOF quá sớm"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:276
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "lỗi đọc ở đầu vào"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:288
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "sử dụng nhiều hơn số lượng byte mà nó sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "gói quá lớn so với định nghĩa hiện tại của kiểu off_t"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở packfile “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:330
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "chữ ký cho gói không khớp"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "không hỗ trợ phiên bản gói %<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "gói có đối tượng sai khoảng bù (offset) %lu: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "xả nén trả về %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:520
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "tràn giá trị khoảng bù cho đối tượng delta cơ sở"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:528
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "khoảng bù cơ sở cho delta nằm ngoài phạm vi"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "không hiểu kiểu đối tượng %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:567
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "không thể chạy hàm pread cho tập tin gói"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "tập tin gói bị kết thúc sớm, thiếu %lu byte"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:595
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "sự mâu thuẫn xả nén nghiêm trọng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:686 builtin/index-pack.c:692 builtin/index-pack.c:715
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "SỰ VA CHẠM SHA1 ĐÃ XẢY RA VỚI %s!"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:689 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "không thể đọc %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "không thể đọc đối tượng đã tồn tại %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "đối tượng blob không hợp lệ %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:783
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "%s không hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:787
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "Lỗi trong đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "Không phải tất cả các đối tượng con của %s là có thể với tới được"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:861 builtin/index-pack.c:890
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi áp dụng delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "Đang nhận về các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "Các đối tượng bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1081
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "gói bị sai hỏng (SHA1 không khớp)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1086
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thông tin thống kê packfile"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1089
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "pack có phần thừa ở cuối"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1100
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "lộn xộn hơn cả điên rồ khi chạy hàm parse_pack_objects()"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1123
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "Đang phân giải các delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1133
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tuyến: %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1175
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "lộn xộn hơn cả điên rồ"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "đầy đủ với %d đối tượng nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "Tổng kiểm tra tail không như mong đợi cho %s (đĩa hỏng?)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1195
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "gói có %d delta chưa được giải quyết"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "không thể xả nén đối tượng nối thêm (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "đối tượng nội bộ %s bị hỏng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1322
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi trong khi đóng tập tin gói"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể ghi tập tin giữ lại “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1343
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đóng tập tin giữ lại đã được ghi “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1356
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "không thể lưu tập tin gói"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "không thể lưu trữ tập tin ghi mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "sai pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "số tuyến chỉ ra không hợp lệ (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1410 builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "không hỗ trợ đa tuyến, bỏ qua %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin gói đã sẵn có “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin idx của gói cho “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "không delta: %d đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "chiều dài xích = %d: %lu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1553
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "Không thể quay lại cwd"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1601 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1616 builtin/index-pack.c:1620
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "%s sai"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1634
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin không thể được dùng mà không có --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638 builtin/index-pack.c:1647
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "tên tập tin tập tin gói “%s” không được kết thúc bằng đuôi “.pack”"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1655
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "dùng tùy chọn --verify mà không đưa ra tên packfile"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:35
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
+msgstr "Không thể làm %s được ghi bởi nhóm"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:62
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template name %s"
+msgstr "tên mẫu dài một cách điên rồ %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:67
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thông tin thống kê về “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:73
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot stat template '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể lấy thông tin thống kê về mẫu “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:80
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot opendir '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể opendir() “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:97
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot readlink '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể readlink “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long symlink %s"
+msgstr "liên kết mềm dài một cách điên rồ %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo liên kết mềm (symlink) “%s” “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:106
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot copy '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể sao chép “%s” sang “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "ignoring template %s"
+msgstr "đang lờ đi mẫu “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:136
+#, c-format
+msgid "insanely long template path %s"
+msgstr "đường dẫn mẫu “%s” dài một cách điên rồ"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:144
+#, c-format
+msgid "templates not found %s"
+msgstr "các mẫu không được tìm thấy %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
+msgstr "không sao chép các mẫu của phiên bản sai định dạng %d từ “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane git directory %s"
+msgstr "thư mục git điên rồ %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:331 builtin/init-db.c:334
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s already exists"
+msgstr "%s đã có từ trước rồi"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
+msgstr "không thể xử lý (handle) tập tin kiểu %d"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:366
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
+msgstr "không di chuyển được %s vào %s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:426
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
+msgstr "%s%s kho Git trong %s%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Reinitialized existing"
+msgstr "Khởi tạo lại đã sẵn có rồi"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
+msgid "Initialized empty"
+msgstr "Khởi tạo trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:428
+msgid " shared"
+msgstr " đã chia sẻ"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--shared"
+"[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<thư-mục-tạm>] [--shared[=<các-"
+"quyền>]] [thư-mục]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:498
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "các quyền"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:499
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "chỉ ra cái mà kho git được chia sẻ giữa nhiều người dùng"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:501 builtin/prune-packed.c:57 builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "im lặng"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533 builtin/init-db.c:538
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
+msgstr "không thể mkdir (tạo thư mục): %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:542
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
+msgstr "không thể chdir (chuyển đổi thư mục) sang %s"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:563
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
+"dir=<directory>)"
+msgstr ""
+"%s (hoặc --work-tree=<thư-mục>) không cho phép không chỉ định %s (hoặc --git-"
+"dir=<thư-mục>)"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:591
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể truy cập cây (tree) làm việc “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] "
+"[<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <thẻ>[(=|:)<giá-trị>])…] "
+"[<tập-tin>…]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:25
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "bộ dò vết cắt bỏ phần trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "bộ dò vết"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "bộ dò vết cần thêm"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<vùng xem xét>] [[--] <đường-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<các-tùy-chọn>] <đối-tượng>…"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "tùy chọn--decorate không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "chặn mọi kết xuất từ diff"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "hiển thị mã nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:129
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "Sử dụng tập tin ánh xạ thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:130
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "các tùy chọn trang trí"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:133
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "Xử lý chỉ dòng vùng n,m trong tập tin, tính từ 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:229
+#, c-format
+msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
+msgstr "Kết xuất cuối cùng: %d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: sai tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:472 builtin/log.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read object %s"
+msgstr "Không thể đọc đối tượng %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown type: %d"
+msgstr "Không nhận ra kiểu: %d"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:689
+msgid "format.headers without value"
+msgstr "format.headers không có giá trị cụ thể"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:773
+msgid "name of output directory is too long"
+msgstr "tên của thư mục kết xuất quá dài"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
+msgstr "Không thể mở tập tin miếng vá: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:803
+msgid "Need exactly one range."
+msgstr "Cần chính xác một vùng."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:811
+msgid "Not a range."
+msgstr "Không phải là một vùng."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:919
+msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
+msgstr "“Cover letter” cần cho định dạng thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:998
+#, c-format
+msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
+msgstr "in-reply-to điên rồ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1026
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<kể-từ> | <vùng-xem-xét>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1071
+msgid "Two output directories?"
+msgstr "Hai thư mục kết xuất?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "dùng [PATCH n/m] ngay cả với miếng vá đơn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "dùng [VÁ] ngay cả với các miếng vá phức tạp"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "hiển thị miếng vá ra đầu ra chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1195
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "tạo bì thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "sử dụng chỗi dãy số dạng đơn giản cho tên tập-tin xuất ra"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "sfx"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "sử dụng <sfx> thay cho “.patch”"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1201
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "bắt đầu đánh số miếng vá từ <n> thay vì 1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "đánh dấu chuỗi nối tiếp dạng thứ-N re-roll"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "Dùng [<tiền-tố>] thay cho [VÁ]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "lưu các tập tin kết quả trong <t.mục>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "không strip/add [VÁ]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "không kết xuất diff (những khác biệt) nhị phân"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "không bao gồm miếng vá khớp với một lần chuyển giao thượng nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1218
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "hiển thị định dạng miếng vá thay vì mặc định (miếng vá + thống kê)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "Lời nhắn"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "đầu đề thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "thêm đầu đề thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223 builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "thư điện tử"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "thêm To: đầu đề thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "thêm Cc: đầu đề thư"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1227
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "thụt lề"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1228
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr ""
+"đặt “Địa chỉ gửi” thành <thụ lề> (hoặc thụt lề người commit nếu bỏ quên)"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1230
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "message-id"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "dùng thư đầu tiên để trả lời <message-id>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232 builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "ranh giới"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "đính kèm miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "dùng miếng vá làm nội dung"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1240
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "cho phép luồng lời nhắn, kiểu: “shallow”, “deep”"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1242
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "chữ ký"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1243
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "thêm chữ ký"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1245
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "thêm chữ ký từ một tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1246
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "không hiển thị các tên tập tin của miếng vá"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "dòng thụt lề không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1335
+msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "-n và  -k loại từ lẫn nhau."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1337
+msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
+msgstr "--subject-prefix và -k xung khắc nhau."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1345
+msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-only không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1347
+msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
+msgstr "--name-status không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1349
+msgid "--check does not make sense"
+msgstr "--check không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1372
+msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
+msgstr "đầu ra chuẩn, hay thư mục, chọn cái nào?"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1374
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1472
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đọc tập tin chữ ký “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1535
+msgid "Failed to create output files"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tạo các tập tin kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1583
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<thượng-nguồn> [<đầu> [<giới-hạn>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1638
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy nhánh mạng được theo dõi, hãy chỉ định <thượng-nguồn> một "
+"cách thủ công.\n"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1651 builtin/log.c:1653 builtin/log.c:1665
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown commit %s"
+msgstr "Không hiểu lần chuyển giao %s"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:358
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<tập-tin>…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:415
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "nhận dạng các trạng thái tập tin với thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:417
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng chữ cái viết thường cho các tập tin “assume unchanged” (giả định không "
+"thay đổi)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:419
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin được nhớ tạm vào đầu ra (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:421
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin đã xóa trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:423
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin đã bị sửa đổi ra kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin khác trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin bị bỏ qua trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:430
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị tên đối tượng của nội dung được đặt lên bệ phóng ra kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:432
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin trên hệ thống tập tin mà nó cần được gỡ bỏ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:434
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên của các thư mục “khác”"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "không hiển thị thư mục rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:440
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tập tin chưa hòa trộn trong kết xuất"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "hiển thị thông tin resolve-undo"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "bỏ qua những tập tin khớp với một mẫu"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:447
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "mẫu loại trừ được đọc từ <tập tin>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "đọc thêm các mẫu ngoại trừ mỗi thư mục trong <tập tin>"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:452
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "thêm loại trừ tiêu chuẩn kiểu git"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "làm cho kết xuất liên quan đến thư mục ở mức cao nhất (gốc) của dự án"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:458
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "nếu <tập tin> bất kỳ không ở trong bảng mục lục, xử lý nó như một lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "tree-ish"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr ""
+"giả định rằng các đường dẫn đã bị gỡ bỏ kể từ <tree-ish> nay vẫn hiện diện"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "hiển thị dữ liệu gỡ lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tree-ish> [<đường-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các tree"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "đệ quy vào các thư mục con"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:131
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "hiển thị cây khi đệ quy"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "chấm dứt mục tin với byte NUL"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "gồm cả kích thước đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:137 builtin/ls-tree.c:139
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "chỉ liệt kê tên tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "dùng tên đường dẫn đầy đủ"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:144
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "liệt kê cây mục tin; không chỉ thư mục hiện hành (ngụ ý --full-name)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<commit>…]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tin-nhắn> HEAD <commit>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:100
+msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
+msgstr "switch “m” yêu cầu một giá trị"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy chiến lược hòa trộn “%s”.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available strategies are:"
+msgstr "Các chiến lược sẵn sàng là:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:143
+#, c-format
+msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
+msgstr "Các chiến lược tùy chỉnh sẵn sàng là:"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:193
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "không hiển thị thống kê khác biệt tại cuối của lần hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "hiển thị thống kê khác biệt tại cuối của hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "(đồng nghĩa với --stat)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:199
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr "thêm (ít nhất <n>) mục từ shortlog cho ghi chú chuyển giao hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "tạo một lần chuyển giao đưon thay vì thực hiện việc hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "thực hiện chuyển giao nếu hòa trộn thành công (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "sửa chú thích trước khi chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "cho phép fast-forward (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "bỏ qua nếu fast-forward không thể được"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "Thẩm tra xem lần chuyển giao có tên đó có chữ ký GPG hợp lệ hay không"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214 builtin/notes.c:753 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "chiến lược"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "chiến lược hòa trộn sẽ dùng"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "tùy_chọn=giá_trị"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "tùy chọn cho chiến lược hòa trộn đã chọn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr ""
+"hòa trộn ghi chú của lần chuyển giao (dành cho hòa trộn non-fast-forward)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:223
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "bãi bỏ quá trình hòa trộn hiện tại đang thực hiện"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:251
+msgid "could not run stash."
+msgstr "không thể chạy stash."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:256
+msgid "stash failed"
+msgstr "stash gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "not a valid object: %s"
+msgstr "không phải là một đối tượng hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:280 builtin/merge.c:297
+msgid "read-tree failed"
+msgstr "read-tree gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:327
+msgid " (nothing to squash)"
+msgstr " (không có gì để squash)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:340
+#, c-format
+msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Squash commit -- không cập nhật HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:372
+msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Đang ghi SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:374
+msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "Hoàn thành SQUASH_MSG"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:397
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
+msgstr "Không có lời chú thích hòa trộn -- nên không cập nhật HEAD\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:447
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "“%s” không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao nào cả"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:559
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
+msgstr "Chuỗi branch.%s.mergeoptions sai: %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:654
+msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
+msgstr "lệnh git write-tree gặp lỗi khi ghi một cây"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:678
+msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
+msgstr "Không cầm nắm gì ngoài hai head hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:692
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
+msgstr "Không hiểu tùy chọn cho merge-recursive: -X%s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:705
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write %s"
+msgstr "không thể ghi %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:794
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đọc từ “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Vẫn chưa hòa trộn các lần chuyển giao; sử dụng lệnh “git commit” để hoàn tất "
+"việc hòa trộn.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:809
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
+"especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"the commit.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Hãy nhập vào các thông tin để giải thích tại sao sự hòa trộn này là cần "
+"thiết,\n"
+"đặc biệt là khi nó hòa trộn thượng nguồn đã cập nhật vào trong một nhánh "
+"topic.\n"
+"\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua, và phần chú thích này nếu "
+"rỗng\n"
+"sẽ hủy bỏ lần chuyển giao.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:833
+msgid "Empty commit message."
+msgstr "Chú thích của lần commit (chuyển giao) bị trống rỗng."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:845
+#, c-format
+msgid "Wonderful.\n"
+msgstr "Thần kỳ.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:900
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Việc tự động hòa trộn gặp lỗi; hãy sửa các xung đột sau đó chuyển giao kết "
+"quả.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
+msgstr "%s không phải là một lần commit (chuyển giao)"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:957
+msgid "No current branch."
+msgstr "không phải nhánh hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:959
+msgid "No remote for the current branch."
+msgstr "Không có máy chủ cho nhánh hiện hành."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
+msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
+msgstr "Không có thượng nguồn mặc định được định nghĩa cho nhánh hiện hành."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:966
+#, c-format
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "Không nhánh mạng theo dõi cho %s từ %s"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1122
+msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
+msgstr ""
+"Ở đây không có lần hòa trộn nào được hủy bỏ giữa chừng cả (thiếu MERGE_HEAD)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1138
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộn (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
+"Hãy chuyển giao các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:34
+msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộn (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1145
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn chưa kết thúc việc cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
+"Hãy chuyển giao các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
+msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
+msgstr "Bạn chưa kết thúc việc cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD vẫn tồn tại)."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1157
+msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
+msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --squash với --no-ff."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
+msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
+msgstr "Không chỉ ra lần chuyển giao và merge.defaultToUpstream chưa được đặt."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1198
+msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể hòa trộn một cách đúng đắn một lần chuyển giao vào một head rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1201
+msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
+msgstr "Squash commit vào một head trống rỗng vẫn chưa được hỗ trợ"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1203
+msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
+msgstr ""
+"Chuyển giao không-fast-forward không hợp lý ở trong một head trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1208
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
+msgstr "%s - không phải là một số thứ chúng tôi có thể hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr ""
+"Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG không đáng tin, được cho là bởi %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG sai, được cho là bởi %s."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s không có chữ ký GPG."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "Lần chuyển giao %s có một chữ ký GPG tốt bởi %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1349
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
+msgstr "Đang cập nhật %s..%s\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1388
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
+msgstr "Đang thử hòa trộn kiểu “trivial in-index”…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1395
+#, c-format
+msgid "Nope.\n"
+msgstr "Không.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1427
+msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
+msgstr "Thực hiện lệnh fast-forward là không thể được, đang bỏ qua."
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1450 builtin/merge.c:1529
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
+msgstr "Đang tua lại cây thành thời xa xưa…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1454
+#, c-format
+msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
+msgstr "Đang thử chiến lược hòa trộn %s…\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1520
+#, c-format
+msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
+msgstr "Không có chiến lược hòa trộn nào được nắm giữ (handle) sự hòa trộn.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1522
+#, c-format
+msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
+msgstr "Hòa trộn với chiến lược %s gặp lỗi.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
+#, c-format
+msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
+msgstr "Sử dụng %s để chuẩn bị giải quyết bằng tay.\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
+#, c-format
+msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Hòa trộn tự động đã trở nên tốt; bị dừng trước khi việc chuyển giao được yêu "
+"cầu\n"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <lần_chuyển_giao> <lần_chuyển_giao>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <lần_chuyển_giao>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <lần_chuyển_giao>…"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <lần_chuyển_giao>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <tham-chiếu> [<lần_chuyển_giao>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "xuất ra tất cả các ông bà, tổ tiên chung"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "tìm tổ tiên của hòa trộn n-way đơn"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "liệt kê các “rev” mà nó không thể đọc được từ cái khác"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "là cha mẹ đầu tiên của cái khác?"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "tìm xem <commit> được rẽ nhánh ở đâu từ reflog của <th.chiếu>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<các-tùy-chọn>] [-L <tên1> [-L <gốc> [-L <tên2>]]] <tập-"
+"tin1> <tập-tin-gốc> <tập-tin2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "gửi kết quả vào đầu ra tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "dùng kiểu hòa dựa trên diff3"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, sử dụng phiên bản của chúng ta"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, sử dụng phiên bản của họ"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, sử dụng phiên bản kết hợp"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "để tránh xung đột, hãy sử dụng kích thước bộ tạo này"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "không cảnh báo về các xung đột xảy ra"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "đặt nhãn cho tập-tin-1/tập-tin-gốc/tập-tin-2"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:64
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:150
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "đầu vào được chấm dứt bởi NUL"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:151 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "cho phép thiếu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "cho phép tạo nhiều hơn một cây"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<các-tùy-chọn>] <nguồn>… <đích>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "Thư mục “%s” có ở trong chỉ mục mà không có mô-đun con?"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:71
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Hãy đưa các thay đổi của bạn vào .gitmodules hay tạm cất chúng đi để xử lý"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:111
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "ép buộc di chuyển hay đổi tên thậm chí cả khi đích đã tồn tại"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "bỏ qua các lỗi liên quan đến di chuyển, đổi tên"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "có đích “%s” nhưng đây không phải là một thư mục"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
+msgstr "Đang kiểm tra việc đổi tên của “%s” thành “%s”\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:166
+msgid "bad source"
+msgstr "nguồn sai"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:169
+msgid "can not move directory into itself"
+msgstr "không thể di chuyển một thư mục vào trong chính nó được"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:172
+msgid "cannot move directory over file"
+msgstr "không di chuyển được thư mục thông qua tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
+msgid "source directory is empty"
+msgstr "thư mục nguồn là trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:206
+msgid "not under version control"
+msgstr "không nằm dưới sự quản lý mã nguồn"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:209
+msgid "destination exists"
+msgstr "đích đã tồn tại sẵn rồi"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:217
+#, c-format
+msgid "overwriting '%s'"
+msgstr "đang ghi đè lên “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:220
+msgid "Cannot overwrite"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi đè"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:223
+msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
+msgstr "Nhiều nguồn cho cùng một đích"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:225
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "thư mục đích không tồn tại"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
+msgstr "%s, nguồn=%s, đích=%s"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:253
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
+msgstr "Đổi tên %s thành %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:256 builtin/remote.c:728 builtin/repack.c:359
+#, c-format
+msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đổi tên “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:255
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<các-tùy-chọn>] <commit>…"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:256
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<các-tùy-chọn>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:257
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<các-tùy-chọn>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:309
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị tên (không SHA-1)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:310
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "chỉ dùng các thẻ để đặt tên cho các lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "chỉ sử dụng các tham chiếu khớp với <mẫu>"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr ""
+"liệt kê tất cả các lần chuyển giao có thể đọc được từ tất cả các tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "đọc từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "cho phép in các tên “chưa định nghĩa” (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "bãi bỏ tham chiếu các thẻ trong đầu vào (dùng nội bộ)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<đối-tượng>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <lời-nhắn> | -F "
+"<tập-tin> | (-c | -C) <đối-tượng>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <lời-nhắn> | -F "
+"<tập-tin> | (-c | -C) <đối-tượng>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <chiến-lược> ] <notes-ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<đối-tượng>…]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<đối tượng>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<các-tùy-chọn>] <từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<từ-đối-tượng> <đến-đối-tượng>]…"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<đối-tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<đối tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<đối tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<các-tùy-chọn>] <notes-ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<đối tượng>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể khởi chạy “show” cho đối tượng “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:150
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "không thể đọc kết xuất “show”"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi hoàn thành “show” cho đối tượng “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:173 builtin/tag.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create file '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể tạo tập tin “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:192
+msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
+msgstr ""
+"Xin hãy áp dụng nội dung của ghi chú sử dụng hoặc là tùy chọn -m hoặc là -F"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:201
+msgid "unable to write note object"
+msgstr "không thể ghi đối tượng ghi chú (note)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:203
+#, c-format
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "Nội dung ghi chú còn lại %s"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:231 builtin/tag.c:693
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể đọc “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:233 builtin/tag.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể mở hay đọc “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/notes.c:303 builtin/notes.c:305
+#: builtin/notes.c:365 builtin/notes.c:420 builtin/notes.c:506
+#: builtin/notes.c:511 builtin/notes.c:589 builtin/notes.c:652
+#: builtin/notes.c:854 builtin/tag.c:709
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s” như là một tham chiếu hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đọc đối tượng “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "không thể đọc dữ liệu ghi chú từ đối tượng không-blob “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
+msgstr "Dòng đầu vào dị hình: “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:314
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi sao chép ghi chú (note) từ “%s” tới “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:358 builtin/notes.c:413 builtin/notes.c:489
+#: builtin/notes.c:501 builtin/notes.c:577 builtin/notes.c:645
+#: builtin/notes.c:919
+msgid "too many parameters"
+msgstr "quá nhiều đối số"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:658
+#, c-format
+msgid "No note found for object %s."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy ghi chú cho đối tượng %s."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:392 builtin/notes.c:555
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "nội dung ghi chú (note) nằm trong một chuỗi"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:395 builtin/notes.c:558
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "nội dung ghi chú (note) nằm trong một tập tin"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:397 builtin/notes.c:400 builtin/notes.c:560
+#: builtin/notes.c:563 builtin/tag.c:628
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "dùng lại nhưng có sửa chữa đối tượng note đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:401 builtin/notes.c:564
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "dùng lại đối tượng ghi chú (note) đã chỉ ra"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:567
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "cho lưu trữ ghi chú trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:476
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "thay thế ghi chú trước"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:430
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể thêm các ghi chú. Đã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã có sẵn cho đối tượng "
+"%s. Sử dụng tùy chọn “-f” để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:524
+#, c-format
+msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Đang ghi đè lên ghi chú cũ cho đối tượng %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:617 builtin/notes.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "Đang gỡ bỏ ghi chú (note) cho đối tượng %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:477
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "đọc các đối tượng từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:479
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "tải cấu hình chép lại cho <lệnh> (ngầm định là --stdin)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:497
+msgid "too few parameters"
+msgstr "quá ít đối số"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
+"existing notes"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể sao chép các ghi chú. Đã tìm thấy các ghi chú đã có sẵn cho đối "
+"tượng %s. Sử dụng tùy chọn “-f” để ghi đè lên các ghi chú cũ"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:530
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
+msgstr "Thiếu ghi chú trên đối tượng nguồn %s. Không thể sao chép."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
+"Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Các tùy chọn -m/-F/-c/-C đã cổ không còn dùng nữa cho lệnh con “edit”.\n"
+"Xin hãy sử dụng lệnh sau để thay thế: “git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C”.\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:750
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn chung"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:752
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn về hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:754
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr ""
+"phân giải các xung đột “notes” sử dụng chiến lược đã đưa ra (manual/ours/"
+"theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:756
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "Chuyển giao các note chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:758
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr ""
+"các note cuối cùng được hòa trộn bởi các note chưa hòa trộn của lần chuyển "
+"giao"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:760
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "Hủy bỏ phân giải ghi chú (note) hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:762
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "bỏ qua hòa trộn các ghi chú (note)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
+#, c-format
+msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
+msgstr "Đối tượng %s không có ghi chú (note)\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "cố gắng gỡ bỏ một note chưa từng tồn tại không phải là một lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:872
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "đọc tên đối tượng từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:953
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "notes-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:954
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "dùng “notes” từ <notes-ref>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:989 builtin/remote.c:1621
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
+msgstr "Không hiểu câu lệnh con: %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects --stdout [các-tùy-chọn…] [< danh-sách-ref | < danh-sách-đối-"
+"tượng]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr ""
+"git pack-objects [các-tùy-chọn…] base-name [< danh-sách-ref | < danh-sách-"
+"đối-tượng]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "lỗi giải nén (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:771
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "Đang ghi lại các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1013
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr "tắt ghi bitmap, như vậy một số đối tượng sẽ không được đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2173
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "Đang nén các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2570
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported index version %s"
+msgstr "phiên bản mục lục không được hỗ trợ %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2574
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad index version '%s'"
+msgstr "phiên bản mục lục sai “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
+#, c-format
+msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
+msgstr "tùy chọn %s không chấp nhận dạng thức âm"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
+msgstr "không thể phân tích giá trị “%s” cho tùy chọn %s"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "không hiển thị bộ đo tiến trình"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "hiển thị bộ đo tiến trình"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "hiển thị bộ đo tiến triển trong suốt pha ghi đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2628
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "tương tự --all-progress khi bộ đo tiến trình được xuất hiện"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "phiên bản[,offset]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2630
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "ghi tập tin bảng mục lục gói (pack) ở phiên bản định dạng idx đã cho"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "kcíh thước tối đa cho tập tin gói được tạo"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2635
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "bỏ qua các đối tượng vay mượn từ kho đối tượng thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2637
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "bỏ qua các đối tượng đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "giới hạn cửa sổ đóng gói theo đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2641
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "giới hạn cửa sổ đóng gói theo bộ nhớ cộng thêm với giới hạn đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2643
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "độ dài tối đa của chuỗi móc xích “delta” được phép trong gói kết quả"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "dùng lại các delta sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "dùng lại các đối tượng sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "dùng các đối tượng OFS_DELTA"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "sử dụng các tuyến trình khi tìm kiếm cho các mẫu khớp delta tốt nhất"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2653
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "không thể tạo kết xuất gói trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2655
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr " đọc tham số “revision” từ thiết bị nhập chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2657
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "giới hạn các đối tượng thành những cái mà chúng vẫn chưa được đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng có thể đọc được từ bất kỳ tham chiếu nào"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2663
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng được tham chiếu bởi các mục reflog"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng được tham chiếu bởi mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2669
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "xuất gói ra đầu ra tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2671
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "bao gồm các đối tượng tham chiếu đến các đối tượng được đóng gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2673
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "giữ lại các đối tượng không thể đọc được"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2674 parse-options.h:140
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "thời-gian"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2675
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr ""
+"xả nén (gỡ khỏi gói) các đối tượng không thể đọc được mới hơn <thời-gian>"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2678
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "tạo gói nhẹ"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2680
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "tạo gói để phù hợp cho lấy về nông (shallow)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2682
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "bỏ qua các gói mà nó có tập tin .keep đi kèm"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2684
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "mức nén gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2686
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "không ẩn các lần chuyển giao bởi “grafts”"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2688
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr "dùng mục lục ánh xạ nếu có thể được để nâng cao tốc độ đếm đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2690
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "ghi một mục lục ánh xạ cùng với mục lục gói"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2781
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "Đang đếm các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "đóng gói mọi thứ"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "prune (cắt cụt) những tham chiếu bị mất (mặc định)"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "Đang gỡ các đối tượng trùng lặp"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <thời-gian>] [--] [<head>…]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "không gỡ bỏ, chỉ hiển thị"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "báo cáo các đối tượng đã prune"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:110
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "các đối tượng hết hạn cũ hơn khoảng <thời gian>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<kho-chứa> [<refspec>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:85
+msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
+msgstr "dùng tốc ký tag không có <thẻ>"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:95
+msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
+msgstr "--delete chỉ chấp nhận các tên tham chiếu dạng thường"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Để chọn mỗi tùy chọn một cách cố định, xem push.default trong “git help "
+"config”."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:142
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh thượng nguồn của nhánh hiện tại của bạn không khớp\n"
+"với tên của nhánh hiện tại của bạn.  Để đẩy lên đến nhánh thượng nguồn\n"
+"trên máy chủ, sử dụng\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"Để push tới nhánh cùng tên trên máy chủ, sử dụng\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:157
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are not currently on a branch.\n"
+"To push the history leading to the current (detached HEAD)\n"
+"state now, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn hiện nay không ở một nhánh.\n"
+"Để đẩy lịch sử lên trên trạng thái hiện hành (HEAD đã bị tách rời)\n"
+"ngay bây giờ, sử dụng\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<tên-của-nhánh-máy-chủ>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
+"To push the current branch and set the remote as upstream, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Nhánh hiện tại %s không có nhánh thượng nguồn nào.\n"
+"Để push (đẩy lên) nhánh hiện tại và đặt máy chủ này làm thượng nguồn "
+"(upstream), sử dụng\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
+msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại %s có nhiều nhánh thượng nguồn, từ chối push."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đang push (đẩy lên) máy chủ “%s”, mà nó không phải là thượng nguồn "
+"(upstream) của\n"
+"nhánh hiện tại “%s” của bạn, mà không báo cho tôi biết là cái gì được push\n"
+"để cập nhật nhánh máy chủ nào."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:205
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+"to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+"\n"
+"Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+"behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+"remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"biến push.default chưa được đặt; giá trị ngầm định của nó\n"
+"đã được thay đổi trong Git 2.0 từ “matching” thành “simple”.\n"
+"Để không hiển thị nhắc nhở này và duy trì cách xử lý cũ, hãy chạy lệnh:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"Để không hiển thị nhắc nhở này và áp dụng cách ứng xử mới, hãy chạy lệnh:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"Khi push.default được đặt thành “matching”, git sẽ đẩy các nhánh nội bộ\n"
+"lên các nhánh trên máy chủ, cái mà đã sẵn có và cùng tên.\n"
+"\n"
+"Trong 2.0, Git sẽ mặc định duy trì các ứng xử “simple”,\n"
+"cái này chỉ đẩy những nhánh hiện hành lên các nhánh tương ứng\n"
+"trên máy chủ cái mà lệnh “git pull” dùng để cập nhật nhánh hiện tại.\n"
+"\n"
+"Xem “git help config” và tìm đến “push.default” để có thêm thông tin.\n"
+"(chế độ “simple” được bắt đầu sử dụng từ Git 1.7.11. Sử dụng chế độ tương "
+"tự\n"
+"“current” thay vì “simple” nếu bạn thỉnh thoảng phải sử dụng bản Git cũ)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:272
+msgid ""
+"You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đã không chỉ ra một refspecs nào để đẩy lên, và push.default là \"không "
+"là gì cả\"."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:279
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh hiện tại của bạn nằm đằng\n"
+"sau bộ phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Hòa trộn với các thay đổi từ máy chủ\n"
+"(v.d. \"git pull …\") trước khi đẩy lên lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards” trong “git push --help” để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh đã đẩy lên nằm đằng sau "
+"bộ\n"
+"phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Checkou nhánh này và hòa trộn với các thay đổi\n"
+"từ máy chủ (v.d. “git pull …”) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards” trong “git push --help” để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì máy chủ có chứa công việc mà bạn không\n"
+"có ở máy nội bộ của mình. Lỗi này thường có nguyên nhân bởi kho khác đẩy\n"
+"dữ liệu lên cùng một tham chiếu. Bạn có lẽ muốn hòa trộn với các thay đổi\n"
+"từ máy chủ (v.d. “git pull…”) trước khi lại push lần nữa.\n"
+"Xem “Note about fast-forwards” trong “git push --help” để có thông tin chi "
+"tiết."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:298
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì thẻ đã sẵn có từ trước trên máy chủ."
+
+#: builtin/push.c:301
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể cập nhật một tham chiếu trên máy chủ mà nó chỉ đến đối tượng "
+"không\n"
+"phải là lần chuyển giao, hoặc cập nhật một tham chiếu máy chủ để nó chỉ đến "
+"đối tượng\n"
+"không phải chuyển giao, mà không sử dụng tùy chọn “--force”.\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
+msgstr "Đang đẩy lên %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:364
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đẩy tới một số tham chiếu đến “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:394
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad repository '%s'"
+msgstr "repository (kho) sai “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:395
+msgid ""
+"No configured push destination.\n"
+"Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
+"repository using\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"and then push using the remote name\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <name>\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Chưa cấu hình đích để đẩy lên.\n"
+"Hoặc là chỉ ra URL từ dòng lệnh hoặc là cấu hình một kho máy chủ sử dụng\n"
+"\n"
+"    git remote add <tên> <url>\n"
+"\n"
+"và sau đó đẩy lên sử dụng tên máy chủ\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push <tên>\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:410
+msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all và --tags xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:411
+msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--all không thể được tổ hợp cùng với đặc tả đường dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:416
+msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
+msgstr "--mirror và --tags xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:417
+msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
+msgstr "--mirror không thể được tổ hợp cùng với đặc tả đường dẫn"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:422
+msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
+msgstr "--all và --mirror xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:502
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "kho"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:503
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "đẩy tất cả các tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:504
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "mirror tất cả các tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "xóa các tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "đẩy các thẻ (không dùng cùng với --all hay --mirror)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "ép buộc cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:512
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "tên-tham-chiếu>:<cần"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "yêu cầu giá-trị cũ của tham chiếu thì là giá-trị này"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "điều khiển việc đẩy lên (push) đệ qui của mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:518
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "tạo gói nhẹ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519 builtin/push.c:520
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "chương trình nhận gói"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "đặt thượng nguồn cho git pull/status"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "xén tỉa những tham chiếu bị gỡ bỏ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:526
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "vòng qua móc tiền-đẩy (pre-push)"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "push phần bị thiếu nhưng các thẻ lại thích hợp"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "ký lần đẩy dùng GPG"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "yêu cầu giao dịch hạt nhân bên phía máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:539
+msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
+msgstr "--delete là xung khắc với các tùy chọn --all, --mirror và --tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:541
+msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
+msgstr "--delete không hợp lý nếu không có bất kỳ tham chiếu nào"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<tiền-"
+"tố>] [-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] "
+"[--index-output=<tập-tin>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-"
+"ish3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "ghi mục lục kết quả vào <tập-tin>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "chỉ với bảng mục lục trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "Hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "thực hiện một hòa trộn thêm vào việc đọc"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr ""
+"hòa trộn kiểu “3-way” nếu không có tập tin mức hòa trộn nào được yêu cầu "
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "hòa trộn 3-way trong sự hiện diện của “adds” và “removes”"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "giống với -m, nhưng bỏ qua các mục chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<thư-mục-con>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "đọc cây vào trong bảng mục lục dưới <thư_mục_con>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "cập nhật cây làm việc với kết quả hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "cho phép các tập tin rõ ràng bị lờ đi được ghi đè"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "không kiểm tra cây làm việc sau hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "không cập nhật bảng mục lục hay cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "bỏ qua áp dụng bộ lọc lấy ra (checkout) thưa thớt"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "gỡ lỗi “unpack-trees”"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "giá trị %s dành cho “%s” không phải là dấu vết thời gian hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:546 builtin/reflog.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "“%s” không phải là dấu thời gian hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <nhánh>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags|--no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <tên> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:33
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <tên-cũ> <tên-mới>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:38
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:43
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <nhánh>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<nhóm> | <máy-chủ>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <tên> <nhánh>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <tên> <url-mới> [<url-cũ>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <tên> <url-mới>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:71
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <tên> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:28
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tên> <url>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <tên> <nhánh>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <tên> <nhánh>…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:54
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:59
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:64
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<nhóm> | <máy-chủ>]…"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "Đang cập nhật %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:120
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror nguy hiểm và không dùng nữa; xin hãy\n"
+"\t sử dụng tùy chọn --mirror=fetch hoặc --mirror=push để thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "không hiểu tham số máy bản sao (mirror): %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:153
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "lấy về các nhánh từ máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:155
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "nhập vào tất cả các đối tượng thẻ và thành phần liên quan khi lấy về"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:158
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "hoặc không lấy về bất kỳ thẻ nào (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:160
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "các nhánh để theo dõi"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "nhánh master"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:162
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "đặt máy chủ (remote) như là một máy bản sao để push hay fetch từ đó"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:175
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "đang chỉ định một nhánh master không hợp lý với tùy chọn --mirror"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:177
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "chỉ định những nhánh để theo dõi chỉ hợp lý với các “fetch mirror”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187 builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "máy chủ %s đã tồn tại rồi."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:191 builtin/remote.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "“%s” không phải tên máy chủ hợp lệ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:235
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể cài đặt nhánh master “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy ánh xạ (map) fetch cho đặc tả tham chiếu %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:436 builtin/remote.c:444
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "(khớp)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "(xóa)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:592 builtin/remote.c:598 builtin/remote.c:604
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể nối thêm “%s” vào “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:636 builtin/remote.c:795 builtin/remote.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "Không có máy chủ nào như thế: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đổi tên phần của cấu hình từ “%s” thành “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:659 builtin/remote.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ phần cấu hình “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Không cập nhật “non-default fetch respec”\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tXin hãy cập nhật phần cấu hình một cách thủ công nếu thấy cần thiết."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể nối thêm “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:691
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "Không thể đặt “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:713
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xóa “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi tạo “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ nhánh “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:833
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"Chú ý: Một số nhánh nằm ngoài hệ thống refs/remotes/ đã không được gỡ bỏ "
+"đi;\n"
+"để xóa đi, sử dụng:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " mới (lần lấy về tiếp theo sẽ lưu trong remotes/%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:951
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " được theo dõi"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:953
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " cũ rích (dùng “git remote prune” để gỡ bỏ)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:955
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "branch.%s.merge không hợp lệ; không thể cải tổ về phía > 1 nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "thực hiện rebase trên máy chủ %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1006
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " hòa trộn với máy chủ %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1007
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    và với máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "hòa trộn với máy chủ %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1010
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   và với máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1056
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "tạo"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1059
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "xóa"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1063
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "đã cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1066
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "có-thể-fast-forward"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1069
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "dữ liệu nội bộ đã cũ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1076
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s ép buộc thành %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1079
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s đẩy lên thành %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s ép buộc thành %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s đẩy lên thành %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "không truy vấn các máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* máy chủ %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL để lấy về: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1183 builtin/remote.c:1334
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(không có URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1192 builtin/remote.c:1194
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  URL để đẩy lên: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1196 builtin/remote.c:1198 builtin/remote.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  Nhánh HEAD: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1202
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  nhánh HEAD (HEAD máy chủ chưa rõ ràng, có lẽ là một trong số sau):\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  Những nhánh trên máy chủ:%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1217 builtin/remote.c:1244
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr " (trạng thái không được yêu cầu)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1226
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  Những nhánh nội bộ đã được cấu hình cho lệnh “git pull”:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1234
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  refs nội bộ sẽ được phản chiếu bởi lệnh “git push”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1241
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  Những tham chiếu nội bộ được cấu hình cho lệnh “git push”%s:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1262
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "đặt refs/remotes/<tên>/HEAD cho phù hợp với máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1264
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "xóa refs/remotes/<tên>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1279
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể xác định được HEAD máy chủ"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "Nhiều nhánh HEAD máy chủ. Hãy chọn rõ ràng một:"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "Không thể xóa bỏ %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "Không phải là tham chiếu hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "Không thể cài đặt %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1319
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s sẽ trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý)!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s đã trở thành không đầu (không được quản lý)!"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1330
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "Đang xén bớt %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1331
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1354
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [nên xén bớt] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1357
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [đã bị xén] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1402
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "cắt máy chủ sau khi lấy về"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1468 builtin/remote.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "Không có máy chủ nào có tên “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1488
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "thêm nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "chưa chỉ ra máy chủ nào"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1517
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "đẩy các “URL” bằng tay"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1519
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "thêm URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "xóa URLs"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1528
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete không hợp lý"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "Kiểu mẫu URL cũ không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1576
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy URL như vậy: %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1578
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "Sẽ không xóa những địa chỉ URL không-push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1592
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "chi tiết; phải được đặt trước một lệnh-con"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<các-tùy-chọn>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "đóng gói mọi thứ trong một gói đơn"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "giống với -a, và chỉnh sửa các đối tượng không đọc được thiếu sót"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "xóa bỏ các gói dư thừa, và chạy git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "chuyển --no-reuse-delta cho git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "chuyển --no-reuse-object cho git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "không chạy git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "chuyển --local cho git-pack-objects"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "ghi mục lục ánh xạ"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "ngày ước tính"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "với -A, các đối tượng cũ hơn khoảng thời gian này thì không bị mất"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "kích thước cửa sổ được dùng cho nén “delta”"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "byte"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "giống như trên, nhưng giới hạn kích thước bộ nhớ hay vì số lượng"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "giới hạn độ sâu tối đa của “delta”"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "kcíh thước tối đa cho từng tập tin gói"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "đóng gói lại các đối tượng trong các gói đã đánh dấu bằng .keep"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "gặp lỗi khi xóa bỏ “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <đối-tượng> <thay-thế>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <đối tượng>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <lần_chuyển_giao> [<cha_mẹ>…]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <đối tượng>…"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<định_dạng>] [-l [<mẫu>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "Không phải là tên đối tượng hợp lệ: “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "thẻ hòa trộn sai trong lần chuyển giao “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "thẻ hòa trộn không đúng dạng ở lần chuyển giao “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr ""
+"lần chuyển giao gốc “%s” có chứa thẻ hòa trộn “%s” cái mà bị loại bỏ; dùng "
+"tùy chọn --edit thay cho --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "lần chuyển giao gốc “%s” có chữ ký GPG."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "chữ ký sẽ được bỏ đi trong lần chuyển giao thay thế!"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể ghi lần chuyển giao thay thế cho: “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "liệt kê các refs thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "xóa tham chiếu thay thế"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "sửa đối tượng sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "thay đổi cha mẹ của lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "thay thế tham chiếu nếu nó đã sẵn có"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "đừng in đẹp các nội dung cho --edit"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "dùng định dạng này"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr ""
+"git rerere [clear | forget <đường dẫn>… | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "sổ ghi dọn sạch các phân giải trong bản mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <đường-dẫn>…"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<các-đường-dẫn>…]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "mixed"
+msgstr "pha trộn"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "soft"
+msgstr "mềm"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "hard"
+msgstr "cứng"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "keep"
+msgstr "giữ lại"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
+msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
+msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
+msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm cây của HEAD."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi tìm cây của %s."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
+msgstr "HEAD hiện giờ tại %s"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
+msgstr "Không thể thực hiện một %s reset ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "làm việc ở chế độ im lặng, chỉ hiển thị khi có lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "đặt lại (reset) HEAD và bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "chỉ đặt lại (reset) HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "đặt lại HEAD, bảng mục lục và cây làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "đặt lại HEAD nhưng giữ lại các thay đổi nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "chỉ ghi lại những đường dẫn thực sự sẽ được thêm vào sau này"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s” như là điểm xét duyệt hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:308 builtin/reset.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
+msgstr "không thể phân tích đối tượng “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi phân giải “%s” như là một cây (tree) hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
+msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+msgstr "--patch xung khắc với --{hard,mixed,soft}"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
+msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"--mixed với các đường dẫn không còn dùng nữa; hãy thay thế bằng lệnh “git "
+"reset -- <đường_dẫn>”."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
+msgstr "Không thể thực hiện lệnh %s reset với các đường dẫn."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
+msgstr "%s reset không được phép trên kho thuần"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N chỉ được dùng khi có --mixed"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "Những thay đổi được đưa ra khỏi bệ phóng sau khi reset:"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
+msgstr "Không thể đặt lại (reset) bảng mục lục thành điểm xét duyệt “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "Không thể ghi tập tin lưu bảng mục lục mới."
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:361
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<các-tùy-chọn>] -- [<các tham số>…]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:366
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "giữ lại “--” chuyển sang làm tham số"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "dừng phân tích sau đối số đầu tiên không có tùy chọn"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:371
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "kết xuất trong định dạng gậy dài"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<các-tùy-chọn>] -- [<các đối số>…]\n"
+"   hoặc: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<đ.số>…]\n"
+"   hoặc: git rev-parse [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<đ.số>…]\n"
+"\n"
+"Chạy lệnh \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" để có thêm thông tin về cách dùng."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<các-tùy-chọn>] <commit-ish>…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <lệnh-con>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<các-tùy-chọn>] <commit-ish>…"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <lệnh-con>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s không thể được sử dụng với %s"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "kết thúc cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "phục hồi lại cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "không cherry-pick hay revert liên tiếp nhau"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "không commit một cách tự động."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "sửa lại chú thích cho commit"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "số của cha mẹ"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "chiến lược hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "tùy chọn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "tùy chọn cho chiến lược hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "nối thêm tên lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "cho phép fast-forward"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "cấm khởi tạo lần chuyển giao trống rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "chấp nhận chuyển giao mà không ghi chú gì"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "giữ lại các lần chuyển giao dư thừa, rỗng"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
+msgid "program error"
+msgstr "lỗi chương trình"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
+msgid "revert failed"
+msgstr "revert gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
+msgid "cherry-pick failed"
+msgstr "cherry-pick gặp lỗi"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<các-tùy-chọn>] [--] <tập-tin>…"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
+msgid ""
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"các mô-đun-con sau đây (hay một trong số mô-đun-con bên trong của nó)\n"
+"dùng một thư mục .git:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(dùng /\"rm -rf/\" nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+"chúng)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
+msgid ""
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"các tập tin sau đây có trạng thái khác biệt nội dung từ cả tập tin\n"
+"và cả HEAD:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(dùng -f để buộc gỡ bỏ)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "các tập tin sau đây có thay đổi trạng thái trong bảng mục lục:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"(dùng tùy chọn --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "những tập tin sau đây có những thay đổi nội bộ:"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "không liệt kê các tập tin đã gỡ bỏ"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "chỉ gỡ bỏ từ mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "ghi đè lên kiểm tra cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "cho phép gỡ bỏ đệ qui"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "thoát ra với trạng thái khác không thậm chí nếu không có gì khớp"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr ""
+"Vui lòng đưa các thay đổi của bạn vào “.gitmodules” hay tạm cất chúng đi để "
+"xử lý"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
+#, c-format
+msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
+msgstr "không thể gỡ bỏ “%s” một cách đệ qui mà không có tùy chọn -r"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
+msgstr "git rm: không thể gỡ bỏ %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<các-tùy-chọn>] [<vùng-xét-duyệt>] [[--] [<đường-dẫn>…]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing author: %s"
+msgstr "Thiếu tên tác giả: %s"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "sắp xếp kết xuất tuân theo số lượng chuyển giao trên mỗi tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "Chặn mọi mô tả lần chuyển giao, chỉ đưa ra số lượng lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "Hiển thị thư điện tử cho từng tác giả"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "Ngắt dòng khi quá dài"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<khi>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)…]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:13
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<nền>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "hiển thị các nhánh remote-tracking và nội bộ"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "hiển thị các nhánh remote-tracking"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "màu “*!+-” tương ứng với nhánh"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "hiển thị thêm <n> lần chuyển giao sau cha mẹ chung"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "đồng nghĩa với more=-1"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "chặn các chuỗi đặt tên"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "bao gồm nhánh hiện hành"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "đặt tên các lần chuyển giao bằng các tên của đối tượng của chúng"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "hiển thị mọi cơ sở có thể dùng để hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "hiển thị các tham chiếu không thể được đọc bởi bất kỳ tham chiếu khác"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao theo thứ tự tôpô"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các lần chuyển giao không nằm trên nhánh đầu tiên"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "hiển thị các lần hòa trộn có thể đọc được chỉ từ một đầu mút"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "sắp xếp hình thái học, bảo trì thứ tự ngày nếu có thể"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:681
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<cơ_sở>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:682
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> các mục “ref-log” gần nhất kể từ nền (base)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d|--dereference] [-s|--hash"
+"[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<mẫu>…] "
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=mẫu] < ref-list"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị thẻ (có thể tổ hợp cùng với đầu)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị đầu (có thể tổ hợp cùng với thẻ)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr ""
+"việc kiểm tra tham chiếu chính xác, đòi hỏi chính xác đường dẫn tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu HEAD, ngay cả khi nó đã được lọc ra"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "bãi bỏ tham chiếu các thẻ thành ra các ID đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị mã băm SHA1 sử dụng <n> chữ số"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr ""
+"không hiển thị kết quả ra đầu ra chuẩn (stdout) (chỉ hữu dụng với --verify)"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr ""
+"hiển thị các tham chiếu từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn (stdin) cái mà không ở kho nội "
+"bộ"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<các-tùy-chọn>] <tên> [<t.chiếu>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <tên>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "chặn các thông tin lỗi cho các tham chiếu “không-mềm” (bị tách ra)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "xóa tham chiếu mềm"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "làm ngắn kết xuất ref (tham chiếu)"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "lý do"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "lý do cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg>|-F <tập-tin>] <tên-thẻ> "
+"[<head>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <tên-thẻ>…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<số>]] [--contains <lần_chuyển_giao>] [--points-at <đối-"
+"tượng>]\n"
+"\t\t[<mẫu>…]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <tên-thẻ>…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
+msgstr "đối tượng dị hình tại “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:301
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
+msgstr "tên thẻ quá dài: %.*s…"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' not found."
+msgstr "không tìm thấy tìm thấy thẻ “%s”."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Thẻ đã bị xóa “%s” (từng là %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:333
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
+msgstr "không thể thẩm tra thẻ “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Viết các ghi chú cho thẻ:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được bỏ qua.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"want to.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"Viết các ghi chú cho thẻ:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Những dòng được bắt đầu bằng “%c” sẽ được giữ lại; bạn có thể xóa chúng đi "
+"nếu muốn.\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+msgstr "không hỗ trợ đặc tả sắp xếp “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+msgstr "không hỗ trợ đặc tả sắp xếp “%s” trong biến “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:428
+msgid "unable to sign the tag"
+msgstr "không thể ký thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:430
+msgid "unable to write tag file"
+msgstr "không thể ghi vào tập tin lưu thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:455
+msgid "bad object type."
+msgstr "kiểu đối tượng sai."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:468
+msgid "tag header too big."
+msgstr "đầu thẻ (tag) quá lớn."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
+msgid "no tag message?"
+msgstr "không có chú thích gì cho cho thẻ à?"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:510
+#, c-format
+msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
+msgstr "Nội dung ghi chú còn lại %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
+msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
+msgstr "chuyển đến “points-at” yêu cần một đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
+msgstr "tên đối tượng dị hình “%s”"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:589
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "chỉ liệt kê tên các thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:591
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "hiển thị <n> dòng cho mỗi ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:593
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "xóa thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:594
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "thẩm tra thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:596
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn tạo tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:598
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "để chú giải cho thẻ, cần một lời ghi chú"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:600
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "tin nhắn cho thẻ (tag)"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:602
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "thẻ chú giải và ký kiểu GPG"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:606
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "dùng kháo khác để ký thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:607
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "thay thế nếu tag đó đã có trước"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:609
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Các tùy chọn liệt kê thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:610
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "hiển thị danh sách thẻ trong các cột"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "sort tags"
+msgstr "sắp xếp các thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:617 builtin/tag.c:623
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị những nhánh mà nó chứa lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:629
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị các thẻ của đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:655
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column và -n xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:667
+msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--sort và -n xung khắc nhau"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:674
+msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "tùy chọn -n chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:676
+msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "tùy chọn --contains chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:678
+msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
+msgstr "tùy chọn --points-at chỉ cho phép dùng với -l."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:686
+msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
+msgstr "chỉ có một tùy chọn -F hoặc -m là được phép."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:706
+msgid "too many params"
+msgstr "quá nhiều đối số"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:712
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
+msgstr "“%s” không phải thẻ hợp lệ."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:717
+#, c-format
+msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
+msgstr "Thẻ “%s” đã tồn tại rồi"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
+msgstr "Đã cập nhật thẻ “%s” (trước là %s)\n"
+
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:489
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "Đang giải nén các đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:403
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<các-tùy-chọn>] [--] [<tập-tin>…]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "tiếp tục làm mới ngay cả khi bảng mục lục cần được cập nhật"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "refresh: lờ đi mô-đun-con"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "không bỏ qua các tập tin mới tạo"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "để các tập tin thay thế các thư mục và “vice-versa”"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "thông báo các tập-tin thiếu trong thư-mục làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr ""
+"làm tươi mới thậm chí khi bảng mục lục chứa các mục tin chưa được hòa trộn"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "lấy lại thông tin thống kê"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "giống --refresh, nhưng bỏ qua các cài đặt “assume-unchanged”"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<chế_độ>,<đối_tượng>,<đường_dẫn>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "thêm các tập tin đã chỉ ra vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:786
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "ghi đè lên bít thi hành của các tập tin được liệt kê"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "Đánh dấu các tập tin là \"không thay đổi\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "xóa bít assumed-unchanged (giả định là không thay đổi)"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "đánh dấu các tập tin là “chỉ-đọc”"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:799
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "xóa bít skip-worktree"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:802
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr ""
+"chỉ thêm vào bảng mục lục; không thêm nội dung vào cơ sở dữ liệu đối tượng"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:804
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr ""
+"gỡ bỏ các đường dẫn được đặt tên thậm chí cả khi nó hiện diện trong thư mục "
+"làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:806
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "với tùy chọn --stdin: các dòng đầu vào được chấm dứt bởi ký tự null"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:808
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "đọc danh sách đường dẫn cần cập nhật từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:812
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "không thể đọc các mục từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:816
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "phục hồi các trạng thái #2 và #3 cho các đường dẫn được liệt kê"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:820
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "chỉ cập nhật các mục tin mà nó khác biệt so với HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:824
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "bỏ qua các tập-tin thiếu trong thư-mục làm việc"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:827
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "báo cáo các thao tác ra thiết bị xuất chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:829
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(cho “porcelains”) quên các xung đột chưa được giải quyết đã ghi"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:833
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "ghi mục lục ở định dạng này"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:835
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "bật/tắt chia cắt bảng mục lục"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<các-tùy-chọn>] -d <refname> [<biến-cũ>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<các-tùy-chọn>]    <refname> <biến-mới> [<biến-cũ>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<các-tùy-chọn>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:359
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "xóa tham chiếu"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:361
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "cập nhật <tên-tham-chiếu> không phải cái nó chỉ tới"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "đầu vào tiêu chuẩn có các đối số được chấm dứt bởi NUL"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "đọc cập nhật từ đầu vào tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "cập nhật các tập tin thông tin từ điểm xuất phát"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <lần_chuyển_giao>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:75
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "hiển thị nội dung của lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <gói>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "chi tiết"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "chỉ hiển thị thống kê"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <thẻ>…"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "hiển thị nội dung của thẻ"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<tiền-tố>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<tiền tố>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "ghi đối tượng cây (tree) cho <tiền tố> thư mục con"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "chỉ hữu ích khi cần gỡ lỗi"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:267
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "in thông tin gỡ lỗi ra đầu ra lỗi tiêu chuẩn"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"“git help -a” và “git help -g” liệt kê các câu lệnh con sẵn có và một số\n"
+"hướng dẫn về khái niệm. Xem “git help <lệnh>” hay “git help <khái-niệm>”\n"
+"để xem các đặc tả cho lệnh hay khái niệm cụ thể."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "Thêm nội dung tập tin vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "Tìm kiếm bằng điều tra nhị phân các thay đổi mà nó bắt đầu lỗi"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "Liệt kê, tạo hay là xóa các nhánh"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "Lấy ra một nhánh hay các đường dẫn tới cây làm việc"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "Nhân bản một kho chứa đến một thư mục mới"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "Ghi các thay đổi vào kho chứa"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr ""
+"Xem các thay đổi giữa những lần chuyển giao,\n"
+"               giữa một lần chuyển giao và cây làm việc, v.v.."
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "Tải về các đối tượng và tham chiếu từ kho chứa khác"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "In ra những dòng khớp với một mẫu"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "Tạo một kho git mới hay khởi tạo lại một kho đã tồn tại từ trước"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "Hiển thị nhật ký các lần chuyển giao"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "Hợp nhất hai hay nhiều hơn lịch sử của các nhà phát triển"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "Di chuyển hay đổi tên một tập tin, thư mục hoặc liên kết mềm"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "Lấy về và hợp nhất với kho khác hay một nhánh nội bộ"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "Cập nhật th.chiếu máy chủ cùng với các đối tượng liên quan đến nó"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr ""
+"Chuyển tiếp những lần chuyển giao nội bộ\n"
+"               tới head thượng nguồn đã cập nhật"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "Đặt lại HEAD hiện hành thành trạng thái đã cho"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "Gỡ bỏ các tập tin từ cây làm việc và từ bảng mục lục"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "Hiển thị các kiểu khác nhau của các đối tượng"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "Hiển thị trạng thái cây làm việc"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "Tạo, liệt kê, xóa hay xác thực một đối tượng thẻ được ký bằng GPG"
+
+#: parse-options.h:143
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "ngày hết hạn"
+
+#: parse-options.h:158
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "no-op (tương thích ngược)"
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "chi tiết hơn nữa"
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "im lặng hơn nữa"
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "sử dụng <n> chữ số để hiển thị SHA-1s"
+
+#: rerere.h:27
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr "cập nhật bảng mục lục với phân giải xung đột dùng lại nếu được"
+
+#: git-am.sh:53
+msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
+msgstr "Bạn cần đặt thông tin về người chuyển giao mã nguồn trước đã"
+
+#: git-am.sh:98
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn có lẽ đã có HEAD đã bị di chuyển đi kể từ lần “am” thất bại cuối cùng.\n"
+"Không thể chuyển tới ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: git-am.sh:108
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Khi bạn cần giải quyết vấn đề này hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định bỏ qua miếng vá, thay vào đó bạn chạy \"$cmdline --skip"
+"\".\n"
+"Để phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy "
+"\"$cmdline --abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:124
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "Đang trở lại để hòa trộn kiểu “three-way”."
+
+#: git-am.sh:140
+msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
+msgstr "Kho thiếu đối tượng blob cần thiết để trở về trên “3-way merge”."
+
+#: git-am.sh:142
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr ""
+"Sử dụng thông tin trong bảng mục lục để cấu trúc lại một cây (tree) cơ sở…"
+
+#: git-am.sh:157
+msgid ""
+"Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
+"It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn đã sửa miếng vá của mình bằng cách thủ công à?\n"
+"Nó không thể áp dụng các blob đã được ghi lại trong bảng mục lục của nó."
+
+#: git-am.sh:166
+msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
+msgstr "Đang trở lại để vá cơ sở và “hòa trộn 3-đường”…"
+
+#: git-am.sh:182
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi trộn vào các thay đổi."
+
+#: git-am.sh:277
+msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
+msgstr "Chỉ có một sê-ri miếng vá StGIT được áp dụng một lúc"
+
+#: git-am.sh:364
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
+msgstr "Định dạng miếng vá $patch_format không được hỗ trợ."
+
+#: git-am.sh:366
+msgid "Patch format detection failed."
+msgstr "Dò tìm định dạng miếng vá gặp lỗi."
+
+#: git-am.sh:398
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"Tùy chọn -b/--binary đã không dùng từ lâu rồi, và\n"
+"nó sẽ được bỏ đi. Xin đừng sử dụng nó thêm nữa."
+
+#: git-am.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
+msgstr "thư mục rebase trước $dotest vẫn chưa sẵn sàng nhưng mbox được đưa ra."
+
+#: git-am.sh:501
+msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
+msgstr "Xin hãy rõ ràng. --skip hay --abort?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"Tìm thấy thư mục lạc $dotest.\n"
+"Dùng \"git am --abort\" để loại bỏ nó đi."
+
+#: git-am.sh:545
+msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
+msgstr "Thao tác phân giải không được tiến hành, chúng ta không phục hồi lại."
+
+#: git-am.sh:612
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
+msgstr "Bảng mục lục sai: không thể áp dụng các miếng vá (sai: $files)"
+
+#: git-am.sh:722
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Miếng vá trống rỗng.  Nó đã bị chia cắt sai phải không?\n"
+"Nếu bạn thích bỏ qua miếng vá này, hãy chạy lệnh sau để thay thế \"$cmdline "
+"--skip\".\n"
+"Để phục hồi lại nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng vá lại hãy chạy lệnh \"$cmdline --"
+"abort\"."
+
+#: git-am.sh:749
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "Miếng vá không có địa chỉ thư điện tử hợp lệ."
+
+#: git-am.sh:796
+msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
+msgstr ""
+"không thể được tương tác mà không có stdin kết nối với một thiết bị cuối"
+
+#: git-am.sh:800
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "Thân của lần chuyển giao là:"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
+#. in your translation. The program will only accept English
+#. input at this point.
+#: git-am.sh:807
+msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
+msgstr ""
+"Áp dụng? đồng ý [y]/khô[n]g/chỉnh sửa [e]/hiển thị miếng [v]á/đồng ý tất cả "
+"[a] "
+
+#: git-am.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Đang áp dụng (miếng vá): $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:864
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"Không có thay đổi nào - bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh “git add” à?\n"
+"Nếu ở đây không có gì còn lại stage, tình cờ là có một số thứ khác\n"
+"đã sẵn được đưa vào với cùng nội dung thay đổi; bạn có lẽ muốn bỏ qua miếng "
+"vá này."
+
+#: git-am.sh:872
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn vẫn có những đường dẫn chưa được hòa trộn trong bảng mục lục của mình\n"
+"bạn đã quên sử dụng lệnh “git add” à?"
+
+#: git-am.sh:888
+msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
+msgstr "Không thay đổi gì cả -- Miếng vá đã được áp dụng rồi."
+
+#: git-am.sh:898
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi vá tại $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+
+#: git-am.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"Bản sao chép của miếng vá mà nó gặp lỗi thì được tìm thấy trong:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:919
+msgid "applying to an empty history"
+msgstr "áp dụng vào một lịch sử trống rỗng"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "Bạn cần khởi đầu bằng \"git bisect start\""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:54
+msgid "Do you want me to do it for you [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Bạn có muốn tôi thực hiện điều này cho bạn không [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
+msgstr "không công nhận tùy chọn: “$arg”"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:99
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$arg' does not appear to be a valid revision"
+msgstr "”$arg” không có vẻ như là một điểm xét duyệt hợp lệ"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:117
+msgid "Bad HEAD - I need a HEAD"
+msgstr "HEAD sai - Tôi cần một HEAD"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:130
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Việc lấy “$start_head” ra gặp lỗi. Hãy thử \"git bisect reset <nhánh_hợp_lệ>"
+"\"."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:140
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "sẽ không di chuyển nửa bước trên cây được cg-seek"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:144
+msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
+msgstr "HEAD sai - tham chiếu mềm kỳ lạ"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:189
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
+msgstr "Đối số bisect_write sai: $state"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:218
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
+msgstr "Đầu vào rev sai: $arg"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:232
+msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
+msgstr "Hãy gọi lệnhl “bisect_state” với ít nhất một đối số."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:244
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
+msgstr "Đầu vào rev sai: $rev"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:253
+msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
+msgstr "“git bisect bad” có thể lấy chỉ một đối số."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:276
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "Cảnh báo: chỉ thực hiện việc bisect với một lần chuyển giao sai."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
+#. translation. The program will only accept English input
+#. at this point.
+#: git-bisect.sh:282
+msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
+msgstr "Bạn có chắc chắn chưa [Y/n]? "
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn phải chỉ cho tôi ít nhất một điểm xét duyệt tốt và một điểm sai.\n"
+"(Bạn có thể sử dụng \"git bisect bad\" và \"git bisect good\" cho cái đó.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:295
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn cần bắt đầu bằng lệnh \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"Bạn sau đó cần phải chỉ cho tôi ít nhất một điểm xét duyệt đúng và một điểm "
+"sai.\n"
+"(Bạn có thể sử dụng \"git bisect bad\" và \"git bisect good\" cho chúng.)"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:366 git-bisect.sh:493
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "Chúng tôi không bisect."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:373
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
+msgstr "”$invalid” không phải là lần chuyển giao hợp lệ"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:382
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
+"Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể check-out HEAD nguyên thủy của “$branch”.\n"
+"Hãy thử “git bisect reset <lần-chuyển-giao>”."
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:409
+msgid "No logfile given"
+msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tập tin ghi nhật ký"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:410
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
+msgstr "không thể đọc $file để thao diễn lại"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
+msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
+msgstr "?? bạn đang nói gì thế?"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:439
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "đang chạy lệnh $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:446
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"chạy bisect gặp lỗi:\n"
+"mã trả về $res từ lệnh “$command” là < 0 hoặc >= 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:472
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "bisect không thể tiếp tục thêm được nữa"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:478
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"chạy bisect gặp lỗi:\n"
+"”bisect_state $state” đã thoát ra với mã lỗi $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:485
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "bisect chạy thành công"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:21
+msgid ""
+"Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
+"Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"Pull là không thể được bởi vì bạn có những tập tin chưa được hòa trộn.\n"
+"Xin hãy sửa chữa chúng trước, và sau đó sử dụng lệnh “git add/rm <tập-tin>”\n"
+"để phê chuẩn việc đánh dấu đây cần được giải quyết và tạo một lần chuyển "
+"giao."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:25
+msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
+msgstr ""
+"Full là không thể thực hiện bởi vì bạn có những tập tin chưa được hòa trộn."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn chưa kết thúc việc hòa trộng (MERGE_HEAD vẫn tồn tại).\n"
+"Hãy chuyển giao các thay đổi trước khi bạn có thể hòa trộn."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:245
+msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
+msgstr ""
+"đang cập nhật một nhánh chưa được sinh ra với các thay đổi được thêm vào "
+"bảng mục lục"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:269
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+"Cảnh báo: fetch đã cập nhật head nhánh hiện tại.\n"
+"Cảnh báo: đang fast-forward cây làm việc của bạn từ\n"
+"Cảnh báo: commit $orig_head."
+
+#: git-pull.sh:294
+msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
+msgstr "Không thể hòa trộn nhiều nhánh và trong một head trống rỗng"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:298
+msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
+msgstr "Không thể thực hiện lệnh rebase (cơ cấu lại) trên nhiều nhánh"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"Khi bạn cần giải quyết vấn đề này hãy chạy lệnh \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"Nếu bạn có ý định bỏ qua miếng vá, thay vào đó bạn chạy \"git rebase --skip"
+"\".\n"
+"Để phục hồi lại thành nhánh nguyên thủy và dừng việc vá lại thì chạy \"git "
+"rebase --abort\"."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "Đã áp dụng autostash."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "Không thể lưu $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:169
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Áp dụng autostash có hiệu quả trong các xung đột.\n"
+"Các thay đổi của bạn an toàn trong stash (tạm cất đi).\n"
+"Bạn có thể chạy lệnh \"git stash pop\" hay \"git stash drop\" bất kỳ lúc "
+"nào.\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:208
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "Móc (hook) pre-rebase từ chối rebase."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:213
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Hình như đang trong quá trình thực hiện lệnh git-am. Không thể chạy lệnh "
+"rebase."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:351
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn --exec phải được sử dụng cùng với tùy chọn --interactive"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:356
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "Không có tiến trình rebase nào phải không?"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:367
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr ""
+"Hành động “--edit-todo” chỉ có thể dùng trong quá trình “rebase” (sửa lịch "
+"sử) tương tác."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:374
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "Không thể đọc HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:377
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"Bạn phải sửa tất cả các lần hòa trộn xung đột và sau\n"
+"đó đánh dấu chúng là cần xử lý sử dụng lệnh git add"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "Không thể quay trở lại $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:414
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"Hình như là ở đây sẵn có một thư mục $state_dir_base directory, và\n"
+"Tôi tự hỏi có phải bạn đang ở giữa một lệnh rebase khác. Nếu đúng là\n"
+"như vậy, xin hãy thử\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"Nếu không phải thế, hãy thử\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"và chạy TÔI lần nữa.  TÔI  dừng lại trong trường hợp bạn vẫn\n"
+"có một số thứ quý giá ở đây.\n"
+"\n"
+"TÔI: là lệnh bạn vừa gọi!"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "thượng nguồn không hợp lệ $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây có nhiều hơn một nền móng hòa trộn"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:492 git-rebase.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: ở đây không có nền móng hòa trộn nào"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "Không chỉ đến một lần chuyển giao không hợp lệ: $onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "nghiêm trọng: không có nhánh như thế: $branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "Không thể autostash"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "Đã tạo autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:566
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "Xin hãy commit hoặc tạm cất (stash) chúng."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:586
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại $branch_name đã được cập nhật rồi."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:590
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "Nhánh hiện tại $branch_name đã được cập nhật rồi, lệnh rebase ép buộc."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:601
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "Thay đổi từ $mb thành $onto:"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:610
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr "Trước tiên, di chuyển head để xem lại các công việc trên đỉnh của nó…"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:620
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "Fast-forward $branch_name thành $onto_name."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:51
+msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
+msgstr ""
+"git stash clear với các tham số là chưa được thực hiện (không nhận đối số)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:74
+msgid "You do not have the initial commit yet"
+msgstr "Bạn chưa còn có lần chuyển giao khởi tạo"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:89
+msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái bảng mục lục hiện hành"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
+msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái cây-làm-việc hiện hành"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:141
+msgid "No changes selected"
+msgstr "Chưa có thay đổi nào được chọn"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:144
+msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ bảng mục lục tạm thời (không thể xảy ra)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:157
+msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái cây làm việc hiện hành"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:191
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "Không thể cập nhật $ref_stash với $w_commit"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:238
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"lỗi: không hiểu tùy chọn cho “stash save”: $option\n"
+"     Để có thể dùng lời chú thích có chứa -- ở đầu,\n"
+"     dùng git stash save -- \"$option\""
+
+#: git-stash.sh:259
+msgid "No local changes to save"
+msgstr "Không có thay đổi nội bộ nào được ghi lại"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:263
+msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
+msgstr "Không thể khởi tạo stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:267
+msgid "Cannot save the current status"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lại trạng thái hiện hành"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:285
+msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ các thay đổi cây-làm-việc"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:384
+msgid "No stash found."
+msgstr "Không tìm thấy lần chuyển giao cất đi (stash) nào."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:391
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
+msgstr "Chỉ ra quá nhiều điểm xét duyệt: $REV"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:397
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference không phải là tham chiếu hợp lệ"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:425
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
+msgstr "“$args” không phải là lần chuyển giao kiểu-stash (cất đi)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:436
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
+msgstr "”$args” không phải tham chiếu đến stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:444
+msgid "unable to refresh index"
+msgstr "không thể làm tươi mới bảng mục lục"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:448
+msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
+msgstr "Không thể áp dụng một stash ở giữa của quá trình hòa trộn"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:456
+msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
+msgstr "Xung đột trong bảng mục lục. Hãy thử mà không dùng tùy chọn --index."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:458
+msgid "Could not save index tree"
+msgstr "Không thể ghi lại cây chỉ mục"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:492
+msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
+msgstr "Không thể bỏ ra khỏi bệ phóng các tập tin đã được sửa chữa"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:507
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "Bảng mục lục đã không được bỏ stash."
+
+#: git-stash.sh:530
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
+msgstr "Đã xóa ${REV} ($s)"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:531
+#, sh-format
+msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
+msgstr "${REV}: Không thể xóa bỏ mục stash"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:539
+msgid "No branch name specified"
+msgstr "Chưa chỉ ra tên của nhánh"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:611
+msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
+msgstr "(Để phục hồi lại chúng hãy gõ \"git stash apply\")"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
+#, sh-format
+msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
+msgstr "không thể tháo bỏ một thành phần ra khỏi “$remoteurl” url"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy ánh xạ (mapping) mô-đun-con trong .gitmodules cho đường dẫn "
+"“$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:287
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "Nhân bản “$url” vào đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path” gặp lỗi"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:296
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr ""
+"Gitdir “$a” là bộ phận của đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$b” hoặc \"vice versa\""
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr ""
+"Đường dẫn tương đối chỉ có thể dùng từ thư mục ở mức cao nhất của cây làm "
+"việc"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:416
+#, sh-format
+msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
+msgstr ""
+"repo URL: “$repo” phải là đường dẫn tuyệt đối hoặc là bắt đầu bằng ./|../"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:433
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "”$sm_path” thực sự đã tồn tại ở bảng mục lục rồi"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:437
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"Các đường dẫn theo sau đây sẽ bị lờ đi bởi một trong các tập tin .gitignore "
+"của bạn:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Sử dụng -f nếu bạn thực sự muốn thêm nó vào."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:455
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "Đang thêm repo có sẵn tại “$sm_path” vào bảng mục lục"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:457
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "”$sm_path” đã tồn tại từ trước và không phải là một kho git hợp lệ"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr ""
+"Thư mục git cho “$sm_name” được tìm thấy một cách cục bộ với các máy chủ:"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "Nếu bạn muốn dùng lại thư mục git nội bộ này thay vì nhân bản từ nó"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr ""
+"dùng tùy chọn “--force”. Nếu thư mục git nội bộ không phải là repo (kho) đúng"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr ""
+"hay bạn không chắc chắn điều đó có nghĩa gì chọn tên khác với tùy chọn “--"
+"name”."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:472
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr ""
+"Phục hồi sự hoạt động của thư mục git nội bộ cho mô-đun-con “$sm_name”."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy ra mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi thêm mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:498
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký với hệ thống mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:542
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Đang vào “$prefix$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr ""
+"Dừng lại tại “$prefix$displaypath”; script trả về trạng thái khác không."
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:608
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy url cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath” trong .gitmodules"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký url cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Mô-đun-con “$name” ($url) được đăng ký cho đường dẫn “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Gặp lỗi khi đăng ký chế độ cập nhật cho đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "Dùng “.” nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ mọi mô-đun-con"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "Cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath” có chứa thư mục .git"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr ""
+"(dùng “rm -rf” nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+"chúng)"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr ""
+"Cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath” chứa các thay đổi nội bộ; hãy dùng “-"
+"f” để loại bỏ chúng đi"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:701
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Đã tạo thư mục “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:702
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ cây làm việc mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:705
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể tạo thư mục mô-đun-con rỗng “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:714
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Mô-đun-con “$name” ($url) được bỏ đăng ký cho đường dẫn “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:830
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
+"Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
+msgstr ""
+"Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath” chưa được khởi tạo.\n"
+"Có lẽ bạn muốn sử dụng lệnh “update --init”?"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:843
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Không tìm thấy điểm xét duyệt hiện hành trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con "
+"“$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:852
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy về trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:876
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy về trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể lấy ra “$sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:891
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”: đã checkout “$sha1”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:895
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Không thể cải tổ “$sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:896
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”: được rebase vào trong “$sha1”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr ""
+"Không thể hòa trộn (merge) “$sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:902
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”: được hòa trộn vào “$sha1”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:907
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr ""
+"Thực hiện không thành công lệnh “$command $sha1” trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con "
+"“$prefix$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:908
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "Đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”: “$command $sha1”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:938
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$displaypath”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1046
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "Tùy chọn --cached không thể dùng cùng với tùy chọn --files"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1098
+#, sh-format
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "chế độ không như mong chờ $mod_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1118
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa lần chuyển giao $sha1_src"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1121
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa lần chuyển giao $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr ""
+"  Cảnh báo: $display_name không chứa những lần chuyển giao $sha1_src và "
+"$sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1149
+msgid "blob"
+msgstr "blob"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1267
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$sm_path”"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1331
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "Url Mô-đun-con đồng bộ hóa cho “$displaypath”"
+
+#~ msgid "server does not support --atomic push"
+#~ msgstr "máy phục vụ không hỗ trợ đẩy lên --atomic"
+
+#~ msgid "(detached from %s)"
+#~ msgstr "(được tách rời từ %s)"
+
+#~ msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Không tìm thấy tác giả có sẵn với “%s”"
+
+#~ msgid "search also in ignored files"
+#~ msgstr "tìm cả trong các tập tin đã bị lờ đi"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete |<branch>)"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <nhánh>)"
+
+#~ msgid "no files added"
+#~ msgstr "chưa có tập tin nào được thêm vào"
+
+#~ msgid "force creation (when already exists)"
+#~ msgstr "ép buộc tạo (khi đã có nhánh cùng tên)"
+
+#~ msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "Chuỗi thụt lề đầu dòng dị hình: “%s”"
+
+#~ msgid "slot"
+#~ msgstr "khe"
+
+#~ msgid "check"
+#~ msgstr "kiểm tra"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock ref for update"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi khóa tham chiếu để cập nhật"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to write ref"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi ghi tham chiếu"
+
+#~ msgid "invalid commit: %s"
+#~ msgstr "lần chuyển giao không hợp lệ: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "commit has empty message"
+#~ msgstr "lần chuyển giao có ghi chú trống rỗng"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "không thể khóa HEAD ref (tham chiếu)"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
+#~ msgstr "không thể cập nhật ref (tham chiếu) HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "%s không hợp lệ: “%s”"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi với lệnh chdir: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "cannot tell cwd"
+#~ msgstr "không nói chuyện được với lệnh cwd"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: không thể khóa ref (tham chiếu)"
+
+#~ msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
+#~ msgstr "%s: không thể cập nhật ref (tham chiếu)"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to lock HEAD during fast_forward_to"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi khóa HEAD trong quá trình fast_forward_to"
+
+#~ msgid "key id"
+#~ msgstr "id của khóa"
+
+#~ msgid "Tracking not set up: name too long: %s"
+#~ msgstr "Việc theo dõi chưa được cài đặt: tên quá dài: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bug"
+#~ msgstr "lỗi"
+
+#~ msgid "ahead "
+#~ msgstr "phía trước "
+
+#~ msgid ", behind "
+#~ msgstr ", đằng sau "
+
+#~ msgid "could not find .gitmodules in index"
+#~ msgstr "không tìm thấy .gitmodules trong bảng mục lục"
+
+#~ msgid "reading updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đọc cập nhật .gitmodules"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to stat updated .gitmodules"
+#~ msgstr "không thể lấy thống kê .gitmodules đã cập nhật"
+
+#~ msgid "unable to remove .gitmodules from index"
+#~ msgstr "không thể gỡ bỏ .gitmodules từ mục lục"
+
+#~ msgid "adding updated .gitmodules failed"
+#~ msgstr "gặp lỗi khi thêm .gitmodules đã cập nhật"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The behavior of 'git add %s (or %s)' with no path argument from a\n"
+#~ "subdirectory of the tree will change in Git 2.0 and should not be used "
+#~ "anymore.\n"
+#~ "To add content for the whole tree, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "To restrict the command to the current directory, run:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (or git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "With the current Git version, the command is restricted to the current "
+#~ "directory.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Cách ứng xử của lệnh “git add %s (hay %s)” khi không có tham số đường dẫn "
+#~ "từ\n"
+#~ "thư-mục con của cây sẽ thay đổi kể từ Git 2.0 và không thể sử dụng như "
+#~ "thế nữa.\n"
+#~ "Để thêm nội dung cho toàn bộ cây, chạy:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s :/\n"
+#~ "  (hoặc git add %s :/)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Để hạn chế lệnh cho thư-mục hiện tại, chạy:\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "  git add %s .\n"
+#~ "  (hoặc git add %s .)\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Với phiên bản hiện tại của Git, lệnh bị hạn chế cho thư-mục hiện tại.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "You ran 'git add' with neither '-A (--all)' or '--ignore-removal',\n"
+#~ "whose behaviour will change in Git 2.0 with respect to paths you "
+#~ "removed.\n"
+#~ "Paths like '%s' that are\n"
+#~ "removed from your working tree are ignored with this version of Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>', which is the current default,\n"
+#~ "  ignores paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* 'git add --all <pathspec>' will let you also record the removals.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Run 'git status' to check the paths you removed from your working tree.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Bạn chạy “git add” mà không có “-A (--all)” cũng không “--ignore-"
+#~ "removal”,\n"
+#~ "cách ứng xử của nó sẽ thay đổi kể từ Git 2.0: nó quan tâm đến các đường "
+#~ "dẫn mà\n"
+#~ "bạn đã gỡ bỏ. Các đường dẫn như là “%s” cái mà\n"
+#~ "bị gỡ bỏ từ cây làm việc của bạn thì bị bỏ qua với phiên bản này của "
+#~ "Git.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* “git add --ignore-removal <pathspec>”, cái hiện tại là mặc định,\n"
+#~ "  bỏ qua các đường dẫn bạn đã gỡ bỏ từ cây làm việc của bạn.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "* “git add --all <pathspec>” sẽ đồng thời giúp bạn ghi lại việc dời đi.\n"
+#~ "\n"
+#~ "Chạy “git status” để kiểm tra các đường dẫn bạn đã gỡ bỏ từ cây làm việc "
+#~ "của bạn.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
+#~ "run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Tự động đóng gói kho chứa để tối ưu hóa hiệu suất làm việc.\n"
+#~ "chạy lệnh \"git gc\" một cách thủ công. Hãy xem \"git help gc\" để biết "
+#~ "thêm chi tiết.\n"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+#~ "counterpart. If you did not intend to push that branch, you may want to\n"
+#~ "specify branches to push or set the 'push.default' configuration "
+#~ "variable\n"
+#~ "to 'simple', 'current' or 'upstream' to push only the current branch."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Việc cập nhật bị từ chối bởi vì đầu mút của nhánh được push nằm đằng sau "
+#~ "bộ\n"
+#~ "phận tương ứng của máy chủ. Nếu bạn không có ý định push nhánh đó, bạn có "
+#~ "lẽ muốn\n"
+#~ "chỉ định các nhánh để push hoặt là đặt nội dung cho biến cấu hình “push."
+#~ "default”\n"
+#~ "thành “simple”, “current” hoặc “upstream” để chỉ push nhánh hiện hành mà "
+#~ "thôi."
+
+#~ msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "đã sao chép:   %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "deleted:    %s"
+#~ msgstr "đã xóa:        %s"
+
+#~ msgid "modified:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "đã sửa đổi:    %s"
+
+#~ msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
+#~ msgstr "đã đổi tên:    %s -> %s"
+
+#~ msgid "unmerged:   %s"
+#~ msgstr "chưa hòa trộn: %s"
+
+#~ msgid "input paths are terminated by a null character"
+#~ msgstr "các đường dẫn được  ngăn cách bởi ký tự null"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "The following untracked files would NOT be saved but need to be removed "
+#~ "by stash save:"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Các tập tin chưa được theo dõi sau đây KHÔNG được ghi lại nhưng cần được "
+#~ "gỡ bỏ bởi việc ghi lại stash:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Aborting. Consider using either the --force or --include-untracked option."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Bãi bỏ. Cân nhắc dùng một trong hai tùy chọn --force và --include-"
+#~ "untracked."
+
+#~ msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --resolved\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (sửa các xung đột và sau đó chạy lệnh \"git am --resolved\")"
+
+#~ msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git commit\")"
+#~ msgstr "  (khi tất cả các xung đột đã sửa xong: chạy lệnh \"git commit\")"
+
+#~ msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "đã chỉ ra nhiều hơn %d cây (tree): “%s”"
+
+#~ msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
+#~ msgstr "Bạn không thể kết hợp --no-ff với --ff-only."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "submodule '%s' (or one of its nested submodules) uses a .git directory\n"
+#~ "(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its "
+#~ "history)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "mô-đun-con “%s” (hoặc cái nằm trong các mô-đun-con) dùng thư mục .git\n"
+#~ "(dùng “rm -rf” nếu bạn thực sự muốn gỡ bỏ nó cùng với tất cả lịch sử của "
+#~ "chúng)"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
+#~ "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "“%s” có các thay đổi được lưu trạng thái trong bảng mục lục\n"
+#~ "(dùng tùy chọn --cached để giữ tập tin, hoặc -f để ép buộc gỡ bỏ)"
+
+#~ msgid "show commits where no parent comes before its children"
+#~ msgstr "hiển thị các lần chuyển giao nơi mà cha mẹ đến trước con của nó"
+
+#~ msgid "show the HEAD reference"
+#~ msgstr "hiển thị tham chiếu của HEAD"
+
+#~ msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể lấy về trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”"
+
+#~ msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+#~ msgstr "Gặp lỗi khi đệ quy vào trong đường dẫn mô-đun-con “$prefix$sm_path”"
+
+#~ msgid "It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files.  'status -uno'"
+#~ msgstr "Cần %.2f giây để đếm các tập tin chưa được theo dõi.  “status -uno”"
+
+#~ msgid "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "có thể làm nó nhanh lên, nhưng bạn phải cẩn trọng đừng quên thêm nó vào"
+
+#~ msgid "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+#~ msgstr "tập tin mới của chính bạn (xem “git help status”.."
+
+#~ msgid "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>... ]"
+#~ msgstr "git shortlog [-n] [-s] [-e] [-w] [rev-opts] [--] [<commit-id>… ]"
+
+#~ msgid "See 'git help <command>' for more information on a specific command."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Chạy lệnh “git help <tên-lệnh>” để có thêm thông tin về lệnh được chỉ ra."
+
+#~ msgid "use any ref in .git/refs"
+#~ msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ ref nào trong .git/refs"
+
+#~ msgid "use any tag in .git/refs/tags"
+#~ msgstr "sử dụng bất kỳ thẻ nào trong .git/refs/tags"
+
+#~ msgid "bad object %s"
+#~ msgstr "đối tượng sai %s"
+
+#~ msgid "bogus committer info %s"
+#~ msgstr "thông tin người chuyển giao không có thực %s"
+
+#~ msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
+#~ msgstr "không thể fdopen “show” (lệnh hiển thị) mô tả tập tin (fd) kết xuất"
+
+#~ msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
+#~ msgstr "gặp lỗi khi đóng đường ống cho lệnh “show” cho đối tượng “%s”"
+
+#~ msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
+#~ msgstr "Bạn không có HEAD nào hợp lệ"
+
+#~ msgid "oops"
+#~ msgstr "ôi?"
+
+#~ msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể gỡ bỏ %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Not removing %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "Không xóa %s\n"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not read index"
+#~ msgstr "Không thể đọc bảng mục lục"
+
+#~ msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | -d | <branch>])"
+#~ msgstr "git remote set-head <tên> (-a | -d | <nhánh>])"
+
+#~ msgid " 0 files changed"
+#~ msgstr " 0 có tập tin nào thay đổi cả"
+
+#~ msgid " %d file changed"
+#~ msgid_plural " %d files changed"
+#~ msgstr[0] " %d tập tin thay đổi"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d thêm(+)"
+
+#~ msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
+#~ msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
+#~ msgstr[0] ", %d xóa(-)"
+
+#~ msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
+#~ msgstr " (dùng \"git add\" để theo dõi dấu vết)"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
+#~ msgstr "--detach không thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -b/-B/--orphan"
+
+#~ msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--detach không thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -t"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
+#~ msgstr "Tùy chọn --orphan và -b|-B loại từ lẫn nhau"
+
+#~ msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
+#~ msgstr "--orphan không thể được sử dụng với tùy chọn -t"
+
+#~ msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
+#~ msgstr "git checkout: hai tùy chọn -f và -m xung khắc nhau"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "git checkout: việc cập nhật các đường dẫn là xung khắc với việc chuyển "
+#~ "đổi các nhánh."
+
+#~ msgid "diff setup failed"
+#~ msgstr "cài đặt diff gặp lỗi"
+
+#~ msgid "merge-recursive: disk full?"
+#~ msgstr "merge-recursive: đĩa bị đầy?"
+
+#~ msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
+#~ msgstr "diff_setup_done gặp lỗi"
+
+#~ msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
+#~ msgstr "Tùy chọn -d không còn được hỗ trợ nữa. Xin đừng sử dụng."
+
+#~ msgid "%s: has been deleted/renamed"
+#~ msgstr "%s: đã được xóa/thay-tên"
+
+#~ msgid "'%s': not a documentation directory."
+#~ msgstr "”%s”: không phải là một thư mục tài liệu."
+
+#~ msgid "--"
+#~ msgstr "--"
+
+#~ msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Không thể rút trích địa chỉ thư điện tử từ định danh người chuyển giao"
+
+#~ msgid "could not parse commit %s\n"
+#~ msgstr "không thể phân tích commit (lần chuyển giao) %s\n"
diff --git a/po/zh_CN.po b/po/zh_CN.po
index 0a7dbe3c6a..dd2948c322 100644
--- a/po/zh_CN.po
+++ b/po/zh_CN.po
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Chinese translations for Git package
 # Git 软件包的简体中文翻译.
-# Copyright (C) 2012 Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
+# Copyright (C) 2012,2013 Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
 # This file is distributed under the same license as the Git package.
-# Contributers:
+# Contributors:
 #   - Jiang Xin <worldhello.net AT gmail.com>
 #   - Riku <lu.riku AT gmail.com>
 #   - Zhuang Ya <zhuangya AT me.com>
@@ -12,42 +12,325 @@ msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: Git\n"
 "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Git Mailing List <git@vger.kernel.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-02-28 09:17+0800\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-01-30 00:00+0800\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-04-03 08:13+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-04-03 08:35+0800\n"
 "Last-Translator: Jiang Xin <worldhello.net@gmail.com>\n"
 "Language-Team: GitHub <https://github.com/gotgit/git/>\n"
 "Language: zh_CN\n"
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
 
-#: advice.c:34
+#: advice.c:55
 #, c-format
 msgid "hint: %.*s\n"
 msgstr "提示：%.*s\n"
 
-#.
-#. * Message used both when 'git commit' fails and when
-#. * other commands doing a merge do.
-#.
-#: advice.c:64
+#: advice.c:88
+msgid ""
+"Fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
+msgstr ""
+"请在工作区改正文件，然后酌情使用 'git add/rm <文件>' 命令标记\n"
+"解决方案并提交。"
+
+#: archive.c:11
+msgid "git archive [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git archive [<选项>] <树或提交> [<路径>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:12
+msgid "git archive --list"
+msgstr "git archive --list"
+
+#: archive.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git archive --remote <版本库> [--exec <命令>] [<选项>] <树或提交> [<路径>...]"
+
+#: archive.c:14
+msgid "git archive --remote <repo> [--exec <cmd>] --list"
+msgstr "git archive --remote <版本库> [--exec <命令>] --list"
+
+#: archive.c:342 builtin/add.c:137 builtin/add.c:427 builtin/rm.c:328
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
+msgstr "路径规则 '%s' 未匹配任何文件"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "fmt"
+msgstr "格式"
+
+#: archive.c:427
+msgid "archive format"
+msgstr "归档格式"
+
+#: archive.c:428 builtin/log.c:1204
+msgid "prefix"
+msgstr "前缀"
+
+#: archive.c:429
+msgid "prepend prefix to each pathname in the archive"
+msgstr "为归档中每个路径名加上前缀"
+
+#: archive.c:430 builtin/archive.c:88 builtin/blame.c:2516
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517 builtin/config.c:57 builtin/fast-export.c:986
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:988 builtin/grep.c:712 builtin/hash-object.c:101
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:446 builtin/ls-files.c:449 builtin/notes.c:394
+#: builtin/notes.c:557 builtin/read-tree.c:109 parse-options.h:151
+msgid "file"
+msgstr "文件"
+
+#: archive.c:431 builtin/archive.c:89
+msgid "write the archive to this file"
+msgstr "归档写入此文件"
+
+#: archive.c:433
+msgid "read .gitattributes in working directory"
+msgstr "读取工作区中的 .gitattributes"
+
+#: archive.c:434
+msgid "report archived files on stderr"
+msgstr "在标准错误上报告归档文件"
+
+#: archive.c:435
+msgid "store only"
+msgstr "只存储"
+
+#: archive.c:436
+msgid "compress faster"
+msgstr "压缩速度更快"
+
+#: archive.c:444
+msgid "compress better"
+msgstr "压缩效果更好"
+
+#: archive.c:447
+msgid "list supported archive formats"
+msgstr "列出支持的归档格式"
+
+#: archive.c:449 builtin/archive.c:90 builtin/clone.c:86
+msgid "repo"
+msgstr "版本库"
+
+#: archive.c:450 builtin/archive.c:91
+msgid "retrieve the archive from remote repository <repo>"
+msgstr "从远程版本库（<版本库>）提取归档文件"
+
+#: archive.c:451 builtin/archive.c:92 builtin/notes.c:478
+msgid "command"
+msgstr "命令"
+
+#: archive.c:452 builtin/archive.c:93
+msgid "path to the remote git-upload-archive command"
+msgstr "远程 git-upload-archive 命令的路径"
+
+#: attr.c:264
+msgid ""
+"Negative patterns are ignored in git attributes\n"
+"Use '\\!' for literal leading exclamation."
+msgstr ""
+"负值模版在 git attributes 中被忽略\n"
+"当字符串确实要以感叹号开始时，使用 '\\!'。"
+
+#: branch.c:60
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not setting branch %s as its own upstream."
+msgstr "未设置分支 %s 作为它自己的上游。"
+
+#: branch.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %1$s 设置为使用变基来跟踪来自 %3$s 的远程分支 %2$s。"
+
+#: branch.c:84
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote branch %s from %s."
+msgstr "分支 %1$s 设置为跟踪来自 %3$s 的远程分支 %2$s。"
+
+#: branch.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用变基来跟踪本地分支 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local branch %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪本地分支 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:94
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用变基来跟踪远程引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:95
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track remote ref %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪远程引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:99
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s by rebasing."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为使用变基来跟踪本地引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:100
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch %s set up to track local ref %s."
+msgstr "分支 %s 设置为跟踪本地引用 %s。"
+
+#: branch.c:133
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not tracking: ambiguous information for ref %s"
+msgstr "未跟踪：引用 %s 有歧义"
+
+#: branch.c:162
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid branch name."
+msgstr "'%s' 不是一个有效的分支名称。"
+
+#: branch.c:167
+#, c-format
+msgid "A branch named '%s' already exists."
+msgstr "一个分支名 '%s' 已经存在。"
+
+#: branch.c:175
+msgid "Cannot force update the current branch."
+msgstr "无法强制更新当前分支。"
+
+#: branch.c:195
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot setup tracking information; starting point '%s' is not a branch."
+msgstr "无法设置跟踪信息；起始点 '%s' 不是一个分支。"
+
+#: branch.c:197
+#, c-format
+msgid "the requested upstream branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "请求的上游分支 '%s' 不存在"
+
+#: branch.c:199
 msgid ""
-"Fix them up in the work tree,\n"
-"and then use 'git add/rm <file>' as\n"
-"appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit,\n"
-"or use 'git commit -a'."
+"\n"
+"If you are planning on basing your work on an upstream\n"
+"branch that already exists at the remote, you may need to\n"
+"run \"git fetch\" to retrieve it.\n"
+"\n"
+"If you are planning to push out a new local branch that\n"
+"will track its remote counterpart, you may want to use\n"
+"\"git push -u\" to set the upstream config as you push."
 msgstr ""
-"请先在工作区改正文件，然后酌情使用\n"
-"'git add/rm <file>' 标记解决方案，\n"
-"或使用 'git commit -a'。"
+"\n"
+"如果您正计划基于远程一个现存的上游分支开始你的工作，\n"
+"您可能需要执行 \"git fetch\" 来获取分支。\n"
+"\n"
+"如果您正计划推送一个能与对应远程分支建立跟踪的新的本地分支，\n"
+"您可能需要使用 \"git push -u\" 推送分支并配置和上游的关联。"
+
+#: branch.c:243
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "不是一个有效的对象名：'%s'。"
+
+#: branch.c:263
+#, c-format
+msgid "Ambiguous object name: '%s'."
+msgstr "歧义的对象名：'%s'。"
 
-#: commit.c:47
+#: branch.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid branch point: '%s'."
+msgstr "无效的分支点：'%s'。"
+
+#: bundle.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' does not look like a v2 bundle file"
+msgstr "'%s' 不像是一个 v2 版本的包文件"
+
+#: bundle.c:61
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized header: %s%s (%d)"
+msgstr "未能识别的包头：%s%s (%d)"
+
+#: bundle.c:87 builtin/commit.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not open '%s'"
+msgstr "不能打开 '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:139
+msgid "Repository lacks these prerequisite commits:"
+msgstr "版本库缺少这些必备的提交："
+
+#: bundle.c:163 sequencer.c:650 sequencer.c:1105 builtin/blame.c:2705
+#: builtin/branch.c:659 builtin/commit.c:1045 builtin/log.c:330
+#: builtin/log.c:823 builtin/log.c:1432 builtin/log.c:1669 builtin/merge.c:358
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:158
+msgid "revision walk setup failed"
+msgstr "版本遍历设置失败"
+
+#: bundle.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle contains this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle contains these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "这个包中含有这个引用："
+msgstr[1] "这个包中含有 %d 个引用："
+
+#: bundle.c:192
+msgid "The bundle records a complete history."
+msgstr "这个包记录一个完整历史。"
+
+#: bundle.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "The bundle requires this ref:"
+msgid_plural "The bundle requires these %d refs:"
+msgstr[0] "这个包需要这个引用："
+msgstr[1] "这个包需要 %d 个引用："
+
+#: bundle.c:251
+msgid "Could not spawn pack-objects"
+msgstr "不能生成 pack-objects 进程"
+
+#: bundle.c:269
+msgid "pack-objects died"
+msgstr "pack-objects 终止"
+
+#: bundle.c:309
+msgid "rev-list died"
+msgstr "rev-list 终止"
+
+#: bundle.c:358
+#, c-format
+msgid "ref '%s' is excluded by the rev-list options"
+msgstr "引用 '%s' 被 rev-list 选项排除"
+
+#: bundle.c:437 builtin/log.c:153 builtin/log.c:1342 builtin/shortlog.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
+msgstr "未能识别的参数：%s"
+
+#: bundle.c:443
+msgid "Refusing to create empty bundle."
+msgstr "不能创建空包。"
+
+#: bundle.c:453
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create '%s'"
+msgstr "不能创建 '%s'"
+
+#: bundle.c:474
+msgid "index-pack died"
+msgstr "index-pack 终止"
+
+#: color.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid color value: %.*s"
+msgstr "无效的颜色值：%.*s"
+
+#: commit.c:40
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not parse %s"
 msgstr "不能解析 %s"
 
-#: commit.c:49
+#: commit.c:42
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s %s is not a commit!"
 msgstr "%s %s 不是一个提交!"
@@ -56,64 +339,186 @@ msgstr "%s %s 不是一个提交!"
 msgid "memory exhausted"
 msgstr "内存耗尽"
 
-#: connected.c:39
+#: config.c:474 config.c:476
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config file line %d in %s"
+msgstr "配置文件 %2$s 出错于第 %1$d 行"
+
+#: config.c:592
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s' in %s: %s"
+msgstr "文件 %3$s 中配置变量 '%2$s' 的数字取值 '%1$s' 设置错误: %4$s"
+
+#: config.c:594
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad numeric config value '%s' for '%s': %s"
+msgstr "配置变量 '%2$s' 的数字取值 '%1$s' 设置错误: %3$s"
+
+#: config.c:679
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to expand user dir in: '%s'"
+msgstr "无法扩展 '%s' 中的用户目录"
+
+#: config.c:757 config.c:768
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad zlib compression level %d"
+msgstr "错误的 zlib 压缩级别 %d"
+
+#: config.c:890
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid mode for object creation: %s"
+msgstr "无效的对象创建模式：%s"
+
+#: config.c:1216
+msgid "unable to parse command-line config"
+msgstr "无法解析命令行中的配置"
+
+#: config.c:1277
+msgid "unknown error occured while reading the configuration files"
+msgstr "在读取配置文件时遇到未知错误"
+
+#: config.c:1601
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse '%s' from command-line config"
+msgstr "无法解析命令行配置中的 '%s'"
+
+#: config.c:1603
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad config variable '%s' in file '%s' at line %d"
+msgstr "在文件 '%2$s' 的第 %3$d 行发现错误的配置变量 '%1$s'"
+
+#: config.c:1662
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has multiple values"
+msgstr "%s 有多个取值"
+
+#: connected.c:69
 msgid "Could not run 'git rev-list'"
 msgstr "不能执行 'git rev-list'"
 
-#: connected.c:48
+#: connected.c:89
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed write to rev-list: %s"
 msgstr "无法写入 rev-list：%s"
 
-#: connected.c:56
+#: connected.c:97
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to close rev-list's stdin: %s"
 msgstr "无法关闭 rev-list 的标准输入：%s"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: diff.c:104
+#: date.c:95
+msgid "in the future"
+msgstr "在将来"
+
+#: date.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu second ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu seconds ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 秒钟前"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 秒钟前"
+
+#: date.c:108
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu minute ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu minutes ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 分钟前"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 分钟前"
+
+#: date.c:115
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu hour ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu hours ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 小时前"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 小时前"
+
+#: date.c:122
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  无法解析 dirstat 阈值 '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "%lu day ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu days ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 天前"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 天前"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: diff.c:109
+#: date.c:128
 #, c-format
-msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%.*s'\n"
-msgstr "  未知 dirstat 参数 '%.*s'\n"
+msgid "%lu week ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu weeks ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 周前"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 周前"
 
-#: diff.c:205
+#: date.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 个月前"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 个月前"
+
+#: date.c:146
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year"
+msgid_plural "%lu years"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 年"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 年"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: "%s" is "<n> years"
+#: date.c:149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s, %lu month ago"
+msgid_plural "%s, %lu months ago"
+msgstr[0] "%s %lu 个月前"
+msgstr[1] "%s %lu 个月前"
+
+#: date.c:154 date.c:159
+#, c-format
+msgid "%lu year ago"
+msgid_plural "%lu years ago"
+msgstr[0] "%lu 年前"
+msgstr[1] "%lu 年前"
+
+#: diffcore-order.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to read orderfile '%s'"
+msgstr "无法读取排序文件 '%s'"
+
+#: diffcore-rename.c:536
+msgid "Performing inexact rename detection"
+msgstr "正在进行非精确的重命名检测"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: diff.c:114
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Failed to parse dirstat cut-off percentage '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  无法解析 dirstat 截止（cut-off）百分比 '%s'\n"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: diff.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Unknown dirstat parameter '%s'\n"
+msgstr "  未知的 dirstat 参数 '%s'\n"
+
+#: diff.c:214
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown value for 'diff.submodule' config variable: '%s'"
+msgstr "配置变量 'diff.submodule' 未知的取值：'%s'"
+
+#: diff.c:266
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Found errors in 'diff.dirstat' config variable:\n"
 "%s"
 msgstr ""
-"配置变量 'diff.dirstat' 出错：\n"
+"发现配置变量 'diff.dirstat' 中的错误：\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: diff.c:1331
-msgid " 0 files changed\n"
-msgstr "0 个文件被修改\n"
-
-#: diff.c:1335
+#: diff.c:2956
 #, c-format
-msgid " %d file changed"
-msgid_plural " %d files changed"
-msgstr[0] " %d 个文件被修改"
+msgid "external diff died, stopping at %s"
+msgstr "外部 diff 退出，停止在 %s"
 
-#: diff.c:1352
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d insertion(+)"
-msgid_plural ", %d insertions(+)"
-msgstr[0] "，%d 行插入(+)"
+#: diff.c:3351
+msgid "--follow requires exactly one pathspec"
+msgstr "--follow 参数后只跟一个 pathspec"
 
-#: diff.c:1363
-#, c-format
-msgid ", %d deletion(-)"
-msgid_plural ", %d deletions(-)"
-msgstr[0] "，%d 行删除(-)"
-
-#: diff.c:3364
+#: diff.c:3514
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Failed to parse --dirstat/-X option parameter:\n"
@@ -122,34 +527,62 @@ msgstr ""
 "无法解析 --dirstat/-X 选项的参数：\n"
 "%s"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:59
+#: diff.c:3528
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to parse --submodule option parameter: '%s'"
+msgstr "无法解析 --submodule 选项的参数：'%s'"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:129 gpg-interface.c:200
 msgid "could not run gpg."
 msgstr "不能执行 gpg。"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:71
+#: gpg-interface.c:141
 msgid "gpg did not accept the data"
 msgstr "gpg 没有接受数据"
 
-#: gpg-interface.c:82
+#: gpg-interface.c:152
 msgid "gpg failed to sign the data"
 msgstr "gpg 无法为数据签名"
 
-#: grep.c:1285
+#: gpg-interface.c:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not create temporary file '%s': %s"
+msgstr "不能创建临时文件 '%s'：%s"
+
+#: gpg-interface.c:188
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed writing detached signature to '%s': %s"
+msgstr "无法将分离式签名写入 '%s'：%s"
+
+#: grep.c:1718
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': unable to read %s"
 msgstr "'%s'：无法读取 %s"
 
-#: grep.c:1302
+#: grep.c:1735
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': %s"
 msgstr "'%s'：%s"
 
-#: grep.c:1313
+#: grep.c:1746
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': short read %s"
 msgstr "'%s'：读取不完整 %s"
 
-#: help.c:287
+#: help.c:207
+#, c-format
+msgid "available git commands in '%s'"
+msgstr "在 '%s' 下可用的 git 命令"
+
+#: help.c:214
+msgid "git commands available from elsewhere on your $PATH"
+msgstr "在 $PATH 路径中的其他地方可用的 git 命令"
+
+#: help.c:230
+msgid "The most commonly used git commands are:"
+msgstr "最常用的 git 命令有："
+
+#: help.c:289
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "'%s' appears to be a git command, but we were not\n"
@@ -158,20 +591,515 @@ msgstr ""
 "'%s' 像是一个 git 命令，但却无法运行。\n"
 "可能是 git-%s 受损？"
 
-#: remote.c:1607
+#: help.c:346
+msgid "Uh oh. Your system reports no Git commands at all."
+msgstr "唉呀，您的系统中未发现 Git 命令。"
+
+#: help.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"WARNING: You called a Git command named '%s', which does not exist.\n"
+"Continuing under the assumption that you meant '%s'"
+msgstr ""
+"警告：您运行一个不存在的 Git 命令 '%s'。继续执行假定您要要运行的\n"
+"是 '%s'"
+
+#: help.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "in %0.1f seconds automatically..."
+msgstr "在 %0.1f 秒钟后自动运行..."
+
+#: help.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "git: '%s' is not a git command. See 'git --help'."
+msgstr "git：'%s' 不是一个 git 命令。参见 'git --help'。"
+
+#: help.c:384 help.c:444
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean this?"
+msgid_plural ""
+"\n"
+"Did you mean one of these?"
+msgstr[0] ""
+"\n"
+"您指的是这个么？"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"\n"
+"您指的是这其中的某一个么？"
+
+#: help.c:440
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s - %s"
+msgstr "%s：%s - %s"
+
+#: lockfile.c:283
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that is still open"
+msgstr "BUG: 重新打开一个仍打开着的锁文件"
+
+#: lockfile.c:285
+msgid "BUG: reopen a lockfile that has been committed"
+msgstr "BUG: 重新打开一个已提交的锁文件"
+
+#: merge.c:41
+msgid "failed to read the cache"
+msgstr "无法读取缓存"
+
+#: merge.c:94 builtin/checkout.c:374 builtin/checkout.c:580
+#: builtin/clone.c:662
+msgid "unable to write new index file"
+msgstr "无法写新的索引文件"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:189
+#, c-format
+msgid "(bad commit)\n"
+msgstr "（坏提交）\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:209
+#, c-format
+msgid "addinfo_cache failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "为路径 '%s' addinfo_cache 失败"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:270
+msgid "error building trees"
+msgstr "无法创建树"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:688
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to create path '%s'%s"
+msgstr "无法创建路径 '%s'%s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:699
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s to make room for subdirectory\n"
+msgstr "删除 %s 以便为子目录留出空间\n"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:713 merge-recursive.c:734
+msgid ": perhaps a D/F conflict?"
+msgstr "：可能是一个目录/文件冲突？"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:724
+#, c-format
+msgid "refusing to lose untracked file at '%s'"
+msgstr "拒绝丢弃 '%s' 中的未跟踪文件"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:764
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s '%s'"
+msgstr "不能读取对象 %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "blob expected for %s '%s'"
+msgstr "%s '%s' 应为数据（blob）对象"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:789 builtin/clone.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to open '%s'"
+msgstr "无法打开 '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:797
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to symlink '%s'"
+msgstr "无法创建符号链接 '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:800
+#, c-format
+msgid "do not know what to do with %06o %s '%s'"
+msgstr "不知道如何处理 %06o %s '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:938
+msgid "Failed to execute internal merge"
+msgstr "无法执行内部合并"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:942
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unable to add %s to database"
+msgstr "不能添加 %s 至对象库"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:958
+msgid "unsupported object type in the tree"
+msgstr "在树中有不支持的对象类型"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1033 merge-recursive.c:1047
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree."
+msgstr ""
+"冲突（%1$s/删除）：%2$s 在 %3$s 中被删除，在 %5$s 中被 %4$s。%7$s 在 %6$s 中"
+"的版本被保留。"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1039 merge-recursive.c:1052
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (%s/delete): %s deleted in %s and %s in %s. Version %s of %s left "
+"in tree at %s."
+msgstr ""
+"冲突（%1$s/删除）：%2$s 在 %3$s 中被删除，在 %5$s 中被 %4$s。%7$s 在 %6$s 中"
+"的版本保留于 %8$s 中。"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "rename"
+msgstr "重命名"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1093
+msgid "renamed"
+msgstr "重命名"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1149
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a directory in %s adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "%s 是 %s 中的一个目录而以 %s 为名被添加"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1171
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename \"%s\"->\"%s\" in branch \"%s\" rename \"%s"
+"\"->\"%s\" in \"%s\"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"冲突（重命名/重命名）：在分支 \"%3$s\" 中重命名 \"%1$s\"->\"%2$s\"，在分支 "
+"\"%6$s\" 中重命名 \"%4$s\"->\"%5$s\"%7$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1176
+msgid " (left unresolved)"
+msgstr "（留下未解决）"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1230
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/rename): Rename %s->%s in %s. Rename %s->%s in %s"
+msgstr ""
+"冲突（重命名/重命名）：在 %3$s 中重命名 %1$s->%2$s，在 %6$s 中重命名 %4$s->"
+"%5$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1260
+#, c-format
+msgid "Renaming %s to %s and %s to %s instead"
+msgstr "而是重命名 %s 至 %s，以及 %s 至 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1459
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (rename/add): Rename %s->%s in %s. %s added in %s"
+msgstr "冲突（重命名/添加）：在 %3$s 中重命名 %1$s->%2$s。在 %5$s 中添加 %4$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1469
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding merged %s"
+msgstr "添加合并后的 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1474 merge-recursive.c:1672
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding as %s instead"
+msgstr "而是以 %s 为名添加"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1525
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read object %s"
+msgstr "不能读取对象 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1528
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s is not a blob"
+msgstr "对象 %s 不是一个数据（blob）对象"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modify"
+msgstr "修改"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1576
+msgid "modified"
+msgstr "修改"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1586
+msgid "content"
+msgstr "内容"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1593
+msgid "add/add"
+msgstr "添加/添加"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1627
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipped %s (merged same as existing)"
+msgstr "略过 %s（已经做过相同合并）"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1641
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto-merging %s"
+msgstr "自动合并 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1645 git-submodule.sh:1150
+msgid "submodule"
+msgstr "子模组"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1646
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): Merge conflict in %s"
+msgstr "冲突（%s）：合并冲突于 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1732
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s"
+msgstr "删除 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1757
+msgid "file/directory"
+msgstr "文件/目录"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1763
+msgid "directory/file"
+msgstr "目录/文件"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1768
+#, c-format
+msgid "CONFLICT (%s): There is a directory with name %s in %s. Adding %s as %s"
+msgstr "冲突（%1$s）：在 %3$s 中有一个名为 %2$s 的目录。以 %5$s 为名添加 %4$s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1778
+#, c-format
+msgid "Adding %s"
+msgstr "添加 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1795
+msgid "Fatal merge failure, shouldn't happen."
+msgstr "严重的合并错误，不应发生。"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1814
+msgid "Already up-to-date!"
+msgstr "已经是最新的！"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1823
+#, c-format
+msgid "merging of trees %s and %s failed"
+msgstr "无法合并树 %s 和 %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1853
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unprocessed path??? %s"
+msgstr "未处理的路径??? %s"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1901
+msgid "Merging:"
+msgstr "合并："
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1914
+#, c-format
+msgid "found %u common ancestor:"
+msgid_plural "found %u common ancestors:"
+msgstr[0] "发现 %u 个共同祖先："
+msgstr[1] "发现 %u 个共同祖先："
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:1951
+msgid "merge returned no commit"
+msgstr "合并未返回提交"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2008
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse object '%s'"
+msgstr "不能解析对象 '%s'"
+
+#: merge-recursive.c:2019 builtin/merge.c:667
+msgid "Unable to write index."
+msgstr "不能写入索引。"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:41
+msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
+msgstr "不能提交未初始化/未引用的注解树"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:82
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
+msgstr "坏的 notes.rewriteMode 值：'%s'"
+
+#: notes-utils.c:92
+#, c-format
+msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
+msgstr "拒绝向 %s（在 refs/notes/ 之外）写入注解"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
+#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
+#: notes-utils.c:119
+#, c-format
+msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
+msgstr "坏的 %s 值：'%s'"
+
+#: object.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse object: %s"
+msgstr "不能解析对象：%s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:546
+msgid "..."
+msgstr "..."
+
+#: parse-options.c:564
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s"
+msgstr "用法：%s"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: the colon here should align with the
+#. one in "usage: %s" translation
+#: parse-options.c:568
+#, c-format
+msgid "   or: %s"
+msgstr "  或：%s"
+
+#  译者：为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
+#: parse-options.c:571
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %s"
+msgstr "    %s"
+
+#: parse-options.c:605
+msgid "-NUM"
+msgstr "-数字"
+
+#: pathspec.c:133
+msgid "global 'glob' and 'noglob' pathspec settings are incompatible"
+msgstr "全局的 'glob' 和 'noglob' 路径规则设置不兼容"
+
+#: pathspec.c:143
+msgid ""
+"global 'literal' pathspec setting is incompatible with all other global "
+"pathspec settings"
+msgstr "全局的 'literal' 路径规则设置和其它的全局路径规则设置不兼容"
+
+#: pathspec.c:177
+msgid "invalid parameter for pathspec magic 'prefix'"
+msgstr "路径规则包含无效的神奇前缀"
+
+#: pathspec.c:183
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'"
+msgstr "在路径规则 '%3$s' 中无效的神奇前缀 '%2$.*1$s'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "Missing ')' at the end of pathspec magic in '%s'"
+msgstr "路径规则 '%s' 的神奇前缀结尾少了一个 ')'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'"
+msgstr "路径规则 '%2$s' 中包含未实现的神奇前缀 '%1$c'"
+
+#: pathspec.c:230
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: 'literal' and 'glob' are incompatible"
+msgstr "%s：'literal' 和 'glob' 不兼容"
+
+#: pathspec.c:241
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: '%s' is outside repository"
+msgstr "%s：'%s' 在版本库之外"
+
+#: pathspec.c:291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pathspec '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
+msgstr "路径规则 '%s' 在子模组 '%.*s' 中"
+
+#: pathspec.c:353
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: pathspec magic not supported by this command: %s"
+msgstr "%s：路径规则神奇前缀不被此命令支持：%s"
+
+#: pathspec.c:432
+#, c-format
+msgid "pathspec '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "路径规则 '%s' 位于符号链接中"
+
+#: pathspec.c:441
+msgid ""
+"There is nothing to exclude from by :(exclude) patterns.\n"
+"Perhaps you forgot to add either ':/' or '.' ?"
+msgstr ""
+"没有为 :(exclude) 模式提供要忽略的内容。也许您忘记了\n"
+"添加 ':/' 或 '.' ？"
+
+#: pretty.c:968
+msgid "unable to parse --pretty format"
+msgstr "不能解析 --pretty 格式"
+
+#: progress.c:225
+msgid "done"
+msgstr "完成"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1275
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"设置了 index.version，但是取值无效。\n"
+"使用版本 %i"
+
+#: read-cache.c:1285
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+"Using version %i"
+msgstr ""
+"设置了 GIT_INDEX_VERSION，但是取值无效。\n"
+"使用版本 %i"
+
+#: remote.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"
+msgstr "不能同时获取 %s 和 %s 至 %s"
+
+#: remote.c:786
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s usually tracks %s, not %s"
+msgstr "%s 通常跟踪 %s，而非 %s"
+
+#: remote.c:790
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s tracks both %s and %s"
+msgstr "%s 同时跟踪 %s 和 %s"
+
+#: remote.c:798
+msgid "Internal error"
+msgstr "内部错误"
+
+#: remote.c:1980
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"
+msgstr "您的分支基于 '%s'，但此上游分支已经不存在。\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1984
+msgid "  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git branch --unset-upstream\" 来修复）\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1987
+#, c-format
+msgid "Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"
+msgstr "您的分支与上游分支 '%s' 一致。\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1991
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n"
 msgid_plural "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n"
 msgstr[0] "您的分支领先 '%s' 共 %d 个提交。\n"
+msgstr[1] "您的分支领先 '%s' 共 %d 个提交。\n"
+
+#: remote.c:1997
+msgid "  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git push\" 来发布您的本地提交）\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1613
+#: remote.c:2000
 #, c-format
 msgid "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
 msgid_plural ""
 "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, and can be fast-forwarded.\n"
-msgstr[0] "您的分支落后 '%s' 共 %d 个提交，且可以快进。\n"
+msgstr[0] "您的分支落后 '%s' 共 %d 个提交，并且可以快进。\n"
+msgstr[1] "您的分支落后 '%s' 共 %d 个提交，并且可以快进。\n"
 
-#: remote.c:1621
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: remote.c:2008
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git pull\" 来更新您的本地分支）\n"
+
+#: remote.c:2011
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
@@ -181,772 +1109,2092 @@ msgid_plural ""
 "and have %d and %d different commits each, respectively.\n"
 msgstr[0] ""
 "您的分支和 '%s' 出现了偏离，\n"
-"并且各自分别有 %d 和 %d 处不同的提交。\n"
+"并且分别有 %d 和 %d 处不同的提交。\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"您的分支和 '%s' 出现了偏离，\n"
+"并且分别有 %d 和 %d 处不同的提交。\n"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: remote.c:2021
+msgid "  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git pull\" 来合并远程分支）\n"
+
+#: revision.c:2348
+msgid "--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"
+msgstr "--first-parent 与 --bisect 不兼容"
+
+#: run-command.c:83
+msgid "open /dev/null failed"
+msgstr "不能打开 /dev/null"
 
-#: sequencer.c:120 builtin/merge.c:862 builtin/merge.c:983
-#: builtin/merge.c:1093 builtin/merge.c:1103
+#: run-command.c:85
+#, c-format
+msgid "dup2(%d,%d) failed"
+msgstr "不能调用 dup2(%d,%d)"
+
+#: send-pack.c:272
+msgid "failed to sign the push certificate"
+msgstr "无法为推送证书签名"
+
+#: send-pack.c:356
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --signed push"
+msgstr "接收端不支持签名推送"
+
+#: send-pack.c:366
+msgid "the receiving end does not support --atomic push"
+msgstr "接收端不支持原子推送"
+
+#: sequencer.c:172 builtin/merge.c:782 builtin/merge.c:893 builtin/merge.c:995
+#: builtin/merge.c:1005
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing"
-msgstr "无法打开 '%s' 以写入"
+msgstr "不能为写入打开 '%s'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:122 builtin/merge.c:334 builtin/merge.c:865
-#: builtin/merge.c:1095 builtin/merge.c:1108
+#: sequencer.c:174 builtin/merge.c:344 builtin/merge.c:785 builtin/merge.c:997
+#: builtin/merge.c:1010
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to '%s'"
-msgstr "无法写入 '%s'"
+msgstr "不能写入 '%s'"
 
-#: sequencer.c:142
+#: sequencer.c:195
+msgid ""
+"after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
+"with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'"
+msgstr ""
+"冲突解决完毕后，用 'git add <路径>' 或 'git rm <路径>'\n"
+"命令标记修正后的文件"
+
+#: sequencer.c:198
 msgid ""
 "after resolving the conflicts, mark the corrected paths\n"
 "with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'\n"
 "and commit the result with 'git commit'"
 msgstr ""
-"冲突解决完毕后，用 'git add <paths>' 或 'git rm <paths>'\n"
+"冲突解决完毕后，用 'git add <路径>' 或 'git rm <路径>'\n"
 "对修正后的文件做标记，然后用 'git commit' 提交"
 
-#: sequencer.c:154 sequencer.c:680 sequencer.c:763
+#: sequencer.c:211 sequencer.c:861 sequencer.c:944
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not write to %s"
 msgstr "不能写入 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:157
+#: sequencer.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s"
 msgstr "错误收尾 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:172
+#: sequencer.c:229
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by cherry-pick."
 msgstr "您的本地修改将被拣选操作覆盖。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:174
+#: sequencer.c:231
 msgid "Your local changes would be overwritten by revert."
 msgstr "您的本地修改将被还原操作覆盖。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:177
+#: sequencer.c:234
 msgid "Commit your changes or stash them to proceed."
 msgstr "提交您的修改或保存进度后再继续。"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick"
-#: sequencer.c:227
+#: sequencer.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: Unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "%s：无法写入新暂存区文件"
+msgstr "%s：无法写入新索引文件"
 
-#: sequencer.c:293
-msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
-msgstr "您的暂存区文件未完成合并。"
+#: sequencer.c:339
+msgid "Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"
+msgstr "不能解析 HEAD 提交\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:296
-msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD"
-msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD"
+#: sequencer.c:359
+msgid "Unable to update cache tree\n"
+msgstr "不能更新缓存\n"
 
-#: sequencer.c:311
+#: sequencer.c:411
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse commit %s\n"
+msgstr "不能解析提交 %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not parse parent commit %s\n"
+msgstr "不能解析父提交 %s\n"
+
+#: sequencer.c:482
+msgid "Your index file is unmerged."
+msgstr "您的索引文件未完成合并。"
+
+#: sequencer.c:501
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s is a merge but no -m option was given."
 msgstr "提交 %s 是一个合并提交但未提供 -m 选项。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:319
+#: sequencer.c:509
 #, c-format
 msgid "Commit %s does not have parent %d"
 msgstr "提交 %s 没有父提交 %d"
 
-#: sequencer.c:323
+#: sequencer.c:513
 #, c-format
 msgid "Mainline was specified but commit %s is not a merge."
-msgstr "提供了主线但提交 %s 不是一个合并。"
+msgstr "指定了主线但提交 %s 不是一个合并。"
 
 #. TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
 #. "cherry-pick", the second %s a SHA1
-#: sequencer.c:334
+#: sequencer.c:526
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: cannot parse parent commit %s"
 msgstr "%s：不能解析父提交 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:338
+#: sequencer.c:530
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot get commit message for %s"
 msgstr "不能得到 %s 的提交说明"
 
-#: sequencer.c:422
+#: sequencer.c:616
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not revert %s... %s"
 msgstr "不能还原 %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:423
+#: sequencer.c:617
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not apply %s... %s"
 msgstr "不能应用 %s... %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:445 sequencer.c:904 builtin/log.c:286 builtin/log.c:709
-#: builtin/log.c:1325 builtin/log.c:1544 builtin/merge.c:348
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:181
-msgid "revision walk setup failed"
-msgstr "版本遍历设置失败"
-
-#: sequencer.c:448
+#: sequencer.c:653
 msgid "empty commit set passed"
 msgstr "提供了空的提交集"
 
-#: sequencer.c:456
+#: sequencer.c:661
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to read the index"
-msgstr "git %s: 无法读取暂存区"
+msgstr "git %s：无法读取索引"
 
-#: sequencer.c:461
+#: sequencer.c:665
 #, c-format
 msgid "git %s: failed to refresh the index"
-msgstr "git %s: 无法刷新暂存区"
+msgstr "git %s：无法刷新索引"
 
-#: sequencer.c:546
+#: sequencer.c:725
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot %s during a %s"
-msgstr "无法 %s 在 %s 过程中"
+msgstr "无法 %s 在一个 %s 过程中"
 
-#: sequencer.c:568
+#: sequencer.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse line %d."
-msgstr "无法解析第 %d 行。"
+msgstr "不能解析第 %d 行。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:573
+#: sequencer.c:752
 msgid "No commits parsed."
-msgstr "未有提交被解析。"
+msgstr "没有提交被解析。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:586
+#: sequencer.c:765
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open %s"
 msgstr "不能打开 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:590
+#: sequencer.c:769
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read %s."
 msgstr "不能读取 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:597
+#: sequencer.c:776
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unusable instruction sheet: %s"
 msgstr "无用的指令表单：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:625
+#: sequencer.c:806
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid key: %s"
 msgstr "无效键名：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:628
+#: sequencer.c:809
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid value for %s: %s"
-msgstr "无效的 %s 值：%s"
+msgstr "%s 的值无效：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:640
+#: sequencer.c:821
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed options sheet: %s"
 msgstr "非法的选项表单：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:661
+#: sequencer.c:842
 msgid "a cherry-pick or revert is already in progress"
 msgstr "一个拣选或还原操作已在进行"
 
-#: sequencer.c:662
+#: sequencer.c:843
 msgid "try \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 msgstr "尝试 \"git cherry-pick (--continue | --quit | --abort)\""
 
-#: sequencer.c:666
+#: sequencer.c:847
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create sequencer directory %s"
-msgstr "无法创建序列目录 %s"
+msgstr "不能创建序列目录 %s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:682 sequencer.c:767
+#: sequencer.c:863 sequencer.c:948
 #, c-format
 msgid "Error wrapping up %s."
 msgstr "错误收尾 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:701 sequencer.c:835
+#: sequencer.c:882 sequencer.c:1018
 msgid "no cherry-pick or revert in progress"
-msgstr "没有拣选或还原操作在进行"
+msgstr "拣选或还原操作并未进行"
 
-#: sequencer.c:703
+#: sequencer.c:884
 msgid "cannot resolve HEAD"
 msgstr "不能解析 HEAD"
 
-#: sequencer.c:705
+#: sequencer.c:886
 msgid "cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"
-msgstr "不能从未初始分支终止"
+msgstr "不能从尚未建立的分支终止"
 
-#: sequencer.c:727
+#: sequencer.c:908 builtin/apply.c:4288
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s"
 msgstr "不能打开 %s：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:730
+#: sequencer.c:911
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read %s: %s"
 msgstr "不能读取 %s：%s"
 
-#: sequencer.c:731
+#: sequencer.c:912
 msgid "unexpected end of file"
-msgstr "未预期的文件结束"
+msgstr "意外的文件结束"
 
-#: sequencer.c:737
+#: sequencer.c:918
 #, c-format
 msgid "stored pre-cherry-pick HEAD file '%s' is corrupt"
-msgstr "保存预拣选提交的 HEAD 文件 '%s' 损坏"
+msgstr "保存拣选提交前的 HEAD 文件 '%s' 损坏"
 
-#: sequencer.c:760
+#: sequencer.c:941
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not format %s."
 msgstr "不能格式化 %s。"
 
-#: sequencer.c:922
+#: sequencer.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"
+msgstr "%s：不能拣选一个%s"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1089
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad revision"
+msgstr "%s：错误的版本"
+
+#: sequencer.c:1123
 msgid "Can't revert as initial commit"
 msgstr "不能作为初始提交还原"
 
-#: sequencer.c:923
+#: sequencer.c:1124
 msgid "Can't cherry-pick into empty head"
 msgstr "不能拣选到空分支"
 
-#: wt-status.c:134
+#: sha1_name.c:440
+msgid ""
+"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\""
+msgstr ""
+"Git 通常不会创建一个以40位十六进制字符命名的引用，因为当你提供40位\n"
+"十六进制字符时将被忽略。不过这些引用也可能被错误地创建。例如：\n"
+"\n"
+"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+"\n"
+"当 \"$br\" 空白时一个40位十六进制的引用将被创建。请检查这些引用，\n"
+"可能需要删除它们。用 \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"\n"
+"命令关闭本消息通知。"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1068
+msgid "HEAD does not point to a branch"
+msgstr "HEAD 没有指向一个分支"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1071
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such branch: '%s'"
+msgstr "没有此分支：'%s'"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1073
+#, c-format
+msgid "No upstream configured for branch '%s'"
+msgstr "尚未给分支 '%s' 设置上游"
+
+#: sha1_name.c:1077
+#, c-format
+msgid "Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"
+msgstr "上游分支 '%s' 没有存储为一个远程跟踪分支"
+
+#: submodule.c:64 submodule.c:98
+msgid "Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"
+msgstr "无法修改未合并的 .gitmodules，先解决合并冲突"
+
+#: submodule.c:68 submodule.c:102
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"
+msgstr "无法在 .gitmodules 中找到 path=%s 的小节"
+
+#: submodule.c:76
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"
+msgstr "不能更新 .gitmodules 条目 %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:109
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"
+msgstr "无法移除 %s 的 .gitmodules 条目"
+
+#: submodule.c:120
+msgid "staging updated .gitmodules failed"
+msgstr "将更新后 .gitmodules 添加暂存区失败"
+
+#: submodule.c:1109 builtin/init-db.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not create git link %s"
+msgstr "不能创建 git link %s"
+
+#: submodule.c:1120
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set core.worktree in %s"
+msgstr "不能在 %s 中设置 core.worktree"
+
+#: trailer.c:491 trailer.c:495 trailer.c:499 trailer.c:553 trailer.c:557
+#: trailer.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"
+msgstr "键 '%2$s' 的未知取值 '%1$s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:543 trailer.c:548 builtin/remote.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "more than one %s"
+msgstr "多于一个 %s"
+
+#: trailer.c:581
+#, c-format
+msgid "empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"
+msgstr "签名 '%.*s' 的键为空"
+
+#: trailer.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not read input file '%s'"
+msgstr "不能读取输入文件 '%s'"
+
+#: trailer.c:704
+msgid "could not read from stdin"
+msgstr "不能自标准输入读取"
+
+#: unpack-trees.c:202
+msgid "Checking out files"
+msgstr "正在检出文件"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:120
+msgid "invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix"
+msgstr "无效的 URL 方案名称或丢失 '://' 后缀"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:144 urlmatch.c:297 urlmatch.c:356
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %XX escape sequence"
+msgstr "无效的 %XX 转义序列"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:172
+msgid "missing host and scheme is not 'file:'"
+msgstr "缺失主机名且URL方案不是 'file:'"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:189
+msgid "a 'file:' URL may not have a port number"
+msgstr "一个 'file:' URL 不应该包含端口号"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:199
+msgid "invalid characters in host name"
+msgstr "主机名中包含无效的字符"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:244 urlmatch.c:255
+msgid "invalid port number"
+msgstr "无效的端口号"
+
+#: urlmatch.c:322
+msgid "invalid '..' path segment"
+msgstr "无效的 '..' 路径片段"
+
+#: wrapper.c:523
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s': %s"
+msgstr "不能访问 '%s'：%s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:544
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to access '%s'"
+msgstr "不能访问 '%s'"
+
+#: wrapper.c:555
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"
+msgstr "无法在口令文件中查询到当前用户：%s"
+
+#: wrapper.c:556
+msgid "no such user"
+msgstr "无此用户"
+
+#: wrapper.c:564
+msgid "unable to get current working directory"
+msgstr "不能获取当前工作目录"
+
+#: wt-status.c:150
 msgid "Unmerged paths:"
 msgstr "未合并的路径："
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:140 wt-status.c:157
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:177 wt-status.c:204
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"
-msgstr "  （使用 \"git reset %s <file>...\" 撤出暂存区）"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git reset %s <文件>...\" 撤出暂存区）"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:142 wt-status.c:159
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:179 wt-status.c:206
 msgid "  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"
-msgstr "  （使用 \"git rm --cached <file>...\" 撤出暂存区）"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git rm --cached <文件>...\" 撤出暂存区）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:183
+msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git add <文件>...\" 标记解决方案）"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:143
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:185 wt-status.c:189
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"
-msgstr "  （酌情使用 \"git add/rm <file>...\" 标记解决方案）"
+msgstr "  （酌情使用 \"git add/rm <文件>...\" 标记解决方案）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:151
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:187
+msgid "  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git rm <文件>...\" 标记解决方案）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:198 wt-status.c:878
 msgid "Changes to be committed:"
 msgstr "要提交的变更："
 
-#: wt-status.c:169
+#: wt-status.c:216 wt-status.c:887
 msgid "Changes not staged for commit:"
-msgstr "未暂存至提交的变更："
+msgstr "尚未暂存以备提交的变更："
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:173
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:220
 msgid "  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  （使用 \"git add <file>...\" 更新要提交的内容）"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git add <文件>...\" 更新要提交的内容）"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:175
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:222
 msgid "  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  （使用 \"git add/rm <file>...\" 更新要提交的内容）"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git add/rm <文件>...\" 更新要提交的内容）"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:176
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:223
 msgid ""
 "  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"
-msgstr "  （使用 \"git checkout -- <file>...\" 丢弃工作区的改动）"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git checkout -- <文件>...\" 丢弃工作区的改动）"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:178
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:225
 msgid "  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"
 msgstr "  （提交或丢弃子模组中未跟踪或修改的内容）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:187
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s files:"
-msgstr "%s文件："
-
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:190
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"
-msgstr "  （使用 \"git %s <file>...\" 包含到提交列表）"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git %s <文件>...\" 以包含要提交的内容）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:207
-msgid "bug"
-msgstr "bug"
-
-#: wt-status.c:212
+#: wt-status.c:252
 msgid "both deleted:"
 msgstr "双方删除："
 
-#: wt-status.c:213
+#: wt-status.c:254
 msgid "added by us:"
 msgstr "由我们添加："
 
-#: wt-status.c:214
+#: wt-status.c:256
 msgid "deleted by them:"
 msgstr "由他们删除："
 
-#: wt-status.c:215
+#: wt-status.c:258
 msgid "added by them:"
 msgstr "由他们添加："
 
-#: wt-status.c:216
+#: wt-status.c:260
 msgid "deleted by us:"
 msgstr "由我们删除："
 
-#: wt-status.c:217
+#: wt-status.c:262
 msgid "both added:"
 msgstr "双方添加："
 
-#: wt-status.c:218
+#: wt-status.c:264
 msgid "both modified:"
 msgstr "双方修改："
 
-#: wt-status.c:248
+#: wt-status.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"
+msgstr "bug：无法处理的未合并状态 %x"
+
+#: wt-status.c:274
+msgid "new file:"
+msgstr "新文件："
+
+#: wt-status.c:276
+msgid "copied:"
+msgstr "拷贝："
+
+#: wt-status.c:278
+msgid "deleted:"
+msgstr "删除："
+
+#: wt-status.c:280
+msgid "modified:"
+msgstr "修改："
+
+#: wt-status.c:282
+msgid "renamed:"
+msgstr "重命名："
+
+#: wt-status.c:284
+msgid "typechange:"
+msgstr "类型变更："
+
+#: wt-status.c:286
+msgid "unknown:"
+msgstr "未知："
+
+#: wt-status.c:288
+msgid "unmerged:"
+msgstr "未合并："
+
+#  译者：末尾两个字节可能被删减，如果翻译为中文标点会出现半个汉字
+#: wt-status.c:370
 msgid "new commits, "
-msgstr "新提交，"
+msgstr "新提交, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:250
+#  译者：末尾两个字节可能被删减，如果翻译为中文标点会出现半个汉字
+#: wt-status.c:372
 msgid "modified content, "
-msgstr "修改的内容，"
+msgstr "修改的内容, "
 
-#: wt-status.c:252
+#  译者：末尾两个字节可能被删减，如果翻译为中文标点会出现半个汉字
+#: wt-status.c:374
 msgid "untracked content, "
-msgstr "未跟踪的内容，"
+msgstr "未跟踪的内容, "
 
-#  为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
-#: wt-status.c:266
+#: wt-status.c:391
 #, c-format
-msgid "new file:   %s"
-msgstr "新文件：    %s"
+msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
+msgstr "bug：无法处理的差异状态 %c"
 
-#  为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
-#: wt-status.c:269
-#, c-format
-msgid "copied:     %s -> %s"
-msgstr "拷贝：      %s -> %s"
+#: wt-status.c:753
+msgid "Submodules changed but not updated:"
+msgstr "子模组已修改但尚未更新："
 
-#  为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
-#: wt-status.c:272
-#, c-format
-msgid "deleted:    %s"
-msgstr "删除：      %s"
+#: wt-status.c:755
+msgid "Submodule changes to be committed:"
+msgstr "要提交的子模组变更："
+
+#: wt-status.c:835
+msgid ""
+"Do not touch the line above.\n"
+"Everything below will be removed."
+msgstr ""
+"不要改动上面的一行。\n"
+"下面的所有内容均将被删除。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:946
+msgid "You have unmerged paths."
+msgstr "您有尚未合并的路径。"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:949
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲突并运行 \"git commit\"）"
 
-#  为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
-#: wt-status.c:275
+#: wt-status.c:952
+msgid "All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."
+msgstr "所有冲突已解决但您仍处于合并中。"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:955
+msgid "  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git commit\" 结束合并）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:965
+msgid "You are in the middle of an am session."
+msgstr "您正处于 am 操作过程中。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:968
+msgid "The current patch is empty."
+msgstr "当前的补丁为空。"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:972
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲突，然后运行 \"git am --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:974
+msgid "  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git am --skip\" 跳过此补丁）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:976
+msgid "  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git am --abort\" 恢复原有分支）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1036 wt-status.c:1053
 #, c-format
-msgid "modified:   %s"
-msgstr "修改：      %s"
+msgid "You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您在执行将分支 '%s' 变基到 '%s' 的操作。"
 
-#  为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
-#: wt-status.c:278
+#: wt-status.c:1041 wt-status.c:1058
+msgid "You are currently rebasing."
+msgstr "您在执行变基操作。"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1044
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲突，然后运行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1046
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git rebase --skip\" 跳过此补丁）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1048
+msgid "  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git rebase --abort\" 以检出原有分支）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1061
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （所有冲突已解决：运行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1065
 #, c-format
-msgid "renamed:    %s -> %s"
-msgstr "重命名：    %s -> %s"
+msgid ""
+"You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您在执行将分支 '%s' 变基到 '%s' 的操作时拆分提交。"
 
-#  为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
-#: wt-status.c:281
+#: wt-status.c:1070
+msgid "You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "您在执行变基操作时拆分提交。"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1073
+msgid "  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （一旦您工作目录提交干净后，运行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1077
 #, c-format
-msgid "typechange: %s"
-msgstr "类型变更：  %s"
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."
+msgstr "您在执行将分支 '%s' 变基到 '%s' 的操作时编辑提交。"
 
-#  为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
-#: wt-status.c:284
+#: wt-status.c:1082
+msgid "You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."
+msgstr "您在执行变基操作时编辑提交。"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1085
+msgid "  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git commit --amend\" 修补当前提交）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1087
+msgid ""
+"  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"
+msgstr "  （当您对您的修改满意后执行 \"git rebase --continue\"）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1097
 #, c-format
-msgid "unknown:    %s"
-msgstr "未知：      %s"
+msgid "You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."
+msgstr "您在执行拣选提交 %s 的操作。"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1102
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲突并运行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1105
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （所有冲突已解决：运行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1107
+msgid "  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git cherry-pick --abort\" 以取消拣选操作）"
 
-#  为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
-#: wt-status.c:287
+#: wt-status.c:1116
 #, c-format
-msgid "unmerged:   %s"
-msgstr "未合并：    %s"
+msgid "You are currently reverting commit %s."
+msgstr "您在执行反转提交 %s 的操作。"
 
-#: wt-status.c:290
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1121
+msgid "  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （解决冲突并运行 \"git revert --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1124
+msgid "  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"
+msgstr "  （所有冲突已解决：运行 \"git revert --continue\"）"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1126
+msgid "  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git revert --abort\" 以取消反转提交操作）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1137
 #, c-format
-msgid "bug: unhandled diff status %c"
-msgstr "bug: 未处理的差异状态 %c"
+msgid "You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."
+msgstr "您在执行从分支 '%s' 开始的二分查找操作。"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1141
+msgid "You are currently bisecting."
+msgstr "您在执行二分查找操作。"
 
-#: wt-status.c:713
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1144
+msgid "  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"
+msgstr "  （使用 \"git bisect reset\" 以回到原有分支）"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1321
 msgid "On branch "
 msgstr "位于分支 "
 
-#: wt-status.c:720
+#: wt-status.c:1328
+msgid "rebase in progress; onto "
+msgstr "变基操作正在进行中；至 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1333
+msgid "HEAD detached at "
+msgstr "头指针分离于 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1335
+msgid "HEAD detached from "
+msgstr "头指针分离自 "
+
+#: wt-status.c:1338
 msgid "Not currently on any branch."
 msgstr "当前不在任何分支上。"
 
-#: wt-status.c:731
+#: wt-status.c:1355
 msgid "Initial commit"
 msgstr "初始提交"
 
-#: wt-status.c:745
-msgid "Untracked"
-msgstr "未跟踪的"
+#: wt-status.c:1369
+msgid "Untracked files"
+msgstr "未跟踪的文件"
+
+#: wt-status.c:1371
+msgid "Ignored files"
+msgstr "忽略的文件"
 
-#: wt-status.c:747
-msgid "Ignored"
-msgstr "忽略的"
+#: wt-status.c:1375
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+"may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+"new files yourself (see 'git help status')."
+msgstr ""
+"耗费了 %.2f 秒以枚举未跟踪的文件。'status -uno' 也许能提高速度，\n"
+"但您需要小心不要忘了添加新文件（参见 'git help status'）。"
 
-#: wt-status.c:749
+#: wt-status.c:1381
 #, c-format
 msgid "Untracked files not listed%s"
 msgstr "未跟踪的文件没有列出%s"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:751
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，可删除前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1383
 msgid " (use -u option to show untracked files)"
-msgstr " （使用 -u 参数显示未跟踪的文件）"
+msgstr "（使用 -u 参数显示未跟踪的文件）"
 
-#: wt-status.c:757
+#: wt-status.c:1389
 msgid "No changes"
 msgstr "没有修改"
 
-#: wt-status.c:761
+#: wt-status.c:1394
 #, c-format
-msgid "no changes added to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "修改尚未加入提交%s\n"
+msgid "no changes added to commit (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"
+msgstr "修改尚未加入提交（使用 \"git add\" 和/或 \"git commit -a\"）\n"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:763
-msgid " (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")"
-msgstr " （使用 \"git add\" 和/或 \"git commit -a\"）"
+#: wt-status.c:1397
+#, c-format
+msgid "no changes added to commit\n"
+msgstr "修改尚未加入提交\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:765
+#: wt-status.c:1400
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"
-msgstr "空提交但存在未跟踪文件%s\n"
+msgid ""
+"nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use \"git add\" to "
+"track)\n"
+msgstr "提交为空，但是存在尚未跟踪的文件（使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪）\n"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:767
-msgid " (use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr " （使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪）"
+#: wt-status.c:1403
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"
+msgstr "提交为空，但是存在尚未跟踪的文件\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:769 wt-status.c:772 wt-status.c:775
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，可删除前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1406
 #, c-format
-msgid "nothing to commit%s\n"
-msgstr "无须提交%s\n"
+msgid "nothing to commit (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)\n"
+msgstr "无文件要提交（创建/拷贝文件并使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪）\n"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:770
-msgid " (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)"
-msgstr " （新建/拷贝的文件使用 \"git add\" 建立跟踪）"
+#: wt-status.c:1409 wt-status.c:1414
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit\n"
+msgstr "无文件要提交\n"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:773
-msgid " (use -u to show untracked files)"
-msgstr " （使用 -u 显示未跟踪文件）"
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，可删除前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1412
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"
+msgstr "无文件要提交（使用 -u 显示未跟踪的文件）\n"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: wt-status.c:776
-msgid " (working directory clean)"
-msgstr " （干净的工作区）"
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，可删除前导空格
+#: wt-status.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"
+msgstr "无文件要提交，干净的工作区\n"
 
-#: wt-status.c:884
+#: wt-status.c:1525
 msgid "HEAD (no branch)"
 msgstr "HEAD（非分支）"
 
-#  注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:890
+#  译者：注意保持句尾空格
+#: wt-status.c:1531
 msgid "Initial commit on "
 msgstr "初始提交于 "
 
-#  注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:905
+#: wt-status.c:1563
+msgid "gone"
+msgstr "丢失"
+
+#  译者：注意保持句尾空格
+#: wt-status.c:1565 wt-status.c:1573
 msgid "behind "
 msgstr "落后 "
 
-#  注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:908 wt-status.c:911
-msgid "ahead "
-msgstr "领先 "
+#: compat/precompose_utf8.c:55 builtin/clone.c:360
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
+msgstr "无法删除 '%s'"
 
-#  注意保持句尾空格
-#: wt-status.c:913
-msgid ", behind "
-msgstr "，落后 "
+#: builtin/add.c:22
+msgid "git add [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git add [<选项>] [--] <路径规则>..."
 
-#: builtin/add.c:62
+#: builtin/add.c:65
 #, c-format
 msgid "unexpected diff status %c"
 msgstr "意外的差异状态 %c"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:67 builtin/commit.c:298
+#: builtin/add.c:70 builtin/commit.c:277
 msgid "updating files failed"
 msgstr "更新文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:77
+#: builtin/add.c:80
 #, c-format
 msgid "remove '%s'\n"
 msgstr "删除 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:176
-#, c-format
-msgid "Path '%s' is in submodule '%.*s'"
-msgstr "路径 '%s' 属于模组 '%.*s'"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:192
+#: builtin/add.c:134
 msgid "Unstaged changes after refreshing the index:"
-msgstr "刷新暂存区后未暂存的变更："
-
-#: builtin/add.c:195 builtin/add.c:456 builtin/rm.c:186
-#, c-format
-msgid "pathspec '%s' did not match any files"
-msgstr "路径 '%s' 未匹配任何文件"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:209
-#, c-format
-msgid "'%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
-msgstr "'%s' 位于符号链接中"
+msgstr "刷新索引之后尚未被暂存的变更："
 
-#: builtin/add.c:276
+#: builtin/add.c:194 builtin/rev-parse.c:785
 msgid "Could not read the index"
-msgstr "无法读取暂存区"
+msgstr "不能读取索引"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:286
+#: builtin/add.c:205
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not open '%s' for writing."
-msgstr "无法打开 '%s' 以写入。"
+msgstr "不能打开 '%s' 以写入。"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:290
+#: builtin/add.c:209
 msgid "Could not write patch"
-msgstr "无法写补丁"
+msgstr "不能生成补丁"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:295
+#: builtin/add.c:214
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not stat '%s'"
-msgstr "无法查看文件状态 '%s'"
+msgstr "不能查看文件状态 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:297
+#: builtin/add.c:216
 msgid "Empty patch. Aborted."
 msgstr "空补丁。异常终止。"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:303
+#: builtin/add.c:221
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not apply '%s'"
-msgstr "无法应用 '%s'"
+msgstr "不能应用 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:312
+#: builtin/add.c:231
 msgid "The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
-msgstr "下列路径被您的一个 .gitignore 文件所忽略：\n"
+msgstr "下列路径根据您的一个 .gitignore 文件而被忽略：\n"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:248 builtin/clean.c:876 builtin/fetch.c:107 builtin/mv.c:110
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:55 builtin/push.c:508 builtin/remote.c:1372
+#: builtin/rm.c:269
+msgid "dry run"
+msgstr "演习"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:249 builtin/apply.c:4577 builtin/check-ignore.c:19
+#: builtin/commit.c:1322 builtin/count-objects.c:63 builtin/fsck.c:608
+#: builtin/log.c:1617 builtin/mv.c:109 builtin/read-tree.c:114
+msgid "be verbose"
+msgstr "冗长输出"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:251
+msgid "interactive picking"
+msgstr "交互式拣选"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:1126 builtin/reset.c:286
+msgid "select hunks interactively"
+msgstr "交互式挑选数据块"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:253
+msgid "edit current diff and apply"
+msgstr "编辑当前差异并应用"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:254
+msgid "allow adding otherwise ignored files"
+msgstr "允许添加忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:255
+msgid "update tracked files"
+msgstr "更新已跟踪的文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:256
+msgid "record only the fact that the path will be added later"
+msgstr "只记录，该路径稍后再添加"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:257
+msgid "add changes from all tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "添加所有改变的已跟踪文件和未跟踪文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:260
+msgid "ignore paths removed in the working tree (same as --no-all)"
+msgstr "忽略工作区中移除的路径（和 --no-all 相同）"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:262
+msgid "don't add, only refresh the index"
+msgstr "不添加，只刷新索引"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:263
+msgid "just skip files which cannot be added because of errors"
+msgstr "跳过因出错不能添加的文件"
+
+#: builtin/add.c:264
+msgid "check if - even missing - files are ignored in dry run"
+msgstr "检查在演习模式下文件（即使不存在）是否被忽略"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:352
+#: builtin/add.c:286
 #, c-format
 msgid "Use -f if you really want to add them.\n"
-msgstr "使用 -f 参数如果你确实要添加它们。\n"
-
-#: builtin/add.c:353
-msgid "no files added"
-msgstr "没有文件被添加"
+msgstr "使用 -f 参数如果您确实要添加它们。\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:359
+#: builtin/add.c:293
 msgid "adding files failed"
 msgstr "添加文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:391
+#: builtin/add.c:329
 msgid "-A and -u are mutually incompatible"
 msgstr "-A 和 -u 选项互斥"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:393
+#: builtin/add.c:336
 msgid "Option --ignore-missing can only be used together with --dry-run"
-msgstr "选项 --ignore-missing 只能和 --dry-run 共用"
+msgstr "选项 --ignore-missing 只能和 --dry-run 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:413
+#: builtin/add.c:357
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nothing specified, nothing added.\n"
-msgstr "未提供参数，没有文件被添加。\n"
+msgstr "没有指定文件，也没有文件被添加。\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:414
+#: builtin/add.c:358
 #, c-format
 msgid "Maybe you wanted to say 'git add .'?\n"
 msgstr "也许您想要执行 'git add .'？\n"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:420 builtin/clean.c:95 builtin/commit.c:358 builtin/mv.c:82
-#: builtin/rm.c:162
+#: builtin/add.c:363 builtin/check-ignore.c:172 builtin/clean.c:920
+#: builtin/commit.c:335 builtin/mv.c:130 builtin/reset.c:235 builtin/rm.c:299
 msgid "index file corrupt"
-msgstr "暂存区文件损坏"
+msgstr "索引文件损坏"
 
-#: builtin/add.c:476 builtin/mv.c:229 builtin/rm.c:260
+#: builtin/add.c:446 builtin/apply.c:4675 builtin/mv.c:279 builtin/rm.c:431
 msgid "Unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "无法写入新暂存区文件"
+msgstr "无法写入新索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:59
+msgid "git apply [<options>] [<patch>...]"
+msgstr "git apply [<选项>] [<补丁>...]"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"
+msgstr "未能识别的空白字符选项 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:127
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"
+msgstr "未能识别的空白字符忽略选项 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:822
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"
+msgstr "无法准备时间戳正则表达式 %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:831
+#, c-format
+msgid "regexec returned %d for input: %s"
+msgstr "regexec 返回 %d，输入为：%s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:912
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to find filename in patch at line %d"
+msgstr "不能在补丁的第 %d 行找到文件名"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:944
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply：错误的 git-diff - 应为 /dev/null，但在第 %2$d 行得到 %1$s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply：错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行上新文件名不一致"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:949
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply：错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行上旧文件名不一致"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:956
+#, c-format
+msgid "git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"
+msgstr "git apply：错误的 git-diff - 第 %d 行处应为 /dev/null"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1419
+#, c-format
+msgid "recount: unexpected line: %.*s"
+msgstr "recount：意外的行：%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1476
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "第 %d 行的补丁片段没有头信息：%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1493
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"component (line %d)"
+msgid_plural ""
+"git diff header lacks filename information when removing %d leading pathname "
+"components (line %d)"
+msgstr[0] "当移除 %d 个前导路径后 git diff 头缺乏文件名信息（第 %d 行）"
+msgstr[1] "当移除 %d 个前导路径后 git diff 头缺乏文件名信息（第 %d 行）"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1656
+msgid "new file depends on old contents"
+msgstr "新文件依赖旧内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1658
+msgid "deleted file still has contents"
+msgstr "删除的文件仍有内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1684
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch at line %d"
+msgstr "补丁在第 %d 行损坏"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1720
+#, c-format
+msgid "new file %s depends on old contents"
+msgstr "新文件 %s 依赖旧内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1722
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleted file %s still has contents"
+msgstr "删除的文件 %s 仍有内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1725
+#, c-format
+msgid "** warning: file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"
+msgstr "** 警告：文件 %s 成为空文件但并未删除"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1871
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"
+msgstr "二进制补丁在第 %d 行损坏：%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:1900
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized binary patch at line %d"
+msgstr "未能识别的二进制补丁位于第 %d 行"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2051
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch with only garbage at line %d"
+msgstr "补丁文件的第 %d 行只有垃圾数据"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2141
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read symlink %s"
+msgstr "无法读取符号链接 %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2145
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open or read %s"
+msgstr "不能打开或读取 %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2778
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid start of line: '%c'"
+msgstr "无效的行首字符：'%c'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line)."
+msgid_plural "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines)."
+msgstr[0] "块 #%d 成功应用于 %d（偏移 %d 行）"
+msgstr[1] "块 #%d 成功应用于 %d（偏移 %d 行）"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2909
+#, c-format
+msgid "Context reduced to (%ld/%ld) to apply fragment at %d"
+msgstr "上下文减少到（%ld/%ld）以在第 %d 行应用补丁片段"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2915
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"while searching for:\n"
+"%.*s"
+msgstr ""
+"当查询：\n"
+"%.*s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:2935
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing binary patch data for '%s'"
+msgstr "缺失 '%s' 的二进制补丁数据"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3036
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch does not apply to '%s'"
+msgstr "二进制补丁未应用到 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3042
+#, c-format
+msgid "binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"
+msgstr "到 '%s' 的二进制补丁产生了不正确的结果（应为 %s，却为 %s）"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3063
+#, c-format
+msgid "patch failed: %s:%ld"
+msgstr "打补丁失败：%s:%ld"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3187
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot checkout %s"
+msgstr "不能检出 %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3232 builtin/apply.c:3243 builtin/apply.c:3288
+#, c-format
+msgid "read of %s failed"
+msgstr "读取 %s 失败"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3240
+#, c-format
+msgid "reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "读取位于符号链接中的 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3268 builtin/apply.c:3490
+#, c-format
+msgid "path %s has been renamed/deleted"
+msgstr "路径 %s 已经被重命名/删除"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3349 builtin/apply.c:3504
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not exist in index"
+msgstr "%s：不存在于索引中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3353 builtin/apply.c:3496 builtin/apply.c:3518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s：%s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3358 builtin/apply.c:3512
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: does not match index"
+msgstr "%s：和索引不匹配"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3460
+msgid "removal patch leaves file contents"
+msgstr "移除补丁仍留下了文件内容"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3529
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: wrong type"
+msgstr "%s：错误类型"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3531
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has type %o, expected %o"
+msgstr "%s 的类型是 %o，应为 %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3690 builtin/apply.c:3692
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid path '%s'"
+msgstr "无效路径 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3747
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in index"
+msgstr "%s：已经存在于索引中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3750
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: already exists in working directory"
+msgstr "%s：已经存在于工作区中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3770
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o)"
+msgstr "%2$s 的新模式（%1$o）和旧模式（%3$o）不匹配"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3775
+#, c-format
+msgid "new mode (%o) of %s does not match old mode (%o) of %s"
+msgstr "%2$s 的新模式（%1$o）和 %4$s 的旧模式（%3$o）不匹配"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3795
+#, c-format
+msgid "affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"
+msgstr "受影响的文件 '%s' 位于符号链接中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3799
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: patch does not apply"
+msgstr "%s：补丁未应用"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3813
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking patch %s..."
+msgstr "检查补丁 %s..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:3906 builtin/checkout.c:231 builtin/reset.c:135
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
+msgstr "对路径 '%s' 的 make_cache_entry 操作失败"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4049
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to remove %s from index"
+msgstr "不能从索引中移除 %s"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4078
+#, c-format
+msgid "corrupt patch for submodule %s"
+msgstr "子模组 %s 损坏的补丁"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4082
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to stat newly created file '%s'"
+msgstr "不能枚举新建文件 '%s' 的状态"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4087
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create backing store for newly created file %s"
+msgstr "不能为新建文件 %s 创建后端存储"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4090 builtin/apply.c:4198
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to add cache entry for %s"
+msgstr "无法为 %s 添加缓存条目"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4123
+#, c-format
+msgid "closing file '%s'"
+msgstr "关闭文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4172
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to write file '%s' mode %o"
+msgstr "不能写文件 '%s' 权限 %o"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applied patch %s cleanly."
+msgstr "成功应用补丁 %s。"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4267
+msgid "internal error"
+msgstr "内部错误"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4270
+#, c-format
+msgid "Applying patch %%s with %d reject..."
+msgid_plural "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects..."
+msgstr[0] "应用 %%s 个补丁，其中 %d 个被拒绝..."
+msgstr[1] "应用 %%s 个补丁，其中 %d 个被拒绝..."
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4280
+#, c-format
+msgid "truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"
+msgstr "截短 .rej 文件名为 %.*s.rej"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Hunk #%d applied cleanly."
+msgstr "第 #%d 个片段成功应用。"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4304
+#, c-format
+msgid "Rejected hunk #%d."
+msgstr "拒绝第 #%d 个片段。"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4394
+msgid "unrecognized input"
+msgstr "未能识别的输入"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4405
+msgid "unable to read index file"
+msgstr "无法读取索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4522 builtin/apply.c:4525 builtin/clone.c:92
+#: builtin/fetch.c:92
+msgid "path"
+msgstr "路径"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4523
+msgid "don't apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "不要应用与给出路径向匹配的变更"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4526
+msgid "apply changes matching the given path"
+msgstr "应用与给出路径向匹配的变更"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4528
+msgid "num"
+msgstr "数字"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4529
+msgid "remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"
+msgstr "从传统的 diff 路径中移除指定数量的前导斜线"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4532
+msgid "ignore additions made by the patch"
+msgstr "忽略补丁中的添加的文件"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4534
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input"
+msgstr "不应用补丁，而是显示输入的差异统计（diffstat）"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4538
+msgid "show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation"
+msgstr "以十进制数显示添加和删除的行数"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4540
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input"
+msgstr "不应用补丁，而是显示输入的概要"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4542
+msgid "instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable"
+msgstr "不应用补丁，而是查看补丁是否可应用"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4544
+msgid "make sure the patch is applicable to the current index"
+msgstr "确认补丁可以应用到当前索引"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4546
+msgid "apply a patch without touching the working tree"
+msgstr "应用补丁而不修改工作区"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4548
+msgid "accept a patch that touches outside the working area"
+msgstr "接受修改工作区之外文件的补丁"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4550
+msgid "also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)"
+msgstr "还应用此补丁（与 --stat/--summary/--check 选项同时使用）"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4552
+msgid "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply"
+msgstr "如果一个补丁不能应用则尝试三路合并"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4554
+msgid "build a temporary index based on embedded index information"
+msgstr "创建一个临时索引基于嵌入的索引信息"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4556 builtin/checkout-index.c:198 builtin/ls-files.c:412
+msgid "paths are separated with NUL character"
+msgstr "路径以 NUL 字符分隔"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4559
+msgid "ensure at least <n> lines of context match"
+msgstr "确保至少匹配 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4560
+msgid "action"
+msgstr "动作"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4561
+msgid "detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"
+msgstr "检查新增和修改的行中间的空白字符滥用"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4564 builtin/apply.c:4567
+msgid "ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"
+msgstr "查找上下文时忽略空白字符的变更"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4570
+msgid "apply the patch in reverse"
+msgstr "反向应用补丁"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4572
+msgid "don't expect at least one line of context"
+msgstr "无需至少一行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4574
+msgid "leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files"
+msgstr "将拒绝的补丁片段保存在对应的 *.rej 文件中"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4576
+msgid "allow overlapping hunks"
+msgstr "允许重叠的补丁片段"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4579
+msgid "tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"
+msgstr "允许不正确的文件末尾换行符"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4582
+msgid "do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"
+msgstr "不信任补丁片段的头信息中的行号"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4584
+msgid "root"
+msgstr "根目录"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4585
+msgid "prepend <root> to all filenames"
+msgstr "为所有文件名前添加 <根目录>"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4607
+msgid "--3way outside a repository"
+msgstr "--3way 在一个版本库之外"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4615
+msgid "--index outside a repository"
+msgstr "--index 在一个版本库之外"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4618
+msgid "--cached outside a repository"
+msgstr "--cached 在一个版本库之外"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4637
+#, c-format
+msgid "can't open patch '%s'"
+msgstr "不能打开补丁 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4651
+#, c-format
+msgid "squelched %d whitespace error"
+msgid_plural "squelched %d whitespace errors"
+msgstr[0] "抑制下仍有 %d 个空白字符误用"
+msgstr[1] "抑制下仍有 %d 个空白字符误用"
+
+#: builtin/apply.c:4657 builtin/apply.c:4667
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d line adds whitespace errors."
+msgid_plural "%d lines add whitespace errors."
+msgstr[0] "%d 行有空白字符误用。"
+msgstr[1] "%d 行有空白字符误用。"
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:17
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create archive file '%s'"
-msgstr "无法创建归档文件 '%s'"
+msgstr "不能创建归档文件 '%s'"
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:20
 msgid "could not redirect output"
-msgstr "无法重定向输出"
+msgstr "不能重定向输出"
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:37
 msgid "git archive: Remote with no URL"
-msgstr "git archive: 未提供远程URL"
+msgstr "git archive：未提供远程URL"
 
 #: builtin/archive.c:58
 msgid "git archive: expected ACK/NAK, got EOF"
-msgstr "git archive: 期待ACK/NACK，却得到EOF"
+msgstr "git archive：应为ACK/NACK，却得到EOF"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:63
+#: builtin/archive.c:61
 #, c-format
 msgid "git archive: NACK %s"
-msgstr "git archive: NACK %s"
+msgstr "git archive：NACK %s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:65
+#: builtin/archive.c:63
 #, c-format
 msgid "remote error: %s"
 msgstr "远程错误：%s"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:66
+#: builtin/archive.c:64
 msgid "git archive: protocol error"
-msgstr "git archive: 协议错误"
+msgstr "git archive：协议错误"
 
-#: builtin/archive.c:71
+#: builtin/archive.c:68
 msgid "git archive: expected a flush"
-msgstr "git archive: 预期一个刷新"
+msgstr "git archive：应为刷新"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:7
+msgid "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+msgstr "git bisect--helper --next-all [--no-checkout]"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:17
+msgid "perform 'git bisect next'"
+msgstr "执行 'git bisect next'"
+
+#: builtin/bisect--helper.c:19
+msgid "update BISECT_HEAD instead of checking out the current commit"
+msgstr "更新 BISECT_HEAD 而非检出当前提交"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:30
+msgid "git blame [<options>] [<rev-opts>] [<rev>] [--] file"
+msgstr "git blame [<选项>] [<版本选项>] [<版本>] [--] 文件"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:35
+msgid "<rev-opts> are documented in git-rev-list(1)"
+msgstr "<版本选项> 的文档记录在 git-rev-list(1) 中"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2500
+msgid "Show blame entries as we find them, incrementally"
+msgstr "增量式地显示发现的 blame 条目"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2501
+msgid "Show blank SHA-1 for boundary commits (Default: off)"
+msgstr "边界提交显示空的 SHA-1（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2502
+msgid "Do not treat root commits as boundaries (Default: off)"
+msgstr "不把根提交作为边界（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2503
+msgid "Show work cost statistics"
+msgstr "显示命令消耗统计"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2504
+msgid "Show output score for blame entries"
+msgstr "显示判断 blame 条目位移的得分诊断信息"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2505
+msgid "Show original filename (Default: auto)"
+msgstr "显示原始文件名（默认：自动）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2506
+msgid "Show original linenumber (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示原始的行号（默认：关闭）"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:137
+#: builtin/blame.c:2507
+msgid "Show in a format designed for machine consumption"
+msgstr "显示为一个适合机器读取的格式"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2508
+msgid "Show porcelain format with per-line commit information"
+msgstr "为每一行显示机器适用的提交信息"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2509
+msgid "Use the same output mode as git-annotate (Default: off)"
+msgstr "使用和 git-annotate 相同的输出模式（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2510
+msgid "Show raw timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示原始时间戳（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2511
+msgid "Show long commit SHA1 (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示长的SHA1提交号（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2512
+msgid "Suppress author name and timestamp (Default: off)"
+msgstr "隐藏作者名字和时间戳（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2513
+msgid "Show author email instead of name (Default: off)"
+msgstr "显示作者的邮箱而不是名字（默认：关闭）"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2514
+msgid "Ignore whitespace differences"
+msgstr "忽略空白差异"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2515
+msgid "Spend extra cycles to find better match"
+msgstr "花费额外的循环来找到更好的匹配"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2516
+msgid "Use revisions from <file> instead of calling git-rev-list"
+msgstr "使用来自 <文件> 的修订集而不是调用 git-rev-list"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2517
+msgid "Use <file>'s contents as the final image"
+msgstr "使用 <文件> 的内容作为最终的图片"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518 builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "score"
+msgstr "得分"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2518
+msgid "Find line copies within and across files"
+msgstr "找到文件内及跨文件的行拷贝"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2519
+msgid "Find line movements within and across files"
+msgstr "找到文件内及跨文件的行移动"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "n,m"
+msgstr "n,m"
+
+#: builtin/blame.c:2520
+msgid "Process only line range n,m, counting from 1"
+msgstr "只处理行范围在 n 和 m 之间的，从 1 开始"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: This string is used to tell us the maximum
+#. display width for a relative timestamp in "git blame"
+#. output.  For C locale, "4 years, 11 months ago", which
+#. takes 22 places, is the longest among various forms of
+#. relative timestamps, but your language may need more or
+#. fewer display columns.
+#: builtin/blame.c:2601
+msgid "4 years, 11 months ago"
+msgstr "4 年 11 个月前"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:24
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+msgstr "git branch [<选项>] [-r | -a] [--merged | --no-merged]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:25
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-l] [-f] <branch-name> [<start-point>]"
+msgstr "git branch [<选项>] [-l] [-f] <分支名> [<起始点>]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:26
+msgid "git branch [<options>] [-r] (-d | -D) <branch-name>..."
+msgstr "git branch [<选项>] [-r] (-d | -D) <分支名>..."
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:27
+msgid "git branch [<options>] (-m | -M) [<old-branch>] <new-branch>"
+msgstr "git branch [<选项>] (-m | -M) [<旧分支>] <新分支>"
+
+#  译者：保持原换行格式，在输出时 %s 的替代内容会让字符串变长
+#: builtin/branch.c:152
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "deleting branch '%s' that has been merged to\n"
 "         '%s', but not yet merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
-"要删除的分支 '%s' 已经合并到\n"
+"将要删除的分支 '%s' 已经被合并到\n"
 "         '%s'，但未合并到 HEAD。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:141
+#  译者：保持原换行格式，在输出时 %s 的替代内容会让字符串变长
+#: builtin/branch.c:156
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "not deleting branch '%s' that is not yet merged to\n"
 "         '%s', even though it is merged to HEAD."
 msgstr ""
-"不要删除分支 '%s' 其尚未合并到\n"
-"         '%s'，虽然它已经合并到 HEAD。"
+"并未删除分支 '%s'， 虽然它已经合并到 HEAD，\n"
+"         然而却尚未被合并到分支 '%s' 。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:170
+#, c-format
+msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
+msgstr "无法查询 '%s' 指向的提交对象"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:174
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
+"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
+msgstr ""
+"分支 '%s' 没有完全合并。\n"
+"如果您确认要删除它，执行 'git branch -D %s'。"
 
-#  汉字之间无空格，故删除尾部空格
-#. TRANSLATORS: This is "remote " in "remote branch '%s' not found"
-#: builtin/branch.c:163
-msgid "remote "
-msgstr "远程"
+#: builtin/branch.c:187
+msgid "Update of config-file failed"
+msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:171
+#: builtin/branch.c:215
 msgid "cannot use -a with -d"
-msgstr "不能将 -a 和 -d 共用"
+msgstr "不能将 -a 和 -d 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:177
+#: builtin/branch.c:221
 msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for HEAD"
 msgstr "无法查询 HEAD 指向的提交对象"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:182
+#: builtin/branch.c:229
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot delete the branch '%s' which you are currently on."
 msgstr "无法删除您当前所在的分支 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:192
+#: builtin/branch.c:245
 #, c-format
-msgid "%sbranch '%s' not found."
-msgstr "%s分支 '%s' 未发现。"
+msgid "remote branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "远程分支 '%s' 未发现。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:200
+#: builtin/branch.c:246
 #, c-format
-msgid "Couldn't look up commit object for '%s'"
-msgstr "无法查询 '%s' 指向的提交对象"
+msgid "branch '%s' not found."
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 未发现。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:206
+#: builtin/branch.c:260
 #, c-format
-msgid ""
-"The branch '%s' is not fully merged.\n"
-"If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D %s'."
-msgstr ""
-"分支 '%s' 没有完全合并。\n"
-"如果您确认要删除它，执行 'git branch -D %s'。"
+msgid "Error deleting remote branch '%s'"
+msgstr "删除远程分支 '%s' 时出错"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:214
+#: builtin/branch.c:261
 #, c-format
-msgid "Error deleting %sbranch '%s'"
-msgstr "删除 %s分支 '%s' 时错误"
+msgid "Error deleting branch '%s'"
+msgstr "删除分支 '%s' 时出错"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:219
+#: builtin/branch.c:268
 #, c-format
-msgid "Deleted %sbranch %s (was %s).\n"
-msgstr "已删除 %s分支 %s（曾为 %s）。\n"
+msgid "Deleted remote branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "已删除远程分支 %s（曾为 %s）。\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:224
-msgid "Update of config-file failed"
-msgstr "无法更新 config 文件"
+#: builtin/branch.c:269
+#, c-format
+msgid "Deleted branch %s (was %s).\n"
+msgstr "已删除分支 %s（曾为 %s）。\n"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:322
+#: builtin/branch.c:370
 #, c-format
 msgid "branch '%s' does not point at a commit"
 msgstr "分支 '%s' 未指向一个提交"
 
-#  注意保持句尾空格
-#: builtin/branch.c:394
+#: builtin/branch.c:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: gone]"
+msgstr "[%s: 丢失]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:464
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s]"
+msgstr "[%s]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:469
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s：落后 %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "[behind %d]"
+msgstr "[落后 %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[%s：领先 %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:477
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d]"
+msgstr "[领先 %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "[%s: ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[%s：领先 %d，落后 %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:483
+#, c-format
+msgid "[ahead %d, behind %d]"
+msgstr "[领先 %d，落后 %d]"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:496
+msgid " **** invalid ref ****"
+msgstr " **** 无效引用 ****"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:587
+#, c-format
+msgid "(no branch, rebasing %s)"
+msgstr "（非分支，正变基 %s）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:590
 #, c-format
-msgid "behind %d] "
-msgstr "落后 %d] "
+msgid "(no branch, bisect started on %s)"
+msgstr "（非分支，二分查找开始于 %s）"
 
-#  注意保持句尾空格
-#: builtin/branch.c:396
+#: builtin/branch.c:596
 #, c-format
-msgid "ahead %d] "
-msgstr "领先 %d] "
+msgid "(HEAD detached at %s)"
+msgstr "（头指针分离于 %s）"
 
-#  注意保持句尾空格
-#: builtin/branch.c:398
+#: builtin/branch.c:599
 #, c-format
-msgid "ahead %d, behind %d] "
-msgstr "领先 %d，落后 %d] "
+msgid "(HEAD detached from %s)"
+msgstr "（头指针分离自 %s）"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:501
+#: builtin/branch.c:603
 msgid "(no branch)"
 msgstr "（非分支）"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:562
+#: builtin/branch.c:650
+#, c-format
+msgid "object '%s' does not point to a commit"
+msgstr "对象 '%s' 没有指向一个提交"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:698
 msgid "some refs could not be read"
-msgstr "一些引用无法读取"
+msgstr "一些引用不能读取"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:575
+#: builtin/branch.c:711
 msgid "cannot rename the current branch while not on any."
-msgstr "无法重命名不存在的当前分支。"
+msgstr "无法重命名当前分支因为不处于任何分支上。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:585
+#: builtin/branch.c:721
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid branch name: '%s'"
 msgstr "无效的分支名：'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:600
+#: builtin/branch.c:736
 msgid "Branch rename failed"
 msgstr "分支重命名失败"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:604
+#: builtin/branch.c:740
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renamed a misnamed branch '%s' away"
 msgstr "重命名掉一个错误命名的旧分支 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:608
+#: builtin/branch.c:744
 #, c-format
 msgid "Branch renamed to %s, but HEAD is not updated!"
 msgstr "分支重命名为 %s，但 HEAD 没有更新！"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:615
+#: builtin/branch.c:751
 msgid "Branch is renamed, but update of config-file failed"
 msgstr "分支被重命名，但更新 config 文件失败"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:630
+#: builtin/branch.c:766
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name %s"
 msgstr "非法的对象名 %s"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:654
+#: builtin/branch.c:790
 #, c-format
-msgid "could not write branch description template: %s\n"
-msgstr "不能写分支描述模版：%s\n"
+msgid "could not write branch description template: %s"
+msgstr "不能写分支描述模版：%s"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:820
+msgid "Generic options"
+msgstr "通用选项"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:822
+msgid "show hash and subject, give twice for upstream branch"
+msgstr "显示哈希值和主题，若参数出现两次则显示上游分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:823
+msgid "suppress informational messages"
+msgstr "不显示信息"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:824
+msgid "set up tracking mode (see git-pull(1))"
+msgstr "设置跟踪模式（参见 git-pull(1)）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:826
+msgid "change upstream info"
+msgstr "改变上游信息"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:830
+msgid "use colored output"
+msgstr "使用彩色输出"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:831
+msgid "act on remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "作用于远程跟踪分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:834 builtin/branch.c:840 builtin/branch.c:861
+#: builtin/branch.c:867 builtin/commit.c:1582 builtin/commit.c:1583
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584 builtin/commit.c:1585 builtin/tag.c:616
+#: builtin/tag.c:622
+msgid "commit"
+msgstr "提交"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:835 builtin/branch.c:841
+msgid "print only branches that contain the commit"
+msgstr "只打印包含该提交的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:847
+msgid "Specific git-branch actions:"
+msgstr "具体的 git-branch 动作："
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:848
+msgid "list both remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "列出远程跟踪及本地分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:850
+msgid "delete fully merged branch"
+msgstr "删除完全合并的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:851
+msgid "delete branch (even if not merged)"
+msgstr "删除分支（即使没有合并）"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:852
+msgid "move/rename a branch and its reflog"
+msgstr "移动/重命名一个分支，以及它的引用日志"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:853
+msgid "move/rename a branch, even if target exists"
+msgstr "移动/重命名一个分支，即使目标已存在"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:854
+msgid "list branch names"
+msgstr "列出分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:855
+msgid "create the branch's reflog"
+msgstr "创建分支的引用日志"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:742
+#: builtin/branch.c:857
+msgid "edit the description for the branch"
+msgstr "标记分支的描述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:858
+msgid "force creation, move/rename, deletion"
+msgstr "强制创建、移动/重命名、删除"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:861
+msgid "print only not merged branches"
+msgstr "只打印没有合并的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:867
+msgid "print only merged branches"
+msgstr "只打印合并的分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:871
+msgid "list branches in columns"
+msgstr "以列的方式显示分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:884
 msgid "Failed to resolve HEAD as a valid ref."
 msgstr "无法将 HEAD 解析为有效引用。"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:747 builtin/clone.c:558
+#: builtin/branch.c:888 builtin/clone.c:637
 msgid "HEAD not found below refs/heads!"
-msgstr "未在 /refs/heads 下发现 HEAD！"
+msgstr "HEAD 没有位于 /refs/heads 之下！"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:910
+msgid "--column and --verbose are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column 和 --verbose 不兼容"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:921 builtin/branch.c:960
+msgid "branch name required"
+msgstr "必须提供分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:936
+msgid "Cannot give description to detached HEAD"
+msgstr "不能向分离头指针提供描述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:941
+msgid "cannot edit description of more than one branch"
+msgstr "不能为一个以上的分支编辑描述"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid "No commit on branch '%s' yet."
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 尚无提交。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:951
+#, c-format
+msgid "No branch named '%s'."
+msgstr "没有分支 '%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:966
+msgid "too many branches for a rename operation"
+msgstr "为重命名操作提供了太多的分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:971
+msgid "too many branches to set new upstream"
+msgstr "为设置新上游提供了太多的分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:975
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"could not set upstream of HEAD to %s when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "无法设置 HEAD 的上游为 %s，因为 HEAD 没有指向任何分支。"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:978 builtin/branch.c:1000 builtin/branch.c:1021
+#, c-format
+msgid "no such branch '%s'"
+msgstr "没有此分支 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/branch.c:805
+#: builtin/branch.c:982
+#, c-format
+msgid "branch '%s' does not exist"
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 不存在"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:994
+msgid "too many branches to unset upstream"
+msgstr "为取消上游设置操作提供了太多的分支名"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:998
+msgid "could not unset upstream of HEAD when it does not point to any branch."
+msgstr "无法取消 HEAD 的上游设置因为它没有指向一个分支"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1004
+#, c-format
+msgid "Branch '%s' has no upstream information"
+msgstr "分支 '%s' 没有上游信息"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1018
+msgid "it does not make sense to create 'HEAD' manually"
+msgstr "手工创建 'HEAD' 没有意义"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1024
 msgid "-a and -r options to 'git branch' do not make sense with a branch name"
 msgstr "'git branch' 的 -a 和 -r 选项带一个分支名参数没有意义"
 
+#: builtin/branch.c:1027
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --"
+"track or --set-upstream-to\n"
+msgstr ""
+"选项 --set-upstream 已弃用并将被移除。考虑使用 --track 或 --set-upstream-to\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1044
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"If you wanted to make '%s' track '%s', do this:\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"如果你想用 '%s' 跟踪 '%s', 这么做：\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1045
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch -d %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch -d %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/branch.c:1046
+#, c-format
+msgid "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+msgstr "    git branch --set-upstream-to %s\n"
+
 #: builtin/bundle.c:47
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is okay\n"
@@ -954,111 +3202,281 @@ msgstr "%s 可以\n"
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:56
 msgid "Need a repository to create a bundle."
-msgstr "需要一个版本库来创建包"
+msgstr "需要一个版本库来创建包。"
 
 #: builtin/bundle.c:60
 msgid "Need a repository to unbundle."
-msgstr "需要一个版本库来解包"
+msgstr "需要一个版本库来解包。"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:326
+msgid "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (-t | -s | -e | -p | <类型> | --textconv) <对象>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:327
+msgid "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <list-of-objects>"
+msgstr "git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) < <对象列表>"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:364
+msgid "<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag"
+msgstr "<类型> 可以是其中之一：blob、tree、commit、tag"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:365
+msgid "show object type"
+msgstr "显示对象类型"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:366
+msgid "show object size"
+msgstr "显示对象大小"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:368
+msgid "exit with zero when there's no error"
+msgstr "当没有错误时退出并返回零"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:369
+msgid "pretty-print object's content"
+msgstr "美观地打印对象的内容"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:371
+msgid "for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"
+msgstr "对于数据（blob）对象，对其内容执行 textconv"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:373
+msgid "show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入提供的对象的信息和内容"
+
+#: builtin/cat-file.c:376
+msgid "show info about objects fed from the standard input"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入提供的对象的信息"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:11
+msgid "git check-attr [-a | --all | <attr>...] [--] <pathname>..."
+msgstr "git check-attr [-a | --all | <属性>...] [--] <路径名>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:12
+msgid "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <attr>...] < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | <属性>...] < <路径列表>"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:19
+msgid "report all attributes set on file"
+msgstr "报告设置在文件上的所有属性"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:20
+msgid "use .gitattributes only from the index"
+msgstr "只使用索引中的 .gitattributes"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:21 builtin/check-ignore.c:22 builtin/hash-object.c:98
+msgid "read file names from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读出文件名"
+
+#: builtin/check-attr.c:23 builtin/check-ignore.c:24
+msgid "terminate input and output records by a NUL character"
+msgstr "输入和输出的记录使用 NUL 字符终结"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:18 builtin/checkout.c:1107 builtin/gc.c:274
+msgid "suppress progress reporting"
+msgstr "不显示进度报告"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:113 builtin/checkout.c:146
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:26
+msgid "show non-matching input paths"
+msgstr "显示未匹配的输入路径"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:28
+msgid "ignore index when checking"
+msgstr "检查时忽略索引"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:154
+msgid "cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+msgstr "不能同时提供路径及 --stdin 参数"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:157
+msgid "-z only makes sense with --stdin"
+msgstr "-z 需要和 --stdin 参数共用才有意义"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:159
+msgid "no path specified"
+msgstr "未指定路径"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:163
+msgid "--quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+msgstr "参数 --quiet 只在提供一个路径名时有效"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:165
+msgid "cannot have both --quiet and --verbose"
+msgstr "不能同时提供 --quiet 和 --verbose 参数"
+
+#: builtin/check-ignore.c:168
+msgid "--non-matching is only valid with --verbose"
+msgstr "--non-matching 选项只在使用 --verbose 时有效"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:8
+msgid "git check-mailmap [<options>] <contact>..."
+msgstr "git check-mailmap [<选项>] <联系地址>..."
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:13
+msgid "also read contacts from stdin"
+msgstr "还从标准输入读取联系地址"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:24
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to parse contact: %s"
+msgstr "不能解析联系地址：%s"
+
+#: builtin/check-mailmap.c:47
+msgid "no contacts specified"
+msgstr "未指定联系地址"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:126
+msgid "git checkout-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git checkout-index [<选项>] [--] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:188
+msgid "check out all files in the index"
+msgstr "检出索引区的所有文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:189
+msgid "force overwrite of existing files"
+msgstr "强制覆盖现有的文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:191
+msgid "no warning for existing files and files not in index"
+msgstr "存在或不在索引中的文件都没有警告"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:193
+msgid "don't checkout new files"
+msgstr "不检出新文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:195
+msgid "update stat information in the index file"
+msgstr "更新索引中文件的状态信息"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:201
+msgid "read list of paths from the standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取路径列表"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:203
+msgid "write the content to temporary files"
+msgstr "将内容写入临时文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:204 builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "string"
+msgstr "字符串"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:205
+msgid "when creating files, prepend <string>"
+msgstr "在创建文件时，在前面加上<字符串>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout-index.c:208
+msgid "copy out the files from named stage"
+msgstr "从指定暂存区中拷出文件"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:25
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] <branch>"
+msgstr "git checkout [<选项>] <分支>"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:26
+msgid "git checkout [<options>] [<branch>] -- <file>..."
+msgstr "git checkout [<选项>] [<分支>] -- <文件>..."
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:132 builtin/checkout.c:165
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have our version"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有我们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:115 builtin/checkout.c:148
+#: builtin/checkout.c:134 builtin/checkout.c:167
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have their version"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有他们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:131
+#: builtin/checkout.c:150
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have all necessary versions"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有全部必须的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:175
+#: builtin/checkout.c:194
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' does not have necessary versions"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 没有必须的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:192
+#: builtin/checkout.c:211
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s': cannot merge"
-msgstr "path '%s': 无法合并"
+msgstr "path '%s'：无法合并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:209
+#: builtin/checkout.c:228
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unable to add merge result for '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为 '%s' 添加合并结果"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:212 builtin/reset.c:158
+#: builtin/checkout.c:249 builtin/checkout.c:252 builtin/checkout.c:255
+#: builtin/checkout.c:258
 #, c-format
-msgid "make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"
-msgstr "对路径 '%s' 的 make_cache_entry 操作失败"
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with updating paths"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能在更新路径时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:261 builtin/checkout.c:264
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with %s"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能和 %s 同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:234 builtin/checkout.c:392
+#: builtin/checkout.c:267
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time."
+msgstr "不能同时更新路径并切换到分支'%s'。"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:278 builtin/checkout.c:467
 msgid "corrupt index file"
-msgstr "冲突的暂存区文件"
+msgstr "损坏的索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:264 builtin/checkout.c:271
+#: builtin/checkout.c:338 builtin/checkout.c:345
 #, c-format
 msgid "path '%s' is unmerged"
 msgstr "路径 '%s' 未合并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:302 builtin/checkout.c:498 builtin/clone.c:583
-#: builtin/merge.c:809
-msgid "unable to write new index file"
-msgstr "无法写新的暂存区文件"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:319 builtin/diff.c:298 builtin/merge.c:406
-msgid "diff_setup_done failed"
-msgstr "diff_setup_done 失败"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:414
+#: builtin/checkout.c:489
 msgid "you need to resolve your current index first"
-msgstr "您需要先解决当前暂存区的冲突"
+msgstr "您需要先解决当前索引的冲突"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:533
+#: builtin/checkout.c:615
 #, c-format
 msgid "Can not do reflog for '%s'\n"
-msgstr "不能对 '%s' 保存引用日志\n"
+msgstr "不能对 '%s' 执行 reflog 操作\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:565
+#: builtin/checkout.c:653
 msgid "HEAD is now at"
 msgstr "HEAD 目前位于"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:572
+#: builtin/checkout.c:660
 #, c-format
 msgid "Reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "重置分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:575
+#: builtin/checkout.c:663
 #, c-format
 msgid "Already on '%s'\n"
 msgstr "已经位于 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:579
+#: builtin/checkout.c:667
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to and reset branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切换并重置分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:581
+#: builtin/checkout.c:669 builtin/checkout.c:1050
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to a new branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切换到一个新分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:583
+#: builtin/checkout.c:671
 #, c-format
 msgid "Switched to branch '%s'\n"
 msgstr "切换到分支 '%s'\n"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/checkout.c:639
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: builtin/checkout.c:723
 #, c-format
 msgid " ... and %d more.\n"
-msgstr " ... 及 %d 更多。\n"
+msgstr " ... 及其它 %d 个。\n"
 
-#. The singular version
-#: builtin/checkout.c:645
+#: builtin/checkout.c:729
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Warning: you are leaving %d commit behind, not connected to\n"
@@ -1074,287 +3492,697 @@ msgstr[0] ""
 "警告：您正丢下 %d 个提交，未和任何分支关联：\n"
 "\n"
 "%s\n"
+msgstr[1] ""
+"警告：您正丢下 %d 个提交，未和任何分支关联：\n"
+"\n"
+"%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:663
+#: builtin/checkout.c:747
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "If you want to keep them by creating a new branch, this may be a good time\n"
 "to do so with:\n"
 "\n"
-" git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
+" git branch <new-branch-name> %s\n"
 "\n"
 msgstr ""
 "如果您想要通过创建新分支保存他们，这可能是一个好时候。\n"
 "如下操作：\n"
 "\n"
-" git branch new_branch_name %s\n"
+" git branch <新分支名> %s\n"
 "\n"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:692
+#: builtin/checkout.c:777
 msgid "internal error in revision walk"
 msgstr "在版本遍历时遇到内部错误"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:696
+#: builtin/checkout.c:781
 msgid "Previous HEAD position was"
 msgstr "之前的 HEAD 位置是"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:722
+#: builtin/checkout.c:808 builtin/checkout.c:1045
 msgid "You are on a branch yet to be born"
-msgstr "您位于一个未初始化的分支"
+msgstr "您位于一个尚未初始化的分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:952
+#, c-format
+msgid "only one reference expected, %d given."
+msgstr "只要一个引用，却给出了 %d 个"
 
-#. case (1)
-#: builtin/checkout.c:853
+#: builtin/checkout.c:991
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid reference: %s"
 msgstr "无效引用：%s"
 
-#. case (1): want a tree
-#: builtin/checkout.c:892
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1020
 #, c-format
 msgid "reference is not a tree: %s"
 msgstr "引用不是一个树：%s"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:972
-msgid "-B cannot be used with -b"
-msgstr "-B 不能和 -b 共用"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+msgid "paths cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "路径不能和切换分支同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1062 builtin/checkout.c:1066
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with switching branches"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能和切换分支同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1070 builtin/checkout.c:1073 builtin/checkout.c:1078
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1081
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' cannot be used with '%s'"
+msgstr "'%s' 不能和 '%s' 同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit '%s'"
+msgstr "不能切换分支到一个非提交 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1108 builtin/checkout.c:1110 builtin/clone.c:90
+#: builtin/remote.c:159 builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "branch"
+msgstr "分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1109
+msgid "create and checkout a new branch"
+msgstr "创建并检出一个新的分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1111
+msgid "create/reset and checkout a branch"
+msgstr "创建/重置并检出一个分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1112
+msgid "create reflog for new branch"
+msgstr "为新的分支创建引用日志"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1113
+msgid "detach the HEAD at named commit"
+msgstr "成为指向该提交的分离头指针"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1114
+msgid "set upstream info for new branch"
+msgstr "为新的分支设置上游信息"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new-branch"
+msgstr "新分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1116
+msgid "new unparented branch"
+msgstr "新的没有父提交的分支"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1117
+msgid "checkout our version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "对尚未合并的文件检出我们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1119
+msgid "checkout their version for unmerged files"
+msgstr "对尚未合并的文件检出他们的版本"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:981
-msgid "--patch is incompatible with all other options"
-msgstr "--patch 选项和其他选项不兼容"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1121
+msgid "force checkout (throw away local modifications)"
+msgstr "强制检出（丢弃本地修改）"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:984
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -b/-B/--orphan"
-msgstr "--detach 不能和 -b/-B/--orphan 共用"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1122
+msgid "perform a 3-way merge with the new branch"
+msgstr "和新的分支执行三路合并"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:986
-msgid "--detach cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--detach 不能和 -t 共用"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1123 builtin/merge.c:227
+msgid "update ignored files (default)"
+msgstr "更新忽略的文件（默认）"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:992
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1124 builtin/log.c:1239 parse-options.h:245
+msgid "style"
+msgstr "风格"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1125
+msgid "conflict style (merge or diff3)"
+msgstr "冲突输出风格（merge 或 diff3）"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1128
+msgid "do not limit pathspecs to sparse entries only"
+msgstr "对路径不做稀疏检出的限制"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1130
+msgid "second guess 'git checkout <no-such-branch>'"
+msgstr "二次猜测'git checkout <无此分支>'"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1153
+msgid "-b, -B and --orphan are mutually exclusive"
+msgstr "-b、-B 和 --orphan 是互斥的"
+
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1170
 msgid "--track needs a branch name"
 msgstr "--track 需要一个分支名"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:999
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1175
 msgid "Missing branch name; try -b"
 msgstr "缺少分支名；尝试 -b"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1005
-msgid "--orphan and -b|-B are mutually exclusive"
-msgstr "--orphan 和 -b|-B 互斥"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1007
-msgid "--orphan cannot be used with -t"
-msgstr "--orphan 不能和 -t 共用"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1017
-msgid "git checkout: -f and -m are incompatible"
-msgstr "git checkout: -f 和 -m 不兼容"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1051
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1212
 msgid "invalid path specification"
-msgstr "无效的路径"
+msgstr "无效的路径规格"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1059
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1219
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
-"git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches.\n"
+"Cannot update paths and switch to branch '%s' at the same time.\n"
 "Did you intend to checkout '%s' which can not be resolved as commit?"
 msgstr ""
-"git checkout: 更新路径和切换分支不兼容。\n"
-"您是想要检出 '%s' 但未能将其解析为提交么？"
-
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1061
-msgid "git checkout: updating paths is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr "git checkout: 更新路径和切换分支不兼容。"
+"不能同时更新路径并切换到分支'%s'。\n"
+"您是想要检出 '%s' 但其未能解析为提交么？"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1066
-msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument"
-msgstr "git checkout: --detach 不跟路径参数"
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1224
+#, c-format
+msgid "git checkout: --detach does not take a path argument '%s'"
+msgstr "git checkout：--detach 不能接收路径参数 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1069
+#: builtin/checkout.c:1228
 msgid ""
 "git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force and --merge are incompatible when\n"
 "checking out of the index."
 msgstr ""
-"git checkout: --ours/--theirs, --force 和 --merge 不兼容当\n"
-"检出暂存区时。"
+"git checkout：在从索引检出时，--ours/--theirs、--force 和 --merge 不兼容。"
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1088
-msgid "Cannot switch branch to a non-commit."
-msgstr "无法切换分支到一个非提交。"
+#: builtin/clean.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <pattern>] [-x | -X] [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git clean [-d] [-f] [-i] [-n] [-q] [-e <模式>] [-x | -X] [--] <路径>..."
 
-#: builtin/checkout.c:1091
-msgid "--ours/--theirs is incompatible with switching branches."
-msgstr "--ours/--theirs 和切换分支不兼容。"
+#: builtin/clean.c:30
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing %s\n"
+msgstr "正删除 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:78
-msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
-msgstr "-x 和 -X 不能共用"
+#: builtin/clean.c:31
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would remove %s\n"
+msgstr "将删除 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:82
+#: builtin/clean.c:32
+#, c-format
+msgid "Skipping repository %s\n"
+msgstr "忽略版本库 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:33
+#, c-format
+msgid "Would skip repository %s\n"
+msgstr "将忽略版本库 %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:34
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to remove %s"
+msgstr "无法删除 %s"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:295
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to clean"
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a numbered item\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"           - (empty) select nothing"
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce 设置为 true，若未提供 -n 或 -f 选项，拒绝执行清理动作"
+"帮助：\n"
+"1          - 通过编号选择一个选项\n"
+"foo        - 通过标题选择一个选项\n"
+"           - （空）什么也不选择"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:85
+#: builtin/clean.c:299
 msgid ""
-"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -n nor -f given; refusing to "
-"clean"
+"Prompt help:\n"
+"1          - select a single item\n"
+"3-5        - select a range of items\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - select multiple ranges\n"
+"foo        - select item based on unique prefix\n"
+"-...       - unselect specified items\n"
+"*          - choose all items\n"
+"           - (empty) finish selecting"
 msgstr ""
-"clean.requireForce 默认为 true，若未提供 -n 或 -f 选项，拒绝执行清理动作"
+"帮助：\n"
+"1          - 选择一个选项\n"
+"3-5        - 选择一个范围内的所有选项\n"
+"2-3,6-9    - 选择多个范围内的所有选项\n"
+"foo        - 通过标题选择一个选项\n"
+"-...       - 反选特定的选项\n"
+"*          - 选择所有选项\n"
+"           - （空）结束选择"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:155 builtin/clean.c:176
+#: builtin/clean.c:517
 #, c-format
-msgid "Would remove %s\n"
-msgstr "将删除 %s\n"
+msgid "Huh (%s)?"
+msgstr "嗯（%s）？"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:159 builtin/clean.c:179
+#: builtin/clean.c:659
 #, c-format
-msgid "Removing %s\n"
-msgstr "正删除 %s\n"
+msgid "Input ignore patterns>> "
+msgstr "输入模版以排除条目>> "
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:162 builtin/clean.c:182
+#: builtin/clean.c:696
 #, c-format
-msgid "failed to remove %s"
-msgstr "无法删除 %s"
+msgid "WARNING: Cannot find items matched by: %s"
+msgstr "警告：无法找到和 %s 匹配的条目"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:166
+#: builtin/clean.c:717
+msgid "Select items to delete"
+msgstr "选择要删除的条目"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to keep [y/N] as is
+#: builtin/clean.c:758
 #, c-format
-msgid "Would not remove %s\n"
-msgstr "不会删除 %s\n"
+msgid "Remove %s [y/N]? "
+msgstr "删除 %s [y/N]？"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:783
+msgid "Bye."
+msgstr "再见。"
 
-#: builtin/clean.c:168
+#: builtin/clean.c:791
+msgid ""
+"clean               - start cleaning\n"
+"filter by pattern   - exclude items from deletion\n"
+"select by numbers   - select items to be deleted by numbers\n"
+"ask each            - confirm each deletion (like \"rm -i\")\n"
+"quit                - stop cleaning\n"
+"help                - this screen\n"
+"?                   - help for prompt selection"
+msgstr ""
+"clean               - 开始清理\n"
+"filter by pattern   - 通过模版排除要删除的条目\n"
+"select by numbers   - 通过数字选择要删除的条目\n"
+"ask each            - 针对删除逐一询问（就像 \"rm -i\"）\n"
+"quit                - 停止删除并退出\n"
+"help                - 显示本帮助\n"
+"?                   - 显示如何在提示符下选择的帮助"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:818
+msgid "*** Commands ***"
+msgstr "*** 命令 ***"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:819
+msgid "What now"
+msgstr "请选择"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:827
+msgid "Would remove the following item:"
+msgid_plural "Would remove the following items:"
+msgstr[0] "将删除如下条目："
+msgstr[1] "将删除如下条目："
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:844
+msgid "No more files to clean, exiting."
+msgstr "没有要清理的文件，退出。"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:875
+msgid "do not print names of files removed"
+msgstr "不打印删除文件的名称"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:877
+msgid "force"
+msgstr "强制"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:878
+msgid "interactive cleaning"
+msgstr "交互式清除"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:880
+msgid "remove whole directories"
+msgstr "删除整个目录"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:881 builtin/describe.c:407 builtin/grep.c:714
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:443 builtin/name-rev.c:311 builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "pattern"
+msgstr "模式"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:882
+msgid "add <pattern> to ignore rules"
+msgstr "添加<模式>到忽略规则"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:883
+msgid "remove ignored files, too"
+msgstr "也删除忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:885
+msgid "remove only ignored files"
+msgstr "只删除忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:903
+msgid "-x and -X cannot be used together"
+msgstr "-x 和 -X 不能同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:907
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce set to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; refusing to "
+"clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce 设置为 true 且未提供 -i、-n 或 -f 选项，拒绝执行清理动作"
+
+#: builtin/clean.c:910
+msgid ""
+"clean.requireForce defaults to true and neither -i, -n, nor -f given; "
+"refusing to clean"
+msgstr ""
+"clean.requireForce 默认为 true 且未提供 -i、-n 或 -f 选项，拒绝执行清理动作"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:37
+msgid "git clone [<options>] [--] <repo> [<dir>]"
+msgstr "git clone [<选项>] [--] <版本库> [<路径>]"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:66 builtin/fetch.c:111 builtin/merge.c:224
+#: builtin/push.c:523
+msgid "force progress reporting"
+msgstr "强制显示进度报告"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:68
+msgid "don't create a checkout"
+msgstr "不创建一个检出"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:69 builtin/clone.c:71 builtin/init-db.c:496
+msgid "create a bare repository"
+msgstr "创建一个纯版本库"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:73
+msgid "create a mirror repository (implies bare)"
+msgstr "创建一个镜像版本库（也是纯版本库）"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:75
+msgid "to clone from a local repository"
+msgstr "从本地版本库克隆"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:77
+msgid "don't use local hardlinks, always copy"
+msgstr "不使用本地硬链接，始终复制"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:79
+msgid "setup as shared repository"
+msgstr "设置为共享版本库"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:81 builtin/clone.c:83
+msgid "initialize submodules in the clone"
+msgstr "在克隆时初始化子模组"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:84 builtin/init-db.c:493
+msgid "template-directory"
+msgstr "模板目录"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:85 builtin/init-db.c:494
+msgid "directory from which templates will be used"
+msgstr "模板目录将被使用"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:87
+msgid "reference repository"
+msgstr "参考版本库"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:88 builtin/column.c:26 builtin/merge-file.c:44
+msgid "name"
+msgstr "名称"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:89
+msgid "use <name> instead of 'origin' to track upstream"
+msgstr "使用<名称>而不是 'origin' 去跟踪上游"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:91
+msgid "checkout <branch> instead of the remote's HEAD"
+msgstr "检出<分支>而不是远程HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:93
+msgid "path to git-upload-pack on the remote"
+msgstr "远程 git-upload-pack 路径"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:94 builtin/fetch.c:112 builtin/grep.c:659
+msgid "depth"
+msgstr "深度"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:95
+msgid "create a shallow clone of that depth"
+msgstr "创建一个指定深度的浅克隆"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:97
+msgid "clone only one branch, HEAD or --branch"
+msgstr "只克隆一个分支、HEAD 或 --branch"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:99
+msgid "use --reference only while cloning"
+msgstr "仅在克隆时参考 --reference 指向的本地版本库"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:100 builtin/init-db.c:502
+msgid "gitdir"
+msgstr "git目录"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:101 builtin/init-db.c:503
+msgid "separate git dir from working tree"
+msgstr "git目录和工作区分离"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:102
+msgid "key=value"
+msgstr "key=value"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:103
+msgid "set config inside the new repository"
+msgstr "在新版本库中设置配置信息"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:256
 #, c-format
-msgid "Not removing %s\n"
-msgstr "未删除 %s\n"
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local repository."
+msgstr "参考版本库 '%s' 不是一个本地版本库。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:243
+#: builtin/clone.c:260
 #, c-format
-msgid "reference repository '%s' is not a local directory."
-msgstr "引用版本库 '%s' 不是一个本地目录。"
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is shallow"
+msgstr "参考版本库 '%s' 是一个浅克隆"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:302
+#: builtin/clone.c:263
 #, c-format
-msgid "failed to open '%s'"
-msgstr "打开 '%s' 失败"
+msgid "reference repository '%s' is grafted"
+msgstr "参考版本库 '%s' 已被嫁接"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:306
+#: builtin/clone.c:325
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create directory '%s'"
-msgstr "创建目录 '%s' 失败"
+msgstr "无法创建目录 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:308 builtin/diff.c:75
+#: builtin/clone.c:327 builtin/diff.c:84
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat '%s'"
-msgstr "枚举 '%s' 状态失败"
+msgstr "无法枚举 '%s' 状态"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:310
+#: builtin/clone.c:329
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s exists and is not a directory"
 msgstr "%s 存在且不是一个目录"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:324
+#: builtin/clone.c:343
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to stat %s\n"
-msgstr "枚举 %s 状态失败\n"
+msgstr "无法枚举 %s 状态\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:341
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to unlink '%s'"
-msgstr "删除 '%s' 失败"
-
-#: builtin/clone.c:346
+#: builtin/clone.c:365
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to create link '%s'"
-msgstr "创建链接 '%s' 失败"
+msgstr "无法创建链接 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:350
+#: builtin/clone.c:369
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to copy file to '%s'"
-msgstr "拷贝文件至 '%s' 失败"
+msgstr "无法拷贝文件至 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:373
+#: builtin/clone.c:392 builtin/clone.c:566
 #, c-format
 msgid "done.\n"
 msgstr "完成。\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:440
+#: builtin/clone.c:404
+msgid ""
+"Clone succeeded, but checkout failed.\n"
+"You can inspect what was checked out with 'git status'\n"
+"and retry the checkout with 'git checkout -f HEAD'\n"
+msgstr ""
+"克隆成功，但是检出失败。\n"
+"您可以通过 'git status' 检查哪些已被检出，然后使用命令\n"
+"'git checkout -f HEAD' 重试\n"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:481
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find remote branch %s to clone."
-msgstr "无法发现要克隆的远程分支 %s。"
+msgstr "不能发现要克隆的远程分支 %s。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:561
+#, c-format
+msgid "Checking connectivity... "
+msgstr "检查连接... "
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:564
+msgid "remote did not send all necessary objects"
+msgstr "远程没有发送所有必须的对象"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:549
+#: builtin/clone.c:628
 msgid "remote HEAD refers to nonexistent ref, unable to checkout.\n"
 msgstr "远程 HEAD 指向一个不存在的引用，无法检出。\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:639
+#: builtin/clone.c:659
+msgid "unable to checkout working tree"
+msgstr "不能检出工作区"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:746
+msgid "cannot repack to clean up"
+msgstr "无法执行 repack 来清理"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:748
+msgid "cannot unlink temporary alternates file"
+msgstr "无法删除临时的 alternates 文件"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:778
 msgid "Too many arguments."
 msgstr "太多参数。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:643
+#: builtin/clone.c:782
 msgid "You must specify a repository to clone."
-msgstr "你必须指定一个版本库来克隆"
+msgstr "您必须指定一个版本库来克隆。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:654
+#: builtin/clone.c:793
 #, c-format
 msgid "--bare and --origin %s options are incompatible."
 msgstr "--bare 和 --origin %s 选项不兼容。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:668
+#: builtin/clone.c:796
+msgid "--bare and --separate-git-dir are incompatible."
+msgstr "--bare 和 --separate-git-dir 选项不兼容。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:809
 #, c-format
 msgid "repository '%s' does not exist"
 msgstr "版本库 '%s' 不存在"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:673
-msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
-msgstr "--depth 在本地克隆被忽略，改为 file:// 协议试试。"
+#: builtin/clone.c:815 builtin/fetch.c:1156
+#, c-format
+msgid "depth %s is not a positive number"
+msgstr "深度 %s 不是一个正数"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:683
+#: builtin/clone.c:825
 #, c-format
 msgid "destination path '%s' already exists and is not an empty directory."
-msgstr "目标路径 '%s' 已经存在且不是一个空目录。"
+msgstr "目标路径 '%s' 已经存在，并且不是一个空目录。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:693
+#: builtin/clone.c:835
 #, c-format
 msgid "working tree '%s' already exists."
 msgstr "工作区 '%s' 已经存在。"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:706 builtin/clone.c:720
+#: builtin/clone.c:850 builtin/clone.c:861
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create leading directories of '%s'"
-msgstr "无法为 '%s' 创建目录"
+msgstr "不能为 '%s' 创建先导目录"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:709
+#: builtin/clone.c:853
 #, c-format
-msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'."
-msgstr "无法为 '%s' 创建工作区目录。"
+msgid "could not create work tree dir '%s'"
+msgstr "不能创建工作区目录 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:728
+#: builtin/clone.c:871
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into bare repository '%s'...\n"
-msgstr "克隆到裸版本库 '%s'...\n"
+msgstr "克隆到纯版本库 '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:730
+#: builtin/clone.c:873
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cloning into '%s'...\n"
 msgstr "正克隆到 '%s'...\n"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:786
+#: builtin/clone.c:898
+msgid "--dissociate given, but there is no --reference"
+msgstr "提供了参数 --dissociate，但未提供 --reference"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:913
+msgid "--depth is ignored in local clones; use file:// instead."
+msgstr "--depth 在本地克隆被忽略，改为 file:// 协议试试。"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:916
+msgid "source repository is shallow, ignoring --local"
+msgstr "源版本库是浅克隆，忽略 --local"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:921
+msgid "--local is ignored"
+msgstr "--local 被忽略"
+
+#: builtin/clone.c:925
 #, c-format
 msgid "Don't know how to clone %s"
 msgstr "不知道如何克隆 %s"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:835
+#: builtin/clone.c:976 builtin/clone.c:984
 #, c-format
 msgid "Remote branch %s not found in upstream %s"
 msgstr "远程分支 %s 在上游 %s 未发现"
 
-#: builtin/clone.c:842
+#: builtin/clone.c:987
 msgid "You appear to have cloned an empty repository."
 msgstr "您似乎克隆了一个空版本库。"
 
+#: builtin/column.c:9
+msgid "git column [<options>]"
+msgstr "git column [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:26
+msgid "lookup config vars"
+msgstr "查找配置变量"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:27 builtin/column.c:28
+msgid "layout to use"
+msgstr "要使用的布局"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:29
+msgid "Maximum width"
+msgstr "最大宽度"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:30
+msgid "Padding space on left border"
+msgstr "左边框的填充空间"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:31
+msgid "Padding space on right border"
+msgstr "右边框的填充空间"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:32
+msgid "Padding space between columns"
+msgstr "两列之间的填充空间"
+
+#: builtin/column.c:51
+msgid "--command must be the first argument"
+msgstr "--command 必须是第一个参数"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:37
+msgid "git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git commit [<选项>] [--] <路径规则>..."
+
 #: builtin/commit.c:42
+msgid "git status [<options>] [--] <pathspec>..."
+msgstr "git status [<选项>] [--] <路径规则>..."
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:47
+msgid ""
+"Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
+"on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
+"You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly. Run the\n"
+"following command and follow the instructions in your editor to edit\n"
+"your configuration file:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"After doing this, you may fix the identity used for this commit with:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+msgstr ""
+"您的姓名和邮件地址基于登录名和主机名进行了自动设置。请检查它们正确\n"
+"与否。您可以对其进行设置以免再出现本提示信息。运行如下命令在编辑器\n"
+"中编辑您的配置文件：\n"
+"\n"
+"    git config --global --edit\n"
+"\n"
+"设置完毕后，您可以用下面的命令来修正本次提交所使用的用户身份：\n"
+"\n"
+"    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:60
 msgid ""
 "Your name and email address were configured automatically based\n"
 "on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.\n"
@@ -1367,373 +4195,772 @@ msgid ""
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 msgstr ""
-"您的姓名和邮件地址会基于您的用户名和主机地址自动配置。请检查它们\n"
-"正确与否。您可通过下面命令对其显式声明以避免重复出现类似提示：\n"
+"您的姓名和邮件地址基于登录名和主机名进行了自动设置。请检查它们正确\n"
+"与否。您可以对其进行设置以免再出现本提示信息：\n"
 "\n"
 "    git config --global user.name \"Your Name\"\n"
 "    git config --global user.email you@example.com\n"
 "\n"
-"设置完毕后，您可用下面命令来更改此次提交所使用的用户ID：\n"
+"设置完毕后，您可以用下面的命令来修正本次提交所使用的用户身份：\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --amend --reset-author\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:54
+#: builtin/commit.c:72
 msgid ""
 "You asked to amend the most recent commit, but doing so would make\n"
 "it empty. You can repeat your command with --allow-empty, or you can\n"
 "remove the commit entirely with \"git reset HEAD^\".\n"
 msgstr ""
-"您要求修补最近的提交，但这么做会造成空提交。您可重复您的命令并带上\n"
-"--allow-empty 选项，或者您可以整个删除该提交用 \"git reset HEAD^\"。\n"
+"您要修补最近的提交，但这么做会让它成为空提交。您可以重复您的命令并带上\n"
+"--allow-empty 选项，或者您可用命令 \"git reset HEAD^\" 整个删除该提交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:59
+#: builtin/commit.c:77
 msgid ""
 "The previous cherry-pick is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution.\n"
 "If you wish to commit it anyway, use:\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
 msgstr ""
-"之前的拣选操作现在为空，可能是由冲突解决导致的。如果您想继续提交，用：\n"
+"之前的拣选操作现在是一个空提交，可能是由冲突解决导致的。如果您无论如何\n"
+"也要提交，使用命令：\n"
 "\n"
 "    git commit --allow-empty\n"
 "\n"
-"否则，请用 'git reset'\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:205 builtin/reset.c:33
-msgid "merge"
-msgstr "合并"
+#: builtin/commit.c:84
+msgid "Otherwise, please use 'git reset'\n"
+msgstr "否则，请使用命令 'git reset'\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:208
-msgid "cherry-pick"
-msgstr "拣选"
+#: builtin/commit.c:87
+msgid ""
+"If you wish to skip this commit, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"Then \"git cherry-pick --continue\" will resume cherry-picking\n"
+"the remaining commits.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"如果您想跳过这个提交，使用命令：\n"
+"\n"
+"    git reset\n"
+"\n"
+"然后执行 \"git cherry-pick --continue\" 继续对其余提交执行拣选\n"
+"操作。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:325
+#: builtin/commit.c:304
 msgid "failed to unpack HEAD tree object"
-msgstr "解包 HEAD 树对象失败"
+msgstr "无法解包 HEAD 树对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:367
+#: builtin/commit.c:344
 msgid "unable to create temporary index"
-msgstr "不能创建临时暂存区"
+msgstr "不能创建临时索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:373
+#: builtin/commit.c:350
 msgid "interactive add failed"
 msgstr "交互式添加失败"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:406 builtin/commit.c:427 builtin/commit.c:473
+#: builtin/commit.c:361
+msgid "unable to write index file"
+msgstr "无法写入索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:363
+msgid "unable to update temporary index"
+msgstr "无法更新临时索引"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:365
+msgid "Failed to update main cache tree"
+msgstr "不能更新树的主缓存"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:389 builtin/commit.c:414 builtin/commit.c:463
 msgid "unable to write new_index file"
-msgstr "无法写入新暂存区文件"
+msgstr "无法写 new_index 文件"
 
-#  %s若翻为中文，前后不需要空格
-#: builtin/commit.c:457
-#, c-format
-msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a %s."
-msgstr "在%s过程中不能做部分提交。"
+#: builtin/commit.c:445
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a merge."
+msgstr "在合并过程中不能做部分提交。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:447
+msgid "cannot do a partial commit during a cherry-pick."
+msgstr "在拣选过程中不能做部分提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:466
+#: builtin/commit.c:456
 msgid "cannot read the index"
-msgstr "无法读取暂存区"
+msgstr "无法读取索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:486
+#: builtin/commit.c:475
 msgid "unable to write temporary index file"
-msgstr "无法写临时暂存区文件"
+msgstr "无法写临时索引文件"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:550 builtin/commit.c:556
+#: builtin/commit.c:580
 #, c-format
-msgid "invalid commit: %s"
-msgstr "无效的提交：%s"
+msgid "commit '%s' lacks author header"
+msgstr "提交 '%s' 缺少作者信息"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:579
+#: builtin/commit.c:582
+#, c-format
+msgid "commit '%s' has malformed author line"
+msgstr "提交 '%s' 有非法的作者信息"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:601
 msgid "malformed --author parameter"
 msgstr "非法的 --author 参数"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:635
+#: builtin/commit.c:609
 #, c-format
-msgid "Malformed ident string: '%s'"
-msgstr "非法的识别字串：'%s'"
+msgid "invalid date format: %s"
+msgstr "无效的日期格式：%s"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:653
+msgid ""
+"unable to select a comment character that is not used\n"
+"in the current commit message"
+msgstr "无法选择一个未被当前提交说明使用的注释字符"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:670 builtin/commit.c:703 builtin/commit.c:1000
+#: builtin/commit.c:690 builtin/commit.c:723 builtin/commit.c:1080
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not lookup commit %s"
 msgstr "不能查询提交 %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:682 builtin/shortlog.c:296
+#: builtin/commit.c:702 builtin/shortlog.c:273
 #, c-format
 msgid "(reading log message from standard input)\n"
-msgstr "（正从标准输入中读取说明信息）\n"
+msgstr "（正从标准输入中读取日志信息）\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:684
+#: builtin/commit.c:704
 msgid "could not read log from standard input"
-msgstr "无法从标准输入中读取说明信息"
+msgstr "不能从标准输入中读取日志信息"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:688
+#: builtin/commit.c:708
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read log file '%s'"
-msgstr "无法读取说明文件 '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:694
-msgid "commit has empty message"
-msgstr "提交说明为空"
+msgstr "不能读取日志文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:710
+#: builtin/commit.c:730
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MSG"
-msgstr "无法读取 MERGE_MSG"
+msgstr "不能读取 MERGE_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:714
+#: builtin/commit.c:734
 msgid "could not read SQUASH_MSG"
-msgstr "无法读取 SQUASH_MSG"
+msgstr "不能读取 SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:718
+#: builtin/commit.c:738
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read '%s'"
-msgstr "无法读取 '%s'"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:746
-#, c-format
-msgid "could not open '%s'"
-msgstr "无法打开 '%s'"
+msgstr "不能读取 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:770
+#: builtin/commit.c:785
 msgid "could not write commit template"
-msgstr "无法写提交模版"
+msgstr "不能写提交模版"
 
-#  %s若翻为中文，前后不需要空格
-#: builtin/commit.c:783
+#: builtin/commit.c:803
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"It looks like you may be committing a %s.\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a merge.\n"
 "If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
 "\t%s\n"
 "and try again.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"看起来您正在提交一个%s。\n"
-"如果不是这样，请删除文件\n"
+"似乎您正在做一个合并提交。如果不对，请删除文件\n"
 "\t%s\n"
 "然后重试。\n"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/commit.c:796
-msgid "Please enter the commit message for your changes."
-msgstr "请为您的修改输入提交说明。"
+#: builtin/commit.c:808
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"It looks like you may be committing a cherry-pick.\n"
+"If this is not correct, please remove the file\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"and try again.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"似乎您正在做一个拣选提交。如果不对，请删除文件\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"然后重试。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:799
+#: builtin/commit.c:821
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
-" Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-" 以 '#' 开头\n"
-"的行将被忽略，而且空提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
+"请为您的变更输入提交说明。以 '%c' 开始的行将被忽略，而一个空的提交\n"
+"说明将会终止提交。\n"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/commit.c:804
+#: builtin/commit.c:828
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
-" Lines starting\n"
-"with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
+"Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting\n"
+"with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you want to.\n"
 "An empty message aborts the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
-" 以 '#' 开头\n"
-"的行将被保留，您可以删除它们如果您想这样做。空提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
+"请为您的变更输入提交说明。以 '%c' 开始的行将被保留，如果您原意\n"
+"也可以删除它们。一个空的提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
 
-#  为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
-#: builtin/commit.c:816
+#  译者：为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
+#: builtin/commit.c:848
 #, c-format
-msgid "%sAuthor:    %s"
-msgstr "%s作者：     %s"
+msgid "%sAuthor:    %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%s作者：  %.*s <%.*s>"
 
-#  为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
-#: builtin/commit.c:823
+#  译者：为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
+#: builtin/commit.c:856
 #, c-format
-msgid "%sCommitter: %s"
-msgstr "%s提交者：   %s"
+msgid "%sDate:      %s"
+msgstr "%s日期：  %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:843
+#  译者：为保证在输出中对齐，注意调整句中空格！
+#: builtin/commit.c:863
+#, c-format
+msgid "%sCommitter: %.*s <%.*s>"
+msgstr "%s提交者：%.*s <%.*s>"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:881
 msgid "Cannot read index"
-msgstr "无法读取暂存区"
+msgstr "无法读取索引"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:880
+#: builtin/commit.c:938
 msgid "Error building trees"
 msgstr "无法创建树对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:895 builtin/tag.c:357
+#: builtin/commit.c:953 builtin/tag.c:495
 #, c-format
 msgid "Please supply the message using either -m or -F option.\n"
-msgstr "请使用 -m 或者 -F 选项提供说明。\n"
+msgstr "请使用 -m 或 -F 选项提供提交说明。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:975
+#: builtin/commit.c:1055
 #, c-format
-msgid "No existing author found with '%s'"
-msgstr "没有找到匹配 '%s' 的作者"
+msgid "--author '%s' is not 'Name <email>' and matches no existing author"
+msgstr "--author '%s' 不是 'Name <email>' 格式，且未能在现有作者中找到匹配"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:990 builtin/commit.c:1182
+#: builtin/commit.c:1070 builtin/commit.c:1310
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid untracked files mode '%s'"
-msgstr "无效的非追踪文件参数 '%s'"
+msgstr "无效的未追踪文件参数 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1107
+msgid "--long and -z are incompatible"
+msgstr "--long 和 -z 选项不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1030
+#: builtin/commit.c:1137
 msgid "Using both --reset-author and --author does not make sense"
 msgstr "同时使用 --reset-author 和 --author 没有意义"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1041
+#: builtin/commit.c:1146
 msgid "You have nothing to amend."
-msgstr "您没有要修补。"
+msgstr "您没有可修补的提交。"
 
-#  %s若翻为中文，前后不需要空格
-#: builtin/commit.c:1043
-#, c-format
-msgid "You are in the middle of a %s -- cannot amend."
-msgstr "您正处于一个%s过程中 -- 无法修补提交。"
+#: builtin/commit.c:1149
+msgid "You are in the middle of a merge -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "您正处于一个合并过程中 -- 无法修补提交。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1151
+msgid "You are in the middle of a cherry-pick -- cannot amend."
+msgstr "您正处于一个拣选过程中 -- 无法修补提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1045
+#: builtin/commit.c:1154
 msgid "Options --squash and --fixup cannot be used together"
-msgstr "选项 --squash 和 --fixup 不能共用"
+msgstr "选项 --squash 和 --fixup 不能同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1055
+#: builtin/commit.c:1164
 msgid "Only one of -c/-C/-F/--fixup can be used."
 msgstr "只能用一个 -c/-C/-F/--fixup 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1057
+#: builtin/commit.c:1166
 msgid "Option -m cannot be combined with -c/-C/-F/--fixup."
-msgstr "选项 -m 不能和 -c/-C/-F/--fixup 共用。"
+msgstr "选项 -m 不能和 -c/-C/-F/--fixup 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1063
+#: builtin/commit.c:1174
 msgid "--reset-author can be used only with -C, -c or --amend."
-msgstr "--reset-author 只能和 -C, -c 或 --amend 共用。"
+msgstr "--reset-author 只能和 -C、-c 或 --amend 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1080
+#: builtin/commit.c:1191
 msgid "Only one of --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch can be used."
 msgstr "只能用一个 --include/--only/--all/--interactive/--patch 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1082
+#: builtin/commit.c:1193
 msgid "No paths with --include/--only does not make sense."
 msgstr "参数 --include/--only 不跟路径没有意义。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1084
+#: builtin/commit.c:1195
 msgid "Clever... amending the last one with dirty index."
-msgstr "聪明... 在暂存区不干净下修补最后的提交。"
+msgstr "聪明... 在索引不干净下修补最后的提交。"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1086
-msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i nor -o; assuming --only paths..."
-msgstr "没有用 -i 或 -o 选项而显式地提供路径，认为是 --only paths..."
+#: builtin/commit.c:1197
+msgid "Explicit paths specified without -i or -o; assuming --only paths..."
+msgstr "指定了明确的路径而没有使用 -i 或 -o 选项，认为是 --only paths..."
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1096 builtin/tag.c:556
+#: builtin/commit.c:1209 builtin/tag.c:728
 #, c-format
 msgid "Invalid cleanup mode %s"
 msgstr "无效的清理模式 %s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1101
+#: builtin/commit.c:1214
 msgid "Paths with -a does not make sense."
-msgstr "路径和 -a 选项共用没有意义。"
+msgstr "路径和 -a 选项同时使用没有意义。"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1324 builtin/commit.c:1604
+msgid "show status concisely"
+msgstr "以简洁的格式显示状态"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1326 builtin/commit.c:1606
+msgid "show branch information"
+msgstr "显示分支信息"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1328 builtin/commit.c:1608 builtin/push.c:509
+msgid "machine-readable output"
+msgstr "机器可读的输出"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1331 builtin/commit.c:1610
+msgid "show status in long format (default)"
+msgstr "以长格式显示状态（默认）"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1280
+#: builtin/commit.c:1334 builtin/commit.c:1613
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL"
+msgstr "条目以NUL字符结尾"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1336 builtin/commit.c:1616 builtin/fast-export.c:980
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:983 builtin/tag.c:603
+msgid "mode"
+msgstr "模式"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1337 builtin/commit.c:1616
+msgid "show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)"
+msgstr "显示未跟踪的文件，“模式”的可选参数：all、normal、no。（默认：all）"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1340
+msgid "show ignored files"
+msgstr "显示忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1341 parse-options.h:153
+msgid "when"
+msgstr "何时"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1342
+msgid ""
+"ignore changes to submodules, optional when: all, dirty, untracked. "
+"(Default: all)"
+msgstr ""
+"忽略子模组的更改，“何时”的可选参数：all、dirty、untracked。（默认：all）"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1344
+msgid "list untracked files in columns"
+msgstr "以列的方式显示未跟踪的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1431
 msgid "couldn't look up newly created commit"
 msgstr "无法找到新创建的提交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1282
+#: builtin/commit.c:1433
 msgid "could not parse newly created commit"
-msgstr "无法解析新创建的提交"
+msgstr "不能解析新创建的提交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1323
+#: builtin/commit.c:1478
 msgid "detached HEAD"
 msgstr "分离头指针"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/commit.c:1325
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，可删除前导空格
+#: builtin/commit.c:1481
 msgid " (root-commit)"
-msgstr " （根提交）"
+msgstr "（根提交）"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1574
+msgid "suppress summary after successful commit"
+msgstr "提交成功后不显示概述信息"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1575
+msgid "show diff in commit message template"
+msgstr "在提交说明模板里显示差异"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1577
+msgid "Commit message options"
+msgstr "提交说明选项"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1578 builtin/tag.c:601
+msgid "read message from file"
+msgstr "从文件中读取提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "author"
+msgstr "作者"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1579
+msgid "override author for commit"
+msgstr "提交时覆盖作者"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580 builtin/gc.c:275
+msgid "date"
+msgstr "日期"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1580
+msgid "override date for commit"
+msgstr "提交时覆盖日期"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581 builtin/merge.c:218 builtin/notes.c:391
+#: builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/tag.c:599
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1581
+msgid "commit message"
+msgstr "提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1582
+msgid "reuse and edit message from specified commit"
+msgstr "重用并编辑指定提交的提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1583
+msgid "reuse message from specified commit"
+msgstr "重用指定提交的提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1584
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to fixup specified commit"
+msgstr "使用 autosquash 格式的提交说明用以修正指定的提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1585
+msgid "use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit"
+msgstr "使用 autosquash 格式的提交说明用以压缩至指定的提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1586
+msgid "the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)"
+msgstr "现在将该提交的作者改为我（和 -C/-c/--amend 参数共用）"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1587 builtin/log.c:1191 builtin/revert.c:86
+msgid "add Signed-off-by:"
+msgstr "添加 Signed-off-by: 签名"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1588
+msgid "use specified template file"
+msgstr "使用指定的模板文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1589
+msgid "force edit of commit"
+msgstr "强制编辑提交"
+
+#  译者：可选值，不能翻译（或是原文中笔误，应为 mode）
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590
+msgid "default"
+msgstr "default"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1590 builtin/tag.c:604
+msgid "how to strip spaces and #comments from message"
+msgstr "设置如何删除提交说明里的空格和#注释"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1415
+#: builtin/commit.c:1591
+msgid "include status in commit message template"
+msgstr "在提交说明模板里包含状态信息"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1592 builtin/merge.c:225 builtin/revert.c:92
+#: builtin/tag.c:605
+msgid "key-id"
+msgstr "key-id"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1593 builtin/merge.c:226 builtin/revert.c:93
+msgid "GPG sign commit"
+msgstr "GPG 提交签名"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1596
+msgid "Commit contents options"
+msgstr "提交内容选项"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1597
+msgid "commit all changed files"
+msgstr "提交所有改动的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1598
+msgid "add specified files to index for commit"
+msgstr "添加指定的文件到索引区等待提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1599
+msgid "interactively add files"
+msgstr "交互式添加文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1600
+msgid "interactively add changes"
+msgstr "交互式添加变更"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1601
+msgid "commit only specified files"
+msgstr "只提交指定的文件"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1602
+msgid "bypass pre-commit hook"
+msgstr "绕过 pre-commit 钩子"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1603
+msgid "show what would be committed"
+msgstr "显示将要提交的内容"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1614
+msgid "amend previous commit"
+msgstr "修改先前的提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1615
+msgid "bypass post-rewrite hook"
+msgstr "绕过 post-rewrite 钩子"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1620
+msgid "ok to record an empty change"
+msgstr "允许一个空提交"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1622
+msgid "ok to record a change with an empty message"
+msgstr "允许空的提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1651
 msgid "could not parse HEAD commit"
-msgstr "无法解析 HEAD 提交"
+msgstr "不能解析 HEAD 提交"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1452 builtin/merge.c:507
+#: builtin/commit.c:1690 builtin/merge.c:519
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open '%s' for reading"
-msgstr "无法打开 '%s' 读取"
+msgstr "不能为读入打开 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1459
+#: builtin/commit.c:1697
 #, c-format
 msgid "Corrupt MERGE_HEAD file (%s)"
-msgstr "损坏的 MERGE_HEAD 文件 (%s)"
+msgstr "损坏的 MERGE_HEAD 文件（%s）"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1466
+#: builtin/commit.c:1704
 msgid "could not read MERGE_MODE"
-msgstr "无法读取 MERGE_MODE"
+msgstr "不能读取 MERGE_MODE"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1485
+#: builtin/commit.c:1723
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not read commit message: %s"
-msgstr "无法读取提交说明：%s"
+msgstr "不能读取提交说明：%s"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1499
+#: builtin/commit.c:1734
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting commit; you did not edit the message.\n"
+msgstr "终止提交；您未更改来自模版的提交说明。\n"
+
+#: builtin/commit.c:1739
 #, c-format
 msgid "Aborting commit due to empty commit message.\n"
 msgstr "终止提交因为提交说明为空。\n"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1514 builtin/merge.c:933 builtin/merge.c:966
+#: builtin/commit.c:1754 builtin/merge.c:851 builtin/merge.c:876
 msgid "failed to write commit object"
-msgstr "写提交对象失败"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1535
-msgid "cannot lock HEAD ref"
-msgstr "无法锁定 HEAD 引用"
+msgstr "无法写提交对象"
 
-#: builtin/commit.c:1539
-msgid "cannot update HEAD ref"
-msgstr "无法更新 HEAD 引用"
-
-#: builtin/commit.c:1550
+#: builtin/commit.c:1787
 msgid ""
 "Repository has been updated, but unable to write\n"
-"new_index file. Check that disk is not full or quota is\n"
+"new_index file. Check that disk is not full and quota is\n"
 "not exceeded, and then \"git reset HEAD\" to recover."
 msgstr ""
-"版本库已被更新，但无法写入新暂存区文件。检查是否磁盘\n"
-"已满或磁盘配额耗尽，然后执行 \"git reset HEAD\" 恢复。"
+"版本库已更新，但无法写 new_index 文件。检查是否磁盘已满\n"
+"或磁盘配额已耗尽，然后执行 \"git reset HEAD\" 恢复。"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:8
+msgid "git config [<options>]"
+msgstr "git config [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:53
+msgid "Config file location"
+msgstr "配置文件位置"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:54
+msgid "use global config file"
+msgstr "使用全局配置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:55
+msgid "use system config file"
+msgstr "使用系统级配置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:56
+msgid "use repository config file"
+msgstr "使用版本库级配置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:57
+msgid "use given config file"
+msgstr "使用指定的配置文件"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "blob-id"
+msgstr "数据对象ID"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:58
+msgid "read config from given blob object"
+msgstr "从给定的数据对象读取配置"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:59
+msgid "Action"
+msgstr "操作"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:60
+msgid "get value: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "获取值：name [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:61
+msgid "get all values: key [value-regex]"
+msgstr "获得所有的值：key [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:62
+msgid "get values for regexp: name-regex [value-regex]"
+msgstr "根据正则表达式获得值：name-regex [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:63
+msgid "get value specific for the URL: section[.var] URL"
+msgstr "获得 URL 取值：section[.var] URL"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:64
+msgid "replace all matching variables: name value [value_regex]"
+msgstr "替换所有匹配的变量：name value [value_regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:65
+msgid "add a new variable: name value"
+msgstr "添加一个新的变量：name value"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:66
+msgid "remove a variable: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "删除一个变量：name [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:67
+msgid "remove all matches: name [value-regex]"
+msgstr "删除所有匹配项：name [value-regex]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:68
+msgid "rename section: old-name new-name"
+msgstr "重命名小节：old-name new-name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:69
+msgid "remove a section: name"
+msgstr "删除一个小节：name"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:70
+msgid "list all"
+msgstr "列出所有"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:71
+msgid "open an editor"
+msgstr "打开一个编辑器"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:234
+#: builtin/config.c:72
+msgid "find the color configured: slot [default]"
+msgstr "获得配置的颜色：配置 [默认]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:73
+msgid "find the color setting: slot [stdout-is-tty]"
+msgstr "获得颜色设置：配置 [stdout-is-tty]"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:74
+msgid "Type"
+msgstr "类型"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:75
+msgid "value is \"true\" or \"false\""
+msgstr "值是 \"true\" 或 \"false\""
+
+#: builtin/config.c:76
+msgid "value is decimal number"
+msgstr "值是十进制数"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:77
+msgid "value is --bool or --int"
+msgstr "值是 --bool or --int"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:78
+msgid "value is a path (file or directory name)"
+msgstr "值是一个路径（文件或目录名）"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:79
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "其它"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:80
+msgid "terminate values with NUL byte"
+msgstr "终止值是NUL字节"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:81
+msgid "respect include directives on lookup"
+msgstr "查询时参照 include 指令递归查找"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:316
+msgid "unable to parse default color value"
+msgstr "不能解析缺省的颜色值"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:457
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+"# This is Git's per-user configuration file.\n"
+"[core]\n"
+"# Please adapt and uncomment the following lines:\n"
+"#\tuser = %s\n"
+"#\temail = %s\n"
+
+#: builtin/config.c:589
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create configuration file %s"
+msgstr "不能创建配置文件 %s"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:55
+msgid "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+msgstr "git count-objects [-v] [-H | --human-readable]"
+
+#: builtin/count-objects.c:65
+msgid "print sizes in human readable format"
+msgstr "以用户可读的格式显示大小"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:17
+msgid "git describe [<options>] [<commit-ish>...]"
+msgstr "git describe [<选项>] [<提交号>...]"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:18
+msgid "git describe [<options>] --dirty"
+msgstr "git describe [<选项>] --dirty"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s not available"
 msgstr "注释 tag %s 无效"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:238
+#: builtin/describe.c:221
 #, c-format
 msgid "annotated tag %s has no embedded name"
 msgstr "注释 tag %s 没有嵌入名称"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:240
+#: builtin/describe.c:223
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' is really '%s' here"
-msgstr "tag '%s' 确是在 '%s'"
+msgstr "tag '%s' 的确是在 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:267
+#: builtin/describe.c:250 builtin/log.c:452
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not a valid object name %s"
 msgstr "不是一个有效的对象名 %s"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:270
+#: builtin/describe.c:253
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s is not a valid '%s' object"
 msgstr "%s 不是一个有效的 '%s' 对象"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:287
+#: builtin/describe.c:270
 #, c-format
 msgid "no tag exactly matches '%s'"
 msgstr "没有 tag 准确匹配 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:289
+#: builtin/describe.c:272
 #, c-format
 msgid "searching to describe %s\n"
 msgstr "搜索描述 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:329
+#: builtin/describe.c:319
 #, c-format
 msgid "finished search at %s\n"
 msgstr "完成搜索 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:353
+#: builtin/describe.c:346
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No annotated tags can describe '%s'.\n"
@@ -1742,142 +4969,343 @@ msgstr ""
 "没有注释 tag 能描述 '%s'。\n"
 "然而，有非注释 tag：尝试 --tags。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:357
+#: builtin/describe.c:350
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "No tags can describe '%s'.\n"
 "Try --always, or create some tags."
 msgstr ""
 "没有注释 tag 能描述 '%s'。\n"
-"尝试 --always，或创建一些 tag。"
+"尝试 --always，或者创建一些 tag。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:378
+#: builtin/describe.c:371
 #, c-format
 msgid "traversed %lu commits\n"
 msgstr "已遍历 %lu 个提交\n"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:381
+#: builtin/describe.c:374
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "more than %i tags found; listed %i most recent\n"
 "gave up search at %s\n"
 msgstr ""
-"发现多于 %i 个 tag；列出最近的 %i 个\n"
-"放弃搜索 %s\n"
+"发现多于 %i 个 tag，列出最近的 %i 个\n"
+"在 %s 放弃搜索\n"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:396
+msgid "find the tag that comes after the commit"
+msgstr "寻找提交之后的 tag（用于描述提交）"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:397
+msgid "debug search strategy on stderr"
+msgstr "在标准错误上调试搜索策略"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:398
+msgid "use any ref"
+msgstr "使用任意引用"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:399
+msgid "use any tag, even unannotated"
+msgstr "使用任意 tag，即使未带注解"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:400
+msgid "always use long format"
+msgstr "始终使用长提交号格式"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:401
+msgid "only follow first parent"
+msgstr "只跟随第一个父提交"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:404
+msgid "only output exact matches"
+msgstr "只输出精确匹配"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:436
+#: builtin/describe.c:406
+msgid "consider <n> most recent tags (default: 10)"
+msgstr "考虑最近 <n> 个 tags（默认：10）"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:408
+msgid "only consider tags matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "只考虑匹配 <模式> 的 tags"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:410 builtin/name-rev.c:318
+msgid "show abbreviated commit object as fallback"
+msgstr "显示简写的提交号作为后备"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:411
+msgid "mark"
+msgstr "标记"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:412
+msgid "append <mark> on dirty working tree (default: \"-dirty\")"
+msgstr "若工作区脏（有变更）在结尾添加 <标记>（默认：\"-dirty\"）"
+
+#: builtin/describe.c:430
 msgid "--long is incompatible with --abbrev=0"
 msgstr "--long 与 --abbrev=0 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:462
+#: builtin/describe.c:456
 msgid "No names found, cannot describe anything."
-msgstr "没有发现名称，无法描述任何东西"
+msgstr "没有发现名称，无法描述任何东西。"
 
-#: builtin/describe.c:482
-msgid "--dirty is incompatible with committishes"
-msgstr "--dirty 不能与提交共用"
+#: builtin/describe.c:476
+msgid "--dirty is incompatible with commit-ishes"
+msgstr "--dirty 不能与提交同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:77
+#: builtin/diff.c:86
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s': not a regular file or symlink"
 msgstr "'%s'：不是一个正规文件或符号链接"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:220
+#: builtin/diff.c:237
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid option: %s"
 msgstr "无效选项：%s"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:293
+#: builtin/diff.c:358
 msgid "Not a git repository"
 msgstr "不是一个 git 版本库"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:343
+#: builtin/diff.c:401
 #, c-format
 msgid "invalid object '%s' given."
 msgstr "提供了无效对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:348
-#, c-format
-msgid "more than %d trees given: '%s'"
-msgstr "提供了超过 %d 个树对象：'%s'"
-
-#: builtin/diff.c:358
+#: builtin/diff.c:410
 #, c-format
 msgid "more than two blobs given: '%s'"
-msgstr "提供了超过两个 blob 对象：'%s'"
+msgstr "提供了超过两个数据（blob）对象：'%s'"
 
-#: builtin/diff.c:366
+#: builtin/diff.c:417
 #, c-format
 msgid "unhandled object '%s' given."
-msgstr "提供了无法处理的对象 '%s'。"
+msgstr "无法处理的对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:200
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:24
+msgid "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+msgstr "git fast-export [rev-list-opts]"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:979
+msgid "show progress after <n> objects"
+msgstr "在 <n> 个对象之后显示进度"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:981
+msgid "select handling of signed tags"
+msgstr "选择如何处理签名 tags"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:984
+msgid "select handling of tags that tag filtered objects"
+msgstr "选择当 tag 指向被过滤时 tags 的处理方式"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:987
+msgid "Dump marks to this file"
+msgstr "把标记存储到这个文件"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:989
+msgid "Import marks from this file"
+msgstr "从这个文件导入标记"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:991
+msgid "Fake a tagger when tags lack one"
+msgstr "当 tags 缺少标记者字段时，假装提供一个"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:993
+msgid "Output full tree for each commit"
+msgstr "每次提交都输出整个树"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:995
+msgid "Use the done feature to terminate the stream"
+msgstr "使用 done 功能来终止流"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:996
+msgid "Skip output of blob data"
+msgstr "跳过数据对象的输出"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:997
+msgid "refspec"
+msgstr "引用表达式"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:998
+msgid "Apply refspec to exported refs"
+msgstr "对导出的引用应用引用表达式"
+
+#: builtin/fast-export.c:999
+msgid "anonymize output"
+msgstr "匿名输出"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:19
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git fetch [<选项>] [<版本库> [<引用规则>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:20
+msgid "git fetch [<options>] <group>"
+msgstr "git fetch [<选项>] <组>"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:21
+msgid "git fetch --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)...]"
+msgstr "git fetch --multiple [<选项>] [(<版本库> | <组>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:22
+msgid "git fetch --all [<options>]"
+msgstr "git fetch --all [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:89
+msgid "fetch from all remotes"
+msgstr "从所有的远程抓取"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:91
+msgid "append to .git/FETCH_HEAD instead of overwriting"
+msgstr "追加到 .git/FETCH_HEAD 而不是覆盖它"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:93
+msgid "path to upload pack on remote end"
+msgstr "上传包到远程的路径"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:94
+msgid "force overwrite of local branch"
+msgstr "强制覆盖本地分支"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:96
+msgid "fetch from multiple remotes"
+msgstr "从多个远程抓取"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:98
+msgid "fetch all tags and associated objects"
+msgstr "抓取所有的 tags 和关联对象"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:100
+msgid "do not fetch all tags (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "不抓取任何 tags (--no-tags)"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:102
+msgid "prune remote-tracking branches no longer on remote"
+msgstr "清除远程已经不存在的分支的跟踪分支"
+
+#  译者：可选值，不能翻译
+#: builtin/fetch.c:103
+msgid "on-demand"
+msgstr "on-demand"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:104
+msgid "control recursive fetching of submodules"
+msgstr "控制子模组的递归抓取"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:108
+msgid "keep downloaded pack"
+msgstr "保持下载包"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:110
+msgid "allow updating of HEAD ref"
+msgstr "允许更新 HEAD 引用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:113
+msgid "deepen history of shallow clone"
+msgstr "深化浅克隆的历史"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:115
+msgid "convert to a complete repository"
+msgstr "转换为一个完整的版本库"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:117 builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "dir"
+msgstr "目录"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:118
+msgid "prepend this to submodule path output"
+msgstr "在子模组路径输出的前面加上此目录"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:121
+msgid "default mode for recursion"
+msgstr "递归的默认模式"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:123
+msgid "accept refs that update .git/shallow"
+msgstr "接受更新 .git/shallow 的引用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:124
+msgid "refmap"
+msgstr "引用映射"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:125
+msgid "specify fetch refmap"
+msgstr "指定获取操作的引用映射"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:375
 msgid "Couldn't find remote ref HEAD"
 msgstr "无法发现远程 HEAD 引用"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:252
+#: builtin/fetch.c:455
 #, c-format
 msgid "object %s not found"
 msgstr "对象 %s 未发现"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:258
+#: builtin/fetch.c:460
 msgid "[up to date]"
 msgstr "[最新]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:272
+#: builtin/fetch.c:474
 #, c-format
 msgid "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  (can't fetch in current branch)"
 msgstr "! %-*s %-*s -> %s  （在当前分支下不能获取）"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:273 builtin/fetch.c:351
+#: builtin/fetch.c:475 builtin/fetch.c:561
 msgid "[rejected]"
 msgstr "[已拒绝]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:284
+#: builtin/fetch.c:486
 msgid "[tag update]"
 msgstr "[tag更新]"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:286 builtin/fetch.c:313 builtin/fetch.c:331
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: builtin/fetch.c:488 builtin/fetch.c:523 builtin/fetch.c:541
 msgid "  (unable to update local ref)"
 msgstr "  （不能更新本地引用）"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:298
+#: builtin/fetch.c:506
 msgid "[new tag]"
 msgstr "[新tag]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:302
+#: builtin/fetch.c:509
 msgid "[new branch]"
 msgstr "[新分支]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:347
+#: builtin/fetch.c:512
+msgid "[new ref]"
+msgstr "[新引用]"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
 msgid "unable to update local ref"
 msgstr "不能更新本地引用"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:347
+#: builtin/fetch.c:557
 msgid "forced update"
 msgstr "强制更新"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:353
+#: builtin/fetch.c:563
 msgid "(non-fast-forward)"
-msgstr "（非快进式推送）"
+msgstr "（非快进式）"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:384 builtin/fetch.c:676
+#: builtin/fetch.c:596 builtin/fetch.c:829
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open %s: %s\n"
 msgstr "无法打开 %s：%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:393
+#: builtin/fetch.c:605
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s did not send all necessary objects\n"
 msgstr "%s 未发送所有必须的对象\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:479
+#: builtin/fetch.c:623
+#, c-format
+msgid "reject %s because shallow roots are not allowed to be updated"
+msgstr "拒绝 %s 因为浅克隆不允许被更新"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:711 builtin/fetch.c:794
 #, c-format
 msgid "From %.*s\n"
 msgstr "来自 %.*s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:490
+#: builtin/fetch.c:722
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "some local refs could not be updated; try running\n"
@@ -1886,175 +5314,959 @@ msgstr ""
 "一些本地引用不能被更新；尝试运行\n"
 " 'git remote prune %s' 来删除旧的、有冲突的分支"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:540
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: builtin/fetch.c:774
 #, c-format
-msgid "   (%s will become dangling)\n"
-msgstr "   （%s 将成为悬空状态）\n"
+msgid "   (%s will become dangling)"
+msgstr "   （%s 将成为摇摆状态）"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/fetch.c:541
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: builtin/fetch.c:775
 #, c-format
-msgid "   (%s has become dangling)\n"
-msgstr "   （%s 已成为悬空状态）\n"
+msgid "   (%s has become dangling)"
+msgstr "   （%s 已成为摇摆状态）"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:548
+#: builtin/fetch.c:799
 msgid "[deleted]"
 msgstr "[已删除]"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:549
+#: builtin/fetch.c:800 builtin/remote.c:1060
 msgid "(none)"
 msgstr "（无）"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:666
+#: builtin/fetch.c:819
 #, c-format
 msgid "Refusing to fetch into current branch %s of non-bare repository"
-msgstr "拒绝获取到非裸版本库的当前分支 %s"
+msgstr "拒绝获取到非纯版本库的当前分支 %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:700
-#, c-format
-msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
-msgstr "不知道如何从 %s 获取"
-
-#: builtin/fetch.c:777
+#: builtin/fetch.c:838
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" value \"%s\" is not valid for %s"
 msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 的值 \"%s\" 对于 %s 是无效的"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:780
+#: builtin/fetch.c:841
 #, c-format
 msgid "Option \"%s\" is ignored for %s\n"
-msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 对于 %s 被忽略\n"
+msgstr "选项 \"%s\" 为 %s 所忽略\n"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:897
+#, c-format
+msgid "Don't know how to fetch from %s"
+msgstr "不知道如何从 %s 获取"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:879
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1059
 #, c-format
 msgid "Fetching %s\n"
 msgstr "正在获取 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:881
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1061 builtin/remote.c:90
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not fetch %s"
 msgstr "不能获取 %s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:898
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1079
 msgid ""
 "No remote repository specified.  Please, specify either a URL or a\n"
 "remote name from which new revisions should be fetched."
-msgstr "未提供远程版本库。请提供一个URL或远程版本库名，用于获取新版本。"
+msgstr "未指定远程版本库。请通过一个URL或远程版本库名指定，用以获取新提交。"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:918
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1102
 msgid "You need to specify a tag name."
-msgstr "你需要提供一个 tag 名称"
+msgstr "您需要指定一个 tag 名称。"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1144
+msgid "--depth and --unshallow cannot be used together"
+msgstr "--depth 和 --unshallow 不能同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1146
+msgid "--unshallow on a complete repository does not make sense"
+msgstr "对于一个完整的版本库，参数 --unshallow 没有意义"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:970
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1169
 msgid "fetch --all does not take a repository argument"
 msgstr "fetch --all 不能带一个版本库参数"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:972
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1171
 msgid "fetch --all does not make sense with refspecs"
-msgstr "fetch --all 带引用表达式没有任何意义"
+msgstr "fetch --all 带引用规则没有任何意义"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:983
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1182
 #, c-format
 msgid "No such remote or remote group: %s"
 msgstr "没有这样的远程或远程组：%s"
 
-#: builtin/fetch.c:991
+#: builtin/fetch.c:1190
 msgid "Fetching a group and specifying refspecs does not make sense"
-msgstr "获取组并提供引用表达式没有意义"
+msgstr "获取组并指定引用规则没有意义"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:63
-#, c-format
-msgid "Invalid %s: '%s'"
-msgstr "无效的 %s：'%s'"
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git fmt-merge-msg [-m <message>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <file>]"
+msgstr "git fmt-merge-msg [-m <说明>] [--log[=<n>] | --no-log] [--file <文件>]"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:662 builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:665 builtin/grep.c:698
+#: builtin/merge.c:198 builtin/repack.c:178 builtin/repack.c:182
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:657 builtin/show-ref.c:178 builtin/tag.c:590
+#: parse-options.h:132 parse-options.h:239
+msgid "n"
+msgstr "n"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:663
+msgid "populate log with at most <n> entries from shortlog"
+msgstr "向提交说明中最多复制指定条目（合并而来的提交）的简短说明"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:666
+msgid "alias for --log (deprecated)"
+msgstr "参数 --log 的别名（已弃用）"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:669
+msgid "text"
+msgstr "文本"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:670
+msgid "use <text> as start of message"
+msgstr "使用 <文本> 作为提交说明的开始"
+
+#: builtin/fmt-merge-msg.c:671
+msgid "file to read from"
+msgstr "从文件中读取"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:675
+msgid "unable to parse format"
+msgstr "不能解析格式"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1063
+msgid "git for-each-ref [<options>] [<pattern>]"
+msgstr "git for-each-ref [<选项>] [<模式>]"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1078
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for shells"
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 shells"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1080
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for perl"
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 perl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1082
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for python"
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 python"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1084
+msgid "quote placeholders suitably for Tcl"
+msgstr "引用占位符适用于 Tcl"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1087
+msgid "show only <n> matched refs"
+msgstr "只显示 <n> 个匹配的引用"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088 builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "format"
+msgstr "格式"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1088
+msgid "format to use for the output"
+msgstr "输出格式"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1089
+msgid "key"
+msgstr "key"
+
+#: builtin/for-each-ref.c:1090
+msgid "field name to sort on"
+msgstr "排序的字段名"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:147 builtin/prune.c:137
+msgid "Checking connectivity"
+msgstr "检查连接中"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:540
+msgid "Checking object directories"
+msgstr "检查对象目录中"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:603
+msgid "git fsck [<options>] [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git fsck [<选项>] [<对象>...]"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:609
+msgid "show unreachable objects"
+msgstr "显示不可达的对象"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:610
+msgid "show dangling objects"
+msgstr "显示摇摆的对象"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:611
+msgid "report tags"
+msgstr "报告 tags"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:612
+msgid "report root nodes"
+msgstr "报告根节点"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:613
+msgid "make index objects head nodes"
+msgstr "将索引亦作为检查的头节点"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:614
+msgid "make reflogs head nodes (default)"
+msgstr "将引用日志作为检查的头节点（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:615
+msgid "also consider packs and alternate objects"
+msgstr "也考虑包和备用对象"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:78
-msgid "Too many options specified"
-msgstr "提供了太多的选项"
+#: builtin/fsck.c:616
+msgid "enable more strict checking"
+msgstr "启用更严格的检查"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:103
+#: builtin/fsck.c:618
+msgid "write dangling objects in .git/lost-found"
+msgstr "将摇摆对象写入 .git/lost-found 中"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:619 builtin/prune.c:108
+msgid "show progress"
+msgstr "显示进度"
+
+#: builtin/fsck.c:669
+msgid "Checking objects"
+msgstr "检查对象中"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:24
+msgid "git gc [<options>]"
+msgstr "git gc [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:79
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid gc.pruneexpire: '%s'"
+msgstr "无效的 gc.pruneexpire：'%s'"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:107
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long object directory %.*s"
 msgstr "不正常的长对象目录 %.*s"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:223
+#: builtin/gc.c:276
+msgid "prune unreferenced objects"
+msgstr "清除未引用的对象"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:278
+msgid "be more thorough (increased runtime)"
+msgstr "更彻底（增加运行时间）"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:279
+msgid "enable auto-gc mode"
+msgstr "启用自动垃圾回收模式"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:280
+msgid "force running gc even if there may be another gc running"
+msgstr "强制执行 gc 即使另外一个 gc 正在执行"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"
+msgstr "自动在后台执行版本库打包以求最佳性能。\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:323
 #, c-format
 msgid "Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"
 msgstr "自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。\n"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:226
+#: builtin/gc.c:324
+#, c-format
+msgid "See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"
+msgstr "手工维护参见 \"git help gc\"。\n"
+
+#: builtin/gc.c:342
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
-"Auto packing the repository for optimum performance. You may also\n"
-"run \"git gc\" manually. See \"git help gc\" for more information.\n"
+"gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> (use --force if not)"
 msgstr ""
-"自动打包版本库以求最佳性能。你还可以\n"
-"手动运行 \"git gc\"。 参见 \"git help gc\" 获取更多信息。\n"
+"已经有一个 gc 正运行在机器 '%s' pid %<PRIuMAX> （如果不是，使用 --force）"
 
-#: builtin/gc.c:256
+#: builtin/gc.c:364
 msgid ""
 "There are too many unreachable loose objects; run 'git prune' to remove them."
-msgstr "有太多无指向的松散对象，运行 'git prune' 删除它们。"
+msgstr "有太多不可达的松散对象，运行 'git prune' 删除它们。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:216
-#, c-format
-msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
-msgstr "grep: 无法创建线程：%s"
+#: builtin/grep.c:23
+msgid "git grep [<options>] [-e] <pattern> [<rev>...] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git grep [<选项>] [-e] <模式> [<版本>...] [[--] <路径>...]"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:402
+#: builtin/grep.c:218
 #, c-format
-msgid "Failed to chdir: %s"
-msgstr "无法切换目录：%s"
+msgid "grep: failed to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "grep：无法创建线程：%s"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:478 builtin/grep.c:512
+#: builtin/grep.c:441 builtin/grep.c:476
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to read tree (%s)"
-msgstr "无法读取代码树（%s）"
+msgstr "无法读取树（%s）"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:526
+#: builtin/grep.c:491
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to grep from object of type %s"
 msgstr "无法抓取来自于 %s 类型的对象"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:584
+#: builtin/grep.c:547
 #, c-format
 msgid "switch `%c' expects a numerical value"
 msgstr "开关 `%c' 期望一个数字值"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:601
+#: builtin/grep.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot open '%s'"
 msgstr "不能打开 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:889
+#: builtin/grep.c:638
+msgid "search in index instead of in the work tree"
+msgstr "在索引区搜索而不是在工作区"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:640
+msgid "find in contents not managed by git"
+msgstr "在未被 git 管理的内容中查找"
+
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，可删除前导空格
+#: builtin/grep.c:642
+msgid "search in both tracked and untracked files"
+msgstr "在跟踪和未跟踪的文件中搜索"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:644
+msgid "ignore files specified via '.gitignore'"
+msgstr "忽略 '.gitignore' 包含的文件"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:647
+msgid "show non-matching lines"
+msgstr "显示未匹配的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:649
+msgid "case insensitive matching"
+msgstr "不区分大小写匹配"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:651
+msgid "match patterns only at word boundaries"
+msgstr "只在单词边界匹配模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:653
+msgid "process binary files as text"
+msgstr "把二进制文件当做文本处理"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:655
+msgid "don't match patterns in binary files"
+msgstr "不在二进制文件中匹配模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:658
+msgid "process binary files with textconv filters"
+msgstr "用 textconv 过滤器处理二进制文件"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:660
+msgid "descend at most <depth> levels"
+msgstr "最多以指定的深度向下寻找"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:664
+msgid "use extended POSIX regular expressions"
+msgstr "使用扩展的 POSIX 正则表达式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:667
+msgid "use basic POSIX regular expressions (default)"
+msgstr "使用基本的 POSIX 正则表达式（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:670
+msgid "interpret patterns as fixed strings"
+msgstr "把模式解析为固定的字符串"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:673
+msgid "use Perl-compatible regular expressions"
+msgstr "使用 Perl 兼容的正则表达式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:676
+msgid "show line numbers"
+msgstr "显示行号"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:677
+msgid "don't show filenames"
+msgstr "不显示文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:678
+msgid "show filenames"
+msgstr "显示文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:680
+msgid "show filenames relative to top directory"
+msgstr "显示相对于顶级目录的文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:682
+msgid "show only filenames instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "只显示文件名而不显示匹配的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:684
+msgid "synonym for --files-with-matches"
+msgstr "和 --files-with-matches 同义"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:687
+msgid "show only the names of files without match"
+msgstr "只显示未匹配的文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:689
+msgid "print NUL after filenames"
+msgstr "在文件名后输出 NUL 字符"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:691
+msgid "show the number of matches instead of matching lines"
+msgstr "显示总匹配行数，而不显示匹配的行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:692
+msgid "highlight matches"
+msgstr "高亮显示匹配项"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:694
+msgid "print empty line between matches from different files"
+msgstr "在不同文件的匹配项之间打印空行"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:696
+msgid "show filename only once above matches from same file"
+msgstr "只在同一文件的匹配项的上面显示一次文件名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:699
+msgid "show <n> context lines before and after matches"
+msgstr "显示匹配项前后的 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:702
+msgid "show <n> context lines before matches"
+msgstr "显示匹配项前 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:704
+msgid "show <n> context lines after matches"
+msgstr "显示匹配项后 <n> 行上下文"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:705
+msgid "shortcut for -C NUM"
+msgstr "快捷键 -C 数字"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:708
+msgid "show a line with the function name before matches"
+msgstr "在匹配的前面显示一行函数名"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:710
+msgid "show the surrounding function"
+msgstr "显示所在函数的前后内容"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:713
+msgid "read patterns from file"
+msgstr "从文件读取模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:715
+msgid "match <pattern>"
+msgstr "匹配 <模式>"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:717
+msgid "combine patterns specified with -e"
+msgstr "组合用 -e 参数设定的模式"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:729
+msgid "indicate hit with exit status without output"
+msgstr "不输出，而用退出码标识命中状态"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:731
+msgid "show only matches from files that match all patterns"
+msgstr "只显示匹配所有模式的文件中的匹配"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:733
+msgid "show parse tree for grep expression"
+msgstr "显示 grep 表达式的解析树"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "pager"
+msgstr "分页"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:737
+msgid "show matching files in the pager"
+msgstr "分页显示匹配的文件"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:740
+msgid "allow calling of grep(1) (ignored by this build)"
+msgstr "允许调用 grep(1)（本次构建忽略）"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:741 builtin/show-ref.c:187
+msgid "show usage"
+msgstr "显示用法"
+
+#: builtin/grep.c:808
 msgid "no pattern given."
 msgstr "未提供模式匹配。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:903
-#, c-format
-msgid "bad object %s"
-msgstr "坏对象 %s"
-
-#: builtin/grep.c:944
+#: builtin/grep.c:866
 msgid "--open-files-in-pager only works on the worktree"
 msgstr "--open-files-in-pager 仅用于工作区"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:967
+#: builtin/grep.c:892
 msgid "--cached or --untracked cannot be used with --no-index."
-msgstr "--cached 或 --untracked 不能与 --no-index 共用"
+msgstr "--cached 或 --untracked 不能与 --no-index 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:972
+#: builtin/grep.c:897
 msgid "--no-index or --untracked cannot be used with revs."
-msgstr "--no-index 或 --untracked 不能和版本共用。"
+msgstr "--no-index 或 --untracked 不能和版本同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:975
+#: builtin/grep.c:900
 msgid "--[no-]exclude-standard cannot be used for tracked contents."
-msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard 不能用于跟踪内容。"
+msgstr "--[no-]exclude-standard 不能用于已跟踪内容。"
 
-#: builtin/grep.c:983
+#: builtin/grep.c:908
 msgid "both --cached and trees are given."
 msgstr "同时给出了 --cached 和树对象。"
 
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:82
+msgid ""
+"git hash-object [-t <type>] [-w] [--path=<file> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <file>..."
+msgstr ""
+"git hash-object [-t <类型>] [-w] [--path=<文件> | --no-filters] [--stdin] "
+"[--] <文件>..."
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:83
+msgid "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <list-of-paths>"
+msgstr "git hash-object  --stdin-paths < <路径列表>"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94 builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "type"
+msgstr "类型"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:94
+msgid "object type"
+msgstr "对象类型"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:95
+msgid "write the object into the object database"
+msgstr "将对象写入对象数据库"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:97
+msgid "read the object from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取对象"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:99
+msgid "store file as is without filters"
+msgstr "原样存储文件不使用过滤器"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:100
+msgid ""
+"just hash any random garbage to create corrupt objects for debugging Git"
+msgstr "允许对任意随机垃圾数据做散列来创建损坏的对象以便调试 Git"
+
+#: builtin/hash-object.c:101
+msgid "process file as it were from this path"
+msgstr "处理文件并假设其来自于此路径"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:41
+msgid "print all available commands"
+msgstr "打印所有可用的命令"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:42
+msgid "print list of useful guides"
+msgstr "显示有用的指南列表"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:43
+msgid "show man page"
+msgstr "显示 man 手册"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:44
+msgid "show manual in web browser"
+msgstr "在 web 浏览器中显示手册"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:46
+msgid "show info page"
+msgstr "显示 info 手册"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:52
+msgid "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<command>]"
+msgstr "git help [--all] [--guides] [--man | --web | --info] [<命令>]"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:64
+#, c-format
+msgid "unrecognized help format '%s'"
+msgstr "未能识别的帮助格式 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:91
+msgid "Failed to start emacsclient."
+msgstr "无法启动 emacsclient。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:104
+msgid "Failed to parse emacsclient version."
+msgstr "无法解析 emacsclient 版本。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:112
+#, c-format
+msgid "emacsclient version '%d' too old (< 22)."
+msgstr "emacsclient 版本 '%d' 太老（< 22）。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:130 builtin/help.c:158 builtin/help.c:167 builtin/help.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "failed to exec '%s': %s"
+msgstr "无法执行 '%s'：%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:215
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': path for unsupported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.cmd' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s'：不支持的 man 手册查看器的路径。\n"
+"请使用 'man.<工具>.cmd'。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:227
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"'%s': cmd for supported man viewer.\n"
+"Please consider using 'man.<tool>.path' instead."
+msgstr ""
+"'%s': 支持的 man 手册查看器命令。\n"
+"请使用 'man.<工具>.path'。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:354
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s': unknown man viewer."
+msgstr "'%s'：未知的 man 查看器。"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:371
+msgid "no man viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "没有 man 查看器处理此请求"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:379
+msgid "no info viewer handled the request"
+msgstr "没有 info 查看器处理此请求"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:428
+msgid "Defining attributes per path"
+msgstr "定义路径的属性"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:429
+msgid "Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So"
+msgstr "每一天 Git 常用的约 20 条命令"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:430
+msgid "A Git glossary"
+msgstr "Git 词汇表"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:431
+msgid "Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore"
+msgstr "忽略指定的未跟踪文件"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:432
+msgid "Defining submodule properties"
+msgstr "定义子模组属性"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:433
+msgid "Specifying revisions and ranges for Git"
+msgstr "指定 Git 的版本和版本范围"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:434
+msgid "A tutorial introduction to Git (for version 1.5.1 or newer)"
+msgstr "一个 Git 教程（针对 1.5.1 或更新版本）"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:435
+msgid "An overview of recommended workflows with Git"
+msgstr "Git 推荐的工作流概览"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:447
+msgid "The common Git guides are:\n"
+msgstr "最常用的 Git 向导有：\n"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:468 builtin/help.c:485
+#, c-format
+msgid "usage: %s%s"
+msgstr "用法：%s%s"
+
+#: builtin/help.c:501
+#, c-format
+msgid "`git %s' is aliased to `%s'"
+msgstr "`git %s' 是 `%s' 的别名"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:150
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to open %s"
+msgstr "不能打开 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "object type mismatch at %s"
+msgstr "%s 的对象类型不匹配"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "did not receive expected object %s"
+msgstr "未能获取期望的对象 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:223
+#, c-format
+msgid "object %s: expected type %s, found %s"
+msgstr "对象 %s：期待类型 %s，却是 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot fill %d byte"
+msgid_plural "cannot fill %d bytes"
+msgstr[0] "无法填充 %d 字节"
+msgstr[1] "无法填充 %d 字节"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:275
+msgid "early EOF"
+msgstr "过早的文件结束符（EOF）"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:276
+msgid "read error on input"
+msgstr "输入上的读错误"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:288
+msgid "used more bytes than were available"
+msgstr "用掉了超过可用的字节"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:295
+msgid "pack too large for current definition of off_t"
+msgstr "包太大超过了当前 off_t 的定义"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create '%s'"
+msgstr "不能创建 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:316
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open packfile '%s'"
+msgstr "无法打开包文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:330
+msgid "pack signature mismatch"
+msgstr "包签名不匹配"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:332
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack version %<PRIu32> unsupported"
+msgstr "不支持包版本 %<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:350
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has bad object at offset %lu: %s"
+msgstr "包中有错误的对象位于 %lu：%s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:471
+#, c-format
+msgid "inflate returned %d"
+msgstr "解压缩返回 %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:520
+msgid "offset value overflow for delta base object"
+msgstr "偏移值覆盖了 delta 基准对象"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:528
+msgid "delta base offset is out of bound"
+msgstr "delta 基准偏移越界"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:536
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown object type %d"
+msgstr "未知对象类型 %d"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:567
+msgid "cannot pread pack file"
+msgstr "无法读取包文件"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:569
+#, c-format
+msgid "premature end of pack file, %lu byte missing"
+msgid_plural "premature end of pack file, %lu bytes missing"
+msgstr[0] "包文件过早结束，缺少 %lu 字节"
+msgstr[1] "包文件过早结束，缺少 %lu 字节"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:595
+msgid "serious inflate inconsistency"
+msgstr "解压缩严重的不一致"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:686 builtin/index-pack.c:692 builtin/index-pack.c:715
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:749 builtin/index-pack.c:758
+#, c-format
+msgid "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND WITH %s !"
+msgstr "发现 %s 出现 SHA1 冲突！"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:689 builtin/pack-objects.c:162
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:254
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read %s"
+msgstr "不能读 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot read existing object %s"
+msgstr "不能读取现存对象 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid blob object %s"
+msgstr "无效的数据（blob）对象 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:783
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid %s"
+msgstr "无效的 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:787
+msgid "Error in object"
+msgstr "对象中出错"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:789
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not all child objects of %s are reachable"
+msgstr "%s 的所有子对象并非都可达"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:861 builtin/index-pack.c:890
+msgid "failed to apply delta"
+msgstr "无法应用 delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Receiving objects"
+msgstr "接收对象中"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1055
+msgid "Indexing objects"
+msgstr "索引对象中"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1081
+msgid "pack is corrupted (SHA1 mismatch)"
+msgstr "包冲突（SHA1 不匹配）"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1086
+msgid "cannot fstat packfile"
+msgstr "不能枚举包文件状态"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1089
+msgid "pack has junk at the end"
+msgstr "包的结尾有垃圾数据"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1100
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity in parse_pack_objects()"
+msgstr "parse_pack_objects() 中遇到不可理喻的问题"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1123
+msgid "Resolving deltas"
+msgstr "处理 delta 中"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1133
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to create thread: %s"
+msgstr "不能创建线程：%s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1175
+msgid "confusion beyond insanity"
+msgstr "不可理喻"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "completed with %d local objects"
+msgstr "完成 %d 个本地对象"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1191
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unexpected tail checksum for %s (disk corruption?)"
+msgstr "对 %s 的尾部校验出现意外（磁盘损坏？）"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1195
+#, c-format
+msgid "pack has %d unresolved delta"
+msgid_plural "pack has %d unresolved deltas"
+msgstr[0] "包有 %d 个未解决的 delta"
+msgstr[1] "包有 %d 个未解决的 delta"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1219
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to deflate appended object (%d)"
+msgstr "不能压缩附加对象（%d）"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1298
+#, c-format
+msgid "local object %s is corrupt"
+msgstr "本地对象 %s 已损坏"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1322
+msgid "error while closing pack file"
+msgstr "关闭包文件时出错"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot write keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "无法写保留文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1343
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot close written keep file '%s'"
+msgstr "无法关闭保留文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1356
+msgid "cannot store pack file"
+msgstr "无法存储包文件"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1367
+msgid "cannot store index file"
+msgstr "无法存储索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1400
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+msgstr "坏的 pack.indexversion=%<PRIu32>"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1406
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid number of threads specified (%d)"
+msgstr "指定的线程数无效（%d）"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1410 builtin/index-pack.c:1589
+#, c-format
+msgid "no threads support, ignoring %s"
+msgstr "没有线程支持，忽略 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack file '%s'"
+msgstr "无法打开现存包文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1470
+#, c-format
+msgid "Cannot open existing pack idx file for '%s'"
+msgstr "无法为 %s 打开包索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1517
+#, c-format
+msgid "non delta: %d object"
+msgid_plural "non delta: %d objects"
+msgstr[0] "非 delta：%d 个对象"
+msgstr[1] "非 delta：%d 个对象"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1524
+#, c-format
+msgid "chain length = %d: %lu object"
+msgid_plural "chain length = %d: %lu objects"
+msgstr[0] "链长 = %d: %lu 对象"
+msgstr[1] "链长 = %d: %lu 对象"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1553
+msgid "Cannot come back to cwd"
+msgstr "无法返回当前工作目录"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1601 builtin/index-pack.c:1604
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1616 builtin/index-pack.c:1620
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad %s"
+msgstr "错误选项 %s"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1634
+msgid "--fix-thin cannot be used without --stdin"
+msgstr "--fix-thin 不能和 --stdin 同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1638 builtin/index-pack.c:1647
+#, c-format
+msgid "packfile name '%s' does not end with '.pack'"
+msgstr "包名 '%s' 没有以 '.pack' 结尾"
+
+#: builtin/index-pack.c:1655
+msgid "--verify with no packfile name given"
+msgstr "--verify 没有提供包名参数"
+
 #: builtin/init-db.c:35
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not make %s writable by group"
@@ -2093,7 +6305,7 @@ msgstr "太长的符号链接 %s"
 #: builtin/init-db.c:102
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot symlink '%s' '%s'"
-msgstr "不能创建符号链接 '%s' 到 '%s'"
+msgstr "不能自 '%s' 到 '%s' 创建符号链接"
 
 #: builtin/init-db.c:106
 #, c-format
@@ -2105,712 +6317,1697 @@ msgstr "不能拷贝 '%s' 至 '%s'"
 msgid "ignoring template %s"
 msgstr "忽略模版 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:133
+#: builtin/init-db.c:136
 #, c-format
 msgid "insanely long template path %s"
 msgstr "太长的模版路径 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:141
+#: builtin/init-db.c:144
 #, c-format
 msgid "templates not found %s"
 msgstr "模版未找到 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:154
+#: builtin/init-db.c:157
 #, c-format
 msgid "not copying templates of a wrong format version %d from '%s'"
-msgstr "未复制错误版本 %d 的模版自 '%s'"
+msgstr "没有从 '%2$s' 复制带有错误版本 %1$d 的模版"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:192
+#: builtin/init-db.c:197
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane git directory %s"
 msgstr "不正常的 git 目录 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:322 builtin/init-db.c:325
+#: builtin/init-db.c:331 builtin/init-db.c:334
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s already exists"
 msgstr "%s 已经存在"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:354
+#: builtin/init-db.c:363
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to handle file type %d"
 msgstr "不能处理 %d 类型的文件"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:357
+#: builtin/init-db.c:366
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to move %s to %s"
 msgstr "不能移动 %s 至 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:362
-#, c-format
-msgid "Could not create git link %s"
-msgstr "不能创建 git link %s"
-
-#.
-#. * TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
-#. * existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
-#. * "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
-#.
-#: builtin/init-db.c:419
+#. TRANSLATORS: The first '%s' is either "Reinitialized
+#. existing" or "Initialized empty", the second " shared" or
+#. "", and the last '%s%s' is the verbatim directory name.
+#: builtin/init-db.c:426
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s%s Git repository in %s%s\n"
 msgstr "%s%s Git 版本库于 %s%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
 msgid "Reinitialized existing"
 msgstr "重新初始化现存的"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:420
+#: builtin/init-db.c:427
 msgid "Initialized empty"
 msgstr "初始化空的"
 
-#  汉字字串合并，之间无空格，故删除前导空格
-#: builtin/init-db.c:421
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，可删除前导空格
+#: builtin/init-db.c:428
 msgid " shared"
-msgstr "共享的"
+msgstr "共享"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:475
+msgid ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<template-directory>] [--"
+"shared[=<permissions>]] [<directory>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git init [-q | --quiet] [--bare] [--template=<模板目录>] [--shared[=<权限>]] "
+"[<目录>]"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:498
+msgid "permissions"
+msgstr "权限"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:440
-msgid "cannot tell cwd"
-msgstr "无法获知当前路径"
+#: builtin/init-db.c:499
+msgid "specify that the git repository is to be shared amongst several users"
+msgstr "指定 git 版本库是多个用户之间共享的"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:521 builtin/init-db.c:528
+#: builtin/init-db.c:501 builtin/prune-packed.c:57 builtin/repack.c:171
+msgid "be quiet"
+msgstr "保持安静"
+
+#: builtin/init-db.c:533 builtin/init-db.c:538
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot mkdir %s"
 msgstr "不能创建目录 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:532
+#: builtin/init-db.c:542
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot chdir to %s"
 msgstr "不能切换目录到 %s"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:554
+#: builtin/init-db.c:563
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "%s (or --work-tree=<directory>) not allowed without specifying %s (or --git-"
 "dir=<directory>)"
-msgstr ""
-"不允许 %s（或 --work-tree=<directory>）而没有 %s（或 --git-dir=<directory>）"
-
-#: builtin/init-db.c:578
-msgid "Cannot access current working directory"
-msgstr "不能访问当前工作目录"
+msgstr "不允许 %s（或 --work-tree=<目录>）而没有指定 %s（或 --git-dir=<目录>）"
 
-#: builtin/init-db.c:585
+#: builtin/init-db.c:591
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot access work tree '%s'"
 msgstr "不能访问工作区 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:185
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:15
+msgid ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] "
+"[<file>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git interpret-trailers [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <键>[(=|:)<值>])...] [<文件"
+">...]"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:25
+msgid "trim empty trailers"
+msgstr "删除空签名"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:26
+msgid "trailer"
+msgstr "签名"
+
+#: builtin/interpret-trailers.c:27
+msgid "trailer(s) to add"
+msgstr "要添加的签名"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:41
+msgid "git log [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]"
+msgstr "git log [<选项>] [<版本范围>] [[--] <路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:42
+msgid "git show [<options>] <object>..."
+msgstr "git show [<选项>] <对象>..."
+
+#: builtin/log.c:81
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid --decorate option: %s"
+msgstr "无效的 --decorate 选项：%s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:127
+msgid "suppress diff output"
+msgstr "不显示差异输出"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:128
+msgid "show source"
+msgstr "显示源"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:129
+msgid "Use mail map file"
+msgstr "使用邮件映射文件"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:130
+msgid "decorate options"
+msgstr "修饰选项"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:133
+msgid "Process line range n,m in file, counting from 1"
+msgstr "处理文件中第 n 到 m 之间的行，从 1 开始"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:229
 #, c-format
 msgid "Final output: %d %s\n"
 msgstr "最终输出：%d %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:393 builtin/log.c:479
+#: builtin/log.c:458
+#, c-format
+msgid "git show %s: bad file"
+msgstr "git show %s: 损坏的文件"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:472 builtin/log.c:564
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read object %s"
-msgstr "无法读取对象 %s"
+msgstr "不能读取对象 %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:503
+#: builtin/log.c:588
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown type: %d"
 msgstr "未知类型：%d"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:592
+#: builtin/log.c:689
 msgid "format.headers without value"
 msgstr "format.headers 没有值"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:665
+#: builtin/log.c:773
 msgid "name of output directory is too long"
 msgstr "输出目录名太长"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:676
+#: builtin/log.c:789
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot open patch file %s"
 msgstr "无法打开补丁文件 %s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:690
+#: builtin/log.c:803
 msgid "Need exactly one range."
 msgstr "只需要一个范围。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:698
+#: builtin/log.c:811
 msgid "Not a range."
 msgstr "不是一个范围。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:735
-msgid "Could not extract email from committer identity."
-msgstr "无法从提交者身份中提取邮件地址。"
-
-#: builtin/log.c:781
+#: builtin/log.c:919
 msgid "Cover letter needs email format"
 msgstr "信封需要邮件地址格式"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:875
+#: builtin/log.c:998
 #, c-format
 msgid "insane in-reply-to: %s"
 msgstr "不正常的 in-reply-to：%s"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:948
+#: builtin/log.c:1026
+msgid "git format-patch [<options>] [<since> | <revision-range>]"
+msgstr "git format-patch [<选项>] [<从> | <版本范围>]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1071
 msgid "Two output directories?"
 msgstr "两个输出目录？"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1169
-#, c-format
-msgid "bogus committer info %s"
-msgstr "虚假的提交者信息 %s"
+#: builtin/log.c:1186
+msgid "use [PATCH n/m] even with a single patch"
+msgstr "使用 [PATCH n/m]，即使只有一个补丁"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1189
+msgid "use [PATCH] even with multiple patches"
+msgstr "使用 [PATCH]，即使有多个补丁"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1193
+msgid "print patches to standard out"
+msgstr "打印补丁到标准输出"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1195
+msgid "generate a cover letter"
+msgstr "生成一封附信"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1197
+msgid "use simple number sequence for output file names"
+msgstr "使用简单的数字序列作为输出文件名"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1198
+msgid "sfx"
+msgstr "后缀"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1199
+msgid "use <sfx> instead of '.patch'"
+msgstr "使用 <后缀> 代替 '.patch'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1201
+msgid "start numbering patches at <n> instead of 1"
+msgstr "补丁以 <n> 开始编号，而不是1"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1203
+msgid "mark the series as Nth re-roll"
+msgstr "标记补丁系列是第几次重制"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1205
+msgid "Use [<prefix>] instead of [PATCH]"
+msgstr "使用 [<前缀>] 代替 [PATCH]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1208
+msgid "store resulting files in <dir>"
+msgstr "把结果文件存储在 <目录>"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1211
+msgid "don't strip/add [PATCH]"
+msgstr "不删除/添加 [PATCH]"
 
 #: builtin/log.c:1214
+msgid "don't output binary diffs"
+msgstr "不输出二进制差异"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1216
+msgid "don't include a patch matching a commit upstream"
+msgstr "不包含已在上游提交中的补丁"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1218
+msgid "show patch format instead of default (patch + stat)"
+msgstr "显示纯补丁格式而非默认的（补丁+状态）"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1220
+msgid "Messaging"
+msgstr "邮件发送"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1221
+msgid "header"
+msgstr "header"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1222
+msgid "add email header"
+msgstr "添加邮件头"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223 builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "email"
+msgstr "邮件地址"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1223
+msgid "add To: header"
+msgstr "添加收件人"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1225
+msgid "add Cc: header"
+msgstr "添加抄送"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1227
+msgid "ident"
+msgstr "标识"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1228
+msgid "set From address to <ident> (or committer ident if absent)"
+msgstr "将 From 地址设置为 <标识>（如若不提供，则用提交者ID做为地址）"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1230
+msgid "message-id"
+msgstr "邮件标识"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1231
+msgid "make first mail a reply to <message-id>"
+msgstr "使第一封邮件作为对 <邮件标识> 的回复"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1232 builtin/log.c:1235
+msgid "boundary"
+msgstr "边界"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1233
+msgid "attach the patch"
+msgstr "附件方式添加补丁"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1236
+msgid "inline the patch"
+msgstr "内联显示补丁"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1240
+msgid "enable message threading, styles: shallow, deep"
+msgstr "启用邮件线索，风格：浅，深"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1242
+msgid "signature"
+msgstr "签名"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1243
+msgid "add a signature"
+msgstr "添加一个签名"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1245
+msgid "add a signature from a file"
+msgstr "从文件添加一个签名"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1246
+msgid "don't print the patch filenames"
+msgstr "不要打印补丁文件名"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid ident line: %s"
+msgstr "包含无效的身份标识：%s"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1335
 msgid "-n and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "-n 和 -k 互斥。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1216
+#: builtin/log.c:1337
 msgid "--subject-prefix and -k are mutually exclusive."
 msgstr "--subject-prefix 和 -k 互斥。"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1221 builtin/shortlog.c:284
-#, c-format
-msgid "unrecognized argument: %s"
-msgstr "未识别的参数：%s"
-
-#: builtin/log.c:1224
+#: builtin/log.c:1345
 msgid "--name-only does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-only 无意义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1226
+#: builtin/log.c:1347
 msgid "--name-status does not make sense"
 msgstr "--name-status 无意义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1228
+#: builtin/log.c:1349
 msgid "--check does not make sense"
 msgstr "--check 无意义"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1251
+#: builtin/log.c:1372
 msgid "standard output, or directory, which one?"
 msgstr "标准输出或目录，哪一个？"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1253
+#: builtin/log.c:1374
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not create directory '%s'"
-msgstr "无法创建目录 '%s'"
+msgstr "不能创建目录 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1406
+#: builtin/log.c:1472
+#, c-format
+msgid "unable to read signature file '%s'"
+msgstr "无法读取签名文件 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1535
 msgid "Failed to create output files"
 msgstr "无法创建输出文件"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1510
+#: builtin/log.c:1583
+msgid "git cherry [-v] [<upstream> [<head> [<limit>]]]"
+msgstr "git cherry [-v] [<上游> [<头> [<限制>]]]"
+
+#: builtin/log.c:1638
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not find a tracked remote branch, please specify <upstream> manually.\n"
-msgstr "无法找到跟踪的远程分支，请手工提供 <upstream>。\n"
+msgstr "不能找到跟踪的远程分支，请手工指定 <上游>。\n"
 
-#: builtin/log.c:1526 builtin/log.c:1528 builtin/log.c:1540
+#: builtin/log.c:1651 builtin/log.c:1653 builtin/log.c:1665
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown commit %s"
 msgstr "未知提交 %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:91
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:358
+msgid "git ls-files [<options>] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-files [<选项>] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:415
+msgid "identify the file status with tags"
+msgstr "用标签标识文件的状态"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:417
+msgid "use lowercase letters for 'assume unchanged' files"
+msgstr "使用小写字母表示 '假设未改变的' 文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:419
+msgid "show cached files in the output (default)"
+msgstr "显示缓存的文件（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:421
+msgid "show deleted files in the output"
+msgstr "显示已删除的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:423
+msgid "show modified files in the output"
+msgstr "显示已修改的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:425
+msgid "show other files in the output"
+msgstr "显示其它文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:427
+msgid "show ignored files in the output"
+msgstr "显示忽略的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:430
+msgid "show staged contents' object name in the output"
+msgstr "显示暂存区内容的对象名称"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:432
+msgid "show files on the filesystem that need to be removed"
+msgstr "显示文件系统需要删除的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:434
+msgid "show 'other' directories' names only"
+msgstr "只显示“其他”目录的名称"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:437
+msgid "don't show empty directories"
+msgstr "不显示空目录"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:440
+msgid "show unmerged files in the output"
+msgstr "显示未合并的文件"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:442
+msgid "show resolve-undo information"
+msgstr "显示 resolve-undo 信息"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:444
+msgid "skip files matching pattern"
+msgstr "匹配排除文件的模式"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:447
+msgid "exclude patterns are read from <file>"
+msgstr "从 <文件> 中读取排除模式"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:450
+msgid "read additional per-directory exclude patterns in <file>"
+msgstr "从 <文件> 读取额外的每个目录的排除模式"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:452
+msgid "add the standard git exclusions"
+msgstr "添加标准的 git 排除"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:455
+msgid "make the output relative to the project top directory"
+msgstr "显示相对于顶级目录的文件名"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:458
+msgid "if any <file> is not in the index, treat this as an error"
+msgstr "如果任何 <文件> 都不在索引区，视为错误"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:459
+msgid "tree-ish"
+msgstr "树或提交"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:460
+msgid "pretend that paths removed since <tree-ish> are still present"
+msgstr "假装自从 <树或提交> 之后删除的路径仍然存在"
+
+#: builtin/ls-files.c:462
+msgid "show debugging data"
+msgstr "显示调试数据"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:28
+msgid "git ls-tree [<options>] <tree-ish> [<path>...]"
+msgstr "git ls-tree [<选项>] <树或提交> [<路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:127
+msgid "only show trees"
+msgstr "只显示树"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:129
+msgid "recurse into subtrees"
+msgstr "递归到子树"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:131
+msgid "show trees when recursing"
+msgstr "当递归时显示树"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:134
+msgid "terminate entries with NUL byte"
+msgstr "条目以NUL字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:135
+msgid "include object size"
+msgstr "包括对象大小"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:137 builtin/ls-tree.c:139
+msgid "list only filenames"
+msgstr "只列出文件名"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:142
+msgid "use full path names"
+msgstr "使用文件的全路径"
+
+#: builtin/ls-tree.c:144
+msgid "list entire tree; not just current directory (implies --full-name)"
+msgstr "列出整个树；不仅仅当前目录（隐含 --full-name）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:45
+msgid "git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]"
+msgstr "git merge [<选项>] [<提交>...]"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:46
+msgid "git merge [<options>] <msg> HEAD <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge [<选项>] <说明> HEAD <提交>"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:47
+msgid "git merge --abort"
+msgstr "git merge --abort"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:100
 msgid "switch `m' requires a value"
 msgstr "开关 `m' 需要一个值"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:128
+#: builtin/merge.c:137
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not find merge strategy '%s'.\n"
-msgstr "无法找到合并策略 '%s'。\n"
+msgstr "不能找到合并策略 '%s'。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:129
+#: builtin/merge.c:138
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available strategies are:"
 msgstr "可用的策略有："
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:134
+#: builtin/merge.c:143
 #, c-format
 msgid "Available custom strategies are:"
 msgstr "可用的自定义策略有："
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:241
+#: builtin/merge.c:193
+msgid "do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "在合并的最后不显示差异统计"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:196
+msgid "show a diffstat at the end of the merge"
+msgstr "在合并的最后显示差异统计"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:197
+msgid "(synonym to --stat)"
+msgstr "（和 --stat 同义）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:199
+msgid "add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message"
+msgstr "在合并提交信息中添加（最多 <n> 条）精简提交记录"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:202
+msgid "create a single commit instead of doing a merge"
+msgstr "创建一个单独的提交而不是做一次合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:204
+msgid "perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)"
+msgstr "如果合并成功，执行一次提交（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:206
+msgid "edit message before committing"
+msgstr "在提交前编辑提交说明"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:207
+msgid "allow fast-forward (default)"
+msgstr "允许快进（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:209
+msgid "abort if fast-forward is not possible"
+msgstr "如果不能快进就放弃合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:213
+msgid "Verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature"
+msgstr "验证指定的提交是否包含一个有效的 GPG 签名"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:214 builtin/notes.c:753 builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "strategy"
+msgstr "策略"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:215
+msgid "merge strategy to use"
+msgstr "要使用的合并策略"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:216
+msgid "option=value"
+msgstr "option=value"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:217
+msgid "option for selected merge strategy"
+msgstr "所选的合并策略的选项"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:219
+msgid "merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)"
+msgstr "合并的提交说明（针对非快进式合并）"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:223
+msgid "abort the current in-progress merge"
+msgstr "放弃当前正在进行的合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:251
 msgid "could not run stash."
 msgstr "不能进行进度保存。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:246
+#: builtin/merge.c:256
 msgid "stash failed"
 msgstr "进度保存失败"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:251
+#: builtin/merge.c:261
 #, c-format
 msgid "not a valid object: %s"
 msgstr "不是一个有效对象：%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:270 builtin/merge.c:287
+#: builtin/merge.c:280 builtin/merge.c:297
 msgid "read-tree failed"
 msgstr "读取树失败"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: builtin/merge.c:317
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: builtin/merge.c:327
 msgid " (nothing to squash)"
 msgstr " （无可压缩）"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:330
+#: builtin/merge.c:340
 #, c-format
 msgid "Squash commit -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "压缩提交 -- 未更新 HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:362
+#: builtin/merge.c:372
 msgid "Writing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "写入 SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:364
+#: builtin/merge.c:374
 msgid "Finishing SQUASH_MSG"
 msgstr "完成 SQUASH_MSG"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:386
+#: builtin/merge.c:397
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge message -- not updating HEAD\n"
 msgstr "无合并信息 -- 未更新 HEAD\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:435
+#: builtin/merge.c:447
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' does not point to a commit"
 msgstr "'%s' 没有指向一个提交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:534
+#: builtin/merge.c:559
 #, c-format
 msgid "Bad branch.%s.mergeoptions string: %s"
-msgstr "错的 branch.%s.mergeoptions 字串：%s"
+msgstr "坏的 branch.%s.mergeoptions 字符串：%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:627
+#: builtin/merge.c:654
 msgid "git write-tree failed to write a tree"
 msgstr "git write-tree 无法写入一树对象"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:677
-msgid "failed to read the cache"
-msgstr "无法读取缓存"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:694
-msgid "Unable to write index."
-msgstr "不能写暂存区。"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:707
+#: builtin/merge.c:678
 msgid "Not handling anything other than two heads merge."
 msgstr "不能处理两个头合并之外的任何操作。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:721
+#: builtin/merge.c:692
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown option for merge-recursive: -X%s"
 msgstr "merge-recursive 的未知选项：-X%s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:735
+#: builtin/merge.c:705
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to write %s"
 msgstr "不能写 %s"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:874
+#: builtin/merge.c:794
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not read from '%s'"
 msgstr "不能从 '%s' 读取"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:883
+#: builtin/merge.c:803
 #, c-format
 msgid "Not committing merge; use 'git commit' to complete the merge.\n"
 msgstr "未提交合并，使用 'git commit' 完成此次合并。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:889
+#: builtin/merge.c:809
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Please enter a commit message to explain why this merge is necessary,\n"
 "especially if it merges an updated upstream into a topic branch.\n"
 "\n"
-"Lines starting with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts\n"
 "the commit.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "请输入一个提交信息以解释此合并的必要性，尤其是将一个更新后的上游分支\n"
 "合并到主题分支。\n"
 "\n"
-"以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略，而且空提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被忽略，而且空提交说明将会终止提交。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:913
+#: builtin/merge.c:833
 msgid "Empty commit message."
 msgstr "空提交信息。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:925
+#: builtin/merge.c:845
 #, c-format
 msgid "Wonderful.\n"
 msgstr "太棒了。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:998
+#: builtin/merge.c:900
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.\n"
 msgstr "自动合并失败，修正冲突然后提交修正的结果。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1014
+#: builtin/merge.c:916
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a commit"
 msgstr "'%s' 不是一个提交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1055
+#: builtin/merge.c:957
 msgid "No current branch."
-msgstr "当前不在分支上。"
+msgstr "没有当前分支。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1057
+#: builtin/merge.c:959
 msgid "No remote for the current branch."
-msgstr "当前分支没有远程版本库。"
+msgstr "当前分支没有对应的远程版本库。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1059
+#: builtin/merge.c:961
 msgid "No default upstream defined for the current branch."
-msgstr "当前分支未定义默认上游分支。"
+msgstr "当前分支没有定义默认的上游分支。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1064
+#: builtin/merge.c:966
 #, c-format
-msgid "No remote tracking branch for %s from %s"
-msgstr "%s 没有来自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
+msgid "No remote-tracking branch for %s from %s"
+msgstr "对于 %s 没有来自 %s 的远程跟踪分支"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1186
+#: builtin/merge.c:1122
 msgid "There is no merge to abort (MERGE_HEAD missing)."
-msgstr "没有要终止的合并（MERGE_HEAD 丢失）"
+msgstr "没有要终止的合并（MERGE_HEAD 丢失）。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1202 git-pull.sh:31
+#: builtin/merge.c:1138
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
-"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
 msgstr ""
 "您尚未结束您的合并（存在 MERGE_HEAD）。\n"
-"请先提交您的修改，您才能合并。"
+"请在合并前先提交您的修改。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1205 git-pull.sh:34
+#: builtin/merge.c:1141 git-pull.sh:34
 msgid "You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "您尚未结束您的合并（存在 MERGE_HEAD）。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1209
+#: builtin/merge.c:1145
 msgid ""
 "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists).\n"
-"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+"Please, commit your changes before you merge."
 msgstr ""
 "您尚未结束您的拣选（存在 CHERRY_PICK_HEAD）。\n"
-"请先提交您的修改，您才能合并。"
+"请在合并前先提交您的修改。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1212
+#: builtin/merge.c:1148
 msgid "You have not concluded your cherry-pick (CHERRY_PICK_HEAD exists)."
 msgstr "您尚未结束您的拣选（存在 CHERRY_PICK_HEAD）。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1221
+#: builtin/merge.c:1157
 msgid "You cannot combine --squash with --no-ff."
-msgstr "您不能将 --squash 与 --no-ff 共用。"
-
-#: builtin/merge.c:1226
-msgid "You cannot combine --no-ff with --ff-only."
-msgstr "您不能将 --no-ff 与 --ff-only 共用。"
+msgstr "您不能将 --squash 与 --no-ff 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1233
+#: builtin/merge.c:1166
 msgid "No commit specified and merge.defaultToUpstream not set."
-msgstr "未指出提交并且 merge.defaultToUpstream 未设置。"
+msgstr "未指定提交并且 merge.defaultToUpstream 未设置。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1264
+#: builtin/merge.c:1198
 msgid "Can merge only exactly one commit into empty head"
-msgstr "只可将一个提交合并到空分支上"
+msgstr "只能将一个提交合并到空分支上"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1267
+#: builtin/merge.c:1201
 msgid "Squash commit into empty head not supported yet"
 msgstr "尚不支持到空分支的压缩提交"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1269
+#: builtin/merge.c:1203
 msgid "Non-fast-forward commit does not make sense into an empty head"
 msgstr "到空分支的非快进式提交没有意义"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1273 builtin/merge.c:1317
+#: builtin/merge.c:1208
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s - not something we can merge"
-msgstr "%s - 不是我们可以合并的东西"
+msgstr "%s - 不能被合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1259
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has an untrusted GPG signature, allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "提交 %s 有一个非可信的声称来自 %s 的 GPG 签名。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1262
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a bad GPG signature allegedly by %s."
+msgstr "提交 %s 有一个错误的声称来自 %s 的 GPG 签名。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1265
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s does not have a GPG signature."
+msgstr "提交 %s 没有一个 GPG 签名。"
+
+#: builtin/merge.c:1268
+#, c-format
+msgid "Commit %s has a good GPG signature by %s\n"
+msgstr "提交 %s 有一个来自 %s 的好的 GPG 签名。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1383
+#: builtin/merge.c:1349
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updating %s..%s\n"
 msgstr "更新 %s..%s\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1421
+#: builtin/merge.c:1388
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying really trivial in-index merge...\n"
-msgstr "尝试非常小的暂存区内合并...\n"
+msgstr "尝试非常小的索引内合并...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1428
+#: builtin/merge.c:1395
 #, c-format
 msgid "Nope.\n"
 msgstr "无。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1460
+#: builtin/merge.c:1427
 msgid "Not possible to fast-forward, aborting."
-msgstr "不可能快进式，终止。"
+msgstr "无法快进，终止。"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1483 builtin/merge.c:1560
+#: builtin/merge.c:1450 builtin/merge.c:1529
 #, c-format
 msgid "Rewinding the tree to pristine...\n"
 msgstr "将树回滚至原始状态...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1487
+#: builtin/merge.c:1454
 #, c-format
 msgid "Trying merge strategy %s...\n"
 msgstr "尝试合并策略 %s...\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1551
+#: builtin/merge.c:1520
 #, c-format
 msgid "No merge strategy handled the merge.\n"
 msgstr "没有合并策略处理此合并。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1553
+#: builtin/merge.c:1522
 #, c-format
 msgid "Merge with strategy %s failed.\n"
 msgstr "使用策略 %s 合并失败。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1562
+#: builtin/merge.c:1531
 #, c-format
 msgid "Using the %s to prepare resolving by hand.\n"
 msgstr "使用 %s 以准备手工解决。\n"
 
-#: builtin/merge.c:1573
+#: builtin/merge.c:1543
 #, c-format
 msgid "Automatic merge went well; stopped before committing as requested\n"
 msgstr "自动合并进展顺利，按要求在提交前停止\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:108
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:29
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] <commit> <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] <提交> <提交>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:30
+msgid "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base [-a | --all] --octopus <提交>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:31
+msgid "git merge-base --independent <commit>..."
+msgstr "git merge-base --independent <提交>..."
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:32
+msgid "git merge-base --is-ancestor <commit> <commit>"
+msgstr "git merge-base --is-ancestor <提交> <提交>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:33
+msgid "git merge-base --fork-point <ref> [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git merge-base --fork-point <引用> [<提交>]"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:214
+msgid "output all common ancestors"
+msgstr "输出所有共同的祖先"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:216
+msgid "find ancestors for a single n-way merge"
+msgstr "查找一个多路合并的祖先提交"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:218
+msgid "list revs not reachable from others"
+msgstr "显示不能被其他访问到的版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:220
+msgid "is the first one ancestor of the other?"
+msgstr "第一个是其他的祖先提交么？"
+
+#: builtin/merge-base.c:222
+msgid "find where <commit> forked from reflog of <ref>"
+msgstr "查找 <提交> 从<引用>日志的何处分支的"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:8
+msgid ""
+"git merge-file [<options>] [-L <name1> [-L <orig> [-L <name2>]]] <file1> "
+"<orig-file> <file2>"
+msgstr ""
+"git merge-file [<选项>] [-L <文件1> [-L <初始> [-L <名字2>]]] <文件1> <初始文"
+"件> <文件2>"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:33
+msgid "send results to standard output"
+msgstr "将结果发送到标准输出"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:34
+msgid "use a diff3 based merge"
+msgstr "使用基于 diff3 的合并"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:35
+msgid "for conflicts, use our version"
+msgstr "如果冲突，使用我们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:37
+msgid "for conflicts, use their version"
+msgstr "如果冲突，使用他们的版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:39
+msgid "for conflicts, use a union version"
+msgstr "如果冲突，使用联合版本"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:42
+msgid "for conflicts, use this marker size"
+msgstr "如果冲突，使用指定长度的标记"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:43
+msgid "do not warn about conflicts"
+msgstr "不要警告冲突"
+
+#: builtin/merge-file.c:45
+msgid "set labels for file1/orig-file/file2"
+msgstr "为 文件1/初始文件/文件2 设置标签"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:64
+msgid "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+msgstr "git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:150
+msgid "input is NUL terminated"
+msgstr "输入以 NUL 字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:151 builtin/write-tree.c:24
+msgid "allow missing objects"
+msgstr "允许丢失的对象"
+
+#: builtin/mktree.c:152
+msgid "allow creation of more than one tree"
+msgstr "允许创建一个以上的树"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:15
+msgid "git mv [<options>] <source>... <destination>"
+msgstr "git mv [<选项>] <源>... <目标>"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:69
+#, c-format
+msgid "Directory %s is in index and no submodule?"
+msgstr "目录 %s 在索引中并且不是子模组？"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:71
+msgid "Please stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr "请将您的修改缓存到 .gitmodules 中或保存进度后再继续"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "%.*s is in index"
+msgstr "%.*s 在索引中"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:111
+msgid "force move/rename even if target exists"
+msgstr "强制移动/重命令，即使目标存在"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:112
+msgid "skip move/rename errors"
+msgstr "跳过移动/重命名错误"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:151
+#, c-format
+msgid "destination '%s' is not a directory"
+msgstr "目标 '%s' 不是一个目录"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:162
 #, c-format
 msgid "Checking rename of '%s' to '%s'\n"
 msgstr "检查 '%s' 到 '%s' 的重命名\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:112
+#: builtin/mv.c:166
 msgid "bad source"
 msgstr "坏的源"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:115
+#: builtin/mv.c:169
 msgid "can not move directory into itself"
 msgstr "不能将目录移动到自身"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:118
+#: builtin/mv.c:172
 msgid "cannot move directory over file"
 msgstr "不能将目录移动到文件"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:128
-#, c-format
-msgid "Huh? %.*s is in index?"
-msgstr "嗯？%.*s 在暂存区中？"
-
-#: builtin/mv.c:140
+#: builtin/mv.c:181
 msgid "source directory is empty"
 msgstr "源目录为空"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:171
+#: builtin/mv.c:206
 msgid "not under version control"
 msgstr "不在版本控制之下"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:173
+#: builtin/mv.c:209
 msgid "destination exists"
 msgstr "目标已存在"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:181
+#: builtin/mv.c:217
 #, c-format
 msgid "overwriting '%s'"
 msgstr "覆盖 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:184
+#: builtin/mv.c:220
 msgid "Cannot overwrite"
 msgstr "不能覆盖"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:187
+#: builtin/mv.c:223
 msgid "multiple sources for the same target"
 msgstr "同一目标具有多个源"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:202
+#: builtin/mv.c:225
+msgid "destination directory does not exist"
+msgstr "目标目录不存在"
+
+#: builtin/mv.c:232
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s, source=%s, destination=%s"
 msgstr "%s，源=%s，目标=%s"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:212
+#: builtin/mv.c:253
 #, c-format
 msgid "Renaming %s to %s\n"
 msgstr "重命名 %s 至 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/mv.c:215
+#: builtin/mv.c:256 builtin/remote.c:728 builtin/repack.c:359
 #, c-format
 msgid "renaming '%s' failed"
 msgstr "重命名 '%s' 失败"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:139
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:255
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git name-rev [<选项>] <提交>..."
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:256
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --all"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<选项>] --all"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:257
+msgid "git name-rev [<options>] --stdin"
+msgstr "git name-rev [<选项>] --stdin"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:309
+msgid "print only names (no SHA-1)"
+msgstr "只打印名称（无 SHA-1）"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:310
+msgid "only use tags to name the commits"
+msgstr "只使用 tags 来命名提交"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:312
+msgid "only use refs matching <pattern>"
+msgstr "只使用和 <模式> 相匹配的引用"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:314
+msgid "list all commits reachable from all refs"
+msgstr "列出可以从所有引用访问的提交"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:315
+msgid "read from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:316
+msgid "allow to print `undefined` names (default)"
+msgstr "允许打印 `未定义` 的名称（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/name-rev.c:322
+msgid "dereference tags in the input (internal use)"
+msgstr "反向解析输入中的 tags（内部使用）"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:24
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] [list [<对象>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:25
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> "
+"| (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <注解引用>] add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-m <说明> | -F <文件> "
+"| (-c | -C) <对象>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:26
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] copy [-f] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] copy [-f] <源对象> <目标对象>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:27
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <msg> | -F <file> | "
+"(-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git notes [--ref <注解引用>] append [--allow-empty] [-m <说明> | -F <文件> | "
+"(-c | -C) <对象>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:28
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] edit [--allow-empty] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:29
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] show [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:30
+msgid ""
+"git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] merge [-v | -q] [-s <策略> ] <注解引用>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:31
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:32
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [-v | -q]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:33
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] remove [<object>...]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] remove [<对象>...]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:34
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] prune [-n | -v]"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] prune [-n | -v]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:35
+msgid "git notes [--ref <notes-ref>] get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes [--ref <注解引用>] get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:40
+msgid "git notes [list [<object>]]"
+msgstr "git notes [list [<对象>]]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:45
+msgid "git notes add [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes add [<选项>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:50
+msgid "git notes copy [<options>] <from-object> <to-object>"
+msgstr "git notes copy [<选项>] <源对象> <目标对象>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:51
+msgid "git notes copy --stdin [<from-object> <to-object>]..."
+msgstr "git notes copy --stdin [<源对象> <目标对象>]..."
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:56
+msgid "git notes append [<options>] [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes append [<选项>] [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:61
+msgid "git notes edit [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes edit [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:66
+msgid "git notes show [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes show [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:71
+msgid "git notes merge [<options>] <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "git notes merge [<选项>] <注解引用>"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:72
+msgid "git notes merge --commit [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --commit [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:73
+msgid "git notes merge --abort [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes merge --abort [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:78
+msgid "git notes remove [<object>]"
+msgstr "git notes remove [<对象>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:83
+msgid "git notes prune [<options>]"
+msgstr "git notes prune [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:88
+msgid "git notes get-ref"
+msgstr "git notes get-ref"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:146
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to start 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "不能为对象 '%s' 开始 'show'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:145
-msgid "can't fdopen 'show' output fd"
-msgstr "不能打开 'show' 输出文件句柄"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:155
-#, c-format
-msgid "failed to close pipe to 'show' for object '%s'"
-msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 的 'show' 关闭管道"
+#: builtin/notes.c:150
+msgid "could not read 'show' output"
+msgstr "不能读取 'show' 的输出"
 
 #: builtin/notes.c:158
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to finish 'show' for object '%s'"
 msgstr "无法为对象 '%s' 完成 'show'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:175 builtin/tag.c:343
+#: builtin/notes.c:173 builtin/tag.c:477
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not create file '%s'"
 msgstr "不能创建文件 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:189
+#: builtin/notes.c:192
 msgid "Please supply the note contents using either -m or -F option"
 msgstr "请通过 -m 或 -F 选项为注解提供内容"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:210 builtin/notes.c:973
-#, c-format
-msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
-msgstr "删除对象 %s 的注解\n"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:215
+#: builtin/notes.c:201
 msgid "unable to write note object"
 msgstr "不能写注解对象"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:217
+#: builtin/notes.c:203
 #, c-format
-msgid "The note contents has been left in %s"
-msgstr "注解内容被留在文件 %s 中"
+msgid "The note contents have been left in %s"
+msgstr "注解内容被留在 %s 中"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:251 builtin/tag.c:521
+#: builtin/notes.c:231 builtin/tag.c:693
 #, c-format
 msgid "cannot read '%s'"
 msgstr "不能读取 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:253 builtin/tag.c:524
+#: builtin/notes.c:233 builtin/tag.c:696
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not open or read '%s'"
 msgstr "不能打开或读取 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:272 builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:447
-#: builtin/notes.c:507 builtin/notes.c:561 builtin/notes.c:644
-#: builtin/notes.c:649 builtin/notes.c:724 builtin/notes.c:766
-#: builtin/notes.c:968 builtin/reset.c:293 builtin/tag.c:537
+#: builtin/notes.c:252 builtin/notes.c:303 builtin/notes.c:305
+#: builtin/notes.c:365 builtin/notes.c:420 builtin/notes.c:506
+#: builtin/notes.c:511 builtin/notes.c:589 builtin/notes.c:652
+#: builtin/notes.c:854 builtin/tag.c:709
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."
-msgstr "无法解析 '%s' 为一个有效引用"
+msgstr "无法解析 '%s' 为一个有效引用。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:275
+#: builtin/notes.c:255
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to read object '%s'."
 msgstr "无法读取对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:299
-msgid "Cannot commit uninitialized/unreferenced notes tree"
-msgstr "不能提交未初始化/未引用的注解树"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:340
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad notes.rewriteMode value: '%s'"
-msgstr "错误的 notes.rewriteMode 值：'%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:350
+#: builtin/notes.c:259
 #, c-format
-msgid "Refusing to rewrite notes in %s (outside of refs/notes/)"
-msgstr "拒绝向 %s（在 refs/notes/ 之外）写入注解"
+msgid "Cannot read note data from non-blob object '%s'."
+msgstr "不能从非数据对象 '%s' 中读取注解数据"
 
-#. TRANSLATORS: The first %s is the name of the
-#. environment variable, the second %s is its value
-#: builtin/notes.c:377
-#, c-format
-msgid "Bad %s value: '%s'"
-msgstr "错误的 %s 值：'%s'"
-
-#: builtin/notes.c:441
+#: builtin/notes.c:299
 #, c-format
 msgid "Malformed input line: '%s'."
 msgstr "非法的输入行：'%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:456
+#: builtin/notes.c:314
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"
-msgstr "无法从 '%s' 拷贝注解到 '%s'"
+msgstr "无法从 '%s' 到 '%s' 拷贝注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:500 builtin/notes.c:554 builtin/notes.c:627
-#: builtin/notes.c:639 builtin/notes.c:712 builtin/notes.c:759
-#: builtin/notes.c:1033
+#: builtin/notes.c:358 builtin/notes.c:413 builtin/notes.c:489
+#: builtin/notes.c:501 builtin/notes.c:577 builtin/notes.c:645
+#: builtin/notes.c:919
 msgid "too many parameters"
 msgstr "参数太多"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:513 builtin/notes.c:772
+#: builtin/notes.c:371 builtin/notes.c:658
 #, c-format
 msgid "No note found for object %s."
 msgstr "未发现对象 %s 的注解。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:580
+#: builtin/notes.c:392 builtin/notes.c:555
+msgid "note contents as a string"
+msgstr "注解内容作为一个字符串"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:395 builtin/notes.c:558
+msgid "note contents in a file"
+msgstr "注解内容到一个文件中"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:397 builtin/notes.c:400 builtin/notes.c:560
+#: builtin/notes.c:563 builtin/tag.c:628
+msgid "object"
+msgstr "对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:398 builtin/notes.c:561
+msgid "reuse and edit specified note object"
+msgstr "重用和编辑指定的注解对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:401 builtin/notes.c:564
+msgid "reuse specified note object"
+msgstr "重用指定的注解对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:404 builtin/notes.c:567
+msgid "allow storing empty note"
+msgstr "允许保存空白注释"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:405 builtin/notes.c:476
+msgid "replace existing notes"
+msgstr "替换已存在的注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:430
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot add notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr "不能添加注解。发现对象 %s 已存在注解。使用 '-f' 覆盖现存注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:585 builtin/notes.c:662
+#: builtin/notes.c:445 builtin/notes.c:524
 #, c-format
 msgid "Overwriting existing notes for object %s\n"
 msgstr "覆盖对象 %s 现存注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:635
+#: builtin/notes.c:456 builtin/notes.c:617 builtin/notes.c:859
+#, c-format
+msgid "Removing note for object %s\n"
+msgstr "删除对象 %s 的注解\n"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:477
+msgid "read objects from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取对象"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:479
+msgid "load rewriting config for <command> (implies --stdin)"
+msgstr "重新加载 <命令> 的配置（隐含 --stdin）"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:497
 msgid "too few parameters"
 msgstr "参数太少"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:656
+#: builtin/notes.c:518
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "Cannot copy notes. Found existing notes for object %s. Use '-f' to overwrite "
 "existing notes"
 msgstr "不能拷贝注解。发现对象 %s 已存在注解。使用 '-f' 覆盖现存注解"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:668
+#: builtin/notes.c:530
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing notes on source object %s. Cannot copy."
 msgstr "源对象 %s 缺少注解。不能拷贝。"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:717
+#: builtin/notes.c:582
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The -m/-F/-c/-C options have been deprecated for the 'edit' subcommand.\n"
 "Please use 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C' instead.\n"
 msgstr ""
-"选项 -m/-F/-c/-C 已为 'edit' 子命令废弃。\n"
+"子命令 'edit' 的选项 -m/-F/-c/-C 已弃用。\n"
 "请换用 'git notes add -f -m/-F/-c/-C'。\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:971
+#: builtin/notes.c:750
+msgid "General options"
+msgstr "通用选项"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:752
+msgid "Merge options"
+msgstr "合并选项"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:754
+msgid ""
+"resolve notes conflicts using the given strategy (manual/ours/theirs/union/"
+"cat_sort_uniq)"
+msgstr "使用指定的策略解决注解冲突 (manual/ours/theirs/union/cat_sort_uniq)"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:756
+msgid "Committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "提交未合并的注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:758
+msgid "finalize notes merge by committing unmerged notes"
+msgstr "通过提交未合并的注解来完成注解合并"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:760
+msgid "Aborting notes merge resolution"
+msgstr "中止注解合并的方案"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:762
+msgid "abort notes merge"
+msgstr "中止注解合并"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:857
 #, c-format
 msgid "Object %s has no note\n"
 msgstr "对象 %s 没有注解\n"
 
-#: builtin/notes.c:1103
+#: builtin/notes.c:869
+msgid "attempt to remove non-existent note is not an error"
+msgstr "尝试删除不存在的注解不是一个错误"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:872
+msgid "read object names from the standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取对象名称"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:953
+msgid "notes-ref"
+msgstr "注解引用"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:954
+msgid "use notes from <notes-ref>"
+msgstr "从 <注解引用> 使用注解"
+
+#: builtin/notes.c:989 builtin/remote.c:1621
 #, c-format
 msgid "Unknown subcommand: %s"
 msgstr "未知子命令：%s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2310
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:28
+msgid "git pack-objects --stdout [options...] [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects --stdout [选项...] [< 引用列表 | < 对象列表]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:29
+msgid "git pack-objects [options...] base-name [< ref-list | < object-list]"
+msgstr "git pack-objects [选项...] base-name [< 引用列表 | < 对象列表]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:175 builtin/pack-objects.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "deflate error (%d)"
+msgstr "压缩错误 (%d)"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:771
+msgid "Writing objects"
+msgstr "写入对象中"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:1013
+msgid "disabling bitmap writing, as some objects are not being packed"
+msgstr "禁用 bitmap 写入，因为一些对象将不会被打包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2173
+msgid "Compressing objects"
+msgstr "压缩对象中"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2570
 #, c-format
 msgid "unsupported index version %s"
-msgstr "不支持的暂存区版本 %s"
+msgstr "不支持的索引版本 %s"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2314
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2574
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad index version '%s'"
-msgstr "错误的暂存区版本 '%s'"
+msgstr "坏的索引版本 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2322
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2597
 #, c-format
 msgid "option %s does not accept negative form"
-msgstr "选项 '%s' 不接受否定格式"
+msgstr "选项 %s 不接受否定格式"
 
-#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2326
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2601
 #, c-format
 msgid "unable to parse value '%s' for option %s"
-msgstr "不能解析值 '%s' 针对于选项 %s"
+msgstr "不能解析选项 %1$s 的值 '%2$s'"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2621
+msgid "do not show progress meter"
+msgstr "不显示进度表"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2623
+msgid "show progress meter"
+msgstr "显示进度表"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2625
+msgid "show progress meter during object writing phase"
+msgstr "在对象写入阶段显示进度表"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2628
+msgid "similar to --all-progress when progress meter is shown"
+msgstr "当进度表显示时类似于 --all-progress"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2629
+msgid "version[,offset]"
+msgstr "版本[,偏移]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2630
+msgid "write the pack index file in the specified idx format version"
+msgstr "用指定的 idx 格式版本来写包索引文件"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2633
+msgid "maximum size of each output pack file"
+msgstr "每个输出包的最大尺寸"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2635
+msgid "ignore borrowed objects from alternate object store"
+msgstr "忽略从替代对象存储里借用对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2637
+msgid "ignore packed objects"
+msgstr "忽略包对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2639
+msgid "limit pack window by objects"
+msgstr "限制打包窗口的对象数"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2641
+msgid "limit pack window by memory in addition to object limit"
+msgstr "除对象数量限制外设置打包窗口的内存限制"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2643
+msgid "maximum length of delta chain allowed in the resulting pack"
+msgstr "打包允许的 delta 链的最大长度"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2645
+msgid "reuse existing deltas"
+msgstr "重用已存在的 deltas"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2647
+msgid "reuse existing objects"
+msgstr "重用已存在的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2649
+msgid "use OFS_DELTA objects"
+msgstr "使用 OFS_DELTA 对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2651
+msgid "use threads when searching for best delta matches"
+msgstr "使用线程查询最佳 delta 匹配"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2653
+msgid "do not create an empty pack output"
+msgstr "不创建空的包输出"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2655
+msgid "read revision arguments from standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取版本号参数"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2657
+msgid "limit the objects to those that are not yet packed"
+msgstr "限制那些尚未打包的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2660
+msgid "include objects reachable from any reference"
+msgstr "包括可以从任何引用访问到的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2663
+msgid "include objects referred by reflog entries"
+msgstr "包括被引用日志引用到的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2666
+msgid "include objects referred to by the index"
+msgstr "包括被索引引用到的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2669
+msgid "output pack to stdout"
+msgstr "输出包到标准输出"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2671
+msgid "include tag objects that refer to objects to be packed"
+msgstr "包括引用了打包对象的 tag"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:44
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2673
+msgid "keep unreachable objects"
+msgstr "维持不可达的对象"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2674 parse-options.h:140
+msgid "time"
+msgstr "时间"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2675
+msgid "unpack unreachable objects newer than <time>"
+msgstr "将比给定 <时间> 新的无法访问的对象解包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2678
+msgid "create thin packs"
+msgstr "创建精简包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2680
+msgid "create packs suitable for shallow fetches"
+msgstr "创建适合浅克隆版本库获取的包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2682
+msgid "ignore packs that have companion .keep file"
+msgstr "忽略配有 .keep 文件的包"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2684
+msgid "pack compression level"
+msgstr "打包压缩级别"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2686
+msgid "do not hide commits by grafts"
+msgstr "显示被嫁接隐藏的提交"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2688
+msgid "use a bitmap index if available to speed up counting objects"
+msgstr "使用 bitmap 索引（如果有的话）以提高对象计数时的速度"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2690
+msgid "write a bitmap index together with the pack index"
+msgstr "在建立包索引的同时创建 bitmap 索引"
+
+#: builtin/pack-objects.c:2781
+msgid "Counting objects"
+msgstr "对象计数中"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:6
+msgid "git pack-refs [<options>]"
+msgstr "git pack-refs [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:14
+msgid "pack everything"
+msgstr "打包一切"
+
+#: builtin/pack-refs.c:15
+msgid "prune loose refs (default)"
+msgstr "清除松散的引用（默认）"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:7
+msgid "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+msgstr "git prune-packed [-n | --dry-run] [-q | --quiet]"
+
+#: builtin/prune-packed.c:40
+msgid "Removing duplicate objects"
+msgstr "正在删除重复对象"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:12
+msgid "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <time>] [--] [<head>...]"
+msgstr "git prune [-n] [-v] [--expire <时间>] [--] [<头>...]"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:106
+msgid "do not remove, show only"
+msgstr "不删除，只显示"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:107
+msgid "report pruned objects"
+msgstr "报告清除的对象"
+
+#: builtin/prune.c:110
+msgid "expire objects older than <time>"
+msgstr "使早于给定时间的对象过期"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:14
+msgid "git push [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]"
+msgstr "git push [<选项>] [<版本库> [<引用规则>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:85
 msgid "tag shorthand without <tag>"
-msgstr "tag 简写没有跟 <tag> 参数"
+msgstr "tag 后面未提供 <标签> 参数"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:63
+#: builtin/push.c:95
 msgid "--delete only accepts plain target ref names"
-msgstr "--delete 只接受简单的引用名称"
+msgstr "--delete 只接受简单的目标引用名"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:139
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"To choose either option permanently, see push.default in 'git help config'."
+msgstr ""
+"\n"
+"为了永久地选择任一选项，参见 'git help config' 中的 push.default。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:73
+#: builtin/push.c:142
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"The upstream branch of your current branch does not match\n"
+"the name of your current branch.  To push to the upstream branch\n"
+"on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"To push to the branch of the same name on the remote, use\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+msgstr ""
+"如果您当前分支的上游分支和您当前分支名不匹配，为推送到远程的\n"
+"上游分支，使用\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:%s\n"
+"\n"
+"为推送至远程同名分支，使用\n"
+"\n"
+"    git push %s %s\n"
+"%s"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:157
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "You are not currently on a branch.\n"
@@ -2820,11 +8017,11 @@ msgid ""
 "    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
 msgstr ""
 "您当前不在一个分支上。\n"
-"现在为推送当前历史（分离头指针），使用\n"
+"现在为推送当前（分离头指针）的历史，使用\n"
 "\n"
-"    git push %s HEAD:<name-of-remote-branch>\n"
+"    git push %s HEAD:<远程分支名字>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:80
+#: builtin/push.c:171
 #, c-format
 msgid ""
 "The current branch %s has no upstream branch.\n"
@@ -2837,43 +8034,134 @@ msgstr ""
 "\n"
 "    git push --set-upstream %s %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:88
+#: builtin/push.c:179
 #, c-format
 msgid "The current branch %s has multiple upstream branches, refusing to push."
 msgstr "当前分支 %s 有多个上游分支，拒绝推送。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:111
+#: builtin/push.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"You are pushing to remote '%s', which is not the upstream of\n"
+"your current branch '%s', without telling me what to push\n"
+"to update which remote branch."
+msgstr ""
+"您正推送至远程 '%s'（其并非当前分支 '%s' 的上游），\n"
+"而没有告诉我要推送什么、更新哪个远程分支。"
+
+#  译者：字符串首行行首要添加“warning: ”字串，故此首行要较其余行短
+#: builtin/push.c:205
+msgid ""
+"push.default is unset; its implicit value has changed in\n"
+"Git 2.0 from 'matching' to 'simple'. To squelch this message\n"
+"and maintain the traditional behavior, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"To squelch this message and adopt the new behavior now, use:\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"When push.default is set to 'matching', git will push local branches\n"
+"to the remote branches that already exist with the same name.\n"
+"\n"
+"Since Git 2.0, Git defaults to the more conservative 'simple'\n"
+"behavior, which only pushes the current branch to the corresponding\n"
+"remote branch that 'git pull' uses to update the current branch.\n"
+"\n"
+"See 'git help config' and search for 'push.default' for further "
+"information.\n"
+"(the 'simple' mode was introduced in Git 1.7.11. Use the similar mode\n"
+"'current' instead of 'simple' if you sometimes use older versions of Git)"
+msgstr ""
+"push.default 尚未设置，它的默认值在 Git 2.0 已从 'matching'\n"
+"变更为 'simple'。若要不再显示本信息并保持传统习惯，进行如下设置：\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default matching\n"
+"\n"
+"若要不再显示本信息并从现在开始采用新的使用习惯，设置：\n"
+"\n"
+"  git config --global push.default simple\n"
+"\n"
+"当 push.default 设置为 'matching' 后，git 将推送和远程同名的所有\n"
+"本地分支。\n"
+"\n"
+"从 Git 2.0 开始，Git 缺省采用更为保守的 'simple' 模式，只推送当前\n"
+"分支到远程关联的同名分支，即 'git push' 推送当前分支。\n"
+"\n"
+"参见 'git help config' 并查找 'push.default' 以获取更多信息。\n"
+"（'simple' 模式由 Git 1.7.11 版本引入。如果您有时要使用老版本的 Git，\n"
+"为保持兼容，请用 'current' 代替 'simple'）"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:272
 msgid ""
 "You didn't specify any refspecs to push, and push.default is \"nothing\"."
-msgstr "您没有为推送提供任何引用表达式，并且 push.default 为 \"nothing\"。"
+msgstr "您没有为推送指定任何引用规则，并且 push.default 为 \"nothing\"。"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:131
+#: builtin/push.c:279
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the tip of your current branch is behind\n"
+"its remote counterpart. Integrate the remote changes (e.g.\n"
+"'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"更新被拒绝，因为您当前分支的最新提交落后于其对应的远程分支。\n"
+"再次推送前，先与远程变更合并（如 'git pull ...'）。详见\n"
+"'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' 小节。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:285
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because a pushed branch tip is behind its remote\n"
+"counterpart. Check out this branch and integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g. 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"更新被拒绝，因为推送的一个分支的最新提交落后于其对应的远程分支。\n"
+"检出该分支并整合远程变更（如 'git pull ...'），然后再推送。详见\n"
+"'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' 小节。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:291
+msgid ""
+"Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do\n"
+"not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing\n"
+"to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes\n"
+"(e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.\n"
+"See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details."
+msgstr ""
+"更新被拒绝，因为远程版本库包含您本地尚不存在的提交。这通常是因为另外\n"
+"一个版本库已向该引用进行了推送。再次推送前，您可能需要先整合远程变更\n"
+"（如 'git pull ...'）。\n"
+"详见 'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' 小节。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:298
+msgid "Updates were rejected because the tag already exists in the remote."
+msgstr "更新被拒绝因为 tag 在远程已经存在。"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:301
+msgid ""
+"You cannot update a remote ref that points at a non-commit object,\n"
+"or update a remote ref to make it point at a non-commit object,\n"
+"without using the '--force' option.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"如果不使用 '--force' 参数，您不能更新一个指向非提交对象的远程引用，\n"
+"也不能更新远程引用让其指向一个非提交对象。\n"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:360
 #, c-format
 msgid "Pushing to %s\n"
 msgstr "推送到 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:135
+#: builtin/push.c:364
 #, c-format
 msgid "failed to push some refs to '%s'"
 msgstr "无法推送一些引用到 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:143
-#, c-format
-msgid ""
-"To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected\n"
-"Merge the remote changes (e.g. 'git pull') before pushing again.  See the\n"
-"'Note about fast-forwards' section of 'git push --help' for details.\n"
-msgstr ""
-"为防止您丢失提交历史，禁止非快进式推送。\n"
-"再次推送前先与远程变更合并（如 'git pull'）。详见\n"
-"'git push --help' 中的 'Note about fast-forwards' 小节。\n"
-
-#: builtin/push.c:160
+#: builtin/push.c:394
 #, c-format
 msgid "bad repository '%s'"
-msgstr "错误的版本库 '%s'"
+msgstr "坏的版本库 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:161
+#: builtin/push.c:395
 msgid ""
 "No configured push destination.\n"
 "Either specify the URL from the command-line or configure a remote "
@@ -2885,398 +8173,2093 @@ msgid ""
 "\n"
 "    git push <name>\n"
 msgstr ""
-"未配置推送目标。\n"
-"或者通过命令行提供URL，或者用下面命令配置一个远程版本库\n"
+"没有配置推送目标。\n"
+"或通过命令行指定URL，或用下面命令配置一个远程版本库\n"
 "\n"
-"    git remote add <name> <url>\n"
+"    git remote add <名称> <地址>\n"
 "\n"
 "然后使用该远程版本库名执行推送\n"
 "\n"
-"    git push <name>\n"
+"    git push <名称>\n"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:176
+#: builtin/push.c:410
 msgid "--all and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all 和 --tags 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:177
+#: builtin/push.c:411
 msgid "--all can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--all 不能和引用表达式共用"
+msgstr "--all 不能和引用规则同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:182
+#: builtin/push.c:416
 msgid "--mirror and --tags are incompatible"
 msgstr "--mirror 和 --tags 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:183
+#: builtin/push.c:417
 msgid "--mirror can't be combined with refspecs"
-msgstr "--mirror 不能和引用表达式共用"
+msgstr "--mirror 不能和引用规则同时使用"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:188
+#: builtin/push.c:422
 msgid "--all and --mirror are incompatible"
 msgstr "--all 和 --mirror 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:274
+#: builtin/push.c:502
+msgid "repository"
+msgstr "版本库"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:503
+msgid "push all refs"
+msgstr "推送所有引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:504
+msgid "mirror all refs"
+msgstr "镜像所有引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:506
+msgid "delete refs"
+msgstr "删除引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:507
+msgid "push tags (can't be used with --all or --mirror)"
+msgstr "推送 tags（不能使用 --all or --mirror）"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:510
+msgid "force updates"
+msgstr "强制更新"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:512
+msgid "refname>:<expect"
+msgstr "引用名>:<期望值"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:513
+msgid "require old value of ref to be at this value"
+msgstr "要求引用旧的取值为设定值"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:516
+msgid "control recursive pushing of submodules"
+msgstr "控制子模组的递归推送"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:518
+msgid "use thin pack"
+msgstr "使用精简打包"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:519 builtin/push.c:520
+msgid "receive pack program"
+msgstr "接收包程序"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:521
+msgid "set upstream for git pull/status"
+msgstr "设置 git pull/status 的上游"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:524
+msgid "prune locally removed refs"
+msgstr "清除本地删除的引用"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:526
+msgid "bypass pre-push hook"
+msgstr "绕过 pre-push 钩子"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:527
+msgid "push missing but relevant tags"
+msgstr "推送缺失的有关的 tags"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:529
+msgid "GPG sign the push"
+msgstr "用 GPG 为推送签名"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:530
+msgid "request atomic transaction on remote side"
+msgstr "需要远端支持原子事务"
+
+#: builtin/push.c:539
 msgid "--delete is incompatible with --all, --mirror and --tags"
 msgstr "--delete 与 --all、--mirror 及 --tags 不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/push.c:276
+#: builtin/push.c:541
 msgid "--delete doesn't make sense without any refs"
 msgstr "--delete 未接任何引用没有意义"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:33
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:37
+msgid ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<prefix>] "
+"[-u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<file>] (--empty | <tree-ish1> [<tree-ish2> [<tree-ish3>]])"
+msgstr ""
+"git read-tree [[-m [--trivial] [--aggressive] | --reset | --prefix=<前缀>] [-"
+"u [--exclude-per-directory=<gitignore>] | -i]] [--no-sparse-checkout] [--"
+"index-output=<文件>] (--empty | <树或提交1> [<树或提交2> [<树或提交3>]])"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:110
+msgid "write resulting index to <file>"
+msgstr "将索引结果写入 <文件>"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:113
+msgid "only empty the index"
+msgstr "只是清空索引"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:115
+msgid "Merging"
+msgstr "合并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:117
+msgid "perform a merge in addition to a read"
+msgstr "读取之余再执行一个合并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:119
+msgid "3-way merge if no file level merging required"
+msgstr "如果没有文件级合并需要，执行三路合并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:121
+msgid "3-way merge in presence of adds and removes"
+msgstr "存在添加和删除时，也执行三路合并"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:123
+msgid "same as -m, but discard unmerged entries"
+msgstr "类似于 -m，但丢弃未合并的条目"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:124
+msgid "<subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "<子目录>/"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:125
+msgid "read the tree into the index under <subdirectory>/"
+msgstr "读取树对象到索引的 <子目录>/ 下"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:128
+msgid "update working tree with merge result"
+msgstr "用合并的结果更新工作区"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:130
+msgid "gitignore"
+msgstr "gitignore"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:131
+msgid "allow explicitly ignored files to be overwritten"
+msgstr "允许忽略文件中设定的文件可以被覆盖"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:134
+msgid "don't check the working tree after merging"
+msgstr "合并后不检查工作区"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:135
+msgid "don't update the index or the work tree"
+msgstr "不更新索引区和工作区"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:137
+msgid "skip applying sparse checkout filter"
+msgstr "跳过应用稀疏检出过滤器"
+
+#: builtin/read-tree.c:139
+msgid "debug unpack-trees"
+msgstr "调试 unpack-trees"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:429
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s' for '%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%2$s' 的值 '%1$s' 不是一个有效的时间戳"
+
+#: builtin/reflog.c:546 builtin/reflog.c:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid timestamp"
+msgstr "'%s' 不是一个有效的时间戳"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:12
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:13
+msgid ""
+"git remote add [-t <branch>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr ""
+"git remote add [-t <分支>] [-m <master>] [-f] [--tags | --no-tags] [--"
+"mirror=<fetch|push>] <名称> <地址>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:14 builtin/remote.c:33
+msgid "git remote rename <old> <new>"
+msgstr "git remote rename <旧名称> <新名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:15 builtin/remote.c:38
+msgid "git remote remove <name>"
+msgstr "git remote remove <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:16 builtin/remote.c:43
+msgid "git remote set-head <name> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <branch>)"
+msgstr "git remote set-head <名称> (-a | --auto | -d | --delete | <分支>)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:17
+msgid "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] show [-n] <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:18
+msgid "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [-n | --dry-run] <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:19
+msgid ""
+"git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<group> | <remote>)...]"
+msgstr "git remote [-v | --verbose] update [-p | --prune] [(<组> | <远程>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:20
+msgid "git remote set-branches [--add] <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches [--add] <名称> <分支>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:21 builtin/remote.c:69
+msgid "git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>]"
+msgstr "git remote set-url [--push] <名称> <新的地址> [<旧的地址>]"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:22 builtin/remote.c:70
+msgid "git remote set-url --add <name> <newurl>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --add <名称> <新的地址>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:23 builtin/remote.c:71
+msgid "git remote set-url --delete <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote set-url --delete <名称> <地址>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:28
+msgid "git remote add [<options>] <name> <url>"
+msgstr "git remote add [<选项>] <名称> <地址>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:48
+msgid "git remote set-branches <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches <名称> <分支>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:49
+msgid "git remote set-branches --add <name> <branch>..."
+msgstr "git remote set-branches --add <名称> <分支>..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:54
+msgid "git remote show [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote show [<选项>] <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:59
+msgid "git remote prune [<options>] <name>"
+msgstr "git remote prune [<选项>] <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:64
+msgid "git remote update [<options>] [<group> | <remote>]..."
+msgstr "git remote update [<选项>] [<组> | <远程>]..."
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "Updating %s"
+msgstr "更新 %s 中"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:120
+msgid ""
+"--mirror is dangerous and deprecated; please\n"
+"\t use --mirror=fetch or --mirror=push instead"
+msgstr ""
+"--mirror 选项危险且过时，请使用 --mirror=fetch\n"
+"\t 或 --mirror=push"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:137
+#, c-format
+msgid "unknown mirror argument: %s"
+msgstr "未知的镜像参数：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:153
+msgid "fetch the remote branches"
+msgstr "抓取远程的分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:155
+msgid "import all tags and associated objects when fetching"
+msgstr "抓取时导入所有的 tags 和关联对象"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:158
+msgid "or do not fetch any tag at all (--no-tags)"
+msgstr "或不抓取任何 tag（--no-tags）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:160
+msgid "branch(es) to track"
+msgstr "跟踪的分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:161
+msgid "master branch"
+msgstr "主线分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:162
+msgid "push|fetch"
+msgstr "push|fetch"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:163
+msgid "set up remote as a mirror to push to or fetch from"
+msgstr "把远程设置为用以推送或抓取的镜像"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:175
+msgid "specifying a master branch makes no sense with --mirror"
+msgstr "指定一个 master 分支并使用 --mirror 选项没有意义"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:177
+msgid "specifying branches to track makes sense only with fetch mirrors"
+msgstr "指定要跟踪的分支只在与获取镜像同时使用才有意义"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:187 builtin/remote.c:643
+#, c-format
+msgid "remote %s already exists."
+msgstr "远程 %s 已经存在。"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:191 builtin/remote.c:647
+#, c-format
+msgid "'%s' is not a valid remote name"
+msgstr "'%s' 不是一个有效的远程名称"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:235
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup master '%s'"
+msgstr "无法设置 master '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not get fetch map for refspec %s"
+msgstr "无法得到引用规则 %s 的获取列表"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:436 builtin/remote.c:444
+msgid "(matching)"
+msgstr "（匹配）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:448
+msgid "(delete)"
+msgstr "（删除）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:592 builtin/remote.c:598 builtin/remote.c:604
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "不能添加 '%s' 至 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:636 builtin/remote.c:795 builtin/remote.c:895
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote: %s"
+msgstr "没有这样的远程：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:653
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not rename config section '%s' to '%s'"
+msgstr "不能重命名配置小节 '%s' 到 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:659 builtin/remote.c:847
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove config section '%s'"
+msgstr "不能移除配置小节 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:674
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Not updating non-default fetch refspec\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\tPlease update the configuration manually if necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"没有更新非默认的获取引用规则\n"
+"\t%s\n"
+"\t如果必要请手动更新配置。"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:680
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not append '%s'"
+msgstr "不能追加 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:691
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not set '%s'"
+msgstr "不能设置 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:713
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting '%s' failed"
+msgstr "删除 '%s' 失败"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:747
+#, c-format
+msgid "creating '%s' failed"
+msgstr "创建 '%s' 失败"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:766
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not remove branch %s"
+msgstr "无法移除分支 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:833
+msgid ""
+"Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;\n"
+"to delete it, use:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;\n"
+"to delete them, use:"
+msgstr[0] "注意：ref/remotes 层级之外的一个分支未被移除。要删除它，使用："
+msgstr[1] "注意：ref/remotes 层级之外的一些分支未被移除。要删除它们，使用："
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:948
+#, c-format
+msgid " new (next fetch will store in remotes/%s)"
+msgstr " 新的（下一次获取将存储于 remotes/%s）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:951
+msgid " tracked"
+msgstr " 已跟踪"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:953
+msgid " stale (use 'git remote prune' to remove)"
+msgstr " 过时（使用 'git remote prune' 来移除）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:955
+msgid " ???"
+msgstr " ???"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:996
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid branch.%s.merge; cannot rebase onto > 1 branch"
+msgstr "无效的 branch.%s.merge，不能变基到一个以上的分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1003
+#, c-format
+msgid "rebases onto remote %s"
+msgstr "变基到远程 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1006
+#, c-format
+msgid " merges with remote %s"
+msgstr " 与远程 %s 合并"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1007
+msgid "    and with remote"
+msgstr "    且有远程"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1009
+#, c-format
+msgid "merges with remote %s"
+msgstr "与远程 %s 合并"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1010
+msgid "   and with remote"
+msgstr "   且有远程"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1056
+msgid "create"
+msgstr "创建"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1059
+msgid "delete"
+msgstr "删除"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1063
+msgid "up to date"
+msgstr "最新"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1066
+msgid "fast-forwardable"
+msgstr "可快进"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1069
+msgid "local out of date"
+msgstr "本地已过时"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1076
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s 强制推送至 %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1079
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %-*s (%s)"
+msgstr "    %-*s 推送至 %-*s (%s)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1083
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s forces to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s 强制推送至 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1086
+#, c-format
+msgid "    %-*s pushes to %s"
+msgstr "    %-*s 推送至 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1154
+msgid "do not query remotes"
+msgstr "不查询远程"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1181
+#, c-format
+msgid "* remote %s"
+msgstr "* 远程 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1182
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Fetch URL: %s"
+msgstr "  获取地址：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1183 builtin/remote.c:1334
+msgid "(no URL)"
+msgstr "(无 URL)"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1192 builtin/remote.c:1194
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Push  URL: %s"
+msgstr "  推送地址：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1196 builtin/remote.c:1198 builtin/remote.c:1200
+#, c-format
+msgid "  HEAD branch: %s"
+msgstr "  HEAD分支：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1202
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):\n"
+msgstr "  HEAD 分支（远程 HEAD 模糊，可能是下列中的一个）：\n"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1214
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Remote branch:%s"
+msgid_plural "  Remote branches:%s"
+msgstr[0] "  远程分支：%s"
+msgstr[1] "  远程分支：%s"
+
+#  译者：中文字符串拼接，可删除前导空格
+#: builtin/remote.c:1217 builtin/remote.c:1244
+msgid " (status not queried)"
+msgstr "（状态未查询）"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1226
+msgid "  Local branch configured for 'git pull':"
+msgid_plural "  Local branches configured for 'git pull':"
+msgstr[0] "  为 'git pull' 配置的本地分支："
+msgstr[1] "  为 'git pull' 配置的本地分支："
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1234
+msgid "  Local refs will be mirrored by 'git push'"
+msgstr "  本地引用将在 'git push' 时被镜像"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1241
+#, c-format
+msgid "  Local ref configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgid_plural "  Local refs configured for 'git push'%s:"
+msgstr[0] "  为 'git push' 配置的本地引用%s："
+msgstr[1] "  为 'git push' 配置的本地引用%s："
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1262
+msgid "set refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD according to remote"
+msgstr "根据远程设置 refs/remotes/<名称>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1264
+msgid "delete refs/remotes/<name>/HEAD"
+msgstr "删除 refs/remotes/<名称>/HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1279
+msgid "Cannot determine remote HEAD"
+msgstr "无法确定远程 HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1281
+msgid "Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:"
+msgstr "多个远程 HEAD 分支。请明确地选择一个用命令："
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1291
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not delete %s"
+msgstr "无法删除 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1299
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid ref: %s"
+msgstr "不是一个有效引用：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1301
+#, c-format
+msgid "Could not setup %s"
+msgstr "不能设置 %s"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: builtin/remote.c:1319
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s will become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s 将成为摇摆状态！"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: builtin/remote.c:1320
+#, c-format
+msgid " %s has become dangling!"
+msgstr " %s 已成为摇摆状态！"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1330
+#, c-format
+msgid "Pruning %s"
+msgstr "修剪 %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1331
+#, c-format
+msgid "URL: %s"
+msgstr "URL：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1354
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [would prune] %s"
+msgstr " * [将删除] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1357
+#, c-format
+msgid " * [pruned] %s"
+msgstr " * [已删除] %s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1402
+msgid "prune remotes after fetching"
+msgstr "抓取后清除远程"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1468 builtin/remote.c:1542
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such remote '%s'"
+msgstr "没有此远程 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1488
+msgid "add branch"
+msgstr "添加分支"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1495
+msgid "no remote specified"
+msgstr "未指定远程"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1517
+msgid "manipulate push URLs"
+msgstr "操作推送 URLS"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1519
+msgid "add URL"
+msgstr "添加 URL"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1521
+msgid "delete URLs"
+msgstr "删除 URLS"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1528
+msgid "--add --delete doesn't make sense"
+msgstr "--add --delete 无意义"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1568
+#, c-format
+msgid "Invalid old URL pattern: %s"
+msgstr "无效的旧URL匹配模版：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1576
+#, c-format
+msgid "No such URL found: %s"
+msgstr "未找到此URL：%s"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1578
+msgid "Will not delete all non-push URLs"
+msgstr "将不会删除所有非推送URL地址"
+
+#: builtin/remote.c:1592
+msgid "be verbose; must be placed before a subcommand"
+msgstr "冗长输出；必须置于子命令之前"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:17
+msgid "git repack [<options>]"
+msgstr "git repack [<选项>]"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:159
+msgid "pack everything in a single pack"
+msgstr "所有内容打包到一个包文件中"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:161
+msgid "same as -a, and turn unreachable objects loose"
+msgstr "和 -a 相同，并将不可达的对象设为松散对象"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:164
+msgid "remove redundant packs, and run git-prune-packed"
+msgstr "删除多余的包，运行 git-prune-packed"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:166
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-delta to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "向 git-pack-objects 传递参数 --no-reuse-delta"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:168
+msgid "pass --no-reuse-object to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "向 git-pack-objects 传递参数 --no-reuse-object"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:170
+msgid "do not run git-update-server-info"
+msgstr "不运行 git-update-server-info"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:173
+msgid "pass --local to git-pack-objects"
+msgstr "向 git-pack-objects 传递参数 --local"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:175
+msgid "write bitmap index"
+msgstr "写 bitmap 索引"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:176
+msgid "approxidate"
+msgstr "近似日期"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:177
+msgid "with -A, do not loosen objects older than this"
+msgstr "使用 -A，不要将早于给定时间的对象过期"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:179
+msgid "size of the window used for delta compression"
+msgstr "用于增量压缩的窗口值"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:180 builtin/repack.c:184
+msgid "bytes"
+msgstr "字节"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:181
+msgid "same as the above, but limit memory size instead of entries count"
+msgstr "和上面的相似，但限制内存大小而非条目数"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:183
+msgid "limits the maximum delta depth"
+msgstr "限制最大增量深度"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:185
+msgid "maximum size of each packfile"
+msgstr "每个包的最大尺寸"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:187
+msgid "repack objects in packs marked with .keep"
+msgstr "对标记为 .keep 的包中的对象重新打包"
+
+#: builtin/repack.c:375
+#, c-format
+msgid "removing '%s' failed"
+msgstr "删除 '%s' 失败"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:19
+msgid "git replace [-f] <object> <replacement>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] <对象> <替换物>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:20
+msgid "git replace [-f] --edit <object>"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --edit <对象>"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:21
+msgid "git replace [-f] --graft <commit> [<parent>...]"
+msgstr "git replace [-f] --graft <提交> [<父提交>...]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:22
+msgid "git replace -d <object>..."
+msgstr "git replace -d <对象>..."
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:23
+msgid "git replace [--format=<format>] [-l [<pattern>]]"
+msgstr "git replace [--format=<格式>] [-l [<模式>]]"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:325 builtin/replace.c:363 builtin/replace.c:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "Not a valid object name: '%s'"
+msgstr "不是一个有效的对象名：'%s'"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:355
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "提交 '%s' 中损坏的 mergetag"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:357
+#, c-format
+msgid "malformed mergetag in commit '%s'"
+msgstr "提交 '%s' 中非法的 mergetag"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"original commit '%s' contains mergetag '%s' that is discarded; use --edit "
+"instead of --graft"
+msgstr "原始提交 '%s' 包含已经丢弃的 mergetag '%s'，使用 --edit 代替 --graft"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:401
+#, c-format
+msgid "the original commit '%s' has a gpg signature."
+msgstr "原始提交 '%s' 中包含一个 GPG 签名"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:402
+msgid "the signature will be removed in the replacement commit!"
+msgstr "在替换的提交中签名将被移除！"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:408
+#, c-format
+msgid "could not write replacement commit for: '%s'"
+msgstr "不能为 '%s' 写替换提交"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:432
+msgid "list replace refs"
+msgstr "列出替换的引用"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:433
+msgid "delete replace refs"
+msgstr "删除替换的引用"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:434
+msgid "edit existing object"
+msgstr "编辑现存的对象"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:435
+msgid "change a commit's parents"
+msgstr "修改一个提交的父提交"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:436
+msgid "replace the ref if it exists"
+msgstr "如果存在则替换引用"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:437
+msgid "do not pretty-print contents for --edit"
+msgstr "不要为 --edit 操作美观显示内容"
+
+#: builtin/replace.c:438
+msgid "use this format"
+msgstr "使用此格式"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:12
+msgid "git rerere [clear | forget <path>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+msgstr "git rerere [clear | forget <路径>... | status | remaining | diff | gc]"
+
+#: builtin/rerere.c:57
+msgid "register clean resolutions in index"
+msgstr "在索引中注册干净的解决方案"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:26
+msgid ""
+"git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]"
+msgstr "git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<提交>]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:27
+msgid "git reset [-q] <tree-ish> [--] <paths>..."
+msgstr "git reset [-q] <树或提交> [--] <路径>..."
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:28
+msgid "git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<paths>...]"
+msgstr "git reset --patch [<树或提交>] [--] [<路径>...]"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
 msgid "mixed"
 msgstr "混杂"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:33
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
 msgid "soft"
 msgstr "软性"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:33
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
 msgid "hard"
 msgstr "硬性"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:33
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
+msgid "merge"
+msgstr "合并"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:34
 msgid "keep"
 msgstr "保持"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:77
+#: builtin/reset.c:74
 msgid "You do not have a valid HEAD."
 msgstr "您没有一个有效的 HEAD。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:79
+#: builtin/reset.c:76
 msgid "Failed to find tree of HEAD."
 msgstr "无法找到 HEAD 指向的树。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:85
+#: builtin/reset.c:82
 #, c-format
 msgid "Failed to find tree of %s."
 msgstr "无法找到 %s 指向的树。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:96
-msgid "Could not write new index file."
-msgstr "无法写入新的暂存区文件。"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:106
+#: builtin/reset.c:100
 #, c-format
 msgid "HEAD is now at %s"
 msgstr "HEAD 现在位于 %s"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:130
-msgid "Could not read index"
-msgstr "不能读取暂存区"
-
-#: builtin/reset.c:133
-msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
-msgstr "重置后变更撤出暂存区："
-
-#  汉字之间无空格，故删除%s前后空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:223
+#  译者：汉字之间无空格，故删除%s前后空格
+#: builtin/reset.c:183
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do a %s reset in the middle of a merge."
 msgstr "在合并过程中不能做%s重置操作。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:297
+#: builtin/reset.c:276
+msgid "be quiet, only report errors"
+msgstr "安静模式，只报告错误"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:278
+msgid "reset HEAD and index"
+msgstr "重置 HEAD 和索引"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:279
+msgid "reset only HEAD"
+msgstr "只重置 HEAD"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:281 builtin/reset.c:283
+msgid "reset HEAD, index and working tree"
+msgstr "重置 HEAD、索引和工作区"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:285
+msgid "reset HEAD but keep local changes"
+msgstr "重置 HEAD 但保存本地变更"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:288
+msgid "record only the fact that removed paths will be added later"
+msgstr "将删除的路径标记为稍后添加"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:305
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid revision."
+msgstr "无法将 '%s' 解析为一个有效的版本。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:308 builtin/reset.c:316
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not parse object '%s'."
 msgstr "不能解析对象 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:302
+#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#, c-format
+msgid "Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid tree."
+msgstr "无法将 '%s' 解析为一个有效的树对象。"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:322
 msgid "--patch is incompatible with --{hard,mixed,soft}"
-msgstr "--patch 与 --{hard,mixed,soft} 不兼容"
+msgstr "--patch 与 --{hard、mixed、soft} 选项不兼容"
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:311
+#: builtin/reset.c:331
 msgid "--mixed with paths is deprecated; use 'git reset -- <paths>' instead."
-msgstr "--mixed 带路径已弃用，代之以 'git reset -- <paths>'。"
+msgstr "--mixed 带路径已弃用，而是用 'git reset -- <路径>'。"
 
-#  汉字之间无空格，故删除%s前后空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:313
+#  译者：汉字之间无空格，故删除%s前后空格
+#: builtin/reset.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "Cannot do %s reset with paths."
 msgstr "不能带路径进行%s重置。"
 
-#  汉字之间无空格，故删除%s前后空格
-#: builtin/reset.c:325
+#  译者：汉字之间无空格，故删除%s前后空格
+#: builtin/reset.c:343
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s reset is not allowed in a bare repository"
-msgstr "不能对裸版本库进行%s重置"
+msgstr "不能对纯版本库进行%s重置"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:347
+msgid "-N can only be used with --mixed"
+msgstr "-N 只能和 --mixed 同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/reset.c:364
+msgid "Unstaged changes after reset:"
+msgstr "重置后撤出暂存区的变更："
 
-#: builtin/reset.c:341
+#: builtin/reset.c:370
 #, c-format
 msgid "Could not reset index file to revision '%s'."
-msgstr "不能重置暂存区至版本 '%s'。"
+msgstr "不能重置索引文件至版本 '%s'。"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:70 builtin/revert.c:91
+#: builtin/reset.c:374
+msgid "Could not write new index file."
+msgstr "不能写入新的索引文件。"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:361
+msgid "git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]"
+msgstr "git rev-parse --parseopt [<选项>] -- [<参数>...]"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:366
+msgid "keep the `--` passed as an arg"
+msgstr "保持 `--` 作为一个参数传递"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:368
+msgid "stop parsing after the first non-option argument"
+msgstr "遇到第一个非选项参数后停止解析"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:371
+msgid "output in stuck long form"
+msgstr "以固定长格式输出"
+
+#: builtin/rev-parse.c:499
+msgid ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<options>] -- [<args>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse --sq-quote [<arg>...]\n"
+"   or: git rev-parse [<options>] [<arg>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"Run \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" for more information on the first usage."
+msgstr ""
+"git rev-parse --parseopt [<选项>] -- [<参数>...]\n"
+"   或者：git rev-parse --sq-quote [<参数>...]\n"
+"   或者：git rev-parse [<选项>] [<参数>...]\n"
+"\n"
+"初次使用时执行 \"git rev-parse --parseopt -h\" 来获得更多信息。"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:22
+msgid "git revert [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git revert [<选项>] <提交号>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:23
+msgid "git revert <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git revert <子命令>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:28
+msgid "git cherry-pick [<options>] <commit-ish>..."
+msgstr "git cherry-pick [<选项>] <提交号>..."
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:29
+msgid "git cherry-pick <subcommand>"
+msgstr "git cherry-pick <子命令>"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:71
 #, c-format
 msgid "%s: %s cannot be used with %s"
-msgstr "%s: %s 不能和 %s 共用"
+msgstr "%s：%s 不能和 %s 同时使用"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:80
+msgid "end revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "终止反转或拣选操作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:81
+msgid "resume revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "继续反转或拣选操作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:82
+msgid "cancel revert or cherry-pick sequence"
+msgstr "取消反转或拣选操作"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:83
+msgid "don't automatically commit"
+msgstr "不要自动提交"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:84
+msgid "edit the commit message"
+msgstr "编辑提交说明"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:126
+#: builtin/revert.c:87
+msgid "parent number"
+msgstr "父编号"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:89
+msgid "merge strategy"
+msgstr "合并策略"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:90
+msgid "option"
+msgstr "选项"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:91
+msgid "option for merge strategy"
+msgstr "合并策略的选项"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:104
+msgid "append commit name"
+msgstr "追加提交名称"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:105
+msgid "allow fast-forward"
+msgstr "允许快进式"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:106
+msgid "preserve initially empty commits"
+msgstr "保留初始化的空提交"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:107
+msgid "allow commits with empty messages"
+msgstr "允许提交说明为空"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:108
+msgid "keep redundant, empty commits"
+msgstr "保持多余的、空的提交"
+
+#: builtin/revert.c:112
 msgid "program error"
 msgstr "程序错误"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:209
+#: builtin/revert.c:197
 msgid "revert failed"
 msgstr "还原失败"
 
-#: builtin/revert.c:224
+#: builtin/revert.c:212
 msgid "cherry-pick failed"
 msgstr "拣选失败"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:109
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:17
+msgid "git rm [<options>] [--] <file>..."
+msgstr "git rm [<选项>] [--] <文件>..."
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:65
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has staged content different from both the file and the HEAD\n"
-"(use -f to force removal)"
+"the following submodule (or one of its nested submodules)\n"
+"uses a .git directory:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following submodules (or one of their nested submodules)\n"
+"use a .git directory:"
+msgstr[0] "以下子模组（或一个其嵌套子模组）使用了一个 .git 目录："
+msgstr[1] "以下子模组（或一个其嵌套子模组）使用了一个 .git 目录："
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:71
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' 暂存的内容和工作区文件及 HEAD 中的都不一样\n"
-"（使用 -f 强制删除）"
+"\n"
+"（使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它及其全部历史）"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:115
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:231
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has changes staged in the index\n"
-"(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
+"the following file has staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgid_plural ""
+"the following files have staged content different from both the\n"
+"file and the HEAD:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件其暂存的内容和工作区及 HEAD 中的都不一样："
+msgstr[1] "如下文件其暂存的内容和工作区及 HEAD 中的都不一样："
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:236
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"(use -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' 有变更已加入暂存区中\n"
-"（使用 --cached 保存文件，或用 -f 强制删除）"
+"\n"
+"（使用 -f 强制删除）"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:119
-#, c-format
+#: builtin/rm.c:240
+msgid "the following file has changes staged in the index:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have changes staged in the index:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件相对索引区的内容有修改"
+msgstr[1] "如下文件相对索引区的内容有修改"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:244 builtin/rm.c:255
 msgid ""
-"'%s' has local modifications\n"
+"\n"
 "(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)"
 msgstr ""
-"'%s' 有本地修改\n"
-"（使用 --cached 保存文件，或用 -f 强制删除）"
+"\n"
+"（使用 --cached 保留本地文件，或用 -f 强制删除）"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:252
+msgid "the following file has local modifications:"
+msgid_plural "the following files have local modifications:"
+msgstr[0] "如下文件有本地修改："
+msgstr[1] "如下文件有本地修改："
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:270
+msgid "do not list removed files"
+msgstr "不列出删除的文件"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:271
+msgid "only remove from the index"
+msgstr "只从索引区删除"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:272
+msgid "override the up-to-date check"
+msgstr "忽略文件更新状态检查"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:194
+#: builtin/rm.c:273
+msgid "allow recursive removal"
+msgstr "允许递归删除"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:275
+msgid "exit with a zero status even if nothing matched"
+msgstr "即使没有匹配，也以零状态退出"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:318
+msgid "Please, stage your changes to .gitmodules or stash them to proceed"
+msgstr "请将您的修改缓存到 .gitmodules 中或保存进度后再继续"
+
+#: builtin/rm.c:336
 #, c-format
 msgid "not removing '%s' recursively without -r"
 msgstr "未提供 -r 选项不会递归删除 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/rm.c:230
+#: builtin/rm.c:375
 #, c-format
 msgid "git rm: unable to remove %s"
 msgstr "git rm：不能删除 %s"
 
-#: builtin/shortlog.c:157
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:13
+msgid "git shortlog [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] [<path>...]]"
+msgstr "git shortlog [<选项>] [<版本范围>] [[--] [<路径>...]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:131
 #, c-format
 msgid "Missing author: %s"
 msgstr "缺少作者：%s"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:58
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:230
+msgid "sort output according to the number of commits per author"
+msgstr "根据每个作者的提交数量排序"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:232
+msgid "Suppress commit descriptions, only provides commit count"
+msgstr "隐藏提交说明，只提供提交数量"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:234
+msgid "Show the email address of each author"
+msgstr "显示每个作者的电子邮件地址"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:235
+msgid "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+msgstr "w[,i1[,i2]]"
+
+#: builtin/shortlog.c:236
+msgid "Linewrap output"
+msgstr "折行输出"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:9
+msgid ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<rev> | <glob>)...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-branch [-a | --all] [-r | --remotes] [--topo-order | --date-order]\n"
+"\t\t[--current] [--color[=<何时>] | --no-color] [--sparse]\n"
+"\t\t[--more=<n> | --list | --independent | --merge-base]\n"
+"\t\t[--no-name | --sha1-name] [--topics] [(<版本> | <通配符>)...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:13
+msgid "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git show-branch (-g | --reflog)[=<n>[,<base>]] [--list] [<引用>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:652
+msgid "show remote-tracking and local branches"
+msgstr "显示远程跟踪的和本地的分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:654
+msgid "show remote-tracking branches"
+msgstr "显示远程跟踪的分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:656
+msgid "color '*!+-' corresponding to the branch"
+msgstr "着色 '*!+-' 到相应的分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:658
+msgid "show <n> more commits after the common ancestor"
+msgstr "显示共同祖先后的 <n> 个提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:660
+msgid "synonym to more=-1"
+msgstr "和 more=-1 同义"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:661
+msgid "suppress naming strings"
+msgstr "不显示字符串命名"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:663
+msgid "include the current branch"
+msgstr "包括当前分支"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:665
+msgid "name commits with their object names"
+msgstr "以对象名字命名提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:667
+msgid "show possible merge bases"
+msgstr "显示可能合并的基线"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:669
+msgid "show refs unreachable from any other ref"
+msgstr "显示没有任何引用的的引用"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:671
+msgid "show commits in topological order"
+msgstr "以拓扑顺序显示提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:674
+msgid "show only commits not on the first branch"
+msgstr "只显示不在第一个分支上的提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:676
+msgid "show merges reachable from only one tip"
+msgstr "显示仅一个分支可访问的合并提交"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:678
+msgid "topologically sort, maintaining date order where possible"
+msgstr "拓扑方式排序，并尽可能地保持日期顺序"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:681
+msgid "<n>[,<base>]"
+msgstr "<n>[,<base>]"
+
+#: builtin/show-branch.c:682
+msgid "show <n> most recent ref-log entries starting at base"
+msgstr "显示从 base 开始的 <n> 条最近的引用日志记录"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:10
+msgid ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git show-ref [-q | --quiet] [--verify] [--head] [-d | --dereference] [-s | --"
+"hash[=<n>]] [--abbrev[=<n>]] [--tags] [--heads] [--] [<模式>...]"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:11
+msgid "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=pattern] < ref-list"
+msgstr "git show-ref --exclude-existing[=模式] < 引用列表"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:168
+msgid "only show tags (can be combined with heads)"
+msgstr "只显示 tags（可以和头共用）"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:169
+msgid "only show heads (can be combined with tags)"
+msgstr "只显示头（可以和 tags 共用）"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:170
+msgid "stricter reference checking, requires exact ref path"
+msgstr "更严格的引用检测，需要精确的引用路径"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:173 builtin/show-ref.c:175
+msgid "show the HEAD reference, even if it would be filtered out"
+msgstr "显示 HEAD 引用，即使被过滤掉"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:177
+msgid "dereference tags into object IDs"
+msgstr "转换 tags 到对象ID"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:179
+msgid "only show SHA1 hash using <n> digits"
+msgstr "只显示使用 <n> 个数字的 SHA1 哈希"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:183
+msgid "do not print results to stdout (useful with --verify)"
+msgstr "不打印结果到标准输出（例如与 --verify 参数共用）"
+
+#: builtin/show-ref.c:185
+msgid "show refs from stdin that aren't in local repository"
+msgstr "显示从标准输入中读入的不在本地版本库中的引用"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:7
+msgid "git symbolic-ref [<options>] <name> [<ref>]"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref [<选项>] <名称> [<引用>]"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:8
+msgid "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <name>"
+msgstr "git symbolic-ref -d [-q] <名称>"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:40
+msgid "suppress error message for non-symbolic (detached) refs"
+msgstr "不显示非符号（分离的）引用的错误信息"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:41
+msgid "delete symbolic ref"
+msgstr "删除符号引用"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:42
+msgid "shorten ref output"
+msgstr "简短的引用输出"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason"
+msgstr "原因"
+
+#: builtin/symbolic-ref.c:43 builtin/update-ref.c:358
+msgid "reason of the update"
+msgstr "更新的原因"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:22
+msgid ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <msg> | -F <file>] <tagname> "
+"[<head>]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag [-a | -s | -u <key-id>] [-f] [-m <说明> | -F <文件>] <标签名> [<头>]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:23
+msgid "git tag -d <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -d <标签名>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:24
+msgid ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<num>]] [--contains <commit>] [--points-at <object>]\n"
+"\t\t[<pattern>...]"
+msgstr ""
+"git tag -l [-n[<数字>]] [--contains <提交>] [--points-at <对象>] [<模式>...]"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:26
+msgid "git tag -v <tagname>..."
+msgstr "git tag -v <标签名>..."
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:69
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object at '%s'"
 msgstr "非法的对象于 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:205
+#: builtin/tag.c:301
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag name too long: %.*s..."
 msgstr "tag 名字太长：%.*s..."
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:210
+#: builtin/tag.c:306
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' not found."
 msgstr "tag '%s' 未发现。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:225
+#: builtin/tag.c:321
 #, c-format
 msgid "Deleted tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "已删除 tag '%s'（曾为 %s）\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:237
+#: builtin/tag.c:333
 #, c-format
 msgid "could not verify the tag '%s'"
 msgstr "不能校验 tag '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:247
+#: builtin/tag.c:343
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be ignored.\n"
-"#\n"
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be ignored.\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# 输入一个 tag 说明\n"
-"# 以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略。\n"
-"#\n"
+"输入一个 tag 说明：\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被忽略。\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:254
+#: builtin/tag.c:347
+#, c-format
 msgid ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# Write a tag message\n"
-"# Lines starting with '#' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
+"Write a message for tag:\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"Lines starting with '%c' will be kept; you may remove them yourself if you "
 "want to.\n"
-"#\n"
 msgstr ""
 "\n"
-"#\n"
-"# 输入一个 tag 说明\n"
-"# 以 '#' 开头的行将被忽略，您可以删除它们如果您想这样做。\n"
-"#\n"
+"输入一个 tag 说明：\n"
+"  %s\n"
+"以 '%c' 开头的行将被保留，如果您愿意也可以删除它们。\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:294
+#: builtin/tag.c:371
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s'"
+msgstr "不支持的排序规格 '%s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:373
+#, c-format
+msgid "unsupported sort specification '%s' in variable '%s'"
+msgstr "不支持变量 '%2$s' 的排序规格 '%1$s'"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:428
 msgid "unable to sign the tag"
 msgstr "无法签署 tag"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:296
+#: builtin/tag.c:430
 msgid "unable to write tag file"
 msgstr "无法写 tag 文件"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:321
+#: builtin/tag.c:455
 msgid "bad object type."
-msgstr "无效的对象类型"
+msgstr "坏的对象类型。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:334
+#: builtin/tag.c:468
 msgid "tag header too big."
-msgstr "tag 头信息太大"
+msgstr "tag 头信息太大。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:366
+#: builtin/tag.c:504
 msgid "no tag message?"
 msgstr "无 tag 说明？"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:372
+#: builtin/tag.c:510
 #, c-format
 msgid "The tag message has been left in %s\n"
 msgstr "tag 说明被保留在 %s\n"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:421
+#: builtin/tag.c:559
 msgid "switch 'points-at' requires an object"
 msgstr "开关 'points-at' 需要一个对象"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:423
+#: builtin/tag.c:561
 #, c-format
 msgid "malformed object name '%s'"
 msgstr "非法的对象名 '%s'"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:502
+#: builtin/tag.c:589
+msgid "list tag names"
+msgstr "列出tag名称"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:591
+msgid "print <n> lines of each tag message"
+msgstr "每个 tag 信息打印 <n> 行"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:593
+msgid "delete tags"
+msgstr "删除 tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:594
+msgid "verify tags"
+msgstr "验证 tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:596
+msgid "Tag creation options"
+msgstr "Tag 创建选项"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:598
+msgid "annotated tag, needs a message"
+msgstr "注解 tag，需要一个说明"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:600
+msgid "tag message"
+msgstr "tag 说明"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:602
+msgid "annotated and GPG-signed tag"
+msgstr "注解并 GPG 签名的 tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:606
+msgid "use another key to sign the tag"
+msgstr "使用另外的私钥签名 tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:607
+msgid "replace the tag if exists"
+msgstr "如果存在，替换现有的 tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:609
+msgid "Tag listing options"
+msgstr "Tag 列表选项"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:610
+msgid "show tag list in columns"
+msgstr "以列的方式显示 tag"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:612
+msgid "sort tags"
+msgstr "排序 tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:617 builtin/tag.c:623
+msgid "print only tags that contain the commit"
+msgstr "只打印包含提交的tags"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:629
+msgid "print only tags of the object"
+msgstr "只打印tags对象"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:655
+msgid "--column and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--column 和 -n 不兼容"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:667
+msgid "--sort and -n are incompatible"
+msgstr "--sort 和 -n 不兼容"
+
+#: builtin/tag.c:674
 msgid "-n option is only allowed with -l."
-msgstr "-n 选项只允许和 -l 共用。"
+msgstr "-n 选项只允许和 -l 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:504
+#: builtin/tag.c:676
 msgid "--contains option is only allowed with -l."
-msgstr "--contains 选项只允许和 -l 共用。"
+msgstr "--contains 选项只允许和 -l 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:506
+#: builtin/tag.c:678
 msgid "--points-at option is only allowed with -l."
-msgstr "--points-at 选项只允许和 -l 共用。"
+msgstr "--points-at 选项只允许和 -l 同时使用。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:514
+#: builtin/tag.c:686
 msgid "only one -F or -m option is allowed."
 msgstr "只允许一个 -F 或 -m 选项。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:534
+#: builtin/tag.c:706
 msgid "too many params"
 msgstr "太多参数"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:540
+#: builtin/tag.c:712
 #, c-format
 msgid "'%s' is not a valid tag name."
-msgstr "'%s' 不是一个有效的tag名称"
+msgstr "'%s' 不是一个有效的tag名称。"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:545
+#: builtin/tag.c:717
 #, c-format
 msgid "tag '%s' already exists"
 msgstr "tag '%s' 已存在"
 
-#: builtin/tag.c:563
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: cannot lock the ref"
-msgstr "%s：不能锁定引用"
-
-#: builtin/tag.c:565
-#, c-format
-msgid "%s: cannot update the ref"
-msgstr "%s：不能更新引用"
-
-#: builtin/tag.c:567
+#: builtin/tag.c:741
 #, c-format
 msgid "Updated tag '%s' (was %s)\n"
 msgstr "已更新tag '%s'（曾为 %s）\n"
 
-#: git-am.sh:49
+#: builtin/unpack-objects.c:489
+msgid "Unpacking objects"
+msgstr "展开对象中"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:403
+msgid "git update-index [<options>] [--] [<file>...]"
+msgstr "git update-index [<选项>] [--] [<文件>...]"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:757
+msgid "continue refresh even when index needs update"
+msgstr "当索引需要更新时继续刷新"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:760
+msgid "refresh: ignore submodules"
+msgstr "刷新：忽略子模组"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:763
+msgid "do not ignore new files"
+msgstr "不忽略新的文件"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:765
+msgid "let files replace directories and vice-versa"
+msgstr "让文件替换目录（反之亦然）"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:767
+msgid "notice files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "通知文件从工作区丢失"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:769
+msgid "refresh even if index contains unmerged entries"
+msgstr "即使索引区包含未合并的条目也执行刷新"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:772
+msgid "refresh stat information"
+msgstr "刷新统计信息"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:776
+msgid "like --refresh, but ignore assume-unchanged setting"
+msgstr "类似于 --refresh，但是忽略 assume-unchanged 设置"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:780
+msgid "<mode>,<object>,<path>"
+msgstr "<存取模式>,<对象>,<路径>"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:781
+msgid "add the specified entry to the index"
+msgstr "添加指定的条目到索引区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:785
+msgid "(+/-)x"
+msgstr "(+/-)x"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:786
+msgid "override the executable bit of the listed files"
+msgstr "覆盖列表里文件的可执行位"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:790
+msgid "mark files as \"not changing\""
+msgstr "把文件标记为 \"没有变更\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:793
+msgid "clear assumed-unchanged bit"
+msgstr "清除 assumed-unchanged 位"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:796
+msgid "mark files as \"index-only\""
+msgstr "把文件标记为 \"仅索引\""
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:799
+msgid "clear skip-worktree bit"
+msgstr "清除 skip-worktree 位"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:802
+msgid "add to index only; do not add content to object database"
+msgstr "只添加到索引区；不添加对象到对象库"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:804
+msgid "remove named paths even if present in worktree"
+msgstr "即使存在工作区里，也删除路径"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:806
+msgid "with --stdin: input lines are terminated by null bytes"
+msgstr "携带 --stdin：输入的行以 null 字符终止"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:808
+msgid "read list of paths to be updated from standard input"
+msgstr "从标准输入中读取需要更新的路径列表"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:812
+msgid "add entries from standard input to the index"
+msgstr "从标准输入添加条目到索引区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:816
+msgid "repopulate stages #2 and #3 for the listed paths"
+msgstr "为指定文件重新生成第2和第3暂存区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:820
+msgid "only update entries that differ from HEAD"
+msgstr "只更新与 HEAD 不同的条目"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:824
+msgid "ignore files missing from worktree"
+msgstr "忽略工作区丢失的文件"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:827
+msgid "report actions to standard output"
+msgstr "在标准输出显示操作"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:829
+msgid "(for porcelains) forget saved unresolved conflicts"
+msgstr "(for porcelains) 忘记保存的未解决的冲突"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:833
+msgid "write index in this format"
+msgstr "以这种格式写入索引区"
+
+#: builtin/update-index.c:835
+msgid "enable or disable split index"
+msgstr "启用或禁用索引拆分"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:9
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] -d <refname> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<选项>] -d <引用名> [<旧值>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:10
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>]    <refname> <new-val> [<old-val>]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<选项>]    <引用名> <新值> [<旧值>]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:11
+msgid "git update-ref [<options>] --stdin [-z]"
+msgstr "git update-ref [<选项>] --stdin [-z]"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:359
+msgid "delete the reference"
+msgstr "删除引用"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:361
+msgid "update <refname> not the one it points to"
+msgstr "更新 <引用名> 本身而不是它指向的引用"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:362
+msgid "stdin has NUL-terminated arguments"
+msgstr "标准输入有以 NUL 字符终止的参数"
+
+#: builtin/update-ref.c:363
+msgid "read updates from stdin"
+msgstr "从标准输入读取更新"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:6
+msgid "git update-server-info [--force]"
+msgstr "git update-server-info [--force]"
+
+#: builtin/update-server-info.c:14
+msgid "update the info files from scratch"
+msgstr "从头开始更新文件信息"
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:17
+msgid "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <commit>..."
+msgstr "git verify-commit [-v | --verbose] <提交>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-commit.c:75
+msgid "print commit contents"
+msgstr "打印提交内容"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:54
+msgid "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <pack>..."
+msgstr "git verify-pack [-v | --verbose] [-s | --stat-only] <包>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:64
+msgid "verbose"
+msgstr "冗长输出"
+
+#: builtin/verify-pack.c:66
+msgid "show statistics only"
+msgstr "只显示统计"
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:17
+msgid "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <tag>..."
+msgstr "git verify-tag [-v | --verbose] <标签>..."
+
+#: builtin/verify-tag.c:73
+msgid "print tag contents"
+msgstr "打印 tag 内容"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:13
+msgid "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<prefix>/]"
+msgstr "git write-tree [--missing-ok] [--prefix=<前缀>/]"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:26
+msgid "<prefix>/"
+msgstr "<前缀>/"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:27
+msgid "write tree object for a subdirectory <prefix>"
+msgstr "将 <前缀> 子目录内容写到一个树对象"
+
+#: builtin/write-tree.c:30
+msgid "only useful for debugging"
+msgstr "只对调试有用"
+
+#: credential-cache--daemon.c:267
+msgid "print debugging messages to stderr"
+msgstr "调试信息输出到标准错误"
+
+#: git.c:14
+msgid ""
+"'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some\n"
+"concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'\n"
+"to read about a specific subcommand or concept."
+msgstr ""
+"命令 'git help -a' 和 'git help -g' 显示可用的子命令和一些概念帮助。\n"
+"查看 'git help <命令>' 或 'git help <概念>' 以获取给定子命令或概念的\n"
+"帮助。"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:8
+msgid "Add file contents to the index"
+msgstr "添加文件内容至索引"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:9
+msgid "Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug"
+msgstr "通过二分查找定位引入 bug 的变更"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:10
+msgid "List, create, or delete branches"
+msgstr "列出、创建或删除分支"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:11
+msgid "Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree"
+msgstr "检出一个分支或路径到工作区"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:12
+msgid "Clone a repository into a new directory"
+msgstr "克隆一个版本库到一个新目录"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:13
+msgid "Record changes to the repository"
+msgstr "记录变更到版本库"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:14
+msgid "Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc"
+msgstr "显示提交之间、提交和工作区之间等的差异"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:15
+msgid "Download objects and refs from another repository"
+msgstr "从另外一个版本库下载对象和引用"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:16
+msgid "Print lines matching a pattern"
+msgstr "输出和模式匹配的行"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:17
+msgid "Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one"
+msgstr "创建一个空的 Git 版本库或重新初始化一个已存在的版本库"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:18
+msgid "Show commit logs"
+msgstr "显示提交日志"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:19
+msgid "Join two or more development histories together"
+msgstr "合并两个或更多开发历史"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:20
+msgid "Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink"
+msgstr "移动或重命名一个文件、目录或符号链接"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:21
+msgid "Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch"
+msgstr "获取并整合另外的版本库或一个本地分支"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:22
+msgid "Update remote refs along with associated objects"
+msgstr "更新远程引用和相关的对象"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:23
+msgid "Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head"
+msgstr "本地提交转移至更新后的上游分支中"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:24
+msgid "Reset current HEAD to the specified state"
+msgstr "重置当前HEAD到指定状态"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:25
+msgid "Remove files from the working tree and from the index"
+msgstr "从工作区和索引中删除文件"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:26
+msgid "Show various types of objects"
+msgstr "显示各种类型的对象"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:27
+msgid "Show the working tree status"
+msgstr "显示工作区状态"
+
+#: common-cmds.h:28
+msgid "Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG"
+msgstr "创建、列出、删除或校验一个GPG签名的 tag 对象"
+
+#: parse-options.h:143
+msgid "expiry-date"
+msgstr "到期时间"
+
+#: parse-options.h:158
+msgid "no-op (backward compatibility)"
+msgstr "空操作（向后兼容）"
+
+#: parse-options.h:232
+msgid "be more verbose"
+msgstr "更加详细"
+
+#: parse-options.h:234
+msgid "be more quiet"
+msgstr "更加安静"
+
+#: parse-options.h:240
+msgid "use <n> digits to display SHA-1s"
+msgstr "用 <n> 位数字显示 SHA-1 哈希值"
+
+#: rerere.h:27
+msgid "update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"
+msgstr "如果可能，重用冲突解决更新索引"
+
+#: git-am.sh:53
 msgid "You need to set your committer info first"
 msgstr "您需要先设置你的提交者信息"
 
-#: git-am.sh:135
+#: git-am.sh:98
+msgid ""
+"You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
+"Not rewinding to ORIG_HEAD"
+msgstr "您好像在上一次 'am' 失败后移动了 HEAD。未回退至 ORIG_HEAD"
+
+#: git-am.sh:108
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"$cmdline --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"$cmdline --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching, run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"当您解决了此问题后，执行 \"$cmdline --continue\"。\n"
+"如果您想跳过此补丁，则执行 \"$cmdline --skip\"。\n"
+"要恢复原分支并停止打补丁，执行 \"$cmdline --abort\"。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:124
+msgid "Cannot fall back to three-way merge."
+msgstr "无法求助于三路合并。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:140
 msgid "Repository lacks necessary blobs to fall back on 3-way merge."
-msgstr "版本库缺乏必要的 blob 数据以进行三路合并。"
+msgstr "版本库缺乏必要的数据（blob）对象以进行三路合并。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:142
+msgid "Using index info to reconstruct a base tree..."
+msgstr "使用索引来重建一个（三路合并的）基础目录树..."
 
-#: git-am.sh:144
+#: git-am.sh:157
 msgid ""
 "Did you hand edit your patch?\n"
 "It does not apply to blobs recorded in its index."
 msgstr ""
 "您是否曾手动编辑过您的补丁？\n"
-"无法应用补丁到暂存区的数据中。"
+"无法应用补丁到索引中的数据（blob）对象上。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:153
+#: git-am.sh:166
 msgid "Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge..."
-msgstr "转而使用补丁应用的基础版本和三路合并..."
+msgstr "转而在基础版本上打补丁及进行三路合并..."
+
+#: git-am.sh:182
+msgid "Failed to merge in the changes."
+msgstr "无法合并变更。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:265
+#: git-am.sh:277
 msgid "Only one StGIT patch series can be applied at once"
 msgstr "一次只能有一个 StGIT 补丁队列被应用"
 
-#: git-am.sh:352
+#: git-am.sh:364
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Patch format $patch_format is not supported."
 msgstr "不支持 $patch_format 补丁格式。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:354
+#: git-am.sh:366
 msgid "Patch format detection failed."
 msgstr "补丁格式检测失败。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:406
-msgid "-d option is no longer supported.  Do not use."
-msgstr "不再支持 -d 选项。不要使用。"
+#: git-am.sh:398
+msgid ""
+"The -b/--binary option has been a no-op for long time, and\n"
+"it will be removed. Please do not use it anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"参数 -b/--binary 已经很长时间不做任何实质操作了，并且将被删除。\n"
+"请不要再使用它了。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:469
+#: git-am.sh:496
 #, sh-format
 msgid "previous rebase directory $dotest still exists but mbox given."
-msgstr "之前的变基目录 $dotest 仍然存在但给出了mbox。"
+msgstr "之前的变基目录 $dotest 仍然存在，但却提供了 mbox。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:474
+#: git-am.sh:501
 msgid "Please make up your mind. --skip or --abort?"
 msgstr "请下决心。--skip 或是 --abort ？"
 
-#: git-am.sh:501
+#: git-am.sh:537
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Stray $dotest directory found.\n"
+"Use \"git am --abort\" to remove it."
+msgstr ""
+"发现了错误的 $dotest 目录。\n"
+"使用 \"git am --abort\" 删除它。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:545
 msgid "Resolve operation not in progress, we are not resuming."
 msgstr "解决操作未进行，我们不会继续。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:567
+#: git-am.sh:612
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dirty index: cannot apply patches (dirty: $files)"
-msgstr "脏的暂存区：不能应用补丁（脏文件：$files）"
+msgstr "脏的索引：不能应用补丁（脏文件：$files）"
+
+#: git-am.sh:722
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Patch is empty.  Was it split wrong?\n"
+"If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run \"$cmdline --skip\".\n"
+"To restore the original branch and stop patching run \"$cmdline --abort\"."
+msgstr ""
+"补丁为空。是不是切分错误？\n"
+"如果您想要跳过这个补丁，执行 \"$cmdline --skip\"。\n"
+"要恢复原分支并停止打补丁，执行 \"$cmdline --abort\"。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:749
+msgid "Patch does not have a valid e-mail address."
+msgstr "补丁中没有一个有效的邮件地址。"
 
-#: git-am.sh:743
+#: git-am.sh:796
 msgid "cannot be interactive without stdin connected to a terminal."
-msgstr "没有和终端关联的标准输入不能进行交互式操作。"
+msgstr "标准输入没有和终端关联，不能进行交互式操作。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:800
+msgid "Commit Body is:"
+msgstr "提交内容为："
 
-#  注意保持句尾空格
+#  译者：注意保持句尾空格
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [y], [n], [e], [v] and [a]
 #. in your translation. The program will only accept English
 #. input at this point.
-#: git-am.sh:754
+#: git-am.sh:807
 msgid "Apply? [y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 msgstr "应用？[y]es/[n]o/[e]dit/[v]iew patch/[a]ccept all "
 
-#: git-am.sh:790
+#: git-am.sh:843
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Applying: $FIRSTLINE"
 msgstr "正应用：$FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:835
+#: git-am.sh:864
+msgid ""
+"No changes - did you forget to use 'git add'?\n"
+"If there is nothing left to stage, chances are that something else\n"
+"already introduced the same changes; you might want to skip this patch."
+msgstr ""
+"没有变更 —— 您是不是忘了执行 'git add'？\n"
+"如果没有什么要添加到暂存区的，则很可能是其它提交已经引入了相同的变更。\n"
+"您也许想要跳过这个补丁。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:872
+msgid ""
+"You still have unmerged paths in your index\n"
+"did you forget to use 'git add'?"
+msgstr "您的索引中仍有未合并的路径。您是否忘了执行 'git add'？"
+
+#: git-am.sh:888
 msgid "No changes -- Patch already applied."
-msgstr "没有变更 -- 补丁已经应用过。"
+msgstr "没有变更 —— 补丁已经应用过。"
+
+#: git-am.sh:898
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Patch failed at $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
+msgstr "补丁失败于 $msgnum $FIRSTLINE"
 
-#: git-am.sh:861
+#: git-am.sh:901
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"The copy of the patch that failed is found in:\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+msgstr ""
+"失败的补丁文件副本位于：\n"
+"   $dotest/patch"
+
+#: git-am.sh:919
 msgid "applying to an empty history"
 msgstr "正应用到一个空历史上"
 
-#  注意保持句尾空格
+#: git-bisect.sh:48
+msgid "You need to start by \"git bisect start\""
+msgstr "您需要执行 \"git bisect start\" 来开始"
+
+#  译者：注意保持句尾空格
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
@@ -3287,7 +10270,7 @@ msgstr "您想让我为您这样做么[Y/n]？ "
 #: git-bisect.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "unrecognised option: '$arg'"
-msgstr "未识别的选项：'$arg'"
+msgstr "未能识别的选项：'$arg'"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:99
 #, sh-format
@@ -3301,26 +10284,26 @@ msgstr "坏的 HEAD - 我需要一个 HEAD"
 #: git-bisect.sh:130
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'."
-msgstr "检出 '$start_head' 失败。尝试 'git bisect reset <validbranch>'。"
+"Checking out '$start_head' failed. Try 'git bisect reset <valid-branch>'."
+msgstr "检出 '$start_head' 失败。尝试 'git bisect reset <有效分支>'。"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:140
-msgid "won't bisect on seeked tree"
-msgstr "不会在已查找过的树上二分查找"
+msgid "won't bisect on cg-seek'ed tree"
+msgstr "不会在做了 cg-seek 的树上做二分查找"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:144
 msgid "Bad HEAD - strange symbolic ref"
-msgstr "错误的 HEAD - 奇怪的符号引用"
+msgstr "坏的 HEAD - 奇怪的符号引用"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:189
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Bad bisect_write argument: $state"
-msgstr "错误的bisect_write参数：$state"
+msgstr "坏的 bisect_write 参数：$state"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:218
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Bad rev input: $arg"
-msgstr "输入错误版本：$arg"
+msgstr "输入坏的版本：$arg"
 
 #: git-bisect.sh:232
 msgid "Please call 'bisect_state' with at least one argument."
@@ -3331,75 +10314,293 @@ msgstr "请在调用 'bisect_state' 时跟至少一个参数。"
 msgid "Bad rev input: $rev"
 msgstr "输入坏的版本：$rev"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:250
+#: git-bisect.sh:253
 msgid "'git bisect bad' can take only one argument."
 msgstr "'git bisect bad' 只能带一个参数。"
 
-#  注意保持句尾空格
+#: git-bisect.sh:276
+msgid "Warning: bisecting only with a bad commit."
+msgstr "警告：在仅有一个坏提交下进行二分查找。"
+
+#  译者：注意保持句尾空格
 #. TRANSLATORS: Make sure to include [Y] and [n] in your
 #. translation. The program will only accept English input
 #. at this point.
-#: git-bisect.sh:279
+#: git-bisect.sh:282
 msgid "Are you sure [Y/n]? "
 msgstr "您确认么[Y/n]？ "
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:354
+#: git-bisect.sh:292
+msgid ""
+"You need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"您需要给我至少一个好版本和一个坏版本。\n"
+"（为此您可以用 \"git bisect bad\" 和 \"git bisect good\" 命令。）"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:295
+msgid ""
+"You need to start by \"git bisect start\".\n"
+"You then need to give me at least one good and one bad revision.\n"
+"(You can use \"git bisect bad\" and \"git bisect good\" for that.)"
+msgstr ""
+"您需要执行 \"git bisect start\" 来开始。\n"
+"然后需要提供我至少一个好版本和一个坏版本。\n"
+"（为此您可以用 \"git bisect bad\" 和 \"git bisect good\" 命令。）"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:366 git-bisect.sh:493
+msgid "We are not bisecting."
+msgstr "我们没有在二分查找。"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:373
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$invalid' is not a valid commit"
 msgstr "'$invalid' 不是一个有效的提交"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:363
+#: git-bisect.sh:382
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
 "Could not check out original HEAD '$branch'.\n"
 "Try 'git bisect reset <commit>'."
 msgstr ""
 "不能检出原始 HEAD '$branch'。\n"
-"尝试 'git bisect reset <commit>'。"
+"尝试 'git bisect reset <提交>'。"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:390
+#: git-bisect.sh:409
 msgid "No logfile given"
 msgstr "未提供日志文件"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:391
+#: git-bisect.sh:410
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot read $file for replaying"
 msgstr "不能读取 $file 来重放"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:408
+#: git-bisect.sh:427
 msgid "?? what are you talking about?"
 msgstr "?? 您在说什么?"
 
-#: git-bisect.sh:474
-msgid "We are not bisecting."
-msgstr "我们没有进行二分查找。"
+#: git-bisect.sh:439
+#, sh-format
+msgid "running $command"
+msgstr "运行 $command"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:446
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"exit code $res from '$command' is < 0 or >= 128"
+msgstr ""
+"二分查找运行失败：\n"
+"命令 '$command' 的退出码 $res 小于 0 或大于等于 128"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:472
+msgid "bisect run cannot continue any more"
+msgstr "二分查找不能继续运行"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:478
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"bisect run failed:\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' exited with error code $res"
+msgstr ""
+"二分查找运行失败：\n"
+"'bisect_state $state' 退出码为 $res"
+
+#: git-bisect.sh:485
+msgid "bisect run success"
+msgstr "二分查找运行成功"
 
 #: git-pull.sh:21
 msgid ""
 "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files.\n"
 "Please, fix them up in the work tree, and then use 'git add/rm <file>'\n"
-"as appropriate to mark resolution, or use 'git commit -a'."
+"as appropriate to mark resolution and make a commit."
 msgstr ""
-"Pull 不可用，因为你尚有未合并的文件。请先在工作区改正文件，\n"
-"然后酌情使用 'git add/rm <file>' 标记解决方案，\n"
-"或使用 'git commit -a'。"
+"Pull 不可用，因为您尚有未合并的文件。请先在工作区改正文件，\n"
+"然后酌情使用 'git add/rm <文件>' 标记解决方案，再做提交。"
 
 #: git-pull.sh:25
 msgid "Pull is not possible because you have unmerged files."
-msgstr "Pull 不可用，因为你尚有未合并的文件。"
+msgstr "Pull 不可用，因为您尚有未合并的文件。"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:31
+msgid ""
+"You have not concluded your merge (MERGE_HEAD exists).\n"
+"Please, commit your changes before you can merge."
+msgstr ""
+"您尚未结束您的合并（存在 MERGE_HEAD）。\n"
+"请在合并前先提交您的修改。"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:197
+#: git-pull.sh:245
 msgid "updating an unborn branch with changes added to the index"
-msgstr "更新尚未诞生的分支，变更添加至暂存区"
+msgstr "更新尚未诞生的分支，变更添加至索引"
+
+#: git-pull.sh:269
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Warning: fetch updated the current branch head.\n"
+"Warning: fast-forwarding your working tree from\n"
+"Warning: commit $orig_head."
+msgstr ""
+"警告：fetch 更新了当前的分支。您的工作区\n"
+"警告：从原提交 $orig_head 快进。"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:253
+#: git-pull.sh:294
 msgid "Cannot merge multiple branches into empty head"
 msgstr "无法将多个分支合并到空分支"
 
-#: git-pull.sh:257
+#: git-pull.sh:298
 msgid "Cannot rebase onto multiple branches"
 msgstr "无法变基到多个分支"
 
+#: git-rebase.sh:57
+msgid ""
+"When you have resolved this problem, run \"git rebase --continue\".\n"
+"If you prefer to skip this patch, run \"git rebase --skip\" instead.\n"
+"To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run \"git rebase --abort"
+"\"."
+msgstr ""
+"当您解决了此问题后，执行 \"git rebase --continue\"。\n"
+"如果您想跳过此补丁，则执行 \"git rebase --skip\"。\n"
+"要恢复原分支并停止变基，执行 \"git rebase --abort\"。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:165
+msgid "Applied autostash."
+msgstr "成功应用 autostash。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:168
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot store $stash_sha1"
+msgstr "无法保存 $stash_sha1"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:169
+msgid ""
+"Applying autostash resulted in conflicts.\n"
+"Your changes are safe in the stash.\n"
+"You can run \"git stash pop\" or \"git stash drop\" at any time.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"应用 autostash 导致冲突。\n"
+"您的修改安全地保存在 stash 中。\n"
+"您可以在任何时候运行 \"git stash pop\" 或 \"git stash drop\"。\n"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:208
+msgid "The pre-rebase hook refused to rebase."
+msgstr "钩子 pre-rebase 拒绝变基操作。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:213
+msgid "It looks like git-am is in progress. Cannot rebase."
+msgstr "似乎正处于在 git-am 的执行过程中。无法变基。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:351
+msgid "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option"
+msgstr "选项 --exec 必须和选项 --interactive 同时使用"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:356
+msgid "No rebase in progress?"
+msgstr "没有正在进行的变基？"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:367
+msgid "The --edit-todo action can only be used during interactive rebase."
+msgstr "动作 --edit-todo 只能用在交互式变基过程中。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:374
+msgid "Cannot read HEAD"
+msgstr "不能读取 HEAD"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:377
+msgid ""
+"You must edit all merge conflicts and then\n"
+"mark them as resolved using git add"
+msgstr ""
+"您必须编辑所有的合并冲突，然后通过 git add\n"
+"命令将它们标记为已解决"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:395
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not move back to $head_name"
+msgstr "无法移回 $head_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:414
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"It seems that there is already a $state_dir_base directory, and\n"
+"I wonder if you are in the middle of another rebase.  If that is the\n"
+"case, please try\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"If that is not the case, please\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"and run me again.  I am stopping in case you still have something\n"
+"valuable there."
+msgstr ""
+"好像已有 $state_dir_base 目录，我怀疑您正处于另外一个变基操作\n"
+"过程中。 如果是这样，请执行\n"
+"\t$cmd_live_rebase\n"
+"如果不是这样，请执行\n"
+"\t$cmd_clear_stale_rebase\n"
+"然后再重新执行变基操作。 为避免丢失重要数据，我已经停止当前操作。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:465
+#, sh-format
+msgid "invalid upstream $upstream_name"
+msgstr "无效的上游 $upstream_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:489
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there are more than one merge bases"
+msgstr "$onto_name: 有一个以上的合并基准"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:492 git-rebase.sh:496
+#, sh-format
+msgid "$onto_name: there is no merge base"
+msgstr "$onto_name: 没有合并基准"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:501
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Does not point to a valid commit: $onto_name"
+msgstr "没有指向一个有效的提交：$onto_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:524
+#, sh-format
+msgid "fatal: no such branch: $branch_name"
+msgstr "严重错误：无此分支：$branch_name"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:557
+msgid "Cannot autostash"
+msgstr "无法 autostash"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Created autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+msgstr "创建了 autostash: $stash_abbrev"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:566
+msgid "Please commit or stash them."
+msgstr "请提交或为它们保存进度。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:586
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date."
+msgstr "当前分支 $branch_name 是最新的。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:590
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Current branch $branch_name is up to date, rebase forced."
+msgstr "当前分支 $branch_name 是最新的，强制变基。"
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:601
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Changes from $mb to $onto:"
+msgstr "变更从 $mb 到 $onto："
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:610
+msgid "First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it..."
+msgstr "首先，重置头指针以便在上面重放您的工作..."
+
+#: git-rebase.sh:620
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Fast-forwarded $branch_name to $onto_name."
+msgstr "快进 $branch_name 至 $onto_name。"
+
 #: git-stash.sh:51
 msgid "git stash clear with parameters is unimplemented"
 msgstr "git stash clear 不支持参数"
@@ -3410,262 +10611,409 @@ msgstr "您尚未建立初始提交"
 
 #: git-stash.sh:89
 msgid "Cannot save the current index state"
-msgstr "无法保存当前暂存区状态"
+msgstr "无法保存当前索引状态"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:123 git-stash.sh:136
+#: git-stash.sh:124 git-stash.sh:137
 msgid "Cannot save the current worktree state"
 msgstr "无法保存当前工作区状态"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:140
+#: git-stash.sh:141
 msgid "No changes selected"
-msgstr "没有修改被选择"
+msgstr "没有选择变更"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:143
+#: git-stash.sh:144
 msgid "Cannot remove temporary index (can't happen)"
-msgstr "无法删除临时暂存区（不应发生）"
+msgstr "无法删除临时索引（不应发生）"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:156
+#: git-stash.sh:157
 msgid "Cannot record working tree state"
 msgstr "不能记录工作区状态"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:223
+#: git-stash.sh:191
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cannot update $ref_stash with $w_commit"
+msgstr "无法用 $w_commit 更新 $ref_stash"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: $option is an invalid option, like
+#. `--blah-blah'. The 7 spaces at the beginning of the
+#. second line correspond to "error: ". So you should line
+#. up the second line with however many characters the
+#. translation of "error: " takes in your language. E.g. in
+#. English this is:
+#.
+#. $ git stash save --blah-blah 2>&1 | head -n 2
+#. error: unknown option for 'stash save': --blah-blah
+#. To provide a message, use git stash save -- '--blah-blah'
+#: git-stash.sh:238
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"error: unknown option for 'stash save': $option\n"
+"       To provide a message, use git stash save -- '$option'"
+msgstr ""
+"错误：'stash save' 的未知选项：$option\n"
+"      要提供一个描述信息，使用 git stash save -- '$option'"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:259
 msgid "No local changes to save"
 msgstr "没有要保存的本地修改"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:227
+#: git-stash.sh:263
 msgid "Cannot initialize stash"
-msgstr "无法初始化stash"
+msgstr "无法初始化 stash"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:235
+#: git-stash.sh:267
 msgid "Cannot save the current status"
 msgstr "无法保存当前状态"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:253
+#: git-stash.sh:285
 msgid "Cannot remove worktree changes"
 msgstr "无法删除工作区变更"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:352
+#: git-stash.sh:384
 msgid "No stash found."
-msgstr "未发现stash。"
+msgstr "未发现 stash。"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:359
+#: git-stash.sh:391
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Too many revisions specified: $REV"
-msgstr "提供太多的版本：$REV"
+msgstr "指定了太多的版本：$REV"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:365
+#: git-stash.sh:397
 #, sh-format
-msgid "$reference is not valid reference"
-msgstr "$reference 不是有效的引用"
+msgid "$reference is not a valid reference"
+msgstr "$reference 不是一个有效的引用"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:393
+#: git-stash.sh:425
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash-like commit"
-msgstr "'$args' 不是stash样提交"
+msgstr "'$args' 不是 stash 样提交"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:404
+#: git-stash.sh:436
 #, sh-format
 msgid "'$args' is not a stash reference"
-msgstr "'$args' 不是一个stash引用"
+msgstr "'$args' 不是一个 stash 引用"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:412
+#: git-stash.sh:444
 msgid "unable to refresh index"
-msgstr "无法刷新暂存区"
+msgstr "无法刷新索引"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:416
+#: git-stash.sh:448
 msgid "Cannot apply a stash in the middle of a merge"
 msgstr "无法在合并过程中恢复进度"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:424
+#: git-stash.sh:456
 msgid "Conflicts in index. Try without --index."
-msgstr "暂存区冲突。尝试不用 --index。"
+msgstr "索引中有冲突。尝试不使用 --index。"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:426
+#: git-stash.sh:458
 msgid "Could not save index tree"
-msgstr "无法保存暂存区"
+msgstr "不能保存索引树"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:460
+#: git-stash.sh:492
 msgid "Cannot unstage modified files"
 msgstr "无法还原修改的文件"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:491
+#: git-stash.sh:507
+msgid "Index was not unstashed."
+msgstr "索引的进度没有被恢复。"
+
+#: git-stash.sh:530
 #, sh-format
 msgid "Dropped ${REV} ($s)"
 msgstr "丢弃了 ${REV} ($s)"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:492
+#: git-stash.sh:531
 #, sh-format
 msgid "${REV}: Could not drop stash entry"
-msgstr "${REV}: 无法丢弃进度条目"
+msgstr "${REV}：不能丢弃进度条目"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:499
+#: git-stash.sh:539
 msgid "No branch name specified"
 msgstr "未指定分支名"
 
-#: git-stash.sh:570
+#: git-stash.sh:611
 msgid "(To restore them type \"git stash apply\")"
 msgstr "（为恢复数据输入 \"git stash apply\"）"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:56
+#: git-submodule.sh:95
 #, sh-format
 msgid "cannot strip one component off url '$remoteurl'"
 msgstr "无法从 url '$remoteurl' 剥离一个组件"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:108
+#: git-submodule.sh:237
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$path'"
-msgstr "未在 .gitmodules 中发现路径 '$path' 的子模组映射"
+msgid "No submodule mapping found in .gitmodules for path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "未在 .gitmodules 中发现路径 '$sm_path' 的子模组映射"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:173
+#: git-submodule.sh:287
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$path' failed"
-msgstr "克隆 '$url' 到子模组路径 '$path' 失败"
+msgid "Clone of '$url' into submodule path '$sm_path' failed"
+msgstr "无法克隆 '$url' 到子模组路径 '$sm_path'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:296
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Gitdir '$a' is part of the submodule path '$b' or vice versa"
+msgstr "Gitdir '$a' 在子模组路径 '$b' 之下或相反"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:406
+msgid "Relative path can only be used from the toplevel of the working tree"
+msgstr "只能在工作区的顶级目录中使用相对路径"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:247
+#: git-submodule.sh:416
 #, sh-format
 msgid "repo URL: '$repo' must be absolute or begin with ./|../"
 msgstr "版本库URL：'$repo' 必须是绝对路径或以 ./|../ 起始"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:264
+#: git-submodule.sh:433
 #, sh-format
-msgid "'$path' already exists in the index"
-msgstr "'$path' 已经存在于暂存区中"
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists in the index"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' 已经存在于索引中"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:281
+#: git-submodule.sh:437
 #, sh-format
-msgid "'$path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
-msgstr "'$path' 已存在且不是一个有效的 git 版本库"
+msgid ""
+"The following path is ignored by one of your .gitignore files:\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"Use -f if you really want to add it."
+msgstr ""
+"以下路径被您的一个 .gitignore 文件所忽略：\n"
+"$sm_path\n"
+"如果您确实想添加它，使用 -f 参数。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:455
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Adding existing repo at '$sm_path' to the index"
+msgstr "添加位于 '$sm_path' 的现存版本库到索引"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:457
+#, sh-format
+msgid "'$sm_path' already exists and is not a valid git repo"
+msgstr "'$sm_path' 已存在且不是一个有效的 git 版本库"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:295
+#: git-submodule.sh:465
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$path'"
-msgstr "不能检出子模组 '$path'"
+msgid "A git directory for '$sm_name' is found locally with remote(s):"
+msgstr "本地发现 '$sm_name' 的一个 git 目录，与其对应的远程版本库："
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:300
+#: git-submodule.sh:467
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to add submodule '$path'"
-msgstr "无法添加子模组 '$path'"
+msgid ""
+"If you want to reuse this local git directory instead of cloning again from"
+msgstr "如果您想重用此本地 git 目录而不是重新克隆自"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:305
+#: git-submodule.sh:469
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register submodule '$path'"
-msgstr "无法注册子模组 '$path'"
+msgid ""
+"use the '--force' option. If the local git directory is not the correct repo"
+msgstr "使用 '--force' 参数。如果本地 git 目录不是正确的版本库"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:347
+#: git-submodule.sh:470
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Entering '$prefix$path'"
-msgstr "正在进入 '$prefix$path'"
+msgid ""
+"or you are unsure what this means choose another name with the '--name' "
+"option."
+msgstr "或者您不确定其中含义使用 '--name' 参数选择另外一个名称。"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:359
+#: git-submodule.sh:472
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Stopping at '$path'; script returned non-zero status."
-msgstr "停止于 '$path'，脚本返回非零值。"
+msgid "Reactivating local git directory for submodule '$sm_name'."
+msgstr "激活本地 git 目录到子模组 '$sm_name'。"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:401
+#: git-submodule.sh:484
 #, sh-format
-msgid "No url found for submodule path '$path' in .gitmodules"
-msgstr "在 .gitmodules 中未找到子模组路径 '$path' 的url"
+msgid "Unable to checkout submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "不能检出子模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:410
+#: git-submodule.sh:489
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "无法为子模组路径 '$path' 注册 url"
+msgid "Failed to add submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法添加子模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:418
+#: git-submodule.sh:498
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "无法为子模组路径 '$path' 注册更新模式"
+msgid "Failed to register submodule '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法注册子模组 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:420
+#: git-submodule.sh:542
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$path'"
-msgstr "子模组 '$name' ($url) 已为路径 '$path' 注册"
+msgid "Entering '$prefix$displaypath'"
+msgstr "正在进入 '$prefix$displaypath'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:519
+#: git-submodule.sh:562
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Stopping at '$prefix$displaypath'; script returned non-zero status."
+msgstr "停止于 '$prefix$displaypath'，脚本返回非零值。"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:608
+#, sh-format
+msgid "No url found for submodule path '$displaypath' in .gitmodules"
+msgstr "在 .gitmodules 中未找到子模组路径 '$displaypath' 的 url"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:617
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register url for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法为子模组路径 '$displaypath' 注册 url"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:619
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) registered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "子模组 '$name' ($url) 未对路径 '$displaypath' 注册"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:636
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to register update mode for submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法为子模组路径 '$displaypath' 注册更新模式"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:674
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Use '.' if you really want to deinitialize all submodules"
+msgstr "使用 '.' 如果您真的想要对所有子模组取消初始化"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:691
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains a .git directory"
+msgstr "子模组工作区 '$displaypath' 包含一个 .git 目录"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:692
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"(use 'rm -rf' if you really want to remove it including all of its history)"
+msgstr "（使用 'rm -rf' 命令如果您真的想删除它及其全部历史）"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:698
 #, sh-format
 msgid ""
-"Submodule path '$path' not initialized\n"
+"Submodule work tree '$displaypath' contains local modifications; use '-f' to "
+"discard them"
+msgstr "子模组工作区 '$displaypath' 包含本地修改；使用 '-f' 丢弃它们"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:701
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Cleared directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "已清除目录 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:702
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not remove submodule work tree '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法移除子模组工作区 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:705
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Could not create empty submodule directory '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "不能创建空的子模组目录 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:714
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Submodule '$name' ($url) unregistered for path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "子模组 '$name' ($url) 未对路径 '$displaypath' 注册"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:830
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Submodule path '$displaypath' not initialized\n"
 "Maybe you want to use 'update --init'?"
 msgstr ""
-"子模组路径 '$path' 没有初始化\n"
-"也许你想用 'update --init'？"
+"子模组路径 '$displaypath' 没有初始化\n"
+"也许您想用 'update --init'？"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:532
+#: git-submodule.sh:843
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$path' 中找到当前版本"
+msgid "Unable to find current revision in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$displaypath' 中找到当前版本"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:551
+#: git-submodule.sh:852
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$path' 中获取"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$sm_path' 中获取"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:565
+#: git-submodule.sh:876
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$path' 中变基 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to fetch in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$displaypath' 中获取"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:566
+#: git-submodule.sh:890
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$path': rebased into '$sha1'"
-msgstr "子模组路径 '$path'：变基至 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$displaypath' 中检出 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:571
+#: git-submodule.sh:891
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "无法合并 '$sha1' 到子模组路径 '$path' 中"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': checked out '$sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$displaypath'：检出 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:572
+#: git-submodule.sh:895
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$path': merged in '$sha1'"
-msgstr "子模组路径 '$path'：已合并入 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to rebase '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$displaypath' 中变基 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:577
+#: git-submodule.sh:896
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Unable to checkout '$sha1' in submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "无法在子模组路径 '$path' 中检出 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': rebased into '$sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$displaypath'：变基至 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:578
+#: git-submodule.sh:901
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Submodule path '$path': checked out '$sha1'"
-msgstr "子模组路径 '$path'：检出 '$sha1'"
+msgid "Unable to merge '$sha1' in submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法合并 '$sha1' 到子模组路径 '$displaypath' 中"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:600 git-submodule.sh:923
+#: git-submodule.sh:902
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$path'"
-msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$path'"
+msgid "Submodule path '$displaypath': merged in '$sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$displaypath'：已合并入 '$sha1'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:708
-msgid "--"
-msgstr "--"
+#: git-submodule.sh:907
+#, sh-format
+msgid ""
+"Execution of '$command $sha1' failed in submodule  path '$prefix$sm_path'"
+msgstr "在子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path' 中执行 '$command $sha1' 失败"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:766
+#: git-submodule.sh:908
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
-msgstr "  警告：$name 未包含提交 $sha1_src"
+msgid "Submodule path '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
+msgstr "子模组路径 '$prefix$sm_path': '$command $sha1'"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:769
+#: git-submodule.sh:938
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  警告：$name 未包含提交 $sha1_dst"
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$displaypath'"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1046
+msgid "The --cached option cannot be used with the --files option"
+msgstr "选项 --cached 不能和选项 --files 同时使用"
 
-#  注意保持前导空格
-#: git-submodule.sh:772
+#: git-submodule.sh:1098
 #, sh-format
-msgid "  Warn: $name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
-msgstr "  警告：$name 未包含提交 $sha1_src 和 $sha1_dst"
+msgid "unexpected mode $mod_dst"
+msgstr "意外的模式 $mod_dst"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:797
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: git-submodule.sh:1118
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_src"
+msgstr "  警告：$display_name 未包含提交 $sha1_src"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: git-submodule.sh:1121
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commit $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  警告：$display_name 未包含提交 $sha1_dst"
+
+#  译者：注意保持前导空格
+#: git-submodule.sh:1124
+#, sh-format
+msgid "  Warn: $display_name doesn't contain commits $sha1_src and $sha1_dst"
+msgstr "  警告：$display_name 未包含提交 $sha1_src 和 $sha1_dst"
+
+#: git-submodule.sh:1149
 msgid "blob"
-msgstr "blob"
+msgstr "数据对象"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:798
-msgid "submodule"
-msgstr "子模组"
+#: git-submodule.sh:1267
+#, sh-format
+msgid "Failed to recurse into submodule path '$sm_path'"
+msgstr "无法递归进子模组路径 '$sm_path'"
 
-#: git-submodule.sh:969
+#: git-submodule.sh:1331
 #, sh-format
-msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$name'"
-msgstr "为 '$name' 同步子模组url"
+msgid "Synchronizing submodule url for '$displaypath'"
+msgstr "为 '$displaypath' 同步子模组 url"
diff --git a/preload-index.c b/preload-index.c
index 49cb08df96..c1fe3a3ef9 100644
--- a/preload-index.c
+++ b/preload-index.c
@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@
  * Copyright (C) 2008 Linus Torvalds
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+static void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
+			  const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	; /* nothing */
 }
@@ -24,7 +27,7 @@ static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
 struct thread_data {
 	pthread_t pthread;
 	struct index_state *index;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int offset, nr;
 };
 
@@ -34,11 +37,8 @@ static void *preload_thread(void *_data)
 	struct thread_data *p = _data;
 	struct index_state *index = p->index;
 	struct cache_entry **cep = index->cache + p->offset;
-	struct cache_def cache;
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
+	struct cache_def cache = CACHE_DEF_INIT;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, p->pathspec);
-	memset(&cache, 0, sizeof(cache));
 	nr = p->nr;
 	if (nr + p->offset > index->cache_nr)
 		nr = index->cache_nr - p->offset;
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static void *preload_thread(void *_data)
 			continue;
 		if (ce_uptodate(ce))
 			continue;
-		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &p->pathspec, NULL))
 			continue;
 		if (threaded_has_symlink_leading_path(&cache, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
 			continue;
@@ -63,11 +63,12 @@ static void *preload_thread(void *_data)
 			continue;
 		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
 	} while (--nr > 0);
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
+	cache_def_clear(&cache);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+static void preload_index(struct index_state *index,
+			  const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int threads, i, work, offset;
 	struct thread_data data[MAX_PARALLEL];
@@ -82,10 +83,12 @@ static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
 		threads = MAX_PARALLEL;
 	offset = 0;
 	work = DIV_ROUND_UP(index->cache_nr, threads);
+	memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
 	for (i = 0; i < threads; i++) {
 		struct thread_data *p = data+i;
 		p->index = index;
-		p->pathspec = pathspec;
+		if (pathspec)
+			copy_pathspec(&p->pathspec, pathspec);
 		p->offset = offset;
 		p->nr = work;
 		offset += work;
@@ -100,7 +103,8 @@ static void preload_index(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
 }
 #endif
 
-int read_index_preload(struct index_state *index, const char **pathspec)
+int read_index_preload(struct index_state *index,
+		       const struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int retval = read_index(index);
 
diff --git a/pretty.c b/pretty.c
index 8688b8f2d4..7b49304181 100644
--- a/pretty.c
+++ b/pretty.c
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ static size_t commit_formats_len;
 static size_t commit_formats_alloc;
 static struct cmt_fmt_map *find_commit_format(const char *sought);
 
+int commit_format_is_empty(enum cmit_fmt fmt)
+{
+	return fmt == CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT && !*user_format;
+}
+
 static void save_user_format(struct rev_info *rev, const char *cp, int is_tformat)
 {
 	free(user_format);
@@ -40,10 +45,9 @@ static int git_pretty_formats_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *c
 	const char *fmt;
 	int i;
 
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "pretty."))
+	if (!skip_prefix(var, "pretty.", &name))
 		return 0;
 
-	name = var + strlen("pretty.");
 	for (i = 0; i < builtin_formats_len; i++) {
 		if (!strcmp(commit_formats[i].name, name))
 			return 0;
@@ -66,11 +70,12 @@ static int git_pretty_formats_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *c
 
 	commit_format->name = xstrdup(name);
 	commit_format->format = CMIT_FMT_USERFORMAT;
-	git_config_string(&fmt, var, value);
-	if (!prefixcmp(fmt, "format:") || !prefixcmp(fmt, "tformat:")) {
-		commit_format->is_tformat = fmt[0] == 't';
-		fmt = strchr(fmt, ':') + 1;
-	} else if (strchr(fmt, '%'))
+	if (git_config_string(&fmt, var, value))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (skip_prefix(fmt, "format:", &fmt))
+		commit_format->is_tformat = 0;
+	else if (skip_prefix(fmt, "tformat:", &fmt) || strchr(fmt, '%'))
 		commit_format->is_tformat = 1;
 	else
 		commit_format->is_alias = 1;
@@ -115,7 +120,7 @@ static struct cmt_fmt_map *find_commit_format_recursive(const char *sought,
 	for (i = 0; i < commit_formats_len; i++) {
 		size_t match_len;
 
-		if (prefixcmp(commit_formats[i].name, sought))
+		if (!starts_with(commit_formats[i].name, sought))
 			continue;
 
 		match_len = strlen(commit_formats[i].name);
@@ -147,16 +152,16 @@ void get_commit_format(const char *arg, struct rev_info *rev)
 	struct cmt_fmt_map *commit_format;
 
 	rev->use_terminator = 0;
-	if (!arg || !*arg) {
+	if (!arg) {
 		rev->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;
 		return;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(arg, "format:") || !prefixcmp(arg, "tformat:")) {
-		save_user_format(rev, strchr(arg, ':') + 1, arg[0] == 't');
+	if (skip_prefix(arg, "format:", &arg)) {
+		save_user_format(rev, arg, 0);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (strchr(arg, '%')) {
+	if (!*arg || skip_prefix(arg, "tformat:", &arg) || strchr(arg, '%')) {
 		save_user_format(rev, arg, 1);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -231,7 +236,7 @@ static int is_rfc822_special(char ch)
 	}
 }
 
-static int has_rfc822_specials(const char *s, int len)
+static int needs_rfc822_quoting(const char *s, int len)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
@@ -240,6 +245,17 @@ static int has_rfc822_specials(const char *s, int len)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int last_line_length(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* How many bytes are already used on the last line? */
+	for (i = sb->len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		if (sb->buf[i] == '\n')
+			break;
+	return sb->len - (i + 1);
+}
+
 static void add_rfc822_quoted(struct strbuf *out, const char *s, int len)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -261,124 +277,227 @@ static void add_rfc822_quoted(struct strbuf *out, const char *s, int len)
 	strbuf_addch(out, '"');
 }
 
-static int is_rfc2047_special(char ch)
+enum rfc2047_type {
+	RFC2047_SUBJECT,
+	RFC2047_ADDRESS
+};
+
+static int is_rfc2047_special(char ch, enum rfc2047_type type)
 {
-	return (non_ascii(ch) || (ch == '=') || (ch == '?') || (ch == '_'));
+	/*
+	 * rfc2047, section 4.2:
+	 *
+	 *    8-bit values which correspond to printable ASCII characters other
+	 *    than "=", "?", and "_" (underscore), MAY be represented as those
+	 *    characters.  (But see section 5 for restrictions.)  In
+	 *    particular, SPACE and TAB MUST NOT be represented as themselves
+	 *    within encoded words.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * rule out non-ASCII characters and non-printable characters (the
+	 * non-ASCII check should be redundant as isprint() is not localized
+	 * and only knows about ASCII, but be defensive about that)
+	 */
+	if (non_ascii(ch) || !isprint(ch))
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * rule out special printable characters (' ' should be the only
+	 * whitespace character considered printable, but be defensive and use
+	 * isspace())
+	 */
+	if (isspace(ch) || ch == '=' || ch == '?' || ch == '_')
+		return 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * rfc2047, section 5.3:
+	 *
+	 *    As a replacement for a 'word' entity within a 'phrase', for example,
+	 *    one that precedes an address in a From, To, or Cc header.  The ABNF
+	 *    definition for 'phrase' from RFC 822 thus becomes:
+	 *
+	 *    phrase = 1*( encoded-word / word )
+	 *
+	 *    In this case the set of characters that may be used in a "Q"-encoded
+	 *    'encoded-word' is restricted to: <upper and lower case ASCII
+	 *    letters, decimal digits, "!", "*", "+", "-", "/", "=", and "_"
+	 *    (underscore, ASCII 95.)>.  An 'encoded-word' that appears within a
+	 *    'phrase' MUST be separated from any adjacent 'word', 'text' or
+	 *    'special' by 'linear-white-space'.
+	 */
+
+	if (type != RFC2047_ADDRESS)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* '=' and '_' are special cases and have been checked above */
+	return !(isalnum(ch) || ch == '!' || ch == '*' || ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '/');
 }
 
-static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, int len,
-		       const char *encoding)
+static int needs_rfc2047_encoding(const char *line, int len,
+				  enum rfc2047_type type)
 {
-	static const int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2822 */
 	int i;
-	int line_len;
-
-	/* How many bytes are already used on the current line? */
-	for (i = sb->len - 1; i >= 0; i--)
-		if (sb->buf[i] == '\n')
-			break;
-	line_len = sb->len - (i+1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 		int ch = line[i];
 		if (non_ascii(ch) || ch == '\n')
-			goto needquote;
+			return 1;
 		if ((i + 1 < len) && (ch == '=' && line[i+1] == '?'))
-			goto needquote;
+			return 1;
 	}
-	strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, line, len, 0, 1, max_length - line_len);
-	return;
 
-needquote:
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void add_rfc2047(struct strbuf *sb, const char *line, size_t len,
+		       const char *encoding, enum rfc2047_type type)
+{
+	static const int max_encoded_length = 76; /* per rfc2047 */
+	int i;
+	int line_len = last_line_length(sb);
+
 	strbuf_grow(sb, len * 3 + strlen(encoding) + 100);
 	strbuf_addf(sb, "=?%s?q?", encoding);
 	line_len += strlen(encoding) + 5; /* 5 for =??q? */
-	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-		unsigned ch = line[i] & 0xFF;
 
-		if (line_len >= max_length - 2) {
-			strbuf_addf(sb, "?=\n =?%s?q?", encoding);
-			line_len = strlen(encoding) + 5 + 1; /* =??q? plus SP */
-		}
+	while (len) {
+		/*
+		 * RFC 2047, section 5 (3):
+		 *
+		 * Each 'encoded-word' MUST represent an integral number of
+		 * characters.  A multi-octet character may not be split across
+		 * adjacent 'encoded- word's.
+		 */
+		const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)line;
+		int chrlen = mbs_chrlen(&line, &len, encoding);
+		int is_special = (chrlen > 1) || is_rfc2047_special(*p, type);
+
+		/* "=%02X" * chrlen, or the byte itself */
+		const char *encoded_fmt = is_special ? "=%02X"    : "%c";
+		int	    encoded_len = is_special ? 3 * chrlen : 1;
 
 		/*
-		 * We encode ' ' using '=20' even though rfc2047
-		 * allows using '_' for readability.  Unfortunately,
-		 * many programs do not understand this and just
-		 * leave the underscore in place.
+		 * According to RFC 2047, we could encode the special character
+		 * ' ' (space) with '_' (underscore) for readability. But many
+		 * programs do not understand this and just leave the
+		 * underscore in place. Thus, we do nothing special here, which
+		 * causes ' ' to be encoded as '=20', avoiding this problem.
 		 */
-		if (is_rfc2047_special(ch) || ch == ' ' || ch == '\n') {
-			strbuf_addf(sb, "=%02X", ch);
-			line_len += 3;
-		}
-		else {
-			strbuf_addch(sb, ch);
-			line_len++;
+
+		if (line_len + encoded_len + 2 > max_encoded_length) {
+			/* It won't fit with trailing "?=" --- break the line */
+			strbuf_addf(sb, "?=\n =?%s?q?", encoding);
+			line_len = strlen(encoding) + 5 + 1; /* =??q? plus SP */
 		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < chrlen; i++)
+			strbuf_addf(sb, encoded_fmt, p[i]);
+		line_len += encoded_len;
 	}
 	strbuf_addstr(sb, "?=");
 }
 
-void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+const char *show_ident_date(const struct ident_split *ident,
+			    enum date_mode mode)
+{
+	unsigned long date = 0;
+	long tz = 0;
+
+	if (ident->date_begin && ident->date_end)
+		date = strtoul(ident->date_begin, NULL, 10);
+	if (date_overflows(date))
+		date = 0;
+	else {
+		if (ident->tz_begin && ident->tz_end)
+			tz = strtol(ident->tz_begin, NULL, 10);
+		if (tz >= INT_MAX || tz <= INT_MIN)
+			tz = 0;
+	}
+	return show_date(date, tz, mode);
+}
+
+void pp_user_info(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char *what, struct strbuf *sb,
 		  const char *line, const char *encoding)
 {
-	char *date;
-	int namelen;
-	unsigned long time;
-	int tz;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+	char *line_end;
+	const char *mailbuf, *namebuf;
+	size_t namelen, maillen;
+	int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2822 */
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE)
 		return;
-	date = strchr(line, '>');
-	if (!date)
+
+	line_end = strchrnul(line, '\n');
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, line, line_end - line))
 		return;
-	namelen = ++date - line;
-	time = strtoul(date, &date, 10);
-	tz = strtol(date, NULL, 10);
+
+	mailbuf = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	namebuf = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+
+	if (pp->mailmap)
+		map_user(pp->mailmap, &mailbuf, &maillen, &namebuf, &namelen);
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
-		char *name_tail = strchr(line, '<');
-		int display_name_length;
-		int final_line;
-		if (!name_tail)
-			return;
-		while (line < name_tail && isspace(name_tail[-1]))
-			name_tail--;
-		display_name_length = name_tail - line;
+		if (pp->from_ident && ident_cmp(pp->from_ident, &ident)) {
+			struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, "From: ");
+			strbuf_add(&buf, namebuf, namelen);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, " <");
+			strbuf_add(&buf, mailbuf, maillen);
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, ">\n");
+			string_list_append(&pp->in_body_headers,
+					   strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+
+			mailbuf = pp->from_ident->mail_begin;
+			maillen = pp->from_ident->mail_end - mailbuf;
+			namebuf = pp->from_ident->name_begin;
+			namelen = pp->from_ident->name_end - namebuf;
+		}
+
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, "From: ");
-		if (!has_rfc822_specials(line, display_name_length)) {
-			add_rfc2047(sb, line, display_name_length, encoding);
-		} else {
+		if (needs_rfc2047_encoding(namebuf, namelen, RFC2047_ADDRESS)) {
+			add_rfc2047(sb, namebuf, namelen,
+				    encoding, RFC2047_ADDRESS);
+			max_length = 76; /* per rfc2047 */
+		} else if (needs_rfc822_quoting(namebuf, namelen)) {
 			struct strbuf quoted = STRBUF_INIT;
-			add_rfc822_quoted(&quoted, line, display_name_length);
-			add_rfc2047(sb, quoted.buf, quoted.len, encoding);
+			add_rfc822_quoted(&quoted, namebuf, namelen);
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, quoted.buf, quoted.len,
+							-6, 1, max_length);
 			strbuf_release(&quoted);
+		} else {
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, namebuf, namelen,
+						 -6, 1, max_length);
 		}
-		for (final_line = 0; final_line < sb->len; final_line++)
-			if (sb->buf[sb->len - final_line - 1] == '\n')
-				break;
-		if (namelen - display_name_length + final_line > 78) {
+
+		if (max_length <
+		    last_line_length(sb) + strlen(" <") + maillen + strlen(">"))
 			strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
-			if (!isspace(name_tail[0]))
-				strbuf_addch(sb, ' ');
-		}
-		strbuf_add(sb, name_tail, namelen - display_name_length);
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+		strbuf_addf(sb, " <%.*s>\n", (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 	} else {
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s\n", what,
-			      (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0,
-			      "    ", namelen, line);
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%s: %.*s%.*s <%.*s>\n", what,
+			    (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER) ? 4 : 0, "    ",
+			    (int)namelen, namebuf, (int)maillen, mailbuf);
 	}
+
 	switch (pp->fmt) {
 	case CMIT_FMT_MEDIUM:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n", show_date(time, tz, pp->date_mode));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date:   %s\n",
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, pp->date_mode));
 		break;
 	case CMIT_FMT_EMAIL:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n", show_date(time, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "Date: %s\n",
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, DATE_RFC2822));
 		break;
 	case CMIT_FMT_FULLER:
-		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what, show_date(time, tz, pp->date_mode));
+		strbuf_addf(sb, "%sDate: %s\n", what,
+			    show_ident_date(&ident, pp->date_mode));
 		break;
 	default:
 		/* notin' */
@@ -389,7 +508,7 @@ void pp_user_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 static int is_empty_line(const char *line, int *len_p)
 {
 	int len = *len_p;
-	while (len && isspace(line[len-1]))
+	while (len && isspace(line[len - 1]))
 		len--;
 	*len_p = len;
 	return !len;
@@ -434,28 +553,11 @@ static void add_merge_info(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 }
 
-static char *get_header(const struct commit *commit, const char *key)
+static char *get_header(const char *msg, const char *key)
 {
-	int key_len = strlen(key);
-	const char *line = commit->buffer;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		const char *eol = strchr(line, '\n'), *next;
-
-		if (line == eol)
-			return NULL;
-		if (!eol) {
-			eol = line + strlen(line);
-			next = NULL;
-		} else
-			next = eol + 1;
-		if (eol - line > key_len &&
-		    !strncmp(line, key, key_len) &&
-		    line[key_len] == ' ') {
-			return xmemdupz(line + key_len + 1, eol - line - key_len - 1);
-		}
-		line = next;
-	}
+	size_t len;
+	const char *v = find_commit_header(msg, key, &len);
+	return v ? xmemdupz(v, len) : NULL;
 }
 
 static char *replace_encoding_header(char *buf, const char *encoding)
@@ -465,7 +567,7 @@ static char *replace_encoding_header(char *buf, const char *encoding)
 	char *cp = buf;
 
 	/* guess if there is an encoding header before a \n\n */
-	while (strncmp(cp, "encoding ", strlen("encoding "))) {
+	while (!starts_with(cp, "encoding ")) {
 		cp = strchr(cp, '\n');
 		if (!cp || *++cp == '\n')
 			return buf;
@@ -489,34 +591,76 @@ static char *replace_encoding_header(char *buf, const char *encoding)
 	return strbuf_detach(&tmp, NULL);
 }
 
-char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
-		      const char *output_encoding)
+const char *logmsg_reencode(const struct commit *commit,
+			    char **commit_encoding,
+			    const char *output_encoding)
 {
 	static const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 	const char *use_encoding;
 	char *encoding;
+	const char *msg = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
 	char *out;
 
-	if (!*output_encoding)
-		return NULL;
-	encoding = get_header(commit, "encoding");
+	if (!output_encoding || !*output_encoding) {
+		if (commit_encoding)
+			*commit_encoding = get_header(msg, "encoding");
+		return msg;
+	}
+	encoding = get_header(msg, "encoding");
+	if (commit_encoding)
+		*commit_encoding = encoding;
 	use_encoding = encoding ? encoding : utf8;
-	if (!strcmp(use_encoding, output_encoding))
-		if (encoding) /* we'll strip encoding header later */
-			out = xstrdup(commit->buffer);
+	if (same_encoding(use_encoding, output_encoding)) {
+		/*
+		 * No encoding work to be done. If we have no encoding header
+		 * at all, then there's nothing to do, and we can return the
+		 * message verbatim (whether newly allocated or not).
+		 */
+		if (!encoding)
+			return msg;
+
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, we still want to munge the encoding header in the
+		 * result, which will be done by modifying the buffer. If we
+		 * are using a fresh copy, we can reuse it. But if we are using
+		 * the cached copy from get_commit_buffer, we need to duplicate it
+		 * to avoid munging the cached copy.
+		 */
+		if (msg == get_cached_commit_buffer(commit, NULL))
+			out = xstrdup(msg);
 		else
-			return NULL; /* nothing to do */
-	else
-		out = reencode_string(commit->buffer,
-				      output_encoding, use_encoding);
+			out = (char *)msg;
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * There's actual encoding work to do. Do the reencoding, which
+		 * still leaves the header to be replaced in the next step. At
+		 * this point, we are done with msg. If we allocated a fresh
+		 * copy, we can free it.
+		 */
+		out = reencode_string(msg, output_encoding, use_encoding);
+		if (out)
+			unuse_commit_buffer(commit, msg);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This replacement actually consumes the buffer we hand it, so we do
+	 * not have to worry about freeing the old "out" here.
+	 */
 	if (out)
 		out = replace_encoding_header(out, output_encoding);
 
-	free(encoding);
-	return out;
+	if (!commit_encoding)
+		free(encoding);
+	/*
+	 * If the re-encoding failed, out might be NULL here; in that
+	 * case we just return the commit message verbatim.
+	 */
+	return out ? out : msg;
 }
 
-static int mailmap_name(char *email, int email_len, char *name, int name_len)
+static int mailmap_name(const char **email, size_t *email_len,
+			const char **name, size_t *name_len)
 {
 	static struct string_list *mail_map;
 	if (!mail_map) {
@@ -531,98 +675,60 @@ static size_t format_person_part(struct strbuf *sb, char part,
 {
 	/* currently all placeholders have same length */
 	const int placeholder_len = 2;
-	int start, end, tz = 0;
-	unsigned long date = 0;
-	char *ep;
-	const char *name_start, *name_end, *mail_start, *mail_end, *msg_end = msg+len;
-	char person_name[1024];
-	char person_mail[1024];
+	struct ident_split s;
+	const char *name, *mail;
+	size_t maillen, namelen;
 
-	/* advance 'end' to point to email start delimiter */
-	for (end = 0; end < len && msg[end] != '<'; end++)
-		; /* do nothing */
-
-	/*
-	 * When end points at the '<' that we found, it should have
-	 * matching '>' later, which means 'end' must be strictly
-	 * below len - 1.
-	 */
-	if (end >= len - 2)
+	if (split_ident_line(&s, msg, len) < 0)
 		goto skip;
 
-	/* Seek for both name and email part */
-	name_start = msg;
-	name_end = msg+end;
-	while (name_end > name_start && isspace(*(name_end-1)))
-		name_end--;
-	mail_start = msg+end+1;
-	mail_end = mail_start;
-	while (mail_end < msg_end && *mail_end != '>')
-		mail_end++;
-	if (mail_end == msg_end)
-		goto skip;
-	end = mail_end-msg;
+	name = s.name_begin;
+	namelen = s.name_end - s.name_begin;
+	mail = s.mail_begin;
+	maillen = s.mail_end - s.mail_begin;
 
-	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') { /* mailmap lookup */
-		strlcpy(person_name, name_start, name_end-name_start+1);
-		strlcpy(person_mail, mail_start, mail_end-mail_start+1);
-		mailmap_name(person_mail, sizeof(person_mail), person_name, sizeof(person_name));
-		name_start = person_name;
-		name_end = name_start + strlen(person_name);
-		mail_start = person_mail;
-		mail_end = mail_start +  strlen(person_mail);
-	}
+	if (part == 'N' || part == 'E') /* mailmap lookup */
+		mailmap_name(&mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen);
 	if (part == 'n' || part == 'N') {	/* name */
-		strbuf_add(sb, name_start, name_end-name_start);
+		strbuf_add(sb, name, namelen);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 	if (part == 'e' || part == 'E') {	/* email */
-		strbuf_add(sb, mail_start, mail_end-mail_start);
+		strbuf_add(sb, mail, maillen);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
-	/* advance 'start' to point to date start delimiter */
-	for (start = end + 1; start < len && isspace(msg[start]); start++)
-		; /* do nothing */
-	if (start >= len)
-		goto skip;
-	date = strtoul(msg + start, &ep, 10);
-	if (msg + start == ep)
+	if (!s.date_begin)
 		goto skip;
 
 	if (part == 't') {	/* date, UNIX timestamp */
-		strbuf_add(sb, msg + start, ep - (msg + start));
+		strbuf_add(sb, s.date_begin, s.date_end - s.date_begin);
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
-	/* parse tz */
-	for (start = ep - msg + 1; start < len && isspace(msg[start]); start++)
-		; /* do nothing */
-	if (start + 1 < len) {
-		tz = strtoul(msg + start + 1, NULL, 10);
-		if (msg[start] == '-')
-			tz = -tz;
-	}
-
 	switch (part) {
 	case 'd':	/* date */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, dmode));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, dmode));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'D':	/* date, RFC2822 style */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_RFC2822));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	case 'r':	/* date, relative */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RELATIVE));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_RELATIVE));
+		return placeholder_len;
+	case 'i':	/* date, ISO 8601-like */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_ISO8601));
 		return placeholder_len;
-	case 'i':	/* date, ISO 8601 */
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(date, tz, DATE_ISO8601));
+	case 'I':	/* date, ISO 8601 strict */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_ident_date(&s, DATE_ISO8601_STRICT));
 		return placeholder_len;
 	}
 
 skip:
 	/*
-	 * bogus commit, 'sb' cannot be updated, but we still need to
-	 * compute a valid return value.
+	 * reading from either a bogus commit, or a reflog entry with
+	 * %gn, %ge, etc.; 'sb' cannot be updated, but we still need
+	 * to compute a valid return value.
 	 */
 	if (part == 'n' || part == 'e' || part == 't' || part == 'd'
 	    || part == 'D' || part == 'r' || part == 'i')
@@ -636,24 +742,38 @@ struct chunk {
 	size_t len;
 };
 
+enum flush_type {
+	no_flush,
+	flush_right,
+	flush_left,
+	flush_left_and_steal,
+	flush_both
+};
+
+enum trunc_type {
+	trunc_none,
+	trunc_left,
+	trunc_middle,
+	trunc_right
+};
+
 struct format_commit_context {
 	const struct commit *commit;
 	const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx;
 	unsigned commit_header_parsed:1;
 	unsigned commit_message_parsed:1;
-	unsigned commit_signature_parsed:1;
-	struct {
-		char *gpg_output;
-		char good_bad;
-		char *signer;
-	} signature;
-	char *message;
+	struct signature_check signature_check;
+	enum flush_type flush_type;
+	enum trunc_type truncate;
+	const char *message;
+	char *commit_encoding;
 	size_t width, indent1, indent2;
+	int auto_color;
+	int padding;
 
 	/* These offsets are relative to the start of the commit message. */
 	struct chunk author;
 	struct chunk committer;
-	struct chunk encoding;
 	size_t message_off;
 	size_t subject_off;
 	size_t body_off;
@@ -688,21 +808,19 @@ static void parse_commit_header(struct format_commit_context *context)
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; msg[i]; i++) {
+		const char *name;
 		int eol;
 		for (eol = i; msg[eol] && msg[eol] != '\n'; eol++)
 			; /* do nothing */
 
 		if (i == eol) {
 			break;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "author ")) {
-			context->author.off = i + 7;
-			context->author.len = eol - i - 7;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "committer ")) {
-			context->committer.off = i + 10;
-			context->committer.len = eol - i - 10;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(msg + i, "encoding ")) {
-			context->encoding.off = i + 9;
-			context->encoding.len = eol - i - 9;
+		} else if (skip_prefix(msg + i, "author ", &name)) {
+			context->author.off = name - msg;
+			context->author.len = msg + eol - name;
+		} else if (skip_prefix(msg + i, "committer ", &name)) {
+			context->committer.off = name - msg;
+			context->committer.len = msg + eol - name;
 		}
 		i = eol;
 	}
@@ -783,23 +901,6 @@ static void parse_commit_message(struct format_commit_context *c)
 	c->commit_message_parsed = 1;
 }
 
-static void format_decoration(struct strbuf *sb, const struct commit *commit)
-{
-	struct name_decoration *d;
-	const char *prefix = " (";
-
-	load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
-	d = lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object);
-	while (d) {
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, prefix);
-		prefix = ", ";
-		strbuf_addstr(sb, d->name);
-		d = d->next;
-	}
-	if (prefix[0] == ',')
-		strbuf_addch(sb, ')');
-}
-
 static void strbuf_wrap(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos,
 			size_t width, size_t indent1, size_t indent2)
 {
@@ -829,59 +930,6 @@ static void rewrap_message_tail(struct strbuf *sb,
 	c->indent2 = new_indent2;
 }
 
-static struct {
-	char result;
-	const char *check;
-} signature_check[] = {
-	{ 'G', ": Good signature from " },
-	{ 'B', ": BAD signature from " },
-};
-
-static void parse_signature_lines(struct format_commit_context *ctx)
-{
-	const char *buf = ctx->signature.gpg_output;
-	int i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(signature_check); i++) {
-		const char *found = strstr(buf, signature_check[i].check);
-		const char *next;
-		if (!found)
-			continue;
-		ctx->signature.good_bad = signature_check[i].result;
-		found += strlen(signature_check[i].check);
-		next = strchrnul(found, '\n');
-		ctx->signature.signer = xmemdupz(found, next - found);
-		break;
-	}
-}
-
-static void parse_commit_signature(struct format_commit_context *ctx)
-{
-	struct strbuf payload = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf signature = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct strbuf gpg_output = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int status;
-
-	ctx->commit_signature_parsed = 1;
-
-	if (parse_signed_commit(ctx->commit->object.sha1,
-				&payload, &signature) <= 0)
-		goto out;
-	status = verify_signed_buffer(payload.buf, payload.len,
-				      signature.buf, signature.len,
-				      &gpg_output);
-	if (status && !gpg_output.len)
-		goto out;
-	ctx->signature.gpg_output = strbuf_detach(&gpg_output, NULL);
-	parse_signature_lines(ctx);
-
- out:
-	strbuf_release(&gpg_output);
-	strbuf_release(&payload);
-	strbuf_release(&signature);
-}
-
-
 static int format_reflog_person(struct strbuf *sb,
 				char part,
 				struct reflog_walk_info *log,
@@ -899,7 +947,107 @@ static int format_reflog_person(struct strbuf *sb,
 	return format_person_part(sb, part, ident, strlen(ident), dmode);
 }
 
-static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+static size_t parse_color(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+			  const char *placeholder,
+			  struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	const char *rest = placeholder;
+
+	if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
+		const char *begin = placeholder + 2;
+		const char *end = strchr(begin, ')');
+		char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
+
+		if (!end)
+			return 0;
+		if (skip_prefix(begin, "auto,", &begin)) {
+			if (!want_color(c->pretty_ctx->color))
+				return end - placeholder + 1;
+		}
+		if (color_parse_mem(begin, end - begin, color) < 0)
+			die(_("unable to parse --pretty format"));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
+		return end - placeholder + 1;
+	}
+	if (skip_prefix(placeholder + 1, "red", &rest))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
+	else if (skip_prefix(placeholder + 1, "green", &rest))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
+	else if (skip_prefix(placeholder + 1, "blue", &rest))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
+	else if (skip_prefix(placeholder + 1, "reset", &rest))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
+	return rest - placeholder;
+}
+
+static size_t parse_padding_placeholder(struct strbuf *sb,
+					const char *placeholder,
+					struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	const char *ch = placeholder;
+	enum flush_type flush_type;
+	int to_column = 0;
+
+	switch (*ch++) {
+	case '<':
+		flush_type = flush_right;
+		break;
+	case '>':
+		if (*ch == '<') {
+			flush_type = flush_both;
+			ch++;
+		} else if (*ch == '>') {
+			flush_type = flush_left_and_steal;
+			ch++;
+		} else
+			flush_type = flush_left;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* the next value means "wide enough to that column" */
+	if (*ch == '|') {
+		to_column = 1;
+		ch++;
+	}
+
+	if (*ch == '(') {
+		const char *start = ch + 1;
+		const char *end = start + strcspn(start, ",)");
+		char *next;
+		int width;
+		if (!end || end == start)
+			return 0;
+		width = strtoul(start, &next, 10);
+		if (next == start || width == 0)
+			return 0;
+		c->padding = to_column ? -width : width;
+		c->flush_type = flush_type;
+
+		if (*end == ',') {
+			start = end + 1;
+			end = strchr(start, ')');
+			if (!end || end == start)
+				return 0;
+			if (starts_with(start, "trunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_right;
+			else if (starts_with(start, "ltrunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_left;
+			else if (starts_with(start, "mtrunc)"))
+				c->truncate = trunc_middle;
+			else
+				return 0;
+		} else
+			c->truncate = trunc_none;
+
+		return end - placeholder + 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				const char *placeholder,
 				void *context)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context *c = context;
@@ -911,31 +1059,20 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 	/* these are independent of the commit */
 	switch (placeholder[0]) {
 	case 'C':
-		if (placeholder[1] == '(') {
-			const char *end = strchr(placeholder + 2, ')');
-			char color[COLOR_MAXLEN];
-			if (!end)
-				return 0;
-			color_parse_mem(placeholder + 2,
-					end - (placeholder + 2),
-					"--pretty format", color);
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, color);
-			return end - placeholder + 1;
+		if (starts_with(placeholder + 1, "(auto)")) {
+			c->auto_color = 1;
+			return 7; /* consumed 7 bytes, "C(auto)" */
+		} else {
+			int ret = parse_color(sb, placeholder, c);
+			if (ret)
+				c->auto_color = 0;
+			/*
+			 * Otherwise, we decided to treat %C<unknown>
+			 * as a literal string, and the previous
+			 * %C(auto) is still valid.
+			 */
+			return ret;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "red")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RED);
-			return 4;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "green")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_GREEN);
-			return 6;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "blue")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_BLUE);
-			return 5;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(placeholder + 1, "reset")) {
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, GIT_COLOR_RESET);
-			return 6;
-		} else
-			return 0;
 	case 'n':		/* newline */
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 		return 1;
@@ -973,6 +1110,10 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 			return end - placeholder + 1;
 		} else
 			return 0;
+
+	case '<':
+	case '>':
+		return parse_padding_placeholder(sb, placeholder, c);
 	}
 
 	/* these depend on the commit */
@@ -981,13 +1122,19 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 
 	switch (placeholder[0]) {
 	case 'H':		/* commit hash */
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_COMMIT));
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 		return 1;
 	case 'h':		/* abbreviated commit hash */
-		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash))
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_COMMIT));
+		if (add_again(sb, &c->abbrev_commit_hash)) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 			return 1;
+		}
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1,
 						     c->pretty_ctx->abbrev));
+		strbuf_addstr(sb, diff_get_color(c->auto_color, DIFF_RESET));
 		c->abbrev_commit_hash.len = sb->len - c->abbrev_commit_hash.off;
 		return 1;
 	case 'T':		/* tree hash */
@@ -1024,7 +1171,12 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, get_revision_mark(NULL, commit));
 		return 1;
 	case 'd':
-		format_decoration(sb, commit);
+		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
+		format_decorations(sb, commit, c->auto_color);
+		return 1;
+	case 'D':
+		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
+		format_decorations_extended(sb, commit, c->auto_color, "", ", ", "");
 		return 1;
 	case 'g':		/* reflog info */
 		switch(placeholder[1]) {
@@ -1034,6 +1186,7 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 				get_reflog_selector(sb,
 						    c->pretty_ctx->reflog_info,
 						    c->pretty_ctx->date_mode,
+						    c->pretty_ctx->date_mode_explicit,
 						    (placeholder[1] == 'd'));
 			return 2;
 		case 's':	/* reflog message */
@@ -1051,33 +1204,40 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 		}
 		return 0;	/* unknown %g placeholder */
 	case 'N':
-		if (c->pretty_ctx->show_notes) {
-			format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, sb,
-				    get_log_output_encoding(), 0);
+		if (c->pretty_ctx->notes_message) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, c->pretty_ctx->notes_message);
 			return 1;
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	if (placeholder[0] == 'G') {
-		if (!c->commit_signature_parsed)
-			parse_commit_signature(c);
+		if (!c->signature_check.result)
+			check_commit_signature(c->commit, &(c->signature_check));
 		switch (placeholder[1]) {
 		case 'G':
-			if (c->signature.gpg_output)
-				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature.gpg_output);
+			if (c->signature_check.gpg_output)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.gpg_output);
 			break;
 		case '?':
-			switch (c->signature.good_bad) {
+			switch (c->signature_check.result) {
 			case 'G':
 			case 'B':
-				strbuf_addch(sb, c->signature.good_bad);
+			case 'U':
+			case 'N':
+				strbuf_addch(sb, c->signature_check.result);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 'S':
-			if (c->signature.signer)
-				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature.signer);
+			if (c->signature_check.signer)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.signer);
+			break;
+		case 'K':
+			if (c->signature_check.key)
+				strbuf_addstr(sb, c->signature_check.key);
 			break;
+		default:
+			return 0;
 		}
 		return 2;
 	}
@@ -1097,7 +1257,8 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 				   msg + c->committer.off, c->committer.len,
 				   c->pretty_ctx->date_mode);
 	case 'e':	/* encoding */
-		strbuf_add(sb, msg + c->encoding.off, c->encoding.len);
+		if (c->commit_encoding)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, c->commit_encoding);
 		return 1;
 	case 'B':	/* raw body */
 		/* message_off is always left at the initial newline */
@@ -1123,7 +1284,109 @@ static size_t format_commit_one(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 	return 0;	/* unknown placeholder */
 }
 
-static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
+static size_t format_and_pad_commit(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				    const char *placeholder,
+				    struct format_commit_context *c)
+{
+	struct strbuf local_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int total_consumed = 0, len, padding = c->padding;
+	if (padding < 0) {
+		const char *start = strrchr(sb->buf, '\n');
+		int occupied;
+		if (!start)
+			start = sb->buf;
+		occupied = utf8_strnwidth(start, -1, 1);
+		padding = (-padding) - occupied;
+	}
+	while (1) {
+		int modifier = *placeholder == 'C';
+		int consumed = format_commit_one(&local_sb, placeholder, c);
+		total_consumed += consumed;
+
+		if (!modifier)
+			break;
+
+		placeholder += consumed;
+		if (*placeholder != '%')
+			break;
+		placeholder++;
+		total_consumed++;
+	}
+	len = utf8_strnwidth(local_sb.buf, -1, 1);
+
+	if (c->flush_type == flush_left_and_steal) {
+		const char *ch = sb->buf + sb->len - 1;
+		while (len > padding && ch > sb->buf) {
+			const char *p;
+			if (*ch == ' ') {
+				ch--;
+				padding++;
+				continue;
+			}
+			/* check for trailing ansi sequences */
+			if (*ch != 'm')
+				break;
+			p = ch - 1;
+			while (ch - p < 10 && *p != '\033')
+				p--;
+			if (*p != '\033' ||
+			    ch + 1 - p != display_mode_esc_sequence_len(p))
+				break;
+			/*
+			 * got a good ansi sequence, put it back to
+			 * local_sb as we're cutting sb
+			 */
+			strbuf_insert(&local_sb, 0, p, ch + 1 - p);
+			ch = p - 1;
+		}
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, ch + 1 - sb->buf);
+		c->flush_type = flush_left;
+	}
+
+	if (len > padding) {
+		switch (c->truncate) {
+		case trunc_left:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    0, len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_middle:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    padding / 2 - 1,
+					    len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_right:
+			strbuf_utf8_replace(&local_sb,
+					    padding - 2, len - (padding - 2),
+					    "..");
+			break;
+		case trunc_none:
+			break;
+		}
+		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &local_sb);
+	} else {
+		int sb_len = sb->len, offset = 0;
+		if (c->flush_type == flush_left)
+			offset = padding - len;
+		else if (c->flush_type == flush_both)
+			offset = (padding - len) / 2;
+		/*
+		 * we calculate padding in columns, now
+		 * convert it back to chars
+		 */
+		padding = padding - len + local_sb.len;
+		strbuf_addchars(sb, ' ', padding);
+		memcpy(sb->buf + sb_len + offset, local_sb.buf,
+		       local_sb.len);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&local_sb);
+	c->flush_type = no_flush;
+	return total_consumed;
+}
+
+static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, /* in UTF-8 */
+				 const char *placeholder,
 				 void *context)
 {
 	int consumed;
@@ -1152,7 +1415,10 @@ static size_t format_commit_item(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder,
 		placeholder++;
 
 	orig_len = sb->len;
-	consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
+	if (((struct format_commit_context *)context)->flush_type != no_flush)
+		consumed = format_and_pad_commit(sb, placeholder, context);
+	else
+		consumed = format_commit_one(sb, placeholder, context);
 	if (magic == NO_MAGIC)
 		return consumed;
 
@@ -1202,34 +1468,47 @@ void format_commit_message(const struct commit *commit,
 			   const struct pretty_print_context *pretty_ctx)
 {
 	struct format_commit_context context;
-	static const char utf8[] = "UTF-8";
 	const char *output_enc = pretty_ctx->output_encoding;
+	const char *utf8 = "UTF-8";
 
 	memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context));
 	context.commit = commit;
 	context.pretty_ctx = pretty_ctx;
 	context.wrap_start = sb->len;
-	context.message = commit->buffer;
-	if (output_enc) {
-		char *enc = get_header(commit, "encoding");
-		if (strcmp(enc ? enc : utf8, output_enc)) {
-			context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit, output_enc);
-			if (!context.message)
-				context.message = commit->buffer;
-		}
-		free(enc);
-	}
+	/*
+	 * convert a commit message to UTF-8 first
+	 * as far as 'format_commit_item' assumes it in UTF-8
+	 */
+	context.message = logmsg_reencode(commit,
+					  &context.commit_encoding,
+					  utf8);
 
 	strbuf_expand(sb, format, format_commit_item, &context);
 	rewrap_message_tail(sb, &context, 0, 0, 0);
 
-	if (context.message != commit->buffer)
-		free(context.message);
-	free(context.signature.gpg_output);
-	free(context.signature.signer);
+	/* then convert a commit message to an actual output encoding */
+	if (output_enc) {
+		if (same_encoding(utf8, output_enc))
+			output_enc = NULL;
+	} else {
+		if (context.commit_encoding &&
+		    !same_encoding(context.commit_encoding, utf8))
+			output_enc = context.commit_encoding;
+	}
+
+	if (output_enc) {
+		int outsz;
+		char *out = reencode_string_len(sb->buf, sb->len,
+						output_enc, utf8, &outsz);
+		if (out)
+			strbuf_attach(sb, out, outsz, outsz + 1);
+	}
+
+	free(context.commit_encoding);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, context.message);
 }
 
-static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+static void pp_header(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		      const char *encoding,
 		      const struct commit *commit,
 		      const char **msg_p,
@@ -1238,7 +1517,7 @@ static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	int parents_shown = 0;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		const char *line = *msg_p;
+		const char *name, *line = *msg_p;
 		int linelen = get_one_line(*msg_p);
 
 		if (!linelen)
@@ -1254,19 +1533,14 @@ static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (!memcmp(line, "parent ", 7)) {
+		if (starts_with(line, "parent ")) {
 			if (linelen != 48)
 				die("bad parent line in commit");
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		if (!parents_shown) {
-			struct commit_list *parent;
-			int num;
-			for (parent = commit->parents, num = 0;
-			     parent;
-			     parent = parent->next, num++)
-				;
+			unsigned num = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
 			/* with enough slop */
 			strbuf_grow(sb, num * 50 + 20);
 			add_merge_info(pp, sb, commit);
@@ -1278,24 +1552,25 @@ static void pp_header(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		 * FULL shows both authors but not dates.
 		 * FULLER shows both authors and dates.
 		 */
-		if (!memcmp(line, "author ", 7)) {
+		if (skip_prefix(line, "author ", &name)) {
 			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
-			pp_user_info(pp, "Author", sb, line + 7, encoding);
+			pp_user_info(pp, "Author", sb, name, encoding);
 		}
-		if (!memcmp(line, "committer ", 10) &&
+		if (skip_prefix(line, "committer ", &name) &&
 		    (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULL || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_FULLER)) {
 			strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + 80);
-			pp_user_info(pp, "Commit", sb, line + 10, encoding);
+			pp_user_info(pp, "Commit", sb, name, encoding);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_title_line(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		   const char **msg_p,
 		   struct strbuf *sb,
 		   const char *encoding,
 		   int need_8bit_cte)
 {
+	static const int max_length = 78; /* per rfc2047 */
 	struct strbuf title;
 
 	strbuf_init(&title, 80);
@@ -1305,12 +1580,27 @@ void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	strbuf_grow(sb, title.len + 1024);
 	if (pp->subject) {
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, pp->subject);
-		add_rfc2047(sb, title.buf, title.len, encoding);
+		if (needs_rfc2047_encoding(title.buf, title.len, RFC2047_SUBJECT))
+			add_rfc2047(sb, title.buf, title.len,
+						encoding, RFC2047_SUBJECT);
+		else
+			strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(sb, title.buf, title.len,
+					 -last_line_length(sb), 1, max_length);
 	} else {
 		strbuf_addbuf(sb, &title);
 	}
 	strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 
+	if (need_8bit_cte == 0) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < pp->in_body_headers.nr; i++) {
+			if (has_non_ascii(pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string)) {
+				need_8bit_cte = 1;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (need_8bit_cte > 0) {
 		const char *header_fmt =
 			"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
@@ -1324,10 +1614,21 @@ void pp_title_line(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL) {
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 	}
+
+	if (pp->in_body_headers.nr) {
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < pp->in_body_headers.nr; i++) {
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string);
+			free(pp->in_body_headers.items[i].string);
+		}
+		string_list_clear(&pp->in_body_headers, 0);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+	}
+
 	strbuf_release(&title);
 }
 
-void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pp_remainder(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		  const char **msg_p,
 		  struct strbuf *sb,
 		  int indent)
@@ -1350,33 +1651,21 @@ void pp_remainder(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		first = 0;
 
 		strbuf_grow(sb, linelen + indent + 20);
-		if (indent) {
-			memset(sb->buf + sb->len, ' ', indent);
-			strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + indent);
-		}
+		if (indent)
+			strbuf_addchars(sb, ' ', indent);
 		strbuf_add(sb, line, linelen);
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 	}
 }
 
-char *reencode_commit_message(const struct commit *commit, const char **encoding_p)
-{
-	const char *encoding;
-
-	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
-	if (encoding_p)
-		*encoding_p = encoding;
-	return logmsg_reencode(commit, encoding);
-}
-
-void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
+void pretty_print_commit(struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 			 const struct commit *commit,
 			 struct strbuf *sb)
 {
 	unsigned long beginning_of_body;
 	int indent = 4;
-	const char *msg = commit->buffer;
-	char *reencoded;
+	const char *msg;
+	const char *reencoded;
 	const char *encoding;
 	int need_8bit_cte = pp->need_8bit_cte;
 
@@ -1385,10 +1674,8 @@ void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	reencoded = reencode_commit_message(commit, &encoding);
-	if (reencoded) {
-		msg = reencoded;
-	}
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	msg = reencoded = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
 
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_ONELINE || pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL)
 		indent = 0;
@@ -1445,11 +1732,7 @@ void pretty_print_commit(const struct pretty_print_context *pp,
 	if (pp->fmt == CMIT_FMT_EMAIL && sb->len <= beginning_of_body)
 		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
 
-	if (pp->show_notes)
-		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, sb, encoding,
-				     NOTES_SHOW_HEADER | NOTES_INDENT);
-
-	free(reencoded);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, reencoded);
 }
 
 void pp_commit_easy(enum cmit_fmt fmt, const struct commit *commit,
diff --git a/prio-queue.c b/prio-queue.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4365b00d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prio-queue.c
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+
+static inline int compare(struct prio_queue *queue, int i, int j)
+{
+	int cmp = queue->compare(queue->array[i].data, queue->array[j].data,
+				 queue->cb_data);
+	if (!cmp)
+		cmp = queue->array[i].ctr - queue->array[j].ctr;
+	return cmp;
+}
+
+static inline void swap(struct prio_queue *queue, int i, int j)
+{
+	struct prio_queue_entry tmp = queue->array[i];
+	queue->array[i] = queue->array[j];
+	queue->array[j] = tmp;
+}
+
+void prio_queue_reverse(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	if (queue->compare != NULL)
+		die("BUG: prio_queue_reverse() on non-LIFO queue");
+	for (i = 0; i <= (j = (queue->nr - 1) - i); i++)
+		swap(queue, i, j);
+}
+
+void clear_prio_queue(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	free(queue->array);
+	queue->nr = 0;
+	queue->alloc = 0;
+	queue->array = NULL;
+	queue->insertion_ctr = 0;
+}
+
+void prio_queue_put(struct prio_queue *queue, void *thing)
+{
+	int ix, parent;
+
+	/* Append at the end */
+	ALLOC_GROW(queue->array, queue->nr + 1, queue->alloc);
+	queue->array[queue->nr].ctr = queue->insertion_ctr++;
+	queue->array[queue->nr].data = thing;
+	queue->nr++;
+	if (!queue->compare)
+		return; /* LIFO */
+
+	/* Bubble up the new one */
+	for (ix = queue->nr - 1; ix; ix = parent) {
+		parent = (ix - 1) / 2;
+		if (compare(queue, parent, ix) <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		swap(queue, parent, ix);
+	}
+}
+
+void *prio_queue_get(struct prio_queue *queue)
+{
+	void *result;
+	int ix, child;
+
+	if (!queue->nr)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!queue->compare)
+		return queue->array[--queue->nr].data; /* LIFO */
+
+	result = queue->array[0].data;
+	if (!--queue->nr)
+		return result;
+
+	queue->array[0] = queue->array[queue->nr];
+
+	/* Push down the one at the root */
+	for (ix = 0; ix * 2 + 1 < queue->nr; ix = child) {
+		child = ix * 2 + 1; /* left */
+		if (child + 1 < queue->nr &&
+		    compare(queue, child, child + 1) >= 0)
+			child++; /* use right child */
+
+		if (compare(queue, ix, child) <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		swap(queue, child, ix);
+	}
+	return result;
+}
diff --git a/prio-queue.h b/prio-queue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d030ec9dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prio-queue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#ifndef PRIO_QUEUE_H
+#define PRIO_QUEUE_H
+
+/*
+ * A priority queue implementation, primarily for keeping track of
+ * commits in the 'date-order' so that we process them from new to old
+ * as they are discovered, but can be used to hold any pointer to
+ * struct.  The caller is responsible for supplying a function to
+ * compare two "things".
+ *
+ * Alternatively, this data structure can also be used as a LIFO stack
+ * by specifying NULL as the comparison function.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Compare two "things", one and two; the third parameter is cb_data
+ * in the prio_queue structure.  The result is returned as a sign of
+ * the return value, being the same as the sign of the result of
+ * subtracting "two" from "one" (i.e. negative if "one" sorts earlier
+ * than "two").
+ */
+typedef int (*prio_queue_compare_fn)(const void *one, const void *two, void *cb_data);
+
+struct prio_queue_entry {
+	unsigned ctr;
+	void *data;
+};
+
+struct prio_queue {
+	prio_queue_compare_fn compare;
+	unsigned insertion_ctr;
+	void *cb_data;
+	int alloc, nr;
+	struct prio_queue_entry *array;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Add the "thing" to the queue.
+ */
+extern void prio_queue_put(struct prio_queue *, void *thing);
+
+/*
+ * Extract the "thing" that compares the smallest out of the queue,
+ * or NULL.  If compare function is NULL, the queue acts as a LIFO
+ * stack.
+ */
+extern void *prio_queue_get(struct prio_queue *);
+
+extern void clear_prio_queue(struct prio_queue *);
+
+/* Reverse the LIFO elements */
+extern void prio_queue_reverse(struct prio_queue *);
+
+#endif /* PRIO_QUEUE_H */
diff --git a/progress.c b/progress.c
index 3971f49f4d..412e6b1ecc 100644
--- a/progress.c
+++ b/progress.c
@@ -9,14 +9,17 @@
  */
 
 #include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "gettext.h"
 #include "progress.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "trace.h"
 
 #define TP_IDX_MAX      8
 
 struct throughput {
 	off_t curr_total;
 	off_t prev_total;
-	struct timeval prev_tv;
+	uint64_t prev_ns;
 	unsigned int avg_bytes;
 	unsigned int avg_misecs;
 	unsigned int last_bytes[TP_IDX_MAX];
@@ -112,95 +115,78 @@ static int display(struct progress *progress, unsigned n, const char *done)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void throughput_string(struct throughput *tp, off_t total,
+static void throughput_string(struct strbuf *buf, off_t total,
 			      unsigned int rate)
 {
-	int l = sizeof(tp->display);
-	if (total > 1 << 30) {
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u GiB",
-			      (int)(total >> 30),
-			      (int)(total & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
-	} else if (total > 1 << 20) {
-		int x = total + 5243;  /* for rounding */
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u MiB",
-			      x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
-	} else if (total > 1 << 10) {
-		int x = total + 5;  /* for rounding */
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u.%2.2u KiB",
-			      x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
-	} else {
-		l -= snprintf(tp->display, l, ", %u bytes", (int)total);
-	}
-
-	if (rate > 1 << 10) {
-		int x = rate + 5;  /* for rounding */
-		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
-			 " | %u.%2.2u MiB/s",
-			 x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
-	} else if (rate)
-		snprintf(tp->display + sizeof(tp->display) - l, l,
-			 " | %u KiB/s", rate);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, ", ");
+	strbuf_humanise_bytes(buf, total);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, " | ");
+	strbuf_humanise_bytes(buf, rate * 1024);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, "/s");
 }
 
 void display_throughput(struct progress *progress, off_t total)
 {
 	struct throughput *tp;
-	struct timeval tv;
-	unsigned int misecs;
+	uint64_t now_ns;
+	unsigned int misecs, count, rate;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (!progress)
 		return;
 	tp = progress->throughput;
 
-	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	now_ns = getnanotime();
 
 	if (!tp) {
 		progress->throughput = tp = calloc(1, sizeof(*tp));
 		if (tp) {
 			tp->prev_total = tp->curr_total = total;
-			tp->prev_tv = tv;
+			tp->prev_ns = now_ns;
 		}
 		return;
 	}
 	tp->curr_total = total;
 
+	/* only update throughput every 0.5 s */
+	if (now_ns - tp->prev_ns <= 500000000)
+		return;
+
 	/*
-	 * We have x = bytes and y = microsecs.  We want z = KiB/s:
+	 * We have x = bytes and y = nanosecs.  We want z = KiB/s:
 	 *
-	 *	z = (x / 1024) / (y / 1000000)
-	 *	z = x / y * 1000000 / 1024
-	 *	z = x / (y * 1024 / 1000000)
+	 *	z = (x / 1024) / (y / 1000000000)
+	 *	z = x / y * 1000000000 / 1024
+	 *	z = x / (y * 1024 / 1000000000)
 	 *	z = x / y'
 	 *
 	 * To simplify things we'll keep track of misecs, or 1024th of a sec
 	 * obtained with:
 	 *
-	 *	y' = y * 1024 / 1000000
-	 *	y' = y / (1000000 / 1024)
-	 *	y' = y / 977
+	 *	y' = y * 1024 / 1000000000
+	 *	y' = y * (2^10 / 2^42) * (2^42 / 1000000000)
+	 *	y' = y / 2^32 * 4398
+	 *	y' = (y * 4398) >> 32
 	 */
-	misecs = (tv.tv_sec - tp->prev_tv.tv_sec) * 1024;
-	misecs += (int)(tv.tv_usec - tp->prev_tv.tv_usec) / 977;
-
-	if (misecs > 512) {
-		unsigned int count, rate;
+	misecs = ((now_ns - tp->prev_ns) * 4398) >> 32;
 
-		count = total - tp->prev_total;
-		tp->prev_total = total;
-		tp->prev_tv = tv;
-		tp->avg_bytes += count;
-		tp->avg_misecs += misecs;
-		rate = tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
-		tp->avg_bytes -= tp->last_bytes[tp->idx];
-		tp->avg_misecs -= tp->last_misecs[tp->idx];
-		tp->last_bytes[tp->idx] = count;
-		tp->last_misecs[tp->idx] = misecs;
-		tp->idx = (tp->idx + 1) % TP_IDX_MAX;
+	count = total - tp->prev_total;
+	tp->prev_total = total;
+	tp->prev_ns = now_ns;
+	tp->avg_bytes += count;
+	tp->avg_misecs += misecs;
+	rate = tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
+	tp->avg_bytes -= tp->last_bytes[tp->idx];
+	tp->avg_misecs -= tp->last_misecs[tp->idx];
+	tp->last_bytes[tp->idx] = count;
+	tp->last_misecs[tp->idx] = misecs;
+	tp->idx = (tp->idx + 1) % TP_IDX_MAX;
 
-		throughput_string(tp, total, rate);
-		if (progress->last_value != -1 && progress_update)
-			display(progress, progress->last_value, NULL);
-	}
+	throughput_string(&buf, total, rate);
+	strncpy(tp->display, buf.buf, sizeof(tp->display));
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	if (progress->last_value != -1 && progress_update)
+		display(progress, progress->last_value, NULL);
 }
 
 int display_progress(struct progress *progress, unsigned n)
@@ -236,7 +222,7 @@ struct progress *start_progress(const char *title, unsigned total)
 
 void stop_progress(struct progress **p_progress)
 {
-	stop_progress_msg(p_progress, "done");
+	stop_progress_msg(p_progress, _("done"));
 }
 
 void stop_progress_msg(struct progress **p_progress, const char *msg)
@@ -253,9 +239,12 @@ void stop_progress_msg(struct progress **p_progress, const char *msg)
 
 		bufp = (len < sizeof(buf)) ? buf : xmalloc(len + 1);
 		if (tp) {
+			struct strbuf strbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 			unsigned int rate = !tp->avg_misecs ? 0 :
 					tp->avg_bytes / tp->avg_misecs;
-			throughput_string(tp, tp->curr_total, rate);
+			throughput_string(&strbuf, tp->curr_total, rate);
+			strncpy(tp->display, strbuf.buf, sizeof(tp->display));
+			strbuf_release(&strbuf);
 		}
 		progress_update = 1;
 		sprintf(bufp, ", %s.\n", msg);
diff --git a/prompt.c b/prompt.c
index d851807feb..75406390c6 100644
--- a/prompt.c
+++ b/prompt.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 static char *do_askpass(const char *cmd, const char *prompt)
 {
-	struct child_process pass;
+	struct child_process pass = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *args[3];
 	static struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int err = 0;
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ static char *do_askpass(const char *cmd, const char *prompt)
 	args[1]	= prompt;
 	args[2] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&pass, 0, sizeof(pass));
 	pass.argv = args;
 	pass.out = -1;
 
 	if (start_command(&pass))
 		return NULL;
 
+	strbuf_reset(&buffer);
 	if (strbuf_read(&buffer, pass.out, 20) < 0)
 		err = 1;
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static char *do_askpass(const char *cmd, const char *prompt)
 
 	strbuf_setlen(&buffer, strcspn(buffer.buf, "\r\n"));
 
-	return strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
+	return buffer.buf;
 }
 
 char *git_prompt(const char *prompt, int flags)
@@ -57,16 +57,19 @@ char *git_prompt(const char *prompt, int flags)
 			r = do_askpass(askpass, prompt);
 	}
 
-	if (!r)
-		r = git_terminal_prompt(prompt, flags & PROMPT_ECHO);
 	if (!r) {
-		/* prompts already contain ": " at the end */
-		die("could not read %s%s", prompt, strerror(errno));
+		const char *err;
+
+		if (git_env_bool("GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT", 1)) {
+			r = git_terminal_prompt(prompt, flags & PROMPT_ECHO);
+			err = strerror(errno);
+		} else {
+			err = "terminal prompts disabled";
+		}
+		if (!r) {
+			/* prompts already contain ": " at the end */
+			die("could not read %s%s", prompt, err);
+		}
 	}
 	return r;
 }
-
-char *git_getpass(const char *prompt)
-{
-	return git_prompt(prompt, PROMPT_ASKPASS);
-}
diff --git a/prompt.h b/prompt.h
index 04f321a781..e04cced030 100644
--- a/prompt.h
+++ b/prompt.h
@@ -5,6 +5,5 @@
 #define PROMPT_ECHO    (1<<1)
 
 char *git_prompt(const char *prompt, int flags);
-char *git_getpass(const char *prompt);
 
 #endif /* PROMPT_H */
diff --git a/quote.c b/quote.c
index 911229fdf3..7920e18e44 100644
--- a/quote.c
+++ b/quote.c
@@ -42,23 +42,6 @@ void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *dst, const char *src)
 	free(to_free);
 }
 
-void sq_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
-{
-	char c;
-
-	fputc('\'', stream);
-	while ((c = *src++)) {
-		if (need_bs_quote(c)) {
-			fputs("'\\", stream);
-			fputc(c, stream);
-			fputc('\'', stream);
-		} else {
-			fputc(c, stream);
-		}
-	}
-	fputc('\'', stream);
-}
-
 void sq_quote_argv(struct strbuf *dst, const char** argv, size_t maxlen)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -291,103 +274,27 @@ void write_name_quoted(const char *name, FILE *fp, int terminator)
 	fputc(terminator, fp);
 }
 
-void write_name_quotedpfx(const char *pfx, size_t pfxlen,
-			  const char *name, FILE *fp, int terminator)
-{
-	int needquote = 0;
-
-	if (terminator) {
-		needquote = next_quote_pos(pfx, pfxlen) < pfxlen
-			|| name[next_quote_pos(name, -1)];
-	}
-	if (needquote) {
-		fputc('"', fp);
-		quote_c_style_counted(pfx, pfxlen, NULL, fp, 1);
-		quote_c_style(name, NULL, fp, 1);
-		fputc('"', fp);
-	} else {
-		fwrite(pfx, pfxlen, 1, fp);
-		fputs(name, fp);
-	}
-	fputc(terminator, fp);
-}
-
-static const char *path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-				 struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix,
-				 int prefix_len);
-
-void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, size_t len,
-				const char *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, const char *prefix,
 				FILE *fp, int terminator)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	name = path_relative(name, len, &sb, prefix, prefix_len);
+	name = relative_path(name, prefix, &sb);
 	write_name_quoted(name, fp, terminator);
 
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
 
-/*
- * Give path as relative to prefix.
- *
- * The strbuf may or may not be used, so do not assume it contains the
- * returned path.
- */
-static const char *path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-				 struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix,
-				 int prefix_len)
-{
-	int off, i;
-
-	if (len < 0)
-		len = strlen(in);
-	if (prefix_len < 0) {
-		if (prefix)
-			prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
-		else
-			prefix_len = 0;
-	}
-
-	off = 0;
-	i = 0;
-	while (i < prefix_len && i < len && prefix[i] == in[i]) {
-		if (prefix[i] == '/')
-			off = i + 1;
-		i++;
-	}
-	in += off;
-	len -= off;
-
-	if (i >= prefix_len)
-		return in;
-
-	strbuf_reset(sb);
-	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
-
-	while (i < prefix_len) {
-		if (prefix[i] == '/')
-			strbuf_addstr(sb, "../");
-		i++;
-	}
-	strbuf_add(sb, in, len);
-
-	return sb->buf;
-}
-
 /* quote path as relative to the given prefix */
-char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-			  struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix)
+char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *out)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *rel = path_relative(in, len, &sb, prefix, -1);
+	const char *rel = relative_path(in, prefix, &sb);
 	strbuf_reset(out);
 	quote_c_style_counted(rel, strlen(rel), out, NULL, 0);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 
-	if (!out->len)
-		strbuf_addstr(out, "./");
-
 	return out->buf;
 }
 
@@ -463,72 +370,72 @@ int unquote_c_style(struct strbuf *sb, const char *quoted, const char **endp)
 
 /* quoting as a string literal for other languages */
 
-void perl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void perl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	const char sq = '\'';
 	const char bq = '\\';
 	char c;
 
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		if (c == sq || c == bq)
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-		fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 	}
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 }
 
-void python_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void python_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	const char sq = '\'';
 	const char bq = '\\';
 	const char nl = '\n';
 	char c;
 
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		if (c == nl) {
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-			fputc('n', stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, 'n');
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (c == sq || c == bq)
-			fputc(bq, stream);
-		fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, bq);
+		strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 	}
-	fputc(sq, stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, sq);
 }
 
-void tcl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src)
+void tcl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src)
 {
 	char c;
 
-	fputc('"', stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '"');
 	while ((c = *src++)) {
 		switch (c) {
 		case '[': case ']':
 		case '{': case '}':
 		case '$': case '\\': case '"':
-			fputc('\\', stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '\\');
 		default:
-			fputc(c, stream);
+			strbuf_addch(sb, c);
 			break;
 		case '\f':
-			fputs("\\f", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\f");
 			break;
 		case '\r':
-			fputs("\\r", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\r");
 			break;
 		case '\n':
-			fputs("\\n", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\n");
 			break;
 		case '\t':
-			fputs("\\t", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\t");
 			break;
 		case '\v':
-			fputs("\\v", stream);
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, "\\v");
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-	fputc('"', stream);
+	strbuf_addch(sb, '"');
 }
diff --git a/quote.h b/quote.h
index 133155a48b..99e04d34bf 100644
--- a/quote.h
+++ b/quote.h
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ struct strbuf;
  * excluding the final null regardless of the buffer size.
  */
 
-extern void sq_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-
 extern void sq_quote_buf(struct strbuf *, const char *src);
 extern void sq_quote_argv(struct strbuf *, const char **argv, size_t maxlen);
 
@@ -58,19 +56,16 @@ extern size_t quote_c_style(const char *name, struct strbuf *, FILE *, int no_dq
 extern void quote_two_c_style(struct strbuf *, const char *, const char *, int);
 
 extern void write_name_quoted(const char *name, FILE *, int terminator);
-extern void write_name_quotedpfx(const char *pfx, size_t pfxlen,
-                                 const char *name, FILE *, int terminator);
-extern void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, size_t len,
-		const char *prefix, size_t prefix_len,
+extern void write_name_quoted_relative(const char *name, const char *prefix,
 		FILE *fp, int terminator);
 
 /* quote path as relative to the given prefix */
-extern char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, int len,
-			  struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix);
+extern char *quote_path_relative(const char *in, const char *prefix,
+			  struct strbuf *out);
 
 /* quoting as a string literal for other languages */
-extern void perl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-extern void python_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
-extern void tcl_quote_print(FILE *stream, const char *src);
+extern void perl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
+extern void python_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
+extern void tcl_quote_buf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *src);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/reachable.c b/reachable.c
index bf7970661f..a647267ae9 100644
--- a/reachable.c
+++ b/reachable.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "reachable.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "progress.h"
+#include "list-objects.h"
 
 struct connectivity_progress {
 	struct progress *progress;
@@ -21,199 +22,134 @@ static void update_progress(struct connectivity_progress *cp)
 		display_progress(cp->progress, cp->count);
 }
 
-static void process_blob(struct blob *blob,
-			 struct object_array *p,
-			 struct name_path *path,
-			 const char *name,
-			 struct connectivity_progress *cp)
+static int add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct object *obj = &blob->object;
+	struct object *object = parse_object_or_die(sha1, path);
+	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
 
-	if (!blob)
-		die("bad blob object");
-	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
-		return;
-	obj->flags |= SEEN;
-	update_progress(cp);
-	/* Nothing to do, really .. The blob lookup was the important part */
+	add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void process_gitlink(const unsigned char *sha1,
-			    struct object_array *p,
-			    struct name_path *path,
-			    const char *name)
+/*
+ * The traversal will have already marked us as SEEN, so we
+ * only need to handle any progress reporting here.
+ */
+static void mark_object(struct object *obj, const struct name_path *path,
+			const char *name, void *data)
 {
-	/* I don't think we want to recurse into this, really. */
+	update_progress(data);
 }
 
-static void process_tree(struct tree *tree,
-			 struct object_array *p,
-			 struct name_path *path,
-			 const char *name,
-			 struct connectivity_progress *cp)
+static void mark_commit(struct commit *c, void *data)
 {
-	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
-	struct tree_desc desc;
-	struct name_entry entry;
-	struct name_path me;
-
-	if (!tree)
-		die("bad tree object");
-	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
-		return;
-	obj->flags |= SEEN;
-	update_progress(cp);
-	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
-		die("bad tree object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-	add_object(obj, p, path, name);
-	me.up = path;
-	me.elem = name;
-	me.elem_len = strlen(name);
-
-	init_tree_desc(&desc, tree->buffer, tree->size);
-
-	while (tree_entry(&desc, &entry)) {
-		if (S_ISDIR(entry.mode))
-			process_tree(lookup_tree(entry.sha1), p, &me, entry.path, cp);
-		else if (S_ISGITLINK(entry.mode))
-			process_gitlink(entry.sha1, p, &me, entry.path);
-		else
-			process_blob(lookup_blob(entry.sha1), p, &me, entry.path, cp);
-	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	mark_object(&c->object, NULL, NULL, data);
 }
 
-static void process_tag(struct tag *tag, struct object_array *p,
-			const char *name, struct connectivity_progress *cp)
+struct recent_data {
+	struct rev_info *revs;
+	unsigned long timestamp;
+};
+
+static void add_recent_object(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      unsigned long mtime,
+			      struct recent_data *data)
 {
-	struct object *obj = &tag->object;
+	struct object *obj;
+	enum object_type type;
 
-	if (obj->flags & SEEN)
+	if (mtime <= data->timestamp)
 		return;
-	obj->flags |= SEEN;
-	update_progress(cp);
 
-	if (parse_tag(tag) < 0)
-		die("bad tag object %s", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1));
-	if (tag->tagged)
-		add_object(tag->tagged, p, NULL, name);
-}
-
-static void walk_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs,
-			     struct connectivity_progress *cp)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct commit *commit;
-	struct object_array objects = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-
-	/* Walk all commits, process their trees */
-	while ((commit = get_revision(revs)) != NULL) {
-		process_tree(commit->tree, &objects, NULL, "", cp);
-		update_progress(cp);
-	}
-
-	/* Then walk all the pending objects, recursively processing them too */
-	for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
-		struct object_array_entry *pending = revs->pending.objects + i;
-		struct object *obj = pending->item;
-		const char *name = pending->name;
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-			process_tag((struct tag *) obj, &objects, name, cp);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_TREE) {
-			process_tree((struct tree *)obj, &objects, NULL, name, cp);
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (obj->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
-			process_blob((struct blob *)obj, &objects, NULL, name, cp);
-			continue;
-		}
-		die("unknown pending object %s (%s)", sha1_to_hex(obj->sha1), name);
+	/*
+	 * We do not want to call parse_object here, because
+	 * inflating blobs and trees could be very expensive.
+	 * However, we do need to know the correct type for
+	 * later processing, and the revision machinery expects
+	 * commits and tags to have been parsed.
+	 */
+	type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (type < 0)
+		die("unable to get object info for %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case OBJ_TAG:
+	case OBJ_COMMIT:
+		obj = parse_object_or_die(sha1, NULL);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_TREE:
+		obj = (struct object *)lookup_tree(sha1);
+		break;
+	case OBJ_BLOB:
+		obj = (struct object *)lookup_blob(sha1);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("unknown object type for %s: %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(type));
 	}
-}
 
-static int add_one_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
-		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
-		const char *message, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct object *object;
-	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
+	if (!obj)
+		die("unable to lookup %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
-	object = parse_object(osha1);
-	if (object)
-		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
-	object = parse_object(nsha1);
-	if (object)
-		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
-	return 0;
+	add_pending_object(data->revs, obj, "");
 }
 
-static int add_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int add_recent_loose(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			    const char *path, void *data)
 {
-	struct object *object = parse_object(sha1);
-	struct rev_info *revs = (struct rev_info *)cb_data;
+	struct stat st;
+	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 
-	if (!object)
-		die("bad object ref: %s:%s", path, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+	if (obj && obj->flags & SEEN)
+		return 0;
 
-	return 0;
-}
+	if (stat(path, &st) < 0) {
+		/*
+		 * It's OK if an object went away during our iteration; this
+		 * could be due to a simultaneous repack. But anything else
+		 * we should abort, since we might then fail to mark objects
+		 * which should not be pruned.
+		 */
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		return error("unable to stat %s: %s",
+			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), strerror(errno));
+	}
 
-static int add_one_reflog(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
-{
-	for_each_reflog_ent(path, add_one_reflog_ent, cb_data);
+	add_recent_object(sha1, st.st_mtime, data);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void add_one_tree(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *revs)
+static int add_recent_packed(const unsigned char *sha1,
+			     struct packed_git *p, uint32_t pos,
+			     void *data)
 {
-	struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(sha1);
-	if (tree)
-		add_pending_object(revs, &tree->object, "");
-}
+	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 
-static void add_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it, struct rev_info *revs)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	if (it->entry_count >= 0)
-		add_one_tree(it->sha1, revs);
-	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++)
-		add_cache_tree(it->down[i]->cache_tree, revs);
+	if (obj && obj->flags & SEEN)
+		return 0;
+	add_recent_object(sha1, p->mtime, data);
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void add_cache_refs(struct rev_info *revs)
+int add_unseen_recent_objects_to_traversal(struct rev_info *revs,
+					   unsigned long timestamp)
 {
-	int i;
+	struct recent_data data;
+	int r;
 
-	read_cache();
-	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		/*
-		 * The index can contain blobs and GITLINKs, GITLINKs are hashes
-		 * that don't actually point to objects in the repository, it's
-		 * almost guaranteed that they are NOT blobs, so we don't call
-		 * lookup_blob() on them, to avoid populating the hash table
-		 * with invalid information
-		 */
-		if (S_ISGITLINK(active_cache[i]->ce_mode))
-			continue;
+	data.revs = revs;
+	data.timestamp = timestamp;
 
-		lookup_blob(active_cache[i]->sha1);
-		/*
-		 * We could add the blobs to the pending list, but quite
-		 * frankly, we don't care. Once we've looked them up, and
-		 * added them as objects, we've really done everything
-		 * there is to do for a blob
-		 */
-	}
-	if (active_cache_tree)
-		add_cache_tree(active_cache_tree, revs);
+	r = for_each_loose_object(add_recent_loose, &data);
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+	return for_each_packed_object(add_recent_packed, &data);
 }
 
 void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog,
+			    unsigned long mark_recent,
 			    struct progress *progress)
 {
 	struct connectivity_progress cp;
@@ -227,14 +163,17 @@ void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog,
 	revs->tree_objects = 1;
 
 	/* Add all refs from the index file */
-	add_cache_refs(revs);
+	add_index_objects_to_pending(revs, 0);
 
 	/* Add all external refs */
 	for_each_ref(add_one_ref, revs);
 
+	/* detached HEAD is not included in the list above */
+	head_ref(add_one_ref, revs);
+
 	/* Add all reflog info */
 	if (mark_reflog)
-		for_each_reflog(add_one_reflog, revs);
+		add_reflogs_to_pending(revs, 0);
 
 	cp.progress = progress;
 	cp.count = 0;
@@ -245,6 +184,16 @@ void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog,
 	 */
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
-	walk_commit_list(revs, &cp);
+	traverse_commit_list(revs, mark_commit, mark_object, &cp);
+
+	if (mark_recent) {
+		revs->ignore_missing_links = 1;
+		if (add_unseen_recent_objects_to_traversal(revs, mark_recent))
+			die("unable to mark recent objects");
+		if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
+			die("revision walk setup failed");
+		traverse_commit_list(revs, mark_commit, mark_object, &cp);
+	}
+
 	display_progress(cp.progress, cp.count);
 }
diff --git a/reachable.h b/reachable.h
index 5d082adfec..d23efc36ec 100644
--- a/reachable.h
+++ b/reachable.h
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 #define REACHEABLE_H
 
 struct progress;
-extern void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog, struct progress *);
+extern int add_unseen_recent_objects_to_traversal(struct rev_info *revs,
+						  unsigned long timestamp);
+extern void mark_reachable_objects(struct rev_info *revs, int mark_reflog,
+				   unsigned long mark_recent, struct progress *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/read-cache.c b/read-cache.c
index 274e54b4f3..36ff89f29e 100644
--- a/read-cache.c
+++ b/read-cache.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 #define NO_THE_INDEX_COMPATIBILITY_MACROS
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "dir.h"
@@ -12,8 +13,18 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "varint.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
-static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int really);
+static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+					       unsigned int options);
+
+/* Mask for the name length in ce_flags in the on-disk index */
+
+#define CE_NAMEMASK  (0x0fff)
 
 /* Index extensions.
  *
@@ -27,8 +38,15 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int reall
 #define CACHE_EXT(s) ( (s[0]<<24)|(s[1]<<16)|(s[2]<<8)|(s[3]) )
 #define CACHE_EXT_TREE 0x54524545	/* "TREE" */
 #define CACHE_EXT_RESOLVE_UNDO 0x52455543 /* "REUC" */
+#define CACHE_EXT_LINK 0x6c696e6b	  /* "link" */
+
+/* changes that can be kept in $GIT_DIR/index (basically all extensions) */
+#define EXTMASK (RESOLVE_UNDO_CHANGED | CACHE_TREE_CHANGED | \
+		 CE_ENTRY_ADDED | CE_ENTRY_REMOVED | CE_ENTRY_CHANGED | \
+		 SPLIT_INDEX_ORDERED)
 
 struct index_state the_index;
+static const char *alternate_index_output;
 
 static void set_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, int nr, struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
@@ -40,9 +58,12 @@ static void replace_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, int nr, struct cache
 {
 	struct cache_entry *old = istate->cache[nr];
 
-	remove_name_hash(old);
+	replace_index_entry_in_base(istate, old, ce);
+	remove_name_hash(istate, old);
+	free(old);
 	set_index_entry(istate, nr, ce);
-	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+	istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
 }
 
 void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int nr, const char *new_name)
@@ -52,15 +73,71 @@ void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int nr, const char *new_n
 
 	new = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(namelen));
 	copy_cache_entry(new, old);
-	new->ce_flags &= ~(CE_STATE_MASK | CE_NAMEMASK);
-	new->ce_flags |= (namelen >= CE_NAMEMASK ? CE_NAMEMASK : namelen);
+	new->ce_flags &= ~CE_HASHED;
+	new->ce_namelen = namelen;
+	new->index = 0;
 	memcpy(new->name, new_name, namelen + 1);
 
-	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, old->name);
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate, old->name);
 	remove_index_entry_at(istate, nr);
 	add_index_entry(istate, new, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
 }
 
+void fill_stat_data(struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st)
+{
+	sd->sd_ctime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_ctime;
+	sd->sd_mtime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_mtime;
+	sd->sd_ctime.nsec = ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st);
+	sd->sd_mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st);
+	sd->sd_dev = st->st_dev;
+	sd->sd_ino = st->st_ino;
+	sd->sd_uid = st->st_uid;
+	sd->sd_gid = st->st_gid;
+	sd->sd_size = st->st_size;
+}
+
+int match_stat_data(const struct stat_data *sd, struct stat *st)
+{
+	int changed = 0;
+
+	if (sd->sd_mtime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_mtime)
+		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
+	if (trust_ctime && check_stat &&
+	    sd->sd_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
+		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
+
+#ifdef USE_NSEC
+	if (check_stat && sd->sd_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
+		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
+	if (trust_ctime && check_stat &&
+	    sd->sd_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
+		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
+#endif
+
+	if (check_stat) {
+		if (sd->sd_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
+			sd->sd_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
+			changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
+		if (sd->sd_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
+			changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+	}
+
+#ifdef USE_STDEV
+	/*
+	 * st_dev breaks on network filesystems where different
+	 * clients will have different views of what "device"
+	 * the filesystem is on
+	 */
+	if (check_stat && sd->sd_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
+			changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
+#endif
+
+	if (sd->sd_size != (unsigned int) st->st_size)
+		changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+
+	return changed;
+}
+
 /*
  * This only updates the "non-critical" parts of the directory
  * cache, ie the parts that aren't tracked by GIT, and only used
@@ -68,15 +145,7 @@ void rename_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int nr, const char *new_n
  */
 void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
-	ce->ce_ctime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_ctime;
-	ce->ce_mtime.sec = (unsigned int)st->st_mtime;
-	ce->ce_ctime.nsec = ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st);
-	ce->ce_mtime.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st);
-	ce->ce_dev = st->st_dev;
-	ce->ce_ino = st->st_ino;
-	ce->ce_uid = st->st_uid;
-	ce->ce_gid = st->st_gid;
-	ce->ce_size = st->st_size;
+	fill_stat_data(&ce->ce_stat_data, st);
 
 	if (assume_unchanged)
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_VALID;
@@ -85,7 +154,7 @@ void fill_stat_cache_info(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 		ce_mark_uptodate(ce);
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_data(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_compare_data(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	int match = -1;
 	int fd = open(ce->name, O_RDONLY);
@@ -99,7 +168,7 @@ static int ce_compare_data(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	return match;
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_link(struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
+static int ce_compare_link(const struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
 {
 	int match = -1;
 	void *buffer;
@@ -120,7 +189,7 @@ static int ce_compare_link(struct cache_entry *ce, size_t expected_size)
 	return match;
 }
 
-static int ce_compare_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int ce_compare_gitlink(const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
@@ -137,7 +206,7 @@ static int ce_compare_gitlink(struct cache_entry *ce)
 	return hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1);
 }
 
-static int ce_modified_check_fs(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_modified_check_fs(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
 	case S_IFREG:
@@ -157,17 +226,7 @@ static int ce_modified_check_fs(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int is_empty_blob_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
-{
-	static const unsigned char empty_blob_sha1[20] = {
-		0xe6,0x9d,0xe2,0x9b,0xb2,0xd1,0xd6,0x43,0x4b,0x8b,
-		0x29,0xae,0x77,0x5a,0xd8,0xc2,0xe4,0x8c,0x53,0x91
-	};
-
-	return !hashcmp(sha1, empty_blob_sha1);
-}
-
-static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
+static int ce_match_stat_basic(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 {
 	unsigned int changed = 0;
 
@@ -199,39 +258,11 @@ static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	default:
 		die("internal error: ce_mode is %o", ce->ce_mode);
 	}
-	if (ce->ce_mtime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_mtime)
-		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
-	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.sec != (unsigned int)st->st_ctime)
-		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
 
-#ifdef USE_NSEC
-	if (ce->ce_mtime.nsec != ST_MTIME_NSEC(*st))
-		changed |= MTIME_CHANGED;
-	if (trust_ctime && ce->ce_ctime.nsec != ST_CTIME_NSEC(*st))
-		changed |= CTIME_CHANGED;
-#endif
-
-	if (ce->ce_uid != (unsigned int) st->st_uid ||
-	    ce->ce_gid != (unsigned int) st->st_gid)
-		changed |= OWNER_CHANGED;
-	if (ce->ce_ino != (unsigned int) st->st_ino)
-		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
-
-#ifdef USE_STDEV
-	/*
-	 * st_dev breaks on network filesystems where different
-	 * clients will have different views of what "device"
-	 * the filesystem is on
-	 */
-	if (ce->ce_dev != (unsigned int) st->st_dev)
-		changed |= INODE_CHANGED;
-#endif
-
-	if (ce->ce_size != (unsigned int) st->st_size)
-		changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
+	changed |= match_stat_data(&ce->ce_stat_data, st);
 
 	/* Racily smudged entry? */
-	if (!ce->ce_size) {
+	if (!ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size) {
 		if (!is_empty_blob_sha1(ce->sha1))
 			changed |= DATA_CHANGED;
 	}
@@ -239,23 +270,24 @@ static int ce_match_stat_basic(struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 	return changed;
 }
 
-static int is_racy_timestamp(const struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+static int is_racy_timestamp(const struct index_state *istate,
+			     const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	return (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) &&
 		istate->timestamp.sec &&
 #ifdef USE_NSEC
 		 /* nanosecond timestamped files can also be racy! */
-		(istate->timestamp.sec < ce->ce_mtime.sec ||
-		 (istate->timestamp.sec == ce->ce_mtime.sec &&
-		  istate->timestamp.nsec <= ce->ce_mtime.nsec))
+		(istate->timestamp.sec < ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec ||
+		 (istate->timestamp.sec == ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec &&
+		  istate->timestamp.nsec <= ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec))
 #else
-		istate->timestamp.sec <= ce->ce_mtime.sec
+		istate->timestamp.sec <= ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec
 #endif
 		 );
 }
 
 int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *istate,
-		  struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
+		  const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
 		  unsigned int options)
 {
 	unsigned int changed;
@@ -311,7 +343,8 @@ int ie_match_stat(const struct index_state *istate,
 }
 
 int ie_modified(const struct index_state *istate,
-		struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st, unsigned int options)
+		const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		struct stat *st, unsigned int options)
 {
 	int changed, changed_fs;
 
@@ -340,7 +373,7 @@ int ie_modified(const struct index_state *istate,
 	 * then we know it is.
 	 */
 	if ((changed & DATA_CHANGED) &&
-	    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) || ce->ce_size != 0))
+	    (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode) || ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size != 0))
 		return changed;
 
 	changed_fs = ce_modified_check_fs(ce, st);
@@ -403,33 +436,35 @@ int df_name_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int mode1,
 	return c1 - c2;
 }
 
-int cache_name_compare(const char *name1, int flags1, const char *name2, int flags2)
+int name_compare(const char *name1, size_t len1, const char *name2, size_t len2)
 {
-	int len1 = flags1 & CE_NAMEMASK;
-	int len2 = flags2 & CE_NAMEMASK;
-	int len = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2;
-	int cmp;
-
-	cmp = memcmp(name1, name2, len);
+	size_t min_len = (len1 < len2) ? len1 : len2;
+	int cmp = memcmp(name1, name2, min_len);
 	if (cmp)
 		return cmp;
 	if (len1 < len2)
 		return -1;
 	if (len1 > len2)
 		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	/* Compare stages  */
-	flags1 &= CE_STAGEMASK;
-	flags2 &= CE_STAGEMASK;
+int cache_name_stage_compare(const char *name1, int len1, int stage1, const char *name2, int len2, int stage2)
+{
+	int cmp;
 
-	if (flags1 < flags2)
+	cmp = name_compare(name1, len1, name2, len2);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+
+	if (stage1 < stage2)
 		return -1;
-	if (flags1 > flags2)
+	if (stage1 > stage2)
 		return 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen)
+static int index_name_stage_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen, int stage)
 {
 	int first, last;
 
@@ -438,7 +473,7 @@ int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namel
 	while (last > first) {
 		int next = (last + first) >> 1;
 		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[next];
-		int cmp = cache_name_compare(name, namelen, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+		int cmp = cache_name_stage_compare(name, namelen, stage, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ce_stage(ce));
 		if (!cmp)
 			return next;
 		if (cmp < 0) {
@@ -450,14 +485,20 @@ int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namel
 	return -first-1;
 }
 
+int index_name_pos(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name, int namelen)
+{
+	return index_name_stage_pos(istate, name, namelen, 0);
+}
+
 /* Remove entry, return true if there are more entries to go.. */
 int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 {
 	struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[pos];
 
 	record_resolve_undo(istate, ce);
-	remove_name_hash(ce);
-	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	remove_name_hash(istate, ce);
+	save_or_free_index_entry(istate, ce);
+	istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_REMOVED;
 	istate->cache_nr--;
 	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr)
 		return 0;
@@ -468,7 +509,7 @@ int remove_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 }
 
 /*
- * Remove all cache ententries marked for removal, that is where
+ * Remove all cache entries marked for removal, that is where
  * CE_REMOVE is set in ce_flags.  This is much more effective than
  * calling remove_index_entry_at() for each entry to be removed.
  */
@@ -478,12 +519,16 @@ void remove_marked_cache_entries(struct index_state *istate)
 	unsigned int i, j;
 
 	for (i = j = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
-		if (ce_array[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
-			remove_name_hash(ce_array[i]);
+		if (ce_array[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) {
+			remove_name_hash(istate, ce_array[i]);
+			save_or_free_index_entry(istate, ce_array[i]);
+		}
 		else
 			ce_array[j++] = ce_array[i];
 	}
-	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	if (j == istate->cache_nr)
+		return;
+	istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_REMOVED;
 	istate->cache_nr = j;
 }
 
@@ -492,7 +537,7 @@ int remove_file_from_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
 	int pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, strlen(path));
 	if (pos < 0)
 		pos = -pos-1;
-	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, path);
+	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate, path);
 	while (pos < istate->cache_nr && !strcmp(istate->cache[pos]->name, path))
 		remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 	return 0;
@@ -541,7 +586,9 @@ static int different_name(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *alias)
  * So we use the CE_ADDED flag to verify that the alias was an old
  * one before we accept it as
  */
-static struct cache_entry *create_alias_ce(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *alias)
+static struct cache_entry *create_alias_ce(struct index_state *istate,
+					   struct cache_entry *ce,
+					   struct cache_entry *alias)
 {
 	int len;
 	struct cache_entry *new;
@@ -554,11 +601,11 @@ static struct cache_entry *create_alias_ce(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_
 	new = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
 	memcpy(new->name, alias->name, len);
 	copy_cache_entry(new, ce);
-	free(ce);
+	save_or_free_index_entry(istate, ce);
 	return new;
 }
 
-static void record_intent_to_add(struct cache_entry *ce)
+void set_object_name_for_intent_to_add_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	if (write_sha1_file("", 0, blob_type, sha1))
@@ -589,7 +636,7 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st,
 	size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
-	ce->ce_flags = namelen;
+	ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
 	if (!intent_only)
 		fill_stat_cache_info(ce, st);
 	else
@@ -622,7 +669,7 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st,
 			if (*ptr == '/') {
 				struct cache_entry *foundce;
 				++ptr;
-				foundce = index_name_exists(&the_index, ce->name, ptr - ce->name, ignore_case);
+				foundce = index_dir_exists(istate, ce->name, ptr - ce->name - 1);
 				if (foundce) {
 					memcpy((void *)startPtr, foundce->name + (startPtr - ce->name), ptr - startPtr);
 					startPtr = ptr;
@@ -631,23 +678,26 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st,
 		}
 	}
 
-	alias = index_name_exists(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ignore_case);
+	alias = index_file_exists(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ignore_case);
 	if (alias && !ce_stage(alias) && !ie_match_stat(istate, alias, st, ce_option)) {
 		/* Nothing changed, really */
-		free(ce);
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(alias->ce_mode))
 			ce_mark_uptodate(alias);
 		alias->ce_flags |= CE_ADDED;
+
+		free(ce);
 		return 0;
 	}
 	if (!intent_only) {
-		if (index_path(ce->sha1, path, st, HASH_WRITE_OBJECT))
+		if (index_path(ce->sha1, path, st, HASH_WRITE_OBJECT)) {
+			free(ce);
 			return error("unable to index file %s", path);
+		}
 	} else
-		record_intent_to_add(ce);
+		set_object_name_for_intent_to_add_entry(ce);
 
 	if (ignore_case && alias && different_name(ce, alias))
-		ce = create_alias_ce(ce, alias);
+		ce = create_alias_ce(istate, ce, alias);
 	ce->ce_flags |= CE_ADDED;
 
 	/* It was suspected to be racily clean, but it turns out to be Ok */
@@ -657,9 +707,11 @@ int add_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, struct stat *st,
 		    ce->ce_mode == alias->ce_mode);
 
 	if (pretend)
-		;
-	else if (add_index_entry(istate, ce, add_option))
-		return error("unable to add %s to index",path);
+		free(ce);
+	else if (add_index_entry(istate, ce, add_option)) {
+		free(ce);
+		return error("unable to add %s to index", path);
+	}
 	if (verbose && !was_same)
 		printf("add '%s'\n", path);
 	return 0;
@@ -675,10 +727,10 @@ int add_file_to_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, int flags)
 
 struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode,
 		const unsigned char *sha1, const char *path, int stage,
-		int refresh)
+		unsigned int refresh_options)
 {
 	int size, len;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	struct cache_entry *ce, *ret;
 
 	if (!verify_path(path)) {
 		error("Invalid path '%s'", path);
@@ -691,26 +743,22 @@ struct cache_entry *make_cache_entry(unsigned int mode,
 
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 
-	if (refresh)
-		return refresh_cache_entry(ce, 0);
-
-	return ce;
+	ret = refresh_cache_entry(ce, refresh_options);
+	if (ret != ce)
+		free(ce);
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int ce_same_name(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
+int ce_same_name(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b)
 {
 	int len = ce_namelen(a);
 	return ce_namelen(b) == len && !memcmp(a->name, b->name, len);
 }
 
-int ce_path_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
-{
-	return match_pathspec_depth(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL);
-}
-
 /*
  * We fundamentally don't like some paths: we don't want
  * dot or dot-dot anywhere, and for obvious reasons don't
@@ -737,9 +785,10 @@ static int verify_dotfile(const char *rest)
 	 * shares the path end test with the ".." case.
 	 */
 	case 'g':
-		if (rest[1] != 'i')
+	case 'G':
+		if (rest[1] != 'i' && rest[1] != 'I')
 			break;
-		if (rest[2] != 't')
+		if (rest[2] != 't' && rest[2] != 'T')
 			break;
 		rest += 2;
 	/* fallthrough */
@@ -763,6 +812,10 @@ int verify_path(const char *path)
 			return 1;
 		if (is_dir_sep(c)) {
 inside:
+			if (protect_hfs && is_hfs_dotgit(path))
+				return 0;
+			if (protect_ntfs && is_ntfs_dotgit(path))
+				return 0;
 			c = *path++;
 			if ((c == '.' && !verify_dotfile(path)) ||
 			    is_dir_sep(c) || c == '\0')
@@ -828,7 +881,7 @@ static int has_dir_name(struct index_state *istate,
 		}
 		len = slash - name;
 
-		pos = index_name_pos(istate, name, create_ce_flags(len, stage));
+		pos = index_name_stage_pos(istate, name, len, stage);
 		if (pos >= 0) {
 			/*
 			 * Found one, but not so fast.  This could
@@ -917,8 +970,9 @@ static int add_index_entry_with_check(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_e
 	int skip_df_check = option & ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK;
 	int new_only = option & ADD_CACHE_NEW_ONLY;
 
-	cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate->cache_tree, ce->name);
-	pos = index_name_pos(istate, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+	if (!(option & ADD_CACHE_KEEP_CACHE_TREE))
+		cache_tree_invalidate_path(istate, ce->name);
+	pos = index_name_stage_pos(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ce_stage(ce));
 
 	/* existing match? Just replace it. */
 	if (pos >= 0) {
@@ -950,7 +1004,7 @@ static int add_index_entry_with_check(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_e
 		if (!ok_to_replace)
 			return error("'%s' appears as both a file and as a directory",
 				     ce->name);
-		pos = index_name_pos(istate, ce->name, ce->ce_flags);
+		pos = index_name_stage_pos(istate, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), ce_stage(ce));
 		pos = -pos-1;
 	}
 	return pos + 1;
@@ -971,11 +1025,7 @@ int add_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce, int opti
 	}
 
 	/* Make sure the array is big enough .. */
-	if (istate->cache_nr == istate->cache_alloc) {
-		istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_alloc);
-		istate->cache = xrealloc(istate->cache,
-					istate->cache_alloc * sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(istate->cache, istate->cache_nr + 1, istate->cache_alloc);
 
 	/* Add it in.. */
 	istate->cache_nr++;
@@ -984,7 +1034,7 @@ int add_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce, int opti
 			istate->cache + pos,
 			(istate->cache_nr - pos - 1) * sizeof(ce));
 	set_index_entry(istate, pos, ce);
-	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_ADDED;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1007,10 +1057,12 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_ent(struct index_state *istate,
 	struct stat st;
 	struct cache_entry *updated;
 	int changed, size;
+	int refresh = options & CE_MATCH_REFRESH;
 	int ignore_valid = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID;
 	int ignore_skip_worktree = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+	int ignore_missing = options & CE_MATCH_IGNORE_MISSING;
 
-	if (ce_uptodate(ce))
+	if (!refresh || ce_uptodate(ce))
 		return ce;
 
 	/*
@@ -1027,7 +1079,17 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_ent(struct index_state *istate,
 		return ce;
 	}
 
+	if (has_symlink_leading_path(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce))) {
+		if (ignore_missing)
+			return ce;
+		if (err)
+			*err = ENOENT;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	if (lstat(ce->name, &st) < 0) {
+		if (ignore_missing && errno == ENOENT)
+			return ce;
 		if (err)
 			*err = errno;
 		return NULL;
@@ -1079,6 +1141,7 @@ static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_ent(struct index_state *istate,
 	    !(ce->ce_flags & CE_VALID))
 		updated->ce_flags &= ~CE_VALID;
 
+	/* istate->cache_changed is updated in the caller */
 	return updated;
 }
 
@@ -1092,7 +1155,8 @@ static void show_file(const char * fmt, const char * name, int in_porcelain,
 	printf(fmt, name);
 }
 
-int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **pathspec,
+int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags,
+		  const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		  char *seen, const char *header_msg)
 {
 	int i;
@@ -1104,7 +1168,9 @@ int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **p
 	int ignore_submodules = (flags & REFRESH_IGNORE_SUBMODULES) != 0;
 	int first = 1;
 	int in_porcelain = (flags & REFRESH_IN_PORCELAIN);
-	unsigned int options = really ? CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID : 0;
+	unsigned int options = (CE_MATCH_REFRESH |
+				(really ? CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID : 0) |
+				(not_new ? CE_MATCH_IGNORE_MISSING : 0));
 	const char *modified_fmt;
 	const char *deleted_fmt;
 	const char *typechange_fmt;
@@ -1126,8 +1192,7 @@ int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **p
 		if (ignore_submodules && S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
 			continue;
 
-		if (pathspec &&
-		    !match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, strlen(ce->name), 0, seen))
+		if (pathspec && !ce_path_match(ce, pathspec, seen))
 			filtered = 1;
 
 		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
@@ -1153,14 +1218,13 @@ int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **p
 		if (!new) {
 			const char *fmt;
 
-			if (not_new && cache_errno == ENOENT)
-				continue;
 			if (really && cache_errno == EINVAL) {
 				/* If we are doing --really-refresh that
 				 * means the index is not valid anymore.
 				 */
 				ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_VALID;
-				istate->cache_changed = 1;
+				ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+				istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
 			}
 			if (quiet)
 				continue;
@@ -1184,20 +1248,108 @@ int refresh_index(struct index_state *istate, unsigned int flags, const char **p
 	return has_errors;
 }
 
-static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, int really)
+static struct cache_entry *refresh_cache_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
+					       unsigned int options)
 {
-	return refresh_cache_ent(&the_index, ce, really, NULL, NULL);
+	return refresh_cache_ent(&the_index, ce, options, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+
+/*****************************************************************
+ * Index File I/O
+ *****************************************************************/
+
+#define INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT 3
+
+static unsigned int get_index_format_default(void)
+{
+	char *envversion = getenv("GIT_INDEX_VERSION");
+	char *endp;
+	int value;
+	unsigned int version = INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+
+	if (!envversion) {
+		if (!git_config_get_int("index.version", &value))
+			version = value;
+		if (version < INDEX_FORMAT_LB || INDEX_FORMAT_UB < version) {
+			warning(_("index.version set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+				  "Using version %i"), INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
+			return INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+		}
+		return version;
+	}
+
+	version = strtoul(envversion, &endp, 10);
+	if (*endp ||
+	    version < INDEX_FORMAT_LB || INDEX_FORMAT_UB < version) {
+		warning(_("GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.\n"
+			  "Using version %i"), INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT);
+		version = INDEX_FORMAT_DEFAULT;
+	}
+	return version;
 }
 
+/*
+ * dev/ino/uid/gid/size are also just tracked to the low 32 bits
+ * Again - this is just a (very strong in practice) heuristic that
+ * the inode hasn't changed.
+ *
+ * We save the fields in big-endian order to allow using the
+ * index file over NFS transparently.
+ */
+struct ondisk_cache_entry {
+	struct cache_time ctime;
+	struct cache_time mtime;
+	uint32_t dev;
+	uint32_t ino;
+	uint32_t mode;
+	uint32_t uid;
+	uint32_t gid;
+	uint32_t size;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	uint16_t flags;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+/*
+ * This struct is used when CE_EXTENDED bit is 1
+ * The struct must match ondisk_cache_entry exactly from
+ * ctime till flags
+ */
+struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended {
+	struct cache_time ctime;
+	struct cache_time mtime;
+	uint32_t dev;
+	uint32_t ino;
+	uint32_t mode;
+	uint32_t uid;
+	uint32_t gid;
+	uint32_t size;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	uint16_t flags;
+	uint16_t flags2;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+/* These are only used for v3 or lower */
+#define align_flex_name(STRUCT,len) ((offsetof(struct STRUCT,name) + (len) + 8) & ~7)
+#define ondisk_cache_entry_size(len) align_flex_name(ondisk_cache_entry,len)
+#define ondisk_cache_entry_extended_size(len) align_flex_name(ondisk_cache_entry_extended,len)
+#define ondisk_ce_size(ce) (((ce)->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED) ? \
+			    ondisk_cache_entry_extended_size(ce_namelen(ce)) : \
+			    ondisk_cache_entry_size(ce_namelen(ce)))
+
 static int verify_hdr(struct cache_header *hdr, unsigned long size)
 {
 	git_SHA_CTX c;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int hdr_version;
 
 	if (hdr->hdr_signature != htonl(CACHE_SIGNATURE))
 		return error("bad signature");
-	if (hdr->hdr_version != htonl(2) && hdr->hdr_version != htonl(3))
-		return error("bad index version");
+	hdr_version = ntohl(hdr->hdr_version);
+	if (hdr_version < INDEX_FORMAT_LB || INDEX_FORMAT_UB < hdr_version)
+		return error("bad index version %d", hdr_version);
 	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
 	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, size - 20);
 	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &c);
@@ -1216,6 +1368,10 @@ static int read_index_extension(struct index_state *istate,
 	case CACHE_EXT_RESOLVE_UNDO:
 		istate->resolve_undo = resolve_undo_read(data, sz);
 		break;
+	case CACHE_EXT_LINK:
+		if (read_link_extension(istate, data, sz))
+			return -1;
+		break;
 	default:
 		if (*ext < 'A' || 'Z' < *ext)
 			return error("index uses %.4s extension, which we do not understand",
@@ -1226,12 +1382,69 @@ static int read_index_extension(struct index_state *istate,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int hold_locked_index(struct lock_file *lk, int die_on_error)
+{
+	return hold_lock_file_for_update(lk, get_index_file(),
+					 die_on_error
+					 ? LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR
+					 : 0);
+}
+
 int read_index(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	return read_index_from(istate, get_index_file());
 }
 
-static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk)
+static struct cache_entry *cache_entry_from_ondisk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
+						   unsigned int flags,
+						   const char *name,
+						   size_t len)
+{
+	struct cache_entry *ce = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(len));
+
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.sec = get_be32(&ondisk->ctime.sec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec = get_be32(&ondisk->mtime.sec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.nsec = get_be32(&ondisk->ctime.nsec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec = get_be32(&ondisk->mtime.nsec);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_dev   = get_be32(&ondisk->dev);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ino   = get_be32(&ondisk->ino);
+	ce->ce_mode  = get_be32(&ondisk->mode);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_uid   = get_be32(&ondisk->uid);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_gid   = get_be32(&ondisk->gid);
+	ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size  = get_be32(&ondisk->size);
+	ce->ce_flags = flags & ~CE_NAMEMASK;
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
+	ce->index = 0;
+	hashcpy(ce->sha1, ondisk->sha1);
+	memcpy(ce->name, name, len);
+	ce->name[len] = '\0';
+	return ce;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adjacent cache entries tend to share the leading paths, so it makes
+ * sense to only store the differences in later entries.  In the v4
+ * on-disk format of the index, each on-disk cache entry stores the
+ * number of bytes to be stripped from the end of the previous name,
+ * and the bytes to append to the result, to come up with its name.
+ */
+static unsigned long expand_name_field(struct strbuf *name, const char *cp_)
+{
+	const unsigned char *ep, *cp = (const unsigned char *)cp_;
+	size_t len = decode_varint(&cp);
+
+	if (name->len < len)
+		die("malformed name field in the index");
+	strbuf_remove(name, name->len - len, len);
+	for (ep = cp; *ep; ep++)
+		; /* find the end */
+	strbuf_add(name, cp, ep - cp);
+	return (const char *)ep + 1 - cp_;
+}
+
+static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
+					    unsigned long *ent_size,
+					    struct strbuf *previous_name)
 {
 	struct cache_entry *ce;
 	size_t len;
@@ -1239,14 +1452,14 @@ static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk)
 	unsigned int flags;
 
 	/* On-disk flags are just 16 bits */
-	flags = ntohs(ondisk->flags);
+	flags = get_be16(&ondisk->flags);
 	len = flags & CE_NAMEMASK;
 
 	if (flags & CE_EXTENDED) {
 		struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *ondisk2;
 		int extended_flags;
 		ondisk2 = (struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *)ondisk;
-		extended_flags = ntohs(ondisk2->flags2) << 16;
+		extended_flags = get_be16(&ondisk2->flags2) << 16;
 		/* We do not yet understand any bit out of CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS */
 		if (extended_flags & ~CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS)
 			die("Unknown index entry format %08x", extended_flags);
@@ -1256,32 +1469,49 @@ static struct cache_entry *create_from_disk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk)
 	else
 		name = ondisk->name;
 
-	if (len == CE_NAMEMASK)
-		len = strlen(name);
-
-	ce = xmalloc(cache_entry_size(len));
-
-	ce->ce_ctime.sec = ntohl(ondisk->ctime.sec);
-	ce->ce_mtime.sec = ntohl(ondisk->mtime.sec);
-	ce->ce_ctime.nsec = ntohl(ondisk->ctime.nsec);
-	ce->ce_mtime.nsec = ntohl(ondisk->mtime.nsec);
-	ce->ce_dev   = ntohl(ondisk->dev);
-	ce->ce_ino   = ntohl(ondisk->ino);
-	ce->ce_mode  = ntohl(ondisk->mode);
-	ce->ce_uid   = ntohl(ondisk->uid);
-	ce->ce_gid   = ntohl(ondisk->gid);
-	ce->ce_size  = ntohl(ondisk->size);
-	ce->ce_flags = flags;
-
-	hashcpy(ce->sha1, ondisk->sha1);
-
-	memcpy(ce->name, name, len);
-	ce->name[len] = '\0';
+	if (!previous_name) {
+		/* v3 and earlier */
+		if (len == CE_NAMEMASK)
+			len = strlen(name);
+		ce = cache_entry_from_ondisk(ondisk, flags, name, len);
+
+		*ent_size = ondisk_ce_size(ce);
+	} else {
+		unsigned long consumed;
+		consumed = expand_name_field(previous_name, name);
+		ce = cache_entry_from_ondisk(ondisk, flags,
+					     previous_name->buf,
+					     previous_name->len);
+
+		*ent_size = (name - ((char *)ondisk)) + consumed;
+	}
 	return ce;
 }
 
+static void check_ce_order(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 1; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i - 1];
+		struct cache_entry *next_ce = istate->cache[i];
+		int name_compare = strcmp(ce->name, next_ce->name);
+
+		if (0 < name_compare)
+			die("unordered stage entries in index");
+		if (!name_compare) {
+			if (!ce_stage(ce))
+				die("multiple stage entries for merged file '%s'",
+				    ce->name);
+			if (ce_stage(ce) > ce_stage(next_ce))
+				die("unordered stage entries for '%s'",
+				    ce->name);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 /* remember to discard_cache() before reading a different cache! */
-int read_index_from(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
+int do_read_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, int must_exist)
 {
 	int fd, i;
 	struct stat st;
@@ -1289,54 +1519,61 @@ int read_index_from(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
 	struct cache_header *hdr;
 	void *mmap;
 	size_t mmap_size;
+	struct strbuf previous_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT, *previous_name;
 
-	errno = EBUSY;
 	if (istate->initialized)
 		return istate->cache_nr;
 
-	errno = ENOENT;
 	istate->timestamp.sec = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = 0;
 	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
 	if (fd < 0) {
-		if (errno == ENOENT)
+		if (!must_exist && errno == ENOENT)
 			return 0;
-		die_errno("index file open failed");
+		die_errno("%s: index file open failed", path);
 	}
 
 	if (fstat(fd, &st))
 		die_errno("cannot stat the open index");
 
-	errno = EINVAL;
 	mmap_size = xsize_t(st.st_size);
 	if (mmap_size < sizeof(struct cache_header) + 20)
 		die("index file smaller than expected");
 
 	mmap = xmmap(NULL, mmap_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
-	close(fd);
 	if (mmap == MAP_FAILED)
 		die_errno("unable to map index file");
+	close(fd);
 
 	hdr = mmap;
 	if (verify_hdr(hdr, mmap_size) < 0)
 		goto unmap;
 
+	hashcpy(istate->sha1, (const unsigned char *)hdr + mmap_size - 20);
+	istate->version = ntohl(hdr->hdr_version);
 	istate->cache_nr = ntohl(hdr->hdr_entries);
 	istate->cache_alloc = alloc_nr(istate->cache_nr);
-	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(struct cache_entry *));
+	istate->cache = xcalloc(istate->cache_alloc, sizeof(*istate->cache));
 	istate->initialized = 1;
 
+	if (istate->version == 4)
+		previous_name = &previous_name_buf;
+	else
+		previous_name = NULL;
+
 	src_offset = sizeof(*hdr);
 	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
 		struct ondisk_cache_entry *disk_ce;
 		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		unsigned long consumed;
 
 		disk_ce = (struct ondisk_cache_entry *)((char *)mmap + src_offset);
-		ce = create_from_disk(disk_ce);
+		ce = create_from_disk(disk_ce, &consumed, previous_name);
 		set_index_entry(istate, i, ce);
 
-		src_offset += ondisk_ce_size(ce);
+		src_offset += consumed;
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&previous_name_buf);
 	istate->timestamp.sec = st.st_mtime;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
 
@@ -1363,10 +1600,43 @@ int read_index_from(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
 
 unmap:
 	munmap(mmap, mmap_size);
-	errno = EINVAL;
 	die("index file corrupt");
 }
 
+int read_index_from(struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
+{
+	struct split_index *split_index;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* istate->initialized covers both .git/index and .git/sharedindex.xxx */
+	if (istate->initialized)
+		return istate->cache_nr;
+
+	ret = do_read_index(istate, path, 0);
+	split_index = istate->split_index;
+	if (!split_index || is_null_sha1(split_index->base_sha1)) {
+		check_ce_order(istate);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (split_index->base)
+		discard_index(split_index->base);
+	else
+		split_index->base = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*split_index->base));
+	ret = do_read_index(split_index->base,
+			    git_path("sharedindex.%s",
+				     sha1_to_hex(split_index->base_sha1)), 1);
+	if (hashcmp(split_index->base_sha1, split_index->base->sha1))
+		die("broken index, expect %s in %s, got %s",
+		    sha1_to_hex(split_index->base_sha1),
+		    git_path("sharedindex.%s",
+				     sha1_to_hex(split_index->base_sha1)),
+		    sha1_to_hex(split_index->base->sha1));
+	merge_base_index(istate);
+	check_ce_order(istate);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int is_index_unborn(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	return (!istate->cache_nr && !istate->timestamp.sec);
@@ -1376,19 +1646,27 @@ int discard_index(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		if (istate->cache[i]->index &&
+		    istate->split_index &&
+		    istate->split_index->base &&
+		    istate->cache[i]->index <= istate->split_index->base->cache_nr &&
+		    istate->cache[i] == istate->split_index->base->cache[istate->cache[i]->index - 1])
+			continue;
 		free(istate->cache[i]);
+	}
 	resolve_undo_clear_index(istate);
 	istate->cache_nr = 0;
 	istate->cache_changed = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.sec = 0;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = 0;
-	istate->name_hash_initialized = 0;
-	free_hash(&istate->name_hash);
+	free_name_hash(istate);
 	cache_tree_free(&(istate->cache_tree));
 	istate->initialized = 0;
-
-	/* no need to throw away allocated active_cache */
+	free(istate->cache);
+	istate->cache = NULL;
+	istate->cache_alloc = 0;
+	discard_split_index(istate);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1449,7 +1727,7 @@ static int write_index_ext_header(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd,
 		(ce_write(context, fd, &sz, 4) < 0)) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int ce_flush(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd)
+static int ce_flush(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	unsigned int left = write_buffer_len;
 
@@ -1467,6 +1745,7 @@ static int ce_flush(git_SHA_CTX *context, int fd)
 
 	/* Append the SHA1 signature at the end */
 	git_SHA1_Final(write_buffer + left, context);
+	hashcpy(sha1, write_buffer + left);
 	left += 20;
 	return (write_in_full(fd, write_buffer, left) != left) ? -1 : 0;
 }
@@ -1477,7 +1756,7 @@ static void ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
 	 * The only thing we care about in this function is to smudge the
 	 * falsely clean entry due to touch-update-touch race, so we leave
 	 * everything else as they are.  We are called for entries whose
-	 * ce_mtime match the index file mtime.
+	 * ce_stat_data.sd_mtime match the index file mtime.
 	 *
 	 * Note that this actually does not do much for gitlinks, for
 	 * which ce_match_stat_basic() always goes to the actual
@@ -1516,44 +1795,141 @@ static void ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
 		 * file, and never calls us, so the cached size information
 		 * for "frotz" stays 6 which does not match the filesystem.
 		 */
-		ce->ce_size = 0;
+		ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size = 0;
 	}
 }
 
-static int ce_write_entry(git_SHA_CTX *c, int fd, struct cache_entry *ce)
+/* Copy miscellaneous fields but not the name */
+static char *copy_cache_entry_to_ondisk(struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk,
+				       struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
-	int size = ondisk_ce_size(ce);
-	struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk = xcalloc(1, size);
-	char *name;
-	int result;
-
-	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.sec);
-	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.sec);
-	ondisk->ctime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_ctime.nsec);
-	ondisk->mtime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_mtime.nsec);
-	ondisk->dev  = htonl(ce->ce_dev);
-	ondisk->ino  = htonl(ce->ce_ino);
+	short flags;
+
+	ondisk->ctime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.sec);
+	ondisk->mtime.sec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.sec);
+	ondisk->ctime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ctime.nsec);
+	ondisk->mtime.nsec = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_mtime.nsec);
+	ondisk->dev  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_dev);
+	ondisk->ino  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_ino);
 	ondisk->mode = htonl(ce->ce_mode);
-	ondisk->uid  = htonl(ce->ce_uid);
-	ondisk->gid  = htonl(ce->ce_gid);
-	ondisk->size = htonl(ce->ce_size);
+	ondisk->uid  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_uid);
+	ondisk->gid  = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_gid);
+	ondisk->size = htonl(ce->ce_stat_data.sd_size);
 	hashcpy(ondisk->sha1, ce->sha1);
-	ondisk->flags = htons(ce->ce_flags);
+
+	flags = ce->ce_flags & ~CE_NAMEMASK;
+	flags |= (ce_namelen(ce) >= CE_NAMEMASK ? CE_NAMEMASK : ce_namelen(ce));
+	ondisk->flags = htons(flags);
 	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED) {
 		struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *ondisk2;
 		ondisk2 = (struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended *)ondisk;
 		ondisk2->flags2 = htons((ce->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS) >> 16);
-		name = ondisk2->name;
+		return ondisk2->name;
+	}
+	else {
+		return ondisk->name;
+	}
+}
+
+static int ce_write_entry(git_SHA_CTX *c, int fd, struct cache_entry *ce,
+			  struct strbuf *previous_name)
+{
+	int size;
+	struct ondisk_cache_entry *ondisk;
+	int saved_namelen = saved_namelen; /* compiler workaround */
+	char *name;
+	int result;
+
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_STRIP_NAME) {
+		saved_namelen = ce_namelen(ce);
+		ce->ce_namelen = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!previous_name) {
+		size = ondisk_ce_size(ce);
+		ondisk = xcalloc(1, size);
+		name = copy_cache_entry_to_ondisk(ondisk, ce);
+		memcpy(name, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
+	} else {
+		int common, to_remove, prefix_size;
+		unsigned char to_remove_vi[16];
+		for (common = 0;
+		     (ce->name[common] &&
+		      common < previous_name->len &&
+		      ce->name[common] == previous_name->buf[common]);
+		     common++)
+			; /* still matching */
+		to_remove = previous_name->len - common;
+		prefix_size = encode_varint(to_remove, to_remove_vi);
+
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_EXTENDED)
+			size = offsetof(struct ondisk_cache_entry_extended, name);
+		else
+			size = offsetof(struct ondisk_cache_entry, name);
+		size += prefix_size + (ce_namelen(ce) - common + 1);
+
+		ondisk = xcalloc(1, size);
+		name = copy_cache_entry_to_ondisk(ondisk, ce);
+		memcpy(name, to_remove_vi, prefix_size);
+		memcpy(name + prefix_size, ce->name + common, ce_namelen(ce) - common);
+
+		strbuf_splice(previous_name, common, to_remove,
+			      ce->name + common, ce_namelen(ce) - common);
+	}
+	if (ce->ce_flags & CE_STRIP_NAME) {
+		ce->ce_namelen = saved_namelen;
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_STRIP_NAME;
 	}
-	else
-		name = ondisk->name;
-	memcpy(name, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce));
 
 	result = ce_write(c, fd, ondisk, size);
 	free(ondisk);
 	return result;
 }
 
+/*
+ * This function verifies if index_state has the correct sha1 of the
+ * index file.  Don't die if we have any other failure, just return 0.
+ */
+static int verify_index_from(const struct index_state *istate, const char *path)
+{
+	int fd;
+	ssize_t n;
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (!istate->initialized)
+		return 0;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (st.st_size < sizeof(struct cache_header) + 20)
+		goto out;
+
+	n = pread_in_full(fd, sha1, 20, st.st_size - 20);
+	if (n != 20)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (hashcmp(istate->sha1, sha1))
+		goto out;
+
+	close(fd);
+	return 1;
+
+out:
+	close(fd);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_index(const struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	return verify_index_from(istate, get_index_file());
+}
+
 static int has_racy_timestamp(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	int entries = istate->cache_nr;
@@ -1568,25 +1944,26 @@ static int has_racy_timestamp(struct index_state *istate)
 }
 
 /*
- * Opportunisticly update the index but do not complain if we can't
+ * Opportunistically update the index but do not complain if we can't
  */
 void update_index_if_able(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lockfile)
 {
 	if ((istate->cache_changed || has_racy_timestamp(istate)) &&
-	    !write_index(istate, lockfile->fd))
-		commit_locked_index(lockfile);
-	else
+	    verify_index(istate) &&
+	    write_locked_index(istate, lockfile, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		rollback_lock_file(lockfile);
 }
 
-int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
+static int do_write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd,
+			  int strip_extensions)
 {
 	git_SHA_CTX c;
 	struct cache_header hdr;
-	int i, err, removed, extended;
+	int i, err, removed, extended, hdr_version;
 	struct cache_entry **cache = istate->cache;
 	int entries = istate->cache_nr;
 	struct stat st;
+	struct strbuf previous_name_buf = STRBUF_INIT, *previous_name;
 
 	for (i = removed = extended = 0; i < entries; i++) {
 		if (cache[i]->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
@@ -1600,27 +1977,62 @@ int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
 		}
 	}
 
+	if (!istate->version) {
+		istate->version = get_index_format_default();
+		if (getenv("GIT_TEST_SPLIT_INDEX"))
+			init_split_index(istate);
+	}
+
+	/* demote version 3 to version 2 when the latter suffices */
+	if (istate->version == 3 || istate->version == 2)
+		istate->version = extended ? 3 : 2;
+
+	hdr_version = istate->version;
+
 	hdr.hdr_signature = htonl(CACHE_SIGNATURE);
-	/* for extended format, increase version so older git won't try to read it */
-	hdr.hdr_version = htonl(extended ? 3 : 2);
+	hdr.hdr_version = htonl(hdr_version);
 	hdr.hdr_entries = htonl(entries - removed);
 
 	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
 	if (ce_write(&c, newfd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
+	previous_name = (hdr_version == 4) ? &previous_name_buf : NULL;
 	for (i = 0; i < entries; i++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = cache[i];
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
 			continue;
 		if (!ce_uptodate(ce) && is_racy_timestamp(istate, ce))
 			ce_smudge_racily_clean_entry(ce);
-		if (ce_write_entry(&c, newfd, ce) < 0)
+		if (is_null_sha1(ce->sha1)) {
+			static const char msg[] = "cache entry has null sha1: %s";
+			static int allow = -1;
+
+			if (allow < 0)
+				allow = git_env_bool("GIT_ALLOW_NULL_SHA1", 0);
+			if (allow)
+				warning(msg, ce->name);
+			else
+				return error(msg, ce->name);
+		}
+		if (ce_write_entry(&c, newfd, ce, previous_name) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&previous_name_buf);
 
 	/* Write extension data here */
-	if (istate->cache_tree) {
+	if (!strip_extensions && istate->split_index) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		err = write_link_extension(&sb, istate) < 0 ||
+			write_index_ext_header(&c, newfd, CACHE_EXT_LINK,
+					       sb.len) < 0 ||
+			ce_write(&c, newfd, sb.buf, sb.len) < 0;
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		if (err)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (!strip_extensions && istate->cache_tree) {
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		cache_tree_write(&sb, istate->cache_tree);
@@ -1630,7 +2042,7 @@ int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
 		if (err)
 			return -1;
 	}
-	if (istate->resolve_undo) {
+	if (!strip_extensions && istate->resolve_undo) {
 		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		resolve_undo_write(&sb, istate->resolve_undo);
@@ -1642,13 +2054,132 @@ int write_index(struct index_state *istate, int newfd)
 			return -1;
 	}
 
-	if (ce_flush(&c, newfd) || fstat(newfd, &st))
+	if (ce_flush(&c, newfd, istate->sha1) || fstat(newfd, &st))
 		return -1;
 	istate->timestamp.sec = (unsigned int)st.st_mtime;
 	istate->timestamp.nsec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(st);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+void set_alternate_index_output(const char *name)
+{
+	alternate_index_output = name;
+}
+
+static int commit_locked_index(struct lock_file *lk)
+{
+	if (alternate_index_output)
+		return commit_lock_file_to(lk, alternate_index_output);
+	else
+		return commit_lock_file(lk);
+}
+
+static int do_write_locked_index(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lock,
+				 unsigned flags)
+{
+	int ret = do_write_index(istate, lock->fd, 0);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	assert((flags & (COMMIT_LOCK | CLOSE_LOCK)) !=
+	       (COMMIT_LOCK | CLOSE_LOCK));
+	if (flags & COMMIT_LOCK)
+		return commit_locked_index(lock);
+	else if (flags & CLOSE_LOCK)
+		return close_lock_file(lock);
+	else
+		return ret;
+}
+
+static int write_split_index(struct index_state *istate,
+			     struct lock_file *lock,
+			     unsigned flags)
+{
+	int ret;
+	prepare_to_write_split_index(istate);
+	ret = do_write_locked_index(istate, lock, flags);
+	finish_writing_split_index(istate);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static char *temporary_sharedindex;
+
+static void remove_temporary_sharedindex(void)
+{
+	if (temporary_sharedindex) {
+		unlink_or_warn(temporary_sharedindex);
+		free(temporary_sharedindex);
+		temporary_sharedindex = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void remove_temporary_sharedindex_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_temporary_sharedindex();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+static int write_shared_index(struct index_state *istate,
+			      struct lock_file *lock, unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	static int installed_handler;
+	int fd, ret;
+
+	temporary_sharedindex = git_pathdup("sharedindex_XXXXXX");
+	fd = mkstemp(temporary_sharedindex);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		free(temporary_sharedindex);
+		temporary_sharedindex = NULL;
+		hashclr(si->base_sha1);
+		return do_write_locked_index(istate, lock, flags);
+	}
+	if (!installed_handler) {
+		atexit(remove_temporary_sharedindex);
+		sigchain_push_common(remove_temporary_sharedindex_on_signal);
+	}
+	move_cache_to_base_index(istate);
+	ret = do_write_index(si->base, fd, 1);
+	close(fd);
+	if (ret) {
+		remove_temporary_sharedindex();
+		return ret;
+	}
+	ret = rename(temporary_sharedindex,
+		     git_path("sharedindex.%s", sha1_to_hex(si->base->sha1)));
+	free(temporary_sharedindex);
+	temporary_sharedindex = NULL;
+	if (!ret)
+		hashcpy(si->base_sha1, si->base->sha1);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int write_locked_index(struct index_state *istate, struct lock_file *lock,
+		       unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+
+	if (!si || alternate_index_output ||
+	    (istate->cache_changed & ~EXTMASK)) {
+		if (si)
+			hashclr(si->base_sha1);
+		return do_write_locked_index(istate, lock, flags);
+	}
+
+	if (getenv("GIT_TEST_SPLIT_INDEX")) {
+		int v = si->base_sha1[0];
+		if ((v & 15) < 6)
+			istate->cache_changed |= SPLIT_INDEX_ORDERED;
+	}
+	if (istate->cache_changed & SPLIT_INDEX_ORDERED) {
+		int ret = write_shared_index(istate, lock, flags);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	return write_split_index(istate, lock, flags);
+}
+
 /*
  * Read the index file that is potentially unmerged into given
  * index_state, dropping any unmerged entries.  Returns true if
@@ -1670,16 +2201,16 @@ int read_index_unmerged(struct index_state *istate)
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
 		unmerged = 1;
-		len = strlen(ce->name);
+		len = ce_namelen(ce);
 		size = cache_entry_size(len);
 		new_ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 		memcpy(new_ce->name, ce->name, len);
-		new_ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, 0) | CE_CONFLICTED;
+		new_ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0) | CE_CONFLICTED;
+		new_ce->ce_namelen = len;
 		new_ce->ce_mode = ce->ce_mode;
 		if (add_index_entry(istate, new_ce, 0))
 			return error("%s: cannot drop to stage #0",
-				     ce->name);
-		i = index_name_pos(istate, new_ce->name, len);
+				     new_ce->name);
 	}
 	return unmerged;
 }
@@ -1711,3 +2242,67 @@ int index_name_is_other(const struct index_state *istate, const char *name,
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
+
+void *read_blob_data_from_index(struct index_state *istate, const char *path, unsigned long *size)
+{
+	int pos, len;
+	unsigned long sz;
+	enum object_type type;
+	void *data;
+
+	len = strlen(path);
+	pos = index_name_pos(istate, path, len);
+	if (pos < 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We might be in the middle of a merge, in which
+		 * case we would read stage #2 (ours).
+		 */
+		int i;
+		for (i = -pos - 1;
+		     (pos < 0 && i < istate->cache_nr &&
+		      !strcmp(istate->cache[i]->name, path));
+		     i++)
+			if (ce_stage(istate->cache[i]) == 2)
+				pos = i;
+	}
+	if (pos < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	data = read_sha1_file(istate->cache[pos]->sha1, &type, &sz);
+	if (!data || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(data);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	if (size)
+		*size = sz;
+	return data;
+}
+
+void stat_validity_clear(struct stat_validity *sv)
+{
+	free(sv->sd);
+	sv->sd = NULL;
+}
+
+int stat_validity_check(struct stat_validity *sv, const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
+		return sv->sd == NULL;
+	if (!sv->sd)
+		return 0;
+	return S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && !match_stat_data(sv->sd, &st);
+}
+
+void stat_validity_update(struct stat_validity *sv, int fd)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		stat_validity_clear(sv);
+	else {
+		if (!sv->sd)
+			sv->sd = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct stat_data));
+		fill_stat_data(sv->sd, &st);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/reflog-walk.c b/reflog-walk.c
index 86d18843f5..222de762eb 100644
--- a/reflog-walk.c
+++ b/reflog-walk.c
@@ -26,14 +26,10 @@ static int read_one_reflog(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 	struct complete_reflogs *array = cb_data;
 	struct reflog_info *item;
 
-	if (array->nr >= array->alloc) {
-		array->alloc = alloc_nr(array->nr + 1);
-		array->items = xrealloc(array->items, array->alloc *
-			sizeof(struct reflog_info));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(array->items, array->nr + 1, array->alloc);
 	item = array->items + array->nr;
-	memcpy(item->osha1, osha1, 20);
-	memcpy(item->nsha1, nsha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(item->osha1, osha1);
+	hashcpy(item->nsha1, nsha1);
 	item->email = xstrdup(email);
 	item->timestamp = timestamp;
 	item->tz = tz;
@@ -45,14 +41,15 @@ static int read_one_reflog(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 static struct complete_reflogs *read_complete_reflog(const char *ref)
 {
 	struct complete_reflogs *reflogs =
-		xcalloc(sizeof(struct complete_reflogs), 1);
+		xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct complete_reflogs));
 	reflogs->ref = xstrdup(ref);
 	for_each_reflog_ent(ref, read_one_reflog, reflogs);
 	if (reflogs->nr == 0) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		const char *name;
 		void *name_to_free;
-		name = name_to_free = resolve_refdup(ref, sha1, 1, NULL);
+		name = name_to_free = resolve_refdup(ref, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						     sha1, NULL);
 		if (name) {
 			for_each_reflog_ent(name, read_one_reflog, reflogs);
 			free(name_to_free);
@@ -114,11 +111,7 @@ static void add_commit_info(struct commit *commit, void *util,
 		struct commit_info_lifo *lifo)
 {
 	struct commit_info *info;
-	if (lifo->nr >= lifo->alloc) {
-		lifo->alloc = alloc_nr(lifo->nr + 1);
-		lifo->items = xrealloc(lifo->items,
-			lifo->alloc * sizeof(struct commit_info));
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(lifo->items, lifo->nr + 1, lifo->alloc);
 	info = lifo->items + lifo->nr;
 	info->commit = commit;
 	info->util = util;
@@ -126,7 +119,12 @@ static void add_commit_info(struct commit *commit, void *util,
 }
 
 struct commit_reflog {
-	int flag, recno;
+	int recno;
+	enum selector_type {
+		SELECTOR_NONE,
+		SELECTOR_INDEX,
+		SELECTOR_DATE
+	} selector;
 	struct complete_reflogs *reflogs;
 };
 
@@ -136,9 +134,9 @@ struct reflog_walk_info {
 	struct commit_reflog *last_commit_reflog;
 };
 
-void init_reflog_walk(struct reflog_walk_info** info)
+void init_reflog_walk(struct reflog_walk_info **info)
 {
-	*info = xcalloc(sizeof(struct reflog_walk_info), 1);
+	*info = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct reflog_walk_info));
 }
 
 int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
@@ -150,6 +148,7 @@ int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 	struct complete_reflogs *reflogs;
 	char *branch, *at = strchr(name, '@');
 	struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog;
+	enum selector_type selector = SELECTOR_NONE;
 
 	if (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 		die ("Cannot walk reflogs for %s", name);
@@ -162,7 +161,10 @@ int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 		if (*ep != '}') {
 			recno = -1;
 			timestamp = approxidate(at + 2);
+			selector = SELECTOR_DATE;
 		}
+		else
+			selector = SELECTOR_INDEX;
 	} else
 		recno = 0;
 
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 		if (*branch == '\0') {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			free(branch);
-			branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+			branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, sha1, NULL);
 			if (!branch)
 				die ("No current branch");
 
@@ -198,9 +200,8 @@ int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 			= reflogs;
 	}
 
-	commit_reflog = xcalloc(sizeof(struct commit_reflog), 1);
+	commit_reflog = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct commit_reflog));
 	if (recno < 0) {
-		commit_reflog->flag = 1;
 		commit_reflog->recno = get_reflog_recno_by_time(reflogs, timestamp);
 		if (commit_reflog->recno < 0) {
 			free(branch);
@@ -209,6 +210,7 @@ int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 		}
 	} else
 		commit_reflog->recno = reflogs->nr - recno - 1;
+	commit_reflog->selector = selector;
 	commit_reflog->reflogs = reflogs;
 
 	add_commit_info(commit, commit_reflog, &info->reflogs);
@@ -241,13 +243,13 @@ void fake_reflog_parent(struct reflog_walk_info *info, struct commit *commit)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	commit->parents = xcalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list), 1);
+	commit->parents = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct commit_list));
 	commit->parents->item = commit_info->commit;
 }
 
 void get_reflog_selector(struct strbuf *sb,
 			 struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info,
-			 enum date_mode dmode,
+			 enum date_mode dmode, int force_date,
 			 int shorten)
 {
 	struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog = reflog_info->last_commit_reflog;
@@ -267,7 +269,8 @@ void get_reflog_selector(struct strbuf *sb,
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addf(sb, "%s@{", printed_ref);
-	if (commit_reflog->flag || dmode) {
+	if (commit_reflog->selector == SELECTOR_DATE ||
+	    (commit_reflog->selector == SELECTOR_NONE && force_date)) {
 		info = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno+1];
 		strbuf_addstr(sb, show_date(info->timestamp, info->tz, dmode));
 	} else {
@@ -308,7 +311,7 @@ const char *get_reflog_ident(struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info)
 }
 
 void show_reflog_message(struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info, int oneline,
-	enum date_mode dmode)
+			 enum date_mode dmode, int force_date)
 {
 	if (reflog_info && reflog_info->last_commit_reflog) {
 		struct commit_reflog *commit_reflog = reflog_info->last_commit_reflog;
@@ -316,7 +319,7 @@ void show_reflog_message(struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info, int oneline,
 		struct strbuf selector = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		info = &commit_reflog->reflogs->items[commit_reflog->recno+1];
-		get_reflog_selector(&selector, reflog_info, dmode, 0);
+		get_reflog_selector(&selector, reflog_info, dmode, force_date, 0);
 		if (oneline) {
 			printf("%s: %s", selector.buf, info->message);
 		}
diff --git a/reflog-walk.h b/reflog-walk.h
index afb1ae3fde..a9bd60e32d 100644
--- a/reflog-walk.h
+++ b/reflog-walk.h
@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@
 
 struct reflog_walk_info;
 
-extern void init_reflog_walk(struct reflog_walk_info** info);
+extern void init_reflog_walk(struct reflog_walk_info **info);
 extern int add_reflog_for_walk(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 		struct commit *commit, const char *name);
 extern void fake_reflog_parent(struct reflog_walk_info *info,
 		struct commit *commit);
 extern void show_reflog_message(struct reflog_walk_info *info, int,
-		enum date_mode);
+				enum date_mode, int force_date);
 extern void get_reflog_message(struct strbuf *sb,
 		struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info);
 extern const char *get_reflog_ident(struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info);
 extern void get_reflog_selector(struct strbuf *sb,
 		struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info,
-		enum date_mode dmode,
+		enum date_mode dmode, int force_date,
 		int shorten);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/refs.c b/refs.c
index c9f6835351..47e4e5380a 100644
--- a/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@ -1,21 +1,201 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+struct ref_lock {
+	char *ref_name;
+	char *orig_ref_name;
+	struct lock_file *lk;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	int lock_fd;
+};
 
-/* ISSYMREF=0x01, ISPACKED=0x02 and ISBROKEN=0x04 are public interfaces */
-#define REF_KNOWS_PEELED 0x10
+/*
+ * How to handle various characters in refnames:
+ * 0: An acceptable character for refs
+ * 1: End-of-component
+ * 2: ., look for a preceding . to reject .. in refs
+ * 3: {, look for a preceding @ to reject @{ in refs
+ * 4: A bad character: ASCII control characters, "~", "^", ":" or SP
+ */
+static unsigned char refname_disposition[256] = {
+	1, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+	4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
+	4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 4, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 4
+};
 
-struct ref_entry {
-	unsigned char flag; /* ISSYMREF? ISPACKED? */
+/*
+ * Flag passed to lock_ref_sha1_basic() telling it to tolerate broken
+ * refs (i.e., because the reference is about to be deleted anyway).
+ */
+#define REF_DELETING	0x02
+
+/*
+ * Used as a flag in ref_update::flags when a loose ref is being
+ * pruned.
+ */
+#define REF_ISPRUNING	0x04
+
+/*
+ * Used as a flag in ref_update::flags when the reference should be
+ * updated to new_sha1.
+ */
+#define REF_HAVE_NEW	0x08
+
+/*
+ * Used as a flag in ref_update::flags when old_sha1 should be
+ * checked.
+ */
+#define REF_HAVE_OLD	0x10
+
+/*
+ * Try to read one refname component from the front of refname.
+ * Return the length of the component found, or -1 if the component is
+ * not legal.  It is legal if it is something reasonable to have under
+ * ".git/refs/"; We do not like it if:
+ *
+ * - any path component of it begins with ".", or
+ * - it has double dots "..", or
+ * - it has ASCII control character, "~", "^", ":" or SP, anywhere, or
+ * - it ends with a "/".
+ * - it ends with ".lock"
+ * - it contains a "\" (backslash)
+ */
+static int check_refname_component(const char *refname, int flags)
+{
+	const char *cp;
+	char last = '\0';
+
+	for (cp = refname; ; cp++) {
+		int ch = *cp & 255;
+		unsigned char disp = refname_disposition[ch];
+		switch (disp) {
+		case 1:
+			goto out;
+		case 2:
+			if (last == '.')
+				return -1; /* Refname contains "..". */
+			break;
+		case 3:
+			if (last == '@')
+				return -1; /* Refname contains "@{". */
+			break;
+		case 4:
+			return -1;
+		}
+		last = ch;
+	}
+out:
+	if (cp == refname)
+		return 0; /* Component has zero length. */
+	if (refname[0] == '.')
+		return -1; /* Component starts with '.'. */
+	if (cp - refname >= LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN &&
+	    !memcmp(cp - LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN, LOCK_SUFFIX, LOCK_SUFFIX_LEN))
+		return -1; /* Refname ends with ".lock". */
+	return cp - refname;
+}
+
+int check_refname_format(const char *refname, int flags)
+{
+	int component_len, component_count = 0;
+
+	if (!strcmp(refname, "@"))
+		/* Refname is a single character '@'. */
+		return -1;
+
+	while (1) {
+		/* We are at the start of a path component. */
+		component_len = check_refname_component(refname, flags);
+		if (component_len <= 0) {
+			if ((flags & REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN) &&
+					refname[0] == '*' &&
+					(refname[1] == '\0' || refname[1] == '/')) {
+				/* Accept one wildcard as a full refname component. */
+				flags &= ~REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN;
+				component_len = 1;
+			} else {
+				return -1;
+			}
+		}
+		component_count++;
+		if (refname[component_len] == '\0')
+			break;
+		/* Skip to next component. */
+		refname += component_len + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (refname[component_len - 1] == '.')
+		return -1; /* Refname ends with '.'. */
+	if (!(flags & REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL) && component_count < 2)
+		return -1; /* Refname has only one component. */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct ref_entry;
+
+/*
+ * Information used (along with the information in ref_entry) to
+ * describe a single cached reference.  This data structure only
+ * occurs embedded in a union in struct ref_entry, and only when
+ * (ref_entry->flag & REF_DIR) is zero.
+ */
+struct ref_value {
+	/*
+	 * The name of the object to which this reference resolves
+	 * (which may be a tag object).  If REF_ISBROKEN, this is
+	 * null.  If REF_ISSYMREF, then this is the name of the object
+	 * referred to by the last reference in the symlink chain.
+	 */
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	/*
+	 * If REF_KNOWS_PEELED, then this field holds the peeled value
+	 * of this reference, or null if the reference is known not to
+	 * be peelable.  See the documentation for peel_ref() for an
+	 * exact definition of "peelable".
+	 */
 	unsigned char peeled[20];
-	/* The full name of the reference (e.g., "refs/heads/master"): */
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
 };
 
-struct ref_array {
+struct ref_cache;
+
+/*
+ * Information used (along with the information in ref_entry) to
+ * describe a level in the hierarchy of references.  This data
+ * structure only occurs embedded in a union in struct ref_entry, and
+ * only when (ref_entry.flag & REF_DIR) is set.  In that case,
+ * (ref_entry.flag & REF_INCOMPLETE) determines whether the references
+ * in the directory have already been read:
+ *
+ *     (ref_entry.flag & REF_INCOMPLETE) unset -- a directory of loose
+ *         or packed references, already read.
+ *
+ *     (ref_entry.flag & REF_INCOMPLETE) set -- a directory of loose
+ *         references that hasn't been read yet (nor has any of its
+ *         subdirectories).
+ *
+ * Entries within a directory are stored within a growable array of
+ * pointers to ref_entries (entries, nr, alloc).  Entries 0 <= i <
+ * sorted are sorted by their component name in strcmp() order and the
+ * remaining entries are unsorted.
+ *
+ * Loose references are read lazily, one directory at a time.  When a
+ * directory of loose references is read, then all of the references
+ * in that directory are stored, and REF_INCOMPLETE stubs are created
+ * for any subdirectories, but the subdirectories themselves are not
+ * read.  The reading is triggered by get_ref_dir().
+ */
+struct ref_dir {
 	int nr, alloc;
 
 	/*
@@ -26,40 +206,132 @@ struct ref_array {
 	 */
 	int sorted;
 
-	struct ref_entry **refs;
+	/* A pointer to the ref_cache that contains this ref_dir. */
+	struct ref_cache *ref_cache;
+
+	struct ref_entry **entries;
 };
 
 /*
- * Parse one line from a packed-refs file.  Write the SHA1 to sha1.
- * Return a pointer to the refname within the line (null-terminated),
- * or NULL if there was a problem.
+ * Bit values for ref_entry::flag.  REF_ISSYMREF=0x01,
+ * REF_ISPACKED=0x02, REF_ISBROKEN=0x04 and REF_BAD_NAME=0x08 are
+ * public values; see refs.h.
  */
-static const char *parse_ref_line(char *line, unsigned char *sha1)
-{
+
+/*
+ * The field ref_entry->u.value.peeled of this value entry contains
+ * the correct peeled value for the reference, which might be
+ * null_sha1 if the reference is not a tag or if it is broken.
+ */
+#define REF_KNOWS_PEELED 0x10
+
+/* ref_entry represents a directory of references */
+#define REF_DIR 0x20
+
+/*
+ * Entry has not yet been read from disk (used only for REF_DIR
+ * entries representing loose references)
+ */
+#define REF_INCOMPLETE 0x40
+
+/*
+ * A ref_entry represents either a reference or a "subdirectory" of
+ * references.
+ *
+ * Each directory in the reference namespace is represented by a
+ * ref_entry with (flags & REF_DIR) set and containing a subdir member
+ * that holds the entries in that directory that have been read so
+ * far.  If (flags & REF_INCOMPLETE) is set, then the directory and
+ * its subdirectories haven't been read yet.  REF_INCOMPLETE is only
+ * used for loose reference directories.
+ *
+ * References are represented by a ref_entry with (flags & REF_DIR)
+ * unset and a value member that describes the reference's value.  The
+ * flag member is at the ref_entry level, but it is also needed to
+ * interpret the contents of the value field (in other words, a
+ * ref_value object is not very much use without the enclosing
+ * ref_entry).
+ *
+ * Reference names cannot end with slash and directories' names are
+ * always stored with a trailing slash (except for the top-level
+ * directory, which is always denoted by "").  This has two nice
+ * consequences: (1) when the entries in each subdir are sorted
+ * lexicographically by name (as they usually are), the references in
+ * a whole tree can be generated in lexicographic order by traversing
+ * the tree in left-to-right, depth-first order; (2) the names of
+ * references and subdirectories cannot conflict, and therefore the
+ * presence of an empty subdirectory does not block the creation of a
+ * similarly-named reference.  (The fact that reference names with the
+ * same leading components can conflict *with each other* is a
+ * separate issue that is regulated by is_refname_available().)
+ *
+ * Please note that the name field contains the fully-qualified
+ * reference (or subdirectory) name.  Space could be saved by only
+ * storing the relative names.  But that would require the full names
+ * to be generated on the fly when iterating in do_for_each_ref(), and
+ * would break callback functions, who have always been able to assume
+ * that the name strings that they are passed will not be freed during
+ * the iteration.
+ */
+struct ref_entry {
+	unsigned char flag; /* ISSYMREF? ISPACKED? */
+	union {
+		struct ref_value value; /* if not (flags&REF_DIR) */
+		struct ref_dir subdir; /* if (flags&REF_DIR) */
+	} u;
 	/*
-	 * 42: the answer to everything.
-	 *
-	 * In this case, it happens to be the answer to
-	 *  40 (length of sha1 hex representation)
-	 *  +1 (space in between hex and name)
-	 *  +1 (newline at the end of the line)
+	 * The full name of the reference (e.g., "refs/heads/master")
+	 * or the full name of the directory with a trailing slash
+	 * (e.g., "refs/heads/"):
 	 */
-	int len = strlen(line) - 42;
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
 
-	if (len <= 0)
-		return NULL;
-	if (get_sha1_hex(line, sha1) < 0)
-		return NULL;
-	if (!isspace(line[40]))
-		return NULL;
-	line += 41;
-	if (isspace(*line))
-		return NULL;
-	if (line[len] != '\n')
-		return NULL;
-	line[len] = 0;
+static void read_loose_refs(const char *dirname, struct ref_dir *dir);
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_ref_dir(struct ref_entry *entry)
+{
+	struct ref_dir *dir;
+	assert(entry->flag & REF_DIR);
+	dir = &entry->u.subdir;
+	if (entry->flag & REF_INCOMPLETE) {
+		read_loose_refs(entry->name, dir);
+		entry->flag &= ~REF_INCOMPLETE;
+	}
+	return dir;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if a refname is safe.
+ * For refs that start with "refs/" we consider it safe as long they do
+ * not try to resolve to outside of refs/.
+ *
+ * For all other refs we only consider them safe iff they only contain
+ * upper case characters and '_' (like "HEAD" AND "MERGE_HEAD", and not like
+ * "config").
+ */
+static int refname_is_safe(const char *refname)
+{
+	if (starts_with(refname, "refs/")) {
+		char *buf;
+		int result;
 
-	return line;
+		buf = xmalloc(strlen(refname) + 1);
+		/*
+		 * Does the refname try to escape refs/?
+		 * For example: refs/foo/../bar is safe but refs/foo/../../bar
+		 * is not.
+		 */
+		result = !normalize_path_copy(buf, refname + strlen("refs/"));
+		free(buf);
+		return result;
+	}
+	while (*refname) {
+		if (!isupper(*refname) && *refname != '_')
+			return 0;
+		refname++;
+	}
+	return 1;
 }
 
 static struct ref_entry *create_ref_entry(const char *refname,
@@ -70,22 +342,79 @@ static struct ref_entry *create_ref_entry(const char *refname,
 	struct ref_entry *ref;
 
 	if (check_name &&
-	    check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL|REFNAME_DOT_COMPONENT))
+	    check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
 		die("Reference has invalid format: '%s'", refname);
+	if (!check_name && !refname_is_safe(refname))
+		die("Reference has invalid name: '%s'", refname);
 	len = strlen(refname) + 1;
 	ref = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref_entry) + len);
-	hashcpy(ref->sha1, sha1);
-	hashclr(ref->peeled);
+	hashcpy(ref->u.value.sha1, sha1);
+	hashclr(ref->u.value.peeled);
 	memcpy(ref->name, refname, len);
 	ref->flag = flag;
 	return ref;
 }
 
-/* Add a ref_entry to the end of the ref_array (unsorted). */
-static void add_ref(struct ref_array *refs, struct ref_entry *ref)
+static void clear_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir);
+
+static void free_ref_entry(struct ref_entry *entry)
 {
-	ALLOC_GROW(refs->refs, refs->nr + 1, refs->alloc);
-	refs->refs[refs->nr++] = ref;
+	if (entry->flag & REF_DIR) {
+		/*
+		 * Do not use get_ref_dir() here, as that might
+		 * trigger the reading of loose refs.
+		 */
+		clear_ref_dir(&entry->u.subdir);
+	}
+	free(entry);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a ref_entry to the end of dir (unsorted).  Entry is always
+ * stored directly in dir; no recursion into subdirectories is
+ * done.
+ */
+static void add_entry_to_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, struct ref_entry *entry)
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(dir->entries, dir->nr + 1, dir->alloc);
+	dir->entries[dir->nr++] = entry;
+	/* optimize for the case that entries are added in order */
+	if (dir->nr == 1 ||
+	    (dir->nr == dir->sorted + 1 &&
+	     strcmp(dir->entries[dir->nr - 2]->name,
+		    dir->entries[dir->nr - 1]->name) < 0))
+		dir->sorted = dir->nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clear and free all entries in dir, recursively.
+ */
+static void clear_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++)
+		free_ref_entry(dir->entries[i]);
+	free(dir->entries);
+	dir->sorted = dir->nr = dir->alloc = 0;
+	dir->entries = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a struct ref_entry object for the specified dirname.
+ * dirname is the name of the directory with a trailing slash (e.g.,
+ * "refs/heads/") or "" for the top-level directory.
+ */
+static struct ref_entry *create_dir_entry(struct ref_cache *ref_cache,
+					  const char *dirname, size_t len,
+					  int incomplete)
+{
+	struct ref_entry *direntry;
+	direntry = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_entry) + len + 1);
+	memcpy(direntry->name, dirname, len);
+	direntry->name[len] = '\0';
+	direntry->u.subdir.ref_cache = ref_cache;
+	direntry->flag = REF_DIR | (incomplete ? REF_INCOMPLETE : 0);
+	return direntry;
 }
 
 static int ref_entry_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
@@ -95,6 +424,189 @@ static int ref_entry_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	return strcmp(one->name, two->name);
 }
 
+static void sort_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir);
+
+struct string_slice {
+	size_t len;
+	const char *str;
+};
+
+static int ref_entry_cmp_sslice(const void *key_, const void *ent_)
+{
+	const struct string_slice *key = key_;
+	const struct ref_entry *ent = *(const struct ref_entry * const *)ent_;
+	int cmp = strncmp(key->str, ent->name, key->len);
+	if (cmp)
+		return cmp;
+	return '\0' - (unsigned char)ent->name[key->len];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the index of the entry with the given refname from the
+ * ref_dir (non-recursively), sorting dir if necessary.  Return -1 if
+ * no such entry is found.  dir must already be complete.
+ */
+static int search_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname, size_t len)
+{
+	struct ref_entry **r;
+	struct string_slice key;
+
+	if (refname == NULL || !dir->nr)
+		return -1;
+
+	sort_ref_dir(dir);
+	key.len = len;
+	key.str = refname;
+	r = bsearch(&key, dir->entries, dir->nr, sizeof(*dir->entries),
+		    ref_entry_cmp_sslice);
+
+	if (r == NULL)
+		return -1;
+
+	return r - dir->entries;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search for a directory entry directly within dir (without
+ * recursing).  Sort dir if necessary.  subdirname must be a directory
+ * name (i.e., end in '/').  If mkdir is set, then create the
+ * directory if it is missing; otherwise, return NULL if the desired
+ * directory cannot be found.  dir must already be complete.
+ */
+static struct ref_dir *search_for_subdir(struct ref_dir *dir,
+					 const char *subdirname, size_t len,
+					 int mkdir)
+{
+	int entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, subdirname, len);
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+	if (entry_index == -1) {
+		if (!mkdir)
+			return NULL;
+		/*
+		 * Since dir is complete, the absence of a subdir
+		 * means that the subdir really doesn't exist;
+		 * therefore, create an empty record for it but mark
+		 * the record complete.
+		 */
+		entry = create_dir_entry(dir->ref_cache, subdirname, len, 0);
+		add_entry_to_dir(dir, entry);
+	} else {
+		entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+	}
+	return get_ref_dir(entry);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If refname is a reference name, find the ref_dir within the dir
+ * tree that should hold refname.  If refname is a directory name
+ * (i.e., ends in '/'), then return that ref_dir itself.  dir must
+ * represent the top-level directory and must already be complete.
+ * Sort ref_dirs and recurse into subdirectories as necessary.  If
+ * mkdir is set, then create any missing directories; otherwise,
+ * return NULL if the desired directory cannot be found.
+ */
+static struct ref_dir *find_containing_dir(struct ref_dir *dir,
+					   const char *refname, int mkdir)
+{
+	const char *slash;
+	for (slash = strchr(refname, '/'); slash; slash = strchr(slash + 1, '/')) {
+		size_t dirnamelen = slash - refname + 1;
+		struct ref_dir *subdir;
+		subdir = search_for_subdir(dir, refname, dirnamelen, mkdir);
+		if (!subdir) {
+			dir = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+		dir = subdir;
+	}
+
+	return dir;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the value entry with the given name in dir, sorting ref_dirs
+ * and recursing into subdirectories as necessary.  If the name is not
+ * found or it corresponds to a directory entry, return NULL.
+ */
+static struct ref_entry *find_ref(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname)
+{
+	int entry_index;
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+	dir = find_containing_dir(dir, refname, 0);
+	if (!dir)
+		return NULL;
+	entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, strlen(refname));
+	if (entry_index == -1)
+		return NULL;
+	entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+	return (entry->flag & REF_DIR) ? NULL : entry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove the entry with the given name from dir, recursing into
+ * subdirectories as necessary.  If refname is the name of a directory
+ * (i.e., ends with '/'), then remove the directory and its contents.
+ * If the removal was successful, return the number of entries
+ * remaining in the directory entry that contained the deleted entry.
+ * If the name was not found, return -1.  Please note that this
+ * function only deletes the entry from the cache; it does not delete
+ * it from the filesystem or ensure that other cache entries (which
+ * might be symbolic references to the removed entry) are updated.
+ * Nor does it remove any containing dir entries that might be made
+ * empty by the removal.  dir must represent the top-level directory
+ * and must already be complete.
+ */
+static int remove_entry(struct ref_dir *dir, const char *refname)
+{
+	int refname_len = strlen(refname);
+	int entry_index;
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+	int is_dir = refname[refname_len - 1] == '/';
+	if (is_dir) {
+		/*
+		 * refname represents a reference directory.  Remove
+		 * the trailing slash; otherwise we will get the
+		 * directory *representing* refname rather than the
+		 * one *containing* it.
+		 */
+		char *dirname = xmemdupz(refname, refname_len - 1);
+		dir = find_containing_dir(dir, dirname, 0);
+		free(dirname);
+	} else {
+		dir = find_containing_dir(dir, refname, 0);
+	}
+	if (!dir)
+		return -1;
+	entry_index = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, refname_len);
+	if (entry_index == -1)
+		return -1;
+	entry = dir->entries[entry_index];
+
+	memmove(&dir->entries[entry_index],
+		&dir->entries[entry_index + 1],
+		(dir->nr - entry_index - 1) * sizeof(*dir->entries)
+		);
+	dir->nr--;
+	if (dir->sorted > entry_index)
+		dir->sorted--;
+	free_ref_entry(entry);
+	return dir->nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add a ref_entry to the ref_dir (unsorted), recursing into
+ * subdirectories as necessary.  dir must represent the top-level
+ * directory.  Return 0 on success.
+ */
+static int add_ref(struct ref_dir *dir, struct ref_entry *ref)
+{
+	dir = find_containing_dir(dir, ref->name, 1);
+	if (!dir)
+		return -1;
+	add_entry_to_dir(dir, ref);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Emit a warning and return true iff ref1 and ref2 have the same name
  * and the same sha1.  Die if they have the same name but different
@@ -102,109 +614,435 @@ static int ref_entry_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
  */
 static int is_dup_ref(const struct ref_entry *ref1, const struct ref_entry *ref2)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(ref1->name, ref2->name)) {
-		/* Duplicate name; make sure that the SHA1s match: */
-		if (hashcmp(ref1->sha1, ref2->sha1))
-			die("Duplicated ref, and SHA1s don't match: %s",
-			    ref1->name);
-		warning("Duplicated ref: %s", ref1->name);
-		return 1;
-	} else {
+	if (strcmp(ref1->name, ref2->name))
 		return 0;
-	}
+
+	/* Duplicate name; make sure that they don't conflict: */
+
+	if ((ref1->flag & REF_DIR) || (ref2->flag & REF_DIR))
+		/* This is impossible by construction */
+		die("Reference directory conflict: %s", ref1->name);
+
+	if (hashcmp(ref1->u.value.sha1, ref2->u.value.sha1))
+		die("Duplicated ref, and SHA1s don't match: %s", ref1->name);
+
+	warning("Duplicated ref: %s", ref1->name);
+	return 1;
 }
 
 /*
- * Sort the entries in array (if they are not already sorted).
+ * Sort the entries in dir non-recursively (if they are not already
+ * sorted) and remove any duplicate entries.
  */
-static void sort_ref_array(struct ref_array *array)
+static void sort_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
 {
 	int i, j;
+	struct ref_entry *last = NULL;
 
 	/*
 	 * This check also prevents passing a zero-length array to qsort(),
 	 * which is a problem on some platforms.
 	 */
-	if (array->sorted == array->nr)
+	if (dir->sorted == dir->nr)
 		return;
 
-	qsort(array->refs, array->nr, sizeof(*array->refs), ref_entry_cmp);
+	qsort(dir->entries, dir->nr, sizeof(*dir->entries), ref_entry_cmp);
 
-	/* Remove any duplicates from the ref_array */
-	i = 0;
-	for (j = 1; j < array->nr; j++) {
-		if (is_dup_ref(array->refs[i], array->refs[j])) {
-			free(array->refs[j]);
-			continue;
+	/* Remove any duplicates: */
+	for (i = 0, j = 0; j < dir->nr; j++) {
+		struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[j];
+		if (last && is_dup_ref(last, entry))
+			free_ref_entry(entry);
+		else
+			last = dir->entries[i++] = entry;
+	}
+	dir->sorted = dir->nr = i;
+}
+
+/* Include broken references in a do_for_each_ref*() iteration: */
+#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 0x01
+
+/*
+ * Return true iff the reference described by entry can be resolved to
+ * an object in the database.  Emit a warning if the referred-to
+ * object does not exist.
+ */
+static int ref_resolves_to_object(struct ref_entry *entry)
+{
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
+		return 0;
+	if (!has_sha1_file(entry->u.value.sha1)) {
+		error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * current_ref is a performance hack: when iterating over references
+ * using the for_each_ref*() functions, current_ref is set to the
+ * current reference's entry before calling the callback function.  If
+ * the callback function calls peel_ref(), then peel_ref() first
+ * checks whether the reference to be peeled is the current reference
+ * (it usually is) and if so, returns that reference's peeled version
+ * if it is available.  This avoids a refname lookup in a common case.
+ */
+static struct ref_entry *current_ref;
+
+typedef int each_ref_entry_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data);
+
+struct ref_entry_cb {
+	const char *base;
+	int trim;
+	int flags;
+	each_ref_fn *fn;
+	void *cb_data;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Handle one reference in a do_for_each_ref*()-style iteration,
+ * calling an each_ref_fn for each entry.
+ */
+static int do_one_ref(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref_entry_cb *data = cb_data;
+	struct ref_entry *old_current_ref;
+	int retval;
+
+	if (!starts_with(entry->name, data->base))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!(data->flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN) &&
+	      !ref_resolves_to_object(entry))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Store the old value, in case this is a recursive call: */
+	old_current_ref = current_ref;
+	current_ref = entry;
+	retval = data->fn(entry->name + data->trim, entry->u.value.sha1,
+			  entry->flag, data->cb_data);
+	current_ref = old_current_ref;
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in dir that has index in the range
+ * offset <= index < dir->nr.  Recurse into subdirectories that are in
+ * that index range, sorting them before iterating.  This function
+ * does not sort dir itself; it should be sorted beforehand.  fn is
+ * called for all references, including broken ones.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_entry_in_dir(struct ref_dir *dir, int offset,
+				    each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int i;
+	assert(dir->sorted == dir->nr);
+	for (i = offset; i < dir->nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[i];
+		int retval;
+		if (entry->flag & REF_DIR) {
+			struct ref_dir *subdir = get_ref_dir(entry);
+			sort_ref_dir(subdir);
+			retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(subdir, 0, fn, cb_data);
+		} else {
+			retval = fn(entry, cb_data);
 		}
-		array->refs[++i] = array->refs[j];
+		if (retval)
+			return retval;
 	}
-	array->sorted = array->nr = i + 1;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct ref_entry *search_ref_array(struct ref_array *array, const char *refname)
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the union of dir1 and dir2, in order
+ * by refname.  Recurse into subdirectories.  If a value entry appears
+ * in both dir1 and dir2, then only process the version that is in
+ * dir2.  The input dirs must already be sorted, but subdirs will be
+ * sorted as needed.  fn is called for all references, including
+ * broken ones.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(struct ref_dir *dir1,
+				     struct ref_dir *dir2,
+				     each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct ref_entry *e, **r;
-	int len;
+	int retval;
+	int i1 = 0, i2 = 0;
 
-	if (refname == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+	assert(dir1->sorted == dir1->nr);
+	assert(dir2->sorted == dir2->nr);
+	while (1) {
+		struct ref_entry *e1, *e2;
+		int cmp;
+		if (i1 == dir1->nr) {
+			return do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir2, i2, fn, cb_data);
+		}
+		if (i2 == dir2->nr) {
+			return do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir1, i1, fn, cb_data);
+		}
+		e1 = dir1->entries[i1];
+		e2 = dir2->entries[i2];
+		cmp = strcmp(e1->name, e2->name);
+		if (cmp == 0) {
+			if ((e1->flag & REF_DIR) && (e2->flag & REF_DIR)) {
+				/* Both are directories; descend them in parallel. */
+				struct ref_dir *subdir1 = get_ref_dir(e1);
+				struct ref_dir *subdir2 = get_ref_dir(e2);
+				sort_ref_dir(subdir1);
+				sort_ref_dir(subdir2);
+				retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(
+						subdir1, subdir2, fn, cb_data);
+				i1++;
+				i2++;
+			} else if (!(e1->flag & REF_DIR) && !(e2->flag & REF_DIR)) {
+				/* Both are references; ignore the one from dir1. */
+				retval = fn(e2, cb_data);
+				i1++;
+				i2++;
+			} else {
+				die("conflict between reference and directory: %s",
+				    e1->name);
+			}
+		} else {
+			struct ref_entry *e;
+			if (cmp < 0) {
+				e = e1;
+				i1++;
+			} else {
+				e = e2;
+				i2++;
+			}
+			if (e->flag & REF_DIR) {
+				struct ref_dir *subdir = get_ref_dir(e);
+				sort_ref_dir(subdir);
+				retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+						subdir, 0, fn, cb_data);
+			} else {
+				retval = fn(e, cb_data);
+			}
+		}
+		if (retval)
+			return retval;
+	}
+}
 
-	if (!array->nr)
-		return NULL;
-	sort_ref_array(array);
-	len = strlen(refname) + 1;
-	e = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref_entry) + len);
-	memcpy(e->name, refname, len);
+/*
+ * Load all of the refs from the dir into our in-memory cache. The hard work
+ * of loading loose refs is done by get_ref_dir(), so we just need to recurse
+ * through all of the sub-directories. We do not even need to care about
+ * sorting, as traversal order does not matter to us.
+ */
+static void prime_ref_dir(struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < dir->nr; i++) {
+		struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[i];
+		if (entry->flag & REF_DIR)
+			prime_ref_dir(get_ref_dir(entry));
+	}
+}
+
+static int entry_matches(struct ref_entry *entry, const struct string_list *list)
+{
+	return list && string_list_has_string(list, entry->name);
+}
 
-	r = bsearch(&e, array->refs, array->nr, sizeof(*array->refs), ref_entry_cmp);
+struct nonmatching_ref_data {
+	const struct string_list *skip;
+	struct ref_entry *found;
+};
 
-	free(e);
+static int nonmatching_ref_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *vdata)
+{
+	struct nonmatching_ref_data *data = vdata;
 
-	if (r == NULL)
-		return NULL;
+	if (entry_matches(entry, data->skip))
+		return 0;
+
+	data->found = entry;
+	return 1;
+}
 
-	return *r;
+static void report_refname_conflict(struct ref_entry *entry,
+				    const char *refname)
+{
+	error("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'", entry->name, refname);
 }
 
 /*
+ * Return true iff a reference named refname could be created without
+ * conflicting with the name of an existing reference in dir.  If
+ * skip is non-NULL, ignore potential conflicts with refs in skip
+ * (e.g., because they are scheduled for deletion in the same
+ * operation).
+ *
+ * Two reference names conflict if one of them exactly matches the
+ * leading components of the other; e.g., "foo/bar" conflicts with
+ * both "foo" and with "foo/bar/baz" but not with "foo/bar" or
+ * "foo/barbados".
+ *
+ * skip must be sorted.
+ */
+static int is_refname_available(const char *refname,
+				const struct string_list *skip,
+				struct ref_dir *dir)
+{
+	const char *slash;
+	size_t len;
+	int pos;
+	char *dirname;
+
+	for (slash = strchr(refname, '/'); slash; slash = strchr(slash + 1, '/')) {
+		/*
+		 * We are still at a leading dir of the refname; we are
+		 * looking for a conflict with a leaf entry.
+		 *
+		 * If we find one, we still must make sure it is
+		 * not in "skip".
+		 */
+		pos = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, slash - refname);
+		if (pos >= 0) {
+			struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[pos];
+			if (entry_matches(entry, skip))
+				return 1;
+			report_refname_conflict(entry, refname);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, we can try to continue our search with
+		 * the next component; if we come up empty, we know
+		 * there is nothing under this whole prefix.
+		 */
+		pos = search_ref_dir(dir, refname, slash + 1 - refname);
+		if (pos < 0)
+			return 1;
+
+		dir = get_ref_dir(dir->entries[pos]);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We are at the leaf of our refname; we want to
+	 * make sure there are no directories which match it.
+	 */
+	len = strlen(refname);
+	dirname = xmallocz(len + 1);
+	sprintf(dirname, "%s/", refname);
+	pos = search_ref_dir(dir, dirname, len + 1);
+	free(dirname);
+
+	if (pos >= 0) {
+		/*
+		 * We found a directory named "refname". It is a
+		 * problem iff it contains any ref that is not
+		 * in "skip".
+		 */
+		struct ref_entry *entry = dir->entries[pos];
+		struct ref_dir *dir = get_ref_dir(entry);
+		struct nonmatching_ref_data data;
+
+		data.skip = skip;
+		sort_ref_dir(dir);
+		if (!do_for_each_entry_in_dir(dir, 0, nonmatching_ref_fn, &data))
+			return 1;
+
+		report_refname_conflict(data.found, refname);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * There is no point in searching for another leaf
+	 * node which matches it; such an entry would be the
+	 * ref we are looking for, not a conflict.
+	 */
+	return 1;
+}
+
+struct packed_ref_cache {
+	struct ref_entry *root;
+
+	/*
+	 * Count of references to the data structure in this instance,
+	 * including the pointer from ref_cache::packed if any.  The
+	 * data will not be freed as long as the reference count is
+	 * nonzero.
+	 */
+	unsigned int referrers;
+
+	/*
+	 * Iff the packed-refs file associated with this instance is
+	 * currently locked for writing, this points at the associated
+	 * lock (which is owned by somebody else).  The referrer count
+	 * is also incremented when the file is locked and decremented
+	 * when it is unlocked.
+	 */
+	struct lock_file *lock;
+
+	/* The metadata from when this packed-refs cache was read */
+	struct stat_validity validity;
+};
+
+/*
  * Future: need to be in "struct repository"
  * when doing a full libification.
  */
 static struct ref_cache {
 	struct ref_cache *next;
-	char did_loose;
-	char did_packed;
-	struct ref_array loose;
-	struct ref_array packed;
-	/* The submodule name, or "" for the main repo. */
-	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
-} *ref_cache;
+	struct ref_entry *loose;
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed;
+	/*
+	 * The submodule name, or "" for the main repo.  We allocate
+	 * length 1 rather than FLEX_ARRAY so that the main ref_cache
+	 * is initialized correctly.
+	 */
+	char name[1];
+} ref_cache, *submodule_ref_caches;
 
-static struct ref_entry *current_ref;
+/* Lock used for the main packed-refs file: */
+static struct lock_file packlock;
 
-static void clear_ref_array(struct ref_array *array)
+/*
+ * Increment the reference count of *packed_refs.
+ */
+static void acquire_packed_ref_cache(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs)
 {
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++)
-		free(array->refs[i]);
-	free(array->refs);
-	array->sorted = array->nr = array->alloc = 0;
-	array->refs = NULL;
+	packed_refs->referrers++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Decrease the reference count of *packed_refs.  If it goes to zero,
+ * free *packed_refs and return true; otherwise return false.
+ */
+static int release_packed_ref_cache(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs)
+{
+	if (!--packed_refs->referrers) {
+		free_ref_entry(packed_refs->root);
+		stat_validity_clear(&packed_refs->validity);
+		free(packed_refs);
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		return 0;
+	}
 }
 
 static void clear_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
 {
-	if (refs->did_packed)
-		clear_ref_array(&refs->packed);
-	refs->did_packed = 0;
+	if (refs->packed) {
+		struct packed_ref_cache *packed_refs = refs->packed;
+
+		if (packed_refs->lock)
+			die("internal error: packed-ref cache cleared while locked");
+		refs->packed = NULL;
+		release_packed_ref_cache(packed_refs);
+	}
 }
 
 static void clear_loose_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
 {
-	if (refs->did_loose)
-		clear_ref_array(&refs->loose);
-	refs->did_loose = 0;
+	if (refs->loose) {
+		free_ref_entry(refs->loose);
+		refs->loose = NULL;
+	}
 }
 
 static struct ref_cache *create_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
@@ -227,194 +1065,292 @@ static struct ref_cache *create_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
  */
 static struct ref_cache *get_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
 {
-	struct ref_cache *refs = ref_cache;
-	if (!submodule)
-		submodule = "";
-	while (refs) {
+	struct ref_cache *refs;
+
+	if (!submodule || !*submodule)
+		return &ref_cache;
+
+	for (refs = submodule_ref_caches; refs; refs = refs->next)
 		if (!strcmp(submodule, refs->name))
 			return refs;
-		refs = refs->next;
-	}
 
 	refs = create_ref_cache(submodule);
-	refs->next = ref_cache;
-	ref_cache = refs;
+	refs->next = submodule_ref_caches;
+	submodule_ref_caches = refs;
 	return refs;
 }
 
-void invalidate_ref_cache(const char *submodule)
+/* The length of a peeled reference line in packed-refs, including EOL: */
+#define PEELED_LINE_LENGTH 42
+
+/*
+ * The packed-refs header line that we write out.  Perhaps other
+ * traits will be added later.  The trailing space is required.
+ */
+static const char PACKED_REFS_HEADER[] =
+	"# pack-refs with: peeled fully-peeled \n";
+
+/*
+ * Parse one line from a packed-refs file.  Write the SHA1 to sha1.
+ * Return a pointer to the refname within the line (null-terminated),
+ * or NULL if there was a problem.
+ */
+static const char *parse_ref_line(struct strbuf *line, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(submodule);
-	clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
-	clear_loose_ref_cache(refs);
+	const char *ref;
+
+	/*
+	 * 42: the answer to everything.
+	 *
+	 * In this case, it happens to be the answer to
+	 *  40 (length of sha1 hex representation)
+	 *  +1 (space in between hex and name)
+	 *  +1 (newline at the end of the line)
+	 */
+	if (line->len <= 42)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (get_sha1_hex(line->buf, sha1) < 0)
+		return NULL;
+	if (!isspace(line->buf[40]))
+		return NULL;
+
+	ref = line->buf + 41;
+	if (isspace(*ref))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (line->buf[line->len - 1] != '\n')
+		return NULL;
+	line->buf[--line->len] = 0;
+
+	return ref;
 }
 
-static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct ref_array *array)
+/*
+ * Read f, which is a packed-refs file, into dir.
+ *
+ * A comment line of the form "# pack-refs with: " may contain zero or
+ * more traits. We interpret the traits as follows:
+ *
+ *   No traits:
+ *
+ *      Probably no references are peeled. But if the file contains a
+ *      peeled value for a reference, we will use it.
+ *
+ *   peeled:
+ *
+ *      References under "refs/tags/", if they *can* be peeled, *are*
+ *      peeled in this file. References outside of "refs/tags/" are
+ *      probably not peeled even if they could have been, but if we find
+ *      a peeled value for such a reference we will use it.
+ *
+ *   fully-peeled:
+ *
+ *      All references in the file that can be peeled are peeled.
+ *      Inversely (and this is more important), any references in the
+ *      file for which no peeled value is recorded is not peelable. This
+ *      trait should typically be written alongside "peeled" for
+ *      compatibility with older clients, but we do not require it
+ *      (i.e., "peeled" is a no-op if "fully-peeled" is set).
+ */
+static void read_packed_refs(FILE *f, struct ref_dir *dir)
 {
 	struct ref_entry *last = NULL;
-	char refline[PATH_MAX];
-	int flag = REF_ISPACKED;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	enum { PEELED_NONE, PEELED_TAGS, PEELED_FULLY } peeled = PEELED_NONE;
 
-	while (fgets(refline, sizeof(refline), f)) {
+	while (strbuf_getwholeline(&line, f, '\n') != EOF) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		const char *refname;
-		static const char header[] = "# pack-refs with:";
+		const char *traits;
 
-		if (!strncmp(refline, header, sizeof(header)-1)) {
-			const char *traits = refline + sizeof(header) - 1;
-			if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
-				flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+		if (skip_prefix(line.buf, "# pack-refs with:", &traits)) {
+			if (strstr(traits, " fully-peeled "))
+				peeled = PEELED_FULLY;
+			else if (strstr(traits, " peeled "))
+				peeled = PEELED_TAGS;
 			/* perhaps other traits later as well */
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		refname = parse_ref_line(refline, sha1);
+		refname = parse_ref_line(&line, sha1);
 		if (refname) {
-			last = create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, flag, 1);
-			add_ref(array, last);
+			int flag = REF_ISPACKED;
+
+			if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+				hashclr(sha1);
+				flag |= REF_BAD_NAME | REF_ISBROKEN;
+			}
+			last = create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, flag, 0);
+			if (peeled == PEELED_FULLY ||
+			    (peeled == PEELED_TAGS && starts_with(refname, "refs/tags/")))
+				last->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+			add_ref(dir, last);
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (last &&
-		    refline[0] == '^' &&
-		    strlen(refline) == 42 &&
-		    refline[41] == '\n' &&
-		    !get_sha1_hex(refline + 1, sha1))
-			hashcpy(last->peeled, sha1);
+		    line.buf[0] == '^' &&
+		    line.len == PEELED_LINE_LENGTH &&
+		    line.buf[PEELED_LINE_LENGTH - 1] == '\n' &&
+		    !get_sha1_hex(line.buf + 1, sha1)) {
+			hashcpy(last->u.value.peeled, sha1);
+			/*
+			 * Regardless of what the file header said,
+			 * we definitely know the value of *this*
+			 * reference:
+			 */
+			last->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+		}
 	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&line);
 }
 
-static struct ref_array *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
+/*
+ * Get the packed_ref_cache for the specified ref_cache, creating it
+ * if necessary.
+ */
+static struct packed_ref_cache *get_packed_ref_cache(struct ref_cache *refs)
 {
-	if (!refs->did_packed) {
-		const char *packed_refs_file;
+	const char *packed_refs_file;
+
+	if (*refs->name)
+		packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
+	else
+		packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
+
+	if (refs->packed &&
+	    !stat_validity_check(&refs->packed->validity, packed_refs_file))
+		clear_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+
+	if (!refs->packed) {
 		FILE *f;
 
-		if (*refs->name)
-			packed_refs_file = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "packed-refs");
-		else
-			packed_refs_file = git_path("packed-refs");
+		refs->packed = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*refs->packed));
+		acquire_packed_ref_cache(refs->packed);
+		refs->packed->root = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
 		f = fopen(packed_refs_file, "r");
 		if (f) {
-			read_packed_refs(f, &refs->packed);
+			stat_validity_update(&refs->packed->validity, fileno(f));
+			read_packed_refs(f, get_ref_dir(refs->packed->root));
 			fclose(f);
 		}
-		refs->did_packed = 1;
 	}
-	return &refs->packed;
+	return refs->packed;
+}
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_packed_ref_dir(struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache)
+{
+	return get_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache->root);
+}
+
+static struct ref_dir *get_packed_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
+{
+	return get_packed_ref_dir(get_packed_ref_cache(refs));
 }
 
 void add_packed_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	add_ref(get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL)),
-			create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1));
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed refs not locked");
+	add_ref(get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache),
+		create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, REF_ISPACKED, 1));
 }
 
-static void get_ref_dir(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
-			struct ref_array *array)
+/*
+ * Read the loose references from the namespace dirname into dir
+ * (without recursing).  dirname must end with '/'.  dir must be the
+ * directory entry corresponding to dirname.
+ */
+static void read_loose_refs(const char *dirname, struct ref_dir *dir)
 {
-	DIR *dir;
+	struct ref_cache *refs = dir->ref_cache;
+	DIR *d;
 	const char *path;
+	struct dirent *de;
+	int dirnamelen = strlen(dirname);
+	struct strbuf refname;
 
 	if (*refs->name)
-		path = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "%s", base);
+		path = git_path_submodule(refs->name, "%s", dirname);
 	else
-		path = git_path("%s", base);
-
-
-	dir = opendir(path);
+		path = git_path("%s", dirname);
 
-	if (dir) {
-		struct dirent *de;
-		int baselen = strlen(base);
-		char *refname = xmalloc(baselen + 257);
+	d = opendir(path);
+	if (!d)
+		return;
 
-		memcpy(refname, base, baselen);
-		if (baselen && base[baselen-1] != '/')
-			refname[baselen++] = '/';
+	strbuf_init(&refname, dirnamelen + 257);
+	strbuf_add(&refname, dirname, dirnamelen);
 
-		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-			unsigned char sha1[20];
-			struct stat st;
-			int flag;
-			int namelen;
-			const char *refdir;
+	while ((de = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		struct stat st;
+		int flag;
+		const char *refdir;
 
-			if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
-				continue;
-			namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
-			if (namelen > 255)
-				continue;
-			if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".lock"))
-				continue;
-			memcpy(refname + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
-			refdir = *refs->name
-				? git_path_submodule(refs->name, "%s", refname)
-				: git_path("%s", refname);
-			if (stat(refdir, &st) < 0)
-				continue;
-			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-				get_ref_dir(refs, refname, array);
-				continue;
-			}
+		if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
+			continue;
+		if (ends_with(de->d_name, ".lock"))
+			continue;
+		strbuf_addstr(&refname, de->d_name);
+		refdir = *refs->name
+			? git_path_submodule(refs->name, "%s", refname.buf)
+			: git_path("%s", refname.buf);
+		if (stat(refdir, &st) < 0) {
+			; /* silently ignore */
+		} else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+			strbuf_addch(&refname, '/');
+			add_entry_to_dir(dir,
+					 create_dir_entry(refs, refname.buf,
+							  refname.len, 1));
+		} else {
 			if (*refs->name) {
 				hashclr(sha1);
 				flag = 0;
-				if (resolve_gitlink_ref(refs->name, refname, sha1) < 0) {
+				if (resolve_gitlink_ref(refs->name, refname.buf, sha1) < 0) {
 					hashclr(sha1);
 					flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
 				}
-			} else if (read_ref_full(refname, sha1, 1, &flag)) {
+			} else if (read_ref_full(refname.buf,
+						 RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						 sha1, &flag)) {
 				hashclr(sha1);
 				flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
 			}
-			add_ref(array, create_ref_entry(refname, sha1, flag, 1));
+			if (check_refname_format(refname.buf,
+						 REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+				hashclr(sha1);
+				flag |= REF_BAD_NAME | REF_ISBROKEN;
+			}
+			add_entry_to_dir(dir,
+					 create_ref_entry(refname.buf, sha1, flag, 0));
 		}
-		free(refname);
-		closedir(dir);
+		strbuf_setlen(&refname, dirnamelen);
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&refname);
+	closedir(d);
 }
 
-struct warn_if_dangling_data {
-	FILE *fp;
-	const char *refname;
-	const char *msg_fmt;
-};
-
-static int warn_if_dangling_symref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
-				   int flags, void *cb_data)
-{
-	struct warn_if_dangling_data *d = cb_data;
-	const char *resolves_to;
-	unsigned char junk[20];
-
-	if (!(flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
-		return 0;
-
-	resolves_to = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, junk, 0, NULL);
-	if (!resolves_to || strcmp(resolves_to, d->refname))
-		return 0;
-
-	fprintf(d->fp, d->msg_fmt, refname);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname)
-{
-	struct warn_if_dangling_data data;
-
-	data.fp = fp;
-	data.refname = refname;
-	data.msg_fmt = msg_fmt;
-	for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
-}
-
-static struct ref_array *get_loose_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
+static struct ref_dir *get_loose_refs(struct ref_cache *refs)
 {
-	if (!refs->did_loose) {
-		get_ref_dir(refs, "refs", &refs->loose);
-		refs->did_loose = 1;
+	if (!refs->loose) {
+		/*
+		 * Mark the top-level directory complete because we
+		 * are about to read the only subdirectory that can
+		 * hold references:
+		 */
+		refs->loose = create_dir_entry(refs, "", 0, 0);
+		/*
+		 * Create an incomplete entry for "refs/":
+		 */
+		add_entry_to_dir(get_ref_dir(refs->loose),
+				 create_dir_entry(refs, "refs/", 5, 1));
 	}
-	return &refs->loose;
+	return get_ref_dir(refs->loose);
 }
 
 /* We allow "recursive" symbolic refs. Only within reason, though */
@@ -430,13 +1366,13 @@ static int resolve_gitlink_packed_ref(struct ref_cache *refs,
 				      const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct ref_entry *ref;
-	struct ref_array *array = get_packed_refs(refs);
+	struct ref_dir *dir = get_packed_refs(refs);
 
-	ref = search_ref_array(array, refname);
+	ref = find_ref(dir, refname);
 	if (ref == NULL)
 		return -1;
 
-	memcpy(sha1, ref->sha1, 20);
+	hashcpy(sha1, ref->u.value.sha1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -498,77 +1434,135 @@ int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *path, const char *refname, unsigned char *sh
 }
 
 /*
- * Try to read ref from the packed references.  On success, set sha1
- * and return 0; otherwise, return -1.
+ * Return the ref_entry for the given refname from the packed
+ * references.  If it does not exist, return NULL.
+ */
+static struct ref_entry *get_packed_ref(const char *refname)
+{
+	return find_ref(get_packed_refs(&ref_cache), refname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A loose ref file doesn't exist; check for a packed ref.  The
+ * options are forwarded from resolve_safe_unsafe().
  */
-static int get_packed_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int resolve_missing_loose_ref(const char *refname,
+				     int resolve_flags,
+				     unsigned char *sha1,
+				     int *flags)
 {
-	struct ref_array *packed = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-	struct ref_entry *entry = search_ref_array(packed, refname);
+	struct ref_entry *entry;
+
+	/*
+	 * The loose reference file does not exist; check for a packed
+	 * reference.
+	 */
+	entry = get_packed_ref(refname);
 	if (entry) {
-		hashcpy(sha1, entry->sha1);
+		hashcpy(sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
+		if (flags)
+			*flags |= REF_ISPACKED;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	/* The reference is not a packed reference, either. */
+	if (resolve_flags & RESOLVE_REF_READING) {
+		errno = ENOENT;
+		return -1;
+	} else {
+		hashclr(sha1);
 		return 0;
 	}
-	return -1;
 }
 
-const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
+/* This function needs to return a meaningful errno on failure */
+const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, int resolve_flags, unsigned char *sha1, int *flags)
 {
 	int depth = MAXDEPTH;
 	ssize_t len;
 	char buffer[256];
 	static char refname_buffer[256];
+	int bad_name = 0;
 
-	if (flag)
-		*flag = 0;
+	if (flags)
+		*flags = 0;
 
-	if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
-		return NULL;
+	if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+		if (flags)
+			*flags |= REF_BAD_NAME;
 
+		if (!(resolve_flags & RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME) ||
+		    !refname_is_safe(refname)) {
+			errno = EINVAL;
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * dwim_ref() uses REF_ISBROKEN to distinguish between
+		 * missing refs and refs that were present but invalid,
+		 * to complain about the latter to stderr.
+		 *
+		 * We don't know whether the ref exists, so don't set
+		 * REF_ISBROKEN yet.
+		 */
+		bad_name = 1;
+	}
 	for (;;) {
 		char path[PATH_MAX];
 		struct stat st;
 		char *buf;
 		int fd;
 
-		if (--depth < 0)
+		if (--depth < 0) {
+			errno = ELOOP;
 			return NULL;
+		}
 
 		git_snpath(path, sizeof(path), "%s", refname);
 
+		/*
+		 * We might have to loop back here to avoid a race
+		 * condition: first we lstat() the file, then we try
+		 * to read it as a link or as a file.  But if somebody
+		 * changes the type of the file (file <-> directory
+		 * <-> symlink) between the lstat() and reading, then
+		 * we don't want to report that as an error but rather
+		 * try again starting with the lstat().
+		 */
+	stat_ref:
 		if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
 			if (errno != ENOENT)
 				return NULL;
-			/*
-			 * The loose reference file does not exist;
-			 * check for a packed reference.
-			 */
-			if (!get_packed_ref(refname, sha1)) {
-				if (flag)
-					*flag |= REF_ISPACKED;
-				return refname;
-			}
-			/* The reference is not a packed reference, either. */
-			if (reading) {
+			if (resolve_missing_loose_ref(refname, resolve_flags,
+						      sha1, flags))
 				return NULL;
-			} else {
+			if (bad_name) {
 				hashclr(sha1);
-				return refname;
+				if (flags)
+					*flags |= REF_ISBROKEN;
 			}
+			return refname;
 		}
 
 		/* Follow "normalized" - ie "refs/.." symlinks by hand */
 		if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
 			len = readlink(path, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
-			if (len < 0)
-				return NULL;
+			if (len < 0) {
+				if (errno == ENOENT || errno == EINVAL)
+					/* inconsistent with lstat; retry */
+					goto stat_ref;
+				else
+					return NULL;
+			}
 			buffer[len] = 0;
-			if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "refs/") &&
+			if (starts_with(buffer, "refs/") &&
 					!check_refname_format(buffer, 0)) {
 				strcpy(refname_buffer, buffer);
 				refname = refname_buffer;
-				if (flag)
-					*flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
+				if (flags)
+					*flags |= REF_ISSYMREF;
+				if (resolve_flags & RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE) {
+					hashclr(sha1);
+					return refname;
+				}
 				continue;
 			}
 		}
@@ -584,12 +1578,21 @@ const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int rea
 		 * a ref
 		 */
 		fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
-		if (fd < 0)
-			return NULL;
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == ENOENT)
+				/* inconsistent with lstat; retry */
+				goto stat_ref;
+			else
+				return NULL;
+		}
 		len = read_in_full(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)-1);
-		close(fd);
-		if (len < 0)
+		if (len < 0) {
+			int save_errno = errno;
+			close(fd);
+			errno = save_errno;
 			return NULL;
+		}
+		close(fd);
 		while (len && isspace(buffer[len-1]))
 			len--;
 		buffer[len] = '\0';
@@ -597,33 +1600,52 @@ const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int rea
 		/*
 		 * Is it a symbolic ref?
 		 */
-		if (prefixcmp(buffer, "ref:"))
-			break;
-		if (flag)
-			*flag |= REF_ISSYMREF;
+		if (!starts_with(buffer, "ref:")) {
+			/*
+			 * Please note that FETCH_HEAD has a second
+			 * line containing other data.
+			 */
+			if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) ||
+			    (buffer[40] != '\0' && !isspace(buffer[40]))) {
+				if (flags)
+					*flags |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+				errno = EINVAL;
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			if (bad_name) {
+				hashclr(sha1);
+				if (flags)
+					*flags |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+			}
+			return refname;
+		}
+		if (flags)
+			*flags |= REF_ISSYMREF;
 		buf = buffer + 4;
 		while (isspace(*buf))
 			buf++;
+		refname = strcpy(refname_buffer, buf);
+		if (resolve_flags & RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE) {
+			hashclr(sha1);
+			return refname;
+		}
 		if (check_refname_format(buf, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
-			if (flag)
-				*flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
-			return NULL;
+			if (flags)
+				*flags |= REF_ISBROKEN;
+
+			if (!(resolve_flags & RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME) ||
+			    !refname_is_safe(buf)) {
+				errno = EINVAL;
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			bad_name = 1;
 		}
-		refname = strcpy(refname_buffer, buf);
-	}
-	/* Please note that FETCH_HEAD has a second line containing other data. */
-	if (get_sha1_hex(buffer, sha1) || (buffer[40] != '\0' && !isspace(buffer[40]))) {
-		if (flag)
-			*flag |= REF_ISBROKEN;
-		return NULL;
 	}
-	return refname;
 }
 
-char *resolve_refdup(const char *ref, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flag)
+char *resolve_refdup(const char *ref, int resolve_flags, unsigned char *sha1, int *flags)
 {
-	const char *ret = resolve_ref_unsafe(ref, sha1, reading, flag);
-	return ret ? xstrdup(ret) : NULL;
+	return xstrdup_or_null(resolve_ref_unsafe(ref, resolve_flags, sha1, flags));
 }
 
 /* The argument to filter_refs */
@@ -633,130 +1655,292 @@ struct ref_filter {
 	void *cb_data;
 };
 
-int read_ref_full(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1, int reading, int *flags)
+int read_ref_full(const char *refname, int resolve_flags, unsigned char *sha1, int *flags)
 {
-	if (resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, sha1, reading, flags))
+	if (resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, resolve_flags, sha1, flags))
 		return 0;
 	return -1;
 }
 
 int read_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	return read_ref_full(refname, sha1, 1, NULL);
+	return read_ref_full(refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, NULL);
 }
 
-#define DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN 01
-static int do_one_ref(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, int trim,
-		      int flags, void *cb_data, struct ref_entry *entry)
+int ref_exists(const char *refname)
 {
-	if (prefixcmp(entry->name, base))
-		return 0;
-
-	if (!(flags & DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN)) {
-		if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
-			return 0; /* ignore broken refs e.g. dangling symref */
-		if (!has_sha1_file(entry->sha1)) {
-			error("%s does not point to a valid object!", entry->name);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	current_ref = entry;
-	return fn(entry->name + trim, entry->sha1, entry->flag, cb_data);
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	return !!resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, NULL);
 }
 
 static int filter_refs(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags,
 		       void *data)
 {
 	struct ref_filter *filter = (struct ref_filter *)data;
-	if (fnmatch(filter->pattern, refname, 0))
+	if (wildmatch(filter->pattern, refname, 0, NULL))
 		return 0;
 	return filter->fn(refname, sha1, flags, filter->cb_data);
 }
 
+enum peel_status {
+	/* object was peeled successfully: */
+	PEEL_PEELED = 0,
+
+	/*
+	 * object cannot be peeled because the named object (or an
+	 * object referred to by a tag in the peel chain), does not
+	 * exist.
+	 */
+	PEEL_INVALID = -1,
+
+	/* object cannot be peeled because it is not a tag: */
+	PEEL_NON_TAG = -2,
+
+	/* ref_entry contains no peeled value because it is a symref: */
+	PEEL_IS_SYMREF = -3,
+
+	/*
+	 * ref_entry cannot be peeled because it is broken (i.e., the
+	 * symbolic reference cannot even be resolved to an object
+	 * name):
+	 */
+	PEEL_BROKEN = -4
+};
+
+/*
+ * Peel the named object; i.e., if the object is a tag, resolve the
+ * tag recursively until a non-tag is found.  If successful, store the
+ * result to sha1 and return PEEL_PEELED.  If the object is not a tag
+ * or is not valid, return PEEL_NON_TAG or PEEL_INVALID, respectively,
+ * and leave sha1 unchanged.
+ */
+static enum peel_status peel_object(const unsigned char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(name);
+
+	if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
+		int type = sha1_object_info(name, NULL);
+		if (type < 0 || !object_as_type(o, type, 0))
+			return PEEL_INVALID;
+	}
+
+	if (o->type != OBJ_TAG)
+		return PEEL_NON_TAG;
+
+	o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
+	if (!o)
+		return PEEL_INVALID;
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
+	return PEEL_PEELED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Peel the entry (if possible) and return its new peel_status.  If
+ * repeel is true, re-peel the entry even if there is an old peeled
+ * value that is already stored in it.
+ *
+ * It is OK to call this function with a packed reference entry that
+ * might be stale and might even refer to an object that has since
+ * been garbage-collected.  In such a case, if the entry has
+ * REF_KNOWS_PEELED then leave the status unchanged and return
+ * PEEL_PEELED or PEEL_NON_TAG; otherwise, return PEEL_INVALID.
+ */
+static enum peel_status peel_entry(struct ref_entry *entry, int repeel)
+{
+	enum peel_status status;
+
+	if (entry->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
+		if (repeel) {
+			entry->flag &= ~REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+			hashclr(entry->u.value.peeled);
+		} else {
+			return is_null_sha1(entry->u.value.peeled) ?
+				PEEL_NON_TAG : PEEL_PEELED;
+		}
+	}
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISBROKEN)
+		return PEEL_BROKEN;
+	if (entry->flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
+		return PEEL_IS_SYMREF;
+
+	status = peel_object(entry->u.value.sha1, entry->u.value.peeled);
+	if (status == PEEL_PEELED || status == PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		entry->flag |= REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+	return status;
+}
+
 int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int flag;
 	unsigned char base[20];
-	struct object *o;
 
 	if (current_ref && (current_ref->name == refname
-		|| !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
-		if (current_ref->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->peeled);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		hashcpy(base, current_ref->sha1);
-		goto fallback;
+			    || !strcmp(current_ref->name, refname))) {
+		if (peel_entry(current_ref, 0))
+			return -1;
+		hashcpy(sha1, current_ref->u.value.peeled);
+		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (read_ref_full(refname, base, 1, &flag))
+	if (read_ref_full(refname, RESOLVE_REF_READING, base, &flag))
 		return -1;
 
-	if ((flag & REF_ISPACKED)) {
-		struct ref_array *array = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-		struct ref_entry *r = search_ref_array(array, refname);
-
-		if (r != NULL && r->flag & REF_KNOWS_PEELED) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, r->peeled);
+	/*
+	 * If the reference is packed, read its ref_entry from the
+	 * cache in the hope that we already know its peeled value.
+	 * We only try this optimization on packed references because
+	 * (a) forcing the filling of the loose reference cache could
+	 * be expensive and (b) loose references anyway usually do not
+	 * have REF_KNOWS_PEELED.
+	 */
+	if (flag & REF_ISPACKED) {
+		struct ref_entry *r = get_packed_ref(refname);
+		if (r) {
+			if (peel_entry(r, 0))
+				return -1;
+			hashcpy(sha1, r->u.value.peeled);
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
 
-fallback:
-	o = parse_object(base);
-	if (o && o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		o = deref_tag(o, refname, 0);
-		if (o) {
-			hashcpy(sha1, o->sha1);
-			return 0;
-		}
-	}
-	return -1;
+	return peel_object(base, sha1);
 }
 
-static int do_for_each_ref(const char *submodule, const char *base, each_ref_fn fn,
-			   int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+struct warn_if_dangling_data {
+	FILE *fp;
+	const char *refname;
+	const struct string_list *refnames;
+	const char *msg_fmt;
+};
+
+static int warn_if_dangling_symref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+				   int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
-	int retval = 0, p = 0, l = 0;
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(submodule);
-	struct ref_array *packed = get_packed_refs(refs);
-	struct ref_array *loose = get_loose_refs(refs);
+	struct warn_if_dangling_data *d = cb_data;
+	const char *resolves_to;
+	unsigned char junk[20];
 
-	sort_ref_array(packed);
-	sort_ref_array(loose);
-	while (p < packed->nr && l < loose->nr) {
-		struct ref_entry *entry;
-		int cmp = strcmp(packed->refs[p]->name, loose->refs[l]->name);
-		if (!cmp) {
-			p++;
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (cmp > 0) {
-			entry = loose->refs[l++];
-		} else {
-			entry = packed->refs[p++];
-		}
-		retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, entry);
-		if (retval)
-			goto end_each;
+	if (!(flags & REF_ISSYMREF))
+		return 0;
+
+	resolves_to = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, 0, junk, NULL);
+	if (!resolves_to
+	    || (d->refname
+		? strcmp(resolves_to, d->refname)
+		: !string_list_has_string(d->refnames, resolves_to))) {
+		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (l < loose->nr) {
-		p = l;
-		packed = loose;
+	fprintf(d->fp, d->msg_fmt, refname);
+	fputc('\n', d->fp);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname)
+{
+	struct warn_if_dangling_data data;
+
+	data.fp = fp;
+	data.refname = refname;
+	data.refnames = NULL;
+	data.msg_fmt = msg_fmt;
+	for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
+}
+
+void warn_dangling_symrefs(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const struct string_list *refnames)
+{
+	struct warn_if_dangling_data data;
+
+	data.fp = fp;
+	data.refname = NULL;
+	data.refnames = refnames;
+	data.msg_fmt = msg_fmt;
+	for_each_rawref(warn_if_dangling_symref, &data);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the specified ref_cache, omitting
+ * references not in the containing_dir of base.  fn is called for all
+ * references, including broken ones.  If fn ever returns a non-zero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value; otherwise, return
+ * 0.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_entry(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
+			     each_ref_entry_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache;
+	struct ref_dir *loose_dir;
+	struct ref_dir *packed_dir;
+	int retval = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * We must make sure that all loose refs are read before accessing the
+	 * packed-refs file; this avoids a race condition in which loose refs
+	 * are migrated to the packed-refs file by a simultaneous process, but
+	 * our in-memory view is from before the migration. get_packed_ref_cache()
+	 * takes care of making sure our view is up to date with what is on
+	 * disk.
+	 */
+	loose_dir = get_loose_refs(refs);
+	if (base && *base) {
+		loose_dir = find_containing_dir(loose_dir, base, 0);
+	}
+	if (loose_dir)
+		prime_ref_dir(loose_dir);
+
+	packed_ref_cache = get_packed_ref_cache(refs);
+	acquire_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	packed_dir = get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache);
+	if (base && *base) {
+		packed_dir = find_containing_dir(packed_dir, base, 0);
 	}
 
-	for (; p < packed->nr; p++) {
-		retval = do_one_ref(base, fn, trim, flags, cb_data, packed->refs[p]);
-		if (retval)
-			goto end_each;
+	if (packed_dir && loose_dir) {
+		sort_ref_dir(packed_dir);
+		sort_ref_dir(loose_dir);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dirs(
+				packed_dir, loose_dir, fn, cb_data);
+	} else if (packed_dir) {
+		sort_ref_dir(packed_dir);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+				packed_dir, 0, fn, cb_data);
+	} else if (loose_dir) {
+		sort_ref_dir(loose_dir);
+		retval = do_for_each_entry_in_dir(
+				loose_dir, 0, fn, cb_data);
 	}
 
-end_each:
-	current_ref = NULL;
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
 	return retval;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reference in the specified ref_cache for which the
+ * refname begins with base.  If trim is non-zero, then trim that many
+ * characters off the beginning of each refname before passing the
+ * refname to fn.  flags can be DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN to include
+ * broken references in the iteration.  If fn ever returns a non-zero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value; otherwise, return
+ * 0.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_ref(struct ref_cache *refs, const char *base,
+			   each_ref_fn fn, int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct ref_entry_cb data;
+	data.base = base;
+	data.trim = trim;
+	data.flags = flags;
+	data.fn = fn;
+	data.cb_data = cb_data;
+
+	if (ref_paranoia < 0)
+		ref_paranoia = git_env_bool("GIT_REF_PARANOIA", 0);
+	if (ref_paranoia)
+		data.flags |= DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN;
+
+	return do_for_each_entry(refs, base, do_one_ref, &data);
+}
 
 static int do_head_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
@@ -770,7 +1954,7 @@ static int do_head_ref(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!read_ref_full("HEAD", sha1, 1, &flag))
+	if (!read_ref_full("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, &flag))
 		return fn("HEAD", sha1, flag, cb_data);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -788,23 +1972,23 @@ int head_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 
 int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(get_ref_cache(submodule), "", fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_in(const char *prefix, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_ref_in_submodule(const char *submodule, const char *prefix,
 		each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(submodule, prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(get_ref_cache(submodule), prefix, fn, strlen(prefix), 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int for_each_tag_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@ -839,7 +2023,7 @@ int for_each_remote_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *c
 
 int for_each_replace_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "refs/replace/", fn, 13, 0, cb_data);
 }
 
 int head_ref_namespaced(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@ -850,7 +2034,7 @@ int head_ref_namespaced(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 	int flag;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%sHEAD", get_git_namespace());
-	if (!read_ref_full(buf.buf, sha1, 1, &flag))
+	if (!read_ref_full(buf.buf, RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, &flag))
 		ret = fn(buf.buf, sha1, flag, cb_data);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
@@ -862,7 +2046,7 @@ int for_each_namespaced_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int ret;
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%srefs/", get_git_namespace());
-	ret = do_for_each_ref(NULL, buf.buf, fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
+	ret = do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, buf.buf, fn, 0, 0, cb_data);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -874,7 +2058,7 @@ int for_each_glob_ref_in(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern,
 	struct ref_filter filter;
 	int ret;
 
-	if (!prefix && prefixcmp(pattern, "refs/"))
+	if (!prefix && !starts_with(pattern, "refs/"))
 		strbuf_addstr(&real_pattern, "refs/");
 	else if (prefix)
 		strbuf_addstr(&real_pattern, prefix);
@@ -904,115 +2088,20 @@ int for_each_glob_ref(each_ref_fn fn, const char *pattern, void *cb_data)
 
 int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_ref(NULL, "", fn, 0,
+	return do_for_each_ref(&ref_cache, "", fn, 0,
 			       DO_FOR_EACH_INCLUDE_BROKEN, cb_data);
 }
 
-/*
- * Make sure "ref" is something reasonable to have under ".git/refs/";
- * We do not like it if:
- *
- * - any path component of it begins with ".", or
- * - it has double dots "..", or
- * - it has ASCII control character, "~", "^", ":" or SP, anywhere, or
- * - it ends with a "/".
- * - it ends with ".lock"
- * - it contains a "\" (backslash)
- */
-
-/* Return true iff ch is not allowed in reference names. */
-static inline int bad_ref_char(int ch)
-{
-	if (((unsigned) ch) <= ' ' || ch == 0x7f ||
-	    ch == '~' || ch == '^' || ch == ':' || ch == '\\')
-		return 1;
-	/* 2.13 Pattern Matching Notation */
-	if (ch == '*' || ch == '?' || ch == '[') /* Unsupported */
-		return 1;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Try to read one refname component from the front of refname.  Return
- * the length of the component found, or -1 if the component is not
- * legal.
- */
-static int check_refname_component(const char *refname, int flags)
-{
-	const char *cp;
-	char last = '\0';
-
-	for (cp = refname; ; cp++) {
-		char ch = *cp;
-		if (ch == '\0' || ch == '/')
-			break;
-		if (bad_ref_char(ch))
-			return -1; /* Illegal character in refname. */
-		if (last == '.' && ch == '.')
-			return -1; /* Refname contains "..". */
-		if (last == '@' && ch == '{')
-			return -1; /* Refname contains "@{". */
-		last = ch;
-	}
-	if (cp == refname)
-		return -1; /* Component has zero length. */
-	if (refname[0] == '.') {
-		if (!(flags & REFNAME_DOT_COMPONENT))
-			return -1; /* Component starts with '.'. */
-		/*
-		 * Even if leading dots are allowed, don't allow "."
-		 * as a component (".." is prevented by a rule above).
-		 */
-		if (refname[1] == '\0')
-			return -1; /* Component equals ".". */
-	}
-	if (cp - refname >= 5 && !memcmp(cp - 5, ".lock", 5))
-		return -1; /* Refname ends with ".lock". */
-	return cp - refname;
-}
-
-int check_refname_format(const char *refname, int flags)
-{
-	int component_len, component_count = 0;
-
-	while (1) {
-		/* We are at the start of a path component. */
-		component_len = check_refname_component(refname, flags);
-		if (component_len < 0) {
-			if ((flags & REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN) &&
-					refname[0] == '*' &&
-					(refname[1] == '\0' || refname[1] == '/')) {
-				/* Accept one wildcard as a full refname component. */
-				flags &= ~REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN;
-				component_len = 1;
-			} else {
-				return -1;
-			}
-		}
-		component_count++;
-		if (refname[component_len] == '\0')
-			break;
-		/* Skip to next component. */
-		refname += component_len + 1;
-	}
-
-	if (refname[component_len - 1] == '.')
-		return -1; /* Refname ends with '.'. */
-	if (!(flags & REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL) && component_count < 2)
-		return -1; /* Refname has only one component. */
-	return 0;
-}
-
 const char *prettify_refname(const char *name)
 {
 	return name + (
-		!prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/") ? 11 :
-		!prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/") ? 10 :
-		!prefixcmp(name, "refs/remotes/") ? 13 :
+		starts_with(name, "refs/heads/") ? 11 :
+		starts_with(name, "refs/tags/") ? 10 :
+		starts_with(name, "refs/remotes/") ? 13 :
 		0);
 }
 
-const char *ref_rev_parse_rules[] = {
+static const char *ref_rev_parse_rules[] = {
 	"%.*s",
 	"refs/%.*s",
 	"refs/tags/%.*s",
@@ -1022,12 +2111,12 @@ const char *ref_rev_parse_rules[] = {
 	NULL
 };
 
-int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name, const char **rules)
+int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name)
 {
 	const char **p;
 	const int abbrev_name_len = strlen(abbrev_name);
 
-	for (p = rules; *p; p++) {
+	for (p = ref_rev_parse_rules; *p; p++) {
 		if (!strcmp(full_name, mkpath(*p, abbrev_name_len, abbrev_name))) {
 			return 1;
 		}
@@ -1036,18 +2125,34 @@ int refname_match(const char *abbrev_name, const char *full_name, const char **r
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
+{
+	/* Do not free lock->lk -- atexit() still looks at them */
+	if (lock->lk)
+		rollback_lock_file(lock->lk);
+	free(lock->ref_name);
+	free(lock->orig_ref_name);
+	free(lock);
+}
+
+/* This function should make sure errno is meaningful on error */
 static struct ref_lock *verify_lock(struct ref_lock *lock,
 	const unsigned char *old_sha1, int mustexist)
 {
-	if (read_ref_full(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, NULL)) {
+	if (read_ref_full(lock->ref_name,
+			  mustexist ? RESOLVE_REF_READING : 0,
+			  lock->old_sha1, NULL)) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
 		error("Can't verify ref %s", lock->ref_name);
 		unlock_ref(lock);
+		errno = save_errno;
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	if (hashcmp(lock->old_sha1, old_sha1)) {
 		error("Ref %s is at %s but expected %s", lock->ref_name,
 			sha1_to_hex(lock->old_sha1), sha1_to_hex(old_sha1));
 		unlock_ref(lock);
+		errno = EBUSY;
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	return lock;
@@ -1060,48 +2165,21 @@ static int remove_empty_directories(const char *file)
 	 * only empty directories), remove them.
 	 */
 	struct strbuf path;
-	int result;
+	int result, save_errno;
 
 	strbuf_init(&path, 20);
 	strbuf_addstr(&path, file);
 
 	result = remove_dir_recursively(&path, REMOVE_DIR_EMPTY_ONLY);
+	save_errno = errno;
 
 	strbuf_release(&path);
+	errno = save_errno;
 
 	return result;
 }
 
 /*
- * Return true iff a reference named refname could be created without
- * conflicting with the name of an existing reference.  If oldrefname
- * is non-NULL, ignore potential conflicts with oldrefname (e.g.,
- * because oldrefname is scheduled for deletion in the same
- * operation).
- */
-static int is_refname_available(const char *refname, const char *oldrefname,
-				struct ref_array *array)
-{
-	int i, namlen = strlen(refname); /* e.g. 'foo/bar' */
-	for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++ ) {
-		struct ref_entry *entry = array->refs[i];
-		/* entry->name could be 'foo' or 'foo/bar/baz' */
-		if (!oldrefname || strcmp(oldrefname, entry->name)) {
-			int len = strlen(entry->name);
-			int cmplen = (namlen < len) ? namlen : len;
-			const char *lead = (namlen < len) ? entry->name : refname;
-			if (!strncmp(refname, entry->name, cmplen) &&
-			    lead[cmplen] == '/') {
-				error("'%s' exists; cannot create '%s'",
-				      entry->name, refname);
-				return 0;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return 1;
-}
-
-/*
  * *string and *len will only be substituted, and *string returned (for
  * later free()ing) if the string passed in is a magic short-hand form
  * to name a branch.
@@ -1109,7 +2187,7 @@ static int is_refname_available(const char *refname, const char *oldrefname,
 static char *substitute_branch_name(const char **string, int *len)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret = interpret_branch_name(*string, &buf);
+	int ret = interpret_branch_name(*string, *len, &buf);
 
 	if (ret == *len) {
 		size_t size;
@@ -1136,7 +2214,8 @@ int dwim_ref(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **ref)
 
 		this_result = refs_found ? sha1_from_ref : sha1;
 		mksnpath(fullref, sizeof(fullref), *p, len, str);
-		r = resolve_ref_unsafe(fullref, this_result, 1, &flag);
+		r = resolve_ref_unsafe(fullref, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+				       this_result, &flag);
 		if (r) {
 			if (!refs_found++)
 				*ref = xstrdup(r);
@@ -1160,21 +2239,18 @@ int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **log)
 
 	*log = NULL;
 	for (p = ref_rev_parse_rules; *p; p++) {
-		struct stat st;
 		unsigned char hash[20];
 		char path[PATH_MAX];
 		const char *ref, *it;
 
 		mksnpath(path, sizeof(path), *p, len, str);
-		ref = resolve_ref_unsafe(path, hash, 1, NULL);
+		ref = resolve_ref_unsafe(path, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					 hash, NULL);
 		if (!ref)
 			continue;
-		if (!stat(git_path("logs/%s", path), &st) &&
-		    S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		if (reflog_exists(path))
 			it = path;
-		else if (strcmp(ref, path) &&
-			 !stat(git_path("logs/%s", ref), &st) &&
-			 S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+		else if (strcmp(ref, path) && reflog_exists(ref))
 			it = ref;
 		else
 			continue;
@@ -1189,9 +2265,14 @@ int dwim_log(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1, char **log)
 	return logs_found;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Locks a ref returning the lock on success and NULL on failure.
+ * On failure errno is set to something meaningful.
+ */
 static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *refname,
 					    const unsigned char *old_sha1,
-					    int flags, int *type_p)
+					    const struct string_list *skip,
+					    unsigned int flags, int *type_p)
 {
 	char *ref_file;
 	const char *orig_refname = refname;
@@ -1199,12 +2280,22 @@ static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *refname,
 	int last_errno = 0;
 	int type, lflags;
 	int mustexist = (old_sha1 && !is_null_sha1(old_sha1));
-	int missing = 0;
+	int resolve_flags = 0;
+	int attempts_remaining = 3;
 
 	lock = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_lock));
 	lock->lock_fd = -1;
 
-	refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, &type);
+	if (mustexist)
+		resolve_flags |= RESOLVE_REF_READING;
+	if (flags & REF_DELETING) {
+		resolve_flags |= RESOLVE_REF_ALLOW_BAD_NAME;
+		if (flags & REF_NODEREF)
+			resolve_flags |= RESOLVE_REF_NO_RECURSE;
+	}
+
+	refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, resolve_flags,
+				     lock->old_sha1, &type);
 	if (!refname && errno == EISDIR) {
 		/* we are trying to lock foo but we used to
 		 * have foo/bar which now does not exist;
@@ -1217,7 +2308,8 @@ static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *refname,
 			error("there are still refs under '%s'", orig_refname);
 			goto error_return;
 		}
-		refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(orig_refname, lock->old_sha1, mustexist, &type);
+		refname = resolve_ref_unsafe(orig_refname, resolve_flags,
+					     lock->old_sha1, &type);
 	}
 	if (type_p)
 	    *type_p = type;
@@ -1227,40 +2319,61 @@ static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *refname,
 			orig_refname, strerror(errno));
 		goto error_return;
 	}
-	missing = is_null_sha1(lock->old_sha1);
-	/* When the ref did not exist and we are creating it,
-	 * make sure there is no existing ref that is packed
-	 * whose name begins with our refname, nor a ref whose
-	 * name is a proper prefix of our refname.
+	/*
+	 * If the ref did not exist and we are creating it, make sure
+	 * there is no existing packed ref whose name begins with our
+	 * refname, nor a packed ref whose name is a proper prefix of
+	 * our refname.
 	 */
-	if (missing &&
-	     !is_refname_available(refname, NULL, get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL)))) {
+	if (is_null_sha1(lock->old_sha1) &&
+	     !is_refname_available(refname, skip, get_packed_refs(&ref_cache))) {
 		last_errno = ENOTDIR;
 		goto error_return;
 	}
 
 	lock->lk = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct lock_file));
 
-	lflags = LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR;
+	lflags = 0;
 	if (flags & REF_NODEREF) {
 		refname = orig_refname;
-		lflags |= LOCK_NODEREF;
+		lflags |= LOCK_NO_DEREF;
 	}
 	lock->ref_name = xstrdup(refname);
 	lock->orig_ref_name = xstrdup(orig_refname);
 	ref_file = git_path("%s", refname);
-	if (missing)
-		lock->force_write = 1;
-	if ((flags & REF_NODEREF) && (type & REF_ISSYMREF))
-		lock->force_write = 1;
 
-	if (safe_create_leading_directories(ref_file)) {
+ retry:
+	switch (safe_create_leading_directories(ref_file)) {
+	case SCLD_OK:
+		break; /* success */
+	case SCLD_VANISHED:
+		if (--attempts_remaining > 0)
+			goto retry;
+		/* fall through */
+	default:
 		last_errno = errno;
 		error("unable to create directory for %s", ref_file);
 		goto error_return;
 	}
 
 	lock->lock_fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(lock->lk, ref_file, lflags);
+	if (lock->lock_fd < 0) {
+		last_errno = errno;
+		if (errno == ENOENT && --attempts_remaining > 0)
+			/*
+			 * Maybe somebody just deleted one of the
+			 * directories leading to ref_file.  Try
+			 * again:
+			 */
+			goto retry;
+		else {
+			struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+			unable_to_lock_message(ref_file, errno, &err);
+			error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&err);
+			goto error_return;
+		}
+	}
 	return old_sha1 ? verify_lock(lock, old_sha1, mustexist) : lock;
 
  error_return:
@@ -1269,94 +2382,331 @@ static struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1_basic(const char *refname,
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
+/*
+ * Write an entry to the packed-refs file for the specified refname.
+ * If peeled is non-NULL, write it as the entry's peeled value.
+ */
+static void write_packed_entry(FILE *fh, char *refname, unsigned char *sha1,
+			       unsigned char *peeled)
 {
-	char refpath[PATH_MAX];
-	if (check_refname_format(refname, 0))
-		return NULL;
-	strcpy(refpath, mkpath("refs/%s", refname));
-	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refpath, old_sha1, 0, NULL);
+	fprintf_or_die(fh, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname);
+	if (peeled)
+		fprintf_or_die(fh, "^%s\n", sha1_to_hex(peeled));
 }
 
-struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *refname,
-					 const unsigned char *old_sha1, int flags)
+/*
+ * An each_ref_entry_fn that writes the entry to a packed-refs file.
+ */
+static int write_packed_entry_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
 {
-	if (check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL))
-		return NULL;
-	return lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, old_sha1, flags, NULL);
+	enum peel_status peel_status = peel_entry(entry, 0);
+
+	if (peel_status != PEEL_PEELED && peel_status != PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		error("internal error: %s is not a valid packed reference!",
+		      entry->name);
+	write_packed_entry(cb_data, entry->name, entry->u.value.sha1,
+			   peel_status == PEEL_PEELED ?
+			   entry->u.value.peeled : NULL);
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct lock_file packlock;
+/* This should return a meaningful errno on failure */
+int lock_packed_refs(int flags)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache;
+
+	if (hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), flags) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	/*
+	 * Get the current packed-refs while holding the lock.  If the
+	 * packed-refs file has been modified since we last read it,
+	 * this will automatically invalidate the cache and re-read
+	 * the packed-refs file.
+	 */
+	packed_ref_cache = get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = &packlock;
+	/* Increment the reference count to prevent it from being freed: */
+	acquire_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	return 0;
+}
 
-static int repack_without_ref(const char *refname)
+/*
+ * Commit the packed refs changes.
+ * On error we must make sure that errno contains a meaningful value.
+ */
+int commit_packed_refs(void)
 {
-	struct ref_array *packed;
-	int fd, i;
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+	int error = 0;
+	int save_errno = 0;
+	FILE *out;
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed-refs not locked");
+
+	out = fdopen_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock, "w");
+	if (!out)
+		die_errno("unable to fdopen packed-refs descriptor");
+
+	fprintf_or_die(out, "%s", PACKED_REFS_HEADER);
+	do_for_each_entry_in_dir(get_packed_ref_dir(packed_ref_cache),
+				 0, write_packed_entry_fn, out);
+
+	if (commit_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock)) {
+		save_errno = errno;
+		error = -1;
+	}
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = NULL;
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	errno = save_errno;
+	return error;
+}
 
-	packed = get_packed_refs(get_ref_cache(NULL));
-	if (search_ref_array(packed, refname) == NULL)
+void rollback_packed_refs(void)
+{
+	struct packed_ref_cache *packed_ref_cache =
+		get_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+	if (!packed_ref_cache->lock)
+		die("internal error: packed-refs not locked");
+	rollback_lock_file(packed_ref_cache->lock);
+	packed_ref_cache->lock = NULL;
+	release_packed_ref_cache(packed_ref_cache);
+	clear_packed_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+}
+
+struct ref_to_prune {
+	struct ref_to_prune *next;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+struct pack_refs_cb_data {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	struct ref_dir *packed_refs;
+	struct ref_to_prune *ref_to_prune;
+};
+
+/*
+ * An each_ref_entry_fn that is run over loose references only.  If
+ * the loose reference can be packed, add an entry in the packed ref
+ * cache.  If the reference should be pruned, also add it to
+ * ref_to_prune in the pack_refs_cb_data.
+ */
+static int pack_if_possible_fn(struct ref_entry *entry, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data *cb = cb_data;
+	enum peel_status peel_status;
+	struct ref_entry *packed_entry;
+	int is_tag_ref = starts_with(entry->name, "refs/tags/");
+
+	/* ALWAYS pack tags */
+	if (!(cb->flags & PACK_REFS_ALL) && !is_tag_ref)
 		return 0;
-	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&packlock, git_path("packed-refs"), 0);
-	if (fd < 0) {
-		unable_to_lock_error(git_path("packed-refs"), errno);
-		return error("cannot delete '%s' from packed refs", refname);
+
+	/* Do not pack symbolic or broken refs: */
+	if ((entry->flag & REF_ISSYMREF) || !ref_resolves_to_object(entry))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Add a packed ref cache entry equivalent to the loose entry. */
+	peel_status = peel_entry(entry, 1);
+	if (peel_status != PEEL_PEELED && peel_status != PEEL_NON_TAG)
+		die("internal error peeling reference %s (%s)",
+		    entry->name, sha1_to_hex(entry->u.value.sha1));
+	packed_entry = find_ref(cb->packed_refs, entry->name);
+	if (packed_entry) {
+		/* Overwrite existing packed entry with info from loose entry */
+		packed_entry->flag = REF_ISPACKED | REF_KNOWS_PEELED;
+		hashcpy(packed_entry->u.value.sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
+	} else {
+		packed_entry = create_ref_entry(entry->name, entry->u.value.sha1,
+						REF_ISPACKED | REF_KNOWS_PEELED, 0);
+		add_ref(cb->packed_refs, packed_entry);
+	}
+	hashcpy(packed_entry->u.value.peeled, entry->u.value.peeled);
+
+	/* Schedule the loose reference for pruning if requested. */
+	if ((cb->flags & PACK_REFS_PRUNE)) {
+		int namelen = strlen(entry->name) + 1;
+		struct ref_to_prune *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*n) + namelen);
+		hashcpy(n->sha1, entry->u.value.sha1);
+		strcpy(n->name, entry->name);
+		n->next = cb->ref_to_prune;
+		cb->ref_to_prune = n;
 	}
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < packed->nr; i++) {
-		char line[PATH_MAX + 100];
-		int len;
-		struct ref_entry *ref = packed->refs[i];
+/*
+ * Remove empty parents, but spare refs/ and immediate subdirs.
+ * Note: munges *name.
+ */
+static void try_remove_empty_parents(char *name)
+{
+	char *p, *q;
+	int i;
+	p = name;
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) { /* refs/{heads,tags,...}/ */
+		while (*p && *p != '/')
+			p++;
+		/* tolerate duplicate slashes; see check_refname_format() */
+		while (*p == '/')
+			p++;
+	}
+	for (q = p; *q; q++)
+		;
+	while (1) {
+		while (q > p && *q != '/')
+			q--;
+		while (q > p && *(q-1) == '/')
+			q--;
+		if (q == p)
+			break;
+		*q = '\0';
+		if (rmdir(git_path("%s", name)))
+			break;
+	}
+}
 
-		if (!strcmp(refname, ref->name))
-			continue;
-		len = snprintf(line, sizeof(line), "%s %s\n",
-			       sha1_to_hex(ref->sha1), ref->name);
-		/* this should not happen but just being defensive */
-		if (len > sizeof(line))
-			die("too long a refname '%s'", ref->name);
-		write_or_die(fd, line, len);
+/* make sure nobody touched the ref, and unlink */
+static void prune_ref(struct ref_to_prune *r)
+{
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (check_refname_format(r->name, 0))
+		return;
+
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_delete(transaction, r->name, r->sha1,
+				   REF_ISPRUNING, NULL, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return;
 	}
-	return commit_lock_file(&packlock);
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	try_remove_empty_parents(r->name);
 }
 
-int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt)
+static void prune_refs(struct ref_to_prune *r)
 {
-	struct ref_lock *lock;
-	int err, i = 0, ret = 0, flag = 0;
+	while (r) {
+		prune_ref(r);
+		r = r->next;
+	}
+}
 
-	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, 0, &flag);
-	if (!lock)
-		return 1;
-	if (!(flag & REF_ISPACKED) || flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
-		/* loose */
-		const char *path;
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct pack_refs_cb_data cbdata;
 
-		if (!(delopt & REF_NODEREF)) {
-			i = strlen(lock->lk->filename) - 5; /* .lock */
-			lock->lk->filename[i] = 0;
-			path = lock->lk->filename;
-		} else {
-			path = git_path("%s", refname);
+	memset(&cbdata, 0, sizeof(cbdata));
+	cbdata.flags = flags;
+
+	lock_packed_refs(LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	cbdata.packed_refs = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
+
+	do_for_each_entry_in_dir(get_loose_refs(&ref_cache), 0,
+				 pack_if_possible_fn, &cbdata);
+
+	if (commit_packed_refs())
+		die_errno("unable to overwrite old ref-pack file");
+
+	prune_refs(cbdata.ref_to_prune);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int repack_without_refs(struct string_list *refnames, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	struct ref_dir *packed;
+	struct string_list_item *refname;
+	int ret, needs_repacking = 0, removed = 0;
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	/* Look for a packed ref */
+	for_each_string_list_item(refname, refnames) {
+		if (get_packed_ref(refname->string)) {
+			needs_repacking = 1;
+			break;
 		}
-		err = unlink_or_warn(path);
-		if (err && errno != ENOENT)
-			ret = 1;
+	}
+
+	/* Avoid locking if we have nothing to do */
+	if (!needs_repacking)
+		return 0; /* no refname exists in packed refs */
 
-		if (!(delopt & REF_NODEREF))
-			lock->lk->filename[i] = '.';
+	if (lock_packed_refs(0)) {
+		unable_to_lock_message(git_path("packed-refs"), errno, err);
+		return -1;
 	}
-	/* removing the loose one could have resurrected an earlier
-	 * packed one.  Also, if it was not loose we need to repack
-	 * without it.
-	 */
-	ret |= repack_without_ref(refname);
+	packed = get_packed_refs(&ref_cache);
 
-	unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", lock->ref_name));
-	invalidate_ref_cache(NULL);
-	unlock_ref(lock);
+	/* Remove refnames from the cache */
+	for_each_string_list_item(refname, refnames)
+		if (remove_entry(packed, refname->string) != -1)
+			removed = 1;
+	if (!removed) {
+		/*
+		 * All packed entries disappeared while we were
+		 * acquiring the lock.
+		 */
+		rollback_packed_refs();
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Write what remains */
+	ret = commit_packed_refs();
+	if (ret)
+		strbuf_addf(err, "unable to overwrite old ref-pack file: %s",
+			    strerror(errno));
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int delete_ref_loose(struct ref_lock *lock, int flag, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	assert(err);
+
+	if (!(flag & REF_ISPACKED) || flag & REF_ISSYMREF) {
+		/*
+		 * loose.  The loose file name is the same as the
+		 * lockfile name, minus ".lock":
+		 */
+		char *loose_filename = get_locked_file_path(lock->lk);
+		int res = unlink_or_msg(loose_filename, err);
+		free(loose_filename);
+		if (res)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_delete(transaction, refname,
+				   (sha1 && !is_null_sha1(sha1)) ? sha1 : NULL,
+				   flags, NULL, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * People using contrib's git-new-workdir have .git/logs/refs ->
  * /some/other/path/.git/logs/refs, and that may live on another device.
@@ -1366,6 +2716,66 @@ int delete_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int delopt)
  */
 #define TMP_RENAMED_LOG  "logs/refs/.tmp-renamed-log"
 
+static int rename_tmp_log(const char *newrefname)
+{
+	int attempts_remaining = 4;
+
+ retry:
+	switch (safe_create_leading_directories(git_path("logs/%s", newrefname))) {
+	case SCLD_OK:
+		break; /* success */
+	case SCLD_VANISHED:
+		if (--attempts_remaining > 0)
+			goto retry;
+		/* fall through */
+	default:
+		error("unable to create directory for %s", newrefname);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (rename(git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG), git_path("logs/%s", newrefname))) {
+		if ((errno==EISDIR || errno==ENOTDIR) && --attempts_remaining > 0) {
+			/*
+			 * rename(a, b) when b is an existing
+			 * directory ought to result in ISDIR, but
+			 * Solaris 5.8 gives ENOTDIR.  Sheesh.
+			 */
+			if (remove_empty_directories(git_path("logs/%s", newrefname))) {
+				error("Directory not empty: logs/%s", newrefname);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			goto retry;
+		} else if (errno == ENOENT && --attempts_remaining > 0) {
+			/*
+			 * Maybe another process just deleted one of
+			 * the directories in the path to newrefname.
+			 * Try again from the beginning.
+			 */
+			goto retry;
+		} else {
+			error("unable to move logfile "TMP_RENAMED_LOG" to logs/%s: %s",
+				newrefname, strerror(errno));
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int rename_ref_available(const char *oldname, const char *newname)
+{
+	struct string_list skip = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	int ret;
+
+	string_list_insert(&skip, oldname);
+	ret = is_refname_available(newname, &skip, get_packed_refs(&ref_cache))
+	    && is_refname_available(newname, &skip, get_loose_refs(&ref_cache));
+	string_list_clear(&skip, 0);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			  const char *logmsg);
+
 int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logmsg)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20], orig_sha1[20];
@@ -1374,22 +2784,19 @@ int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logms
 	struct stat loginfo;
 	int log = !lstat(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), &loginfo);
 	const char *symref = NULL;
-	struct ref_cache *refs = get_ref_cache(NULL);
 
 	if (log && S_ISLNK(loginfo.st_mode))
 		return error("reflog for %s is a symlink", oldrefname);
 
-	symref = resolve_ref_unsafe(oldrefname, orig_sha1, 1, &flag);
+	symref = resolve_ref_unsafe(oldrefname, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+				    orig_sha1, &flag);
 	if (flag & REF_ISSYMREF)
 		return error("refname %s is a symbolic ref, renaming it is not supported",
 			oldrefname);
 	if (!symref)
 		return error("refname %s not found", oldrefname);
 
-	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_packed_refs(refs)))
-		return 1;
-
-	if (!is_refname_available(newrefname, oldrefname, get_loose_refs(refs)))
+	if (!rename_ref_available(oldrefname, newrefname))
 		return 1;
 
 	if (log && rename(git_path("logs/%s", oldrefname), git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG)))
@@ -1401,7 +2808,7 @@ int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logms
 		goto rollback;
 	}
 
-	if (!read_ref_full(newrefname, sha1, 1, &flag) &&
+	if (!read_ref_full(newrefname, RESOLVE_REF_READING, sha1, NULL) &&
 	    delete_ref(newrefname, sha1, REF_NODEREF)) {
 		if (errno==EISDIR) {
 			if (remove_empty_directories(git_path("%s", newrefname))) {
@@ -1414,38 +2821,16 @@ int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logms
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (log && safe_create_leading_directories(git_path("logs/%s", newrefname))) {
-		error("unable to create directory for %s", newrefname);
+	if (log && rename_tmp_log(newrefname))
 		goto rollback;
-	}
 
- retry:
-	if (log && rename(git_path(TMP_RENAMED_LOG), git_path("logs/%s", newrefname))) {
-		if (errno==EISDIR || errno==ENOTDIR) {
-			/*
-			 * rename(a, b) when b is an existing
-			 * directory ought to result in ISDIR, but
-			 * Solaris 5.8 gives ENOTDIR.  Sheesh.
-			 */
-			if (remove_empty_directories(git_path("logs/%s", newrefname))) {
-				error("Directory not empty: logs/%s", newrefname);
-				goto rollback;
-			}
-			goto retry;
-		} else {
-			error("unable to move logfile "TMP_RENAMED_LOG" to logs/%s: %s",
-				newrefname, strerror(errno));
-			goto rollback;
-		}
-	}
 	logmoved = log;
 
-	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(newrefname, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(newrefname, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
 	if (!lock) {
 		error("unable to lock %s for update", newrefname);
 		goto rollback;
 	}
-	lock->force_write = 1;
 	hashcpy(lock->old_sha1, orig_sha1);
 	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, orig_sha1, logmsg)) {
 		error("unable to write current sha1 into %s", newrefname);
@@ -1455,13 +2840,12 @@ int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logms
 	return 0;
 
  rollback:
-	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(oldrefname, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(oldrefname, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
 	if (!lock) {
 		error("unable to lock %s for rollback", oldrefname);
 		goto rollbacklog;
 	}
 
-	lock->force_write = 1;
 	flag = log_all_ref_updates;
 	log_all_ref_updates = 0;
 	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, orig_sha1, NULL))
@@ -1480,7 +2864,7 @@ int rename_ref(const char *oldrefname, const char *newrefname, const char *logms
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
+static int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
 {
 	if (close_lock_file(lock->lk))
 		return -1;
@@ -1488,7 +2872,7 @@ int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int commit_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
+static int commit_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
 {
 	if (commit_lock_file(lock->lk))
 		return -1;
@@ -1496,16 +2880,6 @@ int commit_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock)
-{
-	/* Do not free lock->lk -- atexit() still looks at them */
-	if (lock->lk)
-		rollback_lock_file(lock->lk);
-	free(lock->ref_name);
-	free(lock->orig_ref_name);
-	free(lock);
-}
-
 /*
  * copy the reflog message msg to buf, which has been allocated sufficiently
  * large, while cleaning up the whitespaces.  Especially, convert LF to space,
@@ -1532,38 +2906,49 @@ static int copy_msg(char *buf, const char *msg)
 	return cp - buf;
 }
 
+/* This function must set a meaningful errno on failure */
 int log_ref_setup(const char *refname, char *logfile, int bufsize)
 {
 	int logfd, oflags = O_APPEND | O_WRONLY;
 
 	git_snpath(logfile, bufsize, "logs/%s", refname);
 	if (log_all_ref_updates &&
-	    (!prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/") ||
-	     !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/remotes/") ||
-	     !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/notes/") ||
+	    (starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/") ||
+	     starts_with(refname, "refs/remotes/") ||
+	     starts_with(refname, "refs/notes/") ||
 	     !strcmp(refname, "HEAD"))) {
-		if (safe_create_leading_directories(logfile) < 0)
-			return error("unable to create directory for %s",
-				     logfile);
+		if (safe_create_leading_directories(logfile) < 0) {
+			int save_errno = errno;
+			error("unable to create directory for %s", logfile);
+			errno = save_errno;
+			return -1;
+		}
 		oflags |= O_CREAT;
 	}
 
 	logfd = open(logfile, oflags, 0666);
 	if (logfd < 0) {
-		if (!(oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == ENOENT)
+		if (!(oflags & O_CREAT) && (errno == ENOENT || errno == EISDIR))
 			return 0;
 
-		if ((oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EISDIR) {
+		if (errno == EISDIR) {
 			if (remove_empty_directories(logfile)) {
-				return error("There are still logs under '%s'",
-					     logfile);
+				int save_errno = errno;
+				error("There are still logs under '%s'",
+				      logfile);
+				errno = save_errno;
+				return -1;
 			}
 			logfd = open(logfile, oflags, 0666);
 		}
 
-		if (logfd < 0)
-			return error("Unable to append to %s: %s",
-				     logfile, strerror(errno));
+		if (logfd < 0) {
+			int save_errno = errno;
+			error("Unable to append to %s: %s", logfile,
+			      strerror(errno));
+			errno = save_errno;
+			return -1;
+		}
 	}
 
 	adjust_shared_perm(logfile);
@@ -1571,15 +2956,37 @@ int log_ref_setup(const char *refname, char *logfile, int bufsize)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int log_ref_write_fd(int fd, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			    const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			    const char *committer, const char *msg)
+{
+	int msglen, written;
+	unsigned maxlen, len;
+	char *logrec;
+
+	msglen = msg ? strlen(msg) : 0;
+	maxlen = strlen(committer) + msglen + 100;
+	logrec = xmalloc(maxlen);
+	len = sprintf(logrec, "%s %s %s\n",
+		      sha1_to_hex(old_sha1),
+		      sha1_to_hex(new_sha1),
+		      committer);
+	if (msglen)
+		len += copy_msg(logrec + len - 1, msg) - 1;
+
+	written = len <= maxlen ? write_in_full(fd, logrec, len) : -1;
+	free(logrec);
+	if (written != len)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int log_ref_write(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 			 const unsigned char *new_sha1, const char *msg)
 {
-	int logfd, result, written, oflags = O_APPEND | O_WRONLY;
-	unsigned maxlen, len;
-	int msglen;
+	int logfd, result, oflags = O_APPEND | O_WRONLY;
 	char log_file[PATH_MAX];
-	char *logrec;
-	const char *committer;
 
 	if (log_all_ref_updates < 0)
 		log_all_ref_updates = !is_bare_repository();
@@ -1591,61 +2998,64 @@ static int log_ref_write(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 	logfd = open(log_file, oflags);
 	if (logfd < 0)
 		return 0;
-	msglen = msg ? strlen(msg) : 0;
-	committer = git_committer_info(0);
-	maxlen = strlen(committer) + msglen + 100;
-	logrec = xmalloc(maxlen);
-	len = sprintf(logrec, "%s %s %s\n",
-		      sha1_to_hex(old_sha1),
-		      sha1_to_hex(new_sha1),
-		      committer);
-	if (msglen)
-		len += copy_msg(logrec + len - 1, msg) - 1;
-	written = len <= maxlen ? write_in_full(logfd, logrec, len) : -1;
-	free(logrec);
-	if (close(logfd) != 0 || written != len)
-		return error("Unable to append to %s", log_file);
+	result = log_ref_write_fd(logfd, old_sha1, new_sha1,
+				  git_committer_info(0), msg);
+	if (result) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		close(logfd);
+		error("Unable to append to %s", log_file);
+		errno = save_errno;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (close(logfd)) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		error("Unable to append to %s", log_file);
+		errno = save_errno;
+		return -1;
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int is_branch(const char *refname)
+int is_branch(const char *refname)
 {
-	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") || !prefixcmp(refname, "refs/heads/");
+	return !strcmp(refname, "HEAD") || starts_with(refname, "refs/heads/");
 }
 
-int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
+/*
+ * Write sha1 into the ref specified by the lock. Make sure that errno
+ * is sane on error.
+ */
+static int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
 	const unsigned char *sha1, const char *logmsg)
 {
 	static char term = '\n';
 	struct object *o;
 
-	if (!lock)
-		return -1;
-	if (!lock->force_write && !hashcmp(lock->old_sha1, sha1)) {
-		unlock_ref(lock);
-		return 0;
-	}
 	o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o) {
 		error("Trying to write ref %s with nonexistent object %s",
 			lock->ref_name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 		unlock_ref(lock);
+		errno = EINVAL;
 		return -1;
 	}
 	if (o->type != OBJ_COMMIT && is_branch(lock->ref_name)) {
 		error("Trying to write non-commit object %s to branch %s",
 			sha1_to_hex(sha1), lock->ref_name);
 		unlock_ref(lock);
+		errno = EINVAL;
 		return -1;
 	}
 	if (write_in_full(lock->lock_fd, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40) != 40 ||
-	    write_in_full(lock->lock_fd, &term, 1) != 1
-		|| close_ref(lock) < 0) {
-		error("Couldn't write %s", lock->lk->filename);
+	    write_in_full(lock->lock_fd, &term, 1) != 1 ||
+	    close_ref(lock) < 0) {
+		int save_errno = errno;
+		error("Couldn't write %s", lock->lk->filename.buf);
 		unlock_ref(lock);
+		errno = save_errno;
 		return -1;
 	}
-	clear_loose_ref_cache(get_ref_cache(NULL));
+	clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
 	if (log_ref_write(lock->ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0 ||
 	    (strcmp(lock->ref_name, lock->orig_ref_name) &&
 	     log_ref_write(lock->orig_ref_name, lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg) < 0)) {
@@ -1668,7 +3078,8 @@ int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock,
 		unsigned char head_sha1[20];
 		int head_flag;
 		const char *head_ref;
-		head_ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", head_sha1, 1, &head_flag);
+		head_ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					      head_sha1, &head_flag);
 		if (head_ref && (head_flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
 		    !strcmp(head_ref, lock->ref_name))
 			log_ref_write("HEAD", lock->old_sha1, sha1, logmsg);
@@ -1745,175 +3156,273 @@ int create_symref(const char *ref_target, const char *refs_heads_master,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static char *ref_msg(const char *line, const char *endp)
+struct read_ref_at_cb {
+	const char *refname;
+	unsigned long at_time;
+	int cnt;
+	int reccnt;
+	unsigned char *sha1;
+	int found_it;
+
+	unsigned char osha1[20];
+	unsigned char nsha1[20];
+	int tz;
+	unsigned long date;
+	char **msg;
+	unsigned long *cutoff_time;
+	int *cutoff_tz;
+	int *cutoff_cnt;
+};
+
+static int read_ref_at_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+		const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+		const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct read_ref_at_cb *cb = cb_data;
+
+	cb->reccnt++;
+	cb->tz = tz;
+	cb->date = timestamp;
+
+	if (timestamp <= cb->at_time || cb->cnt == 0) {
+		if (cb->msg)
+			*cb->msg = xstrdup(message);
+		if (cb->cutoff_time)
+			*cb->cutoff_time = timestamp;
+		if (cb->cutoff_tz)
+			*cb->cutoff_tz = tz;
+		if (cb->cutoff_cnt)
+			*cb->cutoff_cnt = cb->reccnt - 1;
+		/*
+		 * we have not yet updated cb->[n|o]sha1 so they still
+		 * hold the values for the previous record.
+		 */
+		if (!is_null_sha1(cb->osha1)) {
+			hashcpy(cb->sha1, nsha1);
+			if (hashcmp(cb->osha1, nsha1))
+				warning("Log for ref %s has gap after %s.",
+					cb->refname, show_date(cb->date, cb->tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+		}
+		else if (cb->date == cb->at_time)
+			hashcpy(cb->sha1, nsha1);
+		else if (hashcmp(nsha1, cb->sha1))
+			warning("Log for ref %s unexpectedly ended on %s.",
+				cb->refname, show_date(cb->date, cb->tz,
+						   DATE_RFC2822));
+		hashcpy(cb->osha1, osha1);
+		hashcpy(cb->nsha1, nsha1);
+		cb->found_it = 1;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	hashcpy(cb->osha1, osha1);
+	hashcpy(cb->nsha1, nsha1);
+	if (cb->cnt > 0)
+		cb->cnt--;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_ref_at_ent_oldest(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+				  const char *email, unsigned long timestamp,
+				  int tz, const char *message, void *cb_data)
 {
-	const char *ep;
-	line += 82;
-	ep = memchr(line, '\n', endp - line);
-	if (!ep)
-		ep = endp;
-	return xmemdupz(line, ep - line);
+	struct read_ref_at_cb *cb = cb_data;
+
+	if (cb->msg)
+		*cb->msg = xstrdup(message);
+	if (cb->cutoff_time)
+		*cb->cutoff_time = timestamp;
+	if (cb->cutoff_tz)
+		*cb->cutoff_tz = tz;
+	if (cb->cutoff_cnt)
+		*cb->cutoff_cnt = cb->reccnt;
+	hashcpy(cb->sha1, osha1);
+	if (is_null_sha1(cb->sha1))
+		hashcpy(cb->sha1, nsha1);
+	/* We just want the first entry */
+	return 1;
 }
 
-int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned long at_time, int cnt,
+int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned int flags, unsigned long at_time, int cnt,
 		unsigned char *sha1, char **msg,
 		unsigned long *cutoff_time, int *cutoff_tz, int *cutoff_cnt)
 {
-	const char *logfile, *logdata, *logend, *rec, *lastgt, *lastrec;
-	char *tz_c;
-	int logfd, tz, reccnt = 0;
-	struct stat st;
-	unsigned long date;
-	unsigned char logged_sha1[20];
-	void *log_mapped;
-	size_t mapsz;
+	struct read_ref_at_cb cb;
+
+	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
+	cb.refname = refname;
+	cb.at_time = at_time;
+	cb.cnt = cnt;
+	cb.msg = msg;
+	cb.cutoff_time = cutoff_time;
+	cb.cutoff_tz = cutoff_tz;
+	cb.cutoff_cnt = cutoff_cnt;
+	cb.sha1 = sha1;
+
+	for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(refname, read_ref_at_ent, &cb);
+
+	if (!cb.reccnt) {
+		if (flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY)
+			exit(128);
+		else
+			die("Log for %s is empty.", refname);
+	}
+	if (cb.found_it)
+		return 0;
 
-	logfile = git_path("logs/%s", refname);
-	logfd = open(logfile, O_RDONLY, 0);
-	if (logfd < 0)
-		die_errno("Unable to read log '%s'", logfile);
-	fstat(logfd, &st);
-	if (!st.st_size)
-		die("Log %s is empty.", logfile);
-	mapsz = xsize_t(st.st_size);
-	log_mapped = xmmap(NULL, mapsz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, logfd, 0);
-	logdata = log_mapped;
-	close(logfd);
+	for_each_reflog_ent(refname, read_ref_at_ent_oldest, &cb);
 
-	lastrec = NULL;
-	rec = logend = logdata + st.st_size;
-	while (logdata < rec) {
-		reccnt++;
-		if (logdata < rec && *(rec-1) == '\n')
-			rec--;
-		lastgt = NULL;
-		while (logdata < rec && *(rec-1) != '\n') {
-			rec--;
-			if (*rec == '>')
-				lastgt = rec;
-		}
-		if (!lastgt)
-			die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-		date = strtoul(lastgt + 1, &tz_c, 10);
-		if (date <= at_time || cnt == 0) {
-			tz = strtoul(tz_c, NULL, 10);
-			if (msg)
-				*msg = ref_msg(rec, logend);
-			if (cutoff_time)
-				*cutoff_time = date;
-			if (cutoff_tz)
-				*cutoff_tz = tz;
-			if (cutoff_cnt)
-				*cutoff_cnt = reccnt - 1;
-			if (lastrec) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(lastrec, logged_sha1))
-					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, sha1))
-					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-				if (hashcmp(logged_sha1, sha1)) {
-					warning("Log %s has gap after %s.",
-						logfile, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
-				}
-			}
-			else if (date == at_time) {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, sha1))
-					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-			}
-			else {
-				if (get_sha1_hex(rec + 41, logged_sha1))
-					die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-				if (hashcmp(logged_sha1, sha1)) {
-					warning("Log %s unexpectedly ended on %s.",
-						logfile, show_date(date, tz, DATE_RFC2822));
-				}
-			}
-			munmap(log_mapped, mapsz);
-			return 0;
-		}
-		lastrec = rec;
-		if (cnt > 0)
-			cnt--;
-	}
-
-	rec = logdata;
-	while (rec < logend && *rec != '>' && *rec != '\n')
-		rec++;
-	if (rec == logend || *rec == '\n')
-		die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-	date = strtoul(rec + 1, &tz_c, 10);
-	tz = strtoul(tz_c, NULL, 10);
-	if (get_sha1_hex(logdata, sha1))
-		die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-	if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
-		if (get_sha1_hex(logdata + 41, sha1))
-			die("Log %s is corrupt.", logfile);
-	}
-	if (msg)
-		*msg = ref_msg(logdata, logend);
-	munmap(log_mapped, mapsz);
-
-	if (cutoff_time)
-		*cutoff_time = date;
-	if (cutoff_tz)
-		*cutoff_tz = tz;
-	if (cutoff_cnt)
-		*cutoff_cnt = reccnt;
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long ofs, void *cb_data)
+int reflog_exists(const char *refname)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	return !lstat(git_path("logs/%s", refname), &st) &&
+		S_ISREG(st.st_mode);
+}
+
+int delete_reflog(const char *refname)
+{
+	return remove_path(git_path("logs/%s", refname));
+}
+
+static int show_one_reflog_ent(struct strbuf *sb, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
+	char *email_end, *message;
+	unsigned long timestamp;
+	int tz;
+
+	/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
+	if (sb->len < 83 || sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(sb->buf, osha1) || sb->buf[40] != ' ' ||
+	    get_sha1_hex(sb->buf + 41, nsha1) || sb->buf[81] != ' ' ||
+	    !(email_end = strchr(sb->buf + 82, '>')) ||
+	    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
+	    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
+	    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
+	    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
+	    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
+	    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
+		return 0; /* corrupt? */
+	email_end[1] = '\0';
+	tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
+	if (message[6] != '\t')
+		message += 6;
+	else
+		message += 7;
+	return fn(osha1, nsha1, sb->buf + 82, timestamp, tz, message, cb_data);
+}
+
+static char *find_beginning_of_line(char *bob, char *scan)
+{
+	while (bob < scan && *(--scan) != '\n')
+		; /* keep scanning backwards */
+	/*
+	 * Return either beginning of the buffer, or LF at the end of
+	 * the previous line.
+	 */
+	return scan;
+}
+
+int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	const char *logfile;
-	FILE *logfp;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int ret = 0;
+	FILE *logfp;
+	long pos;
+	int ret = 0, at_tail = 1;
 
-	logfile = git_path("logs/%s", refname);
-	logfp = fopen(logfile, "r");
+	logfp = fopen(git_path("logs/%s", refname), "r");
 	if (!logfp)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (ofs) {
-		struct stat statbuf;
-		if (fstat(fileno(logfp), &statbuf) ||
-		    statbuf.st_size < ofs ||
-		    fseek(logfp, -ofs, SEEK_END) ||
-		    strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n')) {
-			fclose(logfp);
-			strbuf_release(&sb);
-			return -1;
+	/* Jump to the end */
+	if (fseek(logfp, 0, SEEK_END) < 0)
+		return error("cannot seek back reflog for %s: %s",
+			     refname, strerror(errno));
+	pos = ftell(logfp);
+	while (!ret && 0 < pos) {
+		int cnt;
+		size_t nread;
+		char buf[BUFSIZ];
+		char *endp, *scanp;
+
+		/* Fill next block from the end */
+		cnt = (sizeof(buf) < pos) ? sizeof(buf) : pos;
+		if (fseek(logfp, pos - cnt, SEEK_SET))
+			return error("cannot seek back reflog for %s: %s",
+				     refname, strerror(errno));
+		nread = fread(buf, cnt, 1, logfp);
+		if (nread != 1)
+			return error("cannot read %d bytes from reflog for %s: %s",
+				     cnt, refname, strerror(errno));
+		pos -= cnt;
+
+		scanp = endp = buf + cnt;
+		if (at_tail && scanp[-1] == '\n')
+			/* Looking at the final LF at the end of the file */
+			scanp--;
+		at_tail = 0;
+
+		while (buf < scanp) {
+			/*
+			 * terminating LF of the previous line, or the beginning
+			 * of the buffer.
+			 */
+			char *bp;
+
+			bp = find_beginning_of_line(buf, scanp);
+
+			if (*bp == '\n') {
+				/*
+				 * The newline is the end of the previous line,
+				 * so we know we have complete line starting
+				 * at (bp + 1). Prefix it onto any prior data
+				 * we collected for the line and process it.
+				 */
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, bp + 1, endp - (bp + 1));
+				scanp = bp;
+				endp = bp + 1;
+				ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+				strbuf_reset(&sb);
+				if (ret)
+					break;
+			} else if (!pos) {
+				/*
+				 * We are at the start of the buffer, and the
+				 * start of the file; there is no previous
+				 * line, and we have everything for this one.
+				 * Process it, and we can end the loop.
+				 */
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, buf, endp - buf);
+				ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+				strbuf_reset(&sb);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if (bp == buf) {
+				/*
+				 * We are at the start of the buffer, and there
+				 * is more file to read backwards. Which means
+				 * we are in the middle of a line. Note that we
+				 * may get here even if *bp was a newline; that
+				 * just means we are at the exact end of the
+				 * previous line, rather than some spot in the
+				 * middle.
+				 *
+				 * Save away what we have to be combined with
+				 * the data from the next read.
+				 */
+				strbuf_splice(&sb, 0, 0, buf, endp - buf);
+				break;
+			}
 		}
-	}
 
-	while (!strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n')) {
-		unsigned char osha1[20], nsha1[20];
-		char *email_end, *message;
-		unsigned long timestamp;
-		int tz;
-
-		/* old SP new SP name <email> SP time TAB msg LF */
-		if (sb.len < 83 || sb.buf[sb.len - 1] != '\n' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, osha1) || sb.buf[40] != ' ' ||
-		    get_sha1_hex(sb.buf + 41, nsha1) || sb.buf[81] != ' ' ||
-		    !(email_end = strchr(sb.buf + 82, '>')) ||
-		    email_end[1] != ' ' ||
-		    !(timestamp = strtoul(email_end + 2, &message, 10)) ||
-		    !message || message[0] != ' ' ||
-		    (message[1] != '+' && message[1] != '-') ||
-		    !isdigit(message[2]) || !isdigit(message[3]) ||
-		    !isdigit(message[4]) || !isdigit(message[5]))
-			continue; /* corrupt? */
-		email_end[1] = '\0';
-		tz = strtol(message + 1, NULL, 10);
-		if (message[6] != '\t')
-			message += 6;
-		else
-			message += 7;
-		ret = fn(osha1, nsha1, sb.buf + 82, timestamp, tz, message,
-			 cb_data);
-		if (ret)
-			break;
 	}
+	if (!ret && sb.len)
+		die("BUG: reverse reflog parser had leftover data");
+
 	fclose(logfp);
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 	return ret;
@@ -1921,124 +3430,409 @@ int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long
 
 int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return for_each_recent_reflog_ent(refname, fn, 0, cb_data);
-}
+	FILE *logfp;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	logfp = fopen(git_path("logs/%s", refname), "r");
+	if (!logfp)
+		return -1;
 
-static int do_for_each_reflog(const char *base, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+	while (!ret && !strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, logfp, '\n'))
+		ret = show_one_reflog_ent(&sb, fn, cb_data);
+	fclose(logfp);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return ret;
+}
+/*
+ * Call fn for each reflog in the namespace indicated by name.  name
+ * must be empty or end with '/'.  Name will be used as a scratch
+ * space, but its contents will be restored before return.
+ */
+static int do_for_each_reflog(struct strbuf *name, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	DIR *dir = opendir(git_path("logs/%s", base));
+	DIR *d = opendir(git_path("logs/%s", name->buf));
 	int retval = 0;
+	struct dirent *de;
+	int oldlen = name->len;
 
-	if (dir) {
-		struct dirent *de;
-		int baselen = strlen(base);
-		char *log = xmalloc(baselen + 257);
-
-		memcpy(log, base, baselen);
-		if (baselen && base[baselen-1] != '/')
-			log[baselen++] = '/';
+	if (!d)
+		return name->len ? errno : 0;
 
-		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-			struct stat st;
-			int namelen;
+	while ((de = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
+		struct stat st;
 
-			if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
-				continue;
-			namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
-			if (namelen > 255)
-				continue;
-			if (has_extension(de->d_name, ".lock"))
-				continue;
-			memcpy(log + baselen, de->d_name, namelen+1);
-			if (stat(git_path("logs/%s", log), &st) < 0)
-				continue;
+		if (de->d_name[0] == '.')
+			continue;
+		if (ends_with(de->d_name, ".lock"))
+			continue;
+		strbuf_addstr(name, de->d_name);
+		if (stat(git_path("logs/%s", name->buf), &st) < 0) {
+			; /* silently ignore */
+		} else {
 			if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-				retval = do_for_each_reflog(log, fn, cb_data);
+				strbuf_addch(name, '/');
+				retval = do_for_each_reflog(name, fn, cb_data);
 			} else {
 				unsigned char sha1[20];
-				if (read_ref_full(log, sha1, 0, NULL))
-					retval = error("bad ref for %s", log);
+				if (read_ref_full(name->buf, 0, sha1, NULL))
+					retval = error("bad ref for %s", name->buf);
 				else
-					retval = fn(log, sha1, 0, cb_data);
+					retval = fn(name->buf, sha1, 0, cb_data);
 			}
 			if (retval)
 				break;
 		}
-		free(log);
-		closedir(dir);
+		strbuf_setlen(name, oldlen);
 	}
-	else if (*base)
-		return errno;
+	closedir(d);
 	return retval;
 }
 
 int for_each_reflog(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 {
-	return do_for_each_reflog("", fn, cb_data);
+	int retval;
+	struct strbuf name;
+	strbuf_init(&name, PATH_MAX);
+	retval = do_for_each_reflog(&name, fn, cb_data);
+	strbuf_release(&name);
+	return retval;
 }
 
-int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
-		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
+/**
+ * Information needed for a single ref update. Set new_sha1 to the new
+ * value or to null_sha1 to delete the ref. To check the old value
+ * while the ref is locked, set (flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) and set
+ * old_sha1 to the old value, or to null_sha1 to ensure the ref does
+ * not exist before update.
+ */
+struct ref_update {
+	/*
+	 * If (flags & REF_HAVE_NEW), set the reference to this value:
+	 */
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	/*
+	 * If (flags & REF_HAVE_OLD), check that the reference
+	 * previously had this value:
+	 */
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	/*
+	 * One or more of REF_HAVE_NEW, REF_HAVE_OLD, REF_NODEREF,
+	 * REF_DELETING, and REF_ISPRUNING:
+	 */
+	unsigned int flags;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	int type;
+	char *msg;
+	const char refname[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Transaction states.
+ * OPEN:   The transaction is in a valid state and can accept new updates.
+ *         An OPEN transaction can be committed.
+ * CLOSED: A closed transaction is no longer active and no other operations
+ *         than free can be used on it in this state.
+ *         A transaction can either become closed by successfully committing
+ *         an active transaction or if there is a failure while building
+ *         the transaction thus rendering it failed/inactive.
+ */
+enum ref_transaction_state {
+	REF_TRANSACTION_OPEN   = 0,
+	REF_TRANSACTION_CLOSED = 1
+};
+
+/*
+ * Data structure for holding a reference transaction, which can
+ * consist of checks and updates to multiple references, carried out
+ * as atomically as possible.  This structure is opaque to callers.
+ */
+struct ref_transaction {
+	struct ref_update **updates;
+	size_t alloc;
+	size_t nr;
+	enum ref_transaction_state state;
+};
+
+struct ref_transaction *ref_transaction_begin(struct strbuf *err)
 {
-	static struct ref_lock *lock;
-	lock = lock_any_ref_for_update(refname, oldval, flags);
-	if (!lock) {
-		const char *str = "Cannot lock the ref '%s'.";
-		switch (onerr) {
-		case MSG_ON_ERR: error(str, refname); break;
-		case DIE_ON_ERR: die(str, refname); break;
-		case QUIET_ON_ERR: break;
-		}
-		return 1;
+	assert(err);
+
+	return xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct ref_transaction));
+}
+
+void ref_transaction_free(struct ref_transaction *transaction)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!transaction)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < transaction->nr; i++) {
+		free(transaction->updates[i]->msg);
+		free(transaction->updates[i]);
+	}
+	free(transaction->updates);
+	free(transaction);
+}
+
+static struct ref_update *add_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+				     const char *refname)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(refname);
+	struct ref_update *update = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*update) + len + 1);
+
+	strcpy((char *)update->refname, refname);
+	ALLOC_GROW(transaction->updates, transaction->nr + 1, transaction->alloc);
+	transaction->updates[transaction->nr++] = update;
+	return update;
+}
+
+int ref_transaction_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	struct ref_update *update;
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	if (transaction->state != REF_TRANSACTION_OPEN)
+		die("BUG: update called for transaction that is not open");
+
+	if (new_sha1 && !is_null_sha1(new_sha1) &&
+	    check_refname_format(refname, REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+		strbuf_addf(err, "refusing to update ref with bad name %s",
+			    refname);
+		return -1;
 	}
-	if (write_ref_sha1(lock, sha1, action) < 0) {
-		const char *str = "Cannot update the ref '%s'.";
+
+	update = add_update(transaction, refname);
+	if (new_sha1) {
+		hashcpy(update->new_sha1, new_sha1);
+		flags |= REF_HAVE_NEW;
+	}
+	if (old_sha1) {
+		hashcpy(update->old_sha1, old_sha1);
+		flags |= REF_HAVE_OLD;
+	}
+	update->flags = flags;
+	if (msg)
+		update->msg = xstrdup(msg);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ref_transaction_create(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	if (!new_sha1 || is_null_sha1(new_sha1))
+		die("BUG: create called without valid new_sha1");
+	return ref_transaction_update(transaction, refname, new_sha1,
+				      null_sha1, flags, msg, err);
+}
+
+int ref_transaction_delete(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	if (old_sha1 && is_null_sha1(old_sha1))
+		die("BUG: delete called with old_sha1 set to zeros");
+	return ref_transaction_update(transaction, refname,
+				      null_sha1, old_sha1,
+				      flags, msg, err);
+}
+
+int ref_transaction_verify(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	if (!old_sha1)
+		die("BUG: verify called with old_sha1 set to NULL");
+	return ref_transaction_update(transaction, refname,
+				      NULL, old_sha1,
+				      flags, NULL, err);
+}
+
+int update_ref(const char *msg, const char *refname,
+	       const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+	       unsigned int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
+{
+	struct ref_transaction *t;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	t = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!t ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(t, refname, new_sha1, old_sha1,
+				   flags, msg, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(t, &err)) {
+		const char *str = "update_ref failed for ref '%s': %s";
+
+		ref_transaction_free(t);
 		switch (onerr) {
-		case MSG_ON_ERR: error(str, refname); break;
-		case DIE_ON_ERR: die(str, refname); break;
-		case QUIET_ON_ERR: break;
+		case UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR:
+			error(str, refname, err.buf);
+			break;
+		case UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR:
+			die(str, refname, err.buf);
+			break;
+		case UPDATE_REFS_QUIET_ON_ERR:
+			break;
 		}
+		strbuf_release(&err);
 		return 1;
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	ref_transaction_free(t);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int ref_exists(const char *refname)
+static int ref_update_compare(const void *r1, const void *r2)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	return !!resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, sha1, 1, NULL);
+	const struct ref_update * const *u1 = r1;
+	const struct ref_update * const *u2 = r2;
+	return strcmp((*u1)->refname, (*u2)->refname);
 }
 
-struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name)
+static int ref_update_reject_duplicates(struct ref_update **updates, int n,
+					struct strbuf *err)
 {
-	for ( ; list; list = list->next)
-		if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
-			return (struct ref *)list;
-	return NULL;
+	int i;
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(updates[i - 1]->refname, updates[i]->refname)) {
+			strbuf_addf(err,
+				    "Multiple updates for ref '%s' not allowed.",
+				    updates[i]->refname);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * generate a format suitable for scanf from a ref_rev_parse_rules
- * rule, that is replace the "%.*s" spec with a "%s" spec
- */
-static void gen_scanf_fmt(char *scanf_fmt, const char *rule)
+int ref_transaction_commit(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   struct strbuf *err)
 {
-	char *spec;
+	int ret = 0, i;
+	int n = transaction->nr;
+	struct ref_update **updates = transaction->updates;
+	struct string_list refs_to_delete = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *ref_to_delete;
+
+	assert(err);
 
-	spec = strstr(rule, "%.*s");
-	if (!spec || strstr(spec + 4, "%.*s"))
-		die("invalid rule in ref_rev_parse_rules: %s", rule);
+	if (transaction->state != REF_TRANSACTION_OPEN)
+		die("BUG: commit called for transaction that is not open");
 
-	/* copy all until spec */
-	strncpy(scanf_fmt, rule, spec - rule);
-	scanf_fmt[spec - rule] = '\0';
-	/* copy new spec */
-	strcat(scanf_fmt, "%s");
-	/* copy remaining rule */
-	strcat(scanf_fmt, spec + 4);
+	if (!n) {
+		transaction->state = REF_TRANSACTION_CLOSED;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Copy, sort, and reject duplicate refs */
+	qsort(updates, n, sizeof(*updates), ref_update_compare);
+	if (ref_update_reject_duplicates(updates, n, err)) {
+		ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
 
-	return;
+	/* Acquire all locks while verifying old values */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		struct ref_update *update = updates[i];
+		unsigned int flags = update->flags;
+
+		if ((flags & REF_HAVE_NEW) && is_null_sha1(update->new_sha1))
+			flags |= REF_DELETING;
+		update->lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(
+				update->refname,
+				((update->flags & REF_HAVE_OLD) ?
+				 update->old_sha1 : NULL),
+				NULL,
+				flags,
+				&update->type);
+		if (!update->lock) {
+			ret = (errno == ENOTDIR)
+				? TRANSACTION_NAME_CONFLICT
+				: TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+			strbuf_addf(err, "Cannot lock the ref '%s'.",
+				    update->refname);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Perform updates first so live commits remain referenced */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		struct ref_update *update = updates[i];
+		int flags = update->flags;
+
+		if ((flags & REF_HAVE_NEW) && !is_null_sha1(update->new_sha1)) {
+			int overwriting_symref = ((update->type & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+						  (update->flags & REF_NODEREF));
+
+			if (!overwriting_symref
+			    && !hashcmp(update->lock->old_sha1, update->new_sha1)) {
+				/*
+				 * The reference already has the desired
+				 * value, so we don't need to write it.
+				 */
+				unlock_ref(update->lock);
+				update->lock = NULL;
+			} else if (write_ref_sha1(update->lock, update->new_sha1,
+						  update->msg)) {
+				update->lock = NULL; /* freed by write_ref_sha1 */
+				strbuf_addf(err, "Cannot update the ref '%s'.",
+					    update->refname);
+				ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+				goto cleanup;
+			} else {
+				/* freed by write_ref_sha1(): */
+				update->lock = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Perform deletes now that updates are safely completed */
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		struct ref_update *update = updates[i];
+		int flags = update->flags;
+
+		if ((flags & REF_HAVE_NEW) && is_null_sha1(update->new_sha1)) {
+			if (delete_ref_loose(update->lock, update->type, err)) {
+				ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+
+			if (!(flags & REF_ISPRUNING))
+				string_list_append(&refs_to_delete,
+						   update->lock->ref_name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (repack_without_refs(&refs_to_delete, err)) {
+		ret = TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+	for_each_string_list_item(ref_to_delete, &refs_to_delete)
+		unlink_or_warn(git_path("logs/%s", ref_to_delete->string));
+	clear_loose_ref_cache(&ref_cache);
+
+cleanup:
+	transaction->state = REF_TRANSACTION_CLOSED;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		if (updates[i]->lock)
+			unlock_ref(updates[i]->lock);
+	string_list_clear(&refs_to_delete, 0);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 char *shorten_unambiguous_ref(const char *refname, int strict)
@@ -2048,23 +3842,29 @@ char *shorten_unambiguous_ref(const char *refname, int strict)
 	static int nr_rules;
 	char *short_name;
 
-	/* pre generate scanf formats from ref_rev_parse_rules[] */
 	if (!nr_rules) {
+		/*
+		 * Pre-generate scanf formats from ref_rev_parse_rules[].
+		 * Generate a format suitable for scanf from a
+		 * ref_rev_parse_rules rule by interpolating "%s" at the
+		 * location of the "%.*s".
+		 */
 		size_t total_len = 0;
+		size_t offset = 0;
 
 		/* the rule list is NULL terminated, count them first */
-		for (; ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]; nr_rules++)
-			/* no +1 because strlen("%s") < strlen("%.*s") */
-			total_len += strlen(ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]);
+		for (nr_rules = 0; ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]; nr_rules++)
+			/* -2 for strlen("%.*s") - strlen("%s"); +1 for NUL */
+			total_len += strlen(ref_rev_parse_rules[nr_rules]) - 2 + 1;
 
 		scanf_fmts = xmalloc(nr_rules * sizeof(char *) + total_len);
 
-		total_len = 0;
+		offset = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < nr_rules; i++) {
-			scanf_fmts[i] = (char *)&scanf_fmts[nr_rules]
-					+ total_len;
-			gen_scanf_fmt(scanf_fmts[i], ref_rev_parse_rules[i]);
-			total_len += strlen(ref_rev_parse_rules[i]);
+			assert(offset < total_len);
+			scanf_fmts[i] = (char *)&scanf_fmts[nr_rules] + offset;
+			offset += snprintf(scanf_fmts[i], total_len - offset,
+					   ref_rev_parse_rules[i], 2, "%s") + 1;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2127,3 +3927,184 @@ char *shorten_unambiguous_ref(const char *refname, int strict)
 	free(short_name);
 	return xstrdup(refname);
 }
+
+static struct string_list *hide_refs;
+
+int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *section)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("transfer.hiderefs", var) ||
+	    /* NEEDSWORK: use parse_config_key() once both are merged */
+	    (starts_with(var, section) && var[strlen(section)] == '.' &&
+	     !strcmp(var + strlen(section), ".hiderefs"))) {
+		char *ref;
+		int len;
+
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+		ref = xstrdup(value);
+		len = strlen(ref);
+		while (len && ref[len - 1] == '/')
+			ref[--len] = '\0';
+		if (!hide_refs) {
+			hide_refs = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*hide_refs));
+			hide_refs->strdup_strings = 1;
+		}
+		string_list_append(hide_refs, ref);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ref_is_hidden(const char *refname)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!hide_refs)
+		return 0;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, hide_refs) {
+		int len;
+		if (!starts_with(refname, item->string))
+			continue;
+		len = strlen(item->string);
+		if (!refname[len] || refname[len] == '/')
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct expire_reflog_cb {
+	unsigned int flags;
+	reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn *should_prune_fn;
+	void *policy_cb;
+	FILE *newlog;
+	unsigned char last_kept_sha1[20];
+};
+
+static int expire_reflog_ent(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+			     const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+			     const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct expire_reflog_cb *cb = cb_data;
+	struct expire_reflog_policy_cb *policy_cb = cb->policy_cb;
+
+	if (cb->flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_REWRITE)
+		osha1 = cb->last_kept_sha1;
+
+	if ((*cb->should_prune_fn)(osha1, nsha1, email, timestamp, tz,
+				   message, policy_cb)) {
+		if (!cb->newlog)
+			printf("would prune %s", message);
+		else if (cb->flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE)
+			printf("prune %s", message);
+	} else {
+		if (cb->newlog) {
+			fprintf(cb->newlog, "%s %s %s %lu %+05d\t%s",
+				sha1_to_hex(osha1), sha1_to_hex(nsha1),
+				email, timestamp, tz, message);
+			hashcpy(cb->last_kept_sha1, nsha1);
+		}
+		if (cb->flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE)
+			printf("keep %s", message);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int reflog_expire(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+		 unsigned int flags,
+		 reflog_expiry_prepare_fn prepare_fn,
+		 reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn should_prune_fn,
+		 reflog_expiry_cleanup_fn cleanup_fn,
+		 void *policy_cb_data)
+{
+	static struct lock_file reflog_lock;
+	struct expire_reflog_cb cb;
+	struct ref_lock *lock;
+	char *log_file;
+	int status = 0;
+	int type;
+
+	memset(&cb, 0, sizeof(cb));
+	cb.flags = flags;
+	cb.policy_cb = policy_cb_data;
+	cb.should_prune_fn = should_prune_fn;
+
+	/*
+	 * The reflog file is locked by holding the lock on the
+	 * reference itself, plus we might need to update the
+	 * reference if --updateref was specified:
+	 */
+	lock = lock_ref_sha1_basic(refname, sha1, NULL, 0, &type);
+	if (!lock)
+		return error("cannot lock ref '%s'", refname);
+	if (!reflog_exists(refname)) {
+		unlock_ref(lock);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	log_file = git_pathdup("logs/%s", refname);
+	if (!(flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_DRY_RUN)) {
+		/*
+		 * Even though holding $GIT_DIR/logs/$reflog.lock has
+		 * no locking implications, we use the lock_file
+		 * machinery here anyway because it does a lot of the
+		 * work we need, including cleaning up if the program
+		 * exits unexpectedly.
+		 */
+		if (hold_lock_file_for_update(&reflog_lock, log_file, 0) < 0) {
+			struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+			unable_to_lock_message(log_file, errno, &err);
+			error("%s", err.buf);
+			strbuf_release(&err);
+			goto failure;
+		}
+		cb.newlog = fdopen_lock_file(&reflog_lock, "w");
+		if (!cb.newlog) {
+			error("cannot fdopen %s (%s)",
+			      reflog_lock.filename.buf, strerror(errno));
+			goto failure;
+		}
+	}
+
+	(*prepare_fn)(refname, sha1, cb.policy_cb);
+	for_each_reflog_ent(refname, expire_reflog_ent, &cb);
+	(*cleanup_fn)(cb.policy_cb);
+
+	if (!(flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_DRY_RUN)) {
+		/*
+		 * It doesn't make sense to adjust a reference pointed
+		 * to by a symbolic ref based on expiring entries in
+		 * the symbolic reference's reflog. Nor can we update
+		 * a reference if there are no remaining reflog
+		 * entries.
+		 */
+		int update = (flags & EXPIRE_REFLOGS_UPDATE_REF) &&
+			!(type & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
+			!is_null_sha1(cb.last_kept_sha1);
+
+		if (close_lock_file(&reflog_lock)) {
+			status |= error("couldn't write %s: %s", log_file,
+					strerror(errno));
+		} else if (update &&
+			(write_in_full(lock->lock_fd,
+				sha1_to_hex(cb.last_kept_sha1), 40) != 40 ||
+			 write_str_in_full(lock->lock_fd, "\n") != 1 ||
+			 close_ref(lock) < 0)) {
+			status |= error("couldn't write %s",
+					lock->lk->filename.buf);
+			rollback_lock_file(&reflog_lock);
+		} else if (commit_lock_file(&reflog_lock)) {
+			status |= error("unable to commit reflog '%s' (%s)",
+					log_file, strerror(errno));
+		} else if (update && commit_ref(lock)) {
+			status |= error("couldn't set %s", lock->ref_name);
+		}
+	}
+	free(log_file);
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	return status;
+
+ failure:
+	rollback_lock_file(&reflog_lock);
+	free(log_file);
+	unlock_ref(lock);
+	return -1;
+}
diff --git a/refs.h b/refs.h
index 33202b0d4c..cf642e6ddc 100644
--- a/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@ -1,24 +1,83 @@
 #ifndef REFS_H
 #define REFS_H
 
-struct ref_lock {
-	char *ref_name;
-	char *orig_ref_name;
-	struct lock_file *lk;
-	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
-	int lock_fd;
-	int force_write;
-};
+/*
+ * A ref_transaction represents a collection of ref updates
+ * that should succeed or fail together.
+ *
+ * Calling sequence
+ * ----------------
+ * - Allocate and initialize a `struct ref_transaction` by calling
+ *   `ref_transaction_begin()`.
+ *
+ * - List intended ref updates by calling functions like
+ *   `ref_transaction_update()` and `ref_transaction_create()`.
+ *
+ * - Call `ref_transaction_commit()` to execute the transaction.
+ *   If this succeeds, the ref updates will have taken place and
+ *   the transaction cannot be rolled back.
+ *
+ * - At any time call `ref_transaction_free()` to discard the
+ *   transaction and free associated resources.  In particular,
+ *   this rolls back the transaction if it has not been
+ *   successfully committed.
+ *
+ * Error handling
+ * --------------
+ *
+ * On error, transaction functions append a message about what
+ * went wrong to the 'err' argument.  The message mentions what
+ * ref was being updated (if any) when the error occurred so it
+ * can be passed to 'die' or 'error' as-is.
+ *
+ * The message is appended to err without first clearing err.
+ * err will not be '\n' terminated.
+ */
+struct ref_transaction;
+
+/*
+ * Bit values set in the flags argument passed to each_ref_fn():
+ */
 
+/* Reference is a symbolic reference. */
 #define REF_ISSYMREF 0x01
+
+/* Reference is a packed reference. */
 #define REF_ISPACKED 0x02
+
+/*
+ * Reference cannot be resolved to an object name: dangling symbolic
+ * reference (directly or indirectly), corrupt reference file,
+ * reference exists but name is bad, or symbolic reference refers to
+ * ill-formatted reference name.
+ */
 #define REF_ISBROKEN 0x04
 
 /*
- * Calls the specified function for each ref file until it returns nonzero,
- * and returns the value
+ * Reference name is not well formed.
+ *
+ * See git-check-ref-format(1) for the definition of well formed ref names.
+ */
+#define REF_BAD_NAME 0x08
+
+/*
+ * The signature for the callback function for the for_each_*()
+ * functions below.  The memory pointed to by the refname and sha1
+ * arguments is only guaranteed to be valid for the duration of a
+ * single callback invocation.
+ */
+typedef int each_ref_fn(const char *refname,
+			const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * The following functions invoke the specified callback function for
+ * each reference indicated.  If the function ever returns a nonzero
+ * value, stop the iteration and return that value.  Please note that
+ * it is not safe to modify references while an iteration is in
+ * progress, unless the same callback function invocation that
+ * modifies the reference also returns a nonzero value to immediately
+ * stop the iteration.
  */
-typedef int each_ref_fn(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data);
 extern int head_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
 extern int for_each_ref(each_ref_fn, void *);
 extern int for_each_ref_in(const char *, each_ref_fn, void *);
@@ -49,58 +108,107 @@ static inline const char *has_glob_specials(const char *pattern)
 extern int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn, void *);
 
 extern void warn_dangling_symref(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const char *refname);
+extern void warn_dangling_symrefs(FILE *fp, const char *msg_fmt, const struct string_list *refnames);
+
+/*
+ * Lock the packed-refs file for writing.  Flags is passed to
+ * hold_lock_file_for_update().  Return 0 on success.
+ * Errno is set to something meaningful on error.
+ */
+extern int lock_packed_refs(int flags);
 
 /*
- * Add a reference to the in-memory packed reference cache.  To actually
- * write the reference to the packed-refs file, call pack_refs().
+ * Add a reference to the in-memory packed reference cache.  This may
+ * only be called while the packed-refs file is locked (see
+ * lock_packed_refs()).  To actually write the packed-refs file, call
+ * commit_packed_refs().
  */
 extern void add_packed_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1);
 
-extern int ref_exists(const char *);
+/*
+ * Write the current version of the packed refs cache from memory to
+ * disk.  The packed-refs file must already be locked for writing (see
+ * lock_packed_refs()).  Return zero on success.
+ * Sets errno to something meaningful on error.
+ */
+extern int commit_packed_refs(void);
 
-extern int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
+/*
+ * Rollback the lockfile for the packed-refs file, and discard the
+ * in-memory packed reference cache.  (The packed-refs file will be
+ * read anew if it is needed again after this function is called.)
+ */
+extern void rollback_packed_refs(void);
 
-/** Locks a "refs/" ref returning the lock on success and NULL on failure. **/
-extern struct ref_lock *lock_ref_sha1(const char *refname, const unsigned char *old_sha1);
+/*
+ * Flags for controlling behaviour of pack_refs()
+ * PACK_REFS_PRUNE: Prune loose refs after packing
+ * PACK_REFS_ALL:   Pack _all_ refs, not just tags and already packed refs
+ */
+#define PACK_REFS_PRUNE 0x0001
+#define PACK_REFS_ALL   0x0002
 
-/** Locks any ref (for 'HEAD' type refs). */
-#define REF_NODEREF	0x01
-extern struct ref_lock *lock_any_ref_for_update(const char *refname,
-						const unsigned char *old_sha1,
-						int flags);
+/*
+ * Write a packed-refs file for the current repository.
+ * flags: Combination of the above PACK_REFS_* flags.
+ */
+int pack_refs(unsigned int flags);
 
-/** Close the file descriptor owned by a lock and return the status */
-extern int close_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
+/*
+ * Rewrite the packed-refs file, omitting any refs listed in
+ * 'refnames'. On error, packed-refs will be unchanged, the return
+ * value is nonzero, and a message about the error is written to the
+ * 'err' strbuf.
+ *
+ * The refs in 'refnames' needn't be sorted. `err` must not be NULL.
+ */
+extern int repack_without_refs(struct string_list *refnames,
+			       struct strbuf *err);
 
-/** Close and commit the ref locked by the lock */
-extern int commit_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
+extern int ref_exists(const char *);
 
-/** Release any lock taken but not written. **/
-extern void unlock_ref(struct ref_lock *lock);
+extern int is_branch(const char *refname);
 
-/** Writes sha1 into the ref specified by the lock. **/
-extern int write_ref_sha1(struct ref_lock *lock, const unsigned char *sha1, const char *msg);
+/*
+ * If refname is a non-symbolic reference that refers to a tag object,
+ * and the tag can be (recursively) dereferenced to a non-tag object,
+ * store the SHA1 of the referred-to object to sha1 and return 0.  If
+ * any of these conditions are not met, return a non-zero value.
+ * Symbolic references are considered unpeelable, even if they
+ * ultimately resolve to a peelable tag.
+ */
+extern int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
 
 /*
- * Invalidate the reference cache for the specified submodule.  Use
- * submodule=NULL to invalidate the cache for the main module.  This
- * function must be called if references are changed via a mechanism
- * other than the refs API.
+ * Flags controlling ref_transaction_update(), ref_transaction_create(), etc.
+ * REF_NODEREF: act on the ref directly, instead of dereferencing
+ *              symbolic references.
+ *
+ * Other flags are reserved for internal use.
  */
-extern void invalidate_ref_cache(const char *submodule);
+#define REF_NODEREF	0x01
 
-/** Setup reflog before using. **/
-int log_ref_setup(const char *ref_name, char *logfile, int bufsize);
+/*
+ * Setup reflog before using. Set errno to something meaningful on failure.
+ */
+int log_ref_setup(const char *refname, char *logfile, int bufsize);
 
 /** Reads log for the value of ref during at_time. **/
-extern int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned long at_time, int cnt,
+extern int read_ref_at(const char *refname, unsigned int flags,
+		       unsigned long at_time, int cnt,
 		       unsigned char *sha1, char **msg,
 		       unsigned long *cutoff_time, int *cutoff_tz, int *cutoff_cnt);
 
+/** Check if a particular reflog exists */
+extern int reflog_exists(const char *refname);
+
+/** Delete a reflog */
+extern int delete_reflog(const char *refname);
+
 /* iterate over reflog entries */
 typedef int each_reflog_ent_fn(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1, const char *, unsigned long, int, const char *, void *);
 int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
-int for_each_recent_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, long, void *cb_data);
+int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn, void *cb_data);
 
 /*
  * Calls the specified function for each reflog file until it returns nonzero,
@@ -110,7 +218,6 @@ extern int for_each_reflog(each_ref_fn, void *);
 
 #define REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL 1
 #define REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN 2
-#define REFNAME_DOT_COMPONENT 4
 
 /*
  * Return 0 iff refname has the correct format for a refname according
@@ -118,10 +225,7 @@ extern int for_each_reflog(each_ref_fn, void *);
  * If REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL is set in flags, then accept one-level
  * reference names.  If REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN is set in flags, then
  * allow a "*" wildcard character in place of one of the name
- * components.  No leading or repeated slashes are accepted.  If
- * REFNAME_DOT_COMPONENT is set in flags, then allow refname
- * components to start with "." (but not a whole component equal to
- * "." or "..").
+ * components.  No leading or repeated slashes are accepted.
  */
 extern int check_refname_format(const char *refname, int flags);
 
@@ -138,10 +242,187 @@ extern int rename_ref(const char *oldref, const char *newref, const char *logmsg
  */
 extern int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *path, const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
 
-/** lock a ref and then write its file */
-enum action_on_err { MSG_ON_ERR, DIE_ON_ERR, QUIET_ON_ERR };
-int update_ref(const char *action, const char *refname,
-		const unsigned char *sha1, const unsigned char *oldval,
-		int flags, enum action_on_err onerr);
+enum action_on_err {
+	UPDATE_REFS_MSG_ON_ERR,
+	UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR,
+	UPDATE_REFS_QUIET_ON_ERR
+};
+
+/*
+ * Begin a reference transaction.  The reference transaction must
+ * be freed by calling ref_transaction_free().
+ */
+struct ref_transaction *ref_transaction_begin(struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Reference transaction updates
+ *
+ * The following four functions add a reference check or update to a
+ * ref_transaction.  They have some common similar parameters:
+ *
+ *     transaction -- a pointer to an open ref_transaction, obtained
+ *         from ref_transaction_begin().
+ *
+ *     refname -- the name of the reference to be affected.
+ *
+ *     flags -- flags affecting the update, passed to
+ *         update_ref_lock(). Can be REF_NODEREF, which means that
+ *         symbolic references should not be followed.
+ *
+ *     msg -- a message describing the change (for the reflog).
+ *
+ *     err -- a strbuf for receiving a description of any error that
+ *         might have occured.
+ *
+ * The functions make internal copies of refname and msg, so the
+ * caller retains ownership of these parameters.
+ *
+ * The functions return 0 on success and non-zero on failure. A
+ * failure means that the transaction as a whole has failed and needs
+ * to be rolled back.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Add a reference update to transaction. new_sha1 is the value that
+ * the reference should have after the update, or null_sha1 if it
+ * should be deleted. If new_sha1 is NULL, then the reference is not
+ * changed at all. old_sha1 is the value that the reference must have
+ * before the update, or null_sha1 if it must not have existed
+ * beforehand. The old value is checked after the lock is taken to
+ * prevent races. If the old value doesn't agree with old_sha1, the
+ * whole transaction fails. If old_sha1 is NULL, then the previous
+ * value is not checked.
+ *
+ * See the above comment "Reference transaction updates" for more
+ * information.
+ */
+int ref_transaction_update(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Add a reference creation to transaction. new_sha1 is the value that
+ * the reference should have after the update; it must not be
+ * null_sha1. It is verified that the reference does not exist
+ * already.
+ *
+ * See the above comment "Reference transaction updates" for more
+ * information.
+ */
+int ref_transaction_create(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Add a reference deletion to transaction. If old_sha1 is non-NULL,
+ * then it holds the value that the reference should have had before
+ * the update (which must not be null_sha1).
+ *
+ * See the above comment "Reference transaction updates" for more
+ * information.
+ */
+int ref_transaction_delete(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags, const char *msg,
+			   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Verify, within a transaction, that refname has the value old_sha1,
+ * or, if old_sha1 is null_sha1, then verify that the reference
+ * doesn't exist. old_sha1 must be non-NULL.
+ *
+ * See the above comment "Reference transaction updates" for more
+ * information.
+ */
+int ref_transaction_verify(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   const char *refname,
+			   const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+			   unsigned int flags,
+			   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Commit all of the changes that have been queued in transaction, as
+ * atomically as possible.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 for success, or one of the below error codes for errors.
+ */
+/* Naming conflict (for example, the ref names A and A/B conflict). */
+#define TRANSACTION_NAME_CONFLICT -1
+/* All other errors. */
+#define TRANSACTION_GENERIC_ERROR -2
+int ref_transaction_commit(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
+			   struct strbuf *err);
+
+/*
+ * Free an existing transaction and all associated data.
+ */
+void ref_transaction_free(struct ref_transaction *transaction);
+
+/**
+ * Lock, update, and unlock a single reference. This function
+ * basically does a transaction containing a single call to
+ * ref_transaction_update(). The parameters to this function have the
+ * same meaning as the corresponding parameters to
+ * ref_transaction_update(). Handle errors as requested by the `onerr`
+ * argument.
+ */
+int update_ref(const char *msg, const char *refname,
+	       const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
+	       unsigned int flags, enum action_on_err onerr);
+
+extern int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *);
+extern int ref_is_hidden(const char *);
+
+enum expire_reflog_flags {
+	EXPIRE_REFLOGS_DRY_RUN = 1 << 0,
+	EXPIRE_REFLOGS_UPDATE_REF = 1 << 1,
+	EXPIRE_REFLOGS_VERBOSE = 1 << 2,
+	EXPIRE_REFLOGS_REWRITE = 1 << 3
+};
+
+/*
+ * The following interface is used for reflog expiration. The caller
+ * calls reflog_expire(), supplying it with three callback functions,
+ * of the following types. The callback functions define the
+ * expiration policy that is desired.
+ *
+ * reflog_expiry_prepare_fn -- Called once after the reference is
+ *     locked.
+ *
+ * reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn -- Called once for each entry in the
+ *     existing reflog. It should return true iff that entry should be
+ *     pruned.
+ *
+ * reflog_expiry_cleanup_fn -- Called once before the reference is
+ *     unlocked again.
+ */
+typedef void reflog_expiry_prepare_fn(const char *refname,
+				      const unsigned char *sha1,
+				      void *cb_data);
+typedef int reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn(unsigned char *osha1,
+					  unsigned char *nsha1,
+					  const char *email,
+					  unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+					  const char *message, void *cb_data);
+typedef void reflog_expiry_cleanup_fn(void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * Expire reflog entries for the specified reference. sha1 is the old
+ * value of the reference. flags is a combination of the constants in
+ * enum expire_reflog_flags. The three function pointers are described
+ * above. On success, return zero.
+ */
+extern int reflog_expire(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			 unsigned int flags,
+			 reflog_expiry_prepare_fn prepare_fn,
+			 reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn should_prune_fn,
+			 reflog_expiry_cleanup_fn cleanup_fn,
+			 void *policy_cb_data);
 
 #endif /* REFS_H */
diff --git a/remote-curl.c b/remote-curl.c
index d159fe7f34..af7b6786dc 100644
--- a/remote-curl.c
+++ b/remote-curl.c
@@ -6,20 +6,30 @@
 #include "exec_cmd.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "credential.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
 
 static struct remote *remote;
-static const char *url; /* always ends with a trailing slash */
+/* always ends with a trailing slash */
+static struct strbuf url = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 struct options {
 	int verbosity;
 	unsigned long depth;
 	unsigned progress : 1,
+		check_self_contained_and_connected : 1,
+		cloning : 1,
+		update_shallow : 1,
 		followtags : 1,
 		dry_run : 1,
-		thin : 1;
+		thin : 1,
+		push_cert : 1;
 };
 static struct options options;
+static struct string_list cas_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
 static int set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
@@ -66,7 +76,46 @@ static int set_option(const char *name, const char *value)
 			return -1;
 		return 0;
 	}
-	else {
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "check-connectivity")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.check_self_contained_and_connected = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.check_self_contained_and_connected = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else if (!strcmp(name, "cas")) {
+		struct strbuf val = STRBUF_INIT;
+		strbuf_addf(&val, "--" CAS_OPT_NAME "=%s", value);
+		string_list_append(&cas_options, val.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&val);
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, "cloning")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.cloning = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.cloning = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, "update-shallow")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.update_shallow = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.update_shallow = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, "pushcert")) {
+		if (!strcmp(value, "true"))
+			options.push_cert = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(value, "false"))
+			options.push_cert = 0;
+		else
+			return -1;
+		return 0;
+	} else {
 		return 1 /* unsupported */;
 	}
 }
@@ -76,135 +125,17 @@ struct discovery {
 	char *buf_alloc;
 	char *buf;
 	size_t len;
+	struct ref *refs;
+	struct sha1_array shallow;
 	unsigned proto_git : 1;
 };
 static struct discovery *last_discovery;
 
-static void free_discovery(struct discovery *d)
-{
-	if (d) {
-		if (d == last_discovery)
-			last_discovery = NULL;
-		free(d->buf_alloc);
-		free(d);
-	}
-}
-
-static struct discovery* discover_refs(const char *service)
-{
-	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct discovery *last = last_discovery;
-	char *refs_url;
-	int http_ret, is_http = 0, proto_git_candidate = 1;
-
-	if (last && !strcmp(service, last->service))
-		return last;
-	free_discovery(last);
-
-	strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%sinfo/refs", url);
-	if (!prefixcmp(url, "http://") || !prefixcmp(url, "https://")) {
-		is_http = 1;
-		if (!strchr(url, '?'))
-			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '?');
-		else
-			strbuf_addch(&buffer, '&');
-		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "service=%s", service);
-	}
-	refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
-
-	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
-
-	/* try again with "plain" url (no ? or & appended) */
-	if (http_ret != HTTP_OK && http_ret != HTTP_NOAUTH) {
-		free(refs_url);
-		strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-
-		proto_git_candidate = 0;
-		strbuf_addf(&buffer, "%sinfo/refs", url);
-		refs_url = strbuf_detach(&buffer, NULL);
-
-		http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url, &buffer, HTTP_NO_CACHE);
-	}
-
-	switch (http_ret) {
-	case HTTP_OK:
-		break;
-	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
-		die("%s not found: did you run git update-server-info on the"
-		    " server?", refs_url);
-	case HTTP_NOAUTH:
-		die("Authentication failed");
-	default:
-		http_error(refs_url, http_ret);
-		die("HTTP request failed");
-	}
-
-	last= xcalloc(1, sizeof(*last_discovery));
-	last->service = service;
-	last->buf_alloc = strbuf_detach(&buffer, &last->len);
-	last->buf = last->buf_alloc;
-
-	if (is_http && proto_git_candidate
-		&& 5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') {
-		/* smart HTTP response; validate that the service
-		 * pkt-line matches our request.
-		 */
-		struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
-
-		if (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) <= 0)
-			die("%s has invalid packet header", refs_url);
-		if (buffer.len && buffer.buf[buffer.len - 1] == '\n')
-			strbuf_setlen(&buffer, buffer.len - 1);
-
-		strbuf_addf(&exp, "# service=%s", service);
-		if (strbuf_cmp(&exp, &buffer))
-			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", buffer.buf);
-		strbuf_release(&exp);
-
-		/* The header can include additional metadata lines, up
-		 * until a packet flush marker.  Ignore these now, but
-		 * in the future we might start to scan them.
-		 */
-		strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-		while (packet_get_line(&buffer, &last->buf, &last->len) > 0)
-			strbuf_reset(&buffer);
-
-		last->proto_git = 1;
-	}
-
-	free(refs_url);
-	strbuf_release(&buffer);
-	last_discovery = last;
-	return last;
-}
-
-static int write_discovery(int in, int out, void *data)
-{
-	struct discovery *heads = data;
-	int err = 0;
-	if (write_in_full(out, heads->buf, heads->len) != heads->len)
-		err = 1;
-	close(out);
-	return err;
-}
-
 static struct ref *parse_git_refs(struct discovery *heads, int for_push)
 {
 	struct ref *list = NULL;
-	struct async async;
-
-	memset(&async, 0, sizeof(async));
-	async.proc = write_discovery;
-	async.data = heads;
-	async.out = -1;
-
-	if (start_async(&async))
-		die("cannot start thread to parse advertised refs");
-	get_remote_heads(async.out, &list,
-			for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, NULL);
-	close(async.out);
-	if (finish_async(&async))
-		die("ref parsing thread failed");
+	get_remote_heads(-1, heads->buf, heads->len, &list,
+			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, NULL, &heads->shallow);
 	return list;
 }
 
@@ -229,7 +160,8 @@ static struct ref *parse_info_refs(struct discovery *heads)
 			mid = &data[i];
 		if (data[i] == '\n') {
 			if (mid - start != 40)
-				die("%sinfo/refs not valid: is this a git repository?", url);
+				die("%sinfo/refs not valid: is this a git repository?",
+				    url.buf);
 			data[i] = 0;
 			ref_name = mid + 1;
 			ref = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref) +
@@ -248,7 +180,7 @@ static struct ref *parse_info_refs(struct discovery *heads)
 	}
 
 	ref = alloc_ref("HEAD");
-	if (!http_fetch_ref(url, ref) &&
+	if (!http_fetch_ref(url.buf, ref) &&
 	    !resolve_remote_symref(ref, refs)) {
 		ref->next = refs;
 		refs = ref;
@@ -259,18 +191,153 @@ static struct ref *parse_info_refs(struct discovery *heads)
 	return refs;
 }
 
+static void free_discovery(struct discovery *d)
+{
+	if (d) {
+		if (d == last_discovery)
+			last_discovery = NULL;
+		free(d->shallow.sha1);
+		free(d->buf_alloc);
+		free_refs(d->refs);
+		free(d);
+	}
+}
+
+static int show_http_message(struct strbuf *type, struct strbuf *charset,
+			     struct strbuf *msg)
+{
+	const char *p, *eol;
+
+	/*
+	 * We only show text/plain parts, as other types are likely
+	 * to be ugly to look at on the user's terminal.
+	 */
+	if (strcmp(type->buf, "text/plain"))
+		return -1;
+	if (charset->len)
+		strbuf_reencode(msg, charset->buf, get_log_output_encoding());
+
+	strbuf_trim(msg);
+	if (!msg->len)
+		return -1;
+
+	p = msg->buf;
+	do {
+		eol = strchrnul(p, '\n');
+		fprintf(stderr, "remote: %.*s\n", (int)(eol - p), p);
+		p = eol + 1;
+	} while(*eol);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct discovery *discover_refs(const char *service, int for_push)
+{
+	struct strbuf exp = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf type = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf charset = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buffer = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf refs_url = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf effective_url = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct discovery *last = last_discovery;
+	int http_ret, maybe_smart = 0;
+	struct http_get_options options;
+
+	if (last && !strcmp(service, last->service))
+		return last;
+	free_discovery(last);
+
+	strbuf_addf(&refs_url, "%sinfo/refs", url.buf);
+	if ((starts_with(url.buf, "http://") || starts_with(url.buf, "https://")) &&
+	     git_env_bool("GIT_SMART_HTTP", 1)) {
+		maybe_smart = 1;
+		if (!strchr(url.buf, '?'))
+			strbuf_addch(&refs_url, '?');
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(&refs_url, '&');
+		strbuf_addf(&refs_url, "service=%s", service);
+	}
+
+	memset(&options, 0, sizeof(options));
+	options.content_type = &type;
+	options.charset = &charset;
+	options.effective_url = &effective_url;
+	options.base_url = &url;
+	options.no_cache = 1;
+	options.keep_error = 1;
+
+	http_ret = http_get_strbuf(refs_url.buf, &buffer, &options);
+	switch (http_ret) {
+	case HTTP_OK:
+		break;
+	case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET:
+		show_http_message(&type, &charset, &buffer);
+		die("repository '%s' not found", url.buf);
+	case HTTP_NOAUTH:
+		show_http_message(&type, &charset, &buffer);
+		die("Authentication failed for '%s'", url.buf);
+	default:
+		show_http_message(&type, &charset, &buffer);
+		die("unable to access '%s': %s", url.buf, curl_errorstr);
+	}
+
+	last= xcalloc(1, sizeof(*last_discovery));
+	last->service = service;
+	last->buf_alloc = strbuf_detach(&buffer, &last->len);
+	last->buf = last->buf_alloc;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&exp, "application/x-%s-advertisement", service);
+	if (maybe_smart &&
+	    (5 <= last->len && last->buf[4] == '#') &&
+	    !strbuf_cmp(&exp, &type)) {
+		char *line;
+
+		/*
+		 * smart HTTP response; validate that the service
+		 * pkt-line matches our request.
+		 */
+		line = packet_read_line_buf(&last->buf, &last->len, NULL);
+
+		strbuf_reset(&exp);
+		strbuf_addf(&exp, "# service=%s", service);
+		if (strcmp(line, exp.buf))
+			die("invalid server response; got '%s'", line);
+		strbuf_release(&exp);
+
+		/* The header can include additional metadata lines, up
+		 * until a packet flush marker.  Ignore these now, but
+		 * in the future we might start to scan them.
+		 */
+		while (packet_read_line_buf(&last->buf, &last->len, NULL))
+			;
+
+		last->proto_git = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (last->proto_git)
+		last->refs = parse_git_refs(last, for_push);
+	else
+		last->refs = parse_info_refs(last);
+
+	strbuf_release(&refs_url);
+	strbuf_release(&exp);
+	strbuf_release(&type);
+	strbuf_release(&charset);
+	strbuf_release(&effective_url);
+	strbuf_release(&buffer);
+	last_discovery = last;
+	return last;
+}
+
 static struct ref *get_refs(int for_push)
 {
 	struct discovery *heads;
 
 	if (for_push)
-		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+		heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack", for_push);
 	else
-		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+		heads = discover_refs("git-upload-pack", for_push);
 
-	if (heads->proto_git)
-		return parse_git_refs(heads, for_push);
-	return parse_info_refs(heads);
+	return heads->refs;
 }
 
 static void output_refs(struct ref *refs)
@@ -284,12 +351,12 @@ static void output_refs(struct ref *refs)
 	}
 	printf("\n");
 	fflush(stdout);
-	free_refs(refs);
 }
 
 struct rpc_state {
 	const char *service_name;
 	const char **argv;
+	struct strbuf *stdin_preamble;
 	char *service_url;
 	char *hdr_content_type;
 	char *hdr_accept;
@@ -313,7 +380,7 @@ static size_t rpc_out(void *ptr, size_t eltsize,
 
 	if (!avail) {
 		rpc->initial_buffer = 0;
-		avail = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		avail = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc, 0);
 		if (!avail)
 			return 0;
 		rpc->pos = 0;
@@ -341,7 +408,7 @@ static curlioerr rpc_ioctl(CURL *handle, int cmd, void *clientp)
 			rpc->pos = 0;
 			return CURLIOE_OK;
 		}
-		fprintf(stderr, "Unable to rewind rpc post data - try increasing http.postBuffer\n");
+		error("unable to rewind rpc post data - try increasing http.postBuffer");
 		return CURLIOE_FAILRESTART;
 
 	default:
@@ -359,24 +426,26 @@ static size_t rpc_in(char *ptr, size_t eltsize,
 	return size;
 }
 
-static int run_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot)
+static int run_slot(struct active_request_slot *slot,
+		    struct slot_results *results)
 {
-	int err = 0;
-	struct slot_results results;
+	int err;
+	struct slot_results results_buf;
 
-	slot->results = &results;
-	slot->curl_result = curl_easy_perform(slot->curl);
-	finish_active_slot(slot);
+	if (!results)
+		results = &results_buf;
 
-	if (results.curl_result != CURLE_OK) {
-		err |= error("RPC failed; result=%d, HTTP code = %ld",
-			results.curl_result, results.http_code);
+	err = run_one_slot(slot, results);
+
+	if (err != HTTP_OK && err != HTTP_REAUTH) {
+		error("RPC failed; result=%d, HTTP code = %ld",
+		      results->curl_result, results->http_code);
 	}
 
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int probe_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
+static int probe_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct slot_results *results)
 {
 	struct active_request_slot *slot;
 	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
@@ -391,14 +460,14 @@ static int probe_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, rpc->service_url);
-	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "");
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, NULL);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "0000");
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, 4);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, fwrite_buffer);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, &buf);
 
-	err = run_slot(slot);
+	err = run_slot(slot, results);
 
 	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -411,7 +480,9 @@ static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 	struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
 	int use_gzip = rpc->gzip_request;
 	char *gzip_body = NULL;
+	size_t gzip_size = 0;
 	int err, large_request = 0;
+	int needs_100_continue = 0;
 
 	/* Try to load the entire request, if we can fit it into the
 	 * allocated buffer space we can use HTTP/1.0 and avoid the
@@ -428,28 +499,39 @@ static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 			break;
 		}
 
-		n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, buf, left);
+		n = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, buf, left, 0);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
 		rpc->len += n;
 	}
 
 	if (large_request) {
-		err = probe_rpc(rpc);
-		if (err)
-			return err;
+		struct slot_results results;
+
+		do {
+			err = probe_rpc(rpc, &results);
+			if (err == HTTP_REAUTH)
+				credential_fill(&http_auth);
+		} while (err == HTTP_REAUTH);
+		if (err != HTTP_OK)
+			return -1;
+
+		if (results.auth_avail & CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE)
+			needs_100_continue = 1;
 	}
 
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_content_type);
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_accept);
+	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, needs_100_continue ?
+		"Expect: 100-continue" : "Expect:");
+
+retry:
 	slot = get_active_slot();
 
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 0);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_URL, rpc->service_url);
-	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "");
-
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_content_type);
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, rpc->hdr_accept);
-	headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Expect:");
+	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_ENCODING, "gzip");
 
 	if (large_request) {
 		/* The request body is large and the size cannot be predicted.
@@ -468,24 +550,31 @@ static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 			fflush(stderr);
 		}
 
+	} else if (gzip_body) {
+		/*
+		 * If we are looping to retry authentication, then the previous
+		 * run will have set up the headers and gzip buffer already,
+		 * and we just need to send it.
+		 */
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, gzip_body);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, gzip_size);
+
 	} else if (use_gzip && 1024 < rpc->len) {
 		/* The client backend isn't giving us compressed data so
 		 * we can try to deflate it ourselves, this may save on.
 		 * the transfer time.
 		 */
-		size_t size;
 		git_zstream stream;
 		int ret;
 
-		memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 		git_deflate_init_gzip(&stream, Z_BEST_COMPRESSION);
-		size = git_deflate_bound(&stream, rpc->len);
-		gzip_body = xmalloc(size);
+		gzip_size = git_deflate_bound(&stream, rpc->len);
+		gzip_body = xmalloc(gzip_size);
 
 		stream.next_in = (unsigned char *)rpc->buf;
 		stream.avail_in = rpc->len;
 		stream.next_out = (unsigned char *)gzip_body;
-		stream.avail_out = size;
+		stream.avail_out = gzip_size;
 
 		ret = git_deflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
 		if (ret != Z_STREAM_END)
@@ -495,16 +584,16 @@ static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 		if (ret != Z_OK)
 			die("cannot deflate request; zlib end error %d", ret);
 
-		size = stream.total_out;
+		gzip_size = stream.total_out;
 
 		headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Content-Encoding: gzip");
 		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, gzip_body);
-		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, size);
+		curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, gzip_size);
 
 		if (options.verbosity > 1) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "POST %s (gzip %lu to %lu bytes)\n",
 				rpc->service_name,
-				(unsigned long)rpc->len, (unsigned long)size);
+				(unsigned long)rpc->len, (unsigned long)gzip_size);
 			fflush(stderr);
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -524,7 +613,13 @@ static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state *rpc)
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, rpc_in);
 	curl_easy_setopt(slot->curl, CURLOPT_FILE, rpc);
 
-	err = run_slot(slot);
+	err = run_slot(slot, NULL);
+	if (err == HTTP_REAUTH && !large_request) {
+		credential_fill(&http_auth);
+		goto retry;
+	}
+	if (err != HTTP_OK)
+		err = -1;
 
 	curl_slist_free_all(headers);
 	free(gzip_body);
@@ -535,16 +630,18 @@ static int rpc_service(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct discovery *heads)
 {
 	const char *svc = rpc->service_name;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct child_process client;
+	struct strbuf *preamble = rpc->stdin_preamble;
+	struct child_process client = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	memset(&client, 0, sizeof(client));
 	client.in = -1;
 	client.out = -1;
 	client.git_cmd = 1;
 	client.argv = rpc->argv;
 	if (start_command(&client))
 		exit(1);
+	if (preamble)
+		write_or_die(client.in, preamble->buf, preamble->len);
 	if (heads)
 		write_or_die(client.in, heads->buf, heads->len);
 
@@ -554,7 +651,7 @@ static int rpc_service(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct discovery *heads)
 	rpc->out = client.out;
 	strbuf_init(&rpc->result, 0);
 
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s", url, svc);
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s", url.buf, svc);
 	rpc->service_url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
 	strbuf_addf(&buf, "Content-Type: application/x-%s-request", svc);
@@ -564,7 +661,7 @@ static int rpc_service(struct rpc_state *rpc, struct discovery *heads)
 	rpc->hdr_accept = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 
 	while (!err) {
-		int n = packet_read_line(rpc->out, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc);
+		int n = packet_read(rpc->out, NULL, NULL, rpc->buf, rpc->alloc, 0);
 		if (!n)
 			break;
 		rpc->pos = 0;
@@ -606,7 +703,7 @@ static int fetch_dumb(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
 		targets[i] = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(to_fetch[i]->old_sha1));
 
-	walker = get_http_walker(url);
+	walker = get_http_walker(url.buf);
 	walker->get_all = 1;
 	walker->get_tree = 1;
 	walker->get_history = 1;
@@ -619,20 +716,21 @@ static int fetch_dumb(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 		free(targets[i]);
 	free(targets);
 
-	return ret ? error("Fetch failed.") : 0;
+	return ret ? error("fetch failed.") : 0;
 }
 
 static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
 	int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
 	struct rpc_state rpc;
+	struct strbuf preamble = STRBUF_INIT;
 	char *depth_arg = NULL;
-	const char **argv;
 	int argc = 0, i, err;
+	const char *argv[17];
 
-	argv = xmalloc((15 + nr_heads) * sizeof(char*));
 	argv[argc++] = "fetch-pack";
 	argv[argc++] = "--stateless-rpc";
+	argv[argc++] = "--stdin";
 	argv[argc++] = "--lock-pack";
 	if (options.followtags)
 		argv[argc++] = "--include-tag";
@@ -642,6 +740,12 @@ static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
 		argv[argc++] = "-v";
 		argv[argc++] = "-v";
 	}
+	if (options.check_self_contained_and_connected)
+		argv[argc++] = "--check-self-contained-and-connected";
+	if (options.cloning)
+		argv[argc++] = "--cloning";
+	if (options.update_shallow)
+		argv[argc++] = "--update-shallow";
 	if (!options.progress)
 		argv[argc++] = "--no-progress";
 	if (options.depth) {
@@ -650,32 +754,36 @@ static int fetch_git(struct discovery *heads,
 		depth_arg = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 		argv[argc++] = depth_arg;
 	}
-	argv[argc++] = url;
+	argv[argc++] = url.buf;
+	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
 		struct ref *ref = to_fetch[i];
-		if (!ref->name || !*ref->name)
+		if (!*ref->name)
 			die("cannot fetch by sha1 over smart http");
-		argv[argc++] = ref->name;
+		packet_buf_write(&preamble, "%s %s\n",
+				 sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1), ref->name);
 	}
-	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+	packet_buf_flush(&preamble);
 
 	memset(&rpc, 0, sizeof(rpc));
 	rpc.service_name = "git-upload-pack",
 	rpc.argv = argv;
+	rpc.stdin_preamble = &preamble;
 	rpc.gzip_request = 1;
 
 	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
 	if (rpc.result.len)
-		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+		write_or_die(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
-	free(argv);
+	strbuf_release(&preamble);
 	free(depth_arg);
 	return err;
 }
 
 static int fetch(int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
-	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
+	struct discovery *d = discover_refs("git-upload-pack", 0);
 	if (d->proto_git)
 		return fetch_git(d, nr_heads, to_fetch);
 	else
@@ -690,9 +798,9 @@ static void parse_fetch(struct strbuf *buf)
 	int alloc_heads = 0, nr_heads = 0;
 
 	do {
-		if (!prefixcmp(buf->buf, "fetch ")) {
-			char *p = buf->buf + strlen("fetch ");
-			char *name;
+		const char *p;
+		if (skip_prefix(buf->buf, "fetch ", &p)) {
+			const char *name;
 			struct ref *ref;
 			unsigned char old_sha1[20];
 
@@ -745,7 +853,7 @@ static int push_dav(int nr_spec, char **specs)
 		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
 	if (options.verbosity > 1)
 		argv[argc++] = "--verbose";
-	argv[argc++] = url;
+	argv[argc++] = url.buf;
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
 		argv[argc++] = specs[i];
 	argv[argc++] = NULL;
@@ -759,41 +867,52 @@ static int push_dav(int nr_spec, char **specs)
 static int push_git(struct discovery *heads, int nr_spec, char **specs)
 {
 	struct rpc_state rpc;
-	const char **argv;
-	int argc = 0, i, err;
+	int i, err;
+	struct argv_array args;
+	struct string_list_item *cas_option;
+	struct strbuf preamble = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	argv_array_init(&args);
+	argv_array_pushl(&args, "send-pack", "--stateless-rpc", "--helper-status",
+			 NULL);
 
-	argv = xmalloc((10 + nr_spec) * sizeof(char*));
-	argv[argc++] = "send-pack";
-	argv[argc++] = "--stateless-rpc";
-	argv[argc++] = "--helper-status";
 	if (options.thin)
-		argv[argc++] = "--thin";
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--thin");
 	if (options.dry_run)
-		argv[argc++] = "--dry-run";
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--dry-run");
+	if (options.push_cert)
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--signed");
 	if (options.verbosity == 0)
-		argv[argc++] = "--quiet";
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--quiet");
 	else if (options.verbosity > 1)
-		argv[argc++] = "--verbose";
-	argv[argc++] = url;
+		argv_array_push(&args, "--verbose");
+	argv_array_push(&args, options.progress ? "--progress" : "--no-progress");
+	for_each_string_list_item(cas_option, &cas_options)
+		argv_array_push(&args, cas_option->string);
+	argv_array_push(&args, url.buf);
+
+	argv_array_push(&args, "--stdin");
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_spec; i++)
-		argv[argc++] = specs[i];
-	argv[argc++] = NULL;
+		packet_buf_write(&preamble, "%s\n", specs[i]);
+	packet_buf_flush(&preamble);
 
 	memset(&rpc, 0, sizeof(rpc));
 	rpc.service_name = "git-receive-pack",
-	rpc.argv = argv;
+	rpc.argv = args.argv;
+	rpc.stdin_preamble = &preamble;
 
 	err = rpc_service(&rpc, heads);
 	if (rpc.result.len)
-		safe_write(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
+		write_or_die(1, rpc.result.buf, rpc.result.len);
 	strbuf_release(&rpc.result);
-	free(argv);
+	strbuf_release(&preamble);
+	argv_array_clear(&args);
 	return err;
 }
 
 static int push(int nr_spec, char **specs)
 {
-	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
+	struct discovery *heads = discover_refs("git-receive-pack", 1);
 	int ret;
 
 	if (heads->proto_git)
@@ -810,7 +929,7 @@ static void parse_push(struct strbuf *buf)
 	int alloc_spec = 0, nr_spec = 0, i, ret;
 
 	do {
-		if (!prefixcmp(buf->buf, "push ")) {
+		if (starts_with(buf->buf, "push ")) {
 			ALLOC_GROW(specs, nr_spec + 1, alloc_spec);
 			specs[nr_spec++] = xstrdup(buf->buf + 5);
 		}
@@ -842,10 +961,12 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int nongit;
 
+	git_setup_gettext();
+
 	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
 	setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit);
 	if (argc < 2) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Remote needed\n");
+		error("remote-curl: usage: git remote-curl <remote> [<url>]");
 		return 1;
 	}
 
@@ -856,40 +977,37 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
 
 	if (argc > 2) {
-		end_url_with_slash(&buf, argv[2]);
+		end_url_with_slash(&url, argv[2]);
 	} else {
-		end_url_with_slash(&buf, remote->url[0]);
+		end_url_with_slash(&url, remote->url[0]);
 	}
 
-	url = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-
-	http_init(remote, url, 0);
+	http_init(remote, url.buf, 0);
 
 	do {
+		const char *arg;
+
 		if (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF) {
 			if (ferror(stdin))
-				fprintf(stderr, "Error reading command stream\n");
-			else
-				fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected end of command stream\n");
+				error("remote-curl: error reading command stream from git");
 			return 1;
 		}
 		if (buf.len == 0)
 			break;
-		if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "fetch ")) {
+		if (starts_with(buf.buf, "fetch ")) {
 			if (nongit)
-				die("Fetch attempted without a local repo");
+				die("remote-curl: fetch attempted without a local repo");
 			parse_fetch(&buf);
 
-		} else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "list") || !prefixcmp(buf.buf, "list ")) {
+		} else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "list") || starts_with(buf.buf, "list ")) {
 			int for_push = !!strstr(buf.buf + 4, "for-push");
 			output_refs(get_refs(for_push));
 
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "push ")) {
+		} else if (starts_with(buf.buf, "push ")) {
 			parse_push(&buf);
 
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "option ")) {
-			char *name = buf.buf + strlen("option ");
-			char *value = strchr(name, ' ');
+		} else if (skip_prefix(buf.buf, "option ", &arg)) {
+			char *value = strchr(arg, ' ');
 			int result;
 
 			if (value)
@@ -897,7 +1015,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 			else
 				value = "true";
 
-			result = set_option(name, value);
+			result = set_option(arg, value);
 			if (!result)
 				printf("ok\n");
 			else if (result < 0)
@@ -910,10 +1028,11 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 			printf("fetch\n");
 			printf("option\n");
 			printf("push\n");
+			printf("check-connectivity\n");
 			printf("\n");
 			fflush(stdout);
 		} else {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Unknown command '%s'\n", buf.buf);
+			error("remote-curl: unknown command '%s' from git", buf.buf);
 			return 1;
 		}
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
diff --git a/remote-testsvn.c b/remote-testsvn.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48bf6eb93b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/remote-testsvn.c
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "url.h"
+#include "exec_cmd.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "vcs-svn/svndump.h"
+#include "notes.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
+static const char *url;
+static int dump_from_file;
+static const char *private_ref;
+static const char *remote_ref = "refs/heads/master";
+static const char *marksfilename, *notes_ref;
+struct rev_note { unsigned int rev_nr; };
+
+static int cmd_capabilities(const char *line);
+static int cmd_import(const char *line);
+static int cmd_list(const char *line);
+
+typedef int (*input_command_handler)(const char *);
+struct input_command_entry {
+	const char *name;
+	input_command_handler fn;
+	unsigned char batchable;	/* whether the command starts or is part of a batch */
+};
+
+static const struct input_command_entry input_command_list[] = {
+	{ "capabilities", cmd_capabilities, 0 },
+	{ "import", cmd_import, 1 },
+	{ "list", cmd_list, 0 },
+	{ NULL, NULL }
+};
+
+static int cmd_capabilities(const char *line)
+{
+	printf("import\n");
+	printf("bidi-import\n");
+	printf("refspec %s:%s\n\n", remote_ref, private_ref);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void terminate_batch(void)
+{
+	/* terminate a current batch's fast-import stream */
+	printf("done\n");
+	fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+/* NOTE: 'ref' refers to a git reference, while 'rev' refers to a svn revision. */
+static char *read_ref_note(const unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	const unsigned char *note_sha1;
+	char *msg = NULL;
+	unsigned long msglen;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	init_notes(NULL, notes_ref, NULL, 0);
+	if (!(note_sha1 = get_note(NULL, sha1)))
+		return NULL;	/* note tree not found */
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(note_sha1, &type, &msglen)))
+		error("Empty notes tree. %s", notes_ref);
+	else if (!msglen || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		error("Note contains unusable content. "
+			"Is something else using this notes tree? %s", notes_ref);
+		free(msg);
+		msg = NULL;
+	}
+	free_notes(NULL);
+	return msg;
+}
+
+static int parse_rev_note(const char *msg, struct rev_note *res)
+{
+	const char *key, *value, *end;
+	size_t len;
+
+	while (*msg) {
+		end = strchrnul(msg, '\n');
+		len = end - msg;
+
+		key = "Revision-number: ";
+		if (starts_with(msg, key)) {
+			long i;
+			char *end;
+			value = msg + strlen(key);
+			i = strtol(value, &end, 0);
+			if (end == value || i < 0 || i > UINT32_MAX)
+				return -1;
+			res->rev_nr = i;
+			return 0;
+		}
+		msg += len + 1;
+	}
+	/* didn't find it */
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int note2mark_cb(const unsigned char *object_sha1,
+		const unsigned char *note_sha1, char *note_path,
+		void *cb_data)
+{
+	FILE *file = (FILE *)cb_data;
+	char *msg;
+	unsigned long msglen;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct rev_note note;
+
+	if (!(msg = read_sha1_file(note_sha1, &type, &msglen)) ||
+			!msglen || type != OBJ_BLOB) {
+		free(msg);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (parse_rev_note(msg, &note))
+		return 2;
+	if (fprintf(file, ":%d %s\n", note.rev_nr, sha1_to_hex(object_sha1)) < 1)
+		return 3;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void regenerate_marks(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	FILE *marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "w+");
+
+	if (!marksfile)
+		die_errno("Couldn't create mark file %s.", marksfilename);
+	ret = for_each_note(NULL, 0, note2mark_cb, marksfile);
+	if (ret)
+		die("Regeneration of marks failed, returned %d.", ret);
+	fclose(marksfile);
+}
+
+static void check_or_regenerate_marks(int latestrev)
+{
+	FILE *marksfile;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int found = 0;
+
+	if (latestrev < 1)
+		return;
+
+	init_notes(NULL, notes_ref, NULL, 0);
+	marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "r");
+	if (!marksfile) {
+		regenerate_marks();
+		marksfile = fopen(marksfilename, "r");
+		if (!marksfile)
+			die_errno("cannot read marks file %s!", marksfilename);
+		fclose(marksfile);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, ":%d ", latestrev);
+		while (strbuf_getline(&line, marksfile, '\n') != EOF) {
+			if (starts_with(line.buf, sb.buf)) {
+				found++;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		fclose(marksfile);
+		if (!found)
+			regenerate_marks();
+	}
+	free_notes(NULL);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&line);
+}
+
+static int cmd_import(const char *line)
+{
+	int code;
+	int dumpin_fd;
+	char *note_msg;
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	unsigned int startrev;
+	struct child_process svndump_proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *command = "svnrdump";
+
+	if (read_ref(private_ref, head_sha1))
+		startrev = 0;
+	else {
+		note_msg = read_ref_note(head_sha1);
+		if(note_msg == NULL) {
+			warning("No note found for %s.", private_ref);
+			startrev = 0;
+		} else {
+			struct rev_note note = { 0 };
+			if (parse_rev_note(note_msg, &note))
+				die("Revision number couldn't be parsed from note.");
+			startrev = note.rev_nr + 1;
+			free(note_msg);
+		}
+	}
+	check_or_regenerate_marks(startrev - 1);
+
+	if (dump_from_file) {
+		dumpin_fd = open(url, O_RDONLY);
+		if(dumpin_fd < 0)
+			die_errno("Couldn't open svn dump file %s.", url);
+	} else {
+		svndump_proc.out = -1;
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_proc.args, command);
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_proc.args, "dump");
+		argv_array_push(&svndump_proc.args, url);
+		argv_array_pushf(&svndump_proc.args, "-r%u:HEAD", startrev);
+
+		code = start_command(&svndump_proc);
+		if (code)
+			die("Unable to start %s, code %d", command, code);
+		dumpin_fd = svndump_proc.out;
+	}
+	/* setup marks file import/export */
+	printf("feature import-marks-if-exists=%s\n"
+			"feature export-marks=%s\n", marksfilename, marksfilename);
+
+	svndump_init_fd(dumpin_fd, STDIN_FILENO);
+	svndump_read(url, private_ref, notes_ref);
+	svndump_deinit();
+	svndump_reset();
+
+	close(dumpin_fd);
+	if (!dump_from_file) {
+		code = finish_command(&svndump_proc);
+		if (code)
+			warning("%s, returned %d", command, code);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int cmd_list(const char *line)
+{
+	printf("? %s\n\n", remote_ref);
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_command(struct strbuf *line)
+{
+	const struct input_command_entry *p = input_command_list;
+	static struct string_list batchlines = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	static const struct input_command_entry *batch_cmd;
+	/*
+	 * commands can be grouped together in a batch.
+	 * Batches are ended by \n. If no batch is active the program ends.
+	 * During a batch all lines are buffered and passed to the handler function
+	 * when the batch is terminated.
+	 */
+	if (line->len == 0) {
+		if (batch_cmd) {
+			struct string_list_item *item;
+			for_each_string_list_item(item, &batchlines)
+				batch_cmd->fn(item->string);
+			terminate_batch();
+			batch_cmd = NULL;
+			string_list_clear(&batchlines, 0);
+			return 0;	/* end of the batch, continue reading other commands. */
+		}
+		return 1;	/* end of command stream, quit */
+	}
+	if (batch_cmd) {
+		if (!starts_with(batch_cmd->name, line->buf))
+			die("Active %s batch interrupted by %s", batch_cmd->name, line->buf);
+		/* buffer batch lines */
+		string_list_append(&batchlines, line->buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	for (p = input_command_list; p->name; p++) {
+		if (starts_with(line->buf, p->name) && (strlen(p->name) == line->len ||
+				line->buf[strlen(p->name)] == ' ')) {
+			if (p->batchable) {
+				batch_cmd = p;
+				string_list_append(&batchlines, line->buf);
+				return 0;
+			}
+			return p->fn(line->buf);
+		}
+	}
+	die("Unknown command '%s'\n", line->buf);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, url_sb = STRBUF_INIT,
+			private_ref_sb = STRBUF_INIT, marksfilename_sb = STRBUF_INIT,
+			notes_ref_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct remote *remote;
+	const char *url_in;
+
+	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
+	setup_git_directory();
+	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
+		usage("git-remote-svn <remote-name> [<url>]");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	remote = remote_get(argv[1]);
+	url_in = (argc == 3) ? argv[2] : remote->url[0];
+
+	if (starts_with(url_in, "file://")) {
+		dump_from_file = 1;
+		url = url_decode(url_in + sizeof("file://")-1);
+	} else {
+		dump_from_file = 0;
+		end_url_with_slash(&url_sb, url_in);
+		url = url_sb.buf;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&private_ref_sb, "refs/svn/%s/master", remote->name);
+	private_ref = private_ref_sb.buf;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&notes_ref_sb, "refs/notes/%s/revs", remote->name);
+	notes_ref = notes_ref_sb.buf;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&marksfilename_sb, "%s/info/fast-import/remote-svn/%s.marks",
+		get_git_dir(), remote->name);
+	marksfilename = marksfilename_sb.buf;
+
+	while (1) {
+		if (strbuf_getline(&buf, stdin, '\n') == EOF) {
+			if (ferror(stdin))
+				die("Error reading command stream");
+			else
+				die("Unexpected end of command stream");
+		}
+		if (do_command(&buf))
+			break;
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	strbuf_release(&url_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&private_ref_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&notes_ref_sb);
+	strbuf_release(&marksfilename_sb);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/remote.c b/remote.c
index b296d17404..68901b0070 100644
--- a/remote.c
+++ b/remote.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
 
 enum map_direction { FROM_SRC, FROM_DST };
 
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ static struct refspec s_tag_refspec = {
 	0,
 	1,
 	0,
+	0,
 	"refs/tags/*",
 	"refs/tags/*"
 };
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ struct rewrites {
 static struct remote **remotes;
 static int remotes_alloc;
 static int remotes_nr;
+static struct hashmap remotes_hash;
 
 static struct branch **branches;
 static int branches_alloc;
@@ -47,6 +50,8 @@ static int branches_nr;
 
 static struct branch *current_branch;
 static const char *default_remote_name;
+static const char *branch_pushremote_name;
+static const char *pushremote_name;
 static int explicit_default_remote_name;
 
 static struct rewrites rewrites;
@@ -73,7 +78,7 @@ static const char *alias_url(const char *url, struct rewrites *r)
 		if (!r->rewrite[i])
 			continue;
 		for (j = 0; j < r->rewrite[i]->instead_of_nr; j++) {
-			if (!prefixcmp(url, r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j].s) &&
+			if (starts_with(url, r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j].s) &&
 			    (!longest ||
 			     longest->len < r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j].len)) {
 				longest = &(r->rewrite[i]->instead_of[j]);
@@ -132,25 +137,51 @@ static void add_url_alias(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
 	add_pushurl_alias(remote, url);
 }
 
+struct remotes_hash_key {
+	const char *str;
+	int len;
+};
+
+static int remotes_hash_cmp(const struct remote *a, const struct remote *b, const struct remotes_hash_key *key)
+{
+	if (key)
+		return strncmp(a->name, key->str, key->len) || a->name[key->len];
+	else
+		return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static inline void init_remotes_hash(void)
+{
+	if (!remotes_hash.cmpfn)
+		hashmap_init(&remotes_hash, (hashmap_cmp_fn)remotes_hash_cmp, 0);
+}
+
 static struct remote *make_remote(const char *name, int len)
 {
-	struct remote *ret;
-	int i;
+	struct remote *ret, *replaced;
+	struct remotes_hash_key lookup;
+	struct hashmap_entry lookup_entry;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < remotes_nr; i++) {
-		if (len ? (!strncmp(name, remotes[i]->name, len) &&
-			   !remotes[i]->name[len]) :
-		    !strcmp(name, remotes[i]->name))
-			return remotes[i];
-	}
+	if (!len)
+		len = strlen(name);
+
+	init_remotes_hash();
+	lookup.str = name;
+	lookup.len = len;
+	hashmap_entry_init(&lookup_entry, memhash(name, len));
+
+	if ((ret = hashmap_get(&remotes_hash, &lookup_entry, &lookup)) != NULL)
+		return ret;
 
 	ret = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct remote));
+	ret->prune = -1;  /* unspecified */
 	ALLOC_GROW(remotes, remotes_nr + 1, remotes_alloc);
 	remotes[remotes_nr++] = ret;
-	if (len)
-		ret->name = xstrndup(name, len);
-	else
-		ret->name = xstrdup(name);
+	ret->name = xstrndup(name, len);
+
+	hashmap_entry_init(ret, lookup_entry.hash);
+	replaced = hashmap_put(&remotes_hash, ret);
+	assert(replaced == NULL);  /* no previous entry overwritten */
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -165,7 +196,6 @@ static struct branch *make_branch(const char *name, int len)
 {
 	struct branch *ret;
 	int i;
-	char *refname;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < branches_nr; i++) {
 		if (len ? (!strncmp(name, branches[i]->name, len) &&
@@ -181,10 +211,7 @@ static struct branch *make_branch(const char *name, int len)
 		ret->name = xstrndup(name, len);
 	else
 		ret->name = xstrdup(name);
-	refname = xmalloc(strlen(name) + strlen("refs/heads/") + 1);
-	strcpy(refname, "refs/heads/");
-	strcpy(refname + strlen("refs/heads/"), ret->name);
-	ret->refname = refname;
+	ret->refname = xstrfmt("refs/heads/%s", ret->name);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -235,13 +262,13 @@ static void read_remotes_file(struct remote *remote)
 		int value_list;
 		char *s, *p;
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "URL:")) {
+		if (starts_with(buffer, "URL:")) {
 			value_list = 0;
 			s = buffer + 4;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "Push:")) {
+		} else if (starts_with(buffer, "Push:")) {
 			value_list = 1;
 			s = buffer + 5;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(buffer, "Pull:")) {
+		} else if (starts_with(buffer, "Pull:")) {
 			value_list = 2;
 			s = buffer + 5;
 		} else
@@ -273,10 +300,9 @@ static void read_remotes_file(struct remote *remote)
 
 static void read_branches_file(struct remote *remote)
 {
-	const char *slash = strchr(remote->name, '/');
 	char *frag;
 	struct strbuf branch = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int n = slash ? slash - remote->name : 1000;
+	int n = 1000;
 	FILE *f = fopen(git_path("branches/%.*s", n, remote->name), "r");
 	char *s, *p;
 	int len;
@@ -296,21 +322,11 @@ static void read_branches_file(struct remote *remote)
 	while (isspace(p[-1]))
 		*--p = 0;
 	len = p - s;
-	if (slash)
-		len += strlen(slash);
 	p = xmalloc(len + 1);
 	strcpy(p, s);
-	if (slash)
-		strcat(p, slash);
 
 	/*
-	 * With "slash", e.g. "git fetch jgarzik/netdev-2.6" when
-	 * reading from $GIT_DIR/branches/jgarzik fetches "HEAD" from
-	 * the partial URL obtained from the branches file plus
-	 * "/netdev-2.6" and does not store it in any tracking ref.
-	 * #branch specifier in the file is ignored.
-	 *
-	 * Otherwise, the branches file would have URL and optionally
+	 * The branches file would have URL and optionally
 	 * #branch specified.  The "master" (or specified) branch is
 	 * fetched and stored in the local branch of the same name.
 	 */
@@ -320,12 +336,8 @@ static void read_branches_file(struct remote *remote)
 		strbuf_addf(&branch, "refs/heads/%s", frag);
 	} else
 		strbuf_addstr(&branch, "refs/heads/master");
-	if (!slash) {
-		strbuf_addf(&branch, ":refs/heads/%s", remote->name);
-	} else {
-		strbuf_reset(&branch);
-		strbuf_addstr(&branch, "HEAD:");
-	}
+
+	strbuf_addf(&branch, ":refs/heads/%s", remote->name);
 	add_url_alias(remote, p);
 	add_fetch_refspec(remote, strbuf_detach(&branch, NULL));
 	/*
@@ -348,20 +360,23 @@ static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 	const char *subkey;
 	struct remote *remote;
 	struct branch *branch;
-	if (!prefixcmp(key, "branch.")) {
+	if (starts_with(key, "branch.")) {
 		name = key + 7;
 		subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
 		if (!subkey)
 			return 0;
 		branch = make_branch(name, subkey - name);
 		if (!strcmp(subkey, ".remote")) {
-			if (!value)
-				return config_error_nonbool(key);
-			branch->remote_name = xstrdup(value);
+			if (git_config_string(&branch->remote_name, key, value))
+				return -1;
 			if (branch == current_branch) {
 				default_remote_name = branch->remote_name;
 				explicit_default_remote_name = 1;
 			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".pushremote")) {
+			if (branch == current_branch)
+				if (git_config_string(&branch_pushremote_name, key, value))
+					return -1;
 		} else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".merge")) {
 			if (!value)
 				return config_error_nonbool(key);
@@ -369,7 +384,7 @@ static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
-	if (!prefixcmp(key, "url.")) {
+	if (starts_with(key, "url.")) {
 		struct rewrite *rewrite;
 		name = key + 4;
 		subkey = strrchr(name, '.');
@@ -387,9 +402,16 @@ static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 			add_instead_of(rewrite, xstrdup(value));
 		}
 	}
-	if (prefixcmp(key,  "remote."))
+
+	if (!starts_with(key,  "remote."))
 		return 0;
 	name = key + 7;
+
+	/* Handle remote.* variables */
+	if (!strcmp(name, "pushdefault"))
+		return git_config_string(&pushremote_name, key, value);
+
+	/* Handle remote.<name>.* variables */
 	if (*name == '/') {
 		warning("Config remote shorthand cannot begin with '/': %s",
 			name);
@@ -406,6 +428,8 @@ static int handle_config(const char *key, const char *value, void *cb)
 		remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
 	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".skipfetchall"))
 		remote->skip_default_update = git_config_bool(key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".prune"))
+		remote->prune = git_config_bool(key, value);
 	else if (!strcmp(subkey, ".url")) {
 		const char *v;
 		if (git_config_string(&v, key, value))
@@ -482,15 +506,18 @@ static void read_config(void)
 	int flag;
 	if (default_remote_name) /* did this already */
 		return;
-	default_remote_name = xstrdup("origin");
+	default_remote_name = "origin";
 	current_branch = NULL;
-	head_ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", sha1, 0, &flag);
+	head_ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", 0, sha1, &flag);
 	if (head_ref && (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
-	    !prefixcmp(head_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
-		current_branch =
-			make_branch(head_ref + strlen("refs/heads/"), 0);
+	    skip_prefix(head_ref, "refs/heads/", &head_ref)) {
+		current_branch = make_branch(head_ref, 0);
 	}
 	git_config(handle_config, NULL);
+	if (branch_pushremote_name) {
+		free((char *)pushremote_name);
+		pushremote_name = branch_pushremote_name;
+	}
 	alias_all_urls();
 }
 
@@ -517,7 +544,7 @@ static void free_refspecs(struct refspec *refspec, int nr_refspec)
 static struct refspec *parse_refspec_internal(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec, int fetch, int verify)
 {
 	int i;
-	struct refspec *rs = xcalloc(sizeof(*rs), nr_refspec);
+	struct refspec *rs = xcalloc(nr_refspec, sizeof(*rs));
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
 		size_t llen;
@@ -537,7 +564,7 @@ static struct refspec *parse_refspec_internal(int nr_refspec, const char **refsp
 
 		/*
 		 * Before going on, special case ":" (or "+:") as a refspec
-		 * for matching refs.
+		 * for pushing matching refs.
 		 */
 		if (!fetch && rhs == lhs && rhs[1] == '\0') {
 			rs[i].matching = 1;
@@ -564,26 +591,25 @@ static struct refspec *parse_refspec_internal(int nr_refspec, const char **refsp
 		flags = REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL | (is_glob ? REFNAME_REFSPEC_PATTERN : 0);
 
 		if (fetch) {
-			/*
-			 * LHS
-			 * - empty is allowed; it means HEAD.
-			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
-			 */
+			unsigned char unused[40];
+
+			/* LHS */
 			if (!*rs[i].src)
-				; /* empty is ok */
-			else if (check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+				; /* empty is ok; it means "HEAD" */
+			else if (llen == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(rs[i].src, unused))
+				rs[i].exact_sha1 = 1; /* ok */
+			else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].src, flags))
+				; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+			else
 				goto invalid;
-			/*
-			 * RHS
-			 * - missing is ok, and is same as empty.
-			 * - empty is ok; it means not to store.
-			 * - otherwise it must be a valid looking ref.
-			 */
+			/* RHS */
 			if (!rs[i].dst)
-				; /* ok */
+				; /* missing is ok; it is the same as empty */
 			else if (!*rs[i].dst)
-				; /* ok */
-			else if (check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+				; /* empty is ok; it means "do not store" */
+			else if (!check_refname_format(rs[i].dst, flags))
+				; /* valid looking ref is ok */
+			else
 				goto invalid;
 		} else {
 			/*
@@ -670,17 +696,21 @@ static int valid_remote_nick(const char *name)
 	return !strchr(name, '/'); /* no slash */
 }
 
-struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+static struct remote *remote_get_1(const char *name, const char *pushremote_name)
 {
 	struct remote *ret;
 	int name_given = 0;
 
-	read_config();
 	if (name)
 		name_given = 1;
 	else {
-		name = default_remote_name;
-		name_given = explicit_default_remote_name;
+		if (pushremote_name) {
+			name = pushremote_name;
+			name_given = 1;
+		} else {
+			name = default_remote_name;
+			name_given = explicit_default_remote_name;
+		}
 	}
 
 	ret = make_remote(name, 0);
@@ -699,15 +729,30 @@ struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+struct remote *remote_get(const char *name)
+{
+	read_config();
+	return remote_get_1(name, NULL);
+}
+
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name)
+{
+	read_config();
+	return remote_get_1(name, pushremote_name);
+}
+
 int remote_is_configured(const char *name)
 {
-	int i;
+	struct remotes_hash_key lookup;
+	struct hashmap_entry lookup_entry;
 	read_config();
 
-	for (i = 0; i < remotes_nr; i++)
-		if (!strcmp(name, remotes[i]->name))
-			return 1;
-	return 0;
+	init_remotes_hash();
+	lookup.str = name;
+	lookup.len = strlen(name);
+	hashmap_entry_init(&lookup_entry, memhash(name, lookup.len));
+
+	return hashmap_get(&remotes_hash, &lookup_entry, &lookup) != NULL;
 }
 
 int for_each_remote(each_remote_fn fn, void *priv)
@@ -729,35 +774,66 @@ int for_each_remote(each_remote_fn fn, void *priv)
 	return result;
 }
 
-void ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map)
+static void handle_duplicate(struct ref *ref1, struct ref *ref2)
+{
+	if (strcmp(ref1->name, ref2->name)) {
+		if (ref1->fetch_head_status != FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE &&
+		    ref2->fetch_head_status != FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE) {
+			die(_("Cannot fetch both %s and %s to %s"),
+			    ref1->name, ref2->name, ref2->peer_ref->name);
+		} else if (ref1->fetch_head_status != FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE &&
+			   ref2->fetch_head_status == FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE) {
+			warning(_("%s usually tracks %s, not %s"),
+				ref2->peer_ref->name, ref2->name, ref1->name);
+		} else if (ref1->fetch_head_status == FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE &&
+			   ref2->fetch_head_status == FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE) {
+			die(_("%s tracks both %s and %s"),
+			    ref2->peer_ref->name, ref1->name, ref2->name);
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * This last possibility doesn't occur because
+			 * FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE entries always appear at
+			 * the end of the list.
+			 */
+			die(_("Internal error"));
+		}
+	}
+	free(ref2->peer_ref);
+	free(ref2);
+}
+
+struct ref *ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map)
 {
 	struct string_list refs = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
-	struct string_list_item *item = NULL;
-	struct ref *prev = NULL, *next = NULL;
-	for (; ref_map; prev = ref_map, ref_map = next) {
-		next = ref_map->next;
-		if (!ref_map->peer_ref)
-			continue;
+	struct ref *retval = NULL;
+	struct ref **p = &retval;
 
-		item = string_list_lookup(&refs, ref_map->peer_ref->name);
-		if (item) {
-			if (strcmp(((struct ref *)item->util)->name,
-				   ref_map->name))
-				die("%s tracks both %s and %s",
-				    ref_map->peer_ref->name,
-				    ((struct ref *)item->util)->name,
-				    ref_map->name);
-			prev->next = ref_map->next;
-			free(ref_map->peer_ref);
-			free(ref_map);
-			ref_map = prev; /* skip this; we freed it */
-			continue;
-		}
+	while (ref_map) {
+		struct ref *ref = ref_map;
+
+		ref_map = ref_map->next;
+		ref->next = NULL;
 
-		item = string_list_insert(&refs, ref_map->peer_ref->name);
-		item->util = ref_map;
+		if (!ref->peer_ref) {
+			*p = ref;
+			p = &ref->next;
+		} else {
+			struct string_list_item *item =
+				string_list_insert(&refs, ref->peer_ref->name);
+
+			if (item->util) {
+				/* Entry already existed */
+				handle_duplicate((struct ref *)item->util, ref);
+			} else {
+				*p = ref;
+				p = &ref->next;
+				item->util = ref;
+			}
+		}
 	}
+
 	string_list_clear(&refs, 0);
+	return retval;
 }
 
 int remote_has_url(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
@@ -786,32 +862,25 @@ static int match_name_with_pattern(const char *key, const char *name,
 	ret = !strncmp(name, key, klen) && namelen >= klen + ksuffixlen &&
 		!memcmp(name + namelen - ksuffixlen, kstar + 1, ksuffixlen);
 	if (ret && value) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *vstar = strchr(value, '*');
-		size_t vlen;
-		size_t vsuffixlen;
 		if (!vstar)
 			die("Value '%s' of pattern has no '*'", value);
-		vlen = vstar - value;
-		vsuffixlen = strlen(vstar + 1);
-		*result = xmalloc(vlen + vsuffixlen +
-				  strlen(name) -
-				  klen - ksuffixlen + 1);
-		strncpy(*result, value, vlen);
-		strncpy(*result + vlen,
-			name + klen, namelen - klen - ksuffixlen);
-		strcpy(*result + vlen + namelen - klen - ksuffixlen,
-		       vstar + 1);
+		strbuf_add(&sb, value, vstar - value);
+		strbuf_add(&sb, name + klen, namelen - klen - ksuffixlen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, vstar + 1);
+		*result = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int query_refspecs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct refspec *query)
+static void query_refspecs_multiple(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct refspec *query, struct string_list *results)
 {
 	int i;
 	int find_src = !query->src;
 
 	if (find_src && !query->dst)
-		return error("query_refspecs: need either src or dst");
+		error("query_refspecs_multiple: need either src or dst");
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
 		struct refspec *refspec = &refs[i];
@@ -823,6 +892,32 @@ static int query_refspecs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct refspec *q
 		if (!refspec->dst)
 			continue;
 		if (refspec->pattern) {
+			if (match_name_with_pattern(key, needle, value, result))
+				string_list_append_nodup(results, *result);
+		} else if (!strcmp(needle, key)) {
+			string_list_append(results, value);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int query_refspecs(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct refspec *query)
+{
+	int i;
+	int find_src = !query->src;
+	const char *needle = find_src ? query->dst : query->src;
+	char **result = find_src ? &query->src : &query->dst;
+
+	if (find_src && !query->dst)
+		return error("query_refspecs: need either src or dst");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ref_count; i++) {
+		struct refspec *refspec = &refs[i];
+		const char *key = find_src ? refspec->dst : refspec->src;
+		const char *value = find_src ? refspec->src : refspec->dst;
+
+		if (!refspec->dst)
+			continue;
+		if (refspec->pattern) {
 			if (match_name_with_pattern(key, needle, value, result)) {
 				query->force = refspec->force;
 				return 0;
@@ -880,8 +975,8 @@ struct ref *copy_ref(const struct ref *ref)
 	cpy = xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref) + len + 1);
 	memcpy(cpy, ref, sizeof(struct ref) + len + 1);
 	cpy->next = NULL;
-	cpy->symref = ref->symref ? xstrdup(ref->symref) : NULL;
-	cpy->remote_status = ref->remote_status ? xstrdup(ref->remote_status) : NULL;
+	cpy->symref = xstrdup_or_null(ref->symref);
+	cpy->remote_status = xstrdup_or_null(ref->remote_status);
 	cpy->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref->peer_ref);
 	return cpy;
 }
@@ -918,9 +1013,30 @@ void free_refs(struct ref *ref)
 	}
 }
 
-static int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
-			       struct ref *refs,
-			       struct ref **matched_ref)
+int ref_compare_name(const void *va, const void *vb)
+{
+	const struct ref *a = va, *b = vb;
+	return strcmp(a->name, b->name);
+}
+
+static void *ref_list_get_next(const void *a)
+{
+	return ((const struct ref *)a)->next;
+}
+
+static void ref_list_set_next(void *a, void *next)
+{
+	((struct ref *)a)->next = next;
+}
+
+void sort_ref_list(struct ref **l, int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *))
+{
+	*l = llist_mergesort(*l, ref_list_get_next, ref_list_set_next, cmp);
+}
+
+int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
+			struct ref *refs,
+			struct ref **matched_ref)
 {
 	int patlen = strlen(pattern);
 	struct ref *matched_weak = NULL;
@@ -932,7 +1048,7 @@ static int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
 		char *name = refs->name;
 		int namelen = strlen(name);
 
-		if (!refname_match(pattern, name, ref_rev_parse_rules))
+		if (!refname_match(pattern, name))
 			continue;
 
 		/* A match is "weak" if it is with refs outside
@@ -945,8 +1061,8 @@ static int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
 		 */
 		if (namelen != patlen &&
 		    patlen != namelen - 5 &&
-		    prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/") &&
-		    prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/")) {
+		    !starts_with(name, "refs/heads/") &&
+		    !starts_with(name, "refs/tags/")) {
 			/* We want to catch the case where only weak
 			 * matches are found and there are multiple
 			 * matches, and where more than one strong
@@ -963,11 +1079,13 @@ static int count_refspec_match(const char *pattern,
 		}
 	}
 	if (!matched) {
-		*matched_ref = matched_weak;
+		if (matched_ref)
+			*matched_ref = matched_weak;
 		return weak_match;
 	}
 	else {
-		*matched_ref = matched;
+		if (matched_ref)
+			*matched_ref = matched;
 		return match;
 	}
 }
@@ -987,18 +1105,25 @@ static struct ref *alloc_delete_ref(void)
 	return ref;
 }
 
-static struct ref *try_explicit_object_name(const char *name)
+static int try_explicit_object_name(const char *name,
+				    struct ref **match)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	struct ref *ref;
 
-	if (!*name)
-		return alloc_delete_ref();
+	if (!*name) {
+		if (match)
+			*match = alloc_delete_ref();
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	if (get_sha1(name, sha1))
-		return NULL;
-	ref = alloc_ref(name);
-	hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
-	return ref;
+		return -1;
+
+	if (match) {
+		*match = alloc_ref(name);
+		hashcpy((*match)->new_sha1, sha1);
+	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static struct ref *make_linked_ref(const char *name, struct ref ***tail)
@@ -1013,13 +1138,14 @@ static char *guess_ref(const char *name, struct ref *peer)
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-	const char *r = resolve_ref_unsafe(peer->name, sha1, 1, NULL);
+	const char *r = resolve_ref_unsafe(peer->name, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					   sha1, NULL);
 	if (!r)
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(r, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(r, "refs/heads/"))
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/heads/");
-	else if (!prefixcmp(r, "refs/tags/"))
+	else if (starts_with(r, "refs/tags/"))
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "refs/tags/");
 	else
 		return NULL;
@@ -1028,12 +1154,37 @@ static char *guess_ref(const char *name, struct ref *peer)
 	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
 }
 
+static int match_explicit_lhs(struct ref *src,
+			      struct refspec *rs,
+			      struct ref **match,
+			      int *allocated_match)
+{
+	switch (count_refspec_match(rs->src, src, match)) {
+	case 1:
+		if (allocated_match)
+			*allocated_match = 0;
+		return 0;
+	case 0:
+		/* The source could be in the get_sha1() format
+		 * not a reference name.  :refs/other is a
+		 * way to delete 'other' ref at the remote end.
+		 */
+		if (try_explicit_object_name(rs->src, match) < 0)
+			return error("src refspec %s does not match any.", rs->src);
+		if (allocated_match)
+			*allocated_match = 1;
+		return 0;
+	default:
+		return error("src refspec %s matches more than one.", rs->src);
+	}
+}
+
 static int match_explicit(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
 			  struct ref ***dst_tail,
 			  struct refspec *rs)
 {
 	struct ref *matched_src, *matched_dst;
-	int copy_src;
+	int allocated_src;
 
 	const char *dst_value = rs->dst;
 	char *dst_guess;
@@ -1042,32 +1193,19 @@ static int match_explicit(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
 		return 0;
 
 	matched_src = matched_dst = NULL;
-	switch (count_refspec_match(rs->src, src, &matched_src)) {
-	case 1:
-		copy_src = 1;
-		break;
-	case 0:
-		/* The source could be in the get_sha1() format
-		 * not a reference name.  :refs/other is a
-		 * way to delete 'other' ref at the remote end.
-		 */
-		matched_src = try_explicit_object_name(rs->src);
-		if (!matched_src)
-			return error("src refspec %s does not match any.", rs->src);
-		copy_src = 0;
-		break;
-	default:
-		return error("src refspec %s matches more than one.", rs->src);
-	}
+	if (match_explicit_lhs(src, rs, &matched_src, &allocated_src) < 0)
+		return -1;
 
 	if (!dst_value) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		int flag;
 
-		dst_value = resolve_ref_unsafe(matched_src->name, sha1, 1, &flag);
+		dst_value = resolve_ref_unsafe(matched_src->name,
+					       RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					       sha1, &flag);
 		if (!dst_value ||
 		    ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) &&
-		     prefixcmp(dst_value, "refs/heads/")))
+		     !starts_with(dst_value, "refs/heads/")))
 			die("%s cannot be resolved to branch.",
 			    matched_src->name);
 	}
@@ -1076,8 +1214,11 @@ static int match_explicit(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
 	case 1:
 		break;
 	case 0:
-		if (!memcmp(dst_value, "refs/", 5))
+		if (starts_with(dst_value, "refs/"))
 			matched_dst = make_linked_ref(dst_value, dst_tail);
+		else if (is_null_sha1(matched_src->new_sha1))
+			error("unable to delete '%s': remote ref does not exist",
+			      dst_value);
 		else if ((dst_guess = guess_ref(dst_value, matched_src)))
 			matched_dst = make_linked_ref(dst_guess, dst_tail);
 		else
@@ -1100,7 +1241,9 @@ static int match_explicit(struct ref *src, struct ref *dst,
 		return error("dst ref %s receives from more than one src.",
 		      matched_dst->name);
 	else {
-		matched_dst->peer_ref = copy_src ? copy_ref(matched_src) : matched_src;
+		matched_dst->peer_ref = allocated_src ?
+					matched_src :
+					copy_ref(matched_src);
 		matched_dst->force = rs->force;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -1153,7 +1296,7 @@ static char *get_ref_match(const struct refspec *rs, int rs_nr, const struct ref
 		 * including refs outside refs/heads/ hierarchy, but
 		 * that does not make much sense these days.
 		 */
-		if (!send_mirror && prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/heads/"))
+		if (!send_mirror && !starts_with(ref->name, "refs/heads/"))
 			return NULL;
 		name = xstrdup(ref->name);
 	}
@@ -1170,6 +1313,142 @@ static struct ref **tail_ref(struct ref **head)
 	return tail;
 }
 
+struct tips {
+	struct commit **tip;
+	int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static void add_to_tips(struct tips *tips, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct commit *commit;
+
+	if (is_null_sha1(sha1))
+		return;
+	commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (!commit || (commit->object.flags & TMP_MARK))
+		return;
+	commit->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+	ALLOC_GROW(tips->tip, tips->nr + 1, tips->alloc);
+	tips->tip[tips->nr++] = commit;
+}
+
+static void add_missing_tags(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst, struct ref ***dst_tail)
+{
+	struct string_list dst_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list src_tag = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	struct tips sent_tips;
+
+	/*
+	 * Collect everything we know they would have at the end of
+	 * this push, and collect all tags they have.
+	 */
+	memset(&sent_tips, 0, sizeof(sent_tips));
+	for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (ref->peer_ref &&
+		    !is_null_sha1(ref->peer_ref->new_sha1))
+			add_to_tips(&sent_tips, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
+		else
+			add_to_tips(&sent_tips, ref->old_sha1);
+		if (starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			string_list_append(&dst_tag, ref->name);
+	}
+	clear_commit_marks_many(sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip, TMP_MARK);
+
+	string_list_sort(&dst_tag);
+
+	/* Collect tags they do not have. */
+	for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+			continue; /* not a tag */
+		if (string_list_has_string(&dst_tag, ref->name))
+			continue; /* they already have it */
+		if (sha1_object_info(ref->new_sha1, NULL) != OBJ_TAG)
+			continue; /* be conservative */
+		item = string_list_append(&src_tag, ref->name);
+		item->util = ref;
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&dst_tag, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, src_tag lists tags that are missing from
+	 * dst, and sent_tips lists the tips we are pushing or those
+	 * that we know they already have. An element in the src_tag
+	 * that is an ancestor of any of the sent_tips needs to be
+	 * sent to the other side.
+	 */
+	if (sent_tips.nr) {
+		for_each_string_list_item(item, &src_tag) {
+			struct ref *ref = item->util;
+			struct ref *dst_ref;
+			struct commit *commit;
+
+			if (is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1))
+				continue;
+			commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1);
+			if (!commit)
+				/* not pushing a commit, which is not an error */
+				continue;
+
+			/*
+			 * Is this tag, which they do not have, reachable from
+			 * any of the commits we are sending?
+			 */
+			if (!in_merge_bases_many(commit, sent_tips.nr, sent_tips.tip))
+				continue;
+
+			/* Add it in */
+			dst_ref = make_linked_ref(ref->name, dst_tail);
+			hashcpy(dst_ref->new_sha1, ref->new_sha1);
+			dst_ref->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
+		}
+	}
+	string_list_clear(&src_tag, 0);
+	free(sent_tips.tip);
+}
+
+struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name)
+{
+	for ( ; list; list = list->next)
+		if (!strcmp(list->name, name))
+			return (struct ref *)list;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void prepare_ref_index(struct string_list *ref_index, struct ref *ref)
+{
+	for ( ; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		string_list_append_nodup(ref_index, ref->name)->util = ref;
+
+	string_list_sort(ref_index);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given only the set of local refs, sanity-check the set of push
+ * refspecs. We can't catch all errors that match_push_refs would,
+ * but we can catch some errors early before even talking to the
+ * remote side.
+ */
+int check_push_refs(struct ref *src, int nr_refspec, const char **refspec_names)
+{
+	struct refspec *refspec = parse_push_refspec(nr_refspec, refspec_names);
+	int ret = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_refspec; i++) {
+		struct refspec *rs = refspec + i;
+
+		if (rs->pattern || rs->matching)
+			continue;
+
+		ret |= match_explicit_lhs(src, rs, NULL, NULL);
+	}
+
+	free_refspec(nr_refspec, refspec);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 /*
  * Given the set of refs the local repository has, the set of refs the
  * remote repository has, and the refspec used for push, determine
@@ -1188,6 +1467,7 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 	int errs;
 	static const char *default_refspec[] = { ":", NULL };
 	struct ref *ref, **dst_tail = tail_ref(dst);
+	struct string_list dst_ref_index = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 
 	if (!nr_refspec) {
 		nr_refspec = 1;
@@ -1198,18 +1478,20 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 
 	/* pick the remainder */
 	for (ref = src; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		struct string_list_item *dst_item;
 		struct ref *dst_peer;
 		const struct refspec *pat = NULL;
 		char *dst_name;
 
-		if (ref->peer_ref)
-			continue;
-
 		dst_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_SRC, &pat);
 		if (!dst_name)
 			continue;
 
-		dst_peer = find_ref_by_name(*dst, dst_name);
+		if (!dst_ref_index.nr)
+			prepare_ref_index(&dst_ref_index, *dst);
+
+		dst_item = string_list_lookup(&dst_ref_index, dst_name);
+		dst_peer = dst_item ? dst_item->util : NULL;
 		if (dst_peer) {
 			if (dst_peer->peer_ref)
 				/* We're already sending something to this ref. */
@@ -1219,20 +1501,29 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 				/*
 				 * Remote doesn't have it, and we have no
 				 * explicit pattern, and we don't have
-				 * --all nor --mirror.
+				 * --all or --mirror.
 				 */
 				goto free_name;
 
 			/* Create a new one and link it */
 			dst_peer = make_linked_ref(dst_name, &dst_tail);
 			hashcpy(dst_peer->new_sha1, ref->new_sha1);
+			string_list_insert(&dst_ref_index,
+				dst_peer->name)->util = dst_peer;
 		}
 		dst_peer->peer_ref = copy_ref(ref);
 		dst_peer->force = pat->force;
 	free_name:
 		free(dst_name);
 	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&dst_ref_index, 0);
+
+	if (flags & MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+		add_missing_tags(src, dst, &dst_tail);
+
 	if (send_prune) {
+		struct string_list src_ref_index = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 		/* check for missing refs on the remote */
 		for (ref = *dst; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 			char *src_name;
@@ -1243,11 +1534,15 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 
 			src_name = get_ref_match(rs, nr_refspec, ref, send_mirror, FROM_DST, NULL);
 			if (src_name) {
-				if (!find_ref_by_name(src, src_name))
+				if (!src_ref_index.nr)
+					prepare_ref_index(&src_ref_index, src);
+				if (!string_list_has_string(&src_ref_index,
+					    src_name))
 					ref->peer_ref = alloc_delete_ref();
 				free(src_name);
 			}
 		}
+		string_list_clear(&src_ref_index, 0);
 	}
 	if (errs)
 		return -1;
@@ -1255,11 +1550,14 @@ int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 }
 
 void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
-	int force_update)
+			     int force_update)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		int force_ref_update = ref->force || force_update;
+		int reject_reason = 0;
+
 		if (ref->peer_ref)
 			hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, ref->peer_ref->new_sha1);
 		else if (!send_mirror)
@@ -1272,35 +1570,85 @@ void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		/* This part determines what can overwrite what.
-		 * The rules are:
+		/*
+		 * Bypass the usual "must fast-forward" check but
+		 * replace it with a weaker "the old value must be
+		 * this value we observed".  If the remote ref has
+		 * moved and is now different from what we expect,
+		 * reject any push.
+		 *
+		 * It also is an error if the user told us to check
+		 * with the remote-tracking branch to find the value
+		 * to expect, but we did not have such a tracking
+		 * branch.
+		 */
+		if (ref->expect_old_sha1) {
+			if (ref->expect_old_no_trackback ||
+			    hashcmp(ref->old_sha1, ref->old_sha1_expect))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * The usual "must fast-forward" rules.
 		 *
-		 * (0) you can always use --force or +A:B notation to
-		 *     selectively force individual ref pairs.
+		 * Decide whether an individual refspec A:B can be
+		 * pushed.  The push will succeed if any of the
+		 * following are true:
 		 *
-		 * (1) if the old thing does not exist, it is OK.
+		 * (1) the remote reference B does not exist
 		 *
-		 * (2) if you do not have the old thing, you are not allowed
-		 *     to overwrite it; you would not know what you are losing
-		 *     otherwise.
+		 * (2) the remote reference B is being removed (i.e.,
+		 *     pushing :B where no source is specified)
 		 *
-		 * (3) if both new and old are commit-ish, and new is a
-		 *     descendant of old, it is OK.
+		 * (3) the destination is not under refs/tags/, and
+		 *     if the old and new value is a commit, the new
+		 *     is a descendant of the old.
 		 *
-		 * (4) regardless of all of the above, removing :B is
-		 *     always allowed.
+		 * (4) it is forced using the +A:B notation, or by
+		 *     passing the --force argument
+		 */
+
+		else if (!ref->deletion && !is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1)) {
+			if (starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/"))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+			else if (!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			else if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->old_sha1, 1) ||
+				 !lookup_commit_reference_gently(ref->new_sha1, 1))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			else if (!ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1))
+				reject_reason = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * "--force" will defeat any rejection implemented
+		 * by the rules above.
 		 */
+		if (!force_ref_update)
+			ref->status = reject_reason;
+		else if (reject_reason)
+			ref->forced_update = 1;
+	}
+}
 
-		ref->nonfastforward =
-			!ref->deletion &&
-			!is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1) &&
-			(!has_sha1_file(ref->old_sha1)
-			  || !ref_newer(ref->new_sha1, ref->old_sha1));
+static void set_merge(struct branch *ret)
+{
+	char *ref;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int i;
 
-		if (ref->nonfastforward && !ref->force && !force_update) {
-			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD;
+	ret->merge = xcalloc(ret->merge_nr, sizeof(*ret->merge));
+	for (i = 0; i < ret->merge_nr; i++) {
+		ret->merge[i] = xcalloc(1, sizeof(**ret->merge));
+		ret->merge[i]->src = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
+		if (!remote_find_tracking(ret->remote, ret->merge[i]) ||
+		    strcmp(ret->remote_name, "."))
 			continue;
-		}
+		if (dwim_ref(ret->merge_name[i], strlen(ret->merge_name[i]),
+			     sha1, &ref) == 1)
+			ret->merge[i]->dst = ref;
+		else
+			ret->merge[i]->dst = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1315,18 +1663,8 @@ struct branch *branch_get(const char *name)
 		ret = make_branch(name, 0);
 	if (ret && ret->remote_name) {
 		ret->remote = remote_get(ret->remote_name);
-		if (ret->merge_nr) {
-			int i;
-			ret->merge = xcalloc(sizeof(*ret->merge),
-					     ret->merge_nr);
-			for (i = 0; i < ret->merge_nr; i++) {
-				ret->merge[i] = xcalloc(1, sizeof(**ret->merge));
-				ret->merge[i]->src = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
-				if (remote_find_tracking(ret->remote, ret->merge[i])
-				    && !strcmp(ret->remote_name, "."))
-					ret->merge[i]->dst = xstrdup(ret->merge_name[i]);
-			}
-		}
+		if (ret->merge_nr)
+			set_merge(ret);
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -1342,9 +1680,26 @@ int branch_merge_matches(struct branch *branch,
 {
 	if (!branch || i < 0 || i >= branch->merge_nr)
 		return 0;
-	return refname_match(branch->merge[i]->src, refname, ref_fetch_rules);
+	return refname_match(branch->merge[i]->src, refname);
+}
+
+static int ignore_symref_update(const char *refname)
+{
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int flag;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, 0, sha1, &flag))
+		return 0; /* non-existing refs are OK */
+	return (flag & REF_ISSYMREF);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Create and return a list of (struct ref) consisting of copies of
+ * each remote_ref that matches refspec.  refspec must be a pattern.
+ * Fill in the copies' peer_ref to describe the local tracking refs to
+ * which they map.  Omit any references that would map to an existing
+ * local symbolic ref.
+ */
 static struct ref *get_expanded_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 				    const struct refspec *refspec)
 {
@@ -1352,22 +1707,23 @@ static struct ref *get_expanded_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 	struct ref *ret = NULL;
 	struct ref **tail = &ret;
 
-	char *expn_name;
-
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		char *expn_name = NULL;
+
 		if (strchr(ref->name, '^'))
 			continue; /* a dereference item */
 		if (match_name_with_pattern(refspec->src, ref->name,
-					    refspec->dst, &expn_name)) {
+					    refspec->dst, &expn_name) &&
+		    !ignore_symref_update(expn_name)) {
 			struct ref *cpy = copy_ref(ref);
 
 			cpy->peer_ref = alloc_ref(expn_name);
-			free(expn_name);
 			if (refspec->force)
 				cpy->peer_ref->force = 1;
 			*tail = cpy;
 			tail = &cpy->next;
 		}
+		free(expn_name);
 	}
 
 	return ret;
@@ -1377,7 +1733,7 @@ static const struct ref *find_ref_by_name_abbrev(const struct ref *refs, const c
 {
 	const struct ref *ref;
 	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
-		if (refname_match(name, ref->name, ref_fetch_rules))
+		if (refname_match(name, ref->name))
 			return ref;
 	}
 	return NULL;
@@ -1398,12 +1754,12 @@ static struct ref *get_local_ref(const char *name)
 	if (!name || name[0] == '\0')
 		return NULL;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(name, "refs/"))
+	if (starts_with(name, "refs/"))
 		return alloc_ref(name);
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(name, "heads/") ||
-	    !prefixcmp(name, "tags/") ||
-	    !prefixcmp(name, "remotes/"))
+	if (starts_with(name, "heads/") ||
+	    starts_with(name, "tags/") ||
+	    starts_with(name, "remotes/"))
 		return alloc_ref_with_prefix("refs/", 5, name);
 
 	return alloc_ref_with_prefix("refs/heads/", 11, name);
@@ -1421,7 +1777,12 @@ int get_fetch_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 	} else {
 		const char *name = refspec->src[0] ? refspec->src : "HEAD";
 
-		ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		if (refspec->exact_sha1) {
+			ref_map = alloc_ref(name);
+			get_sha1_hex(name, ref_map->old_sha1);
+		} else {
+			ref_map = get_remote_ref(remote_refs, name);
+		}
 		if (!missing_ok && !ref_map)
 			die("Couldn't find remote ref %s", name);
 		if (ref_map) {
@@ -1433,8 +1794,8 @@ int get_fetch_map(const struct ref *remote_refs,
 
 	for (rmp = &ref_map; *rmp; ) {
 		if ((*rmp)->peer_ref) {
-			if (check_refname_format((*rmp)->peer_ref->name + 5,
-				REFNAME_ALLOW_ONELEVEL)) {
+			if (!starts_with((*rmp)->peer_ref->name, "refs/") ||
+			    check_refname_format((*rmp)->peer_ref->name, 0)) {
 				struct ref *ignore = *rmp;
 				error("* Ignoring funny ref '%s' locally",
 				      (*rmp)->peer_ref->name);
@@ -1482,7 +1843,8 @@ int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
 	struct commit_list *list, *used;
 	int found = 0;
 
-	/* Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
+	/*
+	 * Both new and old must be commit-ish and new is descendant of
 	 * old.  Otherwise we require --force.
 	 */
 	o = deref_tag(parse_object(old_sha1), NULL, 0);
@@ -1514,7 +1876,11 @@ int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1)
 }
 
 /*
- * Return true if there is anything to report, otherwise false.
+ * Compare a branch with its upstream, and save their differences (number
+ * of commits) in *num_ours and *num_theirs.
+ *
+ * Return 0 if branch has no upstream (no base), -1 if upstream is missing
+ * (with "gone" base), otherwise 1 (with base).
  */
 int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
 {
@@ -1525,34 +1891,30 @@ int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
 	const char *rev_argv[10], *base;
 	int rev_argc;
 
-	/*
-	 * Nothing to report unless we are marked to build on top of
-	 * somebody else.
-	 */
+	/* Cannot stat unless we are marked to build on top of somebody else. */
 	if (!branch ||
 	    !branch->merge || !branch->merge[0] || !branch->merge[0]->dst)
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If what we used to build on no longer exists, there is
-	 * nothing to report.
-	 */
+	/* Cannot stat if what we used to build on no longer exists */
 	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
 	if (read_ref(base, sha1))
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 	theirs = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	if (!theirs)
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 
 	if (read_ref(branch->refname, sha1))
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 	ours = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
 	if (!ours)
-		return 0;
+		return -1;
 
 	/* are we the same? */
-	if (theirs == ours)
-		return 0;
+	if (theirs == ours) {
+		*num_theirs = *num_ours = 0;
+		return 1;
+	}
 
 	/* Run "rev-list --left-right ours...theirs" internally... */
 	rev_argc = 0;
@@ -1568,7 +1930,8 @@ int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
 
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	setup_revisions(rev_argc, rev_argv, &revs, NULL);
-	prepare_revision_walk(&revs);
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
 
 	/* ... and count the commits on each side. */
 	*num_ours = 0;
@@ -1594,29 +1957,56 @@ int stat_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, int *num_ours, int *num_theirs)
  */
 int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	int num_ours, num_theirs;
-	const char *base;
+	int ours, theirs;
+	char *base;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
 
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs))
+	switch (stat_tracking_info(branch, &ours, &theirs)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* no base */
 		return 0;
+	case -1:
+		/* with "gone" base */
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* with base */
+		break;
+	}
 
-	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
-	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
-	if (!num_theirs)
+	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(branch->merge[0]->dst, 0);
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			_("Your branch is based on '%s', but the upstream is gone.\n"),
+			base);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git branch --unset-upstream\" to fixup)\n"));
+	} else if (!ours && !theirs) {
+		strbuf_addf(sb,
+			_("Your branch is up-to-date with '%s'.\n"),
+			base);
+	} else if (!theirs) {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commit.\n",
 			   "Your branch is ahead of '%s' by %d commits.\n",
-			   num_ours),
-			base, num_ours);
-	else if (!num_ours)
+			   ours),
+			base, ours);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git push\" to publish your local commits)\n"));
+	} else if (!ours) {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commit, "
 			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
 			   "Your branch is behind '%s' by %d commits, "
 			       "and can be fast-forwarded.\n",
-			   num_theirs),
-			base, num_theirs);
-	else
+			   theirs),
+			base, theirs);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git pull\" to update your local branch)\n"));
+	} else {
 		strbuf_addf(sb,
 			Q_("Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 			       "and have %d and %d different commit each, "
@@ -1624,8 +2014,13 @@ int format_tracking_info(struct branch *branch, struct strbuf *sb)
 			   "Your branch and '%s' have diverged,\n"
 			       "and have %d and %d different commits each, "
 			       "respectively.\n",
-			   num_theirs),
-			base, num_ours, num_theirs);
+			   theirs),
+			base, ours, theirs);
+		if (advice_status_hints)
+			strbuf_addf(sb,
+				_("  (use \"git pull\" to merge the remote branch into yours)\n"));
+	}
+	free(base);
 	return 1;
 }
 
@@ -1684,7 +2079,7 @@ struct ref *guess_remote_head(const struct ref *head,
 	/* Look for another ref that points there */
 	for (r = refs; r; r = r->next) {
 		if (r != head &&
-		    !prefixcmp(r->name, "refs/heads/") &&
+		    starts_with(r->name, "refs/heads/") &&
 		    !hashcmp(r->old_sha1, head->old_sha1)) {
 			*tail = copy_ref(r);
 			tail = &((*tail)->next);
@@ -1707,25 +2102,37 @@ static int get_stale_heads_cb(const char *refname,
 	const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct stale_heads_info *info = cb_data;
+	struct string_list matches = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct refspec query;
+	int i, stale = 1;
 	memset(&query, 0, sizeof(struct refspec));
 	query.dst = (char *)refname;
 
-	if (query_refspecs(info->refs, info->ref_count, &query))
-		return 0; /* No matches */
+	query_refspecs_multiple(info->refs, info->ref_count, &query, &matches);
+	if (matches.nr == 0)
+		goto clean_exit; /* No matches */
 
 	/*
 	 * If we did find a suitable refspec and it's not a symref and
 	 * it's not in the list of refs that currently exist in that
-	 * remote we consider it to be stale.
+	 * remote, we consider it to be stale. In order to deal with
+	 * overlapping refspecs, we need to go over all of the
+	 * matching refs.
 	 */
-	if (!((flags & REF_ISSYMREF) ||
-	      string_list_has_string(info->ref_names, query.src))) {
+	if (flags & REF_ISSYMREF)
+		goto clean_exit;
+
+	for (i = 0; stale && i < matches.nr; i++)
+		if (string_list_has_string(info->ref_names, matches.items[i].string))
+			stale = 0;
+
+	if (stale) {
 		struct ref *ref = make_linked_ref(refname, &info->stale_refs_tail);
 		hashcpy(ref->new_sha1, sha1);
 	}
 
-	free(query.src);
+clean_exit:
+	string_list_clear(&matches, 0);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1740,8 +2147,126 @@ struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *fet
 	info.ref_count = ref_count;
 	for (ref = fetch_map; ref; ref = ref->next)
 		string_list_append(&ref_names, ref->name);
-	sort_string_list(&ref_names);
+	string_list_sort(&ref_names);
 	for_each_ref(get_stale_heads_cb, &info);
 	string_list_clear(&ref_names, 0);
 	return stale_refs;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Compare-and-swap
+ */
+static void clear_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cas->nr; i++)
+		free(cas->entry[i].refname);
+	free(cas->entry);
+	memset(cas, 0, sizeof(*cas));
+}
+
+static struct push_cas *add_cas_entry(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+				      const char *refname,
+				      size_t refnamelen)
+{
+	struct push_cas *entry;
+	ALLOC_GROW(cas->entry, cas->nr + 1, cas->alloc);
+	entry = &cas->entry[cas->nr++];
+	memset(entry, 0, sizeof(*entry));
+	entry->refname = xmemdupz(refname, refnamelen);
+	return entry;
+}
+
+int parse_push_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *cas, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	const char *colon;
+	struct push_cas *entry;
+
+	if (unset) {
+		/* "--no-<option>" */
+		clear_cas_option(cas);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!arg) {
+		/* just "--<option>" */
+		cas->use_tracking_for_rest = 1;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* "--<option>=refname" or "--<option>=refname:value" */
+	colon = strchrnul(arg, ':');
+	entry = add_cas_entry(cas, arg, colon - arg);
+	if (!*colon)
+		entry->use_tracking = 1;
+	else if (get_sha1(colon + 1, entry->expect))
+		return error("cannot parse expected object name '%s'", colon + 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int parseopt_push_cas_option(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
+{
+	return parse_push_cas_option(opt->value, arg, unset);
+}
+
+int is_empty_cas(const struct push_cas_option *cas)
+{
+	return !cas->use_tracking_for_rest && !cas->nr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Look at remote.fetch refspec and see if we have a remote
+ * tracking branch for the refname there.  Fill its current
+ * value in sha1[].
+ * If we cannot do so, return negative to signal an error.
+ */
+static int remote_tracking(struct remote *remote, const char *refname,
+			   unsigned char sha1[20])
+{
+	char *dst;
+
+	dst = apply_refspecs(remote->fetch, remote->fetch_refspec_nr, refname);
+	if (!dst)
+		return -1; /* no tracking ref for refname at remote */
+	if (read_ref(dst, sha1))
+		return -1; /* we know what the tracking ref is but we cannot read it */
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void apply_cas(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+		      struct remote *remote,
+		      struct ref *ref)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* Find an explicit --<option>=<name>[:<value>] entry */
+	for (i = 0; i < cas->nr; i++) {
+		struct push_cas *entry = &cas->entry[i];
+		if (!refname_match(entry->refname, ref->name))
+			continue;
+		ref->expect_old_sha1 = 1;
+		if (!entry->use_tracking)
+			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1_expect, cas->entry[i].expect);
+		else if (remote_tracking(remote, ref->name, ref->old_sha1_expect))
+			ref->expect_old_no_trackback = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* Are we using "--<option>" to cover all? */
+	if (!cas->use_tracking_for_rest)
+		return;
+
+	ref->expect_old_sha1 = 1;
+	if (remote_tracking(remote, ref->name, ref->old_sha1_expect))
+		ref->expect_old_no_trackback = 1;
+}
+
+void apply_push_cas(struct push_cas_option *cas,
+		    struct remote *remote,
+		    struct ref *remote_refs)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		apply_cas(cas, remote, ref);
+}
diff --git a/remote.h b/remote.h
index 9ad8eb6cc6..02d66ceff5 100644
--- a/remote.h
+++ b/remote.h
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 #ifndef REMOTE_H
 #define REMOTE_H
 
+#include "parse-options.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+
 enum {
 	REMOTE_CONFIG,
 	REMOTE_REMOTES,
@@ -8,6 +11,8 @@ enum {
 };
 
 struct remote {
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;  /* must be first */
+
 	const char *name;
 	int origin;
 
@@ -40,6 +45,7 @@ struct remote {
 	int fetch_tags;
 	int skip_default_update;
 	int mirror;
+	int prune;
 
 	const char *receivepack;
 	const char *uploadpack;
@@ -51,6 +57,7 @@ struct remote {
 };
 
 struct remote *remote_get(const char *name);
+struct remote *pushremote_get(const char *name);
 int remote_is_configured(const char *name);
 
 typedef int each_remote_fn(struct remote *remote, void *priv);
@@ -62,6 +69,7 @@ struct refspec {
 	unsigned force : 1;
 	unsigned pattern : 1;
 	unsigned matching : 1;
+	unsigned exact_sha1 : 1;
 
 	char *src;
 	char *dst;
@@ -69,9 +77,64 @@ struct refspec {
 
 extern const struct refspec *tag_refspec;
 
+struct ref {
+	struct ref *next;
+	unsigned char old_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char new_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char old_sha1_expect[20]; /* used by expect-old */
+	char *symref;
+	unsigned int
+		force:1,
+		forced_update:1,
+		expect_old_sha1:1,
+		expect_old_no_trackback:1,
+		deletion:1,
+		matched:1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Order is important here, as we write to FETCH_HEAD
+	 * in numeric order. And the default NOT_FOR_MERGE
+	 * should be 0, so that xcalloc'd structures get it
+	 * by default.
+	 */
+	enum {
+		FETCH_HEAD_MERGE = -1,
+		FETCH_HEAD_NOT_FOR_MERGE = 0,
+		FETCH_HEAD_IGNORE = 1
+	} fetch_head_status;
+
+	enum {
+		REF_STATUS_NONE = 0,
+		REF_STATUS_OK,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE,
+		REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW,
+		REF_STATUS_UPTODATE,
+		REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT,
+		REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT,
+		REF_STATUS_ATOMIC_PUSH_FAILED
+	} status;
+	char *remote_status;
+	struct ref *peer_ref; /* when renaming */
+	char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
+};
+
+#define REF_NORMAL	(1u << 0)
+#define REF_HEADS	(1u << 1)
+#define REF_TAGS	(1u << 2)
+
+extern struct ref *find_ref_by_name(const struct ref *list, const char *name);
+
 struct ref *alloc_ref(const char *name);
 struct ref *copy_ref(const struct ref *ref);
 struct ref *copy_ref_list(const struct ref *ref);
+void sort_ref_list(struct ref **, int (*cmp)(const void *, const void *));
+extern int count_refspec_match(const char *, struct ref *refs, struct ref **matched_ref);
+int ref_compare_name(const void *, const void *);
 
 int check_ref_type(const struct ref *ref, int flags);
 
@@ -80,22 +143,34 @@ int check_ref_type(const struct ref *ref, int flags);
  */
 void free_refs(struct ref *ref);
 
+struct sha1_array;
+extern struct ref **get_remote_heads(int in, char *src_buf, size_t src_len,
+				     struct ref **list, unsigned int flags,
+				     struct sha1_array *extra_have,
+				     struct sha1_array *shallow);
+
 int resolve_remote_symref(struct ref *ref, struct ref *list);
 int ref_newer(const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1);
 
 /*
- * Removes and frees any duplicate refs in the map.
+ * Remove and free all but the first of any entries in the input list
+ * that map the same remote reference to the same local reference.  If
+ * there are two entries that map different remote references to the
+ * same local reference, emit an error message and die.  Return a
+ * pointer to the head of the resulting list.
  */
-void ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map);
+struct ref *ref_remove_duplicates(struct ref *ref_map);
 
 int valid_fetch_refspec(const char *refspec);
 struct refspec *parse_fetch_refspec(int nr_refspec, const char **refspec);
 
 void free_refspec(int nr_refspec, struct refspec *refspec);
 
+extern int query_refspecs(struct refspec *specs, int nr, struct refspec *query);
 char *apply_refspecs(struct refspec *refspecs, int nr_refspec,
 		     const char *name);
 
+int check_push_refs(struct ref *src, int nr_refspec, const char **refspec);
 int match_push_refs(struct ref *src, struct ref **dst,
 		    int nr_refspec, const char **refspec, int all);
 void set_ref_status_for_push(struct ref *remote_refs, int send_mirror,
@@ -146,7 +221,8 @@ enum match_refs_flags {
 	MATCH_REFS_NONE		= 0,
 	MATCH_REFS_ALL 		= (1 << 0),
 	MATCH_REFS_MIRROR	= (1 << 1),
-	MATCH_REFS_PRUNE	= (1 << 2)
+	MATCH_REFS_PRUNE	= (1 << 2),
+	MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS	= (1 << 3)
 };
 
 /* Reporting of tracking info */
@@ -167,4 +243,26 @@ struct ref *guess_remote_head(const struct ref *head,
 /* Return refs which no longer exist on remote */
 struct ref *get_stale_heads(struct refspec *refs, int ref_count, struct ref *fetch_map);
 
+/*
+ * Compare-and-swap
+ */
+#define CAS_OPT_NAME "force-with-lease"
+
+struct push_cas_option {
+	unsigned use_tracking_for_rest:1;
+	struct push_cas {
+		unsigned char expect[20];
+		unsigned use_tracking:1;
+		char *refname;
+	} *entry;
+	int nr;
+	int alloc;
+};
+
+extern int parseopt_push_cas_option(const struct option *, const char *arg, int unset);
+extern int parse_push_cas_option(struct push_cas_option *, const char *arg, int unset);
+
+extern int is_empty_cas(const struct push_cas_option *);
+void apply_push_cas(struct push_cas_option *, struct remote *, struct ref *);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/replace_object.c b/replace_object.c
index d0b1548726..0ab2dc1374 100644
--- a/replace_object.c
+++ b/replace_object.c
@@ -3,8 +3,13 @@
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 
+/*
+ * An array of replacements.  The array is kept sorted by the original
+ * sha1.
+ */
 static struct replace_object {
-	unsigned char sha1[2][20];
+	unsigned char original[20];
+	unsigned char replacement[20];
 } **replace_object;
 
 static int replace_object_alloc, replace_object_nr;
@@ -12,7 +17,7 @@ static int replace_object_alloc, replace_object_nr;
 static const unsigned char *replace_sha1_access(size_t index, void *table)
 {
 	struct replace_object **replace = table;
-	return replace[index]->sha1[0];
+	return replace[index]->original;
 }
 
 static int replace_object_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -24,7 +29,7 @@ static int replace_object_pos(const unsigned char *sha1)
 static int register_replace_object(struct replace_object *replace,
 				   int ignore_dups)
 {
-	int pos = replace_object_pos(replace->sha1[0]);
+	int pos = replace_object_pos(replace->original);
 
 	if (0 <= pos) {
 		if (ignore_dups)
@@ -36,12 +41,8 @@ static int register_replace_object(struct replace_object *replace,
 		return 1;
 	}
 	pos = -pos - 1;
-	if (replace_object_alloc <= ++replace_object_nr) {
-		replace_object_alloc = alloc_nr(replace_object_alloc);
-		replace_object = xrealloc(replace_object,
-					  sizeof(*replace_object) *
-					  replace_object_alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(replace_object, replace_object_nr + 1, replace_object_alloc);
+	replace_object_nr++;
 	if (pos < replace_object_nr)
 		memmove(replace_object + pos + 1,
 			replace_object + pos,
@@ -60,14 +61,14 @@ static int register_replace_ref(const char *refname,
 	const char *hash = slash ? slash + 1 : refname;
 	struct replace_object *repl_obj = xmalloc(sizeof(*repl_obj));
 
-	if (strlen(hash) != 40 || get_sha1_hex(hash, repl_obj->sha1[0])) {
+	if (strlen(hash) != 40 || get_sha1_hex(hash, repl_obj->original)) {
 		free(repl_obj);
 		warning("bad replace ref name: %s", refname);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* Copy sha1 from the read ref */
-	hashcpy(repl_obj->sha1[1], sha1);
+	hashcpy(repl_obj->replacement, sha1);
 
 	/* Register new object */
 	if (register_replace_object(repl_obj, 1))
@@ -86,20 +87,24 @@ static void prepare_replace_object(void)
 	for_each_replace_ref(register_replace_ref, NULL);
 	replace_object_prepared = 1;
 	if (!replace_object_nr)
-		read_replace_refs = 0;
+		check_replace_refs = 0;
 }
 
 /* We allow "recursive" replacement. Only within reason, though */
 #define MAXREPLACEDEPTH 5
 
+/*
+ * If a replacement for object sha1 has been set up, return the
+ * replacement object's name (replaced recursively, if necessary).
+ * The return value is either sha1 or a pointer to a
+ * permanently-allocated value.  This function always respects replace
+ * references, regardless of the value of check_replace_refs.
+ */
 const unsigned char *do_lookup_replace_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int pos, depth = MAXREPLACEDEPTH;
 	const unsigned char *cur = sha1;
 
-	if (!read_replace_refs)
-		return sha1;
-
 	prepare_replace_object();
 
 	/* Try to recursively replace the object */
@@ -110,7 +115,7 @@ const unsigned char *do_lookup_replace_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 		pos = replace_object_pos(cur);
 		if (0 <= pos)
-			cur = replace_object[pos]->sha1[1];
+			cur = replace_object[pos]->replacement;
 	} while (0 <= pos);
 
 	return cur;
diff --git a/rerere.c b/rerere.c
index dcb525a4d0..31644dec04 100644
--- a/rerere.c
+++ b/rerere.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "rerere.h"
 #include "xdiff-interface.h"
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "resolve-undo.h"
 #include "ll-merge.h"
 #include "attr.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 #define RESOLVED 0
 #define PUNTED 1
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ const char *rerere_path(const char *hex, const char *file)
 	return git_path("rr-cache/%s/%s", hex, file);
 }
 
-int has_rerere_resolution(const char *hex)
+static int has_rerere_resolution(const char *hex)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	return !stat(rerere_path(hex, "postimage"), &st);
@@ -206,11 +208,11 @@ static int handle_path(unsigned char *sha1, struct rerere_io *io, int marker_siz
 			strbuf_reset(&one);
 			strbuf_reset(&two);
 		} else if (hunk == RR_SIDE_1)
-			strbuf_addstr(&one, buf.buf);
+			strbuf_addbuf(&one, &buf);
 		else if (hunk == RR_ORIGINAL)
 			; /* discard */
 		else if (hunk == RR_SIDE_2)
-			strbuf_addstr(&two, buf.buf);
+			strbuf_addbuf(&two, &buf);
 		else
 			rerere_io_putstr(buf.buf, io);
 		continue;
@@ -284,8 +286,10 @@ static int rerere_mem_getline(struct strbuf *sb, struct rerere_io *io_)
 	strbuf_release(sb);
 	if (!io->input.len)
 		return -1;
-	ep = strchrnul(io->input.buf, '\n');
-	if (*ep == '\n')
+	ep = memchr(io->input.buf, '\n', io->input.len);
+	if (!ep)
+		ep = io->input.buf + io->input.len;
+	else if (*ep == '\n')
 		ep++;
 	len = ep - io->input.buf;
 	strbuf_add(sb, io->input.buf, len);
@@ -295,9 +299,9 @@ static int rerere_mem_getline(struct strbuf *sb, struct rerere_io *io_)
 
 static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *output)
 {
-	mmfile_t mmfile[3];
+	mmfile_t mmfile[3] = {{NULL}};
 	mmbuffer_t result = {NULL, 0};
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	int pos, len, i, hunk_no;
 	struct rerere_io_mem io;
 	int marker_size = ll_merge_marker_size(path);
@@ -314,17 +318,16 @@ static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *outpu
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		enum object_type type;
 		unsigned long size;
+		int j;
 
-		mmfile[i].size = 0;
-		mmfile[i].ptr = NULL;
 		if (active_nr <= pos)
 			break;
 		ce = active_cache[pos++];
-		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len)
-		    || ce_stage(ce) != i + 1)
-			break;
-		mmfile[i].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
-		mmfile[i].size = size;
+		if (ce_namelen(ce) != len || memcmp(ce->name, path, len))
+			continue;
+		j = ce_stage(ce) - 1;
+		mmfile[j].ptr = read_sha1_file(ce->sha1, &type, &size);
+		mmfile[j].size = size;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		if (!mmfile[i].ptr && !mmfile[i].size)
@@ -358,7 +361,7 @@ static int handle_cache(const char *path, unsigned char *sha1, const char *outpu
 
 static int check_one_conflict(int i, int *type)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+	const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 
 	if (!ce_stage(e)) {
 		*type = RESOLVED;
@@ -373,8 +376,8 @@ static int check_one_conflict(int i, int *type)
 
 	/* Only handle regular files with both stages #2 and #3 */
 	if (i + 1 < active_nr) {
-		struct cache_entry *e2 = active_cache[i];
-		struct cache_entry *e3 = active_cache[i + 1];
+		const struct cache_entry *e2 = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e3 = active_cache[i + 1];
 		if (ce_stage(e2) == 2 &&
 		    ce_stage(e3) == 3 &&
 		    ce_same_name(e, e3) &&
@@ -397,7 +400,7 @@ static int find_conflict(struct string_list *conflict)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
 		int conflict_type;
-		struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 		i = check_one_conflict(i, &conflict_type);
 		if (conflict_type == THREE_STAGED)
 			string_list_insert(conflict, (const char *)e->name);
@@ -413,7 +416,7 @@ int rerere_remaining(struct string_list *merge_rr)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
 		int conflict_type;
-		struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *e = active_cache[i];
 		i = check_one_conflict(i, &conflict_type);
 		if (conflict_type == PUNTED)
 			string_list_insert(merge_rr, (const char *)e->name);
@@ -474,28 +477,23 @@ out:
 
 static struct lock_file index_lock;
 
-static int update_paths(struct string_list *update)
+static void update_paths(struct string_list *update)
 {
 	int i;
-	int fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 0);
-	int status = 0;
 
-	if (fd < 0)
-		return -1;
+	hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < update->nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *item = &update->items[i];
-		if (add_file_to_cache(item->string, ADD_CACHE_IGNORE_ERRORS))
-			status = -1;
+		if (add_file_to_cache(item->string, 0))
+			exit(128);
 	}
 
-	if (!status && active_cache_changed) {
-		if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
+	if (active_cache_changed) {
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die("Unable to write new index file");
-	} else if (fd >= 0)
+	} else
 		rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
-	return status;
 }
 
 static int do_plain_rerere(struct string_list *rr, int fd)
@@ -524,7 +522,7 @@ static int do_plain_rerere(struct string_list *rr, int fd)
 				continue;
 			hex = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 			string_list_insert(rr, path)->util = hex;
-			if (mkdir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", hex), 0755))
+			if (mkdir_in_gitdir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", hex)))
 				continue;
 			handle_file(path, NULL, rerere_path(hex, "preimage"));
 			fprintf(stderr, "Recorded preimage for '%s'\n", path);
@@ -544,13 +542,13 @@ static int do_plain_rerere(struct string_list *rr, int fd)
 
 		if (has_rerere_resolution(name)) {
 			if (!merge(name, path)) {
-				if (rerere_autoupdate)
+				const char *msg;
+				if (rerere_autoupdate) {
 					string_list_insert(&update, path);
-				fprintf(stderr,
-					"%s '%s' using previous resolution.\n",
-					rerere_autoupdate
-					? "Staged" : "Resolved",
-					path);
+					msg = "Staged '%s' using previous resolution.\n";
+				} else
+					msg = "Resolved '%s' using previous resolution.\n";
+				fprintf(stderr, msg, path);
 				goto mark_resolved;
 			}
 		}
@@ -572,15 +570,11 @@ static int do_plain_rerere(struct string_list *rr, int fd)
 	return write_rr(rr, fd);
 }
 
-static int git_rerere_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+static void git_rerere_config(void)
 {
-	if (!strcmp(var, "rerere.enabled"))
-		rerere_enabled = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "rerere.autoupdate"))
-		rerere_autoupdate = git_config_bool(var, value);
-	else
-		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
-	return 0;
+	git_config_get_bool("rerere.enabled", &rerere_enabled);
+	git_config_get_bool("rerere.autoupdate", &rerere_autoupdate);
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 }
 
 static int is_rerere_enabled(void)
@@ -605,7 +599,7 @@ int setup_rerere(struct string_list *merge_rr, int flags)
 {
 	int fd;
 
-	git_config(git_rerere_config, NULL);
+	git_rerere_config();
 	if (!is_rerere_enabled())
 		return -1;
 
@@ -655,7 +649,7 @@ static int rerere_forget_one_path(const char *path, struct string_list *rr)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int rerere_forget(const char **pathspec)
+int rerere_forget(struct pathspec *pathspec)
 {
 	int i, fd;
 	struct string_list conflict = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
@@ -670,8 +664,8 @@ int rerere_forget(const char **pathspec)
 	find_conflict(&conflict);
 	for (i = 0; i < conflict.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it = &conflict.items[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, it->string, strlen(it->string),
-				    0, NULL))
+		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, it->string,
+				    strlen(it->string), 0, NULL, 0))
 			continue;
 		rerere_forget_one_path(it->string, &merge_rr);
 	}
@@ -698,24 +692,6 @@ static void unlink_rr_item(const char *name)
 	rmdir(git_path("rr-cache/%s", name));
 }
 
-struct rerere_gc_config_cb {
-	int cutoff_noresolve;
-	int cutoff_resolve;
-};
-
-static int git_rerere_gc_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
-{
-	struct rerere_gc_config_cb *cf = cb;
-
-	if (!strcmp(var, "gc.rerereresolved"))
-		cf->cutoff_resolve = git_config_int(var, value);
-	else if (!strcmp(var, "gc.rerereunresolved"))
-		cf->cutoff_noresolve = git_config_int(var, value);
-	else
-		return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
-	return 0;
-}
-
 void rerere_gc(struct string_list *rr)
 {
 	struct string_list to_remove = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
@@ -723,9 +699,12 @@ void rerere_gc(struct string_list *rr)
 	struct dirent *e;
 	int i, cutoff;
 	time_t now = time(NULL), then;
-	struct rerere_gc_config_cb cf = { 15, 60 };
+	int cutoff_noresolve = 15;
+	int cutoff_resolve = 60;
 
-	git_config(git_rerere_gc_config, &cf);
+	git_config_get_int("gc.rerereresolved", &cutoff_resolve);
+	git_config_get_int("gc.rerereunresolved", &cutoff_noresolve);
+	git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 	dir = opendir(git_path("rr-cache"));
 	if (!dir)
 		die_errno("unable to open rr-cache directory");
@@ -735,12 +714,12 @@ void rerere_gc(struct string_list *rr)
 
 		then = rerere_last_used_at(e->d_name);
 		if (then) {
-			cutoff = cf.cutoff_resolve;
+			cutoff = cutoff_resolve;
 		} else {
 			then = rerere_created_at(e->d_name);
 			if (!then)
 				continue;
-			cutoff = cf.cutoff_noresolve;
+			cutoff = cutoff_noresolve;
 		}
 		if (then < now - cutoff * 86400)
 			string_list_append(&to_remove, e->d_name);
diff --git a/rerere.h b/rerere.h
index fcd8bc10ba..2956c2edf2 100644
--- a/rerere.h
+++ b/rerere.h
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #include "string-list.h"
 
+struct pathspec;
+
 #define RERERE_AUTOUPDATE   01
 #define RERERE_NOAUTOUPDATE 02
 
@@ -16,13 +18,12 @@ extern void *RERERE_RESOLVED;
 extern int setup_rerere(struct string_list *, int);
 extern int rerere(int);
 extern const char *rerere_path(const char *hex, const char *file);
-extern int has_rerere_resolution(const char *hex);
-extern int rerere_forget(const char **);
+extern int rerere_forget(struct pathspec *);
 extern int rerere_remaining(struct string_list *);
 extern void rerere_clear(struct string_list *);
 extern void rerere_gc(struct string_list *);
 
 #define OPT_RERERE_AUTOUPDATE(v) OPT_UYN(0, "rerere-autoupdate", (v), \
-	"update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible")
+	N_("update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible"))
 
 #endif
diff --git a/resolve-undo.c b/resolve-undo.c
index 72b46125b7..468a2eb92c 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.c
+++ b/resolve-undo.c
@@ -110,15 +110,16 @@ void resolve_undo_clear_index(struct index_state *istate)
 	string_list_clear(resolve_undo, 1);
 	free(resolve_undo);
 	istate->resolve_undo = NULL;
-	istate->cache_changed = 1;
+	istate->cache_changed |= RESOLVE_UNDO_CHANGED;
 }
 
 int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	struct string_list_item *item;
 	struct resolve_undo_info *ru;
-	int i, err = 0;
+	int i, err = 0, matched;
+	char *name;
 
 	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
 		return pos;
@@ -137,18 +138,23 @@ int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 	ru = item->util;
 	if (!ru)
 		return pos;
+	matched = ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED;
+	name = xstrdup(ce->name);
 	remove_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
 		struct cache_entry *nce;
 		if (!ru->mode[i])
 			continue;
 		nce = make_cache_entry(ru->mode[i], ru->sha1[i],
-				       ce->name, i + 1, 0);
+				       name, i + 1, 0);
+		if (matched)
+			nce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED;
 		if (add_index_entry(istate, nce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD)) {
 			err = 1;
-			error("cannot unmerge '%s'", ce->name);
+			error("cannot unmerge '%s'", name);
 		}
 	}
+	free(name);
 	if (err)
 		return pos;
 	free(ru);
@@ -156,7 +162,7 @@ int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *istate, int pos)
 	return unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, pos);
 }
 
-void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const char **pathspec)
+void unmerge_marked_index(struct index_state *istate)
 {
 	int i;
 
@@ -164,8 +170,22 @@ void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const char **pathspec)
 		return;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
-		if (!match_pathspec(pathspec, ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), 0, NULL))
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED)
+			i = unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, i);
+	}
+}
+
+void unmerge_index(struct index_state *istate, const struct pathspec *pathspec)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (!istate->resolve_undo)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, pathspec, NULL))
 			continue;
 		i = unmerge_index_entry_at(istate, i);
 	}
diff --git a/resolve-undo.h b/resolve-undo.h
index 845876911d..46306455ed 100644
--- a/resolve-undo.h
+++ b/resolve-undo.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ extern void resolve_undo_write(struct strbuf *, struct string_list *);
 extern struct string_list *resolve_undo_read(const char *, unsigned long);
 extern void resolve_undo_clear_index(struct index_state *);
 extern int unmerge_index_entry_at(struct index_state *, int);
-extern void unmerge_index(struct index_state *, const char **);
+extern void unmerge_index(struct index_state *, const struct pathspec *);
+extern void unmerge_marked_index(struct index_state *);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/revision.c b/revision.c
index 819ff012ff..6399a0412c 100644
--- a/revision.c
+++ b/revision.c
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@
 #include "decorate.h"
 #include "log-tree.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
+#include "line-log.h"
+#include "mailmap.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
+#include "dir.h"
+#include "cache-tree.h"
 
 volatile show_early_output_fn_t show_early_output;
 
@@ -69,7 +74,8 @@ static int show_path_truncated(FILE *out, const struct name_path *path)
 	return ours || emitted;
 }
 
-void show_object_with_name(FILE *out, struct object *obj, const struct name_path *path, const char *component)
+void show_object_with_name(FILE *out, struct object *obj,
+			   const struct name_path *path, const char *component)
 {
 	struct name_path leaf;
 	leaf.up = (struct name_path *)path;
@@ -81,14 +87,6 @@ void show_object_with_name(FILE *out, struct object *obj, const struct name_path
 	fputc('\n', out);
 }
 
-void add_object(struct object *obj,
-		struct object_array *p,
-		struct name_path *path,
-		const char *name)
-{
-	add_object_array(obj, path_name(path, name), p);
-}
-
 static void mark_blob_uninteresting(struct blob *blob)
 {
 	if (!blob)
@@ -98,17 +96,12 @@ static void mark_blob_uninteresting(struct blob *blob)
 	blob->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 }
 
-void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
+static void mark_tree_contents_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
 {
 	struct tree_desc desc;
 	struct name_entry entry;
 	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
 
-	if (!tree)
-		return;
-	if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
-		return;
-	obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 	if (!has_sha1_file(obj->sha1))
 		return;
 	if (parse_tree(tree) < 0)
@@ -133,8 +126,19 @@ void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
 	 * We don't care about the tree any more
 	 * after it has been marked uninteresting.
 	 */
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
+}
+
+void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	struct object *obj = &tree->object;
+
+	if (!tree)
+		return;
+	if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
+		return;
+	obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+	mark_tree_contents_uninteresting(tree);
 }
 
 void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit)
@@ -185,7 +189,10 @@ void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit)
 	}
 }
 
-static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name, unsigned mode)
+static void add_pending_object_with_path(struct rev_info *revs,
+					 struct object *obj,
+					 const char *name, unsigned mode,
+					 const char *path)
 {
 	if (!obj)
 		return;
@@ -193,7 +200,7 @@ static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *o
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	if (revs->reflog_info && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int len = interpret_branch_name(name, &buf);
+		int len = interpret_branch_name(name, 0, &buf);
 		int st;
 
 		if (0 < len && name[len] && buf.len)
@@ -205,10 +212,18 @@ static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *o
 		if (st)
 			return;
 	}
-	add_object_array_with_mode(obj, name, &revs->pending, mode);
+	add_object_array_with_path(obj, name, &revs->pending, mode, path);
 }
 
-void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name)
+static void add_pending_object_with_mode(struct rev_info *revs,
+					 struct object *obj,
+					 const char *name, unsigned mode)
+{
+	add_pending_object_with_path(revs, obj, name, mode, NULL);
+}
+
+void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs,
+			struct object *obj, const char *name)
 {
 	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, obj, name, S_IFINVALID);
 }
@@ -225,7 +240,9 @@ void add_head_to_pending(struct rev_info *revs)
 	add_pending_object(revs, obj, "HEAD");
 }
 
-static struct object *get_reference(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags)
+static struct object *get_reference(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name,
+				    const unsigned char *sha1,
+				    unsigned int flags)
 {
 	struct object *object;
 
@@ -246,8 +263,13 @@ void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name,
 	add_pending_object(revs, object, name);
 }
 
-static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object, const char *name)
+static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs,
+				    struct object_array_entry *entry)
 {
+	struct object *object = entry->item;
+	const char *name = entry->name;
+	const char *path = entry->path;
+	unsigned int mode = entry->mode;
 	unsigned long flags = object->flags;
 
 	/*
@@ -265,6 +287,15 @@ static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object
 				return NULL;
 			die("bad object %s", sha1_to_hex(tag->tagged->sha1));
 		}
+		object->flags |= flags;
+		/*
+		 * We'll handle the tagged object by looping or dropping
+		 * through to the non-tag handlers below. Do not
+		 * propagate data from the tag's pending entry.
+		 */
+		name = "";
+		path = NULL;
+		mode = 0;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -276,12 +307,11 @@ static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object
 		if (parse_commit(commit) < 0)
 			die("unable to parse commit %s", name);
 		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
-			commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
 			mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
 			revs->limited = 1;
 		}
 		if (revs->show_source && !commit->util)
-			commit->util = (void *) name;
+			commit->util = xstrdup(name);
 		return commit;
 	}
 
@@ -294,10 +324,10 @@ static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object
 		if (!revs->tree_objects)
 			return NULL;
 		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
-			mark_tree_uninteresting(tree);
+			mark_tree_contents_uninteresting(tree);
 			return NULL;
 		}
-		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+		add_pending_object_with_path(revs, object, name, mode, path);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
@@ -305,14 +335,11 @@ static struct commit *handle_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *object
 	 * Blob object? You know the drill by now..
 	 */
 	if (object->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
-		struct blob *blob = (struct blob *)object;
 		if (!revs->blob_objects)
 			return NULL;
-		if (flags & UNINTERESTING) {
-			mark_blob_uninteresting(blob);
+		if (flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			return NULL;
-		}
-		add_pending_object(revs, object, "");
+		add_pending_object_with_path(revs, object, name, mode, path);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	die("%s is unknown object", name);
@@ -332,6 +359,80 @@ static int everybody_uninteresting(struct commit_list *orig)
 }
 
 /*
+ * A definition of "relevant" commit that we can use to simplify limited graphs
+ * by eliminating side branches.
+ *
+ * A "relevant" commit is one that is !UNINTERESTING (ie we are including it
+ * in our list), or that is a specified BOTTOM commit. Then after computing
+ * a limited list, during processing we can generally ignore boundary merges
+ * coming from outside the graph, (ie from irrelevant parents), and treat
+ * those merges as if they were single-parent. TREESAME is defined to consider
+ * only relevant parents, if any. If we are TREESAME to our on-graph parents,
+ * we don't care if we were !TREESAME to non-graph parents.
+ *
+ * Treating bottom commits as relevant ensures that a limited graph's
+ * connection to the actual bottom commit is not viewed as a side branch, but
+ * treated as part of the graph. For example:
+ *
+ *   ....Z...A---X---o---o---B
+ *        .     /
+ *         W---Y
+ *
+ * When computing "A..B", the A-X connection is at least as important as
+ * Y-X, despite A being flagged UNINTERESTING.
+ *
+ * And when computing --ancestry-path "A..B", the A-X connection is more
+ * important than Y-X, despite both A and Y being flagged UNINTERESTING.
+ */
+static inline int relevant_commit(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	return (commit->object.flags & (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM)) != UNINTERESTING;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a single relevant commit from a parent list. If we are a TREESAME
+ * commit, and this selects one of our parents, then we can safely simplify to
+ * that parent.
+ */
+static struct commit *one_relevant_parent(const struct rev_info *revs,
+					  struct commit_list *orig)
+{
+	struct commit_list *list = orig;
+	struct commit *relevant = NULL;
+
+	if (!orig)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * For 1-parent commits, or if first-parent-only, then return that
+	 * first parent (even if not "relevant" by the above definition).
+	 * TREESAME will have been set purely on that parent.
+	 */
+	if (revs->first_parent_only || !orig->next)
+		return orig->item;
+
+	/*
+	 * For multi-parent commits, identify a sole relevant parent, if any.
+	 * If we have only one relevant parent, then TREESAME will be set purely
+	 * with regard to that parent, and we can simplify accordingly.
+	 *
+	 * If we have more than one relevant parent, or no relevant parents
+	 * (and multiple irrelevant ones), then we can't select a parent here
+	 * and return NULL.
+	 */
+	while (list) {
+		struct commit *commit = list->item;
+		list = list->next;
+		if (relevant_commit(commit)) {
+			if (relevant)
+				return NULL;
+			relevant = commit;
+		}
+	}
+	return relevant;
+}
+
+/*
  * The goal is to get REV_TREE_NEW as the result only if the
  * diff consists of all '+' (and no other changes), REV_TREE_OLD
  * if the whole diff is removal of old data, and otherwise
@@ -345,6 +446,7 @@ static int tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
 static void file_add_remove(struct diff_options *options,
 		    int addremove, unsigned mode,
 		    const unsigned char *sha1,
+		    int sha1_valid,
 		    const char *fullpath, unsigned dirty_submodule)
 {
 	int diff = addremove == '+' ? REV_TREE_NEW : REV_TREE_OLD;
@@ -358,6 +460,7 @@ static void file_change(struct diff_options *options,
 		 unsigned old_mode, unsigned new_mode,
 		 const unsigned char *old_sha1,
 		 const unsigned char *new_sha1,
+		 int old_sha1_valid, int new_sha1_valid,
 		 const char *fullpath,
 		 unsigned old_dirty_submodule, unsigned new_dirty_submodule)
 {
@@ -365,7 +468,8 @@ static void file_change(struct diff_options *options,
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(options, HAS_CHANGES);
 }
 
-static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commit *commit)
+static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs,
+			    struct commit *parent, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct tree *t1 = parent->tree;
 	struct tree *t2 = commit->tree;
@@ -380,7 +484,7 @@ static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct
 		 * If we are simplifying by decoration, then the commit
 		 * is worth showing if it has a tag pointing at it.
 		 */
-		if (lookup_decoration(&name_decoration, &commit->object))
+		if (get_name_decoration(&commit->object))
 			return REV_TREE_DIFFERENT;
 		/*
 		 * A commit that is not pointed by a tag is uninteresting
@@ -404,32 +508,137 @@ static int rev_compare_tree(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct
 static int rev_same_tree_as_empty(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	int retval;
-	void *tree;
-	unsigned long size;
-	struct tree_desc empty, real;
 	struct tree *t1 = commit->tree;
 
 	if (!t1)
 		return 0;
 
-	tree = read_object_with_reference(t1->object.sha1, tree_type, &size, NULL);
-	if (!tree)
-		return 0;
-	init_tree_desc(&real, tree, size);
-	init_tree_desc(&empty, "", 0);
-
 	tree_difference = REV_TREE_SAME;
 	DIFF_OPT_CLR(&revs->pruning, HAS_CHANGES);
-	retval = diff_tree(&empty, &real, "", &revs->pruning);
-	free(tree);
+	retval = diff_tree_sha1(NULL, t1->object.sha1, "", &revs->pruning);
 
 	return retval >= 0 && (tree_difference == REV_TREE_SAME);
 }
 
+struct treesame_state {
+	unsigned int nparents;
+	unsigned char treesame[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static struct treesame_state *initialise_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	unsigned n = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+	struct treesame_state *st = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*st) + n);
+	st->nparents = n;
+	add_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object, st);
+	return st;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Must be called immediately after removing the nth_parent from a commit's
+ * parent list, if we are maintaining the per-parent treesame[] decoration.
+ * This does not recalculate the master TREESAME flag - update_treesame()
+ * should be called to update it after a sequence of treesame[] modifications
+ * that may have affected it.
+ */
+static int compact_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, unsigned nth_parent)
+{
+	struct treesame_state *st;
+	int old_same;
+
+	if (!commit->parents) {
+		/*
+		 * Have just removed the only parent from a non-merge.
+		 * Different handling, as we lack decoration.
+		 */
+		if (nth_parent != 0)
+			die("compact_treesame %u", nth_parent);
+		old_same = !!(commit->object.flags & TREESAME);
+		if (rev_same_tree_as_empty(revs, commit))
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		return old_same;
+	}
+
+	st = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+	if (!st || nth_parent >= st->nparents)
+		die("compact_treesame %u", nth_parent);
+
+	old_same = st->treesame[nth_parent];
+	memmove(st->treesame + nth_parent,
+		st->treesame + nth_parent + 1,
+		st->nparents - nth_parent - 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we've just become a non-merge commit, update TREESAME
+	 * immediately, and remove the no-longer-needed decoration.
+	 * If still a merge, defer update until update_treesame().
+	 */
+	if (--st->nparents == 1) {
+		if (commit->parents->next)
+			die("compact_treesame parents mismatch");
+		if (st->treesame[0] && revs->dense)
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		free(add_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object, NULL));
+	}
+
+	return old_same;
+}
+
+static unsigned update_treesame(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (commit->parents && commit->parents->next) {
+		unsigned n;
+		struct treesame_state *st;
+		struct commit_list *p;
+		unsigned relevant_parents;
+		unsigned relevant_change, irrelevant_change;
+
+		st = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+		if (!st)
+			die("update_treesame %s", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+		relevant_parents = 0;
+		relevant_change = irrelevant_change = 0;
+		for (p = commit->parents, n = 0; p; n++, p = p->next) {
+			if (relevant_commit(p->item)) {
+				relevant_change |= !st->treesame[n];
+				relevant_parents++;
+			} else
+				irrelevant_change |= !st->treesame[n];
+		}
+		if (relevant_parents ? relevant_change : irrelevant_change)
+			commit->object.flags &= ~TREESAME;
+		else
+			commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+	}
+
+	return commit->object.flags & TREESAME;
+}
+
+static inline int limiting_can_increase_treesame(const struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	/*
+	 * TREESAME is irrelevant unless prune && dense;
+	 * if simplify_history is set, we can't have a mixture of TREESAME and
+	 *    !TREESAME INTERESTING parents (and we don't have treesame[]
+	 *    decoration anyway);
+	 * if first_parent_only is set, then the TREESAME flag is locked
+	 *    against the first parent (and again we lack treesame[] decoration).
+	 */
+	return revs->prune && revs->dense &&
+	       !revs->simplify_history &&
+	       !revs->first_parent_only;
+}
+
 static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	struct commit_list **pp, *parent;
-	int tree_changed = 0, tree_same = 0, nth_parent = 0;
+	struct treesame_state *ts = NULL;
+	int relevant_change = 0, irrelevant_change = 0;
+	int relevant_parents, nth_parent;
 
 	/*
 	 * If we don't do pruning, everything is interesting
@@ -453,33 +662,54 @@ static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 	if (!revs->dense && !commit->parents->next)
 		return;
 
-	pp = &commit->parents;
-	while ((parent = *pp) != NULL) {
+	for (pp = &commit->parents, nth_parent = 0, relevant_parents = 0;
+	     (parent = *pp) != NULL;
+	     pp = &parent->next, nth_parent++) {
 		struct commit *p = parent->item;
+		if (relevant_commit(p))
+			relevant_parents++;
 
-		/*
-		 * Do not compare with later parents when we care only about
-		 * the first parent chain, in order to avoid derailing the
-		 * traversal to follow a side branch that brought everything
-		 * in the path we are limited to by the pathspec.
-		 */
-		if (revs->first_parent_only && nth_parent++)
-			break;
+		if (nth_parent == 1) {
+			/*
+			 * This our second loop iteration - so we now know
+			 * we're dealing with a merge.
+			 *
+			 * Do not compare with later parents when we care only about
+			 * the first parent chain, in order to avoid derailing the
+			 * traversal to follow a side branch that brought everything
+			 * in the path we are limited to by the pathspec.
+			 */
+			if (revs->first_parent_only)
+				break;
+			/*
+			 * If this will remain a potentially-simplifiable
+			 * merge, remember per-parent treesame if needed.
+			 * Initialise the array with the comparison from our
+			 * first iteration.
+			 */
+			if (revs->treesame.name &&
+			    !revs->simplify_history &&
+			    !(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+				ts = initialise_treesame(revs, commit);
+				if (!(irrelevant_change || relevant_change))
+					ts->treesame[0] = 1;
+			}
+		}
 		if (parse_commit(p) < 0)
 			die("cannot simplify commit %s (because of %s)",
 			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1),
 			    sha1_to_hex(p->object.sha1));
 		switch (rev_compare_tree(revs, p, commit)) {
 		case REV_TREE_SAME:
-			tree_same = 1;
-			if (!revs->simplify_history || (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)) {
+			if (!revs->simplify_history || !relevant_commit(p)) {
 				/* Even if a merge with an uninteresting
 				 * side branch brought the entire change
 				 * we are interested in, we do not want
 				 * to lose the other branches of this
 				 * merge, so we just keep going.
 				 */
-				pp = &parent->next;
+				if (ts)
+					ts->treesame[nth_parent] = 1;
 				continue;
 			}
 			parent->next = NULL;
@@ -507,15 +737,27 @@ static void try_to_simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 		/* fallthrough */
 		case REV_TREE_OLD:
 		case REV_TREE_DIFFERENT:
-			tree_changed = 1;
-			pp = &parent->next;
+			if (relevant_commit(p))
+				relevant_change = 1;
+			else
+				irrelevant_change = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
 		die("bad tree compare for commit %s", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 	}
-	if (tree_changed && !tree_same)
-		return;
-	commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
+
+	/*
+	 * TREESAME is straightforward for single-parent commits. For merge
+	 * commits, it is most useful to define it so that "irrelevant"
+	 * parents cannot make us !TREESAME - if we have any relevant
+	 * parents, then we only consider TREESAMEness with respect to them,
+	 * allowing irrelevant merges from uninteresting branches to be
+	 * simplified away. Only if we have only irrelevant parents do we
+	 * base TREESAME on them. Note that this logic is replicated in
+	 * update_treesame, which should be kept in sync.
+	 */
+	if (relevant_parents ? !relevant_change : !irrelevant_change)
+		commit->object.flags |= TREESAME;
 }
 
 static void commit_list_insert_by_date_cached(struct commit *p, struct commit_list **head,
@@ -543,6 +785,10 @@ static int add_parents_to_list(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
 		return 0;
 	commit->object.flags |= ADDED;
 
+	if (revs->include_check &&
+	    !revs->include_check(commit, revs->include_check_data))
+		return 0;
+
 	/*
 	 * If the commit is uninteresting, don't try to
 	 * prune parents - we want the maximal uninteresting
@@ -706,7 +952,7 @@ static int still_interesting(struct commit_list *src, unsigned long date, int sl
 	 * Does the destination list contain entries with a date
 	 * before the source list? Definitely _not_ done.
 	 */
-	if (date < src->item->date)
+	if (date <= src->item->date)
 		return SLOP;
 
 	/*
@@ -798,16 +1044,12 @@ static void limit_to_ancestry(struct commit_list *bottom, struct commit_list *li
  * to filter the result of "A..B" further to the ones that can actually
  * reach A.
  */
-static struct commit_list *collect_bottom_commits(struct rev_info *revs)
+static struct commit_list *collect_bottom_commits(struct commit_list *list)
 {
-	struct commit_list *bottom = NULL;
-	int i;
-	for (i = 0; i < revs->cmdline.nr; i++) {
-		struct rev_cmdline_entry *elem = &revs->cmdline.rev[i];
-		if ((elem->flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
-		    elem->item->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
-			commit_list_insert((struct commit *)elem->item, &bottom);
-	}
+	struct commit_list *elem, *bottom = NULL;
+	for (elem = list; elem; elem = elem->next)
+		if (elem->item->object.flags & BOTTOM)
+			commit_list_insert(elem->item, &bottom);
 	return bottom;
 }
 
@@ -838,7 +1080,7 @@ static int limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 	struct commit_list *bottom = NULL;
 
 	if (revs->ancestry_path) {
-		bottom = collect_bottom_commits(revs);
+		bottom = collect_bottom_commits(list);
 		if (!bottom)
 			die("--ancestry-path given but there are no bottom commits");
 	}
@@ -891,10 +1133,26 @@ static int limit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 		free_commit_list(bottom);
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Check if any commits have become TREESAME by some of their parents
+	 * becoming UNINTERESTING.
+	 */
+	if (limiting_can_increase_treesame(revs))
+		for (list = newlist; list; list = list->next) {
+			struct commit *c = list->item;
+			if (c->object.flags & (UNINTERESTING | TREESAME))
+				continue;
+			update_treesame(revs, c);
+		}
+
 	revs->commits = newlist;
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Add an entry to refs->cmdline with the specified information.
+ * *name is copied.
+ */
 static void add_rev_cmdline(struct rev_info *revs,
 			    struct object *item,
 			    const char *name,
@@ -906,12 +1164,25 @@ static void add_rev_cmdline(struct rev_info *revs,
 
 	ALLOC_GROW(info->rev, nr + 1, info->alloc);
 	info->rev[nr].item = item;
-	info->rev[nr].name = name;
+	info->rev[nr].name = xstrdup(name);
 	info->rev[nr].whence = whence;
 	info->rev[nr].flags = flags;
 	info->nr++;
 }
 
+static void add_rev_cmdline_list(struct rev_info *revs,
+				 struct commit_list *commit_list,
+				 int whence,
+				 unsigned flags)
+{
+	while (commit_list) {
+		struct object *object = &commit_list->item->object;
+		add_rev_cmdline(revs, object, sha1_to_hex(object->sha1),
+				whence, flags);
+		commit_list = commit_list->next;
+	}
+}
+
 struct all_refs_cb {
 	int all_flags;
 	int warned_bad_reflog;
@@ -919,11 +1190,28 @@ struct all_refs_cb {
 	const char *name_for_errormsg;
 };
 
+int ref_excluded(struct string_list *ref_excludes, const char *path)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!ref_excludes)
+		return 0;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, ref_excludes) {
+		if (!wildmatch(item->string, path, 0, NULL))
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int handle_one_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	struct all_refs_cb *cb = cb_data;
-	struct object *object = get_reference(cb->all_revs, path, sha1,
-					      cb->all_flags);
+	struct object *object;
+
+	if (ref_excluded(cb->all_revs->ref_excludes, path))
+	    return 0;
+
+	object = get_reference(cb->all_revs, path, sha1, cb->all_flags);
 	add_rev_cmdline(cb->all_revs, object, path, REV_CMD_REF, cb->all_flags);
 	add_pending_sha1(cb->all_revs, path, sha1, cb->all_flags);
 	return 0;
@@ -936,6 +1224,24 @@ static void init_all_refs_cb(struct all_refs_cb *cb, struct rev_info *revs,
 	cb->all_flags = flags;
 }
 
+void clear_ref_exclusion(struct string_list **ref_excludes_p)
+{
+	if (*ref_excludes_p) {
+		string_list_clear(*ref_excludes_p, 0);
+		free(*ref_excludes_p);
+	}
+	*ref_excludes_p = NULL;
+}
+
+void add_ref_exclusion(struct string_list **ref_excludes_p, const char *exclude)
+{
+	if (!*ref_excludes_p) {
+		*ref_excludes_p = xcalloc(1, sizeof(**ref_excludes_p));
+		(*ref_excludes_p)->strdup_strings = 1;
+	}
+	string_list_append(*ref_excludes_p, exclude);
+}
+
 static void handle_refs(const char *submodule, struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags,
 		int (*for_each)(const char *, each_ref_fn, void *))
 {
@@ -980,7 +1286,7 @@ static int handle_one_reflog(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int fl
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void handle_reflog(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags)
+void add_reflogs_to_pending(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags)
 {
 	struct all_refs_cb cb;
 	cb.all_revs = revs;
@@ -988,6 +1294,53 @@ static void handle_reflog(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags)
 	for_each_reflog(handle_one_reflog, &cb);
 }
 
+static void add_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it, struct rev_info *revs,
+			   struct strbuf *path)
+{
+	size_t baselen = path->len;
+	int i;
+
+	if (it->entry_count >= 0) {
+		struct tree *tree = lookup_tree(it->sha1);
+		add_pending_object_with_path(revs, &tree->object, "",
+					     040000, path->buf);
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < it->subtree_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_tree_sub *sub = it->down[i];
+		strbuf_addf(path, "%s%s", baselen ? "/" : "", sub->name);
+		add_cache_tree(sub->cache_tree, revs, path);
+		strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+	}
+
+}
+
+void add_index_objects_to_pending(struct rev_info *revs, unsigned flags)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	read_cache();
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		struct blob *blob;
+
+		if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
+			continue;
+
+		blob = lookup_blob(ce->sha1);
+		if (!blob)
+			die("unable to add index blob to traversal");
+		add_pending_object_with_path(revs, &blob->object, "",
+					     ce->ce_mode, ce->name);
+	}
+
+	if (active_cache_tree) {
+		struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+		add_cache_tree(active_cache_tree, revs, &path);
+		strbuf_release(&path);
+	}
+}
+
 static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg_, int flags)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -997,10 +1350,10 @@ static int add_parents_only(struct rev_info *revs, const char *arg_, int flags)
 	const char *arg = arg_;
 
 	if (*arg == '^') {
-		flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+		flags ^= UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 		arg++;
 	}
-	if (get_sha1(arg, sha1))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(arg, sha1))
 		return 0;
 	while (1) {
 		it = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, 0);
@@ -1035,7 +1388,7 @@ void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix)
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->pruning, QUICK);
 	revs->pruning.add_remove = file_add_remove;
 	revs->pruning.change = file_change;
-	revs->lifo = 1;
+	revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 	revs->dense = 1;
 	revs->prefix = prefix;
 	revs->max_age = -1;
@@ -1046,9 +1399,9 @@ void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix)
 
 	revs->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_DEFAULT;
 
+	init_grep_defaults();
+	grep_init(&revs->grep_filter, prefix);
 	revs->grep_filter.status_only = 1;
-	revs->grep_filter.pattern_tail = &(revs->grep_filter.pattern_list);
-	revs->grep_filter.header_tail = &(revs->grep_filter.header_list);
 	revs->grep_filter.regflags = REG_NEWLINE;
 
 	diff_setup(&revs->diffopt);
@@ -1088,20 +1441,21 @@ static void prepare_show_merge(struct rev_info *revs)
 	other = lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, "MERGE_HEAD");
 	add_pending_object(revs, &head->object, "HEAD");
 	add_pending_object(revs, &other->object, "MERGE_HEAD");
-	bases = get_merge_bases(head, other, 1);
-	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING);
+	bases = get_merge_bases(head, other);
+	add_rev_cmdline_list(revs, bases, REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE, UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
+	add_pending_commit_list(revs, bases, UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
 	free_commit_list(bases);
 	head->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
 
 	if (!active_nr)
 		read_cache();
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (!ce_stage(ce))
 			continue;
-		if (ce_path_match(ce, &revs->prune_data)) {
+		if (ce_path_match(ce, &revs->prune_data, NULL)) {
 			prune_num++;
-			prune = xrealloc(prune, sizeof(*prune) * prune_num);
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(prune, prune_num);
 			prune[prune_num-2] = ce->name;
 			prune[prune_num-1] = NULL;
 		}
@@ -1110,20 +1464,23 @@ static void prepare_show_merge(struct rev_info *revs)
 			i++;
 	}
 	free_pathspec(&revs->prune_data);
-	init_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, prune);
+	parse_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
+		       PATHSPEC_PREFER_FULL | PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", prune);
 	revs->limited = 1;
 }
 
-int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs,
-			int flags,
-			int cant_be_filename)
+int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs, int flags, unsigned revarg_opt)
 {
-	unsigned mode;
+	struct object_context oc;
 	char *dotdot;
 	struct object *object;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	int local_flags;
 	const char *arg = arg_;
+	int cant_be_filename = revarg_opt & REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME;
+	unsigned get_sha1_flags = 0;
+
+	flags = flags & UNINTERESTING ? flags | BOTTOM : flags & ~BOTTOM;
 
 	dotdot = strstr(arg, "..");
 	if (dotdot) {
@@ -1131,53 +1488,83 @@ int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs,
 		const char *next = dotdot + 2;
 		const char *this = arg;
 		int symmetric = *next == '.';
-		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ UNINTERESTING;
+		unsigned int flags_exclude = flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM);
+		static const char head_by_default[] = "HEAD";
 		unsigned int a_flags;
 
 		*dotdot = 0;
 		next += symmetric;
 
 		if (!*next)
-			next = "HEAD";
+			next = head_by_default;
 		if (dotdot == arg)
-			this = "HEAD";
-		if (!get_sha1(this, from_sha1) &&
-		    !get_sha1(next, sha1)) {
-			struct commit *a, *b;
-			struct commit_list *exclude;
-
-			a = lookup_commit_reference(from_sha1);
-			b = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-			if (!a || !b) {
-				if (revs->ignore_missing)
-					return 0;
-				die(symmetric ?
-				    "Invalid symmetric difference expression %s...%s" :
-				    "Invalid revision range %s..%s",
-				    arg, next);
+			this = head_by_default;
+		if (this == head_by_default && next == head_by_default &&
+		    !symmetric) {
+			/*
+			 * Just ".."?  That is not a range but the
+			 * pathspec for the parent directory.
+			 */
+			if (!cant_be_filename) {
+				*dotdot = '.';
+				return -1;
 			}
+		}
+		if (!get_sha1_committish(this, from_sha1) &&
+		    !get_sha1_committish(next, sha1)) {
+			struct object *a_obj, *b_obj;
 
 			if (!cant_be_filename) {
 				*dotdot = '.';
 				verify_non_filename(revs->prefix, arg);
 			}
 
-			if (symmetric) {
-				exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b, 1);
+			a_obj = parse_object(from_sha1);
+			b_obj = parse_object(sha1);
+			if (!a_obj || !b_obj) {
+			missing:
+				if (revs->ignore_missing)
+					return 0;
+				die(symmetric
+				    ? "Invalid symmetric difference expression %s"
+				    : "Invalid revision range %s", arg);
+			}
+
+			if (!symmetric) {
+				/* just A..B */
+				a_flags = flags_exclude;
+			} else {
+				/* A...B -- find merge bases between the two */
+				struct commit *a, *b;
+				struct commit_list *exclude;
+
+				a = (a_obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT
+				     ? (struct commit *)a_obj
+				     : lookup_commit_reference(a_obj->sha1));
+				b = (b_obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT
+				     ? (struct commit *)b_obj
+				     : lookup_commit_reference(b_obj->sha1));
+				if (!a || !b)
+					goto missing;
+				exclude = get_merge_bases(a, b);
+				add_rev_cmdline_list(revs, exclude,
+						     REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE,
+						     flags_exclude);
 				add_pending_commit_list(revs, exclude,
 							flags_exclude);
 				free_commit_list(exclude);
+
 				a_flags = flags | SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
-			} else
-				a_flags = flags_exclude;
-			a->object.flags |= a_flags;
-			b->object.flags |= flags;
-			add_rev_cmdline(revs, &a->object, this,
+			}
+
+			a_obj->flags |= a_flags;
+			b_obj->flags |= flags;
+			add_rev_cmdline(revs, a_obj, this,
 					REV_CMD_LEFT, a_flags);
-			add_rev_cmdline(revs, &b->object, next,
+			add_rev_cmdline(revs, b_obj, next,
 					REV_CMD_RIGHT, flags);
-			add_pending_object(revs, &a->object, this);
-			add_pending_object(revs, &b->object, next);
+			add_pending_object(revs, a_obj, this);
+			add_pending_object(revs, b_obj, next);
 			return 0;
 		}
 		*dotdot = '.';
@@ -1192,22 +1579,26 @@ int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg_, struct rev_info *revs,
 	dotdot = strstr(arg, "^!");
 	if (dotdot && !dotdot[2]) {
 		*dotdot = 0;
-		if (!add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags ^ UNINTERESTING))
+		if (!add_parents_only(revs, arg, flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM)))
 			*dotdot = '^';
 	}
 
 	local_flags = 0;
 	if (*arg == '^') {
-		local_flags = UNINTERESTING;
+		local_flags = UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 		arg++;
 	}
-	if (get_sha1_with_mode(arg, sha1, &mode))
+
+	if (revarg_opt & REVARG_COMMITTISH)
+		get_sha1_flags = GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH;
+
+	if (get_sha1_with_context(arg, get_sha1_flags, sha1, &oc))
 		return revs->ignore_missing ? 0 : -1;
 	if (!cant_be_filename)
 		verify_non_filename(revs->prefix, arg);
 	object = get_reference(revs, arg, sha1, flags ^ local_flags);
 	add_rev_cmdline(revs, object, arg_, REV_CMD_REV, flags ^ local_flags);
-	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, arg, mode);
+	add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, arg, oc.mode);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -1220,7 +1611,7 @@ struct cmdline_pathspec {
 static void append_prune_data(struct cmdline_pathspec *prune, const char **av)
 {
 	while (*av) {
-		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr+1, prune->alloc);
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr + 1, prune->alloc);
 		prune->path[prune->nr++] = *(av++);
 	}
 }
@@ -1232,7 +1623,7 @@ static void read_pathspec_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs, struct strbuf *sb,
 		int len = sb->len;
 		if (len && sb->buf[len - 1] == '\n')
 			sb->buf[--len] = '\0';
-		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr+1, prune->alloc);
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune->path, prune->nr + 1, prune->alloc);
 		prune->path[prune->nr++] = xstrdup(sb->buf);
 	}
 }
@@ -1242,6 +1633,10 @@ static void read_revisions_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs,
 {
 	struct strbuf sb;
 	int seen_dashdash = 0;
+	int save_warning;
+
+	save_warning = warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 0;
 
 	strbuf_init(&sb, 1000);
 	while (strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
@@ -1257,12 +1652,15 @@ static void read_revisions_from_stdin(struct rev_info *revs,
 			}
 			die("options not supported in --stdin mode");
 		}
-		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0, 1))
+		if (handle_revision_arg(sb.buf, revs, 0,
+					REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME))
 			die("bad revision '%s'", sb.buf);
 	}
 	if (seen_dashdash)
 		read_pathspec_from_stdin(revs, &sb, prune);
+
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = save_warning;
 }
 
 static void add_grep(struct rev_info *revs, const char *ptn, enum grep_pat_token what)
@@ -1292,9 +1690,11 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	    !strcmp(arg, "--tags") || !strcmp(arg, "--remotes") ||
 	    !strcmp(arg, "--reflog") || !strcmp(arg, "--not") ||
 	    !strcmp(arg, "--no-walk") || !strcmp(arg, "--do-walk") ||
-	    !strcmp(arg, "--bisect") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--glob=") ||
-	    !prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--tags=") ||
-	    !prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes="))
+	    !strcmp(arg, "--bisect") || starts_with(arg, "--glob=") ||
+	    !strcmp(arg, "--indexed-objects") ||
+	    starts_with(arg, "--exclude=") ||
+	    starts_with(arg, "--branches=") || starts_with(arg, "--tags=") ||
+	    starts_with(arg, "--remotes=") || starts_with(arg, "--no-walk="))
 	{
 		unkv[(*unkc)++] = arg;
 		return 1;
@@ -1308,8 +1708,10 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->skip_count = atoi(optarg);
 		return argcount;
 	} else if ((*arg == '-') && isdigit(arg[1])) {
-	/* accept -<digit>, like traditional "head" */
-		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 1);
+		/* accept -<digit>, like traditional "head" */
+		if (strtol_i(arg + 1, 10, &revs->max_count) < 0 ||
+		    revs->max_count < 0)
+			die("'%s': not a non-negative integer", arg + 1);
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-n")) {
 		if (argc <= 1)
@@ -1317,7 +1719,7 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->max_count = atoi(argv[1]);
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 		return 2;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "-n")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "-n")) {
 		revs->max_count = atoi(arg + 2);
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("max-age", argv, &optarg))) {
@@ -1354,15 +1756,17 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--merge")) {
 		revs->show_merge = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--topo-order")) {
-		revs->lifo = 1;
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_IN_GRAPH_ORDER;
 		revs->topo_order = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-merges")) {
 		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
 		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
 		revs->simplify_history = 0;
 		revs->limited = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--simplify-by-decoration")) {
 		revs->simplify_merges = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
 		revs->rewrite_parents = 1;
 		revs->simplify_history = 0;
 		revs->simplify_by_decoration = 1;
@@ -1370,9 +1774,12 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->prune = 1;
 		load_ref_decorations(DECORATE_SHORT_REFS);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--date-order")) {
-		revs->lifo = 0;
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_COMMIT_DATE;
 		revs->topo_order = 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--early-output")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--author-date-order")) {
+		revs->sort_order = REV_SORT_BY_AUTHOR_DATE;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--early-output")) {
 		int count = 100;
 		switch (arg[14]) {
 		case '=':
@@ -1397,13 +1804,13 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->min_parents = 2;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-merges")) {
 		revs->max_parents = 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--min-parents=")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--min-parents=")) {
 		revs->min_parents = atoi(arg+14);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--no-min-parents")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--no-min-parents")) {
 		revs->min_parents = 0;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--max-parents=")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--max-parents=")) {
 		revs->max_parents = atoi(arg+14);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--no-max-parents")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--no-max-parents")) {
 		revs->max_parents = -1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--boundary")) {
 		revs->boundary = 1;
@@ -1446,6 +1853,12 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->tree_objects = 1;
 		revs->blob_objects = 1;
 		revs->edge_hint = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--objects-edge-aggressive")) {
+		revs->tag_objects = 1;
+		revs->tree_objects = 1;
+		revs->blob_objects = 1;
+		revs->edge_hint = 1;
+		revs->edge_hint_aggressive = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--verify-objects")) {
 		revs->tag_objects = 1;
 		revs->tree_objects = 1;
@@ -1453,7 +1866,7 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->verify_objects = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--unpacked")) {
 		revs->unpacked = 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--unpacked=")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--unpacked=")) {
 		die("--unpacked=<packfile> no longer supported.");
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "-r")) {
 		revs->diff = 1;
@@ -1477,8 +1890,8 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--pretty")) {
 		revs->verbose_header = 1;
 		revs->pretty_given = 1;
-		get_commit_format(arg+8, revs);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--pretty=") || !prefixcmp(arg, "--format=")) {
+		get_commit_format(NULL, revs);
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--pretty=") || starts_with(arg, "--format=")) {
 		/*
 		 * Detached form ("--pretty X" as opposed to "--pretty=X")
 		 * not allowed, since the argument is optional.
@@ -1492,12 +1905,20 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->notes_opt.use_default_notes = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-signature")) {
 		revs->show_signature = 1;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--show-notes=") ||
-		   !prefixcmp(arg, "--notes=")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--show-linear-break") ||
+		   starts_with(arg, "--show-linear-break=")) {
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--show-linear-break="))
+			revs->break_bar = xstrdup(arg + 20);
+		else
+			revs->break_bar = "                    ..........";
+		revs->track_linear = 1;
+		revs->track_first_time = 1;
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--show-notes=") ||
+		   starts_with(arg, "--notes=")) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		revs->show_notes = 1;
 		revs->show_notes_given = 1;
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--show-notes")) {
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--show-notes")) {
 			if (revs->notes_opt.use_default_notes < 0)
 				revs->notes_opt.use_default_notes = 1;
 			strbuf_addstr(&buf, arg+13);
@@ -1540,7 +1961,7 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 		revs->abbrev = 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--abbrev")) {
 		revs->abbrev = DEFAULT_ABBREV;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--abbrev=")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--abbrev=")) {
 		revs->abbrev = strtoul(arg + 9, NULL, 10);
 		if (revs->abbrev < MINIMUM_ABBREV)
 			revs->abbrev = MINIMUM_ABBREV;
@@ -1575,17 +1996,29 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("committer", argv, &optarg))) {
 		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_COMMITTER, optarg);
 		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("grep-reflog", argv, &optarg))) {
+		add_header_grep(revs, GREP_HEADER_REFLOG, optarg);
+		return argcount;
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("grep", argv, &optarg))) {
 		add_message_grep(revs, optarg);
 		return argcount;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--grep-debug")) {
+		revs->grep_filter.debug = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--basic-regexp")) {
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_BRE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--extended-regexp") || !strcmp(arg, "-E")) {
-		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_ERE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--regexp-ignore-case") || !strcmp(arg, "-i")) {
 		revs->grep_filter.regflags |= REG_ICASE;
+		DIFF_OPT_SET(&revs->diffopt, PICKAXE_IGNORE_CASE);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--fixed-strings") || !strcmp(arg, "-F")) {
-		revs->grep_filter.fixed = 1;
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_FIXED, &revs->grep_filter);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--perl-regexp")) {
+		grep_set_pattern_type_option(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_PCRE, &revs->grep_filter);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--all-match")) {
 		revs->grep_filter.all_match = 1;
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--invert-grep")) {
+		revs->invert_grep = 1;
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("encoding", argv, &optarg))) {
 		if (strcmp(optarg, "none"))
 			git_log_output_encoding = xstrdup(optarg);
@@ -1605,6 +2038,8 @@ static int handle_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, int argc, const char **arg
 			unkv[(*unkc)++] = arg;
 		return opts;
 	}
+	if (revs->graph && revs->track_linear)
+		die("--show-linear-break and --graph are incompatible");
 
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -1654,39 +2089,63 @@ static int handle_revision_pseudo_opt(const char *submodule,
 	if (!strcmp(arg, "--all")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_ref_submodule);
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, head_ref_submodule);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--branches")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_branch_ref_submodule);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--bisect")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_bad_bisect_ref);
-		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags ^ UNINTERESTING, for_each_good_bisect_ref);
+		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags ^ (UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM), for_each_good_bisect_ref);
 		revs->bisect = 1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--tags")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_tag_ref_submodule);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--remotes")) {
 		handle_refs(submodule, revs, *flags, for_each_remote_ref_submodule);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("glob", argv, &optarg))) {
 		struct all_refs_cb cb;
 		init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, *flags);
 		for_each_glob_ref(handle_one_ref, optarg, &cb);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
+		return argcount;
+	} else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("exclude", argv, &optarg))) {
+		add_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes, optarg);
 		return argcount;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--branches=")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--branches=")) {
 		struct all_refs_cb cb;
 		init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, *flags);
 		for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 11, "refs/heads/", &cb);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--tags=")) {
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--tags=")) {
 		struct all_refs_cb cb;
 		init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, *flags);
 		for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 7, "refs/tags/", &cb);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--remotes=")) {
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--remotes=")) {
 		struct all_refs_cb cb;
 		init_all_refs_cb(&cb, revs, *flags);
 		for_each_glob_ref_in(handle_one_ref, arg + 10, "refs/remotes/", &cb);
+		clear_ref_exclusion(&revs->ref_excludes);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--reflog")) {
-		handle_reflog(revs, *flags);
+		add_reflogs_to_pending(revs, *flags);
+	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--indexed-objects")) {
+		add_index_objects_to_pending(revs, *flags);
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--not")) {
-		*flags ^= UNINTERESTING;
+		*flags ^= UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM;
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--no-walk")) {
-		revs->no_walk = 1;
+		revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
+	} else if (starts_with(arg, "--no-walk=")) {
+		/*
+		 * Detached form ("--no-walk X" as opposed to "--no-walk=X")
+		 * not allowed, since the argument is optional.
+		 */
+		if (!strcmp(arg + 10, "sorted"))
+			revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED;
+		else if (!strcmp(arg + 10, "unsorted"))
+			revs->no_walk = REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED;
+		else
+			return error("invalid argument to --no-walk");
 	} else if (!strcmp(arg, "--do-walk")) {
 		revs->no_walk = 0;
 	} else {
@@ -1705,7 +2164,7 @@ static int handle_revision_pseudo_opt(const char *submodule,
  */
 int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct setup_revision_opt *opt)
 {
-	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, read_from_stdin, got_rev_arg = 0;
+	int i, flags, left, seen_dashdash, read_from_stdin, got_rev_arg = 0, revarg_opt;
 	struct cmdline_pathspec prune_data;
 	const char *submodule = NULL;
 
@@ -1714,21 +2173,28 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 		submodule = opt->submodule;
 
 	/* First, search for "--" */
-	seen_dashdash = 0;
-	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-		const char *arg = argv[i];
-		if (strcmp(arg, "--"))
-			continue;
-		argv[i] = NULL;
-		argc = i;
-		if (argv[i + 1])
-			append_prune_data(&prune_data, argv + i + 1);
+	if (opt && opt->assume_dashdash) {
 		seen_dashdash = 1;
-		break;
+	} else {
+		seen_dashdash = 0;
+		for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+			const char *arg = argv[i];
+			if (strcmp(arg, "--"))
+				continue;
+			argv[i] = NULL;
+			argc = i;
+			if (argv[i + 1])
+				append_prune_data(&prune_data, argv + i + 1);
+			seen_dashdash = 1;
+			break;
+		}
 	}
 
 	/* Second, deal with arguments and options */
 	flags = 0;
+	revarg_opt = opt ? opt->revarg_opt : 0;
+	if (seen_dashdash)
+		revarg_opt |= REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME;
 	read_from_stdin = 0;
 	for (left = i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		const char *arg = argv[i];
@@ -1764,7 +2230,8 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (handle_revision_arg(arg, revs, flags, seen_dashdash)) {
+
+		if (handle_revision_arg(arg, revs, flags, revarg_opt)) {
 			int j;
 			if (seen_dashdash || *arg == '^')
 				die("bad revision '%s'", arg);
@@ -1776,7 +2243,7 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 			 * but the latter we have checked in the main loop.
 			 */
 			for (j = i; j < argc; j++)
-				verify_filename(revs->prefix, argv[j]);
+				verify_filename(revs->prefix, argv[j], j == i);
 
 			append_prune_data(&prune_data, argv + i);
 			break;
@@ -1800,10 +2267,10 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 		 *	call init_pathspec() to set revs->prune_data here.
 		 * }
 		 */
-		ALLOC_GROW(prune_data.path, prune_data.nr+1, prune_data.alloc);
+		ALLOC_GROW(prune_data.path, prune_data.nr + 1, prune_data.alloc);
 		prune_data.path[prune_data.nr++] = NULL;
-		init_pathspec(&revs->prune_data,
-			      get_pathspec(revs->prefix, prune_data.path));
+		parse_pathspec(&revs->prune_data, 0, 0,
+			       revs->prefix, prune_data.path);
 	}
 
 	if (revs->def == NULL)
@@ -1815,11 +2282,11 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 	if (revs->def && !revs->pending.nr && !got_rev_arg) {
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 		struct object *object;
-		unsigned mode;
-		if (get_sha1_with_mode(revs->def, sha1, &mode))
+		struct object_context oc;
+		if (get_sha1_with_context(revs->def, 0, sha1, &oc))
 			die("bad default revision '%s'", revs->def);
 		object = get_reference(revs, revs->def, sha1, 0);
-		add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, revs->def, mode);
+		add_pending_object_with_mode(revs, object, revs->def, oc.mode);
 	}
 
 	/* Did the user ask for any diff output? Run the diff! */
@@ -1836,19 +2303,27 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 		revs->limited = 1;
 
 	if (revs->prune_data.nr) {
-		diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data.raw, &revs->pruning);
+		copy_pathspec(&revs->pruning.pathspec, &revs->prune_data);
 		/* Can't prune commits with rename following: the paths change.. */
 		if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(&revs->diffopt, FOLLOW_RENAMES))
 			revs->prune = 1;
 		if (!revs->full_diff)
-			diff_tree_setup_paths(revs->prune_data.raw, &revs->diffopt);
+			copy_pathspec(&revs->diffopt.pathspec,
+				      &revs->prune_data);
 	}
 	if (revs->combine_merges)
 		revs->ignore_merges = 0;
 	revs->diffopt.abbrev = revs->abbrev;
-	if (diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt) < 0)
-		die("diff_setup_done failed");
 
+	if (revs->line_level_traverse) {
+		revs->limited = 1;
+		revs->topo_order = 1;
+	}
+
+	diff_setup_done(&revs->diffopt);
+
+	grep_commit_pattern_type(GREP_PATTERN_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED,
+				 &revs->grep_filter);
 	compile_grep_patterns(&revs->grep_filter);
 
 	if (revs->reverse && revs->reflog_info)
@@ -1864,6 +2339,13 @@ int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct s
 
 	if (revs->reflog_info && revs->graph)
 		die("cannot combine --walk-reflogs with --graph");
+	if (revs->no_walk && revs->graph)
+		die("cannot combine --no-walk with --graph");
+	if (!revs->reflog_info && revs->grep_filter.use_reflog_filter)
+		die("cannot use --grep-reflog without --walk-reflogs");
+
+	if (revs->first_parent_only && revs->bisect)
+		die(_("--first-parent is incompatible with --bisect"));
 
 	return left;
 }
@@ -1876,28 +2358,32 @@ static void add_child(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *parent, struct commi
 	l->next = add_decoration(&revs->children, &parent->object, l);
 }
 
-static int remove_duplicate_parents(struct commit *commit)
+static int remove_duplicate_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
+	struct treesame_state *ts = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
 	struct commit_list **pp, *p;
 	int surviving_parents;
 
 	/* Examine existing parents while marking ones we have seen... */
 	pp = &commit->parents;
+	surviving_parents = 0;
 	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
 		struct commit *parent = p->item;
 		if (parent->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
 			*pp = p->next;
+			if (ts)
+				compact_treesame(revs, commit, surviving_parents);
 			continue;
 		}
 		parent->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+		surviving_parents++;
 		pp = &p->next;
 	}
-	/* count them while clearing the temporary mark */
-	surviving_parents = 0;
+	/* clear the temporary mark */
 	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		p->item->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
-		surviving_parents++;
 	}
+	/* no update_treesame() - removing duplicates can't affect TREESAME */
 	return surviving_parents;
 }
 
@@ -1917,9 +2403,157 @@ static struct merge_simplify_state *locate_simplify_state(struct rev_info *revs,
 	return st;
 }
 
+static int mark_redundant_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *h = reduce_heads(commit->parents);
+	int i = 0, marked = 0;
+	struct commit_list *po, *pn;
+
+	/* Want these for sanity-checking only */
+	int orig_cnt = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
+	int cnt = commit_list_count(h);
+
+	/*
+	 * Not ready to remove items yet, just mark them for now, based
+	 * on the output of reduce_heads(). reduce_heads outputs the reduced
+	 * set in its original order, so this isn't too hard.
+	 */
+	po = commit->parents;
+	pn = h;
+	while (po) {
+		if (pn && po->item == pn->item) {
+			pn = pn->next;
+			i++;
+		} else {
+			po->item->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+			marked++;
+		}
+		po=po->next;
+	}
+
+	if (i != cnt || cnt+marked != orig_cnt)
+		die("mark_redundant_parents %d %d %d %d", orig_cnt, cnt, i, marked);
+
+	free_commit_list(h);
+
+	return marked;
+}
+
+static int mark_treesame_root_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	int marked = 0;
+
+	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		if (!parent->parents && (parent->object.flags & TREESAME)) {
+			parent->object.flags |= TMP_MARK;
+			marked++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return marked;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Awkward naming - this means one parent we are TREESAME to.
+ * cf mark_treesame_root_parents: root parents that are TREESAME (to an
+ * empty tree). Better name suggestions?
+ */
+static int leave_one_treesame_to_parent(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct treesame_state *ts = lookup_decoration(&revs->treesame, &commit->object);
+	struct commit *unmarked = NULL, *marked = NULL;
+	struct commit_list *p;
+	unsigned n;
+
+	for (p = commit->parents, n = 0; p; p = p->next, n++) {
+		if (ts->treesame[n]) {
+			if (p->item->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
+				if (!marked)
+					marked = p->item;
+			} else {
+				if (!unmarked) {
+					unmarked = p->item;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are TREESAME to a marked-for-deletion parent, but not to any
+	 * unmarked parents, unmark the first TREESAME parent. This is the
+	 * parent that the default simplify_history==1 scan would have followed,
+	 * and it doesn't make sense to omit that path when asking for a
+	 * simplified full history. Retaining it improves the chances of
+	 * understanding odd missed merges that took an old version of a file.
+	 *
+	 * Example:
+	 *
+	 *   I--------*X       A modified the file, but mainline merge X used
+	 *    \       /        "-s ours", so took the version from I. X is
+	 *     `-*A--'         TREESAME to I and !TREESAME to A.
+	 *
+	 * Default log from X would produce "I". Without this check,
+	 * --full-history --simplify-merges would produce "I-A-X", showing
+	 * the merge commit X and that it changed A, but not making clear that
+	 * it had just taken the I version. With this check, the topology above
+	 * is retained.
+	 *
+	 * Note that it is possible that the simplification chooses a different
+	 * TREESAME parent from the default, in which case this test doesn't
+	 * activate, and we _do_ drop the default parent. Example:
+	 *
+	 *   I------X         A modified the file, but it was reverted in B,
+	 *    \    /          meaning mainline merge X is TREESAME to both
+	 *    *A-*B           parents.
+	 *
+	 * Default log would produce "I" by following the first parent;
+	 * --full-history --simplify-merges will produce "I-A-B". But this is a
+	 * reasonable result - it presents a logical full history leading from
+	 * I to X, and X is not an important merge.
+	 */
+	if (!unmarked && marked) {
+		marked->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int remove_marked_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp, *p;
+	int nth_parent, removed = 0;
+
+	pp = &commit->parents;
+	nth_parent = 0;
+	while ((p = *pp) != NULL) {
+		struct commit *parent = p->item;
+		if (parent->object.flags & TMP_MARK) {
+			parent->object.flags &= ~TMP_MARK;
+			*pp = p->next;
+			free(p);
+			removed++;
+			compact_treesame(revs, commit, nth_parent);
+			continue;
+		}
+		pp = &p->next;
+		nth_parent++;
+	}
+
+	/* Removing parents can only increase TREESAMEness */
+	if (removed && !(commit->object.flags & TREESAME))
+		update_treesame(revs, commit);
+
+	return nth_parent;
+}
+
 static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, struct commit_list **tail)
 {
 	struct commit_list *p;
+	struct commit *parent;
 	struct merge_simplify_state *st, *pst;
 	int cnt;
 
@@ -1942,8 +2576,9 @@ static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *c
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Do we know what commit all of our parents should be rewritten to?
-	 * Otherwise we are not ready to rewrite this one yet.
+	 * Do we know what commit all of our parents that matter
+	 * should be rewritten to?  Otherwise we are not ready to
+	 * rewrite this one yet.
 	 */
 	for (cnt = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
@@ -1951,6 +2586,8 @@ static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *c
 			tail = &commit_list_insert(p->item, tail)->next;
 			cnt++;
 		}
+		if (revs->first_parent_only)
+			break;
 	}
 	if (cnt) {
 		tail = &commit_list_insert(commit, tail)->next;
@@ -1958,49 +2595,67 @@ static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *c
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Rewrite our list of parents.
+	 * Rewrite our list of parents. Note that this cannot
+	 * affect our TREESAME flags in any way - a commit is
+	 * always TREESAME to its simplification.
 	 */
 	for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
 		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, p->item);
 		p->item = pst->simplified;
+		if (revs->first_parent_only)
+			break;
 	}
-	cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
+
+	if (revs->first_parent_only)
+		cnt = 1;
+	else
+		cnt = remove_duplicate_parents(revs, commit);
 
 	/*
 	 * It is possible that we are a merge and one side branch
 	 * does not have any commit that touches the given paths;
-	 * in such a case, the immediate parents will be rewritten
-	 * to different commits.
+	 * in such a case, the immediate parent from that branch
+	 * will be rewritten to be the merge base.
 	 *
 	 *      o----X		X: the commit we are looking at;
 	 *     /    /		o: a commit that touches the paths;
 	 * ---o----'
 	 *
-	 * Further reduce the parents by removing redundant parents.
+	 * Further, a merge of an independent branch that doesn't
+	 * touch the path will reduce to a treesame root parent:
+	 *
+	 *  ----o----X		X: the commit we are looking at;
+	 *          /		o: a commit that touches the paths;
+	 *         r		r: a root commit not touching the paths
+	 *
+	 * Detect and simplify both cases.
 	 */
 	if (1 < cnt) {
-		struct commit_list *h = reduce_heads(commit->parents);
-		cnt = commit_list_count(h);
-		free_commit_list(commit->parents);
-		commit->parents = h;
+		int marked = mark_redundant_parents(revs, commit);
+		marked += mark_treesame_root_parents(revs, commit);
+		if (marked)
+			marked -= leave_one_treesame_to_parent(revs, commit);
+		if (marked)
+			cnt = remove_marked_parents(revs, commit);
 	}
 
 	/*
 	 * A commit simplifies to itself if it is a root, if it is
 	 * UNINTERESTING, if it touches the given paths, or if it is a
-	 * merge and its parents simplifies to more than one commits
+	 * merge and its parents don't simplify to one relevant commit
 	 * (the first two cases are already handled at the beginning of
 	 * this function).
 	 *
-	 * Otherwise, it simplifies to what its sole parent simplifies to.
+	 * Otherwise, it simplifies to what its sole relevant parent
+	 * simplifies to.
 	 */
 	if (!cnt ||
 	    (commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) ||
 	    !(commit->object.flags & TREESAME) ||
-	    (1 < cnt))
+	    (parent = one_relevant_parent(revs, commit->parents)) == NULL)
 		st->simplified = commit;
 	else {
-		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit->parents->item);
+		pst = locate_simplify_state(revs, parent);
 		st->simplified = pst->simplified;
 	}
 	return tail;
@@ -2008,25 +2663,31 @@ static struct commit_list **simplify_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *c
 
 static void simplify_merges(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
-	struct commit_list *list;
+	struct commit_list *list, *next;
 	struct commit_list *yet_to_do, **tail;
+	struct commit *commit;
 
-	if (!revs->topo_order)
-		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
 	if (!revs->prune)
 		return;
 
 	/* feed the list reversed */
 	yet_to_do = NULL;
-	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = list->next)
-		commit_list_insert(list->item, &yet_to_do);
+	for (list = revs->commits; list; list = next) {
+		commit = list->item;
+		next = list->next;
+		/*
+		 * Do not free(list) here yet; the original list
+		 * is used later in this function.
+		 */
+		commit_list_insert(commit, &yet_to_do);
+	}
 	while (yet_to_do) {
 		list = yet_to_do;
 		yet_to_do = NULL;
 		tail = &yet_to_do;
 		while (list) {
-			struct commit *commit = list->item;
-			struct commit_list *next = list->next;
+			commit = list->item;
+			next = list->next;
 			free(list);
 			list = next;
 			tail = simplify_one(revs, commit, tail);
@@ -2038,9 +2699,10 @@ static void simplify_merges(struct rev_info *revs)
 	revs->commits = NULL;
 	tail = &revs->commits;
 	while (list) {
-		struct commit *commit = list->item;
-		struct commit_list *next = list->next;
 		struct merge_simplify_state *st;
+
+		commit = list->item;
+		next = list->next;
 		free(list);
 		list = next;
 		st = locate_simplify_state(revs, commit);
@@ -2061,35 +2723,50 @@ static void set_children(struct rev_info *revs)
 	}
 }
 
+void reset_revision_walk(void)
+{
+	clear_object_flags(SEEN | ADDED | SHOWN);
+}
+
 int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
-	int nr = revs->pending.nr;
-	struct object_array_entry *e, *list;
+	int i;
+	struct object_array old_pending;
+	struct commit_list **next = &revs->commits;
 
-	e = list = revs->pending.objects;
+	memcpy(&old_pending, &revs->pending, sizeof(old_pending));
 	revs->pending.nr = 0;
 	revs->pending.alloc = 0;
 	revs->pending.objects = NULL;
-	while (--nr >= 0) {
-		struct commit *commit = handle_commit(revs, e->item, e->name);
+	for (i = 0; i < old_pending.nr; i++) {
+		struct object_array_entry *e = old_pending.objects + i;
+		struct commit *commit = handle_commit(revs, e);
 		if (commit) {
 			if (!(commit->object.flags & SEEN)) {
 				commit->object.flags |= SEEN;
-				commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &revs->commits);
+				next = commit_list_append(commit, next);
 			}
 		}
-		e++;
 	}
 	if (!revs->leak_pending)
-		free(list);
+		object_array_clear(&old_pending);
+
+	/* Signal whether we need per-parent treesame decoration */
+	if (revs->simplify_merges ||
+	    (revs->limited && limiting_can_increase_treesame(revs)))
+		revs->treesame.name = "treesame";
 
+	if (revs->no_walk != REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED)
+		commit_list_sort_by_date(&revs->commits);
 	if (revs->no_walk)
 		return 0;
 	if (revs->limited)
 		if (limit_list(revs) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	if (revs->topo_order)
-		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+		sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->sort_order);
+	if (revs->line_level_traverse)
+		line_log_filter(revs);
 	if (revs->simplify_merges)
 		simplify_merges(revs);
 	if (revs->children.name)
@@ -2097,12 +2774,6 @@ int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-enum rewrite_result {
-	rewrite_one_ok,
-	rewrite_one_noparents,
-	rewrite_one_error
-};
-
 static enum rewrite_result rewrite_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp)
 {
 	struct commit_list *cache = NULL;
@@ -2112,24 +2783,25 @@ static enum rewrite_result rewrite_one(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp
 		if (!revs->limited)
 			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, p, &revs->commits, &cache) < 0)
 				return rewrite_one_error;
-		if (p->parents && p->parents->next)
-			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (p->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
 			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (!(p->object.flags & TREESAME))
 			return rewrite_one_ok;
 		if (!p->parents)
 			return rewrite_one_noparents;
-		*pp = p->parents->item;
+		if ((p = one_relevant_parent(revs, p->parents)) == NULL)
+			return rewrite_one_ok;
+		*pp = p;
 	}
 }
 
-static int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+	rewrite_parent_fn_t rewrite_parent)
 {
 	struct commit_list **pp = &commit->parents;
 	while (*pp) {
 		struct commit_list *parent = *pp;
-		switch (rewrite_one(revs, &parent->item)) {
+		switch (rewrite_parent(revs, &parent->item)) {
 		case rewrite_one_ok:
 			break;
 		case rewrite_one_noparents:
@@ -2140,19 +2812,120 @@ static int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 		}
 		pp = &parent->next;
 	}
-	remove_duplicate_parents(commit);
+	remove_duplicate_parents(revs, commit);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int commit_rewrite_person(struct strbuf *buf, const char *what, struct string_list *mailmap)
+{
+	char *person, *endp;
+	size_t len, namelen, maillen;
+	const char *name;
+	const char *mail;
+	struct ident_split ident;
+
+	person = strstr(buf->buf, what);
+	if (!person)
+		return 0;
+
+	person += strlen(what);
+	endp = strchr(person, '\n');
+	if (!endp)
+		return 0;
+
+	len = endp - person;
+
+	if (split_ident_line(&ident, person, len))
+		return 0;
+
+	mail = ident.mail_begin;
+	maillen = ident.mail_end - ident.mail_begin;
+	name = ident.name_begin;
+	namelen = ident.name_end - ident.name_begin;
+
+	if (map_user(mailmap, &mail, &maillen, &name, &namelen)) {
+		struct strbuf namemail = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		strbuf_addf(&namemail, "%.*s <%.*s>",
+			    (int)namelen, name, (int)maillen, mail);
+
+		strbuf_splice(buf, ident.name_begin - buf->buf,
+			      ident.mail_end - ident.name_begin + 1,
+			      namemail.buf, namemail.len);
+
+		strbuf_release(&namemail);
+
+		return 1;
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int commit_match(struct commit *commit, struct rev_info *opt)
 {
+	int retval;
+	const char *encoding;
+	const char *message;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
 	if (!opt->grep_filter.pattern_list && !opt->grep_filter.header_list)
 		return 1;
-	return grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter,
-			   commit->buffer, strlen(commit->buffer));
+
+	/* Prepend "fake" headers as needed */
+	if (opt->grep_filter.use_reflog_filter) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, "reflog ");
+		get_reflog_message(&buf, opt->reflog_info);
+		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We grep in the user's output encoding, under the assumption that it
+	 * is the encoding they are most likely to write their grep pattern
+	 * for. In addition, it means we will match the "notes" encoding below,
+	 * so we will not end up with a buffer that has two different encodings
+	 * in it.
+	 */
+	encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
+	message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, encoding);
+
+	/* Copy the commit to temporary if we are using "fake" headers */
+	if (buf.len)
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+
+	if (opt->grep_filter.header_list && opt->mailmap) {
+		if (!buf.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+
+		commit_rewrite_person(&buf, "\nauthor ", opt->mailmap);
+		commit_rewrite_person(&buf, "\ncommitter ", opt->mailmap);
+	}
+
+	/* Append "fake" message parts as needed */
+	if (opt->show_notes) {
+		if (!buf.len)
+			strbuf_addstr(&buf, message);
+		format_display_notes(commit->object.sha1, &buf, encoding, 1);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Find either in the original commit message, or in the temporary.
+	 * Note that we cast away the constness of "message" here. It is
+	 * const because it may come from the cached commit buffer. That's OK,
+	 * because we know that it is modifiable heap memory, and that while
+	 * grep_buffer may modify it for speed, it will restore any
+	 * changes before returning.
+	 */
+	if (buf.len)
+		retval = grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	else
+		retval = grep_buffer(&opt->grep_filter,
+				     (char *)message, strlen(message));
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, message);
+	return opt->invert_grep ? !retval : retval;
 }
 
-static inline int want_ancestry(struct rev_info *revs)
+static inline int want_ancestry(const struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	return (revs->rewrite_parents || revs->children.name);
 }
@@ -2170,10 +2943,7 @@ enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commi
 	if (revs->min_age != -1 && (commit->date > revs->min_age))
 		return commit_ignore;
 	if (revs->min_parents || (revs->max_parents >= 0)) {
-		int n = 0;
-		struct commit_list *p;
-		for (p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next)
-			n++;
+		int n = commit_list_count(commit->parents);
 		if ((n < revs->min_parents) ||
 		    ((revs->max_parents >= 0) && (n > revs->max_parents)))
 			return commit_ignore;
@@ -2183,17 +2953,83 @@ enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commi
 	if (revs->prune && revs->dense) {
 		/* Commit without changes? */
 		if (commit->object.flags & TREESAME) {
+			int n;
+			struct commit_list *p;
 			/* drop merges unless we want parenthood */
 			if (!want_ancestry(revs))
 				return commit_ignore;
-			/* non-merge - always ignore it */
-			if (!commit->parents || !commit->parents->next)
-				return commit_ignore;
+			/*
+			 * If we want ancestry, then need to keep any merges
+			 * between relevant commits to tie together topology.
+			 * For consistency with TREESAME and simplification
+			 * use "relevant" here rather than just INTERESTING,
+			 * to treat bottom commit(s) as part of the topology.
+			 */
+			for (n = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next)
+				if (relevant_commit(p->item))
+					if (++n >= 2)
+						return commit_show;
+			return commit_ignore;
 		}
 	}
 	return commit_show;
 }
 
+define_commit_slab(saved_parents, struct commit_list *);
+
+#define EMPTY_PARENT_LIST ((struct commit_list *)-1)
+
+/*
+ * You may only call save_parents() once per commit (this is checked
+ * for non-root commits).
+ */
+static void save_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list **pp;
+
+	if (!revs->saved_parents_slab) {
+		revs->saved_parents_slab = xmalloc(sizeof(struct saved_parents));
+		init_saved_parents(revs->saved_parents_slab);
+	}
+
+	pp = saved_parents_at(revs->saved_parents_slab, commit);
+
+	/*
+	 * When walking with reflogs, we may visit the same commit
+	 * several times: once for each appearance in the reflog.
+	 *
+	 * In this case, save_parents() will be called multiple times.
+	 * We want to keep only the first set of parents.  We need to
+	 * store a sentinel value for an empty (i.e., NULL) parent
+	 * list to distinguish it from a not-yet-saved list, however.
+	 */
+	if (*pp)
+		return;
+	if (commit->parents)
+		*pp = copy_commit_list(commit->parents);
+	else
+		*pp = EMPTY_PARENT_LIST;
+}
+
+static void free_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs)
+{
+	if (revs->saved_parents_slab)
+		clear_saved_parents(revs->saved_parents_slab);
+}
+
+struct commit_list *get_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct commit_list *parents;
+
+	if (!revs->saved_parents_slab)
+		return commit->parents;
+
+	parents = *saved_parents_at(revs->saved_parents_slab, commit);
+	if (parents == EMPTY_PARENT_LIST)
+		return NULL;
+	return parents;
+}
+
 enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 {
 	enum commit_action action = get_commit_action(revs, commit);
@@ -2201,12 +3037,41 @@ enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
 	if (action == commit_show &&
 	    !revs->show_all &&
 	    revs->prune && revs->dense && want_ancestry(revs)) {
-		if (rewrite_parents(revs, commit) < 0)
+		/*
+		 * --full-diff on simplified parents is no good: it
+		 * will show spurious changes from the commits that
+		 * were elided.  So we save the parents on the side
+		 * when --full-diff is in effect.
+		 */
+		if (revs->full_diff)
+			save_parents(revs, commit);
+		if (rewrite_parents(revs, commit, rewrite_one) < 0)
 			return commit_error;
 	}
 	return action;
 }
 
+static void track_linear(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	if (revs->track_first_time) {
+		revs->linear = 1;
+		revs->track_first_time = 0;
+	} else {
+		struct commit_list *p;
+		for (p = revs->previous_parents; p; p = p->next)
+			if (p->item == NULL || /* first commit */
+			    !hashcmp(p->item->object.sha1, commit->object.sha1))
+				break;
+		revs->linear = p != NULL;
+	}
+	if (revs->reverse) {
+		if (revs->linear)
+			commit->object.flags |= TRACK_LINEAR;
+	}
+	free_commit_list(revs->previous_parents);
+	revs->previous_parents = copy_commit_list(commit->parents);
+}
+
 static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
 {
 	if (!revs->commits)
@@ -2220,6 +3085,7 @@ static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
 		free(entry);
 
 		if (revs->reflog_info) {
+			save_parents(revs, commit);
 			fake_reflog_parent(revs->reflog_info, commit);
 			commit->object.flags &= ~(ADDED | SEEN | SHOWN);
 		}
@@ -2233,9 +3099,11 @@ static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
 			if (revs->max_age != -1 &&
 			    (commit->date < revs->max_age))
 				continue;
-			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &revs->commits, NULL) < 0)
-				die("Failed to traverse parents of commit %s",
-				    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			if (add_parents_to_list(revs, commit, &revs->commits, NULL) < 0) {
+				if (!revs->ignore_missing_links)
+					die("Failed to traverse parents of commit %s",
+						sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+			}
 		}
 
 		switch (simplify_commit(revs, commit)) {
@@ -2245,31 +3113,31 @@ static struct commit *get_revision_1(struct rev_info *revs)
 			die("Failed to simplify parents of commit %s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 		default:
+			if (revs->track_linear)
+				track_linear(revs, commit);
 			return commit;
 		}
 	} while (revs->commits);
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void gc_boundary(struct object_array *array)
+/*
+ * Return true for entries that have not yet been shown.  (This is an
+ * object_array_each_func_t.)
+ */
+static int entry_unshown(struct object_array_entry *entry, void *cb_data_unused)
 {
-	unsigned nr = array->nr;
-	unsigned alloc = array->alloc;
-	struct object_array_entry *objects = array->objects;
+	return !(entry->item->flags & SHOWN);
+}
 
-	if (alloc <= nr) {
-		unsigned i, j;
-		for (i = j = 0; i < nr; i++) {
-			if (objects[i].item->flags & SHOWN)
-				continue;
-			if (i != j)
-				objects[j] = objects[i];
-			j++;
-		}
-		for (i = j; i < nr; i++)
-			objects[i].item = NULL;
-		array->nr = j;
-	}
+/*
+ * If array is on the verge of a realloc, garbage-collect any entries
+ * that have already been shown to try to free up some space.
+ */
+static void gc_boundary(struct object_array *array)
+{
+	if (array->nr == array->alloc)
+		object_array_filter(array, entry_unshown, NULL);
 }
 
 static void create_boundary_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -2310,7 +3178,7 @@ static void create_boundary_commit_list(struct rev_info *revs)
 	 * If revs->topo_order is set, sort the boundary commits
 	 * in topological order
 	 */
-	sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->lifo);
+	sort_in_topological_order(&revs->commits, revs->sort_order);
 }
 
 static struct commit *get_revision_internal(struct rev_info *revs)
@@ -2332,37 +3200,35 @@ static struct commit *get_revision_internal(struct rev_info *revs)
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Now pick up what they want to give us
+	 * If our max_count counter has reached zero, then we are done. We
+	 * don't simply return NULL because we still might need to show
+	 * boundary commits. But we want to avoid calling get_revision_1, which
+	 * might do a considerable amount of work finding the next commit only
+	 * for us to throw it away.
+	 *
+	 * If it is non-zero, then either we don't have a max_count at all
+	 * (-1), or it is still counting, in which case we decrement.
 	 */
-	c = get_revision_1(revs);
-	if (c) {
-		while (0 < revs->skip_count) {
-			revs->skip_count--;
-			c = get_revision_1(revs);
-			if (!c)
-				break;
+	if (revs->max_count) {
+		c = get_revision_1(revs);
+		if (c) {
+			while (revs->skip_count > 0) {
+				revs->skip_count--;
+				c = get_revision_1(revs);
+				if (!c)
+					break;
+			}
 		}
-	}
 
-	/*
-	 * Check the max_count.
-	 */
-	switch (revs->max_count) {
-	case -1:
-		break;
-	case 0:
-		c = NULL;
-		break;
-	default:
-		revs->max_count--;
+		if (revs->max_count > 0)
+			revs->max_count--;
 	}
 
 	if (c)
 		c->object.flags |= SHOWN;
 
-	if (!revs->boundary) {
+	if (!revs->boundary)
 		return c;
-	}
 
 	if (!c) {
 		/*
@@ -2408,20 +3274,30 @@ struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs)
 
 	if (revs->reverse) {
 		reversed = NULL;
-		while ((c = get_revision_internal(revs))) {
+		while ((c = get_revision_internal(revs)))
 			commit_list_insert(c, &reversed);
-		}
 		revs->commits = reversed;
 		revs->reverse = 0;
 		revs->reverse_output_stage = 1;
 	}
 
-	if (revs->reverse_output_stage)
-		return pop_commit(&revs->commits);
+	if (revs->reverse_output_stage) {
+		c = pop_commit(&revs->commits);
+		if (revs->track_linear)
+			revs->linear = !!(c && c->object.flags & TRACK_LINEAR);
+		return c;
+	}
 
 	c = get_revision_internal(revs);
 	if (c && revs->graph)
 		graph_update(revs->graph, c);
+	if (!c) {
+		free_saved_parents(revs);
+		if (revs->previous_parents) {
+			free_commit_list(revs->previous_parents);
+			revs->previous_parents = NULL;
+		}
+	}
 	return c;
 }
 
diff --git a/revision.h b/revision.h
index b8e9223954..0ea8b4e255 100644
--- a/revision.h
+++ b/revision.h
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@
 #include "parse-options.h"
 #include "grep.h"
 #include "notes.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
 
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define SEEN		(1u<<0)
 #define UNINTERESTING   (1u<<1)
 #define TREESAME	(1u<<2)
@@ -15,7 +18,9 @@
 #define ADDED		(1u<<7)	/* Parents already parsed and added? */
 #define SYMMETRIC_LEFT	(1u<<8)
 #define PATCHSAME	(1u<<9)
-#define ALL_REV_FLAGS	((1u<<10)-1)
+#define BOTTOM		(1u<<10)
+#define TRACK_LINEAR	(1u<<26)
+#define ALL_REV_FLAGS	(((1u<<11)-1) | TRACK_LINEAR)
 
 #define DECORATE_SHORT_REFS	1
 #define DECORATE_FULL_REFS	2
@@ -23,6 +28,7 @@
 struct rev_info;
 struct log_info;
 struct string_list;
+struct saved_parents;
 
 struct rev_cmdline_info {
 	unsigned int nr;
@@ -35,12 +41,17 @@ struct rev_cmdline_info {
 			REV_CMD_PARENTS_ONLY,
 			REV_CMD_LEFT,
 			REV_CMD_RIGHT,
+			REV_CMD_MERGE_BASE,
 			REV_CMD_REV
 		} whence;
 		unsigned flags;
 	} *rev;
 };
 
+#define REVISION_WALK_WALK 0
+#define REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_SORTED 1
+#define REVISION_WALK_NO_WALK_UNSORTED 2
+
 struct rev_info {
 	/* Starting list */
 	struct commit_list *commits;
@@ -52,21 +63,28 @@ struct rev_info {
 	/* The end-points specified by the end user */
 	struct rev_cmdline_info cmdline;
 
+	/* excluding from --branches, --refs, etc. expansion */
+	struct string_list *ref_excludes;
+
 	/* Basic information */
 	const char *prefix;
 	const char *def;
 	struct pathspec prune_data;
+
+	/* topo-sort */
+	enum rev_sort_order sort_order;
+
 	unsigned int	early_output:1,
-			ignore_missing:1;
+			ignore_missing:1,
+			ignore_missing_links:1;
 
 	/* Traversal flags */
 	unsigned int	dense:1,
 			prune:1,
-			no_walk:1,
+			no_walk:2,
 			show_all:1,
 			remove_empty_trees:1,
 			simplify_history:1,
-			lifo:1,
 			topo_order:1,
 			simplify_merges:1,
 			simplify_by_decoration:1,
@@ -75,6 +93,7 @@ struct rev_info {
 			blob_objects:1,
 			verify_objects:1,
 			edge_hint:1,
+			edge_hint_aggressive:1,
 			limited:1,
 			unpacked:1,
 			boundary:2,
@@ -92,7 +111,8 @@ struct rev_info {
 			cherry_mark:1,
 			bisect:1,
 			ancestry_path:1,
-			first_parent_only:1;
+			first_parent_only:1,
+			line_level_traverse:1;
 
 	/* Diff flags */
 	unsigned int	diff:1,
@@ -107,6 +127,7 @@ struct rev_info {
 
 	/* Format info */
 	unsigned int	shown_one:1,
+			shown_dashes:1,
 			show_merge:1,
 			show_notes:1,
 			show_notes_given:1,
@@ -120,6 +141,10 @@ struct rev_info {
 			preserve_subject:1;
 	unsigned int	disable_stdin:1;
 	unsigned int	leak_pending:1;
+	/* --show-linear-break */
+	unsigned int	track_linear:1,
+			track_first_time:1,
+			linear:1;
 
 	enum date_mode date_mode;
 
@@ -130,17 +155,22 @@ struct rev_info {
 	const char	*mime_boundary;
 	const char	*patch_suffix;
 	int		numbered_files;
+	int		reroll_count;
 	char		*message_id;
+	struct ident_split from_ident;
 	struct string_list *ref_message_ids;
-	const char	*add_signoff;
+	int		add_signoff;
 	const char	*extra_headers;
 	const char	*log_reencode;
 	const char	*subject_prefix;
 	int		no_inline;
 	int		show_log_size;
+	struct string_list *mailmap;
 
 	/* Filter by commit log message */
 	struct grep_opt	grep_filter;
+	/* Negate the match of grep_filter */
+	int invert_grep;
 
 	/* Display history graph */
 	struct git_graph *graph;
@@ -152,6 +182,8 @@ struct rev_info {
 	unsigned long min_age;
 	int min_parents;
 	int max_parents;
+	int (*include_check)(struct commit *, void *);
+	void *include_check_data;
 
 	/* diff info for patches and for paths limiting */
 	struct diff_options diffopt;
@@ -160,6 +192,7 @@ struct rev_info {
 	struct reflog_walk_info *reflog_info;
 	struct decoration children;
 	struct decoration merge_simplification;
+	struct decoration treesame;
 
 	/* notes-specific options: which refs to show */
 	struct display_notes_opt notes_opt;
@@ -168,8 +201,22 @@ struct rev_info {
 	int count_left;
 	int count_right;
 	int count_same;
+
+	/* line level range that we are chasing */
+	struct decoration line_log_data;
+
+	/* copies of the parent lists, for --full-diff display */
+	struct saved_parents *saved_parents_slab;
+
+	struct commit_list *previous_parents;
+	const char *break_bar;
 };
 
+extern int ref_excluded(struct string_list *, const char *path);
+void clear_ref_exclusion(struct string_list **);
+void add_ref_exclusion(struct string_list **, const char *exclude);
+
+
 #define REV_TREE_SAME		0
 #define REV_TREE_NEW		1	/* Only new files */
 #define REV_TREE_OLD		2	/* Only files removed */
@@ -183,19 +230,28 @@ struct setup_revision_opt {
 	const char *def;
 	void (*tweak)(struct rev_info *, struct setup_revision_opt *);
 	const char *submodule;
+	int assume_dashdash;
+	unsigned revarg_opt;
 };
 
 extern void init_revisions(struct rev_info *revs, const char *prefix);
-extern int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs, struct setup_revision_opt *);
+extern int setup_revisions(int argc, const char **argv, struct rev_info *revs,
+			   struct setup_revision_opt *);
 extern void parse_revision_opt(struct rev_info *revs, struct parse_opt_ctx_t *ctx,
-				 const struct option *options,
-				 const char * const usagestr[]);
-extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs,int flags,int cant_be_filename);
-
+			       const struct option *options,
+			       const char * const usagestr[]);
+#define REVARG_CANNOT_BE_FILENAME 01
+#define REVARG_COMMITTISH 02
+extern int handle_revision_arg(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs,
+			       int flags, unsigned revarg_opt);
+
+extern void reset_revision_walk(void);
 extern int prepare_revision_walk(struct rev_info *revs);
 extern struct commit *get_revision(struct rev_info *revs);
-extern char *get_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
-extern void put_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
+extern char *get_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs,
+			       const struct commit *commit);
+extern void put_revision_mark(const struct rev_info *revs,
+			      const struct commit *commit);
 
 extern void mark_parents_uninteresting(struct commit *commit);
 extern void mark_tree_uninteresting(struct tree *tree);
@@ -208,17 +264,18 @@ struct name_path {
 
 char *path_name(const struct name_path *path, const char *name);
 
-extern void show_object_with_name(FILE *, struct object *, const struct name_path *, const char *);
-
-extern void add_object(struct object *obj,
-		       struct object_array *p,
-		       struct name_path *path,
-		       const char *name);
+extern void show_object_with_name(FILE *, struct object *,
+				  const struct name_path *, const char *);
 
-extern void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs, struct object *obj, const char *name);
-extern void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs, const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned int flags);
+extern void add_pending_object(struct rev_info *revs,
+			       struct object *obj, const char *name);
+extern void add_pending_sha1(struct rev_info *revs,
+			     const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
+			     unsigned int flags);
 
 extern void add_head_to_pending(struct rev_info *);
+extern void add_reflogs_to_pending(struct rev_info *, unsigned int flags);
+extern void add_index_objects_to_pending(struct rev_info *, unsigned int flags);
 
 enum commit_action {
 	commit_ignore,
@@ -226,7 +283,31 @@ enum commit_action {
 	commit_error
 };
 
-extern enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
-extern enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit);
+extern enum commit_action get_commit_action(struct rev_info *revs,
+					    struct commit *commit);
+extern enum commit_action simplify_commit(struct rev_info *revs,
+					  struct commit *commit);
+
+enum rewrite_result {
+	rewrite_one_ok,
+	rewrite_one_noparents,
+	rewrite_one_error
+};
+
+typedef enum rewrite_result (*rewrite_parent_fn_t)(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit **pp);
+
+extern int rewrite_parents(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
+	rewrite_parent_fn_t rewrite_parent);
+
+/*
+ * The log machinery saves the original parent list so that
+ * get_saved_parents() can later tell what the real parents of the
+ * commits are, when commit->parents has been modified by history
+ * simpification.
+ *
+ * get_saved_parents() will transparently return commit->parents if
+ * history simplification is off.
+ */
+extern struct commit_list *get_saved_parents(struct rev_info *revs, const struct commit *commit);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/run-command.c b/run-command.c
index 1db8abf984..aad03ab705 100644
--- a/run-command.c
+++ b/run-command.c
@@ -4,6 +4,13 @@
 #include "sigchain.h"
 #include "argv-array.h"
 
+void child_process_init(struct child_process *child)
+{
+	memset(child, 0, sizeof(*child));
+	argv_array_init(&child->args);
+	argv_array_init(&child->env_array);
+}
+
 struct child_to_clean {
 	pid_t pid;
 	struct child_to_clean *next;
@@ -49,13 +56,14 @@ static void mark_child_for_cleanup(pid_t pid)
 
 static void clear_child_for_cleanup(pid_t pid)
 {
-	struct child_to_clean **last, *p;
+	struct child_to_clean **pp;
 
-	last = &children_to_clean;
-	for (p = children_to_clean; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (p->pid == pid) {
-			*last = p->next;
-			free(p);
+	for (pp = &children_to_clean; *pp; pp = &(*pp)->next) {
+		struct child_to_clean *clean_me = *pp;
+
+		if (clean_me->pid == pid) {
+			*pp = clean_me->next;
+			free(clean_me);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -67,15 +75,82 @@ static inline void close_pair(int fd[2])
 	close(fd[1]);
 }
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static inline void dup_devnull(int to)
 {
 	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-	dup2(fd, to);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		die_errno(_("open /dev/null failed"));
+	if (dup2(fd, to) < 0)
+		die_errno(_("dup2(%d,%d) failed"), fd, to);
 	close(fd);
 }
 #endif
 
+static char *locate_in_PATH(const char *file)
+{
+	const char *p = getenv("PATH");
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!p || !*p)
+		return NULL;
+
+	while (1) {
+		const char *end = strchrnul(p, ':');
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+
+		/* POSIX specifies an empty entry as the current directory. */
+		if (end != p) {
+			strbuf_add(&buf, p, end - p);
+			strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
+		}
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, file);
+
+		if (!access(buf.buf, F_OK))
+			return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+
+		if (!*end)
+			break;
+		p = end + 1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int exists_in_PATH(const char *file)
+{
+	char *r = locate_in_PATH(file);
+	free(r);
+	return r != NULL;
+}
+
+int sane_execvp(const char *file, char * const argv[])
+{
+	if (!execvp(file, argv))
+		return 0; /* cannot happen ;-) */
+
+	/*
+	 * When a command can't be found because one of the directories
+	 * listed in $PATH is unsearchable, execvp reports EACCES, but
+	 * careful usability testing (read: analysis of occasional bug
+	 * reports) reveals that "No such file or directory" is more
+	 * intuitive.
+	 *
+	 * We avoid commands with "/", because execvp will not do $PATH
+	 * lookups in that case.
+	 *
+	 * The reassignment of EACCES to errno looks like a no-op below,
+	 * but we need to protect against exists_in_PATH overwriting errno.
+	 */
+	if (errno == EACCES && !strchr(file, '/'))
+		errno = exists_in_PATH(file) ? EACCES : ENOENT;
+	else if (errno == ENOTDIR && !strchr(file, '/'))
+		errno = ENOENT;
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
 {
 	int argc, nargc = 0;
@@ -90,7 +165,11 @@ static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
 		die("BUG: shell command is empty");
 
 	if (strcspn(argv[0], "|&;<>()$`\\\"' \t\n*?[#~=%") != strlen(argv[0])) {
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
+		nargv[nargc++] = SHELL_PATH;
+#else
 		nargv[nargc++] = "sh";
+#endif
 		nargv[nargc++] = "-c";
 
 		if (argc < 2)
@@ -109,18 +188,18 @@ static const char **prepare_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
 	return nargv;
 }
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static int execv_shell_cmd(const char **argv)
 {
 	const char **nargv = prepare_shell_cmd(argv);
 	trace_argv_printf(nargv, "trace: exec:");
-	execvp(nargv[0], (char **)nargv);
+	sane_execvp(nargv[0], (char **)nargv);
 	free(nargv);
 	return -1;
 }
 #endif
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 static int child_err = 2;
 static int child_notifier = -1;
 
@@ -153,7 +232,7 @@ static inline void set_cloexec(int fd)
 		fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags | FD_CLOEXEC);
 }
 
-static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int silent_exec_failure)
+static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0)
 {
 	int status, code = -1;
 	pid_t waiting;
@@ -169,13 +248,14 @@ static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int silent_exec_failure)
 		error("waitpid is confused (%s)", argv0);
 	} else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
 		code = WTERMSIG(status);
-		error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
+		if (code != SIGINT && code != SIGQUIT)
+			error("%s died of signal %d", argv0, code);
 		/*
 		 * This return value is chosen so that code & 0xff
 		 * mimics the exit code that a POSIX shell would report for
 		 * a program that died from this signal.
 		 */
-		code -= 128;
+		code += 128;
 	} else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
 		code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
 		/*
@@ -199,7 +279,13 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 {
 	int need_in, need_out, need_err;
 	int fdin[2], fdout[2], fderr[2];
-	int failed_errno = failed_errno;
+	int failed_errno;
+	char *str;
+
+	if (!cmd->argv)
+		cmd->argv = cmd->args.argv;
+	if (!cmd->env)
+		cmd->env = cmd->env_array.argv;
 
 	/*
 	 * In case of errors we must keep the promise to close FDs
@@ -212,6 +298,7 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 			failed_errno = errno;
 			if (cmd->out > 0)
 				close(cmd->out);
+			str = "standard input";
 			goto fail_pipe;
 		}
 		cmd->in = fdin[1];
@@ -227,6 +314,7 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 				close_pair(fdin);
 			else if (cmd->in)
 				close(cmd->in);
+			str = "standard output";
 			goto fail_pipe;
 		}
 		cmd->out = fdout[0];
@@ -244,9 +332,12 @@ int start_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 				close_pair(fdout);
 			else if (cmd->out)
 				close(cmd->out);
+			str = "standard error";
 fail_pipe:
-			error("cannot create pipe for %s: %s",
-				cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
+			error("cannot create %s pipe for %s: %s",
+				str, cmd->argv[0], strerror(failed_errno));
+			argv_array_clear(&cmd->args);
+			argv_array_clear(&cmd->env_array);
 			errno = failed_errno;
 			return -1;
 		}
@@ -256,13 +347,14 @@ fail_pipe:
 	trace_argv_printf(cmd->argv, "trace: run_command:");
 	fflush(NULL);
 
-#ifndef WIN32
+#ifndef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 {
 	int notify_pipe[2];
 	if (pipe(notify_pipe))
 		notify_pipe[0] = notify_pipe[1] = -1;
 
 	cmd->pid = fork();
+	failed_errno = errno;
 	if (!cmd->pid) {
 		/*
 		 * Redirect the channel to write syscall error messages to
@@ -324,23 +416,12 @@ fail_pipe:
 					unsetenv(*cmd->env);
 			}
 		}
-		if (cmd->preexec_cb) {
-			/*
-			 * We cannot predict what the pre-exec callback does.
-			 * Forgo parent notification.
-			 */
-			close(child_notifier);
-			child_notifier = -1;
-
-			cmd->preexec_cb();
-		}
-		if (cmd->git_cmd) {
+		if (cmd->git_cmd)
 			execv_git_cmd(cmd->argv);
-		} else if (cmd->use_shell) {
+		else if (cmd->use_shell)
 			execv_shell_cmd(cmd->argv);
-		} else {
-			execvp(cmd->argv[0], (char *const*) cmd->argv);
-		}
+		else
+			sane_execvp(cmd->argv[0], (char *const*) cmd->argv);
 		if (errno == ENOENT) {
 			if (!cmd->silent_exec_failure)
 				error("cannot run %s: %s", cmd->argv[0],
@@ -352,7 +433,7 @@ fail_pipe:
 	}
 	if (cmd->pid < 0)
 		error("cannot fork() for %s: %s", cmd->argv[0],
-			strerror(failed_errno = errno));
+			strerror(errno));
 	else if (cmd->clean_on_exit)
 		mark_child_for_cleanup(cmd->pid);
 
@@ -369,19 +450,16 @@ fail_pipe:
 		 * At this point we know that fork() succeeded, but execvp()
 		 * failed. Errors have been reported to our stderr.
 		 */
-		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0],
-			      cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+		wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0]);
 		failed_errno = errno;
 		cmd->pid = -1;
 	}
 	close(notify_pipe[0]);
-
 }
 #else
 {
 	int fhin = 0, fhout = 1, fherr = 2;
 	const char **sargv = cmd->argv;
-	char **env = environ;
 
 	if (cmd->no_stdin)
 		fhin = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
@@ -406,25 +484,19 @@ fail_pipe:
 	else if (cmd->out > 1)
 		fhout = dup(cmd->out);
 
-	if (cmd->env)
-		env = make_augmented_environ(cmd->env);
-
-	if (cmd->git_cmd) {
+	if (cmd->git_cmd)
 		cmd->argv = prepare_git_cmd(cmd->argv);
-	} else if (cmd->use_shell) {
+	else if (cmd->use_shell)
 		cmd->argv = prepare_shell_cmd(cmd->argv);
-	}
 
-	cmd->pid = mingw_spawnvpe(cmd->argv[0], cmd->argv, env, cmd->dir,
-				  fhin, fhout, fherr);
+	cmd->pid = mingw_spawnvpe(cmd->argv[0], cmd->argv, (char**) cmd->env,
+			cmd->dir, fhin, fhout, fherr);
 	failed_errno = errno;
 	if (cmd->pid < 0 && (!cmd->silent_exec_failure || errno != ENOENT))
 		error("cannot spawn %s: %s", cmd->argv[0], strerror(errno));
 	if (cmd->clean_on_exit && cmd->pid >= 0)
 		mark_child_for_cleanup(cmd->pid);
 
-	if (cmd->env)
-		free_environ(env);
 	if (cmd->git_cmd)
 		free(cmd->argv);
 
@@ -451,6 +523,8 @@ fail_pipe:
 			close_pair(fderr);
 		else if (cmd->err)
 			close(cmd->err);
+		argv_array_clear(&cmd->args);
+		argv_array_clear(&cmd->env_array);
 		errno = failed_errno;
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -475,42 +549,40 @@ fail_pipe:
 
 int finish_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 {
-	return wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0], cmd->silent_exec_failure);
+	int ret = wait_or_whine(cmd->pid, cmd->argv[0]);
+	argv_array_clear(&cmd->args);
+	argv_array_clear(&cmd->env_array);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 int run_command(struct child_process *cmd)
 {
-	int code = start_command(cmd);
+	int code;
+
+	if (cmd->out < 0 || cmd->err < 0)
+		die("BUG: run_command with a pipe can cause deadlock");
+
+	code = start_command(cmd);
 	if (code)
 		return code;
 	return finish_command(cmd);
 }
 
-static void prepare_run_command_v_opt(struct child_process *cmd,
-				      const char **argv,
-				      int opt)
-{
-	memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(*cmd));
-	cmd->argv = argv;
-	cmd->no_stdin = opt & RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN ? 1 : 0;
-	cmd->git_cmd = opt & RUN_GIT_CMD ? 1 : 0;
-	cmd->stdout_to_stderr = opt & RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR ? 1 : 0;
-	cmd->silent_exec_failure = opt & RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE ? 1 : 0;
-	cmd->use_shell = opt & RUN_USING_SHELL ? 1 : 0;
-	cmd->clean_on_exit = opt & RUN_CLEAN_ON_EXIT ? 1 : 0;
-}
-
 int run_command_v_opt(const char **argv, int opt)
 {
-	struct child_process cmd;
-	prepare_run_command_v_opt(&cmd, argv, opt);
-	return run_command(&cmd);
+	return run_command_v_opt_cd_env(argv, opt, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const char *const *env)
 {
-	struct child_process cmd;
-	prepare_run_command_v_opt(&cmd, argv, opt);
+	struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	cmd.argv = argv;
+	cmd.no_stdin = opt & RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd.git_cmd = opt & RUN_GIT_CMD ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd.stdout_to_stderr = opt & RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd.silent_exec_failure = opt & RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd.use_shell = opt & RUN_USING_SHELL ? 1 : 0;
+	cmd.clean_on_exit = opt & RUN_CLEAN_ON_EXIT ? 1 : 0;
 	cmd.dir = dir;
 	cmd.env = env;
 	return run_command(&cmd);
@@ -520,6 +592,7 @@ int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const
 static pthread_t main_thread;
 static int main_thread_set;
 static pthread_key_t async_key;
+static pthread_key_t async_die_counter;
 
 static void *run_thread(void *data)
 {
@@ -546,6 +619,53 @@ static NORETURN void die_async(const char *err, va_list params)
 
 	exit(128);
 }
+
+static int async_die_is_recursing(void)
+{
+	void *ret = pthread_getspecific(async_die_counter);
+	pthread_setspecific(async_die_counter, (void *)1);
+	return ret != NULL;
+}
+
+#else
+
+static struct {
+	void (**handlers)(void);
+	size_t nr;
+	size_t alloc;
+} git_atexit_hdlrs;
+
+static int git_atexit_installed;
+
+static void git_atexit_dispatch(void)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	for (i=git_atexit_hdlrs.nr ; i ; i--)
+		git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers[i-1]();
+}
+
+static void git_atexit_clear(void)
+{
+	free(git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers);
+	memset(&git_atexit_hdlrs, 0, sizeof(git_atexit_hdlrs));
+	git_atexit_installed = 0;
+}
+
+#undef atexit
+int git_atexit(void (*handler)(void))
+{
+	ALLOC_GROW(git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers, git_atexit_hdlrs.nr + 1, git_atexit_hdlrs.alloc);
+	git_atexit_hdlrs.handlers[git_atexit_hdlrs.nr++] = handler;
+	if (!git_atexit_installed) {
+		if (atexit(&git_atexit_dispatch))
+			return -1;
+		git_atexit_installed = 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+#define atexit git_atexit
+
 #endif
 
 int start_async(struct async *async)
@@ -604,6 +724,7 @@ int start_async(struct async *async)
 			close(fdin[1]);
 		if (need_out)
 			close(fdout[0]);
+		git_atexit_clear();
 		exit(!!async->proc(proc_in, proc_out, async->data));
 	}
 
@@ -627,7 +748,9 @@ int start_async(struct async *async)
 		main_thread_set = 1;
 		main_thread = pthread_self();
 		pthread_key_create(&async_key, NULL);
+		pthread_key_create(&async_die_counter, NULL);
 		set_die_routine(die_async);
+		set_die_is_recursing_routine(async_die_is_recursing);
 	}
 
 	if (proc_in >= 0)
@@ -662,7 +785,7 @@ error:
 int finish_async(struct async *async)
 {
 #ifdef NO_PTHREADS
-	return wait_or_whine(async->pid, "child process", 0);
+	return wait_or_whine(async->pid, "child process");
 #else
 	void *ret = (void *)(intptr_t)(-1);
 
@@ -672,36 +795,58 @@ int finish_async(struct async *async)
 #endif
 }
 
-int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...)
+char *find_hook(const char *name)
 {
-	struct child_process hook;
-	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
-	const char *p, *env[2];
-	char index[PATH_MAX];
-	va_list args;
-	int ret;
+	char *path = git_path("hooks/%s", name);
+	if (access(path, X_OK) < 0)
+		path = NULL;
+
+	return path;
+}
+
+int run_hook_ve(const char *const *env, const char *name, va_list args)
+{
+	struct child_process hook = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *p;
 
-	if (access(git_path("hooks/%s", name), X_OK) < 0)
+	p = find_hook(name);
+	if (!p)
 		return 0;
 
-	va_start(args, name);
-	argv_array_push(&argv, git_path("hooks/%s", name));
+	argv_array_push(&hook.args, p);
 	while ((p = va_arg(args, const char *)))
-		argv_array_push(&argv, p);
-	va_end(args);
-
-	memset(&hook, 0, sizeof(hook));
-	hook.argv = argv.argv;
+		argv_array_push(&hook.args, p);
+	hook.env = env;
 	hook.no_stdin = 1;
 	hook.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
-	if (index_file) {
-		snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
-		env[0] = index;
-		env[1] = NULL;
-		hook.env = env;
-	}
 
-	ret = run_command(&hook);
-	argv_array_clear(&argv);
+	return run_command(&hook);
+}
+
+int run_hook_le(const char *const *env, const char *name, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	int ret;
+
+	va_start(args, name);
+	ret = run_hook_ve(env, name, args);
+	va_end(args);
+
 	return ret;
 }
+
+int capture_command(struct child_process *cmd, struct strbuf *buf, size_t hint)
+{
+	cmd->out = -1;
+	if (start_command(cmd) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (strbuf_read(buf, cmd->out, hint) < 0) {
+		close(cmd->out);
+		finish_command(cmd); /* throw away exit code */
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	close(cmd->out);
+	return finish_command(cmd);
+}
diff --git a/run-command.h b/run-command.h
index 44f7d2bd42..263b9662ad 100644
--- a/run-command.h
+++ b/run-command.h
@@ -5,8 +5,12 @@
 #include <pthread.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "argv-array.h"
+
 struct child_process {
 	const char **argv;
+	struct argv_array args;
+	struct argv_array env_array;
 	pid_t pid;
 	/*
 	 * Using .in, .out, .err:
@@ -39,14 +43,19 @@ struct child_process {
 	unsigned stdout_to_stderr:1;
 	unsigned use_shell:1;
 	unsigned clean_on_exit:1;
-	void (*preexec_cb)(void);
 };
 
+#define CHILD_PROCESS_INIT { NULL, ARGV_ARRAY_INIT, ARGV_ARRAY_INIT }
+void child_process_init(struct child_process *);
+
 int start_command(struct child_process *);
 int finish_command(struct child_process *);
 int run_command(struct child_process *);
 
-extern int run_hook(const char *index_file, const char *name, ...);
+extern char *find_hook(const char *name);
+LAST_ARG_MUST_BE_NULL
+extern int run_hook_le(const char *const *env, const char *name, ...);
+extern int run_hook_ve(const char *const *env, const char *name, va_list args);
 
 #define RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN 1
 #define RUN_GIT_CMD	     2	/*If this is to be git sub-command */
@@ -62,6 +71,19 @@ int run_command_v_opt(const char **argv, int opt);
  */
 int run_command_v_opt_cd_env(const char **argv, int opt, const char *dir, const char *const *env);
 
+/**
+ * Execute the given command, capturing its stdout in the given strbuf.
+ * Returns -1 if starting the command fails or reading fails, and otherwise
+ * returns the exit code of the command. The output collected in the
+ * buffer is kept even if the command returns a non-zero exit. The hint field
+ * gives a starting size for the strbuf allocation.
+ *
+ * The fields of "cmd" should be set up as they would for a normal run_command
+ * invocation. But note that there is no need to set cmd->out; the function
+ * sets it up for the caller.
+ */
+int capture_command(struct child_process *cmd, struct strbuf *buf, size_t hint);
+
 /*
  * The purpose of the following functions is to feed a pipe by running
  * a function asynchronously and providing output that the caller reads.
diff --git a/send-pack.c b/send-pack.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..189bdde0c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/send-pack.c
@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+#include "builtin.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "sideband.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
+#include "send-pack.h"
+#include "quote.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "gpg-interface.h"
+
+static int feed_object(const unsigned char *sha1, int fd, int negative)
+{
+	char buf[42];
+
+	if (negative && !has_sha1_file(sha1))
+		return 1;
+
+	memcpy(buf + negative, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
+	if (negative)
+		buf[0] = '^';
+	buf[40 + negative] = '\n';
+	return write_or_whine(fd, buf, 41 + negative, "send-pack: send refs");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make a pack stream and spit it out into file descriptor fd
+ */
+static int pack_objects(int fd, struct ref *refs, struct sha1_array *extra, struct send_pack_args *args)
+{
+	/*
+	 * The child becomes pack-objects --revs; we feed
+	 * the revision parameters to it via its stdin and
+	 * let its stdout go back to the other end.
+	 */
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"pack-objects",
+		"--all-progress-implied",
+		"--revs",
+		"--stdout",
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct child_process po = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	int i;
+
+	i = 4;
+	if (args->use_thin_pack)
+		argv[i++] = "--thin";
+	if (args->use_ofs_delta)
+		argv[i++] = "--delta-base-offset";
+	if (args->quiet || !args->progress)
+		argv[i++] = "-q";
+	if (args->progress)
+		argv[i++] = "--progress";
+	if (is_repository_shallow())
+		argv[i++] = "--shallow";
+	po.argv = argv;
+	po.in = -1;
+	po.out = args->stateless_rpc ? -1 : fd;
+	po.git_cmd = 1;
+	if (start_command(&po))
+		die_errno("git pack-objects failed");
+
+	/*
+	 * We feed the pack-objects we just spawned with revision
+	 * parameters by writing to the pipe.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++)
+		if (!feed_object(extra->sha1[i], po.in, 1))
+			break;
+
+	while (refs) {
+		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->old_sha1) &&
+		    !feed_object(refs->old_sha1, po.in, 1))
+			break;
+		if (!is_null_sha1(refs->new_sha1) &&
+		    !feed_object(refs->new_sha1, po.in, 0))
+			break;
+		refs = refs->next;
+	}
+
+	close(po.in);
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		char *buf = xmalloc(LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		while (1) {
+			ssize_t n = xread(po.out, buf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+			if (n <= 0)
+				break;
+			send_sideband(fd, -1, buf, n, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		}
+		free(buf);
+		close(po.out);
+		po.out = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (finish_command(&po))
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int receive_status(int in, struct ref *refs)
+{
+	struct ref *hint;
+	int ret = 0;
+	char *line = packet_read_line(in, NULL);
+	if (!starts_with(line, "unpack "))
+		return error("did not receive remote status");
+	if (strcmp(line, "unpack ok")) {
+		error("unpack failed: %s", line + 7);
+		ret = -1;
+	}
+	hint = NULL;
+	while (1) {
+		char *refname;
+		char *msg;
+		line = packet_read_line(in, NULL);
+		if (!line)
+			break;
+		if (!starts_with(line, "ok ") && !starts_with(line, "ng ")) {
+			error("invalid ref status from remote: %s", line);
+			ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		refname = line + 3;
+		msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
+		if (msg)
+			*msg++ = '\0';
+
+		/* first try searching at our hint, falling back to all refs */
+		if (hint)
+			hint = find_ref_by_name(hint, refname);
+		if (!hint)
+			hint = find_ref_by_name(refs, refname);
+		if (!hint) {
+			warning("remote reported status on unknown ref: %s",
+					refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (hint->status != REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT) {
+			warning("remote reported status on unexpected ref: %s",
+					refname);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (line[0] == 'o' && line[1] == 'k')
+			hint->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
+		else {
+			hint->status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		if (msg)
+			hint->remote_status = xstrdup(msg);
+		/* start our next search from the next ref */
+		hint = hint->next;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int sideband_demux(int in, int out, void *data)
+{
+	int *fd = data, ret;
+#ifdef NO_PTHREADS
+	close(fd[1]);
+#endif
+	ret = recv_sideband("send-pack", fd[0], out);
+	close(out);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int advertise_shallow_grafts_cb(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb)
+{
+	struct strbuf *sb = cb;
+	if (graft->nr_parent == -1)
+		packet_buf_write(sb, "shallow %s\n", sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void advertise_shallow_grafts_buf(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	if (!is_repository_shallow())
+		return;
+	for_each_commit_graft(advertise_shallow_grafts_cb, sb);
+}
+
+#define CHECK_REF_NO_PUSH -1
+#define CHECK_REF_STATUS_REJECTED -2
+#define CHECK_REF_UPTODATE -3
+static int check_to_send_update(const struct ref *ref, const struct send_pack_args *args)
+{
+	if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
+		return CHECK_REF_NO_PUSH;
+
+	/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
+	switch (ref->status) {
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE:
+		return CHECK_REF_STATUS_REJECTED;
+	case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		return CHECK_REF_UPTODATE;
+	default:
+		return 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * the beginning of the next line, or the end of buffer.
+ *
+ * NEEDSWORK: perhaps move this to git-compat-util.h or somewhere and
+ * convert many similar uses found by "git grep -A4 memchr".
+ */
+static const char *next_line(const char *line, size_t len)
+{
+	const char *nl = memchr(line, '\n', len);
+	if (!nl)
+		return line + len; /* incomplete line */
+	return nl + 1;
+}
+
+static int generate_push_cert(struct strbuf *req_buf,
+			      const struct ref *remote_refs,
+			      struct send_pack_args *args,
+			      const char *cap_string,
+			      const char *push_cert_nonce)
+{
+	const struct ref *ref;
+	char *signing_key = xstrdup(get_signing_key());
+	const char *cp, *np;
+	struct strbuf cert = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int update_seen = 0;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&cert, "certificate version 0.1\n");
+	strbuf_addf(&cert, "pusher %s ", signing_key);
+	datestamp(&cert);
+	strbuf_addch(&cert, '\n');
+	if (args->url && *args->url) {
+		char *anon_url = transport_anonymize_url(args->url);
+		strbuf_addf(&cert, "pushee %s\n", anon_url);
+		free(anon_url);
+	}
+	if (push_cert_nonce[0])
+		strbuf_addf(&cert, "nonce %s\n", push_cert_nonce);
+	strbuf_addstr(&cert, "\n");
+
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (check_to_send_update(ref, args) < 0)
+			continue;
+		update_seen = 1;
+		strbuf_addf(&cert, "%s %s %s\n",
+			    sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1),
+			    sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1),
+			    ref->name);
+	}
+	if (!update_seen)
+		goto free_return;
+
+	if (sign_buffer(&cert, &cert, signing_key))
+		die(_("failed to sign the push certificate"));
+
+	packet_buf_write(req_buf, "push-cert%c%s", 0, cap_string);
+	for (cp = cert.buf; cp < cert.buf + cert.len; cp = np) {
+		np = next_line(cp, cert.buf + cert.len - cp);
+		packet_buf_write(req_buf,
+				 "%.*s", (int)(np - cp), cp);
+	}
+	packet_buf_write(req_buf, "push-cert-end\n");
+
+free_return:
+	free(signing_key);
+	strbuf_release(&cert);
+	return update_seen;
+}
+
+
+static int atomic_push_failure(struct send_pack_args *args,
+			       struct ref *remote_refs,
+			       struct ref *failing_ref)
+{
+	struct ref *ref;
+	/* Mark other refs as failed */
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		if (!ref->peer_ref && !args->send_mirror)
+			continue;
+
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT:
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_ATOMIC_PUSH_FAILED;
+			continue;
+		default:
+			break; /* do nothing */
+		}
+	}
+	return error("atomic push failed for ref %s. status: %d\n",
+		     failing_ref->name, failing_ref->status);
+}
+
+int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
+	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
+	      struct ref *remote_refs,
+	      struct sha1_array *extra_have)
+{
+	int in = fd[0];
+	int out = fd[1];
+	struct strbuf req_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf cap_buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref *ref;
+	int need_pack_data = 0;
+	int allow_deleting_refs = 0;
+	int status_report = 0;
+	int use_sideband = 0;
+	int quiet_supported = 0;
+	int agent_supported = 0;
+	int use_atomic = 0;
+	int atomic_supported = 0;
+	unsigned cmds_sent = 0;
+	int ret;
+	struct async demux;
+	const char *push_cert_nonce = NULL;
+
+	/* Does the other end support the reporting? */
+	if (server_supports("report-status"))
+		status_report = 1;
+	if (server_supports("delete-refs"))
+		allow_deleting_refs = 1;
+	if (server_supports("ofs-delta"))
+		args->use_ofs_delta = 1;
+	if (server_supports("side-band-64k"))
+		use_sideband = 1;
+	if (server_supports("quiet"))
+		quiet_supported = 1;
+	if (server_supports("agent"))
+		agent_supported = 1;
+	if (server_supports("no-thin"))
+		args->use_thin_pack = 0;
+	if (server_supports("atomic"))
+		atomic_supported = 1;
+	if (args->push_cert) {
+		int len;
+
+		push_cert_nonce = server_feature_value("push-cert", &len);
+		if (!push_cert_nonce)
+			die(_("the receiving end does not support --signed push"));
+		push_cert_nonce = xmemdupz(push_cert_nonce, len);
+	}
+
+	if (!remote_refs) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "No refs in common and none specified; doing nothing.\n"
+			"Perhaps you should specify a branch such as 'master'.\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (args->atomic && !atomic_supported)
+		die(_("the receiving end does not support --atomic push"));
+
+	use_atomic = atomic_supported && args->atomic;
+
+	if (status_report)
+		strbuf_addstr(&cap_buf, " report-status");
+	if (use_sideband)
+		strbuf_addstr(&cap_buf, " side-band-64k");
+	if (quiet_supported && (args->quiet || !args->progress))
+		strbuf_addstr(&cap_buf, " quiet");
+	if (use_atomic)
+		strbuf_addstr(&cap_buf, " atomic");
+	if (agent_supported)
+		strbuf_addf(&cap_buf, " agent=%s", git_user_agent_sanitized());
+
+	/*
+	 * NEEDSWORK: why does delete-refs have to be so specific to
+	 * send-pack machinery that set_ref_status_for_push() cannot
+	 * set this bit for us???
+	 */
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+		if (ref->deletion && !allow_deleting_refs)
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NODELETE;
+
+	if (!args->dry_run)
+		advertise_shallow_grafts_buf(&req_buf);
+
+	if (!args->dry_run && args->push_cert)
+		cmds_sent = generate_push_cert(&req_buf, remote_refs, args,
+					       cap_buf.buf, push_cert_nonce);
+
+	/*
+	 * Clear the status for each ref and see if we need to send
+	 * the pack data.
+	 */
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		switch (check_to_send_update(ref, args)) {
+		case 0: /* no error */
+			break;
+		case CHECK_REF_STATUS_REJECTED:
+			/*
+			 * When we know the server would reject a ref update if
+			 * we were to send it and we're trying to send the refs
+			 * atomically, abort the whole operation.
+			 */
+			if (use_atomic)
+				return atomic_push_failure(args, remote_refs, ref);
+			/* Fallthrough for non atomic case. */
+		default:
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!ref->deletion)
+			need_pack_data = 1;
+
+		if (args->dry_run || !status_report)
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_OK;
+		else
+			ref->status = REF_STATUS_EXPECTING_REPORT;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Finally, tell the other end!
+	 */
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		char *old_hex, *new_hex;
+
+		if (args->dry_run || args->push_cert)
+			continue;
+
+		if (check_to_send_update(ref, args) < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		old_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1);
+		new_hex = sha1_to_hex(ref->new_sha1);
+		if (!cmds_sent) {
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf,
+					 "%s %s %s%c%s",
+					 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name, 0,
+					 cap_buf.buf);
+			cmds_sent = 1;
+		} else {
+			packet_buf_write(&req_buf, "%s %s %s",
+					 old_hex, new_hex, ref->name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (args->stateless_rpc) {
+		if (!args->dry_run && (cmds_sent || is_repository_shallow())) {
+			packet_buf_flush(&req_buf);
+			send_sideband(out, -1, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		}
+	} else {
+		write_or_die(out, req_buf.buf, req_buf.len);
+		packet_flush(out);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&req_buf);
+	strbuf_release(&cap_buf);
+
+	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
+		memset(&demux, 0, sizeof(demux));
+		demux.proc = sideband_demux;
+		demux.data = fd;
+		demux.out = -1;
+		if (start_async(&demux))
+			die("send-pack: unable to fork off sideband demultiplexer");
+		in = demux.out;
+	}
+
+	if (need_pack_data && cmds_sent) {
+		if (pack_objects(out, remote_refs, extra_have, args) < 0) {
+			for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
+				ref->status = REF_STATUS_NONE;
+			if (args->stateless_rpc)
+				close(out);
+			if (git_connection_is_socket(conn))
+				shutdown(fd[0], SHUT_WR);
+			if (use_sideband)
+				finish_async(&demux);
+			fd[1] = -1;
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (!args->stateless_rpc)
+			/* Closed by pack_objects() via start_command() */
+			fd[1] = -1;
+	}
+	if (args->stateless_rpc && cmds_sent)
+		packet_flush(out);
+
+	if (status_report && cmds_sent)
+		ret = receive_status(in, remote_refs);
+	else
+		ret = 0;
+	if (args->stateless_rpc)
+		packet_flush(out);
+
+	if (use_sideband && cmds_sent) {
+		if (finish_async(&demux)) {
+			error("error in sideband demultiplexer");
+			ret = -1;
+		}
+		close(demux.out);
+	}
+
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (args->porcelain)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
+		switch (ref->status) {
+		case REF_STATUS_NONE:
+		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
+		case REF_STATUS_OK:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/send-pack.h b/send-pack.h
index 05d7ab118b..b6646488aa 100644
--- a/send-pack.h
+++ b/send-pack.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define SEND_PACK_H
 
 struct send_pack_args {
+	const char *url;
 	unsigned verbose:1,
 		quiet:1,
 		porcelain:1,
@@ -11,11 +12,13 @@ struct send_pack_args {
 		use_thin_pack:1,
 		use_ofs_delta:1,
 		dry_run:1,
-		stateless_rpc:1;
+		push_cert:1,
+		stateless_rpc:1,
+		atomic:1;
 };
 
 int send_pack(struct send_pack_args *args,
 	      int fd[], struct child_process *conn,
-	      struct ref *remote_refs, struct extra_have_objects *extra_have);
+	      struct ref *remote_refs, struct sha1_array *extra_have);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index a37846a594..c4f4b7d571 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "sequencer.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "object.h"
@@ -13,10 +14,96 @@
 #include "rerere.h"
 #include "merge-recursive.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 
 #define GIT_REFLOG_ACTION "GIT_REFLOG_ACTION"
 
-void remove_sequencer_state(void)
+const char sign_off_header[] = "Signed-off-by: ";
+static const char cherry_picked_prefix[] = "(cherry picked from commit ";
+
+static int is_rfc2822_line(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+		int ch = buf[i];
+		if (ch == ':')
+			return 1;
+		if (!isalnum(ch) && ch != '-')
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int is_cherry_picked_from_line(const char *buf, int len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * We only care that it looks roughly like (cherry picked from ...)
+	 */
+	return len > strlen(cherry_picked_prefix) + 1 &&
+		starts_with(buf, cherry_picked_prefix) && buf[len - 1] == ')';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns 0 for non-conforming footer
+ * Returns 1 for conforming footer
+ * Returns 2 when sob exists within conforming footer
+ * Returns 3 when sob exists within conforming footer as last entry
+ */
+static int has_conforming_footer(struct strbuf *sb, struct strbuf *sob,
+	int ignore_footer)
+{
+	char prev;
+	int i, k;
+	int len = sb->len - ignore_footer;
+	const char *buf = sb->buf;
+	int found_sob = 0;
+
+	/* footer must end with newline */
+	if (!len || buf[len - 1] != '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	prev = '\0';
+	for (i = len - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+		char ch = buf[i];
+		if (prev == '\n' && ch == '\n') /* paragraph break */
+			break;
+		prev = ch;
+	}
+
+	/* require at least one blank line */
+	if (prev != '\n' || buf[i] != '\n')
+		return 0;
+
+	/* advance to start of last paragraph */
+	while (i < len - 1 && buf[i] == '\n')
+		i++;
+
+	for (; i < len; i = k) {
+		int found_rfc2822;
+
+		for (k = i; k < len && buf[k] != '\n'; k++)
+			; /* do nothing */
+		k++;
+
+		found_rfc2822 = is_rfc2822_line(buf + i, k - i - 1);
+		if (found_rfc2822 && sob &&
+		    !strncmp(buf + i, sob->buf, sob->len))
+			found_sob = k;
+
+		if (!(found_rfc2822 ||
+		      is_cherry_picked_from_line(buf + i, k - i - 1)))
+			return 0;
+	}
+	if (found_sob == i)
+		return 3;
+	if (found_sob)
+		return 2;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void remove_sequencer_state(void)
 {
 	struct strbuf seq_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 
@@ -30,39 +117,23 @@ static const char *action_name(const struct replay_opts *opts)
 	return opts->action == REPLAY_REVERT ? "revert" : "cherry-pick";
 }
 
-static char *get_encoding(const char *message);
-
 struct commit_message {
 	char *parent_label;
 	const char *label;
 	const char *subject;
-	char *reencoded_message;
 	const char *message;
 };
 
 static int get_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *out)
 {
-	const char *encoding;
 	const char *abbrev, *subject;
 	int abbrev_len, subject_len;
 	char *q;
 
-	if (!commit->buffer)
-		return -1;
-	encoding = get_encoding(commit->buffer);
-	if (!encoding)
-		encoding = "UTF-8";
 	if (!git_commit_encoding)
 		git_commit_encoding = "UTF-8";
 
-	out->reencoded_message = NULL;
-	out->message = commit->buffer;
-	if (strcmp(encoding, git_commit_encoding))
-		out->reencoded_message = reencode_string(commit->buffer,
-					git_commit_encoding, encoding);
-	if (out->reencoded_message)
-		out->message = out->reencoded_message;
-
+	out->message = logmsg_reencode(commit, NULL, git_commit_encoding);
 	abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(commit->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
 	abbrev_len = strlen(abbrev);
 
@@ -81,29 +152,10 @@ static int get_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *out)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void free_message(struct commit_message *msg)
+static void free_message(struct commit *commit, struct commit_message *msg)
 {
 	free(msg->parent_label);
-	free(msg->reencoded_message);
-}
-
-static char *get_encoding(const char *message)
-{
-	const char *p = message, *eol;
-
-	while (*p && *p != '\n') {
-		for (eol = p + 1; *eol && *eol != '\n'; eol++)
-			; /* do nothing */
-		if (!prefixcmp(p, "encoding ")) {
-			char *result = xmalloc(eol - 8 - p);
-			strlcpy(result, p + 9, eol - 8 - p);
-			return result;
-		}
-		p = eol;
-		if (*p == '\n')
-			p++;
-	}
-	return NULL;
+	unuse_commit_buffer(commit, msg->message);
 }
 
 static void write_cherry_pick_head(struct commit *commit, const char *pseudoref)
@@ -130,7 +182,7 @@ static void print_advice(int show_hint, struct replay_opts *opts)
 	if (msg) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
 		/*
-		 * A conflict has occured but the porcelain
+		 * A conflict has occurred but the porcelain
 		 * (typically rebase --interactive) wants to take care
 		 * of the commit itself so remove CHERRY_PICK_HEAD
 		 */
@@ -164,7 +216,7 @@ static void write_message(struct strbuf *msgbuf, const char *filename)
 
 static struct tree *empty_tree(void)
 {
-	return lookup_tree((const unsigned char *)EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+	return lookup_tree(EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
 }
 
 static int error_dirty_index(struct replay_opts *opts)
@@ -183,15 +235,53 @@ static int error_dirty_index(struct replay_opts *opts)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from)
+static int fast_forward_to(const unsigned char *to, const unsigned char *from,
+			int unborn, struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
-	struct ref_lock *ref_lock;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	read_cache();
-	if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to))
-		exit(1); /* the callee should have complained already */
-	ref_lock = lock_any_ref_for_update("HEAD", from, 0);
-	return write_ref_sha1(ref_lock, to, "cherry-pick");
+	if (checkout_fast_forward(from, to, 1))
+		exit(128); /* the callee should have complained already */
+
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s: fast-forward", action_name(opts));
+
+	transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+	if (!transaction ||
+	    ref_transaction_update(transaction, "HEAD",
+				   to, unborn ? null_sha1 : from,
+				   0, sb.buf, &err) ||
+	    ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		strbuf_release(&err);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void append_conflicts_hint(struct strbuf *msgbuf)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	strbuf_addch(msgbuf, '\n');
+	strbuf_commented_addf(msgbuf, "Conflicts:\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
+		if (ce_stage(ce)) {
+			strbuf_commented_addf(msgbuf, "\t%s\n", ce->name);
+			while (i < active_nr && !strcmp(ce->name,
+							active_cache[i]->name))
+				i++;
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
@@ -201,11 +291,11 @@ static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
 {
 	struct merge_options o;
 	struct tree *result, *next_tree, *base_tree, *head_tree;
-	int clean, index_fd;
+	int clean;
 	const char **xopt;
 	static struct lock_file index_lock;
 
-	index_fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 
 	read_cache();
 
@@ -226,31 +316,51 @@ static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
 			    next_tree, base_tree, &result);
 
 	if (active_cache_changed &&
-	    (write_cache(index_fd, active_cache, active_nr) ||
-	     commit_locked_index(&index_lock)))
+	    write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		/* TRANSLATORS: %s will be "revert" or "cherry-pick" */
 		die(_("%s: Unable to write new index file"), action_name(opts));
 	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
 
-	if (!clean) {
-		int i;
-		strbuf_addstr(msgbuf, "\nConflicts:\n\n");
-		for (i = 0; i < active_nr;) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i++];
-			if (ce_stage(ce)) {
-				strbuf_addch(msgbuf, '\t');
-				strbuf_addstr(msgbuf, ce->name);
-				strbuf_addch(msgbuf, '\n');
-				while (i < active_nr && !strcmp(ce->name,
-						active_cache[i]->name))
-					i++;
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	if (opts->signoff)
+		append_signoff(msgbuf, 0, 0);
+
+	if (!clean)
+		append_conflicts_hint(msgbuf);
 
 	return !clean;
 }
 
+static int is_index_unchanged(void)
+{
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	struct commit *head_commit;
+
+	if (!resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, head_sha1, NULL))
+		return error(_("Could not resolve HEAD commit\n"));
+
+	head_commit = lookup_commit(head_sha1);
+
+	/*
+	 * If head_commit is NULL, check_commit, called from
+	 * lookup_commit, would have indicated that head_commit is not
+	 * a commit object already.  parse_commit() will return failure
+	 * without further complaints in such a case.  Otherwise, if
+	 * the commit is invalid, parse_commit() will complain.  So
+	 * there is nothing for us to say here.  Just return failure.
+	 */
+	if (parse_commit(head_commit))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (!active_cache_tree)
+		active_cache_tree = cache_tree();
+
+	if (!cache_tree_fully_valid(active_cache_tree))
+		if (cache_tree_update(&the_index, 0))
+			return error(_("Unable to update cache tree\n"));
+
+	return !hashcmp(active_cache_tree->sha1, head_commit->tree->object.sha1);
+}
+
 /*
  * If we are cherry-pick, and if the merge did not result in
  * hand-editing, we will hit this commit and inherit the original
@@ -258,23 +368,97 @@ static int do_recursive_merge(struct commit *base, struct commit *next,
  * If we are revert, or if our cherry-pick results in a hand merge,
  * we had better say that the current user is responsible for that.
  */
-static int run_git_commit(const char *defmsg, struct replay_opts *opts)
+static int run_git_commit(const char *defmsg, struct replay_opts *opts,
+			  int allow_empty)
 {
-	/* 6 is max possible length of our args array including NULL */
-	const char *args[6];
-	int i = 0;
+	struct argv_array array;
+	int rc;
+	const char *value;
 
-	args[i++] = "commit";
-	args[i++] = "-n";
+	argv_array_init(&array);
+	argv_array_push(&array, "commit");
+	argv_array_push(&array, "-n");
+
+	if (opts->gpg_sign)
+		argv_array_pushf(&array, "-S%s", opts->gpg_sign);
 	if (opts->signoff)
-		args[i++] = "-s";
+		argv_array_push(&array, "-s");
 	if (!opts->edit) {
-		args[i++] = "-F";
-		args[i++] = defmsg;
+		argv_array_push(&array, "-F");
+		argv_array_push(&array, defmsg);
+		if (!opts->signoff &&
+		    !opts->record_origin &&
+		    git_config_get_value("commit.cleanup", &value))
+			argv_array_push(&array, "--cleanup=verbatim");
+	}
+
+	if (allow_empty)
+		argv_array_push(&array, "--allow-empty");
+
+	if (opts->allow_empty_message)
+		argv_array_push(&array, "--allow-empty-message");
+
+	rc = run_command_v_opt(array.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	argv_array_clear(&array);
+	return rc;
+}
+
+static int is_original_commit_empty(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	const unsigned char *ptree_sha1;
+
+	if (parse_commit(commit))
+		return error(_("Could not parse commit %s\n"),
+			     sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
+	if (commit->parents) {
+		struct commit *parent = commit->parents->item;
+		if (parse_commit(parent))
+			return error(_("Could not parse parent commit %s\n"),
+				sha1_to_hex(parent->object.sha1));
+		ptree_sha1 = parent->tree->object.sha1;
+	} else {
+		ptree_sha1 = EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN; /* commit is root */
 	}
-	args[i] = NULL;
 
-	return run_command_v_opt(args, RUN_GIT_CMD);
+	return !hashcmp(ptree_sha1, commit->tree->object.sha1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Do we run "git commit" with "--allow-empty"?
+ */
+static int allow_empty(struct replay_opts *opts, struct commit *commit)
+{
+	int index_unchanged, empty_commit;
+
+	/*
+	 * Three cases:
+	 *
+	 * (1) we do not allow empty at all and error out.
+	 *
+	 * (2) we allow ones that were initially empty, but
+	 * forbid the ones that become empty;
+	 *
+	 * (3) we allow both.
+	 */
+	if (!opts->allow_empty)
+		return 0; /* let "git commit" barf as necessary */
+
+	index_unchanged = is_index_unchanged();
+	if (index_unchanged < 0)
+		return index_unchanged;
+	if (!index_unchanged)
+		return 0; /* we do not have to say --allow-empty */
+
+	if (opts->keep_redundant_commits)
+		return 1;
+
+	empty_commit = is_original_commit_empty(commit);
+	if (empty_commit < 0)
+		return empty_commit;
+	if (!empty_commit)
+		return 0;
+	else
+		return 1;
 }
 
 static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
@@ -282,10 +466,10 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 	unsigned char head[20];
 	struct commit *base, *next, *parent;
 	const char *base_label, *next_label;
-	struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
+	struct commit_message msg = { NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
 	char *defmsg = NULL;
 	struct strbuf msgbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	int res;
+	int res, unborn = 0, allow;
 
 	if (opts->no_commit) {
 		/*
@@ -297,9 +481,10 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 		if (write_cache_as_tree(head, 0, NULL))
 			die (_("Your index file is unmerged."));
 	} else {
-		if (get_sha1("HEAD", head))
-			return error(_("You do not have a valid HEAD"));
-		if (index_differs_from("HEAD", 0))
+		unborn = get_sha1("HEAD", head);
+		if (unborn)
+			hashcpy(head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+		if (index_differs_from(unborn ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : "HEAD", 0))
 			return error_dirty_index(opts);
 	}
 	discard_cache();
@@ -330,8 +515,10 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 	else
 		parent = commit->parents->item;
 
-	if (opts->allow_ff && parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.sha1, head))
-		return fast_forward_to(commit->object.sha1, head);
+	if (opts->allow_ff &&
+	    ((parent && !hashcmp(parent->object.sha1, head)) ||
+	     (!parent && unborn)))
+		return fast_forward_to(commit->object.sha1, head, unborn, opts);
 
 	if (parent && parse_commit(parent) < 0)
 		/* TRANSLATORS: The first %s will be "revert" or
@@ -387,7 +574,9 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 		}
 
 		if (opts->record_origin) {
-			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, "(cherry picked from commit ");
+			if (!has_conforming_footer(&msgbuf, NULL, 0))
+				strbuf_addch(&msgbuf, '\n');
+			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, cherry_picked_prefix);
 			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
 			strbuf_addstr(&msgbuf, ")\n");
 		}
@@ -430,12 +619,19 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 		      msg.subject);
 		print_advice(res == 1, opts);
 		rerere(opts->allow_rerere_auto);
-	} else {
-		if (!opts->no_commit)
-			res = run_git_commit(defmsg, opts);
+		goto leave;
+	}
+
+	allow = allow_empty(opts, commit);
+	if (allow < 0) {
+		res = allow;
+		goto leave;
 	}
+	if (!opts->no_commit)
+		res = run_git_commit(defmsg, opts, allow);
 
-	free_message(&msg);
+leave:
+	free_message(commit, &msg);
 	free(defmsg);
 
 	return res;
@@ -443,7 +639,11 @@ static int do_pick_commit(struct commit *commit, struct replay_opts *opts)
 
 static void prepare_revs(struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
-	if (opts->action != REPLAY_REVERT)
+	/*
+	 * picking (but not reverting) ranges (but not individual revisions)
+	 * should be done in reverse
+	 */
+	if (opts->action == REPLAY_PICK && !opts->revs->no_walk)
 		opts->revs->reverse ^= 1;
 
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(opts->revs))
@@ -460,41 +660,13 @@ static void read_and_refresh_cache(struct replay_opts *opts)
 	if (read_index_preload(&the_index, NULL) < 0)
 		die(_("git %s: failed to read the index"), action_name(opts));
 	refresh_index(&the_index, REFRESH_QUIET|REFRESH_UNMERGED, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-	if (the_index.cache_changed) {
-		if (write_index(&the_index, index_fd) ||
-		    commit_locked_index(&index_lock))
+	if (the_index.cache_changed && index_fd >= 0) {
+		if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 			die(_("git %s: failed to refresh the index"), action_name(opts));
 	}
 	rollback_lock_file(&index_lock);
 }
 
-/*
- * Append a commit to the end of the commit_list.
- *
- * next starts by pointing to the variable that holds the head of an
- * empty commit_list, and is updated to point to the "next" field of
- * the last item on the list as new commits are appended.
- *
- * Usage example:
- *
- *     struct commit_list *list;
- *     struct commit_list **next = &list;
- *
- *     next = commit_list_append(c1, next);
- *     next = commit_list_append(c2, next);
- *     assert(commit_list_count(list) == 2);
- *     return list;
- */
-static struct commit_list **commit_list_append(struct commit *commit,
-					       struct commit_list **next)
-{
-	struct commit_list *new = xmalloc(sizeof(struct commit_list));
-	new->item = commit;
-	*next = new;
-	new->next = NULL;
-	return &new->next;
-}
-
 static int format_todo(struct strbuf *buf, struct commit_list *todo_list,
 		struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
@@ -505,10 +677,12 @@ static int format_todo(struct strbuf *buf, struct commit_list *todo_list,
 	int subject_len;
 
 	for (cur = todo_list; cur; cur = cur->next) {
+		const char *commit_buffer = get_commit_buffer(cur->item, NULL);
 		sha1_abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(cur->item->object.sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
-		subject_len = find_commit_subject(cur->item->buffer, &subject);
+		subject_len = find_commit_subject(commit_buffer, &subject);
 		strbuf_addf(buf, "%s %s %.*s\n", action_str, sha1_abbrev,
 			subject_len, subject);
+		unuse_commit_buffer(cur->item, commit_buffer);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -520,10 +694,10 @@ static struct commit *parse_insn_line(char *bol, char *eol, struct replay_opts *
 	char *end_of_object_name;
 	int saved, status, padding;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(bol, "pick")) {
+	if (starts_with(bol, "pick")) {
 		action = REPLAY_PICK;
 		bol += strlen("pick");
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(bol, "revert")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(bol, "revert")) {
 		action = REPLAY_REVERT;
 		bol += strlen("revert");
 	} else
@@ -623,6 +797,8 @@ static int populate_opts_cb(const char *key, const char *value, void *data)
 		opts->mainline = git_config_int(key, value);
 	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.strategy"))
 		git_config_string(&opts->strategy, key, value);
+	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.gpg-sign"))
+		git_config_string(&opts->gpg_sign, key, value);
 	else if (!strcmp(key, "options.strategy-option")) {
 		ALLOC_GROW(opts->xopts, opts->xopts_nr + 1, opts->xopts_alloc);
 		opts->xopts[opts->xopts_nr++] = xstrdup(value);
@@ -704,7 +880,7 @@ static int rollback_single_pick(void)
 	if (!file_exists(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD")) &&
 	    !file_exists(git_path("REVERT_HEAD")))
 		return error(_("no cherry-pick or revert in progress"));
-	if (read_ref_full("HEAD", head_sha1, 0, NULL))
+	if (read_ref_full("HEAD", 0, head_sha1, NULL))
 		return error(_("cannot resolve HEAD"));
 	if (is_null_sha1(head_sha1))
 		return error(_("cannot abort from a branch yet to be born"));
@@ -796,6 +972,8 @@ static void save_opts(struct replay_opts *opts)
 	}
 	if (opts->strategy)
 		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.strategy", opts->strategy);
+	if (opts->gpg_sign)
+		git_config_set_in_file(opts_file, "options.gpg-sign", opts->gpg_sign);
 	if (opts->xopts) {
 		int i;
 		for (i = 0; i < opts->xopts_nr; i++)
@@ -873,6 +1051,7 @@ int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
 {
 	struct commit_list *todo_list = NULL;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	int i;
 
 	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_NONE)
 		assert(opts->revs);
@@ -893,6 +1072,23 @@ int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
 	if (opts->subcommand == REPLAY_CONTINUE)
 		return sequencer_continue(opts);
 
+	for (i = 0; i < opts->revs->pending.nr; i++) {
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+		const char *name = opts->revs->pending.objects[i].name;
+
+		/* This happens when using --stdin. */
+		if (!strlen(name))
+			continue;
+
+		if (!get_sha1(name, sha1)) {
+			if (!lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) {
+				enum object_type type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+				die(_("%s: can't cherry-pick a %s"), name, typename(type));
+			}
+		} else
+			die(_("%s: bad revision"), name);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * If we were called as "git cherry-pick <commit>", just
 	 * cherry-pick/revert it, set CHERRY_PICK_HEAD /
@@ -931,3 +1127,68 @@ int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts)
 	save_opts(opts);
 	return pick_commits(todo_list, opts);
 }
+
+void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag)
+{
+	unsigned no_dup_sob = flag & APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP;
+	struct strbuf sob = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int has_footer;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&sob, sign_off_header);
+	strbuf_addstr(&sob, fmt_name(getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_NAME"),
+				getenv("GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL")));
+	strbuf_addch(&sob, '\n');
+
+	/*
+	 * If the whole message buffer is equal to the sob, pretend that we
+	 * found a conforming footer with a matching sob
+	 */
+	if (msgbuf->len - ignore_footer == sob.len &&
+	    !strncmp(msgbuf->buf, sob.buf, sob.len))
+		has_footer = 3;
+	else
+		has_footer = has_conforming_footer(msgbuf, &sob, ignore_footer);
+
+	if (!has_footer) {
+		const char *append_newlines = NULL;
+		size_t len = msgbuf->len - ignore_footer;
+
+		if (!len) {
+			/*
+			 * The buffer is completely empty.  Leave foom for
+			 * the title and body to be filled in by the user.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n\n";
+		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 1] != '\n') {
+			/*
+			 * Incomplete line.  Complete the line and add a
+			 * blank one so that there is an empty line between
+			 * the message body and the sob.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n\n";
+		} else if (len == 1) {
+			/*
+			 * Buffer contains a single newline.  Add another
+			 * so that we leave room for the title and body.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n";
+		} else if (msgbuf->buf[len - 2] != '\n') {
+			/*
+			 * Buffer ends with a single newline.  Add another
+			 * so that there is an empty line between the message
+			 * body and the sob.
+			 */
+			append_newlines = "\n";
+		} /* else, the buffer already ends with two newlines. */
+
+		if (append_newlines)
+			strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
+				append_newlines, strlen(append_newlines));
+	}
+
+	if (has_footer != 3 && (!no_dup_sob || has_footer != 2))
+		strbuf_splice(msgbuf, msgbuf->len - ignore_footer, 0,
+				sob.buf, sob.len);
+
+	strbuf_release(&sob);
+}
diff --git a/sequencer.h b/sequencer.h
index bb4b13830e..5ed5cb1d97 100644
--- a/sequencer.h
+++ b/sequencer.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 #define SEQ_TODO_FILE	"sequencer/todo"
 #define SEQ_OPTS_FILE	"sequencer/opts"
 
+#define APPEND_SIGNOFF_DEDUP (1u << 0)
+
 enum replay_action {
 	REPLAY_REVERT,
 	REPLAY_PICK
@@ -29,9 +31,14 @@ struct replay_opts {
 	int signoff;
 	int allow_ff;
 	int allow_rerere_auto;
+	int allow_empty;
+	int allow_empty_message;
+	int keep_redundant_commits;
 
 	int mainline;
 
+	const char *gpg_sign;
+
 	/* Merge strategy */
 	const char *strategy;
 	const char **xopts;
@@ -41,9 +48,11 @@ struct replay_opts {
 	struct rev_info *revs;
 };
 
-/* Removes SEQ_DIR. */
-extern void remove_sequencer_state(void);
-
 int sequencer_pick_revisions(struct replay_opts *opts);
 
+extern const char sign_off_header[];
+
+void append_signoff(struct strbuf *msgbuf, int ignore_footer, unsigned flag);
+void append_conflicts_hint(struct strbuf *msgbuf);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/server-info.c b/server-info.c
index 9ec744e9f2..34b0253177 100644
--- a/server-info.c
+++ b/server-info.c
@@ -4,45 +4,80 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
 
-/* refs */
-static FILE *info_ref_fp;
+/*
+ * Create the file "path" by writing to a temporary file and renaming
+ * it into place. The contents of the file come from "generate", which
+ * should return non-zero if it encounters an error.
+ */
+static int update_info_file(char *path, int (*generate)(FILE *))
+{
+	char *tmp = mkpathdup("%s_XXXXXX", path);
+	int ret = -1;
+	int fd = -1;
+	FILE *fp = NULL;
+
+	safe_create_leading_directories(path);
+	fd = git_mkstemp_mode(tmp, 0666);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		goto out;
+	fp = fdopen(fd, "w");
+	if (!fp)
+		goto out;
+	ret = generate(fp);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+	if (fclose(fp))
+		goto out;
+	if (adjust_shared_perm(tmp) < 0)
+		goto out;
+	if (rename(tmp, path) < 0)
+		goto out;
+	ret = 0;
+
+out:
+	if (ret) {
+		error("unable to update %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
+		if (fp)
+			fclose(fp);
+		else if (fd >= 0)
+			close(fd);
+		unlink(tmp);
+	}
+	free(tmp);
+	return ret;
+}
 
 static int add_info_ref(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
+	FILE *fp = cb_data;
 	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o)
 		return -1;
 
-	fprintf(info_ref_fp, "%s	%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path);
+	if (fprintf(fp, "%s	%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), path) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
 	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
 		o = deref_tag(o, path, 0);
 		if (o)
-			fprintf(info_ref_fp, "%s	%s^{}\n",
-				sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), path);
+			if (fprintf(fp, "%s	%s^{}\n",
+				sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), path) < 0)
+				return -1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int generate_info_refs(FILE *fp)
+{
+	return for_each_ref(add_info_ref, fp);
+}
+
 static int update_info_refs(int force)
 {
-	char *path0 = git_pathdup("info/refs");
-	int len = strlen(path0);
-	char *path1 = xmalloc(len + 2);
-
-	strcpy(path1, path0);
-	strcpy(path1 + len, "+");
-
-	safe_create_leading_directories(path0);
-	info_ref_fp = fopen(path1, "w");
-	if (!info_ref_fp)
-		return error("unable to update %s", path1);
-	for_each_ref(add_info_ref, NULL);
-	fclose(info_ref_fp);
-	adjust_shared_perm(path1);
-	rename(path1, path0);
-	free(path0);
-	free(path1);
-	return 0;
+	char *path = git_pathdup("info/refs");
+	int ret = update_info_file(path, generate_info_refs);
+	free(path);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /* packs */
@@ -198,36 +233,36 @@ static void init_pack_info(const char *infofile, int force)
 		info[i]->new_num = i;
 }
 
-static void write_pack_info_file(FILE *fp)
+static void free_pack_info(void)
 {
 	int i;
 	for (i = 0; i < num_pack; i++)
-		fprintf(fp, "P %s\n", info[i]->p->pack_name + objdirlen + 6);
-	fputc('\n', fp);
+		free(info[i]);
+	free(info);
 }
 
-static int update_info_packs(int force)
+static int write_pack_info_file(FILE *fp)
 {
-	char infofile[PATH_MAX];
-	char name[PATH_MAX];
-	int namelen;
-	FILE *fp;
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < num_pack; i++) {
+		if (fprintf(fp, "P %s\n", info[i]->p->pack_name + objdirlen + 6) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	if (fputc('\n', fp) == EOF)
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	namelen = sprintf(infofile, "%s/info/packs", get_object_directory());
-	strcpy(name, infofile);
-	strcpy(name + namelen, "+");
+static int update_info_packs(int force)
+{
+	char *infofile = mkpathdup("%s/info/packs", get_object_directory());
+	int ret;
 
 	init_pack_info(infofile, force);
-
-	safe_create_leading_directories(name);
-	fp = fopen(name, "w");
-	if (!fp)
-		return error("cannot open %s", name);
-	write_pack_info_file(fp);
-	fclose(fp);
-	adjust_shared_perm(name);
-	rename(name, infofile);
-	return 0;
+	ret = update_info_file(infofile, write_pack_info_file);
+	free_pack_info();
+	free(infofile);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 /* public */
diff --git a/setup.c b/setup.c
index 7a3618fab7..979b13f0c6 100644
--- a/setup.c
+++ b/setup.c
@@ -1,51 +1,149 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "dir.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static int inside_git_dir = -1;
 static int inside_work_tree = -1;
 
-char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
+/*
+ * The input parameter must contain an absolute path, and it must already be
+ * normalized.
+ *
+ * Find the part of an absolute path that lies inside the work tree by
+ * dereferencing symlinks outside the work tree, for example:
+ * /dir1/repo/dir2/file   (work tree is /dir1/repo)      -> dir2/file
+ * /dir/file              (work tree is /)               -> dir/file
+ * /dir/symlink1/symlink2 (symlink1 points to work tree) -> symlink2
+ * /dir/repolink/file     (repolink points to /dir/repo) -> file
+ * /dir/repo              (exactly equal to work tree)   -> (empty string)
+ */
+static int abspath_part_inside_repo(char *path)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	size_t wtlen;
+	char *path0;
+	int off;
+	const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
+
+	if (!work_tree)
+		return -1;
+	wtlen = strlen(work_tree);
+	len = strlen(path);
+	off = offset_1st_component(path);
+
+	/* check if work tree is already the prefix */
+	if (wtlen <= len && !strncmp(path, work_tree, wtlen)) {
+		if (path[wtlen] == '/') {
+			memmove(path, path + wtlen + 1, len - wtlen);
+			return 0;
+		} else if (path[wtlen - 1] == '/' || path[wtlen] == '\0') {
+			/* work tree is the root, or the whole path */
+			memmove(path, path + wtlen, len - wtlen + 1);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		/* work tree might match beginning of a symlink to work tree */
+		off = wtlen;
+	}
+	path0 = path;
+	path += off;
+
+	/* check each '/'-terminated level */
+	while (*path) {
+		path++;
+		if (*path == '/') {
+			*path = '\0';
+			if (strcmp(real_path(path0), work_tree) == 0) {
+				memmove(path0, path + 1, len - (path - path0));
+				return 0;
+			}
+			*path = '/';
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* check whole path */
+	if (strcmp(real_path(path0), work_tree) == 0) {
+		*path0 = '\0';
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Normalize "path", prepending the "prefix" for relative paths. If
+ * remaining_prefix is not NULL, return the actual prefix still
+ * remains in the path. For example, prefix = sub1/sub2/ and path is
+ *
+ *  foo          -> sub1/sub2/foo  (full prefix)
+ *  ../foo       -> sub1/foo       (remaining prefix is sub1/)
+ *  ../../bar    -> bar            (no remaining prefix)
+ *  ../../sub1/sub2/foo -> sub1/sub2/foo (but no remaining prefix)
+ *  `pwd`/../bar -> sub1/bar       (no remaining prefix)
+ */
+char *prefix_path_gently(const char *prefix, int len,
+			 int *remaining_prefix, const char *path)
 {
 	const char *orig = path;
 	char *sanitized;
 	if (is_absolute_path(orig)) {
-		const char *temp = real_path(path);
-		sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(temp) + 1);
-		strcpy(sanitized, temp);
+		sanitized = xmalloc(strlen(path) + 1);
+		if (remaining_prefix)
+			*remaining_prefix = 0;
+		if (normalize_path_copy_len(sanitized, path, remaining_prefix)) {
+			free(sanitized);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		if (abspath_part_inside_repo(sanitized)) {
+			free(sanitized);
+			return NULL;
+		}
 	} else {
 		sanitized = xmalloc(len + strlen(path) + 1);
 		if (len)
 			memcpy(sanitized, prefix, len);
 		strcpy(sanitized + len, path);
-	}
-	if (normalize_path_copy(sanitized, sanitized))
-		goto error_out;
-	if (is_absolute_path(orig)) {
-		size_t root_len, len, total;
-		const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
-		if (!work_tree)
-			goto error_out;
-		len = strlen(work_tree);
-		root_len = offset_1st_component(work_tree);
-		total = strlen(sanitized) + 1;
-		if (strncmp(sanitized, work_tree, len) ||
-		    (len > root_len && sanitized[len] != '\0' && sanitized[len] != '/')) {
-		error_out:
-			die("'%s' is outside repository", orig);
+		if (remaining_prefix)
+			*remaining_prefix = len;
+		if (normalize_path_copy_len(sanitized, sanitized, remaining_prefix)) {
+			free(sanitized);
+			return NULL;
 		}
-		if (sanitized[len] == '/')
-			len++;
-		memmove(sanitized, sanitized + len, total - len);
 	}
 	return sanitized;
 }
 
+char *prefix_path(const char *prefix, int len, const char *path)
+{
+	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
+	if (!r)
+		die("'%s' is outside repository", path);
+	return r;
+}
+
+int path_inside_repo(const char *prefix, const char *path)
+{
+	int len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+	char *r = prefix_path_gently(prefix, len, NULL, path);
+	if (r) {
+		free(r);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
 {
 	const char *name;
 	struct stat st;
 
-	name = prefix ? prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg) : arg;
+	if (starts_with(arg, ":/")) {
+		if (arg[2] == '\0') /* ":/" is root dir, always exists */
+			return 1;
+		name = arg + 2;
+	} else if (prefix)
+		name = prefix_filename(prefix, strlen(prefix), arg);
+	else
+		name = arg;
 	if (!lstat(name, &st))
 		return 1; /* file exists */
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
@@ -53,24 +151,27 @@ int check_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
 	die_errno("failed to stat '%s'", arg);
 }
 
-static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
+static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix,
+					 const char *arg,
+					 int diagnose_misspelt_rev)
 {
-	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	unsigned mode;
-
+	if (!diagnose_misspelt_rev)
+		die("%s: no such path in the working tree.\n"
+		    "Use 'git <command> -- <path>...' to specify paths that do not exist locally.",
+		    arg);
 	/*
 	 * Saying "'(icase)foo' does not exist in the index" when the
 	 * user gave us ":(icase)foo" is just stupid.  A magic pathspec
 	 * begins with a colon and is followed by a non-alnum; do not
-	 * let get_sha1_with_mode_1(only_to_die=1) to even trigger.
+	 * let maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name() even trigger.
 	 */
 	if (!(arg[0] == ':' && !isalnum(arg[1])))
-		/* try a detailed diagnostic ... */
-		get_sha1_with_mode_1(arg, sha1, &mode, 1, prefix);
+		maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(arg, prefix);
 
 	/* ... or fall back the most general message. */
 	die("ambiguous argument '%s': unknown revision or path not in the working tree.\n"
-	    "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions", arg);
+	    "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
+	    "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'", arg);
 
 }
 
@@ -80,14 +181,29 @@ static void NORETURN die_verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
  * as true, because even if such a filename were to exist, we want
  * it to be preceded by the "--" marker (or we want the user to
  * use a format like "./-filename")
+ *
+ * The "diagnose_misspelt_rev" is used to provide a user-friendly
+ * diagnosis when dying upon finding that "name" is not a pathname.
+ * If set to 1, the diagnosis will try to diagnose "name" as an
+ * invalid object name (e.g. HEAD:foo). If set to 0, the diagnosis
+ * will only complain about an inexisting file.
+ *
+ * This function is typically called to check that a "file or rev"
+ * argument is unambiguous. In this case, the caller will want
+ * diagnose_misspelt_rev == 1 when verifying the first non-rev
+ * argument (which could have been a revision), and
+ * diagnose_misspelt_rev == 0 for the next ones (because we already
+ * saw a filename, there's not ambiguity anymore).
  */
-void verify_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
+void verify_filename(const char *prefix,
+		     const char *arg,
+		     int diagnose_misspelt_rev)
 {
 	if (*arg == '-')
 		die("bad flag '%s' used after filename", arg);
 	if (check_filename(prefix, arg))
 		return;
-	die_verify_filename(prefix, arg);
+	die_verify_filename(prefix, arg, diagnose_misspelt_rev);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -104,137 +220,10 @@ void verify_non_filename(const char *prefix, const char *arg)
 	if (!check_filename(prefix, arg))
 		return;
 	die("ambiguous argument '%s': both revision and filename\n"
-	    "Use '--' to separate filenames from revisions", arg);
+	    "Use '--' to separate paths from revisions, like this:\n"
+	    "'git <command> [<revision>...] -- [<file>...]'", arg);
 }
 
-/*
- * Magic pathspec
- *
- * NEEDSWORK: These need to be moved to dir.h or even to a new
- * pathspec.h when we restructure get_pathspec() users to use the
- * "struct pathspec" interface.
- *
- * Possible future magic semantics include stuff like:
- *
- *	{ PATHSPEC_NOGLOB, '!', "noglob" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_ICASE, '\0', "icase" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_RECURSIVE, '*', "recursive" },
- *	{ PATHSPEC_REGEXP, '\0', "regexp" },
- *
- */
-#define PATHSPEC_FROMTOP    (1<<0)
-
-static struct pathspec_magic {
-	unsigned bit;
-	char mnemonic; /* this cannot be ':'! */
-	const char *name;
-} pathspec_magic[] = {
-	{ PATHSPEC_FROMTOP, '/', "top" },
-};
-
-/*
- * Take an element of a pathspec and check for magic signatures.
- * Append the result to the prefix.
- *
- * For now, we only parse the syntax and throw out anything other than
- * "top" magic.
- *
- * NEEDSWORK: This needs to be rewritten when we start migrating
- * get_pathspec() users to use the "struct pathspec" interface.  For
- * example, a pathspec element may be marked as case-insensitive, but
- * the prefix part must always match literally, and a single stupid
- * string cannot express such a case.
- */
-static const char *prefix_pathspec(const char *prefix, int prefixlen, const char *elt)
-{
-	unsigned magic = 0;
-	const char *copyfrom = elt;
-	int i;
-
-	if (elt[0] != ':') {
-		; /* nothing to do */
-	} else if (elt[1] == '(') {
-		/* longhand */
-		const char *nextat;
-		for (copyfrom = elt + 2;
-		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ')';
-		     copyfrom = nextat) {
-			size_t len = strcspn(copyfrom, ",)");
-			if (copyfrom[len] == ')')
-				nextat = copyfrom + len;
-			else
-				nextat = copyfrom + len + 1;
-			if (!len)
-				continue;
-			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
-				if (strlen(pathspec_magic[i].name) == len &&
-				    !strncmp(pathspec_magic[i].name, copyfrom, len)) {
-					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
-					break;
-				}
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
-				die("Invalid pathspec magic '%.*s' in '%s'",
-				    (int) len, copyfrom, elt);
-		}
-		if (*copyfrom == ')')
-			copyfrom++;
-	} else {
-		/* shorthand */
-		for (copyfrom = elt + 1;
-		     *copyfrom && *copyfrom != ':';
-		     copyfrom++) {
-			char ch = *copyfrom;
-
-			if (!is_pathspec_magic(ch))
-				break;
-			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic); i++)
-				if (pathspec_magic[i].mnemonic == ch) {
-					magic |= pathspec_magic[i].bit;
-					break;
-				}
-			if (ARRAY_SIZE(pathspec_magic) <= i)
-				die("Unimplemented pathspec magic '%c' in '%s'",
-				    ch, elt);
-		}
-		if (*copyfrom == ':')
-			copyfrom++;
-	}
-
-	if (magic & PATHSPEC_FROMTOP)
-		return xstrdup(copyfrom);
-	else
-		return prefix_path(prefix, prefixlen, copyfrom);
-}
-
-const char **get_pathspec(const char *prefix, const char **pathspec)
-{
-	const char *entry = *pathspec;
-	const char **src, **dst;
-	int prefixlen;
-
-	if (!prefix && !entry)
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (!entry) {
-		static const char *spec[2];
-		spec[0] = prefix;
-		spec[1] = NULL;
-		return spec;
-	}
-
-	/* Otherwise we have to re-write the entries.. */
-	src = pathspec;
-	dst = pathspec;
-	prefixlen = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
-	while (*src) {
-		*(dst++) = prefix_pathspec(prefix, prefixlen, *src);
-		src++;
-	}
-	*dst = NULL;
-	if (!*pathspec)
-		return NULL;
-	return pathspec;
-}
 
 /*
  * Test if it looks like we're at a git directory.
@@ -311,7 +300,7 @@ void setup_work_tree(void)
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT))
 		setenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, ".", 1);
 
-	set_git_dir(relative_path(git_dir, work_tree));
+	set_git_dir(remove_leading_path(git_dir, work_tree));
 	initialized = 1;
 }
 
@@ -369,7 +358,7 @@ const char *read_gitfile(const char *path)
 	if (len != st.st_size)
 		die("Error reading %s", path);
 	buf[len] = '\0';
-	if (prefixcmp(buf, "gitdir: "))
+	if (!starts_with(buf, "gitdir: "))
 		die("Invalid gitfile format: %s", path);
 	while (buf[len - 1] == '\n' || buf[len - 1] == '\r')
 		len--;
@@ -398,7 +387,7 @@ const char *read_gitfile(const char *path)
 }
 
 static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
-					  char *cwd, int len,
+					  struct strbuf *cwd,
 					  int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	const char *work_tree_env = getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT);
@@ -445,18 +434,24 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
 		if (is_absolute_path(git_work_tree_cfg))
 			set_git_work_tree(git_work_tree_cfg);
 		else {
-			char core_worktree[PATH_MAX];
+			char *core_worktree;
 			if (chdir(gitdirenv))
 				die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", gitdirenv);
 			if (chdir(git_work_tree_cfg))
 				die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", git_work_tree_cfg);
-			if (!getcwd(core_worktree, PATH_MAX))
-				die_errno("Could not get directory '%s'", git_work_tree_cfg);
-			if (chdir(cwd))
+			core_worktree = xgetcwd();
+			if (chdir(cwd->buf))
 				die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
 			set_git_work_tree(core_worktree);
+			free(core_worktree);
 		}
 	}
+	else if (!git_env_bool(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, 1)) {
+		/* #16d */
+		set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
+		free(gitfile);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	else /* #2, #10 */
 		set_git_work_tree(".");
 
@@ -464,21 +459,20 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
 	worktree = get_git_work_tree();
 
 	/* both get_git_work_tree() and cwd are already normalized */
-	if (!strcmp(cwd, worktree)) { /* cwd == worktree */
+	if (!strcmp(cwd->buf, worktree)) { /* cwd == worktree */
 		set_git_dir(gitdirenv);
 		free(gitfile);
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	offset = dir_inside_of(cwd, worktree);
+	offset = dir_inside_of(cwd->buf, worktree);
 	if (offset >= 0) {	/* cwd inside worktree? */
 		set_git_dir(real_path(gitdirenv));
 		if (chdir(worktree))
 			die_errno("Could not chdir to '%s'", worktree);
-		cwd[len++] = '/';
-		cwd[len] = '\0';
+		strbuf_addch(cwd, '/');
 		free(gitfile);
-		return cwd + offset;
+		return cwd->buf + offset;
 	}
 
 	/* cwd outside worktree */
@@ -488,7 +482,7 @@ static const char *setup_explicit_git_dir(const char *gitdirenv,
 }
 
 static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
-					    char *cwd, int offset, int len,
+					    struct strbuf *cwd, int offset,
 					    int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	if (check_repository_format_gently(gitdir, nongit_ok))
@@ -496,17 +490,17 @@ static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
 
 	/* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
-		if (offset != len && !is_absolute_path(gitdir))
+		if (offset != cwd->len && !is_absolute_path(gitdir))
 			gitdir = xstrdup(real_path(gitdir));
-		if (chdir(cwd))
+		if (chdir(cwd->buf))
 			die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
-		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, len, nongit_ok);
+		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, nongit_ok);
 	}
 
 	/* #16.2, #17.2, #20.2, #21.2, #24, #25, #28, #29 (see t1510) */
 	if (is_bare_repository_cfg > 0) {
-		set_git_dir(offset == len ? gitdir : real_path(gitdir));
-		if (chdir(cwd))
+		set_git_dir(offset == cwd->len ? gitdir : real_path(gitdir));
+		if (chdir(cwd->buf))
 			die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
 		return NULL;
 	}
@@ -517,42 +511,44 @@ static const char *setup_discovered_git_dir(const char *gitdir,
 		set_git_dir(gitdir);
 	inside_git_dir = 0;
 	inside_work_tree = 1;
-	if (offset == len)
+	if (offset == cwd->len)
 		return NULL;
 
 	/* Make "offset" point to past the '/', and add a '/' at the end */
 	offset++;
-	cwd[len++] = '/';
-	cwd[len] = 0;
-	return cwd + offset;
+	strbuf_addch(cwd, '/');
+	return cwd->buf + offset;
 }
 
 /* #16.1, #17.1, #20.1, #21.1, #22.1 (see t1510) */
-static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(char *cwd, int offset, int len, int *nongit_ok)
+static const char *setup_bare_git_dir(struct strbuf *cwd, int offset,
+				      int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	int root_len;
 
 	if (check_repository_format_gently(".", nongit_ok))
 		return NULL;
 
+	setenv(GIT_IMPLICIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT, "0", 1);
+
 	/* --work-tree is set without --git-dir; use discovered one */
 	if (getenv(GIT_WORK_TREE_ENVIRONMENT) || git_work_tree_cfg) {
 		const char *gitdir;
 
-		gitdir = offset == len ? "." : xmemdupz(cwd, offset);
-		if (chdir(cwd))
+		gitdir = offset == cwd->len ? "." : xmemdupz(cwd->buf, offset);
+		if (chdir(cwd->buf))
 			die_errno("Could not come back to cwd");
-		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, len, nongit_ok);
+		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdir, cwd, nongit_ok);
 	}
 
 	inside_git_dir = 1;
 	inside_work_tree = 0;
-	if (offset != len) {
-		if (chdir(cwd))
+	if (offset != cwd->len) {
+		if (chdir(cwd->buf))
 			die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
-		root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd);
-		cwd[offset > root_len ? offset : root_len] = '\0';
-		set_git_dir(cwd);
+		root_len = offset_1st_component(cwd->buf);
+		strbuf_setlen(cwd, offset > root_len ? offset : root_len);
+		set_git_dir(cwd->buf);
 	}
 	else
 		set_git_dir(".");
@@ -569,31 +565,74 @@ static const char *setup_nongit(const char *cwd, int *nongit_ok)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static dev_t get_device_or_die(const char *path, const char *prefix)
+static dev_t get_device_or_die(const char *path, const char *prefix, int prefix_len)
 {
 	struct stat buf;
-	if (stat(path, &buf))
-		die_errno("failed to stat '%s%s%s'",
+	if (stat(path, &buf)) {
+		die_errno("failed to stat '%*s%s%s'",
+				prefix_len,
 				prefix ? prefix : "",
 				prefix ? "/" : "", path);
+	}
 	return buf.st_dev;
 }
 
 /*
+ * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that canonicalizes an entry
+ * from GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES using real_path_if_valid(), or
+ * discards it if unusable.  The presence of an empty entry in
+ * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES turns off canonicalization for all
+ * subsequent entries.
+ */
+static int canonicalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item,
+				      void *cb_data)
+{
+	int *empty_entry_found = cb_data;
+	char *ceil = item->string;
+
+	if (!*ceil) {
+		*empty_entry_found = 1;
+		return 0;
+	} else if (!is_absolute_path(ceil)) {
+		return 0;
+	} else if (*empty_entry_found) {
+		/* Keep entry but do not canonicalize it */
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		const char *real_path = real_path_if_valid(ceil);
+		if (!real_path)
+			return 0;
+		free(item->string);
+		item->string = xstrdup(real_path);
+		return 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * We cannot decide in this function whether we are in the work tree or
  * not, since the config can only be read _after_ this function was called.
  */
 static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 {
 	const char *env_ceiling_dirs = getenv(CEILING_DIRECTORIES_ENVIRONMENT);
-	static char cwd[PATH_MAX+1];
+	struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	static struct strbuf cwd = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *gitdirenv, *ret;
 	char *gitfile;
-	int len, offset, ceil_offset;
+	int offset, offset_parent, ceil_offset = -1;
 	dev_t current_device = 0;
 	int one_filesystem = 1;
 
 	/*
+	 * We may have read an incomplete configuration before
+	 * setting-up the git directory. If so, clear the cache so
+	 * that the next queries to the configuration reload complete
+	 * configuration (including the per-repo config file that we
+	 * ignored previously).
+	 */
+	git_config_clear();
+
+	/*
 	 * Let's assume that we are in a git repository.
 	 * If it turns out later that we are somewhere else, the value will be
 	 * updated accordingly.
@@ -601,9 +640,9 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 	if (nongit_ok)
 		*nongit_ok = 0;
 
-	if (!getcwd(cwd, sizeof(cwd)-1))
+	if (strbuf_getcwd(&cwd))
 		die_errno("Unable to read current working directory");
-	offset = len = strlen(cwd);
+	offset = cwd.len;
 
 	/*
 	 * If GIT_DIR is set explicitly, we're not going
@@ -612,10 +651,19 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 	 */
 	gitdirenv = getenv(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 	if (gitdirenv)
-		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, cwd, len, nongit_ok);
+		return setup_explicit_git_dir(gitdirenv, &cwd, nongit_ok);
 
-	ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd, env_ceiling_dirs);
-	if (ceil_offset < 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(cwd))
+	if (env_ceiling_dirs) {
+		int empty_entry_found = 0;
+
+		string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, env_ceiling_dirs, PATH_SEP, -1);
+		filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
+				   canonicalize_ceiling_entry, &empty_entry_found);
+		ceil_offset = longest_ancestor_length(cwd.buf, &ceiling_dirs);
+		string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
+	}
+
+	if (ceil_offset < 0 && has_dos_drive_prefix(cwd.buf))
 		ceil_offset = 1;
 
 	/*
@@ -631,7 +679,7 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 	 */
 	one_filesystem = !git_env_bool("GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM", 0);
 	if (one_filesystem)
-		current_device = get_device_or_die(".", NULL);
+		current_device = get_device_or_die(".", NULL, 0);
 	for (;;) {
 		gitfile = (char*)read_gitfile(DEFAULT_GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT);
 		if (gitfile)
@@ -643,7 +691,7 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 
 		if (gitdirenv) {
 			ret = setup_discovered_git_dir(gitdirenv,
-						       cwd, offset, len,
+						       &cwd, offset,
 						       nongit_ok);
 			free(gitfile);
 			return ret;
@@ -651,29 +699,33 @@ static const char *setup_git_directory_gently_1(int *nongit_ok)
 		free(gitfile);
 
 		if (is_git_directory("."))
-			return setup_bare_git_dir(cwd, offset, len, nongit_ok);
+			return setup_bare_git_dir(&cwd, offset, nongit_ok);
 
-		while (--offset > ceil_offset && cwd[offset] != '/');
-		if (offset <= ceil_offset)
-			return setup_nongit(cwd, nongit_ok);
+		offset_parent = offset;
+		while (--offset_parent > ceil_offset && cwd.buf[offset_parent] != '/');
+		if (offset_parent <= ceil_offset)
+			return setup_nongit(cwd.buf, nongit_ok);
 		if (one_filesystem) {
-			dev_t parent_device = get_device_or_die("..", cwd);
+			dev_t parent_device = get_device_or_die("..", cwd.buf,
+								offset);
 			if (parent_device != current_device) {
 				if (nongit_ok) {
-					if (chdir(cwd))
+					if (chdir(cwd.buf))
 						die_errno("Cannot come back to cwd");
 					*nongit_ok = 1;
 					return NULL;
 				}
-				cwd[offset] = '\0';
-				die("Not a git repository (or any parent up to mount parent %s)\n"
-				"Stopping at filesystem boundary (GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM not set).", cwd);
+				strbuf_setlen(&cwd, offset);
+				die("Not a git repository (or any parent up to mount point %s)\n"
+				"Stopping at filesystem boundary (GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM not set).",
+				    cwd.buf);
 			}
 		}
 		if (chdir("..")) {
-			cwd[offset] = '\0';
-			die_errno("Cannot change to '%s/..'", cwd);
+			strbuf_setlen(&cwd, offset);
+			die_errno("Cannot change to '%s/..'", cwd.buf);
 		}
+		offset = offset_parent;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -683,9 +735,9 @@ const char *setup_git_directory_gently(int *nongit_ok)
 
 	prefix = setup_git_directory_gently_1(nongit_ok);
 	if (prefix)
-		setenv("GIT_PREFIX", prefix, 1);
+		setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, prefix, 1);
 	else
-		setenv("GIT_PREFIX", "", 1);
+		setenv(GIT_PREFIX_ENVIRONMENT, "", 1);
 
 	if (startup_info) {
 		startup_info->have_repository = !nongit_ok || !*nongit_ok;
@@ -787,3 +839,39 @@ const char *resolve_gitdir(const char *suspect)
 		return suspect;
 	return read_gitfile(suspect);
 }
+
+/* if any standard file descriptor is missing open it to /dev/null */
+void sanitize_stdfds(void)
+{
+	int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 0);
+	while (fd != -1 && fd < 2)
+		fd = dup(fd);
+	if (fd == -1)
+		die_errno("open /dev/null or dup failed");
+	if (fd > 2)
+		close(fd);
+}
+
+int daemonize(void)
+{
+#ifdef NO_POSIX_GOODIES
+	errno = ENOSYS;
+	return -1;
+#else
+	switch (fork()) {
+		case 0:
+			break;
+		case -1:
+			die_errno("fork failed");
+		default:
+			exit(0);
+	}
+	if (setsid() == -1)
+		die_errno("setsid failed");
+	close(0);
+	close(1);
+	close(2);
+	sanitize_stdfds();
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/sh-i18n--envsubst.c b/sh-i18n--envsubst.c
index 5ddd6886c8..2842a22d7f 100644
--- a/sh-i18n--envsubst.c
+++ b/sh-i18n--envsubst.c
@@ -208,11 +208,8 @@ string_list_append (string_list_ty *slp, const char *s)
   /* Grow the list.  */
   if (slp->nitems >= slp->nitems_max)
     {
-      size_t nbytes;
-
       slp->nitems_max = slp->nitems_max * 2 + 4;
-      nbytes = slp->nitems_max * sizeof (slp->item[0]);
-      slp->item = (const char **) xrealloc (slp->item, nbytes);
+      REALLOC_ARRAY(slp->item, slp->nitems_max);
     }
 
   /* Add the string to the end of the list.  */
@@ -237,18 +234,6 @@ string_list_sort (string_list_ty *slp)
     qsort (slp->item, slp->nitems, sizeof (slp->item[0]), cmp_string);
 }
 
-/* Test whether a string list contains a given string.  */
-static inline int
-string_list_member (const string_list_ty *slp, const char *s)
-{
-  size_t j;
-
-  for (j = 0; j < slp->nitems; ++j)
-    if (strcmp (slp->item[j], s) == 0)
-      return 1;
-  return 0;
-}
-
 /* Test whether a sorted string list contains a given string.  */
 static int
 sorted_string_list_member (const string_list_ty *slp, const char *s)
@@ -290,9 +275,7 @@ static string_list_ty variables_set;
 static void
 note_variable (const char *var_ptr, size_t var_len)
 {
-  char *string = xmalloc (var_len + 1);
-  memcpy (string, var_ptr, var_len);
-  string[var_len] = '\0';
+  char *string = xmemdupz (var_ptr, var_len);
 
   string_list_append (&variables_set, string);
 }
diff --git a/sha1-array.c b/sha1-array.c
index b2f47f98fb..6f4a2246c9 100644
--- a/sha1-array.c
+++ b/sha1-array.c
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ static int void_hashcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
 	return hashcmp(a, b);
 }
 
-void sha1_array_sort(struct sha1_array *array)
+static void sha1_array_sort(struct sha1_array *array)
 {
 	qsort(array->sha1, array->nr, sizeof(*array->sha1), void_hashcmp);
 	array->sorted = 1;
diff --git a/sha1-array.h b/sha1-array.h
index 4499b5dad4..72bb33bec6 100644
--- a/sha1-array.h
+++ b/sha1-array.h
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ struct sha1_array {
 #define SHA1_ARRAY_INIT { NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
 
 void sha1_array_append(struct sha1_array *array, const unsigned char *sha1);
-void sha1_array_sort(struct sha1_array *array);
 int sha1_array_lookup(struct sha1_array *array, const unsigned char *sha1);
 void sha1_array_clear(struct sha1_array *array);
 
diff --git a/sha1-lookup.c b/sha1-lookup.c
index c4dc55d1f5..5f069214d9 100644
--- a/sha1-lookup.c
+++ b/sha1-lookup.c
@@ -84,8 +84,6 @@ int sha1_pos(const unsigned char *sha1, void *table, size_t nr,
 				die("BUG: assertion failed in binary search");
 			}
 		}
-		if (18 <= ofs)
-			die("cannot happen -- lo and hi are identical");
 	}
 
 	do {
@@ -204,7 +202,54 @@ int sha1_entry_pos(const void *table,
 			 * byte 0 thru (ofs-1) are the same between
 			 * lo and hi; ofs is the first byte that is
 			 * different.
+			 *
+			 * If ofs==20, then no bytes are different,
+			 * meaning we have entries with duplicate
+			 * keys. We know that we are in a solid run
+			 * of this entry (because the entries are
+			 * sorted, and our lo and hi are the same,
+			 * there can be nothing but this single key
+			 * in between). So we can stop the search.
+			 * Either one of these entries is it (and
+			 * we do not care which), or we do not have
+			 * it.
+			 *
+			 * Furthermore, we know that one of our
+			 * endpoints must be the edge of the run of
+			 * duplicates. For example, given this
+			 * sequence:
+			 *
+			 *     idx 0 1 2 3 4 5
+			 *     key A C C C C D
+			 *
+			 * If we are searching for "B", we might
+			 * hit the duplicate run at lo=1, hi=3
+			 * (e.g., by first mi=3, then mi=0). But we
+			 * can never have lo > 1, because B < C.
+			 * That is, if our key is less than the
+			 * run, we know that "lo" is the edge, but
+			 * we can say nothing of "hi". Similarly,
+			 * if our key is greater than the run, we
+			 * know that "hi" is the edge, but we can
+			 * say nothing of "lo".
+			 *
+			 * Therefore if we do not find it, we also
+			 * know where it would go if it did exist:
+			 * just on the far side of the edge that we
+			 * know about.
 			 */
+			if (ofs == 20) {
+				mi = lo;
+				mi_key = base + elem_size * mi + key_offset;
+				cmp = memcmp(mi_key, key, 20);
+				if (!cmp)
+					return mi;
+				if (cmp < 0)
+					return -1 - hi;
+				else
+					return -1 - lo;
+			}
+
 			hiv = hi_key[ofs_0];
 			if (ofs_0 < 19)
 				hiv = (hiv << 8) | hi_key[ofs_0+1];
diff --git a/sha1_file.c b/sha1_file.c
index 4f06a0e450..88f06bac92 100644
--- a/sha1_file.c
+++ b/sha1_file.c
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
  * creation etc.
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "delta.h"
 #include "pack.h"
 #include "blob.h"
@@ -19,6 +21,8 @@
 #include "pack-revindex.h"
 #include "sha1-lookup.h"
 #include "bulk-checkin.h"
+#include "streaming.h"
+#include "dir.h"
 
 #ifndef O_NOATIME
 #if defined(__linux__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__PPC__))
@@ -54,6 +58,12 @@ static struct cached_object empty_tree = {
 	0
 };
 
+/*
+ * A pointer to the last packed_git in which an object was found.
+ * When an object is sought, we look in this packfile first, because
+ * objects that are looked up at similar times are often in the same
+ * packfile as one another.
+ */
 static struct packed_git *last_found_pack;
 
 static struct cached_object *find_cached_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
@@ -99,45 +109,63 @@ int mkdir_in_gitdir(const char *path)
 	return adjust_shared_perm(path);
 }
 
-int safe_create_leading_directories(char *path)
+enum scld_error safe_create_leading_directories(char *path)
 {
-	char *pos = path + offset_1st_component(path);
-	struct stat st;
+	char *next_component = path + offset_1st_component(path);
+	enum scld_error ret = SCLD_OK;
+
+	while (ret == SCLD_OK && next_component) {
+		struct stat st;
+		char *slash = next_component, slash_character;
+
+		while (*slash && !is_dir_sep(*slash))
+			slash++;
 
-	while (pos) {
-		pos = strchr(pos, '/');
-		if (!pos)
+		if (!*slash)
 			break;
-		while (*++pos == '/')
-			;
-		if (!*pos)
+
+		next_component = slash + 1;
+		while (is_dir_sep(*next_component))
+			next_component++;
+		if (!*next_component)
 			break;
-		*--pos = '\0';
+
+		slash_character = *slash;
+		*slash = '\0';
 		if (!stat(path, &st)) {
 			/* path exists */
-			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-				*pos = '/';
-				return -3;
-			}
-		}
-		else if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
-			*pos = '/';
-			return -1;
-		}
-		else if (adjust_shared_perm(path)) {
-			*pos = '/';
-			return -2;
+			if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+				ret = SCLD_EXISTS;
+		} else if (mkdir(path, 0777)) {
+			if (errno == EEXIST &&
+			    !stat(path, &st) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+				; /* somebody created it since we checked */
+			else if (errno == ENOENT)
+				/*
+				 * Either mkdir() failed because
+				 * somebody just pruned the containing
+				 * directory, or stat() failed because
+				 * the file that was in our way was
+				 * just removed.  Either way, inform
+				 * the caller that it might be worth
+				 * trying again:
+				 */
+				ret = SCLD_VANISHED;
+			else
+				ret = SCLD_FAILED;
+		} else if (adjust_shared_perm(path)) {
+			ret = SCLD_PERMS;
 		}
-		*pos++ = '/';
+		*slash = slash_character;
 	}
-	return 0;
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path)
+enum scld_error safe_create_leading_directories_const(const char *path)
 {
 	/* path points to cache entries, so xstrdup before messing with it */
 	char *buf = xstrdup(path);
-	int result = safe_create_leading_directories(buf);
+	enum scld_error result = safe_create_leading_directories(buf);
 	free(buf);
 	return result;
 }
@@ -154,17 +182,7 @@ static void fill_sha1_path(char *pathbuf, const unsigned char *sha1)
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * NOTE! This returns a statically allocated buffer, so you have to be
- * careful about using it. Do an "xstrdup()" if you need to save the
- * filename.
- *
- * Also note that this returns the location for creating.  Reading
- * SHA1 file can happen from any alternate directory listed in the
- * DB_ENVIRONMENT environment variable if it is not found in
- * the primary object database.
- */
-char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
+const char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	static char buf[PATH_MAX];
 	const char *objdir;
@@ -184,6 +202,11 @@ char *sha1_file_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return buf;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Return the name of the pack or index file with the specified sha1
+ * in its filename.  *base and *name are scratch space that must be
+ * provided by the caller.  which should be "pack" or "idx".
+ */
 static char *sha1_get_pack_name(const unsigned char *sha1,
 				char **name, char **base, const char *which)
 {
@@ -228,9 +251,6 @@ char *sha1_pack_index_name(const unsigned char *sha1)
 struct alternate_object_database *alt_odb_list;
 static struct alternate_object_database **alt_odb_tail;
 
-static void read_info_alternates(const char * alternates, int depth);
-static int git_open_noatime(const char *name);
-
 /*
  * Prepare alternate object database registry.
  *
@@ -246,9 +266,9 @@ static int git_open_noatime(const char *name);
  * SHA1, an extra slash for the first level indirection, and the
  * terminating NUL.
  */
-static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative_base, int depth)
+static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char *entry, const char *relative_base,
+	int depth, const char *normalized_objdir)
 {
-	const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
 	struct alternate_object_database *ent;
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
 	int pfxlen, entlen;
@@ -258,7 +278,7 @@ static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative
 		strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, real_path(relative_base));
 		strbuf_addch(&pathbuf, '/');
 	}
-	strbuf_add(&pathbuf, entry, len);
+	strbuf_addstr(&pathbuf, entry);
 
 	normalize_path_copy(pathbuf.buf, pathbuf.buf);
 
@@ -293,12 +313,13 @@ static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative
 	 * thing twice, or object directory itself.
 	 */
 	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
-		if (!memcmp(ent->base, alt->base, pfxlen)) {
+		if (pfxlen == alt->name - alt->base - 1 &&
+		    !memcmp(ent->base, alt->base, pfxlen)) {
 			free(ent);
 			return -1;
 		}
 	}
-	if (!memcmp(ent->base, objdir, pfxlen)) {
+	if (!strcmp_icase(ent->base, normalized_objdir)) {
 		free(ent);
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -316,10 +337,13 @@ static int link_alt_odb_entry(const char * entry, int len, const char * relative
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, const char *ep, int sep,
+static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, int len, int sep,
 				 const char *relative_base, int depth)
 {
-	const char *cp, *last;
+	struct string_list entries = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	char *alt_copy;
+	int i;
+	struct strbuf objdirbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	if (depth > 5) {
 		error("%s: ignoring alternate object stores, nesting too deep.",
@@ -327,33 +351,28 @@ static void link_alt_odb_entries(const char *alt, const char *ep, int sep,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	last = alt;
-	while (last < ep) {
-		cp = last;
-		if (cp < ep && *cp == '#') {
-			while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
-				cp++;
-			last = cp + 1;
+	strbuf_add_absolute_path(&objdirbuf, get_object_directory());
+	normalize_path_copy(objdirbuf.buf, objdirbuf.buf);
+
+	alt_copy = xmemdupz(alt, len);
+	string_list_split_in_place(&entries, alt_copy, sep, -1);
+	for (i = 0; i < entries.nr; i++) {
+		const char *entry = entries.items[i].string;
+		if (entry[0] == '\0' || entry[0] == '#')
 			continue;
+		if (!is_absolute_path(entry) && depth) {
+			error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
+					relative_base, entry);
+		} else {
+			link_alt_odb_entry(entry, relative_base, depth, objdirbuf.buf);
 		}
-		while (cp < ep && *cp != sep)
-			cp++;
-		if (last != cp) {
-			if (!is_absolute_path(last) && depth) {
-				error("%s: ignoring relative alternate object store %s",
-						relative_base, last);
-			} else {
-				link_alt_odb_entry(last, cp - last,
-						relative_base, depth);
-			}
-		}
-		while (cp < ep && *cp == sep)
-			cp++;
-		last = cp;
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&entries, 0);
+	free(alt_copy);
+	strbuf_release(&objdirbuf);
 }
 
-static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
+void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
 {
 	char *map;
 	size_t mapsz;
@@ -377,7 +396,7 @@ static void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth)
 	map = xmmap(NULL, mapsz, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
 	close(fd);
 
-	link_alt_odb_entries(map, map + mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
+	link_alt_odb_entries(map, mapsz, '\n', relative_base, depth);
 
 	munmap(map, mapsz);
 }
@@ -391,17 +410,21 @@ void add_to_alternates_file(const char *reference)
 	if (commit_lock_file(lock))
 		die("could not close alternates file");
 	if (alt_odb_tail)
-		link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), '\n', NULL, 0);
+		link_alt_odb_entries(alt, strlen(alt), '\n', NULL, 0);
 }
 
-void foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn fn, void *cb)
+int foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn fn, void *cb)
 {
 	struct alternate_object_database *ent;
+	int r = 0;
 
 	prepare_alt_odb();
-	for (ent = alt_odb_list; ent; ent = ent->next)
-		if (fn(ent, cb))
-			return;
+	for (ent = alt_odb_list; ent; ent = ent->next) {
+		r = fn(ent, cb);
+		if (r)
+			break;
+	}
+	return r;
 }
 
 void prepare_alt_odb(void)
@@ -415,33 +438,58 @@ void prepare_alt_odb(void)
 	if (!alt) alt = "";
 
 	alt_odb_tail = &alt_odb_list;
-	link_alt_odb_entries(alt, alt + strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
+	link_alt_odb_entries(alt, strlen(alt), PATH_SEP, NULL, 0);
 
 	read_info_alternates(get_object_directory(), 0);
 }
 
-static int has_loose_object_local(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int freshen_file(const char *fn)
 {
-	char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
-	return !access(name, F_OK);
+	struct utimbuf t;
+	t.actime = t.modtime = time(NULL);
+	return !utime(fn, &t);
 }
 
-int has_loose_object_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1)
+static int check_and_freshen_file(const char *fn, int freshen)
+{
+	if (access(fn, F_OK))
+		return 0;
+	if (freshen && freshen_file(fn))
+		return 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int check_and_freshen_local(const unsigned char *sha1, int freshen)
+{
+	return check_and_freshen_file(sha1_file_name(sha1), freshen);
+}
+
+static int check_and_freshen_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1, int freshen)
 {
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
 	prepare_alt_odb();
 	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
 		fill_sha1_path(alt->name, sha1);
-		if (!access(alt->base, F_OK))
+		if (check_and_freshen_file(alt->base, freshen))
 			return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int check_and_freshen(const unsigned char *sha1, int freshen)
+{
+	return check_and_freshen_local(sha1, freshen) ||
+	       check_and_freshen_nonlocal(sha1, freshen);
+}
+
+int has_loose_object_nonlocal(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return check_and_freshen_nonlocal(sha1, 0);
+}
+
 static int has_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	return has_loose_object_local(sha1) ||
-	       has_loose_object_nonlocal(sha1);
+	return check_and_freshen(sha1, 0);
 }
 
 static unsigned int pack_used_ctr;
@@ -475,7 +523,12 @@ void pack_report(void)
 		sz_fmt(pack_mapped), sz_fmt(peak_pack_mapped));
 }
 
-static int check_packed_git_idx(const char *path,  struct packed_git *p)
+/*
+ * Open and mmap the index file at path, perform a couple of
+ * consistency checks, then record its information to p.  Return 0 on
+ * success.
+ */
+static int check_packed_git_idx(const char *path, struct packed_git *p)
 {
 	void *idx_map;
 	struct pack_idx_header *hdr;
@@ -611,7 +664,7 @@ static void scan_windows(struct packed_git *p,
 	}
 }
 
-static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
+static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
 	struct pack_window *lru_w = NULL, *lru_l = NULL;
@@ -625,15 +678,8 @@ static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
 		pack_mapped -= lru_w->len;
 		if (lru_l)
 			lru_l->next = lru_w->next;
-		else {
+		else
 			lru_p->windows = lru_w->next;
-			if (!lru_p->windows && lru_p->pack_fd != -1
-				&& lru_p->pack_fd != keep_fd) {
-				close(lru_p->pack_fd);
-				pack_open_fds--;
-				lru_p->pack_fd = -1;
-			}
-		}
 		free(lru_w);
 		pack_open_windows--;
 		return 1;
@@ -641,21 +687,37 @@ static int unuse_one_window(struct packed_git *current, int keep_fd)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-void release_pack_memory(size_t need, int fd)
+void release_pack_memory(size_t need)
 {
 	size_t cur = pack_mapped;
-	while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL, fd))
+	while (need >= (cur - pack_mapped) && unuse_one_window(NULL))
 		; /* nothing */
 }
 
+static void mmap_limit_check(size_t length)
+{
+	static size_t limit = 0;
+	if (!limit) {
+		limit = git_env_ulong("GIT_MMAP_LIMIT", 0);
+		if (!limit)
+			limit = SIZE_MAX;
+	}
+	if (length > limit)
+		die("attempting to mmap %"PRIuMAX" over limit %"PRIuMAX,
+		    (uintmax_t)length, (uintmax_t)limit);
+}
+
 void *xmmap(void *start, size_t length,
 	int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset)
 {
-	void *ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+	void *ret;
+
+	mmap_limit_check(length);
+	ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
 	if (ret == MAP_FAILED) {
 		if (!length)
 			return NULL;
-		release_pack_memory(length, fd);
+		release_pack_memory(length);
 		ret = mmap(start, length, prot, flags, fd, offset);
 		if (ret == MAP_FAILED)
 			die_errno("Out of memory? mmap failed");
@@ -679,6 +741,83 @@ void close_pack_windows(struct packed_git *p)
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * The LRU pack is the one with the oldest MRU window, preferring packs
+ * with no used windows, or the oldest mtime if it has no windows allocated.
+ */
+static void find_lru_pack(struct packed_git *p, struct packed_git **lru_p, struct pack_window **mru_w, int *accept_windows_inuse)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w, *this_mru_w;
+	int has_windows_inuse = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Reject this pack if it has windows and the previously selected
+	 * one does not.  If this pack does not have windows, reject
+	 * it if the pack file is newer than the previously selected one.
+	 */
+	if (*lru_p && !*mru_w && (p->windows || p->mtime > (*lru_p)->mtime))
+		return;
+
+	for (w = this_mru_w = p->windows; w; w = w->next) {
+		/*
+		 * Reject this pack if any of its windows are in use,
+		 * but the previously selected pack did not have any
+		 * inuse windows.  Otherwise, record that this pack
+		 * has windows in use.
+		 */
+		if (w->inuse_cnt) {
+			if (*accept_windows_inuse)
+				has_windows_inuse = 1;
+			else
+				return;
+		}
+
+		if (w->last_used > this_mru_w->last_used)
+			this_mru_w = w;
+
+		/*
+		 * Reject this pack if it has windows that have been
+		 * used more recently than the previously selected pack.
+		 * If the previously selected pack had windows inuse and
+		 * we have not encountered a window in this pack that is
+		 * inuse, skip this check since we prefer a pack with no
+		 * inuse windows to one that has inuse windows.
+		 */
+		if (*mru_w && *accept_windows_inuse == has_windows_inuse &&
+		    this_mru_w->last_used > (*mru_w)->last_used)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Select this pack.
+	 */
+	*mru_w = this_mru_w;
+	*lru_p = p;
+	*accept_windows_inuse = has_windows_inuse;
+}
+
+static int close_one_pack(void)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p, *lru_p = NULL;
+	struct pack_window *mru_w = NULL;
+	int accept_windows_inuse = 1;
+
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		if (p->pack_fd == -1)
+			continue;
+		find_lru_pack(p, &lru_p, &mru_w, &accept_windows_inuse);
+	}
+
+	if (lru_p) {
+		close(lru_p->pack_fd);
+		pack_open_fds--;
+		lru_p->pack_fd = -1;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void unuse_pack(struct pack_window **w_cursor)
 {
 	struct pack_window *w = *w_cursor;
@@ -701,7 +840,7 @@ void close_pack_index(struct packed_git *p)
  * contain the same set of objects as an existing one.  In that case
  * the resulting file might be different even if its name would be the
  * same.  It is best to close any reference to the old pack before it is
- * replaced on disk.  Of course no index pointers nor windows for given pack
+ * replaced on disk.  Of course no index pointers or windows for given pack
  * must subsist at this point.  If ever objects from this pack are requested
  * again, the new version of the pack will be reinitialized through
  * reprepare_packed_git().
@@ -731,6 +870,47 @@ void free_pack_by_name(const char *pack_name)
 	}
 }
 
+static unsigned int get_max_fd_limit(void)
+{
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE
+	{
+		struct rlimit lim;
+
+		if (!getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim))
+			return lim.rlim_cur;
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _SC_OPEN_MAX
+	{
+		long open_max = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX);
+		if (0 < open_max)
+			return open_max;
+		/*
+		 * Otherwise, we got -1 for one of the two
+		 * reasons:
+		 *
+		 * (1) sysconf() did not understand _SC_OPEN_MAX
+		 *     and signaled an error with -1; or
+		 * (2) sysconf() said there is no limit.
+		 *
+		 * We _could_ clear errno before calling sysconf() to
+		 * tell these two cases apart and return a huge number
+		 * in the latter case to let the caller cap it to a
+		 * value that is not so selfish, but letting the
+		 * fallback OPEN_MAX codepath take care of these cases
+		 * is a lot simpler.
+		 */
+	}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef OPEN_MAX
+	return OPEN_MAX;
+#else
+	return 1; /* see the caller ;-) */
+#endif
+}
+
 /*
  * Do not call this directly as this leaks p->pack_fd on error return;
  * call open_packed_git() instead.
@@ -747,13 +927,7 @@ static int open_packed_git_1(struct packed_git *p)
 		return error("packfile %s index unavailable", p->pack_name);
 
 	if (!pack_max_fds) {
-		struct rlimit lim;
-		unsigned int max_fds;
-
-		if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &lim))
-			die_errno("cannot get RLIMIT_NOFILE");
-
-		max_fds = lim.rlim_cur;
+		unsigned int max_fds = get_max_fd_limit();
 
 		/* Save 3 for stdin/stdout/stderr, 22 for work */
 		if (25 < max_fds)
@@ -762,7 +936,7 @@ static int open_packed_git_1(struct packed_git *p)
 			pack_max_fds = 1;
 	}
 
-	while (pack_max_fds <= pack_open_fds && unuse_one_window(NULL, -1))
+	while (pack_max_fds <= pack_open_fds && close_one_pack())
 		; /* nothing */
 
 	p->pack_fd = git_open_noatime(p->pack_name);
@@ -878,7 +1052,7 @@ unsigned char *use_pack(struct packed_git *p,
 			win->len = (size_t)len;
 			pack_mapped += win->len;
 			while (packed_git_limit < pack_mapped
-				&& unuse_one_window(p, p->pack_fd))
+				&& unuse_one_window(p))
 				; /* nothing */
 			win->base = xmmap(NULL, win->len,
 				PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE,
@@ -924,7 +1098,7 @@ static struct packed_git *alloc_packed_git(int extra)
 
 static void try_to_free_pack_memory(size_t size)
 {
-	release_pack_memory(size, -1);
+	release_pack_memory(size);
 }
 
 struct packed_git *add_packed_git(const char *path, int path_len, int local)
@@ -994,53 +1168,127 @@ void install_packed_git(struct packed_git *pack)
 	packed_git = pack;
 }
 
+void (*report_garbage)(const char *desc, const char *path);
+
+static void report_helper(const struct string_list *list,
+			  int seen_bits, int first, int last)
+{
+	const char *msg;
+	switch (seen_bits) {
+	case 0:
+		msg = "no corresponding .idx or .pack";
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		msg = "no corresponding .idx";
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		msg = "no corresponding .pack";
+		break;
+	default:
+		return;
+	}
+	for (; first < last; first++)
+		report_garbage(msg, list->items[first].string);
+}
+
+static void report_pack_garbage(struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i, baselen = -1, first = 0, seen_bits = 0;
+
+	if (!report_garbage)
+		return;
+
+	string_list_sort(list);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++) {
+		const char *path = list->items[i].string;
+		if (baselen != -1 &&
+		    strncmp(path, list->items[first].string, baselen)) {
+			report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, i);
+			baselen = -1;
+			seen_bits = 0;
+		}
+		if (baselen == -1) {
+			const char *dot = strrchr(path, '.');
+			if (!dot) {
+				report_garbage("garbage found", path);
+				continue;
+			}
+			baselen = dot - path + 1;
+			first = i;
+		}
+		if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "pack"))
+			seen_bits |= 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(path + baselen, "idx"))
+			seen_bits |= 2;
+	}
+	report_helper(list, seen_bits, first, list->nr);
+}
+
 static void prepare_packed_git_one(char *objdir, int local)
 {
-	/* Ensure that this buffer is large enough so that we can
-	   append "/pack/" without clobbering the stack even if
-	   strlen(objdir) were PATH_MAX.  */
-	char path[PATH_MAX + 1 + 4 + 1 + 1];
-	int len;
+	struct strbuf path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t dirnamelen;
 	DIR *dir;
 	struct dirent *de;
+	struct string_list garbage = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 
-	sprintf(path, "%s/pack", objdir);
-	len = strlen(path);
-	dir = opendir(path);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, objdir);
+	strbuf_addstr(&path, "/pack");
+	dir = opendir(path.buf);
 	if (!dir) {
 		if (errno != ENOENT)
 			error("unable to open object pack directory: %s: %s",
-			      path, strerror(errno));
+			      path.buf, strerror(errno));
+		strbuf_release(&path);
 		return;
 	}
-	path[len++] = '/';
+	strbuf_addch(&path, '/');
+	dirnamelen = path.len;
 	while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
-		int namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
 		struct packed_git *p;
+		size_t base_len;
 
-		if (!has_extension(de->d_name, ".idx"))
-			continue;
-
-		if (len + namelen + 1 > sizeof(path))
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
 			continue;
 
-		/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
-		strcpy(path + len, de->d_name);
-		for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
-			if (!memcmp(path, p->pack_name, len + namelen - 4))
-				break;
+		strbuf_setlen(&path, dirnamelen);
+		strbuf_addstr(&path, de->d_name);
+
+		base_len = path.len;
+		if (strip_suffix_mem(path.buf, &base_len, ".idx")) {
+			/* Don't reopen a pack we already have. */
+			for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+				size_t len;
+				if (strip_suffix(p->pack_name, ".pack", &len) &&
+				    len == base_len &&
+				    !memcmp(p->pack_name, path.buf, len))
+					break;
+			}
+			if (p == NULL &&
+			    /*
+			     * See if it really is a valid .idx file with
+			     * corresponding .pack file that we can map.
+			     */
+			    (p = add_packed_git(path.buf, path.len, local)) != NULL)
+				install_packed_git(p);
 		}
-		if (p)
-			continue;
-		/* See if it really is a valid .idx file with corresponding
-		 * .pack file that we can map.
-		 */
-		p = add_packed_git(path, len + namelen, local);
-		if (!p)
+
+		if (!report_garbage)
 			continue;
-		install_packed_git(p);
+
+		if (ends_with(de->d_name, ".idx") ||
+		    ends_with(de->d_name, ".pack") ||
+		    ends_with(de->d_name, ".bitmap") ||
+		    ends_with(de->d_name, ".keep"))
+			string_list_append(&garbage, path.buf);
+		else
+			report_garbage("garbage found", path.buf);
 	}
 	closedir(dir);
+	report_pack_garbage(&garbage);
+	string_list_clear(&garbage, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&path);
 }
 
 static int sort_pack(const void *a_, const void *b_)
@@ -1117,7 +1365,6 @@ void prepare_packed_git(void)
 
 void reprepare_packed_git(void)
 {
-	discard_revindex();
 	prepare_packed_git_run_once = 0;
 	prepare_packed_git();
 }
@@ -1146,14 +1393,55 @@ static const struct packed_git *has_packed_and_bad(const unsigned char *sha1)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map, unsigned long size, const char *type)
+/*
+ * With an in-core object data in "map", rehash it to make sure the
+ * object name actually matches "sha1" to detect object corruption.
+ * With "map" == NULL, try reading the object named with "sha1" using
+ * the streaming interface and rehash it to do the same.
+ */
+int check_sha1_signature(const unsigned char *sha1, void *map,
+			 unsigned long size, const char *type)
 {
 	unsigned char real_sha1[20];
-	hash_sha1_file(map, size, type, real_sha1);
+	enum object_type obj_type;
+	struct git_istream *st;
+	git_SHA_CTX c;
+	char hdr[32];
+	int hdrlen;
+
+	if (map) {
+		hash_sha1_file(map, size, type, real_sha1);
+		return hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1) ? -1 : 0;
+	}
+
+	st = open_istream(sha1, &obj_type, &size, NULL);
+	if (!st)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Generate the header */
+	hdrlen = sprintf(hdr, "%s %lu", typename(obj_type), size) + 1;
+
+	/* Sha1.. */
+	git_SHA1_Init(&c);
+	git_SHA1_Update(&c, hdr, hdrlen);
+	for (;;) {
+		char buf[1024 * 16];
+		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+		if (readlen < 0) {
+			close_istream(st);
+			return -1;
+		}
+		if (!readlen)
+			break;
+		git_SHA1_Update(&c, buf, readlen);
+	}
+	git_SHA1_Final(real_sha1, &c);
+	close_istream(st);
 	return hashcmp(sha1, real_sha1) ? -1 : 0;
 }
 
-static int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
+int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
 {
 	static int sha1_file_open_flag = O_NOATIME;
 
@@ -1172,25 +1460,45 @@ static int git_open_noatime(const char *name)
 	}
 }
 
+static int stat_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, struct stat *st)
+{
+	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+
+	if (!lstat(sha1_file_name(sha1), st))
+		return 0;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+	errno = ENOENT;
+	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
+		fill_sha1_path(alt->name, sha1);
+		if (!lstat(alt->base, st))
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
 static int open_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	int fd;
-	char *name = sha1_file_name(sha1);
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
+	int most_interesting_errno;
 
-	fd = git_open_noatime(name);
+	fd = git_open_noatime(sha1_file_name(sha1));
 	if (fd >= 0)
 		return fd;
+	most_interesting_errno = errno;
 
 	prepare_alt_odb();
-	errno = ENOENT;
 	for (alt = alt_odb_list; alt; alt = alt->next) {
-		name = alt->name;
-		fill_sha1_path(name, sha1);
+		fill_sha1_path(alt->name, sha1);
 		fd = git_open_noatime(alt->base);
 		if (fd >= 0)
 			return fd;
+		if (most_interesting_errno == ENOENT)
+			most_interesting_errno = errno;
 	}
+	errno = most_interesting_errno;
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -1218,51 +1526,6 @@ void *map_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size)
 	return map;
 }
 
-/*
- * There used to be a second loose object header format which
- * was meant to mimic the in-pack format, allowing for direct
- * copy of the object data.  This format turned up not to be
- * really worth it and we no longer write loose objects in that
- * format.
- */
-static int experimental_loose_object(unsigned char *map)
-{
-	unsigned int word;
-
-	/*
-	 * We must determine if the buffer contains the standard
-	 * zlib-deflated stream or the experimental format based
-	 * on the in-pack object format. Compare the header byte
-	 * for each format:
-	 *
-	 * RFC1950 zlib w/ deflate : 0www1000 : 0 <= www <= 7
-	 * Experimental pack-based : Stttssss : ttt = 1,2,3,4
-	 *
-	 * If bit 7 is clear and bits 0-3 equal 8, the buffer MUST be
-	 * in standard loose-object format, UNLESS it is a Git-pack
-	 * format object *exactly* 8 bytes in size when inflated.
-	 *
-	 * However, RFC1950 also specifies that the 1st 16-bit word
-	 * must be divisible by 31 - this checksum tells us our buffer
-	 * is in the standard format, giving a false positive only if
-	 * the 1st word of the Git-pack format object happens to be
-	 * divisible by 31, ie:
-	 *      ((byte0 * 256) + byte1) % 31 = 0
-	 *   =>        0ttt10000www1000 % 31 = 0
-	 *
-	 * As it happens, this case can only arise for www=3 & ttt=1
-	 * - ie, a Commit object, which would have to be 8 bytes in
-	 * size. As no Commit can be that small, we find that the
-	 * combination of these two criteria (bitmask & checksum)
-	 * can always correctly determine the buffer format.
-	 */
-	word = (map[0] << 8) + map[1];
-	if ((map[0] & 0x8F) == 0x08 && !(word % 31))
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
-}
-
 unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf,
 		unsigned long len, enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
 {
@@ -1290,14 +1553,6 @@ unsigned long unpack_object_header_buffer(const unsigned char *buf,
 
 int unpack_sha1_header(git_zstream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned long mapsize, void *buffer, unsigned long bufsiz)
 {
-	unsigned long size, used;
-	static const char valid_loose_object_type[8] = {
-		0, /* OBJ_EXT */
-		1, 1, 1, 1, /* "commit", "tree", "blob", "tag" */
-		0, /* "delta" and others are invalid in a loose object */
-	};
-	enum object_type type;
-
 	/* Get the data stream */
 	memset(stream, 0, sizeof(*stream));
 	stream->next_in = map;
@@ -1305,27 +1560,6 @@ int unpack_sha1_header(git_zstream *stream, unsigned char *map, unsigned long ma
 	stream->next_out = buffer;
 	stream->avail_out = bufsiz;
 
-	if (experimental_loose_object(map)) {
-		/*
-		 * The old experimental format we no longer produce;
-		 * we can still read it.
-		 */
-		used = unpack_object_header_buffer(map, mapsize, &type, &size);
-		if (!used || !valid_loose_object_type[type])
-			return -1;
-		map += used;
-		mapsize -= used;
-
-		/* Set up the stream for the rest.. */
-		stream->next_in = map;
-		stream->avail_in = mapsize;
-		git_inflate_init(stream);
-
-		/* And generate the fake traditional header */
-		stream->total_out = 1 + snprintf(buffer, bufsiz, "%s %lu",
-						 typename(type), size);
-		return 0;
-	}
 	git_inflate_init(stream);
 	return git_inflate(stream, 0);
 }
@@ -1517,48 +1751,36 @@ static off_t get_delta_base(struct packed_git *p,
 	return base_offset;
 }
 
-/* forward declaration for a mutually recursive function */
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t offset,
-			      unsigned long *sizep, int *rtype);
+/*
+ * Like get_delta_base above, but we return the sha1 instead of the pack
+ * offset. This means it is cheaper for REF deltas (we do not have to do
+ * the final object lookup), but more expensive for OFS deltas (we
+ * have to load the revidx to convert the offset back into a sha1).
+ */
+static const unsigned char *get_delta_base_sha1(struct packed_git *p,
+						struct pack_window **w_curs,
+						off_t curpos,
+						enum object_type type,
+						off_t delta_obj_offset)
+{
+	if (type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		unsigned char *base = use_pack(p, w_curs, curpos, NULL);
+		return base;
+	} else if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
+		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+		off_t base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos,
+						   type, delta_obj_offset);
 
-static int packed_delta_info(struct packed_git *p,
-			     struct pack_window **w_curs,
-			     off_t curpos,
-			     enum object_type type,
-			     off_t obj_offset,
-			     unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-	off_t base_offset;
+		if (!base_offset)
+			return NULL;
 
-	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
-	if (!base_offset)
-		return OBJ_BAD;
-	type = packed_object_info(p, base_offset, NULL, NULL);
-	if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
 		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
 		if (!revidx)
-			return OBJ_BAD;
-		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-		type = sha1_object_info(base_sha1, NULL);
-		if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
-			return OBJ_BAD;
-	}
-
-	/* We choose to only get the type of the base object and
-	 * ignore potentially corrupt pack file that expects the delta
-	 * based on a base with a wrong size.  This saves tons of
-	 * inflate() calls.
-	 */
-	if (sizep) {
-		*sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, w_curs, curpos);
-		if (*sizep == 0)
-			type = OBJ_BAD;
-	}
+			return NULL;
 
-	return type;
+		return nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+	} else
+		return NULL;
 }
 
 int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
@@ -1587,36 +1809,154 @@ int unpack_object_header(struct packed_git *p,
 	return type;
 }
 
-static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-			      unsigned long *sizep, int *rtype)
+static int retry_bad_packed_offset(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
-	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
-	unsigned long size;
-	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-	enum object_type type;
+	int type;
+	struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+	if (!revidx)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+	mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+	type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (type <= OBJ_NONE)
+		return OBJ_BAD;
+	return type;
+}
 
-	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
-	if (rtype)
-		*rtype = type; /* representation type */
+#define POI_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+
+static enum object_type packed_to_object_type(struct packed_git *p,
+					      off_t obj_offset,
+					      enum object_type type,
+					      struct pack_window **w_curs,
+					      off_t curpos)
+{
+	off_t small_poi_stack[POI_STACK_PREALLOC];
+	off_t *poi_stack = small_poi_stack;
+	int poi_stack_nr = 0, poi_stack_alloc = POI_STACK_PREALLOC;
+
+	while (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+		off_t base_offset;
+		unsigned long size;
+		/* Push the object we're going to leave behind */
+		if (poi_stack_nr >= poi_stack_alloc && poi_stack == small_poi_stack) {
+			poi_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(poi_stack_nr);
+			poi_stack = xmalloc(sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_alloc);
+			memcpy(poi_stack, small_poi_stack, sizeof(off_t)*poi_stack_nr);
+		} else {
+			ALLOC_GROW(poi_stack, poi_stack_nr+1, poi_stack_alloc);
+		}
+		poi_stack[poi_stack_nr++] = obj_offset;
+		/* If parsing the base offset fails, just unwind */
+		base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+		if (!base_offset)
+			goto unwind;
+		curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+		if (type <= OBJ_NONE) {
+			/* If getting the base itself fails, we first
+			 * retry the base, otherwise unwind */
+			type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, base_offset);
+			if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+				goto out;
+			goto unwind;
+		}
+	}
 
 	switch (type) {
-	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
-	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		type = packed_delta_info(p, &w_curs, curpos,
-					 type, obj_offset, sizep);
-		break;
+	case OBJ_BAD:
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		if (sizep)
-			*sizep = size;
 		break;
 	default:
 		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
 		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
 		type = OBJ_BAD;
 	}
+
+out:
+	if (poi_stack != small_poi_stack)
+		free(poi_stack);
+	return type;
+
+unwind:
+	while (poi_stack_nr) {
+		obj_offset = poi_stack[--poi_stack_nr];
+		type = retry_bad_packed_offset(p, obj_offset);
+		if (type > OBJ_NONE)
+			goto out;
+	}
+	type = OBJ_BAD;
+	goto out;
+}
+
+static int packed_object_info(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
+			      struct object_info *oi)
+{
+	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
+	unsigned long size;
+	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
+	enum object_type type;
+
+	/*
+	 * We always get the representation type, but only convert it to
+	 * a "real" type later if the caller is interested.
+	 */
+	type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+
+	if (oi->sizep) {
+		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			off_t tmp_pos = curpos;
+			off_t base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &tmp_pos,
+							   type, obj_offset);
+			if (!base_offset) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			*oi->sizep = get_size_from_delta(p, &w_curs, tmp_pos);
+			if (*oi->sizep == 0) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		} else {
+			*oi->sizep = size;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (oi->disk_sizep) {
+		struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+		*oi->disk_sizep = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+	}
+
+	if (oi->typep) {
+		*oi->typep = packed_to_object_type(p, obj_offset, type, &w_curs, curpos);
+		if (*oi->typep < 0) {
+			type = OBJ_BAD;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (oi->delta_base_sha1) {
+		if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA || type == OBJ_REF_DELTA) {
+			const unsigned char *base;
+
+			base = get_delta_base_sha1(p, &w_curs, curpos,
+						   type, obj_offset);
+			if (!base) {
+				type = OBJ_BAD;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			hashcpy(oi->delta_base_sha1, base);
+		} else
+			hashclr(oi->delta_base_sha1);
+	}
+
+out:
 	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
 	return type;
 }
@@ -1630,7 +1970,9 @@ static void *unpack_compressed_entry(struct packed_git *p,
 	git_zstream stream;
 	unsigned char *buffer, *in;
 
-	buffer = xmallocz(size);
+	buffer = xmallocz_gently(size);
+	if (!buffer)
+		return NULL;
 	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	stream.next_out = buffer;
 	stream.avail_out = size + 1;
@@ -1680,32 +2022,51 @@ static unsigned long pack_entry_hash(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
 	return hash % MAX_DELTA_CACHE;
 }
 
-static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+static struct delta_base_cache_entry *
+get_delta_base_cache_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
 {
 	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
+	return delta_base_cache + hash;
+}
+
+static int eq_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent,
+				     struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
 	return (ent->data && ent->p == p && ent->base_offset == base_offset);
 }
 
+static int in_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset)
+{
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+	ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+	return eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset);
+}
+
+static void clear_delta_base_cache_entry(struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent)
+{
+	ent->data = NULL;
+	ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
+	ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
+	delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
+}
+
 static void *cache_or_unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
 	unsigned long *base_size, enum object_type *type, int keep_cache)
 {
+	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
 	void *ret;
-	unsigned long hash = pack_entry_hash(p, base_offset);
-	struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent = delta_base_cache + hash;
 
-	ret = ent->data;
-	if (!ret || ent->p != p || ent->base_offset != base_offset)
+	ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, base_offset);
+
+	if (!eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, base_offset))
 		return unpack_entry(p, base_offset, type, base_size);
 
-	if (!keep_cache) {
-		ent->data = NULL;
-		ent->lru.next->prev = ent->lru.prev;
-		ent->lru.prev->next = ent->lru.next;
-		delta_base_cached -= ent->size;
-	} else {
+	ret = ent->data;
+
+	if (!keep_cache)
+		clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+	else
 		ret = xmemdupz(ent->data, ent->size);
-	}
 	*type = ent->type;
 	*base_size = ent->size;
 	return ret;
@@ -1769,131 +2130,200 @@ static void add_delta_base_cache(struct packed_git *p, off_t base_offset,
 static void *read_object(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type *type,
 			 unsigned long *size);
 
-static void *unpack_delta_entry(struct packed_git *p,
-				struct pack_window **w_curs,
-				off_t curpos,
-				unsigned long delta_size,
-				off_t obj_offset,
-				enum object_type *type,
-				unsigned long *sizep)
-{
-	void *delta_data, *result, *base;
-	unsigned long base_size;
-	off_t base_offset;
-
-	base_offset = get_delta_base(p, w_curs, &curpos, *type, obj_offset);
-	if (!base_offset) {
-		error("failed to validate delta base reference "
-		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	unuse_pack(w_curs);
-	base = cache_or_unpack_entry(p, base_offset, &base_size, type, 0);
-	if (!base) {
-		/*
-		 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
-		 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
-		 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
-		 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
-		 */
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx;
-		const unsigned char *base_sha1;
-		revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, base_offset);
-		if (!revidx)
-			return NULL;
-		base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-		error("failed to read delta base object %s"
-		      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)base_offset,
-		      p->pack_name);
-		mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
-		base = read_object(base_sha1, type, &base_size);
-		if (!base)
-			return NULL;
-	}
-
-	delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
-	if (!delta_data) {
-		error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
-		      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
-		      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
-		free(base);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	result = patch_delta(base, base_size,
-			     delta_data, delta_size,
-			     sizep);
-	if (!result)
-		die("failed to apply delta");
-	free(delta_data);
-	add_delta_base_cache(p, base_offset, base, base_size, *type);
-	return result;
-}
-
 static void write_pack_access_log(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset)
 {
-	static FILE *log_file;
-
-	if (!log_file) {
-		log_file = fopen(log_pack_access, "w");
-		if (!log_file) {
-			error("cannot open pack access log '%s' for writing: %s",
-			      log_pack_access, strerror(errno));
-			log_pack_access = NULL;
-			return;
-		}
-	}
-	fprintf(log_file, "%s %"PRIuMAX"\n",
-		p->pack_name, (uintmax_t)obj_offset);
-	fflush(log_file);
+	static struct trace_key pack_access = TRACE_KEY_INIT(PACK_ACCESS);
+	trace_printf_key(&pack_access, "%s %"PRIuMAX"\n",
+			 p->pack_name, (uintmax_t)obj_offset);
 }
 
 int do_check_packed_object_crc;
 
+#define UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC 64
+struct unpack_entry_stack_ent {
+	off_t obj_offset;
+	off_t curpos;
+	unsigned long size;
+};
+
 void *unpack_entry(struct packed_git *p, off_t obj_offset,
-		   enum object_type *type, unsigned long *sizep)
+		   enum object_type *final_type, unsigned long *final_size)
 {
 	struct pack_window *w_curs = NULL;
 	off_t curpos = obj_offset;
-	void *data;
+	void *data = NULL;
+	unsigned long size;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct unpack_entry_stack_ent small_delta_stack[UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC];
+	struct unpack_entry_stack_ent *delta_stack = small_delta_stack;
+	int delta_stack_nr = 0, delta_stack_alloc = UNPACK_ENTRY_STACK_PREALLOC;
+	int base_from_cache = 0;
 
-	if (log_pack_access)
-		write_pack_access_log(p, obj_offset);
+	write_pack_access_log(p, obj_offset);
 
-	if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
-		struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
-		unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
-		if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
-			const unsigned char *sha1 =
-				nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
-			error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
-			      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-			mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
-			unuse_pack(&w_curs);
-			return NULL;
+	/* PHASE 1: drill down to the innermost base object */
+	for (;;) {
+		off_t base_offset;
+		int i;
+		struct delta_base_cache_entry *ent;
+
+		ent = get_delta_base_cache_entry(p, curpos);
+		if (eq_delta_base_cache_entry(ent, p, curpos)) {
+			type = ent->type;
+			data = ent->data;
+			size = ent->size;
+			clear_delta_base_cache_entry(ent);
+			base_from_cache = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (do_check_packed_object_crc && p->index_version > 1) {
+			struct revindex_entry *revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+			unsigned long len = revidx[1].offset - obj_offset;
+			if (check_pack_crc(p, &w_curs, obj_offset, len, revidx->nr)) {
+				const unsigned char *sha1 =
+					nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+				error("bad packed object CRC for %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+				mark_bad_packed_object(p, sha1);
+				unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+				return NULL;
+			}
 		}
+
+		type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, &size);
+		if (type != OBJ_OFS_DELTA && type != OBJ_REF_DELTA)
+			break;
+
+		base_offset = get_delta_base(p, &w_curs, &curpos, type, obj_offset);
+		if (!base_offset) {
+			error("failed to validate delta base reference "
+			      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+			      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+			/* bail to phase 2, in hopes of recovery */
+			data = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/* push object, proceed to base */
+		if (delta_stack_nr >= delta_stack_alloc
+		    && delta_stack == small_delta_stack) {
+			delta_stack_alloc = alloc_nr(delta_stack_nr);
+			delta_stack = xmalloc(sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_alloc);
+			memcpy(delta_stack, small_delta_stack,
+			       sizeof(*delta_stack)*delta_stack_nr);
+		} else {
+			ALLOC_GROW(delta_stack, delta_stack_nr+1, delta_stack_alloc);
+		}
+		i = delta_stack_nr++;
+		delta_stack[i].obj_offset = obj_offset;
+		delta_stack[i].curpos = curpos;
+		delta_stack[i].size = size;
+
+		curpos = obj_offset = base_offset;
 	}
 
-	*type = unpack_object_header(p, &w_curs, &curpos, sizep);
-	switch (*type) {
+	/* PHASE 2: handle the base */
+	switch (type) {
 	case OBJ_OFS_DELTA:
 	case OBJ_REF_DELTA:
-		data = unpack_delta_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep,
-					  obj_offset, type, sizep);
+		if (data)
+			die("BUG in unpack_entry: left loop at a valid delta");
 		break;
 	case OBJ_COMMIT:
 	case OBJ_TREE:
 	case OBJ_BLOB:
 	case OBJ_TAG:
-		data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, *sizep);
+		if (!base_from_cache)
+			data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, size);
 		break;
 	default:
 		data = NULL;
 		error("unknown object type %i at offset %"PRIuMAX" in %s",
-		      *type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+		      type, (uintmax_t)obj_offset, p->pack_name);
+	}
+
+	/* PHASE 3: apply deltas in order */
+
+	/* invariants:
+	 *   'data' holds the base data, or NULL if there was corruption
+	 */
+	while (delta_stack_nr) {
+		void *delta_data;
+		void *base = data;
+		unsigned long delta_size, base_size = size;
+		int i;
+
+		data = NULL;
+
+		if (base)
+			add_delta_base_cache(p, obj_offset, base, base_size, type);
+
+		if (!base) {
+			/*
+			 * We're probably in deep shit, but let's try to fetch
+			 * the required base anyway from another pack or loose.
+			 * This is costly but should happen only in the presence
+			 * of a corrupted pack, and is better than failing outright.
+			 */
+			struct revindex_entry *revidx;
+			const unsigned char *base_sha1;
+			revidx = find_pack_revindex(p, obj_offset);
+			if (revidx) {
+				base_sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, revidx->nr);
+				error("failed to read delta base object %s"
+				      " at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+				      sha1_to_hex(base_sha1), (uintmax_t)obj_offset,
+				      p->pack_name);
+				mark_bad_packed_object(p, base_sha1);
+				base = read_object(base_sha1, &type, &base_size);
+			}
+		}
+
+		i = --delta_stack_nr;
+		obj_offset = delta_stack[i].obj_offset;
+		curpos = delta_stack[i].curpos;
+		delta_size = delta_stack[i].size;
+
+		if (!base)
+			continue;
+
+		delta_data = unpack_compressed_entry(p, &w_curs, curpos, delta_size);
+
+		if (!delta_data) {
+			error("failed to unpack compressed delta "
+			      "at offset %"PRIuMAX" from %s",
+			      (uintmax_t)curpos, p->pack_name);
+			data = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		data = patch_delta(base, base_size,
+				   delta_data, delta_size,
+				   &size);
+
+		/*
+		 * We could not apply the delta; warn the user, but keep going.
+		 * Our failure will be noticed either in the next iteration of
+		 * the loop, or if this is the final delta, in the caller when
+		 * we return NULL. Those code paths will take care of making
+		 * a more explicit warning and retrying with another copy of
+		 * the object.
+		 */
+		if (!data)
+			error("failed to apply delta");
+
+		free(delta_data);
 	}
+
+	*final_type = type;
+	*final_size = size;
+
 	unuse_pack(&w_curs);
+
+	if (delta_stack != small_delta_stack)
+		free(delta_stack);
+
 	return data;
 }
 
@@ -2053,6 +2483,10 @@ static int fill_pack_entry(const unsigned char *sha1,
 	return 1;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Iff a pack file contains the object named by sha1, return true and
+ * store its location to e.
+ */
 static int find_pack_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, struct pack_entry *e)
 {
 	struct packed_git *p;
@@ -2065,11 +2499,13 @@ static int find_pack_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, struct pack_entry *e)
 		return 1;
 
 	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
-		if (p == last_found_pack || !fill_pack_entry(sha1, e, p))
-			continue;
+		if (p == last_found_pack)
+			continue; /* we already checked this one */
 
-		last_found_pack = p;
-		return 1;
+		if (fill_pack_entry(sha1, e, p)) {
+			last_found_pack = p;
+			return 1;
+		}
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2087,7 +2523,8 @@ struct packed_git *find_sha1_pack(const unsigned char *sha1,
 
 }
 
-static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
+static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1,
+				  struct object_info *oi)
 {
 	int status;
 	unsigned long mapsize, size;
@@ -2095,54 +2532,83 @@ static int sha1_loose_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *size
 	git_zstream stream;
 	char hdr[32];
 
+	if (oi->delta_base_sha1)
+		hashclr(oi->delta_base_sha1);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we don't care about type or size, then we don't
+	 * need to look inside the object at all. Note that we
+	 * do not optimize out the stat call, even if the
+	 * caller doesn't care about the disk-size, since our
+	 * return value implicitly indicates whether the
+	 * object even exists.
+	 */
+	if (!oi->typep && !oi->sizep) {
+		struct stat st;
+		if (stat_sha1_file(sha1, &st) < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (oi->disk_sizep)
+			*oi->disk_sizep = st.st_size;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	map = map_sha1_file(sha1, &mapsize);
 	if (!map)
-		return error("unable to find %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+		return -1;
+	if (oi->disk_sizep)
+		*oi->disk_sizep = mapsize;
 	if (unpack_sha1_header(&stream, map, mapsize, hdr, sizeof(hdr)) < 0)
 		status = error("unable to unpack %s header",
 			       sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	else if ((status = parse_sha1_header(hdr, &size)) < 0)
 		status = error("unable to parse %s header", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	else if (sizep)
-		*sizep = size;
+	else if (oi->sizep)
+		*oi->sizep = size;
 	git_inflate_end(&stream);
 	munmap(map, mapsize);
-	return status;
+	if (oi->typep)
+		*oi->typep = status;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-/* returns enum object_type or negative */
-int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object_info *oi)
+int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object_info *oi, unsigned flags)
 {
 	struct cached_object *co;
 	struct pack_entry e;
-	int status, rtype;
+	int rtype;
+	const unsigned char *real = lookup_replace_object_extended(sha1, flags);
 
-	co = find_cached_object(sha1);
+	co = find_cached_object(real);
 	if (co) {
+		if (oi->typep)
+			*(oi->typep) = co->type;
 		if (oi->sizep)
 			*(oi->sizep) = co->size;
+		if (oi->disk_sizep)
+			*(oi->disk_sizep) = 0;
+		if (oi->delta_base_sha1)
+			hashclr(oi->delta_base_sha1);
 		oi->whence = OI_CACHED;
-		return co->type;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
-	if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e)) {
+	if (!find_pack_entry(real, &e)) {
 		/* Most likely it's a loose object. */
-		status = sha1_loose_object_info(sha1, oi->sizep);
-		if (status >= 0) {
+		if (!sha1_loose_object_info(real, oi)) {
 			oi->whence = OI_LOOSE;
-			return status;
+			return 0;
 		}
 
 		/* Not a loose object; someone else may have just packed it. */
 		reprepare_packed_git();
-		if (!find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
-			return status;
+		if (!find_pack_entry(real, &e))
+			return -1;
 	}
 
-	status = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, oi->sizep, &rtype);
-	if (status < 0) {
-		mark_bad_packed_object(e.p, sha1);
-		status = sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
+	rtype = packed_object_info(e.p, e.offset, oi);
+	if (rtype < 0) {
+		mark_bad_packed_object(e.p, real);
+		return sha1_object_info_extended(real, oi, 0);
 	} else if (in_delta_base_cache(e.p, e.offset)) {
 		oi->whence = OI_DBCACHED;
 	} else {
@@ -2153,15 +2619,20 @@ int sha1_object_info_extended(const unsigned char *sha1, struct object_info *oi)
 					 rtype == OBJ_OFS_DELTA);
 	}
 
-	return status;
+	return 0;
 }
 
+/* returns enum object_type or negative */
 int sha1_object_info(const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned long *sizep)
 {
-	struct object_info oi;
+	enum object_type type;
+	struct object_info oi = {NULL};
 
+	oi.typep = &type;
 	oi.sizep = sizep;
-	return sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi);
+	if (sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi, LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT) < 0)
+		return -1;
+	return type;
 }
 
 static void *read_packed_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -2196,12 +2667,7 @@ int pretend_sha1_file(void *buf, unsigned long len, enum object_type type,
 	hash_sha1_file(buf, len, typename(type), sha1);
 	if (has_sha1_file(sha1) || find_cached_object(sha1))
 		return 0;
-	if (cached_object_alloc <= cached_object_nr) {
-		cached_object_alloc = alloc_nr(cached_object_alloc);
-		cached_objects = xrealloc(cached_objects,
-					  sizeof(*cached_objects) *
-					  cached_object_alloc);
-	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(cached_objects, cached_object_nr + 1, cached_object_alloc);
 	co = &cached_objects[cached_object_nr++];
 	co->size = len;
 	co->type = type;
@@ -2249,10 +2715,8 @@ void *read_sha1_file_extended(const unsigned char *sha1,
 			      unsigned flag)
 {
 	void *data;
-	char *path;
 	const struct packed_git *p;
-	const unsigned char *repl = (flag & READ_SHA1_FILE_REPLACE)
-		? lookup_replace_object(sha1) : sha1;
+	const unsigned char *repl = lookup_replace_object_extended(sha1, flag);
 
 	errno = 0;
 	data = read_object(repl, type, size);
@@ -2268,7 +2732,8 @@ void *read_sha1_file_extended(const unsigned char *sha1,
 		    sha1_to_hex(repl), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 
 	if (has_loose_object(repl)) {
-		path = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+		const char *path = sha1_file_name(sha1);
+
 		die("loose object %s (stored in %s) is corrupt",
 		    sha1_to_hex(repl), path);
 	}
@@ -2379,7 +2844,7 @@ int move_temp_to_file(const char *tmpfile, const char *filename)
 	unlink_or_warn(tmpfile);
 	if (ret) {
 		if (ret != EEXIST) {
-			return error("unable to write sha1 filename %s: %s\n", filename, strerror(ret));
+			return error("unable to write sha1 filename %s: %s", filename, strerror(ret));
 		}
 		/* FIXME!!! Collision check here ? */
 	}
@@ -2446,7 +2911,9 @@ static int create_tmpfile(char *buffer, size_t bufsiz, const char *filename)
 		/* Make sure the directory exists */
 		memcpy(buffer, filename, dirlen);
 		buffer[dirlen-1] = 0;
-		if (mkdir(buffer, 0777) || adjust_shared_perm(buffer))
+		if (mkdir(buffer, 0777) && errno != EEXIST)
+			return -1;
+		if (adjust_shared_perm(buffer))
 			return -1;
 
 		/* Try again */
@@ -2464,20 +2931,18 @@ static int write_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1, char *hdr, int hdrlen,
 	git_zstream stream;
 	git_SHA_CTX c;
 	unsigned char parano_sha1[20];
-	char *filename;
 	static char tmp_file[PATH_MAX];
+	const char *filename = sha1_file_name(sha1);
 
-	filename = sha1_file_name(sha1);
 	fd = create_tmpfile(tmp_file, sizeof(tmp_file), filename);
 	if (fd < 0) {
 		if (errno == EACCES)
-			return error("insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database %s\n", get_object_directory());
+			return error("insufficient permission for adding an object to repository database %s", get_object_directory());
 		else
-			return error("unable to create temporary sha1 filename %s: %s\n", tmp_file, strerror(errno));
+			return error("unable to create temporary file: %s", strerror(errno));
 	}
 
 	/* Set it up */
-	memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 	git_deflate_init(&stream, zlib_compression_level);
 	stream.next_out = compressed;
 	stream.avail_out = sizeof(compressed);
@@ -2526,6 +2991,17 @@ static int write_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1, char *hdr, int hdrlen,
 	return move_temp_to_file(tmp_file, filename);
 }
 
+static int freshen_loose_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	return check_and_freshen(sha1, 1);
+}
+
+static int freshen_packed_object(const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct pack_entry e;
+	return find_pack_entry(sha1, &e) && freshen_file(e.p->pack_name);
+}
+
 int write_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsigned char *returnsha1)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -2538,7 +3014,7 @@ int write_sha1_file(const void *buf, unsigned long len, const char *type, unsign
 	write_sha1_file_prepare(buf, len, type, sha1, hdr, &hdrlen);
 	if (returnsha1)
 		hashcpy(returnsha1, sha1);
-	if (has_sha1_file(sha1))
+	if (freshen_loose_object(sha1) || freshen_packed_object(sha1))
 		return 0;
 	return write_loose_object(sha1, hdr, hdrlen, buf, len, 0);
 }
@@ -2584,7 +3060,10 @@ int has_sha1_file(const unsigned char *sha1)
 
 	if (find_pack_entry(sha1, &e))
 		return 1;
-	return has_loose_object(sha1);
+	if (has_loose_object(sha1))
+		return 1;
+	reprepare_packed_git();
+	return find_pack_entry(sha1, &e);
 }
 
 static void check_tree(const void *buf, size_t size)
@@ -2654,6 +3133,29 @@ static int index_mem(unsigned char *sha1, void *buf, size_t size,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int index_stream_convert_blob(unsigned char *sha1, int fd,
+				     const char *path, unsigned flags)
+{
+	int ret;
+	const int write_object = flags & HASH_WRITE_OBJECT;
+	struct strbuf sbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	assert(path);
+	assert(would_convert_to_git_filter_fd(path));
+
+	convert_to_git_filter_fd(path, fd, &sbuf,
+				 write_object ? safe_crlf : SAFE_CRLF_FALSE);
+
+	if (write_object)
+		ret = write_sha1_file(sbuf.buf, sbuf.len, typename(OBJ_BLOB),
+				      sha1);
+	else
+		ret = hash_sha1_file(sbuf.buf, sbuf.len, typename(OBJ_BLOB),
+				     sha1);
+	strbuf_release(&sbuf);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int index_pipe(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, enum object_type type,
 		      const char *path, unsigned flags)
 {
@@ -2719,15 +3221,22 @@ int index_fd(unsigned char *sha1, int fd, struct stat *st,
 	     enum object_type type, const char *path, unsigned flags)
 {
 	int ret;
-	size_t size = xsize_t(st->st_size);
 
-	if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
+	/*
+	 * Call xsize_t() only when needed to avoid potentially unnecessary
+	 * die() for large files.
+	 */
+	if (type == OBJ_BLOB && path && would_convert_to_git_filter_fd(path))
+		ret = index_stream_convert_blob(sha1, fd, path, flags);
+	else if (!S_ISREG(st->st_mode))
 		ret = index_pipe(sha1, fd, type, path, flags);
-	else if (size <= big_file_threshold || type != OBJ_BLOB ||
-		 (path && would_convert_to_git(path, NULL, 0, 0)))
-		ret = index_core(sha1, fd, size, type, path, flags);
+	else if (st->st_size <= big_file_threshold || type != OBJ_BLOB ||
+		 (path && would_convert_to_git(path)))
+		ret = index_core(sha1, fd, xsize_t(st->st_size), type, path,
+				 flags);
 	else
-		ret = index_stream(sha1, fd, size, type, path, flags);
+		ret = index_stream(sha1, fd, xsize_t(st->st_size), type, path,
+				   flags);
 	close(fd);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -2792,3 +3301,167 @@ void assert_sha1_type(const unsigned char *sha1, enum object_type expect)
 		die("%s is not a valid '%s' object", sha1_to_hex(sha1),
 		    typename(expect));
 }
+
+static int for_each_file_in_obj_subdir(int subdir_nr,
+				       struct strbuf *path,
+				       each_loose_object_fn obj_cb,
+				       each_loose_cruft_fn cruft_cb,
+				       each_loose_subdir_fn subdir_cb,
+				       void *data)
+{
+	size_t baselen = path->len;
+	DIR *dir = opendir(path->buf);
+	struct dirent *de;
+	int r = 0;
+
+	if (!dir) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT)
+			return 0;
+		return error("unable to open %s: %s", path->buf, strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	while ((de = readdir(dir))) {
+		if (is_dot_or_dotdot(de->d_name))
+			continue;
+
+		strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+		strbuf_addf(path, "/%s", de->d_name);
+
+		if (strlen(de->d_name) == 38)  {
+			char hex[41];
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+			snprintf(hex, sizeof(hex), "%02x%s",
+				 subdir_nr, de->d_name);
+			if (!get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1)) {
+				if (obj_cb) {
+					r = obj_cb(sha1, path->buf, data);
+					if (r)
+						break;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (cruft_cb) {
+			r = cruft_cb(de->d_name, path->buf, data);
+			if (r)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+
+	if (!r && subdir_cb)
+		r = subdir_cb(subdir_nr, path->buf, data);
+
+	closedir(dir);
+	return r;
+}
+
+int for_each_loose_file_in_objdir_buf(struct strbuf *path,
+			    each_loose_object_fn obj_cb,
+			    each_loose_cruft_fn cruft_cb,
+			    each_loose_subdir_fn subdir_cb,
+			    void *data)
+{
+	size_t baselen = path->len;
+	int r = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		strbuf_addf(path, "/%02x", i);
+		r = for_each_file_in_obj_subdir(i, path, obj_cb, cruft_cb,
+						subdir_cb, data);
+		strbuf_setlen(path, baselen);
+		if (r)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+int for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(const char *path,
+				  each_loose_object_fn obj_cb,
+				  each_loose_cruft_fn cruft_cb,
+				  each_loose_subdir_fn subdir_cb,
+				  void *data)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int r;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&buf, path);
+	r = for_each_loose_file_in_objdir_buf(&buf, obj_cb, cruft_cb,
+					      subdir_cb, data);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+struct loose_alt_odb_data {
+	each_loose_object_fn *cb;
+	void *data;
+};
+
+static int loose_from_alt_odb(struct alternate_object_database *alt,
+			      void *vdata)
+{
+	struct loose_alt_odb_data *data = vdata;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int r;
+
+	/* copy base not including trailing '/' */
+	strbuf_add(&buf, alt->base, alt->name - alt->base - 1);
+	r = for_each_loose_file_in_objdir_buf(&buf,
+					      data->cb, NULL, NULL,
+					      data->data);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return r;
+}
+
+int for_each_loose_object(each_loose_object_fn cb, void *data)
+{
+	struct loose_alt_odb_data alt;
+	int r;
+
+	r = for_each_loose_file_in_objdir(get_object_directory(),
+					  cb, NULL, NULL, data);
+	if (r)
+		return r;
+
+	alt.cb = cb;
+	alt.data = data;
+	return foreach_alt_odb(loose_from_alt_odb, &alt);
+}
+
+static int for_each_object_in_pack(struct packed_git *p, each_packed_object_fn cb, void *data)
+{
+	uint32_t i;
+	int r = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < p->num_objects; i++) {
+		const unsigned char *sha1 = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
+
+		if (!sha1)
+			return error("unable to get sha1 of object %u in %s",
+				     i, p->pack_name);
+
+		r = cb(sha1, p, i, data);
+		if (r)
+			break;
+	}
+	return r;
+}
+
+int for_each_packed_object(each_packed_object_fn cb, void *data)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+	int r = 0;
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	for (p = packed_git; p; p = p->next) {
+		r = for_each_object_in_pack(p, cb, data);
+		if (r)
+			break;
+	}
+	return r;
+}
diff --git a/sha1_name.c b/sha1_name.c
index 03ffc2caaa..6d10f052b5 100644
--- a/sha1_name.c
+++ b/sha1_name.c
@@ -9,14 +9,82 @@
 
 static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *, unsigned char *, struct commit_list *);
 
-static int find_short_object_filename(int len, const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+typedef int (*disambiguate_hint_fn)(const unsigned char *, void *);
+
+struct disambiguate_state {
+	disambiguate_hint_fn fn;
+	void *cb_data;
+	unsigned char candidate[20];
+	unsigned candidate_exists:1;
+	unsigned candidate_checked:1;
+	unsigned candidate_ok:1;
+	unsigned disambiguate_fn_used:1;
+	unsigned ambiguous:1;
+	unsigned always_call_fn:1;
+};
+
+static void update_candidates(struct disambiguate_state *ds, const unsigned char *current)
+{
+	if (ds->always_call_fn) {
+		ds->ambiguous = ds->fn(current, ds->cb_data) ? 1 : 0;
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!ds->candidate_exists) {
+		/* this is the first candidate */
+		hashcpy(ds->candidate, current);
+		ds->candidate_exists = 1;
+		return;
+	} else if (!hashcmp(ds->candidate, current)) {
+		/* the same as what we already have seen */
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!ds->fn) {
+		/* cannot disambiguate between ds->candidate and current */
+		ds->ambiguous = 1;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_checked) {
+		ds->candidate_ok = ds->fn(ds->candidate, ds->cb_data);
+		ds->disambiguate_fn_used = 1;
+		ds->candidate_checked = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_ok) {
+		/* discard the candidate; we know it does not satisfy fn */
+		hashcpy(ds->candidate, current);
+		ds->candidate_checked = 0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* if we reach this point, we know ds->candidate satisfies fn */
+	if (ds->fn(current, ds->cb_data)) {
+		/*
+		 * if both current and candidate satisfy fn, we cannot
+		 * disambiguate.
+		 */
+		ds->candidate_ok = 0;
+		ds->ambiguous = 1;
+	}
+
+	/* otherwise, current can be discarded and candidate is still good */
+}
+
+static void find_short_object_filename(int len, const char *hex_pfx, struct disambiguate_state *ds)
 {
 	struct alternate_object_database *alt;
 	char hex[40];
-	int found = 0;
 	static struct alternate_object_database *fakeent;
 
 	if (!fakeent) {
+		/*
+		 * Create a "fake" alternate object database that
+		 * points to our own object database, to make it
+		 * easier to get a temporary working space in
+		 * alt->name/alt->base while iterating over the
+		 * object databases including our own.
+		 */
 		const char *objdir = get_object_directory();
 		int objdir_len = strlen(objdir);
 		int entlen = objdir_len + 43;
@@ -27,33 +95,28 @@ static int find_short_object_filename(int len, const char *name, unsigned char *
 	}
 	fakeent->next = alt_odb_list;
 
-	sprintf(hex, "%.2s", name);
-	for (alt = fakeent; alt && found < 2; alt = alt->next) {
+	sprintf(hex, "%.2s", hex_pfx);
+	for (alt = fakeent; alt && !ds->ambiguous; alt = alt->next) {
 		struct dirent *de;
 		DIR *dir;
-		sprintf(alt->name, "%.2s/", name);
+		sprintf(alt->name, "%.2s/", hex_pfx);
 		dir = opendir(alt->base);
 		if (!dir)
 			continue;
-		while ((de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+
+		while (!ds->ambiguous && (de = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
+			unsigned char sha1[20];
+
 			if (strlen(de->d_name) != 38)
 				continue;
-			if (memcmp(de->d_name, name + 2, len - 2))
+			if (memcmp(de->d_name, hex_pfx + 2, len - 2))
 				continue;
-			if (!found) {
-				memcpy(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38);
-				found++;
-			}
-			else if (memcmp(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38)) {
-				found = 2;
-				break;
-			}
+			memcpy(hex + 2, de->d_name, 38);
+			if (!get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1))
+				update_candidates(ds, sha1);
 		}
 		closedir(dir);
 	}
-	if (found == 1)
-		return get_sha1_hex(hex, sha1) == 0;
-	return found;
 }
 
 static int match_sha(unsigned len, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *b)
@@ -71,103 +134,157 @@ static int match_sha(unsigned len, const unsigned char *a, const unsigned char *
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int find_short_packed_object(int len, const unsigned char *match, unsigned char *sha1)
+static void unique_in_pack(int len,
+			  const unsigned char *bin_pfx,
+			   struct packed_git *p,
+			   struct disambiguate_state *ds)
 {
-	struct packed_git *p;
-	const unsigned char *found_sha1 = NULL;
-	int found = 0;
-
-	prepare_packed_git();
-	for (p = packed_git; p && found < 2; p = p->next) {
-		uint32_t num, last;
-		uint32_t first = 0;
-		open_pack_index(p);
-		num = p->num_objects;
-		last = num;
-		while (first < last) {
-			uint32_t mid = (first + last) / 2;
-			const unsigned char *now;
-			int cmp;
-
-			now = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, mid);
-			cmp = hashcmp(match, now);
-			if (!cmp) {
-				first = mid;
-				break;
-			}
-			if (cmp > 0) {
-				first = mid+1;
-				continue;
-			}
-			last = mid;
+	uint32_t num, last, i, first = 0;
+	const unsigned char *current = NULL;
+
+	open_pack_index(p);
+	num = p->num_objects;
+	last = num;
+	while (first < last) {
+		uint32_t mid = (first + last) / 2;
+		const unsigned char *current;
+		int cmp;
+
+		current = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, mid);
+		cmp = hashcmp(bin_pfx, current);
+		if (!cmp) {
+			first = mid;
+			break;
 		}
-		if (first < num) {
-			const unsigned char *now, *next;
-		       now = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, first);
-			if (match_sha(len, match, now)) {
-				next = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, first+1);
-			       if (!next|| !match_sha(len, match, next)) {
-					/* unique within this pack */
-					if (!found) {
-						found_sha1 = now;
-						found++;
-					}
-					else if (hashcmp(found_sha1, now)) {
-						found = 2;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-				else {
-					/* not even unique within this pack */
-					found = 2;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
+		if (cmp > 0) {
+			first = mid+1;
+			continue;
 		}
+		last = mid;
 	}
-	if (found == 1)
-		hashcpy(sha1, found_sha1);
-	return found;
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point, "first" is the location of the lowest object
+	 * with an object name that could match "bin_pfx".  See if we have
+	 * 0, 1 or more objects that actually match(es).
+	 */
+	for (i = first; i < num && !ds->ambiguous; i++) {
+		current = nth_packed_object_sha1(p, i);
+		if (!match_sha(len, bin_pfx, current))
+			break;
+		update_candidates(ds, current);
+	}
+}
+
+static void find_short_packed_object(int len, const unsigned char *bin_pfx,
+				     struct disambiguate_state *ds)
+{
+	struct packed_git *p;
+
+	prepare_packed_git();
+	for (p = packed_git; p && !ds->ambiguous; p = p->next)
+		unique_in_pack(len, bin_pfx, p, ds);
 }
 
 #define SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND (-1)
 #define SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS (-2)
 
-static int find_unique_short_object(int len, char *canonical,
-				    unsigned char *res, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int finish_object_disambiguation(struct disambiguate_state *ds,
+					unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	int has_unpacked, has_packed;
-	unsigned char unpacked_sha1[20], packed_sha1[20];
+	if (ds->ambiguous)
+		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
 
-	prepare_alt_odb();
-	has_unpacked = find_short_object_filename(len, canonical, unpacked_sha1);
-	has_packed = find_short_packed_object(len, res, packed_sha1);
-	if (!has_unpacked && !has_packed)
+	if (!ds->candidate_exists)
 		return SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
-	if (1 < has_unpacked || 1 < has_packed)
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_checked)
+		/*
+		 * If this is the only candidate, there is no point
+		 * calling the disambiguation hint callback.
+		 *
+		 * On the other hand, if the current candidate
+		 * replaced an earlier candidate that did _not_ pass
+		 * the disambiguation hint callback, then we do have
+		 * more than one objects that match the short name
+		 * given, so we should make sure this one matches;
+		 * otherwise, if we discovered this one and the one
+		 * that we previously discarded in the reverse order,
+		 * we would end up showing different results in the
+		 * same repository!
+		 */
+		ds->candidate_ok = (!ds->disambiguate_fn_used ||
+				    ds->fn(ds->candidate, ds->cb_data));
+
+	if (!ds->candidate_ok)
 		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
-	if (has_unpacked != has_packed) {
-		hashcpy(sha1, (has_packed ? packed_sha1 : unpacked_sha1));
+
+	hashcpy(sha1, ds->candidate);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int disambiguate_commit_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	int kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	return kind == OBJ_COMMIT;
+}
+
+static int disambiguate_committish_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	int kind;
+
+	kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (kind == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 1;
+	if (kind != OBJ_TAG)
 		return 0;
-	}
-	/* Both have unique ones -- do they match? */
-	if (hashcmp(packed_sha1, unpacked_sha1))
-		return SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS;
-	hashcpy(sha1, packed_sha1);
+
+	/* We need to do this the hard way... */
+	obj = deref_tag(parse_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
+	if (obj && obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 1;
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_short_sha1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
-			  int quietly)
+static int disambiguate_tree_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
 {
-	int i, status;
-	char canonical[40];
-	unsigned char res[20];
+	int kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	return kind == OBJ_TREE;
+}
 
-	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV || len > 40)
-		return -1;
-	hashclr(res);
-	memset(canonical, 'x', 40);
+static int disambiguate_treeish_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	struct object *obj;
+	int kind;
+
+	kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	if (kind == OBJ_TREE || kind == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		return 1;
+	if (kind != OBJ_TAG)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* We need to do this the hard way... */
+	obj = deref_tag(lookup_object(sha1), NULL, 0);
+	if (obj && (obj->type == OBJ_TREE || obj->type == OBJ_COMMIT))
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int disambiguate_blob_only(const unsigned char *sha1, void *cb_data_unused)
+{
+	int kind = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+	return kind == OBJ_BLOB;
+}
+
+static int prepare_prefixes(const char *name, int len,
+			    unsigned char *bin_pfx,
+			    char *hex_pfx)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	hashclr(bin_pfx);
+	memset(hex_pfx, 'x', 40);
 	for (i = 0; i < len ;i++) {
 		unsigned char c = name[i];
 		unsigned char val;
@@ -181,30 +298,87 @@ static int get_short_sha1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
 		}
 		else
 			return -1;
-		canonical[i] = c;
+		hex_pfx[i] = c;
 		if (!(i & 1))
 			val <<= 4;
-		res[i >> 1] |= val;
+		bin_pfx[i >> 1] |= val;
 	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_short_sha1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
+			  unsigned flags)
+{
+	int status;
+	char hex_pfx[40];
+	unsigned char bin_pfx[20];
+	struct disambiguate_state ds;
+	int quietly = !!(flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY);
+
+	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV || len > 40)
+		return -1;
+	if (prepare_prefixes(name, len, bin_pfx, hex_pfx) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+
+	memset(&ds, 0, sizeof(ds));
+	if (flags & GET_SHA1_COMMIT)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_commit_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_committish_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_TREE)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_tree_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_TREEISH)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_treeish_only;
+	else if (flags & GET_SHA1_BLOB)
+		ds.fn = disambiguate_blob_only;
+
+	find_short_object_filename(len, hex_pfx, &ds);
+	find_short_packed_object(len, bin_pfx, &ds);
+	status = finish_object_disambiguation(&ds, sha1);
 
-	status = find_unique_short_object(i, canonical, res, sha1);
 	if (!quietly && (status == SHORT_NAME_AMBIGUOUS))
-		return error("short SHA1 %.*s is ambiguous.", len, canonical);
+		return error("short SHA1 %.*s is ambiguous.", len, hex_pfx);
 	return status;
 }
 
+int for_each_abbrev(const char *prefix, each_abbrev_fn fn, void *cb_data)
+{
+	char hex_pfx[40];
+	unsigned char bin_pfx[20];
+	struct disambiguate_state ds;
+	int len = strlen(prefix);
+
+	if (len < MINIMUM_ABBREV || len > 40)
+		return -1;
+	if (prepare_prefixes(prefix, len, bin_pfx, hex_pfx) < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	prepare_alt_odb();
+
+	memset(&ds, 0, sizeof(ds));
+	ds.always_call_fn = 1;
+	ds.cb_data = cb_data;
+	ds.fn = fn;
+
+	find_short_object_filename(len, hex_pfx, &ds);
+	find_short_packed_object(len, bin_pfx, &ds);
+	return ds.ambiguous;
+}
+
 const char *find_unique_abbrev(const unsigned char *sha1, int len)
 {
 	int status, exists;
 	static char hex[41];
 
-	exists = has_sha1_file(sha1);
 	memcpy(hex, sha1_to_hex(sha1), 40);
 	if (len == 40 || !len)
 		return hex;
+	exists = has_sha1_file(sha1);
 	while (len < 40) {
 		unsigned char sha1_ret[20];
-		status = get_short_sha1(hex, len, sha1_ret, 1);
+		status = get_short_sha1(hex, len, sha1_ret, GET_SHA1_QUIETLY);
 		if (exists
 		    ? !status
 		    : status == SHORT_NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
@@ -255,23 +429,53 @@ static inline int upstream_mark(const char *string, int len)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1);
+static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned lookup_flags);
+static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, int namelen, struct strbuf *buf);
 
-static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1,
+			  unsigned int flags)
 {
 	static const char *warn_msg = "refname '%.*s' is ambiguous.";
+	static const char *object_name_msg = N_(
+	"Git normally never creates a ref that ends with 40 hex characters\n"
+	"because it will be ignored when you just specify 40-hex. These refs\n"
+	"may be created by mistake. For example,\n"
+	"\n"
+	"  git checkout -b $br $(git rev-parse ...)\n"
+	"\n"
+	"where \"$br\" is somehow empty and a 40-hex ref is created. Please\n"
+	"examine these refs and maybe delete them. Turn this message off by\n"
+	"running \"git config advice.objectNameWarning false\"");
+	unsigned char tmp_sha1[20];
 	char *real_ref = NULL;
 	int refs_found = 0;
-	int at, reflog_len;
-
-	if (len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(str, sha1))
+	int at, reflog_len, nth_prior = 0;
+
+	if (len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(str, sha1)) {
+		if (warn_ambiguous_refs && warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity) {
+			refs_found = dwim_ref(str, len, tmp_sha1, &real_ref);
+			if (refs_found > 0) {
+				warning(warn_msg, len, str);
+				if (advice_object_name_warning)
+					fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", _(object_name_msg));
+			}
+			free(real_ref);
+		}
 		return 0;
+	}
 
 	/* basic@{time or number or -number} format to query ref-log */
 	reflog_len = at = 0;
 	if (len && str[len-1] == '}') {
-		for (at = len-2; at >= 0; at--) {
+		for (at = len-4; at >= 0; at--) {
 			if (str[at] == '@' && str[at+1] == '{') {
+				if (str[at+2] == '-') {
+					if (at != 0)
+						/* @{-N} not at start */
+						return -1;
+					nth_prior = 1;
+					continue;
+				}
 				if (!upstream_mark(str + at, len - at)) {
 					reflog_len = (len-1) - (at+2);
 					len = at;
@@ -285,20 +489,22 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (len && ambiguous_path(str, len))
 		return -1;
 
-	if (!len && reflog_len) {
+	if (nth_prior) {
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int ret;
-		/* try the @{-N} syntax for n-th checkout */
-		ret = interpret_branch_name(str+at, &buf);
-		if (ret > 0) {
-			/* substitute this branch name and restart */
-			return get_sha1_1(buf.buf, buf.len, sha1);
-		} else if (ret == 0) {
-			return -1;
+		int detached;
+
+		if (interpret_nth_prior_checkout(str, len, &buf) > 0) {
+			detached = (buf.len == 40 && !get_sha1_hex(buf.buf, sha1));
+			strbuf_release(&buf);
+			if (detached)
+				return 0;
 		}
+	}
+
+	if (!len && reflog_len)
 		/* allow "@{...}" to mean the current branch reflog */
 		refs_found = dwim_ref("HEAD", 4, sha1, &real_ref);
-	} else if (reflog_len)
+	else if (reflog_len)
 		refs_found = dwim_log(str, len, sha1, &real_ref);
 	else
 		refs_found = dwim_ref(str, len, sha1, &real_ref);
@@ -306,7 +512,9 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!refs_found)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (warn_ambiguous_refs && refs_found > 1)
+	if (warn_ambiguous_refs && !(flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY) &&
+	    (refs_found > 1 ||
+	     !get_short_sha1(str, len, tmp_sha1, GET_SHA1_QUIETLY)))
 		warning(warn_msg, len, str);
 
 	if (reflog_len) {
@@ -315,10 +523,6 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		unsigned long co_time;
 		int co_tz, co_cnt;
 
-		/* a @{-N} placed anywhere except the start is an error */
-		if (str[at+2] == '-')
-			return -1;
-
 		/* Is it asking for N-th entry, or approxidate? */
 		for (i = nth = 0; 0 <= nth && i < reflog_len; i++) {
 			char ch = str[at+2+i];
@@ -337,17 +541,33 @@ static int get_sha1_basic(const char *str, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 			char *tmp = xstrndup(str + at + 2, reflog_len);
 			at_time = approxidate_careful(tmp, &errors);
 			free(tmp);
-			if (errors)
+			if (errors) {
+				free(real_ref);
 				return -1;
+			}
 		}
-		if (read_ref_at(real_ref, at_time, nth, sha1, NULL,
+		if (read_ref_at(real_ref, flags, at_time, nth, sha1, NULL,
 				&co_time, &co_tz, &co_cnt)) {
-			if (at_time)
-				warning("Log for '%.*s' only goes "
-					"back to %s.", len, str,
-					show_date(co_time, co_tz, DATE_RFC2822));
-			else {
-				free(real_ref);
+			if (!len) {
+				if (starts_with(real_ref, "refs/heads/")) {
+					str = real_ref + 11;
+					len = strlen(real_ref + 11);
+				} else {
+					/* detached HEAD */
+					str = "HEAD";
+					len = 4;
+				}
+			}
+			if (at_time) {
+				if (!(flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY)) {
+					warning("Log for '%.*s' only goes "
+						"back to %s.", len, str,
+						show_date(co_time, co_tz, DATE_RFC2822));
+				}
+			} else {
+				if (flags & GET_SHA1_QUIETLY) {
+					exit(128);
+				}
 				die("Log for '%.*s' only has %d entries.",
 				    len, str, co_cnt);
 			}
@@ -362,15 +582,13 @@ static int get_parent(const char *name, int len,
 		      unsigned char *result, int idx)
 {
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
-	int ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
+	int ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1, GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH);
 	struct commit *commit;
 	struct commit_list *p;
 
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
-	if (!commit)
-		return -1;
 	if (parse_commit(commit))
 		return -1;
 	if (!idx) {
@@ -395,7 +613,7 @@ static int get_nth_ancestor(const char *name, int len,
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int ret;
 
-	ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1);
+	ret = get_sha1_1(name, len, sha1, GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 	commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
@@ -419,7 +637,7 @@ struct object *peel_to_type(const char *name, int namelen,
 	while (1) {
 		if (!o || (!o->parsed && !parse_object(o->sha1)))
 			return NULL;
-		if (o->type == expected_type)
+		if (expected_type == OBJ_ANY || o->type == expected_type)
 			return o;
 		if (o->type == OBJ_TAG)
 			o = ((struct tag*) o)->tagged;
@@ -441,6 +659,7 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	unsigned char outer[20];
 	const char *sp;
 	unsigned int expected_type = 0;
+	unsigned lookup_flags = 0;
 	struct object *o;
 
 	/*
@@ -463,12 +682,16 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 		return -1;
 
 	sp++; /* beginning of type name, or closing brace for empty */
-	if (!strncmp(commit_type, sp, 6) && sp[6] == '}')
+	if (starts_with(sp, "commit}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_COMMIT;
-	else if (!strncmp(tree_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
+	else if (starts_with(sp, "tag}"))
+		expected_type = OBJ_TAG;
+	else if (starts_with(sp, "tree}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_TREE;
-	else if (!strncmp(blob_type, sp, 4) && sp[4] == '}')
+	else if (starts_with(sp, "blob}"))
 		expected_type = OBJ_BLOB;
+	else if (starts_with(sp, "object}"))
+		expected_type = OBJ_ANY;
 	else if (sp[0] == '}')
 		expected_type = OBJ_NONE;
 	else if (sp[0] == '/')
@@ -476,7 +699,12 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	else
 		return -1;
 
-	if (get_sha1_1(name, sp - name - 2, outer))
+	if (expected_type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+		lookup_flags = GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH;
+	else if (expected_type == OBJ_TREE)
+		lookup_flags = GET_SHA1_TREEISH;
+
+	if (get_sha1_1(name, sp - name - 2, outer, lookup_flags))
 		return -1;
 
 	o = parse_object(outer);
@@ -525,24 +753,25 @@ static int peel_onion(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 static int get_describe_name(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	const char *cp;
+	unsigned flags = GET_SHA1_QUIETLY | GET_SHA1_COMMIT;
 
 	for (cp = name + len - 1; name + 2 <= cp; cp--) {
 		char ch = *cp;
-		if (hexval(ch) & ~0377) {
+		if (!isxdigit(ch)) {
 			/* We must be looking at g in "SOMETHING-g"
 			 * for it to be describe output.
 			 */
 			if (ch == 'g' && cp[-1] == '-') {
 				cp++;
 				len -= cp - name;
-				return get_short_sha1(cp, len, sha1, 1);
+				return get_short_sha1(cp, len, sha1, flags);
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
+static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned lookup_flags)
 {
 	int ret, has_suffix;
 	const char *cp;
@@ -578,7 +807,7 @@ static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!ret)
 		return 0;
 
-	ret = get_sha1_basic(name, len, sha1);
+	ret = get_sha1_basic(name, len, sha1, lookup_flags);
 	if (!ret)
 		return 0;
 
@@ -587,7 +816,7 @@ static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!ret)
 		return 0;
 
-	return get_short_sha1(name, len, sha1, 0);
+	return get_short_sha1(name, len, sha1, lookup_flags);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -598,6 +827,8 @@ static int get_sha1_1(const char *name, int len, unsigned char *sha1)
  * For future extension, ':/!' is reserved. If you want to match a message
  * beginning with a '!', you have to repeat the exclamation mark.
  */
+
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define ONELINE_SEEN (1u<<20)
 
 static int handle_one_ref(const char *path,
@@ -614,7 +845,7 @@ static int handle_one_ref(const char *path,
 	}
 	if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
 		return 0;
-	commit_list_insert_by_date((struct commit *)object, list);
+	commit_list_insert((struct commit *)object, list);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -639,27 +870,17 @@ static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *prefix, unsigned char *sha1,
 		commit_list_insert(l->item, &backup);
 	}
 	while (list) {
-		char *p, *to_free = NULL;
+		const char *p, *buf;
 		struct commit *commit;
-		enum object_type type;
-		unsigned long size;
 		int matches;
 
 		commit = pop_most_recent_commit(&list, ONELINE_SEEN);
 		if (!parse_object(commit->object.sha1))
 			continue;
-		if (commit->buffer)
-			p = commit->buffer;
-		else {
-			p = read_sha1_file(commit->object.sha1, &type, &size);
-			if (!p)
-				continue;
-			to_free = p;
-		}
-
-		p = strstr(p, "\n\n");
+		buf = get_commit_buffer(commit, NULL);
+		p = strstr(buf, "\n\n");
 		matches = p && !regexec(&regex, p + 2, 0, NULL, 0);
-		free(to_free);
+		unuse_commit_buffer(commit, buf);
 
 		if (matches) {
 			hashcpy(sha1, commit->object.sha1);
@@ -676,8 +897,8 @@ static int get_sha1_oneline(const char *prefix, unsigned char *sha1,
 }
 
 struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata {
-	long cnt, alloc;
-	struct strbuf *buf;
+	int remaining;
+	struct strbuf buf;
 };
 
 static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
@@ -687,20 +908,18 @@ static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
 	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
 	const char *match = NULL, *target = NULL;
 	size_t len;
-	int nth;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(message, "checkout: moving from ")) {
-		match = message + strlen("checkout: moving from ");
+	if (skip_prefix(message, "checkout: moving from ", &match))
 		target = strstr(match, " to ");
-	}
 
 	if (!match || !target)
 		return 0;
-
-	len = target - match;
-	nth = cb->cnt++ % cb->alloc;
-	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf[nth]);
-	strbuf_add(&cb->buf[nth], match, len);
+	if (--(cb->remaining) == 0) {
+		len = target - match;
+		strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+		strbuf_add(&cb->buf, match, len);
+		return 1; /* we are done */
+	}
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -708,47 +927,38 @@ static int grab_nth_branch_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
  * Parse @{-N} syntax, return the number of characters parsed
  * if successful; otherwise signal an error with negative value.
  */
-static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
+static int interpret_nth_prior_checkout(const char *name, int namelen,
+					struct strbuf *buf)
 {
 	long nth;
-	int i, retval;
+	int retval;
 	struct grab_nth_branch_switch_cbdata cb;
 	const char *brace;
 	char *num_end;
 
+	if (namelen < 4)
+		return -1;
 	if (name[0] != '@' || name[1] != '{' || name[2] != '-')
 		return -1;
-	brace = strchr(name, '}');
+	brace = memchr(name, '}', namelen);
 	if (!brace)
 		return -1;
-	nth = strtol(name+3, &num_end, 10);
+	nth = strtol(name + 3, &num_end, 10);
 	if (num_end != brace)
 		return -1;
 	if (nth <= 0)
 		return -1;
-	cb.alloc = nth;
-	cb.buf = xmalloc(nth * sizeof(struct strbuf));
-	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
-		strbuf_init(&cb.buf[i], 20);
-	cb.cnt = 0;
+	cb.remaining = nth;
+	strbuf_init(&cb.buf, 20);
+
 	retval = 0;
-	for_each_recent_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, 40960, &cb);
-	if (cb.cnt < nth) {
-		cb.cnt = 0;
-		for_each_reflog_ent("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb);
+	if (0 < for_each_reflog_ent_reverse("HEAD", grab_nth_branch_switch, &cb)) {
+		strbuf_reset(buf);
+		strbuf_addbuf(buf, &cb.buf);
+		retval = brace - name + 1;
 	}
-	if (cb.cnt < nth)
-		goto release_return;
-	i = cb.cnt % nth;
-	strbuf_reset(buf);
-	strbuf_add(buf, cb.buf[i].buf, cb.buf[i].len);
-	retval = brace-name+1;
-
-release_return:
-	for (i = 0; i < nth; i++)
-		strbuf_release(&cb.buf[i]);
-	free(cb.buf);
 
+	strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
 	return retval;
 }
 
@@ -769,7 +979,7 @@ int get_sha1_mb(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 		struct strbuf sb;
 		strbuf_init(&sb, dots - name);
 		strbuf_add(&sb, name, dots - name);
-		st = get_sha1(sb.buf, sha1_tmp);
+		st = get_sha1_committish(sb.buf, sha1_tmp);
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 	}
 	if (st)
@@ -778,12 +988,12 @@ int get_sha1_mb(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!one)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (get_sha1(dots[3] ? (dots + 3) : "HEAD", sha1_tmp))
+	if (get_sha1_committish(dots[3] ? (dots + 3) : "HEAD", sha1_tmp))
 		return -1;
 	two = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1_tmp, 0);
 	if (!two)
 		return -1;
-	mbs = get_merge_bases(one, two, 1);
+	mbs = get_merge_bases(one, two);
 	if (!mbs || mbs->next)
 		st = -1;
 	else {
@@ -794,6 +1004,100 @@ int get_sha1_mb(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 	return st;
 }
 
+/* parse @something syntax, when 'something' is not {.*} */
+static int interpret_empty_at(const char *name, int namelen, int len, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	const char *next;
+
+	if (len || name[1] == '{')
+		return -1;
+
+	/* make sure it's a single @, or @@{.*}, not @foo */
+	next = memchr(name + len + 1, '@', namelen - len - 1);
+	if (next && next[1] != '{')
+		return -1;
+	if (!next)
+		next = name + namelen;
+	if (next != name + 1)
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_add(buf, "HEAD", 4);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int reinterpret(const char *name, int namelen, int len, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	/* we have extra data, which might need further processing */
+	struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int used = buf->len;
+	int ret;
+
+	strbuf_add(buf, name + len, namelen - len);
+	ret = interpret_branch_name(buf->buf, buf->len, &tmp);
+	/* that data was not interpreted, remove our cruft */
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		strbuf_setlen(buf, used);
+		return len;
+	}
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addbuf(buf, &tmp);
+	strbuf_release(&tmp);
+	/* tweak for size of {-N} versus expanded ref name */
+	return ret - used + len;
+}
+
+static void set_shortened_ref(struct strbuf *buf, const char *ref)
+{
+	char *s = shorten_unambiguous_ref(ref, 0);
+	strbuf_reset(buf);
+	strbuf_addstr(buf, s);
+	free(s);
+}
+
+static const char *get_upstream_branch(const char *branch_buf, int len)
+{
+	char *branch = xstrndup(branch_buf, len);
+	struct branch *upstream = branch_get(*branch ? branch : NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * Upstream can be NULL only if branch refers to HEAD and HEAD
+	 * points to something different than a branch.
+	 */
+	if (!upstream)
+		die(_("HEAD does not point to a branch"));
+	if (!upstream->merge || !upstream->merge[0]->dst) {
+		if (!ref_exists(upstream->refname))
+			die(_("No such branch: '%s'"), branch);
+		if (!upstream->merge) {
+			die(_("No upstream configured for branch '%s'"),
+				upstream->name);
+		}
+		die(
+			_("Upstream branch '%s' not stored as a remote-tracking branch"),
+			upstream->merge[0]->src);
+	}
+	free(branch);
+
+	return upstream->merge[0]->dst;
+}
+
+static int interpret_upstream_mark(const char *name, int namelen,
+				   int at, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	int len;
+
+	len = upstream_mark(name + at, namelen - at);
+	if (!len)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (memchr(name, ':', at))
+		return -1;
+
+	set_shortened_ref(buf, get_upstream_branch(name, at));
+	return len + at;
+}
+
 /*
  * This reads short-hand syntax that not only evaluates to a commit
  * object name, but also can act as if the end user spelled the name
@@ -815,65 +1119,50 @@ int get_sha1_mb(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
  * If the input was ok but there are not N branch switches in the
  * reflog, it returns 0.
  */
-int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, struct strbuf *buf)
+int interpret_branch_name(const char *name, int namelen, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
-	char *cp;
-	struct branch *upstream;
-	int namelen = strlen(name);
-	int len = interpret_nth_prior_checkout(name, buf);
-	int tmp_len;
+	char *at;
+	const char *start;
+	int len = interpret_nth_prior_checkout(name, namelen, buf);
 
-	if (!len)
+	if (!namelen)
+		namelen = strlen(name);
+
+	if (!len) {
 		return len; /* syntax Ok, not enough switches */
-	if (0 < len && len == namelen)
-		return len; /* consumed all */
-	else if (0 < len) {
-		/* we have extra data, which might need further processing */
-		struct strbuf tmp = STRBUF_INIT;
-		int used = buf->len;
-		int ret;
+	} else if (len > 0) {
+		if (len == namelen)
+			return len; /* consumed all */
+		else
+			return reinterpret(name, namelen, len, buf);
+	}
+
+	for (start = name;
+	     (at = memchr(start, '@', namelen - (start - name)));
+	     start = at + 1) {
+
+		len = interpret_empty_at(name, namelen, at - name, buf);
+		if (len > 0)
+			return reinterpret(name, namelen, len, buf);
 
-		strbuf_add(buf, name + len, namelen - len);
-		ret = interpret_branch_name(buf->buf, &tmp);
-		/* that data was not interpreted, remove our cruft */
-		if (ret < 0) {
-			strbuf_setlen(buf, used);
+		len = interpret_upstream_mark(name, namelen, at - name, buf);
+		if (len > 0)
 			return len;
-		}
-		strbuf_reset(buf);
-		strbuf_addbuf(buf, &tmp);
-		strbuf_release(&tmp);
-		/* tweak for size of {-N} versus expanded ref name */
-		return ret - used + len;
 	}
 
-	cp = strchr(name, '@');
-	if (!cp)
-		return -1;
-	tmp_len = upstream_mark(cp, namelen - (cp - name));
-	if (!tmp_len)
-		return -1;
-	len = cp + tmp_len - name;
-	cp = xstrndup(name, cp - name);
-	upstream = branch_get(*cp ? cp : NULL);
-	if (!upstream
-	    || !upstream->merge
-	    || !upstream->merge[0]->dst)
-		return error("No upstream branch found for '%s'", cp);
-	free(cp);
-	cp = shorten_unambiguous_ref(upstream->merge[0]->dst, 0);
-	strbuf_reset(buf);
-	strbuf_addstr(buf, cp);
-	free(cp);
-	return len;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
 {
 	int len = strlen(name);
-	if (interpret_branch_name(name, sb) == len)
+	int used = interpret_branch_name(name, len, sb);
+
+	if (used == len)
 		return 0;
-	strbuf_add(sb, name, len);
+	if (used < 0)
+		used = 0;
+	strbuf_add(sb, name + used, len - used);
 	return len;
 }
 
@@ -893,14 +1182,60 @@ int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name)
 int get_sha1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object_context unused;
-	return get_sha1_with_context(name, sha1, &unused);
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, 0, sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Many callers know that the user meant to name a commit-ish by
+ * syntactical positions where the object name appears.  Calling this
+ * function allows the machinery to disambiguate shorter-than-unique
+ * abbreviated object names between commit-ish and others.
+ *
+ * Note that this does NOT error out when the named object is not a
+ * commit-ish. It is merely to give a hint to the disambiguation
+ * machinery.
+ */
+int get_sha1_committish(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_COMMITTISH,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_treeish(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_TREEISH,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_commit(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_COMMIT,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_tree(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_TREE,
+				     sha1, &unused);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_blob(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object_context unused;
+	return get_sha1_with_context(name, GET_SHA1_BLOB,
+				     sha1, &unused);
 }
 
 /* Must be called only when object_name:filename doesn't exist. */
 static void diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(const char *prefix,
 				       const char *filename,
 				       const unsigned char *tree_sha1,
-				       const char *object_name)
+				       const char *object_name,
+				       int object_name_len)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
@@ -910,27 +1245,24 @@ static void diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(const char *prefix,
 		prefix = "";
 
 	if (!lstat(filename, &st))
-		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%s'.",
-		    filename, object_name);
+		die("Path '%s' exists on disk, but not in '%.*s'.",
+		    filename, object_name_len, object_name);
 	if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR) {
-		char *fullname = xmalloc(strlen(filename)
-					     + strlen(prefix) + 1);
-		strcpy(fullname, prefix);
-		strcat(fullname, filename);
+		char *fullname = xstrfmt("%s%s", prefix, filename);
 
 		if (!get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, fullname,
 				    sha1, &mode)) {
 			die("Path '%s' exists, but not '%s'.\n"
-			    "Did you mean '%s:%s' aka '%s:./%s'?",
+			    "Did you mean '%.*s:%s' aka '%.*s:./%s'?",
 			    fullname,
 			    filename,
-			    object_name,
+			    object_name_len, object_name,
 			    fullname,
-			    object_name,
+			    object_name_len, object_name,
 			    filename);
 		}
-		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%s'",
-		    filename, object_name);
+		die("Path '%s' does not exist in '%.*s'",
+		    filename, object_name_len, object_name);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -940,7 +1272,7 @@ static void diagnose_invalid_index_path(int stage,
 					const char *filename)
 {
 	struct stat st;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 	int pos;
 	unsigned namelen = strlen(filename);
 	unsigned fullnamelen;
@@ -992,19 +1324,9 @@ static void diagnose_invalid_index_path(int stage,
 }
 
 
-int get_sha1_with_mode_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1, unsigned *mode,
-			 int only_to_die, const char *prefix)
-{
-	struct object_context oc;
-	int ret;
-	ret = get_sha1_with_context_1(name, sha1, &oc, only_to_die, prefix);
-	*mode = oc.mode;
-	return ret;
-}
-
 static char *resolve_relative_path(const char *rel)
 {
-	if (prefixcmp(rel, "./") && prefixcmp(rel, "../"))
+	if (!starts_with(rel, "./") && !starts_with(rel, "../"))
 		return NULL;
 
 	if (!startup_info)
@@ -1019,20 +1341,24 @@ static char *resolve_relative_path(const char *rel)
 			   rel);
 }
 
-int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
-			    struct object_context *oc,
-			    int only_to_die, const char *prefix)
+static int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name,
+				   unsigned flags,
+				   const char *prefix,
+				   unsigned char *sha1,
+				   struct object_context *oc)
 {
 	int ret, bracket_depth;
 	int namelen = strlen(name);
 	const char *cp;
+	int only_to_die = flags & GET_SHA1_ONLY_TO_DIE;
 
 	memset(oc, 0, sizeof(*oc));
 	oc->mode = S_IFINVALID;
-	ret = get_sha1_1(name, namelen, sha1);
+	ret = get_sha1_1(name, namelen, sha1, flags);
 	if (!ret)
 		return ret;
-	/* sha1:path --> object name of path in ent sha1
+	/*
+	 * sha1:path --> object name of path in ent sha1
 	 * :path -> object name of absolute path in index
 	 * :./path -> object name of path relative to cwd in index
 	 * :[0-3]:path -> object name of path in index at stage
@@ -1040,12 +1366,13 @@ int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
 	 */
 	if (name[0] == ':') {
 		int stage = 0;
-		struct cache_entry *ce;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce;
 		char *new_path = NULL;
 		int pos;
 		if (!only_to_die && namelen > 2 && name[1] == '/') {
 			struct commit_list *list = NULL;
 			for_each_ref(handle_one_ref, &list);
+			commit_list_sort_by_date(&list);
 			return get_sha1_oneline(name + 2, sha1, list);
 		}
 		if (namelen < 3 ||
@@ -1064,9 +1391,7 @@ int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
 			namelen = strlen(cp);
 		}
 
-		strncpy(oc->path, cp,
-			sizeof(oc->path));
-		oc->path[sizeof(oc->path)-1] = '\0';
+		strlcpy(oc->path, cp, sizeof(oc->path));
 
 		if (!active_cache)
 			read_cache();
@@ -1101,13 +1426,8 @@ int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
 	}
 	if (*cp == ':') {
 		unsigned char tree_sha1[20];
-		char *object_name = NULL;
-		if (only_to_die) {
-			object_name = xmalloc(cp-name+1);
-			strncpy(object_name, name, cp-name);
-			object_name[cp-name] = '\0';
-		}
-		if (!get_sha1_1(name, cp-name, tree_sha1)) {
+		int len = cp - name;
+		if (!get_sha1_1(name, len, tree_sha1, GET_SHA1_TREEISH)) {
 			const char *filename = cp+1;
 			char *new_filename = NULL;
 
@@ -1115,22 +1435,39 @@ int get_sha1_with_context_1(const char *name, unsigned char *sha1,
 			if (new_filename)
 				filename = new_filename;
 			ret = get_tree_entry(tree_sha1, filename, sha1, &oc->mode);
-			if (only_to_die) {
+			if (ret && only_to_die) {
 				diagnose_invalid_sha1_path(prefix, filename,
-							   tree_sha1, object_name);
-				free(object_name);
+							   tree_sha1,
+							   name, len);
 			}
 			hashcpy(oc->tree, tree_sha1);
-			strncpy(oc->path, filename,
-				sizeof(oc->path));
-			oc->path[sizeof(oc->path)-1] = '\0';
+			strlcpy(oc->path, filename, sizeof(oc->path));
 
 			free(new_filename);
 			return ret;
 		} else {
 			if (only_to_die)
-				die("Invalid object name '%s'.", object_name);
+				die("Invalid object name '%.*s'.", len, name);
 		}
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Call this function when you know "name" given by the end user must
+ * name an object but it doesn't; the function _may_ die with a better
+ * diagnostic message than "no such object 'name'", e.g. "Path 'doc' does not
+ * exist in 'HEAD'" when given "HEAD:doc", or it may return in which case
+ * you have a chance to diagnose the error further.
+ */
+void maybe_die_on_misspelt_object_name(const char *name, const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct object_context oc;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	get_sha1_with_context_1(name, GET_SHA1_ONLY_TO_DIE, prefix, sha1, &oc);
+}
+
+int get_sha1_with_context(const char *str, unsigned flags, unsigned char *sha1, struct object_context *orc)
+{
+	return get_sha1_with_context_1(str, flags, NULL, sha1, orc);
+}
diff --git a/shallow.c b/shallow.c
index a0363dea20..d8bf40ad4b 100644
--- a/shallow.c
+++ b/shallow.c
@@ -1,8 +1,29 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "tag.h"
+#include "pkt-line.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "refs.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+#include "commit-slab.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 static int is_shallow = -1;
+static struct stat_validity shallow_stat;
+static char *alternate_shallow_file;
+
+void set_alternate_shallow_file(const char *path, int override)
+{
+	if (is_shallow != -1)
+		die("BUG: is_repository_shallow must not be called before set_alternate_shallow_file");
+	if (alternate_shallow_file && !override)
+		return;
+	free(alternate_shallow_file);
+	alternate_shallow_file = xstrdup_or_null(path);
+}
 
 int register_shallow(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
@@ -21,15 +42,24 @@ int is_repository_shallow(void)
 {
 	FILE *fp;
 	char buf[1024];
+	const char *path = alternate_shallow_file;
 
 	if (is_shallow >= 0)
 		return is_shallow;
 
-	fp = fopen(git_path("shallow"), "r");
-	if (!fp) {
+	if (!path)
+		path = git_path("shallow");
+	/*
+	 * fetch-pack sets '--shallow-file ""' as an indicator that no
+	 * shallow file should be used. We could just open it and it
+	 * will likely fail. But let's do an explicit check instead.
+	 */
+	if (!*path || (fp = fopen(path, "r")) == NULL) {
+		stat_validity_clear(&shallow_stat);
 		is_shallow = 0;
 		return is_shallow;
 	}
+	stat_validity_update(&shallow_stat, fileno(fp));
 	is_shallow = 1;
 
 	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp)) {
@@ -49,6 +79,7 @@ struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 	struct commit_list *result = NULL;
 	struct object_array stack = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct commit *commit = NULL;
+	struct commit_graft *graft;
 
 	while (commit || i < heads->nr || stack.nr) {
 		struct commit_list *p;
@@ -70,10 +101,18 @@ struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 				cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
 			}
 		}
-		if (parse_commit(commit))
-			die("invalid commit");
-		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
+		parse_commit_or_die(commit);
 		cur_depth++;
+		if ((depth != INFINITE_DEPTH && cur_depth >= depth) ||
+		    (is_repository_shallow() && !commit->parents &&
+		     (graft = lookup_commit_graft(commit->object.sha1)) != NULL &&
+		     graft->nr_parent < 0)) {
+			commit_list_insert(commit, &result);
+			commit->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
+			commit = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+		commit->object.flags |= not_shallow_flag;
 		for (p = commit->parents, commit = NULL; p; p = p->next) {
 			if (!p->item->util) {
 				int *pointer = xmalloc(sizeof(int));
@@ -85,20 +124,567 @@ struct commit_list *get_shallow_commits(struct object_array *heads, int depth,
 					continue;
 				*pointer = cur_depth;
 			}
-			if (cur_depth < depth) {
-				if (p->next)
-					add_object_array(&p->item->object,
-							NULL, &stack);
-				else {
-					commit = p->item;
-					cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
-				}
-			} else {
-				commit_list_insert(p->item, &result);
-				p->item->object.flags |= shallow_flag;
+			if (p->next)
+				add_object_array(&p->item->object,
+						NULL, &stack);
+			else {
+				commit = p->item;
+				cur_depth = *(int *)commit->util;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	return result;
 }
+
+static void check_shallow_file_for_update(void)
+{
+	if (is_shallow == -1)
+		die("BUG: shallow must be initialized by now");
+
+	if (!stat_validity_check(&shallow_stat, git_path("shallow")))
+		die("shallow file has changed since we read it");
+}
+
+#define SEEN_ONLY 1
+#define VERBOSE   2
+
+struct write_shallow_data {
+	struct strbuf *out;
+	int use_pack_protocol;
+	int count;
+	unsigned flags;
+};
+
+static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct write_shallow_data *data = cb_data;
+	const char *hex = sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1);
+	if (graft->nr_parent != -1)
+		return 0;
+	if (data->flags & SEEN_ONLY) {
+		struct commit *c = lookup_commit(graft->sha1);
+		if (!c || !(c->object.flags & SEEN)) {
+			if (data->flags & VERBOSE)
+				printf("Removing %s from .git/shallow\n",
+				       sha1_to_hex(c->object.sha1));
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	data->count++;
+	if (data->use_pack_protocol)
+		packet_buf_write(data->out, "shallow %s", hex);
+	else {
+		strbuf_addstr(data->out, hex);
+		strbuf_addch(data->out, '\n');
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_shallow_commits_1(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol,
+				   const struct sha1_array *extra,
+				   unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct write_shallow_data data;
+	int i;
+	data.out = out;
+	data.use_pack_protocol = use_pack_protocol;
+	data.count = 0;
+	data.flags = flags;
+	for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, &data);
+	if (!extra)
+		return data.count;
+	for (i = 0; i < extra->nr; i++) {
+		strbuf_addstr(out, sha1_to_hex(extra->sha1[i]));
+		strbuf_addch(out, '\n');
+		data.count++;
+	}
+	return data.count;
+}
+
+int write_shallow_commits(struct strbuf *out, int use_pack_protocol,
+			  const struct sha1_array *extra)
+{
+	return write_shallow_commits_1(out, use_pack_protocol, extra, 0);
+}
+
+static struct strbuf temporary_shallow = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+static void remove_temporary_shallow(void)
+{
+	if (temporary_shallow.len) {
+		unlink_or_warn(temporary_shallow.buf);
+		strbuf_reset(&temporary_shallow);
+	}
+}
+
+static void remove_temporary_shallow_on_signal(int signo)
+{
+	remove_temporary_shallow();
+	sigchain_pop(signo);
+	raise(signo);
+}
+
+const char *setup_temporary_shallow(const struct sha1_array *extra)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (temporary_shallow.len)
+		die("BUG: attempt to create two temporary shallow files");
+
+	if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0, extra)) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&temporary_shallow, git_path("shallow_XXXXXX"));
+		fd = xmkstemp(temporary_shallow.buf);
+
+		atexit(remove_temporary_shallow);
+		sigchain_push_common(remove_temporary_shallow_on_signal);
+
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
+				  temporary_shallow.buf);
+		close(fd);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return temporary_shallow.buf;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no shallow
+	 * file".
+	 */
+	return temporary_shallow.buf;
+}
+
+void setup_alternate_shallow(struct lock_file *shallow_lock,
+			     const char **alternate_shallow_file,
+			     const struct sha1_array *extra)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(shallow_lock, git_path("shallow"),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	check_shallow_file_for_update();
+	if (write_shallow_commits(&sb, 0, extra)) {
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
+				  shallow_lock->filename.buf);
+		*alternate_shallow_file = shallow_lock->filename.buf;
+	} else
+		/*
+		 * is_repository_shallow() sees empty string as "no
+		 * shallow file".
+		 */
+		*alternate_shallow_file = "";
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static int advertise_shallow_grafts_cb(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb)
+{
+	int fd = *(int *)cb;
+	if (graft->nr_parent == -1)
+		packet_write(fd, "shallow %s\n", sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void advertise_shallow_grafts(int fd)
+{
+	if (!is_repository_shallow())
+		return;
+	for_each_commit_graft(advertise_shallow_grafts_cb, &fd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * mark_reachable_objects() should have been run prior to this and all
+ * reachable commits marked as "SEEN".
+ */
+void prune_shallow(int show_only)
+{
+	static struct lock_file shallow_lock;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int fd;
+
+	if (show_only) {
+		write_shallow_commits_1(&sb, 0, NULL, SEEN_ONLY | VERBOSE);
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return;
+	}
+	fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&shallow_lock, git_path("shallow"),
+				       LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
+	check_shallow_file_for_update();
+	if (write_shallow_commits_1(&sb, 0, NULL, SEEN_ONLY)) {
+		if (write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len) != sb.len)
+			die_errno("failed to write to %s",
+				  shallow_lock.filename.buf);
+		commit_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+	} else {
+		unlink(git_path("shallow"));
+		rollback_lock_file(&shallow_lock);
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+struct trace_key trace_shallow = TRACE_KEY_INIT(SHALLOW);
+
+/*
+ * Step 1, split sender shallow commits into "ours" and "theirs"
+ * Step 2, clean "ours" based on .git/shallow
+ */
+void prepare_shallow_info(struct shallow_info *info, struct sha1_array *sa)
+{
+	int i;
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: prepare_shallow_info\n");
+	memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
+	info->shallow = sa;
+	if (!sa)
+		return;
+	info->ours = xmalloc(sizeof(*info->ours) * sa->nr);
+	info->theirs = xmalloc(sizeof(*info->theirs) * sa->nr);
+	for (i = 0; i < sa->nr; i++) {
+		if (has_sha1_file(sa->sha1[i])) {
+			struct commit_graft *graft;
+			graft = lookup_commit_graft(sa->sha1[i]);
+			if (graft && graft->nr_parent < 0)
+				continue;
+			info->ours[info->nr_ours++] = i;
+		} else
+			info->theirs[info->nr_theirs++] = i;
+	}
+}
+
+void clear_shallow_info(struct shallow_info *info)
+{
+	free(info->ours);
+	free(info->theirs);
+}
+
+/* Step 4, remove non-existent ones in "theirs" after getting the pack */
+
+void remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow(struct shallow_info *info)
+{
+	unsigned char (*sha1)[20] = info->shallow->sha1;
+	int i, dst;
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: remove_nonexistent_theirs_shallow\n");
+	for (i = dst = 0; i < info->nr_theirs; i++) {
+		if (i != dst)
+			info->theirs[dst] = info->theirs[i];
+		if (has_sha1_file(sha1[info->theirs[i]]))
+			dst++;
+	}
+	info->nr_theirs = dst;
+}
+
+define_commit_slab(ref_bitmap, uint32_t *);
+
+struct paint_info {
+	struct ref_bitmap ref_bitmap;
+	unsigned nr_bits;
+	char **slab;
+	char *free, *end;
+	unsigned slab_count;
+};
+
+static uint32_t *paint_alloc(struct paint_info *info)
+{
+	unsigned nr = (info->nr_bits + 31) / 32;
+	unsigned size = nr * sizeof(uint32_t);
+	void *p;
+	if (!info->slab_count || info->free + size > info->end) {
+		info->slab_count++;
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(info->slab, info->slab_count);
+		info->free = xmalloc(COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE);
+		info->slab[info->slab_count - 1] = info->free;
+		info->end = info->free + COMMIT_SLAB_SIZE;
+	}
+	p = info->free;
+	info->free += size;
+	return p;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Given a commit SHA-1, walk down to parents until either SEEN,
+ * UNINTERESTING or BOTTOM is hit. Set the id-th bit in ref_bitmap for
+ * all walked commits.
+ */
+static void paint_down(struct paint_info *info, const unsigned char *sha1,
+		       int id)
+{
+	unsigned int i, nr;
+	struct commit_list *head = NULL;
+	int bitmap_nr = (info->nr_bits + 31) / 32;
+	int bitmap_size = bitmap_nr * sizeof(uint32_t);
+	uint32_t *tmp = xmalloc(bitmap_size); /* to be freed before return */
+	uint32_t *bitmap = paint_alloc(info);
+	struct commit *c = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (!c)
+		return;
+	memset(bitmap, 0, bitmap_size);
+	bitmap[id / 32] |= (1 << (id % 32));
+	commit_list_insert(c, &head);
+	while (head) {
+		struct commit_list *p;
+		struct commit *c = head->item;
+		uint32_t **refs = ref_bitmap_at(&info->ref_bitmap, c);
+
+		p = head;
+		head = head->next;
+		free(p);
+
+		/* XXX check "UNINTERESTING" from pack bitmaps if available */
+		if (c->object.flags & (SEEN | UNINTERESTING))
+			continue;
+		else
+			c->object.flags |= SEEN;
+
+		if (*refs == NULL)
+			*refs = bitmap;
+		else {
+			memcpy(tmp, *refs, bitmap_size);
+			for (i = 0; i < bitmap_nr; i++)
+				tmp[i] |= bitmap[i];
+			if (memcmp(tmp, *refs, bitmap_size)) {
+				*refs = paint_alloc(info);
+				memcpy(*refs, tmp, bitmap_size);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (c->object.flags & BOTTOM)
+			continue;
+
+		if (parse_commit(c))
+			die("unable to parse commit %s",
+			    sha1_to_hex(c->object.sha1));
+
+		for (p = c->parents; p; p = p->next) {
+			uint32_t **p_refs = ref_bitmap_at(&info->ref_bitmap,
+							  p->item);
+			if (p->item->object.flags & SEEN)
+				continue;
+			if (*p_refs == NULL || *p_refs == *refs)
+				*p_refs = *refs;
+			commit_list_insert(p->item, &head);
+		}
+	}
+
+	nr = get_max_object_index();
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		struct object *o = get_indexed_object(i);
+		if (o && o->type == OBJ_COMMIT)
+			o->flags &= ~SEEN;
+	}
+
+	free(tmp);
+}
+
+static int mark_uninteresting(const char *refname,
+			      const unsigned char *sha1,
+			      int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (!commit)
+		return 0;
+	commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
+	mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void post_assign_shallow(struct shallow_info *info,
+				struct ref_bitmap *ref_bitmap,
+				int *ref_status);
+/*
+ * Step 6(+7), associate shallow commits with new refs
+ *
+ * info->ref must be initialized before calling this function.
+ *
+ * If used is not NULL, it's an array of info->shallow->nr
+ * bitmaps. The n-th bit set in the m-th bitmap if ref[n] needs the
+ * m-th shallow commit from info->shallow.
+ *
+ * If used is NULL, "ours" and "theirs" are updated. And if ref_status
+ * is not NULL it's an array of ref->nr ints. ref_status[i] is true if
+ * the ref needs some shallow commits from either info->ours or
+ * info->theirs.
+ */
+void assign_shallow_commits_to_refs(struct shallow_info *info,
+				    uint32_t **used, int *ref_status)
+{
+	unsigned char (*sha1)[20] = info->shallow->sha1;
+	struct sha1_array *ref = info->ref;
+	unsigned int i, nr;
+	int *shallow, nr_shallow = 0;
+	struct paint_info pi;
+
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: assign_shallow_commits_to_refs\n");
+	shallow = xmalloc(sizeof(*shallow) * (info->nr_ours + info->nr_theirs));
+	for (i = 0; i < info->nr_ours; i++)
+		shallow[nr_shallow++] = info->ours[i];
+	for (i = 0; i < info->nr_theirs; i++)
+		shallow[nr_shallow++] = info->theirs[i];
+
+	/*
+	 * Prepare the commit graph to track what refs can reach what
+	 * (new) shallow commits.
+	 */
+	nr = get_max_object_index();
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		struct object *o = get_indexed_object(i);
+		if (!o || o->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+			continue;
+
+		o->flags &= ~(UNINTERESTING | BOTTOM | SEEN);
+	}
+
+	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
+	init_ref_bitmap(&pi.ref_bitmap);
+	pi.nr_bits = ref->nr;
+
+	/*
+	 * "--not --all" to cut short the traversal if new refs
+	 * connect to old refs. If not (e.g. force ref updates) it'll
+	 * have to go down to the current shallow commits.
+	 */
+	head_ref(mark_uninteresting, NULL);
+	for_each_ref(mark_uninteresting, NULL);
+
+	/* Mark potential bottoms so we won't go out of bound */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_shallow; i++) {
+		struct commit *c = lookup_commit(sha1[shallow[i]]);
+		c->object.flags |= BOTTOM;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ref->nr; i++)
+		paint_down(&pi, ref->sha1[i], i);
+
+	if (used) {
+		int bitmap_size = ((pi.nr_bits + 31) / 32) * sizeof(uint32_t);
+		memset(used, 0, sizeof(*used) * info->shallow->nr);
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_shallow; i++) {
+			const struct commit *c = lookup_commit(sha1[shallow[i]]);
+			uint32_t **map = ref_bitmap_at(&pi.ref_bitmap, c);
+			if (*map)
+				used[shallow[i]] = xmemdupz(*map, bitmap_size);
+		}
+		/*
+		 * unreachable shallow commits are not removed from
+		 * "ours" and "theirs". The user is supposed to run
+		 * step 7 on every ref separately and not trust "ours"
+		 * and "theirs" any more.
+		 */
+	} else
+		post_assign_shallow(info, &pi.ref_bitmap, ref_status);
+
+	clear_ref_bitmap(&pi.ref_bitmap);
+	for (i = 0; i < pi.slab_count; i++)
+		free(pi.slab[i]);
+	free(pi.slab);
+	free(shallow);
+}
+
+struct commit_array {
+	struct commit **commits;
+	int nr, alloc;
+};
+
+static int add_ref(const char *refname,
+		   const unsigned char *sha1, int flags, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct commit_array *ca = cb_data;
+	ALLOC_GROW(ca->commits, ca->nr + 1, ca->alloc);
+	ca->commits[ca->nr] = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
+	if (ca->commits[ca->nr])
+		ca->nr++;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void update_refstatus(int *ref_status, int nr, uint32_t *bitmap)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (!ref_status)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
+		if (bitmap[i / 32] & (1 << (i % 32)))
+			ref_status[i]++;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Step 7, reachability test on "ours" at commit level
+ */
+static void post_assign_shallow(struct shallow_info *info,
+				struct ref_bitmap *ref_bitmap,
+				int *ref_status)
+{
+	unsigned char (*sha1)[20] = info->shallow->sha1;
+	struct commit *c;
+	uint32_t **bitmap;
+	int dst, i, j;
+	int bitmap_nr = (info->ref->nr + 31) / 32;
+	struct commit_array ca;
+
+	trace_printf_key(&trace_shallow, "shallow: post_assign_shallow\n");
+	if (ref_status)
+		memset(ref_status, 0, sizeof(*ref_status) * info->ref->nr);
+
+	/* Remove unreachable shallow commits from "theirs" */
+	for (i = dst = 0; i < info->nr_theirs; i++) {
+		if (i != dst)
+			info->theirs[dst] = info->theirs[i];
+		c = lookup_commit(sha1[info->theirs[i]]);
+		bitmap = ref_bitmap_at(ref_bitmap, c);
+		if (!*bitmap)
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < bitmap_nr; j++)
+			if (bitmap[0][j]) {
+				update_refstatus(ref_status, info->ref->nr, *bitmap);
+				dst++;
+				break;
+			}
+	}
+	info->nr_theirs = dst;
+
+	memset(&ca, 0, sizeof(ca));
+	head_ref(add_ref, &ca);
+	for_each_ref(add_ref, &ca);
+
+	/* Remove unreachable shallow commits from "ours" */
+	for (i = dst = 0; i < info->nr_ours; i++) {
+		if (i != dst)
+			info->ours[dst] = info->ours[i];
+		c = lookup_commit(sha1[info->ours[i]]);
+		bitmap = ref_bitmap_at(ref_bitmap, c);
+		if (!*bitmap)
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < bitmap_nr; j++)
+			if (bitmap[0][j] &&
+			    /* Step 7, reachability test at commit level */
+			    !in_merge_bases_many(c, ca.nr, ca.commits)) {
+				update_refstatus(ref_status, info->ref->nr, *bitmap);
+				dst++;
+				break;
+			}
+	}
+	info->nr_ours = dst;
+
+	free(ca.commits);
+}
+
+/* (Delayed) step 7, reachability test at commit level */
+int delayed_reachability_test(struct shallow_info *si, int c)
+{
+	if (si->need_reachability_test[c]) {
+		struct commit *commit = lookup_commit(si->shallow->sha1[c]);
+
+		if (!si->commits) {
+			struct commit_array ca;
+			memset(&ca, 0, sizeof(ca));
+			head_ref(add_ref, &ca);
+			for_each_ref(add_ref, &ca);
+			si->commits = ca.commits;
+			si->nr_commits = ca.nr;
+		}
+
+		si->reachable[c] = in_merge_bases_many(commit,
+						       si->nr_commits,
+						       si->commits);
+		si->need_reachability_test[c] = 0;
+	}
+	return si->reachable[c];
+}
diff --git a/shell.c b/shell.c
index 84b237fef3..ace62e4b65 100644
--- a/shell.c
+++ b/shell.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #define COMMAND_DIR "git-shell-commands"
 #define HELP_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/help"
+#define NOLOGIN_COMMAND COMMAND_DIR "/no-interactive-login"
 
 static int do_generic_cmd(const char *me, char *arg)
 {
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ static int do_generic_cmd(const char *me, char *arg)
 	setup_path();
 	if (!arg || !(arg = sq_dequote(arg)))
 		die("bad argument");
-	if (prefixcmp(me, "git-"))
+	if (!starts_with(me, "git-"))
 		die("bad command");
 
 	my_argv[0] = me + 4;
@@ -45,11 +46,7 @@ static int is_valid_cmd_name(const char *cmd)
 
 static char *make_cmd(const char *prog)
 {
-	char *prefix = xmalloc((strlen(prog) + strlen(COMMAND_DIR) + 2));
-	strcpy(prefix, COMMAND_DIR);
-	strcat(prefix, "/");
-	strcat(prefix, prog);
-	return prefix;
+	return xstrfmt("%s/%s", COMMAND_DIR, prog);
 }
 
 static void cd_to_homedir(void)
@@ -65,6 +62,18 @@ static void run_shell(void)
 {
 	int done = 0;
 	static const char *help_argv[] = { HELP_COMMAND, NULL };
+
+	if (!access(NOLOGIN_COMMAND, F_OK)) {
+		/* Interactive login disabled. */
+		const char *argv[] = { NOLOGIN_COMMAND, NULL };
+		int status;
+
+		status = run_command_v_opt(argv, 0);
+		if (status < 0)
+			exit(127);
+		exit(status);
+	}
+
 	/* Print help if enabled */
 	run_command_v_opt(help_argv, RUN_SILENT_EXEC_FAILURE);
 
@@ -134,7 +143,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	char *prog;
 	const char **user_argv;
 	struct commands *cmd;
-	int devnull_fd;
 	int count;
 
 	git_setup_gettext();
@@ -143,15 +151,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	/*
 	 * Always open file descriptors 0/1/2 to avoid clobbering files
-	 * in die().  It also avoids not messing up when the pipes are
-	 * dup'ed onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
+	 * in die().  It also avoids messing up when the pipes are dup'ed
+	 * onto stdin/stdout/stderr in the child processes we spawn.
 	 */
-	devnull_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-	while (devnull_fd >= 0 && devnull_fd <= 2)
-		devnull_fd = dup(devnull_fd);
-	if (devnull_fd == -1)
-		die_errno("opening /dev/null failed");
-	close (devnull_fd);
+	sanitize_stdfds();
 
 	/*
 	 * Special hack to pretend to be a CVS server
diff --git a/sideband.c b/sideband.c
index d5ffa1c891..7f9dc229fb 100644
--- a/sideband.c
+++ b/sideband.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include "cache.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "sideband.h"
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out)
 
 	memcpy(buf, PREFIX, pf);
 	term = getenv("TERM");
-	if (term && strcmp(term, "dumb"))
+	if (isatty(2) && term && strcmp(term, "dumb"))
 		suffix = ANSI_SUFFIX;
 	else
 		suffix = DUMB_SUFFIX;
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out)
 
 	while (1) {
 		int band, len;
-		len = packet_read_line(in_stream, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX);
+		len = packet_read(in_stream, NULL, NULL, buf + pf, LARGE_PACKET_MAX, 0);
 		if (len == 0)
 			break;
 		if (len < 1) {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out)
 			} while (len);
 			continue;
 		case 1:
-			safe_write(out, buf + pf+1, len);
+			write_or_die(out, buf + pf+1, len);
 			continue;
 		default:
 			fprintf(stderr, "%s: protocol error: bad band #%d\n",
@@ -138,12 +139,12 @@ ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet
 		if (0 <= band) {
 			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 5);
 			hdr[4] = band;
-			safe_write(fd, hdr, 5);
+			write_or_die(fd, hdr, 5);
 		} else {
 			sprintf(hdr, "%04x", n + 4);
-			safe_write(fd, hdr, 4);
+			write_or_die(fd, hdr, 4);
 		}
-		safe_write(fd, p, n);
+		write_or_die(fd, p, n);
 		p += n;
 		sz -= n;
 	}
diff --git a/sideband.h b/sideband.h
index d72db35d1e..e46bed0b01 100644
--- a/sideband.h
+++ b/sideband.h
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@
 #define SIDEBAND_PROTOCOL_ERROR -2
 #define SIDEBAND_REMOTE_ERROR -1
 
-#define DEFAULT_PACKET_MAX 1000
-#define LARGE_PACKET_MAX 65520
-
 int recv_sideband(const char *me, int in_stream, int out);
 ssize_t send_sideband(int fd, int band, const char *data, ssize_t sz, int packet_max);
 
diff --git a/sigchain.c b/sigchain.c
index 1118b99e57..faa375d5d8 100644
--- a/sigchain.c
+++ b/sigchain.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "sigchain.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 #define SIGCHAIN_MAX_SIGNALS 32
 
diff --git a/split-index.c b/split-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..21485e2066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/split-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
+#include "ewah/ewok.h"
+
+struct split_index *init_split_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	if (!istate->split_index) {
+		istate->split_index = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*istate->split_index));
+		istate->split_index->refcount = 1;
+	}
+	return istate->split_index;
+}
+
+int read_link_extension(struct index_state *istate,
+			 const void *data_, unsigned long sz)
+{
+	const unsigned char *data = data_;
+	struct split_index *si;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (sz < 20)
+		return error("corrupt link extension (too short)");
+	si = init_split_index(istate);
+	hashcpy(si->base_sha1, data);
+	data += 20;
+	sz -= 20;
+	if (!sz)
+		return 0;
+	si->delete_bitmap = ewah_new();
+	ret = ewah_read_mmap(si->delete_bitmap, data, sz);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return error("corrupt delete bitmap in link extension");
+	data += ret;
+	sz -= ret;
+	si->replace_bitmap = ewah_new();
+	ret = ewah_read_mmap(si->replace_bitmap, data, sz);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return error("corrupt replace bitmap in link extension");
+	if (ret != sz)
+		return error("garbage at the end of link extension");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int write_strbuf(void *user_data, const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	struct strbuf *sb = user_data;
+	strbuf_add(sb, data, len);
+	return len;
+}
+
+int write_link_extension(struct strbuf *sb,
+			 struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	strbuf_add(sb, si->base_sha1, 20);
+	if (!si->delete_bitmap && !si->replace_bitmap)
+		return 0;
+	ewah_serialize_to(si->delete_bitmap, write_strbuf, sb);
+	ewah_serialize_to(si->replace_bitmap, write_strbuf, sb);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void mark_base_index_entries(struct index_state *base)
+{
+	int i;
+	/*
+	 * To keep track of the shared entries between
+	 * istate->base->cache[] and istate->cache[], base entry
+	 * position is stored in each base entry. All positions start
+	 * from 1 instead of 0, which is resrved to say "this is a new
+	 * entry".
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < base->cache_nr; i++)
+		base->cache[i]->index = i + 1;
+}
+
+void move_cache_to_base_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	int i;
+
+	/*
+	 * do not delete old si->base, its index entries may be shared
+	 * with istate->cache[]. Accept a bit of leaking here because
+	 * this code is only used by short-lived update-index.
+	 */
+	si->base = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*si->base));
+	si->base->version = istate->version;
+	/* zero timestamp disables racy test in ce_write_index() */
+	si->base->timestamp = istate->timestamp;
+	ALLOC_GROW(si->base->cache, istate->cache_nr, si->base->cache_alloc);
+	si->base->cache_nr = istate->cache_nr;
+	memcpy(si->base->cache, istate->cache,
+	       sizeof(*istate->cache) * istate->cache_nr);
+	mark_base_index_entries(si->base);
+	for (i = 0; i < si->base->cache_nr; i++)
+		si->base->cache[i]->ce_flags &= ~CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+}
+
+static void mark_entry_for_delete(size_t pos, void *data)
+{
+	struct index_state *istate = data;
+	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr)
+		die("position for delete %d exceeds base index size %d",
+		    (int)pos, istate->cache_nr);
+	istate->cache[pos]->ce_flags |= CE_REMOVE;
+	istate->split_index->nr_deletions = 1;
+}
+
+static void replace_entry(size_t pos, void *data)
+{
+	struct index_state *istate = data;
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	struct cache_entry *dst, *src;
+
+	if (pos >= istate->cache_nr)
+		die("position for replacement %d exceeds base index size %d",
+		    (int)pos, istate->cache_nr);
+	if (si->nr_replacements >= si->saved_cache_nr)
+		die("too many replacements (%d vs %d)",
+		    si->nr_replacements, si->saved_cache_nr);
+	dst = istate->cache[pos];
+	if (dst->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
+		die("entry %d is marked as both replaced and deleted",
+		    (int)pos);
+	src = si->saved_cache[si->nr_replacements];
+	if (ce_namelen(src))
+		die("corrupt link extension, entry %d should have "
+		    "zero length name", (int)pos);
+	src->index = pos + 1;
+	src->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+	src->ce_namelen = dst->ce_namelen;
+	copy_cache_entry(dst, src);
+	free(src);
+	si->nr_replacements++;
+}
+
+void merge_base_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	mark_base_index_entries(si->base);
+
+	si->saved_cache	    = istate->cache;
+	si->saved_cache_nr  = istate->cache_nr;
+	istate->cache_nr    = si->base->cache_nr;
+	istate->cache	    = NULL;
+	istate->cache_alloc = 0;
+	ALLOC_GROW(istate->cache, istate->cache_nr, istate->cache_alloc);
+	memcpy(istate->cache, si->base->cache,
+	       sizeof(*istate->cache) * istate->cache_nr);
+
+	si->nr_deletions = 0;
+	si->nr_replacements = 0;
+	ewah_each_bit(si->replace_bitmap, replace_entry, istate);
+	ewah_each_bit(si->delete_bitmap, mark_entry_for_delete, istate);
+	if (si->nr_deletions)
+		remove_marked_cache_entries(istate);
+
+	for (i = si->nr_replacements; i < si->saved_cache_nr; i++) {
+		if (!ce_namelen(si->saved_cache[i]))
+			die("corrupt link extension, entry %d should "
+			    "have non-zero length name", i);
+		add_index_entry(istate, si->saved_cache[i],
+				ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD |
+				ADD_CACHE_KEEP_CACHE_TREE |
+				/*
+				 * we may have to replay what
+				 * merge-recursive.c:update_stages()
+				 * does, which has this flag on
+				 */
+				ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK);
+		si->saved_cache[i] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	ewah_free(si->delete_bitmap);
+	ewah_free(si->replace_bitmap);
+	free(si->saved_cache);
+	si->delete_bitmap  = NULL;
+	si->replace_bitmap = NULL;
+	si->saved_cache	   = NULL;
+	si->saved_cache_nr = 0;
+}
+
+void prepare_to_write_split_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = init_split_index(istate);
+	struct cache_entry **entries = NULL, *ce;
+	int i, nr_entries = 0, nr_alloc = 0;
+
+	si->delete_bitmap = ewah_new();
+	si->replace_bitmap = ewah_new();
+
+	if (si->base) {
+		/* Go through istate->cache[] and mark CE_MATCHED to
+		 * entry with positive index. We'll go through
+		 * base->cache[] later to delete all entries in base
+		 * that are not marked eith either CE_MATCHED or
+		 * CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE. If istate->cache[i] is a
+		 * duplicate, deduplicate it.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *base;
+			/* namelen is checked separately */
+			const unsigned int ondisk_flags =
+				CE_STAGEMASK | CE_VALID | CE_EXTENDED_FLAGS;
+			unsigned int ce_flags, base_flags, ret;
+			ce = istate->cache[i];
+			if (!ce->index)
+				continue;
+			if (ce->index > si->base->cache_nr) {
+				ce->index = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+			ce->ce_flags |= CE_MATCHED; /* or "shared" */
+			base = si->base->cache[ce->index - 1];
+			if (ce == base)
+				continue;
+			if (ce->ce_namelen != base->ce_namelen ||
+			    strcmp(ce->name, base->name)) {
+				ce->index = 0;
+				continue;
+			}
+			ce_flags = ce->ce_flags;
+			base_flags = base->ce_flags;
+			/* only on-disk flags matter */
+			ce->ce_flags   &= ondisk_flags;
+			base->ce_flags &= ondisk_flags;
+			ret = memcmp(&ce->ce_stat_data, &base->ce_stat_data,
+				     offsetof(struct cache_entry, name) -
+				     offsetof(struct cache_entry, ce_stat_data));
+			ce->ce_flags = ce_flags;
+			base->ce_flags = base_flags;
+			if (ret)
+				ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+			free(base);
+			si->base->cache[ce->index - 1] = ce;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < si->base->cache_nr; i++) {
+			ce = si->base->cache[i];
+			if ((ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE) ||
+			    !(ce->ce_flags & CE_MATCHED))
+				ewah_set(si->delete_bitmap, i);
+			else if (ce->ce_flags & CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE) {
+				ewah_set(si->replace_bitmap, i);
+				ce->ce_flags |= CE_STRIP_NAME;
+				ALLOC_GROW(entries, nr_entries+1, nr_alloc);
+				entries[nr_entries++] = ce;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < istate->cache_nr; i++) {
+		ce = istate->cache[i];
+		if ((!si->base || !ce->index) && !(ce->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)) {
+			assert(!(ce->ce_flags & CE_STRIP_NAME));
+			ALLOC_GROW(entries, nr_entries+1, nr_alloc);
+			entries[nr_entries++] = ce;
+		}
+		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_MATCHED;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * take cache[] out temporarily, put entries[] in its place
+	 * for writing
+	 */
+	si->saved_cache = istate->cache;
+	si->saved_cache_nr = istate->cache_nr;
+	istate->cache = entries;
+	istate->cache_nr = nr_entries;
+}
+
+void finish_writing_split_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = init_split_index(istate);
+
+	ewah_free(si->delete_bitmap);
+	ewah_free(si->replace_bitmap);
+	si->delete_bitmap = NULL;
+	si->replace_bitmap = NULL;
+	free(istate->cache);
+	istate->cache = si->saved_cache;
+	istate->cache_nr = si->saved_cache_nr;
+}
+
+void discard_split_index(struct index_state *istate)
+{
+	struct split_index *si = istate->split_index;
+	if (!si)
+		return;
+	istate->split_index = NULL;
+	si->refcount--;
+	if (si->refcount)
+		return;
+	if (si->base) {
+		discard_index(si->base);
+		free(si->base);
+	}
+	free(si);
+}
+
+void save_or_free_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	if (ce->index &&
+	    istate->split_index &&
+	    istate->split_index->base &&
+	    ce->index <= istate->split_index->base->cache_nr &&
+	    ce == istate->split_index->base->cache[ce->index - 1])
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_REMOVE;
+	else
+		free(ce);
+}
+
+void replace_index_entry_in_base(struct index_state *istate,
+				 struct cache_entry *old,
+				 struct cache_entry *new)
+{
+	if (old->index &&
+	    istate->split_index &&
+	    istate->split_index->base &&
+	    old->index <= istate->split_index->base->cache_nr) {
+		new->index = old->index;
+		if (old != istate->split_index->base->cache[new->index - 1])
+			free(istate->split_index->base->cache[new->index - 1]);
+		istate->split_index->base->cache[new->index - 1] = new;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/split-index.h b/split-index.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1324f521a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/split-index.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef SPLIT_INDEX_H
+#define SPLIT_INDEX_H
+
+struct index_state;
+struct strbuf;
+struct ewah_bitmap;
+
+struct split_index {
+	unsigned char base_sha1[20];
+	struct index_state *base;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *delete_bitmap;
+	struct ewah_bitmap *replace_bitmap;
+	struct cache_entry **saved_cache;
+	unsigned int saved_cache_nr;
+	unsigned int nr_deletions;
+	unsigned int nr_replacements;
+	int refcount;
+};
+
+struct split_index *init_split_index(struct index_state *istate);
+void save_or_free_index_entry(struct index_state *istate, struct cache_entry *ce);
+void replace_index_entry_in_base(struct index_state *istate,
+				 struct cache_entry *old,
+				 struct cache_entry *new);
+int read_link_extension(struct index_state *istate,
+			const void *data, unsigned long sz);
+int write_link_extension(struct strbuf *sb,
+			 struct index_state *istate);
+void move_cache_to_base_index(struct index_state *istate);
+void merge_base_index(struct index_state *istate);
+void prepare_to_write_split_index(struct index_state *istate);
+void finish_writing_split_index(struct index_state *istate);
+void discard_split_index(struct index_state *istate);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/strbuf.c b/strbuf.c
index 5135d5950d..88cafd4a70 100644
--- a/strbuf.c
+++ b/strbuf.c
@@ -1,22 +1,14 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "refs.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
 
-int prefixcmp(const char *str, const char *prefix)
+int starts_with(const char *str, const char *prefix)
 {
 	for (; ; str++, prefix++)
 		if (!*prefix)
-			return 0;
+			return 1;
 		else if (*str != *prefix)
-			return (unsigned char)*prefix - (unsigned char)*str;
-}
-
-int suffixcmp(const char *str, const char *suffix)
-{
-	int len = strlen(str), suflen = strlen(suffix);
-	if (len < suflen)
-		return -1;
-	else
-		return strcmp(str + len - suflen, suffix);
+			return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -44,7 +36,9 @@ void strbuf_release(struct strbuf *sb)
 
 char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *sb, size_t *sz)
 {
-	char *res = sb->alloc ? sb->buf : NULL;
+	char *res;
+	strbuf_grow(sb, 0);
+	res = sb->buf;
 	if (sz)
 		*sz = sb->len;
 	strbuf_init(sb, 0);
@@ -76,15 +70,8 @@ void strbuf_grow(struct strbuf *sb, size_t extra)
 
 void strbuf_trim(struct strbuf *sb)
 {
-	char *b = sb->buf;
-	while (sb->len > 0 && isspace((unsigned char)sb->buf[sb->len - 1]))
-		sb->len--;
-	while (sb->len > 0 && isspace(*b)) {
-		b++;
-		sb->len--;
-	}
-	memmove(sb->buf, b, sb->len);
-	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
+	strbuf_rtrim(sb);
+	strbuf_ltrim(sb);
 }
 void strbuf_rtrim(struct strbuf *sb)
 {
@@ -104,35 +91,53 @@ void strbuf_ltrim(struct strbuf *sb)
 	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
 }
 
-struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *str, size_t slen, int delim, int max)
+int strbuf_reencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *from, const char *to)
+{
+	char *out;
+	int len;
+
+	if (same_encoding(from, to))
+		return 0;
+
+	out = reencode_string_len(sb->buf, sb->len, to, from, &len);
+	if (!out)
+		return -1;
+
+	strbuf_attach(sb, out, len, len);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void strbuf_tolower(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	char *p = sb->buf, *end = sb->buf + sb->len;
+	for (; p < end; p++)
+		*p = tolower(*p);
+}
+
+struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *str, size_t slen,
+				 int terminator, int max)
 {
-	int alloc = 2, pos = 0;
-	const char *n, *p;
-	struct strbuf **ret;
+	struct strbuf **ret = NULL;
+	size_t nr = 0, alloc = 0;
 	struct strbuf *t;
 
-	ret = xcalloc(alloc, sizeof(struct strbuf *));
-	p = n = str;
-	while (n < str + slen) {
-		int len;
-		if (max <= 0 || pos + 1 < max)
-			n = memchr(n, delim, slen - (n - str));
-		else
-			n = NULL;
-		if (pos + 1 >= alloc) {
-			alloc = alloc * 2;
-			ret = xrealloc(ret, sizeof(struct strbuf *) * alloc);
+	while (slen) {
+		int len = slen;
+		if (max <= 0 || nr + 1 < max) {
+			const char *end = memchr(str, terminator, slen);
+			if (end)
+				len = end - str + 1;
 		}
-		if (!n)
-			n = str + slen - 1;
-		len = n - p + 1;
 		t = xmalloc(sizeof(struct strbuf));
 		strbuf_init(t, len);
-		strbuf_add(t, p, len);
-		ret[pos] = t;
-		ret[++pos] = NULL;
-		p = ++n;
+		strbuf_add(t, str, len);
+		ALLOC_GROW(ret, nr + 2, alloc);
+		ret[nr++] = t;
+		str += len;
+		slen -= len;
 	}
+	ALLOC_GROW(ret, nr + 1, alloc); /* In case string was empty */
+	ret[nr] = NULL;
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -199,6 +204,13 @@ void strbuf_adddup(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos, size_t len)
 	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + len);
 }
 
+void strbuf_addchars(struct strbuf *sb, int c, size_t n)
+{
+	strbuf_grow(sb, n);
+	memset(sb->buf + sb->len, c, n);
+	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + n);
+}
+
 void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
@@ -207,6 +219,55 @@ void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
+static void add_lines(struct strbuf *out,
+			const char *prefix1,
+			const char *prefix2,
+			const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	while (size) {
+		const char *prefix;
+		const char *next = memchr(buf, '\n', size);
+		next = next ? (next + 1) : (buf + size);
+
+		prefix = ((prefix2 && (buf[0] == '\n' || buf[0] == '\t'))
+			  ? prefix2 : prefix1);
+		strbuf_addstr(out, prefix);
+		strbuf_add(out, buf, next - buf);
+		size -= next - buf;
+		buf = next;
+	}
+	strbuf_complete_line(out);
+}
+
+void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	static char prefix1[3];
+	static char prefix2[2];
+
+	if (prefix1[0] != comment_line_char) {
+		sprintf(prefix1, "%c ", comment_line_char);
+		sprintf(prefix2, "%c", comment_line_char);
+	}
+	add_lines(out, prefix1, prefix2, buf, size);
+}
+
+void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list params;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int incomplete_line = sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n';
+
+	va_start(params, fmt);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, params);
+	va_end(params);
+
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(sb, buf.buf, buf.len);
+	if (incomplete_line)
+		sb->buf[--sb->len] = '\0';
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+}
+
 void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
 	int len;
@@ -353,6 +414,27 @@ int strbuf_readlink(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint)
 	return -1;
 }
 
+int strbuf_getcwd(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	size_t oldalloc = sb->alloc;
+	size_t guessed_len = 128;
+
+	for (;; guessed_len *= 2) {
+		strbuf_grow(sb, guessed_len);
+		if (getcwd(sb->buf, sb->alloc)) {
+			strbuf_setlen(sb, strlen(sb->buf));
+			return 0;
+		}
+		if (errno != ERANGE)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (oldalloc == 0)
+		strbuf_release(sb);
+	else
+		strbuf_reset(sb);
+	return -1;
+}
+
 int strbuf_getwholeline(struct strbuf *sb, FILE *fp, int term)
 {
 	int ch;
@@ -417,15 +499,33 @@ int strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint)
 void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *prefix,
 		      const char *buf, size_t size)
 {
-	while (size) {
-		const char *next = memchr(buf, '\n', size);
-		next = next ? (next + 1) : (buf + size);
-		strbuf_addstr(out, prefix);
-		strbuf_add(out, buf, next - buf);
-		size -= next - buf;
-		buf = next;
+	add_lines(out, prefix, NULL, buf, size);
+}
+
+void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf *buf, const char *s)
+{
+	while (*s) {
+		size_t len = strcspn(s, "\"<>&");
+		strbuf_add(buf, s, len);
+		s += len;
+		switch (*s) {
+		case '"':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&quot;");
+			break;
+		case '<':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&lt;");
+			break;
+		case '>':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&gt;");
+			break;
+		case '&':
+			strbuf_addstr(buf, "&amp;");
+			break;
+		case 0:
+			return;
+		}
+		s++;
 	}
-	strbuf_complete_line(out);
 }
 
 static int is_rfc3986_reserved(char ch)
@@ -445,8 +545,8 @@ static int is_rfc3986_unreserved(char ch)
 		ch == '-' || ch == '_' || ch == '.' || ch == '~';
 }
 
-void strbuf_add_urlencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s, size_t len,
-			  int reserved)
+static void strbuf_add_urlencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s, size_t len,
+				 int reserved)
 {
 	strbuf_grow(sb, len);
 	while (len--) {
@@ -464,3 +564,103 @@ void strbuf_addstr_urlencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s,
 {
 	strbuf_add_urlencode(sb, s, strlen(s), reserved);
 }
+
+void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, off_t bytes)
+{
+	if (bytes > 1 << 30) {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u GiB",
+			    (int)(bytes >> 30),
+			    (int)(bytes & ((1 << 30) - 1)) / 10737419);
+	} else if (bytes > 1 << 20) {
+		int x = bytes + 5243;  /* for rounding */
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u MiB",
+			    x >> 20, ((x & ((1 << 20) - 1)) * 100) >> 20);
+	} else if (bytes > 1 << 10) {
+		int x = bytes + 5;  /* for rounding */
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u.%2.2u KiB",
+			    x >> 10, ((x & ((1 << 10) - 1)) * 100) >> 10);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addf(buf, "%u bytes", (int)bytes);
+	}
+}
+
+void strbuf_add_absolute_path(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path)
+{
+	if (!*path)
+		die("The empty string is not a valid path");
+	if (!is_absolute_path(path)) {
+		struct stat cwd_stat, pwd_stat;
+		size_t orig_len = sb->len;
+		char *cwd = xgetcwd();
+		char *pwd = getenv("PWD");
+		if (pwd && strcmp(pwd, cwd) &&
+		    !stat(cwd, &cwd_stat) &&
+		    (cwd_stat.st_dev || cwd_stat.st_ino) &&
+		    !stat(pwd, &pwd_stat) &&
+		    pwd_stat.st_dev == cwd_stat.st_dev &&
+		    pwd_stat.st_ino == cwd_stat.st_ino)
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, pwd);
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(sb, cwd);
+		if (sb->len > orig_len && !is_dir_sep(sb->buf[sb->len - 1]))
+			strbuf_addch(sb, '/');
+		free(cwd);
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(sb, path);
+}
+
+int printf_ln(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int ret;
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = vprintf(fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (ret < 0 || putchar('\n') == EOF)
+		return -1;
+	return ret + 1;
+}
+
+int fprintf_ln(FILE *fp, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	int ret;
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = vfprintf(fp, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (ret < 0 || putc('\n', fp) == EOF)
+		return -1;
+	return ret + 1;
+}
+
+char *xstrdup_tolower(const char *string)
+{
+	char *result;
+	size_t len, i;
+
+	len = strlen(string);
+	result = xmalloc(len + 1);
+	for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+		result[i] = tolower(string[i]);
+	result[i] = '\0';
+	return result;
+}
+
+char *xstrvfmt(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, ap);
+	return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+}
+
+char *xstrfmt(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	char *ret;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = xstrvfmt(fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	return ret;
+}
diff --git a/strbuf.h b/strbuf.h
index 3effaa86b6..1883494ca3 100644
--- a/strbuf.h
+++ b/strbuf.h
@@ -1,132 +1,516 @@
 #ifndef STRBUF_H
 #define STRBUF_H
 
-/* See Documentation/technical/api-strbuf.txt */
+/**
+ * strbuf's are meant to be used with all the usual C string and memory
+ * APIs. Given that the length of the buffer is known, it's often better to
+ * use the mem* functions than a str* one (memchr vs. strchr e.g.).
+ * Though, one has to be careful about the fact that str* functions often
+ * stop on NULs and that strbufs may have embedded NULs.
+ *
+ * A strbuf is NUL terminated for convenience, but no function in the
+ * strbuf API actually relies on the string being free of NULs.
+ *
+ * strbufs have some invariants that are very important to keep in mind:
+ *
+ *  - The `buf` member is never NULL, so it can be used in any usual C
+ *    string operations safely. strbuf's _have_ to be initialized either by
+ *    `strbuf_init()` or by `= STRBUF_INIT` before the invariants, though.
+ *
+ *    Do *not* assume anything on what `buf` really is (e.g. if it is
+ *    allocated memory or not), use `strbuf_detach()` to unwrap a memory
+ *    buffer from its strbuf shell in a safe way. That is the sole supported
+ *    way. This will give you a malloced buffer that you can later `free()`.
+ *
+ *    However, it is totally safe to modify anything in the string pointed by
+ *    the `buf` member, between the indices `0` and `len-1` (inclusive).
+ *
+ *  - The `buf` member is a byte array that has at least `len + 1` bytes
+ *    allocated. The extra byte is used to store a `'\0'`, allowing the
+ *    `buf` member to be a valid C-string. Every strbuf function ensure this
+ *    invariant is preserved.
+ *
+ *    NOTE: It is OK to "play" with the buffer directly if you work it this
+ *    way:
+ *
+ *        strbuf_grow(sb, SOME_SIZE); <1>
+ *        strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + SOME_OTHER_SIZE);
+ *
+ *    <1> Here, the memory array starting at `sb->buf`, and of length
+ *    `strbuf_avail(sb)` is all yours, and you can be sure that
+ *    `strbuf_avail(sb)` is at least `SOME_SIZE`.
+ *
+ *    NOTE: `SOME_OTHER_SIZE` must be smaller or equal to `strbuf_avail(sb)`.
+ *
+ *    Doing so is safe, though if it has to be done in many places, adding the
+ *    missing API to the strbuf module is the way to go.
+ *
+ *    WARNING: Do _not_ assume that the area that is yours is of size `alloc
+ *    - 1` even if it's true in the current implementation. Alloc is somehow a
+ *    "private" member that should not be messed with. Use `strbuf_avail()`
+ *    instead.
+*/
 
-extern char strbuf_slopbuf[];
+/**
+ * Data Structures
+ * ---------------
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This is the string buffer structure. The `len` member can be used to
+ * determine the current length of the string, and `buf` member provides
+ * access to the string itself.
+ */
 struct strbuf {
 	size_t alloc;
 	size_t len;
 	char *buf;
 };
 
+extern char strbuf_slopbuf[];
 #define STRBUF_INIT  { 0, 0, strbuf_slopbuf }
 
-/*----- strbuf life cycle -----*/
+/**
+ * Life Cycle Functions
+ * --------------------
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Initialize the structure. The second parameter can be zero or a bigger
+ * number to allocate memory, in case you want to prevent further reallocs.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_init(struct strbuf *, size_t);
+
+/**
+ * Release a string buffer and the memory it used. You should not use the
+ * string buffer after using this function, unless you initialize it again.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_release(struct strbuf *);
+
+/**
+ * Detach the string from the strbuf and returns it; you now own the
+ * storage the string occupies and it is your responsibility from then on
+ * to release it with `free(3)` when you are done with it.
+ */
 extern char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf *, size_t *);
+
+/**
+ * Attach a string to a buffer. You should specify the string to attach,
+ * the current length of the string and the amount of allocated memory.
+ * The amount must be larger than the string length, because the string you
+ * pass is supposed to be a NUL-terminated string.  This string _must_ be
+ * malloc()ed, and after attaching, the pointer cannot be relied upon
+ * anymore, and neither be free()d directly.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_attach(struct strbuf *, void *, size_t, size_t);
-static inline void strbuf_swap(struct strbuf *a, struct strbuf *b) {
+
+/**
+ * Swap the contents of two string buffers.
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_swap(struct strbuf *a, struct strbuf *b)
+{
 	struct strbuf tmp = *a;
 	*a = *b;
 	*b = tmp;
 }
 
-/*----- strbuf size related -----*/
-static inline size_t strbuf_avail(const struct strbuf *sb) {
+
+/**
+ * Functions related to the size of the buffer
+ * -------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Determine the amount of allocated but unused memory.
+ */
+static inline size_t strbuf_avail(const struct strbuf *sb)
+{
 	return sb->alloc ? sb->alloc - sb->len - 1 : 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Ensure that at least this amount of unused memory is available after
+ * `len`. This is used when you know a typical size for what you will add
+ * and want to avoid repetitive automatic resizing of the underlying buffer.
+ * This is never a needed operation, but can be critical for performance in
+ * some cases.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_grow(struct strbuf *, size_t);
 
-static inline void strbuf_setlen(struct strbuf *sb, size_t len) {
+/**
+ * Set the length of the buffer to a given value. This function does *not*
+ * allocate new memory, so you should not perform a `strbuf_setlen()` to a
+ * length that is larger than `len + strbuf_avail()`. `strbuf_setlen()` is
+ * just meant as a 'please fix invariants from this strbuf I just messed
+ * with'.
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_setlen(struct strbuf *sb, size_t len)
+{
 	if (len > (sb->alloc ? sb->alloc - 1 : 0))
 		die("BUG: strbuf_setlen() beyond buffer");
 	sb->len = len;
 	sb->buf[len] = '\0';
 }
+
+/**
+ * Empty the buffer by setting the size of it to zero.
+ */
 #define strbuf_reset(sb)  strbuf_setlen(sb, 0)
 
-/*----- content related -----*/
+
+/**
+ * Functions related to the contents of the buffer
+ * -----------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Strip whitespace from the beginning (`ltrim`), end (`rtrim`), or both side
+ * (`trim`) of a string.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_trim(struct strbuf *);
 extern void strbuf_rtrim(struct strbuf *);
 extern void strbuf_ltrim(struct strbuf *);
+
+/**
+ * Replace the contents of the strbuf with a reencoded form.  Returns -1
+ * on error, 0 on success.
+ */
+extern int strbuf_reencode(struct strbuf *sb, const char *from, const char *to);
+
+/**
+ * Lowercase each character in the buffer using `tolower`.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_tolower(struct strbuf *sb);
+
+/**
+ * Compare two buffers. Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater
+ * than zero if the first buffer is found, respectively, to be less than,
+ * to match, or be greater than the second buffer.
+ */
 extern int strbuf_cmp(const struct strbuf *, const struct strbuf *);
 
-extern struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *, size_t,
-					int delim, int max);
-static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_str(const char *str,
-					       int delim, int max)
-{
-	return strbuf_split_buf(str, strlen(str), delim, max);
-}
-static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_max(const struct strbuf *sb,
-						int delim, int max)
-{
-	return strbuf_split_buf(sb->buf, sb->len, delim, max);
-}
-static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split(const struct strbuf *sb, int delim)
-{
-	return strbuf_split_max(sb, delim, 0);
-}
-extern void strbuf_list_free(struct strbuf **);
 
-/*----- add data in your buffer -----*/
-static inline void strbuf_addch(struct strbuf *sb, int c) {
+/**
+ * Adding data to the buffer
+ * -------------------------
+ *
+ * NOTE: All of the functions in this section will grow the buffer as
+ * necessary.  If they fail for some reason other than memory shortage and the
+ * buffer hadn't been allocated before (i.e. the `struct strbuf` was set to
+ * `STRBUF_INIT`), then they will free() it.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Add a single character to the buffer.
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_addch(struct strbuf *sb, int c)
+{
 	strbuf_grow(sb, 1);
 	sb->buf[sb->len++] = c;
 	sb->buf[sb->len] = '\0';
 }
 
+/**
+ * Add a character the specified number of times to the buffer.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_addchars(struct strbuf *sb, int c, size_t n);
+
+/**
+ * Insert data to the given position of the buffer. The remaining contents
+ * will be shifted, not overwritten.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_insert(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, const void *, size_t);
+
+/**
+ * Remove given amount of data from a given position of the buffer.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_remove(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, size_t len);
 
-/* splice pos..pos+len with given data */
+/**
+ * Remove the bytes between `pos..pos+len` and replace it with the given
+ * data.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_splice(struct strbuf *, size_t pos, size_t len,
-                          const void *, size_t);
+			  const void *, size_t);
 
+/**
+ * Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer. Each line will be prepended
+ * by a comment character and a blank.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf *out, const char *buf, size_t size);
+
+
+/**
+ * Add data of given length to the buffer.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_add(struct strbuf *, const void *, size_t);
-static inline void strbuf_addstr(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s) {
+
+/**
+ * Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This function will *always* be implemented as an inline or a macro
+ * using strlen, meaning that this is efficient to write things like:
+ *
+ *     strbuf_addstr(sb, "immediate string");
+ *
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_addstr(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s)
+{
 	strbuf_add(sb, s, strlen(s));
 }
-static inline void strbuf_addbuf(struct strbuf *sb, const struct strbuf *sb2) {
+
+/**
+ * Copy the contents of another buffer at the end of the current one.
+ */
+static inline void strbuf_addbuf(struct strbuf *sb, const struct strbuf *sb2)
+{
 	strbuf_grow(sb, sb2->len);
 	strbuf_add(sb, sb2->buf, sb2->len);
 }
+
+/**
+ * Copy part of the buffer from a given position till a given length to the
+ * end of the buffer.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_adddup(struct strbuf *sb, size_t pos, size_t len);
 
+/**
+ * This function can be used to expand a format string containing
+ * placeholders. To that end, it parses the string and calls the specified
+ * function for every percent sign found.
+ *
+ * The callback function is given a pointer to the character after the `%`
+ * and a pointer to the struct strbuf.  It is expected to add the expanded
+ * version of the placeholder to the strbuf, e.g. to add a newline
+ * character if the letter `n` appears after a `%`.  The function returns
+ * the length of the placeholder recognized and `strbuf_expand()` skips
+ * over it.
+ *
+ * The format `%%` is automatically expanded to a single `%` as a quoting
+ * mechanism; callers do not need to handle the `%` placeholder themselves,
+ * and the callback function will not be invoked for this placeholder.
+ *
+ * All other characters (non-percent and not skipped ones) are copied
+ * verbatim to the strbuf.  If the callback returned zero, meaning that the
+ * placeholder is unknown, then the percent sign is copied, too.
+ *
+ * In order to facilitate caching and to make it possible to give
+ * parameters to the callback, `strbuf_expand()` passes a context pointer,
+ * which can be used by the programmer of the callback as she sees fit.
+ */
 typedef size_t (*expand_fn_t) (struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder, void *context);
 extern void strbuf_expand(struct strbuf *sb, const char *format, expand_fn_t fn, void *context);
+
+/**
+ * Used as callback for `strbuf_expand()`, expects an array of
+ * struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry as context, i.e. pairs of
+ * placeholder and replacement string.  The array needs to be
+ * terminated by an entry with placeholder set to NULL.
+ */
 struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry {
 	const char *placeholder;
 	const char *value;
 };
 extern size_t strbuf_expand_dict_cb(struct strbuf *sb, const char *placeholder, void *context);
+
+/**
+ * Append the contents of one strbuf to another, quoting any
+ * percent signs ("%") into double-percents ("%%") in the
+ * destination. This is useful for literal data to be fed to either
+ * strbuf_expand or to the *printf family of functions.
+ */
 extern void strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(struct strbuf *dst, const struct strbuf *src);
 
+/**
+ * Append the given byte size as a human-readable string (i.e. 12.23 KiB,
+ * 3.50 MiB).
+ */
+extern void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, off_t bytes);
+
+/**
+ * Add a formatted string to the buffer.
+ */
 __attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
 extern void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
-__attribute__((format (printf,2,0)))
-extern void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
 
-extern void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix, const char *buf, size_t size);
+/**
+ * Add a formatted string prepended by a comment character and a
+ * blank to the buffer.
+ */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
 
-static inline void strbuf_complete_line(struct strbuf *sb)
-{
-	if (sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n')
-		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
-}
+__attribute__((format (printf,2,0)))
+extern void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf *sb, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
 
+/**
+ * Read a given size of data from a FILE* pointer to the buffer.
+ *
+ * NOTE: The buffer is rewound if the read fails. If -1 is returned,
+ * `errno` must be consulted, like you would do for `read(3)`.
+ * `strbuf_read()`, `strbuf_read_file()` and `strbuf_getline()` has the
+ * same behaviour as well.
+ */
 extern size_t strbuf_fread(struct strbuf *, size_t, FILE *);
-/* XXX: if read fails, any partial read is undone */
+
+/**
+ * Read the contents of a given file descriptor. The third argument can be
+ * used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.  If read fails,
+ * any partial read is undone.
+ */
 extern ssize_t strbuf_read(struct strbuf *, int fd, size_t hint);
+
+/**
+ * Read the contents of a file, specified by its path. The third argument
+ * can be used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
+ */
 extern int strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint);
+
+/**
+ * Read the target of a symbolic link, specified by its path.  The third
+ * argument can be used to give a hint about the size, to avoid reallocs.
+ */
 extern int strbuf_readlink(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path, size_t hint);
 
-extern int strbuf_getwholeline(struct strbuf *, FILE *, int);
+/**
+ * Read a line from a FILE *, overwriting the existing contents
+ * of the strbuf. The second argument specifies the line
+ * terminator character, typically `'\n'`.
+ * Reading stops after the terminator or at EOF.  The terminator
+ * is removed from the buffer before returning.  Returns 0 unless
+ * there was nothing left before EOF, in which case it returns `EOF`.
+ */
 extern int strbuf_getline(struct strbuf *, FILE *, int);
+
+/**
+ * Like `strbuf_getline`, but keeps the trailing terminator (if
+ * any) in the buffer.
+ */
+extern int strbuf_getwholeline(struct strbuf *, FILE *, int);
+
+/**
+ * Like `strbuf_getwholeline`, but operates on a file descriptor.
+ * It reads one character at a time, so it is very slow.  Do not
+ * use it unless you need the correct position in the file
+ * descriptor.
+ */
 extern int strbuf_getwholeline_fd(struct strbuf *, int, int);
 
+/**
+ * Set the buffer to the path of the current working directory.
+ */
+extern int strbuf_getcwd(struct strbuf *sb);
+
+/**
+ * Add a path to a buffer, converting a relative path to an
+ * absolute one in the process.  Symbolic links are not
+ * resolved.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_add_absolute_path(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path);
+
+/**
+ * Strip whitespace from a buffer. The second parameter controls if
+ * comments are considered contents to be removed or not.
+ */
 extern void stripspace(struct strbuf *buf, int skip_comments);
+
+static inline int strbuf_strip_suffix(struct strbuf *sb, const char *suffix)
+{
+	if (strip_suffix_mem(sb->buf, &sb->len, suffix)) {
+		strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len);
+		return 1;
+	} else
+		return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Split str (of length slen) at the specified terminator character.
+ * Return a null-terminated array of pointers to strbuf objects
+ * holding the substrings.  The substrings include the terminator,
+ * except for the last substring, which might be unterminated if the
+ * original string did not end with a terminator.  If max is positive,
+ * then split the string into at most max substrings (with the last
+ * substring containing everything following the (max-1)th terminator
+ * character).
+ *
+ * The most generic form is `strbuf_split_buf`, which takes an arbitrary
+ * pointer/len buffer. The `_str` variant takes a NUL-terminated string,
+ * the `_max` variant takes a strbuf, and just `strbuf_split` is a convenience
+ * wrapper to drop the `max` parameter.
+ *
+ * For lighter-weight alternatives, see string_list_split() and
+ * string_list_split_in_place().
+ */
+extern struct strbuf **strbuf_split_buf(const char *, size_t,
+					int terminator, int max);
+
+static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_str(const char *str,
+					       int terminator, int max)
+{
+	return strbuf_split_buf(str, strlen(str), terminator, max);
+}
+
+static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split_max(const struct strbuf *sb,
+						int terminator, int max)
+{
+	return strbuf_split_buf(sb->buf, sb->len, terminator, max);
+}
+
+static inline struct strbuf **strbuf_split(const struct strbuf *sb,
+					   int terminator)
+{
+	return strbuf_split_max(sb, terminator, 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free a NULL-terminated list of strbufs (for example, the return
+ * values of the strbuf_split*() functions).
+ */
+extern void strbuf_list_free(struct strbuf **);
+
+/**
+ * Launch the user preferred editor to edit a file and fill the buffer
+ * with the file's contents upon the user completing their editing. The
+ * third argument can be used to set the environment which the editor is
+ * run in. If the buffer is NULL the editor is launched as usual but the
+ * file's contents are not read into the buffer upon completion.
+ */
 extern int launch_editor(const char *path, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *const *env);
 
+extern void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf *sb, const char *prefix, const char *buf, size_t size);
+
+/**
+ * Append s to sb, with the characters '<', '>', '&' and '"' converted
+ * into XML entities.
+ */
+extern void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf *sb, const char *s);
+
+static inline void strbuf_complete_line(struct strbuf *sb)
+{
+	if (sb->len && sb->buf[sb->len - 1] != '\n')
+		strbuf_addch(sb, '\n');
+}
+
 extern int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name);
 extern int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf *sb, const char *name);
 
-extern void strbuf_add_urlencode(struct strbuf *, const char *, size_t,
-				 int reserved);
 extern void strbuf_addstr_urlencode(struct strbuf *, const char *,
 				    int reserved);
 
+__attribute__((format (printf,1,2)))
+extern int printf_ln(const char *fmt, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf,2,3)))
+extern int fprintf_ln(FILE *fp, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+char *xstrdup_tolower(const char *);
+
+/**
+ * Create a newly allocated string using printf format. You can do this easily
+ * with a strbuf, but this provides a shortcut to save a few lines.
+ */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 0)))
+char *xstrvfmt(const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+char *xstrfmt(const char *fmt, ...);
+
 #endif /* STRBUF_H */
diff --git a/streaming.c b/streaming.c
index c4d421d599..811fcc24d2 100644
--- a/streaming.c
+++ b/streaming.c
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ int close_istream(struct git_istream *st)
 	return r;
 }
 
-ssize_t read_istream(struct git_istream *st, char *buf, size_t sz)
+ssize_t read_istream(struct git_istream *st, void *buf, size_t sz)
 {
 	return st->vtbl->read(st, buf, sz);
 }
@@ -111,17 +111,17 @@ static enum input_source istream_source(const unsigned char *sha1,
 	unsigned long size;
 	int status;
 
+	oi->typep = type;
 	oi->sizep = &size;
-	status = sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi);
+	status = sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, oi, 0);
 	if (status < 0)
 		return stream_error;
-	*type = status;
 
 	switch (oi->whence) {
 	case OI_LOOSE:
 		return loose;
 	case OI_PACKED:
-		if (!oi->u.packed.is_delta && big_file_threshold <= size)
+		if (!oi->u.packed.is_delta && big_file_threshold < size)
 			return pack_non_delta;
 		/* fallthru */
 	default:
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ struct git_istream *open_istream(const unsigned char *sha1,
 				 struct stream_filter *filter)
 {
 	struct git_istream *st;
-	struct object_info oi;
+	struct object_info oi = {NULL};
 	const unsigned char *real = lookup_replace_object(sha1);
 	enum input_source src = istream_source(real, type, &oi);
 
@@ -149,11 +149,13 @@ struct git_istream *open_istream(const unsigned char *sha1,
 			return NULL;
 		}
 	}
-	if (st && filter) {
+	if (filter) {
 		/* Add "&& !is_null_stream_filter(filter)" for performance */
 		struct git_istream *nst = attach_stream_filter(st, filter);
-		if (!nst)
+		if (!nst) {
 			close_istream(st);
+			return NULL;
+		}
 		st = nst;
 	}
 
@@ -237,7 +239,7 @@ static read_method_decl(filtered)
 		if (!fs->input_finished) {
 			fs->i_end = read_istream(fs->upstream, fs->ibuf, FILTER_BUFFER);
 			if (fs->i_end < 0)
-				break;
+				return -1;
 			if (fs->i_end)
 				continue;
 		}
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@ static read_method_decl(loose)
 			st->z_state = z_done;
 			break;
 		}
-		if (status != Z_OK && status != Z_BUF_ERROR) {
+		if (status != Z_OK && (status != Z_BUF_ERROR || total_read < sz)) {
 			git_inflate_end(&st->z);
 			st->z_state = z_error;
 			return -1;
@@ -517,6 +519,8 @@ int stream_blob_to_fd(int fd, unsigned const char *sha1, struct stream_filter *f
 		ssize_t wrote, holeto;
 		ssize_t readlen = read_istream(st, buf, sizeof(buf));
 
+		if (readlen < 0)
+			goto close_and_exit;
 		if (!readlen)
 			break;
 		if (can_seek && sizeof(buf) == readlen) {
@@ -539,7 +543,7 @@ int stream_blob_to_fd(int fd, unsigned const char *sha1, struct stream_filter *f
 			goto close_and_exit;
 	}
 	if (kept && (lseek(fd, kept - 1, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1 ||
-		     write(fd, "", 1) != 1))
+		     xwrite(fd, "", 1) != 1))
 		goto close_and_exit;
 	result = 0;
 
diff --git a/streaming.h b/streaming.h
index 3e827709c8..1d05c2a465 100644
--- a/streaming.h
+++ b/streaming.h
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ struct git_istream;
 
 extern struct git_istream *open_istream(const unsigned char *, enum object_type *, unsigned long *, struct stream_filter *);
 extern int close_istream(struct git_istream *);
-extern ssize_t read_istream(struct git_istream *, char *, size_t);
+extern ssize_t read_istream(struct git_istream *, void *, size_t);
 
 extern int stream_blob_to_fd(int fd, const unsigned char *, struct stream_filter *, int can_seek);
 
diff --git a/string-list.c b/string-list.c
index d9810aba42..2a32a3f1f5 100644
--- a/string-list.c
+++ b/string-list.c
@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 
+void string_list_init(struct string_list *list, int strdup_strings)
+{
+	memset(list, 0, sizeof(*list));
+	list->strdup_strings = strdup_strings;
+}
+
 /* if there is no exact match, point to the index where the entry could be
  * inserted */
 static int get_entry_index(const struct string_list *list, const char *string,
 		int *exact_match)
 {
 	int left = -1, right = list->nr;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 
 	while (left + 1 < right) {
 		int middle = (left + right) / 2;
-		int compare = strcmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
+		int compare = cmp(string, list->items[middle].string);
 		if (compare < 0)
 			right = middle;
 		else if (compare > 0)
@@ -36,8 +43,7 @@ static int add_entry(int insert_at, struct string_list *list, const char *string
 
 	if (list->nr + 1 >= list->alloc) {
 		list->alloc += 32;
-		list->items = xrealloc(list->items, list->alloc
-				* sizeof(struct string_list_item));
+		REALLOC_ARRAY(list->items, list->alloc);
 	}
 	if (index < list->nr)
 		memmove(list->items + index + 1, list->items + index,
@@ -53,13 +59,7 @@ static int add_entry(int insert_at, struct string_list *list, const char *string
 
 struct string_list_item *string_list_insert(struct string_list *list, const char *string)
 {
-	return string_list_insert_at_index(list, -1, string);
-}
-
-struct string_list_item *string_list_insert_at_index(struct string_list *list,
-						     int insert_at, const char *string)
-{
-	int index = add_entry(insert_at, list, string);
+	int index = add_entry(-1, list, string);
 
 	if (index < 0)
 		index = -1 - index;
@@ -92,6 +92,24 @@ struct string_list_item *string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list, const char
 	return list->items + i;
 }
 
+void string_list_remove_duplicates(struct string_list *list, int free_util)
+{
+	if (list->nr > 1) {
+		int src, dst;
+		compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
+		for (src = dst = 1; src < list->nr; src++) {
+			if (!cmp(list->items[dst - 1].string, list->items[src].string)) {
+				if (list->strdup_strings)
+					free(list->items[src].string);
+				if (free_util)
+					free(list->items[src].util);
+			} else
+				list->items[dst++] = list->items[src];
+		}
+		list->nr = dst;
+	}
+}
+
 int for_each_string_list(struct string_list *list,
 			 string_list_each_func_t fn, void *cb_data)
 {
@@ -102,6 +120,32 @@ int for_each_string_list(struct string_list *list,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void filter_string_list(struct string_list *list, int free_util,
+			string_list_each_func_t want, void *cb_data)
+{
+	int src, dst = 0;
+	for (src = 0; src < list->nr; src++) {
+		if (want(&list->items[src], cb_data)) {
+			list->items[dst++] = list->items[src];
+		} else {
+			if (list->strdup_strings)
+				free(list->items[src].string);
+			if (free_util)
+				free(list->items[src].util);
+		}
+	}
+	list->nr = dst;
+}
+
+static int item_is_not_empty(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
+{
+	return *item->string != '\0';
+}
+
+void string_list_remove_empty_items(struct string_list *list, int free_util) {
+	filter_string_list(list, free_util, item_is_not_empty, NULL);
+}
+
 void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util)
 {
 	if (list->items) {
@@ -148,24 +192,39 @@ void print_string_list(const struct string_list *p, const char *text)
 		printf("%s:%p\n", p->items[i].string, p->items[i].util);
 }
 
-struct string_list_item *string_list_append(struct string_list *list, const char *string)
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append_nodup(struct string_list *list,
+						  char *string)
 {
+	struct string_list_item *retval;
 	ALLOC_GROW(list->items, list->nr + 1, list->alloc);
-	list->items[list->nr].string =
-		list->strdup_strings ? xstrdup(string) : (char *)string;
-	list->items[list->nr].util = NULL;
-	return list->items + list->nr++;
+	retval = &list->items[list->nr++];
+	retval->string = string;
+	retval->util = NULL;
+	return retval;
+}
+
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append(struct string_list *list,
+					    const char *string)
+{
+	return string_list_append_nodup(
+			list,
+			list->strdup_strings ? xstrdup(string) : (char *)string);
 }
 
+/* Yuck */
+static compare_strings_fn compare_for_qsort;
+
+/* Only call this from inside string_list_sort! */
 static int cmp_items(const void *a, const void *b)
 {
 	const struct string_list_item *one = a;
 	const struct string_list_item *two = b;
-	return strcmp(one->string, two->string);
+	return compare_for_qsort(one->string, two->string);
 }
 
-void sort_string_list(struct string_list *list)
+void string_list_sort(struct string_list *list)
 {
+	compare_for_qsort = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
 	qsort(list->items, list->nr, sizeof(*list->items), cmp_items);
 }
 
@@ -173,8 +232,10 @@ struct string_list_item *unsorted_string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list,
 						     const char *string)
 {
 	int i;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp = list->cmp ? list->cmp : strcmp;
+
 	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
-		if (!strcmp(string, list->items[i].string))
+		if (!cmp(string, list->items[i].string))
 			return list->items + i;
 	return NULL;
 }
@@ -194,3 +255,56 @@ void unsorted_string_list_delete_item(struct string_list *list, int i, int free_
 	list->items[i] = list->items[list->nr-1];
 	list->nr--;
 }
+
+int string_list_split(struct string_list *list, const char *string,
+		      int delim, int maxsplit)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	const char *p = string, *end;
+
+	if (!list->strdup_strings)
+		die("internal error in string_list_split(): "
+		    "list->strdup_strings must be set");
+	for (;;) {
+		count++;
+		if (maxsplit >= 0 && count > maxsplit) {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+		end = strchr(p, delim);
+		if (end) {
+			string_list_append_nodup(list, xmemdupz(p, end - p));
+			p = end + 1;
+		} else {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int string_list_split_in_place(struct string_list *list, char *string,
+			       int delim, int maxsplit)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	char *p = string, *end;
+
+	if (list->strdup_strings)
+		die("internal error in string_list_split_in_place(): "
+		    "list->strdup_strings must not be set");
+	for (;;) {
+		count++;
+		if (maxsplit >= 0 && count > maxsplit) {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+		end = strchr(p, delim);
+		if (end) {
+			*end = '\0';
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			p = end + 1;
+		} else {
+			string_list_append(list, p);
+			return count;
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/string-list.h b/string-list.h
index 0684cb73bf..d3809a1417 100644
--- a/string-list.h
+++ b/string-list.h
@@ -5,14 +5,20 @@ struct string_list_item {
 	char *string;
 	void *util;
 };
+
+typedef int (*compare_strings_fn)(const char *, const char *);
+
 struct string_list {
 	struct string_list_item *items;
 	unsigned int nr, alloc;
 	unsigned int strdup_strings:1;
+	compare_strings_fn cmp; /* NULL uses strcmp() */
 };
 
-#define STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP { NULL, 0, 0, 0 }
-#define STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP   { NULL, 0, 0, 1 }
+#define STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP { NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL }
+#define STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP   { NULL, 0, 0, 1, NULL }
+
+void string_list_init(struct string_list *list, int strdup_strings);
 
 void print_string_list(const struct string_list *p, const char *text);
 void string_list_clear(struct string_list *list, int free_util);
@@ -29,20 +35,97 @@ int for_each_string_list(struct string_list *list,
 #define for_each_string_list_item(item,list) \
 	for (item = (list)->items; item < (list)->items + (list)->nr; ++item)
 
+/*
+ * Apply want to each item in list, retaining only the ones for which
+ * the function returns true.  If free_util is true, call free() on
+ * the util members of any items that have to be deleted.  Preserve
+ * the order of the items that are retained.
+ */
+void filter_string_list(struct string_list *list, int free_util,
+			string_list_each_func_t want, void *cb_data);
+
+/*
+ * Remove any empty strings from the list.  If free_util is true, call
+ * free() on the util members of any items that have to be deleted.
+ * Preserve the order of the items that are retained.
+ */
+void string_list_remove_empty_items(struct string_list *list, int free_util);
+
 /* Use these functions only on sorted lists: */
 int string_list_has_string(const struct string_list *list, const char *string);
 int string_list_find_insert_index(const struct string_list *list, const char *string,
 				  int negative_existing_index);
+/*
+ * Inserts the given string into the sorted list.
+ * If the string already exists, the list is not altered.
+ * Returns the string_list_item, the string is part of.
+ */
 struct string_list_item *string_list_insert(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
-struct string_list_item *string_list_insert_at_index(struct string_list *list,
-						     int insert_at, const char *string);
+
+/*
+ * Checks if the given string is part of a sorted list. If it is part of the list,
+ * return the coresponding string_list_item, NULL otherwise.
+ */
 struct string_list_item *string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
 
+/*
+ * Remove all but the first of consecutive entries with the same
+ * string value.  If free_util is true, call free() on the util
+ * members of any items that have to be deleted.
+ */
+void string_list_remove_duplicates(struct string_list *sorted_list, int free_util);
+
+
 /* Use these functions only on unsorted lists: */
+
+/*
+ * Add string to the end of list.  If list->strdup_string is set, then
+ * string is copied; otherwise the new string_list_entry refers to the
+ * input string.
+ */
 struct string_list_item *string_list_append(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
-void sort_string_list(struct string_list *list);
+
+/*
+ * Like string_list_append(), except string is never copied.  When
+ * list->strdup_strings is set, this function can be used to hand
+ * ownership of a malloc()ed string to list without making an extra
+ * copy.
+ */
+struct string_list_item *string_list_append_nodup(struct string_list *list, char *string);
+
+void string_list_sort(struct string_list *list);
 int unsorted_string_list_has_string(struct string_list *list, const char *string);
 struct string_list_item *unsorted_string_list_lookup(struct string_list *list,
 						     const char *string);
+
 void unsorted_string_list_delete_item(struct string_list *list, int i, int free_util);
+
+/*
+ * Split string into substrings on character delim and append the
+ * substrings to list.  The input string is not modified.
+ * list->strdup_strings must be set, as new memory needs to be
+ * allocated to hold the substrings.  If maxsplit is non-negative,
+ * then split at most maxsplit times.  Return the number of substrings
+ * appended to list.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:baz", ':', -1) -> ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:baz", ':', 0) -> ["foo:bar:baz"]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:baz", ':', 1) -> ["foo", "bar:baz"]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "foo:bar:", ':', -1) -> ["foo", "bar", ""]
+ *   string_list_split(l, "", ':', -1) -> [""]
+ *   string_list_split(l, ":", ':', -1) -> ["", ""]
+ */
+int string_list_split(struct string_list *list, const char *string,
+		      int delim, int maxsplit);
+
+/*
+ * Like string_list_split(), except that string is split in-place: the
+ * delimiter characters in string are overwritten with NULs, and the
+ * new string_list_items point into string (which therefore must not
+ * be modified or freed while the string_list is in use).
+ * list->strdup_strings must *not* be set.
+ */
+int string_list_split_in_place(struct string_list *list, char *string,
+			       int delim, int maxsplit);
 #endif /* STRING_LIST_H */
diff --git a/submodule.c b/submodule.c
index 9a28060679..c0e6c81fc4 100644
--- a/submodule.c
+++ b/submodule.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "sha1-array.h"
 #include "argv-array.h"
+#include "blob.h"
 
 static struct string_list config_name_for_path;
 static struct string_list config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name;
@@ -30,6 +31,95 @@ static struct sha1_array ref_tips_after_fetch;
  */
 static int gitmodules_is_unmerged;
 
+/*
+ * This flag is set if the .gitmodules file had unstaged modifications on
+ * startup. This must be checked before allowing modifications to the
+ * .gitmodules file with the intention to stage them later, because when
+ * continuing we would stage the modifications the user didn't stage herself
+ * too. That might change in a future version when we learn to stage the
+ * changes we do ourselves without staging any previous modifications.
+ */
+static int gitmodules_is_modified;
+
+
+int is_staging_gitmodules_ok(void)
+{
+	return !gitmodules_is_modified;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to update the "path" entry in the "submodule.<name>" section of the
+ * .gitmodules file. Return 0 only if a .gitmodules file was found, a section
+ * with the correct path=<oldpath> setting was found and we could update it.
+ */
+int update_path_in_gitmodules(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
+{
+	struct strbuf entry = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *path_option;
+
+	if (!file_exists(".gitmodules")) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
+		return -1;
+
+	if (gitmodules_is_unmerged)
+		die(_("Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"));
+
+	path_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, oldpath);
+	if (!path_option) {
+		warning(_("Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"), oldpath);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, "submodule.");
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, path_option->util);
+	strbuf_addstr(&entry, ".path");
+	if (git_config_set_in_file(".gitmodules", entry.buf, newpath) < 0) {
+		/* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+		warning(_("Could not update .gitmodules entry %s"), entry.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&entry);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&entry);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Try to remove the "submodule.<name>" section from .gitmodules where the given
+ * path is configured. Return 0 only if a .gitmodules file was found, a section
+ * with the correct path=<path> setting was found and we could remove it.
+ */
+int remove_path_from_gitmodules(const char *path)
+{
+	struct strbuf sect = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct string_list_item *path_option;
+
+	if (!file_exists(".gitmodules")) /* Do nothing without .gitmodules */
+		return -1;
+
+	if (gitmodules_is_unmerged)
+		die(_("Cannot change unmerged .gitmodules, resolve merge conflicts first"));
+
+	path_option = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, path);
+	if (!path_option) {
+		warning(_("Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=%s"), path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_addstr(&sect, "submodule.");
+	strbuf_addstr(&sect, path_option->util);
+	if (git_config_rename_section_in_file(".gitmodules", sect.buf, NULL) < 0) {
+		/* Maybe the user already did that, don't error out here */
+		warning(_("Could not remove .gitmodules entry for %s"), path);
+		strbuf_release(&sect);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&sect);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void stage_updated_gitmodules(void)
+{
+	if (add_file_to_cache(".gitmodules", 0))
+		die(_("staging updated .gitmodules failed"));
+}
+
 static int add_submodule_odb(const char *path)
 {
 	struct strbuf objects_directory = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -63,6 +153,9 @@ static int add_submodule_odb(const char *path)
 	alt_odb->name[40] = '\0';
 	alt_odb->name[41] = '\0';
 	alt_odb_list = alt_odb;
+
+	/* add possible alternates from the submodule */
+	read_info_alternates(objects_directory.buf, 0);
 	prepare_alt_odb();
 done:
 	strbuf_release(&objects_directory);
@@ -85,7 +178,7 @@ void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
 
 int submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 {
-	if (!prefixcmp(var, "submodule."))
+	if (starts_with(var, "submodule."))
 		return parse_submodule_config_option(var, value);
 	else if (!strcmp(var, "fetch.recursesubmodules")) {
 		config_fetch_recurse_submodules = parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(var, value);
@@ -113,6 +206,11 @@ void gitmodules_config(void)
 				    !memcmp(ce->name, ".gitmodules", 11))
 					gitmodules_is_unmerged = 1;
 			}
+		} else if (pos < active_nr) {
+			struct stat st;
+			if (lstat(".gitmodules", &st) == 0 &&
+			    ce_match_stat(active_cache[pos], &st, 0) & DATA_CHANGED)
+				gitmodules_is_modified = 1;
 		}
 
 		if (!gitmodules_is_unmerged)
@@ -123,45 +221,50 @@ void gitmodules_config(void)
 
 int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value)
 {
-	int len;
 	struct string_list_item *config;
-	struct strbuf submodname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *name, *key;
+	int namelen;
+
+	if (parse_config_key(var, "submodule", &name, &namelen, &key) < 0 || !name)
+		return 0;
 
-	var += 10;		/* Skip "submodule." */
+	if (!strcmp(key, "path")) {
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
 
-	len = strlen(var);
-	if ((len > 5) && !strcmp(var + len - 5, ".path")) {
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 5);
 		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_name_for_path, value);
 		if (config)
 			free(config->util);
 		else
 			config = string_list_append(&config_name_for_path, xstrdup(value));
-		config->util = strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL);
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-	} else if ((len > 23) && !strcmp(var + len - 23, ".fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 23);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, submodname.buf);
+		config->util = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "fetchrecursesubmodules")) {
+		char *name_cstr = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, name_cstr);
 		if (!config)
-			config = string_list_append(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name,
-						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
+			config = string_list_append(&config_fetch_recurse_submodules_for_name, name_cstr);
+		else
+			free(name_cstr);
 		config->util = (void *)(intptr_t)parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(var, value);
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
-	} else if ((len > 7) && !strcmp(var + len - 7, ".ignore")) {
+	} else if (!strcmp(key, "ignore")) {
+		char *name_cstr;
+
+		if (!value)
+			return config_error_nonbool(var);
+
 		if (strcmp(value, "untracked") && strcmp(value, "dirty") &&
 		    strcmp(value, "all") && strcmp(value, "none")) {
 			warning("Invalid parameter \"%s\" for config option \"submodule.%s.ignore\"", value, var);
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		strbuf_add(&submodname, var, len - 7);
-		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, submodname.buf);
-		if (config)
+		name_cstr = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		config = unsorted_string_list_lookup(&config_ignore_for_name, name_cstr);
+		if (config) {
 			free(config->util);
-		else
-			config = string_list_append(&config_ignore_for_name,
-						    strbuf_detach(&submodname, NULL));
-		strbuf_release(&submodname);
+			free(name_cstr);
+		} else
+			config = string_list_append(&config_ignore_for_name, name_cstr);
 		config->util = xstrdup(value);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -198,7 +301,7 @@ static int prepare_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, const char *path,
 	left->object.flags |= SYMMETRIC_LEFT;
 	add_pending_object(rev, &left->object, path);
 	add_pending_object(rev, &right->object, path);
-	merge_bases = get_merge_bases(left, right, 1);
+	merge_bases = get_merge_bases(left, right);
 	if (merge_bases) {
 		if (merge_bases->item == left)
 			*fast_forward = 1;
@@ -214,6 +317,7 @@ static int prepare_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, const char *path,
 }
 
 static void print_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, FILE *f,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
 {
 	static const char format[] = "  %m %s";
@@ -223,7 +327,9 @@ static void print_submodule_summary(struct rev_info *rev, FILE *f,
 	while ((commit = get_revision(rev))) {
 		struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
 		ctx.date_mode = rev->date_mode;
+		ctx.output_encoding = get_log_output_encoding();
 		strbuf_setlen(&sb, 0);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, line_prefix);
 		if (commit->object.flags & SYMMETRIC_LEFT) {
 			if (del)
 				strbuf_addstr(&sb, del);
@@ -254,12 +360,13 @@ int parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg)
 }
 
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
-		unsigned dirty_submodule,
+		unsigned dirty_submodule, const char *meta,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
-	struct commit *left = left, *right = right;
+	struct commit *left = NULL, *right = NULL;
 	const char *message = NULL;
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int fast_forward = 0, fast_backward = 0;
@@ -273,38 +380,39 @@ void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
 	else if (!(left = lookup_commit_reference(one)) ||
 		 !(right = lookup_commit_reference(two)))
 		message = "(commits not present)";
-
-	if (!message &&
-	    prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right,
-					&fast_forward, &fast_backward))
+	else if (prepare_submodule_summary(&rev, path, left, right,
+					   &fast_forward, &fast_backward))
 		message = "(revision walker failed)";
 
 	if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED)
-		fprintf(f, "Submodule %s contains untracked content\n", path);
+		fprintf(f, "%sSubmodule %s contains untracked content\n",
+			line_prefix, path);
 	if (dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED)
-		fprintf(f, "Submodule %s contains modified content\n", path);
+		fprintf(f, "%sSubmodule %s contains modified content\n",
+			line_prefix, path);
 
 	if (!hashcmp(one, two)) {
 		strbuf_release(&sb);
 		return;
 	}
 
-	strbuf_addf(&sb, "Submodule %s %s..", path,
+	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s%sSubmodule %s %s..", line_prefix, meta, path,
 			find_unique_abbrev(one, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	if (!fast_backward && !fast_forward)
 		strbuf_addch(&sb, '.');
 	strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s", find_unique_abbrev(two, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
 	if (message)
-		strbuf_addf(&sb, " %s\n", message);
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, " %s%s\n", message, reset);
 	else
-		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "");
+		strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s:%s\n", fast_backward ? " (rewind)" : "", reset);
 	fwrite(sb.buf, sb.len, 1, f);
 
-	if (!message) {
-		print_submodule_summary(&rev, f, del, add, reset);
+	if (!message) /* only NULL if we succeeded in setting up the walk */
+		print_submodule_summary(&rev, f, line_prefix, del, add, reset);
+	if (left)
 		clear_commit_marks(left, ~0);
+	if (right)
 		clear_commit_marks(right, ~0);
-	}
 
 	strbuf_release(&sb);
 }
@@ -325,13 +433,12 @@ static int submodule_needs_pushing(const char *path, const unsigned char sha1[20
 		return 0;
 
 	if (for_each_remote_ref_submodule(path, has_remote, NULL) > 0) {
-		struct child_process cp;
+		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 		const char *argv[] = {"rev-list", NULL, "--not", "--remotes", "-n", "1" , NULL};
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		int needs_pushing = 0;
 
 		argv[1] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
-		memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 		cp.argv = argv;
 		cp.env = local_repo_env;
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -357,21 +464,19 @@ static void collect_submodules_from_diff(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 					 void *data)
 {
 	int i;
-	int *needs_pushing = data;
+	struct string_list *needs_pushing = data;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nr; i++) {
 		struct diff_filepair *p = q->queue[i];
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(p->two->mode))
 			continue;
-		if (submodule_needs_pushing(p->two->path, p->two->sha1)) {
-			*needs_pushing = 1;
-			break;
-		}
+		if (submodule_needs_pushing(p->two->path, p->two->sha1))
+			string_list_insert(needs_pushing, p->two->path);
 	}
 }
 
-
-static void commit_need_pushing(struct commit *commit, int *needs_pushing)
+static void find_unpushed_submodule_commits(struct commit *commit,
+		struct string_list *needs_pushing)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 
@@ -382,14 +487,15 @@ static void commit_need_pushing(struct commit *commit, int *needs_pushing)
 	diff_tree_combined_merge(commit, 1, &rev);
 }
 
-int check_submodule_needs_pushing(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name)
+int find_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20],
+		const char *remotes_name, struct string_list *needs_pushing)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	const char *argv[] = {NULL, NULL, "--not", "NULL", NULL};
 	int argc = ARRAY_SIZE(argv) - 1;
 	char *sha1_copy;
-	int needs_pushing = 0;
+
 	struct strbuf remotes_arg = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	strbuf_addf(&remotes_arg, "--remotes=%s", remotes_name);
@@ -401,13 +507,58 @@ int check_submodule_needs_pushing(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remote
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 
-	while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) && !needs_pushing)
-		commit_need_pushing(commit, &needs_pushing);
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL)
+		find_unpushed_submodule_commits(commit, needs_pushing);
 
+	reset_revision_walk();
 	free(sha1_copy);
 	strbuf_release(&remotes_arg);
 
-	return needs_pushing;
+	return needs_pushing->nr;
+}
+
+static int push_submodule(const char *path)
+{
+	if (add_submodule_odb(path))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (for_each_remote_ref_submodule(path, has_remote, NULL) > 0) {
+		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+		const char *argv[] = {"push", NULL};
+
+		cp.argv = argv;
+		cp.env = local_repo_env;
+		cp.git_cmd = 1;
+		cp.no_stdin = 1;
+		cp.dir = path;
+		if (run_command(&cp))
+			return 0;
+		close(cp.out);
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int push_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name)
+{
+	int i, ret = 1;
+	struct string_list needs_pushing = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	if (!find_unpushed_submodules(new_sha1, remotes_name, &needs_pushing))
+		return 1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < needs_pushing.nr; i++) {
+		const char *path = needs_pushing.items[i].string;
+		fprintf(stderr, "Pushing submodule '%s'\n", path);
+		if (!push_submodule(path)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Unable to push submodule '%s'\n", path);
+			ret = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	string_list_clear(&needs_pushing, 0);
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int is_submodule_commit_present(const char *path, unsigned char sha1[20])
@@ -416,22 +567,19 @@ static int is_submodule_commit_present(const char *path, unsigned char sha1[20])
 	if (!add_submodule_odb(path) && lookup_commit_reference(sha1)) {
 		/* Even if the submodule is checked out and the commit is
 		 * present, make sure it is reachable from a ref. */
-		struct child_process cp;
+		struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 		const char *argv[] = {"rev-list", "-n", "1", NULL, "--not", "--all", NULL};
 		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		argv[3] = sha1_to_hex(sha1);
-		memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 		cp.argv = argv;
 		cp.env = local_repo_env;
 		cp.git_cmd = 1;
 		cp.no_stdin = 1;
-		cp.out = -1;
 		cp.dir = path;
-		if (!run_command(&cp) && !strbuf_read(&buf, cp.out, 1024))
+		if (!capture_command(&cp, &buf, 1024) && !buf.len)
 			is_present = 1;
 
-		close(cp.out);
 		strbuf_release(&buf);
 	}
 	return is_present;
@@ -523,8 +671,7 @@ static void calculate_changed_submodule_paths(void)
 			DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 			diff_opts.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
 			diff_opts.format_callback = submodule_collect_changed_cb;
-			if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-				die("diff_setup_done failed");
+			diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
 			diff_tree_sha1(parent->item->object.sha1, commit->object.sha1, "", &diff_opts);
 			diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
 			diff_flush(&diff_opts);
@@ -538,33 +685,27 @@ static void calculate_changed_submodule_paths(void)
 	initialized_fetch_ref_tips = 0;
 }
 
-int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
+int fetch_populated_submodules(const struct argv_array *options,
 			       const char *prefix, int command_line_option,
 			       int quiet)
 {
-	int i, result = 0, argc = 0, default_argc;
-	struct child_process cp;
-	const char **argv;
+	int i, result = 0;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct argv_array argv = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct string_list_item *name_for_path;
 	const char *work_tree = get_git_work_tree();
 	if (!work_tree)
 		goto out;
 
-	if (!the_index.initialized)
-		if (read_cache() < 0)
-			die("index file corrupt");
+	if (read_cache() < 0)
+		die("index file corrupt");
 
-	/* 6: "fetch" (options) --recurse-submodules-default default "--submodule-prefix" prefix NULL */
-	argv = xcalloc(num_options + 6, sizeof(const char *));
-	argv[argc++] = "fetch";
-	for (i = 0; i < num_options; i++)
-		argv[argc++] = options[i];
-	argv[argc++] = "--recurse-submodules-default";
-	default_argc = argc++;
-	argv[argc++] = "--submodule-prefix";
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "fetch");
+	for (i = 0; i < options->argc; i++)
+		argv_array_push(&argv, options->argv[i]);
+	argv_array_push(&argv, "--recurse-submodules-default");
+	/* default value, "--submodule-prefix" and its value are added later */
 
-	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
-	cp.argv = argv;
 	cp.env = local_repo_env;
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
 	cp.no_stdin = 1;
@@ -575,7 +716,7 @@ int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
 		struct strbuf submodule_path = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct strbuf submodule_git_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 		struct strbuf submodule_prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		const char *git_dir, *name, *default_argv;
 
 		if (!S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode))
@@ -624,16 +765,21 @@ int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
 			if (!quiet)
 				printf("Fetching submodule %s%s\n", prefix, ce->name);
 			cp.dir = submodule_path.buf;
-			argv[default_argc] = default_argv;
-			argv[argc] = submodule_prefix.buf;
+			argv_array_push(&argv, default_argv);
+			argv_array_push(&argv, "--submodule-prefix");
+			argv_array_push(&argv, submodule_prefix.buf);
+			cp.argv = argv.argv;
 			if (run_command(&cp))
 				result = 1;
+			argv_array_pop(&argv);
+			argv_array_pop(&argv);
+			argv_array_pop(&argv);
 		}
 		strbuf_release(&submodule_path);
 		strbuf_release(&submodule_git_dir);
 		strbuf_release(&submodule_prefix);
 	}
-	free(argv);
+	argv_array_clear(&argv);
 out:
 	string_list_clear(&changed_submodule_paths, 1);
 	return result;
@@ -642,7 +788,7 @@ out:
 unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked)
 {
 	ssize_t len;
-	struct child_process cp;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *argv[] = {
 		"status",
 		"--porcelain",
@@ -669,7 +815,6 @@ unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked)
 	if (ignore_untracked)
 		argv[2] = "-uno";
 
-	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 	cp.argv = argv;
 	cp.env = local_repo_env;
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
@@ -708,11 +853,89 @@ unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked)
 	return dirty_submodule;
 }
 
+int submodule_uses_gitfile(const char *path)
+{
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"submodule",
+		"foreach",
+		"--quiet",
+		"--recursive",
+		"test -f .git",
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *git_dir;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s/.git", path);
+	git_dir = read_gitfile(buf.buf);
+	if (!git_dir) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	/* Now test that all nested submodules use a gitfile too */
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.env = local_repo_env;
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.no_stderr = 1;
+	cp.no_stdout = 1;
+	cp.dir = path;
+	if (run_command(&cp))
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+int ok_to_remove_submodule(const char *path)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	ssize_t len;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *argv[] = {
+		"status",
+		"--porcelain",
+		"-u",
+		"--ignore-submodules=none",
+		NULL,
+	};
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int ok_to_remove = 1;
+
+	if ((lstat(path, &st) < 0) || is_empty_dir(path))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!submodule_uses_gitfile(path))
+		return 0;
+
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.env = local_repo_env;
+	cp.git_cmd = 1;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.out = -1;
+	cp.dir = path;
+	if (start_command(&cp))
+		die("Could not run 'git status --porcelain -uall --ignore-submodules=none' in submodule %s", path);
+
+	len = strbuf_read(&buf, cp.out, 1024);
+	if (len > 2)
+		ok_to_remove = 0;
+	close(cp.out);
+
+	if (finish_command(&cp))
+		die("'git status --porcelain -uall --ignore-submodules=none' failed in submodule %s", path);
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ok_to_remove;
+}
+
 static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 		struct commit *a, struct commit *b)
 {
 	int i, j;
-	struct object_array merges;
+	struct object_array merges = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
 	struct commit *commit;
 	int contains_another;
 
@@ -722,7 +945,6 @@ static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 	struct rev_info revs;
 	struct setup_revision_opt rev_opts;
 
-	memset(&merges, 0, sizeof(merges));
 	memset(result, 0, sizeof(struct object_array));
 	memset(&rev_opts, 0, sizeof(rev_opts));
 
@@ -731,16 +953,17 @@ static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 			sha1_to_hex(a->object.sha1));
 	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
 	rev_opts.submodule = path;
-	setup_revisions(sizeof(rev_args)/sizeof(char *)-1, rev_args, &revs, &rev_opts);
+	setup_revisions(ARRAY_SIZE(rev_args)-1, rev_args, &revs, &rev_opts);
 
 	/* save all revisions from the above list that contain b */
 	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
 		die("revision walk setup failed");
 	while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
 		struct object *o = &(commit->object);
-		if (in_merge_bases(b, &commit, 1))
+		if (in_merge_bases(b, commit))
 			add_object_array(o, NULL, &merges);
 	}
+	reset_revision_walk();
 
 	/* Now we've got all merges that contain a and b. Prune all
 	 * merges that contain another found merge and save them in
@@ -752,15 +975,14 @@ static int find_first_merges(struct object_array *result, const char *path,
 		contains_another = 0;
 		for (j = 0; j < merges.nr; j++) {
 			struct commit *m2 = (struct commit *) merges.objects[j].item;
-			if (i != j && in_merge_bases(m2, &m1, 1)) {
+			if (i != j && in_merge_bases(m2, m1)) {
 				contains_another = 1;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (!contains_another)
-			add_object_array(merges.objects[i].item,
-					 merges.objects[i].name, result);
+			add_object_array(merges.objects[i].item, NULL, result);
 	}
 
 	free(merges.objects);
@@ -814,18 +1036,18 @@ int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path,
 	}
 
 	/* check whether both changes are forward */
-	if (!in_merge_bases(commit_base, &commit_a, 1) ||
-	    !in_merge_bases(commit_base, &commit_b, 1)) {
+	if (!in_merge_bases(commit_base, commit_a) ||
+	    !in_merge_bases(commit_base, commit_b)) {
 		MERGE_WARNING(path, "commits don't follow merge-base");
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* Case #1: a is contained in b or vice versa */
-	if (in_merge_bases(commit_a, &commit_b, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(commit_a, commit_b)) {
 		hashcpy(result, b);
 		return 1;
 	}
-	if (in_merge_bases(commit_b, &commit_a, 1)) {
+	if (in_merge_bases(commit_b, commit_a)) {
 		hashcpy(result, a);
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -871,3 +1093,34 @@ int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path,
 	free(merges.objects);
 	return 0;
 }
+
+/* Update gitfile and core.worktree setting to connect work tree and git dir */
+void connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(const char *work_tree, const char *git_dir)
+{
+	struct strbuf file_name = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf rel_path = STRBUF_INIT;
+	const char *real_work_tree = xstrdup(real_path(work_tree));
+	FILE *fp;
+
+	/* Update gitfile */
+	strbuf_addf(&file_name, "%s/.git", work_tree);
+	fp = fopen(file_name.buf, "w");
+	if (!fp)
+		die(_("Could not create git link %s"), file_name.buf);
+	fprintf(fp, "gitdir: %s\n", relative_path(git_dir, real_work_tree,
+						  &rel_path));
+	fclose(fp);
+
+	/* Update core.worktree setting */
+	strbuf_reset(&file_name);
+	strbuf_addf(&file_name, "%s/config", git_dir);
+	if (git_config_set_in_file(file_name.buf, "core.worktree",
+				   relative_path(real_work_tree, git_dir,
+						 &rel_path)))
+		die(_("Could not set core.worktree in %s"),
+		    file_name.buf);
+
+	strbuf_release(&file_name);
+	strbuf_release(&rel_path);
+	free((void *)real_work_tree);
+}
diff --git a/submodule.h b/submodule.h
index 80e04f3c8c..7beec4822b 100644
--- a/submodule.h
+++ b/submodule.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define SUBMODULE_H
 
 struct diff_options;
+struct argv_array;
 
 enum {
 	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND = -1,
@@ -10,25 +11,35 @@ enum {
 	RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON = 2
 };
 
+int is_staging_gitmodules_ok(void);
+int update_path_in_gitmodules(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath);
+int remove_path_from_gitmodules(const char *path);
+void stage_updated_gitmodules(void);
 void set_diffopt_flags_from_submodule_config(struct diff_options *diffopt,
 		const char *path);
 int submodule_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
-void gitmodules_config();
+void gitmodules_config(void);
 int parse_submodule_config_option(const char *var, const char *value);
 void handle_ignore_submodules_arg(struct diff_options *diffopt, const char *);
 int parse_fetch_recurse_submodules_arg(const char *opt, const char *arg);
 void show_submodule_summary(FILE *f, const char *path,
+		const char *line_prefix,
 		unsigned char one[20], unsigned char two[20],
-		unsigned dirty_submodule,
+		unsigned dirty_submodule, const char *meta,
 		const char *del, const char *add, const char *reset);
 void set_config_fetch_recurse_submodules(int value);
 void check_for_new_submodule_commits(unsigned char new_sha1[20]);
-int fetch_populated_submodules(int num_options, const char **options,
+int fetch_populated_submodules(const struct argv_array *options,
 			       const char *prefix, int command_line_option,
 			       int quiet);
 unsigned is_submodule_modified(const char *path, int ignore_untracked);
+int submodule_uses_gitfile(const char *path);
+int ok_to_remove_submodule(const char *path);
 int merge_submodule(unsigned char result[20], const char *path, const unsigned char base[20],
 		    const unsigned char a[20], const unsigned char b[20], int search);
-int check_submodule_needs_pushing(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name);
+int find_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name,
+		struct string_list *needs_pushing);
+int push_unpushed_submodules(unsigned char new_sha1[20], const char *remotes_name);
+void connect_work_tree_and_git_dir(const char *work_tree, const char *git_dir);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/symlinks.c b/symlinks.c
index 034943bda0..5261e8cf49 100644
--- a/symlinks.c
+++ b/symlinks.c
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
+static int threaded_check_leading_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len);
+static int threaded_has_dirs_only_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len, int prefix_len);
+
 /*
  * Returns the length (on a path component basis) of the longest
  * common prefix match of 'name_a' and 'name_b'.
@@ -32,12 +35,11 @@ static int longest_path_match(const char *name_a, int len_a,
 	return match_len;
 }
 
-static struct cache_def default_cache;
+static struct cache_def default_cache = CACHE_DEF_INIT;
 
 static inline void reset_lstat_cache(struct cache_def *cache)
 {
-	cache->path[0] = '\0';
-	cache->len = 0;
+	strbuf_reset(&cache->path);
 	cache->flags = 0;
 	/*
 	 * The track_flags and prefix_len_stat_func members is only
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ static int lstat_cache_matchlen(struct cache_def *cache,
 				int prefix_len_stat_func)
 {
 	int match_len, last_slash, last_slash_dir, previous_slash;
-	int save_flags, max_len, ret;
+	int save_flags, ret;
 	struct stat st;
 
 	if (cache->track_flags != track_flags ||
@@ -90,14 +92,14 @@ static int lstat_cache_matchlen(struct cache_def *cache,
 		 * the 2 "excluding" path types.
 		 */
 		match_len = last_slash =
-			longest_path_match(name, len, cache->path, cache->len,
-					   &previous_slash);
+			longest_path_match(name, len, cache->path.buf,
+					   cache->path.len, &previous_slash);
 		*ret_flags = cache->flags & track_flags & (FL_NOENT|FL_SYMLINK);
 
 		if (!(track_flags & FL_FULLPATH) && match_len == len)
 			match_len = last_slash = previous_slash;
 
-		if (*ret_flags && match_len == cache->len)
+		if (*ret_flags && match_len == cache->path.len)
 			return match_len;
 		/*
 		 * If we now have match_len > 0, we would know that
@@ -118,21 +120,22 @@ static int lstat_cache_matchlen(struct cache_def *cache,
 	 */
 	*ret_flags = FL_DIR;
 	last_slash_dir = last_slash;
-	max_len = len < PATH_MAX ? len : PATH_MAX;
-	while (match_len < max_len) {
+	if (len > cache->path.len)
+		strbuf_grow(&cache->path, len - cache->path.len);
+	while (match_len < len) {
 		do {
-			cache->path[match_len] = name[match_len];
+			cache->path.buf[match_len] = name[match_len];
 			match_len++;
-		} while (match_len < max_len && name[match_len] != '/');
-		if (match_len >= max_len && !(track_flags & FL_FULLPATH))
+		} while (match_len < len && name[match_len] != '/');
+		if (match_len >= len && !(track_flags & FL_FULLPATH))
 			break;
 		last_slash = match_len;
-		cache->path[last_slash] = '\0';
+		cache->path.buf[last_slash] = '\0';
 
 		if (last_slash <= prefix_len_stat_func)
-			ret = stat(cache->path, &st);
+			ret = stat(cache->path.buf, &st);
 		else
-			ret = lstat(cache->path, &st);
+			ret = lstat(cache->path.buf, &st);
 
 		if (ret) {
 			*ret_flags = FL_LSTATERR;
@@ -155,12 +158,11 @@ static int lstat_cache_matchlen(struct cache_def *cache,
 	 * for the moment!
 	 */
 	save_flags = *ret_flags & track_flags & (FL_NOENT|FL_SYMLINK);
-	if (save_flags && last_slash > 0 && last_slash <= PATH_MAX) {
-		cache->path[last_slash] = '\0';
-		cache->len = last_slash;
+	if (save_flags && last_slash > 0) {
+		cache->path.buf[last_slash] = '\0';
+		cache->path.len = last_slash;
 		cache->flags = save_flags;
-	} else if ((track_flags & FL_DIR) &&
-		   last_slash_dir > 0 && last_slash_dir <= PATH_MAX) {
+	} else if ((track_flags & FL_DIR) && last_slash_dir > 0) {
 		/*
 		 * We have a separate test for the directory case,
 		 * since it could be that we have found a symlink or a
@@ -172,8 +174,8 @@ static int lstat_cache_matchlen(struct cache_def *cache,
 		 * can still cache the path components before the last
 		 * one (the found symlink or non-existing component).
 		 */
-		cache->path[last_slash_dir] = '\0';
-		cache->len = last_slash_dir;
+		cache->path.buf[last_slash_dir] = '\0';
+		cache->path.len = last_slash_dir;
 		cache->flags = FL_DIR;
 	} else {
 		reset_lstat_cache(cache);
@@ -219,7 +221,20 @@ int has_symlink_leading_path(const char *name, int len)
  */
 int check_leading_path(const char *name, int len)
 {
-	struct cache_def *cache = &default_cache;	/* FIXME */
+    return threaded_check_leading_path(&default_cache, name, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return zero if path 'name' has a leading symlink component or
+ * if some leading path component does not exists.
+ *
+ * Return -1 if leading path exists and is a directory.
+ *
+ * Return path length if leading path exists and is neither a
+ * directory nor a symlink.
+ */
+static int threaded_check_leading_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len)
+{
 	int flags;
 	int match_len = lstat_cache_matchlen(cache, name, len, &flags,
 			   FL_SYMLINK|FL_NOENT|FL_DIR, USE_ONLY_LSTAT);
@@ -240,27 +255,35 @@ int check_leading_path(const char *name, int len)
  */
 int has_dirs_only_path(const char *name, int len, int prefix_len)
 {
-	struct cache_def *cache = &default_cache;	/* FIXME */
+	return threaded_has_dirs_only_path(&default_cache, name, len, prefix_len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return non-zero if all path components of 'name' exists as a
+ * directory.  If prefix_len > 0, we will test with the stat()
+ * function instead of the lstat() function for a prefix length of
+ * 'prefix_len', thus we then allow for symlinks in the prefix part as
+ * long as those points to real existing directories.
+ */
+static int threaded_has_dirs_only_path(struct cache_def *cache, const char *name, int len, int prefix_len)
+{
 	return lstat_cache(cache, name, len,
 			   FL_DIR|FL_FULLPATH, prefix_len) &
 		FL_DIR;
 }
 
-static struct removal_def {
-	char path[PATH_MAX];
-	int len;
-} removal;
+static struct strbuf removal = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 static void do_remove_scheduled_dirs(int new_len)
 {
 	while (removal.len > new_len) {
-		removal.path[removal.len] = '\0';
-		if (rmdir(removal.path))
+		removal.buf[removal.len] = '\0';
+		if (rmdir(removal.buf))
 			break;
 		do {
 			removal.len--;
 		} while (removal.len > new_len &&
-			 removal.path[removal.len] != '/');
+			 removal.buf[removal.len] != '/');
 	}
 	removal.len = new_len;
 }
@@ -270,7 +293,7 @@ void schedule_dir_for_removal(const char *name, int len)
 	int match_len, last_slash, i, previous_slash;
 
 	match_len = last_slash = i =
-		longest_path_match(name, len, removal.path, removal.len,
+		longest_path_match(name, len, removal.buf, removal.len,
 				   &previous_slash);
 	/* Find last slash inside 'name' */
 	while (i < len) {
@@ -290,11 +313,8 @@ void schedule_dir_for_removal(const char *name, int len)
 	 * If we go deeper down the directory tree, we only need to
 	 * save the new path components as we go down.
 	 */
-	if (match_len < last_slash) {
-		memcpy(&removal.path[match_len], &name[match_len],
-		       last_slash - match_len);
-		removal.len = last_slash;
-	}
+	if (match_len < last_slash)
+		strbuf_add(&removal, &name[match_len], last_slash - match_len);
 }
 
 void remove_scheduled_dirs(void)
diff --git a/t/.gitattributes b/t/.gitattributes
index 1b97c5465b..2d44088f56 100644
--- a/t/.gitattributes
+++ b/t/.gitattributes
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]/* -whitespace
+t0110/url-* binary
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/00compile.t b/t/Git-SVN/00compile.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c92fee453f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/00compile.t
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More tests => 7;
+
+require_ok 'Git::SVN';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Utils';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Ra';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Log';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::Migration';
+require_ok 'Git::IndexInfo';
+require_ok 'Git::SVN::GlobSpec';
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/add_path_to_url.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/add_path_to_url.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..bfbd87845f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/add_path_to_url.t
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	add_path_to_url
+);
+
+# A reference cannot be a hash key, so we use an array.
+my @tests = (
+	["http://x.com", "bar"]			=> 'http://x.com/bar',
+	["http://x.com", ""]			=> 'http://x.com',
+	["http://x.com/foo/", undef]		=> 'http://x.com/foo/',
+	["http://x.com/foo/", "/bar/baz/"]	=> 'http://x.com/foo/bar/baz/',
+	["http://x.com", 'per%cent']		=> 'http://x.com/per%25cent',
+);
+
+while(@tests) {
+	my($have, $want) = splice @tests, 0, 2;
+
+	my $args = join ", ", map { qq['$_'] } map { defined($_) ? $_ : 'undef' } @$have;
+	my $name = "add_path_to_url($args) eq $want";
+	is add_path_to_url(@$have), $want, $name;
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/can_compress.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/can_compress.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d7b49b8d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/can_compress.t
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(can_compress);
+
+# !! is the "convert this to boolean" operator.
+is !!can_compress(), !!eval { require Compress::Zlib };
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/canonicalize_url.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/canonicalize_url.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..05795ab636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/canonicalize_url.t
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+# Test our own home rolled URL canonicalizer.  Test the private one
+# directly because we can't predict what the SVN API is doing to do.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils;
+my $canonicalize_url = \&Git::SVN::Utils::_canonicalize_url_ourselves;
+
+my %tests = (
+	"http://x.com"			=> "http://x.com",
+	"http://x.com/"			=> "http://x.com",
+	"http://x.com/foo/bar"		=> "http://x.com/foo/bar",
+	"http://x.com//foo//bar//"	=> "http://x.com/foo/bar",
+	"http://x.com/  /%/"		=> "http://x.com/%20%20/%25",
+);
+
+for my $arg (keys %tests) {
+	my $want = $tests{$arg};
+
+	is $canonicalize_url->($arg), $want, "canonicalize_url('$arg') => $want";
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/collapse_dotdot.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/collapse_dotdot.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1da1cce156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/collapse_dotdot.t
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils;
+my $collapse_dotdot = \&Git::SVN::Utils::_collapse_dotdot;
+
+my %tests = (
+	"foo/bar/baz"			=> "foo/bar/baz",
+	".."				=> "..",
+	"foo/.."			=> "",
+	"/foo/bar/../../baz"		=> "/baz",
+	"deeply/.././deeply/nested"	=> "./deeply/nested",
+);
+
+for my $arg (keys %tests) {
+	my $want = $tests{$arg};
+
+	is $collapse_dotdot->($arg), $want, "_collapse_dotdot('$arg') => $want";
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/fatal.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/fatal.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..49e1438295
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/fatal.t
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+BEGIN {
+	# Override exit at BEGIN time before Git::SVN::Utils is loaded
+	# so it will see our local exit later.
+	*CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub(;$) {
+	return @_ ? CORE::exit($_[0]) : CORE::exit();
+	};
+}
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(fatal);
+
+# fatal()
+{
+	# Capture the exit code and prevent exit.
+	my $exit_status;
+	no warnings 'redefine';
+	local *CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub { $exit_status = $_[0] || 0 };
+
+	# Trap fatal's message to STDERR
+	my $stderr;
+	close STDERR;
+	ok open STDERR, ">", \$stderr;
+
+	fatal "Some", "Stuff", "Happened";
+
+	is $stderr, "Some Stuff Happened\n";
+	is $exit_status, 1;
+}
diff --git a/t/Git-SVN/Utils/join_paths.t b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/join_paths.t
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d4488e7162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/Git-SVN/Utils/join_paths.t
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More 'no_plan';
+
+use Git::SVN::Utils qw(
+	join_paths
+);
+
+# A reference cannot be a hash key, so we use an array.
+my @tests = (
+	[]					=> '',
+	["/x.com", "bar"]			=> '/x.com/bar',
+	["x.com", ""]				=> 'x.com',
+	["/x.com/foo/", undef, "bar"]		=> '/x.com/foo/bar',
+	["x.com/foo/", "/bar/baz/"]		=> 'x.com/foo/bar/baz/',
+	["foo", "bar"]				=> 'foo/bar',
+	["/foo/bar", "baz", "/biff"]		=> '/foo/bar/baz/biff',
+	["", undef, "."]			=> '.',
+	[]					=> '',
+
+);
+
+while(@tests) {
+	my($have, $want) = splice @tests, 0, 2;
+
+	my $args = join ", ", map { qq['$_'] } map { defined($_) ? $_ : 'undef' } @$have;
+	my $name = "join_paths($args) eq '$want'";
+	is join_paths(@$have), $want, $name;
+}
diff --git a/t/Makefile b/t/Makefile
index 6091211f10..43b15e36ae 100644
--- a/t/Makefile
+++ b/t/Makefile
@@ -6,20 +6,30 @@
 -include ../config.mak.autogen
 -include ../config.mak
 
-#GIT_TEST_OPTS=--verbose --debug
+#GIT_TEST_OPTS = --verbose --debug
 SHELL_PATH ?= $(SHELL)
 PERL_PATH ?= /usr/bin/perl
 TAR ?= $(TAR)
 RM ?= rm -f
 PROVE ?= prove
 DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET ?= test
+TEST_LINT ?= test-lint
+
+ifdef TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY = $(TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)/test-results
+else
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY = test-results
+endif
 
 # Shell quote;
 SHELL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(SHELL_PATH))
+PERL_PATH_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(PERL_PATH))
+TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ = $(subst ','\'',$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY))
 
 T = $(sort $(wildcard t[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
 TSVN = $(sort $(wildcard t91[0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
 TGITWEB = $(sort $(wildcard t95[0-9][0-9]-*.sh))
+THELPERS = $(sort $(filter-out $(T),$(wildcard *.sh)))
 
 all: $(DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET)
 
@@ -27,21 +37,23 @@ test: pre-clean $(TEST_LINT)
 	$(MAKE) aggregate-results-and-cleanup
 
 prove: pre-clean $(TEST_LINT)
-	@echo "*** prove ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config $(PROVE) --exec '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $(GIT_PROVE_OPTS) $(T) :: $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
-	$(MAKE) clean
+	@echo "*** prove ***"; $(PROVE) --exec '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $(GIT_PROVE_OPTS) $(T) :: $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
+	$(MAKE) clean-except-prove-cache
 
 $(T):
-	@echo "*** $@ ***"; GIT_CONFIG=.git/config '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $@ $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
+	@echo "*** $@ ***"; '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' $@ $(GIT_TEST_OPTS)
 
 pre-clean:
-	$(RM) -r test-results
+	$(RM) -r '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'
 
-clean:
-	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* test-results
+clean-except-prove-cache:
+	$(RM) -r 'trash directory'.* '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'
 	$(RM) -r valgrind/bin
+
+clean: clean-except-prove-cache
 	$(RM) .prove
 
-test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable
+test-lint: test-lint-duplicates test-lint-executable test-lint-shell-syntax
 
 test-lint-duplicates:
 	@dups=`echo $(T) | tr ' ' '\n' | sed 's/-.*//' | sort | uniq -d` && \
@@ -53,12 +65,15 @@ test-lint-executable:
 		test -z "$$bad" || { \
 		echo >&2 "non-executable tests:" $$bad; exit 1; }
 
+test-lint-shell-syntax:
+	@'$(PERL_PATH_SQ)' check-non-portable-shell.pl $(T) $(THELPERS)
+
 aggregate-results-and-cleanup: $(T)
 	$(MAKE) aggregate-results
 	$(MAKE) clean
 
 aggregate-results:
-	for f in test-results/t*-*.counts; do \
+	for f in '$(TEST_RESULTS_DIRECTORY_SQ)'/t*-*.counts; do \
 		echo "$$f"; \
 	done | '$(SHELL_PATH_SQ)' ./aggregate-results.sh
 
@@ -76,42 +91,4 @@ valgrind:
 perf:
 	$(MAKE) -C perf/ all
 
-# Smoke testing targets
--include ../GIT-VERSION-FILE
-uname_S := $(shell sh -c 'uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo unknown')
-uname_M := $(shell sh -c 'uname -m 2>/dev/null || echo unknown')
-
-test-results:
-	mkdir -p test-results
-
-test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz: test-results
-	$(PERL_PATH) ./harness \
-		--archive="test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz" \
-		$(T)
-
-smoke: test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz
-
-SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS =
-ifdef SMOKE_USERNAME
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F username="$(SMOKE_USERNAME)" -F password="$(SMOKE_PASSWORD)"
-endif
-ifdef SMOKE_COMMENT
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F comments="$(SMOKE_COMMENT)"
-endif
-ifdef SMOKE_TAGS
-	SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS += -F tags="$(SMOKE_TAGS)"
-endif
-
-smoke_report: smoke
-	curl \
-		-H "Expect: " \
-		-F project=Git \
-		-F architecture="$(uname_M)" \
-		-F platform="$(uname_S)" \
-		-F revision="$(GIT_VERSION)" \
-		-F report_file=@test-results/git-smoke.tar.gz \
-		$(SMOKE_UPLOAD_FLAGS) \
-		http://smoke.git.nix.is/app/projects/process_add_report/1 \
-	| grep -v ^Redirecting
-
 .PHONY: pre-clean $(T) aggregate-results clean valgrind perf
diff --git a/t/README b/t/README
index 3534f43d01..35438bca48 100644
--- a/t/README
+++ b/t/README
@@ -71,11 +71,24 @@ You can pass --verbose (or -v), --debug (or -d), and --immediate
 (or -i) command line argument to the test, or by setting GIT_TEST_OPTS
 appropriately before running "make".
 
+-v::
 --verbose::
 	This makes the test more verbose.  Specifically, the
 	command being run and their output if any are also
 	output.
 
+--verbose-only=<pattern>::
+	Like --verbose, but the effect is limited to tests with
+	numbers matching <pattern>.  The number matched against is
+	simply the running count of the test within the file.
+
+-x::
+	Turn on shell tracing (i.e., `set -x`) during the tests
+	themselves. Implies `--verbose`. Note that this can cause
+	failures in some tests which redirect and test the
+	output of shell functions. Use with caution.
+
+-d::
 --debug::
 	This may help the person who is developing a new test.
 	It causes the command defined with test_debug to run.
@@ -84,31 +97,56 @@ appropriately before running "make".
 	failed tests so that you can inspect its contents after
 	the test finished.
 
+-i::
 --immediate::
 	This causes the test to immediately exit upon the first
-	failed test.
+	failed test. Cleanup commands requested with
+	test_when_finished are not executed if the test failed,
+	in order to keep the state for inspection by the tester
+	to diagnose the bug.
 
+-l::
 --long-tests::
 	This causes additional long-running tests to be run (where
 	available), for more exhaustive testing.
 
---valgrind::
-	Execute all Git binaries with valgrind and exit with status
-	126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will only stop
-	the test script when running under -i).  Valgrind errors
-	go to stderr, so you might want to pass the -v option, too.
+-r::
+--run=<test-selector>::
+	Run only the subset of tests indicated by
+	<test-selector>.  See section "Skipping Tests" below for
+	<test-selector> syntax.
+
+--valgrind=<tool>::
+	Execute all Git binaries under valgrind tool <tool> and exit
+	with status 126 on errors (just like regular tests, this will
+	only stop the test script when running under -i).
 
 	Since it makes no sense to run the tests with --valgrind and
 	not see any output, this option implies --verbose.  For
 	convenience, it also implies --tee.
 
-	Note that valgrind is run with the option --leak-check=no,
+	<tool> defaults to 'memcheck', just like valgrind itself.
+	Other particularly useful choices include 'helgrind' and
+	'drd', but you may use any tool recognized by your valgrind
+	installation.
+
+	As a special case, <tool> can be 'memcheck-fast', which uses
+	memcheck but disables --track-origins.  Use this if you are
+	running tests in bulk, to see if there are _any_ memory
+	issues.
+
+	Note that memcheck is run with the option --leak-check=no,
 	as the git process is short-lived and some errors are not
 	interesting. In order to run a single command under the same
 	conditions manually, you should set GIT_VALGRIND to point to
 	the 't/valgrind/' directory and use the commands under
 	't/valgrind/bin/'.
 
+--valgrind-only=<pattern>::
+	Like --valgrind, but the effect is limited to tests with
+	numbers matching <pattern>.  The number matched against is
+	simply the running count of the test within the file.
+
 --tee::
 	In addition to printing the test output to the terminal,
 	write it to files named 't/test-results/$TEST_NAME.out'.
@@ -130,6 +168,16 @@ appropriately before running "make".
 	Using this option with a RAM-based filesystem (such as tmpfs)
 	can massively speed up the test suite.
 
+--chain-lint::
+--no-chain-lint::
+	If --chain-lint is enabled, the test harness will check each
+	test to make sure that it properly "&&-chains" all commands (so
+	that a failure in the middle does not go unnoticed by the final
+	exit code of the test). This check is performed in addition to
+	running the tests themselves. You may also enable or disable
+	this feature by setting the GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT environment
+	variable to "1" or "0", respectively.
+
 You can also set the GIT_TEST_INSTALLED environment variable to
 the bindir of an existing git installation to test that installation.
 You still need to have built this git sandbox, from which various
@@ -165,10 +213,77 @@ and either can match the "t[0-9]{4}" part to skip the whole
 test, or t[0-9]{4} followed by ".$number" to say which
 particular test to skip.
 
-Note that some tests in the existing test suite rely on previous
-test item, so you cannot arbitrarily disable one and expect the
-remainder of test to check what the test originally was intended
-to check.
+For an individual test suite --run could be used to specify that
+only some tests should be run or that some tests should be
+excluded from a run.
+
+The argument for --run is a list of individual test numbers or
+ranges with an optional negation prefix that define what tests in
+a test suite to include in the run.  A range is two numbers
+separated with a dash and matches a range of tests with both ends
+been included.  You may omit the first or the second number to
+mean "from the first test" or "up to the very last test"
+respectively.
+
+Optional prefix of '!' means that the test or a range of tests
+should be excluded from the run.
+
+If --run starts with an unprefixed number or range the initial
+set of tests to run is empty. If the first item starts with '!'
+all the tests are added to the initial set.  After initial set is
+determined every test number or range is added or excluded from
+the set one by one, from left to right.
+
+Individual numbers or ranges could be separated either by a space
+or a comma.
+
+For example, to run only tests up to a specific test (21), one
+could do this:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='1-21'
+
+or this:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='-21'
+
+Common case is to run several setup tests (1, 2, 3) and then a
+specific test (21) that relies on that setup:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='1 2 3 21'
+
+or:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run=1,2,3,21
+
+or:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='-3 21'
+
+As noted above, the test set is built going though items left to
+right, so this:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='1-4 !3'
+
+will run tests 1, 2, and 4.  Items that comes later have higher
+precendence.  It means that this:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='!3 1-4'
+
+would just run tests from 1 to 4, including 3.
+
+You may use negation with ranges.  The following will run all
+test in the test suite except from 7 up to 11:
+
+    $ sh ./t9200-git-cvsexport-commit.sh --run='!7-11'
+
+Some tests in a test suite rely on the previous tests performing
+certain actions, specifically some tests are designated as
+"setup" test, so you cannot _arbitrarily_ disable one test and
+expect the rest to function correctly.
+
+--run is mostly useful when you want to focus on a specific test
+and know what setup is needed for it.  Or when you want to run
+everything up to a certain test.
 
 
 Naming Tests
@@ -307,6 +422,33 @@ Don't:
    Use test_done instead if you need to stop the tests early (see
    "Skipping tests" below).
 
+ - use '! git cmd' when you want to make sure the git command exits
+   with failure in a controlled way by calling "die()".  Instead,
+   use 'test_must_fail git cmd'.  This will signal a failure if git
+   dies in an unexpected way (e.g. segfault).
+
+   On the other hand, don't use test_must_fail for running regular
+   platform commands; just use '! cmd'.  We are not in the business
+   of verifying that the world given to us sanely works.
+
+ - use perl without spelling it as "$PERL_PATH". This is to help our
+   friends on Windows where the platform Perl often adds CR before
+   the end of line, and they bundle Git with a version of Perl that
+   does not do so, whose path is specified with $PERL_PATH. Note that we
+   provide a "perl" function which uses $PERL_PATH under the hood, so
+   you do not need to worry when simply running perl in the test scripts
+   (but you do, for example, on a shebang line or in a sub script
+   created via "write_script").
+
+ - use sh without spelling it as "$SHELL_PATH", when the script can
+   be misinterpreted by broken platform shell (e.g. Solaris).
+
+ - chdir around in tests.  It is not sufficient to chdir to
+   somewhere and then chdir back to the original location later in
+   the test, as any intermediate step can fail and abort the test,
+   causing the next test to start in an unexpected directory.  Do so
+   inside a subshell if necessary.
+
  - Break the TAP output
 
    The raw output from your test may be interpreted by a TAP harness. TAP
@@ -342,9 +484,9 @@ If you need to skip tests you should do so by using the three-arg form
 of the test_* functions (see the "Test harness library" section
 below), e.g.:
 
-    test_expect_success PERL 'I need Perl' "
-        '$PERL_PATH' -e 'hlagh() if unf_unf()'
-    "
+    test_expect_success PERL 'I need Perl' '
+        perl -e "hlagh() if unf_unf()"
+    '
 
 The advantage of skipping tests like this is that platforms that don't
 have the PERL and other optional dependencies get an indication of how
@@ -476,7 +618,7 @@ library for your script to use.
 
 	test_external \
 	    'GitwebCache::*FileCache*' \
-	    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9503/test_cache_interface.pl
+	    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9503/test_cache_interface.pl
 
    If the test is outputting its own TAP you should set the
    test_external_has_tap variable somewhere before calling the first
@@ -492,7 +634,7 @@ library for your script to use.
 
 	test_external_without_stderr \
 	    'Perl API' \
-	    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
+	    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
 
  - test_expect_code <exit-code> <command>
 
@@ -548,6 +690,27 @@ library for your script to use.
 		...
 	'
 
+ - test_write_lines <lines>
+
+   Write <lines> on standard output, one line per argument.
+   Useful to prepare multi-line files in a compact form.
+
+   Example:
+
+	test_write_lines a b c d e f g >foo
+
+   Is a more compact equivalent of:
+	cat >foo <<-EOF
+	a
+	b
+	c
+	d
+	e
+	f
+	g
+	EOF
+
+
  - test_pause
 
 	This command is useful for writing and debugging tests and must be
@@ -561,6 +724,20 @@ library for your script to use.
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 
+ - test_ln_s_add <path1> <path2>
+
+   This function helps systems whose filesystem does not support symbolic
+   links. Use it to add a symbolic link entry to the index when it is not
+   important that the file system entry is a symbolic link, i.e., instead
+   of the sequence
+
+	ln -s foo bar &&
+	git add bar
+
+   Sometimes it is possible to split a test in a part that does not need
+   the symbolic link in the file system and a part that does; then only
+   the latter part need be protected by a SYMLINKS prerequisite (see below).
+
 Prerequisites
 -------------
 
@@ -571,11 +748,18 @@ See the prereq argument to the test_* functions in the "Test harness
 library" section above and the "test_have_prereq" function for how to
 use these, and "test_set_prereq" for how to define your own.
 
- - PERL & PYTHON
+ - PYTHON
+
+   Git wasn't compiled with NO_PYTHON=YesPlease. Wrap any tests that
+   need Python with this.
+
+ - PERL
+
+   Git wasn't compiled with NO_PERL=YesPlease.
 
-   Git wasn't compiled with NO_PERL=YesPlease or
-   NO_PYTHON=YesPlease. Wrap any tests that need Perl or Python in
-   these.
+   Even without the PERL prerequisite, tests can assume there is a
+   usable perl interpreter at $PERL_PATH, though it need not be
+   particularly modern.
 
  - POSIXPERM
 
@@ -591,6 +775,11 @@ use these, and "test_set_prereq" for how to define your own.
    The process retains the same pid across exec(2). See fb9a2bea for
    details.
 
+ - PIPE
+
+   The filesystem we're on supports creation of FIFOs (named pipes)
+   via mkfifo(1).
+
  - SYMLINKS
 
    The filesystem we're on supports symbolic links. E.g. a FAT
@@ -606,6 +795,15 @@ use these, and "test_set_prereq" for how to define your own.
    Git was compiled with USE_LIBPCRE=YesPlease. Wrap any tests
    that use git-grep --perl-regexp or git-grep -P in these.
 
+ - CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+
+   Test is run on a case insensitive file system.
+
+ - UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC
+
+   Test is run on a filesystem which converts decomposed utf-8 (nfd)
+   to precomposed utf-8 (nfc).
+
 Tips for Writing Tests
 ----------------------
 
diff --git a/t/annotate-tests.sh b/t/annotate-tests.sh
index c56a77d237..f5c01758ca 100644
--- a/t/annotate-tests.sh
+++ b/t/annotate-tests.sh
@@ -1,12 +1,34 @@
 # This file isn't used as a test script directly, instead it is
 # sourced from t8001-annotate.sh and t8002-blame.sh.
 
+if test_have_prereq MINGW
+then
+  sanitize_L () {
+	echo "$1" | sed 'sX\(^-L\|,\)\^\?/X&\\;*Xg'
+  }
+else
+  sanitize_L () {
+	echo "$1"
+  }
+fi
+
 check_count () {
-	head=
-	case "$1" in -h) head="$2"; shift; shift ;; esac
-	echo "$PROG file $head" >&4
-	$PROG file $head >.result || return 1
-	cat .result | perl -e '
+	head= &&
+	file='file' &&
+	options= &&
+	while :
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		-h) head="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		-f) file="$2"; shift; shift ;;
+		-L*) options="$options $(sanitize_L "$1")"; shift ;;
+		-*) options="$options $1"; shift ;;
+		*) break ;;
+		esac
+	done &&
+	echo "$PROG $options $file $head" >&4 &&
+	$PROG $options $file $head >actual &&
+	perl -e '
 		my %expect = (@ARGV);
 		my %count = map { $_ => 0 } keys %expect;
 		while (<STDIN>) {
@@ -31,107 +53,513 @@ check_count () {
 			print STDERR "Author $author (expected $value, attributed $count) $ok\n";
 		}
 		exit($bad);
-	' "$@"
+	' "$@" <actual
 }
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'prepare reference tree' \
-    'echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
-     echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
-     git add file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="A@test.git" git commit -a -m "Initial."'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'check all lines blamed on A' \
-    'check_count A 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Setup new lines blamed on B' \
-    'echo "2A quick brown fox jumps over the" >>file &&
-     echo "lazy dog" >> file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B@test.git" git commit -a -m "Second."'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, two on B' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 1' \
-    'git checkout -b branch1 master &&
-     echo "3A slow green fox jumps into the" >> file &&
-     echo "well." >> file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B1@test.git" git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, two on B, two on B1' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 2 B1 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 2' \
-    'git checkout -b branch2 master &&
-     sed -e "s/2A quick brown/4A quick brown lazy dog/" < file > file.new &&
-     mv file.new file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B2@test.git" git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, one on B2' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B2 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 3' \
-    'git pull . branch1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, two on B1, one on B2' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Annotating an old revision works' \
-    'check_count -h master A 2 B 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Annotating an old revision works' \
-    'check_count -h master^ A 2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'merge-setup part 4' \
-    'echo "evil merge." >>file &&
-     git commit -a --amend'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'Two lines blamed on A, one on B, two on B1, one on B2, one on A U Thor' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'an incomplete line added' \
-    'echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
-    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="C@test.git" git commit -a -m "Incomplete"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'With incomplete lines.' \
-    'check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'some edit' \
-    'mv file file.orig &&
-    {
-	cat file.orig &&
-	echo
-    } | sed -e "s/^3A/99/" -e "/^1A/d" -e "/^incomplete/d" > file &&
-    echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
-    GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="D@test.git" git commit -a -m "edit"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'some edit' \
-    'check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'an obfuscated email added' \
-    'echo "No robots allowed" > file.new &&
-     cat file >> file.new &&
-     mv file.new file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="E" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="E at test dot git" git commit -a -m "norobots"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'obfuscated email parsed' \
-    'check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1'
+test_expect_success 'setup A lines' '
+	echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
+	echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="A@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Initial."
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 1 author' '
+	check_count A 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup B lines' '
+	echo "2A quick brown fox jumps over the" >>file &&
+	echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Second."
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors' '
+	check_count A 2 B 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup B1 lines (branch1)' '
+	git checkout -b branch1 master &&
+	echo "3A slow green fox jumps into the" >>file &&
+	echo "well." >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B1" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B1@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Branch1-1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 1 branch1 author' '
+	check_count A 2 B 2 B1 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup B2 lines (branch2)' '
+	git checkout -b branch2 master &&
+	sed -e "s/2A quick brown/4A quick brown lazy dog/" <file >file.new &&
+	mv file.new file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B2" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="B2@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Branch2-1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 1 branch2 author' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge branch1 & branch2' '
+	git merge branch1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame 2 authors + 2 merged-in authors' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame ancestor' '
+	check_count -h master A 2 B 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame great-ancestor' '
+	check_count -h master^ A 2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup evil merge' '
+	echo "evil merge." >>file &&
+	git commit -a --amend
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame evil merge' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame huge graft' '
+	test_when_finished "git checkout branch2" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/info/grafts" &&
+	graft= &&
+	for i in 0 1 2
+	do
+		for j in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+		do
+			git checkout --orphan "$i$j" &&
+			printf "%s\n" "$i" "$j" >file &&
+			test_tick &&
+			GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$i$j GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=$i$j@test.git \
+			git commit -a -m "$i$j" &&
+			commit=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+			graft="$graft$commit "
+		done
+	done &&
+	printf "%s " $graft >.git/info/grafts &&
+	check_count -h 00 01 1 10 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup incomplete line' '
+	echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="C" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="C@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "Incomplete"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame incomplete line' '
+	check_count A 2 B 1 B1 2 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup edits' '
+	mv file file.orig &&
+	{
+		cat file.orig &&
+		echo
+	} | sed -e "s/^3A/99/" -e "/^1A/d" -e "/^incomplete/d" >file &&
+	echo "incomplete" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="D" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="D@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "edit"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame edits' '
+	check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup obfuscated email' '
+	echo "No robots allowed" >file.new &&
+	cat file >>file.new &&
+	mv file.new file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="E" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="E at test dot git" \
+	git commit -a -m "norobots"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame obfuscated email' '
+	check_count A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 (all)' '
+	check_count -L1 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L , (all)' '
+	check_count -L, A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X to end)' '
+	check_count -L5 B1 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X, (X to end)' '
+	check_count -L5, B1 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (up to Y)' '
+	check_count -L,3 A 1 B2 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,X' '
+	check_count -L3,3 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,Y' '
+	check_count -L3,6 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L Y,X (undocumented)' '
+	check_count -L6,3 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L -X' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L-1 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,+0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,+0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+1' '
+	check_count -L3,+1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+N' '
+	check_count -L3,+4 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,-0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,-0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-0' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,-0 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-1' '
+	check_count -L3,-1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-N' '
+	check_count -L6,-4 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (RE to end)' '
+	check_count -L/evil/ C 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,/RE2/' '
+	check_count -L/robot/,/green/ A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,/RE/' '
+	check_count -L5,/evil/ B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,Y' '
+	check_count -L/99/,7 B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,+N' '
+	check_count -L/99/,+3 B1 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/,-N' '
+	check_count -L/99/,-3 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+# 'file' ends with an incomplete line, so 'wc' reports one fewer lines than
+# git-blame sees, hence the last line is actually $(wc...)+1.
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X == nlines)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L$n C 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L$n file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (X > nlines)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L12345 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y == nlines)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L,$n A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1 C 1 D 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,$n file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,Y (Y > nlines)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L,12345 file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (disjoint)' '
+	check_count -L2,3 -L6,7 A 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (disjoint: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L6,7 -L2,3 A 1 B1 1 B2 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (adjacent)' '
+	check_count -L2,3 -L4,5 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (adjacent: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L4,5 -L2,3 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (overlapping)' '
+	check_count -L2,4 -L3,5 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (overlapping: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L3,5 -L2,4 A 1 B 1 B2 1 D 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (superset/subset)' '
+	check_count -L2,8 -L3,5 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L multiple (superset/subset: unordered)' '
+	check_count -L3,5 -L2,8 A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative)' '
+	check_count -L3,3 -L/fox/ B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -L/dog/ A 1 B 1 B1 1 B2 1 C 1 D 1 "A U Thor" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: adjacent)' '
+	check_count -L1,1 -L/dog/,+1 A 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L/dog/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L /RE/ (relative: end-of-file)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L, -L/$/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute)' '
+	check_count -L3,3 -L^/dog/,+2 A 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -L^/dog/,+2 A 1 B2 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L^/tambourine/ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^/RE/ (absolute: end-of-file)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <file) + 1) &&
+	check_count -L$n -L^/$/,+2 A 1 C 1 E 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup -L :regex' '
+	tr Q "\\t" >hello.c <<-\EOF &&
+	int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+	{
+	Qputs("hello");
+	}
+	EOF
+	git add hello.c &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="F" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="F@test.git" \
+	git commit -m "hello" &&
+
+	mv hello.c hello.orig &&
+	sed -e "/}/ {x; s/$/Qputs(\"goodbye\");/; G;}" <hello.orig |
+	tr Q "\\t" >hello.c &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="G" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="G@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "goodbye" &&
+
+	mv hello.c hello.orig &&
+	echo "#include <stdio.h>" >hello.c &&
+	cat hello.orig >>hello.c &&
+	tr Q "\\t" >>hello.c <<-\EOF &&
+	void mail()
+	{
+	Qputs("mail");
+	}
+	EOF
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="H" GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="H@test.git" \
+	git commit -a -m "mail"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :literal' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L:main F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :regex' '
+	check_count -f hello.c "-L:m[a-z][a-z]l" H 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :nomatch' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L:nomatch hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L3,3 -L:ma.. F 1 H 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3,3 -L:tambourine hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L :RE (relative: end-of-file)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L, -L:main hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L3,3 -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: no preceding range)' '
+	check_count -f hello.c -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: not found)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L4,4 -L^:tambourine hello.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ^:RE (absolute: end-of-file)' '
+	n=$(printf "%d" $(wc -l <hello.c)) &&
+	check_count -f hello.c -L$n -L^:ma.. F 4 G 1 H 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup incremental' '
+	(
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=I &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=I@test.git &&
+	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	>incremental &&
+	git add incremental &&
+	git commit -m "step 0" &&
+	printf "partial" >>incremental &&
+	git commit -a -m "step 0.5" &&
+	echo >>incremental &&
+	git commit -a -m "step 1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame empty' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^^ -f incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 empty' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental HEAD^^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame half' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^ -f incremental I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 half' '
+	check_count -h HEAD^ -f incremental -L1 I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 3 half' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3 incremental HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame full' '
+	check_count -f incremental I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 0 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L0 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 1 full' '
+	check_count -f incremental -L1 I 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 2 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L2 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L 3 full' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L3 incremental
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+ file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,- file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X (non-numeric X)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -LX file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,Y (non-numeric Y)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,Y file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,+N (non-numeric N)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,+N file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L X,-N (non-numeric N)' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,-N file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame -L ,^/RE/' '
+	test_must_fail $PROG -L1,^/99/ file
+'
diff --git a/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl b/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b170cbc045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/check-non-portable-shell.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Test t0000..t9999.sh for non portable shell scripts
+# This script can be called with one or more filenames as parameters
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+my $exit_code=0;
+
+sub err {
+	my $msg = shift;
+	print "$ARGV:$.: error: $msg: $_\n";
+	$exit_code = 1;
+}
+
+while (<>) {
+	chomp;
+	/\bsed\s+-i/ and err 'sed -i is not portable';
+	/\becho\s+-n/ and err 'echo -n is not portable (please use printf)';
+	/^\s*declare\s+/ and err 'arrays/declare not portable';
+	/^\s*[^#]\s*which\s/ and err 'which is not portable (please use type)';
+	/\btest\s+[^=]*==/ and err '"test a == b" is not portable (please use =)';
+	/\bexport\s+[A-Za-z0-9_]*=/ and err '"export FOO=bar" is not portable (please use FOO=bar && export FOO)';
+	# this resets our $. for each file
+	close ARGV if eof;
+}
+exit $exit_code;
diff --git a/t/diff-lib.sh b/t/diff-lib.sh
index 75a35fcd06..c211dc40ee 100644
--- a/t/diff-lib.sh
+++ b/t/diff-lib.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 :
 
-sanitize_diff_raw='/^:/s/ '"$_x40"' '"$_x40"' \([A-Z]\)[0-9]*	/ X X \1#	/'
+sanitize_diff_raw='/^:/s/ '"\($_x40\)"' '"\($_x40\)"' \([A-Z]\)[0-9]*	/ \1 \2 \3#	/'
 compare_diff_raw () {
     # When heuristics are improved, the score numbers would change.
     # Ignore them while comparing.
diff --git a/t/diff-lib/COPYING b/t/diff-lib/COPYING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ff87c4664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/diff-lib/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+
+ Note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as this project
+ is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not
+ v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated.
+
+ HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
+ a good idea, I also ask that people involved with the project make
+ their preferences known. In particular, if you trust me to make that
+ decision, you might note so in your copyright message, ie something
+ like
+
+	This file is licensed under the GPL v2, or a later version
+	at the discretion of Linus.
+
+  might avoid issues. But we can also just decide to synchronize and
+  contact all copyright holders on record if/when the occasion arises.
+
+			Linus Torvalds
+
+----------------------------------------
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+		       Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+                       59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+			    Preamble
+
+  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
+License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
+General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
+if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
+rights.
+
+  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+distribute and/or modify the software.
+
+  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
+that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
+authors' reputations.
+
+  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
+patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
+program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
+program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
+patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
+under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
+refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
+means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
+that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
+either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
+language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
+the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
+
+Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
+covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
+running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
+is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
+Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
+Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
+
+  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
+source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
+conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
+copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
+notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
+and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
+along with the Program.
+
+You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
+you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
+
+  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
+of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
+distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
+above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+
+    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
+    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
+    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
+    parties under the terms of this License.
+
+    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
+    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
+    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
+    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
+    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
+    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
+    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
+    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
+    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
+    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+
+These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
+identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
+and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
+themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
+sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
+distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
+on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
+this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
+entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+
+Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
+your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
+exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
+collective works based on the Program.
+
+In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
+with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
+a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
+the scope of this License.
+
+  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
+under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
+    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
+    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
+    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
+    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
+    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
+    customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
+    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
+    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
+    received the program in object code or executable form with such
+    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
+
+The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
+making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
+code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
+associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
+control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
+special exception, the source code distributed need not include
+anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
+form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
+operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
+itself accompanies the executable.
+
+If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
+access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
+access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
+distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
+compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
+
+  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
+except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
+otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
+void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
+this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+
+  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
+signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
+distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
+prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
+modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
+all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
+the Program or works based on it.
+
+  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
+original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
+these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
+restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
+You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
+this License.
+
+  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
+infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
+conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
+distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
+may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
+license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
+all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
+the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
+refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
+
+If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
+any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
+apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
+circumstances.
+
+It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
+patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
+such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
+integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
+implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
+generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
+through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
+system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
+to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
+impose that choice.
+
+This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
+be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+
+  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
+certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
+original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
+may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
+those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
+countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
+the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
+
+  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
+specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
+later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
+this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+Foundation.
+
+  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+			    NO WARRANTY
+
+  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
+OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
+PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+		     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+	    How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
+    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
+be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
+mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
+
+You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
+
+  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+
+  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+  Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
+Public License instead of this License.
diff --git a/t/diff-lib/README b/t/diff-lib/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..548142c327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/diff-lib/README
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+	GIT - the stupid content tracker
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+"git" can mean anything, depending on your mood.
+
+ - random three-letter combination that is pronounceable, and not
+   actually used by any common UNIX command.  The fact that it is a
+   mispronunciation of "get" may or may not be relevant.
+ - stupid. contemptible and despicable. simple. Take your pick from the
+   dictionary of slang.
+ - "global information tracker": you're in a good mood, and it actually
+   works for you. Angels sing, and a light suddenly fills the room.
+ - "goddamn idiotic truckload of sh*t": when it breaks
+
+Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
+unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
+and full access to internals.
+
+Git is an Open Source project covered by the GNU General Public License.
+It was originally written by Linus Torvalds with help of a group of
+hackers around the net. It is currently maintained by Junio C Hamano.
+
+Please read the file INSTALL for installation instructions.
+See Documentation/tutorial.txt to get started, then see
+Documentation/everyday.txt for a useful minimum set of commands,
+and "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command.
+CVS users may also want to read Documentation/cvs-migration.txt.
+
+Many Git online resources are accessible from http://git.or.cz/
+including full documentation and Git related tools.
+
+The user discussion and development of Git take place on the Git
+mailing list -- everyone is welcome to post bug reports, feature
+requests, comments and patches to git@vger.kernel.org. To subscribe
+to the list, send an email with just "subscribe git" in the body to
+majordomo@vger.kernel.org. The mailing list archives are available at
+http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git and other archival sites.
+
+The messages titled "A note from the maintainer", "What's in
+git.git (stable)" and "What's cooking in git.git (topics)" and
+the discussion following them on the mailing list give a good
+reference for project status, development direction and
+remaining tasks.
diff --git a/t/gitweb-lib.sh b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
index 21d11d6c2d..d5dab5a94f 100644
--- a/t/gitweb-lib.sh
+++ b/t/gitweb-lib.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Initialization and helpers for Gitweb tests, which source this
+# shell library instead of test-lib.sh.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2007 Jakub Narebski
 #
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ EOF
 
 	# You can set the GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED environment variable to
 	# the gitwebdir (the directory where gitweb is installed / deployed to)
-	# of an existing gitweb instalation to test that installation,
+	# of an existing gitweb installation to test that installation,
 	# or simply to pathname of installed gitweb script.
 	if test -n "$GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED" ; then
 		if test -d $GITWEB_TEST_INSTALLED; then
diff --git a/t/lib-bash.sh b/t/lib-bash.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2be955fafb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-bash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Shell library sourced instead of ./test-lib.sh by tests that need
+# to run under Bash; primarily intended for tests of the completion
+# script.
+
+if test -n "$BASH" && test -z "$POSIXLY_CORRECT"; then
+	# we are in full-on bash mode
+	true
+elif type bash >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+	# execute in full-on bash mode
+	unset POSIXLY_CORRECT
+	exec bash "$0" "$@"
+else
+	echo '1..0 #SKIP skipping bash completion tests; bash not available'
+	exit 0
+fi
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
diff --git a/t/lib-credential.sh b/t/lib-credential.sh
index 4a37cd79e5..d8e41f7ddd 100755
--- a/t/lib-credential.sh
+++ b/t/lib-credential.sh
@@ -4,10 +4,20 @@
 # stdout and stderr should be provided on stdin,
 # separated by "--".
 check() {
+	credential_opts=
+	credential_cmd=$1
+	shift
+	for arg in "$@"; do
+		credential_opts="$credential_opts -c credential.helper='$arg'"
+	done
 	read_chunk >stdin &&
 	read_chunk >expect-stdout &&
 	read_chunk >expect-stderr &&
-	test-credential "$@" <stdin >stdout 2>stderr &&
+	if ! eval "git $credential_opts credential $credential_cmd <stdin >stdout 2>stderr"; then
+		echo "git credential failed with code $?" &&
+		cat stderr &&
+		false
+	fi &&
 	test_cmp expect-stdout stdout &&
 	test_cmp expect-stderr stderr
 }
@@ -41,7 +51,7 @@ reject() {
 		echo protocol=$2
 		echo host=$3
 		echo username=$4
-	) | test-credential reject $1
+	) | git -c credential.helper=$1 credential reject
 }
 
 helper_test() {
@@ -52,6 +62,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		protocol=https
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -74,6 +86,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		protocol=https
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=store-user
 		password=store-pass
 		--
@@ -85,6 +99,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		protocol=http
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=http
+		host=example.com
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -98,6 +114,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		protocol=https
 		host=other.tld
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=other.tld
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -112,6 +130,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=example.com
 		username=other
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=other
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -133,6 +153,9 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=path.tld
 		path=bar.git
 		--
+		protocol=http
+		host=path.tld
+		path=bar.git
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -150,6 +173,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		protocol=https
 		host=example.com
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -176,6 +201,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		password=pass1
 		EOF
@@ -184,6 +211,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		password=pass2
 		EOF
@@ -200,6 +229,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user1
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -213,6 +244,8 @@ helper_test() {
 		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=example.com
 		username=user2
 		password=pass2
 		EOF
@@ -234,6 +267,8 @@ helper_test_timeout() {
 		protocol=https
 		host=timeout.tld
 		--
+		protocol=https
+		host=timeout.tld
 		username=askpass-username
 		password=askpass-password
 		--
@@ -243,12 +278,10 @@ helper_test_timeout() {
 	'
 }
 
-cat >askpass <<\EOF
-#!/bin/sh
+write_script askpass <<\EOF
 echo >&2 askpass: $*
-what=`echo $1 | cut -d" " -f1 | tr A-Z a-z | tr -cd a-z`
+what=$(echo $1 | cut -d" " -f1 | tr A-Z a-z | tr -cd a-z)
 echo "askpass-$what"
 EOF
-chmod +x askpass
 GIT_ASKPASS="$PWD/askpass"
 export GIT_ASKPASS
diff --git a/t/lib-cvs.sh b/t/lib-cvs.sh
index 44263ade25..9b2bcfb1b0 100644
--- a/t/lib-cvs.sh
+++ b/t/lib-cvs.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Shell library sourced instead of ./test-lib.sh by cvsimport tests.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ fi
 CVS="cvs -f"
 export CVS
 
-cvsps_version=`cvsps -h 2>&1 | sed -ne 's/cvsps version //p'`
+cvsps_version=$(cvsps -h 2>&1 | sed -ne 's/cvsps version //p')
 case "$cvsps_version" in
 2.1 | 2.2*)
 	;;
diff --git a/t/lib-diff-alternative.sh b/t/lib-diff-alternative.sh
index 75ffd9174f..8b4dbf22d2 100644
--- a/t/lib-diff-alternative.sh
+++ b/t/lib-diff-alternative.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Helpers shared by the test scripts for diff algorithms (patience,
+# histogram, etc).
 
 test_diff_frobnitz() {
 	cat >file1 <<\EOF
diff --git a/t/lib-gettext.sh b/t/lib-gettext.sh
index 0f76f6cdc0..eec757f104 100644
--- a/t/lib-gettext.sh
+++ b/t/lib-gettext.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Initialization and Icelandic locale for basic git i18n tests,
+# which source this scriptlet instead of ./test-lib.sh.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010 Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason
 #
@@ -14,12 +15,14 @@ export GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR GIT_PO_PATH
 if test_have_prereq GETTEXT && ! test_have_prereq GETTEXT_POISON
 then
 	# is_IS.UTF-8 on Solaris and FreeBSD, is_IS.utf8 on Debian
-	is_IS_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/^is_IS\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
+	is_IS_locale=$(locale -a 2>/dev/null |
+		sed -n '/^is_IS\.[uU][tT][fF]-*8$/{
 		p
 		q
 	}')
 	# is_IS.ISO8859-1 on Solaris and FreeBSD, is_IS.iso88591 on Debian
-	is_IS_iso_locale=$(locale -a | sed -n '/^is_IS\.[iI][sS][oO]8859-*1$/{
+	is_IS_iso_locale=$(locale -a 2>/dev/null |
+		sed -n '/^is_IS\.[iI][sS][oO]8859-*1$/{
 		p
 		q
 	}')
diff --git a/t/lib-git-daemon.sh b/t/lib-git-daemon.sh
index ef2d01f369..bc4b3412fb 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-daemon.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-daemon.sh
@@ -1,12 +1,29 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Shell library to run git-daemon in tests.  Ends the test early if
+# GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON is not set.
+#
+# Usage:
+#
+#	. ./test-lib.sh
+#	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-git-daemon.sh
+#	start_git_daemon
+#
+#	test_expect_success '...' '
+#		...
+#	'
+#
+#	test_expect_success ...
+#
+#	stop_git_daemon
+#	test_done
 
-if test -z "$GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON"
+test_tristate GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON
+if test "$GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON" = false
 then
-	skip_all="git-daemon testing disabled (define GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON to enable)"
+	skip_all="git-daemon testing disabled (unset GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON to enable)"
 	test_done
 fi
 
-LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT=${LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT-'8121'}
+LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT=${LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT-${this_test#t}}
 
 GIT_DAEMON_PID=
 GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH="$PWD"/repo
@@ -31,19 +48,20 @@ start_git_daemon() {
 		>&3 2>git_daemon_output &
 	GIT_DAEMON_PID=$!
 	{
-		read line
+		read line <&7
 		echo >&4 "$line"
-		cat >&4 &
+		cat <&7 >&4 &
+	} 7<git_daemon_output &&
 
-		# Check expected output
-		if test x"$(expr "$line" : "\[[0-9]*\] \(.*\)")" != x"Ready to rumble"
-		then
-			kill "$GIT_DAEMON_PID"
-			wait "$GIT_DAEMON_PID"
-			trap 'die' EXIT
-			error "git daemon failed to start"
-		fi
-	} <git_daemon_output
+	# Check expected output
+	if test x"$(expr "$line" : "\[[0-9]*\] \(.*\)")" != x"Ready to rumble"
+	then
+		kill "$GIT_DAEMON_PID"
+		wait "$GIT_DAEMON_PID"
+		trap 'die' EXIT
+		test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_GIT_DAEMON \
+			"git daemon failed to start"
+	fi
 }
 
 stop_git_daemon() {
diff --git a/t/lib-git-p4.sh b/t/lib-git-p4.sh
index a870f9a5d2..5aa8adcf9c 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-p4.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-p4.sh
@@ -1,19 +1,40 @@
 #
-# Library code for git-p4 tests
+# Library code for git p4 tests
 #
 
+# p4 tests never use the top-level repo; always build/clone into
+# a subdirectory called "$git"
+TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=NoThanks
+
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON; then
-	skip_all='skipping git-p4 tests; python not available'
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git p4 tests; python not available'
 	test_done
 fi
 ( p4 -h && p4d -h ) >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
-	skip_all='skipping git-p4 tests; no p4 or p4d'
+	skip_all='skipping git p4 tests; no p4 or p4d'
 	test_done
 }
 
-GITP4="$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/fast-import/git-p4"
+# On cygwin, the NT version of Perforce can be used.  When giving
+# it paths, either on the command-line or in client specifications,
+# be sure to use the native windows form.
+#
+# Older versions of perforce were available compiled natively for
+# cygwin.  Those do not accept native windows paths, so make sure
+# not to convert for them.
+native_path() {
+	path="$1" &&
+	if test_have_prereq CYGWIN && ! p4 -V | grep -q CYGWIN
+	then
+		path=$(cygpath --windows "$path")
+	else
+		path=$(test-path-utils real_path "$path")
+	fi &&
+	echo "$path"
+}
 
 # Try to pick a unique port: guess a large number, then hope
 # no more than one of each test is running.
@@ -24,36 +45,80 @@ testid=${this_test#t}
 git_p4_test_start=9800
 P4DPORT=$((10669 + ($testid - $git_p4_test_start)))
 
-export P4PORT=localhost:$P4DPORT
-export P4CLIENT=client
+P4PORT=localhost:$P4DPORT
+P4CLIENT=client
+P4USER=author
+P4EDITOR=true
+unset P4CHARSET
+export P4PORT P4CLIENT P4USER P4EDITOR P4CHARSET
 
 db="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/db"
 cli="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli"
 git="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/git"
 pidfile="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/p4d.pid"
 
+# git p4 submit generates a temp file, which will
+# not get cleaned up if the submission fails.  Don't
+# clutter up /tmp on the test machine.
+TMPDIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+export TMPDIR
+
 start_p4d() {
 	mkdir -p "$db" "$cli" "$git" &&
+	rm -f "$pidfile" &&
 	(
-		p4d -q -r "$db" -p $P4DPORT &
-		echo $! >"$pidfile"
+		cd "$db" &&
+		{
+			p4d -q -p $P4DPORT &
+			echo $! >"$pidfile"
+		}
 	) &&
-	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 ; do
-		p4 info >/dev/null 2>&1 && break || true &&
-		echo waiting for p4d to start &&
+
+	# This gives p4d a long time to start up, as it can be
+	# quite slow depending on the machine.  Set this environment
+	# variable to something smaller to fail faster in, say,
+	# an automated test setup.  If the p4d process dies, that
+	# will be caught with the "kill -0" check below.
+	i=${P4D_START_PATIENCE:-300}
+	pid=$(cat "$pidfile")
+	ready=
+	while test $i -gt 0
+	do
+		# succeed when p4 client commands start to work
+		if p4 info >/dev/null 2>&1
+		then
+			ready=true
+			break
+		fi
+		# fail if p4d died
+		kill -0 $pid 2>/dev/null || break
+		echo waiting for p4d to start
 		sleep 1
-	done &&
-	# complain if it never started
-	p4 info >/dev/null &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 client -i <<-EOF
-		Client: client
-		Description: client
-		Root: $cli
-		View: //depot/... //client/...
-		EOF
-	)
+		i=$(( $i - 1 ))
+	done
+
+	if test -z "$ready"
+	then
+		# p4d failed to start
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	# build a p4 user so author@example.com has an entry
+	p4_add_user author
+
+	# build a client
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+
+	return 0
+}
+
+p4_add_user() {
+	name=$1 &&
+	p4 user -f -i <<-EOF
+	User: $name
+	Email: $name@example.com
+	FullName: Dr. $name
+	EOF
 }
 
 kill_p4d() {
@@ -70,5 +135,49 @@ kill_p4d() {
 }
 
 cleanup_git() {
-	rm -rf "$git"
+	rm -rf "$git" &&
+	mkdir "$git"
+}
+
+marshal_dump() {
+	what=$1 &&
+	line=${2:-1} &&
+	cat >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/marshal-dump.py" <<-EOF &&
+	import marshal
+	import sys
+	for i in range($line):
+	    d = marshal.load(sys.stdin)
+	print d['$what']
+	EOF
+	"$PYTHON_PATH" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/marshal-dump.py"
+}
+
+#
+# Construct a client with this list of View lines
+#
+client_view() {
+	(
+		cat <<-EOF &&
+		Client: $P4CLIENT
+		Description: $P4CLIENT
+		Root: $cli
+		AltRoots: $(native_path "$cli")
+		LineEnd: unix
+		View:
+		EOF
+		printf "\t%s\n" "$@"
+	) | p4 client -i
+}
+
+is_cli_file_writeable() {
+	# cygwin version of p4 does not set read-only attr,
+	# will be marked 444 but -w is true
+	file="$1" &&
+	if test_have_prereq CYGWIN && p4 -V | grep -q CYGWIN
+	then
+		stat=$(stat --format=%a "$file") &&
+		test $stat = 644
+	else
+		test -w "$file"
+	fi
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-git-svn.sh b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
index 199f22c231..b0ec12ff6c 100644
--- a/t/lib-git-svn.sh
+++ b/t/lib-git-svn.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export svnrepo
 svnconf=$PWD/svnconf
 export svnconf
 
-"$PERL_PATH" -w -e "
+perl -w -e "
 use SVN::Core;
 use SVN::Repos;
 \$SVN::Core::VERSION gt '1.1.0' or exit(42);
@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@ stop_httpd () {
 }
 
 convert_to_rev_db () {
-	"$PERL_PATH" -w -- - "$@" <<\EOF
+	perl -w -- - "$@" <<\EOF
 use strict;
-@ARGV == 2 or die "Usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
+@ARGV == 2 or die "usage: convert_to_rev_db <input> <output>";
 open my $wr, '+>', $ARGV[1] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[1]";
 open my $rd, '<', $ARGV[0] or die "$!: couldn't open: $ARGV[0]";
 my $size = (stat($rd))[7];
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg.sh b/t/lib-gpg.sh
index 05824fa8e4..db2ef22e8f 100755
--- a/t/lib-gpg.sh
+++ b/t/lib-gpg.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-gpg_version=`gpg --version 2>&1`
+gpg_version=$(gpg --version 2>&1)
 if test $? = 127; then
 	say "You do not seem to have gpg installed"
 else
@@ -12,19 +12,43 @@ else
 		say "Your version of gpg (1.0.6) is too buggy for testing"
 		;;
 	*)
-		# key generation info: gpg --homedir t/lib-gpg --gen-key
-		# Type DSA and Elgamal, size 2048 bits, no expiration date.
-		# Name and email: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+		# Available key info:
+		# * Type DSA and Elgamal, size 2048 bits, no expiration date,
+		#   name and email: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+		# * Type RSA, size 2048 bits, no expiration date,
+		#   name and email: Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>
 		# No password given, to enable non-interactive operation.
-		cp -R "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg ./gpghome
-		chmod 0700 gpghome
-		GNUPGHOME="$(pwd)/gpghome"
-		export GNUPGHOME
+		# To generate new key:
+		#	gpg --homedir /tmp/gpghome --gen-key
+		# To write armored exported key to keyring:
+		#	gpg --homedir /tmp/gpghome --export-secret-keys \
+		#		--armor 0xDEADBEEF >> lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
+		#	gpg --homedir /tmp/gpghome --export \
+		#		--armor 0xDEADBEEF >> lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
+		# To export ownertrust:
+		#	gpg --homedir /tmp/gpghome --export-ownertrust \
+		#		> lib-gpg/ownertrust
+		mkdir ./gpghome &&
+		chmod 0700 ./gpghome &&
+		GNUPGHOME="$(pwd)/gpghome" &&
+		export GNUPGHOME &&
+		gpg --homedir "${GNUPGHOME}" 2>/dev/null --import \
+			"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg &&
+		gpg --homedir "${GNUPGHOME}" 2>/dev/null --import-ownertrust \
+			"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg/ownertrust &&
+		gpg --homedir "${GNUPGHOME}" </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+			--sign -u committer@example.com &&
 		test_set_prereq GPG
 		;;
 	esac
 fi
 
+if test_have_prereq GPG &&
+    echo | gpg --homedir "${GNUPGHOME}" -b --rfc1991 >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	test_set_prereq RFC1991
+fi
+
 sanitize_pgp() {
 	perl -ne '
 		/^-----END PGP/ and $in_pgp = 0;
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4754a1f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/keyring.gpg
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1
+
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+=aEiU
+-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1
+
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+-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1
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+firxBOdn7Rh23e8qiFBigbdknkwIfOdGnC3jWT/ldWO2rQQq+/85viaR1qvTh+/z
+aJpRCJMS/Fg7fBnwCqKmYKnny/gAhJy2wLdXbt39BbMAEQEAAYkBHwQYAQIACQUC
+UUyWRwIbDAAKCRBhCS6FtyJxiexxCADF5DH+HDlppwLr73EptyqS4IblopPXcn59
+bGPyBuWraCivsqZlf05QZTGahUM7jyCUE/FS25sbS5Q4SRtOC2yOnPGsSGcTjmSi
+8uZ000stes7ahHku3onxyz2YNVBRchBCENV1tAjQwHrliofdBEY8peAoOz51kmfR
+Ivs4+iQ+T3HYtwSYUKPVjizlRCdDR5nsE2KpPUFVx/9L9R3ZeCzCbYHG3Ww1pOFE
+5F24PaZ97pgoJDSd1bPH1pyFjvSM3a9v8KxWNib1E+2L5fsLDSFmrbzhMxsu5wTl
+u/FlMc4btGCUyysvoigo4OR0uXcejgvnuGhBIH4TTwjJG7w7CY7U
+=iYv/
+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/ownertrust b/t/lib-gpg/ownertrust
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3e3c4f1cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-gpg/ownertrust
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# List of assigned trustvalues, created Thu 11 Dec 2014 01:26:28 PM CET
+# (Use "gpg --import-ownertrust" to restore them)
+73D758744BE721698EC54E8713B6F51ECDDE430D:6:
+D4BE22311AD3131E5EDA29A461092E85B7227189:3:
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
deleted file mode 100644
index 83855fa4e1..0000000000
--- a/t/lib-gpg/pubring.gpg
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/random_seed b/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
deleted file mode 100644
index 8fed1339ed..0000000000
--- a/t/lib-gpg/random_seed
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
deleted file mode 100644
index d831cd9eb3..0000000000
--- a/t/lib-gpg/secring.gpg
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg b/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
deleted file mode 100644
index abace962b8..0000000000
--- a/t/lib-gpg/trustdb.gpg
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd.sh b/t/lib-httpd.sh
index f7dc0781d5..e6adf2f82d 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd.sh
+++ b/t/lib-httpd.sh
@@ -1,14 +1,47 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Shell library to run an HTTP server for use in tests.
+# Ends the test early if httpd tests should not be run,
+# for example because the user has not enabled them.
+#
+# Usage:
+#
+#	. ./test-lib.sh
+#	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+#	start_httpd
+#
+#	test_expect_success '...' '
+#		...
+#	'
+#
+#	test_expect_success ...
+#
+#	stop_httpd
+#	test_done
+#
+# Can be configured using the following variables.
+#
+#    GIT_TEST_HTTPD              enable HTTPD tests
+#    LIB_HTTPD_PATH              web server path
+#    LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH       web server modules path
+#    LIB_HTTPD_PORT              listening port
+#    LIB_HTTPD_DAV               enable DAV
+#    LIB_HTTPD_SVN               enable SVN
+#    LIB_HTTPD_SSL               enable SSL
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2008 Clemens Buchacher <drizzd@aon.at>
 #
 
-if test -z "$GIT_TEST_HTTPD"
+test_tristate GIT_TEST_HTTPD
+if test "$GIT_TEST_HTTPD" = false
 then
-	skip_all="Network testing disabled (define GIT_TEST_HTTPD to enable)"
+	skip_all="Network testing disabled (unset GIT_TEST_HTTPD to enable)"
 	test_done
 fi
 
+if ! test_have_prereq NOT_ROOT; then
+	test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD \
+		"Cannot run httpd tests as root"
+fi
+
 HTTPD_PARA=""
 
 for DEFAULT_HTTPD_PATH in '/usr/sbin/httpd' '/usr/sbin/apache2'
@@ -37,16 +70,20 @@ case $(uname) in
 esac
 
 LIB_HTTPD_PATH=${LIB_HTTPD_PATH-"$DEFAULT_HTTPD_PATH"}
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'8111'}
+LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-${this_test#t}}
 
 TEST_PATH="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd
 HTTPD_ROOT_PATH="$PWD"/httpd
 HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH=$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/www
 
+# hack to suppress apache PassEnv warnings
+GIT_VALGRIND=$GIT_VALGRIND; export GIT_VALGRIND
+GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS=$GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS; export GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS
+GIT_TRACE=$GIT_TRACE; export GIT_TRACE
+
 if ! test -x "$LIB_HTTPD_PATH"
 then
-	skip_all="skipping test, no web server found at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
-	test_done
+	test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD "no web server found at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
 fi
 
 HTTPD_VERSION=`$LIB_HTTPD_PATH -v | \
@@ -58,24 +95,31 @@ then
 	then
 		if ! test $HTTPD_VERSION -ge 2
 		then
-			skip_all="skipping test, at least Apache version 2 is required"
-			test_done
+			test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD \
+				"at least Apache version 2 is required"
 		fi
 		if ! test -d "$DEFAULT_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH"
 		then
-			skip_all="Apache module directory not found.  Skipping tests."
-			test_done
+			test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD \
+				"Apache module directory not found"
 		fi
 
 		LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH="$DEFAULT_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH"
 	fi
 else
-	error "Could not identify web server at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
+	test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD \
+		"Could not identify web server at '$LIB_HTTPD_PATH'"
 fi
 
+install_script () {
+	write_script "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/$1" <"$TEST_PATH/$1"
+}
+
 prepare_httpd() {
 	mkdir -p "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
 	cp "$TEST_PATH"/passwd "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"
+	install_script broken-smart-http.sh
+	install_script error.sh
 
 	ln -s "$LIB_HTTPD_MODULE_PATH" "$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH/modules"
 
@@ -97,9 +141,9 @@ prepare_httpd() {
 	HTTPD_DEST=127.0.0.1:$LIB_HTTPD_PORT
 	HTTPD_URL=$HTTPD_PROTO://$HTTPD_DEST
 	HTTPD_URL_USER=$HTTPD_PROTO://user%40host@$HTTPD_DEST
-	HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS=$HTTPD_PROTO://user%40host:user%40host@$HTTPD_DEST
+	HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS=$HTTPD_PROTO://user%40host:pass%40host@$HTTPD_DEST
 
-	if test -n "$LIB_HTTPD_DAV" -o -n "$LIB_HTTPD_SVN"
+	if test -n "$LIB_HTTPD_DAV" || test -n "$LIB_HTTPD_SVN"
 	then
 		HTTPD_PARA="$HTTPD_PARA -DDAV"
 
@@ -123,9 +167,8 @@ start_httpd() {
 		>&3 2>&4
 	if test $? -ne 0
 	then
-		skip_all="skipping test, web server setup failed"
 		trap 'die' EXIT
-		test_done
+		test_skip_or_die $GIT_TEST_HTTPD "web server setup failed"
 	fi
 }
 
@@ -136,10 +179,11 @@ stop_httpd() {
 		-f "$TEST_PATH/apache.conf" $HTTPD_PARA -k stop
 }
 
-test_http_push_nonff() {
+test_http_push_nonff () {
 	REMOTE_REPO=$1
 	LOCAL_REPO=$2
 	BRANCH=$3
+	EXPECT_CAS_RESULT=${4-failure}
 
 	test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push fails' '
 		cd "$REMOTE_REPO" &&
@@ -160,6 +204,71 @@ test_http_push_nonff() {
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'non-fast-forward push shows help message' '
-		test_i18ngrep "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected" output
+		test_i18ngrep "Updates were rejected because" output
+	'
+
+	test_expect_${EXPECT_CAS_RESULT} 'force with lease aka cas' '
+		HEAD=$(	cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD ) &&
+		test_when_finished '\''
+			(cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git update-ref HEAD "$HEAD")
+		'\'' &&
+		(
+			cd "$LOCAL_REPO" &&
+			git push -v --force-with-lease=$BRANCH:$HEAD origin
+		) &&
+		git rev-parse --verify "$BRANCH" >expect &&
+		(
+			cd "$REMOTE_REPO" && git rev-parse --verify HEAD
+		) >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+}
+
+setup_askpass_helper() {
+	test_expect_success 'setup askpass helper' '
+		write_script "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass" <<-\EOF &&
+		echo >>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-query" "askpass: $*" &&
+		case "$*" in
+		*Username*)
+			what=user
+			;;
+		*Password*)
+			what=pass
+			;;
+		esac &&
+		cat "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-$what"
+		EOF
+		GIT_ASKPASS="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass" &&
+		export GIT_ASKPASS &&
+		export TRASH_DIRECTORY
 	'
 }
+
+set_askpass() {
+	>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-query" &&
+	echo "$1" >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-user" &&
+	echo "$2" >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-pass"
+}
+
+expect_askpass() {
+	dest=$HTTPD_DEST${3+/$3}
+
+	{
+		case "$1" in
+		none)
+			;;
+		pass)
+			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
+			;;
+		both)
+			echo "askpass: Username for 'http://$dest': "
+			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
+			;;
+		*)
+			false
+			;;
+		esac
+	} >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-expect" &&
+	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-expect" \
+		 "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/askpass-query"
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
index 3c12b05d60..0b81a0047b 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/apache.conf
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 ServerName dummy
-LockFile accept.lock
 PidFile httpd.pid
 DocumentRoot www
 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
@@ -23,6 +22,13 @@ ErrorLog error.log
 <IfModule !mod_version.c>
 	LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
 </IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_headers.c>
+	LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
+</IfModule>
+
+<IfVersion < 2.4>
+LockFile accept.lock
+</IfVersion>
 
 <IfVersion < 2.1>
 <IfModule !mod_auth.c>
@@ -40,23 +46,70 @@ ErrorLog error.log
 <IfModule !mod_authz_user.c>
 	LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
 </IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_authz_host.c>
+	LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
+</IfModule>
 </IfVersion>
 
+<IfVersion >= 2.4>
+<IfModule !mod_authn_core.c>
+	LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
+	LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_access_compat.c>
+	LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so
+</IfModule>
+<IfModule !mod_mpm_prefork.c>
+	LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so
+</IfModule>
+</IfVersion>
+
+PassEnv GIT_VALGRIND
+PassEnv GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS
+PassEnv GNUPGHOME
+PassEnv ASAN_OPTIONS
+PassEnv GIT_TRACE
+
 Alias /dumb/ www/
-Alias /auth/ www/auth/
+Alias /auth/dumb/ www/auth/dumb/
 
-<Location /smart/>
+<LocationMatch /smart/>
 	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
 	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
-</Location>
-<Location /smart_noexport/>
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_noexport/>
 	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
-</Location>
-ScriptAlias /smart/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
-ScriptAlias /smart_noexport/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_custom_env/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	SetEnv GIT_COMMITTER_NAME "Custom User"
+	SetEnv GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL custom@example.com
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_namespace/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	SetEnv GIT_NAMESPACE ns
+</LocationMatch>
+<LocationMatch /smart_cookies/>
+	SetEnv GIT_EXEC_PATH ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}
+	SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
+	Header set Set-Cookie name=value
+</LocationMatch>
+ScriptAliasMatch /smart_*[^/]*/(.*) ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/$1
+ScriptAlias /broken_smart/ broken-smart-http.sh/
+ScriptAlias /error/ error.sh/
 <Directory ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}>
-	Options None
+	Options FollowSymlinks
 </Directory>
+<Files broken-smart-http.sh>
+	Options ExecCGI
+</Files>
+<Files error.sh>
+  Options ExecCGI
+</Files>
 <Files ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend>
 	Options ExecCGI
 </Files>
@@ -64,6 +117,8 @@ ScriptAlias /smart_noexport/ ${GIT_EXEC_PATH}/git-http-backend/
 RewriteEngine on
 RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-perm/(.*)$ /smart/$1 [R=301]
 RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-temp/(.*)$ /smart/$1 [R=302]
+RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-auth/(.*)$ /auth/smart/$1 [R=301]
+RewriteRule ^/smart-redir-limited/(.*)/info/refs$ /smart/$1/info/refs [R=301]
 
 <IfDefine SSL>
 LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
@@ -84,6 +139,35 @@ SSLEngine On
 	Require valid-user
 </Location>
 
+<LocationMatch "^/auth-push/.*/git-receive-pack$">
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "git-auth"
+	AuthUserFile passwd
+	Require valid-user
+</LocationMatch>
+
+<LocationMatch "^/auth-fetch/.*/git-upload-pack$">
+	AuthType Basic
+	AuthName "git-auth"
+	AuthUserFile passwd
+	Require valid-user
+</LocationMatch>
+
+RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
+RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /git-receive-pack$
+RewriteRule ^/half-auth-complete/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
+
+<Location /half-auth-complete/>
+  Order Deny,Allow
+  Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
+
+  AuthType Basic
+  AuthName "Git Access"
+  AuthUserFile passwd
+  Require valid-user
+  Satisfy Any
+</Location>
+
 <IfDefine DAV>
 	LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
 	LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh b/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..82cc610b0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/broken-smart-http.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+printf "Content-Type: text/%s\n" "html"
+echo
+printf "%s\n" "001e# service=git-upload-pack"
+printf "%s"   "0000"
+printf "%s%c%s%s\n" \
+	"00a58681d9f286a48b08f37b3a095330da16689e3693 HEAD" \
+	0 \
+	" include-tag multi_ack_detailed multi_ack ofs-delta" \
+	" side-band side-band-64k thin-pack no-progress shallow no-done "
+printf "%s"   "0000"
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/error.sh b/t/lib-httpd/error.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a77b8e5469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/error.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+printf "Status: 500 Intentional Breakage\n"
+
+printf "Content-Type: "
+charset=iso-8859-1
+case "$PATH_INFO" in
+*html*)
+	printf "text/html"
+	;;
+*text*)
+	printf "text/plain"
+	;;
+*charset*)
+	printf "text/plain; charset=utf-8"
+	charset=utf-8
+	;;
+*utf16*)
+	printf "text/plain; charset=utf-16"
+	charset=utf-16
+	;;
+*odd-spacing*)
+	printf "text/plain; foo=bar ;charset=utf-16; other=nonsense"
+	charset=utf-16
+	;;
+esac
+printf "\n"
+
+printf "\n"
+printf "this is the error message\n" |
+iconv -f us-ascii -t $charset
diff --git a/t/lib-httpd/passwd b/t/lib-httpd/passwd
index f2fbcad33e..99a34d6487 100644
--- a/t/lib-httpd/passwd
+++ b/t/lib-httpd/passwd
@@ -1 +1 @@
-user@host:nKpa8pZUHx/ic
+user@host:xb4E8pqD81KQs
diff --git a/t/lib-pack.sh b/t/lib-pack.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7509846571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-pack.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# Support routines for hand-crafting weird or malicious packs.
+#
+# You can make a complete pack like:
+#
+#   pack_header 2 >foo.pack &&
+#   pack_obj e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 >>foo.pack &&
+#   pack_obj e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18 >>foo.pack &&
+#   pack_trailer foo.pack
+
+# Print the big-endian 4-byte octal representation of $1
+uint32_octal () {
+	n=$1
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n / 16777216)); n=$((n % 16777216))
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n /    65536)); n=$((n %    65536))
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n /      256)); n=$((n %      256))
+	printf '\\%o' $(($n           ));
+}
+
+# Print the big-endian 4-byte binary representation of $1
+uint32_binary () {
+	printf "$(uint32_octal "$1")"
+}
+
+# Print a pack header, version 2, for a pack with $1 objects
+pack_header () {
+	printf 'PACK' &&
+	printf '\0\0\0\2' &&
+	uint32_binary "$1"
+}
+
+# Print the pack data for object $1, as a delta against object $2 (or as a full
+# object if $2 is missing or empty). The output is suitable for including
+# directly in the packfile, and represents the entirety of the object entry.
+# Doing this on the fly (especially picking your deltas) is quite tricky, so we
+# have hardcoded some well-known objects. See the case statements below for the
+# complete list.
+pack_obj () {
+	case "$1" in
+	# empty blob
+	e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\060\170\234\003\0\0\0\0\1'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+
+	# blob containing "\7\76"
+	e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\062\170\234\143\267\3\0\0\116\0\106'
+			return
+			;;
+		01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc)
+			printf '\165\1\327\161\66\146\364\336\202\47\166' &&
+			printf '\307\142\54\20\361\260\175\342\200\334\170' &&
+			printf '\234\143\142\142\142\267\003\0\0\151\0\114'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+
+	# blob containing "\7\0"
+	01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc)
+		case "$2" in
+		'')
+			printf '\062\170\234\143\147\0\0\0\20\0\10'
+			return
+			;;
+		e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18)
+			printf '\165\346\217\350\22\233\124\153\20\32\356' &&
+			printf '\225\20\305\62\216\177\41\312\35\30\170\234' &&
+			printf '\143\142\142\142\147\0\0\0\53\0\16'
+			return
+			;;
+		esac
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	echo >&2 "BUG: don't know how to print $1${2:+ (from $2)}"
+	return 1
+}
+
+# Compute and append pack trailer to "$1"
+pack_trailer () {
+	test-sha1 -b <"$1" >trailer.tmp &&
+	cat trailer.tmp >>"$1" &&
+	rm -f trailer.tmp
+}
+
+# Remove any existing packs to make sure that
+# whatever we index next will be the pack that we
+# actually use.
+clear_packs () {
+	rm -f .git/objects/pack/*
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-pager.sh b/t/lib-pager.sh
index ba03eab14f..3aa7a3ffd8 100644
--- a/t/lib-pager.sh
+++ b/t/lib-pager.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Helpers for tests of git's choice of pager.
 
 test_expect_success 'determine default pager' '
 	test_might_fail git config --unset core.pager &&
diff --git a/t/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh b/t/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
deleted file mode 100644
index bce5a4c8bd..0000000000
--- a/t/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason
-#
-
-if test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = false
-then
-	say 'filemode disabled on the filesystem'
-else
-	test_set_prereq FILEMODE
-fi
diff --git a/t/lib-read-tree.sh b/t/lib-read-tree.sh
index abc2c6f57f..b95f485606 100644
--- a/t/lib-read-tree.sh
+++ b/t/lib-read-tree.sh
@@ -1,43 +1,41 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
 # Helper functions to check if read-tree would succeed/fail as expected with
 # and without the dry-run option. They also test that the dry-run does not
 # write the index and that together with -u it doesn't touch the work tree.
 #
 read_tree_must_succeed () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	git read-tree "$@"
 }
 
 read_tree_must_fail () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
 }
 
 read_tree_u_must_succeed () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
-    git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
-    git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
+	git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
+	git read-tree "$@"
 }
 
 read_tree_u_must_fail () {
-    git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
-    git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
-    git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
-    test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
-    test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
+	git ls-files -s >pre-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >pre-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree -n "$@" &&
+	git ls-files -s >post-dry-run &&
+	git diff-files -p >post-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run post-dry-run &&
+	test_cmp pre-dry-run-wt post-dry-run-wt &&
+	test_must_fail git read-tree "$@"
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-rebase.sh b/t/lib-rebase.sh
index 6ccf797091..6bd252212a 100644
--- a/t/lib-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/lib-rebase.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Helper functions used by interactive rebase tests.
 
 # After setting the fake editor with this function, you can
 #
@@ -17,51 +17,98 @@
 #       ("squash", "fixup", "edit", or "reword") and the SHA1 taken
 #       from the specified line.
 #
+#   "exec_cmd_with_args" -- add an "exec cmd with args" line.
+#
 #   "#" -- Add a comment line.
 #
 #   ">" -- Add a blank line.
 
 set_fake_editor () {
-	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake-editor.sh
-	cat >> fake-editor.sh <<\EOF
-case "$1" in
-*/COMMIT_EDITMSG)
-	test -z "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" ||
-		test "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" = "$(sed -n '1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p' < "$1")" ||
+	write_script fake-editor.sh <<-\EOF
+	case "$1" in
+	*/COMMIT_EDITMSG)
+		test -z "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" ||
+			test "$EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT" = "$(sed -n '1s/^# This is a combination of \(.*\) commits\./\1/p' < "$1")" ||
+			exit
+		test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" > "$1"
+		test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" >> "$1"
 		exit
-	test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE" > "$1"
-	test -z "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" || echo "$FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND" >> "$1"
-	exit
-	;;
-esac
-test -z "$EXPECT_COUNT" ||
-	test "$EXPECT_COUNT" = $(sed -e '/^#/d' -e '/^$/d' < "$1" | wc -l) ||
-	exit
-test -z "$FAKE_LINES" && exit
-grep -v '^#' < "$1" > "$1".tmp
-rm -f "$1"
-echo 'rebase -i script before editing:'
-cat "$1".tmp
-action=pick
-for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
-	case $line in
-	squash|fixup|edit|reword)
-		action="$line";;
-	exec*)
-		echo "$line" | sed 's/_/ /g' >> "$1";;
-	"#")
-		echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
-	">")
-		echo >> "$1";;
-	*)
-		sed -n "${line}s/^pick/$action/p" < "$1".tmp >> "$1"
-		action=pick;;
+		;;
 	esac
-done
-echo 'rebase -i script after editing:'
-cat "$1"
-EOF
+	test -z "$EXPECT_COUNT" ||
+		test "$EXPECT_COUNT" = $(sed -e '/^#/d' -e '/^$/d' < "$1" | wc -l) ||
+		exit
+	test -z "$FAKE_LINES" && exit
+	grep -v '^#' < "$1" > "$1".tmp
+	rm -f "$1"
+	echo 'rebase -i script before editing:'
+	cat "$1".tmp
+	action=pick
+	for line in $FAKE_LINES; do
+		case $line in
+		squash|fixup|edit|reword)
+			action="$line";;
+		exec*)
+			echo "$line" | sed 's/_/ /g' >> "$1";;
+		"#")
+			echo '# comment' >> "$1";;
+		">")
+			echo >> "$1";;
+		*)
+			sed -n "${line}s/^pick/$action/p" < "$1".tmp >> "$1"
+			action=pick;;
+		esac
+	done
+	echo 'rebase -i script after editing:'
+	cat "$1"
+	EOF
+
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh"
+}
+
+# After set_cat_todo_editor, rebase -i will write the todo list (ignoring
+# blank lines and comments) to stdout, and exit failure (so you should run
+# it with test_must_fail).  This can be used to verify the expected user
+# experience, for todo list changes that do not affect the outcome of
+# rebase; or as an extra check in addition to checking the outcome.
 
+set_cat_todo_editor () {
+	write_script fake-editor.sh <<-\EOF
+	grep "^[^#]" "$1"
+	exit 1
+	EOF
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor.sh"
-	chmod a+x fake-editor.sh
+}
+
+# checks that the revisions in "$2" represent a linear range with the
+# subjects in "$1"
+test_linear_range () {
+	revlist_merges=$(git rev-list --merges "$2") &&
+	test -z "$revlist_merges" &&
+	expected=$1
+	set -- $(git log --reverse --format=%s "$2")
+	test "$expected" = "$*"
+}
+
+reset_rebase () {
+	test_might_fail git rebase --abort &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -f
+}
+
+cherry_pick () {
+	git cherry-pick -n "$2" &&
+	git commit -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+revert () {
+	git revert -n "$2" &&
+	git commit -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+make_empty () {
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "$1"
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-submodule-update.sh b/t/lib-submodule-update.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..79cdd34a54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib-submodule-update.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+# Create a submodule layout used for all tests below.
+#
+# The following use cases are covered:
+# - New submodule (no_submodule => add_sub1)
+# - Removed submodule (add_sub1 => remove_sub1)
+# - Updated submodule (add_sub1 => modify_sub1)
+# - Submodule updated to invalid commit (add_sub1 => invalid_sub1)
+# - Submodule updated from invalid commit (invalid_sub1 => valid_sub1)
+# - Submodule replaced by tracked files in directory (add_sub1 =>
+#   replace_sub1_with_directory)
+# - Directory containing tracked files replaced by submodule
+#   (replace_sub1_with_directory => replace_directory_with_sub1)
+# - Submodule replaced by tracked file with the same name (add_sub1 =>
+#   replace_sub1_with_file)
+# - Tracked file replaced by submodule (replace_sub1_with_file =>
+#   replace_file_with_sub1)
+#
+#                   --O-----O
+#                  /  ^     replace_directory_with_sub1
+#                 /   replace_sub1_with_directory
+#                /----O
+#               /     ^
+#              /      modify_sub1
+#      O------O-------O
+#      ^      ^\      ^
+#      |      | \     remove_sub1
+#      |      |  -----O-----O
+#      |      |   \   ^     replace_file_with_sub1
+#      |      |    \  replace_sub1_with_file
+#      |   add_sub1 --O-----O
+# no_submodule        ^     valid_sub1
+#                     invalid_sub1
+#
+create_lib_submodule_repo () {
+	git init submodule_update_repo &&
+	(
+		cd submodule_update_repo &&
+		echo "expect" >>.gitignore &&
+		echo "actual" >>.gitignore &&
+		echo "x" >file1 &&
+		echo "y" >file2 &&
+		git add .gitignore file1 file2 &&
+		git commit -m "Base" &&
+		git branch "no_submodule" &&
+
+		git checkout -b "add_sub1" &&
+		git submodule add ./. sub1 &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub1.ignore all &&
+		git config submodule.sub1.ignore all &&
+		git add .gitmodules &&
+		git commit -m "Add sub1" &&
+		git checkout -b remove_sub1 &&
+		git revert HEAD &&
+
+		git checkout -b "modify_sub1" "add_sub1" &&
+		git submodule update &&
+		(
+			cd sub1 &&
+			git fetch &&
+			git checkout -b "modifications" &&
+			echo "z" >file2 &&
+			echo "x" >file3 &&
+			git add file2 file3 &&
+			git commit -m "modified file2 and added file3" &&
+			git push origin modifications
+		) &&
+		git add sub1 &&
+		git commit -m "Modify sub1" &&
+
+		git checkout -b "replace_sub1_with_directory" "add_sub1" &&
+		git submodule update &&
+		(
+			cd sub1 &&
+			git checkout modifications
+		) &&
+		git rm --cached sub1 &&
+		rm sub1/.git* &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section "submodule.sub1" &&
+		git add .gitmodules sub1/* &&
+		git commit -m "Replace sub1 with directory" &&
+		git checkout -b replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+		git revert HEAD &&
+
+		git checkout -b "replace_sub1_with_file" "add_sub1" &&
+		git rm sub1 &&
+		echo "content" >sub1 &&
+		git add sub1 &&
+		git commit -m "Replace sub1 with file" &&
+		git checkout -b replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+		git revert HEAD &&
+
+		git checkout -b "invalid_sub1" "add_sub1" &&
+		git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 0123456789012345678901234567890123456789 sub1 &&
+		git commit -m "Invalid sub1 commit" &&
+		git checkout -b valid_sub1 &&
+		git revert HEAD &&
+		git checkout master
+	)
+}
+
+# Helper function to replace gitfile with .git directory
+replace_gitfile_with_git_dir () {
+	(
+		cd "$1" &&
+		git_dir="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)" &&
+		rm -f .git &&
+		cp -R "$git_dir" .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	)
+}
+
+# Test that the .git directory in the submodule is unchanged (except for the
+# core.worktree setting, which appears only in $GIT_DIR/modules/$1/config).
+# Call this function before test_submodule_content as the latter might
+# write the index file leading to false positive index differences.
+#
+# Note that this only supports submodules at the root level of the
+# superproject, with the default name, i.e. same as its path.
+test_git_directory_is_unchanged () {
+	(
+		cd ".git/modules/$1" &&
+		# does core.worktree point at the right place?
+		test "$(git config core.worktree)" = "../../../$1" &&
+		# remove it temporarily before comparing, as
+		# "$1/.git/config" lacks it...
+		git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	diff -r ".git/modules/$1" "$1/.git" &&
+	(
+		# ... and then restore.
+		cd ".git/modules/$1" &&
+		git config core.worktree "../../../$1"
+	)
+}
+
+# Helper function to be executed at the start of every test below, it sets up
+# the submodule repo if it doesn't exist and configures the most problematic
+# settings for diff.ignoreSubmodules.
+prolog () {
+	(test -d submodule_update_repo || create_lib_submodule_repo) &&
+	test_config_global diff.ignoreSubmodules all &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules all
+}
+
+# Helper function to bring work tree back into the state given by the
+# commit. This includes trying to populate sub1 accordingly if it exists and
+# should be updated to an existing commit.
+reset_work_tree_to () {
+	rm -rf submodule_update &&
+	git clone submodule_update_repo submodule_update &&
+	(
+		cd submodule_update &&
+		rm -rf sub1 &&
+		git checkout -f "$1" &&
+		git status -u -s >actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
+		sha1=$(git rev-parse --revs-only HEAD:sub1) &&
+		if test -n "$sha1" &&
+		   test $(cd "sub1" && git rev-parse --verify "$sha1^{commit}")
+		then
+			git submodule update --init --recursive "sub1"
+		fi
+	)
+}
+
+# Test that the superproject contains the content according to commit "$1"
+# (the work tree must match the index for everything but submodules but the
+# index must exactly match the given commit including any submodule SHA-1s).
+test_superproject_content () {
+	git diff-index --cached "$1" >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	git diff-files --ignore-submodules >actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual
+}
+
+# Test that the given submodule at path "$1" contains the content according
+# to the submodule commit recorded in the superproject's commit "$2"
+test_submodule_content () {
+	if test $# != 2
+	then
+		echo "test_submodule_content needs two arguments"
+		return 1
+	fi &&
+	submodule="$1" &&
+	commit="$2" &&
+	test -d "$submodule"/ &&
+	if ! test -f "$submodule"/.git && ! test -d "$submodule"/.git
+	then
+		echo "Submodule $submodule is not populated"
+		return 1
+	fi &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify "$commit:$submodule") &&
+	if test -z "$sha1"
+	then
+		echo "Couldn't retrieve SHA-1 of $submodule for $commit"
+		return 1
+	fi &&
+	(
+		cd "$submodule" &&
+		git status -u -s >actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
+		git diff "$sha1" >actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual
+	)
+}
+
+# Test that the following transitions are correctly handled:
+# - Updated submodule
+# - New submodule
+# - Removed submodule
+# - Directory containing tracked files replaced by submodule
+# - Submodule replaced by tracked files in directory
+# - Submodule replaced by tracked file with the same name
+# - tracked file replaced by submodule
+#
+# The default is that submodule contents aren't changed until "git submodule
+# update" is run. And even then that command doesn't delete the work tree of
+# a removed submodule.
+#
+# Removing a submodule containing a .git directory must fail even when forced
+# to protect the history!
+#
+
+# Test that submodule contents are currently not updated when switching
+# between commits that change a submodule.
+test_submodule_switch () {
+	command="$1"
+	######################### Appearing submodule #########################
+	# Switching to a commit letting a submodule appear creates empty dir ...
+	if test "$KNOWN_FAILURE_STASH_DOES_IGNORE_SUBMODULE_CHANGES" = 1
+	then
+		# Restoring stash fails to restore submodule index entry
+		RESULT="failure"
+	else
+		RESULT="success"
+	fi
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: added submodule creates empty directory" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			$command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... and doesn't care if it already exists ...
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: added submodule leaves existing empty directory alone" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			mkdir sub1 &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			$command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... unless there is an untracked file in its place.
+	test_expect_success "$command: added submodule doesn't remove untracked unignored file with same name" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			>sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail $command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/no_submodule &&
+			test_must_be_empty sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing a tracked file with a submodule produces an empty
+	# directory ...
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: replace tracked file with submodule creates empty directory" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to replace_sub1_with_file &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_file_with_sub1 origin/replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			$command replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/replace_file_with_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... as does removing a directory with tracked files with a
+	# submodule.
+	if test "$KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR" = 1
+	then
+		# Non fast-forward merges fail with "Directory sub1 doesn't
+		# exist. sub1" because the empty submodule directory is not
+		# created
+		RESULT="failure"
+	else
+		RESULT="success"
+	fi
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: replace directory with submodule" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_directory_with_sub1 origin/replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			$command replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/replace_directory_with_sub1
+		)
+	'
+
+	######################## Disappearing submodule #######################
+	# Removing a submodule doesn't remove its work tree ...
+	if test "$KNOWN_FAILURE_STASH_DOES_IGNORE_SUBMODULE_CHANGES" = 1
+	then
+		RESULT="failure"
+	else
+		RESULT="success"
+	fi
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: removed submodule leaves submodule directory and its contents in place" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t remove_sub1 origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			$command remove_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... especially when it contains a .git directory.
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: removed submodule leaves submodule containing a .git directory alone" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t remove_sub1 origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			$command remove_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing a submodule with files in a directory must fail as the
+	# submodule work tree isn't removed ...
+	if test "$KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_ATTEMPTS_TO_MERGE_REMOVED_SUBMODULE_FILES" = 1
+	then
+		# Non fast-forward merges attempt to merge the former
+		# submodule files with the newly checked out ones in the
+		# directory of the same name while it shouldn't.
+		RESULT="failure"
+	else
+		RESULT="success"
+	fi
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: replace submodule with a directory must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_directory origin/replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... especially when it contains a .git directory.
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: replace submodule containing a .git directory with a directory must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_directory origin/replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing it with a file must fail as it could throw away any local
+	# work tree changes ...
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule with a file must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_file origin/replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... or even destroy unpushed parts of submodule history if that
+	# still uses a .git directory.
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule containing a .git directory with a file must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_file origin/replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+
+	########################## Modified submodule #########################
+	# Updating a submodule sha1 doesn't update the submodule's work tree
+	if test "$KNOWN_FAILURE_CHERRY_PICK_SEES_EMPTY_COMMIT" = 1
+	then
+		# When cherry picking a SHA-1 update for an ignored submodule
+		# the commit incorrectly fails with "The previous cherry-pick
+		# is now empty, possibly due to conflict resolution."
+		RESULT="failure"
+	else
+		RESULT="success"
+	fi
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t modify_sub1 origin/modify_sub1 &&
+			$command modify_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/modify_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			git submodule update &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/modify_sub1
+		)
+	'
+
+	# Updating a submodule to an invalid sha1 doesn't update the
+	# submodule's work tree, subsequent update will fail
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree to invalid commit" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t invalid_sub1 origin/invalid_sub1 &&
+			$command invalid_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/invalid_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail git submodule update &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Updating a submodule from an invalid sha1 doesn't update the
+	# submodule's work tree, subsequent update will succeed
+	test_expect_$RESULT "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree from invalid commit" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to invalid_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t valid_sub1 origin/valid_sub1 &&
+			$command valid_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/valid_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/valid_sub1
+		)
+	'
+}
+
+# Test that submodule contents are currently not updated when switching
+# between commits that change a submodule, but throwing away local changes in
+# the superproject is allowed.
+test_submodule_forced_switch () {
+	command="$1"
+	######################### Appearing submodule #########################
+	# Switching to a commit letting a submodule appear creates empty dir ...
+	test_expect_success "$command: added submodule creates empty directory" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			$command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... and doesn't care if it already exists ...
+	test_expect_success "$command: added submodule leaves existing empty directory alone" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			mkdir sub1 &&
+			$command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... unless there is an untracked file in its place.
+	test_expect_success "$command: added submodule does remove untracked unignored file with same name when forced" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to no_submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t add_sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			>sub1 &&
+			$command add_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing a tracked file with a submodule produces an empty
+	# directory ...
+	test_expect_success "$command: replace tracked file with submodule creates empty directory" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to replace_sub1_with_file &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_file_with_sub1 origin/replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			$command replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/replace_file_with_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/replace_file_with_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... as does removing a directory with tracked files with a
+	# submodule.
+	test_expect_success "$command: replace directory with submodule" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_directory_with_sub1 origin/replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			$command replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/replace_directory_with_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/replace_directory_with_sub1
+		)
+	'
+
+	######################## Disappearing submodule #######################
+	# Removing a submodule doesn't remove its work tree ...
+	test_expect_success "$command: removed submodule leaves submodule directory and its contents in place" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t remove_sub1 origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			$command remove_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... especially when it contains a .git directory.
+	test_expect_success "$command: removed submodule leaves submodule containing a .git directory alone" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t remove_sub1 origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			$command remove_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/remove_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing a submodule with files in a directory must fail as the
+	# submodule work tree isn't removed ...
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule with a directory must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_directory origin/replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... especially when it contains a .git directory.
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule containing a .git directory with a directory must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_directory origin/replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_directory &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Replacing it with a file must fail as it could throw away any local
+	# work tree changes ...
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule with a file must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_file origin/replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# ... or even destroy unpushed parts of submodule history if that
+	# still uses a .git directory.
+	test_expect_failure "$command: replace submodule containing a .git directory with a file must fail" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t replace_sub1_with_file origin/replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			replace_gitfile_with_git_dir sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail $command replace_sub1_with_file &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_git_directory_is_unchanged sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+
+	########################## Modified submodule #########################
+	# Updating a submodule sha1 doesn't update the submodule's work tree
+	test_expect_success "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t modify_sub1 origin/modify_sub1 &&
+			$command modify_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/modify_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			git submodule update &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/modify_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Updating a submodule to an invalid sha1 doesn't update the
+	# submodule's work tree, subsequent update will fail
+	test_expect_success "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree to invalid commit" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to add_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t invalid_sub1 origin/invalid_sub1 &&
+			$command invalid_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/invalid_sub1 &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1 &&
+			test_must_fail git submodule update &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/add_sub1
+		)
+	'
+	# Updating a submodule from an invalid sha1 doesn't update the
+	# submodule's work tree, subsequent update will succeed
+	test_expect_success "$command: modified submodule does not update submodule work tree from invalid commit" '
+		prolog &&
+		reset_work_tree_to invalid_sub1 &&
+		(
+			cd submodule_update &&
+			git branch -t valid_sub1 origin/valid_sub1 &&
+			$command valid_sub1 &&
+			test_superproject_content origin/valid_sub1 &&
+			test_dir_is_empty sub1 &&
+			git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+			test_submodule_content sub1 origin/valid_sub1
+		)
+	'
+}
diff --git a/t/lib-t6000.sh b/t/lib-t6000.sh
index ea25dd89e5..3f2d873fec 100644
--- a/t/lib-t6000.sh
+++ b/t/lib-t6000.sh
@@ -1,55 +1,50 @@
 : included from 6002 and others
 
-[ -d .git/refs/tags ] || mkdir -p .git/refs/tags
+mkdir -p .git/refs/tags
 
-:> sed.script
+>sed.script
 
-# Answer the sha1 has associated with the tag. The tag must exist in .git or .git/refs/tags
-tag()
-{
+# Answer the sha1 has associated with the tag. The tag must exist in .git/refs/tags
+tag () {
 	_tag=$1
-	[ -f .git/refs/tags/$_tag ] || error "tag: \"$_tag\" does not exist"
-	cat .git/refs/tags/$_tag
+	test -f ".git/refs/tags/$_tag" || error "tag: \"$_tag\" does not exist"
+	cat ".git/refs/tags/$_tag"
 }
 
 # Generate a commit using the text specified to make it unique and the tree
 # named by the tag specified.
-unique_commit()
-{
+unique_commit () {
 	_text=$1
-        _tree=$2
+	_tree=$2
 	shift 2
-	echo $_text | git commit-tree $(tag $_tree) "$@"
+	echo "$_text" | git commit-tree $(tag "$_tree") "$@"
 }
 
 # Save the output of a command into the tag specified. Prepend
 # a substitution script for the tag onto the front of sed.script
-save_tag()
-{
+save_tag () {
 	_tag=$1
-	[ -n "$_tag" ] || error "usage: save_tag tag commit-args ..."
+	test -n "$_tag" || error "usage: save_tag tag commit-args ..."
 	shift 1
-	"$@" >.git/refs/tags/$_tag
+	"$@" >".git/refs/tags/$_tag"
 
-        echo "s/$(tag $_tag)/$_tag/g" > sed.script.tmp
-	cat sed.script >> sed.script.tmp
+	echo "s/$(tag $_tag)/$_tag/g" >sed.script.tmp
+	cat sed.script >>sed.script.tmp
 	rm sed.script
 	mv sed.script.tmp sed.script
 }
 
-# Replace unhelpful sha1 hashses with their symbolic equivalents
-entag()
-{
+# Replace unhelpful sha1 hashes with their symbolic equivalents
+entag () {
 	sed -f sed.script
 }
 
 # Execute a command after first saving, then setting the GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 # tag to a specified value. Restore the original value on return.
-as_author()
-{
+as_author () {
 	_author=$1
 	shift 1
-        _save=$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
+	_save=$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 
 	GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="$_author"
 	export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
@@ -63,45 +58,58 @@ as_author()
 	fi
 }
 
-commit_date()
-{
-        _commit=$1
-	git cat-file commit $_commit | sed -n "s/^committer .*> \([0-9]*\) .*/\1/p"
+commit_date () {
+	_commit=$1
+	git cat-file commit $_commit |
+	sed -n "s/^committer .*> \([0-9]*\) .*/\1/p"
 }
 
-on_committer_date()
-{
-    _date=$1
-    shift 1
-    GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$_date"
-    export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-    "$@"
-    unset GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+# Assign the value of fake date to a variable, but
+# allow fairly common "1971-08-16 00:00" to be omittd
+assign_fake_date () {
+	case "$2" in
+	??:??:??)	eval "$1='1971-08-16 $2'" ;;
+	??:??)		eval "$1='1971-08-16 00:$2'" ;;
+	??)		eval "$1='1971-08-16 00:00:$2'" ;;
+	*)		eval "$1='$2'" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+on_committer_date () {
+	assign_fake_date GIT_COMMITTER_DATE "$1"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	shift 1
+	"$@"
+}
+
+on_dates () {
+	assign_fake_date GIT_COMMITTER_DATE "$1"
+	assign_fake_date GIT_AUTHOR_DATE "$2"
+	export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
+	shift 2
+	"$@"
 }
 
 # Execute a command and suppress any error output.
-hide_error()
-{
+hide_error () {
 	"$@" 2>/dev/null
 }
 
-check_output()
-{
+check_output () {
 	_name=$1
 	shift 1
-	if eval "$*" | entag > $_name.actual
+	if eval "$*" | entag >"$_name.actual"
 	then
-		test_cmp $_name.expected $_name.actual
+		test_cmp "$_name.expected" "$_name.actual"
 	else
-		return 1;
+		return 1
 	fi
 }
 
 # Turn a reasonable test description into a reasonable test name.
 # All alphanums translated into -'s which are then compressed and stripped
 # from front and back.
-name_from_description()
-{
+name_from_description () {
 	perl -pe '
 		s/[^A-Za-z0-9.]/-/g;
 		s/-+/-/g;
@@ -119,9 +127,11 @@ name_from_description()
 test_output_expect_success()
 {
 	_description=$1
-        _test=$2
-        [ $# -eq 2 ] || error "usage: test_output_expect_success description test <<EOF ... EOF"
-        _name=$(echo $_description | name_from_description)
-	cat > $_name.expected
+	_test=$2
+	test $# -eq 2 ||
+	error "usage: test_output_expect_success description test <<EOF ... EOF"
+
+	_name=$(echo $_description | name_from_description)
+	cat >"$_name.expected"
 	test_expect_success "$_description" "check_output $_name \"$_test\""
 }
diff --git a/t/lib-terminal.sh b/t/lib-terminal.sh
index 58d911d21b..cd220e378e 100644
--- a/t/lib-terminal.sh
+++ b/t/lib-terminal.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,20 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Helpers for terminal output tests.
+
+# Catch tests which should depend on TTY but forgot to. There's no need
+# to additionally check that the TTY prereq is set here.  If the test declared
+# it and we are running the test, then it must have been set.
+test_terminal () {
+	if ! test_declared_prereq TTY
+	then
+		echo >&4 "test_terminal: need to declare TTY prerequisite"
+		return 127
+	fi
+	perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl "$@"
+}
+
+test_lazy_prereq TTY '
+	test_have_prereq PERL &&
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'set up terminal for tests' '
 	# Reading from the pty master seems to get stuck _sometimes_
 	# on Mac OS X 10.5.0, using Perl 5.10.0 or 5.8.9.
 	#
@@ -15,21 +29,8 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'set up terminal for tests' '
 	# After 2000 iterations or so it hangs.
 	# https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=65692
 	#
-	if test "$(uname -s)" = Darwin
-	then
-		:
-	elif
-		"$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl \
-			sh -c "test -t 1 && test -t 2"
-	then
-		test_set_prereq TTY &&
-		test_terminal () {
-			if ! test_declared_prereq TTY
-			then
-				echo >&4 "test_terminal: need to declare TTY prerequisite"
-				return 127
-			fi
-			"$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl "$@"
-		}
-	fi
+	test "$(uname -s)" != Darwin &&
+
+	perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-terminal.perl \
+		sh -c "test -t 1 && test -t 2"
 '
diff --git a/t/perf/.gitignore b/t/perf/.gitignore
index 50f5cc1ed9..982eb8e3a9 100644
--- a/t/perf/.gitignore
+++ b/t/perf/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
-build/
-test-results/
+/build/
+/test-results/
+/trash directory*/
diff --git a/t/perf/README b/t/perf/README
index b2dbad4d50..8848c14619 100644
--- a/t/perf/README
+++ b/t/perf/README
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ You can set the following variables (also in your config.mak):
 
     GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT
 	Number of times a test should be repeated for best-of-N
-	measurements.  Defaults to 5.
+	measurements.  Defaults to 3.
 
     GIT_PERF_MAKE_OPTS
 	Options to use when automatically building a git tree for
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ You can set the following variables (also in your config.mak):
     GIT_PERF_LARGE_REPO
 	Repositories to copy for the performance tests.  The normal
 	repo should be at least git.git size.  The large repo should
-	probably be about linux-2.6.git size for optimal results.
+	probably be about linux.git size for optimal results.
 	Both default to the git.git you are running from.
 
 You can also pass the options taken by ordinary git tests; the most
diff --git a/t/perf/p0000-perf-lib-sanity.sh b/t/perf/p0000-perf-lib-sanity.sh
index 2ca4aaccb8..cf8e1efce7 100755
--- a/t/perf/p0000-perf-lib-sanity.sh
+++ b/t/perf/p0000-perf-lib-sanity.sh
@@ -38,4 +38,18 @@ test_expect_success 'test_export works with weird vars' '
 	test "$bar" = "weird # variable"
 '
 
+test_perf 'important variables available in subshells' '
+	test -n "$HOME" &&
+	test -n "$TEST_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test -n "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+	test -n "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"
+'
+
+test_perf 'test-lib-functions correctly loaded in subshells' '
+	: >a &&
+	test_path_is_file a &&
+	: >b &&
+	test_cmp a b
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p0001-rev-list.sh b/t/perf/p0001-rev-list.sh
index 4f71a63b0a..16359d51ae 100755
--- a/t/perf/p0001-rev-list.sh
+++ b/t/perf/p0001-rev-list.sh
@@ -14,4 +14,16 @@ test_perf 'rev-list --all --objects' '
 	git rev-list --all --objects >/dev/null
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'create new unreferenced commit' '
+	commit=$(git commit-tree HEAD^{tree} -p HEAD)
+'
+
+test_perf 'rev-list $commit --not --all' '
+	git rev-list $commit --not --all >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'rev-list --objects $commit --not --all' '
+	git rev-list --objects $commit --not --all >/dev/null
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh b/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9180ae9343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p0002-read-cache.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Tests performance of reading the index"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+count=1000
+test_perf "read_cache/discard_cache $count times" "
+	test-read-cache $count
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p4000-diff-algorithms.sh b/t/perf/p4000-diff-algorithms.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7e00c9da47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p4000-diff-algorithms.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Tests diff generation performance"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+test_perf 'log -3000 (baseline)' '
+	git log -3000 >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'log --raw -3000 (tree-only)' '
+	git log --raw -3000 >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'log -p -3000 (Myers)' '
+	git log -p -3000 >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'log -p -3000 --histogram' '
+	git log -p -3000 --histogram >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'log -p -3000 --patience' '
+	git log -p -3000 --patience >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p4001-diff-no-index.sh b/t/perf/p4001-diff-no-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..683be6984f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p4001-diff-no-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Test diff --no-index performance"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_large_repo
+test_checkout_worktree
+
+file1=$(git ls-files | tail -n 2 | head -1)
+file2=$(git ls-files | tail -n 1 | head -1)
+
+test_expect_success "empty files, so they take no time to diff" "
+	echo >$file1 &&
+	echo >$file2
+"
+
+test_perf "diff --no-index" "
+	git diff --no-index $file1 $file2 >/dev/null
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh b/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3d074b0e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p4211-line-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests log -L performance'
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_default_repo
+
+# Pick a file to log pseudo-randomly.  The sort key is the blob hash,
+# so it is stable.
+test_expect_success 'select a file' '
+	git ls-tree HEAD | grep ^100644 |
+	sort -k 3 | head -1 | cut -f 2 >filelist
+'
+
+file=$(cat filelist)
+export file
+
+test_perf 'git rev-list --topo-order (baseline)' '
+	git rev-list --topo-order HEAD >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log --follow (baseline for -M)' '
+	git log --oneline --follow -- "$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log -L' '
+	git log -L 1:"$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'git log -M -L' '
+	git log -M -L 1:"$file" >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh b/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5ee9211f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description="Tests index-pack performance"
+
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_large_repo
+
+test_expect_success 'repack' '
+	git repack -ad &&
+	PACK=$(ls .git/objects/pack/*.pack | head -n1) &&
+	test -f "$PACK" &&
+	export PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack 0 threads' '
+	GIT_DIR=t1 git index-pack --threads=1 --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack 1 thread ' '
+	GIT_DIR=t2 GIT_FORCE_THREADS=1 git index-pack --threads=1 --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack 2 threads' '
+	GIT_DIR=t3 git index-pack --threads=2 --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack 4 threads' '
+	GIT_DIR=t4 git index-pack --threads=4 --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack 8 threads' '
+	GIT_DIR=t5 git index-pack --threads=8 --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_perf 'index-pack default number of threads' '
+	GIT_DIR=t6 git index-pack --stdin < $PACK
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/p5310-pack-bitmaps.sh b/t/perf/p5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..f8ed8573b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/perf/p5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests pack performance using bitmaps'
+. ./perf-lib.sh
+
+test_perf_large_repo
+
+# note that we do everything through config,
+# since we want to be able to compare bitmap-aware
+# git versus non-bitmap git
+#
+# We intentionally use the deprecated pack.writebitmaps
+# config so that we can test against older versions of git.
+test_expect_success 'setup bitmap config' '
+	git config pack.writebitmaps true &&
+	git config pack.writebitmaphashcache true
+'
+
+test_perf 'repack to disk' '
+	git repack -ad
+'
+
+test_perf 'simulated clone' '
+	git pack-objects --stdout --all </dev/null >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_perf 'simulated fetch' '
+	have=$(git rev-list HEAD~100 -1) &&
+	{
+		echo HEAD &&
+		echo ^$have
+	} | git pack-objects --revs --stdout >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create partial bitmap state' '
+	# pick a commit to represent the repo tip in the past
+	cutoff=$(git rev-list HEAD~100 -1) &&
+	orig_tip=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	# now kill off all of the refs and pretend we had
+	# just the one tip
+	rm -rf .git/logs .git/refs/* .git/packed-refs
+	git update-ref HEAD $cutoff
+
+	# and then repack, which will leave us with a nice
+	# big bitmap pack of the "old" history, and all of
+	# the new history will be loose, as if it had been pushed
+	# up incrementally and exploded via unpack-objects
+	git repack -Ad
+
+	# and now restore our original tip, as if the pushes
+	# had happened
+	git update-ref HEAD $orig_tip
+'
+
+test_perf 'partial bitmap' '
+	git pack-objects --stdout --all </dev/null >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
index 2a5e1f354d..5cf74eddec 100644
--- a/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
+++ b/t/perf/perf-lib.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Performance testing framework.  Each perf script starts much like
+# a normal test script, except it sources this library instead of
+# test-lib.sh.  See t/perf/README for documentation.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2011 Thomas Rast
 #
@@ -42,9 +44,14 @@ else
 fi
 
 TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=t
+TEST_NO_MALLOC_CHECK=t
 
 . ../test-lib.sh
 
+# Variables from test-lib that are normally internal to the tests; we
+# need to export them for test_perf subshells
+export TEST_DIRECTORY TRASH_DIRECTORY GIT_BUILD_DIR GIT_TEST_CMP
+
 perf_results_dir=$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results
 mkdir -p "$perf_results_dir"
 rm -f "$perf_results_dir"/$(basename "$0" .sh).subtests
@@ -84,7 +91,7 @@ test_perf_create_repo_from () {
 				*/objects|*/hooks|*/config)
 					;;
 				*)
-					cp -R "$stuff" . || break
+					cp -R "$stuff" . || exit 1
 					;;
 			esac
 		done &&
@@ -119,7 +126,7 @@ test_run_perf_ () {
 	test_export_="test_cleanup"
 	export test_cleanup test_export_
 	/usr/bin/time -f "%E %U %S" -o test_time.$i "$SHELL" -c '
-. '"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../test-lib-functions.sh'
+. '"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-lib-functions.sh'
 test_export () {
 	[ $# != 0 ] || return 0
 	test_export_="$test_export_\\|$1"
@@ -145,6 +152,7 @@ exit $ret' >&3 2>&4
 
 
 test_perf () {
+	test_start_
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
@@ -155,16 +163,16 @@ test_perf () {
 		echo "$test_count" >>"$perf_results_dir"/$base.subtests
 		echo "$1" >"$perf_results_dir"/$base.$test_count.descr
 		if test -z "$verbose"; then
-			echo -n "perf $test_count - $1:"
+			printf "%s" "perf $test_count - $1:"
 		else
 			echo "perf $test_count - $1:"
 		fi
-		for i in $(seq 1 $GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT); do
+		for i in $(test_seq 1 $GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT); do
 			say >&3 "running: $2"
 			if test_run_perf_ "$2"
 			then
 				if test -z "$verbose"; then
-					echo -n " $i"
+					printf " %s" "$i"
 				else
 					echo "* timing run $i/$GIT_PERF_REPEAT_COUNT:"
 				fi
@@ -182,7 +190,7 @@ test_perf () {
 		base="$perf_results_dir"/"$perf_results_prefix$(basename "$0" .sh)"."$test_count"
 		"$TEST_DIRECTORY"/perf/min_time.perl test_time.* >"$base".times
 	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
+	test_finish_
 }
 
 # We extend test_done to print timings at the end (./run disables this
diff --git a/t/t0000-basic.sh b/t/t0000-basic.sh
index f4e8f43bae..79b9074172 100755
--- a/t/t0000-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t0000-basic.sh
@@ -18,85 +18,684 @@ swapping compression and hashing order, the person who is making the
 modification *should* take notice and update the test vectors here.
 '
 
-################################################################
-# It appears that people try to run tests without building...
-
-../git >/dev/null
-if test $? != 1
-then
-	echo >&2 'You do not seem to have built git yet.'
-	exit 1
-fi
-
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 ################################################################
 # git init has been done in an empty repository.
 # make sure it is empty.
 
-find .git/objects -type f -print >should-be-empty
-test_expect_success \
-    '.git/objects should be empty after git init in an empty repo.' \
-    'cmp -s /dev/null should-be-empty'
+test_expect_success '.git/objects should be empty after git init in an empty repo' '
+	find .git/objects -type f -print >should-be-empty &&
+	test_line_count = 0 should-be-empty
+'
 
 # also it should have 2 subdirectories; no fan-out anymore, pack, and info.
 # 3 is counting "objects" itself
-find .git/objects -type d -print >full-of-directories
-test_expect_success \
-    '.git/objects should have 3 subdirectories.' \
-    'test $(wc -l < full-of-directories) = 3'
+test_expect_success '.git/objects should have 3 subdirectories' '
+	find .git/objects -type d -print >full-of-directories &&
+	test_line_count = 3 full-of-directories
+'
 
 ################################################################
 # Test harness
 test_expect_success 'success is reported like this' '
-    :
-'
-test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' '
-    false
+	:
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage (run in sub test-lib)' "
-    mkdir passing-todo &&
-    (cd passing-todo &&
-    cat >passing-todo.sh <<EOF &&
-#!$SHELL_PATH
+_run_sub_test_lib_test_common () {
+	neg="$1" name="$2" descr="$3" # stdin is the body of the test code
+	shift 3
+	mkdir "$name" &&
+	(
+		# Pretend we're not running under a test harness, whether we
+		# are or not. The test-lib output depends on the setting of
+		# this variable, so we need a stable setting under which to run
+		# the sub-test.
+		sane_unset HARNESS_ACTIVE &&
+		cd "$name" &&
+		cat >"$name.sh" <<-EOF &&
+		#!$SHELL_PATH
 
-test_description='A passing TODO test
+		test_description='$descr (run in sub test-lib)
 
-This is run in a sub test-lib so that we do not get incorrect passing
-metrics
-'
+		This is run in a sub test-lib so that we do not get incorrect
+		passing metrics
+		'
+
+		# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
+		. "\$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-lib.sh
+		EOF
+		cat >>"$name.sh" &&
+		chmod +x "$name.sh" &&
+		export TEST_DIRECTORY &&
+		TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(pwd) &&
+		export TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY &&
+		if test -z "$neg"
+		then
+			./"$name.sh" "$@" >out 2>err
+		else
+			!  ./"$name.sh" "$@" >out 2>err
+		fi
+	)
+}
 
-# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
-TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
-. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
+run_sub_test_lib_test () {
+	_run_sub_test_lib_test_common '' "$@"
+}
 
-test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' '
-    :
+run_sub_test_lib_test_err () {
+	_run_sub_test_lib_test_common '!' "$@"
+}
+
+check_sub_test_lib_test () {
+	name="$1" # stdin is the expected output from the test
+	(
+		cd "$name" &&
+		! test -s err &&
+		sed -e 's/^> //' -e 's/Z$//' >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect out
+	)
+}
+
+check_sub_test_lib_test_err () {
+	name="$1" # stdin is the expected output output from the test
+	# expected error output is in descriptior 3
+	(
+		cd "$name" &&
+		sed -e 's/^> //' -e 's/Z$//' >expect.out &&
+		test_cmp expect.out out &&
+		sed -e 's/^> //' -e 's/Z$//' <&3 >expect.err &&
+		test_cmp expect.err err
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a fully passing test suite' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test full-pass '3 passing tests' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test full-pass <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> # passed all 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a partially passing test suite' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		partial-pass '2/3 tests passing' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test #1' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test #2' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test #3' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test partial-pass <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> not ok 2 - failing test #2
+	#	false
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a known breakage' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test failing-todo 'A failing TODO test' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test failing-todo <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> not ok 2 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # passed all remaining 1 test(s)
+	> 1..2
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test passing-todo 'A passing TODO test' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test passing-todo <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> 1..1
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have fixed one of two known breakages (run in sub test-lib)' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test partially-passing-todos \
+		'2 TODO tests, one passing' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'pretend we have a passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed another known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test partially-passing-todos <<-\\EOF
+	> not ok 1 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> ok 2 - pretend we have a passing test
+	> ok 3 - pretend we have fixed another known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # passed all remaining 1 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a pass, fail, and known breakage' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		mixed-results1 'mixed results #1' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test mixed-results1 <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> not ok 2 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 3 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> # still have 1 known breakage(s)
+	> # failed 1 among remaining 2 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'pretend we have a mix of all possible results' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		mixed-results2 'mixed results #2' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'passing test' 'true'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_success 'failing test' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have a known breakage' 'false'
+	test_expect_failure 'pretend we have fixed a known breakage' 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test mixed-results2 <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> ok 2 - passing test
+	> ok 3 - passing test
+	> ok 4 - passing test
+	> not ok 5 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 6 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 7 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> not ok 8 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> not ok 9 - pretend we have a known breakage # TODO known breakage
+	> ok 10 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage vanished
+	> # 1 known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)
+	> # still have 2 known breakage(s)
+	> # failed 3 among remaining 7 test(s)
+	> 1..10
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'test --verbose' '
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		test-verbose "test verbose" --verbose <<-\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success "passing test" true
+	test_expect_success "test with output" "echo foo"
+	test_expect_success "failing test" false
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	mv test-verbose/out test-verbose/out+ &&
+	grep -v "^Initialized empty" test-verbose/out+ >test-verbose/out &&
+	check_sub_test_lib_test test-verbose <<-\EOF
+	> expecting success: true
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: echo foo
+	> foo
+	> ok 2 - test with output
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: false
+	> not ok 3 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> Z
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
 '
 
-test_done
-EOF
-    chmod +x passing-todo.sh &&
-    ./passing-todo.sh >out 2>err &&
-    ! test -s err &&
-sed -e 's/^> //' >expect <<EOF &&
-> ok 1 - pretend we have fixed a known breakage # TODO known breakage
-> # fixed 1 known breakage(s)
-> # passed all 1 test(s)
-> 1..1
-EOF
-    test_cmp expect out)
+test_expect_success 'test --verbose-only' '
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		test-verbose-only-2 "test verbose-only=2" \
+		--verbose-only=2 <<-\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success "passing test" true
+	test_expect_success "test with output" "echo foo"
+	test_expect_success "failing test" false
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test test-verbose-only-2 <<-\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test
+	> Z
+	> expecting success: echo foo
+	> foo
+	> ok 2 - test with output
+	> Z
+	> not ok 3 - failing test
+	> #	false
+	> # failed 1 among 3 test(s)
+	> 1..3
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_SKIP_TESTS' "
+	(
+		GIT_SKIP_TESTS='git.2' && export GIT_SKIP_TESTS &&
+		run_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-basic \
+			'GIT_SKIP_TESTS' <<-\\EOF &&
+		for i in 1 2 3
+		do
+			test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+		done
+		test_done
+		EOF
+		check_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-basic <<-\\EOF
+		> ok 1 - passing test #1
+		> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 3 - passing test #3
+		> # passed all 3 test(s)
+		> 1..3
+		EOF
+	)
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_SKIP_TESTS several tests' "
+	(
+		GIT_SKIP_TESTS='git.2 git.5' && export GIT_SKIP_TESTS &&
+		run_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-several \
+			'GIT_SKIP_TESTS several tests' <<-\\EOF &&
+		for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+		do
+			test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+		done
+		test_done
+		EOF
+		check_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-several <<-\\EOF
+		> ok 1 - passing test #1
+		> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 3 - passing test #3
+		> ok 4 - passing test #4
+		> ok 5 # skip passing test #5 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 6 - passing test #6
+		> # passed all 6 test(s)
+		> 1..6
+		EOF
+	)
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_SKIP_TESTS sh pattern' "
+	(
+		GIT_SKIP_TESTS='git.[2-5]' && export GIT_SKIP_TESTS &&
+		run_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-sh-pattern \
+			'GIT_SKIP_TESTS sh pattern' <<-\\EOF &&
+		for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+		do
+			test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+		done
+		test_done
+		EOF
+		check_sub_test_lib_test git-skip-tests-sh-pattern <<-\\EOF
+		> ok 1 - passing test #1
+		> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 5 # skip passing test #5 (GIT_SKIP_TESTS)
+		> ok 6 - passing test #6
+		> # passed all 6 test(s)
+		> 1..6
+		EOF
+	)
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run basic' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-basic \
+		'--run basic' --run='1 3 5' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-basic <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (--run)
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with a range' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-range \
+		'--run with a range' --run='1-3' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-range <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 # skip passing test #5 (--run)
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with two ranges' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-two-ranges \
+		'--run with two ranges' --run='1-2 5-6' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-two-ranges <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 - passing test #6
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with a left open range' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-left-open-range \
+		'--run with a left open range' --run='-3' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-left-open-range <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 # skip passing test #5 (--run)
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with a right open range' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-right-open-range \
+		'--run with a right open range' --run='4-' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-right-open-range <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 # skip passing test #1 (--run)
+	> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (--run)
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 - passing test #6
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with basic negation' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-basic-neg \
+		'--run with basic negation' --run='"'!3'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-basic-neg <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 - passing test #6
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run with two negations' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-two-neg \
+		'--run with two negations' --run='"'!3 !6'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-two-neg <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run a range and negation' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-range-and-neg \
+		'--run a range and negation' --run='"'-4 !2'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-range-and-neg <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (--run)
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 # skip passing test #5 (--run)
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run range negation' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-range-neg \
+		'--run range negation' --run='"'!1-3'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-range-neg <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 # skip passing test #1 (--run)
+	> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (--run)
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 - passing test #6
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run include, exclude and include' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-inc-neg-inc \
+		'--run include, exclude and include' \
+		--run='"'1-5 !1-3 2'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-inc-neg-inc <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 # skip passing test #1 (--run)
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run include, exclude and include, comma separated' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-inc-neg-inc-comma \
+		'--run include, exclude and include, comma separated' \
+		--run=1-5,\!1-3,2 <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-inc-neg-inc-comma <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 # skip passing test #1 (--run)
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 - passing test #4
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run exclude and include' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-neg-inc \
+		'--run exclude and include' \
+		--run='"'!3- 5'"' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-neg-inc <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 - passing test #2
+	> ok 3 # skip passing test #3 (--run)
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
 "
+
+test_expect_success '--run empty selectors' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test run-empty-sel \
+		'--run empty selectors' \
+		--run='1,,3,,,5' <<-\\EOF &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
+	do
+		test_expect_success \"passing test #\$i\" 'true'
+	done
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test run-empty-sel <<-\\EOF
+	> ok 1 - passing test #1
+	> ok 2 # skip passing test #2 (--run)
+	> ok 3 - passing test #3
+	> ok 4 # skip passing test #4 (--run)
+	> ok 5 - passing test #5
+	> ok 6 # skip passing test #6 (--run)
+	> # passed all 6 test(s)
+	> 1..6
+	EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run invalid range start' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-range-start \
+		'--run invalid range start' \
+		--run='a-5' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success \"passing test #1\" 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-range-start \
+		<<-\\EOF_OUT 3<<-\\EOF_ERR
+	> FATAL: Unexpected exit with code 1
+	EOF_OUT
+	> error: --run: invalid non-numeric in range start: 'a-5'
+	EOF_ERR
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run invalid range end' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-range-end \
+		'--run invalid range end' \
+		--run='1-z' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success \"passing test #1\" 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-range-end \
+		<<-\\EOF_OUT 3<<-\\EOF_ERR
+	> FATAL: Unexpected exit with code 1
+	EOF_OUT
+	> error: --run: invalid non-numeric in range end: '1-z'
+	EOF_ERR
+"
+
+test_expect_success '--run invalid selector' "
+	run_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-selector \
+		'--run invalid selector' \
+		--run='1?' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success \"passing test #1\" 'true'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test_err run-inv-selector \
+		<<-\\EOF_OUT 3<<-\\EOF_ERR
+	> FATAL: Unexpected exit with code 1
+	EOF_OUT
+	> error: --run: invalid non-numeric in test selector: '1?'
+	EOF_ERR
+"
+
+
 test_set_prereq HAVEIT
 haveit=no
 test_expect_success HAVEIT 'test runs if prerequisite is satisfied' '
-    test_have_prereq HAVEIT &&
-    haveit=yes
+	test_have_prereq HAVEIT &&
+	haveit=yes
 '
 donthaveit=yes
 test_expect_success DONTHAVEIT 'unmet prerequisite causes test to be skipped' '
-    donthaveit=no
+	donthaveit=no
 '
 if test $haveit$donthaveit != yesyes
 then
@@ -107,17 +706,17 @@ fi
 test_set_prereq HAVETHIS
 haveit=no
 test_expect_success HAVETHIS,HAVEIT 'test runs if prerequisites are satisfied' '
-    test_have_prereq HAVEIT &&
-    test_have_prereq HAVETHIS &&
-    haveit=yes
+	test_have_prereq HAVEIT &&
+	test_have_prereq HAVETHIS &&
+	haveit=yes
 '
 donthaveit=yes
 test_expect_success HAVEIT,DONTHAVEIT 'unmet prerequisites causes test to be skipped' '
-    donthaveit=no
+	donthaveit=no
 '
 donthaveiteither=yes
 test_expect_success DONTHAVEIT,HAVEIT 'unmet prerequisites causes test to be skipped' '
-    donthaveiteither=no
+	donthaveiteither=no
 '
 if test $haveit$donthaveit$donthaveiteither != yesyesyes
 then
@@ -125,258 +724,265 @@ then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-clean=no
-test_expect_success 'tests clean up after themselves' '
-    test_when_finished clean=yes
+test_lazy_prereq LAZY_TRUE true
+havetrue=no
+test_expect_success LAZY_TRUE 'test runs if lazy prereq is satisfied' '
+	havetrue=yes
+'
+donthavetrue=yes
+test_expect_success !LAZY_TRUE 'missing lazy prereqs skip tests' '
+	donthavetrue=no
 '
 
-if test $clean != yes
+if test "$havetrue$donthavetrue" != yesyes
 then
-	say "bug in test framework: basic cleanup command does not work reliably"
+	say 'bug in test framework: lazy prerequisites do not work'
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-test_expect_success 'tests clean up even on failures' "
-    mkdir failing-cleanup &&
-    (cd failing-cleanup &&
-    cat >failing-cleanup.sh <<EOF &&
-#!$SHELL_PATH
-
-test_description='Failing tests with cleanup commands'
+test_lazy_prereq LAZY_FALSE false
+nothavefalse=no
+test_expect_success !LAZY_FALSE 'negative lazy prereqs checked' '
+	nothavefalse=yes
+'
+havefalse=yes
+test_expect_success LAZY_FALSE 'missing negative lazy prereqs will skip' '
+	havefalse=no
+'
 
-# Point to the t/test-lib.sh, which isn't in ../ as usual
-TEST_DIRECTORY=\"$TEST_DIRECTORY\"
-. \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/test-lib.sh
+if test "$nothavefalse$havefalse" != yesyes
+then
+	say 'bug in test framework: negative lazy prerequisites do not work'
+	exit 1
+fi
 
-test_expect_success 'tests clean up even after a failure' '
-    touch clean-after-failure &&
-    test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
-    (exit 1)
+clean=no
+test_expect_success 'tests clean up after themselves' '
+	test_when_finished clean=yes
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'failure to clean up causes the test to fail' '
-    test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
-'
+if test $clean != yes
+then
+	say "bug in test framework: basic cleanup command does not work reliably"
+	exit 1
+fi
 
-test_done
-EOF
-    chmod +x failing-cleanup.sh &&
-    test_must_fail ./failing-cleanup.sh >out 2>err &&
-    ! test -s err &&
-    ! test -f \"trash directory.failing-cleanup/clean-after-failure\" &&
-sed -e 's/Z$//' -e 's/^> //' >expect <<\EOF &&
-> not ok - 1 tests clean up even after a failure
-> #	Z
-> #	    touch clean-after-failure &&
-> #	    test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
-> #	    (exit 1)
-> #	Z
-> not ok - 2 failure to clean up causes the test to fail
-> #	Z
-> #	    test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
-> #	Z
-> # failed 2 among 2 test(s)
-> 1..2
-EOF
-    test_cmp expect out)
+test_expect_success 'tests clean up even on failures' "
+	test_must_fail run_sub_test_lib_test \
+		failing-cleanup 'Failing tests with cleanup commands' <<-\\EOF &&
+	test_expect_success 'tests clean up even after a failure' '
+		touch clean-after-failure &&
+		test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
+		(exit 1)
+	'
+	test_expect_success 'failure to clean up causes the test to fail' '
+		test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
+	'
+	test_done
+	EOF
+	check_sub_test_lib_test failing-cleanup <<-\\EOF
+	> not ok 1 - tests clean up even after a failure
+	> #	Z
+	> #	touch clean-after-failure &&
+	> #	test_when_finished rm clean-after-failure &&
+	> #	(exit 1)
+	> #	Z
+	> not ok 2 - failure to clean up causes the test to fail
+	> #	Z
+	> #	test_when_finished \"(exit 2)\"
+	> #	Z
+	> # failed 2 among 2 test(s)
+	> 1..2
+	EOF
 "
 
 ################################################################
 # Basics of the basics
 
 # updating a new file without --add should fail.
-test_expect_success 'git update-index without --add should fail adding.' '
-    test_must_fail git update-index should-be-empty
+test_expect_success 'git update-index without --add should fail adding' '
+	test_must_fail git update-index should-be-empty
 '
 
 # and with --add it should succeed, even if it is empty (it used to fail).
-test_expect_success \
-    'git update-index with --add should succeed.' \
-    'git update-index --add should-be-empty'
+test_expect_success 'git update-index with --add should succeed' '
+	git update-index --add should-be-empty
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'writing tree out with git write-tree' \
-    'tree=$(git write-tree)'
+test_expect_success 'writing tree out with git write-tree' '
+	tree=$(git write-tree)
+'
 
 # we know the shape and contents of the tree and know the object ID for it.
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate object ID of a known tree.' \
-    'test "$tree" = 7bb943559a305bdd6bdee2cef6e5df2413c3d30a'
+test_expect_success 'validate object ID of a known tree' '
+	test "$tree" = 7bb943559a305bdd6bdee2cef6e5df2413c3d30a
+    '
 
 # Removing paths.
-rm -f should-be-empty full-of-directories
-test_expect_success 'git update-index without --remove should fail removing.' '
-    test_must_fail git update-index should-be-empty
+test_expect_success 'git update-index without --remove should fail removing' '
+	rm -f should-be-empty full-of-directories &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index should-be-empty
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git update-index with --remove should be able to remove.' \
-    'git update-index --remove should-be-empty'
+test_expect_success 'git update-index with --remove should be able to remove' '
+	git update-index --remove should-be-empty
+'
 
 # Empty tree can be written with recent write-tree.
-test_expect_success \
-    'git write-tree should be able to write an empty tree.' \
-    'tree=$(git write-tree)'
+test_expect_success 'git write-tree should be able to write an empty tree' '
+	tree=$(git write-tree)
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate object ID of a known tree.' \
-    'test "$tree" = 4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904'
+test_expect_success 'validate object ID of a known tree' '
+	test "$tree" = 4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+'
 
 # Various types of objects
-# Some filesystems do not support symblic links; on such systems
-# some expected values are different
-mkdir path2 path3 path3/subp3
-paths='path0 path2/file2 path3/file3 path3/subp3/file3'
-for p in $paths
-do
-    echo "hello $p" >$p
-done
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	for p in $paths
-	do
-		ln -s "hello $p" ${p}sym
-	done
-	expectfilter=cat
-	expectedtree=087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
-	expectedptree1=21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3
-	expectedptree2=3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2
-else
-	expectfilter='grep -v sym'
-	expectedtree=8e18edf7d7edcf4371a3ac6ae5f07c2641db7c46
-	expectedptree1=cfb8591b2f65de8b8cc1020cd7d9e67e7793b325
-	expectedptree2=ce580448f0148b985a513b693fdf7d802cacb44f
-fi
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'adding various types of objects with git update-index --add.' \
-    'find path* ! -type d -print | xargs git update-index --add'
+test_expect_success 'adding various types of objects with git update-index --add' '
+	mkdir path2 path3 path3/subp3 &&
+	paths="path0 path2/file2 path3/file3 path3/subp3/file3" &&
+	(
+		for p in $paths
+		do
+			echo "hello $p" >$p || exit 1
+			test_ln_s_add "hello $p" ${p}sym || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	find path* ! -type d -print | xargs git update-index --add
+'
 
 # Show them and see that matches what we expect.
-test_expect_success \
-    'showing stage with git ls-files --stage' \
-    'git ls-files --stage >current'
-
-$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
-100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0	path0
-120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0	path0sym
-100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0	path2/file2
-120000 d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38 0	path2/file2sym
-100644 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376 0	path3/file3
-120000 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f 0	path3/file3sym
-100644 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f 0	path3/subp3/file3
-120000 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c 0	path3/subp3/file3sym
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git ls-files output for a known tree.' \
-    'test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'writing tree out with git write-tree.' \
-    'tree=$(git write-tree)'
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate object ID for a known tree.' \
-    'test "$tree" = "$expectedtree"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'showing tree with git ls-tree' \
-    'git ls-tree $tree >current'
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
-120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
-040000 tree 58a09c23e2ca152193f2786e06986b7b6712bdbe	path2
-040000 tree 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3	path3
-EOF
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git ls-tree output for a known tree.' \
-    'test_cmp expected current'
+test_expect_success 'showing stage with git ls-files --stage' '
+	git ls-files --stage >current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate git ls-files output for a known tree' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0	path0
+	120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0	path0sym
+	100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0	path2/file2
+	120000 d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38 0	path2/file2sym
+	100644 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376 0	path3/file3
+	120000 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f 0	path3/file3sym
+	100644 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f 0	path3/subp3/file3
+	120000 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c 0	path3/subp3/file3sym
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'writing tree out with git write-tree' '
+	tree=$(git write-tree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
+	test "$tree" = 087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing tree with git ls-tree' '
+    git ls-tree $tree >current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree output for a known tree' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
+	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
+	040000 tree 58a09c23e2ca152193f2786e06986b7b6712bdbe	path2
+	040000 tree 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3	path3
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
 # This changed in ls-tree pathspec change -- recursive does
 # not show tree nodes anymore.
-test_expect_success \
-    'showing tree with git ls-tree -r' \
-    'git ls-tree -r $tree >current'
-$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
-100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
-120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
-100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
-120000 blob d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38	path2/file2sym
-100644 blob 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376	path3/file3
-120000 blob 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f	path3/file3sym
-100644 blob 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f	path3/subp3/file3
-120000 blob 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c	path3/subp3/file3sym
-EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree.' \
-    'test_cmp expected current'
+test_expect_success 'showing tree with git ls-tree -r' '
+	git ls-tree -r $tree >current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
+	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
+	100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
+	120000 blob d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38	path2/file2sym
+	100644 blob 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376	path3/file3
+	120000 blob 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f	path3/file3sym
+	100644 blob 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f	path3/subp3/file3
+	120000 blob 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c	path3/subp3/file3sym
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
 # But with -r -t we can have both.
-test_expect_success \
-    'showing tree with git ls-tree -r -t' \
-    'git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current'
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
-120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
-040000 tree 58a09c23e2ca152193f2786e06986b7b6712bdbe	path2
-100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
-120000 blob d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38	path2/file2sym
-040000 tree 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3	path3
-100644 blob 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376	path3/file3
-120000 blob 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f	path3/file3sym
-040000 tree 3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2	path3/subp3
-100644 blob 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f	path3/subp3/file3
-120000 blob 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c	path3/subp3/file3sym
-EOF
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree.' \
-    'test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix.' \
-    'ptree=$(git write-tree --prefix=path3)'
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate object ID for a known tree.' \
-    'test "$ptree" = "$expectedptree1"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix.' \
-    'ptree=$(git write-tree --prefix=path3/subp3)'
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate object ID for a known tree.' \
-    'test "$ptree" = "$expectedptree2"'
-
-cat >badobjects <<EOF
-100644 blob 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file1
-100644 blob 2000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file2
-100644 blob 3000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file3
-100644 blob 4000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file4
-100644 blob 5000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file5
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'showing tree with git ls-tree -r -t' '
+	git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-tree -r output for a known tree' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154	path0
+	120000 blob 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01	path0sym
+	040000 tree 58a09c23e2ca152193f2786e06986b7b6712bdbe	path2
+	100644 blob 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7	path2/file2
+	120000 blob d8ce161addc5173867a3c3c730924388daedbc38	path2/file2sym
+	040000 tree 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3	path3
+	100644 blob 0aa34cae68d0878578ad119c86ca2b5ed5b28376	path3/file3
+	120000 blob 8599103969b43aff7e430efea79ca4636466794f	path3/file3sym
+	040000 tree 3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2	path3/subp3
+	100644 blob 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f	path3/subp3/file3
+	120000 blob 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c	path3/subp3/file3sym
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
-rm .git/index
-test_expect_success \
-    'put invalid objects into the index.' \
-    'git update-index --index-info < badobjects'
+test_expect_success 'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix' '
+	ptree=$(git write-tree --prefix=path3)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
+	test "$ptree" = 21ae8269cacbe57ae09138dcc3a2887f904d02b3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'writing partial tree out with git write-tree --prefix' '
+	ptree=$(git write-tree --prefix=path3/subp3)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate object ID for a known tree' '
+	test "$ptree" = 3c5e5399f3a333eddecce7a9b9465b63f65f51e2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'put invalid objects into the index' '
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	cat >badobjects <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file1
+	100644 blob 2000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file2
+	100644 blob 3000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file3
+	100644 blob 4000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file4
+	100644 blob 5000000000000000000000000000000000000000	dir/file5
+	EOF
+	git update-index --index-info <badobjects
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'writing this tree without --missing-ok.' '
-    test_must_fail git write-tree
+test_expect_success 'writing this tree without --missing-ok' '
+	test_must_fail git write-tree
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'writing this tree with --missing-ok.' \
-    'git write-tree --missing-ok'
+test_expect_success 'writing this tree with --missing-ok' '
+	git write-tree --missing-ok
+'
 
 
 ################################################################
-rm .git/index
-test_expect_success \
-    'git read-tree followed by write-tree should be idempotent.' \
-    'git read-tree $tree &&
-     test -f .git/index &&
-     newtree=$(git write-tree) &&
-     test "$newtree" = "$tree"'
-
-$expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
+test_expect_success 'git read-tree followed by write-tree should be idempotent' '
+	rm -f .git/index &&
+	git read-tree $tree &&
+	test -f .git/index &&
+	newtree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	test "$newtree" = "$tree"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate git diff-files output for a know cache/work tree state' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 :100644 100644 f87290f8eb2cbbea7857214459a0739927eab154 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0
 :120000 120000 15a98433ae33114b085f3eb3bb03b832b3180a01 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0sym
 :100644 100644 3feff949ed00a62d9f7af97c15cd8a30595e7ac7 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path2/file2
@@ -386,45 +992,47 @@ $expectfilter >expected <<\EOF
 :100644 100644 00fb5908cb97c2564a9783c0c64087333b3b464f 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path3/subp3/file3
 :120000 120000 6649a1ebe9e9f1c553b66f5a6e74136a07ccc57c 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path3/subp3/file3sym
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git diff-files output for a know cache/work tree state.' \
-    'git diff-files >current && test_cmp current expected >/dev/null'
+	git diff-files >current &&
+	test_cmp current expected
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git update-index --refresh should succeed.' \
-    'git update-index --refresh'
+test_expect_success 'git update-index --refresh should succeed' '
+	git update-index --refresh
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'no diff after checkout and git update-index --refresh.' \
-    'git diff-files >current && cmp -s current /dev/null'
+test_expect_success 'no diff after checkout and git update-index --refresh' '
+	git diff-files >current &&
+	cmp -s current /dev/null
+'
 
 ################################################################
-P=$expectedtree
-test_expect_success \
-    'git commit-tree records the correct tree in a commit.' \
-    'commit0=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P) &&
-     tree=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit0 |
-	 sed -n -e "s/^tree //p" -e "/^author /q") &&
-     test "z$tree" = "z$P"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git commit-tree records the correct parent in a commit.' \
-    'commit1=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P -p $commit0) &&
-     parent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit1 |
-	 sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q") &&
-     test "z$commit0" = "z$parent"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git commit-tree omits duplicated parent in a commit.' \
-    'commit2=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P -p $commit0 -p $commit0) &&
-     parent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit2 |
-	 sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q" |
-	 sort -u) &&
-     test "z$commit0" = "z$parent" &&
-     numparent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit2 |
-	 sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q" |
-	 wc -l) &&
-     test $numparent = 1'
+P=087704a96baf1c2d1c869a8b084481e121c88b5b
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit-tree records the correct tree in a commit' '
+	commit0=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P) &&
+	tree=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit0 |
+		 sed -n -e "s/^tree //p" -e "/^author /q") &&
+	test "z$tree" = "z$P"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit-tree records the correct parent in a commit' '
+	commit1=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P -p $commit0) &&
+	parent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit1 |
+		sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q") &&
+	test "z$commit0" = "z$parent"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit-tree omits duplicated parent in a commit' '
+	commit2=$(echo NO | git commit-tree $P -p $commit0 -p $commit0) &&
+	     parent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit2 |
+		sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q" |
+		sort -u) &&
+	test "z$commit0" = "z$parent" &&
+	numparent=$(git show --pretty=raw $commit2 |
+		sed -n -e "s/^parent //p" -e "/^author /q" |
+		wc -l) &&
+	test $numparent = 1
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'update-index D/F conflict' '
 	mv path0 tmp &&
@@ -435,24 +1043,6 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index D/F conflict' '
 	test $numpath0 = 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'real path works as expected' '
-	mkdir first &&
-	ln -s ../.git first/.git &&
-	mkdir second &&
-	ln -s ../first second/other &&
-	mkdir third &&
-	dir="$(cd .git; pwd -P)" &&
-	dir2=third/../second/other/.git &&
-	test "$dir" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2)" &&
-	file="$dir"/index &&
-	test "$file" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2/index)" &&
-	basename=blub &&
-	test "$dir/$basename" = "$(cd .git && test-path-utils real_path "$basename")" &&
-	ln -s ../first/file .git/syml &&
-	sym="$(cd first; pwd -P)"/file &&
-	test "$sym" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$dir2/syml")"
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'very long name in the index handled sanely' '
 
 	a=a && # 1
diff --git a/t/t0001-init.sh b/t/t0001-init.sh
index ad66410564..7de8d85ee8 100755
--- a/t/t0001-init.sh
+++ b/t/t0001-init.sh
@@ -12,8 +12,15 @@ check_config () {
 		echo "expected a directory $1, a file $1/config and $1/refs"
 		return 1
 	fi
-	bare=$(GIT_CONFIG="$1/config" git config --bool core.bare)
-	worktree=$(GIT_CONFIG="$1/config" git config core.worktree) ||
+
+	if test_have_prereq POSIXPERM && test -x "$1/config"
+	then
+		echo "$1/config is executable?"
+		return 1
+	fi
+
+	bare=$(cd "$1" && git config --bool core.bare)
+	worktree=$(cd "$1" && git config core.worktree) ||
 	worktree=unset
 
 	test "$bare" = "$2" && test "$worktree" = "$3" || {
@@ -24,18 +31,12 @@ check_config () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'plain' '
-	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
-		mkdir plain &&
-		cd plain &&
-		git init
-	) &&
+	git init plain &&
 	check_config plain/.git false unset
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'plain nested in bare' '
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
 		git init --bare bare-ancestor.git &&
 		cd bare-ancestor.git &&
 		mkdir plain-nested &&
@@ -47,7 +48,6 @@ test_expect_success 'plain nested in bare' '
 
 test_expect_success 'plain through aliased command, outside any git repo' '
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
 		HOME=$(pwd)/alias-config &&
 		export HOME &&
 		mkdir alias-config &&
@@ -63,9 +63,8 @@ test_expect_success 'plain through aliased command, outside any git repo' '
 	check_config plain-aliased/.git false unset
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'plain nested through aliased command' '
+test_expect_success 'plain nested through aliased command' '
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
 		git init plain-ancestor-aliased &&
 		cd plain-ancestor-aliased &&
 		echo "[alias] aliasedinit = init" >>.git/config &&
@@ -76,9 +75,8 @@ test_expect_failure 'plain nested through aliased command' '
 	check_config plain-ancestor-aliased/plain-nested/.git false unset
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'plain nested in bare through aliased command' '
+test_expect_success 'plain nested in bare through aliased command' '
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE &&
 		git init --bare bare-ancestor-aliased.git &&
 		cd bare-ancestor-aliased.git &&
 		echo "[alias] aliasedinit = init" >>config &&
@@ -90,66 +88,36 @@ test_expect_failure 'plain nested in bare through aliased command' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'plain with GIT_WORK_TREE' '
-	if (
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR &&
-		mkdir plain-wt &&
-		cd plain-wt &&
-		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) git init
-	)
-	then
-		echo Should have failed -- GIT_WORK_TREE should not be used
-		false
-	fi
+	mkdir plain-wt &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)/plain-wt" git init plain-wt
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'plain bare' '
-	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG &&
-		mkdir plain-bare-1 &&
-		cd plain-bare-1 &&
-		git --bare init
-	) &&
+	git --bare init plain-bare-1 &&
 	check_config plain-bare-1 true unset
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'plain bare with GIT_WORK_TREE' '
-	if (
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG &&
-		mkdir plain-bare-2 &&
-		cd plain-bare-2 &&
-		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) git --bare init
-	)
-	then
-		echo Should have failed -- GIT_WORK_TREE should not be used
-		false
-	fi
+	mkdir plain-bare-2 &&
+	test_must_fail \
+		env GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)/plain-bare-2" \
+		git --bare init plain-bare-2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR bare' '
-
-	(
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
-		mkdir git-dir-bare.git &&
-		GIT_DIR=git-dir-bare.git git init
-	) &&
+	mkdir git-dir-bare.git &&
+	GIT_DIR=git-dir-bare.git git init &&
 	check_config git-dir-bare.git true unset
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init --bare' '
-
-	(
-		sane_unset GIT_DIR GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG &&
-		mkdir init-bare.git &&
-		cd init-bare.git &&
-		git init --bare
-	) &&
+	git init --bare init-bare.git &&
 	check_config init-bare.git true unset
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR non-bare' '
 
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir non-bare &&
 		cd non-bare &&
 		GIT_DIR=.git git init
@@ -160,7 +128,6 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR non-bare' '
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE (1)' '
 
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
 		mkdir git-dir-wt-1.git &&
 		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) GIT_DIR=git-dir-wt-1.git git init
 	) &&
@@ -168,23 +135,16 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE (1)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'GIT_DIR & GIT_WORK_TREE (2)' '
-
-	if (
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
-		mkdir git-dir-wt-2.git &&
-		GIT_WORK_TREE=$(pwd) GIT_DIR=git-dir-wt-2.git git --bare init
-	)
-	then
-		echo Should have failed -- --bare should not be used
-		false
-	fi
+	mkdir git-dir-wt-2.git &&
+	test_must_fail env \
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" \
+		GIT_DIR=git-dir-wt-2.git \
+		git --bare init
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reinit' '
 
 	(
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_CONFIG &&
-
 		mkdir again &&
 		cd again &&
 		git init >out1 2>err1 &&
@@ -200,35 +160,22 @@ test_expect_success 'reinit' '
 test_expect_success 'init with --template' '
 	mkdir template-source &&
 	echo content >template-source/file &&
-	(
-		mkdir template-custom &&
-		cd template-custom &&
-		git init --template=../template-source
-	) &&
+	git init --template=../template-source template-custom &&
 	test_cmp template-source/file template-custom/.git/file
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init with --template (blank)' '
-	(
-		mkdir template-plain &&
-		cd template-plain &&
-		git init
-	) &&
-	test -f template-plain/.git/info/exclude &&
-	(
-		mkdir template-blank &&
-		cd template-blank &&
-		git init --template=
-	) &&
-	! test -f template-blank/.git/info/exclude
+	git init template-plain &&
+	test_path_is_file template-plain/.git/info/exclude &&
+	git init --template= template-blank &&
+	test_path_is_missing template-blank/.git/info/exclude
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init with init.templatedir set' '
 	mkdir templatedir-source &&
 	echo Content >templatedir-source/file &&
+	test_config_global init.templatedir "${HOME}/templatedir-source" &&
 	(
-		test_config="${HOME}/.gitconfig" &&
-		git config -f "$test_config"  init.templatedir "${HOME}/templatedir-source" &&
 		mkdir templatedir-set &&
 		cd templatedir-set &&
 		sane_unset GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR &&
@@ -240,78 +187,55 @@ test_expect_success 'init with init.templatedir set' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init --bare/--shared overrides system/global config' '
-	(
-		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
-		git config -f "$test_config" core.bare false &&
-		git config -f "$test_config" core.sharedRepository 0640 &&
-		mkdir init-bare-shared-override &&
-		cd init-bare-shared-override &&
-		git init --bare --shared=0666
-	) &&
+	test_config_global core.bare false &&
+	test_config_global core.sharedRepository 0640 &&
+	git init --bare --shared=0666 init-bare-shared-override &&
 	check_config init-bare-shared-override true unset &&
 	test x0666 = \
-	x`git config -f init-bare-shared-override/config core.sharedRepository`
+	x$(git config -f init-bare-shared-override/config core.sharedRepository)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init honors global core.sharedRepository' '
-	(
-		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
-		git config -f "$test_config" core.sharedRepository 0666 &&
-		mkdir shared-honor-global &&
-		cd shared-honor-global &&
-		git init
-	) &&
+	test_config_global core.sharedRepository 0666 &&
+	git init shared-honor-global &&
 	test x0666 = \
-	x`git config -f shared-honor-global/.git/config core.sharedRepository`
+	x$(git config -f shared-honor-global/.git/config core.sharedRepository)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init rejects insanely long --template' '
-	(
-		insane=$(printf "x%09999dx" 1) &&
-		mkdir test &&
-		cd test &&
-		test_must_fail git init --template=$insane
-	)
+	test_must_fail git init --template=$(printf "x%09999dx" 1) test
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init creates a new directory' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		git init newdir &&
-		test -d newdir/.git/refs
-	)
+	git init newdir &&
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/.git/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init creates a new bare directory' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		git init --bare newdir &&
-		test -d newdir/refs
-	)
+	git init --bare newdir &&
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init recreates a directory' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		mkdir newdir &&
-		git init newdir &&
-		test -d newdir/.git/refs
-	)
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	git init newdir &&
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/.git/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init recreates a new bare directory' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		mkdir newdir &&
-		git init --bare newdir &&
-		test -d newdir/refs
-	)
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	git init --bare newdir &&
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init creates a new deep directory' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
 	git init newdir/a/b/c &&
-	test -d newdir/a/b/c/.git/refs
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/a/b/c/.git/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'init creates a new deep directory (umask vs. shared)' '
@@ -321,7 +245,7 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'init creates a new deep directory (umask vs. shar
 		# the repository itself should follow "shared"
 		umask 002 &&
 		git init --bare --shared=0660 newdir/a/b/c &&
-		test -d newdir/a/b/c/refs &&
+		test_path_is_dir newdir/a/b/c/refs &&
 		ls -ld newdir/a newdir/a/b > lsab.out &&
 		! grep -v "^drwxrw[sx]r-x" lsab.out &&
 		ls -ld newdir/a/b/c > lsc.out &&
@@ -331,52 +255,50 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'init creates a new deep directory (umask vs. shar
 
 test_expect_success 'init notices EEXIST (1)' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		>newdir &&
-		test_must_fail git init newdir &&
-		test -f newdir
-	)
+	>newdir &&
+	test_must_fail git init newdir &&
+	test_path_is_file newdir
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init notices EEXIST (2)' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		mkdir newdir &&
-		>newdir/a
-		test_must_fail git init newdir/a/b &&
-		test -f newdir/a
-	)
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	>newdir/a &&
+	test_must_fail git init newdir/a/b &&
+	test_path_is_file newdir/a
 '
 
 test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'init notices EPERM' '
 	rm -fr newdir &&
-	(
-		mkdir newdir &&
-		chmod -w newdir &&
-		test_must_fail git init newdir/a/b
-	)
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	chmod -w newdir &&
+	test_must_fail git init newdir/a/b
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init creates a new bare directory with global --bare' '
 	rm -rf newdir &&
 	git --bare init newdir &&
-	test -d newdir/refs
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init prefers command line to GIT_DIR' '
 	rm -rf newdir &&
 	mkdir otherdir &&
 	GIT_DIR=otherdir git --bare init newdir &&
-	test -d newdir/refs &&
-	! test -d otherdir/refs
+	test_path_is_dir newdir/refs &&
+	test_path_is_missing otherdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'init with separate gitdir' '
 	rm -rf newdir &&
 	git init --separate-git-dir realgitdir newdir &&
-	echo "gitdir: `pwd`/realgitdir" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
-	test -d realgitdir/refs
+	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 're-init on .git file' '
+	( cd newdir && git init )
 '
 
 test_expect_success 're-init to update git link' '
@@ -384,10 +306,10 @@ test_expect_success 're-init to update git link' '
 	cd newdir &&
 	git init --separate-git-dir ../surrealgitdir
 	) &&
-	echo "gitdir: `pwd`/surrealgitdir" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/surrealgitdir" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
-	test -d surrealgitdir/refs &&
-	! test -d realgitdir/refs
+	test_path_is_dir surrealgitdir/refs &&
+	test_path_is_missing realgitdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success 're-init to move gitdir' '
@@ -397,9 +319,9 @@ test_expect_success 're-init to move gitdir' '
 	cd newdir &&
 	git init --separate-git-dir ../realgitdir
 	) &&
-	echo "gitdir: `pwd`/realgitdir" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
-	test -d realgitdir/refs
+	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 're-init to move gitdir symlink' '
@@ -411,10 +333,10 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 're-init to move gitdir symlink' '
 	ln -s here .git &&
 	git init --separate-git-dir ../realgitdir
 	) &&
-	echo "gitdir: `pwd`/realgitdir" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd)/realgitdir" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected newdir/.git &&
-	test -d realgitdir/refs &&
-	! test -d newdir/here
+	test_cmp expected newdir/here &&
+	test_path_is_dir realgitdir/refs
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0002-gitfile.sh b/t/t0002-gitfile.sh
index cb144258cc..37e9396e5d 100755
--- a/t/t0002-gitfile.sh
+++ b/t/t0002-gitfile.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Verify that plumbing commands work when .git is a file
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 objpath() {
-    echo "$1" | sed -e 's|\(..\)|\1/|'
+	echo "$1" | sed -e 's|\(..\)|\1/|'
 }
 
 objck() {
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ objck() {
 	fi
 }
 
-
 test_expect_success 'initial setup' '
 	REAL="$(pwd)/.real" &&
 	mv .git "$REAL"
diff --git a/t/t0003-attributes.sh b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
index 51f3045ba4..f0fbb42554 100755
--- a/t/t0003-attributes.sh
+++ b/t/t0003-attributes.sh
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ attr_check () {
 	test_line_count = 0 err
 }
 
-
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	mkdir -p a/b/d a/c b &&
 	(
@@ -123,16 +122,6 @@ test_expect_success 'attribute matching is case insensitive when core.ignorecase
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'check whether FS is case-insensitive' '
-	mkdir junk &&
-	echo good >junk/CamelCase &&
-	echo bad >junk/camelcase &&
-	if test "$(cat junk/CamelCase)" != good
-	then
-		test_set_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
-	fi
-'
-
 test_expect_success CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS 'additional case insensitivity tests' '
 	test_must_fail attr_check a/B/D/g "a/b/d/*" "-c core.ignorecase=0" &&
 	test_must_fail attr_check A/B/D/NO "a/b/d/*" "-c core.ignorecase=0" &&
@@ -206,40 +195,106 @@ test_expect_success 'root subdir attribute test' '
 	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'negative patterns' '
+	echo "!f test=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	git check-attr test -- '"'"'!f'"'"' 2>errors &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Negative patterns are ignored" errors
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patterns starting with exclamation' '
+	echo "\!f test=foo" >.gitattributes &&
+	attr_check "!f" foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"**" test' '
+	echo "**/f foo=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+f: foo: bar
+a/f: foo: bar
+a/b/f: foo: bar
+a/b/c/f: foo: bar
+EOF
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/c/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 err
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"**" with no slashes test' '
+	echo "a**f foo=bar" >.gitattributes &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+f: foo: unspecified
+af: foo: bar
+axf: foo: bar
+a/f: foo: unspecified
+a/b/f: foo: unspecified
+a/b/c/f: foo: unspecified
+EOF
+	git check-attr foo -- "f" >actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "af" >>actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "axf" >>actual 2>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	git check-attr foo -- "a/b/c/f" >>actual 2>>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using --git-dir and --work-tree' '
+	mkdir unreal real &&
+	git init real &&
+	echo "file test=in-real" >real/.gitattributes &&
+	(
+		cd unreal &&
+		attr_check file in-real "--git-dir ../real/.git --work-tree ../real"
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup bare' '
-	git clone --bare . bare.git &&
-	cd bare.git
+	git clone --bare . bare.git
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bare repository: check that .gitattribute is ignored' '
 	(
-		echo "f	test=f"
-		echo "a/i test=a/i"
-	) >.gitattributes &&
-	attr_check f unspecified &&
-	attr_check a/f unspecified &&
-	attr_check a/c/f unspecified &&
-	attr_check a/i unspecified &&
-	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+		cd bare.git &&
+		(
+			echo "f	test=f"
+			echo "a/i test=a/i"
+		) >.gitattributes &&
+		attr_check f unspecified &&
+		attr_check a/f unspecified &&
+		attr_check a/c/f unspecified &&
+		attr_check a/i unspecified &&
+		attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bare repository: check that --cached honors index' '
-	GIT_INDEX_FILE=../.git/index \
-	git check-attr --cached --stdin --all <../stdin-all |
-	sort >actual &&
-	test_cmp ../specified-all actual
+	(
+		cd bare.git &&
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE=../.git/index \
+		git check-attr --cached --stdin --all <../stdin-all |
+		sort >actual &&
+		test_cmp ../specified-all actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bare repository: test info/attributes' '
 	(
-		echo "f	test=f"
-		echo "a/i test=a/i"
-	) >info/attributes &&
-	attr_check f f &&
-	attr_check a/f f &&
-	attr_check a/c/f f &&
-	attr_check a/i a/i &&
-	attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+		cd bare.git &&
+		(
+			echo "f	test=f"
+			echo "a/i test=a/i"
+		) >info/attributes &&
+		attr_check f f &&
+		attr_check a/f f &&
+		attr_check a/c/f f &&
+		attr_check a/i a/i &&
+		attr_check subdir/a/i unspecified
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0005-signals.sh b/t/t0005-signals.sh
index 93e58c00e8..e7f27ebbc1 100755
--- a/t/t0005-signals.sh
+++ b/t/t0005-signals.sh
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ one
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'sigchain works' '
-	test-sigchain >actual
-	case "$?" in
+	{ test-sigchain >actual; ret=$?; } &&
+	case "$ret" in
 	143) true ;; # POSIX w/ SIGTERM=15
 	271) true ;; # ksh w/ SIGTERM=15
 	  3) true ;; # Windows
@@ -20,4 +20,33 @@ test_expect_success 'sigchain works' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'signals are propagated using shell convention' '
+	# we use exec here to avoid any sub-shell interpretation
+	# of the exit code
+	git config alias.sigterm "!exec test-sigchain" &&
+	test_expect_code 143 git sigterm
+'
+
+large_git () {
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 100)
+	do
+		git diff --cached --binary || return
+	done
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'create blob' '
+	test-genrandom foo 16384 >file &&
+	git add file
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'a constipated git dies with SIGPIPE' '
+	OUT=$( ((large_git; echo $? 1>&3) | :) 3>&1 ) &&
+	test "$OUT" -eq 141
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'a constipated git dies with SIGPIPE even if parent ignores it' '
+	OUT=$( ((trap "" PIPE; large_git; echo $? 1>&3) | :) 3>&1 ) &&
+	test "$OUT" -eq 141
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0006-date.sh b/t/t0006-date.sh
index 1d29810a7a..fac0986134 100755
--- a/t/t0006-date.sh
+++ b/t/t0006-date.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ check_show() {
 	echo "$t -> $2" >expect
 	test_expect_${3:-success} "relative date ($2)" "
 	test-date show $t >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 	"
 }
 
@@ -82,4 +82,7 @@ check_approxidate 'Jun 6, 5AM' '2009-06-06 05:00:00'
 check_approxidate '5AM Jun 6' '2009-06-06 05:00:00'
 check_approxidate '6AM, June 7, 2009' '2009-06-07 06:00:00'
 
+check_approxidate '2008-12-01' '2008-12-01 19:20:00'
+check_approxidate '2009-12-01' '2009-12-01 19:20:00'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0007-git-var.sh b/t/t0007-git-var.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..5868a87352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0007-git-var.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic sanity checks for git var'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'get GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo "$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE" >expect &&
+	git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success !AUTOIDENT 'requested identites are strict' '
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+		test_must_fail git var GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT
+	)
+'
+
+# For git var -l, we check only a representative variable;
+# testing the whole output would make our test too brittle with
+# respect to unrelated changes in the test suite's environment.
+test_expect_success 'git var -l lists variables' '
+	git var -l >actual &&
+	echo "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> $GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >expect &&
+	sed -n s/GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT=//p <actual >actual.author &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.author
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git var -l lists config' '
+	git var -l >actual &&
+	echo false >expect &&
+	sed -n s/core\\.bare=//p <actual >actual.bare &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.bare
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing and asking for variables are exclusive' '
+	test_must_fail git var -l GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0008-ignores.sh b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8dc6939b90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0008-ignores.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,834 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description=check-ignore
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+init_vars () {
+	global_excludes="$(pwd)/global-excludes"
+}
+
+enable_global_excludes () {
+	init_vars &&
+	git config core.excludesfile "$global_excludes"
+}
+
+expect_in () {
+	dest="$HOME/expected-$1" text="$2"
+	if test -z "$text"
+	then
+		>"$dest" # avoid newline
+	else
+		echo "$text" >"$dest"
+	fi
+}
+
+expect () {
+	expect_in stdout "$1"
+}
+
+expect_from_stdin () {
+	cat >"$HOME/expected-stdout"
+}
+
+test_stderr () {
+	expected="$1"
+	expect_in stderr "$1" &&
+	test_cmp "$HOME/expected-stderr" "$HOME/stderr"
+}
+
+broken_c_unquote () {
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe 's/^"//; s/\\//; s/"$//; tr/\n/\0/' "$@"
+}
+
+broken_c_unquote_verbose () {
+	"$PERL_PATH" -pe 's/	"/	/; s/\\//; s/"$//; tr/:\t\n/\0/' "$@"
+}
+
+stderr_contains () {
+	regexp="$1"
+	if grep "$regexp" "$HOME/stderr"
+	then
+		return 0
+	else
+		echo "didn't find /$regexp/ in $HOME/stderr"
+		cat "$HOME/stderr"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+stderr_empty_on_success () {
+	expect_code="$1"
+	if test $expect_code = 0
+	then
+		test_stderr ""
+	else
+		# If we expect failure then stderr might or might not be empty
+		# due to --quiet - the caller can check its contents
+		return 0
+	fi
+}
+
+test_check_ignore () {
+	args="$1" expect_code="${2:-0}" global_args="$3"
+
+	init_vars &&
+	rm -f "$HOME/stdout" "$HOME/stderr" "$HOME/cmd" &&
+	echo git $global_args check-ignore $quiet_opt $verbose_opt $non_matching_opt $no_index_opt $args \
+		>"$HOME/cmd" &&
+	echo "$expect_code" >"$HOME/expected-exit-code" &&
+	test_expect_code "$expect_code" \
+		git $global_args check-ignore $quiet_opt $verbose_opt $non_matching_opt $no_index_opt $args \
+		>"$HOME/stdout" 2>"$HOME/stderr" &&
+	test_cmp "$HOME/expected-stdout" "$HOME/stdout" &&
+	stderr_empty_on_success "$expect_code"
+}
+
+# Runs the same code with 4 different levels of output verbosity:
+#
+#   1. with -q / --quiet
+#   2. with default verbosity
+#   3. with -v / --verbose
+#   4. with -v / --verbose, *and* -n / --non-matching
+#
+# expecting success each time.  Takes advantage of the fact that
+# check-ignore --verbose output is the same as normal output except
+# for the extra first column.
+#
+# A parameter is used to determine if the tests are run with the
+# normal case (using the index), or with the --no-index option.
+#
+# Arguments:
+#   - (optional) prereqs for this test, e.g. 'SYMLINKS'
+#   - test name
+#   - output to expect from the fourth verbosity mode (the output
+#     from the other verbosity modes is automatically inferred
+#     from this value)
+#   - code to run (should invoke test_check_ignore)
+#   - index option: --index or --no-index
+test_expect_success_multiple () {
+	prereq=
+	if test $# -eq 5
+	then
+		prereq=$1
+		shift
+	fi
+	if test "$4" = "--index"
+	then
+		no_index_opt=
+	else
+		no_index_opt=$4
+	fi
+	testname="$1" expect_all="$2" code="$3"
+
+	expect_verbose=$( echo "$expect_all" | grep -v '^::	' )
+	expect=$( echo "$expect_verbose" | sed -e 's/.*	//' )
+
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${no_index_opt:+ with $no_index_opt}" '
+		expect "$expect" &&
+		eval "$code"
+	'
+
+	# --quiet is only valid when a single pattern is passed
+	if test $( echo "$expect_all" | wc -l ) = 1
+	then
+		for quiet_opt in '-q' '--quiet'
+		do
+			opts="${no_index_opt:+$no_index_opt }$quiet_opt"
+			test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${opts:+ with $opts}" "
+			expect '' &&
+			$code
+		"
+		done
+		quiet_opt=
+	fi
+
+	for verbose_opt in '-v' '--verbose'
+	do
+		for non_matching_opt in '' '-n' '--non-matching'
+		do
+			if test -n "$non_matching_opt"
+			then
+				my_expect="$expect_all"
+			else
+				my_expect="$expect_verbose"
+			fi
+
+			test_code="
+				expect '$my_expect' &&
+				$code
+			"
+			opts="${no_index_opt:+$no_index_opt }$verbose_opt${non_matching_opt:+ $non_matching_opt}"
+			test_expect_success $prereq "$testname${opts:+ with $opts}" "$test_code"
+		done
+	done
+	verbose_opt=
+	non_matching_opt=
+	no_index_opt=
+}
+
+test_expect_success_multi () {
+	test_expect_success_multiple "$@" "--index"
+}
+
+test_expect_success_no_index_multi () {
+	test_expect_success_multiple "$@" "--no-index"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	init_vars &&
+	mkdir -p a/b/ignored-dir a/submodule b &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s b a/symlink
+	fi &&
+	(
+		cd a/submodule &&
+		git init &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		git add a &&
+		git commit -m"commit in submodule"
+	) &&
+	git add a/submodule &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >.gitignore &&
+		one
+		ignored-*
+		top-level-dir/
+	EOF
+	for dir in . a
+	do
+		: >$dir/not-ignored &&
+		: >$dir/ignored-and-untracked &&
+		: >$dir/ignored-but-in-index
+	done &&
+	git add -f ignored-but-in-index a/ignored-but-in-index &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >a/.gitignore &&
+		two*
+		*three
+	EOF
+	cat <<-\EOF >a/b/.gitignore &&
+		four
+		five
+		# this comment should affect the line numbers
+		six
+		ignored-dir/
+		# and so should this blank line:
+
+		!on*
+		!two
+	EOF
+	echo "seven" >a/b/ignored-dir/.gitignore &&
+	test -n "$HOME" &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >"$global_excludes" &&
+		globalone
+		!globaltwo
+		globalthree
+	EOF
+	cat <<-\EOF >>.git/info/exclude
+		per-repo
+	EOF
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test invalid inputs
+
+test_expect_success_multi '. corner-case' '::	.' '
+	test_check_ignore . 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'empty command line' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: no path specified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin with empty STDIN' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin" 1 </dev/null &&
+	test_stderr ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-q with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "-q one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--quiet one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+for verbose_opt in '-v' '--verbose'
+do
+	for quiet_opt in '-q' '--quiet'
+	do
+		test_expect_success "$quiet_opt $verbose_opt" "
+			expect '' &&
+			test_check_ignore '$quiet_opt $verbose_opt foo' 128 &&
+			stderr_contains 'fatal: cannot have both --quiet and --verbose'
+		"
+	done
+done
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet with multiple args' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--quiet one two" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: --quiet is only valid with a single pathname"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'erroneous use of --' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: no path specified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin with superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '--stdin -z with superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin -z foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: cannot specify pathnames with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '-z without --stdin' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "-z" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: -z only makes sense with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi '-z without --stdin and superfluous arg' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "-z foo" 128 &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: -z only makes sense with --stdin"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'needs work tree' '' '
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		test_check_ignore "foo" 128
+	) &&
+	stderr_contains "fatal: This operation must be run in a work tree"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test standard ignores
+
+# First make sure that the presence of a file in the working tree
+# does not impact results, but that the presence of a file in the
+# index does unless the --no-index option is used.
+
+for subdir in '' 'a/'
+do
+	if test -z "$subdir"
+	then
+		where="at top-level"
+	else
+		where="in subdir $subdir"
+	fi
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "non-existent file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}non-existent" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}non-existent' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "non-existent file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}non-existent" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}non-existent' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "non-existent file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}one'"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "non-existent file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}one'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing untracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}not-ignored" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}not-ignored' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing untracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}not-ignored" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}not-ignored' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing tracked file $where not ignored" \
+		"::	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-but-in-index' 1"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing tracked file $where shown as ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-but-in-index'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "existing untracked file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "existing untracked file $where ignored" \
+		".gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'"
+
+	test_expect_success_multi "mix of file types $where" \
+"::	${subdir}non-existent
+.gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one
+::	${subdir}not-ignored
+::	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '
+			${subdir}non-existent
+			${subdir}one
+			${subdir}not-ignored
+			${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+			${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'
+		"
+
+	test_expect_success_no_index_multi "mix of file types $where" \
+"::	${subdir}non-existent
+.gitignore:1:one	${subdir}one
+::	${subdir}not-ignored
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+.gitignore:2:ignored-*	${subdir}ignored-and-untracked" \
+		"test_check_ignore '
+			${subdir}non-existent
+			${subdir}one
+			${subdir}not-ignored
+			${subdir}ignored-but-in-index
+			${subdir}ignored-and-untracked'
+		"
+done
+
+# Having established the above, from now on we mostly test against
+# files which do not exist in the working tree or index.
+
+test_expect_success 'sub-directory local ignore' '
+	expect "a/3-three" &&
+	test_check_ignore "a/3-three a/three-not-this-one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sub-directory local ignore with --verbose'  '
+	expect "a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/3-three" &&
+	test_check_ignore "--verbose a/3-three a/three-not-this-one"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local ignore inside a sub-directory' '
+	expect "3-three" &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "3-three three-not-this-one"
+	)
+'
+test_expect_success 'local ignore inside a sub-directory with --verbose' '
+	expect "a/.gitignore:2:*three	3-three" &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--verbose 3-three three-not-this-one"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'nested include' \
+	'a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/one"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test ignored sub-directories
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'ignored sub-directory' \
+	'a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/ignored-dir"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files inside ignored sub-directory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/ignored-dir/foo
+		a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo
+		a/b/ignored-dir/seven
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "a/b/ignored-dir/foo a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo a/b/ignored-dir/seven"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'multiple files inside ignored sub-directory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/foo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	a/b/ignored-dir/seven
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v a/b/ignored-dir/foo a/b/ignored-dir/twoooo a/b/ignored-dir/seven"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cd to ignored sub-directory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		foo
+		twoooo
+		../one
+		seven
+		../../one
+	EOF
+	(
+		cd a/b/ignored-dir &&
+		test_check_ignore "foo twoooo ../one seven ../../one"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cd to ignored sub-directory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	foo
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	twoooo
+		a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	../one
+		a/b/.gitignore:5:ignored-dir/	seven
+		.gitignore:1:one	../../one
+	EOF
+	(
+		cd a/b/ignored-dir &&
+		test_check_ignore "-v foo twoooo ../one seven ../../one"
+	)
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of symlinks
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'symlink' '::	a/symlink' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/symlink" 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'beyond a symlink' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/symlink/foo" 128 &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: pathspec '\''a/symlink/foo'\'' is beyond a symbolic link"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi SYMLINKS 'beyond a symlink from subdirectory' '' '
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "symlink/foo" 128
+	) &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: pathspec '\''symlink/foo'\'' is beyond a symbolic link"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of submodules
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'submodule' '' '
+	test_check_ignore "a/submodule/one" 128 &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: Pathspec '\''a/submodule/one'\'' is in submodule '\''a/submodule'\''"
+'
+
+test_expect_success_multi 'submodule from subdirectory' '' '
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "submodule/one" 128
+	) &&
+	test_stderr "fatal: Pathspec '\''submodule/one'\'' is in submodule '\''a/submodule'\''"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test handling of global ignore files
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore not yet enabled' '
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	per-repo
+		a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/globalthree
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	a/per-repo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v globalone per-repo a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored a/globaltwo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore' '
+	enable_global_excludes &&
+	expect_from_stdin <<-\EOF &&
+		globalone
+		per-repo
+		globalthree
+		a/globalthree
+		a/per-repo
+		globaltwo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "globalone per-repo globalthree a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored globaltwo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'global ignore with -v' '
+	enable_global_excludes &&
+	expect_from_stdin <<-EOF &&
+		$global_excludes:1:globalone	globalone
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	per-repo
+		$global_excludes:3:globalthree	globalthree
+		a/.gitignore:2:*three	a/globalthree
+		.git/info/exclude:7:per-repo	a/per-repo
+		$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	EOF
+	test_check_ignore "-v globalone per-repo globalthree a/globalthree a/per-repo not-ignored globaltwo"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test --stdin
+
+cat <<-\EOF >stdin
+	one
+	not-ignored
+	a/one
+	a/not-ignored
+	a/b/on
+	a/b/one
+	a/b/one one
+	"a/b/one two"
+	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/not-ignored
+	a/b/two
+	a/b/twooo
+	globaltwo
+	a/globaltwo
+	a/b/globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-\EOF >expected-default
+	one
+	a/one
+	a/b/on
+	a/b/one
+	a/b/one one
+	a/b/one two
+	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/two
+	a/b/twooo
+	globaltwo
+	a/globaltwo
+	a/b/globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+cat <<-EOF >expected-verbose
+	.gitignore:1:one	one
+	.gitignore:1:one	a/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/on
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	a/b/one two
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	"a/b/one\"three"
+	a/b/.gitignore:9:!two	a/b/two
+	a/.gitignore:1:two*	a/b/twooo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	a/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	a/b/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	b/globaltwo
+EOF
+
+broken_c_unquote stdin >stdin0
+
+broken_c_unquote expected-default >expected-default0
+
+broken_c_unquote_verbose expected-verbose >expected-verbose0
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-default &&
+	test_check_ignore "--stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin -q' '
+	expect "" &&
+	test_check_ignore "-q --stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose &&
+	test_check_ignore "-v --stdin" <stdin
+'
+
+for opts in '--stdin -z' '-z --stdin'
+do
+	test_expect_success "$opts" "
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-default0 &&
+		test_check_ignore '$opts' <stdin0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts -q" "
+		expect "" &&
+		test_check_ignore '-q $opts' <stdin0
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts -v" "
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose0 &&
+		test_check_ignore '-v $opts' <stdin0
+	"
+done
+
+cat <<-\EOF >stdin
+	../one
+	../not-ignored
+	one
+	not-ignored
+	b/on
+	b/one
+	b/one one
+	"b/one two"
+	"b/one\"three"
+	b/two
+	b/not-ignored
+	b/twooo
+	../globaltwo
+	globaltwo
+	b/globaltwo
+	../b/globaltwo
+	c/not-ignored
+EOF
+# N.B. we deliberately end STDIN with a non-matching pattern in order
+# to test that the exit code indicates that one or more of the
+# provided paths is ignored - in other words, that it represents an
+# aggregation of all the results, not just the final result.
+
+cat <<-EOF >expected-all
+	.gitignore:1:one	../one
+	::	../not-ignored
+	.gitignore:1:one	one
+	::	not-ignored
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/on
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one one
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	b/one two
+	a/b/.gitignore:8:!on*	"b/one\"three"
+	a/b/.gitignore:9:!two	b/two
+	::	b/not-ignored
+	a/.gitignore:1:two*	b/twooo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	../globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	b/globaltwo
+	$global_excludes:2:!globaltwo	../b/globaltwo
+	::	c/not-ignored
+EOF
+grep -v '^::	' expected-all >expected-verbose
+sed -e 's/.*	//' expected-verbose >expected-default
+
+broken_c_unquote stdin >stdin0
+
+broken_c_unquote expected-default >expected-default0
+
+broken_c_unquote_verbose expected-verbose >expected-verbose0
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-default &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory with -v' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin -v" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin from subdirectory with -v -n' '
+	expect_from_stdin <expected-all &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_check_ignore "--stdin -v -n" <../stdin
+	)
+'
+
+for opts in '--stdin -z' '-z --stdin'
+do
+	test_expect_success "$opts from subdirectory" '
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-default0 &&
+		(
+			cd a &&
+			test_check_ignore "'"$opts"'" <../stdin0
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$opts from subdirectory with -v" '
+		expect_from_stdin <expected-verbose0 &&
+		(
+			cd a &&
+			test_check_ignore "'"$opts"' -v" <../stdin0
+		)
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success PIPE 'streaming support for --stdin' '
+	mkfifo in out &&
+	(git check-ignore -n -v --stdin <in >out &) &&
+
+	# We cannot just "echo >in" because check-ignore would get EOF
+	# after echo exited; instead we open the descriptor in our
+	# shell, and then echo to the fd. We make sure to close it at
+	# the end, so that the subprocess does get EOF and dies
+	# properly.
+	#
+	# Similarly, we must keep "out" open so that check-ignore does
+	# not ever get SIGPIPE trying to write to us. Not only would that
+	# produce incorrect results, but then there would be no writer on the
+	# other end of the pipe, and we would potentially block forever trying
+	# to open it.
+	exec 9>in &&
+	exec 8<out &&
+	test_when_finished "exec 9>&-" &&
+	test_when_finished "exec 8<&-" &&
+	echo >&9 one &&
+	read response <&8 &&
+	echo "$response" | grep "^\.gitignore:1:one	one" &&
+	echo >&9 two &&
+	read response <&8 &&
+	echo "$response" | grep "^::	two"
+'
+
+############################################################################
+#
+# test whitespace handling
+
+test_expect_success 'trailing whitespace is ignored' '
+	mkdir whitespace &&
+	>whitespace/trailing &&
+	>whitespace/untracked &&
+	echo "whitespace/trailing   " >ignore &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+whitespace/untracked
+EOF
+	: >err.expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -X ignore whitespace >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_cmp err.expect err
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'quoting allows trailing whitespace' '
+	rm -rf whitespace &&
+	mkdir whitespace &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing  " &&
+	>whitespace/untracked &&
+	echo "whitespace/trailing\\ \\ " >ignore &&
+	echo whitespace/untracked >expect &&
+	: >err.expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -X ignore whitespace >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_cmp err.expect err
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW,!CYGWIN 'correct handling of backslashes' '
+	rm -rf whitespace &&
+	mkdir whitespace &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 1  " &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 2 \\\\" &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 3 \\\\" &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 4   \\ " &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 5 \\ \\ " &&
+	>"whitespace/trailing 6 \\a\\" &&
+	>whitespace/untracked &&
+	sed -e "s/Z$//" >ignore <<-\EOF &&
+	whitespace/trailing 1 \    Z
+	whitespace/trailing 2 \\\\Z
+	whitespace/trailing 3 \\\\ Z
+	whitespace/trailing 4   \\\    Z
+	whitespace/trailing 5 \\ \\\   Z
+	whitespace/trailing 6 \\a\\Z
+	EOF
+	echo whitespace/untracked >expect &&
+	>err.expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -X ignore whitespace >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_cmp err.expect err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh b/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..94045c3fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0009-prio-queue.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic tests for priority queue implementation'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'basic ordering' '
+	test-prio-queue 2 6 3 10 9 5 7 4 5 8 1 dump >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+2
+3
+4
+1
+5
+6
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'mixed put and get' '
+	test-prio-queue 6 2 4 get 5 3 get get 1 dump >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+1
+2
+NULL
+1
+2
+NULL
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'notice empty queue' '
+	test-prio-queue 1 2 get get get 1 2 get get get >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0010-racy-git.sh b/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
index e45a9e40e4..5657c5a87b 100755
--- a/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
+++ b/t/t0010-racy-git.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ do
 	git update-index --add infocom
 	echo xyzzy >infocom
 
-	files=`git diff-files -p`
+	files=$(git diff-files -p)
 	test_expect_success \
 	"Racy GIT trial #$trial part A" \
 	'test "" != "$files"'
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ do
 	echo xyzzy >cornerstone
 	git update-index --add cornerstone
 
-	files=`git diff-files -p`
+	files=$(git diff-files -p)
 	test_expect_success \
 	"Racy GIT trial #$trial part B" \
 	'test "" != "$files"'
diff --git a/t/t0011-hashmap.sh b/t/t0011-hashmap.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9c217d948c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0011-hashmap.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test hashmap and string hash functions'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_hashmap() {
+	echo "$1" | test-hashmap $3 > actual &&
+	echo "$2" > expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'hash functions' '
+
+test_hashmap "hash key1" "2215982743 2215982743 116372151 116372151" &&
+test_hashmap "hash key2" "2215982740 2215982740 116372148 116372148" &&
+test_hashmap "hash fooBarFrotz" "1383912807 1383912807 3189766727 3189766727" &&
+test_hashmap "hash foobarfrotz" "2862305959 2862305959 3189766727 3189766727"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'put' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+put foobarfrotz value4
+size" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+64 4"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'put (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+size" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+64 3" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key1 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+put fooBarFrotz value4
+size" "NULL
+value1
+NULL
+value3
+64 2"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put Key1 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+put foobarfrotz value4
+size" "NULL
+value1
+NULL
+value3
+64 2" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+put foobarfrotz value4
+get key1
+get key2
+get fooBarFrotz
+get notInMap" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+value1
+value2
+value3
+NULL"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+get Key1
+get keY2
+get foobarfrotz
+get notInMap" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+value1
+value2
+value3
+NULL" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add' '
+
+test_hashmap "add key1 value1
+add key1 value2
+add fooBarFrotz value3
+add fooBarFrotz value4
+get key1
+get fooBarFrotz
+get notInMap" "value2
+value1
+value4
+value3
+NULL"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "add key1 value1
+add Key1 value2
+add fooBarFrotz value3
+add foobarfrotz value4
+get key1
+get Foobarfrotz
+get notInMap" "value2
+value1
+value4
+value3
+NULL" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+remove key1
+remove key2
+remove notInMap
+size" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+value1
+value2
+NULL
+64 1"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+remove Key1
+remove keY2
+remove notInMap
+size" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+value1
+value2
+NULL
+64 1" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'iterate' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+iterate" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+key2 value2
+key1 value1
+fooBarFrotz value3"
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'iterate (case insensitive)' '
+
+test_hashmap "put key1 value1
+put key2 value2
+put fooBarFrotz value3
+iterate" "NULL
+NULL
+NULL
+fooBarFrotz value3
+key2 value2
+key1 value1" ignorecase
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grow / shrink' '
+
+	rm -f in &&
+	rm -f expect &&
+	for n in $(test_seq 51)
+	do
+		echo put key$n value$n >> in &&
+		echo NULL >> expect
+	done &&
+	echo size >> in &&
+	echo 64 51 >> expect &&
+	echo put key52 value52 >> in &&
+	echo NULL >> expect &&
+	echo size >> in &&
+	echo 256 52 >> expect &&
+	for n in $(test_seq 12)
+	do
+		echo remove key$n >> in &&
+		echo value$n >> expect
+	done &&
+	echo size >> in &&
+	echo 256 40 >> expect &&
+	echo remove key40 >> in &&
+	echo value40 >> expect &&
+	echo size >> in &&
+	echo 64 39 >> expect &&
+	cat in | test-hashmap > out &&
+	test_cmp expect out
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'string interning' '
+
+test_hashmap "intern value1
+intern Value1
+intern value2
+intern value2
+" "value1
+Value1
+value2
+value2"
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0020-crlf.sh b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
index 1a8f44c44c..f94120a894 100755
--- a/t/t0020-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t0020-crlf.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@ has_cr() {
 	tr '\015' Q <"$1" | grep Q >/dev/null
 }
 
+# add or remove CRs to disk file in-place
+# usage: munge_cr <append|remove> <file>
+munge_cr () {
+	"${1}_cr" <"$2" >tmp &&
+	mv tmp "$2"
+}
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
@@ -20,17 +27,15 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
-	one=`git rev-parse HEAD:one` &&
-	dir=`git rev-parse HEAD:dir` &&
-	two=`git rev-parse HEAD:dir/two` &&
-	three=`git rev-parse HEAD:three` &&
+	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD:one) &&
+	dir=$(git rev-parse HEAD:dir) &&
+	two=$(git rev-parse HEAD:dir/two) &&
+	three=$(git rev-parse HEAD:three) &&
 
 	for w in Some extra lines here; do echo $w; done >>one &&
 	git diff >patch.file &&
-	patched=`git hash-object --stdin <one` &&
-	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
-
-	echo happy.
+	patched=$(git hash-object --stdin <one) &&
+	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'safecrlf: autocrlf=input, all CRLF' '
@@ -81,6 +86,14 @@ test_expect_success 'safecrlf: print warning only once' '
 	test $(git add doublewarn 2>&1 | grep "CRLF will be replaced by LF" | wc -l) = 1
 '
 
+
+test_expect_success 'safecrlf: git diff demotes safecrlf=true to warn' '
+	git config core.autocrlf input &&
+	git config core.safecrlf true &&
+	git diff HEAD
+'
+
+
 test_expect_success 'switch off autocrlf, safecrlf, reset HEAD' '
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
 	git config core.safecrlf false &&
@@ -92,22 +105,11 @@ test_expect_success 'update with autocrlf=input' '
 	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 	git config core.autocrlf input &&
-
-	for f in one dir/two
-	do
-		append_cr <$f >tmp && mv -f tmp $f &&
-		git update-index -- $f || {
-			echo Oops
-			false
-			break
-		}
-	done &&
-
-	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
-	test -z "$differs" || {
-		echo Oops "$differs"
-		false
-	}
+	munge_cr append one &&
+	munge_cr append dir/two &&
+	git update-index -- one dir/two &&
+	differs=$(git diff-index --cached HEAD) &&
+	verbose test -z "$differs"
 
 '
 
@@ -116,22 +118,11 @@ test_expect_success 'update with autocrlf=true' '
 	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
-
-	for f in one dir/two
-	do
-		append_cr <$f >tmp && mv -f tmp $f &&
-		git update-index -- $f || {
-			echo "Oops $f"
-			false
-			break
-		}
-	done &&
-
-	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
-	test -z "$differs" || {
-		echo Oops "$differs"
-		false
-	}
+	munge_cr append one &&
+	munge_cr append dir/two &&
+	git update-index -- one dir/two &&
+	differs=$(git diff-index --cached HEAD) &&
+	verbose test -z "$differs"
 
 '
 
@@ -140,23 +131,13 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout with autocrlf=true' '
 	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
-
-	for f in one dir/two
-	do
-		remove_cr <"$f" >tmp && mv -f tmp $f &&
-		git update-index -- $f || {
-			echo "Eh? $f"
-			false
-			break
-		}
-	done &&
-	test "$one" = `git hash-object --stdin <one` &&
-	test "$two" = `git hash-object --stdin <dir/two` &&
-	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
-	test -z "$differs" || {
-		echo Oops "$differs"
-		false
-	}
+	munge_cr remove one &&
+	munge_cr remove dir/two &&
+	git update-index -- one dir/two &&
+	test "$one" = $(git hash-object --stdin <one) &&
+	test "$two" = $(git hash-object --stdin <dir/two) &&
+	differs=$(git diff-index --cached HEAD) &&
+	verbose test -z "$differs"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout with autocrlf=input' '
@@ -164,25 +145,13 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout with autocrlf=input' '
 	rm -f tmp one dir/two three &&
 	git config core.autocrlf input &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
-
-	for f in one dir/two
-	do
-		if has_cr "$f"
-		then
-			echo "Eh? $f"
-			false
-			break
-		else
-			git update-index -- $f
-		fi
-	done &&
-	test "$one" = `git hash-object --stdin <one` &&
-	test "$two" = `git hash-object --stdin <dir/two` &&
-	differs=`git diff-index --cached HEAD` &&
-	test -z "$differs" || {
-		echo Oops "$differs"
-		false
-	}
+	test_must_fail has_cr one &&
+	test_must_fail has_cr two &&
+	git update-index -- one dir/two &&
+	test "$one" = $(git hash-object --stdin <one) &&
+	test "$two" = $(git hash-object --stdin <dir/two) &&
+	differs=$(git diff-index --cached HEAD) &&
+	verbose test -z "$differs"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch (autocrlf=input)' '
@@ -192,10 +161,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch (autocrlf=input)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = "`git hash-object --stdin <one`" || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply without index"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = "$(git hash-object --stdin <one)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch --cached (autocrlf=input)' '
@@ -205,10 +171,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch --cached (autocrlf=input)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply --cached patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply with --cached"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = $(git rev-parse :one)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch --index (autocrlf=input)' '
@@ -218,11 +181,8 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch --index (autocrlf=input)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply --index patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` &&
-	test "$patched" = `git hash-object --stdin <one` || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply with --index"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = $(git rev-parse :one) &&
+	verbose test "$patched" = $(git hash-object --stdin <one)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch (autocrlf=true)' '
@@ -232,10 +192,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch (autocrlf=true)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = "`remove_cr <one | git hash-object --stdin`" || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply without index"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = "$(remove_cr <one | git hash-object --stdin)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch --cached (autocrlf=true)' '
@@ -245,10 +202,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch --cached (autocrlf=true)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply --cached patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply without index"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = $(git rev-parse :one)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply patch --index (autocrlf=true)' '
@@ -258,11 +212,8 @@ test_expect_success 'apply patch --index (autocrlf=true)' '
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	git apply --index patch.file &&
-	test "$patched" = `git rev-parse :one` &&
-	test "$patched" = "`remove_cr <one | git hash-object --stdin`" || {
-		echo "Eh?  apply with --index"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$patched" = $(git rev-parse :one) &&
+	verbose test "$patched" = "$(remove_cr <one | git hash-object --stdin)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two is binary' '
@@ -272,29 +223,9 @@ test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two is binary' '
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	if has_cr dir/two
-	then
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi &&
-
-	if has_cr one
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	fi &&
-
-	if has_cr three
-	then
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi
+	test_must_fail has_cr dir/two &&
+	verbose has_cr one &&
+	test_must_fail has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two is input' '
@@ -303,13 +234,7 @@ test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two is input' '
 	echo "two crlf=input" >.gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	if has_cr dir/two
-	then
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi
+	test_must_fail has_cr dir/two
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two and three are text' '
@@ -318,21 +243,8 @@ test_expect_success '.gitattributes says two and three are text' '
 	echo "t* crlf" >.gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	if has_cr dir/two
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	fi &&
-
-	if has_cr three
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Huh?"
-		false
-	fi
+	verbose has_cr dir/two &&
+	verbose has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (1)' '
@@ -344,17 +256,8 @@ test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (1)' '
 	rm -rf tmp one dir .gitattributes patch.file three &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	if has_cr one
-	then
-		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi &&
-	has_cr three || {
-		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
-		false
-	}
+	test_must_fail has_cr one &&
+	verbose has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (2)' '
@@ -363,17 +266,8 @@ test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (2)' '
 	git read-tree --reset HEAD &&
 	git checkout-index -f -q -u -a &&
 
-	if has_cr one
-	then
-		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi &&
-	has_cr three || {
-		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
-		false
-	}
+	test_must_fail has_cr one &&
+	verbose has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (3)' '
@@ -383,17 +277,8 @@ test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (3)' '
 	git checkout-index -u .gitattributes &&
 	git checkout-index -u one dir/two three &&
 
-	if has_cr one
-	then
-		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi &&
-	has_cr three || {
-		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
-		false
-	}
+	test_must_fail has_cr one &&
+	verbose has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (4)' '
@@ -403,17 +288,8 @@ test_expect_success 'in-tree .gitattributes (4)' '
 	git checkout-index -u one dir/two three &&
 	git checkout-index -u .gitattributes &&
 
-	if has_cr one
-	then
-		echo "Eh? one should not have CRLF"
-		false
-	else
-		: happy
-	fi &&
-	has_cr three || {
-		echo "Eh? three should still have CRLF"
-		false
-	}
+	test_must_fail has_cr one &&
+	verbose has_cr three
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout with existing .gitattributes' '
diff --git a/t/t0021-conversion.sh b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
index e50f0f742f..ca7d2a630a 100755
--- a/t/t0021-conversion.sh
+++ b/t/t0021-conversion.sh
@@ -153,17 +153,23 @@ test_expect_success 'filter shell-escaped filenames' '
 	:
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'required filter success' '
-	git config filter.required.smudge cat &&
-	git config filter.required.clean cat &&
+test_expect_success 'required filter should filter data' '
+	git config filter.required.smudge ./rot13.sh &&
+	git config filter.required.clean ./rot13.sh &&
 	git config filter.required.required true &&
 
 	echo "*.r filter=required" >.gitattributes &&
 
-	echo test >test.r &&
+	cat test.o >test.r &&
 	git add test.r &&
+
 	rm -f test.r &&
-	git checkout -- test.r
+	git checkout -- test.r &&
+	cmp test.o test.r &&
+
+	./rot13.sh <test.o >expected &&
+	git cat-file blob :test.r >actual &&
+	cmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'required filter smudge failure' '
@@ -190,4 +196,24 @@ test_expect_success 'required filter clean failure' '
 	test_must_fail git add test.fc
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'filtering large input to small output should use little memory' '
+	git config filter.devnull.clean "cat >/dev/null" &&
+	git config filter.devnull.required true &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 30); do printf "%1048576d" 1; done >30MB &&
+	echo "30MB filter=devnull" >.gitattributes &&
+	GIT_MMAP_LIMIT=1m GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT=1m git add 30MB
+'
+
+test_expect_success EXPENSIVE 'filter large file' '
+	git config filter.largefile.smudge cat &&
+	git config filter.largefile.clean cat &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 2048); do printf "%1048576d" 1; done >2GB &&
+	echo "2GB filter=largefile" >.gitattributes &&
+	git add 2GB 2>err &&
+	! test -s err &&
+	rm -f 2GB &&
+	git checkout -- 2GB 2>err &&
+	! test -s err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh b/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh
index aaed725402..f9bbb91f64 100755
--- a/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh
+++ b/t/t0023-crlf-am.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Date: Thu, 23 Aug 2007 13:00:00 +0200
 Subject: test1
 
 ---
- foo |    1 +
+ foo | 1 +
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
  create mode 100644 foo
 
diff --git a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
index ec6c1b3f8a..4e9fa3cd68 100755
--- a/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
+++ b/t/t0024-crlf-archive.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 test_description='respect crlf in git archive'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
@@ -26,18 +25,11 @@ test_expect_success 'tar archive' '
 
 '
 
-"$UNZIP" -v >/dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping ZIP test, because unzip was not found"
-else
-	test_set_prereq UNZIP
-fi
-
 test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive' '
 
 	git archive --format=zip HEAD >test.zip &&
 
-	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && unzip ../test.zip ) &&
+	( mkdir unzipped && cd unzipped && "$GIT_UNZIP" ../test.zip ) &&
 
 	test_cmp sample unzipped/sample
 
diff --git a/t/t0025-crlf-auto.sh b/t/t0025-crlf-auto.sh
index f5f67a6337..c164b4662a 100755
--- a/t/t0025-crlf-auto.sh
+++ b/t/t0025-crlf-auto.sh
@@ -12,144 +12,144 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
 
-	for w in Hello world how are you; do echo $w; done >one &&
-	for w in I am very very fine thank you; do echo ${w}Q; done | q_to_cr >two &&
-	for w in Oh here is a QNUL byte how alarming; do echo ${w}; done | q_to_nul >three &&
+	for w in Hello world how are you; do echo $w; done >LFonly &&
+	for w in I am very very fine thank you; do echo ${w}Q; done | q_to_cr >CRLFonly &&
+	for w in Oh here is a QNUL byte how alarming; do echo ${w}; done | q_to_nul >LFwithNUL &&
 	git add . &&
 
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
-	one=`git rev-parse HEAD:one` &&
-	two=`git rev-parse HEAD:two` &&
-	three=`git rev-parse HEAD:three` &&
+	LFonly=$(git rev-parse HEAD:LFonly) &&
+	CRLFonly=$(git rev-parse HEAD:CRLFonly) &&
+	LFwithNUL=$(git rev-parse HEAD:LFwithNUL) &&
 
 	echo happy.
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'default settings cause no changes' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	! has_cr one &&
-	has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	threediff=`git diff three` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff" -a -z "$threediff"
+	! has_cr LFonly &&
+	has_cr CRLFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	CRLFonlydiff=$(git diff CRLFonly) &&
+	LFwithNULdiff=$(git diff LFwithNUL) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff" -a -z "$CRLFonlydiff" -a -z "$LFwithNULdiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'crlf=true causes a CRLF file to be normalized' '
 
 	# Backwards compatibility check
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
-	echo "two crlf" > .gitattributes &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
+	echo "CRLFonly crlf" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	# Note, "normalized" means that git will normalize it if added
-	has_cr two &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -n "$twodiff"
+	has_cr CRLFonly &&
+	CRLFonlydiff=$(git diff CRLFonly) &&
+	test -n "$CRLFonlydiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'text=true causes a CRLF file to be normalized' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
-	echo "two text" > .gitattributes &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
+	echo "CRLFonly text" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
 	# Note, "normalized" means that git will normalize it if added
-	has_cr two &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -n "$twodiff"
+	has_cr CRLFonly &&
+	CRLFonlydiff=$(git diff CRLFonly) &&
+	test -n "$CRLFonlydiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eol=crlf gives a normalized file CRLFs with autocrlf=false' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf false &&
-	echo "one eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
+	echo "LFonly eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	has_cr one &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	test -z "$onediff"
+	has_cr LFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eol=crlf gives a normalized file CRLFs with autocrlf=input' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf input &&
-	echo "one eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
+	echo "LFonly eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	has_cr one &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	test -z "$onediff"
+	has_cr LFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eol=lf gives a normalized file LFs with autocrlf=true' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
-	echo "one eol=lf" > .gitattributes &&
+	echo "LFonly eol=lf" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	! has_cr one &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	test -z "$onediff"
+	! has_cr LFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true does not normalize CRLF files' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	has_cr one &&
-	has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	threediff=`git diff three` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff" -a -z "$threediff"
+	has_cr LFonly &&
+	has_cr CRLFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	CRLFonlydiff=$(git diff CRLFonly) &&
+	LFwithNULdiff=$(git diff LFwithNUL) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff" -a -z "$CRLFonlydiff" -a -z "$LFwithNULdiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'text=auto, autocrlf=true _does_ normalize CRLF files' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 	echo "* text=auto" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	has_cr one &&
-	has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	threediff=`git diff three` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -n "$twodiff" -a -z "$threediff"
+	has_cr LFonly &&
+	has_cr CRLFonly &&
+	LFonlydiff=$(git diff LFonly) &&
+	CRLFonlydiff=$(git diff CRLFonly) &&
+	LFwithNULdiff=$(git diff LFwithNUL) &&
+	test -z "$LFonlydiff" -a -n "$CRLFonlydiff" -a -z "$LFwithNULdiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'text=auto, autocrlf=true does not normalize binary files' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
 	git config core.autocrlf true &&
 	echo "* text=auto" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	! has_cr three &&
-	threediff=`git diff three` &&
-	test -z "$threediff"
+	! has_cr LFwithNUL &&
+	LFwithNULdiff=$(git diff LFwithNUL) &&
+	test -z "$LFwithNULdiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eol=crlf _does_ normalize binary files' '
 
-	rm -f .gitattributes tmp one two three &&
-	echo "three eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
+	rm -f .gitattributes tmp LFonly CRLFonly LFwithNUL &&
+	echo "LFwithNUL eol=crlf" > .gitattributes &&
 	git read-tree --reset -u HEAD &&
 
-	has_cr three &&
-	threediff=`git diff three` &&
-	test -z "$threediff"
+	has_cr LFwithNUL &&
+	LFwithNULdiff=$(git diff LFwithNUL) &&
+	test -z "$LFwithNULdiff"
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0026-eol-config.sh b/t/t0026-eol-config.sh
index fe0164be62..c5203e232c 100755
--- a/t/t0026-eol-config.sh
+++ b/t/t0026-eol-config.sh
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
-	one=`git rev-parse HEAD:one` &&
-	two=`git rev-parse HEAD:two` &&
+	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD:one) &&
+	two=$(git rev-parse HEAD:two) &&
 
 	echo happy.
 '
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ test_expect_success 'eol=lf puts LFs in normalized file' '
 
 	! has_cr one &&
 	! has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff"
+	onediff=$(git diff one) &&
+	twodiff=$(git diff two) &&
+	test -z "$onediff" && test -z "$twodiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eol=crlf puts CRLFs in normalized file' '
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ test_expect_success 'eol=crlf puts CRLFs in normalized file' '
 
 	has_cr one &&
 	! has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff"
+	onediff=$(git diff one) &&
+	twodiff=$(git diff two) &&
+	test -z "$onediff" && test -z "$twodiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true overrides eol=lf' '
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true overrides eol=lf' '
 
 	has_cr one &&
 	has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff"
+	onediff=$(git diff one) &&
+	twodiff=$(git diff two) &&
+	test -z "$onediff" && test -z "$twodiff"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true overrides unset eol' '
@@ -75,9 +75,29 @@ test_expect_success 'autocrlf=true overrides unset eol' '
 
 	has_cr one &&
 	has_cr two &&
-	onediff=`git diff one` &&
-	twodiff=`git diff two` &&
-	test -z "$onediff" -a -z "$twodiff"
+	onediff=$(git diff one) &&
+	twodiff=$(git diff two) &&
+	test -z "$onediff" && test -z "$twodiff"
+'
+
+test_expect_success NATIVE_CRLF 'eol native is crlf' '
+
+	rm -rf native_eol && mkdir native_eol &&
+	(
+		cd native_eol &&
+		printf "*.txt text\n" >.gitattributes &&
+		printf "one\r\ntwo\r\nthree\r\n" >filedos.txt &&
+		printf "one\ntwo\nthree\n" >fileunix.txt &&
+		git init &&
+		git config core.autocrlf false &&
+		git config core.eol native &&
+		git add filedos.txt fileunix.txt &&
+		git commit -m "first" &&
+		rm file*.txt &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD &&
+		has_cr filedos.txt &&
+		has_cr fileunix.txt
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0027-auto-crlf.sh b/t/t0027-auto-crlf.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..452320df83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0027-auto-crlf.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='CRLF conversion all combinations'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq EXPENSIVE
+then
+	skip_all="EXPENSIVE not set"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+compare_files () {
+	tr '\015\000' QN <"$1" >"$1".expect &&
+	tr '\015\000' QN <"$2" >"$2".actual &&
+	test_cmp "$1".expect "$2".actual &&
+	rm "$1".expect "$2".actual
+}
+
+compare_ws_file () {
+	pfx=$1
+	exp=$2.expect
+	act=$pfx.actual.$3
+	tr '\015\000' QN <"$2" >"$exp" &&
+	tr '\015\000' QN <"$3" >"$act" &&
+	test_cmp $exp $act &&
+	rm $exp $act
+}
+
+create_gitattributes () {
+	attr=$1
+	case "$attr" in
+		auto)
+		echo "*.txt text=auto" >.gitattributes
+		;;
+		text)
+		echo "*.txt text" >.gitattributes
+		;;
+		-text)
+		echo "*.txt -text" >.gitattributes
+		;;
+		crlf)
+		echo "*.txt eol=crlf" >.gitattributes
+		;;
+		lf)
+		echo "*.txt eol=lf" >.gitattributes
+		;;
+		"")
+		echo >.gitattributes
+		;;
+		*)
+		echo >&2 invalid attribute: $attr
+		exit 1
+		;;
+	esac
+}
+
+check_warning () {
+	case "$1" in
+	LF_CRLF) grep "LF will be replaced by CRLF" $2;;
+	CRLF_LF) grep "CRLF will be replaced by LF" $2;;
+	'')
+		>expect
+		grep "will be replaced by" $2 >actual
+		test_cmp expect actual
+		;;
+	*) false ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+create_file_in_repo () {
+	crlf=$1
+	attr=$2
+	lfname=$3
+	crlfname=$4
+	lfmixcrlf=$5
+	lfmixcr=$6
+	crlfnul=$7
+	create_gitattributes "$attr" &&
+	pfx=crlf_${crlf}_attr_${attr}
+	for f in LF CRLF LF_mix_CR CRLF_mix_LF CRLF_nul
+	do
+		fname=${pfx}_$f.txt &&
+		cp $f $fname &&
+		git -c core.autocrlf=$crlf add $fname 2>"${pfx}_$f.err"
+	done &&
+	git commit -m "core.autocrlf $crlf" &&
+	check_warning "$lfname" ${pfx}_LF.err &&
+	check_warning "$crlfname" ${pfx}_CRLF.err &&
+	check_warning "$lfmixcrlf" ${pfx}_CRLF_mix_LF.err &&
+	check_warning "$lfmixcr" ${pfx}_LF_mix_CR.err &&
+	check_warning "$crlfnul" ${pfx}_CRLF_nul.err
+}
+
+check_files_in_repo () {
+	crlf=$1
+	attr=$2
+	lfname=$3
+	crlfname=$4
+	lfmixcrlf=$5
+	lfmixcr=$6
+	crlfnul=$7
+	pfx=crlf_${crlf}_attr_${attr}_ &&
+	compare_files $lfname ${pfx}LF.txt &&
+	compare_files $crlfname ${pfx}CRLF.txt &&
+	compare_files $lfmixcrlf ${pfx}CRLF_mix_LF.txt &&
+	compare_files $lfmixcr ${pfx}LF_mix_CR.txt &&
+	compare_files $crlfnul ${pfx}CRLF_nul.txt
+}
+
+
+check_files_in_ws () {
+	eol=$1
+	crlf=$2
+	attr=$3
+	lfname=$4
+	crlfname=$5
+	lfmixcrlf=$6
+	lfmixcr=$7
+	crlfnul=$8
+	create_gitattributes $attr &&
+	git config core.autocrlf $crlf &&
+	pfx=eol_${eol}_crlf_${crlf}_attr_${attr}_ &&
+	src=crlf_false_attr__ &&
+	for f in LF CRLF LF_mix_CR CRLF_mix_LF CRLF_nul
+	do
+		rm $src$f.txt &&
+		if test -z "$eol"; then
+			git checkout $src$f.txt
+		else
+			git -c core.eol=$eol checkout $src$f.txt
+		fi
+	done
+
+	test_expect_success "checkout core.eol=$eol core.autocrlf=$crlf gitattributes=$attr file=LF" "
+		compare_ws_file $pfx $lfname    ${src}LF.txt
+	"
+	test_expect_success "checkout core.eol=$eol core.autocrlf=$crlf gitattributes=$attr file=CRLF" "
+		compare_ws_file $pfx $crlfname  ${src}CRLF.txt
+	"
+	test_expect_success "checkout core.eol=$eol core.autocrlf=$crlf gitattributes=$attr file=CRLF_mix_LF" "
+		compare_ws_file $pfx $lfmixcrlf ${src}CRLF_mix_LF.txt
+	"
+	test_expect_success "checkout core.eol=$eol core.autocrlf=$crlf gitattributes=$attr file=LF_mix_CR" "
+		compare_ws_file $pfx $lfmixcr   ${src}LF_mix_CR.txt
+	"
+	test_expect_success "checkout core.eol=$eol core.autocrlf=$crlf gitattributes=$attr file=CRLF_nul" "
+		compare_ws_file $pfx $crlfnul   ${src}CRLF_nul.txt
+	"
+}
+
+#######
+test_expect_success 'setup master' '
+	echo >.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout -b master &&
+	git add .gitattributes &&
+	git commit -m "add .gitattributes" "" &&
+	printf "line1\nline2\nline3"     >LF &&
+	printf "line1\r\nline2\r\nline3" >CRLF &&
+	printf "line1\r\nline2\nline3"   >CRLF_mix_LF &&
+	printf "line1\nline2\rline3"     >LF_mix_CR &&
+	printf "line1\r\nline2\rline3"   >CRLF_mix_CR &&
+	printf "line1Q\r\nline2\r\nline3" | q_to_nul >CRLF_nul &&
+	printf "line1Q\nline2\nline3" | q_to_nul >LF_nul
+'
+
+
+
+warn_LF_CRLF="LF will be replaced by CRLF"
+warn_CRLF_LF="CRLF will be replaced by LF"
+
+test_expect_success 'add files empty attr' '
+	create_file_in_repo false ""     ""        ""        ""        ""        "" &&
+	create_file_in_repo true  ""     "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" ""        "" &&
+	create_file_in_repo input ""     ""        "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF" ""        ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add files attr=auto' '
+	create_file_in_repo false "auto" ""        "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF" ""        "" &&
+	create_file_in_repo true  "auto" "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" ""        "" &&
+	create_file_in_repo input "auto" ""        "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF" ""        ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add files attr=text' '
+	create_file_in_repo false "text" ""        "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF" ""        "CRLF_LF" &&
+	create_file_in_repo true  "text" "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" "LF_CRLF" ""        &&
+	create_file_in_repo input "text" ""        "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF" ""        "CRLF_LF"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add files attr=-text' '
+	create_file_in_repo false "-text" ""       ""        ""        ""        "" &&
+	create_file_in_repo true  "-text" ""       ""        ""        ""        "" &&
+	create_file_in_repo input "-text" ""       ""        ""        ""        ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add files attr=lf' '
+	create_file_in_repo false "lf"    ""       "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF"  ""       "CRLF_LF" &&
+	create_file_in_repo true  "lf"    ""       "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF"  ""       "CRLF_LF" &&
+	create_file_in_repo input "lf"    ""       "CRLF_LF" "CRLF_LF"  ""       "CRLF_LF"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add files attr=crlf' '
+	create_file_in_repo false "crlf" "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" "LF_CRLF" "" &&
+	create_file_in_repo true  "crlf" "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" "LF_CRLF" "" &&
+	create_file_in_repo input "crlf" "LF_CRLF" ""        "LF_CRLF" "LF_CRLF" ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create files cleanup' '
+	rm -f *.txt &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit empty gitattribues' '
+	check_files_in_repo false ""      LF CRLF CRLF_mix_LF LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo true  ""      LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo input ""      LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit text=auto' '
+	check_files_in_repo false "auto"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo true  "auto"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo input "auto"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit text' '
+	check_files_in_repo false "text"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR LF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo true  "text"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR LF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo input "text"  LF LF   LF          LF_mix_CR LF_nul
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit -text' '
+	check_files_in_repo false "-text" LF CRLF CRLF_mix_LF LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo true  "-text" LF CRLF CRLF_mix_LF LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul &&
+	check_files_in_repo input "-text" LF CRLF CRLF_mix_LF LF_mix_CR CRLF_nul
+'
+
+################################################################################
+# Check how files in the repo are changed when they are checked out
+# How to read the table below:
+# - check_files_in_ws will check multiple files with a combination of settings
+#   and attributes (core.autocrlf=input is forbidden with core.eol=crlf)
+# - parameter $1 : core.eol               lf | crlf
+# - parameter $2 : core.autocrlf          false | true | input
+# - parameter $3 : text in .gitattributs  "" (empty) | auto | text | -text
+# - parameter $4 : reference for a file with only LF in the repo
+# - parameter $5 : reference for a file with only CRLF in the repo
+# - parameter $6 : reference for a file with mixed LF and CRLF in the repo
+# - parameter $7 : reference for a file with LF and CR in the repo (does somebody uses this ?)
+# - parameter $8 : reference for a file with CRLF and a NUL (should be handled as binary when auto)
+
+#                                            What we have in the repo:
+#                														 ----------------- EOL in repo ----------------
+#                														 LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+#                   settings with checkout:
+#                   core.   core.   .gitattr
+#                    eol     acrlf
+#                                            ----------------------------------------------
+#                                            What we want to have in the working tree:
+if test_have_prereq MINGW
+then
+MIX_CRLF_LF=CRLF
+MIX_LF_CR=CRLF_mix_CR
+NL=CRLF
+else
+MIX_CRLF_LF=CRLF_mix_LF
+MIX_LF_CR=LF_mix_CR
+NL=LF
+fi
+export CRLF_MIX_LF_CR MIX NL
+
+check_files_in_ws    lf      false  ""       LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      true   ""       CRLF  CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      input  ""       LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      false "auto"    LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      true  "auto"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      input "auto"    LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      false "text"    LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      true  "text"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      input "text"    LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      false "-text"   LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      true  "-text"   LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      input "-text"   LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      false "lf"      LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      true  "lf"      LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      input "lf"      LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      false "crlf"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      true  "crlf"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    lf      input "crlf"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    false  ""       LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    true   ""       CRLF  CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    false "auto"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    true  "auto"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    false "text"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    true  "text"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    false "-text"   LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    true  "-text"   LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    false "lf"      LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    true  "lf"      LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    false "crlf"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    crlf    true  "crlf"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+
+check_files_in_ws    ""      false  ""       LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      true   ""       CRLF  CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      input  ""       LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      false "auto"    $NL   CRLF  $MIX_CRLF_LF LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      true  "auto"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      input "auto"    LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      false "text"    $NL   CRLF  $MIX_CRLF_LF $MIX_LF_CR   CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      true  "text"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      input "text"    LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      false "-text"   LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      true  "-text"   LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      input "-text"   LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      false "lf"      LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      true  "lf"      LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      input "lf"      LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      false "crlf"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      true  "crlf"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    ""      input "crlf"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+
+check_files_in_ws    native  false  ""       LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  true   ""       CRLF  CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  false "auto"    $NL   CRLF  $MIX_CRLF_LF LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  true  "auto"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  false "text"    $NL   CRLF  $MIX_CRLF_LF $MIX_LF_CR   CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  true  "text"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  false "-text"   LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  true  "-text"   LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  false "lf"      LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  true  "lf"      LF    CRLF  CRLF_mix_LF  LF_mix_CR    CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  false "crlf"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+check_files_in_ws    native  true  "crlf"    CRLF  CRLF  CRLF         CRLF_mix_CR  CRLF_nul
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
index ccb0a3cb61..29e91d861c 100755
--- a/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
+++ b/t/t0030-stripspace.sh
@@ -225,22 +225,22 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'text without newline at end should end with newline' '
-    test `printf "$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0
+    test $(printf "$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$ttt" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0
 '
 
 # text plus spaces at the end:
 
 test_expect_success \
     'text plus spaces without newline at end should end with newline' '
-    test `printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0 &&
-    test `printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l` -gt 0
+    test $(printf "$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt$ttt$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$ttt$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0 &&
+    test $(printf "$ttt$sss$sss$sss" | git stripspace | wc -l) -gt 0
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -397,4 +397,45 @@ test_expect_success 'strip comments, too' '
 	test -z "$(echo "# comment" | git stripspace -s)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'strip comments with changed comment char' '
+	test ! -z "$(echo "; comment" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace)" &&
+	test -z "$(echo "; comment" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace -s)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with single line' '
+	printf "# foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with single line followed by empty line' '
+	printf "# foo\n#\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo\n\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with newline only' '
+	printf "#\n" >expect &&
+	printf "\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--comment-lines with single line' '
+	printf "# foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-c with changed comment char' '
+	printf "; foo\n" >expect &&
+	printf "foo" | git -c core.commentchar=";" stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'avoid SP-HT sequence in commented line' '
+	printf "#\tone\n#\n# two\n" >expect &&
+	printf "\tone\n\ntwo\n" | git stripspace -c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
index e3f354a45e..b044785175 100755
--- a/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
+++ b/t/t0040-parse-options.sh
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ String options
     --string2 <str>       get another string
     --st <st>             get another string (pervert ordering)
     -o <str>              get another string
-    --default-string      set string to default
     --list <str>          add str to list
 
 Magic arguments
@@ -50,8 +49,8 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'test help' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options -h > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 mv expect expect.err
@@ -75,10 +74,21 @@ check() {
 	shift &&
 	sed "s/^$what .*/$what $expect/" <expect.template >expect &&
 	test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 }
 
+check_i18n() {
+	what="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	expect="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	sed "s/^$what .*/$what $expect/" <expect.template >expect &&
+	test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+}
+
 check_unknown() {
 	case "$1" in
 	--*)
@@ -88,10 +98,23 @@ check_unknown() {
 	esac &&
 	cat expect.err >>expect &&
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_cmp expect output.err
 }
 
+check_unknown_i18n() {
+	case "$1" in
+	--*)
+		echo error: unknown option \`${1#--}\' >expect ;;
+	-*)
+		echo error: unknown switch \`${1#-}\' >expect ;;
+	esac &&
+	cat expect.err >>expect &&
+	test_must_fail test-parse-options $* >output 2>output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output.err
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #1' 'check boolean: 1 --yes'
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #2' 'check boolean: 1 --no-doubt'
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() #3' 'check boolean: 1 -D'
@@ -104,8 +127,8 @@ test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() is idempotent #2' 'check boolean: 1 -DB'
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() negation #1' 'check boolean: 0 -D --no-yes'
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() negation #2' 'check boolean: 0 -D --no-no-doubt'
 
-test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() no negation #1' 'check_unknown --fear'
-test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() no negation #2' 'check_unknown --no-no-fear'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() no negation #1' 'check_unknown_i18n --fear'
+test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() no negation #2' 'check_unknown_i18n --no-no-fear'
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BOOL() positivation' 'check boolean: 0 -D --doubt'
 
@@ -125,7 +148,7 @@ test_expect_success 'short options' '
 	test-parse-options -s123 -b -i 1729 -b -vv -n -F my.file \
 	> output 2> output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
-	test ! -s output.err
+	test_must_be_empty output.err
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -144,17 +167,14 @@ test_expect_success 'long options' '
 	test-parse-options --boolean --integer 1729 --boolean --string2=321 \
 		--verbose --verbose --no-dry-run --abbrev=10 --file fi.le\
 		--obsolete > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'missing required value' '
-	test-parse-options -s;
-	test $? = 129 &&
-	test-parse-options --string;
-	test $? = 129 &&
-	test-parse-options --file;
-	test $? = 129
+	test_expect_code 129 test-parse-options -s &&
+	test_expect_code 129 test-parse-options --string &&
+	test_expect_code 129 test-parse-options --file
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -175,7 +195,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'intermingled arguments' '
 	test-parse-options a1 --string 123 b1 --boolean -j 13 -- --boolean \
 		> output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -193,19 +213,18 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'unambiguously abbreviated option' '
 	test-parse-options --int 2 --boolean --no-bo > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'unambiguously abbreviated option with "="' '
 	test-parse-options --int=2 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ambiguously abbreviated option' '
-	test-parse-options --strin 123;
-	test $? = 129
+	test_expect_code 129 test-parse-options --strin 123
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -222,7 +241,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'non ambiguous option (after two options it abbreviates)' '
 	test-parse-options --st 123 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -232,7 +251,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'detect possible typos' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options -boolean > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_cmp typo.err output.err
 '
 
@@ -242,7 +261,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'detect possible typos' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options -ambiguous > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output &&
+	test_must_be_empty output &&
 	test_cmp typo.err output.err
 '
 
@@ -261,7 +280,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'keep some options as arguments' '
 	test-parse-options --quux > output 2> output.err &&
-        test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
         test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -269,7 +288,7 @@ cat > expect <<EOF
 boolean: 0
 integer: 0
 timestamp: 1
-string: default
+string: (not set)
 abbrev: 7
 verbose: 0
 quiet: yes
@@ -278,10 +297,10 @@ file: (not set)
 arg 00: foo
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'OPT_DATE() and OPT_SET_PTR() work' '
-	test-parse-options -t "1970-01-01 00:00:01 +0000" --default-string \
+test_expect_success 'OPT_DATE() works' '
+	test-parse-options -t "1970-01-01 00:00:01 +0000" \
 		foo -q > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -300,7 +319,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_CALLBACK() and OPT_BIT() work' '
 	test-parse-options --length=four -b -4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -310,8 +329,8 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_CALLBACK() and callback errors work' '
 	test_must_fail test-parse-options --no-length > output 2> output.err &&
-	test_cmp expect output &&
-	test_cmp expect.err output.err
+	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err output.err
 '
 
 cat > expect <<EOF
@@ -328,13 +347,13 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BIT() and OPT_SET_INT() work' '
 	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --no-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NEGBIT() and OPT_SET_INT() work' '
 	test-parse-options --set23 -bbbbb --neg-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -352,19 +371,19 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_BIT() works' '
 	test-parse-options -bb --or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NEGBIT() works' '
 	test-parse-options -bb --no-neg-or4 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_COUNTUP() with PARSE_OPT_NODASH works' '
 	test-parse-options + + + + + + > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -382,7 +401,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'OPT_NUMBER_CALLBACK() works' '
 	test-parse-options -12345 > output 2> output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -400,7 +419,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'negation of OPT_NONEG flags is not ambiguous' '
 	test-parse-options --no-ambig >output 2>output.err &&
-	test ! -s output.err &&
+	test_must_be_empty output.err &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
index 1542cf6a13..b29d749bb7 100755
--- a/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
+++ b/t/t0050-filesystem.sh
@@ -7,78 +7,55 @@ test_description='Various filesystem issues'
 auml=$(printf '\303\244')
 aumlcdiar=$(printf '\141\314\210')
 
-case_insensitive=
-unibad=
-no_symlinks=
-test_expect_success 'see what we expect' '
-
-	test_case=test_expect_success &&
-	test_unicode=test_expect_success &&
-	mkdir junk &&
-	echo good >junk/CamelCase &&
-	echo bad >junk/camelcase &&
-	if test "$(cat junk/CamelCase)" != good
-	then
-		test_case=test_expect_failure &&
-		case_insensitive=t
-	fi &&
-	rm -fr junk &&
-	mkdir junk &&
-	>junk/"$auml" &&
-	case "$(cd junk && echo *)" in
-	"$aumlcdiar")
-		test_unicode=test_expect_failure &&
-		unibad=t
-		;;
-	*)	;;
-	esac &&
-	rm -fr junk &&
-	{
-		ln -s x y 2> /dev/null &&
-		test -h y 2> /dev/null ||
-		no_symlinks=1 &&
-		rm -f y
-	}
-'
-
-test "$case_insensitive" &&
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+then
 	say "will test on a case insensitive filesystem"
-test "$unibad" &&
+	test_case=test_expect_failure
+else
+	test_case=test_expect_success
+fi
+
+if test_have_prereq UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC
+then
 	say "will test on a unicode corrupting filesystem"
-test "$no_symlinks" &&
+	test_unicode=test_expect_failure
+else
+	test_unicode=test_expect_success
+fi
+
+test_have_prereq SYMLINKS ||
 	say "will test on a filesystem lacking symbolic links"
 
-if test "$case_insensitive"
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
 then
 test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
-
 	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = true
 '
 else
 test_expect_success "detection of case insensitive filesystem during repo init" '
-
-	test_must_fail git config --bool core.ignorecase >/dev/null ||
-	test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = false
+	{
+		test_must_fail git config --bool core.ignorecase >/dev/null ||
+			test $(git config --bool core.ignorecase) = false
+	}
 '
 fi
 
-if test "$no_symlinks"
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
 then
 test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
-
-	v=$(git config --bool core.symlinks) &&
-	test "$v" = false
+	{
+		test_must_fail git config --bool core.symlinks ||
+		test "$(git config --bool core.symlinks)" = true
+	}
 '
 else
 test_expect_success "detection of filesystem w/o symlink support during repo init" '
-
-	test_must_fail git config --bool core.symlinks ||
-	test "$(git config --bool core.symlinks)" = true
+	v=$(git config --bool core.symlinks) &&
+	test "$v" = false
 '
 fi
 
 test_expect_success "setup case tests" '
-
 	git config core.ignorecase true &&
 	touch camelcase &&
 	git add camelcase &&
@@ -89,29 +66,23 @@ test_expect_success "setup case tests" '
 	git mv tmp CamelCase &&
 	git commit -m "rename" &&
 	git checkout -f master
-
 '
 
-$test_case 'rename (case change)' '
-
+test_expect_success 'rename (case change)' '
 	git mv camelcase CamelCase &&
 	git commit -m "rename"
-
 '
 
-$test_case 'merge (case change)' '
-
+test_expect_success 'merge (case change)' '
 	rm -f CamelCase &&
 	rm -f camelcase &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	git merge topic
-
 '
 
 
 
-test_expect_failure 'add (with different case)' '
-
+test_expect_failure CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS 'add (with different case)' '
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	rm camelcase &&
 	echo 1 >CamelCase &&
@@ -119,37 +90,31 @@ test_expect_failure 'add (with different case)' '
 	camel=$(git ls-files | grep -i camelcase) &&
 	test $(echo "$camel" | wc -l) = 1 &&
 	test "z$(git cat-file blob :$camel)" = z1
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success "setup unicode normalization tests" '
-
-  test_create_repo unicode &&
-  cd unicode &&
-  touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
-  git commit -m initial &&
-  git tag initial &&
-  git checkout -b topic &&
-  git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
-  git mv tmp "$auml" &&
-  git commit -m rename &&
-  git checkout -f master
-
+	test_create_repo unicode &&
+	cd unicode &&
+	git config core.precomposeunicode false &&
+	touch "$aumlcdiar" &&
+	git add "$aumlcdiar" &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+	git checkout -b topic &&
+	git mv $aumlcdiar tmp &&
+	git mv tmp "$auml" &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	git checkout -f master
 '
 
 $test_unicode 'rename (silent unicode normalization)' '
-
- git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
- git commit -m rename
-
+	git mv "$aumlcdiar" "$auml" &&
+	git commit -m rename
 '
 
 $test_unicode 'merge (silent unicode normalization)' '
-
- git reset --hard initial &&
- git merge topic
-
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	git merge topic
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0056-git-C.sh b/t/t0056-git-C.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2630e756da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0056-git-C.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='"-C <path>" option and its effects on other path-related options'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success '"git -C <path>" runs git from the directory <path>' '
+	test_create_repo dir1 &&
+	echo 1 >dir1/a.txt &&
+	msg="initial in dir1" &&
+	(cd dir1 && git add a.txt && git commit -m "$msg") &&
+	echo "$msg" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1 log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git -C <path>" with an empty <path> is a no-op' '
+	(
+		mkdir -p dir1/subdir &&
+		cd dir1/subdir &&
+		git -C "" rev-parse --show-prefix >actual &&
+		echo subdir/ >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Multiple -C options: "-C dir1 -C dir2" is equivalent to "-C dir1/dir2"' '
+	test_create_repo dir1/dir2 &&
+	echo 1 >dir1/dir2/b.txt &&
+	git -C dir1/dir2 add b.txt &&
+	msg="initial in dir1/dir2" &&
+	echo "$msg" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1/dir2 commit -m "$msg" &&
+	git -C dir1 -C dir2 log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --git-dir option: "-C c --git-dir=a.git" is equivalent to "--git-dir c/a.git"' '
+	mkdir c &&
+	mkdir c/a &&
+	mkdir c/a.git &&
+	(cd c/a.git && git init --bare) &&
+	echo 1 >c/a/a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir c/a.git --work-tree=c/a add a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir c/a.git --work-tree=c/a commit -m "initial" &&
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git log -1 --format=%s >expected &&
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "--git-dir=a.git -C c" is equivalent to "-C c --git-dir=a.git"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git log -1 --format=%s >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git -C c log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --work-tree option: "-C c/a.git --work-tree=../a"  is equivalent to "--work-tree=c/a --git-dir=c/a.git"' '
+	rm c/a/a.txt &&
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a status >expected &&
+	git -C c/a.git --work-tree=../a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "--work-tree=../a -C c/a.git" is equivalent to "-C c/a.git --work-tree=../a"' '
+	git -C c/a.git --work-tree=../a status >expected &&
+	git --work-tree=../a -C c/a.git status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Effect on --git-dir and --work-tree options - "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a"' '
+	git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/a status >expected &&
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=a.git -C c --work-tree=a"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git -C c --work-tree=a status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Order should not matter: "-C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a" is equivalent to "--git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a -C c"' '
+	git -C c --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a status >expected &&
+	git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=a -C c status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Relative followed by fullpath: "-C ./here -C /there" is equivalent to "-C /there"' '
+	echo "initial in dir1/dir2" >expected &&
+	git -C dir1 -C "$(pwd)/dir1/dir2" log --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
index 53cf1f8dc4..c0143a0a70 100755
--- a/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
+++ b/t/t0060-path-utils.sh
@@ -8,8 +8,15 @@ test_description='Test various path utilities'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 norm_path() {
+	expected=$(test-path-utils print_path "$2")
 	test_expect_success $3 "normalize path: $1 => $2" \
-	"test \"\$(test-path-utils normalize_path_copy '$1')\" = '$2'"
+	"test \"\$(test-path-utils normalize_path_copy '$1')\" = '$expected'"
+}
+
+relative_path() {
+	expected=$(test-path-utils print_path "$3")
+	test_expect_success $4 "relative path: $1 $2 => $3" \
+	"test \"\$(test-path-utils relative_path '$1' '$2')\" = '$expected'"
 }
 
 # On Windows, we are using MSYS's bash, which mangles the paths.
@@ -34,8 +41,8 @@ ancestor() {
 	 test \"\$actual\" = '$expected'"
 }
 
-# Absolute path tests must be skipped on Windows because due to path mangling
-# the test program never sees a POSIX-style absolute path
+# Some absolute path tests should be skipped on Windows due to path mangling
+# on POSIX-style absolute paths
 case $(uname -s) in
 *MINGW*)
 	;;
@@ -68,75 +75,173 @@ norm_path d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 d2
 norm_path d1/.../d2 d1/.../d2
 norm_path d1/..././../d2 d1/d2
 
-norm_path / / POSIX
+norm_path / /
 norm_path // / POSIX
 norm_path /// / POSIX
-norm_path /. / POSIX
+norm_path /. /
 norm_path /./ / POSIX
 norm_path /./.. ++failed++ POSIX
-norm_path /../. ++failed++ POSIX
+norm_path /../. ++failed++
 norm_path /./../.// ++failed++ POSIX
 norm_path /dir/.. / POSIX
 norm_path /dir/sub/../.. / POSIX
 norm_path /dir/sub/../../.. ++failed++ POSIX
-norm_path /dir /dir POSIX
-norm_path /dir// /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /./dir /dir POSIX
-norm_path /dir/. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir///./ /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir//sub/.. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir/sub/../ /dir/ POSIX
+norm_path /dir /dir
+norm_path /dir// /dir/
+norm_path /./dir /dir
+norm_path /dir/. /dir/
+norm_path /dir///./ /dir/
+norm_path /dir//sub/.. /dir/
+norm_path /dir/sub/../ /dir/
 norm_path //dir/sub/../. /dir/ POSIX
-norm_path /dir/s1/../s2/ /dir/s2/ POSIX
-norm_path /d1/s1///s2/..//../s3/ /d1/s3/ POSIX
-norm_path /d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 /d2 POSIX
-norm_path /d1/.../d2 /d1/.../d2 POSIX
-norm_path /d1/..././../d2 /d1/d2 POSIX
+norm_path /dir/s1/../s2/ /dir/s2/
+norm_path /d1/s1///s2/..//../s3/ /d1/s3/
+norm_path /d1/s1//../s2/../../d2 /d2
+norm_path /d1/.../d2 /d1/.../d2
+norm_path /d1/..././../d2 /d1/d2
 
-ancestor / "" -1
 ancestor / / -1
-ancestor /foo "" -1
-ancestor /foo : -1
-ancestor /foo ::. -1
-ancestor /foo ::..:: -1
 ancestor /foo / 0
 ancestor /foo /fo -1
 ancestor /foo /foo -1
-ancestor /foo /foo/ -1
 ancestor /foo /bar -1
-ancestor /foo /bar/ -1
 ancestor /foo /foo/bar -1
-ancestor /foo /foo:/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /foo/:/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /foo::/bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo /:/bar/:/foo 0
-ancestor /foo/bar "" -1
+ancestor /foo /foo:/bar -1
+ancestor /foo /:/foo:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo /foo:/:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo /:/bar:/foo 0
 ancestor /foo/bar / 0
 ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
-ancestor /foo/bar foo -1
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ 4
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo/ba -1
 ancestor /foo/bar /:/fo 0
 ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/foo/ba 4
 ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /bar/ -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /fo: -1
-ancestor /foo/bar :/fo -1
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar/ 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/:/fo 0
-ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar/ 0
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/. 4
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/foo/.:.: 4
-ancestor /foo/bar /foo/./:.:/bar 4
-ancestor /foo/bar .:/bar -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /fo -1
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar:/fo 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /:/bar 0
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /foo:/bar 4
+ancestor /foo/bar /bar -1
 
 test_expect_success 'strip_path_suffix' '
 	test c:/msysgit = $(test-path-utils strip_path_suffix \
 		c:/msysgit/libexec//git-core libexec/git-core)
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'absolute path rejects the empty string' '
+	test_must_fail test-path-utils absolute_path ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'real path rejects the empty string' '
+	test_must_fail test-path-utils real_path ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIX 'real path works on absolute paths 1' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	test "/" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "/")" &&
+	test "/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "/$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'real path works on absolute paths 2' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	# Find an existing top-level directory for the remaining tests:
+	d=$(pwd -P | sed -e "s|^\([^/]*/[^/]*\)/.*|\1|") &&
+	test "$d" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d")" &&
+	test "$d/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d/$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIX 'real path removes extra leading slashes' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	test "/" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "///")" &&
+	test "/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "///$nopath")" &&
+	# Find an existing top-level directory for the remaining tests:
+	d=$(pwd -P | sed -e "s|^\([^/]*/[^/]*\)/.*|\1|") &&
+	test "$d" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "//$d")" &&
+	test "$d/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "//$d/$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'real path removes other extra slashes' '
+	nopath="hopefully-absent-path" &&
+	# Find an existing top-level directory for the remaining tests:
+	d=$(pwd -P | sed -e "s|^\([^/]*/[^/]*\)/.*|\1|") &&
+	test "$d" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d///")" &&
+	test "$d/$nopath" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$d///$nopath")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'real path works on symlinks' '
+	mkdir first &&
+	ln -s ../.git first/.git &&
+	mkdir second &&
+	ln -s ../first second/other &&
+	mkdir third &&
+	dir="$(cd .git; pwd -P)" &&
+	dir2=third/../second/other/.git &&
+	test "$dir" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2)" &&
+	file="$dir"/index &&
+	test "$file" = "$(test-path-utils real_path $dir2/index)" &&
+	basename=blub &&
+	test "$dir/$basename" = "$(cd .git && test-path-utils real_path "$basename")" &&
+	ln -s ../first/file .git/syml &&
+	sym="$(cd first; pwd -P)"/file &&
+	test "$sym" = "$(test-path-utils real_path "$dir2/syml")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'prefix_path works with absolute paths to work tree symlinks' '
+	ln -s target symlink &&
+	test "$(test-path-utils prefix_path prefix "$(pwd)/symlink")" = "symlink"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefix_path works with only absolute path to work tree' '
+	echo "" >expected &&
+	test-path-utils prefix_path prefix "$(pwd)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefix_path rejects absolute path to dir with same beginning as work tree' '
+	test_must_fail test-path-utils prefix_path prefix "$(pwd)a"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'prefix_path works with absolute path to a symlink to work tree having  same beginning as work tree' '
+	git init repo &&
+	ln -s repo repolink &&
+	test "a" = "$(cd repo && test-path-utils prefix_path prefix "$(pwd)/../repolink/a")"
+'
+
+relative_path /foo/a/b/c/	/foo/a/b/	c/
+relative_path /foo/a/b/c/	/foo/a/b	c/
+relative_path /foo/a//b//c/	///foo/a/b//	c/		POSIX
+relative_path /foo/a/b		/foo/a/b	./
+relative_path /foo/a/b/		/foo/a/b	./
+relative_path /foo/a		/foo/a/b	../
+relative_path /			/foo/a/b/	../../../
+relative_path /foo/a/c		/foo/a/b/	../c
+relative_path /foo/a/c		/foo/a/b	../c
+relative_path /foo/x/y		/foo/a/b/	../../x/y
+relative_path /foo/a/b		"<empty>"	/foo/a/b
+relative_path /foo/a/b 		"<null>"	/foo/a/b
+relative_path foo/a/b/c/	foo/a/b/	c/
+relative_path foo/a/b/c/	foo/a/b		c/
+relative_path foo/a/b//c	foo/a//b	c
+relative_path foo/a/b/		foo/a/b/	./
+relative_path foo/a/b/		foo/a/b		./
+relative_path foo/a		foo/a/b		../
+relative_path foo/x/y		foo/a/b		../../x/y
+relative_path foo/a/c		foo/a/b		../c
+relative_path foo/a/b		/foo/x/y	foo/a/b
+relative_path /foo/a/b		foo/x/y		/foo/a/b
+relative_path d:/a/b		D:/a/c		../b		MINGW
+relative_path C:/a/b		D:/a/c		C:/a/b		MINGW
+relative_path foo/a/b		"<empty>"	foo/a/b
+relative_path foo/a/b 		"<null>"	foo/a/b
+relative_path "<empty>"		/foo/a/b	./
+relative_path "<empty>"		"<empty>"	./
+relative_path "<empty>"		"<null>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"		"<empty>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"		"<null>"	./
+relative_path "<null>"		/foo/a/b	./
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0061-run-command.sh b/t/t0061-run-command.sh
index 8d4938f019..9acf628726 100755
--- a/t/t0061-run-command.sh
+++ b/t/t0061-run-command.sh
@@ -34,4 +34,17 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'run_command reports EACCES' '
 	grep "fatal: cannot exec.*hello.sh" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'unreadable directory in PATH' '
+	mkdir local-command &&
+	test_when_finished "chmod u+rwx local-command && rm -fr local-command" &&
+	git config alias.nitfol "!echo frotz" &&
+	chmod a-rx local-command &&
+	(
+		PATH=./local-command:$PATH &&
+		git nitfol >actual
+	) &&
+	echo frotz >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0062-revision-walking.sh b/t/t0062-revision-walking.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..113c728e67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0062-revision-walking.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Heiko Voigt
+#
+
+test_description='Test revision walking api'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >run_twice_expected <<-EOF
+1st
+ > add b
+ > add a
+2nd
+ > add b
+ > add a
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo a > a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m "add a" &&
+	echo b > b &&
+	git add b &&
+	git commit -m "add b"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'revision walking can be done twice' '
+	test-revision-walking run-twice >run_twice_actual &&
+	test_cmp run_twice_expected run_twice_actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0063-string-list.sh b/t/t0063-string-list.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..dbfc05ebdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0063-string-list.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Michael Haggerty
+#
+
+test_description='Test string list functionality'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_split () {
+	cat >expected &&
+	test_expect_success "split $1 at $2, max $3" "
+		test-string-list split '$1' '$2' '$3' >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual &&
+		test-string-list split_in_place '$1' '$2' '$3' >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	"
+}
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+3
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar"
+[2]: "baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "0" <<EOF
+1
+[0]: "foo:bar:baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "1" <<EOF
+2
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar:baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:baz" ":" "2" <<EOF
+3
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar"
+[2]: "baz"
+EOF
+
+test_split "foo:bar:" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+3
+[0]: "foo"
+[1]: "bar"
+[2]: ""
+EOF
+
+test_split "" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+1
+[0]: ""
+EOF
+
+test_split ":" ":" "-1" <<EOF
+2
+[0]: ""
+[1]: ""
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success "test filter_string_list" '
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list filter - y)" &&
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list filter no y)" &&
+	test yes = "$(test-string-list filter yes y)" &&
+	test yes = "$(test-string-list filter no:yes y)" &&
+	test yes = "$(test-string-list filter yes:no y)" &&
+	test y1:y2 = "$(test-string-list filter y1:y2 y)" &&
+	test y2:y1 = "$(test-string-list filter y2:y1 y)" &&
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list filter x1:x2 y)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "test remove_duplicates" '
+	test "x-" = "x$(test-string-list remove_duplicates -)" &&
+	test "x" = "x$(test-string-list remove_duplicates "")" &&
+	test a = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a)" &&
+	test a = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a)" &&
+	test a = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:a:a:a)" &&
+	test a:b = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b)" &&
+	test a:b = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:b)" &&
+	test a:b = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:b)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:b:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:b:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:b:c:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:b:b:c:c)" &&
+	test a:b:c = "$(test-string-list remove_duplicates a:a:a:b:b:b:c:c:c)"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0064-sha1-array.sh b/t/t0064-sha1-array.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..50b31ffe75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0064-sha1-array.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic tests for the SHA1 array implementation'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+echo20 () {
+	prefix="${1:+$1 }"
+	shift
+	while test $# -gt 0
+	do
+		echo "$prefix$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1$1"
+		shift
+	done
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'ordered enumeration' '
+	echo20 "" 44 55 88 aa >expect &&
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo for_each_unique
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ordered enumeration with duplicate suppression' '
+	echo20 "" 44 55 88 aa >expect &&
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo for_each_unique
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup' '
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 lookup 55
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -eq 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup non-existing entry' '
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 lookup 33
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -lt 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup with duplicates' '
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 lookup 55
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -ge 2 &&
+	test "$n" -le 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup non-existing entry with duplicates' '
+	{
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 append 88 44 aa 55 &&
+		echo20 lookup 66
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -lt 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup with almost duplicate values' '
+	{
+		echo "append 5555555555555555555555555555555555555555" &&
+		echo "append 555555555555555555555555555555555555555f" &&
+		echo20 lookup 55
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -eq 0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup with single duplicate value' '
+	{
+		echo20 append 55 55 &&
+		echo20 lookup 55
+	} | test-sha1-array >actual &&
+	n=$(cat actual) &&
+	test "$n" -ge 0 &&
+	test "$n" -le 1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
index 9bee8bfd2e..5ed69a6f56 100755
--- a/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
+++ b/t/t0070-fundamental.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'mktemp to nonexistent directory prints filename' '
 	grep "doesnotexist/test" err
 '
 
-test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
 	mkdir cannotwrite &&
 	chmod -w cannotwrite &&
 	test_when_finished "chmod +w cannotwrite" &&
@@ -25,4 +25,13 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'mktemp to unwritable directory prints filename' '
 	grep "cannotwrite/test" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git_mkstemps_mode does not fail if fd 0 is not open' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m message <&-
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check for a bug in the regex routines' '
+	# if this test fails, re-build git with NO_REGEX=1
+	test-regex
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0081-line-buffer.sh b/t/t0081-line-buffer.sh
index bd83ed371a..ce92e6acad 100755
--- a/t/t0081-line-buffer.sh
+++ b/t/t0081-line-buffer.sh
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ test_expect_success '0-length read, send along greeting' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'read from file descriptor' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'read from file descriptor' '
 	rm -f input &&
 	echo hello >expect &&
 	echo hello >input &&
diff --git a/t/t0090-cache-tree.sh b/t/t0090-cache-tree.sh
index 6c33e28ee8..601d02d71f 100755
--- a/t/t0090-cache-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t0090-cache-tree.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ cache-tree extension.
  . ./test-lib.sh
 
 cmp_cache_tree () {
-	test-dump-cache-tree >actual &&
+	test-dump-cache-tree | sed -e '/#(ref)/d' >actual &&
 	sed "s/$_x40/SHA/" <actual >filtered &&
 	test_cmp "$1" filtered
 }
@@ -16,15 +16,40 @@ cmp_cache_tree () {
 # We don't bother with actually checking the SHA1:
 # test-dump-cache-tree already verifies that all existing data is
 # correct.
-test_shallow_cache_tree () {
-	printf "SHA  (%d entries, 0 subtrees)\n" $(git ls-files|wc -l) >expect &&
+generate_expected_cache_tree_rec () {
+	dir="$1${1:+/}" &&
+	parent="$2" &&
+	# ls-files might have foo/bar, foo/bar/baz, and foo/bar/quux
+	# We want to count only foo because it's the only direct child
+	subtrees=$(git ls-files|grep /|cut -d / -f 1|uniq) &&
+	subtree_count=$(echo "$subtrees"|awk -v c=0 '$1 != "" {++c} END {print c}') &&
+	entries=$(git ls-files|wc -l) &&
+	printf "SHA $dir (%d entries, %d subtrees)\n" "$entries" "$subtree_count" &&
+	for subtree in $subtrees
+	do
+		cd "$subtree"
+		generate_expected_cache_tree_rec "$dir$subtree" "$dir" || return 1
+		cd ..
+	done &&
+	dir=$parent
+}
+
+generate_expected_cache_tree () {
+	(
+		generate_expected_cache_tree_rec
+	)
+}
+
+test_cache_tree () {
+	generate_expected_cache_tree >expect &&
 	cmp_cache_tree expect
 }
 
 test_invalid_cache_tree () {
-	echo "invalid                                   (0 subtrees)" >expect &&
-	printf "SHA #(ref)  (%d entries, 0 subtrees)\n" $(git ls-files|wc -l) >>expect &&
-	cmp_cache_tree expect
+	printf "invalid                                  %s ()\n" "" "$@" >expect &&
+	test-dump-cache-tree |
+	sed -n -e "s/[0-9]* subtrees//" -e '/#(ref)/d' -e '/^invalid /p' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
 test_no_cache_tree () {
@@ -32,26 +57,59 @@ test_no_cache_tree () {
 	cmp_cache_tree expect
 }
 
-test_expect_failure 'initial commit has cache-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'initial commit has cache-tree' '
 	test_commit foo &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree HEAD establishes cache-tree' '
 	git read-tree HEAD &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git-add invalidates cache-tree' '
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard; git read-tree HEAD" &&
-	echo "I changed this file" > foo &&
+	echo "I changed this file" >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	test_invalid_cache_tree
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git-add in subdir invalidates cache-tree' '
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard; git read-tree HEAD" &&
+	mkdir dirx &&
+	echo "I changed this file" >dirx/foo &&
+	git add dirx/foo &&
+	test_invalid_cache_tree
+'
+
+cat >before <<\EOF
+SHA  (3 entries, 2 subtrees)
+SHA dir1/ (1 entries, 0 subtrees)
+SHA dir2/ (1 entries, 0 subtrees)
+EOF
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+invalid                                   (2 subtrees)
+invalid                                  dir1/ (0 subtrees)
+SHA dir2/ (1 entries, 0 subtrees)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'git-add in subdir does not invalidate sibling cache-tree' '
+	git tag no-children &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard no-children; git read-tree HEAD" &&
+	mkdir dir1 dir2 &&
+	test_commit dir1/a &&
+	test_commit dir2/b &&
+	echo "I changed this file" >dir1/a &&
+	cmp_cache_tree before &&
+	echo "I changed this file" >dir1/a &&
+	git add dir1/a &&
+	cmp_cache_tree expect
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'update-index invalidates cache-tree' '
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard; git read-tree HEAD" &&
-	echo "I changed this file" > foo &&
+	echo "I changed this file" >foo &&
 	git update-index --add foo &&
 	test_invalid_cache_tree
 '
@@ -59,7 +117,7 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index invalidates cache-tree' '
 test_expect_success 'write-tree establishes cache-tree' '
 	test-scrap-cache-tree &&
 	git write-tree &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'test-scrap-cache-tree works' '
@@ -70,24 +128,94 @@ test_expect_success 'test-scrap-cache-tree works' '
 
 test_expect_success 'second commit has cache-tree' '
 	test_commit bar &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'commit --interactive gives cache-tree on partial commit' '
+	cat <<-\EOT >foo.c &&
+	int foo()
+	{
+		return 42;
+	}
+	int bar()
+	{
+		return 42;
+	}
+	EOT
+	git add foo.c &&
+	test_invalid_cache_tree &&
+	git commit -m "add a file" &&
+	test_cache_tree &&
+	cat <<-\EOT >foo.c &&
+	int foo()
+	{
+		return 43;
+	}
+	int bar()
+	{
+		return 44;
+	}
+	EOT
+	(echo p; echo 1; echo; echo s; echo n; echo y; echo q) |
+	git commit --interactive -m foo &&
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit in child dir has cache-tree' '
+	mkdir dir &&
+	>dir/child.t &&
+	git add dir/child.t &&
+	git commit -m dir/child.t &&
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset --hard gives cache-tree' '
 	test-scrap-cache-tree &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset --hard without index gives cache-tree' '
 	rm -f .git/index &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'checkout gives cache-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout gives cache-tree' '
+	git tag current &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
-	test_shallow_cache_tree
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -b gives cache-tree' '
+	git checkout current &&
+	git checkout -b prev HEAD^ &&
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout -B gives cache-tree' '
+	git checkout current &&
+	git checkout -B prev HEAD^ &&
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'partial commit gives cache-tree' '
+	git checkout -b partial no-children &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	echo "some change" >one.t &&
+	git add one.t &&
+	echo "some other change" >two.t &&
+	git commit two.t -m partial &&
+	test_cache_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no phantom error when switching trees' '
+	mkdir newdir &&
+	>newdir/one &&
+	git add newdir/one &&
+	git checkout 2>errors &&
+	! test -s errors
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0100-previous.sh b/t/t0100-previous.sh
index 315b9b3f10..e0a6940232 100755
--- a/t/t0100-previous.sh
+++ b/t/t0100-previous.sh
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}' '
 	test_commit B &&
 	git checkout A &&
 	test_commit C &&
+	test_commit D &&
 	git branch -f master B &&
 	git branch -f other &&
 	git checkout other &&
@@ -35,14 +36,24 @@ test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}' '
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'merge @{-1} when there is not enough switches yet' '
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-1}~1' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard B &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge @{-1}~1 &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "Merge branch '\''other'\''" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge @{-100} before checking out that many branches yet' '
 	git reflog expire --expire=now &&
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	git reset --hard B &&
 	git branch -f other C &&
 	git checkout other &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	test_must_fail git merge @{-12}
+	test_must_fail git merge @{-100}
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh b/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..410d5768ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110-urlmatch-normalization.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='urlmatch URL normalization'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# The base name of the test url files
+tu="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t0110/url"
+
+# Note that only file: URLs should be allowed without a host
+
+test_expect_success 'url scheme' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "_" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file:/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "x_test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "-test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "0test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "+test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization ".test://acme.co" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "schem%6e://" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "x-Test+v1.0://acme.co" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "AbCdeF://x.Y")" = "abcdef://x.y/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url authority' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://?" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://#" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme:///" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://:555" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://user:pass@" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://?" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://#" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file:///" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "file://:" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "file://:555" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@host" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://@host" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://%00@host" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://%%@host" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host_" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://user:pass@host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://@host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host?x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host#x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host/@" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host?@x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://host#@x" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[::1]" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[::1]/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://hos%41/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://[invalid....:/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:]/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:[/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "scheme://invalid....:["
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url port checks' '
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:456/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0000000" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:0000001?" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:065535#" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:65535" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:65536" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:99999" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:100000" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:100001" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@some.host:80" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://q@some.host:443" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@some.host:80/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://q@some.host:443?" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://q@:8008" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://:8080" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://:" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://q@some.host:456/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:456/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:000/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:0%300/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:0x80/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:4294967297/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "xyz://[::1]:030f/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url port normalization' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:0800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:00000800")" = "http://x:800/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:065535")" = "http://x:65535/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:1")" = "http://x:1/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:80")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:080")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "http://x:000000080")" = "http://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:443")" = "https://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:0443")" = "https://x/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "https://x:000000443")" = "https://x/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url general escapes' '
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "http://x.y?%fg" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/%7e%41^%3a")" = "x://w/~A%5E%3A" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/:/?#[]@")" = "x://w/:/?#[]@" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/$&()*+,;=")" = "x://w/$&()*+,;=" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W/'\''")" = "x://w/'\''" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "X://W?'\!'")" = "x://w/?'\!'"
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'url high-bit escapes' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-1")")" = "x://q/%01%02%03%04%05%06%07%08%0E%0F%10%11%12" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-2")")" = "x://q/%13%14%15%16%17%18%19%1B%1C%1D%1E%1F%7F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-3")")" = "x://q/%80%81%82%83%84%85%86%87%88%89%8A%8B%8C%8D%8E%8F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-4")")" = "x://q/%90%91%92%93%94%95%96%97%98%99%9A%9B%9C%9D%9E%9F" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-5")")" = "x://q/%A0%A1%A2%A3%A4%A5%A6%A7%A8%A9%AA%AB%AC%AD%AE%AF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-6")")" = "x://q/%B0%B1%B2%B3%B4%B5%B6%B7%B8%B9%BA%BB%BC%BD%BE%BF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-7")")" = "x://q/%C0%C1%C2%C3%C4%C5%C6%C7%C8%C9%CA%CB%CC%CD%CE%CF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-8")")" = "x://q/%D0%D1%D2%D3%D4%D5%D6%D7%D8%D9%DA%DB%DC%DD%DE%DF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-9")")" = "x://q/%E0%E1%E2%E3%E4%E5%E6%E7%E8%E9%EA%EB%EC%ED%EE%EF" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-10")")" = "x://q/%F0%F1%F2%F3%F4%F5%F6%F7%F8%F9%FA%FB%FC%FD%FE%FF"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url utf-8 escapes' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "$(cat "$tu-11")")" = "x://q/%C2%80%DF%BF%E0%A0%80%EF%BF%BD%F0%90%80%80%F0%AF%BF%BD"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url username/password escapes' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://%41%62(^):%70+d@foo")" = "x://Ab(%5E):p+d@foo/"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url normalized lengths' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "Http://%4d%65:%4d^%70@The.Host")" = 25 &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "http://%41:%42@x.y/%61/")" = 17 &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -l "http://@x.y/^")" = 15
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'url . and .. segments' '
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/.")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/./")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/.")" = "x://y/a" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./")" = "x://y/a/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/.?")" = "x://y/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/./?")" = "x://y/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/.?")" = "x://y/a?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./?")" = "x://y/a/?" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/.././../c")" = "x://y/c" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/../.././c/")" = "x://y/c/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./b/.././../c/././.././.")" = "x://y/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "x://y/a/./b/.././../c/././.././.." &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/./?/././..")" = "x://y/a/?/././.." &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/%2e/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/%2E/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/a/%2e./")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/b/.%2E/")" = "x://y/" &&
+	test "$(test-urlmatch-normalization -p "x://y/c/%2e%2E/")" = "x://y/"
+'
+
+# http://@foo specifies an empty user name but does not specify a password
+# http://foo  specifies neither a user name nor a password
+# So they should not be equivalent
+test_expect_success 'url equivalents' '
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "httP://x" "Http://X/" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "Http://%4d%65:%4d^%70@The.Host" "hTTP://Me:%4D^p@the.HOST:80/" &&
+	! test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^" "httpS://x.y:443/^" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^" "httpS://@x.y:0443/^" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^/../abc" "httpS://@x.y:0443/abc" &&
+	test-urlmatch-normalization "https://@x.y/^/.." "httpS://@x.y:0443/"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t0110/README b/t/t0110/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad4a50ecd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/README
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+The url data files in this directory contain URLs with characters
+in the range 0x01-0x1f and 0x7f-0xff to test the proper normalization
+of unprintable characters.
+
+A select few characters in the 0x01-0x1f range are skipped to help
+avoid problems running the test itself.
+
+The urls are in test files in this directory rather than being
+embedded in the test script for portability.
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-1 b/t/t0110/url-1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..519019c5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/

diff --git a/t/t0110/url-10 b/t/t0110/url-10
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9965de6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-10
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/����������������
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-11 b/t/t0110/url-11
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f0a50f1009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-11
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/€߿ࠀ�𐀀𯿽
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-2 b/t/t0110/url-2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..43334b05b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-2
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-3 b/t/t0110/url-3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7378c7bec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/����������������
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-4 b/t/t0110/url-4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..220b198c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-4
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/����������������
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-5 b/t/t0110/url-5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ccd927779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-5
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/����������������
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-6 b/t/t0110/url-6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8283aac6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-6
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/����������������
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-7 b/t/t0110/url-7
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa7c10b615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-7
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/����������������
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-8 b/t/t0110/url-8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79a0ba836f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/����������������
diff --git a/t/t0110/url-9 b/t/t0110/url-9
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b44bec48b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t0110/url-9
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+x://q/����������������
diff --git a/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh b/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh
index 52b1c27c2c..90da1c7ddc 100755
--- a/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh
+++ b/t/t0201-gettext-fallbacks.sh
@@ -50,17 +50,17 @@ test_expect_success 'eval_gettext: our eval_gettext() fallback can interpolate v
 
 test_expect_success 'eval_gettext: our eval_gettext() fallback can interpolate variables with spaces' '
     cmdline="git am" &&
-    export cmdline;
-    printf "When you have resolved this problem run git am --resolved." >expect &&
-    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem run \$cmdline --resolved." >actual
+    export cmdline &&
+    printf "When you have resolved this problem, run git am --resolved." >expect &&
+    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem, run \$cmdline --resolved." >actual &&
     test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'eval_gettext: our eval_gettext() fallback can interpolate variables with spaces and quotes' '
     cmdline="git am" &&
-    export cmdline;
-    printf "When you have resolved this problem run \"git am --resolved\"." >expect &&
-    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem run \"\$cmdline --resolved\"." >actual
+    export cmdline &&
+    printf "When you have resolved this problem, run \"git am --resolved\"." >expect &&
+    eval_gettext "When you have resolved this problem, run \"\$cmdline --resolved\"." >actual &&
     test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh b/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh
index 428ebb0080..a29d166e00 100755
--- a/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh
+++ b/t/t0202-gettext-perl.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
 	test_done
 fi
 
-"$PERL_PATH" -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
+perl -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
 	skip_all="Perl Test::More unavailable, skipping test"
 	test_done
 }
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ test_external_has_tap=1
 
 test_external_without_stderr \
     'Perl Git::I18N API' \
-    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t0202/test.pl
+    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t0202/test.pl
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0202/test.pl b/t/t0202/test.pl
index 2c10cb4693..2c10cb4693 100644..100755
--- a/t/t0202/test.pl
+++ b/t/t0202/test.pl
diff --git a/t/t0204-gettext-reencode-sanity.sh b/t/t0204-gettext-reencode-sanity.sh
index 189af90c02..8437e51eb5 100755
--- a/t/t0204-gettext-reencode-sanity.sh
+++ b/t/t0204-gettext-reencode-sanity.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ test_description="Gettext reencoding of our *.po/*.mo files works"
 
 . ./lib-gettext.sh
 
+# The constants used in a tricky observation for undefined behaviour
+RUNES="TILRAUN: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ"
+PUNTS="TILRAUN: ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????"
+MSGKEY="TEST: Old English Runes"
 
 test_expect_success GETTEXT_LOCALE 'gettext: Emitting UTF-8 from our UTF-8 *.mo files / Icelandic' '
     printf "TILRAUN: Halló Heimur!" >expect &&
@@ -15,8 +19,8 @@ test_expect_success GETTEXT_LOCALE 'gettext: Emitting UTF-8 from our UTF-8 *.mo
 '
 
 test_expect_success GETTEXT_LOCALE 'gettext: Emitting UTF-8 from our UTF-8 *.mo files / Runes' '
-    printf "TILRAUN: ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ" >expect &&
-    LANGUAGE=is LC_ALL="$is_IS_locale" gettext "TEST: Old English Runes" >actual &&
+    printf "%s" "$RUNES" >expect &&
+    LANGUAGE=is LC_ALL="$is_IS_locale" gettext "$MSGKEY" >actual &&
     test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -26,18 +30,23 @@ test_expect_success GETTEXT_ISO_LOCALE 'gettext: Emitting ISO-8859-1 from our UT
     test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success GETTEXT_ISO_LOCALE 'gettext: Emitting ISO-8859-1 from our UTF-8 *.mo files / Runes' '
-    LANGUAGE=is LC_ALL="$is_IS_iso_locale" gettext "TEST: Old English Runes" >runes &&
-
-	if grep "^TEST: Old English Runes$" runes
-	then
-		say "Your system can not handle this complexity and returns the string as-is"
-	else
-		# Both Solaris and GNU libintl will return this stream of
-		# question marks, so it is s probably portable enough
-		printf "TILRAUN: ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????" >runes-expect &&
-		test_cmp runes-expect runes
-	fi
+test_expect_success GETTEXT_ISO_LOCALE 'gettext: impossible ISO-8859-1 output' '
+	LANGUAGE=is LC_ALL="$is_IS_iso_locale" gettext "$MSGKEY" >runes &&
+	case "$(cat runes)" in
+	"$MSGKEY")
+		say "Your system gives back the key to message catalog"
+		;;
+	"$PUNTS")
+		say "Your system replaces an impossible character with ?"
+		;;
+	"$RUNES")
+		say "Your system gives back the raw message for an impossible request"
+		;;
+	*)
+		say "We never saw the error behaviour your system exhibits"
+		false
+		;;
+	esac
 '
 
 test_expect_success GETTEXT_LOCALE 'gettext: Fetching a UTF-8 msgid -> UTF-8' '
diff --git a/t/t0300-credentials.sh b/t/t0300-credentials.sh
index 20e28e34e7..d7ef44b4a2 100755
--- a/t/t0300-credentials.sh
+++ b/t/t0300-credentials.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ test_description='basic credential helper tests'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup helper scripts' '
 	cat >dump <<-\EOF &&
-	whoami=`echo $0 | sed s/.*git-credential-//`
+	whoami=$(echo $0 | sed s/.*git-credential-//)
 	echo >&2 "$whoami: $*"
 	OIFS=$IFS
 	IFS==
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ test_expect_success 'credential_fill passes along metadata' '
 	host=example.com
 	path=foo.git
 	--
+	protocol=ftp
+	host=example.com
+	path=foo.git
 	username=one
 	password=two
 	--
@@ -213,6 +216,8 @@ test_expect_success 'match configured credential' '
 	host=example.com
 	path=repo.git
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
 	username=foo
 	password=bar
 	--
@@ -225,6 +230,8 @@ test_expect_success 'do not match configured credential' '
 	protocol=https
 	host=bar
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=bar
 	username=askpass-username
 	password=askpass-password
 	--
@@ -239,6 +246,8 @@ test_expect_success 'pull username from config' '
 	protocol=https
 	host=example.com
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
 	username=foo
 	password=askpass-password
 	--
@@ -252,6 +261,8 @@ test_expect_success 'http paths can be part of context' '
 	host=example.com
 	path=foo.git
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
 	username=foo
 	password=bar
 	--
@@ -265,6 +276,9 @@ test_expect_success 'http paths can be part of context' '
 	host=example.com
 	path=foo.git
 	--
+	protocol=https
+	host=example.com
+	path=foo.git
 	username=foo
 	password=bar
 	--
@@ -275,4 +289,13 @@ test_expect_success 'http paths can be part of context' '
 	EOF
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'helpers can abort the process' '
+	test_must_fail git \
+		-c credential.helper="!f() { echo quit=1; }; f" \
+		-c credential.helper="verbatim foo bar" \
+		credential fill >stdout &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect stdout
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t0303-credential-external.sh b/t/t0303-credential-external.sh
index 267f4c8ba3..f028fd1418 100755
--- a/t/t0303-credential-external.sh
+++ b/t/t0303-credential-external.sh
@@ -1,39 +1,60 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='external credential helper tests'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-credential.sh
+test_description='external credential helper tests
 
-pre_test() {
-	test -z "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_SETUP" ||
-	eval "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_SETUP"
+This is a tool for authors of external helper tools to sanity-check
+their helpers. If you have written the "git-credential-foo" helper,
+you check it with:
+
+  make GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER=foo t0303-credential-external.sh
+
+This assumes that your helper is capable of both storing and
+retrieving credentials (some helpers may be read-only, and they will
+fail these tests).
+
+Please note that the individual tests do not verify all of the
+preconditions themselves, but rather build on each other. A failing
+test means that tests later in the sequence can return false "OK"
+results.
+
+If your helper supports time-based expiration with a configurable
+timeout, you can test that feature with:
+
+  make GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER=foo \
+       GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_TIMEOUT="foo --timeout=1" \
+       t0303-credential-external.sh
 
-	# clean before the test in case there is cruft left
-	# over from a previous run that would impact results
-	helper_test_clean "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
-}
+If your helper requires additional setup before the tests are started,
+you can set GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_SETUP to a sequence of shell
+commands.
+'
 
-post_test() {
-	# clean afterwards so that we are good citizens
-	# and don't leave cruft in the helper's storage, which
-	# might be long-term system storage
-	helper_test_clean "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
-}
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-credential.sh
 
 if test -z "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"; then
-	say "# skipping external helper tests (set GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER)"
-else
-	pre_test
-	helper_test "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
-	post_test
+	skip_all="used to test external credential helpers"
+	test_done
 fi
 
+test -z "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_SETUP" ||
+	eval "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_SETUP"
+
+# clean before the test in case there is cruft left
+# over from a previous run that would impact results
+helper_test_clean "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
+
+helper_test "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
+
 if test -z "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_TIMEOUT"; then
-	say "# skipping external helper timeout tests"
+	say "# skipping timeout tests (GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_TIMEOUT not set)"
 else
-	pre_test
 	helper_test_timeout "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER_TIMEOUT"
-	post_test
 fi
 
+# clean afterwards so that we are good citizens
+# and don't leave cruft in the helper's storage, which
+# might be long-term system storage
+helper_test_clean "$GIT_TEST_CREDENTIAL_HELPER"
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh b/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
index babcdd2343..a0b79b4839 100755
--- a/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
+++ b/t/t1000-read-tree-m-3way.sh
@@ -519,10 +519,10 @@ test_expect_success \
     'rm -f .git/index F16 &&
     echo F16 >F16 &&
     git update-index --add F16 &&
-    tree0=`git write-tree` &&
+    tree0=$(git write-tree) &&
     echo E16 >F16 &&
     git update-index F16 &&
-    tree1=`git write-tree` &&
+    tree1=$(git write-tree) &&
     read_tree_must_succeed -m $tree0 $tree1 $tree1 $tree0 &&
     git ls-files --stage'
 
diff --git a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
index acaab07fac..db1b6f5cf4 100755
--- a/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
+++ b/t/t1001-read-tree-m-2way.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ In the test, these paths are used:
         frotz   - not in H added in M
         nitfol  - in H, stays in M unmodified
         rezrov  - in H, deleted in M
-        yomin   - not in H nor M
+	yomin   - not in H or M
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-read-tree.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ compare_change () {
 }
 
 check_cache_at () {
-	clean_if_empty=`git diff-files -- "$1"`
+	clean_if_empty=$(git diff-files -- "$1")
 	case "$clean_if_empty" in
 	'')  echo "$1: clean" ;;
 	?*)  echo "$1: dirty" ;;
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ test_expect_success \
      echo rezrov >rezrov &&
      echo yomin >yomin &&
      git update-index --add nitfol bozbar rezrov &&
-     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeH $treeH &&
      git ls-tree $treeH &&
 
      cat bozbar-new >bozbar &&
      git update-index --add frotz bozbar --force-remove rezrov &&
      git ls-files --stage >M.out &&
-     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeM $treeM &&
      git ls-tree $treeM &&
      git diff-tree $treeH $treeM'
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ test_expect_success \
     'rm -f .git/index &&
      echo DF >DF &&
      git update-index --add DF &&
-     treeDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeDF=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeDF $treeDF &&
      git ls-tree $treeDF &&
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      mkdir DF &&
      echo DF/DF >DF/DF &&
      git update-index --add --remove DF DF/DF &&
-     treeDFDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeDFDF=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeDFDF $treeDFDF &&
      git ls-tree $treeDFDF &&
      git ls-files --stage >DFDF.out'
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ test_expect_success \
     'rm -f .git/index &&
      : >a &&
      git update-index --add a &&
-     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeM $treeM &&
      git ls-tree $treeM &&
      git ls-files --stage >treeM.out &&
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      git update-index --remove a &&
      mkdir a &&
      : >a/b &&
-     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeH $treeH &&
      git ls-tree $treeH'
 
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      mkdir c &&
      : >c/d &&
      git update-index --add a c/d &&
-     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeM $treeM &&
      git ls-tree $treeM &&
      git ls-files --stage >treeM.out &&
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      mkdir a &&
      : >a/b &&
      git update-index --add --remove a a/b &&
-     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeH $treeH &&
      git ls-tree $treeH'
 
diff --git a/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh b/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
index a847709a13..e3bf821694 100755
--- a/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
+++ b/t/t1002-read-tree-m-u-2way.sh
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ compare_change () {
 }
 
 check_cache_at () {
-	clean_if_empty=`git diff-files -- "$1"`
+	clean_if_empty=$(git diff-files -- "$1")
 	case "$clean_if_empty" in
 	'')  echo "$1: clean" ;;
 	?*)  echo "$1: dirty" ;;
@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ test_expect_success \
      echo bozbar >bozbar &&
      echo rezrov >rezrov &&
      git update-index --add nitfol bozbar rezrov &&
-     treeH=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeH=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeH $treeH &&
      git ls-tree $treeH &&
 
      echo gnusto >bozbar &&
      git update-index --add frotz bozbar --force-remove rezrov &&
      git ls-files --stage >M.out &&
-     treeM=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeM=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeM $treeM &&
      git ls-tree $treeM &&
      sum bozbar frotz nitfol >M.sum &&
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ test_expect_success \
      echo yomin >yomin &&
      git update-index --add yomin &&
      read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
-     git ls-files --stage >4.out || return 1
-     git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 4.out >4diff.out
+     git ls-files --stage >4.out &&
+     test_might_fail git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 4.out >4diff.out &&
      compare_change 4diff.out expected &&
      check_cache_at yomin clean &&
      sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual4.sum &&
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ test_expect_success \
      git update-index --add yomin &&
      echo yomin yomin >yomin &&
      read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u $treeH $treeM &&
-     git ls-files --stage >5.out || return 1
-     git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 5.out >5diff.out
+     git ls-files --stage >5.out &&
+     test_might_fail git diff -U0 --no-index M.out 5.out >5diff.out &&
      compare_change 5diff.out expected &&
      check_cache_at yomin dirty &&
      sum bozbar frotz nitfol >actual5.sum &&
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ test_expect_success \
     'rm -f .git/index &&
      echo DF >DF &&
      git update-index --add DF &&
-     treeDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeDF=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeDF $treeDF &&
      git ls-tree $treeDF &&
 
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      mkdir DF &&
      echo DF/DF >DF/DF &&
      git update-index --add --remove DF DF/DF &&
-     treeDFDF=`git write-tree` &&
+     treeDFDF=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo treeDFDF $treeDFDF &&
      git ls-tree $treeDFDF &&
      git ls-files --stage >DFDF.out'
diff --git a/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh b/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
index 8c6d67edda..b6111cd150 100755
--- a/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
+++ b/t/t1003-read-tree-prefix.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='git read-tree --prefix test.
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo hello >one &&
 	git update-index --add one &&
-	tree=`git write-tree` &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo tree is $tree
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
index b3ae7d52c6..c70cf42300 100755
--- a/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
+++ b/t/t1004-read-tree-m-u-wf.sh
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ test_expect_success 'two-way not clobbering' '
 
 	echo >file2 master creates untracked file2 &&
 	echo >subdir/file2 master creates untracked subdir/file2 &&
-	if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u master side 2>&1`
+	if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u master side 2>&1)
 	then
 		echo should have complained
 		false
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ echo file2 >.gitignore
 
 test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (1)' '
 
-	if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1`
+	if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1)
 	then
 		echo should have complained
 		false
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (1)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'two-way with incorrect --exclude-per-directory (2)' '
 
-	if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u --exclude-per-directory=foo --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1`
+	if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u --exclude-per-directory=foo --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore master side 2>&1)
 	then
 		echo should have complained
 		false
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ test_expect_success 'three-way not clobbering a working tree file' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	echo >file3 file three created in master, untracked &&
 	echo >subdir/file3 file three created in master, untracked &&
-	if err=`read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u branch-point master side 2>&1`
+	if err=$(read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u branch-point master side 2>&1)
 	then
 		echo should have complained
 		false
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ test_expect_success '3-way not overwriting local changes (their side)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'funny symlink in work tree' '
+test_expect_success 'funny symlink in work tree' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout -b sym-b side-b &&
@@ -170,15 +170,14 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'funny symlink in work tree' '
 	rm -fr a &&
 	git checkout -b sym-a side-a &&
 	mkdir -p a &&
-	ln -s ../b a/b &&
-	git add a/b &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../b a/b &&
 	git commit -m "we add a/b" &&
 
 	read_tree_u_must_succeed -m -u sym-a sym-a sym-b
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS,SANITY 'funny symlink in work tree, un-unlink-able' '
+test_expect_success SANITY 'funny symlink in work tree, un-unlink-able' '
 
 	rm -fr a b &&
 	git reset --hard &&
diff --git a/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh b/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
index f53de79e56..074568500a 100755
--- a/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t1005-read-tree-reset.sh
@@ -8,84 +8,99 @@ test_description='read-tree -u --reset'
 # two-tree test
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-  git init &&
-  mkdir df &&
-  echo content >df/file &&
-  git add df/file &&
-  git commit -m one &&
-  git ls-files >expect &&
-  rm -rf df &&
-  echo content >df &&
-  git add df &&
-  echo content >new &&
-  git add new &&
-  git commit -m two
+	git init &&
+	mkdir df &&
+	echo content >df/file &&
+	git add df/file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	git ls-files >expect &&
+	rm -rf df &&
+	echo content >df &&
+	git add df &&
+	echo content >new &&
+	git add new &&
+	git commit -m two
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset should work' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed -u --reset HEAD^ &&
-  git ls-files >actual &&
-  test_cmp expect actual
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed -u --reset HEAD^ &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset should remove remnants from a failed merge' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-way reset should remove remnants too' '
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Porcelain reset should remove remnants too' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  git reset --hard &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Porcelain checkout -f should remove remnants too' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  git checkout -f &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	git checkout -f &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Porcelain checkout -f HEAD should remove remnants too' '
-  read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >expect &&
-  sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
-  (
-	echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
-	echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
-  ) | git update-index --index-info &&
-  >old &&
-  git ls-files -s &&
-  git checkout -f HEAD &&
-  git ls-files -s >actual &&
-  ! test -f old
+	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse :new) &&
+	(
+		echo "100644 $sha1 1	old"
+		echo "100644 $sha1 3	old"
+	) | git update-index --index-info &&
+	>old &&
+	git ls-files -s &&
+	git checkout -f HEAD &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual &&
+	! test -f old
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
index d8b7f2ffbc..ab36b1eb72 100755
--- a/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
+++ b/t/t1006-cat-file.sh
@@ -36,66 +36,76 @@ $content"
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Type of $type is correct" '
-        test $type = "$(git cat-file -t $sha1)"
+	echo $type >expect &&
+	git cat-file -t $sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Size of $type is correct" '
-        test $size = "$(git cat-file -s $sha1)"
+	echo $size >expect &&
+	git cat-file -s $sha1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test -z "$content" ||
     test_expect_success "Content of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file $type $sha1)" $no_ts)"
-
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file $type $sha1)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "Pretty content of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$pretty_content" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file -p $sha1)" $no_ts)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$pretty_content" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(git cat-file -p $sha1)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test -z "$content" ||
     test_expect_success "--batch output of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$batch_output" $no_ts)"
-	actual="$(maybe_remove_timestamp "$(echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch)" $no_ts)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$batch_output" $no_ts >expect &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 
     test_expect_success "--batch-check output of $type is correct" '
-	expect="$sha1 $type $size"
-	actual="$(echo_without_newline $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check)"
-        if test "z$expect" = "z$actual"
-	then
-		: happy
-	else
-		echo "Oops: expected $expect"
-		echo "but got $actual"
-		false
-        fi
+	echo "$sha1 $type $size" >expect &&
+	echo_without_newline $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success "custom --batch-check format" '
+	echo "$type $sha1" >expect &&
+	echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch-check="%(objecttype) %(objectname)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test_expect_success '--batch-check with %(rest)' '
+	echo "$type this is some extra content" >expect &&
+	echo "$sha1    this is some extra content" |
+		git cat-file --batch-check="%(objecttype) %(rest)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test -z "$content" ||
+    test_expect_success "--batch without type ($type)" '
+	{
+		echo "$size" &&
+		maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts
+	} >expect &&
+	echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch="%(objectsize)" >actual.full &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(cat actual.full)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+    '
+
+    test -z "$content" ||
+    test_expect_success "--batch without size ($type)" '
+	{
+		echo "$type" &&
+		maybe_remove_timestamp "$content" $no_ts
+	} >expect &&
+	echo $sha1 | git cat-file --batch="%(objecttype)" >actual.full &&
+	maybe_remove_timestamp "$(cat actual.full)" $no_ts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
     '
 }
 
@@ -110,15 +120,23 @@ test_expect_success "setup" '
 
 run_tests 'blob' $hello_sha1 $hello_size "$hello_content" "$hello_content"
 
+test_expect_success '--batch-check without %(rest) considers whole line' '
+	echo "$hello_sha1 blob $hello_size" >expect &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $hello_sha1 "white space" &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-index --remove \"white space\"" &&
+	echo ":white space" | git cat-file --batch-check >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 tree_sha1=$(git write-tree)
 tree_size=33
 tree_pretty_content="100644 blob $hello_sha1	hello"
 
 run_tests 'tree' $tree_sha1 $tree_size "" "$tree_pretty_content"
 
-commit_message="Intial commit"
+commit_message="Initial commit"
 commit_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$commit_message" | git commit-tree $tree_sha1)
-commit_size=176
+commit_size=177
 commit_content="tree $tree_sha1
 author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
 committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 0000000000 +0000
@@ -135,14 +153,11 @@ tag_description="This is a tag"
 tag_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp 0000000000 +0000
 
 $tag_description"
-tag_pretty_content="$tag_header_without_timestamp Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000
-
-$tag_description"
 
 tag_sha1=$(echo_without_newline "$tag_content" | git mktag)
 tag_size=$(strlen "$tag_content")
 
-run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_pretty_content" 1
+run_tests 'tag' $tag_sha1 $tag_size "$tag_content" "$tag_content" 1
 
 test_expect_success \
     "Reach a blob from a tag pointing to it" \
@@ -201,6 +216,12 @@ test_expect_success "--batch-check for an emtpy line" '
     test " missing" = "$(echo | git cat-file --batch-check)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'empty --batch-check notices missing object' '
+	echo "$_z40 missing" >expect &&
+	echo "$_z40" | git cat-file --batch-check="" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 batch_input="$hello_sha1
 $commit_sha1
 $tag_sha1
@@ -241,4 +262,38 @@ test_expect_success "--batch-check with multiple sha1s gives correct format" '
     "$(echo_without_newline "$batch_check_input" | git cat-file --batch-check)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup blobs which are likely to delta' '
+	test-genrandom foo 10240 >foo &&
+	{ cat foo; echo plus; } >foo-plus &&
+	git add foo foo-plus &&
+	git commit -m foo &&
+	cat >blobs <<-\EOF
+	HEAD:foo
+	HEAD:foo-plus
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'confirm that neither loose blob is a delta' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	$_z40
+	$_z40
+	EOF
+	git cat-file --batch-check="%(deltabase)" <blobs >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# To avoid relying too much on the current delta heuristics,
+# we will check only that one of the two objects is a delta
+# against the other, but not the order. We can do so by just
+# asking for the base of both, and checking whether either
+# sha1 appears in the output.
+test_expect_success '%(deltabase) reports packed delta bases' '
+	git repack -ad &&
+	git cat-file --batch-check="%(deltabase)" <blobs >actual &&
+	{
+		grep "$(git rev-parse HEAD:foo)" actual ||
+		grep "$(git rev-parse HEAD:foo-plus)" actual
+	}
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
index 5c0053a20b..0c74beedd2 100755
--- a/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
+++ b/t/t1011-read-tree-sparse-checkout.sh
@@ -250,4 +250,28 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout without --ignore-skip-worktree-bits' '
+	echo "*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	echo sub >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout &&
+	echo modified >> sub/added &&
+	git checkout . &&
+	test_path_is_missing init.t &&
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout with --ignore-skip-worktree-bits' '
+	echo "*" >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout -f top &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	echo sub >.git/info/sparse-checkout &&
+	git checkout &&
+	echo modified >> sub/added &&
+	git checkout --ignore-skip-worktree-bits . &&
+	test_path_is_file init.t &&
+	git diff --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1013-loose-object-format.sh b/t/t1013-loose-object-format.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index fbf5f2fc00..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013-loose-object-format.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2011 Roberto Tyley
-#
-
-test_description='Correctly identify and parse loose object headers
-
-There are two file formats for loose objects - the original standard
-format, and the experimental format introduced with Git v1.4.3, later
-deprecated with v1.5.3. Although Git no longer writes the
-experimental format, objects in both formats must be read, with the
-format for a given file being determined by the header.
-
-Detecting file format based on header is not entirely trivial, not
-least because the first byte of a zlib-deflated stream will vary
-depending on how much memory was allocated for the deflation window
-buffer when the object was written out (for example 4KB on Android,
-rather that 32KB on a normal PC).
-
-The loose objects used as test vectors have been generated with the
-following Git versions:
-
-standard format: Git v1.7.4.1
-experimental format: Git v1.4.3 (legacyheaders=false)
-standard format, deflated with 4KB window size: Agit/JGit on Android
-'
-
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-assert_blob_equals() {
-	printf "%s" "$2" >expected &&
-	git cat-file -p "$1" >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-}
-
-test_expect_success setup '
-	cp -R "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t1013/objects" .git/ &&
-	git --version
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'read standard-format loose objects' '
-	git cat-file tag 8d4e360d6c70fbd72411991c02a09c442cf7a9fa &&
-	git cat-file commit 6baee0540ea990d9761a3eb9ab183003a71c3696 &&
-	git ls-tree 7a37b887a73791d12d26c0d3e39568a8fb0fa6e8 &&
-	assert_blob_equals "257cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99" "foo$LF"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'read experimental-format loose objects' '
-	git cat-file tag 76e7fa9941f4d5f97f64fea65a2cba436bc79cbb &&
-	git cat-file commit 7875c6237d3fcdd0ac2f0decc7d3fa6a50b66c09 &&
-	git ls-tree 95b1625de3ba8b2214d1e0d0591138aea733f64f &&
-	assert_blob_equals "2e65efe2a145dda7ee51d1741299f848e5bf752e" "a" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "9ae9e86b7bd6cb1472d9373702d8249973da0832" "ab" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730" "abcd" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "1656f9233d999f61ef23ef390b9c71d75399f435" "abcdefgh" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "1e72a6b2c4a577ab0338860fa9fe87f761fc9bbd" "abcdefghi" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "70e6a83d8dcb26fc8bc0cf702e2ddeb6adca18fd" "abcdefghijklmnop" &&
-	assert_blob_equals "bd15045f6ce8ff75747562173640456a394412c8" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'read standard-format objects deflated with smaller window buffer' '
-	git cat-file tag f816d5255855ac160652ee5253b06cd8ee14165a &&
-	git cat-file tag 149cedb5c46929d18e0f118e9fa31927487af3b6
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t1013-read-tree-submodule.sh b/t/t1013-read-tree-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..20526aed34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1013-read-tree-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='read-tree can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+test_submodule_switch "git read-tree -u -m"
+
+test_submodule_forced_switch "git read-tree -u --reset"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/14/9cedb5c46929d18e0f118e9fa31927487af3b6 b/t/t1013/objects/14/9cedb5c46929d18e0f118e9fa31927487af3b6
deleted file mode 100644
index 472fd1458e..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/14/9cedb5c46929d18e0f118e9fa31927487af3b6
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/16/56f9233d999f61ef23ef390b9c71d75399f435 b/t/t1013/objects/16/56f9233d999f61ef23ef390b9c71d75399f435
deleted file mode 100644
index c379d74ae2..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/16/56f9233d999f61ef23ef390b9c71d75399f435
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/1e/72a6b2c4a577ab0338860fa9fe87f761fc9bbd b/t/t1013/objects/1e/72a6b2c4a577ab0338860fa9fe87f761fc9bbd
deleted file mode 100644
index 93706305bc..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/1e/72a6b2c4a577ab0338860fa9fe87f761fc9bbd
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/25/7cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99 b/t/t1013/objects/25/7cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99
deleted file mode 100644
index bdcf704c9e..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/25/7cc5642cb1a054f08cc83f2d943e56fd3ebe99
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/2e/65efe2a145dda7ee51d1741299f848e5bf752e b/t/t1013/objects/2e/65efe2a145dda7ee51d1741299f848e5bf752e
deleted file mode 100644
index ad62c43e41..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/2e/65efe2a145dda7ee51d1741299f848e5bf752e
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/6b/aee0540ea990d9761a3eb9ab183003a71c3696 b/t/t1013/objects/6b/aee0540ea990d9761a3eb9ab183003a71c3696
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d2f0337db..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/6b/aee0540ea990d9761a3eb9ab183003a71c3696
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/70/e6a83d8dcb26fc8bc0cf702e2ddeb6adca18fd b/t/t1013/objects/70/e6a83d8dcb26fc8bc0cf702e2ddeb6adca18fd
deleted file mode 100644
index b3f71a6ee5..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/70/e6a83d8dcb26fc8bc0cf702e2ddeb6adca18fd
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/76/e7fa9941f4d5f97f64fea65a2cba436bc79cbb b/t/t1013/objects/76/e7fa9941f4d5f97f64fea65a2cba436bc79cbb
deleted file mode 100644
index af4e9a7b0c..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/76/e7fa9941f4d5f97f64fea65a2cba436bc79cbb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-�x�%�A�0@�}O1{cSZ(��ν��th���Z��ޠ��?
�m�6d�i��9��G�h�ب�ZR'Q���R������p���qL9��=g���sI�oop���eϫ_1����$��*Si��NwpP�RB�����
-��[(�d-���L9�
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/78/75c6237d3fcdd0ac2f0decc7d3fa6a50b66c09 b/t/t1013/objects/78/75c6237d3fcdd0ac2f0decc7d3fa6a50b66c09
deleted file mode 100644
index 3dd28be5c6..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/78/75c6237d3fcdd0ac2f0decc7d3fa6a50b66c09
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/7a/37b887a73791d12d26c0d3e39568a8fb0fa6e8 b/t/t1013/objects/7a/37b887a73791d12d26c0d3e39568a8fb0fa6e8
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b97b264c3..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/7a/37b887a73791d12d26c0d3e39568a8fb0fa6e8
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/85/df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 b/t/t1013/objects/85/df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730
deleted file mode 100644
index 6dff746876..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/85/df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/8d/4e360d6c70fbd72411991c02a09c442cf7a9fa b/t/t1013/objects/8d/4e360d6c70fbd72411991c02a09c442cf7a9fa
deleted file mode 100644
index cb41e92d07..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/8d/4e360d6c70fbd72411991c02a09c442cf7a9fa
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/95/b1625de3ba8b2214d1e0d0591138aea733f64f b/t/t1013/objects/95/b1625de3ba8b2214d1e0d0591138aea733f64f
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ac46b4f70..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/95/b1625de3ba8b2214d1e0d0591138aea733f64f
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/9a/e9e86b7bd6cb1472d9373702d8249973da0832 b/t/t1013/objects/9a/e9e86b7bd6cb1472d9373702d8249973da0832
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d8316d4e5..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/9a/e9e86b7bd6cb1472d9373702d8249973da0832
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/bd/15045f6ce8ff75747562173640456a394412c8 b/t/t1013/objects/bd/15045f6ce8ff75747562173640456a394412c8
deleted file mode 100644
index eebf23956e..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/bd/15045f6ce8ff75747562173640456a394412c8
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/e6/9de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 b/t/t1013/objects/e6/9de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
deleted file mode 100644
index 134cf19379..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/e6/9de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/t/t1013/objects/f8/16d5255855ac160652ee5253b06cd8ee14165a b/t/t1013/objects/f8/16d5255855ac160652ee5253b06cd8ee14165a
deleted file mode 100644
index 26b75aec56..0000000000
--- a/t/t1013/objects/f8/16d5255855ac160652ee5253b06cd8ee14165a
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-H����0�a�{��
I�e&��*��
G��^�����D�҆wU�җ�S�4������ ,f�[��VAۺ��x���6[wtG�Lu�?������@�"g�{�+by�%M
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/t/t1014-read-tree-confusing.sh b/t/t1014-read-tree-confusing.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2f5a25d503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1014-read-tree-confusing.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check that read-tree rejects confusing paths'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create base tree' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	blob=$(git rev-parse HEAD:file) &&
+	tree=$(git rev-parse HEAD^{tree})
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enable core.protectHFS for rejection tests' '
+	git config core.protectHFS true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enable core.protectNTFS for rejection tests' '
+	git config core.protectNTFS true
+'
+
+while read path pretty; do
+	: ${pretty:=$path}
+	case "$path" in
+	*SPACE)
+		path="${path%SPACE} "
+		;;
+	esac
+	test_expect_success "reject $pretty at end of path" '
+		printf "100644 blob %s\t%s" "$blob" "$path" >tree &&
+		bogus=$(git mktree <tree) &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree $bogus
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "reject $pretty as subtree" '
+		printf "040000 tree %s\t%s" "$tree" "$path" >tree &&
+		bogus=$(git mktree <tree) &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree $bogus
+	'
+done <<-EOF
+.
+..
+.git
+.GIT
+${u200c}.Git {u200c}.Git
+.gI${u200c}T .gI{u200c}T
+.GiT${u200c} .GiT{u200c}
+git~1
+.git.SPACE .git.{space}
+.\\\\.GIT\\\\foobar backslashes
+.git\\\\foobar backslashes2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'utf-8 paths allowed with core.protectHFS off' '
+	test_when_finished "git read-tree HEAD" &&
+	test_config core.protectHFS false &&
+	printf "100644 blob %s\t%s" "$blob" ".gi${u200c}t" >tree &&
+	ok=$(git mktree <tree) &&
+	git read-tree $ok
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
index e23ac0e69d..2edb4f2de5 100755
--- a/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
+++ b/t/t1020-subdirectory.sh
@@ -20,27 +20,27 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 test_expect_success 'update-index and ls-files' '
 	git update-index --add one &&
-	case "`git ls-files`" in
+	case "$(git ls-files)" in
 	one) echo pass one ;;
 	*) echo bad one; exit 1 ;;
 	esac &&
 	(
 		cd dir &&
 		git update-index --add two &&
-		case "`git ls-files`" in
+		case "$(git ls-files)" in
 		two) echo pass two ;;
 		*) echo bad two; exit 1 ;;
 		esac
 	) &&
-	case "`git ls-files`" in
+	case "$(git ls-files)" in
 	dir/two"$LF"one) echo pass both ;;
 	*) echo bad; exit 1 ;;
 	esac
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cat-file' '
-	two=`git ls-files -s dir/two` &&
-	two=`expr "$two" : "[0-7]* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)"` &&
+	two=$(git ls-files -s dir/two) &&
+	two=$(expr "$two" : "[0-7]* \\([0-9a-f]*\\)") &&
 	echo "$two" &&
 	git cat-file -p "$two" >actual &&
 	cmp dir/two actual &&
@@ -55,18 +55,18 @@ rm -f actual dir/actual
 test_expect_success 'diff-files' '
 	echo a >>one &&
 	echo d >>dir/two &&
-	case "`git diff-files --name-only`" in
+	case "$(git diff-files --name-only)" in
 	dir/two"$LF"one) echo pass top ;;
 	*) echo bad top; exit 1 ;;
 	esac &&
 	# diff should not omit leading paths
 	(
 		cd dir &&
-		case "`git diff-files --name-only`" in
+		case "$(git diff-files --name-only)" in
 		dir/two"$LF"one) echo pass subdir ;;
 		*) echo bad subdir; exit 1 ;;
 		esac &&
-		case "`git diff-files --name-only .`" in
+		case "$(git diff-files --name-only .)" in
 		dir/two) echo pass subdir limited ;;
 		*) echo bad subdir limited; exit 1 ;;
 		esac
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-files' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'write-tree' '
-	top=`git write-tree` &&
+	top=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo $top &&
 	(
 		cd dir &&
-		sub=`git write-tree` &&
+		sub=$(git write-tree) &&
 		echo $sub &&
 		test "z$top" = "z$sub"
 	)
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout-index' '
 
 test_expect_success 'read-tree' '
 	rm -f one dir/two &&
-	tree=`git write-tree` &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 	read_tree_u_must_succeed --reset -u "$tree" &&
 	cmp one original.one &&
 	cmp dir/two original.two &&
@@ -111,19 +111,19 @@ test_expect_success 'read-tree' '
 
 test_expect_success 'alias expansion' '
 	(
-		git config alias.ss status &&
+		git config alias.test-status-alias status &&
 		cd dir &&
 		git status &&
-		git ss
+		git test-status-alias
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW '!alias expansion' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW '!alias expansion' '
 	pwd >expect &&
 	(
-		git config alias.test !pwd &&
+		git config alias.test-alias-directory !pwd &&
 		cd dir &&
-		git test >../actual
+		git test-alias-directory >../actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
@@ -131,9 +131,9 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW '!alias expansion' '
 test_expect_success 'GIT_PREFIX for !alias' '
 	printf "dir/" >expect &&
 	(
-		git config alias.test "!sh -c \"printf \$GIT_PREFIX\"" &&
+		git config alias.test-alias-directory "!sh -c \"printf \$GIT_PREFIX\"" &&
 		cd dir &&
-		git test >../actual
+		git test-alias-directory >../actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_PREFIX for built-ins' '
 	(
 		cd dir &&
 		printf "change" >two &&
-		env GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./diff git diff >../actual
+		GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./diff git diff >../actual
 		git checkout -- two
 	) &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t1050-large.sh b/t/t1050-large.sh
index 29d6024b7f..f9f3d1391f 100755
--- a/t/t1050-large.sh
+++ b/t/t1050-large.sh
@@ -6,11 +6,15 @@ test_description='adding and checking out large blobs'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	git config core.bigfilethreshold 200k &&
-	echo X | dd of=large1 bs=1k seek=2000 &&
-	echo X | dd of=large2 bs=1k seek=2000 &&
-	echo X | dd of=large3 bs=1k seek=2000 &&
-	echo Y | dd of=huge bs=1k seek=2500
+	# clone does not allow us to pass core.bigfilethreshold to
+	# new repos, so set core.bigfilethreshold globally
+	git config --global core.bigfilethreshold 200k &&
+	printf "%2000000s" X >large1 &&
+	cp large1 large2 &&
+	cp large1 large3 &&
+	printf "%2500000s" Y >huge &&
+	GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT=1500k &&
+	export GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add a large file or two' '
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout a large file' '
 	large1=$(git rev-parse :large1) &&
 	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 $large1 another &&
 	git checkout another &&
-	cmp large1 another ;# this must not be test_cmp
+	test_cmp large1 another
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'packsize limit' '
@@ -100,4 +104,83 @@ test_expect_success 'packsize limit' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'diff --raw' '
+	git commit -q -m initial &&
+	echo modified >>large1 &&
+	git add large1 &&
+	git commit -q -m modified &&
+	git diff --raw HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --stat' '
+	git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff' '
+	git diff HEAD^ HEAD >actual &&
+	grep "Binary files.*differ" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --cached' '
+	git diff --cached HEAD^ >actual &&
+	grep "Binary files.*differ" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hash-object' '
+	git hash-object large1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cat-file a large file' '
+	git cat-file blob :large1 >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cat-file a large file from a tag' '
+	git tag -m largefile largefiletag :large1 &&
+	git cat-file blob largefiletag >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git-show a large file' '
+	git show :large1 >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack' '
+	git clone file://"$(pwd)"/.git foo &&
+	GIT_DIR=non-existent git index-pack --strict --verify foo/.git/objects/pack/*.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repack' '
+	git repack -ad
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-objects with large loose object' '
+	SHA1=$(git hash-object huge) &&
+	test_create_repo loose &&
+	echo $SHA1 | git pack-objects --stdout |
+		GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT=0 GIT_DIR=loose/.git git unpack-objects &&
+	echo $SHA1 | GIT_DIR=loose/.git git pack-objects pack &&
+	test_create_repo packed &&
+	mv pack-* packed/.git/objects/pack &&
+	GIT_DIR=packed/.git git cat-file blob $SHA1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp huge actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar achiving' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'zip achiving, store only' '
+	git archive --format=zip -0 HEAD >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'zip achiving, deflate' '
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck' '
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>err &&
+	n=$(grep "error: attempting to allocate .* over limit" err | wc -l) &&
+	test "$n" -gt 1
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3f8705139d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1060-object-corruption.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='see how we handle various forms of corruption'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# convert "1234abcd" to ".git/objects/12/34abcd"
+obj_to_file() {
+	echo "$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/objects/$(git rev-parse "$1" | sed 's,..,&/,')"
+}
+
+# Convert byte at offset "$2" of object "$1" into '\0'
+corrupt_byte() {
+	obj_file=$(obj_to_file "$1") &&
+	chmod +w "$obj_file" &&
+	printf '\0' | dd of="$obj_file" bs=1 seek="$2" conv=notrunc
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup corrupt repo' '
+	git init bit-error &&
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		corrupt_byte HEAD:content.t 10
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with missing object' '
+	git init missing &&
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		rm -f "$(obj_to_file HEAD:content.t)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with misnamed object' '
+	git init misnamed &&
+	(
+		cd misnamed &&
+		test_commit content &&
+		good=$(obj_to_file HEAD:content.t) &&
+		blob=$(echo corrupt | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+		bad=$(obj_to_file $blob) &&
+		rm -f "$good" &&
+		mv "$bad" "$good"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'streaming a corrupt blob fails' '
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file blob HEAD:content.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree -u detects bit-errors in blobs' '
+	(
+		cd bit-error &&
+		rm -f content.t &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read-tree -u detects missing objects' '
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		rm -f content.t &&
+		test_must_fail git read-tree --reset -u HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+# We use --bare to make sure that the transport detects it, not the checkout
+# phase.
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare bit-error corrupt-transport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects missing object' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare missing missing-transport
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --no-local --bare detects misnamed object' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --no-local --bare misnamed misnamed-transport
+'
+
+# We do not expect --local to detect corruption at the transport layer,
+# so we are really checking the checkout() code path.
+test_expect_success 'clone --local detects corruption' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local bit-error corrupt-checkout
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'error detected during checkout leaves repo intact' '
+	test_path_is_dir corrupt-checkout/.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --local detects missing objects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local missing missing-checkout
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'clone --local detects misnamed objects' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --local misnamed misnamed-checkout
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh b/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
index c4414ff576..f8457f9d14 100755
--- a/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
+++ b/t/t1100-commit-tree-options.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ test_description='git commit-tree options test
 
 This test checks that git commit-tree can create a specific commit
 object by defining all environment variables that it understands.
+
+Also make sure that command line parser understands the normal
+"flags first and then non flag arguments" command line.
 '
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
@@ -42,4 +45,19 @@ test_expect_success \
     'compare commit' \
     'test_cmp expected commit'
 
+
+test_expect_success 'flags and then non flags' '
+	test_tick &&
+	echo comment text |
+	git commit-tree $(cat treeid) >commitid &&
+	echo comment text |
+	git commit-tree $(cat treeid) -p $(cat commitid) >childid-1 &&
+	echo comment text |
+	git commit-tree -p $(cat commitid) $(cat treeid) >childid-2 &&
+	test_cmp childid-1 childid-2 &&
+	git commit-tree $(cat treeid) -m foo >childid-3 &&
+	git commit-tree -m foo $(cat treeid) >childid-4 &&
+	test_cmp childid-3 childid-4
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1200-tutorial.sh b/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
index 9356beaf4b..397ccb6909 100755
--- a/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
+++ b/t/t1200-tutorial.sh
@@ -154,8 +154,8 @@ test_expect_success 'git show-branch' '
 cat > resolve.expect << EOF
 Updating VARIABLE..VARIABLE
 FASTFORWARD (no commit created; -m option ignored)
- example |    1 +
- hello   |    1 +
+ example | 1 +
+ hello   | 1 +
  2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
 EOF
 
diff --git a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
index 5f249f681e..66dd28644f 100755
--- a/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1300-repo-config.sh
@@ -55,11 +55,13 @@ test_expect_success 'uppercase section' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'replace with non-match' \
-	'git config core.penguin kingpin !blue'
+test_expect_success 'replace with non-match' '
+	git config core.penguin kingpin !blue
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'replace with non-match (actually matching)' \
-	'git config core.penguin "very blue" !kingpin'
+test_expect_success 'replace with non-match (actually matching)' '
+	git config core.penguin "very blue" !kingpin
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [core]
@@ -108,8 +110,9 @@ baz = multiple \
 lines
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'unset with cont. lines' \
-	'git config --unset beta.baz'
+test_expect_success 'unset with cont. lines' '
+	git config --unset beta.baz
+'
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 [alpha]
@@ -133,8 +136,9 @@ EOF
 
 cp .git/config .git/config2
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple unset' \
-	'git config --unset-all beta.haha'
+test_expect_success 'multiple unset' '
+	git config --unset-all beta.haha
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -145,7 +149,9 @@ noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
 [nextSection] noNewline = ouch
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple unset is correct' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'multiple unset is correct' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cp .git/config2 .git/config
 
@@ -156,8 +162,9 @@ test_expect_success '--replace-all missing value' '
 
 rm .git/config2
 
-test_expect_success '--replace-all' \
-	'git config --replace-all beta.haha gamma'
+test_expect_success '--replace-all' '
+	git config --replace-all beta.haha gamma
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -169,7 +176,9 @@ noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
 [nextSection] noNewline = ouch
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'all replaced' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'all replaced' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -200,7 +209,11 @@ test_expect_success 'really really mean test' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'get value' 'test alpha = $(git config beta.haha)'
+test_expect_success 'get value' '
+	echo alpha >expect &&
+	git config beta.haha >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -231,18 +244,30 @@ test_expect_success 'multivar' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'non-match' \
-	'git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for'
+test_expect_success 'non-match' '
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'non-match value' \
-	'test wow = $(git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for)'
+test_expect_success 'non-match value' '
+	echo wow >expect &&
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline !for >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'ambiguous get' '
-	test_must_fail git config --get nextsection.nonewline
+test_expect_success 'multi-valued get returns final one' '
+	echo "wow2 for me" >expect &&
+	git config --get nextsection.nonewline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'get multivar' \
-	'git config --get-all nextsection.nonewline'
+test_expect_success 'multi-valued get-all returns all' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	wow
+	wow2 for me
+	EOF
+	git config --get-all nextsection.nonewline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -259,10 +284,6 @@ test_expect_success 'multivar replace' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ambiguous value' '
-	test_must_fail git config nextsection.nonewline
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'ambiguous unset' '
 	test_must_fail git config --unset nextsection.nonewline
 '
@@ -290,8 +311,9 @@ test_expect_success 'invalid key' 'test_must_fail git config inval.2key blabla'
 
 test_expect_success 'correct key' 'git config 123456.a123 987'
 
-test_expect_success 'hierarchical section' \
-	'git config Version.1.2.3eX.Alpha beta'
+test_expect_success 'hierarchical section' '
+	git config Version.1.2.3eX.Alpha beta
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [beta] ; silly comment # another comment
@@ -307,7 +329,9 @@ noIndent= sillyValue ; 'nother silly comment
 	Alpha = beta
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'hierarchical section value' 'test_cmp expect .git/config'
+test_expect_success 'hierarchical section value' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 beta.noindent=sillyValue
@@ -316,9 +340,10 @@ nextsection.nonewline=wow2 for me
 version.1.2.3eX.alpha=beta
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'working --list' \
-	'git config --list > output && cmp output expect'
-
+test_expect_success 'working --list' '
+	git config --list > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 cat > expect << EOF
 EOF
 
@@ -332,8 +357,10 @@ beta.noindent sillyValue
 nextsection.nonewline wow2 for me
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success '--get-regexp' \
-	'git config --get-regexp in > output && cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success '--get-regexp' '
+	git config --get-regexp in >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 wow2 for me
@@ -353,45 +380,52 @@ cat > .git/config << EOF
 	variable =
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'get variable with no value' \
-	'git config --get novalue.variable ^$'
+test_expect_success 'get variable with no value' '
+	git config --get novalue.variable ^$
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'get variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --get emptyvalue.variable ^$'
+test_expect_success 'get variable with empty value' '
+	git config --get emptyvalue.variable ^$
+'
 
 echo novalue.variable > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with no value' \
-	'git config --get-regexp novalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with no value' '
+	git config --get-regexp novalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo 'novalue.variable true' > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp --bool variable with no value' \
-	'git config --bool --get-regexp novalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp --bool variable with no value' '
+	git config --bool --get-regexp novalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo 'emptyvalue.variable ' > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --get-regexp emptyvalue > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get-regexp variable with empty value' '
+	git config --get-regexp emptyvalue > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo true > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get bool variable with no value' \
-	'git config --bool novalue.variable > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get bool variable with no value' '
+	git config --bool novalue.variable > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 echo false > expect
 
-test_expect_success 'get bool variable with empty value' \
-	'git config --bool emptyvalue.variable > output &&
-	 cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'get bool variable with empty value' '
+	git config --bool emptyvalue.variable > output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'no arguments, but no crash' '
 	test_must_fail git config >output 2>&1 &&
-	grep usage output
+	test_i18ngrep usage output
 '
 
 cat > .git/config << EOF
@@ -427,8 +461,9 @@ test_expect_success 'new variable inserts into proper section' '
 	test_cmp expect .git/config
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (non-existing file should fail)' \
-	'test_must_fail git config --file non-existing-config -l'
+test_expect_success 'alternative --file (non-existing file should fail)' '
+	test_must_fail git config --file non-existing-config -l
+'
 
 cat > other-config << EOF
 [ein]
@@ -440,12 +475,27 @@ ein.bahn=strasse
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG' '
-	GIT_CONFIG=other-config git config -l >output &&
+	GIT_CONFIG=other-config git config --list >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file)' '
+	git config --file other-config --list >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file=-)' '
+	git config --file - --list <other-config >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternative GIT_CONFIG (--file)' \
-	'git config --file other-config -l > output && cmp output expect'
+test_expect_success 'setting a value in stdin is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --file - some.value foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'editing stdin is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --file - --edit
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory' '
 	mkdir x &&
@@ -458,10 +508,10 @@ test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory via GIT_CONFIG' '
+test_expect_success 'refer config from subdirectory via --file' '
 	(
 		cd x &&
-		GIT_CONFIG=../other-config git config --get ein.bahn >actual &&
+		git config --file=../other-config --get ein.bahn >actual &&
 		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
@@ -473,8 +523,8 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 	park = ausweis
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success '--set in alternative GIT_CONFIG' '
-	GIT_CONFIG=other-config git config anwohner.park ausweis &&
+test_expect_success '--set in alternative file' '
+	git config --file=other-config anwohner.park ausweis &&
 	test_cmp expect other-config
 '
 
@@ -489,8 +539,9 @@ cat > .git/config << EOF
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename section" \
-	"git config --rename-section branch.eins branch.zwei"
+test_expect_success 'rename section' '
+	git config --rename-section branch.eins branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -503,17 +554,22 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-test_expect_success "rename non-existing section" '
+test_expect_success 'rename non-existing section' '
 	test_must_fail git config --rename-section \
 		branch."world domination" branch.drei
 '
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-test_expect_success "rename another section" \
-	'git config --rename-section branch."1 234 blabl/a" branch.drei'
+test_expect_success 'rename another section' '
+	git config --rename-section branch."1 234 blabl/a" branch.drei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -526,14 +582,17 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat >> .git/config << EOF
 [branch "vier"] z = 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename a section with a var on the same line" \
-	'git config --rename-section branch.vier branch.zwei'
+test_expect_success 'rename a section with a var on the same line' '
+	git config --rename-section branch.vier branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -548,13 +607,25 @@ weird
 	z = 1
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "rename succeeded" "test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'rename succeeded' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'renaming empty section name is rejected' '
+	test_must_fail git config --rename-section branch.zwei ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'renaming to bogus section is rejected' '
+	test_must_fail git config --rename-section branch.zwei "bogus name"
+'
 
 cat >> .git/config << EOF
   [branch "zwei"] a = 1 [branch "vier"]
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "remove section" "git config --remove-section branch.zwei"
+test_expect_success 'remove section' '
+	git config --remove-section branch.zwei
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 # Hallo
@@ -563,8 +634,9 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 weird
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success "section was removed properly" \
-	"test_cmp expect .git/config"
+test_expect_success 'section was removed properly' '
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 [gitcvs]
@@ -575,7 +647,6 @@ cat > expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'section ending' '
-
 	rm -f .git/config &&
 	git config gitcvs.enabled true &&
 	git config gitcvs.ext.dbname %Ggitcvs1.%a.%m.sqlite &&
@@ -585,30 +656,32 @@ test_expect_success 'section ending' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success numbers '
-
 	git config kilo.gram 1k &&
 	git config mega.ton 1m &&
-	k=$(git config --int --get kilo.gram) &&
-	test z1024 = "z$k" &&
-	m=$(git config --int --get mega.ton) &&
-	test z1048576 = "z$m"
+	echo 1024 >expect &&
+	echo 1048576 >>expect &&
+	git config --int --get kilo.gram >actual &&
+	git config --int --get mega.ton >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect <<EOF
-fatal: bad config value for 'aninvalid.unit' in .git/config
-EOF
+test_expect_success '--int is at least 64 bits' '
+	git config giga.watts 121g &&
+	echo 129922760704 >expect &&
+	git config --int --get giga.watts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalid unit' '
-
 	git config aninvalid.unit "1auto" &&
-	s=$(git config aninvalid.unit) &&
-	test "z1auto" = "z$s" &&
-	if git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual
-	then
-		echo config should have failed
-		false
-	fi &&
-	cmp actual expect
+	echo 1auto >expect &&
+	git config aninvalid.unit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	fatal: bad numeric config value '\''1auto'\'' for '\''aninvalid.unit'\'' in .git/config: invalid unit
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git config --int --get aninvalid.unit 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -638,7 +711,7 @@ test_expect_success bool '
 	    git config --bool --get bool.true$i >>result
 	    git config --bool --get bool.false$i >>result
         done &&
-	cmp expect result'
+	test_cmp expect result'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalid bool (--get)' '
 
@@ -672,7 +745,7 @@ test_expect_success 'set --bool' '
 	git config --bool bool.false2 "" &&
 	git config --bool bool.false3 nO &&
 	git config --bool bool.false4 FALSE &&
-	cmp expect .git/config'
+	test_cmp expect .git/config'
 
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 [int]
@@ -687,39 +760,37 @@ test_expect_success 'set --int' '
 	git config --int int.val1 01 &&
 	git config --int int.val2 -1 &&
 	git config --int int.val3 5m &&
-	cmp expect .git/config'
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-[bool]
-	true1 = true
+test_expect_success 'get --bool-or-int' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[bool]
+	true1
 	true2 = true
-	false1 = false
-	false2 = false
-[int]
+	false = false
+	[int]
 	int1 = 0
 	int2 = 1
 	int3 = -1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'get --bool-or-int' '
-	rm -f .git/config &&
-	(
-		echo "[bool]"
-		echo true1
-		echo true2 = true
-		echo false = false
-		echo "[int]"
-		echo int1 = 0
-		echo int2 = 1
-		echo int3 = -1
-	) >>.git/config &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.true1) = true &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.true2) = true &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int bool.false) = false &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int1) = 0 &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int2) = 1 &&
-	test $(git config --bool-or-int int.int3) = -1
-
+	EOF
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	true
+	true
+	false
+	0
+	1
+	-1
+	EOF
+	{
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.true1 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.true2 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int bool.false &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int1 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int2 &&
+		git config --bool-or-int int.int3
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
@@ -753,14 +824,14 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 	trailingtilde = foo~
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'set --path' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'set --path' '
 	rm -f .git/config &&
 	git config --path path.home "~/" &&
 	git config --path path.normal "/dev/null" &&
 	git config --path path.trailingtilde "foo~" &&
 	test_cmp expect .git/config'
 
-if test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW && test "${HOME+set}"
+if test_have_prereq !MINGW && test "${HOME+set}"
 then
 	test_set_prereq HOMEVAR
 fi
@@ -783,7 +854,7 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 foo~
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'get --path copes with unset $HOME' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'get --path copes with unset $HOME' '
 	(
 		unset HOME;
 		test_must_fail git config --get --path path.home \
@@ -795,6 +866,11 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'get --path copes with unset $HOME' '
 	test_cmp expect result
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'get --path barfs on boolean variable' '
+	echo "[path]bool" >.git/config &&
+	test_must_fail git config --get --path path.bool
+'
+
 cat > expect << EOF
 [quote]
 	leading = " test"
@@ -836,7 +912,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'value continued on next line' '
 	git config --list > result &&
-	cmp result expect
+	test_cmp result expect
 '
 
 cat > .git/config <<\EOF
@@ -872,43 +948,41 @@ test_expect_success '--null --get-regexp' '
 
 test_expect_success 'inner whitespace kept verbatim' '
 	git config section.val "foo 	  bar" &&
-	test "z$(git config section.val)" = "zfoo 	  bar"
+	echo "foo 	  bar" >expect &&
+	git config section.val >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinked configuration' '
-
 	ln -s notyet myconfig &&
-	GIT_CONFIG=myconfig git config test.frotz nitfol &&
+	git config --file=myconfig test.frotz nitfol &&
 	test -h myconfig &&
 	test -f notyet &&
-	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.frotz)" = znitfol &&
-	GIT_CONFIG=myconfig git config test.xyzzy rezrov &&
+	test "z$(git config --file=notyet test.frotz)" = znitfol &&
+	git config --file=myconfig test.xyzzy rezrov &&
 	test -h myconfig &&
 	test -f notyet &&
-	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.frotz)" = znitfol &&
-	test "z$(GIT_CONFIG=notyet git config test.xyzzy)" = zrezrov
-
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	nitfol
+	rezrov
+	EOF
+	{
+		git config --file=notyet test.frotz &&
+		git config --file=notyet test.xyzzy
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent configuration' '
-	(
-		GIT_CONFIG=doesnotexist &&
-		export GIT_CONFIG &&
-		test_must_fail git config --list &&
-		test_must_fail git config test.xyzzy
-	)
+	test_must_fail git config --file=doesnotexist --list &&
+	test_must_fail git config --file=doesnotexist test.xyzzy
 '
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink to nonexistent configuration' '
 	ln -s doesnotexist linktonada &&
 	ln -s linktonada linktolinktonada &&
-	(
-		GIT_CONFIG=linktonada &&
-		export GIT_CONFIG &&
-		test_must_fail git config --list &&
-		GIT_CONFIG=linktolinktonada &&
-		test_must_fail git config --list
-	)
+	test_must_fail git config --file=linktonada --list &&
+	test_must_fail git config --file=linktolinktonada --list
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check split_cmdline return' "
@@ -919,15 +993,34 @@ test_expect_success 'check split_cmdline return' "
 	git commit -m 'initial commit' &&
 	git config branch.master.mergeoptions 'echo \"' &&
 	test_must_fail git merge master
-	"
+"
 
 test_expect_success 'git -c "key=value" support' '
-	test "z$(git -c core.name=value config core.name)" = zvalue &&
-	test "z$(git -c foo.CamelCase=value config foo.camelcase)" = zvalue &&
-	test "z$(git -c foo.flag config --bool foo.flag)" = ztrue &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	value
+	value
+	true
+	EOF
+	{
+		git -c core.name=value config core.name &&
+		git -c foo.CamelCase=value config foo.camelcase &&
+		git -c foo.flag config --bool foo.flag
+	} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test_must_fail git -c name=value config core.name
 '
 
+# We just need a type-specifier here that cares about the
+# distinction internally between a NULL boolean and a real
+# string (because most of git's internal parsers do care).
+# Using "--path" works, but we do not otherwise care about
+# its semantics.
+test_expect_success 'git -c can represent empty string' '
+	echo >expect &&
+	git -c foo.empty= config --path foo.empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'key sanity-checking' '
 	test_must_fail git config foo=bar &&
 	test_must_fail git config foo=.bar &&
@@ -985,4 +1078,105 @@ test_expect_success 'git config --edit respects core.editor' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+# malformed configuration files
+test_expect_success 'barf on syntax error' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# broken section line
+	[section]
+	key garbage
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git config --get section.key >actual 2>error &&
+	grep " line 3 " error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'barf on incomplete section header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# broken section line
+	[section
+	key = value
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git config --get section.key >actual 2>error &&
+	grep " line 2 " error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'barf on incomplete string' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# broken section line
+	[section]
+	key = "value string
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git config --get section.key >actual 2>error &&
+	grep " line 3 " error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'urlmatch' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[http]
+		sslVerify
+	[http "https://weak.example.com"]
+		sslVerify = false
+		cookieFile = /tmp/cookie.txt
+	EOF
+
+	echo true >expect &&
+	git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.SSLverify https://good.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo false >expect &&
+	git config --bool --get-urlmatch http.sslverify https://weak.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo http.cookiefile /tmp/cookie.txt &&
+		echo http.sslverify false
+	} >expect &&
+	git config --get-urlmatch HTTP https://weak.example.com >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# good section hygiene
+test_expect_failure 'unsetting the last key in a section removes header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	# some generic comment on the configuration file itself
+	# a comment specific to this "section" section.
+	[section]
+	# some intervening lines
+	# that should also be dropped
+
+	key = value
+	# please be careful when you update the above variable
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	# some generic comment on the configuration file itself
+	EOF
+
+	git config --unset section.key &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'adding a key into an empty section reuses header' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[section]
+	EOF
+
+	q_to_tab >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	[section]
+	Qkey = value
+	EOF
+
+	git config section.key value &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/config
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,PERL 'preserves existing permissions' '
+	chmod 0600 .git/config &&
+	git config imap.pass Hunter2 &&
+	perl -e \
+	  "die q(badset) if ((stat(q(.git/config)))[2] & 07777) != 0600" &&
+	git config --rename-section imap pop &&
+	perl -e \
+	  "die q(badrename) if ((stat(q(.git/config)))[2] & 07777) != 0600"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh b/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh
index de42d21c92..ac10875408 100755
--- a/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh
+++ b/t/t1301-shared-repo.sh
@@ -12,12 +12,11 @@ setfacl -k . 2>/dev/null
 
 # User must have read permissions to the repo -> failure on --shared=0400
 test_expect_success 'shared = 0400 (faulty permission u-w)' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf sub" &&
 	mkdir sub && (
-		cd sub && git init --shared=0400
+		cd sub &&
+		test_must_fail git init --shared=0400
 	)
-	ret="$?"
-	rm -rf sub
-	test $ret != "0"
 '
 
 modebits () {
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ do
 			git init --shared=1 &&
 			test 1 = "$(git config core.sharedrepository)"
 		) &&
-		actual=$(ls -l sub/.git/HEAD)
+		actual=$(ls -l sub/.git/HEAD) &&
 		case "$actual" in
 		-rw-rw-r--*)
 			: happy
@@ -90,10 +89,8 @@ do
 		rm -f .git/info/refs &&
 		git update-server-info &&
 		actual="$(modebits .git/info/refs)" &&
-		test "x$actual" = "x-$y" || {
-			ls -lt .git/info
-			false
-		}
+		verbose test "x$actual" = "x-$y"
+
 	'
 
 	umask 077 &&
@@ -102,16 +99,24 @@ do
 		rm -f .git/info/refs &&
 		git update-server-info &&
 		actual="$(modebits .git/info/refs)" &&
-		test "x$actual" = "x-$x" || {
-			ls -lt .git/info
-			false
-		}
+		verbose test "x$actual" = "x-$x"
 
 	'
 
 done
 
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'info/refs respects umask in unshared repo' '
+	rm -f .git/info/refs &&
+	test_unconfig core.sharedrepository &&
+	umask 002 &&
+	git update-server-info &&
+	echo "-rw-rw-r--" >expect &&
+	modebits .git/info/refs >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'git reflog expire honors core.sharedRepository' '
+	umask 077 &&
 	git config core.sharedRepository group &&
 	git reflog expire --all &&
 	actual="$(ls -l .git/logs/refs/heads/master)" &&
diff --git a/t/t1302-repo-version.sh b/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
index 0e47662406..0d9388afc4 100755
--- a/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
+++ b/t/t1302-repo-version.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 
 	test_create_repo "test" &&
 	test_create_repo "test2" &&
-	GIT_CONFIG=test2/.git/config git config core.repositoryformatversion 99
+	git config --file=test2/.git/config core.repositoryformatversion 99
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'gitdir selection on normal repos' '
diff --git a/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh b/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh
index 46103a1591..3b92083e19 100755
--- a/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh
+++ b/t/t1303-wacky-config.sh
@@ -3,17 +3,28 @@
 test_description='Test wacky input to git config'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+# Leaving off the newline is intentional!
 setup() {
 	(printf "[section]\n" &&
 	printf "  key = foo") >.git/config
 }
 
+# 'check section.key value' verifies that the entry for section.key is
+# 'value'
 check() {
 	echo "$2" >expected
 	git config --get "$1" >actual 2>&1
 	test_cmp actual expected
 }
 
+# 'check section.key regex value' verifies that the entry for
+# section.key *that matches 'regex'* is 'value'
+check_regex() {
+	echo "$3" >expected
+	git config --get "$1" "$2" >actual 2>&1
+	test_cmp actual expected
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'modify same key' '
 	setup &&
 	git config section.key bar &&
@@ -47,4 +58,77 @@ test_expect_success 'do not crash on special long config line' '
 	check section.key "$LONG_VALUE"
 '
 
+setup_many() {
+	setup &&
+	# This time we want the newline so that we can tack on more
+	# entries.
+	echo >>.git/config &&
+	# Semi-efficient way of concatenating 5^5 = 3125 lines. Note
+	# that because 'setup' already put one line, this means 3126
+	# entries for section.key in the config file.
+	cat >5to1 <<-\EOF &&
+	  key = foo
+	  key = foo
+	  key = foo
+	  key = foo
+	  key = foo
+	EOF
+	cat 5to1 5to1 5to1 5to1 5to1 >5to2 &&	   # 25
+	cat 5to2 5to2 5to2 5to2 5to2 >5to3 &&	   # 125
+	cat 5to3 5to3 5to3 5to3 5to3 >5to4 &&	   # 635
+	cat 5to4 5to4 5to4 5to4 5to4 >>.git/config # 3125
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'get many entries' '
+	setup_many &&
+	git config --get-all section.key >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3126 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get many entries by regex' '
+	setup_many &&
+	git config --get-regexp "sec.*ke." >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3126 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add and replace one of many entries' '
+	setup_many &&
+	git config --add section.key bar &&
+	check_regex section.key "b.*r" bar &&
+	git config section.key beer "b.*r" &&
+	check_regex section.key "b.*r" beer
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace many entries' '
+	setup_many &&
+	git config --replace-all section.key bar &&
+	check section.key bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unset many entries' '
+	setup_many &&
+	git config --unset-all section.key &&
+	test_must_fail git config section.key
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--add appends new value after existing empty value' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+
+
+	fool
+	roll
+	EOF
+	cp .git/config .git/config.old &&
+	test_when_finished "mv .git/config.old .git/config" &&
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[foo]
+		baz
+		baz =
+		baz = fool
+	EOF
+	git config --add foo.baz roll &&
+	git config --get-all foo.baz >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1304-default-acl.sh b/t/t1304-default-acl.sh
index 2b962cfda7..f5422f1d33 100755
--- a/t/t1304-default-acl.sh
+++ b/t/t1304-default-acl.sh
@@ -14,20 +14,19 @@ umask 077
 # We need an arbitrary other user give permission to using ACLs. root
 # is a good candidate: exists on all unices, and it has permission
 # anyway, so we don't create a security hole running the testsuite.
-
-setfacl_out="$(setfacl -m u:root:rwx . 2>&1)"
-setfacl_ret=$?
-
-if test $setfacl_ret != 0
-then
-	say "Unable to use setfacl (output: '$setfacl_out'; return code: '$setfacl_ret')"
-else
-	test_set_prereq SETFACL
-fi
+test_expect_success 'checking for a working acl setup' '
+	if setfacl -m d:m:rwx -m u:root:rwx . &&
+	   getfacl . | grep user:root:rwx &&
+	   touch should-have-readable-acl &&
+	   getfacl should-have-readable-acl | egrep "mask::?rw-"
+	then
+		test_set_prereq SETFACL
+	fi
+'
 
 if test -z "$LOGNAME"
 then
-	LOGNAME=$USER
+	LOGNAME="${USER:-$(id -u -n)}"
 fi
 
 check_perms_and_acl () {
diff --git a/t/t1305-config-include.sh b/t/t1305-config-include.sh
index 4b1cbaa028..9ba2ba11c3 100755
--- a/t/t1305-config-include.sh
+++ b/t/t1305-config-include.sh
@@ -29,6 +29,14 @@ test_expect_success 'chained relative paths' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'include paths get tilde-expansion' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path = ~/one" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	git config test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'include options can still be examined' '
 	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
 	echo "[include]path = one" >.gitconfig &&
@@ -105,7 +113,7 @@ test_expect_success 'missing include files are ignored' '
 test_expect_success 'absolute includes from command line work' '
 	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
 	echo 1 >expect &&
-	git -c include.path="$PWD/one" config test.one >actual &&
+	git -c include.path="$(pwd)/one" config test.one >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -114,6 +122,36 @@ test_expect_success 'relative includes from command line fail' '
 	test_must_fail git -c include.path=one config test.one
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'absolute includes from blobs work' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path=$(pwd)/one" >blob &&
+	blob=$(git hash-object -w blob) &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	git config --blob=$blob test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'relative includes from blobs fail' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path=one" >blob &&
+	blob=$(git hash-object -w blob) &&
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=$blob test.one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'absolute includes from stdin work' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo 1 >expect &&
+	echo "[include]path=\"$(pwd)/one\"" |
+	git config --file - test.one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'relative includes from stdin line fail' '
+	echo "[test]one = 1" >one &&
+	echo "[include]path=one" |
+	test_must_fail git config --file - test.one
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'include cycles are detected' '
 	cat >.gitconfig <<-\EOF &&
 	[test]value = gitconfig
diff --git a/t/t1306-xdg-files.sh b/t/t1306-xdg-files.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8b14ab187c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1306-xdg-files.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Valentin Duperray, Lucien Kong, Franck Jonas,
+#		     Thomas Nguy, Khoi Nguyen
+#		     Grenoble INP Ensimag
+#
+
+test_description='Compatibility with $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ files'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'read config: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	mkdir -p .config/git &&
+	echo "[alias]" >.config/git/config &&
+	echo "	myalias = !echo in_config" >>.config/git/config &&
+	echo in_config >expected &&
+	git myalias >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read config: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>.gitconfig &&
+	echo "[alias]" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo "	myalias = !echo in_gitconfig" >>.gitconfig &&
+	echo in_gitconfig >expected &&
+	git myalias >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --get: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	rm .gitconfig &&
+	echo "[user]" >.config/git/config &&
+	echo "	name = read_config" >>.config/git/config &&
+	echo read_config >expected &&
+	git config --get user.name >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME overrides $HOME/.config/git' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/xdg/git &&
+	echo "[user]name = in_xdg" >"$HOME"/xdg/git/config &&
+	echo in_xdg >expected &&
+	XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME"/xdg git config --get-all user.name >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --get: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>.gitconfig &&
+	echo "[user]" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo "	name = read_gitconfig" >>.gitconfig &&
+	echo read_gitconfig >expected &&
+	git config --get user.name >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --list: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	rm .gitconfig &&
+	echo user.name=read_config >expected &&
+	git config --global --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'read with --list: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>.gitconfig &&
+	echo "[user]" >.gitconfig &&
+	echo "	name = read_gitconfig" >>.gitconfig &&
+	echo user.name=read_gitconfig >expected &&
+	git config --global --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Setup' '
+	git init git &&
+	cd git &&
+	echo foo >to_be_excluded
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Exclusion of a file in the XDG ignore file' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/.config/git/ &&
+	echo to_be_excluded >"$HOME"/.config/git/ignore &&
+	test_must_fail git add to_be_excluded
+'
+
+test_expect_success '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME overrides $HOME/.config/git/ignore' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/xdg/git &&
+	echo content >excluded_by_xdg_only &&
+	echo excluded_by_xdg_only >"$HOME"/xdg/git/ignore &&
+	test_when_finished "git read-tree --empty" &&
+	(XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME/xdg" &&
+	 export XDG_CONFIG_HOME &&
+	 git add to_be_excluded &&
+	 test_must_fail git add excluded_by_xdg_only
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Exclusion in both XDG and local ignore files' '
+	echo to_be_excluded >.gitignore &&
+	test_must_fail git add to_be_excluded
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Exclusion in a non-XDG global ignore file' '
+	rm .gitignore &&
+	echo >"$HOME"/.config/git/ignore &&
+	echo to_be_excluded >"$HOME"/my_gitignore &&
+	git config core.excludesfile "$HOME"/my_gitignore &&
+	test_must_fail git add to_be_excluded
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking XDG ignore file when HOME is unset' '
+	>expected &&
+	(sane_unset HOME &&
+	 git config --unset core.excludesfile &&
+	 git ls-files --exclude-standard --ignored >actual) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking attributes in the XDG attributes file' '
+	echo foo >f &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_line_count -eq 0 actual &&
+	echo "f attr_f" >"$HOME"/.config/git/attributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: set" >expected &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking XDG attributes when HOME is unset' '
+	>expected &&
+	(sane_unset HOME &&
+	 git check-attr -a f >actual) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '$XDG_CONFIG_HOME overrides $HOME/.config/git/attributes' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/xdg/git &&
+	echo "f attr_f=xdg" >"$HOME"/xdg/git/attributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: xdg" >expected &&
+	XDG_CONFIG_HOME="$HOME/xdg" git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking attributes in both XDG and local attributes files' '
+	echo "f -attr_f" >.gitattributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: unset" >expected &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'Checking attributes in a non-XDG global attributes file' '
+	test_might_fail rm .gitattributes &&
+	echo "f attr_f=test" >"$HOME"/my_gitattributes &&
+	git config core.attributesfile "$HOME"/my_gitattributes &&
+	echo "f: attr_f: test" >expected &&
+	git check-attr -a f >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'write: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig doesn'\''t' '
+	mkdir -p "$HOME"/.config/git &&
+	>"$HOME"/.config/git/config &&
+	test_might_fail rm "$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+	git config --global user.name "write_config" &&
+	echo "[user]" >expected &&
+	echo "	name = write_config" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$HOME"/.config/git/config
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'write: xdg file exists and ~/.gitconfig exists' '
+	>"$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+	git config --global user.name "write_gitconfig" &&
+	echo "[user]" >expected &&
+	echo "	name = write_gitconfig" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$HOME"/.gitconfig
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'write: ~/.config/git/ exists and config file doesn'\''t' '
+	test_might_fail rm "$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
+	test_might_fail rm "$HOME"/.config/git/config &&
+	git config --global user.name "write_gitconfig" &&
+	echo "[user]" >expected &&
+	echo "	name = write_gitconfig" >>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$HOME"/.gitconfig
+'
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1307-config-blob.sh b/t/t1307-config-blob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3c6791e6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1307-config-blob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='support for reading config from a blob'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create config blob' '
+	cat >config <<-\EOF &&
+	[some]
+		value = 1
+	EOF
+	git add config &&
+	git commit -m foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'list config blob contents' '
+	echo some.value=1 >expect &&
+	git config --blob=HEAD:config --list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch value from blob' '
+	echo true >expect &&
+	git config --blob=HEAD:config --bool some.value >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading non-existing value from blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config non.existing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from blob and file is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --system --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from missing ref is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:doesnotexist --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reading from non-blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD --list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setting a value in a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config some.value foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting a value in a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --unset some.value
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'editing a blob is an error' '
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config --edit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'parse errors in blobs are properly attributed' '
+	cat >config <<-\EOF &&
+	[some]
+		value = "
+	EOF
+	git add config &&
+	git commit -m broken &&
+
+	test_must_fail git config --blob=HEAD:config some.value 2>err &&
+
+	# just grep for our token as the exact error message is likely to
+	# change or be internationalized
+	grep "HEAD:config" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'can parse blob ending with CR' '
+	printf "[some]key = value\\r" >config &&
+	git add config &&
+	git commit -m CR &&
+	echo value >expect &&
+	git config --blob=HEAD:config some.key >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1308-config-set.sh b/t/t1308-config-set.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..91235b76ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1308-config-set.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test git config-set API in different settings'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# 'check_config get_* section.key value' verifies that the entry for
+# section.key is 'value'
+check_config () {
+	if test "$1" = expect_code
+	then
+		expect_code="$2" && shift && shift
+	else
+		expect_code=0
+	fi &&
+	op=$1 key=$2 && shift && shift &&
+	if test $# != 0
+	then
+		printf "%s\n" "$@"
+	fi >expect &&
+	test_expect_code $expect_code test-config "$op" "$key" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup default config' '
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF
+	[case]
+		penguin = very blue
+		Movie = BadPhysics
+		UPPERCASE = true
+		MixedCase = true
+		my =
+		foo
+		baz = sam
+	[Cores]
+		WhatEver = Second
+		baz = bar
+	[cores]
+		baz = bat
+	[CORES]
+		baz = ball
+	[my "Foo bAr"]
+		hi = mixed-case
+	[my "FOO BAR"]
+		hi = upper-case
+	[my "foo bar"]
+		hi = lower-case
+	[case]
+		baz = bat
+		baz = hask
+	[lamb]
+		chop = 65
+		head = none
+	[goat]
+		legs = 4
+		head = true
+		skin = false
+		nose = 1
+		horns
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get value for a simple key' '
+	check_config get_value case.penguin "very blue"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get value for a key with value as an empty string' '
+	check_config get_value case.my ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'get value for a key with value as NULL' '
+	check_config get_value case.foo "(NULL)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upper case key' '
+	check_config get_value case.UPPERCASE "true" &&
+	check_config get_value case.uppercase "true"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mixed case key' '
+	check_config get_value case.MixedCase "true" &&
+	check_config get_value case.MIXEDCASE "true" &&
+	check_config get_value case.mixedcase "true"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'key and value with mixed case' '
+	check_config get_value case.Movie "BadPhysics"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'key with case sensitive subsection' '
+	check_config get_value "my.Foo bAr.hi" "mixed-case" &&
+	check_config get_value "my.FOO BAR.hi" "upper-case" &&
+	check_config get_value "my.foo bar.hi" "lower-case"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'key with case insensitive section header' '
+	check_config get_value cores.baz "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value Cores.baz "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value CORES.baz "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value coreS.baz "ball"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'key with case insensitive section header & variable' '
+	check_config get_value CORES.BAZ "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value cores.baz "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value cores.BaZ "ball" &&
+	check_config get_value cOreS.bAz "ball"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find value with misspelled key' '
+	check_config expect_code 1 get_value "my.fOo Bar.hi" "Value not found for \"my.fOo Bar.hi\""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find value with the highest priority' '
+	check_config get_value case.baz "hask"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find integer value for a key' '
+	check_config get_int lamb.chop 65
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find string value for a key' '
+	check_config get_string case.baz hask &&
+	check_config expect_code 1 get_string case.ba "Value not found for \"case.ba\""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check line error when NULL string is queried' '
+	test_expect_code 128 test-config get_string case.foo 2>result &&
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: .*case\.foo.*\.git/config.*line 7" result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find integer if value is non parse-able' '
+	check_config expect_code 128 get_int lamb.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find bool value for the entered key' '
+	check_config get_bool goat.head 1 &&
+	check_config get_bool goat.skin 0 &&
+	check_config get_bool goat.nose 1 &&
+	check_config get_bool goat.horns 1 &&
+	check_config get_bool goat.legs 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find multiple values' '
+	check_config get_value_multi case.baz sam bat hask
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find value from a configset' '
+	cat >config2 <<-\EOF &&
+	[case]
+		baz = lama
+	[my]
+		new = silk
+	[case]
+		baz = ball
+	EOF
+	echo silk >expect &&
+	test-config configset_get_value my.new config2 .git/config >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find value with highest priority from a configset' '
+	echo hask >expect &&
+	test-config configset_get_value case.baz config2 .git/config >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'find value_list for a key from a configset' '
+	cat >except <<-\EOF &&
+	sam
+	bat
+	hask
+	lama
+	ball
+	EOF
+	test-config configset_get_value case.baz config2 .git/config >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper error on non-existent files' '
+	echo "Error (-1) reading configuration file non-existent-file." >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 2 test-config configset_get_value foo.bar non-existent-file 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'proper error on non-accessible files' '
+	chmod -r .git/config &&
+	test_when_finished "chmod +r .git/config" &&
+	echo "Error (-1) reading configuration file .git/config." >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 2 test-config configset_get_value foo.bar .git/config 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper error on error in default config files' '
+	cp .git/config .git/config.old &&
+	test_when_finished "mv .git/config.old .git/config" &&
+	echo "[" >>.git/config &&
+	echo "fatal: bad config file line 34 in .git/config" >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 128 test-config get_value foo.bar 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper error on error in custom config files' '
+	echo "[" >>syntax-error &&
+	echo "fatal: bad config file line 1 in syntax-error" >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 128 test-config configset_get_value foo.bar syntax-error 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check line errors for malformed values' '
+	mv .git/config .git/config.old &&
+	test_when_finished "mv .git/config.old .git/config" &&
+	cat >.git/config <<-\EOF &&
+	[alias]
+		br
+	EOF
+	test_expect_code 128 git br 2>result &&
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: .*alias\.br.*\.git/config.*line 2" result
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
index 4fd83a667a..6805b9e6bb 100755
--- a/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1400-update-ref.sh
@@ -74,6 +74,24 @@ test_expect_success "delete $m (by HEAD)" '
 '
 rm -f .git/$m
 
+test_expect_success \
+	"create $m (by HEAD)" \
+	"git update-ref HEAD $A &&
+	 test $A"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success \
+	"pack refs" \
+	"git pack-refs --all"
+test_expect_success \
+	"move $m (by HEAD)" \
+	"git update-ref HEAD $B $A &&
+	 test $B"' = $(cat .git/'"$m"')'
+test_expect_success "delete $m (by HEAD) should remove both packed and loose $m" '
+	git update-ref -d HEAD $B &&
+	! grep "$m" .git/packed-refs &&
+	! test -f .git/$m
+'
+rm -f .git/$m
+
 cp -f .git/HEAD .git/HEAD.orig
 test_expect_success "delete symref without dereference" '
 	git update-ref --no-deref -d HEAD &&
@@ -92,6 +110,32 @@ test_expect_success "delete symref without dereference when the referred ref is
 cp -f .git/HEAD.orig .git/HEAD
 git update-ref -d $m
 
+test_expect_success 'update-ref -d is not confused by self-reference' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/self refs/heads/self &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/self" &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/self &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -d refs/heads/self &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/self
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --no-deref -d can delete self-reference' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/self refs/heads/self &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/self" &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/self &&
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d refs/heads/self &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/self
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --no-deref -d can delete reference to bad ref' '
+	>.git/refs/heads/bad &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/bad" &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/ref-to-bad refs/heads/bad &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/ref-to-bad" &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/ref-to-bad &&
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d refs/heads/ref-to-bad &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/ref-to-bad
+'
+
 test_expect_success '(not) create HEAD with old sha1' "
 	test_must_fail git update-ref HEAD $A $B
 "
@@ -217,7 +261,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-26 23:33:01}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$B"' = $(cat o) &&
-	 test "warning: Log .git/logs/'"$m has gap after $gd"'." = "$(cat e)"'
+	 test "warning: Log for ref '"$m has gap after $gd"'." = "$(cat e)"'
 test_expect_success \
 	'Query "master@{2005-05-26 23:38:00}" (middle of history)' \
 	'rm -f o e &&
@@ -235,7 +279,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'rm -f o e &&
 	 git rev-parse --verify "master@{2005-05-28}" >o 2>e &&
 	 test '"$D"' = $(cat o) &&
-	 test "warning: Log .git/logs/'"$m unexpectedly ended on $ld"'." = "$(cat e)"'
+	 test "warning: Log for ref '"$m unexpectedly ended on $ld"'." = "$(cat e)"'
 
 
 rm -f .git/$m .git/logs/$m expect
@@ -284,4 +328,741 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'git cat-file blob master@{2005-05-26 23:42}:F (expect OTHER)' \
 	'test OTHER = $(git cat-file blob "master@{2005-05-26 23:42}:F")'
 
+a=refs/heads/a
+b=refs/heads/b
+c=refs/heads/c
+E='""'
+F='%s\0'
+pws='path with space'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin test setup' '
+	echo "$pws" >"$pws" &&
+	git add -- "$pws" &&
+	git commit -m "$pws"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-z fails without --stdin' '
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z $m $m $m 2>err &&
+	grep "usage: git update-ref" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin works with no input' '
+	>stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse --verify -q $m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on empty line' '
+	echo "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: empty command in input" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on only whitespace' '
+	echo " " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on leading whitespace' '
+	echo " create $a $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  create $a $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on unknown command' '
+	echo "unknown $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: unknown $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on unbalanced quotes' '
+	echo "create $a \"master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: badly quoted argument: \\\"master" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on invalid escape' '
+	echo "create $a \"ma\zter\"" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: badly quoted argument: \\\"ma\\\\zter\\\"" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails on junk after quoted argument' '
+	echo "create \"$a\"master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unexpected character after quoted argument: \\\"$a\\\"master" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with no ref' '
+	echo "create " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with no new value' '
+	echo "create $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a: missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails create with too many arguments' '
+	echo "create $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a: extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with no ref' '
+	echo "update " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with no new value' '
+	echo "update $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a: missing <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails update with too many arguments' '
+	echo "update $a $m $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a: extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails delete with no ref' '
+	echo "delete " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails delete with too many arguments' '
+	echo "delete $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a: extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails verify with too many arguments' '
+	echo "verify $a $m $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: verify $a: extra input:  $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails option with unknown name' '
+	echo "option unknown" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: option unknown: unknown" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin fails with duplicate refs' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	create $a $m
+	create $b $m
+	create $a $m
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref works' '
+	echo "create $a $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin succeeds with quoted argument' '
+	git update-ref -d $a &&
+	echo "create $a \"$m\"" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin succeeds with escaped character' '
+	git update-ref -d $a &&
+	echo "create $a \"ma\\163ter\"" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref creates with zero old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m $Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref creates with empty old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m $E" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref works with path with space to blob' '
+	echo "create refs/blobs/pws \"$m:$pws\"" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse "$m:$pws" >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/blobs/pws >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/blobs/pws
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	echo "update $c $m $m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref fails with bad old value' '
+	echo "update $c $m does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $c: invalid <oldvalue>: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref fails with bad new value' '
+	echo "create $c does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c: invalid <newvalue>: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin create ref fails with zero new value' '
+	echo "create $c " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c: zero <newvalue>" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update ref works with right old value' '
+	echo "update $b $m~1 $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	echo "delete $a $m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$a'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref fails with zero old value' '
+	echo "delete $a " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a: zero <oldvalue>" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	option no-deref
+	update TESTSYMREF $a $b
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse TESTSYMREF >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	option no-deref
+	delete TESTSYMREF $b
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q TESTSYMREF &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete ref works with right old value' '
+	echo "delete $b $m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update/create/verify combination works' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m
+	create $b $m
+	verify $c
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify succeeds for correct value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	echo "verify $m $m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify succeeds for missing reference' '
+	echo "verify refs/heads/missing $Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q refs/heads/missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify treats no value as missing' '
+	echo "verify refs/heads/missing" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q refs/heads/missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify fails for wrong value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	echo "verify $m $m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify fails for mistaken null value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	echo "verify $m $Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin verify fails for mistaken empty value' '
+	M=$(git rev-parse $m) &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref $m $M" &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	echo "verify $m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update refs works with identity updates' '
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m $m
+	update $b $m $m
+	update $c $Z $E
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin update refs fails with wrong old value' '
+	git update-ref $c $m &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	update $a $m $m
+	update $b $m $m
+	update $c  ''
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin delete refs works with packed and loose refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git update-ref $c $m~1 &&
+	cat >stdin <<-EOF &&
+	delete $a $m
+	update $b $Z $m
+	update $c $E $m~1
+	EOF
+	git update-ref --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $a &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z works on empty input' '
+	>stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse --verify -q $m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on empty line' '
+	echo "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command: " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on empty command' '
+	printf $F "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: empty command in input" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on only whitespace' '
+	printf $F " " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on leading whitespace' '
+	printf $F " create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: whitespace before command:  create $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails on unknown command' '
+	printf $F "unknown $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: unknown $a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with no ref' '
+	printf $F "create " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with no new value' '
+	printf $F "create $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $a: unexpected end of input when reading <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails create with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no ref' '
+	printf $F "update " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with too few args' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a: unexpected end of input when reading <oldvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z emits warning with empty new value' '
+	git update-ref $a $m &&
+	printf $F "update $a" "" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "warning: update $a: missing <newvalue>, treating as zero" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no new value' '
+	printf $F "update $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a: unexpected end of input when reading <newvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with no old value' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $a: unexpected end of input when reading <oldvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails update with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with no ref' '
+	printf $F "delete " >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete: missing <ref>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with no old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a: unexpected end of input when reading <oldvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails delete with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails verify with too many arguments' '
+	printf $F "verify $a" "$m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: unknown command: $m" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails verify with no old value' '
+	printf $F "verify $a" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: verify $a: unexpected end of input when reading <oldvalue>" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails option with unknown name' '
+	printf $F "option unknown" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: option unknown: unknown" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z fails with duplicate refs' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" "create $b" "$m" "create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Multiple updates for ref '"'"'$a'"'"' not allowed." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref works' '
+	printf $F "create $a" "$m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref creates with zero old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref creates with empty old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref works with path with space to blob' '
+	printf $F "create refs/blobs/pws" "$m:$pws" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse "$m:$pws" >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/blobs/pws >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/blobs/pws
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	printf $F "update $c" "$m" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref fails with bad old value' '
+	printf $F "update $c" "$m" "does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: update $c: invalid <oldvalue>: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref fails when ref exists' '
+	git update-ref $c $m &&
+	git rev-parse "$c" >expect &&
+	printf $F "create $c" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse "$c" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref fails with bad new value' '
+	git update-ref -d "$c" &&
+	printf $F "create $c" "does-not-exist" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c: invalid <newvalue>: does-not-exist" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z create ref fails with empty new value' '
+	printf $F "create $c" "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: create $c: missing <newvalue>" err &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update ref works with right old value' '
+	printf $F "update $b" "$m~1" "$m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref fails with wrong old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$a'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref fails with zero old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: delete $a: zero <oldvalue>" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	printf $F "option no-deref" "update TESTSYMREF" "$a" "$b" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse TESTSYMREF >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete symref works option no-deref' '
+	git symbolic-ref TESTSYMREF $b &&
+	printf $F "option no-deref" "delete TESTSYMREF" "$b" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q TESTSYMREF &&
+	git rev-parse $m~1 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete ref works with right old value' '
+	printf $F "delete $b" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update/create/verify combination works' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "" "create $b" "$m" "verify $c" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify succeeds for correct value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	printf $F "verify $m" "$m" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify succeeds for missing reference' '
+	printf $F "verify refs/heads/missing" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q refs/heads/missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify treats no value as missing' '
+	printf $F "verify refs/heads/missing" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q refs/heads/missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify fails for wrong value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	printf $F "verify $m" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify fails for mistaken null value' '
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	printf $F "verify $m" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z verify fails for mistaken empty value' '
+	M=$(git rev-parse $m) &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref $m $M" &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	printf $F "verify $m" "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update refs works with identity updates' '
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "update $b" "$m" "$m" "update $c" "$Z" "" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z update refs fails with wrong old value' '
+	git update-ref $c $m &&
+	printf $F "update $a" "$m" "$m" "update $b" "$m" "$m" "update $c" "$m" "$Z" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: Cannot lock the ref '"'"'$c'"'"'" err &&
+	git rev-parse $m >expect &&
+	git rev-parse $a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rev-parse $c >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin -z delete refs works with packed and loose refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git update-ref $c $m~1 &&
+	printf $F "delete $a" "$m" "update $b" "$Z" "$m" "update $c" "" "$m~1" >stdin &&
+	git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $a &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $b &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q $c
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
index 2c96551ed0..36378b0e3f 100755
--- a/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t1401-symbolic-ref.sh
@@ -33,4 +33,34 @@ test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref refuses bare sha1' '
 '
 reset_to_sane
 
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref deletes HEAD' '
+	git symbolic-ref -d HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/HEAD
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref deletes dangling HEAD' '
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/missing &&
+	git symbolic-ref -d HEAD &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/missing &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/HEAD
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref fails to delete missing FOO' '
+	echo "fatal: Cannot delete FOO, not a symbolic ref" >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref -d FOO >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
+test_expect_success 'symbolic-ref fails to delete real ref' '
+	echo "fatal: Cannot delete refs/heads/foo, not a symbolic ref" >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref -d refs/heads/foo >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+reset_to_sane
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
index 1ae4d87c92..e5dc62e9ef 100755
--- a/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
+++ b/t/t1402-check-ref-format.sh
@@ -7,38 +7,40 @@ test_description='Test git check-ref-format'
 valid_ref() {
 	prereq=
 	case $1 in
-	[A-Z]*)
+	[A-Z!]*)
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
-	test_expect_success $prereq "ref name '$1' is valid${2:+ with options $2}" "
+	desc="ref name '$1' is valid${2:+ with options $2}"
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$desc" "
 		git check-ref-format $2 '$1'
 	"
 }
 invalid_ref() {
 	prereq=
 	case $1 in
-	[A-Z]*)
+	[A-Z!]*)
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
-	test_expect_success $prereq "ref name '$1' is invalid${2:+ with options $2}" "
+	desc="ref name '$1' is invalid${2:+ with options $2}"
+	test_expect_success $prereq "$desc" "
 		test_must_fail git check-ref-format $2 '$1'
 	"
 }
 
 invalid_ref ''
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW '/'
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW '/' --allow-onelevel
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW '/' --normalize
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW '/' '--allow-onelevel --normalize'
+invalid_ref !MINGW '/'
+invalid_ref !MINGW '/' --allow-onelevel
+invalid_ref !MINGW '/' --normalize
+invalid_ref !MINGW '/' '--allow-onelevel --normalize'
 valid_ref 'foo/bar/baz'
 valid_ref 'foo/bar/baz' --normalize
 invalid_ref 'refs///heads/foo'
 valid_ref 'refs///heads/foo' --normalize
 invalid_ref 'heads/foo/'
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW '/heads/foo'
-valid_ref NOT_MINGW '/heads/foo' --normalize
+invalid_ref !MINGW '/heads/foo'
+valid_ref !MINGW '/heads/foo' --normalize
 invalid_ref '///heads/foo'
 valid_ref '///heads/foo' --normalize
 invalid_ref './foo'
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ invalid_ref './foo/bar'
 invalid_ref 'foo/./bar'
 invalid_ref 'foo/bar/.'
 invalid_ref '.refs/foo'
+invalid_ref 'refs/heads/foo.'
 invalid_ref 'heads/foo..bar'
 invalid_ref 'heads/foo?bar'
 valid_ref 'foo./bar'
@@ -117,14 +120,14 @@ invalid_ref "$ref" --refspec-pattern
 invalid_ref "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --allow-onelevel'
 
 ref='/foo'
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref"
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" --allow-onelevel
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" --refspec-pattern
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --allow-onelevel'
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" --normalize
-valid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" '--allow-onelevel --normalize'
-invalid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --normalize'
-valid_ref NOT_MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --allow-onelevel --normalize'
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref"
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref" --allow-onelevel
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref" --refspec-pattern
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --allow-onelevel'
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref" --normalize
+valid_ref !MINGW "$ref" '--allow-onelevel --normalize'
+invalid_ref !MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --normalize'
+valid_ref !MINGW "$ref" '--refspec-pattern --allow-onelevel --normalize'
 
 test_expect_success "check-ref-format --branch @{-1}" '
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -159,7 +162,7 @@ test_expect_success 'check-ref-format --branch from subdir' '
 valid_ref_normalized() {
 	prereq=
 	case $1 in
-	[A-Z]*)
+	[A-Z!]*)
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
@@ -171,7 +174,7 @@ valid_ref_normalized() {
 invalid_ref_normalized() {
 	prereq=
 	case $1 in
-	[A-Z]*)
+	[A-Z!]*)
 		prereq=$1
 		shift
 	esac
@@ -182,10 +185,10 @@ invalid_ref_normalized() {
 
 valid_ref_normalized 'heads/foo' 'heads/foo'
 valid_ref_normalized 'refs///heads/foo' 'refs/heads/foo'
-valid_ref_normalized NOT_MINGW '/heads/foo' 'heads/foo'
+valid_ref_normalized !MINGW '/heads/foo' 'heads/foo'
 valid_ref_normalized '///heads/foo' 'heads/foo'
 invalid_ref_normalized 'foo'
-invalid_ref_normalized NOT_MINGW '/foo'
+invalid_ref_normalized !MINGW '/foo'
 invalid_ref_normalized 'heads/foo/../bar'
 invalid_ref_normalized 'heads/./foo'
 invalid_ref_normalized 'heads\foo'
diff --git a/t/t1403-show-ref.sh b/t/t1403-show-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7e10bcfe39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1403-show-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='show-ref'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit A &&
+	git tag -f -a -m "annotated A" A &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	git tag -f -a -m "annotated B" B &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit C &&
+	git branch B A^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref' '
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A >expect &&
+
+	git show-ref A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref D >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref -q' '
+	>expect &&
+
+	git show-ref -q A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -q tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -q refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -q D >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --verify' '
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A >expect &&
+
+	git show-ref --verify refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify D >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --verify -q' '
+	>expect &&
+
+	git show-ref --verify -q refs/tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q tags/A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref --verify -q D >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref -d' '
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) refs/tags/A &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/A^0) "refs/tags/A^{}"
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/C) refs/tags/C
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref -d A C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d tags/A tags/C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d refs/tags/A refs/tags/C >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master) refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git show-ref -d master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git show-ref -d --verify refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	>expect &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -d --verify master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_must_fail git show-ref -d --verify heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show-ref --heads, --tags, --head, pattern' '
+	for branch in B master side
+	do
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/$branch) refs/heads/$branch
+	done >expect.heads &&
+	git show-ref --heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.heads actual &&
+
+	for tag in A B C
+	do
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/$tag) refs/tags/$tag
+	done >expect.tags &&
+	git show-ref --tags >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.tags actual &&
+
+	cat expect.heads expect.tags >expect &&
+	git show-ref --heads --tags >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		cat expect.heads expect.tags
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --heads --tags --head >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/B) refs/heads/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B) refs/tags/B
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --head B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	{
+		echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) HEAD &&
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/heads/B) refs/heads/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B) refs/tags/B
+		echo $(git rev-parse refs/tags/B^0) "refs/tags/B^{}"
+	} >expect &&
+	git show-ref --head -d B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1410-reflog.sh b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
index 252fc82837..779d4e3829 100755
--- a/t/t1410-reflog.sh
+++ b/t/t1410-reflog.sh
@@ -100,8 +100,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	check_fsck &&
 
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 4
+	test_line_count = 4 .git/logs/refs/heads/master
 '
 
 test_expect_success rewind '
@@ -117,8 +116,7 @@ test_expect_success rewind '
 
 	check_have A B C D E F G H I J K L &&
 
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 5
+	test_line_count = 5 .git/logs/refs/heads/master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'corrupt and check' '
@@ -136,8 +134,7 @@ test_expect_success 'reflog expire --dry-run should not touch reflog' '
 		--stale-fix \
 		--all &&
 
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 5 &&
+	test_line_count = 5 .git/logs/refs/heads/master &&
 
 	check_fsck "missing blob $F"
 '
@@ -150,8 +147,7 @@ test_expect_success 'reflog expire' '
 		--stale-fix \
 		--all &&
 
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 2 &&
+	test_line_count = 2 .git/logs/refs/heads/master &&
 
 	check_fsck "dangling commit $K"
 '
@@ -217,9 +213,7 @@ test_expect_success 'delete' '
 test_expect_success 'rewind2' '
 
 	test_tick && git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 4
-
+	test_line_count = 4 .git/logs/refs/heads/master
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--expire=never' '
@@ -228,9 +222,7 @@ test_expect_success '--expire=never' '
 		--expire=never \
 		--expire-unreachable=never \
 		--all &&
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 4
-
+	test_line_count = 4 .git/logs/refs/heads/master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'gc.reflogexpire=never' '
@@ -238,8 +230,7 @@ test_expect_success 'gc.reflogexpire=never' '
 	git config gc.reflogexpire never &&
 	git config gc.reflogexpireunreachable never &&
 	git reflog expire --verbose --all &&
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 4
+	test_line_count = 4 .git/logs/refs/heads/master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'gc.reflogexpire=false' '
@@ -247,12 +238,83 @@ test_expect_success 'gc.reflogexpire=false' '
 	git config gc.reflogexpire false &&
 	git config gc.reflogexpireunreachable false &&
 	git reflog expire --verbose --all &&
-	loglen=$(wc -l <.git/logs/refs/heads/master) &&
-	test $loglen = 4 &&
+	test_line_count = 4 .git/logs/refs/heads/master &&
 
 	git config --unset gc.reflogexpire &&
 	git config --unset gc.reflogexpireunreachable
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checkout should not delete log for packed ref' '
+	test $(git reflog master | wc -l) = 4 &&
+	git branch foo &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git checkout foo &&
+	test $(git reflog master | wc -l) = 4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stale dirs do not cause d/f conflicts (reflogs on)' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -d one || git branch -d one/two" &&
+
+	git branch one/two master &&
+	echo "one/two@{0} branch: Created from master" >expect &&
+	git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one/two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git branch -d one/two &&
+
+	# now logs/refs/heads/one is a stale directory, but
+	# we should move it out of the way to create "one" reflog
+	git branch one master &&
+	echo "one@{0} branch: Created from master" >expect &&
+	git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stale dirs do not cause d/f conflicts (reflogs off)' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -d one || git branch -d one/two" &&
+
+	git branch one/two master &&
+	echo "one/two@{0} branch: Created from master" >expect &&
+	git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one/two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git branch -d one/two &&
+
+	# same as before, but we only create a reflog for "one" if
+	# it already exists, which it does not
+	git -c core.logallrefupdates=false branch one master &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# Triggering the bug detected by this test requires a newline to fall
+# exactly BUFSIZ-1 bytes from the end of the file. We don't know
+# what that value is, since it's platform dependent. However, if
+# we choose some value N, we also catch any D which divides N evenly
+# (since we will read backwards in chunks of D). So we choose 8K,
+# which catches glibc (with an 8K BUFSIZ) and *BSD (1K).
+#
+# Each line is 114 characters, so we need 75 to still have a few before the
+# last 8K. The 89-character padding on the final entry lines up our
+# newline exactly.
+test_expect_success 'parsing reverse reflogs at BUFSIZ boundaries' '
+	git checkout -b reflogskip &&
+	z38=00000000000000000000000000000000000000 &&
+	ident="abc <xyz> 0000000001 +0000" &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 75); do
+		printf "$z38%02d $z38%02d %s\t" $i $(($i+1)) "$ident" &&
+		if test $i = 75; then
+			for j in $(test_seq 1 89); do
+				printf X
+			done
+		else
+			printf X
+		fi &&
+		printf "\n"
+	done >.git/logs/refs/heads/reflogskip &&
+	git rev-parse reflogskip@{73} >actual &&
+	echo ${z38}03 >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh b/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
index caa687b5b4..6f47c0dd0e 100755
--- a/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
+++ b/t/t1411-reflog-show.sh
@@ -65,20 +65,73 @@ test_expect_success 'using @{now} syntax shows reflog date (oneline)' '
 '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
-Reflog: HEAD@{1112911993 -0700} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
+HEAD@{Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700}
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'using @{now} syntax shows reflog date (format=%gd)' '
+	git log -g -1 --format=%gd HEAD@{now} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+Reflog: HEAD@{Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
 Reflog message: commit (initial): one
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'using --date= shows reflog date (multiline)' '
-	git log -g -1 --date=raw >tmp &&
+	git log -g -1 --date=default >tmp &&
 	grep ^Reflog <tmp >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
-e46513e HEAD@{1112911993 -0700}: commit (initial): one
+e46513e HEAD@{Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700}: commit (initial): one
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'using --date= shows reflog date (oneline)' '
-	git log -g -1 --oneline --date=raw >actual &&
+	git log -g -1 --oneline --date=default >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+HEAD@{1112911993 -0700}
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'using --date= shows reflog date (format=%gd)' '
+	git log -g -1 --format=%gd --date=raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+Reflog: HEAD@{0} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
+Reflog message: commit (initial): one
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'log.date does not invoke "--date" magic (multiline)' '
+	test_config log.date raw &&
+	git log -g -1 >tmp &&
+	grep ^Reflog <tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+e46513e HEAD@{0}: commit (initial): one
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'log.date does not invoke "--date" magic (oneline)' '
+	test_config log.date raw &&
+	git log -g -1 --oneline >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+HEAD@{0}
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'log.date does not invoke "--date" magic (format=%gd)' '
+	test_config log.date raw &&
+	git log -g -1 --format=%gd >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+HEAD@{0}
+EOF
+test_expect_success '--date magic does not override explicit @{0} syntax' '
+	git log -g -1 --format=%gd --date=raw HEAD@{0} >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -91,4 +144,26 @@ test_expect_success 'empty reflog file' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+# This guards against the alternative of showing the diffs vs. the
+# reflog ancestor.  The reflog used is designed to list the commits
+# more than once, so as to exercise the corresponding logic.
+test_expect_success 'git log -g -p shows diffs vs. parents' '
+	test_commit two &&
+	git branch flipflop &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flip1 HEAD^ &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flop1 HEAD &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/flipflop -m flip2 HEAD^ &&
+	git log -g -p flipflop >reflog &&
+	grep -v ^Reflog reflog >actual &&
+	git log -1 -p HEAD^ >log.one &&
+	git log -1 -p HEAD >log.two &&
+	(
+		cat log.one; echo
+		cat log.two; echo
+		cat log.one; echo
+		cat log.two
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1413-reflog-detach.sh b/t/t1413-reflog-detach.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c730600d8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1413-reflog-detach.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test reflog interaction with detached HEAD'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+reset_state () {
+	git checkout master &&
+	cp saved_reflog .git/logs/HEAD
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m initial &&
+	git branch side &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m second &&
+	cat .git/logs/HEAD >saved_reflog
+'
+
+test_expect_success baseline '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse master master^ >expect &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to branch' '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse side master master^ >expect &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detach to other' '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse master side master master^ >expect &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detach to self' '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse master master master^ >expect &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attach to self' '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse master master master master^ >expect &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attach to other' '
+	reset_state &&
+	git rev-parse side master master master^ >expect &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git checkout side &&
+	git log -g --format=%H >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1430-bad-ref-name.sh b/t/t1430-bad-ref-name.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..468e85621a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1430-bad-ref-name.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test handling of ref names that check-ref-format rejects'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-import: fail on invalid branch name ".badbranchname"' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*" &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+		commit .badbranchname
+		committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		data <<COMMIT
+		corrupt
+		COMMIT
+
+		from refs/heads/master
+
+	INPUT_END
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-import: fail on invalid branch name "bad[branch]name"' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*" &&
+	cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+		commit bad[branch]name
+		committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		data <<COMMIT
+		corrupt
+		COMMIT
+
+		from refs/heads/master
+
+	INPUT_END
+	test_must_fail git fast-import <input
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows badly named ref' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch >output &&
+	grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -d can delete badly named ref' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch -d broken...ref &&
+	git branch >output &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -D can delete badly named ref' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch -D broken...ref &&
+	git branch >output &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -D cannot delete non-ref in .git dir' '
+	echo precious >.git/my-private-file &&
+	echo precious >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -D ../../my-private-file &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/my-private-file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -D cannot delete absolute path' '
+	git branch -f extra &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -D "$(pwd)/.git/refs/heads/extra" &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD extra
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch cannot create a badly named ref' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	test_must_fail git branch broken...ref &&
+	git branch >output &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch -m cannot rename to a bad ref name' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D goodref &&
+	git branch goodref &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m goodref broken...ref &&
+	test_cmp_rev master goodref &&
+	git branch >output &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'branch -m can rename from a bad ref name' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch -m broken...ref renamed &&
+	test_cmp_rev master renamed &&
+	git branch >output &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push cannot create a badly named ref' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	test_must_fail git push "file://$(pwd)" HEAD:refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	git branch >output &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'push --mirror can delete badly named ref' '
+	top=$(pwd) &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init dest &&
+
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dest &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git checkout --detach &&
+		cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref
+	) &&
+	git -C src push --mirror "file://$top/dest" &&
+	git -C dest branch >output &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse skips symref pointing to broken name' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git branch shadow one &&
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/tags/shadow refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+
+	git rev-parse --verify one >expect &&
+	git rev-parse --verify shadow >actual 2>err &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "ignoring.*refs/tags/shadow" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --no-deref -d can delete reference to broken name' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/badname refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/badname" &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/badname &&
+	git update-ref --no-deref -d refs/heads/badname &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/badname
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref -d can delete broken name' '
+	cp .git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/refs/heads/broken...ref" &&
+	git update-ref -d refs/heads/broken...ref &&
+	git branch >output &&
+	! grep -e "broken\.\.\.ref" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref -d cannot delete non-ref in .git dir' '
+	echo precious >.git/my-private-file &&
+	echo precious >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -d my-private-file &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/my-private-file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref -d cannot delete absolute path' '
+	git branch -f extra &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -d "$(pwd)/.git/refs/heads/extra" &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD extra
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin fails create with bad ref name' '
+	echo "create ~a refs/heads/master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin fails update with bad ref name' '
+	echo "update ~a refs/heads/master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin fails delete with bad ref name' '
+	echo "delete ~a refs/heads/master" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin -z fails create with bad ref name' '
+	printf "%s\0" "create ~a " refs/heads/master >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a " err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin -z fails update with bad ref name' '
+	printf "%s\0" "update ~a" refs/heads/master "" >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update-ref --stdin -z fails delete with bad ref name' '
+	printf "%s\0" "delete ~a" refs/heads/master >stdin &&
+	test_must_fail git update-ref -z --stdin <stdin 2>err &&
+	grep "fatal: invalid ref format: ~a" err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1450-fsck.sh b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
index 5b79c51b8c..cfb32b6242 100755
--- a/t/t1450-fsck.sh
+++ b/t/t1450-fsck.sh
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ test_expect_success 'object with bad sha1' '
 	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus $cmt &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
 
-	test_might_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "$sha.*corrupt" out
 '
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ test_expect_success 'email with embedded > is not okay' '
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
 	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
-	git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "error in commit $new" out
 '
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ test_expect_success 'missing < email delimiter is reported nicely' '
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
 	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
-	git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "error in commit $new.* - bad name" out
 '
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ test_expect_success 'missing email is reported nicely' '
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
 	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
-	git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "error in commit $new.* - missing email" out
 '
@@ -137,11 +137,45 @@ test_expect_success '> in name is reported' '
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
 	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
-	git fsck 2>out &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
 	cat out &&
 	grep "error in commit $new" out
 '
 
+# date is 2^64 + 1
+test_expect_success 'integer overflow in timestamps is reported' '
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >basis &&
+	sed "s/^\\(author .*>\\) [0-9]*/\\1 18446744073709551617/" \
+		<basis >bad-timestamp &&
+	new=$(git hash-object -t commit -w --stdin <bad-timestamp) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $new" &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/bogus "$new" &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/heads/bogus" &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	cat out &&
+	grep "error in commit $new.*integer overflow" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'malformatted tree object' '
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/tags/wrong" &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object \$T" &&
+	T=$(
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE=test-index &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		rm -f test-index &&
+		>x &&
+		git add x &&
+		T=$(git write-tree) &&
+		(
+			git cat-file tree $T &&
+			git cat-file tree $T
+		) |
+		git hash-object -w -t tree --stdin
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>out &&
+	grep "error in tree .*contains duplicate file entries" out
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'tag pointing to nonexistent' '
 	cat >invalid-tag <<-\EOF &&
 	object ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
@@ -177,9 +211,49 @@ test_expect_success 'tag pointing to something else than its type' '
 	test_when_finished "remove_object $tag" &&
 	echo $tag >.git/refs/tags/wrong &&
 	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/tags/wrong" &&
+	test_must_fail git fsck --tags
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tag with incorrect tag name & missing tagger' '
+	sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	cat >wrong-tag <<-EOF &&
+	object $sha
+	type commit
+	tag wrong name format
+
+	This is an invalid tag.
+	EOF
+
+	tag=$(git hash-object -t tag -w --stdin <wrong-tag) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $tag" &&
+	echo $tag >.git/refs/tags/wrong &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/tags/wrong" &&
+	git fsck --tags 2>out &&
+
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	warning in tag $tag: invalid '\''tag'\'' name: wrong name format
+	warning in tag $tag: invalid format - expected '\''tagger'\'' line
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tag with bad tagger' '
+	sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	cat >wrong-tag <<-EOF &&
+	object $sha
+	type commit
+	tag not-quite-wrong
+	tagger Bad Tagger Name
+
+	This is an invalid tag.
+	EOF
+
+	tag=$(git hash-object --literally -t tag -w --stdin <wrong-tag) &&
+	test_when_finished "remove_object $tag" &&
+	echo $tag >.git/refs/tags/wrong &&
+	test_when_finished "git update-ref -d refs/tags/wrong" &&
 	test_must_fail git fsck --tags 2>out &&
-	cat out &&
-	grep "error in tag.*broken links" out
+	grep "error in tag .*: invalid author/committer" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cleaned up' '
@@ -213,4 +287,137 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-list --verify-objects with bad sha1' '
 	grep -q "error: sha1 mismatch 63ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff" out
 '
 
+_bz='\0'
+_bz5="$_bz$_bz$_bz$_bz$_bz"
+_bz20="$_bz5$_bz5$_bz5$_bz5"
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices blob entry pointing to null sha1' '
+	(git init null-blob &&
+	 cd null-blob &&
+	 sha=$(printf "100644 file$_bz$_bz20" |
+	       git hash-object -w --stdin -t tree) &&
+	  git fsck 2>out &&
+	  cat out &&
+	  grep "warning.*null sha1" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices submodule entry pointing to null sha1' '
+	(git init null-commit &&
+	 cd null-commit &&
+	 sha=$(printf "160000 submodule$_bz$_bz20" |
+	       git hash-object -w --stdin -t tree) &&
+	  git fsck 2>out &&
+	  cat out &&
+	  grep "warning.*null sha1" out
+	)
+'
+
+while read name path pretty; do
+	while read mode type; do
+		: ${pretty:=$path}
+		test_expect_success "fsck notices $pretty as $type" '
+		(
+			git init $name-$type &&
+			cd $name-$type &&
+			echo content >file &&
+			git add file &&
+			git commit -m base &&
+			blob=$(git rev-parse :file) &&
+			tree=$(git rev-parse HEAD^{tree}) &&
+			value=$(eval "echo \$$type") &&
+			printf "$mode $type %s\t%s" "$value" "$path" >bad &&
+			bad_tree=$(git mktree <bad) &&
+			git fsck 2>out &&
+			cat out &&
+			grep "warning.*tree $bad_tree" out
+		)'
+	done <<-\EOF
+	100644 blob
+	040000 tree
+	EOF
+done <<-EOF
+dot .
+dotdot ..
+dotgit .git
+dotgit-case .GIT
+dotgit-unicode .gI${u200c}T .gI{u200c}T
+dotgit-case2 .Git
+git-tilde1 git~1
+dotgitdot .git.
+dot-backslash-case .\\\\.GIT\\\\foobar
+dotgit-case-backslash .git\\\\foobar
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck allows .Ňit' '
+	(
+		git init not-dotgit &&
+		cd not-dotgit &&
+		echo content >file &&
+		git add file &&
+		git commit -m base &&
+		blob=$(git rev-parse :file) &&
+		printf "100644 blob $blob\t.\\305\\207it" >tree &&
+		tree=$(git mktree <tree) &&
+		git fsck 2>err &&
+		test_line_count = 0 err
+	)
+'
+
+# create a static test repo which is broken by omitting
+# one particular object ($1, which is looked up via rev-parse
+# in the new repository).
+create_repo_missing () {
+	rm -rf missing &&
+	git init missing &&
+	(
+		cd missing &&
+		git commit -m one --allow-empty &&
+		mkdir subdir &&
+		echo content >subdir/file &&
+		git add subdir/file &&
+		git commit -m two &&
+		unrelated=$(echo unrelated | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+		git tag -m foo tag $unrelated &&
+		sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
+		path=$(echo $sha1 | sed 's|..|&/|') &&
+		rm .git/objects/$path
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices missing blob' '
+	create_repo_missing HEAD:subdir/file &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices missing subtree' '
+	create_repo_missing HEAD:subdir &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices missing root tree' '
+	create_repo_missing HEAD^{tree} &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices missing parent' '
+	create_repo_missing HEAD^ &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices missing tagged object' '
+	create_repo_missing tag^{blob} &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices ref pointing to missing commit' '
+	create_repo_missing HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices ref pointing to missing tag' '
+	create_repo_missing tag &&
+	test_must_fail git -C missing fsck
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1501-worktree.sh b/t/t1501-worktree.sh
index e661147c57..8f36aa9fc4 100755
--- a/t/t1501-worktree.sh
+++ b/t/t1501-worktree.sh
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test_expect_success 'inside work tree' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'empty prefix is actually written out' '
+test_expect_success 'empty prefix is actually written out' '
 	echo >expected &&
 	(
 		cd work &&
diff --git a/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh b/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
index 1efd7f76dd..ebe7c3b87c 100755
--- a/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
+++ b/t/t1502-rev-parse-parseopt.sh
@@ -3,58 +3,82 @@
 test_description='test git rev-parse --parseopt'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-cat > expect <<\END_EXPECT
-cat <<\EOF
-usage: some-command [options] <args>...
-
-    some-command does foo and bar!
-
-    -h, --help            show the help
-    --foo                 some nifty option --foo
-    --bar ...             some cool option --bar with an argument
-
-An option group Header
-    -C[...]               option C with an optional argument
-
-Extras
-    --extra1              line above used to cause a segfault but no longer does
-
-EOF
+sed -e 's/^|//' >expect <<\END_EXPECT
+|cat <<\EOF
+|usage: some-command [options] <args>...
+|
+|    some-command does foo and bar!
+|
+|    -h, --help            show the help
+|    --foo                 some nifty option --foo
+|    --bar ...             some cool option --bar with an argument
+|    -b, --baz             a short and long option
+|
+|An option group Header
+|    -C[...]               option C with an optional argument
+|    -d, --data[=...]      short and long option with an optional argument
+|
+|Argument hints
+|    -B <arg>              short option required argument
+|    --bar2 <arg>          long option required argument
+|    -e, --fuz <with-space>
+|                          short and long option required argument
+|    -s[<some>]            short option optional argument
+|    --long[=<data>]       long option optional argument
+|    -g, --fluf[=<path>]   short and long option optional argument
+|    --longest <very-long-argument-hint>
+|                          a very long argument hint
+|
+|Extras
+|    --extra1              line above used to cause a segfault but no longer does
+|
+|EOF
 END_EXPECT
 
-cat > optionspec << EOF
-some-command [options] <args>...
-
-some-command does foo and bar!
---
-h,help    show the help
-
-foo       some nifty option --foo
-bar=      some cool option --bar with an argument
-
- An option group Header
-C?        option C with an optional argument
-
-Extras
-extra1    line above used to cause a segfault but no longer does
+sed -e 's/^|//' >optionspec <<\EOF
+|some-command [options] <args>...
+|
+|some-command does foo and bar!
+|--
+|h,help    show the help
+|
+|foo       some nifty option --foo
+|bar=      some cool option --bar with an argument
+|b,baz     a short and long option
+|
+| An option group Header
+|C?        option C with an optional argument
+|d,data?   short and long option with an optional argument
+|
+| Argument hints
+|B=arg     short option required argument
+|bar2=arg  long option required argument
+|e,fuz=with-space  short and long option required argument
+|s?some    short option optional argument
+|long?data long option optional argument
+|g,fluf?path     short and long option optional argument
+|longest=very-long-argument-hint  a very long argument hint
+|
+|Extras
+|extra1    line above used to cause a segfault but no longer does
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt help output' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git rev-parse --parseopt -- -h > output < optionspec &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 cat > expect <<EOF
-set -- --foo --bar 'ham' -- 'arg'
+set -- --foo --bar 'ham' -b -- 'arg'
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt' '
-	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo --bar=ham arg < optionspec > output &&
+	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo --bar=ham --baz arg < optionspec > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'test --parseopt with mixed options and arguments' '
-	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo arg --bar=ham < optionspec > output &&
+	git rev-parse --parseopt -- --foo arg --bar=ham --baz < optionspec > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
@@ -99,4 +123,36 @@ test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --keep-dashdash --stop-at-non-option withou
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
+cat > expect <<EOF
+set -- --foo --bar='z' --baz -C'Z' --data='A' -- 'arg'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --stuck-long' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt --stuck-long -- --foo --bar=z -b arg -CZ -dA <optionspec >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+set -- --data='' -C --baz -- 'arg'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --stuck-long and empty optional argument' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt --stuck-long -- --data= arg -C -b <optionspec >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+cat > expect <<EOF
+set -- --data --baz -- 'arg'
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --stuck-long and long option with unset optional argument' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt --stuck-long -- --data arg -b <optionspec >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --parseopt --stuck-long and short option with unset optional argument' '
+	git rev-parse --parseopt --stuck-long -- -d arg -b <optionspec >output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh b/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh
index 813cc1b3e2..823fe1d799 100755
--- a/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh
+++ b/t/t1503-rev-parse-verify.sh
@@ -72,15 +72,42 @@ test_expect_success 'fails with any bad rev or many good revs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'fails silently when using -q' '
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify --quiet 2>error &&
-	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse -q --verify foo 2>error &&
-	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify -q HEAD bar 2>error &&
-	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse --quiet --verify baz HEAD 2>error &&
-	test -z "$(cat error)" &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse -q --verify $HASH2 HEAD 2>error &&
-	test -z "$(cat error)"
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fails silently when using -q with deleted reflogs' '
+	ref=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	: >.git/logs/refs/test &&
+	git update-ref -m "message for refs/test" refs/test "$ref" &&
+	git reflog delete --updateref --rewrite refs/test@{0} &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse -q --verify refs/test@{0} >error 2>&1 &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fails silently when using -q with not enough reflogs' '
+	ref=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	: >.git/logs/refs/test2 &&
+	git update-ref -m "message for refs/test2" refs/test2 "$ref" &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse -q --verify refs/test2@{999} >error 2>&1 &&
+	test_must_be_empty error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'succeeds silently with -q and reflogs that do not go far back enough in time' '
+	ref=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	: >.git/logs/refs/test3 &&
+	git update-ref -m "message for refs/test3" refs/test3 "$ref" &&
+	git rev-parse -q --verify refs/test3@{1.year.ago} >actual 2>error &&
+	test_must_be_empty error &&
+	echo "$ref" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'no stdout output on error' '
diff --git a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
index cce87a5ab5..3d51615e42 100755
--- a/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
+++ b/t/t1504-ceiling-dirs.sh
@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ test_prefix ceil_at_sub ""
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
 test_prefix ceil_at_sub_slash ""
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	ln -s sub top
+fi
 
 mkdir -p sub/dir || exit 1
 cd sub/dir || exit 1
@@ -68,6 +72,19 @@ test_fail subdir_ceil_at_sub
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/"
 test_fail subdir_ceil_at_sub_slash
 
+if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+then
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/top"
+	test_fail subdir_ceil_at_top
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/top/"
+	test_fail subdir_ceil_at_top_slash
+
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=":$TRASH_ROOT/top"
+	test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_top_no_resolve "sub/dir/"
+	GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=":$TRASH_ROOT/top/"
+	test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_top_slash_no_resolve "sub/dir/"
+fi
+
 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_ROOT/sub/dir"
 test_prefix subdir_ceil_at_subdir "sub/dir/"
 
diff --git a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
index d709ecf8df..4969edb314 100755
--- a/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
+++ b/t/t1505-rev-parse-last.sh
@@ -32,32 +32,24 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 #
 # and 'side' should be the last branch
 
-test_rev_equivalent () {
-
-	git rev-parse "$1" > expect &&
-	git rev-parse "$2" > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
-
-}
-
 test_expect_success '@{-1} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side @{-1}
+	test_cmp_rev side @{-1}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}~2 works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side~2 @{-1}~2
+	test_cmp_rev side~2 @{-1}~2
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}^2 works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side^2 @{-1}^2
+	test_cmp_rev side^2 @{-1}^2
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-1}@{1} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
+	test_cmp_rev side@{1} @{-1}@{1}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-2} works' '
-	test_rev_equivalent master @{-2}
+	test_cmp_rev master @{-2}
 '
 
 test_expect_success '@{-3} fails' '
diff --git a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
index 0843a1c13b..613d9bfe1b 100755
--- a/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
+++ b/t/t1506-rev-parse-diagnosis.sh
@@ -171,4 +171,53 @@ test_expect_success 'relative path when startup_info is NULL' '
 	grep "BUG: startup_info struct is not initialized." error
 '
 
+test_expect_success '<commit>:file correctly diagnosed after a pathname' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse file.txt HEAD:file.txt 1>actual 2>error &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "exists on disk" error &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no such path in the working tree" error &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	file.txt
+	HEAD:file.txt
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dotdot is not an empty set' '
+	( H=$(git rev-parse HEAD) && echo $H && echo ^$H ) >expect &&
+
+	git rev-parse HEAD.. >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git rev-parse ..HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo .. >expect &&
+	git rev-parse .. >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'arg before dashdash must be a revision (missing)' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse foobar -- 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad revision" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'arg before dashdash must be a revision (file)' '
+	>foobar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse foobar -- 2>stderr &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad revision" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'arg before dashdash must be a revision (ambiguous)' '
+	>foobar &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/foobar HEAD &&
+	{
+		# we do not want to use rev-parse here, because
+		# we are testing it
+		cat .git/refs/heads/foobar &&
+		printf "%s\n" --
+	} >expect &&
+	git rev-parse foobar -- >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
index a4555510c3..1978947c41 100755
--- a/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
+++ b/t/t1507-rev-parse-upstream.sh
@@ -15,10 +15,21 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	test_commit 3 &&
 	(cd clone &&
 	 test_commit 4 &&
-	 git branch --track my-side origin/side)
-
+	 git branch --track my-side origin/side &&
+	 git branch --track local-master master &&
+	 git branch --track fun@ny origin/side &&
+	 git branch --track @funny origin/side &&
+	 git branch --track funny@ origin/side &&
+	 git remote add -t master master-only .. &&
+	 git fetch master-only &&
+	 git branch bad-upstream &&
+	 git config branch.bad-upstream.remote master-only &&
+	 git config branch.bad-upstream.merge refs/heads/side
+	)
 '
 
+sq="'"
+
 full_name () {
 	(cd clone &&
 	 git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name "$@")
@@ -29,6 +40,11 @@ commit_subject () {
 	 git show -s --pretty=format:%s "$@")
 }
 
+error_message () {
+	(cd clone &&
+	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify "$@")
+}
+
 test_expect_success '@{upstream} resolves to correct full name' '
 	test refs/remotes/origin/master = "$(full_name @{upstream})"
 '
@@ -41,6 +57,28 @@ test_expect_success 'my-side@{upstream} resolves to correct full name' '
 	test refs/remotes/origin/side = "$(full_name my-side@{u})"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'upstream of branch with @ in middle' '
+	full_name fun@ny@{u} >actual &&
+	echo refs/remotes/origin/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upstream of branch with @ at start' '
+	full_name @funny@{u} >actual &&
+	echo refs/remotes/origin/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'upstream of branch with @ at end' '
+	full_name funny@@{u} >actual &&
+	echo refs/remotes/origin/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs/heads/my-side@{upstream} does not resolve to my-side{upstream}' '
+	test_must_fail full_name refs/heads/my-side@{upstream}
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'my-side@{u} resolves to correct commit' '
 	git checkout side &&
 	test_commit 5 &&
@@ -78,13 +116,12 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout -b new my-side@{u} forks from the same' '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge my-side@{u} records the correct name' '
 (
-	sq="'\''" &&
 	cd clone || exit
 	git checkout master || exit
 	git branch -D new ;# can fail but is ok
 	git branch -t new my-side@{u} &&
 	git merge -s ours new@{u} &&
-	git show -s --pretty=format:%s >actual &&
+	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
 	echo "Merge remote-tracking branch ${sq}origin/side${sq}" >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 )
@@ -107,6 +144,64 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout other@{u}' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch@{u} works when tracking a local branch' '
+	test refs/heads/master = "$(full_name local-master@{u})"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message when no upstream' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	fatal: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}non-tracking${sq}
+	EOF
+	error_message non-tracking@{u} 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{u} error message when no upstream' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	fatal: No upstream configured for branch ${sq}master${sq}
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify @{u} 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message with misspelt branch' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	fatal: No such branch: ${sq}no-such-branch${sq}
+	EOF
+	error_message no-such-branch@{u} 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{u} error message when not on a branch' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	fatal: HEAD does not point to a branch
+	EOF
+	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify @{u} 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch@{u} error message if upstream branch not fetched' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	fatal: Upstream branch ${sq}refs/heads/side${sq} not stored as a remote-tracking branch
+	EOF
+	error_message bad-upstream@{u} 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull works when tracking a local branch' '
+(
+	cd clone &&
+	git checkout local-master &&
+	git pull
+)
+'
+
+# makes sense if the previous one succeeded
+test_expect_success '@{u} works when tracking a local branch' '
+	test refs/heads/master = "$(full_name @{u})"
+'
+
 cat >expect <<EOF
 commit 8f489d01d0cc65c3b0f09504ec50b5ed02a70bd5
 Reflog: master@{0} (C O Mitter <committer@example.com>)
@@ -136,4 +231,20 @@ test_expect_success 'log -g other@{u}@{now}' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '@{reflog}-parsing does not look beyond colon' '
+	echo content >@{yesterday} &&
+	git add @{yesterday} &&
+	git commit -m "funny reflog file" &&
+	git hash-object @{yesterday} >expect &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:@{yesterday} >actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '@{upstream}-parsing does not look beyond colon' '
+	echo content >@{upstream} &&
+	git add @{upstream} &&
+	git commit -m "funny upstream file" &&
+	git hash-object @{upstream} >expect &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:@{upstream} >actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh b/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
index d5d6244178..078e1195df 100755
--- a/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
+++ b/t/t1508-at-combinations.sh
@@ -4,17 +4,27 @@ test_description='test various @{X} syntax combinations together'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 check() {
-test_expect_${3:-success} "$1 = $2" "
-	echo '$2' >expect &&
-	git log -1 --format=%s '$1' >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-"
+	test_expect_${4:-success} "$1 = $3" "
+		echo '$3' >expect &&
+		if test '$2' = 'commit'
+		then
+			git log -1 --format=%s '$1' >actual
+		elif test '$2' = 'ref'
+		then
+			git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name '$1' >actual
+		else
+			git cat-file -p '$1' >actual
+		fi &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	"
 }
+
 nonsense() {
-test_expect_${2:-success} "$1 is nonsensical" "
-	test_must_fail git log -1 '$1'
-"
+	test_expect_${2:-success} "$1 is nonsensical" "
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify '$1'
+	"
 }
+
 fail() {
 	"$@" failure
 }
@@ -25,27 +35,64 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git checkout -b upstream-branch &&
 	test_commit upstream-one &&
 	test_commit upstream-two &&
+	git checkout -b @/at-test &&
+	git checkout -b @@/at-test &&
+	git checkout -b @at-test &&
 	git checkout -b old-branch &&
 	test_commit old-one &&
 	test_commit old-two &&
 	git checkout -b new-branch &&
 	test_commit new-one &&
 	test_commit new-two &&
-	git config branch.old-branch.remote . &&
-	git config branch.old-branch.merge refs/heads/master &&
-	git config branch.new-branch.remote . &&
-	git config branch.new-branch.merge refs/heads/upstream-branch
+	git branch -u master old-branch &&
+	git branch -u upstream-branch new-branch
 '
 
-check HEAD new-two
-check "@{1}" new-one
-check "@{-1}" old-two
-check "@{-1}@{1}" old-one
-check "@{u}" upstream-two
-check "@{u}@{1}" upstream-one
-check "@{-1}@{u}" master-two
-check "@{-1}@{u}@{1}" master-one
+check HEAD ref refs/heads/new-branch
+check "@{1}" commit new-one
+check "HEAD@{1}" commit new-one
+check "@{now}" commit new-two
+check "HEAD@{now}" commit new-two
+check "@{-1}" ref refs/heads/old-branch
+check "@{-1}@{0}" commit old-two
+check "@{-1}@{1}" commit old-one
+check "@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "HEAD@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "@{u}@{1}" commit upstream-one
+check "@{-1}@{u}" ref refs/heads/master
+check "@{-1}@{u}@{1}" commit master-one
+check "@" commit new-two
+check "@@{u}" ref refs/heads/upstream-branch
+check "@@/at-test" ref refs/heads/@@/at-test
+check "@/at-test" ref refs/heads/@/at-test
+check "@at-test" ref refs/heads/@at-test
 nonsense "@{u}@{-1}"
+nonsense "@{0}@{0}"
 nonsense "@{1}@{u}"
+nonsense "HEAD@{-1}"
+nonsense "@{-1}@{-1}"
+
+# @{N} versus HEAD@{N}
+
+check "HEAD@{3}" commit old-two
+nonsense "@{3}"
+
+test_expect_success 'switch to old-branch' '
+	git checkout old-branch
+'
+
+check HEAD ref refs/heads/old-branch
+check "HEAD@{1}" commit new-two
+check "@{1}" commit old-one
+
+test_expect_success 'create path with @' '
+	echo content >normal &&
+	echo content >fun@ny &&
+	git add normal fun@ny &&
+	git commit -m "funny path"
+'
+
+check "@:normal" blob content
+check "@:fun@ny" blob content
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t1509-root-worktree.sh b/t/t1509-root-worktree.sh
index 335420fd87..b6977d4b39 100755
--- a/t/t1509-root-worktree.sh
+++ b/t/t1509-root-worktree.sh
@@ -98,8 +98,16 @@ test_foobar_foobar() {
 	'
 }
 
-if ! test_have_prereq POSIXPERM || ! [ -w / ]; then
-	skip_all="Dangerous test skipped. Read this test if you want to execute it"
+if ! test -w /
+then
+	skip_all="Test requiring writable / skipped. Read this test if you want to run it"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+if  test -e /refs || test -e /objects || test -e /info || test -e /hooks ||
+    test -e /.git || test -e /foo || test -e /me
+then
+	skip_all="Skip test that clobbers existing files in /"
 	test_done
 fi
 
@@ -108,8 +116,9 @@ if [ "$IKNOWWHATIAMDOING" != "YES" ]; then
 	test_done
 fi
 
-if [ "$UID" = 0 ]; then
-	skip_all="No you can't run this with root"
+if ! test_have_prereq NOT_ROOT
+then
+	skip_all="No you can't run this as root"
 	test_done
 fi
 
diff --git a/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh b/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
index c5334a8fa4..62691172e3 100755
--- a/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
+++ b/t/t1509/prepare-chroot.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ xmkdir() {
 
 R="$1"
 
-[ -n "$R" ] || die "Usage: prepare-chroot.sh <root>"
+[ -n "$R" ] || die "usage: prepare-chroot.sh <root>"
 [ -x git ] || die "This script needs to be executed at git source code's top directory"
 [ -x /bin/busybox ] || die "You need busybox"
 
diff --git a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
index 80aedfca8c..e1b2a99f10 100755
--- a/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
+++ b/t/t1510-repo-setup.sh
@@ -517,6 +517,25 @@ test_expect_success '#16c: bare .git has no worktree' '
 		"$here/16c/.git" "(null)" "$here/16c/sub" "(null)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '#16d: bareness preserved across alias' '
+	setup_repo 16d unset "" unset &&
+	(
+		cd 16d/.git &&
+		test_must_fail git status &&
+		git config alias.st status &&
+		test_must_fail git st
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '#16e: bareness preserved by --bare' '
+	setup_repo 16e unset "" unset &&
+	(
+		cd 16e/.git &&
+		test_must_fail git status &&
+		test_must_fail git --bare status
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '#17: GIT_WORK_TREE without explicit GIT_DIR is accepted (bare case)' '
 	# Just like #16.
 	setup_repo 17a unset "" true &&
@@ -758,9 +777,7 @@ test_expect_success '#30: core.worktree and core.bare conflict (gitfile version)
 	setup_repo 30 "$here/30" gitfile true &&
 	(
 		cd 30 &&
-		GIT_DIR=.git &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>result
+		test_must_fail env GIT_DIR=.git git symbolic-ref HEAD 2>result
 	) &&
 	grep "core.bare and core.worktree" 30/result
 '
diff --git a/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh b/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
index eaefc777bd..15973f2094 100755
--- a/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
+++ b/t/t1511-rev-parse-caret.sh
@@ -54,6 +54,13 @@ test_expect_success 'ref^{tree}' '
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse blob-tag^{tree}
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'ref^{tag}' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse HEAD^{tag} &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag >expected &&
+	git rev-parse commit-tag^{tag} >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'ref^{/.}' '
 	git rev-parse master >expected &&
 	git rev-parse master^{/.} >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh b/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4a155c8d09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1512-rev-parse-disambiguation.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='object name disambiguation
+
+Create blobs, trees, commits and a tag that all share the same
+prefix, and make sure "git rev-parse" can take advantage of
+type information to disambiguate short object names that are
+not necessarily unique.
+
+The final history used in the test has five commits, with the bottom
+one tagged as v1.0.0.  They all have one regular file each.
+
+  +-------------------------------------------+
+  |                                           |
+  |           .-------b3wettvi---- ad2uee     |
+  |          /                   /            |
+  |  a2onsxbvj---czy8f73t--ioiley5o           |
+  |                                           |
+  +-------------------------------------------+
+
+'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'blob and tree' '
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
+		do
+			echo $i
+		done
+		echo
+		echo b1rwzyc3
+	) >a0blgqsjc &&
+
+	# create one blob 0000000000b36
+	git add a0blgqsjc &&
+
+	# create one tree 0000000000cdc
+	git write-tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'warn ambiguity when no candidate matches type hint' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 000000000^{commit} 2>actual &&
+	grep "short SHA1 000000000 is ambiguous" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate tree-ish' '
+	# feed tree-ish in an unambiguous way
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000cdc:a0blgqsjc &&
+
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such tree-ish (the other is a blob)
+	git rev-parse --verify 000000000:a0blgqsjc
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate blob' '
+	sed -e "s/|$//" >patch <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+	index 000000000..ffffff 100644
+	--- a/frotz
+	+++ b/frotz
+	@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@
+	 9
+	 |
+	 b1rwzyc3
+	+irwry
+	EOF
+	(
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE=frotz &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		git apply --build-fake-ancestor frotz patch &&
+		git cat-file blob :frotz >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp a0blgqsjc actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate tree' '
+	commit=$(echo "d7xm" | git commit-tree 000000000) &&
+	# this commit is fffff2e and not ambiguous with the 00000* objects
+	test $(git rev-parse $commit^{tree}) = $(git rev-parse 0000000000cdc)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'first commit' '
+	# create one commit 0000000000e4f
+	git commit -m a2onsxbvj
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate commit-ish' '
+	# feed commit-ish in an unambiguous way
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000e4f^{commit} &&
+
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such commit (the others are tree and blob)
+	git rev-parse --verify 000000000^{commit} &&
+
+	# likewise
+	git rev-parse --verify 000000000^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate commit' '
+	commit=$(echo "hoaxj" | git commit-tree 0000000000cdc -p 000000000) &&
+	# this commit is ffffffd8 and not ambiguous with the 00000* objects
+	test $(git rev-parse $commit^) = $(git rev-parse 0000000000e4f)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
+	# These are underspecified from the prefix-length point of view
+	# to disambiguate the commit with other objects, but there is only
+	# one commit that has 00000* prefix at this point.
+	git log 000000000..000000000 &&
+	git log ..000000000 &&
+	git log 000000000.. &&
+	git log 000000000...000000000 &&
+	git log ...000000000 &&
+	git log 000000000...
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse name1..name2 takes only commit-ishes on both ends' '
+	# Likewise.
+	git rev-parse 000000000..000000000 &&
+	git rev-parse ..000000000 &&
+	git rev-parse 000000000..
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log takes only commit-ish' '
+	# Likewise.
+	git log 000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git reset takes only commit-ish' '
+	# Likewise.
+	git reset 000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'first tag' '
+	# create one tag 0000000000f8f
+	git tag -a -m j7cp83um v1.0.0
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'two semi-ambiguous commit-ish' '
+	# At this point, we have a tag 0000000000f8f that points
+	# at a commit 0000000000e4f, and a tree and a blob that
+	# share 0000000000 prefix with these tag and commit.
+	#
+	# Once the parser becomes ultra-smart, it could notice that
+	# 0000000000 before ^{commit} name many different objects, but
+	# that only two (HEAD and v1.0.0 tag) can be peeled to commit,
+	# and that peeling them down to commit yield the same commit
+	# without ambiguity.
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000^{commit} &&
+
+	# likewise
+	git log 0000000000..0000000000 &&
+	git log ..0000000000 &&
+	git log 0000000000.. &&
+	git log 0000000000...0000000000 &&
+	git log ...0000000000 &&
+	git log 0000000000...
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'three semi-ambiguous tree-ish' '
+	# Likewise for tree-ish.  HEAD, v1.0.0 and HEAD^{tree} share
+	# the prefix but peeling them to tree yields the same thing
+	git rev-parse --verify 0000000000^{tree}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'parse describe name' '
+	# feed an unambiguous describe name
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-0-g0000000000e4f &&
+
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such commit (others are blob, tree and tag)
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-0-g000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'more history' '
+	# commit 0000000000043
+	git mv a0blgqsjc d12cr3h8t &&
+	echo h62xsjeu >>d12cr3h8t &&
+	git add d12cr3h8t &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m czy8f73t &&
+
+	# commit 00000000008ec
+	git mv d12cr3h8t j000jmpzn &&
+	echo j08bekfvt >>j000jmpzn &&
+	git add j000jmpzn &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m ioiley5o &&
+
+	# commit 0000000005b0
+	git checkout v1.0.0^0 &&
+	git mv a0blgqsjc f5518nwu &&
+
+	for i in h62xsjeu j08bekfvt kg7xflhm
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >>f5518nwu &&
+	git add f5518nwu &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m b3wettvi &&
+	side=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	# commit 000000000066
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	# If you use recursive, merge will fail and you will need to
+	# clean up a0blgqsjc as well.  If you use resolve, merge will
+	# succeed.
+	test_might_fail git merge --no-commit -s recursive $side &&
+	git rm -f f5518nwu j000jmpzn &&
+
+	test_might_fail git rm -f a0blgqsjc &&
+	(
+		git cat-file blob $side:f5518nwu
+		echo j3l0i9s6
+	) >ab2gs879 &&
+	git add ab2gs879 &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m ad2uee
+
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'parse describe name taking advantage of generation' '
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, but there is only one
+	# such commit at generation 0
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-0-g000000000 &&
+
+	# likewise for generation 2 and 4
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-2-g000000000 &&
+	git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-4-g000000000
+'
+
+# Note: because rev-parse does not even try to disambiguate based on
+# the generation number, this test currently succeeds for a wrong
+# reason.  When it learns to use the generation number, the previous
+# test should succeed, and also this test should fail because the
+# describe name used in the test with generation number can name two
+# commits.  Make sure that such a future enhancement does not randomly
+# pick one.
+test_expect_success 'parse describe name not ignoring ambiguity' '
+	# ambiguous at the object name level, and there are two such
+	# commits at generation 1
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify v1.0.0-1-g000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous commit-ish' '
+	# Now there are many commits that begin with the
+	# common prefix, none of these should pick one at
+	# random.  They all should result in ambiguity errors.
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify 00000000^{commit} &&
+
+	# likewise
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000..000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log ..000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000.. &&
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000...000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log ...000000000 &&
+	test_must_fail git log 000000000...
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --disambiguate' '
+	# The test creates 16 objects that share the prefix and two
+	# commits created by commit-tree in earlier tests share a
+	# different prefix.
+	git rev-parse --disambiguate=000000000 >actual &&
+	test $(wc -l <actual) = 16 &&
+	test "$(sed -e "s/^\(.........\).*/\1/" actual | sort -u)" = 000000000
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous 40-hex ref' '
+	TREE=$(git mktree </dev/null) &&
+	REF=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	VAL=$(git commit-tree $TREE </dev/null) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/$REF $VAL &&
+	test `git rev-parse $REF 2>err` = $REF &&
+	grep "refname.*${REF}.*ambiguous" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ambiguous short sha1 ref' '
+	TREE=$(git mktree </dev/null) &&
+	REF=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` &&
+	VAL=$(git commit-tree $TREE </dev/null) &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/$REF $VAL &&
+	test `git rev-parse $REF 2>err` = $VAL &&
+	grep "refname.*${REF}.*ambiguous" err
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh b/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..87ec3ae714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1513-rev-parse-prefix.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Tests for rev-parse --prefix'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir -p sub1/sub2 &&
+	echo top >top &&
+	echo file1 >sub1/file1 &&
+	echo file2 >sub1/sub2/file2 &&
+	git add top sub1/file1 sub1/sub2/file2 &&
+	git commit -m commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty prefix -- file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix "" -- top sub1/file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	top
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix -- file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ -- file1 sub2/file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/file1
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix -- ../file' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ -- ../top sub2/file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/../top
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'empty prefix HEAD:./path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix "" HEAD:./top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix HEAD:./path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:./file1 >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:sub1/file1 >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'valid prefix HEAD:../path' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:../top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prefix ignored with HEAD:top' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ HEAD:top >actual &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD:top >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disambiguate path with valid prefix' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file and refs with prefix' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/ master file1 >actual &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expected &&
+	$(git rev-parse master)
+	sub1/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'two-levels deep' '
+	git rev-parse --prefix sub1/sub2/ -- file2 >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--
+	sub1/sub2/file2
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1600-index.sh b/t/t1600-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..079d241145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1600-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='index file specific tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo 1 >a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bogus GIT_INDEX_VERSION issues warning' '
+	(
+		rm -f .git/index &&
+		GIT_INDEX_VERSION=2bogus &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
+		git add a 2>&1 | sed "s/[0-9]//" >actual.err &&
+		sed -e "s/ Z$/ /" <<-\EOF >expect.err &&
+			warning: GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.
+			Using version Z
+		EOF
+		test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'out of bounds GIT_INDEX_VERSION issues warning' '
+	(
+		rm -f .git/index &&
+		GIT_INDEX_VERSION=1 &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
+		git add a 2>&1 | sed "s/[0-9]//" >actual.err &&
+		sed -e "s/ Z$/ /" <<-\EOF >expect.err &&
+			warning: GIT_INDEX_VERSION set, but the value is invalid.
+			Using version Z
+		EOF
+		test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no warning with bogus GIT_INDEX_VERSION and existing index' '
+	(
+		GIT_INDEX_VERSION=1 &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
+		git add a 2>actual.err &&
+		>expect.err &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'out of bounds index.version issues warning' '
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
+		rm -f .git/index &&
+		git config --add index.version 1 &&
+		git add a 2>&1 | sed "s/[0-9]//" >actual.err &&
+		sed -e "s/ Z$/ /" <<-\EOF >expect.err &&
+			warning: index.version set, but the value is invalid.
+			Using version Z
+		EOF
+		test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_INDEX_VERSION takes precedence over config' '
+	(
+		rm -f .git/index &&
+		GIT_INDEX_VERSION=4 &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_VERSION &&
+		git config --add index.version 2 &&
+		git add a 2>&1 &&
+		echo 4 >expect &&
+		test-index-version <.git/index >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t1700-split-index.sh b/t/t1700-split-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..193d55c3f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t1700-split-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='split index mode tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# We need total control of index splitting here
+sane_unset GIT_TEST_SPLIT_INDEX
+
+test_expect_success 'enable split index' '
+	git update-index --split-index &&
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index >actual &&
+	indexversion=$(test-index-version <.git/index) &&
+	if test "$indexversion" = "4"
+	then
+		own=432ef4b63f32193984f339431fd50ca796493569
+		base=508851a7f0dfa8691e9f69c7f055865389012491
+	else
+		own=8299b0bcd1ac364e5f1d7768efb62fa2da79a339
+		base=39d890139ee5356c7ef572216cebcd27aa41f9df
+	fi &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+own $own
+base $base
+replacements:
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add one file' '
+	: >one &&
+	git update-index --add one &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+base $base
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+replacements:
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disable split index' '
+	git update-index --no-split-index &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	BASE=`test-dump-split-index .git/index | grep "^own" | sed "s/own/base/"` &&
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+not a split index
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'enable split index again, "one" now belongs to base index"' '
+	git update-index --split-index &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+replacements:
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'modify original file, base index untouched' '
+	echo modified >one &&
+	git update-index one &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	q_to_tab >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0Q
+replacements: 0
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add another file, which stays index' '
+	: >two &&
+	git update-index --add two &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0	one
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	q_to_tab >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0Q
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	two
+replacements: 0
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove file not in base index' '
+	git update-index --force-remove two &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	q_to_tab >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+100644 2e0996000b7e9019eabcad29391bf0f5c7702f0b 0Q
+replacements: 0
+deletions:
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove file in base index' '
+	git update-index --force-remove one &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+replacements:
+deletions: 0
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add original file back' '
+	: >one &&
+	git update-index --add one &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+$BASE
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+replacements:
+deletions: 0
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add new file' '
+	: >two &&
+	git update-index --add two &&
+	git ls-files --stage >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	two
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unify index, two files remain' '
+	git update-index --no-split-index &&
+	git ls-files --stage >ls-files.actual &&
+	cat >ls-files.expect <<EOF &&
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	one
+100644 e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391 0	two
+EOF
+	test_cmp ls-files.expect ls-files.actual &&
+
+	test-dump-split-index .git/index | sed "/^own/d" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+not a split index
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh b/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
index 98aa73e823..1fc8e634b7 100755
--- a/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
+++ b/t/t2001-checkout-cache-clash.sh
@@ -59,10 +59,9 @@ test_expect_success \
     'git read-tree -m $tree1 && git checkout-index -f -a'
 test_debug 'show_files $tree1'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git update-index --add a symlink.' \
-    'ln -s path0 path1 &&
-     git update-index --add path1'
+test_expect_success \
+    'add a symlink' \
+    'test_ln_s_add path0 path1'
 test_expect_success \
     'writing tree out with git write-tree' \
     'tree3=$(git write-tree)'
diff --git a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
index 02a4fc5d36..ff163cf675 100755
--- a/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
+++ b/t/t2003-checkout-cache-mkdir.sh
@@ -12,85 +12,108 @@ the GIT controlled paths.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'setup' \
-    'mkdir path1 &&
-    echo frotz >path0 &&
-    echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
-    git update-index --add path0 path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	echo frotz >path0 &&
+	echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 &&
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	ln -s path2 path1 &&
+	git checkout-index -f -a &&
+	test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
+	test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'have symlink in place where dir is expected.' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 &&
-     mkdir path2 &&
-     ln -s path2 path1 &&
-     git checkout-index -f -a &&
-     test ! -h path1 && test -d path1 &&
-     test -f path1/file1 && test ! -f path2/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=path2/' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
+	test -f path2/path0 &&
+	test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=tmp-' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=path2/' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 &&
-     mkdir path2 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=path2/ -f -a &&
-     test -f path2/path0 &&
-     test -f path2/path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp-path0 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
+	test ! -f path0 &&
+	test ! -f path1/file1
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=tmp-' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
+	test -d tmp1/orary &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
+	test -h tmp
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'use --prefix=tmp- but with a conflicting file and dir' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     echo nitfol >tmp-path1 &&
-     mkdir tmp-path0 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1 &&
-     test ! -f path0 &&
-     test ! -f path1/file1'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
+	test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
+	test -h tmp
+'
 
-# Linus fix #1
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp/orary/ where tmp is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 tmp1/orary &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary/ -f -a &&
-     test -d tmp1/orary &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary/path0 &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary/path1/file1 &&
-     test -h tmp'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir tmp1 &&
+	ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
+	test -f tmp-path0 &&
+	test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
+	test -d tmp-path1 &&
+	test -f tmp-path1/file1
+'
 
-# Linus fix #2
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp/orary- where tmp is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/orary- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary-path0 &&
-     test -f tmp1/orary-path1/file1 &&
-     test -h tmp'
+test_expect_success 'apply filter from working tree .gitattributes with --prefix' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.smudge "sed -e s/./,/g" &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.clean cat &&
+	git config filter.replace-all.required true &&
+	echo "file1 filter=replace-all" >path1/.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/ -f -a &&
+	echo frotz >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected tmp/path0 &&
+	echo ,,,,,, >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected tmp/path1/file1
+'
 
-# Linus fix #3
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'use --prefix=tmp- where tmp-path1 is a symlink' \
-    'rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
-     mkdir tmp1 &&
-     ln -s tmp1 tmp-path1 &&
-     git checkout-index --prefix=tmp- -f -a &&
-     test -f tmp-path0 &&
-     test ! -h tmp-path1 &&
-     test -d tmp-path1 &&
-     test -f tmp-path1/file1'
+test_expect_success 'apply CRLF filter from working tree .gitattributes with --prefix' '
+	rm -fr path0 path1 path2 tmp* &&
+	mkdir path1 &&
+	mkdir tmp &&
+	echo "file1 eol=crlf" >path1/.gitattributes &&
+	git checkout-index --prefix=tmp/ -f -a &&
+	echo rezrovQ >expected &&
+	tr \\015 Q <tmp/path1/file1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh b/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
index 36cca14d95..a12afe93f3 100755
--- a/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
+++ b/t/t2004-checkout-cache-temp.sh
@@ -10,203 +10,212 @@ rather than the tracked path.'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-'preparation' '
-mkdir asubdir &&
-echo tree1path0 >path0 &&
-echo tree1path1 >path1 &&
-echo tree1path3 >path3 &&
-echo tree1path4 >path4 &&
-echo tree1asubdir/path5 >asubdir/path5 &&
-git update-index --add path0 path1 path3 path4 asubdir/path5 &&
-t1=$(git write-tree) &&
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-echo tree2path0 >path0 &&
-echo tree2path1 >path1 &&
-echo tree2path2 >path2 &&
-echo tree2path4 >path4 &&
-git update-index --add path0 path1 path2 path4 &&
-t2=$(git write-tree) &&
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-echo tree2path0 >path0 &&
-echo tree3path1 >path1 &&
-echo tree3path2 >path2 &&
-echo tree3path3 >path3 &&
-git update-index --add path0 path1 path2 path3 &&
-t3=$(git write-tree)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout one stage 0 to temporary file' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-git read-tree $t1 &&
-git checkout-index --temp -- path1 >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
-test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path1 &&
-p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 out) &&
-test -f $p &&
-test $(cat $p) = tree1path1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout all stage 0 to temporary files' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-git read-tree $t1 &&
-git checkout-index -a --temp >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 5 &&
-for f in path0 path1 path3 path4 asubdir/path5
-do
-	test $(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f2) = $f &&
-	p=$(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f1) &&
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir asubdir &&
+	echo tree1path0 >path0 &&
+	echo tree1path1 >path1 &&
+	echo tree1path3 >path3 &&
+	echo tree1path4 >path4 &&
+	echo tree1asubdir/path5 >asubdir/path5 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1 path3 path4 asubdir/path5 &&
+	t1=$(git write-tree) &&
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	echo tree2path0 >path0 &&
+	echo tree2path1 >path1 &&
+	echo tree2path2 >path2 &&
+	echo tree2path4 >path4 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1 path2 path4 &&
+	t2=$(git write-tree) &&
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	echo tree2path0 >path0 &&
+	echo tree3path1 >path1 &&
+	echo tree3path2 >path2 &&
+	echo tree3path3 >path3 &&
+	git update-index --add path0 path1 path2 path3 &&
+	t3=$(git write-tree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout one stage 0 to temporary file' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	git read-tree $t1 &&
+	git checkout-index --temp -- path1 >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = path1 &&
+	p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 actual) &&
 	test -f $p &&
-	test $(cat $p) = tree1$f
-done'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'prepare 3-way merge' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-git read-tree -m $t1 $t2 $t3'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout one stage 2 to temporary file' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index --stage=2 --temp -- path1 >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
-test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path1 &&
-p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 out) &&
-test -f $p &&
-test $(cat $p) = tree2path1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout all stage 2 to temporary files' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index --all --stage=2 --temp >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 3 &&
-for f in path1 path2 path4
-do
-	test $(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f2) = $f &&
-	p=$(grep $f out | cut "-d	" -f1) &&
+	test $(cat $p) = tree1path1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout all stage 0 to temporary files' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	git read-tree $t1 &&
+	git checkout-index -a --temp >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 5 actual &&
+	for f in path0 path1 path3 path4 asubdir/path5
+	do
+		test $(grep $f actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = $f &&
+		p=$(grep $f actual | cut "-d	" -f1) &&
+		test -f $p &&
+		test $(cat $p) = tree1$f
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup 3-way merge' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	git read-tree -m $t1 $t2 $t3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout one stage 2 to temporary file' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index --stage=2 --temp -- path1 >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = path1 &&
+	p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 actual) &&
 	test -f $p &&
-	test $(cat $p) = tree2$f
-done'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout all stages/one file to nothing' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path0 >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 0'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout all stages/one file to temporary files' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path1 >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
-test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path1 &&
-cut "-d	" -f1 out | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test -f $s1 &&
-test -f $s2 &&
-test -f $s3 &&
-test $(cat $s1) = tree1path1 &&
-test $(cat $s2) = tree2path1 &&
-test $(cat $s3) = tree3path1)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout some stages/one file to temporary files' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path2 >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
-test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = path2 &&
-cut "-d	" -f1 out | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test $s1 = . &&
-test -f $s2 &&
-test -f $s3 &&
-test $(cat $s2) = tree2path2 &&
-test $(cat $s3) = tree3path2)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout all stages/all files to temporary files' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out &&
-git checkout-index -a --stage=all --temp >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 5'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- path0: no entry' '
-test x$(grep path0 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = x'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- path1: all 3 stages' '
-test $(grep path1 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path1 &&
-grep path1 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test -f $s1 &&
-test -f $s2 &&
-test -f $s3 &&
-test $(cat $s1) = tree1path1 &&
-test $(cat $s2) = tree2path1 &&
-test $(cat $s3) = tree3path1)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- path2: no stage 1, have stage 2 and 3' '
-test $(grep path2 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path2 &&
-grep path2 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test $s1 = . &&
-test -f $s2 &&
-test -f $s3 &&
-test $(cat $s2) = tree2path2 &&
-test $(cat $s3) = tree3path2)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- path3: no stage 2, have stage 1 and 3' '
-test $(grep path3 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path3 &&
-grep path3 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test -f $s1 &&
-test $s2 = . &&
-test -f $s3 &&
-test $(cat $s1) = tree1path3 &&
-test $(cat $s3) = tree3path3)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- path4: no stage 3, have stage 1 and 3' '
-test $(grep path4 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path4 &&
-grep path4 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test -f $s1 &&
-test -f $s2 &&
-test $s3 = . &&
-test $(cat $s1) = tree1path4 &&
-test $(cat $s2) = tree2path4)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'-- asubdir/path5: no stage 2 and 3 have stage 1' '
-test $(grep asubdir/path5 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = asubdir/path5 &&
-grep asubdir/path5 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
-test -f $s1 &&
-test $s2 = . &&
-test $s3 = . &&
-test $(cat $s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-'checkout --temp within subdir' '
-(cd asubdir &&
- git checkout-index -a --stage=all >out &&
- test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
- test $(grep path5 out | cut "-d	" -f2) = path5 &&
- grep path5 out | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
- test -f ../$s1 &&
- test $s2 = . &&
- test $s3 = . &&
- test $(cat ../$s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)
-)'
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-'checkout --temp symlink' '
-rm -f path* .merge_* out .git/index &&
-ln -s b a &&
-git update-index --add a &&
-t4=$(git write-tree) &&
-rm -f .git/index &&
-git read-tree $t4 &&
-git checkout-index --temp -a >out &&
-test $(wc -l <out) = 1 &&
-test $(cut "-d	" -f2 out) = a &&
-p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 out) &&
-test -f $p &&
-test $(cat $p) = b'
+	test $(cat $p) = tree2path1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout all stage 2 to temporary files' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index --all --stage=2 --temp >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
+	for f in path1 path2 path4
+	do
+		test $(grep $f actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = $f &&
+		p=$(grep $f actual | cut "-d	" -f1) &&
+		test -f $p &&
+		test $(cat $p) = tree2$f
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout all stages/one file to nothing' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path0 >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout all stages/one file to temporary files' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path1 >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = path1 &&
+	cut "-d	" -f1 actual | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test -f $s1 &&
+	test -f $s2 &&
+	test -f $s3 &&
+	test $(cat $s1) = tree1path1 &&
+	test $(cat $s2) = tree2path1 &&
+	test $(cat $s3) = tree3path1)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout some stages/one file to temporary files' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index --stage=all --temp -- path2 >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = path2 &&
+	cut "-d	" -f1 actual | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test $s1 = . &&
+	test -f $s2 &&
+	test -f $s3 &&
+	test $(cat $s2) = tree2path2 &&
+	test $(cat $s3) = tree3path2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout all stages/all files to temporary files' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual &&
+	git checkout-index -a --stage=all --temp >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 5 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- path0: no entry' '
+	test x$(grep path0 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = x
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- path1: all 3 stages' '
+	test $(grep path1 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = path1 &&
+	grep path1 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test -f $s1 &&
+	test -f $s2 &&
+	test -f $s3 &&
+	test $(cat $s1) = tree1path1 &&
+	test $(cat $s2) = tree2path1 &&
+	test $(cat $s3) = tree3path1)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- path2: no stage 1, have stage 2 and 3' '
+	test $(grep path2 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = path2 &&
+	grep path2 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test $s1 = . &&
+	test -f $s2 &&
+	test -f $s3 &&
+	test $(cat $s2) = tree2path2 &&
+	test $(cat $s3) = tree3path2)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- path3: no stage 2, have stage 1 and 3' '
+	test $(grep path3 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = path3 &&
+	grep path3 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test -f $s1 &&
+	test $s2 = . &&
+	test -f $s3 &&
+	test $(cat $s1) = tree1path3 &&
+	test $(cat $s3) = tree3path3)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- path4: no stage 3, have stage 1 and 3' '
+	test $(grep path4 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = path4 &&
+	grep path4 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test -f $s1 &&
+	test -f $s2 &&
+	test $s3 = . &&
+	test $(cat $s1) = tree1path4 &&
+	test $(cat $s2) = tree2path4)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-- asubdir/path5: no stage 2 and 3 have stage 1' '
+	test $(grep asubdir/path5 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = asubdir/path5 &&
+	grep asubdir/path5 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+	test -f $s1 &&
+	test $s2 = . &&
+	test $s3 = . &&
+	test $(cat $s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout --temp within subdir' '
+	(
+		cd asubdir &&
+		git checkout-index -a --stage=all >actual &&
+		test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+		test $(grep path5 actual | cut "-d	" -f2) = path5 &&
+		grep path5 actual | cut "-d	" -f1 | (read s1 s2 s3 &&
+		test -f ../$s1 &&
+		test $s2 = . &&
+		test $s3 = . &&
+		test $(cat ../$s1) = tree1asubdir/path5)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout --temp symlink' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	test_ln_s_add path7 path6 &&
+	git checkout-index --temp -a >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = path6 &&
+	p=$(cut "-d	" -f1 actual) &&
+	test -f $p &&
+	test $(cat $p) = path7
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'emit well-formed relative path' '
+	rm -f path* .merge_* actual .git/index &&
+	>path0123456789 &&
+	git update-index --add path0123456789 &&
+	(
+		cd asubdir &&
+		git checkout-index --temp -- ../path0123456789 >actual &&
+		test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+		test $(cut "-d	" -f2 actual) = ../path0123456789
+	)
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh b/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
index b8559838b1..57cbdfe9bc 100755
--- a/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t2006-checkout-index-basic.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ test_description='basic checkout-index tests
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout-index --gobbledegook' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git checkout-index --gobbledegook 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" err
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout-index -h in broken repository' '
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout-index -h in broken repository' '
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git checkout-index -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
index e6f59f1914..fc9aad530e 100755
--- a/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t2007-checkout-symlink.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ test_description='git checkout to switch between branches with symlink<->dir'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	mkdir frotz &&
 	echo hello >frotz/filfre &&
@@ -25,25 +25,25 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 	git rm --cached frotz/filfre &&
 	mv frotz xyzzy &&
-	ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
-	git add xyzzy/filfre frotz &&
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy frotz &&
+	git add xyzzy/filfre &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "side moves frotz/ to xyzzy/ and adds frotz->xyzzy/"
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'switch from symlink to dir' '
+test_expect_success 'switch from symlink to dir' '
 
 	git checkout master
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Remove temporary directories & switch to master' '
+test_expect_success 'Remove temporary directories & switch to master' '
 	rm -fr frotz xyzzy nitfol &&
 	git checkout -f master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'switch from dir to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'switch from dir to symlink' '
 
 	git checkout side
 
diff --git a/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh b/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
index 3e098ab31e..eadb9434ae 100755
--- a/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
+++ b/t/t2008-checkout-subdir.sh
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout with simple prefix' '
 
 '
 
-# This is not expected to work as ls-files was not designed
-# to deal with such.  Enable it when ls-files is updated.
-: test_expect_success 'checkout with complex relative path' '
-
-	rm file1 &&
-	git checkout HEAD -- ../dir1/../dir1/file1 && test -f ./file1
-
+test_expect_success 'checkout with complex relative path' '
+	(
+		cd dir1 &&
+		rm file1 &&
+		git checkout HEAD -- ../dir1/../dir1/file1 &&
+		test "hello" = "$(cat file1)"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'relative path outside tree should fail' \
diff --git a/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh b/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
index 7cc0a3582e..87bdf9c96b 100755
--- a/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
+++ b/t/t2010-checkout-ambiguous.sh
@@ -47,4 +47,10 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguate checking out from a tree-ish' '
 	git diff --exit-code --quiet
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'accurate error message with more than one ref' '
+	test_must_fail git checkout HEAD master -- 2>actual &&
+	grep 2 actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "one reference expected, 2 given" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh b/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
index b44de9dc62..e7ba8c505f 100755
--- a/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
+++ b/t/t2012-checkout-last.sh
@@ -116,4 +116,38 @@ test_expect_success 'master...' '
 	test "z$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "z$(git rev-parse --verify master^)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase A' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase A B' '
+	git branch moodle master~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master moodle &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase -i A' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase -i master &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"checkout -" works after a rebase -i A B' '
+	git branch foodle master~1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout other &&
+	git rebase master foodle &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "zrefs/heads/master"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
index 70edbb33e2..6847f75822 100755
--- a/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
+++ b/t/t2013-checkout-submodule.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='checkout can handle submodules'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	mkdir submodule &&
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ test_expect_success '"reset <submodule>" updates the index' '
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
 	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
+	git reset HEAD^ submodule &&
 	test_must_fail git diff-files --quiet &&
 	git reset submodule &&
 	git diff-files --quiet
@@ -62,4 +63,8 @@ test_expect_success '"checkout <submodule>" honors submodule.*.ignore from .git/
 	! test -s actual
 '
 
+test_submodule_switch "git checkout"
+
+test_submodule_forced_switch "git checkout -f"
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh b/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh
index 6352b74e2e..37bdcedcc9 100755
--- a/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh
+++ b/t/t2015-checkout-unborn.sh
@@ -46,4 +46,15 @@ test_expect_success 'checking out another branch from unborn state' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'checking out in a newly created repo' '
+	test_create_repo empty &&
+	(
+		cd empty &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git checkout &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh b/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
index 0e3b8582f2..655f278c5f 100755
--- a/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
+++ b/t/t2017-checkout-orphan.sh
@@ -116,4 +116,10 @@ test_expect_success '--orphan refuses to switch if a merge is needed' '
 	git reset --hard
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cannot --detach on an unborn branch' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout --orphan new &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout --detach
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh b/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
index 068fba4c8e..5d68729d7a 100755
--- a/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
+++ b/t/t2020-checkout-detach.sh
@@ -11,14 +11,13 @@ check_not_detached () {
 	git symbolic-ref -q HEAD >/dev/null
 }
 
-ORPHAN_WARNING='you are leaving .* commit.*behind'
 PREV_HEAD_DESC='Previous HEAD position was'
 check_orphan_warning() {
-	test_i18ngrep "$ORPHAN_WARNING" "$1" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "you are leaving $2 behind" "$1" &&
 	test_i18ngrep ! "$PREV_HEAD_DESC" "$1"
 }
 check_no_orphan_warning() {
-	test_i18ngrep ! "$ORPHAN_WARNING" "$1" &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "you are leaving .* commit.*behind" "$1" &&
 	test_i18ngrep "$PREV_HEAD_DESC" "$1"
 }
 
@@ -110,12 +109,24 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout warns on orphan commits' '
 	git checkout --detach two &&
 	echo content >orphan &&
 	git add orphan &&
-	git commit -a -m orphan &&
+	git commit -a -m orphan1 &&
+	echo new content >orphan &&
+	git commit -a -m orphan2 &&
+	orphan2=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git checkout master 2>stderr
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout warns on orphan commits: output' '
-	check_orphan_warning stderr
+	check_orphan_warning stderr "2 commits"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout warns orphaning 1 of 2 commits' '
+	git checkout "$orphan2" &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ 2>stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout warns orphaning 1 of 2 commits: output' '
+	check_orphan_warning stderr "1 commit"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout does not warn leaving ref tip' '
@@ -140,6 +151,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout does not warn leaving reachable commit' '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 Your branch is behind 'master' by 1 commit, and can be fast-forwarded.
+  (use "git pull" to update your local branch)
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'tracking count is accurate after orphan check' '
 	reset &&
@@ -148,7 +160,7 @@ test_expect_success 'tracking count is accurate after orphan check' '
 	git config branch.child.merge refs/heads/master &&
 	git checkout child^ &&
 	git checkout child >stdout &&
-	test_cmp expect stdout
+	test_i18ncmp expect stdout
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh b/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
index 5da63e9fa2..c2ada7de37 100755
--- a/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
+++ b/t/t2021-checkout-overwrite.sh
@@ -29,21 +29,25 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
 	test -f a/b
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
 
 	rm -rf a/b &&	# cleanup if previous test failed
 	git checkout -f -b symlink start &&
 	rm -rf a/b &&
-	ln -s foo a/b &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add foo a/b &&
 	git commit -m "dir to symlink"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout commit with dir must not remove untracked a/b' '
 
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
 	git commit -m "un-track the symlink" &&
-	test_must_fail git checkout start &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout start
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'the symlink remained' '
+
 	test -h a/b
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
index 56090d2eba..f46d0499bc 100755
--- a/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
+++ b/t/t2022-checkout-paths.sh
@@ -39,4 +39,43 @@ test_expect_success 'checking out paths out of a tree does not clobber unrelated
 	test_cmp expect.next2 dir/next2
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not touch unmerged entries matching $path but not in $tree' '
+	git checkout next &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	cat dir/common >expect.common &&
+	EMPTY_SHA1=$(git hash-object -w --stdin </dev/null) &&
+	git rm dir/next0 &&
+	cat >expect.next0 <<-EOF &&
+	100644 $EMPTY_SHA1 1	dir/next0
+	100644 $EMPTY_SHA1 2	dir/next0
+	EOF
+	git update-index --index-info <expect.next0 &&
+
+	git checkout master dir &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.common dir/common &&
+	test_path_is_file dir/master &&
+	git diff --exit-code master dir/master &&
+	git ls-files -s dir/next0 >actual.next0 &&
+	test_cmp expect.next0 actual.next0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not touch files that are already up-to-date' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo one >file1 &&
+	echo two >file2 &&
+	git add file1 file2 &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	echo modified >file1 &&
+	test-chmtime =1000000000 file2 &&
+	git update-index -q --refresh &&
+	git checkout HEAD -- file1 file2 &&
+	echo one >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file1 &&
+	echo "1000000000	file2" >expect &&
+	test-chmtime -v +0 file2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh b/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..468a000e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t2024-checkout-dwim.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='checkout <branch>
+
+Ensures that checkout on an unborn branch does what the user expects'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Is the current branch "refs/heads/$1"?
+test_branch () {
+	printf "%s\n" "refs/heads/$1" >expect.HEAD &&
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD >actual.HEAD &&
+	test_cmp expect.HEAD actual.HEAD
+}
+
+# Is branch "refs/heads/$1" set to pull from "$2/$3"?
+test_branch_upstream () {
+	printf "%s\n" "$2" "refs/heads/$3" >expect.upstream &&
+	{
+		git config "branch.$1.remote" &&
+		git config "branch.$1.merge"
+	} >actual.upstream &&
+	test_cmp expect.upstream actual.upstream
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit my_master &&
+	git init repo_a &&
+	(
+		cd repo_a &&
+		test_commit a_master &&
+		git checkout -b foo &&
+		test_commit a_foo &&
+		git checkout -b bar &&
+		test_commit a_bar
+	) &&
+	git init repo_b &&
+	(
+		cd repo_b &&
+		test_commit b_master &&
+		git checkout -b foo &&
+		test_commit b_foo &&
+		git checkout -b baz &&
+		test_commit b_baz
+	) &&
+	git remote add repo_a repo_a &&
+	git remote add repo_b repo_b &&
+	git config remote.repo_b.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/other_b/*" &&
+	git fetch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of non-existing branch fails' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D xyzzy &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout xyzzy &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/xyzzy &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #1' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D foo &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout foo &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #1' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	git checkout bar &&
+	test_branch bar &&
+	test_cmp_rev remotes/repo_a/bar HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream bar repo_a bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #2' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D baz &&
+
+	git checkout baz &&
+	test_branch baz &&
+	test_cmp_rev remotes/other_b/baz HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream baz repo_b baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-guess suppresses branch auto-vivification' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout --no-guess bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/bar &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup more remotes with unconventional refspecs' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	git init repo_c &&
+	(
+		cd repo_c &&
+		test_commit c_master &&
+		git checkout -b bar &&
+		test_commit c_bar &&
+		git checkout -b spam &&
+		test_commit c_spam
+	) &&
+	git init repo_d &&
+	(
+		cd repo_d &&
+		test_commit d_master &&
+		git checkout -b baz &&
+		test_commit d_baz &&
+		git checkout -b eggs &&
+		test_commit d_eggs
+	) &&
+	git remote add repo_c repo_c &&
+	git config remote.repo_c.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/*" &&
+	git remote add repo_d repo_d &&
+	git config remote.repo_d.fetch \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/repo_d/*" &&
+	git fetch --all
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #2' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D bar &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout bar &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/bar &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from multiple remotes fails #3' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D baz &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout baz &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/baz &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #3' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	git checkout spam &&
+	test_branch spam &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/spam HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream spam repo_c spam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch from a single remote succeeds #4' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D eggs &&
+
+	git checkout eggs &&
+	test_branch eggs &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/repo_d/eggs HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream eggs repo_d eggs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout of branch with a file having the same name fails' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	>spam &&
+	test_must_fail git checkout spam &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/spam &&
+	test_branch master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout <branch> -- succeeds, even if a file with the same name exists' '
+	git checkout -B master &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D spam &&
+
+	>spam &&
+	git checkout spam -- &&
+	test_branch spam &&
+	test_cmp_rev refs/remotes/extra_dir/repo_c/extra_dir/spam HEAD &&
+	test_branch_upstream spam repo_c spam
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'loosely defined local base branch is reported correctly' '
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch strict &&
+	git branch loose &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "a bit more" &&
+
+	test_config branch.strict.remote . &&
+	test_config branch.loose.remote . &&
+	test_config branch.strict.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	test_config branch.loose.merge master &&
+
+	git checkout strict | sed -e "s/strict/BRANCHNAME/g" >expect &&
+	git checkout loose | sed -e "s/loose/BRANCHNAME/g" >actual &&
+
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
index cb7effe0a3..309199bca2 100755
--- a/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
+++ b/t/t2030-unresolve-info.sh
@@ -44,14 +44,21 @@ prime_resolve_undo () {
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	mkdir fi &&
+	printf "a\0a" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
 	test_commit initial fi/le first &&
 	git branch side &&
 	git branch another &&
+	printf "a\0b" >binary &&
+	git add binary &&
 	test_commit second fi/le second &&
 	git checkout side &&
 	test_commit third fi/le third &&
+	git branch add-add &&
 	git checkout another &&
 	test_commit fourth fi/le fourth &&
+	git checkout add-add &&
+	test_commit fifth add-differently &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
@@ -113,7 +120,7 @@ test_expect_success 'unmerge with plumbing' '
 	prime_resolve_undo &&
 	git update-index --unresolve fi/le &&
 	git ls-files -u >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 3
+	test_line_count = 3 actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rerere and rerere forget' '
@@ -167,4 +174,22 @@ test_expect_success 'rerere and rerere forget (subdirectory)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rerere forget (binary)' '
+	git checkout -f side &&
+	printf "a\0c" >binary &&
+	git commit -a -m binary &&
+	test_must_fail git merge second &&
+	git rerere forget binary
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rerere forget (add-add conflict)' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	echo master >add-differently &&
+	git add add-differently &&
+	git commit -m "add differently" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge fifth &&
+	git rerere forget add-differently 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "no remembered" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh b/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh
index 1d0879be06..cc830da58d 100755
--- a/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh
+++ b/t/t2104-update-index-skip-worktree.sh
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ test_description='skip-worktree bit test'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+sane_unset GIT_TEST_SPLIT_INDEX
+
+test_set_index_version 3
+
 cat >expect.full <<EOF
 H 1
 H 2
diff --git a/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh b/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
index 809fafe208..dfe02f4818 100755
--- a/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t2107-update-index-basic.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index --nonsense fails' '
 
 test_expect_success 'update-index --nonsense dumps usage' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git update-index --nonsense 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" err
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update-index -h with corrupt index' '
@@ -26,7 +26,58 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index -h with corrupt index' '
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git update-index -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git update-index" broken/usage
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cacheinfo complains of missing arguments' '
+	test_must_fail git update-index --cacheinfo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cacheinfo does not accept blob null sha1' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git rev-parse :file >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --cacheinfo 100644 $_z40 file &&
+	git rev-parse :file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cacheinfo does not accept gitlink null sha1' '
+	git init submodule &&
+	(cd submodule && test_commit foo) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	git rev-parse :submodule >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git update-index --cacheinfo 160000 $_z40 submodule &&
+	git rev-parse :submodule >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--cacheinfo mode,sha1,path (new syntax)' '
+	echo content >file &&
+	git hash-object -w --stdin <file >expect &&
+
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 "$(cat expect)" file &&
+	git rev-parse :file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo "100644,$(cat expect),elif" &&
+	git rev-parse :elif >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '.lock files cleaned up' '
+	mkdir cleanup &&
+	(
+	cd cleanup &&
+	mkdir worktree &&
+	git init repo &&
+	cd repo &&
+	git config core.worktree ../../worktree &&
+	# --refresh triggers late setup_work_tree,
+	# active_cache_changed is zero, rollback_lock_file fails
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	! test -f .git/index.lock
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2200-add-update.sh b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
index 4cdebda6a5..e16b15d3e5 100755
--- a/t/t2200-add-update.sh
+++ b/t/t2200-add-update.sh
@@ -80,11 +80,21 @@ test_expect_success 'change gets noticed' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'replace a file with a symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'non-qualified update in subdir updates from the root' '
+	(
+		cd dir1 &&
+		echo even more >>sub2 &&
+		git add -u
+	) &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git diff-files --name-only >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace a file with a symlink' '
 
 	rm foo &&
-	ln -s top foo &&
-	git add -u -- foo
+	test_ln_s_add top foo
 
 '
 
@@ -150,9 +160,9 @@ test_expect_success 'add -u resolves unmerged paths' '
 	echo 2 >path3 &&
 	echo 2 >path5 &&
 
-	# Explicit resolving by adding removed paths should fail
-	test_must_fail git add path4 &&
-	test_must_fail git add path6 &&
+	# Fail to explicitly resolve removed paths with "git add"
+	test_must_fail git add --no-all path4 &&
+	test_must_fail git add --no-all path6 &&
 
 	# "add -u" should notice removals no matter what stages
 	# the index entries are in.
diff --git a/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh b/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
index 6a8151064c..fc8b59e7f7 100755
--- a/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
+++ b/t/t2202-add-addremove.sh
@@ -41,4 +41,14 @@ test_expect_success 'git add --all' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'Just "git add" is a no-op' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo >will-remove &&
+	>will-not-be-added &&
+	git add &&
+	git diff-index --name-status --cached HEAD >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
index ec35409f9c..2a4a749b4f 100755
--- a/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
+++ b/t/t2203-add-intent.sh
@@ -62,5 +62,25 @@ test_expect_success 'can "commit -a" with an i-t-a entry' '
 	git commit -a -m all
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cache-tree invalidates i-t-a paths' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	: >dir/foo &&
+	git add dir/foo &&
+	git commit -m foo &&
+
+	: >dir/bar &&
+	git add -N dir/bar &&
+	git diff --cached --name-only >actual &&
+	echo dir/bar >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git write-tree >/dev/null &&
+
+	git diff --cached --name-only >actual &&
+	echo dir/bar >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
 
diff --git a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
index c8fe978267..3fc484e8c3 100755
--- a/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
+++ b/t/t3001-ls-files-others-exclude.sh
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      test_cmp expect output'
 
 test_expect_success 'restore gitignore' '
-	git checkout $allignores &&
+	git checkout --ignore-skip-worktree-bits $allignores &&
 	rm .git/index
 '
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ EOF
 
 git config core.excludesFile excludes-file
 
-git status | grep "^#	" > output
+git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status | grep "^#	" > output
 
 cat > expect << EOF
 #	.gitignore
@@ -175,6 +175,24 @@ test_expect_success 'negated exclude matches can override previous ones' '
 	grep "^a.1" output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'excluded directory overrides content patterns' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="one" --exclude="!one/a.1" >output &&
+	if grep "^one/a.1" output
+	then
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'negated directory doesn'\''t affect content patterns' '
+
+	git ls-files --others --exclude="!one" --exclude="one/a.1" >output &&
+	if grep "^one/a.1" output
+	then
+		false
+	fi
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (setup)' '
 	mkdir -p top/l1/l2 &&
 	(
@@ -214,4 +232,77 @@ test_expect_success 'subdirectory ignore (l1)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show/hide empty ignored directory (setup)' '
+	rm top/l1/l2/l1 &&
+	rm top/l1/.gitignore
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty ignored directory with --directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory
+	) >actual &&
+	echo l1/ >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide empty ignored directory with --no-empty-directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory --no-empty-directory
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show/hide empty ignored sub-directory (setup)' '
+	> top/l1/tracked &&
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git add -f l1/tracked
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show empty ignored sub-directory with --directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory
+	) >actual &&
+	echo l1/l2/ >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hide empty ignored sub-directory with --no-empty-directory' '
+	(
+		cd top &&
+		git ls-files -o -i --exclude l1 --directory --no-empty-directory
+	) >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pattern matches prefix completely' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git ls-files -i -o --exclude "/three/a.3[abc]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with "**" patterns' '
+	cat <<\EOF >expect &&
+a.1
+one/a.1
+one/two/a.1
+three/a.1
+EOF
+	git ls-files -o -i --exclude "**/a.1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files with "**" patterns and no slashes' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git ls-files -o -i --exclude "one**a.1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh b/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
index 490e052875..9c7adbdbe1 100755
--- a/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t3004-ls-files-basic.sh
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ test_expect_success 'ls-files with nonexistent path' '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-files with nonsense option' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git ls-files --nonsense 2>actual &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-files -h in corrupt repository' '
@@ -33,7 +33,24 @@ test_expect_success 'ls-files -h in corrupt repository' '
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git ls-files -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files " broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git ls-files " broken/usage
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'ls-files with absolute paths to symlinks' '
+	mkdir subs &&
+	ln -s nosuch link &&
+	ln -s ../nosuch subs/link &&
+	git add link subs/link &&
+	git ls-files -s link subs/link >expect &&
+	git ls-files -s "$(pwd)/link" "$(pwd)/subs/link" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	(
+		cd subs &&
+		git ls-files -s link >../expect &&
+		git ls-files -s "$(pwd)/link" >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3006-ls-files-long.sh b/t/t3006-ls-files-long.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..202ad658b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3006-ls-files-long.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='overly long paths'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	p=filefilefilefilefilefilefilefile &&
+	p=$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p &&
+	p=$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p$p &&
+
+	path_a=${p}_a &&
+	path_z=${p}_z &&
+
+	blob_a=$(echo frotz | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	blob_z=$(echo nitfol | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+
+	pat="100644 %s 0\t%s\n"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overly-long path by itself is not a problem' '
+	printf "$pat" "$blob_a" "$path_a" |
+	git update-index --add --index-info &&
+	echo "$path_a" >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'overly-long path does not replace another by mistake' '
+	printf "$pat" "$blob_a" "$path_a" "$blob_z" "$path_z" |
+	git update-index --add --index-info &&
+	(
+		echo "$path_a"
+		echo "$path_z"
+	) >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh b/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
index 95671c2053..580e158f99 100755
--- a/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
+++ b/t/t3010-ls-files-killed-modified.sh
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ This test prepares the following in the cache:
     path1       - a symlink
     path2/file2 - a file in a directory
     path3/file3 - a file in a directory
+    pathx/ju    - a file in a directory
+    submod1/	- a submodule
+    submod2/	- another submodule
 
 and the following on the filesystem:
 
@@ -21,9 +24,12 @@ and the following on the filesystem:
     path4	- a file
     path5	- a symlink
     path6/file6 - a file in a directory
+    pathx/ju/nk - a file in a directory to be killed
+    submod1/	- a submodule (modified from the cache)
+    submod2/	- a submodule (matches the cache)
 
-git ls-files -k should report that existing filesystem
-objects except path4, path5 and path6/file6 to be killed.
+git ls-files -k should report that existing filesystem objects
+path0/*, path1/*, path2 and path3 to be killed.
 
 Also for modification test, the cache and working tree have:
 
@@ -33,75 +39,88 @@ Also for modification test, the cache and working tree have:
     path10	- a non-empty file, cache dirtied.
 
 We should report path0, path1, path2/file2, path3/file3, path7 and path8
-modified without reporting path9 and path10.
+modified without reporting path9 and path10.  submod1 is also modified.
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-date >path0
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	ln -s xyzzy path1
-else
-	date > path1
-fi
-mkdir path2 path3
-date >path2/file2
-date >path3/file3
-: >path7
-date >path8
-: >path9
-date >path10
-test_expect_success \
-    'git update-index --add to add various paths.' \
-    "git update-index --add -- path0 path1 path?/file? path7 path8 path9 path10"
-
-rm -fr path? ;# leave path10 alone
-date >path2
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	ln -s frotz path3
-	ln -s nitfol path5
-else
-	date > path3
-	date > path5
-fi
-mkdir path0 path1 path6
-date >path0/file0
-date >path1/file1
-date >path6/file6
-date >path7
-: >path8
-: >path9
-touch path10
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-files -k to show killed files.' \
-    'git ls-files -k >.output'
-cat >.expected <<EOF
-path0/file0
-path1/file1
-path2
-path3
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git ls-files -k output.' \
-    'test_cmp .expected .output'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git ls-files -m to show modified files.' \
-    'git ls-files -m >.output'
-cat >.expected <<EOF
-path0
-path1
-path2/file2
-path3/file3
-path7
-path8
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git ls-files -m output.' \
-    'test_cmp .expected .output'
+test_expect_success 'git update-index --add to add various paths.' '
+	date >path0 &&
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy path1 &&
+	mkdir path2 path3 pathx &&
+	date >path2/file2 &&
+	date >path3/file3 &&
+	>pathx/ju &&
+	: >path7 &&
+	date >path8 &&
+	: >path9 &&
+	date >path10 &&
+	git update-index --add -- path0 path?/file? pathx/ju path7 path8 path9 path10 &&
+	git init submod1 &&
+	git -C submod1 commit --allow-empty -m "empty 1" &&
+	git init submod2 &&
+	git -C submod2 commit --allow-empty -m "empty 2" &&
+	git update-index --add submod[12] &&
+	(
+		cd submod1 &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "empty 1 (updated)"
+	) &&
+	rm -fr path?	# leave path10 alone
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k to show killed files.' '
+	date >path2 &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s frotz path3 &&
+		ln -s nitfol path5
+	else
+		date >path3 &&
+		date >path5
+	fi &&
+	mkdir -p path0 path1 path6 pathx/ju &&
+	date >path0/file0 &&
+	date >path1/file1 &&
+	date >path6/file6 &&
+	date >path7 &&
+	: >path8 &&
+	: >path9 &&
+	touch path10 &&
+	>pathx/ju/nk &&
+	cat >.expected <<-\EOF
+	path0/file0
+	path1/file1
+	path2
+	path3
+	pathx/ju/nk
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k output (w/o icase)' '
+	git ls-files -k >.output &&
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -k output (w/ icase)' '
+	git -c core.ignorecase=true ls-files -k >.output &&
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git ls-files -m to show modified files.' '
+	git ls-files -m >.output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate git ls-files -m output.' '
+	cat >.expected <<-\EOF &&
+	path0
+	path1
+	path2/file2
+	path3/file3
+	path7
+	path8
+	pathx/ju
+	submod1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp .expected .output
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
index a5e3da7e41..82e18548c3 100755
--- a/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
+++ b/t/t3030-merge-recursive.sh
@@ -25,10 +25,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup 1' '
 	git branch submod &&
 	git branch copy &&
 	git branch rename &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-	then
-		git branch rename-ln
-	fi &&
+	git branch rename-ln &&
 
 	echo hello >>a &&
 	cp a d/e &&
@@ -260,16 +257,13 @@ test_expect_success 'setup 8' '
 	git add e &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "rename a->e" &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-	then
-		git checkout rename-ln &&
-		git mv a e &&
-		ln -s e a &&
-		git add a e &&
-		test_tick &&
-		git commit -m "rename a->e, symlink a->e" &&
-		oln=`printf e | git hash-object --stdin`
-	fi
+	c7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git checkout rename-ln &&
+	git mv a e &&
+	test_ln_s_add e a &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "rename a->e, symlink a->e" &&
+	oln=`printf e | git hash-object --stdin`
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup 9' '
@@ -524,6 +518,52 @@ test_expect_success 'reset and bind merge' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive w/ empty work tree - ours has rename' '
+	(
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$PWD/ours-has-rename-work" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$PWD/ours-has-rename-index" &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		mkdir "$GIT_WORK_TREE" &&
+		git read-tree -i -m $c7 &&
+		git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh &&
+		git merge-recursive $c0 -- $c7 $c3 &&
+		git ls-files -s >actual-files
+	) 2>actual-err &&
+	>expected-err &&
+	cat >expected-files <<-EOF &&
+	100644 $o3 0	b/c
+	100644 $o0 0	c
+	100644 $o0 0	d/e
+	100644 $o0 0	e
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected-files actual-files &&
+	test_cmp expected-err actual-err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-recursive w/ empty work tree - theirs has rename' '
+	(
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$PWD/theirs-has-rename-work" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE &&
+		GIT_INDEX_FILE="$PWD/theirs-has-rename-index" &&
+		export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+		mkdir "$GIT_WORK_TREE" &&
+		git read-tree -i -m $c3 &&
+		git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh &&
+		git merge-recursive $c0 -- $c3 $c7 &&
+		git ls-files -s >actual-files
+	) 2>actual-err &&
+	>expected-err &&
+	cat >expected-files <<-EOF &&
+	100644 $o3 0	b/c
+	100644 $o0 0	c
+	100644 $o0 0	d/e
+	100644 $o0 0	e
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected-files actual-files &&
+	test_cmp expected-err actual-err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge removes empty directories' '
 
 	git reset --hard master &&
@@ -569,28 +609,25 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-recursive copy vs. rename' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-then
-	test_expect_failure 'merge-recursive rename vs. rename/symlink' '
-
-		git checkout -f rename &&
-		git merge rename-ln &&
-		( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
-		(
-			echo "120000 blob $oln	a"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
-			echo "100644 blob $o0	e"
-			echo "120000 $oln 0	a"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
-			echo "100644 $o0 0	e"
-		) >expected &&
-		test_cmp expected actual
-	'
-fi
+test_expect_failure 'merge-recursive rename vs. rename/symlink' '
+
+	git checkout -f rename &&
+	git merge rename-ln &&
+	( git ls-tree -r HEAD ; git ls-files -s ) >actual &&
+	(
+		echo "120000 blob $oln	a"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	b"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	c"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 blob $o0	e"
+		echo "120000 $oln 0	a"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	b"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	c"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	d/e"
+		echo "100644 $o0 0	e"
+	) >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh b/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh
index 7f41607c56..e59b0a32d6 100755
--- a/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh
+++ b/t/t3031-merge-criscross.sh
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup repo with criss-cross history' '
 	do
 		echo $n > data/$n &&
 		n=$(($n+1)) ||
-		break
+		return 1
 	done &&
 
 	# check them in
diff --git a/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh b/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
index 2b17311cb0..4029c9c8c0 100755
--- a/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
+++ b/t/t3032-merge-recursive-options.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,11 @@ test_description='merge-recursive options
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_have_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR && SED_OPTIONS=-b
-test_have_prereq MINGW && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+if test_have_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
+then
+	GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+	export GREP_OPTIONS
+fi
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	conflict_hunks () {
diff --git a/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh b/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh
index 61c1f53d1b..44f378ce41 100755
--- a/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t3060-ls-files-with-tree.sh
@@ -18,22 +18,16 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	echo file >expected &&
 	mkdir sub &&
-	bad= &&
 	for n in 0 1 2 3 4 5
 	do
 		for m in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
 		do
 			num=00$n$m &&
 			>sub/file-$num &&
-			echo file-$num >>expected || {
-				bad=t
-				break
-			}
-		done && test -z "$bad" || {
-			bad=t
-			break
-		}
-	done && test -z "$bad" &&
+			echo file-$num >>expected ||
+			return 1
+		done
+	done &&
 	git add . &&
 	git commit -m "add a bunch of files" &&
 
diff --git a/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ef509df351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3070-wildmatch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='wildmatch tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+match() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "wildmatch:     match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    test-wildmatch wildmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "wildmatch:  no match '$3' '$4'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch wildmatch '$3' '$4'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+imatch() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "iwildmatch:    match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    test-wildmatch iwildmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "iwildmatch: no match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch iwildmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+pathmatch() {
+    if [ $1 = 1 ]; then
+	test_expect_success "pathmatch:     match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    test-wildmatch pathmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    else
+	test_expect_success "pathmatch:  no match '$2' '$3'" "
+	    ! test-wildmatch pathmatch '$2' '$3'
+	"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Basic wildmat features
+match 1 1 foo foo
+match 0 0 foo bar
+match 1 1 '' ""
+match 1 1 foo '???'
+match 0 0 foo '??'
+match 1 1 foo '*'
+match 1 1 foo 'f*'
+match 0 0 foo '*f'
+match 1 1 foo '*foo*'
+match 1 1 foobar '*ob*a*r*'
+match 1 1 aaaaaaabababab '*ab'
+match 1 1 'foo*' 'foo\*'
+match 0 0 foobar 'foo\*bar'
+match 1 1 'f\oo' 'f\\oo'
+match 1 1 ball '*[al]?'
+match 0 0 ten '[ten]'
+match 0 1 ten '**[!te]'
+match 0 0 ten '**[!ten]'
+match 1 1 ten 't[a-g]n'
+match 0 0 ten 't[!a-g]n'
+match 1 1 ton 't[!a-g]n'
+match 1 1 ton 't[^a-g]n'
+match 1 x 'a]b' 'a[]]b'
+match 1 x a-b 'a[]-]b'
+match 1 x 'a]b' 'a[]-]b'
+match 0 x aab 'a[]-]b'
+match 1 x aab 'a[]a-]b'
+match 1 1 ']' ']'
+
+# Extended slash-matching features
+match 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo*bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo**bar'
+match 0 1 'foobazbar' 'foo**bar'
+match 1 1 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/baz/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/b/a/z/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar' 'foo/**/bar'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar' 'foo/**/**/bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'foo?bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'foo[/]bar'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar' 'f[^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu]r'
+match 1 1 'foo-bar' 'f[^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu][^eiu]r'
+match 1 0 'foo' '**/foo'
+match 1 x 'XXX/foo' '**/foo'
+match 1 0 'bar/baz/foo' '**/foo'
+match 0 0 'bar/baz/foo' '*/foo'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar/baz' '**/bar*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz' '**/bar/*'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/' '**/bar/*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/' '**/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar' '**/bar/*'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/' '**/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'foo/bar/baz' '**/bar**'
+match 1 0 'foo/bar/baz/x' '*/bar/**'
+match 0 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/x' '*/bar/**'
+match 1 0 'deep/foo/bar/baz/x' '**/bar/*/*'
+
+# Various additional tests
+match 0 0 'acrt' 'a[c-c]st'
+match 1 1 'acrt' 'a[c-c]rt'
+match 0 0 ']' '[!]-]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[!]-]'
+match 0 0 '' '\'
+match 0 x '\' '\'
+match 0 x 'XXX/\' '*/\'
+match 1 x 'XXX/\' '*/\\'
+match 1 1 'foo' 'foo'
+match 1 1 '@foo' '@foo'
+match 0 0 'foo' '@foo'
+match 1 1 '[ab]' '\[ab]'
+match 1 1 '[ab]' '[[]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[[:]ab]'
+match 0 x '[ab]' '[[::]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[[:digit]ab]'
+match 1 x '[ab]' '[\[:]ab]'
+match 1 1 '?a?b' '\??\?b'
+match 1 1 'abc' '\a\b\c'
+match 0 0 'foo' ''
+match 1 0 'foo/bar/baz/to' '**/t[o]'
+
+# Character class tests
+match 1 x 'a1B' '[[:alpha:]][[:digit:]][[:upper:]]'
+match 0 x 'a' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '1' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 0 x '1' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:spaci:]]'
+match 1 x ' ' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 0 x '.' '[[:digit:][:upper:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '.' '[[:digit:][:punct:][:space:]]'
+match 1 x '5' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x 'f' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x 'D' '[[:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '_' '[[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:graph:][:lower:][:print:][:punct:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '_' '[[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:graph:][:lower:][:print:][:punct:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '.' '[^[:alnum:][:alpha:][:blank:][:cntrl:][:digit:][:lower:][:space:][:upper:][:xdigit:]]'
+match 1 x '5' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 1 x 'b' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 1 x 'y' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+match 0 x 'q' '[a-c[:digit:]x-z]'
+
+# Additional tests, including some malformed wildmats
+match 1 x ']' '[\\-^]'
+match 0 0 '[' '[\\-^]'
+match 1 x '-' '[\-_]'
+match 1 x ']' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 '\]' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[\]]'
+match 0 0 'ab' 'a[]b'
+match 0 x 'a[]b' 'a[]b'
+match 0 x 'ab[' 'ab['
+match 0 0 'ab' '[!'
+match 0 0 'ab' '[-'
+match 1 1 '-' '[-]'
+match 0 0 '-' '[a-'
+match 0 0 '-' '[!a-'
+match 1 x '-' '[--A]'
+match 1 x '5' '[--A]'
+match 1 1 ' ' '[ --]'
+match 1 1 '$' '[ --]'
+match 1 1 '-' '[ --]'
+match 0 0 '0' '[ --]'
+match 1 x '-' '[---]'
+match 1 x '-' '[------]'
+match 0 0 'j' '[a-e-n]'
+match 1 x '-' '[a-e-n]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[!------]'
+match 0 0 '[' '[]-a]'
+match 1 x '^' '[]-a]'
+match 0 0 '^' '[!]-a]'
+match 1 x '[' '[!]-a]'
+match 1 1 '^' '[a^bc]'
+match 1 x '-b]' '[a-]b]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[\]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[\\]'
+match 0 0 '\' '[!\\]'
+match 1 1 'G' '[A-\\]'
+match 0 0 'aaabbb' 'b*a'
+match 0 0 'aabcaa' '*ba*'
+match 1 1 ',' '[,]'
+match 1 1 ',' '[\\,]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[\\,]'
+match 1 1 '-' '[,-.]'
+match 0 0 '+' '[,-.]'
+match 0 0 '-.]' '[,-.]'
+match 1 1 '2' '[\1-\3]'
+match 1 1 '3' '[\1-\3]'
+match 0 0 '4' '[\1-\3]'
+match 1 1 '\' '[[-\]]'
+match 1 1 '[' '[[-\]]'
+match 1 1 ']' '[[-\]]'
+match 0 0 '-' '[[-\]]'
+
+# Test recursion and the abort code (use "wildtest -i" to see iteration counts)
+match 1 1 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-m-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 0 0 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-X-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 0 0 '-adobe-courier-bold-o-normal--12-120-75-75-/-70-iso8859-1' '-*-*-*-*-*-*-12-*-*-*-m-*-*-*'
+match 1 1 'XXX/adobe/courier/bold/o/normal//12/120/75/75/m/70/iso8859/1' 'XXX/*/*/*/*/*/*/12/*/*/*/m/*/*/*'
+match 0 0 'XXX/adobe/courier/bold/o/normal//12/120/75/75/X/70/iso8859/1' 'XXX/*/*/*/*/*/*/12/*/*/*/m/*/*/*'
+match 1 0 'abcd/abcdefg/abcdefghijk/abcdefghijklmnop.txt' '**/*a*b*g*n*t'
+match 0 0 'abcd/abcdefg/abcdefghijk/abcdefghijklmnop.txtz' '**/*a*b*g*n*t'
+match 0 x foo '*/*/*'
+match 0 x foo/bar '*/*/*'
+match 1 x foo/bba/arr '*/*/*'
+match 0 x foo/bb/aa/rr '*/*/*'
+match 1 x foo/bb/aa/rr '**/**/**'
+match 1 x abcXdefXghi '*X*i'
+match 0 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*X*i'
+match 1 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*/*X*/*/*i'
+match 1 x ab/cXd/efXg/hi '**/*X*/**/*i'
+
+pathmatch 1 foo foo
+pathmatch 0 foo fo
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar foo/bar
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo**'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*arr'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**arr'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bba/arr 'foo/*z'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bba/arr 'foo/**z'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo?bar'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bar 'foo[/]bar'
+pathmatch 0 foo '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 0 foo/bar '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bba/arr '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 foo/bb/aa/rr '*/*/*'
+pathmatch 1 abcXdefXghi '*X*i'
+pathmatch 1 ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*/*X*/*/*i'
+pathmatch 1 ab/cXd/efXg/hi '*Xg*i'
+
+# Case-sensitivy features
+match 0 x 'a' '[A-Z]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[A-Z]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[a-z]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[a-z]'
+match 0 x 'a' '[[:upper:]]'
+match 1 x 'A' '[[:upper:]]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[[:lower:]]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[[:lower:]]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[B-Za]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[B-Za]'
+match 0 x 'A' '[B-a]'
+match 1 x 'a' '[B-a]'
+match 0 x 'z' '[Z-y]'
+match 1 x 'Z' '[Z-y]'
+
+imatch 1 'a' '[A-Z]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[A-Z]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[a-z]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[a-z]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[[:upper:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[[:upper:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[[:lower:]]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[[:lower:]]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[B-Za]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[B-Za]'
+imatch 1 'A' '[B-a]'
+imatch 1 'a' '[B-a]'
+imatch 1 'z' '[Z-y]'
+imatch 1 'Z' '[Z-y]'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
index 81d90b66c5..eb73c06a4e 100755
--- a/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
+++ b/t/t3100-ls-tree-restrict.sh
@@ -22,20 +22,8 @@ test_expect_success \
     'setup' \
     'mkdir path2 path2/baz &&
      echo Hi >path0 &&
-     if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
-     then
-	ln -s path0 path1 &&
-	ln -s ../path1 path2/bazbo
-	make_expected () {
-		cat >expected
-	}
-     else
-	printf path0 > path1 &&
-	printf ../path1 > path2/bazbo
-	make_expected () {
-		sed -e "s/120000 /100644 /" >expected
-	}
-     fi &&
+     test_ln_s_add path0 path1 &&
+     test_ln_s_add ../path1 path2/bazbo &&
      echo Lo >path2/foo &&
      echo Mi >path2/baz/b &&
      find path? \( -type f -o -type l \) -print |
@@ -51,7 +39,7 @@ test_output () {
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree plain' \
     'git ls-tree $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 040000 tree X	path2
@@ -61,7 +49,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive' \
     'git ls-tree -r $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 100644 blob X	path2/baz/b
@@ -73,7 +61,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive with -t' \
     'git ls-tree -r -t $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 040000 tree X	path2
@@ -87,7 +75,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree recursive with -d' \
     'git ls-tree -r -d $tree >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 EOF
@@ -96,7 +84,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
@@ -106,7 +94,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path1 path0' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path1 path0 >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 100644 blob X	path0
 120000 blob X	path1
 EOF
@@ -115,7 +103,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path0/' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path0/ >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
@@ -124,7 +112,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2 >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -133,7 +121,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/ >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
 100644 blob X	path2/foo
@@ -145,7 +133,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/baz' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/baz >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -153,14 +141,14 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree filtered with path2/bak' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/bak >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 EOF
      test_output'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree -t filtered with path2/bak' \
     'git ls-tree -t $tree path2/bak >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2
 EOF
      test_output'
@@ -168,7 +156,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'ls-tree with one path a prefix of the other' \
     'git ls-tree $tree path2/baz path2/bazbo >current &&
-     make_expected <<\EOF &&
+     cat >expected <<\EOF &&
 040000 tree X	path2/baz
 120000 blob X	path2/bazbo
 EOF
diff --git a/t/t3102-ls-tree-wildcards.sh b/t/t3102-ls-tree-wildcards.sh
index c286854485..4d4b02e760 100755
--- a/t/t3102-ls-tree-wildcards.sh
+++ b/t/t3102-ls-tree-wildcards.sh
@@ -12,11 +12,25 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'ls-tree a[a] matches literally' '
-	cat >expected <<EOF &&
-100644 blob e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391	a[a]/three
-EOF
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391	a[a]/three
+	EOF
 	git ls-tree -r HEAD "a[a]" >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree outside prefix' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	100644 blob e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391	../a[a]/three
+	EOF
+	( cd aa && git ls-tree -r HEAD "../a[a]"; ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'ls-tree does not yet support negated pathspec' '
+	git ls-files ":(exclude)a" "a*" >expect &&
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r HEAD ":(exclude)a" "a*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3200-branch.sh b/t/t3200-branch.sh
index 9fe1d8feab..ddea49808d 100755
--- a/t/t3200-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t3200-branch.sh
@@ -7,20 +7,19 @@ test_description='git branch assorted tests'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'prepare a trivial repository' \
-    'echo Hello > A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
-     echo World >> A &&
-     git update-index --add A &&
-     git commit -m "Second commit." &&
-     HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
-     test_might_fail git branch --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null &&
-     test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/--help
+test_expect_success 'prepare a trivial repository' '
+	echo Hello >A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Initial commit." &&
+	echo World >>A &&
+	git update-index --add A &&
+	git commit -m "Second commit." &&
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch --help should not have created a bogus branch' '
+	test_might_fail git branch --man --help </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/--help
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -h in broken repository' '
@@ -31,69 +30,87 @@ test_expect_success 'branch -h in broken repository' '
 		>.git/refs/heads/master &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git branch -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch abc should create a branch' \
-    'git branch abc && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/abc'
+test_expect_success 'git branch abc should create a branch' '
+	git branch abc && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/abc
+'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' \
-    'git branch a/b/c && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/a/b/c'
+test_expect_success 'git branch a/b/c should create a branch' '
+	git branch a/b/c && test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/a/b/c
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch HEAD should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git branch HEAD
+'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 $_z40 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' \
-	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     git branch -l d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' \
-	'git branch -d d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
-	 test_path_is_missing .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' \
-       'git branch j &&
-        git branch -d j &&
-        git branch j/k'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' \
-       'git branch l/m &&
-        git branch -d l/m &&
-        git branch l'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m dumps usage' \
-       'test_expect_code 129 git branch -m 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git branch" err'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m m m/m should work' \
-       'git branch -l m &&
-        git branch -m m m/m &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/m/m'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m n/n n should work' \
-       'git branch -l n/n &&
+test_expect_success 'git branch -l d/e/f should create a branch and a log' '
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	git branch -l d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -d d/e/f should delete a branch and a log' '
+	git branch -d d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/d/e/f &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/logs/refs/heads/d/e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch j/k should work after branch j has been deleted' '
+	git branch j &&
+	git branch -d j &&
+	git branch j/k
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch l should work after branch l/m has been deleted' '
+	git branch l/m &&
+	git branch -d l/m &&
+	git branch l
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m dumps usage' '
+	test_expect_code 128 git branch -m 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "branch name required" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m m m/m should work' '
+	git branch -l m &&
+	git branch -m m m/m &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/m/m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m n/n n should work' '
+	git branch -l n/n &&
 	git branch -m n/n n &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/n'
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/n
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'git branch -m o/o o should fail when o/p exists' '
 	git branch o/o &&
-        git branch o/p &&
+	git branch o/p &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m o/o o
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m o/q o/p should fail when o/p exists' '
+	git branch o/q &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m o/q o/p
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -M o/q o/p should work when o/p exists' '
+	git branch -M o/q o/p
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m -f o/q o/p should work when o/p exists' '
+	git branch o/q &&
+	git branch -m -f o/q o/p
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git branch -m q r/q should fail when r exists' '
 	git branch q &&
 	git branch r &&
@@ -160,6 +177,83 @@ test_expect_success 'git branch --list -d t should fail' '
 	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/t
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git branch --column' '
+	COLUMNS=81 git branch --column=column >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+  a/b/c     bam       foo       l       * master    n         o/p       r
+  abc       bar       j/k       m/m       master2   o/o       q
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch --column with an extremely long branch name' '
+	long=this/is/a/part/of/long/branch/name &&
+	long=z$long/$long/$long/$long &&
+	test_when_finished "git branch -d $long" &&
+	git branch $long &&
+	COLUMNS=80 git branch --column=column >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+  a/b/c
+  abc
+  bam
+  bar
+  foo
+  j/k
+  l
+  m/m
+* master
+  master2
+  n
+  o/o
+  o/p
+  q
+  r
+  $long
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch with column.*' '
+	git config column.ui column &&
+	git config column.branch "dense" &&
+	COLUMNS=80 git branch >actual &&
+	git config --unset column.branch &&
+	git config --unset column.ui &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+  a/b/c   bam   foo   l   * master    n     o/p   r
+  abc     bar   j/k   m/m   master2   o/o   q
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch --column -v should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --column -v
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch -v with column.ui ignored' '
+	git config column.ui column &&
+	COLUMNS=80 git branch -v | cut -c -10 | sed "s/ *$//" >actual &&
+	git config --unset column.ui &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+  a/b/c
+  abc
+  bam
+  bar
+  foo
+  j/k
+  l
+  m/m
+* master
+  master2
+  n
+  o/o
+  o/p
+  q
+  r
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 mv .git/config .git/config-saved
 
 test_expect_success 'git branch -m q q2 without config should succeed' '
@@ -171,22 +265,50 @@ mv .git/config-saved .git/config
 
 git config branch.s/s.dummy Hello
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' \
-       'git branch -l s/s &&
+test_expect_success 'git branch -m s/s s should work when s/t is deleted' '
+	git branch -l s/s &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s/s &&
-        git branch -l s/t &&
+	git branch -l s/t &&
 	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s/t &&
-        git branch -d s/t &&
-        git branch -m s/s s &&
-	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s'
+	git branch -d s/t &&
+	git branch -m s/s s &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/s
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' '
+	test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'config information was renamed, too' \
-	"test $(git config branch.s.dummy) = Hello &&
-	 test_must_fail git config branch.s/s/dummy"
+test_expect_success 'deleting a symref' '
+	git branch target &&
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/symref refs/heads/target &&
+	echo "Deleted branch symref (was refs/heads/target)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d symref >actual &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/target &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/symref &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' \
+test_expect_success 'deleting a dangling symref' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/dangling-symref nowhere &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/dangling-symref &&
+	echo "Deleted branch dangling-symref (was nowhere)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d dangling-symref >actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/dangling-symref &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'deleting a self-referential symref' '
+	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/self-reference refs/heads/self-reference &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/self-reference &&
+	echo "Deleted branch self-reference (was refs/heads/self-reference)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d self-reference >actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/self-reference &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' '
 	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 refs/heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m master2 master3 &&
 	git symbolic-ref refs/heads/master2 &&
@@ -194,115 +316,241 @@ test_expect_success 'renaming a symref is not allowed' \
 	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/master3
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
-     git branch -l u &&
-     mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
-     ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
-     test_must_fail git branch -m u v
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my1 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my4 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, not matching)' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my5 local/master &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.remote)" = local &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my5.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch my3 local/master &&
-     test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
-     test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
-     git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
-     ! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master'
-
-test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
-     git branch my6 s &&
-     git config branch.automsetupmerge false &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' \
-    'git config remote.local.url . &&
-     git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
-     (git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
-     git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o'
-
-test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' \
-    'git branch -d my7 &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
-     test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' \
-    'git branch my7 s &&
-     sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
-     echo "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)." >expect &&
-     git branch -d my7 >actual 2>&1 &&
-     test_i18ncmp expect actual'
-
-test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' \
-    'git branch --track my8 &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
-     test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' \
-    'git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
-     git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
-     git config branch.autosetupmerge false'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' \
-    'test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'branch from tag w/--track causes failure' \
-    'git tag foobar &&
-     test_must_fail git branch --track my11 foobar'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git branch -m u v should fail when the reflog for u is a symlink' '
+	git branch -l u &&
+	mv .git/logs/refs/heads/u real-u &&
+	ln -s real-u .git/logs/refs/heads/u &&
+	test_must_fail git branch -m u v
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my1 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my1.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my1.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup (non-wildcard, matching)' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/local/master &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my4 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my4.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my4.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tracking setup fails on non-matching refspec' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/s:refs/remotes/local/s &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my5 local/master &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my5.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my5.merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via config' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch my3 local/master &&
+	test $(git config branch.my3.remote) = local &&
+	test $(git config branch.my3.merge) = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test overriding tracking setup via --no-track' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/master || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --no-track my2 local/master &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.my2.remote)" = local &&
+	! test "$(git config branch.my2.merge)" = refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no tracking without .fetch entries' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge true &&
+	git branch my6 s &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my6.remote)" &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my6.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test tracking setup via --track but deeper' '
+	git config remote.local.url . &&
+	git config remote.local.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/local/* &&
+	(git show-ref -q refs/remotes/local/o/o || git fetch local) &&
+	git branch --track my7 local/o/o &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" = local &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my7.merge)" = refs/heads/o/o
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch deletes branch config' '
+	git branch -d my7 &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my7.remote)" &&
+	test -z "$(git config branch.my7.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test deleting branch without config' '
+	git branch my7 s &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse my7 | cut -c 1-7) &&
+	echo "Deleted branch my7 (was $sha1)." >expect &&
+	git branch -d my7 >actual 2>&1 &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --track without .fetch entries' '
+	git branch --track my8 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my8.remote)" &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my8.merge)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from non-branch HEAD w/autosetupmerge=always' '
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
+	git branch my9 HEAD^ &&
+	git config branch.autosetupmerge false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from non-branch HEAD w/--track causes failure' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my10 HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch from tag w/--track causes failure' '
+	git tag foobar &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --track my11 foobar
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on multiple branches' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master a b c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^{} &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master &&
+	git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a missing dst branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to master does-not-exist
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a missing src branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to does-not-exist master
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to fails on a non-ref' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --set-upstream-to HEAD^{}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify HEAD' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
+	git branch my12 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to my12 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "." &&
+	test "$(git config branch.master.merge)" = "refs/heads/my12"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use --set-upstream-to modify a particular branch' '
+	git branch my13 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to master my13 &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my13.remote)" = "." &&
+	test "$(git config branch.my13.merge)" = "refs/heads/master"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail if given a non-existent branch' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream i-dont-exist
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on HEAD' '
+	git branch my14 &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote foo &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge foo &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to my14 &&
+	git branch --unset-upstream &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.master.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.master.merge &&
+	# fail for a branch without upstream set
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail on multiple branches' '
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream a b c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unset-upstream should fail on detached HEAD' '
+	git checkout HEAD^{} &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --unset-upstream &&
+	git checkout -
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --unset-upstream on a particular branch' '
+	git branch my15 &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to master my14 &&
+	git branch --unset-upstream my14 &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my14.remote &&
+	test_must_fail git config branch.my14.merge
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream shows message when creating a new branch that exists as remote-tracking' '
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master HEAD &&
+	git branch --set-upstream origin/master 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git update-ref -d refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -d origin/master &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
+
+If you wanted to make '"'master'"' track '"'origin/master'"', do this:
+
+    git branch -d origin/master
+    git branch --set-upstream-to origin/master
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream with two args only shows the deprecation message' '
+	git branch --set-upstream master my13 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream master &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream with one arg only shows the deprecation message if the branch existed' '
+	git branch --set-upstream my13 2>actual &&
+	test_when_finished git branch --unset-upstream my13 &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+The --set-upstream flag is deprecated and will be removed. Consider using --track or --set-upstream-to
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--set-upstream-to notices an error to set branch as own upstream' '
+	git branch --set-upstream-to refs/heads/my13 my13 2>actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	warning: Not setting branch my13 as its own upstream.
+	EOF
+	test_expect_code 1 git config branch.my13.remote &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git config branch.my13.merge &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
 
 # Keep this test last, as it changes the current branch
 cat >expect <<EOF
 $_z40 $HEAD $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> 1117150200 +0000	branch: Created from master
 EOF
-test_expect_success \
-    'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' \
-	'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
-     git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
-	 test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
-	 test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i'
+test_expect_success 'git checkout -b g/h/i -l should create a branch and a log' '
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-26 23:30" \
+	git checkout -b g/h/i -l master &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/logs/refs/heads/g/h/i
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout -b makes reflog by default' '
 	git checkout master &&
@@ -573,7 +821,7 @@ test_expect_success 'detect misconfigured autosetuprebase (bad value)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'detect misconfigured autosetuprebase (no value)' '
 	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase &&
-	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >> .git/config &&
+	echo "[branch] autosetuprebase" >>.git/config &&
 	test_must_fail git branch &&
 	git config --unset branch.autosetuprebase
 '
@@ -634,11 +882,7 @@ test_expect_success 'detect typo in branch name when using --edit-description' '
 	write_script editor <<-\EOF &&
 		echo "New contents" >"$1"
 	EOF
-	(
-		EDITOR=./editor &&
-		export EDITOR &&
-		test_must_fail git branch --edit-description no-such-branch
-	)
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=./editor git branch --edit-description no-such-branch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'refuse --edit-description on unborn branch for now' '
@@ -646,15 +890,46 @@ test_expect_success 'refuse --edit-description on unborn branch for now' '
 		echo "New contents" >"$1"
 	EOF
 	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
-	(
-		EDITOR=./editor &&
-		export EDITOR &&
-		test_must_fail git branch --edit-description
-	)
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=./editor git branch --edit-description
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--merged catches invalid object names' '
 	test_must_fail git branch --merged 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tracking with unexpected .fetch refspec' '
+	rm -rf a b c d &&
+	git init a &&
+	(
+		cd a &&
+		test_commit a
+	) &&
+	git init b &&
+	(
+		cd b &&
+		test_commit b
+	) &&
+	git init c &&
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		test_commit c &&
+		git remote add a ../a &&
+		git remote add b ../b &&
+		git fetch --all
+	) &&
+	git init d &&
+	(
+		cd d &&
+		git remote add c ../c &&
+		git config remote.c.fetch "+refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*" &&
+		git fetch c &&
+		git branch --track local/a/master remotes/a/master &&
+		test "$(git config branch.local/a/master.remote)" = "c" &&
+		test "$(git config branch.local/a/master.merge)" = "refs/remotes/a/master" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify a >expect &&
+		git rev-parse --verify local/a/master >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
index f86f4bc5eb..912a6635a8 100755
--- a/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
+++ b/t/t3201-branch-contains.sh
@@ -55,6 +55,16 @@ test_expect_success 'branch --contains=side' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --contains with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --contains=master master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --merged' '
 
 	git branch --merged >actual &&
@@ -66,6 +76,16 @@ test_expect_success 'side: branch --merged' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --merged with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --merged=side master >actual &&
+	{
+		echo "  master"
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'side: branch --no-merged' '
 
 	git branch --no-merged >actual &&
@@ -95,4 +115,48 @@ test_expect_success 'master: branch --no-merged' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'branch --no-merged with pattern implies --list' '
+
+	git branch --no-merged=master master >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'implicit --list conflicts with modification options' '
+
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -d &&
+	test_must_fail git branch --contains=master -m foo
+
+'
+
+# We want to set up a case where the walk for the tracking info
+# of one branch crosses the tip of another branch (and make sure
+# that the latter walk does not mess up our flag to see if it was
+# merged).
+#
+# Here "topic" tracks "master" with one extra commit, and "zzz" points to the
+# same tip as master The name "zzz" must come alphabetically after "topic"
+# as we process them in that order.
+test_expect_success 'branch --merged with --verbose' '
+	git branch --track topic master &&
+	git branch zzz topic &&
+	git checkout topic &&
+	test_commit foo &&
+	git branch --merged topic >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	  master
+	* topic
+	  zzz
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git branch --verbose --merged topic >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	  master c77a0a9 second on master
+	* topic  2c939f4 [ahead 1] foo
+	  zzz    c77a0a9 second on master
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh b/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh
index 0a5d5e669f..6adf47869c 100755
--- a/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh
+++ b/t/t3202-show-branch-octopus.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 		> file$i &&
 		git add file$i &&
 		test_tick &&
-		git commit -m branch$i || break
+		git commit -m branch$i || return 1
 	done
 
 '
diff --git a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
index 76fe7e0060..f51d0f3cad 100755
--- a/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
+++ b/t/t3203-branch-output.sh
@@ -94,16 +94,53 @@ test_expect_success 'git branch -v pattern does not show branch summaries' '
 	test_must_fail git branch -v branch*
 '
 
-cat >expect <<'EOF'
-* (no branch)
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (HEAD detached at $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^0))
   branch-one
   branch-two
   master
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git branch >actual &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly after moving' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (HEAD detached from $(git rev-parse --short HEAD))
+  branch-one
+  branch-two
+  master
+EOF
+	git reset --hard HEAD^1 &&
+	git branch >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly from tag' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (HEAD detached at fromtag)
+  branch-one
+  branch-two
+  master
+EOF
+	git tag fromtag master &&
+	git checkout fromtag &&
+	git branch >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git branch shows detached HEAD properly after moving from tag' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+* (HEAD detached from fromtag)
+  branch-one
+  branch-two
+  master
+EOF
+	git reset --hard HEAD^1 &&
+	git branch >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
index cd04361df8..aa9eb3a3e5 100755
--- a/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
+++ b/t/t3210-pack-refs.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ semantic is still the same.
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-echo '[core] logallrefupdates = true' >>.git/config
+test_expect_success 'enable reflogs' '
+	git config core.logallrefupdates true
+'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare a trivial repository' \
@@ -118,4 +120,71 @@ test_expect_success 'pack, prune and repack' '
 	test_cmp all-of-them again
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'explicit pack-refs with dangling packed reference' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "soon to be garbage-collected" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git pack-refs --all 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete ref with dangling packed version' '
+	git checkout -b lamb &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "future garbage" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git branch -d lamb 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete ref while another dangling packed ref' '
+	git branch lamb &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "future garbage" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=all --all &&
+	git prune --expire=all &&
+	git branch -d lamb 2>result &&
+	test_cmp /dev/null result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack ref directly below refs/' '
+	git update-ref refs/top HEAD &&
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	grep refs/top .git/packed-refs &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/top
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disable reflogs' '
+	git config core.logallrefupdates false &&
+	rm -rf .git/logs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create packed foo/bar/baz branch' '
+	git branch foo/bar/baz &&
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/refs/heads/foo/bar/baz &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/logs/refs/heads/foo/bar/baz
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notice d/f conflict with existing directory' '
+	test_must_fail git branch foo &&
+	test_must_fail git branch foo/bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'existing directory reports concrete ref' '
+	test_must_fail git branch foo 2>stderr &&
+	grep refs/heads/foo/bar/baz stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'notice d/f conflict with existing ref' '
+	test_must_fail git branch foo/bar/baz/extra &&
+	test_must_fail git branch foo/bar/baz/lots/of/extra/components
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh b/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3b7caca421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3211-peel-ref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tests for the peel_ref optimization of packed-refs'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create annotated tag in refs/tags' '
+	test_commit base &&
+	git tag -m annotated foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create annotated tag outside of refs/tags' '
+	git update-ref refs/outside/foo refs/tags/foo
+'
+
+# This matches show-ref's output
+print_ref() {
+	echo "$(git rev-parse "$1") $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'set up expected show-ref output' '
+	{
+		print_ref "refs/heads/master" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo^{}" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/base" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo^{}"
+	} >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (loose)' '
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (packed)' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create old-style pack-refs without fully-peeled' '
+	# Git no longer writes without fully-peeled, so we just write our own
+	# from scratch; we could also munge the existing file to remove the
+	# fully-peeled bits, but that seems even more prone to failure,
+	# especially if the format ever changes again. At least this way we
+	# know we are emulating exactly what an older git would have written.
+	{
+		echo "# pack-refs with: peeled " &&
+		print_ref "refs/heads/master" &&
+		print_ref "refs/outside/foo" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/base" &&
+		print_ref "refs/tags/foo" &&
+		echo "^$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/foo^{}")"
+	} >tmp &&
+	mv tmp .git/packed-refs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are peeled outside of refs/tags (old packed)' '
+	git show-ref -d >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'peeled refs survive deletion of packed ref' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	cp .git/packed-refs fully-peeled &&
+	git branch yadda &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git branch -d yadda &&
+	test_cmp fully-peeled .git/packed-refs
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
index 9f00ada5f7..9a146f1335 100755
--- a/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
+++ b/t/t3300-funny-names.sh
@@ -11,188 +11,206 @@ tree, index, and tree objects.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+HT='	'
+
+echo 2>/dev/null > "Name with an${HT}HT"
+if ! test -f "Name with an${HT}HT"
+then
+	# since FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames, skip this test
+	skip_all='Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
+	test_done
+fi
+
 p0='no-funny'
 p1='tabs	," (dq) and spaces'
 p2='just space'
 
-cat >"$p0" <<\EOF
-1. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
-2. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
-3. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >"$p0" <<-\EOF &&
+	1. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
+	2. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
+	3. A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy cat, oops dog.
+	EOF
 
-cat 2>/dev/null >"$p1" "$p0"
-echo 'Foo Bar Baz' >"$p2"
+	{ cat "$p0" >"$p1" || :; } &&
+	{ echo "Foo Bar Baz" >"$p2" || :; }
+'
 
-if test -f "$p1" && cmp "$p0" "$p1"
-then
-    test_set_prereq TABS_IN_FILENAMES
-else
-	# since FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames, skip this test
-	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
-fi
+test_expect_success 'setup: populate index and tree' '
+	git update-index --add "$p0" "$p2" &&
+	t0=$(git write-tree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ls-files prints space in filename verbatim' '
+	printf "%s\n" "just space" no-funny >expected &&
+	git ls-files >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' "
-echo 'just space
-no-funny' >expected
-"
+test_expect_success 'setup: add funny filename' '
+	git update-index --add "$p1" &&
+	t1=$(git write-tree)
+'
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git ls-files no-funny' \
-	'git update-index --add "$p0" "$p2" &&
+test_expect_success 'ls-files quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	just space
+	no-funny
+	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
 	git ls-files >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-t0=`git write-tree` &&
-echo "$t0" >t0 &&
+test_expect_success 'ls-files -z does not quote funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	just space
+	no-funny
+	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
+	EOF
+	git ls-files -z >ls-files.z &&
+	perl -pe "y/\000/\012/" <ls-files.z >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-just space
-no-funny
-"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'ls-tree quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	just space
+	no-funny
+	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git ls-tree -r $t1 >ls-tree &&
+	sed -e "s/^[^	]*	//" <ls-tree >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git ls-files with-funny' \
-	'git update-index --add "$p1" &&
-	git ls-files >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' "
-echo 'just space
-no-funny
-tabs	,\" (dq) and spaces' >expected
-"
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git ls-files -z with-funny' \
-	'git ls-files -z | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-t1=`git write-tree` &&
-echo "$t1" >t1 &&
-
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-just space
-no-funny
-"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git ls-tree with funny' \
-	'git ls-tree -r $t1 | sed -e "s/^[^	]*	//" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-A	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-index with-funny' \
-	'git diff-index --name-status $t0 >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree with-funny' \
-	'git diff-tree --name-status $t0 $t1 >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' "
-echo 'A
-tabs	,\" (dq) and spaces' >expected
-"
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-index -z with-funny' \
-	'git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree -z with-funny' \
-	'git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 | perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-CNUM	no-funny	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree -C with-funny' \
-	'git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder --name-status \
-		$t0 $t1 | sed -e 's/^C[0-9]*/CNUM/' >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-RNUM	no-funny	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree delete with-funny' \
-	'git update-index --force-remove "$p0" &&
-	git diff-index -M --name-status \
-		$t0 | sed -e 's/^R[0-9]*/RNUM/' >current &&
-	test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-diff --git a/no-funny "b/tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-similarity index NUM%
-rename from no-funny
-rename to "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree delete with-funny' \
-	'git diff-index -M -p $t0 |
-	 sed -e "s/index [0-9]*%/index NUM%/" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-chmod +x "$p1" &&
-cat > expected <<\EOF
-diff --git a/no-funny "b/tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-old mode 100644
-new mode 100755
-similarity index NUM%
-rename from no-funny
-rename to "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree delete with-funny' \
-	'git diff-index -M -p $t0 |
-	 sed -e "s/index [0-9]*%/index NUM%/" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat >expected <<\EOF
- "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
- 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree rename with-funny applied' \
-	'git diff-index -M -p $t0 |
-	 git apply --stat | sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expect' '
-cat > expected <<\EOF
- no-funny
- "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
- 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
-EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff-tree delete with-funny applied' \
-	'git diff-index -p $t0 |
-	 git apply --stat | sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
-
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git apply non-git diff' \
-	'git diff-index -p $t0 |
-	 sed -ne "/^[-+@]/p" |
-	 git apply --stat | sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
+test_expect_success 'diff-index --name-status quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	A	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index --name-status $t0 >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --name-status quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	A	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-tree --name-status $t0 $t1 >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index -z does not quote funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	A
+	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -z --name-status $t0 >diff-index.z &&
+	perl -pe "y/\000/\012/" <diff-index.z >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree -z does not quote funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	A
+	tabs	," (dq) and spaces
+	EOF
+	git diff-tree -z --name-status $t0 $t1 >diff-tree.z &&
+	perl -pe y/\\000/\\012/ <diff-tree.z >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --find-copies-harder quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	CNUM	no-funny	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder --name-status $t0 $t1 >out &&
+	sed -e "s/^C[0-9]*/CNUM/" <out >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: remove unfunny index entry' '
+	git update-index --force-remove "$p0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree -M quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	RNUM	no-funny	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -M --name-status $t0 >out &&
+	sed -e "s/^R[0-9]*/RNUM/" <out >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index -M -p quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/no-funny "b/tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	similarity index NUM%
+	rename from no-funny
+	rename to "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -M -p $t0 >diff &&
+	sed -e "s/index [0-9]*%/index NUM%/" <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: mode change' '
+	chmod +x "$p1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-index -M -p with mode change quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/no-funny "b/tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	old mode 100644
+	new mode 100755
+	similarity index NUM%
+	rename from no-funny
+	rename to "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -M -p $t0 >diff &&
+	sed -e "s/index [0-9]*%/index NUM%/" <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diffstat for rename quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	 "tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -M -p $t0 >diff &&
+	git apply --stat <diff >diffstat &&
+	sed -e "s/|.*//" -e "s/ *\$//" <diffstat >current &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'numstat for rename quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	0	0	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -M -p $t0 >diff &&
+	git apply --numstat <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'numstat without -M quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	0	3	no-funny
+	3	0	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -p $t0 >diff &&
+	git apply --numstat <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'numstat for non-git rename diff quotes funny filename' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	0	3	no-funny
+	3	0	"tabs\t,\" (dq) and spaces"
+	EOF
+	git diff-index -p $t0 >git-diff &&
+	sed -ne "/^[-+@]/p" <git-diff >diff &&
+	git apply --numstat <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3301-notes.sh b/t/t3301-notes.sh
index 16de05aff9..8cffd35fb0 100755
--- a/t/t3301-notes.sh
+++ b/t/t3301-notes.sh
@@ -7,47 +7,35 @@ test_description='Test commit notes'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-cat > fake_editor.sh << \EOF
-#!/bin/sh
-echo "$MSG" > "$1"
-echo "$MSG" >& 2
+write_script fake_editor <<\EOF
+echo "$MSG" >"$1"
+echo "$MSG" >&2
 EOF
-chmod a+x fake_editor.sh
-GIT_EDITOR=./fake_editor.sh
+GIT_EDITOR=./fake_editor
 export GIT_EDITOR
 
+indent="    "
+
 test_expect_success 'cannot annotate non-existing HEAD' '
-	(MSG=3 && export MSG && test_must_fail git notes add)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=3 git notes add
 '
 
-test_expect_success setup '
-	: > a1 &&
-	git add a1 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 1st &&
-	: > a2 &&
-	git add a2 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 2nd
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit 1st &&
+	test_commit 2nd
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'need valid notes ref' '
-	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ && export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes add) &&
-	(MSG=2 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ && export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes show)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ git notes show &&
+	test_must_fail env MSG=2 GIT_NOTES_REF=/ git notes show
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'refusing to add notes in refs/heads/' '
-	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/heads/bogus &&
-	 export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes add)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/heads/bogus git notes add
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'refusing to edit notes in refs/remotes/' '
-	(MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/remotes/bogus &&
-	 export MSG GIT_NOTES_REF &&
-	 test_must_fail git notes edit)
+	test_must_fail env MSG=1 GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/heads/bogus git notes edit
 '
 
 # 1 indicates caught gracefully by die, 128 means git-show barked
@@ -56,206 +44,186 @@ test_expect_success 'handle empty notes gracefully' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'show non-existent notes entry with %N' '
-	for l in A B
-	do
-		echo "$l"
-	done >expect &&
-	git show -s --format='A%n%NB' >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_write_lines A B >expect &&
+	git show -s --format="A%n%NB" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create notes' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits &&
 	MSG=b4 git notes add &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b4 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b4" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'show notes entry with %N' '
-	for l in A b4 B
-	do
-		echo "$l"
-	done >expect &&
-	git show -s --format='A%n%NB' >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_write_lines A b4 B >expect &&
+	git show -s --format="A%n%NB" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-d423f8c refs/notes/commits@{0}: notes: Notes added by 'git notes add'
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'create reflog entry' '
-	git reflog show refs/notes/commits >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		a1d8fa6 refs/notes/commits@{0}: notes: Notes added by '\''git notes add'\''
+	EOF
+	git reflog show refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'edit existing notes' '
 	MSG=b3 git notes edit &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b3 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b3" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cannot "git notes add -m" where notes already exists' '
 	test_must_fail git notes add -m "b2" &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b3 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b3" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'can overwrite existing note with "git notes add -f -m"' '
 	git notes add -f -m "b1" &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b1 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b1" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add w/no options on existing note morphs into edit' '
 	MSG=b2 git notes add &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b2 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b2" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'can overwrite existing note with "git notes add -f"' '
 	MSG=b1 git notes add -f &&
-	test ! -f .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
-	test 1 = $(git ls-tree refs/notes/commits | wc -l) &&
-	test b1 = $(git notes show) &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/NOTES_EDITMSG &&
+	git ls-tree -r refs/notes/commits >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual &&
+	test "b1" = "$(git notes show)" &&
 	git show HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 268048bfb8a1fb38e703baceb8ab235421bf80c5
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
-
-    2nd
+test_expect_success 'show notes' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7a4ca6ee52a974a66cbaa78e33214535dff1d691
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes:
-    b1
-EOF
+		${indent}2nd
 
-test_expect_success 'show notes' '
+		Notes:
+		${indent}b1
+	EOF
 	! (git cat-file commit HEAD | grep b1) &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create multi-line notes (setup)' '
-	: > a3 &&
-	git add a3 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 3rd &&
-	MSG="b3
-c3c3c3c3
-d3d3d3" git notes add
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-multiline << EOF
-commit 1584215f1d29c65e99c6c6848626553fdd07fd75
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
-
-    3rd
+test_expect_success 'show multi-line notes' '
+	test_commit 3rd &&
+	MSG="b3${LF}c3c3c3c3${LF}d3d3d3" git notes add &&
+	cat >expect-multiline <<-EOF &&
+		commit d07d62e5208f22eb5695e7eb47667dc8b9860290
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes:
-    b3
-    c3c3c3c3
-    d3d3d3
-EOF
+		${indent}3rd
 
-printf "\n" >> expect-multiline
-cat expect >> expect-multiline
+		Notes:
+		${indent}b3
+		${indent}c3c3c3c3
+		${indent}d3d3d3
 
-test_expect_success 'show multi-line notes' '
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-multiline output
-'
-test_expect_success 'create -F notes (setup)' '
-	: > a4 &&
-	git add a4 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 4th &&
-	echo "xyzzy" > note5 &&
-	git notes add -F note5
+	EOF
+	cat expect >>expect-multiline &&
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-multiline actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-F << EOF
-commit 15023535574ded8b1a89052b32673f84cf9582b8
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
+test_expect_success 'show -F notes' '
+	test_commit 4th &&
+	echo "xyzzy" >note5 &&
+	git notes add -F note5 &&
+	cat >expect-F <<-EOF &&
+		commit 0f7aa3ec6325aeb88b910453bb3eb37c49d75c11
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
 
-    4th
+		${indent}4th
 
-Notes:
-    xyzzy
-EOF
+		Notes:
+		${indent}xyzzy
 
-printf "\n" >> expect-F
-cat expect-multiline >> expect-F
-
-test_expect_success 'show -F notes' '
-	git log -3 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-F output
+	EOF
+	cat expect-multiline >>expect-F &&
+	git log -3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-F actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Re-adding -F notes without -f fails' '
-	echo "zyxxy" > note5 &&
+	echo "zyxxy" >note5 &&
 	test_must_fail git notes add -F note5 &&
-	git log -3 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-F output
+	git log -3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-F actual
 '
 
-cat >expect << EOF
-commit 15023535574ded8b1a89052b32673f84cf9582b8
-tree e070e3af51011e47b183c33adf9736736a525709
-parent 1584215f1d29c65e99c6c6848626553fdd07fd75
-author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912173 -0700
-committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912173 -0700
-
-    4th
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'git log --pretty=raw does not show notes' '
-	git log -1 --pretty=raw >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 0f7aa3ec6325aeb88b910453bb3eb37c49d75c11
+		tree 05ac65288c4c4b3b709a020ae94b2ece2f2201ae
+		parent d07d62e5208f22eb5695e7eb47667dc8b9860290
+		author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912173 -0700
+		committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912173 -0700
+
+		${indent}4th
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >>expect <<EOF
-
-Notes:
-    xyzzy
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'git log --show-notes' '
-	git log -1 --pretty=raw --show-notes >output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat >>expect <<-EOF &&
+
+	Notes:
+	${indent}xyzzy
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=raw --show-notes >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --no-notes' '
-	git log -1 --no-notes >output &&
-	! grep xyzzy output
+	git log -1 --no-notes >actual &&
+	! grep xyzzy actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git format-patch does not show notes' '
-	git format-patch -1 --stdout >output &&
-	! grep xyzzy output
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout >actual &&
+	! grep xyzzy actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git format-patch --show-notes does show notes' '
-	git format-patch --show-notes -1 --stdout >output &&
-	grep xyzzy output
+	git format-patch --show-notes -1 --stdout >actual &&
+	grep xyzzy actual
 '
 
 for pretty in \
@@ -267,8 +235,8 @@ do
 	?*) p="$pretty" not=" not" negate="!" ;;
 	esac
 	test_expect_success "git show $pretty does$not show notes" '
-		git show $p >output &&
-		eval "$negate grep xyzzy output"
+		git show $p >actual &&
+		eval "$negate grep xyzzy actual"
 	'
 done
 
@@ -277,161 +245,131 @@ test_expect_success 'setup alternate notes ref' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --notes shows default notes' '
-	git log -1 --notes >output &&
-	grep xyzzy output &&
-	! grep alternate output
+	git log -1 --notes >actual &&
+	grep xyzzy actual &&
+	! grep alternate actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --notes=X shows only X' '
-	git log -1 --notes=alternate >output &&
-	! grep xyzzy output &&
-	grep alternate output
+	git log -1 --notes=alternate >actual &&
+	! grep xyzzy actual &&
+	grep alternate actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --notes --notes=X shows both' '
-	git log -1 --notes --notes=alternate >output &&
-	grep xyzzy output &&
-	grep alternate output
+	git log -1 --notes --notes=alternate >actual &&
+	grep xyzzy actual &&
+	grep alternate actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --no-notes resets default state' '
 	git log -1 --notes --notes=alternate \
 		--no-notes --notes=alternate \
-		>output &&
-	! grep xyzzy output &&
-	grep alternate output
+		>actual &&
+	! grep xyzzy actual &&
+	grep alternate actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git log --no-notes resets ref list' '
 	git log -1 --notes --notes=alternate \
 		--no-notes --notes \
-		>output &&
-	grep xyzzy output &&
-	! grep alternate output
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create -m notes (setup)' '
-	: > a5 &&
-	git add a5 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 5th &&
-	git notes add -m spam -m "foo
-bar
-baz"
-'
-
-whitespace="    "
-cat > expect-m << EOF
-commit bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
-
-    5th
-
-Notes:
-    spam
-$whitespace
-    foo
-    bar
-    baz
-EOF
-
-printf "\n" >> expect-m
-cat expect-F >> expect-m
-
-test_expect_success 'show -m notes' '
-	git log -4 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-m output
+		>actual &&
+	grep xyzzy actual &&
+	! grep alternate actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remove note with add -f -F /dev/null (setup)' '
-	git notes add -f -F /dev/null
-'
-
-cat > expect-rm-F << EOF
-commit bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
-
-    5th
-EOF
-
-printf "\n" >> expect-rm-F
-cat expect-F >> expect-rm-F
-
-test_expect_success 'verify note removal with -F /dev/null' '
-	git log -4 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-rm-F output &&
+test_expect_success 'show -m notes' '
+	test_commit 5th &&
+	git notes add -m spam -m "foo${LF}bar${LF}baz" &&
+	cat >expect-m <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}5th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}spam
+		${indent}
+		${indent}foo
+		${indent}bar
+		${indent}baz
+
+	EOF
+	cat expect-F >>expect-m &&
+	git log -4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-m actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remove note with add -f -F /dev/null' '
+	git notes add -f -F /dev/null &&
+	cat >expect-rm-F <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}5th
+
+	EOF
+	cat expect-F >>expect-rm-F &&
+	git log -4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-rm-F actual &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'do not create empty note with -m "" (setup)' '
-	git notes add -m ""
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'verify non-creation of note with -m ""' '
-	git log -4 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-rm-F output &&
+test_expect_success 'do not create empty note with -m ""' '
+	git notes add -m "" &&
+	git log -4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-rm-F actual &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show
 '
 
-cat > expect-combine_m_and_F << EOF
-foo
-
-xyzzy
+test_expect_success 'create note with combination of -m and -F' '
+	cat >expect-combine_m_and_F <<-EOF &&
+		foo
 
-bar
+		xyzzy
 
-zyxxy
+		bar
 
-baz
-EOF
+		zyxxy
 
-test_expect_success 'create note with combination of -m and -F' '
-	echo "xyzzy" > note_a &&
-	echo "zyxxy" > note_b &&
+		baz
+	EOF
+	echo "xyzzy" >note_a &&
+	echo "zyxxy" >note_b &&
 	git notes add -m "foo" -F note_a -m "bar" -F note_b -m "baz" &&
-	git notes show > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-combine_m_and_F output
+	git notes show >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-combine_m_and_F actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remove note with "git notes remove" (setup)' '
+test_expect_success 'remove note with "git notes remove"' '
 	git notes remove HEAD^ &&
-	git notes remove
-'
-
-cat > expect-rm-remove << EOF
-commit bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
+	git notes remove &&
+	cat >expect-rm-remove <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
 
-    5th
+		${indent}5th
 
-commit 15023535574ded8b1a89052b32673f84cf9582b8
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
+		commit 0f7aa3ec6325aeb88b910453bb3eb37c49d75c11
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
 
-    4th
-EOF
-
-printf "\n" >> expect-rm-remove
-cat expect-multiline >> expect-rm-remove
+		${indent}4th
 
-test_expect_success 'verify note removal with "git notes remove"' '
-	git log -4 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-rm-remove output &&
+	EOF
+	cat expect-multiline >>expect-rm-remove &&
+	git log -4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-rm-remove actual &&
 	test_must_fail git notes show HEAD^
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3 1584215f1d29c65e99c6c6848626553fdd07fd75
-c9c6af7f78bc47490dbf3e822cf2f3c24d4b9061 268048bfb8a1fb38e703baceb8ab235421bf80c5
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'removing non-existing note should not create new commit' '
-	git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/commits > before_commit &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/commits >before_commit &&
 	test_must_fail git notes remove HEAD^ &&
-	git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/commits > after_commit &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/notes/commits >after_commit &&
 	test_cmp before_commit after_commit
 '
 
@@ -511,70 +449,68 @@ test_expect_success 'removing with --stdin --ignore-missing' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'list notes with "git notes list"' '
-	git notes list > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		c9c6af7f78bc47490dbf3e822cf2f3c24d4b9061 7a4ca6ee52a974a66cbaa78e33214535dff1d691
+		c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3 d07d62e5208f22eb5695e7eb47667dc8b9860290
+	EOF
+	git notes list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'list notes with "git notes"' '
-	git notes > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git notes >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'list specific note with "git notes list <object>"' '
-	git notes list HEAD^^ > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3
+	EOF
+	git notes list HEAD^^ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'listing non-existing notes fails' '
-	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-Initial set of notes
-
-More notes appended with git notes append
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'append to existing note with "git notes append"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		Initial set of notes
+
+		More notes appended with git notes append
+	EOF
 	git notes add -m "Initial set of notes" &&
 	git notes append -m "More notes appended with git notes append" &&
-	git notes show > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git notes show >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect_list << EOF
-c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3 1584215f1d29c65e99c6c6848626553fdd07fd75
-c9c6af7f78bc47490dbf3e822cf2f3c24d4b9061 268048bfb8a1fb38e703baceb8ab235421bf80c5
-4b6ad22357cc8a1296720574b8d2fbc22fab0671 bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success '"git notes list" does not expand to "git notes list HEAD"' '
-	git notes list > output &&
-	test_cmp expect_list output
+	cat >expect_list <<-EOF &&
+		c9c6af7f78bc47490dbf3e822cf2f3c24d4b9061 7a4ca6ee52a974a66cbaa78e33214535dff1d691
+		4b6ad22357cc8a1296720574b8d2fbc22fab0671 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		c18dc024e14f08d18d14eea0d747ff692d66d6a3 d07d62e5208f22eb5695e7eb47667dc8b9860290
+	EOF
+	git notes list >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_list actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'appending empty string does not change existing note' '
 	git notes append -m "" &&
-	git notes show > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git notes show >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes append == add when there is no existing note' '
 	git notes remove HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD &&
-	git notes append -m "Initial set of notes
-
-More notes appended with git notes append" &&
-	git notes show > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git notes append -m "Initial set of notes${LF}${LF}More notes appended with git notes append" &&
+	git notes show >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'appending empty string to non-existing note does not create note' '
@@ -585,617 +521,600 @@ test_expect_success 'appending empty string to non-existing note does not create
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create other note on a different notes ref (setup)' '
-	: > a6 &&
-	git add a6 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 6th &&
-	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/other" git notes add -m "other note"
-'
+	test_commit 6th &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/other" git notes add -m "other note" &&
+	cat >expect-not-other <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2c125331118caba0ff8238b7f4958ac6e93fe39c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
 
-cat > expect-other << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
-
-    6th
-
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-EOF
+		${indent}6th
+	EOF
+	cp expect-not-other expect-other &&
+	cat >>expect-other <<-EOF
 
-cat > expect-not-other << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
-
-    6th
-EOF
+		Notes (other):
+		${indent}other note
+	EOF
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'Do not show note on other ref by default' '
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-not-other output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-not-other actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Do show note when ref is given in GIT_NOTES_REF' '
-	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/other" git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-other output
+	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/other" git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-other actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Do show note when ref is given in core.notesRef config' '
-	git config core.notesRef "refs/notes/other" &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-other output
+	test_config core.notesRef "refs/notes/other" &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-other actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Do not show note when core.notesRef is overridden' '
-	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/wrong" git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-not-other output
+	test_config core.notesRef "refs/notes/other" &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF="refs/notes/wrong" git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-not-other actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-both << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
-
-    6th
+test_expect_success 'Show all notes when notes.displayRef=refs/notes/*' '
+	cat >expect-both <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2c125331118caba0ff8238b7f4958ac6e93fe39c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes:
-    order test
+		${indent}6th
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
+		Notes:
+		${indent}order test
 
-commit bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
+		Notes (other):
+		${indent}other note
 
-    5th
+		commit 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes:
-    replacement for deleted note
-EOF
+		${indent}5th
 
-test_expect_success 'Show all notes when notes.displayRef=refs/notes/*' '
+		Notes:
+		${indent}replacement for deleted note
+	EOF
 	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/commits git notes add \
 		-m"replacement for deleted note" HEAD^ &&
 	GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/commits git notes add -m"order test" &&
-	git config --unset core.notesRef &&
-	git config notes.displayRef "refs/notes/*" &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+	test_unconfig core.notesRef &&
+	test_config notes.displayRef "refs/notes/*" &&
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'core.notesRef is implicitly in notes.displayRef' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits &&
-	git config notes.displayRef refs/notes/other &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+	test_config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits &&
+	test_config notes.displayRef refs/notes/other &&
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'notes.displayRef can be given more than once' '
-	git config --unset core.notesRef &&
-	git config notes.displayRef refs/notes/commits &&
+	test_unconfig core.notesRef &&
+	test_config notes.displayRef refs/notes/commits &&
 	git config --add notes.displayRef refs/notes/other &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-both-reversed << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
-
-    6th
+test_expect_success 'notes.displayRef respects order' '
+	cat >expect-both-reversed <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2c125331118caba0ff8238b7f4958ac6e93fe39c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
+		${indent}6th
 
-Notes:
-    order test
-EOF
+		Notes (other):
+		${indent}other note
 
-test_expect_success 'notes.displayRef respects order' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/other &&
-	git config --unset-all notes.displayRef &&
-	git config notes.displayRef refs/notes/commits &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both-reversed output
+		Notes:
+		${indent}order test
+	EOF
+	test_config core.notesRef refs/notes/other &&
+	test_config notes.displayRef refs/notes/commits &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both-reversed actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF works' '
-	git config --unset-all core.notesRef &&
-	git config --unset-all notes.displayRef &&
 	GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF=refs/notes/commits:refs/notes/other \
-		git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+		git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-none << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
-
-    6th
+test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF overrides config' '
+	cat >expect-none <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2c125331118caba0ff8238b7f4958ac6e93fe39c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
 
-commit bd1753200303d0a0344be813e504253b3d98e74d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
+		${indent}6th
 
-    5th
-EOF
+		commit 7f9ad8836c775acb134c0a055fc55fb4cd1ba361
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:17:13 2005 -0700
 
-test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF overrides config' '
-	git config notes.displayRef "refs/notes/*" &&
-	GIT_NOTES_REF= GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF= git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-none output
+		${indent}5th
+	EOF
+	test_config notes.displayRef "refs/notes/*" &&
+	GIT_NOTES_REF= GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF= git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-none actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--show-notes=* adds to GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF' '
-	GIT_NOTES_REF= GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF= git log --show-notes=* -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+	GIT_NOTES_REF= GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF= git log --show-notes=* -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
-cat > expect-commits << EOF
-commit 387a89921c73d7ed72cd94d179c1c7048ca47756
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
-
-    6th
+test_expect_success '--no-standard-notes' '
+	cat >expect-commits <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2c125331118caba0ff8238b7f4958ac6e93fe39c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:18:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes:
-    order test
-EOF
+		${indent}6th
 
-test_expect_success '--no-standard-notes' '
-	git log --no-standard-notes --show-notes=commits -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-commits output
+		Notes:
+		${indent}order test
+	EOF
+	git log --no-standard-notes --show-notes=commits -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-commits actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--standard-notes' '
+	test_config notes.displayRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	git log --no-standard-notes --show-notes=commits \
-		--standard-notes -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both output
+		--standard-notes -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--show-notes=ref accumulates' '
 	git log --show-notes=other --show-notes=commits \
-		 --no-standard-notes -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect-both-reversed output
+		 --no-standard-notes -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect-both-reversed actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Allow notes on non-commits (trees, blobs, tags)' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/other &&
-	echo "Note on a tree" > expect &&
+	test_config core.notesRef refs/notes/other &&
+	echo "Note on a tree" >expect &&
 	git notes add -m "Note on a tree" HEAD: &&
-	git notes show HEAD: > actual &&
+	git notes show HEAD: >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	echo "Note on a blob" > expect &&
+	echo "Note on a blob" >expect &&
 	filename=$(git ls-tree --name-only HEAD | head -n1) &&
 	git notes add -m "Note on a blob" HEAD:$filename &&
-	git notes show HEAD:$filename > actual &&
+	git notes show HEAD:$filename >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	echo "Note on a tag" > expect &&
+	echo "Note on a tag" >expect &&
 	git tag -a -m "This is an annotated tag" foobar HEAD^ &&
 	git notes add -m "Note on a tag" foobar &&
-	git notes show foobar > actual &&
+	git notes show foobar >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 2ede89468182a62d0bde2583c736089bcf7d7e92
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:19:13 2005 -0700
-
-    7th
+test_expect_success 'create note from other note with "git notes add -C"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit fb01e0ca8c33b6cc0c6451dde747f97df567cb5c
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:19:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-EOF
+		${indent}7th
 
-test_expect_success 'create note from other note with "git notes add -C"' '
-	: > a7 &&
-	git add a7 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 7th &&
+		Notes:
+		${indent}order test
+	EOF
+	test_commit 7th &&
 	git notes add -C $(git notes list HEAD^) &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$(git notes list HEAD^)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create note from non-existing note with "git notes add -C" fails' '
-	: > a8 &&
-	git add a8 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 8th &&
+	test_commit 8th &&
 	test_must_fail git notes add -C deadbeef &&
 	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 016e982bad97eacdbda0fcbd7ce5b0ba87c81f1b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:21:13 2005 -0700
+test_expect_success 'create note from non-blob with "git notes add -C" fails' '
+	commit=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	tree=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:) &&
+	test_must_fail git notes add -C $commit &&
+	test_must_fail git notes add -C $tree &&
+	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD
+'
 
-    9th
+test_expect_success 'create note from blob with "git notes add -C" reuses blob id' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 9a4c31c7f722b5d517e92c64e932dd751e1413bf
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:20:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    yet another note
-EOF
+		${indent}8th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}This is a blob object
+	EOF
+	blob=$(echo "This is a blob object" | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	git notes add -C $blob &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$blob"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'create note from other note with "git notes add -c"' '
-	: > a9 &&
-	git add a9 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 9th &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2e0db4bc649e174d667a1cde19e725cf897a5bd2
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:21:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}9th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
+	test_commit 9th &&
 	MSG="yet another note" git notes add -c $(git notes list HEAD^^) &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'create note from non-existing note with "git notes add -c" fails' '
-	: > a10 &&
-	git add a10 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 10th &&
-	(
-		MSG="yet another note" &&
-		export MSG &&
-		test_must_fail git notes add -c deadbeef
-	) &&
+	test_commit 10th &&
+	test_must_fail env MSG="yet another note" git notes add -c deadbeef &&
 	test_must_fail git notes list HEAD
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 016e982bad97eacdbda0fcbd7ce5b0ba87c81f1b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:21:13 2005 -0700
-
-    9th
-
-Notes (other):
-    yet another note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'append to note from other note with "git notes append -C"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 2e0db4bc649e174d667a1cde19e725cf897a5bd2
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:21:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}9th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}yet another note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
 	git notes append -C $(git notes list HEAD^) HEAD^ &&
-	git log -1 HEAD^ > actual &&
+	git log -1 HEAD^ >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit ffed603236bfa3891c49644257a83598afe8ae5a
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:22:13 2005 -0700
+test_expect_success 'create note from other note with "git notes append -c"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7c3b87ab368f81e11b1ea87b2ab99a71ccd25406
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:22:13 2005 -0700
 
-    10th
+		${indent}10th
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'create note from other note with "git notes append -c"' '
+		Notes:
+		${indent}other note
+	EOF
 	MSG="other note" git notes append -c $(git notes list HEAD^) &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit ffed603236bfa3891c49644257a83598afe8ae5a
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:22:13 2005 -0700
-
-    10th
-
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'append to note from other note with "git notes append -c"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 7c3b87ab368f81e11b1ea87b2ab99a71ccd25406
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:22:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}10th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}other note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
 	MSG="yet another note" git notes append -c $(git notes list HEAD) &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 6352c5e33dbcab725fe0579be16aa2ba8eb369be
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:23:13 2005 -0700
-
-    11th
-
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'copy note with "git notes copy"' '
-	: > a11 &&
-	git add a11 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 11th &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit a446fff8777efdc6eb8f4b7c8a5ff699484df0d5
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:23:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}11th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}other note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
+	test_commit 11th &&
 	git notes copy HEAD^ HEAD &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$(git notes list HEAD^)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prevent overwrite with "git notes copy"' '
 	test_must_fail git notes copy HEAD~2 HEAD &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$(git notes list HEAD^)"
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 6352c5e33dbcab725fe0579be16aa2ba8eb369be
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:23:13 2005 -0700
-
-    11th
-
-Notes (other):
-    yet another note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'allow overwrite with "git notes copy -f"' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit a446fff8777efdc6eb8f4b7c8a5ff699484df0d5
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:23:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}11th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}yet another note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
 	git notes copy -f HEAD~2 HEAD &&
-	git log -1 > actual &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$(git notes list HEAD~2)"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cannot copy note from object without notes' '
-	: > a12 &&
-	git add a12 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 12th &&
-	: > a13 &&
-	git add a13 &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m 13th &&
+	test_commit 12th &&
+	test_commit 13th &&
 	test_must_fail git notes copy HEAD^ HEAD
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit e5d4fb5698d564ab8c73551538ecaf2b0c666185
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:25:13 2005 -0700
-
-    13th
+test_expect_success 'git notes copy --stdin' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit e871aa61182b1d95d0a6fb75445d891722863b6b
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:25:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    yet another note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
+		${indent}13th
 
-commit 7038787dfe22a14c3867ce816dbba39845359719
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:24:13 2005 -0700
+		Notes:
+		${indent}yet another note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
 
-    12th
+		commit 65e263ded02ae4e8839bc151095113737579dc12
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:24:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
+		${indent}12th
 
-test_expect_success 'git notes copy --stdin' '
+		Notes:
+		${indent}other note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
 	(echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~3) $(git rev-parse HEAD^); \
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~2) $(git rev-parse HEAD)) |
 	git notes copy --stdin &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output &&
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD)" = "$(git notes list HEAD~2)" &&
 	test "$(git notes list HEAD^)" = "$(git notes list HEAD~3)"
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
+test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (unconfigured)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
 
-commit be28d8b4d9951ad940d229ee3b0b9ee3b1ec273d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:26:13 2005 -0700
+		${indent}15th
 
-    14th
-EOF
+		commit 07c85d77059393ed0154b8c96906547a59dfcddd
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:26:13 2005 -0700
 
-test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (unconfigured)' '
+		${indent}14th
+	EOF
 	test_commit 14th &&
 	test_commit 15th &&
 	(echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~3) $(git rev-parse HEAD^); \
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~2) $(git rev-parse HEAD)) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
-
-Notes (other):
-    yet another note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-
-commit be28d8b4d9951ad940d229ee3b0b9ee3b1ec273d
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:26:13 2005 -0700
-
-    14th
-
-Notes (other):
-    other note
-$whitespace
-    yet another note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (enabled)' '
-	git config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
-	git config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}15th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}yet another note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+
+		commit 07c85d77059393ed0154b8c96906547a59dfcddd
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:26:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}14th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}other note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}yet another note
+	EOF
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	(echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~3) $(git rev-parse HEAD^); \
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~2) $(git rev-parse HEAD)) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (disabled)' '
-	git config notes.rewrite.bar false &&
+	test_config notes.rewrite.bar false &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD~3) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=bar &&
-	git log -2 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
+test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (overwrite)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
 
-Notes (other):
-    a fresh note
-EOF
+		${indent}15th
 
-test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (overwrite)' '
+		Notes:
+		${indent}a fresh note
+	EOF
 	git notes add -f -m"a fresh note" HEAD^ &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (ignore)' '
-	git config notes.rewriteMode ignore &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode ignore &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
-
-Notes (other):
-    a fresh note
-$whitespace
-    another fresh note
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (append)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}15th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}a fresh note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}another fresh note
+	EOF
 	git notes add -f -m"another fresh note" HEAD^ &&
-	git config notes.rewriteMode concatenate &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode concatenate &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
-
-Notes (other):
-    a fresh note
-$whitespace
-    another fresh note
-$whitespace
-    append 1
-$whitespace
-    append 2
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (append two to one)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}15th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}a fresh note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}another fresh note
+		${indent}
+		${indent}append 1
+		${indent}
+		${indent}append 2
+	EOF
 	git notes add -f -m"append 1" HEAD^ &&
 	git notes add -f -m"append 2" HEAD^^ &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode concatenate &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	(echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD);
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) $(git rev-parse HEAD)) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy --for-rewrite (append empty)' '
 	git notes remove HEAD^ &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode concatenate &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
-
-    15th
-
-Notes (other):
-    replacement note 1
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE works' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
+
+		${indent}15th
+
+		Notes:
+		${indent}replacement note 1
+	EOF
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode concatenate &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef "refs/notes/*" &&
 	git notes add -f -m"replacement note 1" HEAD^ &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE=overwrite git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-commit 37a0d4cba38afef96ba54a3ea567e6dac575700b
-Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
-Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
+test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF works' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		commit 4acf42e847e7fffbbf89ee365c20ac7caf40de89
+		Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+		Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:27:13 2005 -0700
 
-    15th
+		${indent}15th
 
-Notes (other):
-    replacement note 2
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF works' '
-	git config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
+		Notes:
+		${indent}replacement note 2
+	EOF
 	git notes add -f -m"replacement note 2" HEAD^ &&
-	git config --unset-all notes.rewriteRef &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
+	test_unconfig notes.rewriteRef &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF=refs/notes/commits:refs/notes/other \
 		git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF overrides config' '
-	git config notes.rewriteRef refs/notes/other &&
 	git notes add -f -m"replacement note 3" HEAD^ &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteMode overwrite &&
+	test_config notes.rewriteRef refs/notes/other &&
 	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD^) $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
 	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF= git notes copy --for-rewrite=foo &&
-	git log -1 > output &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes copy diagnoses too many or too few parameters' '
@@ -1204,13 +1123,13 @@ test_expect_success 'git notes copy diagnoses too many or too few parameters' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref (no overrides)' '
-	git config --unset core.notesRef &&
+	test_unconfig core.notesRef &&
 	sane_unset GIT_NOTES_REF &&
 	test "$(git notes get-ref)" = "refs/notes/commits"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref (core.notesRef)' '
-	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/foo &&
+	test_config core.notesRef refs/notes/foo &&
 	test "$(git notes get-ref)" = "refs/notes/foo"
 '
 
@@ -1222,4 +1141,51 @@ test_expect_success 'git notes get-ref (--ref)' '
 	test "$(GIT_NOTES_REF=refs/notes/bar git notes --ref=baz get-ref)" = "refs/notes/baz"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup testing of empty notes' '
+	test_unconfig core.notesRef &&
+	test_commit 16th &&
+	empty_blob=$(git hash-object -w /dev/null) &&
+	echo "$empty_blob" >expect_empty
+'
+
+while read cmd
+do
+	test_expect_success "'git notes $cmd' removes empty note" "
+		test_might_fail git notes remove HEAD &&
+		MSG= git notes $cmd &&
+		test_must_fail git notes list HEAD
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success "'git notes $cmd --allow-empty' stores empty note" "
+		test_might_fail git notes remove HEAD &&
+		MSG= git notes $cmd --allow-empty &&
+		git notes list HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_empty actual
+	"
+done <<\EOF
+add
+add -F /dev/null
+add -m ""
+add -c "$empty_blob"
+add -C "$empty_blob"
+append
+append -F /dev/null
+append -m ""
+append -c "$empty_blob"
+append -C "$empty_blob"
+edit
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'empty notes are displayed by git log' '
+	test_commit 17th &&
+	git log -1 >expect &&
+	cat >>expect <<-EOF &&
+
+		Notes:
+	EOF
+	git notes add -C "$empty_blob" --allow-empty &&
+	git log -1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh b/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
index e35d7811ac..7217c5e222 100755
--- a/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
+++ b/t/t3302-notes-index-expensive.sh
@@ -7,53 +7,49 @@ test_description='Test commit notes index (expensive!)'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_set_prereq NOT_EXPENSIVE
-test -n "$GIT_NOTES_TIMING_TESTS" && test_set_prereq EXPENSIVE
-test -x /usr/bin/time && test_set_prereq USR_BIN_TIME
-
 create_repo () {
 	number_of_commits=$1
 	nr=0
 	test -d .git || {
 	git init &&
 	(
-		while [ $nr -lt $number_of_commits ]; do
+		while test $nr -lt $number_of_commits
+		do
 			nr=$(($nr+1))
 			mark=$(($nr+$nr))
 			notemark=$(($mark+1))
 			test_tick &&
-			cat <<INPUT_END &&
-commit refs/heads/master
-mark :$mark
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-commit #$nr
-COMMIT
-
-M 644 inline file
-data <<EOF
-file in commit #$nr
-EOF
-
-blob
-mark :$notemark
-data <<EOF
-note for commit #$nr
-EOF
-
-INPUT_END
-
-			echo "N :$notemark :$mark" >> note_commit
+			cat <<-INPUT_END &&
+			commit refs/heads/master
+			mark :$mark
+			committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+			data <<COMMIT
+			commit #$nr
+			COMMIT
+
+			M 644 inline file
+			data <<EOF
+			file in commit #$nr
+			EOF
+
+			blob
+			mark :$notemark
+			data <<EOF
+			note for commit #$nr
+			EOF
+
+			INPUT_END
+			echo "N :$notemark :$mark" >>note_commit
 		done &&
 		test_tick &&
-		cat <<INPUT_END &&
-commit refs/notes/commits
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-notes
-COMMIT
+		cat <<-INPUT_END &&
+		commit refs/notes/commits
+		committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+		data <<COMMIT
+		notes
+		COMMIT
 
-INPUT_END
+		INPUT_END
 
 		cat note_commit
 	) |
@@ -65,62 +61,74 @@ INPUT_END
 test_notes () {
 	count=$1 &&
 	git config core.notesRef refs/notes/commits &&
-	git log | grep "^    " > output &&
+	git log | grep "^    " >output &&
 	i=$count &&
-	while [ $i -gt 0 ]; do
+	while test $i -gt 0
+	do
 		echo "    commit #$i" &&
 		echo "    note for commit #$i" &&
-		i=$(($i-1));
-	done > expect &&
+		i=$(($i-1))
+	done >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 }
 
-cat > time_notes << \EOF
+write_script time_notes <<\EOF
 	mode=$1
 	i=1
-	while [ $i -lt $2 ]; do
+	while test $i -lt $2
+	do
 		case $1 in
 		no-notes)
-			GIT_NOTES_REF=non-existing; export GIT_NOTES_REF
-		;;
+			GIT_NOTES_REF=non-existing
+			export GIT_NOTES_REF
+			;;
 		notes)
 			unset GIT_NOTES_REF
-		;;
+			;;
 		esac
-		git log >/dev/null
+		git log
 		i=$(($i+1))
-	done
+	done >/dev/null
 EOF
 
 time_notes () {
 	for mode in no-notes notes
 	do
 		echo $mode
-		/usr/bin/time "$SHELL_PATH" ../time_notes $mode $1
+		/usr/bin/time ../time_notes $mode $1
 	done
 }
 
 do_tests () {
-	pr=$1
-	count=$2
-
-	test_expect_success $pr 'setup / mkdir' '
-		mkdir $count &&
-		cd $count
+	count=$1 pr=${2-}
+
+	test_expect_success $pr "setup $count" '
+		mkdir "$count" &&
+		(
+			cd "$count" &&
+			create_repo "$count"
+		)
 	'
 
-	test_expect_success $pr "setup $count" "create_repo $count"
-
-	test_expect_success $pr 'notes work' "test_notes $count"
-
-	test_expect_success USR_BIN_TIME,$pr 'notes timing with /usr/bin/time' "time_notes 100"
+	test_expect_success $pr 'notes work' '
+		(
+			cd "$count" &&
+			test_notes "$count"
+		)
+	'
 
-	test_expect_success $pr 'teardown / cd ..' 'cd ..'
+	test_expect_success "USR_BIN_TIME${pr:+,$pr}" 'notes timing with /usr/bin/time' '
+		(
+			cd "$count" &&
+			time_notes 100
+		)
+	'
 }
 
-do_tests NOT_EXPENSIVE 10
-for count in 100 1000 10000; do
-	do_tests EXPENSIVE $count
+do_tests 10
+for count in 100 1000 10000
+do
+	do_tests "$count" EXPENSIVE
 done
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh b/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh
index b1ea64b213..54460beec4 100755
--- a/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh
+++ b/t/t3305-notes-fanout.sh
@@ -51,15 +51,12 @@ test_expect_success 'deleting most notes with git-notes' '
 	num_notes=250 &&
 	i=0 &&
 	git rev-list HEAD |
-	while read sha1
+	while test $i -lt $num_notes && read sha1
 	do
 		i=$(($i + 1)) &&
-		if test $i -gt $num_notes
-		then
-			break
-		fi &&
 		test_tick &&
-		git notes remove "$sha1"
+		git notes remove "$sha1" ||
+		exit 1
 	done
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh b/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh
index 4367197953..195bb97f85 100755
--- a/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh
+++ b/t/t3310-notes-merge-manual-resolve.sh
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ y and z notes on 4th commit
 EOF
 	git notes merge --commit &&
 	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
-	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_might_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
 	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
 	# Merge commit has pre-merge y and pre-merge z as parents
 	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m^1)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)" &&
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ test_expect_success 'redo merge of z into m (== y) with default ("manual") resol
 test_expect_success 'abort notes merge' '
 	git notes merge --abort &&
 	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
-	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_might_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
 	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
 	# m has not moved (still == y)
 	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)" &&
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ EOF
 	# Finalize merge
 	git notes merge --commit &&
 	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
-	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_might_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
 	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
 	# Merge commit has pre-merge y and pre-merge z as parents
 	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m^1)" = "$(cat pre_merge_y)" &&
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'resolve situation by aborting the notes merge' '
 	git notes merge --abort &&
 	# No .git/NOTES_MERGE_* files left
-	test_must_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_might_fail ls .git/NOTES_MERGE_* >output 2>/dev/null &&
 	test_cmp /dev/null output &&
 	# m has not moved (still == w)
 	test "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/m)" = "$(git rev-parse refs/notes/w)" &&
@@ -553,4 +553,23 @@ test_expect_success 'resolve situation by aborting the notes merge' '
 	verify_notes z
 '
 
+cat >expect_notes <<EOF
+foo
+bar
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'switch cwd before committing notes merge' '
+	git notes add -m foo HEAD &&
+	git notes --ref=other add -m bar HEAD &&
+	test_must_fail git notes merge refs/notes/other &&
+	(
+		cd .git/NOTES_MERGE_WORKTREE &&
+		echo "foo" > $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		echo "bar" >> $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git notes merge --commit
+	) &&
+	git notes show HEAD > actual_notes &&
+	test_cmp expect_notes actual_notes
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3400-rebase.sh b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
index e647272a01..47b5682662 100755
--- a/t/t3400-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t3400-rebase.sh
@@ -40,13 +40,6 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare repository with topic branches' '
 	echo Side >>C &&
 	git add C &&
 	git commit -m "Add C" &&
-	git checkout -b nonlinear my-topic-branch &&
-	echo Edit >>B &&
-	git add B &&
-	git commit -m "Modify B" &&
-	git merge side &&
-	git checkout -b upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
-	git merge master &&
 	git checkout -f my-topic-branch &&
 	git tag topic
 '
@@ -66,26 +59,15 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase against master' '
 	git rebase master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
-	git rebase master >out &&
-	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
-	git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
-	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date, rebase forced" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
-	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
-	git rebase master my-topic-branch >out &&
-	grep "Current branch my-topic-branch is up to date" out
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
-	git checkout my-topic-branch^ &&
-	git rebase my-topic-branch >out &&
-	grep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to my-topic-branch" out
+test_expect_success 'rebase, with <onto> and <upstream> specified as :/quuxery' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -D torebase" &&
+	git checkout -b torebase my-topic-branch^ &&
+	upstream=$(git rev-parse ":/Add B") &&
+	onto=$(git rev-parse ":/Add A") &&
+	git rebase --onto $onto $upstream &&
+	git reset --hard my-topic-branch^ &&
+	git rebase --onto ":/Add A" ":/Add B" &&
+	git checkout my-topic-branch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'the rebase operation should not have destroyed author information' '
@@ -101,29 +83,31 @@ test_expect_success 'HEAD was detached during rebase' '
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD@{1}) != $(git rev-parse my-topic-branch@{1})
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase after merge master' '
-	git reset --hard topic &&
-	git merge master &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	! (git show | grep "^Merge:")
+test_expect_success 'rebase from ambiguous branch name' '
+	git checkout -b topic side &&
+	git rebase master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges is linearized' '
-	git checkout nonlinear &&
-	test 4 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
-'
+test_expect_success 'rebase off of the previous branch using "-"' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git rebase @{-1} >expect.messages &&
+	git merge-base master HEAD >expect.forkpoint &&
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase of history with merges after upstream merge is linearized' '
-	git checkout upstream-merged-nonlinear &&
-	test 5 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
-	git rebase master &&
-	test 3 = $(git rev-list master.. | wc -l)
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git rebase - >actual.messages &&
+	git merge-base master HEAD >actual.forkpoint &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.forkpoint actual.forkpoint &&
+	# the next one is dubious---we may want to say "-",
+	# instead of @{-1}, in the message
+	test_i18ncmp expect.messages actual.messages
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase a single mode change' '
 	git checkout master &&
+	git branch -D topic &&
 	echo 1 >X &&
 	git add X &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -138,8 +122,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase a single mode change' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase is not broken by diff.renames' '
-	git config diff.renames copies &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.renames" &&
+	test_config diff.renames copies &&
 	git checkout filemove &&
 	GIT_TRACE=1 git rebase force-3way
 '
@@ -160,28 +143,59 @@ rm -f B
 
 test_expect_success 'fail when upstream arg is missing and not on branch' '
 	git checkout topic &&
-	test_must_fail git rebase >output.out &&
-	grep "You are not currently on a branch" output.out
+	test_must_fail git rebase
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fail when upstream arg is missing and not configured' '
 	git checkout -b no-config topic &&
-	test_must_fail git rebase >output.out &&
-	grep "branch.no-config.merge" output.out
+	test_must_fail git rebase
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'default to @{upstream} when upstream arg is missing' '
+test_expect_success 'default to common base in @{upstream}s reflog if no upstream arg' '
+	git checkout -b default-base master &&
 	git checkout -b default topic &&
 	git config branch.default.remote . &&
-	git config branch.default.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	git config branch.default.merge refs/heads/default-base &&
+	git rebase &&
+	git rev-parse --verify default-base >expect &&
+	git rev-parse default~1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git checkout default-base &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git checkout default &&
+	git rebase &&
+	git rev-parse --verify default-base >expect &&
+	git rev-parse default~1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-picked commits and fork-point work together' '
+	git checkout default-base &&
+	echo Amended >A &&
+	git commit -a --no-edit --amend &&
+	test_commit B B &&
+	test_commit new_B B "New B" &&
+	test_commit C C &&
+	git checkout default &&
+	git reset --hard default-base@{4} &&
+	test_commit D D &&
+	git cherry-pick -2 default-base^ &&
+	test_commit final_B B "Final B" &&
 	git rebase &&
-	test "$(git rev-parse default~1)" = "$(git rev-parse master)"
+	echo Amended >expect &&
+	test_cmp A expect &&
+	echo "Final B" >expect &&
+	test_cmp B expect &&
+	echo C >expect &&
+	test_cmp C expect &&
+	echo D >expect &&
+	test_cmp D expect
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -q is quiet' '
 	git checkout -b quiet topic &&
 	git rebase -q master >output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Rebase a commit that sprinkles CRs in' '
diff --git a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh b/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 7ba17974c5..0000000000
--- a/t/t3401-rebase-partial.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2006 Yann Dirson, based on t3400 by Amos Waterland
-#
-
-test_description='git rebase should detect patches integrated upstream
-
-This test cherry-picks one local change of two into master branch, and
-checks that git rebase succeeds with only the second patch in the
-local branch.
-'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-test_expect_success 'prepare repository with topic branch' '
-	test_commit A &&
-	git checkout -b my-topic-branch &&
-	test_commit B &&
-	test_commit C &&
-	git checkout -f master &&
-	test_commit A2 A.t
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pick top patch from topic branch into master' '
-	git cherry-pick C &&
-	git checkout -f my-topic-branch
-'
-
-test_debug '
-	git cherry master &&
-	git format-patch -k --stdout --full-index master >/dev/null &&
-	gitk --all & sleep 1
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase topic branch against new master and check git am did not get halted' '
-	git rebase master &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'rebase --merge topic branch that was partially merged upstream' '
-	git reset --hard C &&
-	git rebase --merge master &&
-	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-merge
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh b/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
index be8c1d5ef9..5a27ec9b5e 100755
--- a/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t3402-rebase-merge.sh
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	tr "[a-z]" "[A-Z]" <original >newfile &&
 	git add newfile &&
 	git commit -a -m"side edits further." &&
+	git branch second-side &&
 
 	tr "[a-m]" "[A-M]" <original >newfile &&
 	rm -f original &&
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git branch test-rebase side &&
 	git branch test-rebase-pick side &&
 	git branch test-reference-pick side &&
+	git branch test-conflicts side &&
 	git checkout -b test-merge side
 '
 
@@ -138,4 +140,17 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -s funny -Xopt' '
 	test -f funny.was.run
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase --skip works with two conflicts in a row' '
+	git checkout second-side  &&
+	tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]" <newfile >tmp &&
+	mv tmp newfile &&
+	git commit -a -m"edit conflicting with side" &&
+	tr "[d-f]" "[D-F]" <newfile >tmp &&
+	mv tmp newfile &&
+	git commit -a -m"another edit conflicting with side" &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --merge test-conflicts &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --skip &&
+	git rebase --skip
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh b/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
index 826500bd18..3968020e64 100755
--- a/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
+++ b/t/t3403-rebase-skip.sh
@@ -64,10 +64,11 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase with --merge' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --skip with --merge' '
 	git rebase --skip
-	'
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'merge and reference trees equal' \
-	'test -z "`git diff-tree skip-merge skip-reference`"'
+test_expect_success 'merge and reference trees equal' '
+	test -z "`git diff-tree skip-merge skip-reference`"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'moved back to branch correctly' '
 	test refs/heads/skip-merge = $(git symbolic-ref HEAD)
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index b981572d73..eed76cca55 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -29,14 +29,6 @@ Initial setup:
 
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
-set_fake_editor
-
 # WARNING: Modifications to the initial repository can change the SHA ID used
 # in the expect2 file for the 'stop on conflicting pick' test.
 
@@ -75,9 +67,18 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 SHELL=
 export SHELL
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase --keep-empty' '
+	git checkout -b emptybranch master &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "empty" &&
+	git rebase --keep-empty -i HEAD~2 &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 6 actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	(
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_>touch-one
 		2 exec_>touch-two exec_false exec_>touch-three
 		3 4 exec_>\"touch-file__name_with_spaces\";_>touch-after-semicolon 5" &&
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command runs from tree root' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	mkdir subdir && (cd subdir &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 exec_>touch-subdir" \
 		git rebase -i HEAD^
 	) &&
@@ -108,18 +110,25 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command runs from tree root' '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i with the exec command checks tree cleanness' '
 	git checkout master &&
-	(
-	FAKE_LINES="exec_echo_foo_>file1 1" &&
-	export FAKE_LINES &&
-	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="exec_echo_foo_>file1 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	test_cmp_rev master^ HEAD &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git rebase --continue
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i with exec of inexistent command' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="exec_this-command-does-not-exist 1" \
+	git rebase -i HEAD^ >actual 2>&1 &&
+	! grep "Maybe git-rebase is broken" actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'no changes are a nop' '
 	git checkout branch2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i F &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch2" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
@@ -129,6 +138,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test the [branch] option' '
 	git checkout -b dead-end &&
 	git rm file6 &&
 	git commit -m "stop here" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i F branch2 &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch2" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse I) = $(git rev-parse branch2) &&
@@ -137,6 +147,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test the [branch] option' '
 
 test_expect_success 'test --onto <branch>' '
 	git checkout -b test-onto branch2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --onto branch1 F &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/test-onto" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse branch1) &&
@@ -146,6 +157,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test --onto <branch>' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase on top of a non-conflicting commit' '
 	git checkout branch1 &&
 	git tag original-branch1 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i branch2 &&
 	test file6 = $(git diff --name-only original-branch1) &&
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" = "refs/heads/branch1" &&
@@ -158,6 +170,7 @@ test_expect_success 'reflog for the branch shows state before rebase' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'exchange two commits' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
 	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
@@ -183,6 +196,7 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'stop on conflicting pick' '
 	git tag new-branch1 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD~3)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
 	test_cmp expect .git/rebase-merge/patch &&
@@ -203,6 +217,7 @@ test_expect_success 'abort' '
 test_expect_success 'abort with error when new base cannot be checked out' '
 	git rm --cached file1 &&
 	git commit -m "remove file in base" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i master > output 2>&1 &&
 	grep "The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout:" \
 		output &&
@@ -217,6 +232,7 @@ test_expect_success 'retain authorship' '
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Twerp Snog" git commit -m "different author" &&
 	git tag twerp &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --onto master HEAD^ &&
 	git show HEAD | grep "^Author: Twerp Snog"
 '
@@ -227,6 +243,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash' '
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Nitfol" git commit -m "nitfol" file7 &&
 	echo "******************************" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
 		git rebase -i --onto master HEAD~2 &&
 	test B = $(cat file7) &&
@@ -239,6 +256,7 @@ test_expect_success 'retain authorship when squashing' '
 
 test_expect_success '-p handles "no changes" gracefully' '
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i -p HEAD^ &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
@@ -247,6 +265,8 @@ test_expect_success '-p handles "no changes" gracefully' '
 '
 
 test_expect_failure 'exchange two commits with -p' '
+	git checkout H &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i -p HEAD~2 &&
 	test H = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
 	test G = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
@@ -281,6 +301,7 @@ test_expect_success 'preserve merges with -p' '
 	git commit -m M file1 &&
 	git checkout -b to-be-rebased &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i -p --onto branch1 master &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet &&
@@ -295,6 +316,7 @@ test_expect_success 'preserve merges with -p' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'edit ancestor with -p' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit 3 4" git rebase -i -p HEAD~3 &&
 	echo 2 > unrelated-file &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -308,6 +330,7 @@ test_expect_success 'edit ancestor with -p' '
 
 test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit' '
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
 	echo resolved > file1 &&
 	git add file1 &&
@@ -319,15 +342,17 @@ test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit' '
 test_expect_success 'verbose flag is heeded, even after --continue' '
 	git reset --hard master@{1} &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase -v -i --onto new-branch1 HEAD^ &&
 	echo resolved > file1 &&
 	git add file1 &&
 	git rebase --continue > output &&
-	grep "^ file1 |    2 +-$" output
+	grep "^ file1 | 2 +-$" output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'multi-squash only fires up editor once' '
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2 squash 3 squash 4" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -338,6 +363,7 @@ test_expect_success 'multi-squash only fires up editor once' '
 test_expect_success 'multi-fixup does not fire up editor' '
 	git checkout -b multi-fixup E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="NEVER" FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2 fixup 3 fixup 4" \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
 	test $base = $(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
@@ -349,11 +375,8 @@ test_expect_success 'multi-fixup does not fire up editor' '
 test_expect_success 'commit message used after conflict' '
 	git checkout -b conflict-fixup conflict-branch &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i $base
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4" git rebase -i $base &&
 	echo three > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
@@ -367,11 +390,8 @@ test_expect_success 'commit message used after conflict' '
 test_expect_success 'commit message retained after conflict' '
 	git checkout -b conflict-squash conflict-branch &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 squash 4" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i $base
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 squash 4" git rebase -i $base &&
 	echo three > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="TWICE" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
@@ -393,6 +413,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'squash and fixup generate correct log messages' '
 	git checkout -b squash-fixup E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2 squash 3 fixup 4" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -405,6 +426,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash and fixup generate correct log messages' '
 test_expect_success 'squash ignores comments' '
 	git checkout -b skip-comments E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="# 1 # squash 2 # squash 3 # squash 4 #" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -417,6 +439,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash ignores comments' '
 test_expect_success 'squash ignores blank lines' '
 	git checkout -b skip-blank-lines E &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD~4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_COMMIT_AMEND="ONCE" FAKE_LINES="> 1 > squash 2 > squash 3 > squash 4 >" \
 		EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=4 \
 		git rebase -i $base &&
@@ -429,6 +452,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash ignores blank lines' '
 test_expect_success 'squash works as expected' '
 	git checkout -b squash-works no-conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" EXPECT_HEADER_COUNT=2 \
 		git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
@@ -437,11 +461,8 @@ test_expect_success 'squash works as expected' '
 test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected' '
 	git checkout -b interrupted-squash conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~3
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 squash 3 2" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	(echo one; echo two; echo four) > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
@@ -454,11 +475,8 @@ test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected' '
 test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected (case 2)' '
 	git checkout -b interrupted-squash2 conflict-branch &&
 	one=$(git rev-parse HEAD~3) &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="3 squash 1 2" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~3
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="3 squash 1 2" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
 	(echo one; echo four) > conflict &&
 	git add conflict &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --continue &&
@@ -471,21 +489,14 @@ test_expect_success 'interrupted squash works as expected (case 2)' '
 	test $one = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ignore patch if in upstream' '
-	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
-	git checkout -b has-cherry-picked HEAD^ &&
+test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 	echo unrelated > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "unrelated change" &&
-	git cherry-pick $HEAD &&
-	EXPECT_COUNT=1 git rebase -i $HEAD &&
-	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD^)
-'
-
-test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 	parent=$(git rev-parse HEAD^) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo edited > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
@@ -498,20 +509,18 @@ test_expect_success '--continue tries to commit, even for "edit"' '
 test_expect_success 'aborted --continue does not squash commits after "edit"' '
 	old=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
-	(
-		FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE=" " &&
-		export FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase --continue
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE=" " git rebase --continue &&
 	test $old = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git rebase --abort
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'auto-amend only edited commits after "edit"' '
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="edit 1" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
@@ -519,22 +528,15 @@ test_expect_success 'auto-amend only edited commits after "edit"' '
 	echo "and again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	(
-		FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="and again" &&
-		export FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase --continue
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="and again" git rebase --continue &&
 	git rebase --abort
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clean error after failed "exec"' '
 	test_tick &&
 	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort || :" &&
-	(
-		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_false" &&
-		export FAKE_LINES &&
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD^
-	) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="1 exec_false" git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
 	echo "edited again" > file7 &&
 	git add file7 &&
 	test_must_fail git rebase --continue 2>error &&
@@ -545,6 +547,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase a detached HEAD' '
 	grandparent=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	git checkout $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
 	test $grandparent = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2)
 '
@@ -561,6 +564,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase a commit violating pre-commit' '
 	test_must_fail git commit -m doesnt-verify file1 &&
 	git commit -m doesnt-verify --no-verify file1 &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES=2 git rebase -i HEAD~2
 
 '
@@ -582,6 +586,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase with a file named HEAD in worktree' '
 		git commit -m "Add body"
 	) &&
 
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2" git rebase -i to-be-rebased &&
 	test "$(git show -s --pretty=format:%an)" = "Squashed Away"
 
@@ -593,6 +598,7 @@ test_expect_success 'do "noop" when there is nothing to cherry-pick' '
 	GIT_EDITOR=: git commit --amend \
 		--author="Somebody else <somebody@else.com>" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse branch3) != $(git rev-parse branch4) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i branch3 &&
 	test $(git rev-parse branch3) = $(git rev-parse branch4)
 
@@ -617,18 +623,53 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule rebase setup' '
 		git commit -a -m "submodule second"
 	) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git commit -a -m "Three changes submodule"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule rebase -i' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 squash 2 3" git rebase -i A
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule conflict setup' '
+	git tag submodule-base &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	(
+		cd sub && git checkout HEAD^ && echo 4 >elif &&
+		git add elif && git commit -m "submodule conflict"
+	) &&
+	git add sub &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "Conflict in submodule" &&
+	git tag submodule-topic
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i continue with only submodule staged' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i submodule-base &&
+	git add sub &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test $(git rev-parse submodule-base) != $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i continue with unstaged submodule' '
+	git checkout submodule-topic &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i submodule-base &&
+	git reset &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test $(git rev-parse submodule-base) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'avoid unnecessary reset' '
 	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
 	test-chmtime =123456789 file3 &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i HEAD~4 &&
 	test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	MTIME=$(test-chmtime -v +0 file3 | sed 's/[^0-9].*$//') &&
@@ -637,6 +678,7 @@ test_expect_success 'avoid unnecessary reset' '
 
 test_expect_success 'reword' '
 	git checkout -b reword-branch master &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 reword 4" FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="E changed" git rebase -i A &&
 	git show HEAD | grep "E changed" &&
 	test $(git rev-parse master) != $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
@@ -656,7 +698,8 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i can copy notes' '
 	test_commit n2 &&
 	test_commit n3 &&
 	git notes add -m"a note" n3 &&
-	git rebase --onto n1 n2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --onto n1 n2 &&
 	test "a note" = "$(git notes show HEAD)"
 '
 
@@ -669,6 +712,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'rebase -i can copy notes over a fixup' '
 	git reset --hard n3 &&
 	git notes add -m"an earlier note" n2 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE=concatenate FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i n1 &&
 	git notes show > output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
@@ -678,6 +722,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase while detaching HEAD' '
 	git symbolic-ref HEAD &&
 	grandparent=$(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i HEAD~2 HEAD^0 &&
 	test $grandparent = $(git rev-parse HEAD~2) &&
 	test_must_fail git symbolic-ref HEAD
@@ -687,6 +732,7 @@ test_tick # Ensure that the rebased commits get a different timestamp.
 test_expect_success 'always cherry-pick with --no-ff' '
 	git checkout no-ff-branch &&
 	git tag original-no-ff-branch &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	git rebase -i --no-ff A &&
 	touch empty &&
 	for p in 0 1 2
@@ -719,9 +765,294 @@ test_expect_success 'set up commits with funny messages' '
 test_expect_success 'rebase-i history with funny messages' '
 	git rev-list A..funny >expect &&
 	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
 	FAKE_LINES="1 2 3 4" git rebase -i A &&
 	git rev-list A.. >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase -i --exec' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout -b execute &&
+	test_commit one_exec main.txt one_exec &&
+	test_commit two_exec main.txt two_exec &&
+	test_commit three_exec main.txt three_exec
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -i --exec git show HEAD"' '
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'running "git rebase --exec git show HEAD -i"' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase --exec "git show HEAD" -i HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'running "git rebase -ix git show HEAD"' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -ix "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several <CMD>' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -ix "git show HEAD; pwd" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD;_pwd 2 exec_git_show_HEAD;_pwd" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,9d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with several instances of --exec' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" --exec "pwd" HEAD~2 >actual &&
+	(
+		FAKE_LINES="1 exec_git_show_HEAD exec_pwd 2
+				exec_git_show_HEAD exec_pwd" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~2 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,11d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -ix with --autosquash' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	git checkout -b autosquash &&
+	echo second >second.txt &&
+	git add second.txt &&
+	git commit -m "fixup! two_exec" &&
+	echo bis >bis.txt &&
+	git add bis.txt &&
+	git commit -m "fixup! two_exec" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	(
+		git checkout -b autosquash_actual &&
+		git rebase -i --exec "git show HEAD" --autosquash HEAD~4 >actual
+	) &&
+	git checkout autosquash &&
+	(
+		git checkout -b autosquash_expected &&
+		FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 3 fixup 4 exec_git_show_HEAD 2 exec_git_show_HEAD" &&
+		export FAKE_LINES &&
+		git rebase -i HEAD~4 >expect
+	) &&
+	sed -e "1,13d" expect >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --exec without -i shows error message' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --exec "git show HEAD" HEAD~2 2>actual &&
+	echo "The --exec option must be used with the --interactive option" >expected &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --exec without <CMD>' '
+	git reset --hard execute &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i --exec 2>tmp &&
+	sed -e "1d" tmp >actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -h >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root re-order and drop commits' '
+	git checkout E &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="3 1 2 5" git rebase -i --root &&
+	test E = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test A = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test C = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test 0 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^^ | grep -c ^parent\ )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root retain root commit author and message' '
+	git checkout A &&
+	echo B >file7 &&
+	git add file7 &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Twerp Snog" git commit -m "different author" &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="2" git rebase -i --root &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -q "^author Twerp Snog" &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -q "^different author$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root temporary sentinel commit' '
+	git checkout B &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail env FAKE_LINES="2" git rebase -i --root &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep "^tree 4b825dc642cb" &&
+	git rebase --abort
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i --root fixup root commit' '
+	git checkout B &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 fixup 2" git rebase -i --root &&
+	test A = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test B = $(git show HEAD:file1) &&
+	test 0 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | grep -c ^parent\ )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo does not works on non-interactive rebase' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout conflict-branch &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD~2 HEAD~ &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --edit-todo &&
+	git rebase --abort
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase --edit-todo can be used to modify todo' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout no-conflict-branch^0 &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 2 3" git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase --edit-todo &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	test M = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p) &&
+	test L = $(git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i produces readable reflog' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git branch -f branch-reflog-test H &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	git rebase -i --onto I F branch-reflog-test &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	rebase -i (start): checkout I
+	rebase -i (pick): G
+	rebase -i (pick): H
+	rebase -i (finish): returning to refs/heads/branch-reflog-test
+	EOF
+	tail -n 4 .git/logs/HEAD |
+	sed -e "s/.*	//" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i respects core.commentchar' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout E^0 &&
+	test_config core.commentchar "\\" &&
+	write_script remove-all-but-first.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	sed -e "2,\$s/^/\\\\/" "$1" >"$1.tmp" &&
+	mv "$1.tmp" "$1"
+	EOF
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/remove-all-but-first.sh" &&
+	git rebase -i B &&
+	test B = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | sed -ne \$p)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i, with <onto> and <upstream> specified as :/quuxery' '
+	test_when_finished "git branch -D torebase" &&
+	git checkout -b torebase branch1 &&
+	upstream=$(git rev-parse ":/J") &&
+	onto=$(git rev-parse ":/A") &&
+	git rebase --onto $onto $upstream &&
+	git reset --hard branch1 &&
+	git rebase --onto ":/A" ":/J" &&
+	git checkout branch1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i with --strategy and -X' '
+	git checkout -b conflict-merge-use-theirs conflict-branch &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	echo five >conflict &&
+	echo Z >file1 &&
+	git commit -a -m "one file conflict" &&
+	EDITOR=true git rebase -i --strategy=recursive -Xours conflict-branch &&
+	test $(git show conflict-branch:conflict) = $(cat conflict) &&
+	test $(cat file1) = Z
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase -i error on commits with \ in message' '
+	current_head=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort; git reset --hard $current_head; rm -f error" &&
+	test_commit TO-REMOVE will-conflict old-content &&
+	test_commit "\temp" will-conflict new-content dummy &&
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=true git rebase -i HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ 2>error &&
+	test_expect_code 1 grep  "	emp" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 setup' '
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout --orphan collide &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	(
+	unset test_tick &&
+	test_commit collide1 collide &&
+	test_commit --notick collide2 collide &&
+	test_commit --notick collide3 collide
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 collide' '
+	test_when_finished "reset_rebase && git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout collide &&
+	(
+	unset test_tick &&
+	test_tick &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	FAKE_COMMIT_MESSAGE="collide2 ac4f2ee" \
+	FAKE_LINES="reword 1 2" git rebase -i HEAD~2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'respect core.abbrev' '
+	git config core.abbrev 12 &&
+	set_cat_todo_editor &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i HEAD~4 >todo-list &&
+	test 4 = $(grep -c "pick [0-9a-f]\{12,\}" todo-list)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'todo count' '
+	write_script dump-raw.sh <<-\EOF &&
+		cat "$1"
+	EOF
+	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/dump-raw.sh" &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~4 >actual &&
+	grep "^# Rebase ..* onto ..* ([0-9]" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh b/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
index e5ad67c643..ff8c360cd5 100755
--- a/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
+++ b/t/t3405-rebase-malformed.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='rebase should not insist on git message convention'
+test_description='rebase should handle arbitrary git message'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ It has two paragraphs, but its first paragraph is not friendly
 to oneline summary format.
 EOF
 
+cat >G <<\EOF
+commit log message containing a diff
+EOF
+
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 
 	>file1 &&
@@ -19,8 +24,9 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git add file1 file2 &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+	git branch diff-in-message &&
 
-	git checkout -b side &&
+	git checkout -b multi-line-subject &&
 	cat F >file2 &&
 	git add file2 &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -28,6 +34,17 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >F0 &&
 
+	git checkout diff-in-message &&
+	echo "commit log message containing a diff" >G &&
+	echo "" >>G &&
+	cat G >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git diff --cached >>G &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -F G &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >G0 &&
+
 	git checkout master &&
 
 	echo One >file1 &&
@@ -36,13 +53,20 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git commit -m "Second commit"
 '
 
-test_expect_success rebase '
+test_expect_success 'rebase commit with multi-line subject' '
 
-	git rebase master side &&
+	git rebase master multi-line-subject &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >F1 &&
 
 	test_cmp F0 F1 &&
 	test_cmp F F0
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase commit with diff in message' '
+	git rebase master diff-in-message &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >G1 &&
+	test_cmp G0 G1 &&
+	test_cmp G G0
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
index fe5f936988..0392e36d23 100755
--- a/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
+++ b/t/t3406-rebase-message.sh
@@ -4,27 +4,17 @@ test_description='messages from rebase operation'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-quick_one () {
-	echo "$1" >"file$1" &&
-	git add "file$1" &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "$1"
-}
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit O fileO &&
+	test_commit X fileX &&
+	test_commit A fileA &&
+	test_commit B fileB &&
+	test_commit Y fileY &&
 
-test_expect_success setup '
-	quick_one O &&
-	git branch topic &&
-	quick_one X &&
-	quick_one A &&
-	quick_one B &&
-	quick_one Y &&
-
-	git checkout topic &&
-	quick_one A &&
-	quick_one B &&
-	quick_one Z &&
+	git checkout -b topic O &&
+	git cherry-pick A B &&
+	test_commit Z fileZ &&
 	git tag start
-
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
@@ -34,12 +24,32 @@ Committed: 0003 Z
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase -m' '
-
 	git rebase -m master >report &&
 	sed -n -e "/^Already applied: /p" \
 		-e "/^Committed: /p" report >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice' '
+	git rebase master >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date" out
+'
 
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice with --force' '
+	git rebase --force-rebase master >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date, rebase forced" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase against master twice from another branch' '
+	git checkout topic^ &&
+	git rebase master topic >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Current branch topic is up to date" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rebase fast-forward to master' '
+	git checkout topic^ &&
+	git rebase topic >out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Fast-forwarded HEAD to topic" out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --stat' '
@@ -62,4 +72,16 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -n overrides config rebase.stat config' '
         ! grep "^ fileX |  *1 +$" diffstat.txt
 '
 
+# Output to stderr:
+#
+#     "Does not point to a valid commit: invalid-ref"
+#
+# NEEDSWORK: This "grep" is fine in real non-C locales, but
+# GETTEXT_POISON poisons the refname along with the enclosing
+# error message.
+test_expect_success 'rebase --onto outputs the invalid ref' '
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto invalid-ref HEAD HEAD 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "invalid-ref" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
index 6de4e2263f..8c251c57a6 100755
--- a/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3409-rebase-preserve-merges.sh
@@ -11,14 +11,6 @@ Run "git rebase -p" and check that merges are properly carried along
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=bogus_email_address
 export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 
-# Clone 1 (trivial merge):
-#
-# A1--A2  <-- origin/master
-#  \   \
-#   B1--M  <-- topic
-#    \
-#     B2  <-- origin/topic
-#
 # Clone 2 (conflicting merge):
 #
 # A1--A2--B3   <-- origin/master
@@ -37,15 +29,7 @@ export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL
 #      \
 #       B2     <-- origin/topic
 #
-# Clone 4 (merge using second parent as base):
-#
-# A1--A2--B3   <-- origin/master
-#  \
-#   B1--A3--M  <-- topic
-#    \     /
-#     \--A4    <-- topic2
-#      \
-#       B2     <-- origin/topic
+# Clone 4 (same as Clone 3)
 
 test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
 	'echo First > A &&
@@ -58,20 +42,6 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	echo Third >> A &&
 	git commit -a -m "Modify A2" &&
-
-	git clone ./. clone1 &&
-	(cd clone1 &&
-	git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
-	git merge origin/master
-	) &&
-
-	git clone ./. clone4 &&
-	(
-		cd clone4 &&
-		git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
-		git merge origin/master
-	) &&
-
 	echo Fifth > B &&
 	git add B &&
 	git commit -m "Add different B" &&
@@ -96,21 +66,21 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for merge-preserving rebase' \
 		git merge --no-ff topic2
 	) &&
 
+	git clone ./. clone4 &&
+	(
+		cd clone4 &&
+		git checkout -b topic2 origin/topic &&
+		echo Sixth > A &&
+		git commit -a -m "Modify A3" &&
+		git checkout -b topic origin/topic &&
+		git merge --no-ff topic2
+	) &&
+
 	git checkout topic &&
 	echo Fourth >> B &&
 	git commit -a -m "Modify B2"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -p fakes interactive rebase' '
-	(
-	cd clone1 &&
-	git fetch &&
-	git rebase -p origin/topic &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote-tracking branch " | wc -l)
-	)
-'
-
 test_expect_success '--continue works after a conflict' '
 	(
 	cd clone2 &&
@@ -138,14 +108,14 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -p preserves no-ff merges' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase -p works when base inside second parent' '
+test_expect_success 'rebase -p ignores merge.log config' '
 	(
 	cd clone4 &&
 	git fetch &&
-	git rebase -p HEAD^2 &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify A" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Modify B" | wc -l) &&
-	test 1 = $(git rev-list --all --pretty=oneline | grep "Merge remote-tracking branch " | wc -l)
+	git -c merge.log=1 rebase -p origin/topic &&
+	echo >expected &&
+	git log --format="%b" -1 >current &&
+	test_cmp expected current
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh b/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
index ace8e54e9b..dc81bf27eb 100755
--- a/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
+++ b/t/t3411-rebase-preserve-around-merges.sh
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ test_expect_success 'squash F1 into D1' '
 # And rebase G1..M1 onto E2
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase two levels of merge' '
+	git checkout A1 &&
 	test_commit G1 &&
 	test_commit H1 &&
 	test_commit I1 &&
diff --git a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
index 086c91c7b4..0b52105728 100755
--- a/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
+++ b/t/t3412-rebase-root.sh
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare repository' '
 	test_commit 4 B
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase --root expects --onto' '
-	test_must_fail git rebase --root
+test_expect_success 'rebase --root fails with too many args' '
+	git checkout -B fail other &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto master --root fail fail
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup pre-rebase hook' '
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ cat > expect <<EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'rebase --root --onto <newbase>' '
-	git checkout -b work &&
+	git checkout -b work other &&
 	git rebase --root --onto master &&
 	git log --pretty=tformat:"%s" > rebased &&
 	test_cmp expect rebased
diff --git a/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh b/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
index 098b75507b..b6833e9a5f 100755
--- a/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t3413-rebase-hook.sh
@@ -118,11 +118,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase (1)' '
 test_expect_success 'pre-rebase hook stops rebase (2)' '
 	git checkout test &&
 	git reset --hard side &&
-	(
-		EDITOR=:
-		export EDITOR
-		test_must_fail git rebase -i master
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=: git rebase -i master &&
 	test "z$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = zrefs/heads/test &&
 	test 0 = $(git rev-list HEAD...side | wc -l)
 '
diff --git a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
index b38be8e937..41370ab998 100755
--- a/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
+++ b/t/t3415-rebase-autosquash.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ test_description='auto squash'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo 0 >file0 &&
 	git add . &&
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ test_auto_fixup () {
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase $2 -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code $1 &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ test_auto_squash () {
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase $2 -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code $1 &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test 2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ test_expect_success 'misspelled auto squash' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 4 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 4 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-missquash &&
 	test 0 = $(git rev-list final-missquash...HEAD | wc -l)
 '
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches 2 commits' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD~4 &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 4 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 4 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-multisquash &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^^:file1)" &&
 	test 2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^^ | grep first | wc -l) &&
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches a commit after the squash' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD~4 &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 5 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 5 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-presquash &&
 	test 0 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^^:file1)" &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches a sha1' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-shasquash &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep squash | wc -l)
@@ -163,7 +165,7 @@ test_expect_success 'auto squash that matches longer sha1' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-longshasquash &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep squash | wc -l)
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ test_auto_commit_flags () {
 	test_tick &&
 	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
-	test 3 = $(wc -l <actual) &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual &&
 	git diff --exit-code final-commit-$1 &&
 	test 1 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
 	test $2 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
@@ -193,4 +195,59 @@ test_expect_success 'use commit --squash' '
 	test_auto_commit_flags squash 2
 '
 
+test_auto_fixup_fixup () {
+	git reset --hard base &&
+	echo 1 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1! first" &&
+	echo 2 >file1 &&
+	git add -u &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "$1! $2! first" &&
+	git tag "final-$1-$2" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		set_cat_todo_editor &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^^ >actual &&
+		cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+		pick $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^^) first commit
+		$1 $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) $1! first
+		$1 $(git rev-parse --short HEAD) $1! $2! first
+		pick $(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) second commit
+		EOF
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	) &&
+	git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^^ &&
+	git log --oneline >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 3 actual
+	git diff --exit-code "final-$1-$2" &&
+	test 2 = "$(git cat-file blob HEAD^:file1)" &&
+	if test "$1" = "fixup"
+	then
+		test 1 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+	elif test "$1" = "squash"
+	then
+		test 3 = $(git cat-file commit HEAD^ | grep first | wc -l)
+	else
+		false
+	fi
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fixup! fixup!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup fixup fixup
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fixup! squash!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup fixup squash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash! squash!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup squash squash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'squash! fixup!' '
+	test_auto_fixup_fixup squash fixup
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3419-rebase-patch-id.sh b/t/t3419-rebase-patch-id.sh
index e70ac10a0c..217dd79b2e 100755
--- a/t/t3419-rebase-patch-id.sh
+++ b/t/t3419-rebase-patch-id.sh
@@ -4,12 +4,7 @@ test_description='git rebase - test patch id computation'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_set_prereq NOT_EXPENSIVE
-test -n "$GIT_PATCHID_TIMING_TESTS" && test_set_prereq EXPENSIVE
-test -x /usr/bin/time && test_set_prereq USR_BIN_TIME
-
-count()
-{
+count () {
 	i=0
 	while test $i -lt $1
 	do
@@ -18,8 +13,7 @@ count()
 	done
 }
 
-scramble()
-{
+scramble () {
 	i=0
 	while read x
 	do
@@ -28,12 +22,11 @@ scramble()
 			echo "$x"
 		fi
 		i=$((($i+1) % 10))
-	done < "$1" > "$1.new"
+	done <"$1" >"$1.new"
 	mv -f "$1.new" "$1"
 }
 
-run()
-{
+run () {
 	echo \$ "$@"
 	/usr/bin/time "$@" >/dev/null
 }
@@ -43,10 +36,8 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git tag root
 '
 
-do_tests()
-{
-	pr=$1
-	nlines=$2
+do_tests () {
+	nlines=$1 pr=${2-}
 
 	test_expect_success $pr "setup: $nlines lines" "
 		rm -f .gitattributes &&
@@ -103,7 +94,7 @@ do_tests()
 	"
 }
 
-do_tests NOT_EXPENSIVE 500
-do_tests EXPENSIVE 50000
+do_tests 500
+do_tests 50000 EXPENSIVE
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d783f03d3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3420-rebase-autostash.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Ramkumar Ramachandra
+#
+
+test_description='git rebase --autostash tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	echo hello-world >file0 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "initial commit" &&
+	git checkout -b feature-branch &&
+	echo another-hello >file1 &&
+	echo goodbye >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "second commit" &&
+	echo final-goodbye >file3 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "third commit" &&
+	git checkout -b unrelated-onto-branch master &&
+	echo unrelated >file4 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "unrelated commit" &&
+	git checkout -b related-onto-branch master &&
+	echo conflicting-change >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "related commit"
+'
+
+testrebase() {
+	type=$1
+	dotest=$2
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: dirty worktree, non-conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: dirty index, non-conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		git add file3 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: conflicting rebase" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		rm -rf $dotest &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --continue" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		echo "conflicting-plus-goodbye" >file2 &&
+		git add file2 &&
+		git rebase --continue &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --skip" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		git rebase --skip &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: --abort" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >>file3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase$type related-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_file $dotest/autostash &&
+		! grep dirty file3 &&
+		git rebase --abort &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest/autostash &&
+		grep dirty file3 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "rebase$type: non-conflicting rebase, conflicting stash" '
+		test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git checkout -b rebased-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+		test_when_finished git branch -D rebased-feature-branch &&
+		echo dirty >file4 &&
+		git add file4 &&
+		git rebase$type unrelated-onto-branch &&
+		test_path_is_missing $dotest &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		grep unrelated file4 &&
+		! grep dirty file4 &&
+		git checkout feature-branch &&
+		git stash pop &&
+		grep dirty file4
+	'
+}
+
+test_expect_success "rebase: fast-forward rebase" '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b behind-feature-branch feature-branch~1 &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -D behind-feature-branch &&
+	echo dirty >>file1 &&
+	git rebase feature-branch &&
+	grep dirty file1 &&
+	git checkout feature-branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase: noop rebase" '
+	test_config rebase.autostash true &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b same-feature-branch feature-branch &&
+	test_when_finished git branch -D same-feature-branch &&
+	echo dirty >>file1 &&
+	git rebase feature-branch &&
+	grep dirty file1 &&
+	git checkout feature-branch
+'
+
+testrebase "" .git/rebase-apply
+testrebase " --merge" .git/rebase-merge
+testrebase " --interactive" .git/rebase-merge
+
+test_expect_success 'abort rebase -i with --autostash' '
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	echo uncommited-content >file0 &&
+	(
+		write_script abort-editor.sh <<-\EOF &&
+			echo >"$1"
+		EOF
+		test_set_editor "$(pwd)/abort-editor.sh" &&
+		test_must_fail git rebase -i --autostash HEAD^ &&
+		rm -f abort-editor.sh
+	) &&
+	echo uncommited-content >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected file0
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh b/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9c55cba198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3421-rebase-topology-linear.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic rebase topology tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+# a---b---c
+#      \
+#       d---e
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit a &&
+	test_commit b &&
+	test_commit c &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit d &&
+	test_commit e
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "simple rebase $*" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c e &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd e' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* is no-op if upstream is an ancestor" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* b e &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* -f rewrites even if upstream is an ancestor" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* -f b e &&
+		! test_cmp_rev e HEAD &&
+		test_cmp_rev b HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd e' b..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* fast-forwards from ancestor of upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* e b &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+#       f
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--i
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+#
+# Reverted patches are there for tests to be able to check if a commit
+# that introduced the same change as another commit is
+# dropped. Without reverted commits, we could get false positives
+# because applying the patch succeeds, but simply results in no
+# changes.
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for range selection tests' '
+	git checkout c &&
+	test_commit g &&
+	revert h g &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	cherry_pick gp g &&
+	test_commit i &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit f
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* drops patches in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* h i &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd i' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* can drop last patch if in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* h gp &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD^ &&
+		test_linear_range 'd' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto drops patches in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto f h i &&
+		test_cmp_rev f HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd i' f..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto does not drop patches in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto h f i &&
+		test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd gp i' h..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+# a---b---c---j!
+#      \
+#       d---k!--l
+#
+# ! = empty
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for empty commit tests' '
+	git checkout c &&
+	make_empty j &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	make_empty k &&
+	test_commit l
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* drops empty commit" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c l &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd l' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --keep-empty" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --keep-empty c l &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd k l' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --keep-empty keeps empty even if already in upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --keep-empty j l &&
+		test_cmp_rev j HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range 'd k l' j..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase failure -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+#       m
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g
+#
+# x---y---bp
+#
+# bp = cherry-picked b
+# m = reverted b
+#
+# Reverted patches are there for tests to be able to check if a commit
+# that introduced the same change as another commit is
+# dropped. Without reverted commits, we could get false positives
+# because applying the patch succeeds, but simply results in no
+# changes.
+test_expect_success 'setup of linear history for test involving root' '
+	git checkout b &&
+	revert m b &&
+	git checkout --orphan disjoint &&
+	git rm -rf . &&
+	test_commit x &&
+	test_commit y &&
+	cherry_pick bp b
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto c --root y &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* without --onto --root with disjoint history" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c y &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' c..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root drops patch in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto m --root bp &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' m..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --onto --root with merge-base does not go to root" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --onto m --root g &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'c g' m..
+	"
+}
+
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* without --onto --root with disjoint history drops patch in onto" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* m bp &&
+		test_cmp_rev m HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'x y' m..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* --root on linear history is a no-op" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* --root c &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase failure ''
+test_run_rebase failure -m
+test_run_rebase failure -i
+test_run_rebase failure -p
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* -f --root on linear history causes re-write" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* -f --root c &&
+		! test_cmp_rev a HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'a b c' HEAD
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+test_run_rebase success -p
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh b/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..846f85c27e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3425-rebase-topology-merges.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rebase topology tests with merges'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+test_revision_subjects () {
+	expected="$1"
+	shift
+	set -- $(git log --format=%s --no-walk=unsorted "$@")
+	test "$expected" = "$*"
+}
+
+# a---b-----------c
+#      \           \
+#       d-------e   \
+#        \       \   \
+#         n---o---w---v
+#              \
+#               z
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history' '
+	test_commit a &&
+	test_commit b &&
+	test_commit c &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit d &&
+	test_commit e &&
+
+	git checkout c &&
+	test_commit g &&
+	revert h g &&
+	git checkout d &&
+	cherry_pick gp g &&
+	test_commit i &&
+	git checkout b &&
+	test_commit f &&
+
+	git checkout d &&
+	test_commit n &&
+	test_commit o &&
+	test_merge w e &&
+	test_merge v c &&
+	git checkout o &&
+	test_commit z
+'
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* after merge from upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* e w &&
+		test_cmp_rev e HEAD~2 &&
+		test_linear_range 'n o' e..
+	"
+}
+test_run_rebase success ''
+test_run_rebase success -m
+test_run_rebase success -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history is linearized in place" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* d w &&
+		test_cmp_rev d HEAD~3 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" d..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'n o e' -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history is linearized upstream" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c w &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" c..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'd n o e' -i
+
+test_run_rebase () {
+	result=$1
+	shift
+	expected=$1
+	shift
+	test_expect_$result "rebase $* of non-linear history with merges after upstream merge is linearized" "
+		reset_rebase &&
+		git rebase $* c v &&
+		test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+		test_linear_range "\'"$expected"\'" c..
+	"
+}
+#TODO: make order consistent across all flavors of rebase
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' ''
+test_run_rebase success 'd e n o' -m
+test_run_rebase success 'd n o e' -i
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p is no-op in non-linear history" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p d w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p is no-op when base inside second parent" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p e w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_failure "rebase -p --root on non-linear history is a no-op" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --root w &&
+	test_cmp_rev w HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates merge from side branch" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p z w &&
+	test_cmp_rev z HEAD^ &&
+	test_cmp_rev w^2 HEAD^2
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates internal merge" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p c w &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~4 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~3 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd n e o w' HEAD~3 HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p can re-create two branches on onto" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto c d w &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD^2^ &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'n e o w' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+#       f
+#      /
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--i
+#        \       \
+#         e-------u
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for patch-equivalence tests' '
+	git checkout e &&
+	test_merge u i
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates history around dropped commit matching upstream" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h u &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p --onto in merged history drops patches in upstream" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto f h u &&
+	test_cmp_rev f HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p --onto in merged history does not drop patches in onto" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p --onto h f u &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2~2 HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd gp i e u' HEAD~2 HEAD^2^ HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+# a---b---c---g---h
+#      \
+#       d---gp--s
+#        \   \ /
+#         \   X
+#          \ / \
+#           e---t
+#
+# gp = cherry-picked g
+# h = reverted g
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for dropping whole side' '
+	git checkout gp &&
+	test_merge s e &&
+	git checkout e &&
+	test_merge t gp
+'
+
+test_expect_failure "rebase -p drops merge commit when entire first-parent side is dropped" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h s &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+	test_linear_range 'd e' h..
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p drops merge commit when entire second-parent side is dropped" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p h t &&
+	test_cmp_rev h HEAD~2 &&
+	test_linear_range 'd e' h..
+"
+
+# a---b---c
+#      \
+#       d---e
+#        \   \
+#         n---r
+#          \
+#           o
+#
+# r = tree-same with n
+test_expect_success 'setup of non-linear-history for empty commits' '
+	git checkout n &&
+	git merge --no-commit e &&
+	git reset n . &&
+	git commit -m r &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git clean -f &&
+	git tag r
+'
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates empty internal merge commit" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p c r &&
+	test_cmp_rev c HEAD~3 &&
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD^2^ HEAD~2 &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'd e n r' HEAD~2 HEAD^2 HEAD^ HEAD
+"
+
+test_expect_success "rebase -p re-creates empty merge commit" "
+	reset_rebase &&
+	git rebase -p o r &&
+	test_cmp_rev e HEAD^2 &&
+	test_cmp_rev o HEAD^ &&
+	test_revision_subjects 'r' HEAD
+"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3426-rebase-submodule.sh b/t/t3426-rebase-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d5b896d445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3426-rebase-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='rebase can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+git_rebase () {
+	git status -su >expect &&
+	ls -1pR * >>expect &&
+	git checkout -b ours HEAD &&
+	echo x >>file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m add_x &&
+	git revert HEAD &&
+	git status -su >actual &&
+	ls -1pR * >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git rebase "$1"
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "git_rebase"
+
+git_rebase_interactive () {
+	git status -su >expect &&
+	ls -1pR * >>expect &&
+	git checkout -b ours HEAD &&
+	echo x >>file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	git commit -m add_x &&
+	git revert HEAD &&
+	git status -su >actual &&
+	ls -1pR * >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	set_fake_editor &&
+	echo "fake-editor.sh" >.git/info/exclude &&
+	git rebase -i "$1"
+}
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+# The real reason "replace directory with submodule" fails is because a
+# directory "sub1" exists, but we reuse the suppression added for merge here
+test_submodule_switch "git_rebase_interactive"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
index 595d2ff990..51f3bbb8af 100755
--- a/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
+++ b/t/t3501-revert-cherry-pick.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --nonsense' '
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick --nonsense 2>msg &&
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD "$pos" &&
-	grep '[Uu]sage:' msg
+	test_i18ngrep '[Uu]sage:' msg
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'revert --nonsense' '
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ test_expect_success 'revert --nonsense' '
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD &&
 	test_must_fail git revert --nonsense 2>msg &&
 	git diff --exit-code HEAD "$pos" &&
-	grep '[Uu]sage:' msg
+	test_i18ngrep '[Uu]sage:' msg
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick after renaming branch' '
@@ -100,4 +100,45 @@ test_expect_success 'revert forbidden on dirty working tree' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	git rm --cached -r . &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	git cherry-pick initial &&
+	git diff --quiet initial &&
+	! test_cmp_rev initial HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" to pick from previous branch' '
+	git checkout unborn &&
+	test_commit to-pick actual content &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick - &&
+	echo content >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" is meaningless without checkout' '
+	test_create_repo afresh &&
+	(
+		cd afresh &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		test_must_fail git cherry-pick -
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick "-" works with arguments' '
+	git checkout -b side-branch &&
+	test_commit change actual change &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick -s - &&
+	echo "Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>" >expect &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | grep ^Signed-off-by: >signoff &&
+	test_cmp expect signoff &&
+	echo change >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
index c10b28cf57..fbdc47cfbd 100755
--- a/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
+++ b/t/t3505-cherry-pick-empty.sh
@@ -18,34 +18,84 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo third >> file1 &&
 	git add file1 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit --allow-empty-message -m ""
+	git commit --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git checkout -b empty-branch2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "empty"
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick an empty commit' '
-	git checkout master && {
-		git cherry-pick empty-branch^
-		test "$?" = 1
-	}
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick empty-branch^
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'index lockfile was removed' '
-
 	test ! -f .git/index.lock
-
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit with an empty message' '
-	git checkout master && {
-		git cherry-pick empty-branch
-		test "$?" = 1
-	}
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick empty-branch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'index lockfile was removed' '
-
 	test ! -f .git/index.lock
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit with an empty message with --allow-empty-message' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git cherry-pick --allow-empty-message empty-branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry pick an empty non-ff commit without --allow-empty' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo fourth >>file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	git commit -m "fourth" &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick empty-branch2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry pick an empty non-ff commit with --allow-empty' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick --allow-empty empty-branch2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry pick with --keep-redundant-commits' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git cherry-pick --keep-redundant-commits HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a commit that becomes no-op (prep)' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git branch fork &&
+	echo foo >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "add file2 on master" &&
+
+	git checkout fork &&
+	echo foo >file2 &&
+	git add file2 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "add file2 on the side"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a no-op without --keep-redundant' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout fork^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick master
+'
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick a no-op with --keep-redundant' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout fork^0 &&
+	git cherry-pick --keep-redundant-commits master &&
+	git show -s --format=%s >actual &&
+	echo "add file2 on master" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh b/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
index 51ca391e47..fb889ac6f0 100755
--- a/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
+++ b/t/t3506-cherry-pick-ff.sh
@@ -105,4 +105,12 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry pick a root commit with --ff' '
 	test "$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)" = "1df192cd8bc58a2b275d842cede4d221ad9000d1"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --ff on unborn branch' '
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	git rm --cached -r . &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	git cherry-pick --ff first &&
+	test_cmp_rev first HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
index 0c81b3c427..7c5ad08626 100755
--- a/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
+++ b/t/t3507-cherry-pick-conflict.sh
@@ -11,12 +11,6 @@ test_description='test cherry-pick and revert with conflicts
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 pristine_detach () {
 	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
 	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD &&
@@ -30,6 +24,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	test_commit initial foo a &&
 	test_commit base foo b &&
 	test_commit picked foo c &&
+	test_commit --signoff picked-signed foo d &&
 	git config advice.detachedhead false
 
 '
@@ -340,4 +335,61 @@ test_expect_success 'revert conflict, diff3 -m style' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'failed cherry-pick does not forget -s' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked &&
+	test_i18ngrep -e "Signed-off-by" .git/MERGE_MSG
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit after failed cherry-pick does not add duplicated -s' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked-signed &&
+	git commit -a -s &&
+	test $(git show -s |grep -c "Signed-off-by") = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit after failed cherry-pick adds -s at the right place' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick picked &&
+
+	git commit -a -s &&
+
+	# Do S-o-b and Conflicts appear in the right order?
+	cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	# Conflicts:
+	EOF
+	grep -e "^# Conflicts:" -e '^Signed-off-by' <.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	picked
+
+	Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	EOF
+
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --amend -s places the sign-off at the right place' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick picked &&
+
+	# emulate old-style conflicts block
+	mv .git/MERGE_MSG .git/MERGE_MSG+ &&
+	sed -e "/^# Conflicts:/,\$s/^# *//" <.git/MERGE_MSG+ >.git/MERGE_MSG &&
+
+	git commit -a &&
+	git commit --amend -s &&
+
+	# Do S-o-b and Conflicts appear in the right order?
+	cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	Conflicts:
+	EOF
+	grep -e "^Conflicts:" -e '^Signed-off-by' <.git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh b/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
index 1b3a344158..b457333e18 100755
--- a/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
+++ b/t/t3508-cherry-pick-many-commits.sh
@@ -5,15 +5,11 @@ test_description='test cherry-picking many commits'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 check_head_differs_from() {
-	head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	arg=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
-	test "$head" != "$arg"
+	! test_cmp_rev HEAD "$1"
 }
 
 check_head_equals() {
-	head=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	arg=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
-	test "$head" = "$arg"
+	test_cmp_rev HEAD "$1"
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -35,15 +31,49 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick first..fourth works' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git cherry-pick first..fourth &&
+	git diff --quiet other &&
+	git diff --quiet HEAD other &&
+	check_head_differs_from fourth
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick three one two works' '
+	git checkout -f first &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_commit three &&
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	git cherry-pick three one two &&
+	git diff --quiet three &&
+	git diff --quiet HEAD three &&
+	test "$(git log --reverse --format=%s first..)" = "three
+one
+two"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick three one two: fails' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick three one two:
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'output to keep user entertained during multi-pick' '
 	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
 	[master OBJID] second
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
 	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	[master OBJID] third
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
 	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	[master OBJID] fourth
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
 	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	EOF
 
@@ -51,27 +81,37 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick first..fourth works' '
 	git reset --hard first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git cherry-pick first..fourth >actual &&
+	sed -e "s/$_x05[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]/OBJID/" <actual >actual.fuzzy &&
+	test_line_count -ge 3 actual.fuzzy &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual.fuzzy
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --strategy resolve first..fourth works' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard first &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git cherry-pick --strategy resolve first..fourth &&
 	git diff --quiet other &&
 	git diff --quiet HEAD other &&
-
-	sed -e "s/$_x05[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]/OBJID/" <actual >actual.fuzzy &&
-	test_cmp expected actual.fuzzy &&
 	check_head_differs_from fourth
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --strategy resolve first..fourth works' '
+test_expect_success 'output during multi-pick indicates merge strategy' '
 	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
 	Trying simple merge.
 	[master OBJID] second
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
 	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	Trying simple merge.
 	[master OBJID] third
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:15:13 2005 -0700
 	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	Trying simple merge.
 	[master OBJID] fourth
 	 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	 Date: Thu Apr 7 15:16:13 2005 -0700
 	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	EOF
 
@@ -79,11 +119,8 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --strategy resolve first..fourth works' '
 	git reset --hard first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git cherry-pick --strategy resolve first..fourth >actual &&
-	git diff --quiet other &&
-	git diff --quiet HEAD other &&
 	sed -e "s/$_x05[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]/OBJID/" <actual >actual.fuzzy &&
-	test_cmp expected actual.fuzzy &&
-	check_head_differs_from fourth
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual.fuzzy
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cherry-pick --ff first..fourth works' '
diff --git a/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh b/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
index df921d1f33..1e5b3948df 100755
--- a/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
+++ b/t/t3509-cherry-pick-merge-df.sh
@@ -10,17 +10,15 @@ test_expect_success 'Initialize repository' '
 	git commit -m a
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts' '
+test_expect_success 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts' '
 	mkdir b &&
-	ln -s ../a b/a &&
-	git add b &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../a b/a &&
 	git commit -m b &&
 
 	git checkout -b branch &&
 	rm b/a &&
-	mv a b/a &&
-	ln -s b/a a &&
-	git add . &&
+	git mv a b/a &&
+	test_ln_s_add b/a a &&
 	git commit -m swap &&
 
 	>f1 &&
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Setup rename across paths each below D/F conflicts
 	git commit -m f1
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Cherry-pick succeeds with rename across D/F conflicts' '
+test_expect_success 'Cherry-pick succeeds with rename across D/F conflicts' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git cherry-pick branch
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Setup rename with file on one side matching different dirna
 	echo content > sub/file &&
 	echo foo > othersub/whatever &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf othersub &&
 	git mv sub/file othersub &&
diff --git a/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh b/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
index 97f3710700..7b7a89dbd5 100755
--- a/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
+++ b/t/t3510-cherry-pick-sequence.sh
@@ -24,14 +24,8 @@ pristine_detach () {
 	git clean -d -f -f -q -x
 }
 
-test_cmp_rev () {
-	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
-	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
-	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
-}
-
 test_expect_success setup '
-	git config advice.detachedhead false
+	git config advice.detachedhead false &&
 	echo unrelated >unrelated &&
 	git add unrelated &&
 	test_commit initial foo a &&
@@ -410,7 +404,7 @@ test_expect_success '--continue respects -x in first commit in multi-pick' '
 	grep "cherry picked from.*$picked" msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--signoff is not automatically propagated to resolved conflict' '
+test_expect_failure '--signoff is automatically propagated to resolved conflict' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
 	test_expect_code 1 git cherry-pick --signoff base..anotherpick &&
 	echo "c" >foo &&
@@ -428,7 +422,7 @@ test_expect_success '--signoff is not automatically propagated to resolved confl
 	grep "Signed-off-by:" anotherpick_msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success '--signoff dropped for implicit commit of resolution, multi-pick case' '
+test_expect_failure '--signoff dropped for implicit commit of resolution, multi-pick case' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked anotherpick &&
 	echo c >foo &&
@@ -441,7 +435,7 @@ test_expect_success '--signoff dropped for implicit commit of resolution, multi-
 	! grep Signed-off-by: msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'sign-off needs to be reaffirmed after conflict resolution, single-pick case' '
+test_expect_failure 'sign-off needs to be reaffirmed after conflict resolution, single-pick case' '
 	pristine_detach initial &&
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -s picked &&
 	echo c >foo &&
diff --git a/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh b/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b7dff09d06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3511-cherry-pick-x.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='Test cherry-pick -x and -s'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+pristine_detach () {
+	git cherry-pick --quit &&
+	git checkout -f "$1^0" &&
+	git read-tree -u --reset HEAD &&
+	git clean -d -f -f -q -x
+}
+
+mesg_one_line='base: commit message'
+
+mesg_no_footer="$mesg_one_line
+
+OneWordBodyThatsNotA-S-o-B"
+
+mesg_with_footer="$mesg_no_footer
+
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+Signed-off-by: A.U. Thor <author@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: B.U. Thor <buthor@example.com>"
+
+mesg_broken_footer="$mesg_no_footer
+
+The signed-off-by string should begin with the words Signed-off-by followed
+by a colon and space, and then the signers name and email address. e.g.
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+
+mesg_with_footer_sob="$mesg_with_footer
+Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+
+mesg_with_cherry_footer="$mesg_with_footer_sob
+(cherry picked from commit da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709)
+Tested-by: C.U. Thor <cuthor@example.com>"
+
+mesg_unclean="$mesg_one_line
+
+
+leading empty lines
+
+
+consecutive empty lines
+
+# hash tag comment
+
+trailing empty lines
+
+
+"
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	git config advice.detachedhead false &&
+	echo unrelated >unrelated &&
+	git add unrelated &&
+	test_commit initial foo a &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_one_line" foo b mesg-one-line &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_no_footer" foo b mesg-no-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_broken_footer" foo b mesg-broken-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_footer" foo b mesg-with-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_footer_sob" foo b mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_with_cherry_footer" foo b mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_config commit.cleanup verbatim &&
+	test_commit "$mesg_unclean" foo b mesg-unclean &&
+	test_unconfig commit.cleanup &&
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	test_commit conflicting unrelated
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x inserts blank line after one line subject' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-one-line^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-one-line &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_one_line
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line after one line subject' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-one-line &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_one_line
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line after non-conforming footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-broken-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_broken_footer
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-no-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s inserts blank line when conforming footer not found' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-no-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-no-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_no_footer
+
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s adds sob when last sob doesnt match committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s adds sob when last sob doesnt match committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s refrains from adding duplicate trailing sob' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer_sob
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s adds sob even when trailing sob exists for committer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-footer-sob^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-footer-sob &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_footer_sob
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-cherry-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -s treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	git cherry-pick -s mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick -x -s treats "(cherry picked from..." line as part of footer' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	sha1=`git rev-parse mesg-with-cherry-footer^0` &&
+	git cherry-pick -x -s mesg-with-cherry-footer &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+		$mesg_with_cherry_footer
+		(cherry picked from commit $sha1)
+		Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cherry-pick preserves commit message' '
+	pristine_detach initial &&
+	printf "$mesg_unclean" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B mesg-unclean >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git cherry-pick mesg-unclean &&
+	git log -1 --pretty=format:%B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3512-cherry-pick-submodule.sh b/t/t3512-cherry-pick-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6863b7bb6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3512-cherry-pick-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='cherry-pick can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_CHERRY_PICK_SEES_EMPTY_COMMIT=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_ATTEMPTS_TO_MERGE_REMOVED_SUBMODULE_FILES=1
+test_submodule_switch "git cherry-pick"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3513-revert-submodule.sh b/t/t3513-revert-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a1c4e0216f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3513-revert-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='revert can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+# Create a revert that moves from HEAD (including any test modifications to
+# the work tree) to $1 by first checking out $1 and reverting it. Reverting
+# the revert is the transition we test for. We tar the current work tree
+# first so we can restore the work tree test setup after doing the checkout
+# and revert.  We test here that the restored work tree content is identical
+# to that at the beginning. The last revert is then tested by the framework.
+git_revert () {
+	git status -su >expect &&
+	ls -1pR * >>expect &&
+	tar czf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/tmp.tgz" * &&
+	git checkout "$1" &&
+	git revert HEAD &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	tar xzf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/tmp.tgz" &&
+	git status -su >actual &&
+	ls -1pR * >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git revert HEAD
+}
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_CHERRY_PICK_SEES_EMPTY_COMMIT=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+test_submodule_switch "git_revert"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3600-rm.sh b/t/t3600-rm.sh
index 9fd28bcf34..9d90d2c935 100755
--- a/t/t3600-rm.sh
+++ b/t/t3600-rm.sh
@@ -38,37 +38,37 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Test that git rm --cached foo succeeds if the index matches the file' \
-    'echo content > foo
-     git add foo
+    'echo content >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
      git rm --cached foo'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Test that git rm --cached foo succeeds if the index matches the file' \
-    'echo content > foo
-     git add foo
-     git commit -m foo
-     echo "other content" > foo
+    'echo content >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
+     git commit -m foo &&
+     echo "other content" >foo &&
      git rm --cached foo'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Test that git rm --cached foo fails if the index matches neither the file nor HEAD' '
-     echo content > foo
-     git add foo
-     git commit -m foo
-     echo "other content" > foo
-     git add foo
-     echo "yet another content" > foo
+     echo content >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
+     git commit -m foo --allow-empty &&
+     echo "other content" >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
+     echo "yet another content" >foo &&
      test_must_fail git rm --cached foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
     'Test that git rm --cached -f foo works in case where --cached only did not' \
-    'echo content > foo
-     git add foo
-     git commit -m foo
-     echo "other content" > foo
-     git add foo
-     echo "yet another content" > foo
+    'echo content >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
+     git commit -m foo --allow-empty &&
+     echo "other content" >foo &&
+     git add foo &&
+     echo "yet another content" >foo &&
      git rm --cached -f foo'
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ test_expect_success 'but with -f it should work.' '
 	git rm -f foo baz &&
 	test ! -f foo &&
 	test ! -f baz &&
-	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch foo
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch foo &&
 	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch baz
 '
 
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ test_expect_success 'refuse to remove cached empty file with modifications' '
 
 test_expect_success 'remove intent-to-add file without --force' '
 	echo content >intent-to-add &&
-	git add -N intent-to-add
+	git add -N intent-to-add &&
 	git rm --cached intent-to-add
 '
 
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Recursive without -r fails' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Recursive with -r but dirty' '
-	echo qfwfq >>frotz/nitfol
+	echo qfwfq >>frotz/nitfol &&
 	test_must_fail git rm -r frotz &&
 	test -d frotz &&
 	test -f frotz/nitfol
@@ -240,18 +240,15 @@ test_expect_success 'refresh index before checking if it is up-to-date' '
 
 test_expect_success 'choking "git rm" should not let it die with cruft' '
 	git reset -q --hard &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .git/index.lock && git reset -q --hard" &&
 	i=0 &&
 	while test $i -lt 12000
 	do
-	    echo "100644 $_z40 0	some-file-$i"
+	    echo "100644 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 0	some-file-$i"
 	    i=$(( $i + 1 ))
 	done | git update-index --index-info &&
-	git rm -n "some-file-*" | :;
-	test -f .git/index.lock
-	status=$?
-	rm -f .git/index.lock
-	git reset -q --hard
-	test "$status" != 0
+	git rm -n "some-file-*" | : &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/index.lock
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rm removes subdirectories recursively' '
@@ -262,4 +259,626 @@ test_expect_success 'rm removes subdirectories recursively' '
 	! test -d dir
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+M  .gitmodules
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.modified <<EOF
+ M submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.cached <<EOF
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+cat >expect.both_deleted<<EOF
+D  .gitmodules
+D  submod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes empty submodules from work tree' '
+	mkdir submod &&
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) submod &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ./. &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path submod &&
+	git submodule init &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git commit -m "add submodule" &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -e submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes removed submodule from index and .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	rm -rf submod &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes work tree of unmodified submodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes a submodule with a trailing /' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm submod/ &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm fails when given a file with a trailing /' '
+	test_must_fail git rm empty/
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm succeeds when given a directory with a trailing /' '
+	git rm -r frotz/
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with different HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm --cached leaves work tree of populated submodules and .gitmodules alone' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm --cached submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.cached actual &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm --dry-run does not touch the submodule or .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm -n submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm does not complain when no .gitmodules file is found' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.both_deleted actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm will error out on a modified .gitmodules file unless staged' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules foo.bar true &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	test -s actual.err &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- submod &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm issues a warning when section is not found in .gitmodules' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	echo "warning: Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=submod" >expect.err &&
+	git rm submod >actual 2>actual.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err &&
+	! test -d submod &&
+	! test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup submodule conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git checkout -b branch1 &&
+	echo 1 >nitfol &&
+	git add nitfol &&
+	git commit -m "added nitfol 1" &&
+	git checkout -b branch2 master &&
+	echo 2 >nitfol &&
+	git add nitfol &&
+	git commit -m "added nitfol 2" &&
+	git checkout -b conflict1 master &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git checkout branch1
+	) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "submod 1" &&
+	git checkout -b conflict2 master &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout branch2
+	) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "submod 2"
+'
+
+cat >expect.conflict <<EOF
+UU submod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'rm removes work tree of unmodified conflicted submodule' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with different HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url &&
+	test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted populated submodule with a .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.conflict actual &&
+	git merge --abort &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a conflicted unpopulated submodule succeeds' '
+	git checkout conflict1 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict2 &&
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated submodule with a .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+cat >expect.deepmodified <<EOF
+ M submod/subsubmod
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup subsubmodule' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	(cd submod &&
+		git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) subsubmod &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ../. &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path subsubmod &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		git add .gitmodules &&
+		git commit -m "add subsubmodule" &&
+		git submodule update subsubmod
+	) &&
+	git commit -a -m "added deep submodule"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm recursively removes work tree of unmodified submodules' '
+	git rm submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with different nested HEAD fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with nested modifications fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		echo X >empty
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with nested untracked files fails unless forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		echo X >untracked
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -f submod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.modified actual &&
+	git rm -f submod &&
+	test ! -d submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of a populated nested submodule with a nested .git directory fails even when forced' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update --recursive &&
+	(cd submod/subsubmod &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../../.git/modules/sub/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rm submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/subsubmod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	test_must_fail git rm -f submod &&
+	test -d submod &&
+	test -d submod/subsubmod/.git &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual &&
+	rm -rf submod
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checking out a commit after submodule removal needs manual updates' '
+	git commit -m "submodule removal" submod &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git checkout -q HEAD^ 2>actual &&
+	git checkout -q master 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^warning: unable to rmdir submod:" actual &&
+	git status -s submod >actual &&
+	echo "?? submod/" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	rm -rf submod &&
+	git status -s -uno --ignore-submodules=none > actual &&
+	! test -s actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of d/f when d has become a non-directory' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -rf d &&
+	>d &&
+	git rm d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test_path_is_file d
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'rm of d/f when d has become a dangling symlink' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -rf d &&
+	ln -s nonexistent d &&
+	git rm d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_missing d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm of file when it has become a directory' '
+	rm -rf d &&
+	>d &&
+	git add d &&
+	rm -f d &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	>d/f &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d &&
+	test_path_is_file d/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'rm across a symlinked leading path (no index)' '
+	rm -rf d e &&
+	mkdir e &&
+	echo content >e/f &&
+	ln -s e d &&
+	git add -A e d &&
+	git commit -m "symlink d to e, e/f exists" &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d/f &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :e/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_file e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'rm across a symlinked leading path (w/ index)' '
+	rm -rf d e &&
+	mkdir d &&
+	echo content >d/f &&
+	git add -A e d &&
+	git commit -m "d/f exists" &&
+	mv d e &&
+	ln -s e d &&
+	test_must_fail git rm d/f &&
+	git rev-parse --verify :d/f &&
+	test -h d &&
+	test_path_is_file e/f
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for testing rm messages' '
+	>bar.txt &&
+	>foo.txt &&
+	git add bar.txt foo.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with different staged content' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following files have staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    bar.txt
+	    foo.txt
+	(use -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	echo content1 >foo.txt &&
+	echo content1 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with different staged content without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following files have staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    bar.txt
+	    foo.txt
+	EOF
+	echo content2 >foo.txt &&
+	echo content2 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm foo.txt bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with local modification' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has local modifications:
+	    foo.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "testing rm 3" &&
+	echo content3 >foo.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with local modification without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has local modifications:
+	    bar.txt
+	EOF
+	echo content4 >bar.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm bar.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with changes in the index' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    foo.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo content5 >foo.txt &&
+	git add foo.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm file with changes in the index without hints' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    foo.txt
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git -c advice.rmhints=false rm foo.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rm files with two different errors' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: the following file has staged content different from both the
+	file and the HEAD:
+	    foo1.txt
+	(use -f to force removal)
+	error: the following file has changes staged in the index:
+	    bar1.txt
+	(use --cached to keep the file, or -f to force removal)
+	EOF
+	echo content >foo1.txt &&
+	git add foo1.txt &&
+	echo content6 >foo1.txt &&
+	echo content6 >bar1.txt &&
+	git add bar1.txt &&
+	test_must_fail git rm bar1.txt foo1.txt 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3700-add.sh b/t/t3700-add.sh
index 874b3a6444..f7ff1f555d 100755
--- a/t/t3700-add.sh
+++ b/t/t3700-add.sh
@@ -30,10 +30,9 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
 	 esac'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
 	rm -f xfoo1 &&
-	ln -s foo xfoo1 &&
-	git add xfoo1 &&
+	test_ln_s_add foo xfoo1 &&
 	case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo1`" in
 	120000" "*xfoo1) echo pass;;
 	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo1; (exit 1);;
@@ -51,21 +50,19 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo2; (exit 1);;
 	 esac'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git add: filemode=0 should not get confused by symlink' '
 	rm -f xfoo2 &&
-	ln -s foo xfoo2 &&
-	git update-index --add xfoo2 &&
+	test_ln_s_add foo xfoo2 &&
 	case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo2`" in
 	120000" "*xfoo2) echo pass;;
 	*) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo2; (exit 1);;
 	esac
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
 	'git update-index --add: Test that executable bit is not used...' \
 	'git config core.filemode 0 &&
-	 ln -s xfoo2 xfoo3 &&
-	 git update-index --add xfoo3 &&
+	 test_ln_s_add xfoo2 xfoo3 &&	# runs git update-index --add
 	 case "`git ls-files --stage xfoo3`" in
 	 120000" "*xfoo3) echo pass;;
 	 *) echo fail; git ls-files --stage xfoo3; (exit 1);;
@@ -94,6 +91,13 @@ test_expect_success 'error out when attempting to add ignored ones without -f' '
 	! (git ls-files | grep "\\.ig")
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'error out when attempting to add ignored ones but add others' '
+	touch a.if &&
+	test_must_fail git add a.?? &&
+	! (git ls-files | grep "\\.ig") &&
+	(git ls-files | grep a.if)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'add ignored ones with -f' '
 	git add -f a.?? &&
 	git ls-files --error-unmatch a.ig
@@ -275,6 +279,25 @@ test_expect_success '"add non-existent" should fail' '
 	! (git ls-files | grep "non-existent")
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git add -A on empty repo does not error out' '
+	rm -fr empty &&
+	git init empty &&
+	(
+		cd empty &&
+		git add -A . &&
+		git add -A
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git add ." in empty repo' '
+	rm -fr empty &&
+	git init empty &&
+	(
+		cd empty &&
+		git add .
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git add --dry-run of existing changed file' "
 	echo new >>track-this &&
 	git add --dry-run track-this >actual 2>&1 &&
@@ -295,7 +318,6 @@ cat >expect.err <<\EOF
 The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:
 ignored-file
 Use -f if you really want to add them.
-fatal: no files added
 EOF
 cat >expect.out <<\EOF
 add 'track-this'
diff --git a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
index 9e236f9cc0..24ddd8a704 100755
--- a/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3701-add-interactive.sh
@@ -2,20 +2,25 @@
 
 test_description='add -i basic tests'
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup (initial)' '
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all='skipping add -i tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	echo more >>file &&
 	echo lines >>file
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'status works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'status works (initial)' '
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
 	grep "+1/-0 *+2/-0 file" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 new file mode 100644
 index 0000000..d95f3ad
@@ -26,19 +31,19 @@ index 0000000..d95f3ad
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'diff works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'diff works (initial)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/new file/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (initial)' '
+test_expect_success 'revert works (initial)' '
 	git add file &&
 	(echo r; echo 1) | git add -i &&
 	git ls-files >output &&
 	! grep . output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'setup (commit)' '
 	echo baseline >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m commit &&
@@ -47,12 +52,12 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup (commit)' '
 	echo more >>file &&
 	echo lines >>file
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'status works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'status works (commit)' '
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
 	grep "+1/-0 *+2/-0 file" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 --- a/file
@@ -63,12 +68,12 @@ index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'diff works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'diff works (commit)' '
 	(echo d; echo 1) | git add -i >output &&
 	sed -ne "/^index/,/content/p" <output >diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
-test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (commit)' '
+test_expect_success 'revert works (commit)' '
 	git add file &&
 	(echo r; echo 1) | git add -i &&
 	git add -i </dev/null >output &&
@@ -76,24 +81,24 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'revert works (commit)' '
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup fake editor' '
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
 	>fake_editor.sh &&
 	chmod a+x fake_editor.sh &&
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake_editor.sh"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'dummy edit works' '
+test_expect_success 'dummy edit works' '
 	(echo e; echo a) | git add -p &&
 	git diff > diff &&
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 @@ -1,1 +1,4 @@
  this
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ cat >patch <<EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup fake editor' '
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
 	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" >fake_editor.sh &&
 	cat >>fake_editor.sh <<\EOF &&
 mv -f "$1" oldpatch &&
@@ -113,26 +118,26 @@ EOF
 	test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake_editor.sh"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'bad edit rejected' '
+test_expect_success 'bad edit rejected' '
 	git reset &&
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p >output &&
 	grep "hunk does not apply" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 this patch
 is garbage
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'garbage edit rejected' '
+test_expect_success 'garbage edit rejected' '
 	git reset &&
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p >output &&
 	grep "hunk does not apply" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 @@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
  baseline
@@ -142,7 +147,7 @@ cat >patch <<EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/file b/file
 index b5dd6c9..f910ae9 100644
@@ -157,13 +162,13 @@ index b5dd6c9..f910ae9 100644
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'real edit works' '
+test_expect_success 'real edit works' '
 	(echo e; echo n; echo d) | git add -p &&
 	git diff >output &&
 	test_cmp expected output
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
+test_expect_success 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
 	git reset &&
 	echo file >.gitignore &&
 	echo changed >file &&
@@ -177,7 +182,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'skip files similarly as commit -a' '
 '
 rm -f .gitignore
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -186,7 +191,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'patch does not affect mode' '
 	git diff file | grep "new mode"
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -196,7 +201,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode but not hunk' '
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
+test_expect_success FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	chmod +x file &&
@@ -208,14 +213,14 @@ test_expect_success PERL,FILEMODE 'stage mode and hunk' '
 
 # end of tests disabled when filemode is not usable
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup again' '
+test_expect_success 'setup again' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_chmod +x file &&
 	echo content >>file
 '
 
 # Write the patch file with a new line at the top and bottom
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup patch' '
+test_expect_success 'setup patch' '
 cat >patch <<EOF
 index 180b47c..b6f2c08 100644
 --- a/file
@@ -229,7 +234,7 @@ EOF
 '
 
 # Expected output, similar to the patch but w/ diff at the top
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/file b/file
 index b6f2c08..61b9053 100755
@@ -244,7 +249,7 @@ EOF
 '
 
 # Test splitting the first patch, then adding both
-test_expect_success PERL 'add first line works' '
+test_expect_success 'add first line works' '
 	git commit -am "clear local changes" &&
 	git apply patch &&
 	(echo s; echo y; echo y) | git add -p file &&
@@ -252,7 +257,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'add first line works' '
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/non-empty b/non-empty
 deleted file mode 100644
@@ -264,7 +269,7 @@ index d95f3ad..0000000
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'deleting a non-empty file' '
+test_expect_success 'deleting a non-empty file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo content >non-empty &&
 	git add non-empty &&
@@ -275,7 +280,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'deleting a non-empty file' '
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'setup expected' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected' '
 cat >expected <<EOF
 diff --git a/empty b/empty
 deleted file mode 100644
@@ -283,7 +288,7 @@ index e69de29..0000000
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'deleting an empty file' '
+test_expect_success 'deleting an empty file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	> empty &&
 	git add empty &&
@@ -294,7 +299,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'deleting an empty file' '
 	test_cmp expected diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk setup' '
+test_expect_success 'split hunk setup' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	for i in 10 20 30 40 50 60
 	do
@@ -310,7 +315,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk setup' '
 	done >test
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
+test_expect_success 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
 	# Split, say Edit and do nothing.  Then:
 	#
 	# 1. Broken version results in a patch that does not apply and
@@ -319,7 +324,7 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
 	# times to get out.
 	#
 	# 2. Correct version applies the (not)edited version, and asks
-	#    about the next hunk, against wich we say q and program
+	#    about the next hunk, against which we say q and program
 	#    exits.
 	for a in s e     q n q q
 	do
@@ -330,4 +335,30 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'split hunk "add -p (edit)"' '
 	! grep "^+15" actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'patch mode ignores unmerged entries' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_commit conflict &&
+	test_commit non-conflict &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	test_commit side conflict.t &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit master conflict.t &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side &&
+	echo changed >non-conflict.t &&
+	echo y | git add -p >output &&
+	! grep a/conflict.t output &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	* Unmerged path conflict.t
+	diff --git a/non-conflict.t b/non-conflict.t
+	index f766221..5ea2ed4 100644
+	--- a/non-conflict.t
+	+++ b/non-conflict.t
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-non-conflict
+	+changed
+	EOF
+	git diff --cached >diff &&
+	test_cmp expected diff
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
index d48a7c002d..4bf1dbe9c9 100755
--- a/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t3900-i18n-commit.sh
@@ -34,11 +34,47 @@ test_expect_success 'no encoding header for base case' '
 	test z = "z$E"
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'UTF-16 refused because of NULs' '
+test_expect_success 'UTF-16 refused because of NULs' '
 	echo UTF-16 >F &&
-	git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/UTF-16.txt
+	test_must_fail git commit -a -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/UTF-16.txt
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 invalid characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 characters" >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nInvalid surrogate:\355\240\200\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 overlong sequences rejected' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	rm -f "$HOME/stderr" "$HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 overlong" >F &&
+	printf "\340\202\251ommit message\n\nThis is not a space:\300\240\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 non-characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 non-character 1" >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nNon-character:\364\217\277\276\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'UTF-8 non-characters refused' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f $HOME/stderr $HOME/invalid" &&
+	echo "UTF-8 non-character 2." >F &&
+	printf "Commit message\n\nNon-character:\357\267\220\n" \
+		>"$HOME/invalid" &&
+	git commit -a -F "$HOME/invalid" 2>"$HOME"/stderr &&
+	grep "did not conform" "$HOME"/stderr
+'
 
 for H in ISO8859-1 eucJP ISO-2022-JP
 do
@@ -160,7 +196,7 @@ test_commit_autosquash_flags () {
 		git config --unset-all i18n.commitencoding &&
 		git rebase --autosquash -i HEAD^^^ &&
 		git log --oneline >actual &&
-		test 3 = $(wc -l <actual)
+		test_line_count = 3 actual
 	'
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt b/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2257f05a99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3900/UTF-16.txt
diff --git a/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh b/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh
index 31a5770b34..75cf3ff9bd 100755
--- a/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t3901-i18n-patch.sh
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ test_description='i18n settings and format-patch | am pipe'
 
 check_encoding () {
 	# Make sure characters are not corrupted
-	cnt="$1" header="$2" i=1 j=0 bad=0
+	cnt="$1" header="$2" i=1 j=0
 	while test "$i" -le $cnt
 	do
 		git format-patch --encoding=UTF-8 --stdout HEAD~$i..HEAD~$j |
@@ -20,14 +20,10 @@ check_encoding () {
 			grep "^encoding ISO8859-1" ;;
 		*)
 			grep "^encoding ISO8859-1"; test "$?" != 0 ;;
-		esac || {
-			bad=1
-			break
-		}
+		esac || return 1
 		j=$i
 		i=$(($i+1))
 	done
-	(exit $bad)
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -54,10 +50,13 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git add yours &&
 	git commit -s -m "Second on side" &&
 
-	# the second one on the side branch is ISO-8859-1
-	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
-	# use author and committer name in ISO-8859-1 to match it.
-	. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt &&
+	if test_have_prereq !MINGW
+	then
+		# the second one on the side branch is ISO-8859-1
+		git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
+		# use author and committer name in ISO-8859-1 to match it.
+		. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3901-8859-1.txt
+	fi &&
 	test_tick &&
 	echo Yet another >theirs &&
 	git add theirs &&
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase (U/L)' '
 	check_encoding 2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase (L/L)' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'rebase (L/L)' '
 	# In this test we want ISO-8859-1 encoded commits as the result
 	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
 	git config i18n.logoutputencoding ISO8859-1 &&
@@ -131,7 +130,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase (L/L)' '
 	check_encoding 2 8859
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rebase (L/U)' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'rebase (L/U)' '
 	# This is pathological -- use UTF-8 as intermediate form
 	# to get ISO-8859-1 results.
 	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(U/U)' '
 	check_encoding 3
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(L/L)' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'cherry-pick(L/L)' '
 	# Both the commitencoding and logoutputencoding is set to ISO-8859-1
 
 	git config i18n.commitencoding ISO8859-1 &&
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(U/L)' '
 	check_encoding 3
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cherry-pick(L/U)' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'cherry-pick(L/U)' '
 	# Again, the commitencoding is set to ISO-8859-1 but
 	# logoutputencoding is set to UTF-8.
 
diff --git a/t/t3902-quoted.sh b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
index 534ee08a44..892f567844 100755
--- a/t/t3902-quoted.sh
+++ b/t/t3902-quoted.sh
@@ -16,9 +16,8 @@ echo foo 2>/dev/null > "Name and an${HT}HT"
 if ! test -f "Name and an${HT}HT"
 then
 	# FAT/NTFS does not allow tabs in filenames
-	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
-else
-	test_set_prereq TABS_IN_FILENAMES
+	skip_all='Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
+	test_done
 fi
 
 for_each_name () {
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ for_each_name () {
 	done
 }
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup' '
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
 
 	mkdir "$FN" &&
 	for_each_name "echo initial >\"\$name\"" &&
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expected files' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected files' '
 cat >expect.quoted <<\EOF &&
 Name
 "Name and a\nLF"
@@ -75,74 +74,74 @@ With SP in it
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
 
 	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
 
 	git diff --name-only >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
 
 	git ls-tree --name-only -r HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.quoted current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setting core.quotepath' '
+test_expect_success 'setting core.quotepath' '
 
 	git config --bool core.quotepath false
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-files' '
 
 	git ls-files >current && test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-files' '
 
 	git diff --name-only >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-index' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from diff-tree' '
 
 	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'check fully quoted output from ls-tree' '
 
 	git ls-tree --name-only -r HEAD >current &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw current
diff --git a/t/t3903-stash.sh b/t/t3903-stash.sh
index 663c60a12e..1e29962fad 100755
--- a/t/t3903-stash.sh
+++ b/t/t3903-stash.sh
@@ -200,17 +200,17 @@ test_expect_success 'apply -q is quiet' '
 	echo foo > file &&
 	git stash &&
 	git stash apply -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'save -q is quiet' '
 	git stash save --quiet > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pop -q is quiet' '
 	git stash pop -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pop -q --index works and is quiet' '
@@ -219,13 +219,13 @@ test_expect_success 'pop -q --index works and is quiet' '
 	git stash save --quiet &&
 	git stash pop -q --index > output.out 2>&1 &&
 	test foo = "$(git show :file)" &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'drop -q is quiet' '
 	git stash &&
 	git stash drop -q > output.out 2>&1 &&
-	test ! -s output.out
+	test_must_be_empty output.out
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'stash -k' '
@@ -336,41 +336,58 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash file to symlink (full stage)' '
 
 # This test creates a commit with a symlink used for the following tests
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
-	ln -s file filelink &&
-	git add filelink &&
+	test_ln_s_add file filelink &&
 	git commit -m "Add symlink" &&
 	rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file (stage rm)' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file (stage rm)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file (stage rm)" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file (stage rm)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'stash symlink to file (full stage)' '
+test_expect_success 'stash symlink to file (full stage)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	rm filelink &&
 	cp file filelink &&
 	git add filelink &&
-	git stash save "symlink to file (full stage)" &&
+	git stash save "symlink to file (full stage)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'this must have re-created the symlink' '
 	test -h filelink &&
-	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac &&
+	case "$(ls -l filelink)" in *" filelink -> file") :;; *) false;; esac
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unstash must re-create the file' '
 	git stash apply &&
 	! test -h filelink &&
 	test bar = "$(cat file)"
@@ -432,7 +449,7 @@ test_expect_success 'stash branch - stashes on stack, stash-like argument' '
 	test $(git ls-files --modified | wc -l) -eq 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'stash show - stashes on stack, stash-like argument' '
+test_expect_success 'stash show format defaults to --stat' '
 	git stash clear &&
 	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD" &&
 	git reset --hard &&
@@ -443,10 +460,25 @@ test_expect_success 'stash show - stashes on stack, stash-like argument' '
 	STASH_ID=$(git stash create) &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	 file |    1 +
+	 file | 1 +
 	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 	EOF
 	git stash show ${STASH_ID} >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash show - stashes on stack, stash-like argument' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD" &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo foo >> file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	echo bar >> file &&
+	STASH_ID=$(git stash create) &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo "1	0	file" >expected &&
+	git stash show --numstat ${STASH_ID} >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -480,11 +512,8 @@ test_expect_success 'stash show - no stashes on stack, stash-like argument' '
 	echo foo >> file &&
 	STASH_ID=$(git stash create) &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-	 file |    1 +
-	 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
-	EOF
-	git stash show ${STASH_ID} >actual &&
+	echo "1	0	file" >expected &&
+	git stash show --numstat ${STASH_ID} >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
@@ -598,7 +627,7 @@ test_expect_success 'stash apply shows status same as git status (relative to cu
 		git stash apply
 	) |
 	sed -e 1,2d >actual && # drop "Saved..." and "HEAD is now..."
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -625,4 +654,77 @@ test_expect_success 'stash where working directory contains "HEAD" file' '
 	test_cmp output expect
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'store called with invalid commit' '
+	test_must_fail git stash store foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'store updates stash ref and reflog' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo quux >bazzy &&
+	git add bazzy &&
+	STASH_ID=$(git stash create) &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	! grep quux bazzy &&
+	git stash store -m quuxery $STASH_ID &&
+	test $(cat .git/refs/stash) = $STASH_ID &&
+	grep $STASH_ID .git/logs/refs/stash &&
+	git stash pop &&
+	grep quux bazzy
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'handle stash specification with spaces' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	echo pig >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	stamp=$(git log -g --format="%cd" -1 refs/stash) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	echo cow >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	git stash apply "stash@{$stamp}" &&
+	grep pig file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup stash with index and worktree changes' '
+	git stash clear &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo index >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo working >file &&
+	git stash
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash list implies --first-parent -m' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	stash@{0}: WIP on master: b27a2bc subdir
+
+	diff --git a/file b/file
+	index 257cc56..d26b33d 100644
+	--- a/file
+	+++ b/file
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-foo
+	+working
+	EOF
+	git stash list -p >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stash list --cc shows combined diff' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	stash@{0}: WIP on master: b27a2bc subdir
+
+	diff --cc file
+	index 257cc56,9015a7a..d26b33d
+	--- a/file
+	+++ b/file
+	@@@ -1,1 -1,1 +1,1 @@@
+	- foo
+	 -index
+	++working
+	EOF
+	git stash list -p --cc >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh b/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
index a5e7e6b2ba..f372fc8ca8 100755
--- a/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
+++ b/t/t3905-stash-include-untracked.sh
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ test_expect_success 'stash pop after save --include-untracked leaves files untra
 	git stash pop &&
 	git status --porcelain >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
-	test "1" = "`cat file2`" &&
-	test untracked = "`cat untracked/untracked`"
+	test "1" = "$(cat file2)" &&
+	test untracked = "$(cat untracked/untracked)"
 '
 
 git clean --force --quiet -d
diff --git a/t/t3906-stash-submodule.sh b/t/t3906-stash-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d7219d6f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3906-stash-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='stash apply can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+git_stash () {
+	git status -su >expect &&
+	ls -1pR * >>expect &&
+	git read-tree -u -m "$1" &&
+	git stash &&
+	git status -su >actual &&
+	ls -1pR * >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git stash apply
+}
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_STASH_DOES_IGNORE_SUBMODULE_CHANGES=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_CHERRY_PICK_SEES_EMPTY_COMMIT=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+test_submodule_switch "git_stash"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..831935665e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t3910-mac-os-precompose.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Torsten Bögershausen
+#
+
+test_description='utf-8 decomposed (nfd) converted to precomposed (nfc)'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC
+then
+	skip_all="filesystem does not corrupt utf-8"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# create utf-8 variables
+Adiarnfc=$(printf '\303\204')
+Adiarnfd=$(printf 'A\314\210')
+
+Odiarnfc=$(printf '\303\226')
+Odiarnfd=$(printf 'O\314\210')
+AEligatu=$(printf '\303\206')
+Invalidu=$(printf '\303\377')
+
+
+#Create a string with 255 bytes (decomposed)
+Alongd=$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd$Adiarnfd #21 Byte
+Alongd=$Alongd$Alongd$Alongd                                           #63 Byte
+Alongd=$Alongd$Alongd$Alongd$Alongd$Adiarnfd                           #255 Byte
+
+#Create a string with 254 bytes (precomposed)
+Alongc=$AEligatu$AEligatu$AEligatu$AEligatu$AEligatu #10 Byte
+Alongc=$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc           #50 Byte
+Alongc=$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc$Alongc           #250 Byte
+Alongc=$Alongc$AEligatu$AEligatu                     #254 Byte
+
+test_expect_success "detect if nfd needed" '
+	precomposeunicode=$(git config core.precomposeunicode) &&
+	test "$precomposeunicode" = true &&
+	git config core.precomposeunicode true
+'
+test_expect_success "setup" '
+	>x &&
+	git add x &&
+	git commit -m "1st commit" &&
+	git rm x &&
+	git commit -m "rm x"
+'
+test_expect_success "setup case mac" '
+	git checkout -b mac_os
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in readdir()
+test_expect_success "add file Adiarnfc" '
+	echo f.Adiarnfc >f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git add f.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git commit -m "add f.$Adiarnfc"
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in git stage()
+test_expect_success "stage file d.Adiarnfd/f.Adiarnfd" '
+	mkdir d.$Adiarnfd &&
+	echo d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd >d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git stage d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git commit -m "add d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd"
+'
+test_expect_success "add link Adiarnfc" '
+	ln -s d.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd l.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git add l.$Adiarnfc &&
+	git commit -m "add l.Adiarnfc"
+'
+# This will test git log
+test_expect_success "git log f.Adiar" '
+	git log f.$Adiarnfc > f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	git log f.$Adiarnfd > f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test_cmp f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	rm f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log
+'
+# This will test git ls-files
+test_expect_success "git lsfiles f.Adiar" '
+	git ls-files f.$Adiarnfc > f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	git ls-files f.$Adiarnfd > f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfc.log &&
+	test -s f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	test_cmp f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log &&
+	rm f.Adiarnfc.log f.Adiarnfd.log
+'
+# This will test git mv
+test_expect_success "git mv" '
+	git mv f.$Adiarnfd f.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git mv d.$Adiarnfd d.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git mv l.$Adiarnfd l.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git commit -m "mv Adiarnfd Odiarnfc"
+'
+# Files can be checked out as nfc
+# And the link has been corrected from nfd to nfc
+test_expect_success "git checkout nfc" '
+	rm f.$Odiarnfc &&
+	git checkout f.$Odiarnfc
+'
+# Make it possible to checkout files with their NFD names
+test_expect_success "git checkout file nfd" '
+	rm -f f.* &&
+	git checkout f.$Odiarnfd
+'
+# Make it possible to checkout links with their NFD names
+test_expect_success "git checkout link nfd" '
+	rm l.* &&
+	git checkout l.$Odiarnfd
+'
+test_expect_success "setup case mac2" '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b mac_os_2
+'
+# This will test nfd2nfc in git commit
+test_expect_success "commit file d2.Adiarnfd/f.Adiarnfd" '
+	mkdir d2.$Adiarnfd &&
+	echo d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd >d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git add d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd &&
+	git commit -m "add d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd" -- d2.$Adiarnfd/f.$Adiarnfd
+'
+test_expect_success "setup for long decomposed filename" '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b mac_os_long_nfd_fn
+'
+test_expect_success "Add long decomposed filename" '
+	echo longd >$Alongd &&
+	git add * &&
+	git commit -m "Long filename"
+'
+test_expect_success "setup for long precomposed filename" '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b mac_os_long_nfc_fn
+'
+test_expect_success "Add long precomposed filename" '
+	echo longc >$Alongc &&
+	git add * &&
+	git commit -m "Long filename"
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'handle existing decomposed filenames' '
+	echo content >"verbatim.$Adiarnfd" &&
+	git -c core.precomposeunicode=false add "verbatim.$Adiarnfd" &&
+	git commit -m "existing decomposed file" &&
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files --exclude-standard -o "verbatim*" >untracked &&
+	test_cmp expect untracked
+'
+
+# Test if the global core.precomposeunicode stops autosensing
+# Must be the last test case
+test_expect_success "respect git config --global core.precomposeunicode" '
+	git config --global core.precomposeunicode true &&
+	rm -rf .git &&
+	git init &&
+	precomposeunicode=$(git config core.precomposeunicode) &&
+	test "$precomposeunicode" = "true"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4000-diff-format.sh b/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
index 6ddd46915d..8de36b7d12 100755
--- a/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
+++ b/t/t4000-diff-format.sh
@@ -15,17 +15,17 @@ line 3'
 cat path0 >path1
 chmod +x path1
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'update-index --add two files with and without +x.' \
-    'git update-index --add path0 path1'
+test_expect_success 'update-index --add two files with and without +x.' '
+	git update-index --add path0 path1
+'
 
 mv path0 path0-
 sed -e 's/line/Line/' <path0- >path0
 chmod +x path0
 rm -f path1
-test_expect_success \
-    'git diff-files -p after editing work tree.' \
-    'git diff-files -p >current'
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files -p after editing work tree.' '
+	git diff-files -p >actual
+'
 
 # that's as far as it comes
 if [ "$(git config --get core.filemode)" = false ]
@@ -55,8 +55,38 @@ deleted file mode 100755
 -line 3
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate git diff-files -p output.' \
-    'compare_diff_patch current expected'
+test_expect_success 'validate git diff-files -p output.' '
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files -s after editing work tree' '
+	git diff-files -s >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch as synonym for -s' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch --patch shows the patch' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch --patch >actual &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --no-patch --patch-with-raw shows the patch and raw data' '
+	git diff-files --no-patch --patch-with-raw >actual &&
+	grep -q "^:100644 100755 .* 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 M	path0\$" actual &&
+	tail -n +4 actual >actual-patch &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual-patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff-files --patch --no-patch does not show the patch' '
+	git diff-files --patch --no-patch >actual 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty actual &&
+	test_must_be_empty err
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
index 844277cfa6..2f327b7495 100755
--- a/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t4001-diff-rename.sh
@@ -102,4 +102,58 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for many rename source candidates' '
 	grep warning actual.err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with nothing in common' '
+	mkdir -p a/b/ &&
+	: >a/b/c &&
+	git add a/b/c &&
+	git commit -m "create a/b/c" &&
+	mkdir -p c/b/ &&
+	git mv a/b/c c/b/a &&
+	git commit -m "a/b/c -> c/b/a" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " a/b/c => c/b/a " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " a/b/c => c/b/a " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common prefix' '
+	mkdir -p c/d &&
+	git mv c/b/a c/d/e &&
+	git commit -m "c/b/a -> c/d/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " c/{b/a => d/e} " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " c/{b/a => d/e} " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common suffix' '
+	mkdir d &&
+	git mv c/d/e d/e &&
+	git commit -m "c/d/e -> d/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " {c/d => d}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " {c/d => d}/e " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print with common prefix and suffix' '
+	mkdir d/f &&
+	git mv d/e d/f/e &&
+	git commit -m "d/e -> d/f/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/{ => f}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/{ => f}/e " output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rename pretty print common prefix and suffix overlap' '
+	mkdir d/f/f &&
+	git mv d/f/e d/f/f/e &&
+	git commit -m "d/f/e d/f/f/e" &&
+	git diff -M --summary HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/f/{ => f}/e " output &&
+	git diff -M --stat HEAD^ HEAD >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep " d/f/{ => f}/e " output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh b/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh
index bfa8835638..df2accb655 100755
--- a/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh
+++ b/t/t4003-diff-rename-1.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='More rename detection
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare reference tree' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      echo frotz >rezrov &&
     git update-index --add COPYING rezrov &&
     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare work tree once again' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1'
 
 # tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has COPYING and COPYING.1,
diff --git a/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh b/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
index 77d7f4946f..135addbfbd 100755
--- a/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
+++ b/t/t4005-diff-rename-2.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='Same rename detection as t4003 but testing diff-raw.
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare reference tree' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      echo frotz >rezrov &&
     git update-index --add COPYING rezrov &&
     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 # tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has the same COPYING and
 # copy-edited COPYING.1, and unchanged rezrov.  We should not say
-# anything about rezrov nor COPYING, since the revised again diff-raw
+# anything about rezrov or COPYING, since the revised again diff-raw
 # nows how to say Copy.
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare work tree once again' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1'
 
 git diff-index -C --find-copies-harder $tree >current
diff --git a/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh b/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
index ff8c2f7532..76f643b2c2 100755
--- a/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
+++ b/t/t4006-diff-mode.sh
@@ -8,23 +8,52 @@ test_description='Test mode change diffs.
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'setup' \
-    'echo frotz >rezrov &&
-     git update-index --add rezrov &&
-     tree=`git write-tree` &&
-     echo $tree'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'chmod' \
-    'test_chmod +x rezrov &&
-     git diff-index $tree >current'
-
-sed -e 's/\(:100644 100755\) \('"$_x40"'\) \2 /\1 X X /' <current >check
-echo ":100644 100755 X X M	rezrov" >expected
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'verify' \
-    'test_cmp expected check'
+sed_script='s/\(:100644 100755\) \('"$_x40"'\) \2 /\1 X X /'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo frotz >rezrov &&
+	git update-index --add rezrov &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	echo $tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'chmod' '
+	test_chmod +x rezrov &&
+	git diff-index $tree >current &&
+	sed -e "$sed_script" <current >check &&
+	echo ":100644 100755 X X M	rezrov" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected check
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare binary file' '
+	git commit -m rezrov &&
+	printf "\00\01\02\03\04\05\06" >binbin &&
+	git add binbin &&
+	git commit -m binbin
+'
+
+# test_expect_success '--stat output after text chmod' '
+# 	test_chmod -x rezrov &&
+# 	echo " 0 files changed" >expect &&
+# 	git diff HEAD --stat >actual &&
+#	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
+#
+# test_expect_success '--shortstat output after text chmod' '
+# 	git diff HEAD --shortstat >actual &&
+# 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
+#
+# test_expect_success '--stat output after binary chmod' '
+# 	test_chmod +x binbin &&
+# 	echo " 0 files changed" >expect &&
+# 	git diff HEAD --stat >actual &&
+# 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
+#
+# test_expect_success '--shortstat output after binary chmod' '
+# 	git diff HEAD --shortstat >actual &&
+# 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+# '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4007-rename-3.sh b/t/t4007-rename-3.sh
index 11502b7509..dae327fabb 100755
--- a/t/t4007-rename-3.sh
+++ b/t/t4007-rename-3.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='Rename interaction with pathspec.
 
 test_expect_success 'prepare reference tree' '
 	mkdir path0 path1 &&
-	cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING path0/COPYING &&
+	cp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING path0/COPYING &&
 	git update-index --add path0/COPYING &&
 	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo $tree
diff --git a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
index 73b4a24f5e..9dd1bc5e16 100755
--- a/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
+++ b/t/t4008-diff-break-rewrite.sh
@@ -10,179 +10,145 @@ We have two very different files, file0 and file1, registered in a tree.
 We update file1 so drastically that it is more similar to file0, and
 then remove file0.  With -B, changes to file1 should be broken into
 separate delete and create, resulting in removal of file0, removal of
-original file1 and creation of completely rewritten file1.
+original file1 and creation of completely rewritten file1.  The latter
+two are then merged back into a single "complete rewrite".
 
 Further, with -B and -M together, these three modifications should
 turn into rename-edit of file0 into file1.
 
 Starting from the same two files in the tree, we swap file0 and file1.
-With -B, this should be detected as two complete rewrites, resulting in
-four changes in total.
+With -B, this should be detected as two complete rewrites.
 
 Further, with -B and -M together, these should turn into two renames.
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh ;# test-lib chdir's into trash
 
-test_expect_success \
-    setup \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../README >file0 &&
-     cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >file1 &&
-    git update-index --add file0 file1 &&
-    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
-    echo "$tree"'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'change file1 with copy-edit of file0 and remove file0' \
-    'sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
-     rm -f file0 &&
-    git update-index --remove file0 file1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B' \
-    'git diff-index -B --cached "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 000000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 11e331465a89c394dc25c780de230043750c1ec8 M100	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B (#1)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B and -M' \
-    'git diff-index -B -M "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 08bb2fb671deff4c03a4d4a0a1315dff98d5732c R100	file0	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B -M (#2)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'swap file0 and file1' \
-    'rm -f file0 file1 &&
-     git read-tree -m $tree &&
-     git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
-     mv file0 tmp &&
-     mv file1 file0 &&
-     mv tmp file1 &&
-     git update-index file0 file1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B' \
-    'git diff-index -B "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 M100	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M100	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B (#3)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B and -M' \
-    'git diff-index -B -M "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 R100	file1	file0
-:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 R100	file0	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B -M (#4)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'make file0 into something completely different' \
-    'rm -f file0 &&
-     ln -s frotz file0 &&
-     git update-index file0 file1'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B' \
-    'git diff-index -B "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 120000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M100	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'validate result of -B (#5)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B -M' \
-    'git diff-index -B -M "$tree" >current'
-
-# file0 changed from regular to symlink.  file1 is very close to the preimage of file0.
-# because we break file0, file1 can become a rename of it.
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 120000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 R	file0	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'validate result of -B -M (#6)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -M' \
-    'git diff-index -M "$tree" >current'
-
-# This should not mistake file0 as the copy source of new file1
-# due to type differences.
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 120000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 M	file1
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'validate result of -M (#7)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'file1 edited to look like file0 and file0 rename-edited to file2' \
-    'rm -f file0 file1 &&
-     git read-tree -m $tree &&
-     git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
-     sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
-     sed -e "s/git/GET/" file0 >file2 &&
-     rm -f file0 &&
-     git update-index --add --remove file0 file1 file2'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B' \
-    'git diff-index -B "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 000000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file0
-:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 08bb2fb671deff4c03a4d4a0a1315dff98d5732c M100	file1
-:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 A	file2
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B (#8)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'run diff with -B -C' \
-    'git diff-index -B -C "$tree" >current'
-
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 08bb2fb671deff4c03a4d4a0a1315dff98d5732c C095	file0	file1
-:100644 100644 f5deac7be59e7eeab8657fd9ae706fd6a57daed2 59f832e5c8b3f7e486be15ad0cd3e95ba9af8998 R095	file0	file2
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate result of -B -M (#9)' \
-    'compare_diff_raw expected current'
+test_expect_success setup '
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/README >file0 &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >file1 &&
+	git update-index --add file0 file1 &&
+	git tag reference $(git write-tree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'change file1 with copy-edit of file0 and remove file0' '
+	sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
+	rm -f file0 &&
+	git update-index --remove file0 file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B (#1)' '
+	git diff-index -B --cached reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 000000 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file0
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 2fbedd0b5d4b8126e4750c3bee305e8ff79f80ec M100	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B and -M (#2)' '
+	git diff-index -B -M reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 2fbedd0b5d4b8126e4750c3bee305e8ff79f80ec R100	file0	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'swap file0 and file1' '
+	rm -f file0 file1 &&
+	git read-tree -m reference &&
+	git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
+	mv file0 tmp &&
+	mv file1 file0 &&
+	mv tmp file1 &&
+	git update-index file0 file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B (#3)' '
+	git diff-index -B reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 M100	file0
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 M100	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B and -M (#4)' '
+	git diff-index -B -M reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 R100	file1	file0
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 R100	file0	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'make file0 into something completely different' '
+	rm -f file0 &&
+	test_ln_s_add frotz file0 &&
+	git update-index file1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B (#5)' '
+	git diff-index -B reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 120000 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 M100	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B -M (#6)' '
+	git diff-index -B -M reference >current &&
+
+	# file0 changed from regular to symlink.  file1 is the same as the preimage
+	# of file0.  Because the change does not make file0 disappear, file1 is
+	# denoted as a copy of file0
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 120000 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 C	file0	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -M (#7)' '
+	git diff-index -M reference >current &&
+
+	# This should not mistake file0 as the copy source of new file1
+	# due to type differences.
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 120000 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 67be421f88824578857624f7b3dc75e99a8a1481 T	file0
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 M	file1
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file1 edited to look like file0 and file0 rename-edited to file2' '
+	rm -f file0 file1 &&
+	git read-tree -m reference &&
+	git checkout-index -f -u -a &&
+	sed -e "s/git/GIT/" file0 >file1 &&
+	sed -e "s/git/GET/" file0 >file2 &&
+	rm -f file0 &&
+	git update-index --add --remove file0 file1 file2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B (#8)' '
+	git diff-index -B reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 000000 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file0
+	:100644 100644 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 2fbedd0b5d4b8126e4750c3bee305e8ff79f80ec M100	file1
+	:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 69a939f651686f56322566e2fd76715947a24162 A	file2
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'run diff with -B -C (#9)' '
+	git diff-index -B -C reference >current &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 2fbedd0b5d4b8126e4750c3bee305e8ff79f80ec C095	file0	file1
+	:100644 100644 548142c327a6790ff8821d67c2ee1eff7a656b52 69a939f651686f56322566e2fd76715947a24162 R095	file0	file2
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_raw expect current
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh b/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh
index f22c8e3dba..3641fd84d6 100755
--- a/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh
+++ b/t/t4009-diff-rename-4.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_description='Same rename detection as t4003 but testing diff-raw -z.
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare reference tree' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      echo frotz >rezrov &&
     git update-index --add COPYING rezrov &&
     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 # tree has COPYING and rezrov.  work tree has the same COPYING and
 # copy-edited COPYING.1, and unchanged rezrov.  We should not say
-# anything about rezrov nor COPYING, since the revised again diff-raw
+# anything about rezrov or COPYING, since the revised again diff-raw
 # nows how to say Copy.
 
 test_expect_success \
     'prepare work tree once again' \
-    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >COPYING &&
+    'cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib/COPYING >COPYING &&
      git update-index --add --remove COPYING COPYING.1'
 
 git diff-index -z -C --find-copies-harder $tree >current
diff --git a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
index af5134b70c..43c488b545 100755
--- a/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      mkdir path1 &&
      echo rezrov >path1/file1 &&
      git update-index --add file0 path1/file1 &&
-     tree=`git write-tree` &&
+     tree=$(git write-tree) &&
      echo "$tree" &&
      echo nitfol >file0 &&
      echo yomin >path1/file1 &&
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ test_expect_success \
      compare_diff_raw current expected'
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
-:100644 100644 766498d93a4b06057a8e49d23f4068f1170ff38f 0a41e115ab61be0328a19b29f18cdcb49338d516 M	file0
+:100644 100644 8e4020bb5a8d8c873b25de15933e75cc0fc275df dca6b92303befc93086aa025d90a5facd7eb2812 M	file0
 EOF
 test_expect_success \
     'limit to file0 should show file0' \
@@ -110,4 +110,40 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-tree -r with wildcard' '
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup submodules' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git init submod &&
+	( cd submod && test_commit first; ) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m first &&
+	( cd submod && test_commit second; ) &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree ignores trailing slash on submodule path' '
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD submod >expect &&
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD submod/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff multiple wildcard pathspecs' '
+	mkdir path2 &&
+	echo rezrov >path2/file1 &&
+	git update-index --add path2/file1 &&
+	tree3=$(git write-tree) &&
+	git diff --name-only $tree $tree3 -- "path2*1" "path1*1" >actual &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expect &&
+	path1/file1
+	path2/file1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-cache ignores trailing slash on submodule path' '
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ submod >expect &&
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ submod/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh b/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
index 408a19c4c2..13e7f621ab 100755
--- a/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t4011-diff-symlink.sh
@@ -9,85 +9,125 @@ test_description='Test diff of symlinks.
 . ./test-lib.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
-cat > expected << EOF
-diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
-new file mode 120000
-index 0000000..7c465af
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/frotz
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+xyzzy
-\ No newline at end of file
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'diff new symlink and file' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+	new file mode 120000
+	index 0000000..7c465af
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/frotz
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+xyzzy
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	diff --git a/nitfol b/nitfol
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..7c465af
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/nitfol
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+xyzzy
+	EOF
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff new symlink' \
-    'ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
-    git update-index &&
-    tree=$(git write-tree) &&
-    git update-index --add frotz &&
-    GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
-    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+	# the empty tree
+	git update-index &&
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff unchanged symlink' \
-    'tree=$(git write-tree) &&
-    git update-index frotz &&
-    test -z "$(git diff-index --name-only $tree)"'
-
-cat > expected << EOF
-diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
-deleted file mode 120000
-index 7c465af..0000000
---- a/frotz
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--xyzzy
-\ No newline at end of file
-EOF
+	test_ln_s_add xyzzy frotz &&
+	echo xyzzy >nitfol &&
+	git update-index --add nitfol &&
+	GIT_DIFF_OPTS=--unified=0 git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff removed symlink' \
-    'mv frotz frotz2 &&
-    git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
-    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+test_expect_success 'diff unchanged symlink and file'  '
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	git update-index frotz nitfol &&
+	test -z "$(git diff-index --name-only $tree)"
+'
 
-cat > expected << EOF
-diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'diff removed symlink and file' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+	deleted file mode 120000
+	index 7c465af..0000000
+	--- a/frotz
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-xyzzy
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	diff --git a/nitfol b/nitfol
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index 7c465af..0000000
+	--- a/nitfol
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-xyzzy
+	EOF
+	mv frotz frotz2 &&
+	mv nitfol nitfol2 &&
+	git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff identical, but newly created symlink' \
-    'ln -s xyzzy frotz &&
-    git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
-    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+test_expect_success 'diff identical, but newly created symlink and file' '
+	>expected &&
+	rm -f frotz nitfol &&
+	echo xyzzy >nitfol &&
+	test-chmtime +10 nitfol &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s xyzzy frotz
+	else
+		printf xyzzy >frotz
+		# the symlink property propagates from the index
+	fi &&
+	git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected current &&
 
-cat > expected << EOF
-diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
-index 7c465af..df1db54 120000
---- a/frotz
-+++ b/frotz
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--xyzzy
-\ No newline at end of file
-+yxyyz
-\ No newline at end of file
-EOF
+	>expected &&
+	git diff-index -M -p -w $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff different symlink' \
-    'rm frotz &&
-    ln -s yxyyz frotz &&
-    git diff-index -M -p $tree > current &&
-    compare_diff_patch current expected'
+test_expect_success 'diff different symlink and file' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/frotz b/frotz
+	index 7c465af..df1db54 120000
+	--- a/frotz
+	+++ b/frotz
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-xyzzy
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	+yxyyz
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	diff --git a/nitfol b/nitfol
+	index 7c465af..df1db54 100644
+	--- a/nitfol
+	+++ b/nitfol
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-xyzzy
+	+yxyyz
+	EOF
+	rm -f frotz &&
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s yxyyz frotz
+	else
+		printf yxyyz >frotz
+		# the symlink property propagates from the index
+	fi &&
+	echo yxyyz >nitfol &&
+	git diff-index -M -p $tree >current &&
+	compare_diff_patch expected current
+'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
-    'diff symlinks with non-existing targets' \
-    'ln -s narf pinky &&
-    ln -s take\ over brain &&
-    test_must_fail git diff --no-index pinky brain > output 2> output.err &&
-    grep narf output &&
-    ! grep error output.err'
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'diff symlinks with non-existing targets' '
+	ln -s narf pinky &&
+	ln -s take\ over brain &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --no-index pinky brain >output 2>output.err &&
+	grep narf output &&
+	! test -s output.err
+'
 
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup symlinks with attributes' '
 	echo "*.bin diff=bin" >>.gitattributes &&
@@ -96,19 +136,19 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup symlinks with attributes' '
 	git add -N file.bin link.bin
 '
 
-cat >expect <<'EOF'
-diff --git a/file.bin b/file.bin
-index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
-Binary files a/file.bin and b/file.bin differ
-diff --git a/link.bin b/link.bin
-index e69de29..dce41ec 120000
---- a/link.bin
-+++ b/link.bin
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+file.bin
-\ No newline at end of file
-EOF
 test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlinks do not respect userdiff config by path' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/file.bin b/file.bin
+	index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+	Binary files a/file.bin and b/file.bin differ
+	diff --git a/link.bin b/link.bin
+	index e69de29..dce41ec 120000
+	--- a/link.bin
+	+++ b/link.bin
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+file.bin
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	EOF
 	git config diff.bin.binary true &&
 	git diff file.bin link.bin >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh b/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
index 2d9f9a0cf1..643d729157 100755
--- a/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4012-diff-binary.sh
@@ -8,13 +8,21 @@ test_description='Binary diff and apply
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success 'prepare repository' \
-	'echo AIT >a && echo BIT >b && echo CIT >c && echo DIT >d &&
-	 git update-index --add a b c d &&
-	 echo git >a &&
-	 cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-binary-1.png >b &&
-	 echo git >c &&
-	 cat b b >d'
+cat >expect.binary-numstat <<\EOF
+1	1	a
+-	-	b
+1	1	c
+-	-	d
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare repository' '
+	echo AIT >a && echo BIT >b && echo CIT >c && echo DIT >d &&
+	git update-index --add a b c d &&
+	echo git >a &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-binary-1.png >b &&
+	echo git >c &&
+	cat b b >d
+'
 
 cat > expected <<\EOF
  a |    2 +-
@@ -23,59 +31,74 @@ cat > expected <<\EOF
  d |  Bin
  4 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'diff without --binary' \
-	'git diff | git apply --stat --summary >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
+test_expect_success 'apply --stat output for binary file change' '
+	git diff >diff &&
+	git apply --stat --summary <diff >current &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --shortstat output for binary file change' '
+	tail -n 1 expected >expect &&
+	git diff --shortstat >current &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect current
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'diff with --binary' \
-	'git diff --binary | git apply --stat --summary >current &&
-	 test_cmp expected current'
+test_expect_success 'diff --shortstat output for binary file change only' '
+	echo " 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)" >expected &&
+	git diff --shortstat -- b >current &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --numstat notices binary file change' '
+	git diff >diff &&
+	git apply --numstat <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.binary-numstat current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply --numstat understands diff --binary format' '
+	git diff --binary >diff &&
+	git apply --numstat <diff >current &&
+	test_cmp expect.binary-numstat current
+'
 
 # apply needs to be able to skip the binary material correctly
 # in order to report the line number of a corrupt patch.
-test_expect_success 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' \
-	'git diff | sed -e 's/-CIT/xCIT/' >broken &&
-	 if git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected
-	 then
-		echo unhappy - should have detected an error
-		(exit 1)
-	 else
-		echo happy
-	 fi &&
-	 detected=`cat detected` &&
-	 detected=`expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$"` &&
-	 detected=`sed -ne "${detected}p" broken` &&
-	 test "$detected" = xCIT'
-
-test_expect_success 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' \
-	'git diff --binary | sed -e 's/-CIT/xCIT/' >broken &&
-	 if git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected
-	 then
-		echo unhappy - should have detected an error
-		(exit 1)
-	 else
-		echo happy
-	 fi &&
-	 detected=`cat detected` &&
-	 detected=`expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$"` &&
-	 detected=`sed -ne "${detected}p" broken` &&
-	 test "$detected" = xCIT'
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' '
+	git diff >output &&
+	sed -e "s/-CIT/xCIT/" <output >broken &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected &&
+	detected=$(cat detected) &&
+	detected=$(expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$") &&
+	detected=$(sed -ne "${detected}p" broken) &&
+	test "$detected" = xCIT
+'
+
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'apply detecting corrupt patch correctly' '
+	git diff --binary | sed -e "s/-CIT/xCIT/" >broken &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --stat --summary broken 2>detected &&
+	detected=$(cat detected) &&
+	detected=$(expr "$detected" : "fatal.*at line \\([0-9]*\\)\$") &&
+	detected=$(sed -ne "${detected}p" broken) &&
+	test "$detected" = xCIT
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'initial commit' 'git commit -a -m initial'
 
 # Try removal (b), modification (d), and creation (e).
-test_expect_success 'diff-index with --binary' \
-	'echo AIT >a && mv b e && echo CIT >c && cat e >d &&
-	 git update-index --add --remove a b c d e &&
-	 tree0=`git write-tree` &&
-	 git diff --cached --binary >current &&
-	 git apply --stat --summary current'
-
-test_expect_success 'apply binary patch' \
-	'git reset --hard &&
-	 git apply --binary --index <current &&
-	 tree1=`git write-tree` &&
-	 test "$tree1" = "$tree0"'
+test_expect_success 'diff-index with --binary' '
+	echo AIT >a && mv b e && echo CIT >c && cat e >d &&
+	git update-index --add --remove a b c d e &&
+	tree0=$(git write-tree) &&
+	git diff --cached --binary >current &&
+	git apply --stat --summary current
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply binary patch' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git apply --binary --index <current &&
+	tree1=$(git write-tree) &&
+	test "$tree1" = "$tree0"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'diff --no-index with binary creation' '
 	echo Q | q_to_nul >binary &&
@@ -90,4 +113,23 @@ test_expect_success 'diff --no-index with binary creation' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+ binfile  |   Bin 0 -> 1026 bytes
+ textfile | 10000 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --stat with binary files and big change count' '
+	printf "\01\00%1024d" 1 >binfile &&
+	git add binfile &&
+	i=0 &&
+	while test $i -lt 10000; do
+		echo $i &&
+		i=$(($i + 1))
+	done >textfile &&
+	git add textfile &&
+	git diff --cached --stat binfile textfile >output &&
+	grep " | " output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
index 93a6f20871..6ec6072118 100755
--- a/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
+++ b/t/t4013-diff-various.sh
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 +*++ [initial] Initial
 EOF
 
-V=`git version | sed -e 's/^git version //' -e 's/\./\\./g'`
+V=$(git version | sed -e 's/^git version //' -e 's/\./\\./g')
 while read cmd
 do
 	case "$cmd" in
 	'' | '#'*) continue ;;
 	esac
-	test=`echo "$cmd" | sed -e 's|[/ ][/ ]*|_|g'`
-	pfx=`printf "%04d" $test_count`
+	test=$(echo "$cmd" | sed -e 's|[/ ][/ ]*|_|g')
+	pfx=$(printf "%04d" $test_count)
 	expect="$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4013/diff.$test"
 	actual="$pfx-diff.$test"
 
@@ -128,7 +128,12 @@ do
 		} >"$actual" &&
 		if test -f "$expect"
 		then
-			test_cmp "$expect" "$actual" &&
+			case $cmd in
+			*format-patch* | *-stat*)
+				test_i18ncmp "$expect" "$actual";;
+			*)
+				test_cmp "$expect" "$actual";;
+			esac &&
 			rm -f "$actual"
 		else
 			# this is to help developing new tests.
@@ -319,4 +324,14 @@ test_expect_success 'diff --cached -- file on unborn branch' '
 	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4013/diff.diff_--cached_--_file0" result
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --stdin with log formatting' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Side
+	Third
+	Second
+	EOF
+	git rev-list master | git diff-tree --stdin --format=%s -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index 2f8560c369..9951e3677d 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat --summary master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --cc dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
index 72e03c14fb..cec33fa3f0 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat --summary side
 c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master
index 8b357d964b..db3c0a7b2c 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --patch-with-stat master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --cc dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master
index e0568d6883..d019867dd9 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_master
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --stat --summary master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side
index 5afc8239a1..12b2eee17e 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_--summary_side
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --stat --summary side
 c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master
index f48367a89a..40b91796b3 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--cc_--stat_master
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff-tree --cc --stat master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
index 590864c2d7..817ed06f82 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty=oneline_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff-tree --pretty=oneline --root --patch-with-stat initial
 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a Initial
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side
index e05e77875c..fe3f6b7c7e 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--patch-with-stat_side
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
index 0e2c956633..06eb77e386 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial
index 384fa44ddd..680eab5f27 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_--summary_initial
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial
index 10384a83d3..9722d1b3a7 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--pretty_--root_--stat_initial
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
index f57062ea07..ad69ffe647 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_--root_--patch-with-stat_initial
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff-tree --root --patch-with-stat initial
 444ac553ac7612cc88969031b02b3767fb8a353a
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master
index 7088683444..81c3021541 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_master
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff-tree -c --stat --summary master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side
index ef216abb1d..e8dc12bfbf 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_--summary_side
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 $ git diff-tree -c --stat --summary side
 c7a2ab9e8eac7b117442a607d5a9b3950ae34d5a
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master
index ad19f103eb..89d59b1548 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff-tree_-c_--stat_master
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff-tree -c --stat master
 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side
index ddad917ae8..be8d1ea1bd 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_-r_initial..side
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 $ git diff --patch-with-stat -r initial..side
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side
index bdbd114d8e..5424e6d566 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--patch-with-stat_initial..side
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 $ git diff --patch-with-stat initial..side
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side
index 6d08f3d355..b7741e2b83 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_--stat_initial..side
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff --stat initial..side
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side
index 2ddb2540e6..5d514f55b9 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.diff_-r_--stat_initial..side
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 $ git diff -r --stat initial..side
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side
index 3cab049f7d..547ca065a5 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_--suffix=.diff_initial..side
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master
index 564a4d38f2..52fedc179e 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^
index 4f28460b83..1c3cde251b 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..master^
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side
index b10cc2e251..4717bd8313 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--attach_--stdout_initial..side
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master
index a976a8aaf4..02c4db7ec5 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--numbered-files_initial..master
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master
index b4fd66477a..c7677c5951 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_--subject-prefix=TESTCASE_initial..master
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master
index 0d31036e7f..5b3e34e2c0 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^
index 18d4714423..d13f8a8128 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^
index 29e00ab8af..caec5537de 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..master^^
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side
index 3572f20b5d..d3a6762130 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--inline_--stdout_initial..side
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=fixed
 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^
index 54cdcdab40..244d964fc6 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--cover-letter_-n_initial..master^
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ A U Thor (2):
   Second
   Third
 
- dir/sub |    4 ++++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file1   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 4 ++++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file1   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  4 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  create mode 100644 file1
  delete mode 100644 file2
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ Subject: [DIFFERENT_PREFIX 1/2] Second
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
 Subject: [DIFFERENT_PREFIX 2/2] Third
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master
index 23194ebdaa..bfc287a147 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--no-numbered_initial..master
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Subject: [PATCH] Second
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH] Third
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH] Side
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master
index 78f1a80a97..568f6f584e 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_--numbered_initial..master
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Second
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Third
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Side
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master
index a3dab7f773..5f0352f9f7 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Second
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Third
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Side
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^
index 39f4a3f2d1..2ae454d807 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..master^
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Second
 
 This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:02:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Third
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side
index 88109209db..a7d52fbeea 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.format-patch_--stdout_initial..side
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2006 00:03:00 +0000
 Subject: [PATCH] Side
 
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
index 27d3eabc26..3aa16a9e42 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--decorate_--all
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:06:00 2006 +0000
 
     Rearranged lines in dir/sub
 
-commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64 (HEAD, master)
+commit 59d314ad6f356dd08601a4cd5e530381da3e3c64 (HEAD -> master)
 Merge: 9a6d494 c7a2ab9
 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
 Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
index 4085bbde87..a18f1472a9 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
index 458627953e..ae425c4672 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
index 6e172cfadd..d5207cadf4 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index 48b0d4b91d..0fc1e8cd71 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
     Merge branch 'side'
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --cc dir/sub
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index f9dc5122e2..dffc09dde9 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
index 0807ece234..55aa98012d 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -127,9 +127,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index 84f5ef6911..019d85f7de 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.log_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
     Merge branch 'side'
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --combined dir/sub
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
index e60384d24d..95a474ef1d 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_--summary_side
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side
index a3a3255fd3..974e99be82 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--patch-with-stat_side
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side
index d16f464aca..a71492f9bf 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_--summary_side
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side
index 6300c0535f..9be712458f 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.show_--stat_side
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 $
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
index 16ae54345f..c8b6af2f43 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master_--_dir_
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master
index f3e45ec270..1ac431ba92 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
index c77f0bc320..b30c28588f 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--patch-with-stat_master_--_dir_
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index 8d03efea6c..30aae7817b 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--cc_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
     Merge branch 'side'
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --cc dir/sub
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index 1874d0616c..db90e51525 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
index 5211ff2a75..9a6cc92ce7 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_--patch-with-stat_master
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
 
 diff --git a/dir/sub b/dir/sub
diff --git a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
index ad30245a59..d1d32bd34c 100644
--- a/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
+++ b/t/t4013/diff.whatchanged_--root_-c_--patch-with-stat_--summary_master
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:04:00 2006 +0000
 
     Merge branch 'side'
 
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
 
 diff --combined dir/sub
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:03:00 2006 +0000
 
     Side
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file3   |    4 ++++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file3   | 4 ++++
  3 files changed, 9 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file3
 
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:02:00 2006 +0000
 
     Third
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file1   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file1   | 3 +++
  2 files changed, 5 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 file1
 
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:01:00 2006 +0000
     
     This is the second commit.
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 ---
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 ---
  3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
  delete mode 100644 file2
 
@@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ Date:   Mon Jun 26 00:00:00 2006 +0000
 
     Initial
 ---
- dir/sub |    2 ++
- file0   |    3 +++
- file2   |    3 +++
+ dir/sub | 2 ++
+ file0   | 3 +++
+ file2   | 3 +++
  3 files changed, 8 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 dir/sub
  create mode 100644 file0
diff --git a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
index 7dfe716cf9..c39e50028f 100755
--- a/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t4014-format-patch.sh
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 test_expect_success "format-patch --ignore-if-in-upstream" '
 
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side >patch0 &&
-	cnt=`grep "^From " patch0 | wc -l` &&
+	cnt=$(grep "^From " patch0 | wc -l) &&
 	test $cnt = 3
 
 '
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_expect_success "format-patch --ignore-if-in-upstream" '
 
 	git format-patch --stdout \
 		--ignore-if-in-upstream master..side >patch1 &&
-	cnt=`grep "^From " patch1 | wc -l` &&
+	cnt=$(grep "^From " patch1 | wc -l) &&
 	test $cnt = 2
 
 '
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ test_expect_success "format-patch doesn't consider merge commits" '
 	git checkout -b merger master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-ff slave &&
-	cnt=`git format-patch -3 --stdout | grep "^From " | wc -l` &&
+	cnt=$(git format-patch -3 --stdout | grep "^From " | wc -l) &&
 	test $cnt = 3
 '
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ test_expect_success "format-patch result applies" '
 
 	git checkout -b rebuild-0 master &&
 	git am -3 patch0 &&
-	cnt=`git rev-list master.. | wc -l` &&
+	cnt=$(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
 	test $cnt = 2
 '
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ test_expect_success "format-patch --ignore-if-in-upstream result applies" '
 
 	git checkout -b rebuild-1 master &&
 	git am -3 patch1 &&
-	cnt=`git rev-list master.. | wc -l` &&
+	cnt=$(git rev-list master.. | wc -l) &&
 	test $cnt = 2
 '
 
@@ -110,73 +110,107 @@ test_expect_success 'replay did not screw up the log message' '
 
 test_expect_success 'extra headers' '
 
-	git config format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>
+	git config format.headers "To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>
 " &&
-	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>
+	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>
 " &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side > patch2 &&
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch2 > hdrs2 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2 &&
-	grep "^Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2 &&
+	grep "^Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs2
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'extra headers without newlines' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
-	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --add format.headers "Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side >patch3 &&
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch3 > hdrs3 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3 &&
-	grep "^Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3 &&
+	grep "^Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs3
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'extra headers with multiple To:s' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
-	git config --add format.headers "To: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --add format.headers "To: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side > patch4 &&
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" patch4 > hdrs4 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" hdrs4 &&
-	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs4
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" hdrs4 &&
+	grep "^ *S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" hdrs4
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'additional command line cc' '
+test_expect_success 'additional command line cc (ascii)' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --cc="S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch5 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
+	grep "^ *S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'additional command line cc (rfc822)' '
+
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --cc="S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch5 &&
-	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
-	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch5 &&
+	grep "^ *\"S. E. Cipient\" <scipient@example.com>\$" patch5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'command line headers' '
 
 	git config --unset-all format.headers &&
-	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch6 &&
-	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch6
+	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch6 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch6
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'configuration headers and command line headers' '
 
-	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
-	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch7 &&
-	grep "^Cc: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch7 &&
-	grep "^ *S. E. Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch7
+	git config --replace-all format.headers "Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --add-header="Cc: S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch7 &&
+	grep "^Cc: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>,\$" patch7 &&
+	grep "^ *S E Cipient <scipient@example.com>\$" patch7
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'command line To: header' '
+test_expect_success 'command line To: header (ascii)' '
 
 	git config --unset-all format.headers &&
+	git format-patch --to="R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'command line To: header (rfc822)' '
+
 	git format-patch --to="R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+	grep "^To: \"R. E. Cipient\" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'command line To: header (rfc2047)' '
+
+	git format-patch --to="R Ä Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch8 &&
+	grep "^To: =?UTF-8?q?R=20=C3=84=20Cipient?= <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch8
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'configuration To: header (ascii)' '
+
+	git config format.to "R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
+	grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'configuration To: header' '
+test_expect_failure 'configuration To: header (rfc822)' '
 
 	git config format.to "R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
-	grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
+	grep "^To: \"R. E. Cipient\" <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'configuration To: header (rfc2047)' '
+
+	git config format.to "R Ä Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout master..side | sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch9 &&
+	grep "^To: =?UTF-8?q?R=20=C3=84=20Cipient?= <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch9
 '
 
 # check_patch <patch>: Verify that <patch> looks like a half-sane
@@ -190,11 +224,11 @@ check_patch () {
 test_expect_success '--no-to overrides config.to' '
 
 	git config --replace-all format.to \
-		"R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+		"R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --no-to --stdout master..side |
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch10 &&
 	check_patch patch10 &&
-	! grep "^To: R. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch10
+	! grep "^To: R E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch10
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--no-to and --to replaces config.to' '
@@ -212,21 +246,21 @@ test_expect_success '--no-to and --to replaces config.to' '
 test_expect_success '--no-cc overrides config.cc' '
 
 	git config --replace-all format.cc \
-		"C. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+		"C E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --no-cc --stdout master..side |
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch12 &&
 	check_patch patch12 &&
-	! grep "^Cc: C. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch12
+	! grep "^Cc: C E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch12
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--no-add-header overrides config.headers' '
 
 	git config --replace-all format.headers \
-		"Header1: B. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
+		"Header1: B E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>" &&
 	git format-patch --no-add-header --stdout master..side |
 	sed -e "/^\$/q" >patch13 &&
 	check_patch patch13 &&
-	! grep "^Header1: B. E. Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch13
+	! grep "^Header1: B E Cipient <rcipient@example.com>\$" patch13
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple files' '
@@ -237,6 +271,22 @@ test_expect_success 'multiple files' '
 	ls patches/0001-Side-changes-1.patch patches/0002-Side-changes-2.patch patches/0003-Side-changes-3-with-n-backslash-n-in-it.patch
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reroll count' '
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch -o patches --cover-letter --reroll-count 4 master..side >list &&
+	! grep -v "^patches/v4-000[0-3]-" list &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Subject: /p" $(cat list) >subjects &&
+	! grep -v "^Subject: \[PATCH v4 [0-3]/3\] " subjects
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reroll count (-v)' '
+	rm -fr patches &&
+	git format-patch -o patches --cover-letter -v4 master..side >list &&
+	! grep -v "^patches/v4-000[0-3]-" list &&
+	sed -n -e "/^Subject: /p" $(cat list) >subjects &&
+	! grep -v "^Subject: \[PATCH v4 [0-3]/3\] " subjects
+'
+
 check_threading () {
 	expect="$1" &&
 	shift &&
@@ -518,11 +568,6 @@ test_expect_success 'shortlog of cover-letter wraps overly-long onelines' '
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
----
- file |   16 ++++++++++++++++
- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+)
-
-diff --git a/file b/file
 index 40f36c6..2dc5c23 100644
 --- a/file
 +++ b/file
@@ -537,7 +582,9 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'format-patch respects -U' '
 
 	git format-patch -U4 -2 &&
-	sed -e "1,/^\$/d" -e "/^+5/q" < 0001-This-is-an-excessively-long-subject-line-for-a-messa.patch > output &&
+	sed -e "1,/^diff/d" -e "/^+5/q" \
+		<0001-This-is-an-excessively-long-subject-line-for-a-messa.patch \
+		>output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 
 '
@@ -619,8 +666,19 @@ test_expect_success 'format-patch --in-reply-to' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'format-patch --signoff' '
-	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout |
-	grep "^Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>"
+	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout >out &&
+	grep "^Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --notes --signoff' '
+	git notes --ref test add -m "test message" HEAD &&
+	git format-patch -1 --signoff --stdout --notes=test >out &&
+	# Three dashes must come after S-o-b
+	! sed "/^Signed-off-by: /q" out | grep "test message" &&
+	sed "1,/^Signed-off-by: /d" out | grep "test message" &&
+	# Notes message must come after three dashes
+	! sed "/^---$/q" out | grep "test message" &&
+	sed "1,/^---$/d" out | grep "test message"
 '
 
 echo "fatal: --name-only does not make sense" > expect.name-only
@@ -684,44 +742,97 @@ test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature --cover-letter' '
 	test 2 = $(grep "my sig" output | wc -l)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format.signature="" supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format.signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 	git config format.signature "" &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format-patch --no-signature supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --no-signature suppresses signatures' '
 	git config --unset-all format.signature &&
 	git format-patch --stdout --no-signature -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" supresses signatures' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch --signature="" suppresses signatures' '
 	git format-patch --stdout --signature="" -1 >output &&
 	check_patch output &&
 	! grep "^-- \$" output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prepare mail-signature input' '
+	cat >mail-signature <<-\EOF
+
+	Test User <test.email@kernel.org>
+	http://git.kernel.org/cgit/git/git.git
+
+	git.kernel.org/?p=git/git.git;a=summary
+
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--signature-file=file works' '
+	git format-patch --stdout --signature-file=mail-signature -1 >output &&
+	check_patch output &&
+	sed -e "1,/^-- \$/d" <output >actual &&
+	{
+		cat mail-signature && echo
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'format.signaturefile works' '
+	test_config format.signaturefile mail-signature &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >output &&
+	check_patch output &&
+	sed -e "1,/^-- \$/d" <output >actual &&
+	{
+		cat mail-signature && echo
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-signature suppresses format.signaturefile ' '
+	test_config format.signaturefile mail-signature &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --no-signature -1 >output &&
+	check_patch output &&
+	! grep "^-- \$" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--signature-file overrides format.signaturefile' '
+	cat >other-mail-signature <<-\EOF &&
+	Use this other signature instead of mail-signature.
+	EOF
+	test_config format.signaturefile mail-signature &&
+	git format-patch --stdout \
+			--signature-file=other-mail-signature -1 >output &&
+	check_patch output &&
+	sed -e "1,/^-- \$/d" <output >actual &&
+	{
+		cat other-mail-signature && echo
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--signature overrides format.signaturefile' '
+	test_config format.signaturefile mail-signature &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --signature="my sig" -1 >output &&
+	check_patch output &&
+	grep "my sig" output
+'
+
 test_expect_success TTY 'format-patch --stdout paginates' '
 	rm -f pager_used &&
-	(
-		GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" &&
-		export GIT_PAGER &&
-		test_terminal git format-patch --stdout --all
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" git format-patch --stdout --all &&
 	test_path_is_file pager_used
 '
 
  test_expect_success TTY 'format-patch --stdout pagination can be disabled' '
 	rm -f pager_used &&
-	(
-		GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" &&
-		export GIT_PAGER &&
-		test_terminal git --no-pager format-patch --stdout --all &&
-		test_terminal git -c "pager.format-patch=false" format-patch --stdout --all
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" git --no-pager format-patch --stdout --all &&
+	test_terminal env GIT_PAGER="wc >pager_used" git -c "pager.format-patch=false" format-patch --stdout --all &&
 	test_path_is_missing pager_used &&
 	test_path_is_missing .git/pager_used
 '
@@ -755,16 +866,14 @@ M64=$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8
 M512=$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 Subject: [PATCH] foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
- bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
- foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long headers (ascii)' '
+ bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+ foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
+ bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+ foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo
+ bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+ foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar foo bar
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long subject (ascii)' '
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m "$M512" &&
@@ -777,30 +886,32 @@ M8="föö bar "
 M64=$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8
 M512=$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64$M64
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
-Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
- =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long headers (rfc2047)' '
+Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20bar=20f=C3=B6=C3=B6=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?bar?=
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long subject (rfc2047)' '
 	rm -rf patches/ &&
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -810,52 +921,80 @@ test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long headers (rfc2047)' '
 	test_cmp expect subject
 '
 
-M8="foo_bar_"
-M64=$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8$M8
-cat >expect <<EOF
-From: $M64
- <foobar@foo.bar>
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps non-quotable headers' '
-	rm -rf patches/ &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git commit -mfoo --author "$M64 <foobar@foo.bar>" &&
-	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
-	sed -n "/^From: /p; /^ /p; /^$/q" <patch >from &&
-	test_cmp expect from
-'
-
 check_author() {
 	echo content >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=$1 git commit -m author-check &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >patch &&
-	grep ^From: patch >actual &&
+	sed -n "/^From: /p; /^ /p; /^$/q" <patch >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 }
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 From: "Foo B. Bar" <author@example.com>
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes dot in headers' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes dot in from-headers' '
 	check_author "Foo B. Bar"
 '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 From: "Foo \"The Baz\" Bar" <author@example.com>
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes double-quote in headers' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch quotes double-quote in from-headers' '
 	check_author "Foo \"The Baz\" Bar"
 '
 
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
-From: =?UTF-8?q?"F=C3=B6o=20B.=20Bar"?= <author@example.com>
+From: =?UTF-8?q?F=C3=B6o=20Bar?= <author@example.com>
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'rfc2047-encoded headers also double-quote 822 specials' '
+test_expect_success 'format-patch uses rfc2047-encoded from-headers when necessary' '
+	check_author "Föo Bar"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: =?UTF-8?q?F=C3=B6o=20B=2E=20Bar?= <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'rfc2047-encoded from-headers leave no rfc822 specials' '
 	check_author "Föo B. Bar"
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+From: foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_
+ <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps moderately long from-header (ascii)' '
+	check_author "foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_foo_bar_"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar
+ Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo
+ Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long from-header (ascii)' '
+	check_author "Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: "Foo.Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar
+ Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo
+ Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar" <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long from-header (rfc822)' '
+	check_author "Foo.Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar"
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+From: =?UTF-8?q?Fo=C3=B6=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar=20?=
+ =?UTF-8?q?Foo=20Bar=20Foo=20Bar?= <author@example.com>
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'format-patch wraps extremely long from-header (rfc2047)' '
+	check_author "Foö Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar Foo Bar"
+'
+
 cat >expect <<'EOF'
 Subject: header with . in it
 EOF
@@ -886,6 +1025,321 @@ test_expect_success 'empty subject prefix does not have extra space' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--from=ident notices bogus ident' '
+	test_must_fail git format-patch -1 --stdout --from=foo >patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from=ident replaces author' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from="Me <me@example.com>" >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: Me <me@example.com>
+
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from uses committer ident' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--from omits redundant in-body header' '
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from="A U Thor <author@example.com>" >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'in-body headers trigger content encoding' '
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="éxötìc" test_commit exotic &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout --from >patch &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	From: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+
+	From: éxötìc <author@example.com>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -ne "/^From:/p; /^$/p; /^Content-Type/p; /^---$/q" <patch >patch.head &&
+	test_cmp expect patch.head
+'
+
+append_signoff()
+{
+	C=$(git commit-tree HEAD^^{tree} -p HEAD) &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --signoff $C^..$C >append_signoff.patch &&
+	sed -n -e "1,/^---$/p" append_signoff.patch |
+		egrep -n "^Subject|Sign|^$"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with no body' '
+	append_signoff </dev/null >actual &&
+	cat <<\EOF | sed "s/EOL$//" >expected &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] EOL
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with only subject' '
+	echo subject | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: commit with only subject that does not end with NL' '
+	printf subject | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: no existing signoffs' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: no existing signoffs and no trailing NL' '
+	printf "subject\n\nbody" | append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: some random signoff' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: my@house
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: misc conforming footer elements' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+(cherry picked from commit da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709)
+Tested-by: Some One <someone@example.com>
+Bug: 1234
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: my@house
+15:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: some random signoff-alike' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+Fooled-by-me: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+11:
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: not really a signoff' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+I want to mention about Signed-off-by: here.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:I want to mention about Signed-off-by: here.
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: not really a signoff (2)' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+My unfortunate
+Signed-off-by: example happens to be wrapped here.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:Signed-off-by: example happens to be wrapped here.
+11:
+12:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: valid S-o-b paragraph in the middle' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+Signed-off-by: your@house
+
+A lot of houses.
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: my@house
+10:Signed-off-by: your@house
+11:
+13:
+14:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff at the end' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff at the end, no trailing NL' '
+	printf "subject\n\nSigned-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>" |
+		append_signoff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+9:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: the same signoff NOT at the end' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+11:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+12:Signed-off-by: my@house
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: detect garbage in non-conforming footer' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Tested-by: my@house
+Some Trash
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+13:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+14:
+15:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'signoff: footer begins with non-signoff without @ sign' '
+	append_signoff <<\EOF >actual &&
+subject
+
+body
+
+Reviewed-id: Noone
+Tested-by: my@house
+Change-id: Ideadbeef
+Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+Bug: 1234
+EOF
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+4:Subject: [PATCH] subject
+8:
+10:
+14:Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'format patch ignores color.ui' '
 	test_unconfig color.ui &&
 	git format-patch --stdout -1 >expect &&
@@ -894,4 +1348,79 @@ test_expect_success 'format patch ignores color.ui' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (1)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter master >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (2)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter rebuild-1~2..rebuild-1 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (3)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter ^master rebuild-1 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (4)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter master.. >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (5)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -2 HEAD >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter using branch description (6)' '
+	git checkout rebuild-1 &&
+	test_config branch.rebuild-1.description hello &&
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter -2 >actual &&
+	grep hello actual >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter with nothing' '
+	git format-patch --stdout --cover-letter >actual &&
+	test_line_count = 0 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter auto' '
+	mkdir -p tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf tmp;
+		git config --unset format.coverletter" &&
+
+	git config format.coverletter auto &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 1 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 3 list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover letter auto user override' '
+	mkdir -p tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf tmp;
+		git config --unset format.coverletter" &&
+
+	git config format.coverletter auto &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --cover-letter -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 2 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --cover-letter -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 3 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --no-cover-letter -1 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 1 list &&
+	git format-patch -o tmp --no-cover-letter -2 >list &&
+	test_line_count = 2 list
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
index cc3db1304e..604a838c1a 100755
--- a/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
+++ b/t/t4015-diff-whitespace.sh
@@ -142,6 +142,352 @@ EOF
 git diff --ignore-space-at-eol > out
 test_expect_success 'another test, with --ignore-space-at-eol' 'test_cmp expect out'
 
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: only new lines' '
+	test_seq 5 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	test_seq 5 | sed "/3/i\\
+" >x &&
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: only new lines with space' '
+	test_seq 5 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	test_seq 5 | sed "/3/i\\
+ " >x &&
+	git diff -w --ignore-blank-lines >out &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp out expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: after change' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+
+	7
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=100 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+	+change
+	+
+	 1
+	 2
+	-
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: before change' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+	7
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=100 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -4,5 +4,7 @@
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	 7
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: between changes' '
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+
+	6
+	7
+	8
+	9
+	10
+	EOF
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	6
+	7
+	8
+
+	9
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	@@ -8,5 +8,7 @@
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	+
+	 9
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: between changes (with interhunkctx)' '
+	test_seq 10 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+
+	6
+	7
+	8
+	9
+
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=2 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	 9
+	+
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: scattered spaces' '
+	test_seq 10 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+	3
+
+	4
+
+	5
+
+	6
+
+
+	7
+
+	8
+	9
+	10
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=4 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	 3
+	@@ -8,3 +15,4 @@
+	 8
+	 9
+	 10
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: spaces coalesce' '
+	test_seq 6 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+	3
+
+	4
+
+	5
+
+	6
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --inter-hunk-context=4 --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	 3
+	+
+	 4
+	+
+	 5
+	+
+	 6
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ignore-blank-lines: mix changes and blank lines' '
+	test_seq 16 >x &&
+	git update-index x &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >x &&
+	change
+	1
+	2
+
+	3
+	4
+	5
+	change
+	6
+	7
+	8
+
+	9
+	10
+	11
+	change
+	12
+	13
+	14
+
+	15
+	16
+	change
+	EOF
+	git diff --ignore-blank-lines >out.tmp &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	diff --git a/x b/x
+	--- a/x
+	+++ b/x
+	@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
+	+change
+	 1
+	 2
+	+
+	 3
+	 4
+	 5
+	+change
+	 6
+	 7
+	 8
+	@@ -9,8 +13,11 @@
+	 9
+	 10
+	 11
+	+change
+	 12
+	 13
+	 14
+	+
+	 15
+	 16
+	+change
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected out.tmp
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'check mixed spaces and tabs in indent' '
 
 	# This is indented with SP HT SP.
diff --git a/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh b/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
index ab0c2f0574..cd543ecc54 100755
--- a/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
+++ b/t/t4016-diff-quote.sh
@@ -13,14 +13,12 @@ P1='pathname	with HT'
 P2='pathname with SP'
 P3='pathname
 with LF'
-if : 2>/dev/null >"$P1" && test -f "$P1" && rm -f "$P1"
-then
-	test_set_prereq TABS_IN_FILENAMES
-else
-	say 'Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
-fi
+echo 2>/dev/null >"$P1" && test -f "$P1" && rm -f "$P1" || {
+	skip_all='Your filesystem does not allow tabs in filenames'
+	test_done
+}
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 	echo P0.0 >"$P0.0" &&
 	echo P0.1 >"$P0.1" &&
 	echo P0.2 >"$P0.2" &&
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES setup '
 	:
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expected files' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expected files' '
 cat >expect <<\EOF
  rename pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0" (100%)
  rename pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0" (100%)
@@ -52,27 +50,38 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff --summary -M HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'git diff --summary -M HEAD' '
 	git diff --summary -M HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'setup expected files' '
-cat >expect <<\EOF
- pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0"            |    0
- pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0"            |    0
- "pathname\twith HT.3" => "Rpathname\nwith LF.1" |    0
- pathname.2 => Rpathname with SP.0               |    0
- "pathname\twith HT.2" => Rpathname with SP.1    |    0
- pathname.0 => Rpathname.0                       |    0
- "pathname\twith HT.0" => Rpathname.1            |    0
- 7 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'git diff --numstat -M HEAD' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	0	0	pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0"
+	0	0	pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0"
+	0	0	"pathname\twith HT.3" => "Rpathname\nwith LF.1"
+	0	0	pathname.2 => Rpathname with SP.0
+	0	0	"pathname\twith HT.2" => Rpathname with SP.1
+	0	0	pathname.0 => Rpathname.0
+	0	0	"pathname\twith HT.0" => Rpathname.1
+	EOF
+	git diff --numstat -M HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success TABS_IN_FILENAMES 'git diff --stat -M HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'git diff --stat -M HEAD' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	 pathname.1 => "Rpathname\twith HT.0"            | 0
+	 pathname.3 => "Rpathname\nwith LF.0"            | 0
+	 "pathname\twith HT.3" => "Rpathname\nwith LF.1" | 0
+	 pathname.2 => Rpathname with SP.0               | 0
+	 "pathname\twith HT.2" => Rpathname with SP.1    | 0
+	 pathname.0 => Rpathname.0                       | 0
+	 "pathname\twith HT.0" => Rpathname.1            | 0
+	 7 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+	EOF
 	git diff --stat -M HEAD >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
index 4bd2a1c838..1dbaa3864a 100755
--- a/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
+++ b/t/t4018-diff-funcname.sh
@@ -7,184 +7,103 @@ test_description='Test custom diff function name patterns'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-LF='
-'
-cat >Beer.java <<\EOF
-public class Beer
-{
-	int special;
-	public static void main(String args[])
-	{
-		String s=" ";
-		for(int x = 99; x > 0; x--)
-		{
-			System.out.print(x + " bottles of beer on the wall "
-				+ x + " bottles of beer\n"
-				+ "Take one down, pass it around, " + (x - 1)
-				+ " bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
-		}
-		System.out.print("Go to the store, buy some more,\n"
-			+ "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
-	}
-}
-EOF
-sed 's/beer\\/beer,\\/' <Beer.java >Beer-correct.java
-cat >Beer.perl <<\EOT
-package Beer;
-
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-use parent qw(Exporter);
-our @EXPORT_OK = qw(round finalround);
-
-sub other; # forward declaration
-
-# hello
-
-sub round {
-	my ($n) = @_;
-	print "$n bottles of beer on the wall ";
-	print "$n bottles of beer\n";
-	print "Take one down, pass it around, ";
-	$n = $n - 1;
-	print "$n bottles of beer on the wall.\n";
-}
-
-sub finalround
-{
-	print "Go to the store, buy some more\n";
-	print "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
-}
-
-sub withheredocument {
-	print <<"EOF"
-decoy here-doc
-EOF
-	# some lines of context
-	# to pad it out
-	print "hello\n";
-}
-
-__END__
-
-=head1 NAME
-
-Beer - subroutine to output fragment of a drinking song
-
-=head1 SYNOPSIS
-
-	use Beer qw(round finalround);
-
-	sub song {
-		for (my $i = 99; $i > 0; $i--) {
-			round $i;
-		}
-		finalround;
-	}
-
-	song;
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	# a non-trivial custom pattern
+	git config diff.custom1.funcname "!static
+!String
+[^ 	].*s.*" &&
 
-=cut
-EOT
-sed -e '
-	s/hello/goodbye/
-	s/beer\\/beer,\\/
-	s/more\\/more,\\/
-	s/song;/song();/
-' <Beer.perl >Beer-correct.perl
+	# a custom pattern which matches to end of line
+	git config diff.custom2.funcname "......Beer\$" &&
 
-test_config () {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
+	# alternation in pattern
+	git config diff.custom3.funcname "Beer$" &&
+	git config diff.custom3.xfuncname "^[ 	]*((public|static).*)$" &&
 
-test_expect_funcname () {
-	lang=${2-java}
-	test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index -U1 \
-		"Beer.$lang" "Beer-correct.$lang" >diff &&
-	grep "^@@.*@@ $1" diff
-}
+	# for regexp compilation tests
+	echo A >A.java &&
+	echo B >B.java
+'
 
-for p in bibtex cpp csharp fortran html java matlab objc pascal perl php python ruby tex
+diffpatterns="
+	ada
+	bibtex
+	cpp
+	csharp
+	fortran
+	html
+	java
+	matlab
+	objc
+	pascal
+	perl
+	php
+	python
+	ruby
+	tex
+	custom1
+	custom2
+	custom3
+"
+
+for p in $diffpatterns
 do
 	test_expect_success "builtin $p pattern compiles" '
 		echo "*.java diff=$p" >.gitattributes &&
 		test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index \
-			Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>msg &&
-		! grep fatal msg &&
-		! grep error msg
+			A.java B.java 2>msg &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! fatal msg &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! error msg
 	'
 	test_expect_success "builtin $p wordRegex pattern compiles" '
 		echo "*.java diff=$p" >.gitattributes &&
 		test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index --word-diff \
-			Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>msg &&
-		! grep fatal msg &&
-		! grep error msg
+			A.java B.java 2>msg &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! fatal msg &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! error msg
 	'
 done
 
-test_expect_success 'default behaviour' '
-	rm -f .gitattributes &&
-	test_expect_funcname "public class Beer\$"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'set up .gitattributes declaring drivers to test' '
-	cat >.gitattributes <<-\EOF
-	*.java diff=java
-	*.perl diff=perl
-	EOF
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'preset java pattern' '
-	test_expect_funcname "public static void main("
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'preset perl pattern' '
-	test_expect_funcname "sub round {\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern accepts K&R style brace placement, too' '
-	test_expect_funcname "sub finalround\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'but is not distracted by end of <<here document' '
-	test_expect_funcname "sub withheredocument {\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern is not distracted by sub within POD' '
-	test_expect_funcname "=head" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern gets full line of POD header' '
-	test_expect_funcname "=head1 SYNOPSIS\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'perl pattern is not distracted by forward declaration' '
-	test_expect_funcname "package Beer;\$" perl
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'custom pattern' '
-	test_config diff.java.funcname "!static
-!String
-[^ 	].*s.*" &&
-	test_expect_funcname "int special;\$"
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'last regexp must not be negated' '
+	echo "*.java diff=java" >.gitattributes &&
 	test_config diff.java.funcname "!static" &&
-	test_expect_code 128 git diff --no-index Beer.java Beer-correct.java 2>msg &&
-	grep ": Last expression must not be negated:" msg
+	test_expect_code 128 git diff --no-index A.java B.java 2>msg &&
+	test_i18ngrep ": Last expression must not be negated:" msg
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pattern which matches to end of line' '
-	test_config diff.java.funcname "Beer\$" &&
-	test_expect_funcname "Beer\$"
+test_expect_success 'setup hunk header tests' '
+	for i in $diffpatterns
+	do
+		echo "$i-* diff=$i"
+	done > .gitattributes &&
+
+	# add all test files to the index
+	(
+		cd "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4018 &&
+		git --git-dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/.git" add .
+	) &&
+
+	# place modified files in the worktree
+	for i in $(git ls-files)
+	do
+		sed -e "s/ChangeMe/IWasChanged/" <"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4018/$i" >"$i" || return 1
+	done
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'alternation in pattern' '
-	test_config diff.java.funcname "Beer$" &&
-	test_config diff.java.xfuncname "^[ 	]*((public|static).*)$" &&
-	test_expect_funcname "public static void main("
-'
+# check each individual file
+for i in $(git ls-files)
+do
+	if grep broken "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
+	then
+		result=failure
+	else
+		result=success
+	fi
+	test_expect_$result "hunk header: $i" "
+		test_when_finished 'cat actual' &&	# for debugging only
+		git diff -U1 $i >actual &&
+		grep '@@ .* @@.*RIGHT' actual
+	"
+done
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4018/README b/t/t4018/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..283e01cca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/README
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+How to write RIGHT test cases
+=============================
+
+Insert the word "ChangeMe" (exactly this form) at a distance of
+at least two lines from the line that must appear in the hunk header.
+
+The text that must appear in the hunk header must contain the word
+"right", but in all upper-case, like in the title above.
+
+To mark a test case that highlights a malfunction, insert the word
+BROKEN in all lower-case somewhere in the file.
+
+This text is a bit twisted and out of order, but it is itself a
+test case for the default hunk header pattern. Know what you are doing
+if you change it.
+
+BTW, this tests that the head line goes to the hunk header, not the line
+of equal signs.
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-c++-function b/t/t4018/cpp-c++-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ee6bbef55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-c++-function
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Item RIGHT::DoSomething( Args with_spaces )
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec4f115c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Item::Item(int RIGHT)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor-mem-init b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor-mem-init
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49a69f37e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-constructor-mem-init
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Item::Item(int RIGHT) :
+	member(0)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..11b61da3b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+class RIGHT
+{
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition-derived b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition-derived
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3b98cd09ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-definition-derived
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class RIGHT :
+	public Baseclass
+{
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-class-destructor b/t/t4018/cpp-class-destructor
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5487665096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-class-destructor
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+RIGHT::~RIGHT()
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-global-type b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-global-type
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1084d5990e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-global-type
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+::Item get::it::RIGHT()
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-nested b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-nested
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9750aa61a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-nested
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+get::Item get::it::RIGHT()
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
+
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-pointer b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-pointer
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef15657ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-pointer
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+const char *get_it_RIGHT(char *ptr)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-reference b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-reference
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01b051df70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-function-returning-reference
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+string& get::it::RIGHT(char *ptr)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-gnu-style-function b/t/t4018/cpp-gnu-style-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..08c7c7565a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-gnu-style-function
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+const char *
+RIGHT(int arg)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-namespace-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-namespace-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6749980241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-namespace-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+namespace RIGHT
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-operator-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-operator-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1acd827159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-operator-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Value operator+(Value LEFT, Value RIGHT)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-skip-access-specifiers b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-access-specifiers
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d4a9dbb9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-access-specifiers
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+class RIGHT : public Baseclass
+{
+public:
+protected:
+private:
+	void DoSomething();
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-skip-comment-block b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-comment-block
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3800b9967a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-comment-block
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+struct item RIGHT(int i)
+// Do not
+// pick up
+/* these
+** comments.
+*/
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-skip-labels b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-labels
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b9c10aba22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-skip-labels
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+void RIGHT (void)
+{
+repeat:		// C++ comment
+next:		/* C comment */
+	do_something();
+
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-struct-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..521c59fd15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+struct RIGHT {
+	unsigned
+	/* this bit field looks like a label and should not be picked up */
+		decoy_bitfield: 2,
+		more : 1;
+	int filler;
+
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-struct-single-line b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-single-line
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0de5fb800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-struct-single-line
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+void wrong()
+{
+}
+
+struct RIGHT_iterator_tag {};
+
+int ChangeMe;
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-template-function-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-template-function-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cdf5ba5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-template-function-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+template<class T> int RIGHT(T arg)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-union-definition b/t/t4018/cpp-union-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ec94df697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-union-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+union RIGHT {
+	double v;
+	int ChangeMe;
+};
diff --git a/t/t4018/cpp-void-c-function b/t/t4018/cpp-void-c-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..153081e872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/cpp-void-c-function
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+void RIGHT (void)
+{
+	ChangeMe;
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/custom1-pattern b/t/t4018/custom1-pattern
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e8fd59f884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/custom1-pattern
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+public class Beer
+{
+	int special, RIGHT;
+	public static void main(String args[])
+	{
+		String s=" ";
+		for(int x = 99; x > 0; x--)
+		{
+			System.out.print(x + " bottles of beer on the wall "
+				+ x + " bottles of beer\n" // ChangeMe
+				+ "Take one down, pass it around, " + (x - 1)
+				+ " bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+		}
+		System.out.print("Go to the store, buy some more,\n"
+			+ "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/custom2-match-to-end-of-line b/t/t4018/custom2-match-to-end-of-line
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f88ac318b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/custom2-match-to-end-of-line
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+public class RIGHT_Beer
+{
+	int special;
+	public static void main(String args[])
+	{
+		System.out.print("ChangeMe");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/custom3-alternation-in-pattern b/t/t4018/custom3-alternation-in-pattern
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f3769c64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/custom3-alternation-in-pattern
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+public class Beer
+{
+	int special;
+	public static void main(String RIGHT[])
+	{
+		String s=" ";
+		for(int x = 99; x > 0; x--)
+		{
+			System.out.print(x + " bottles of beer on the wall "
+				+ x + " bottles of beer\n" // ChangeMe
+				+ "Take one down, pass it around, " + (x - 1)
+				+ " bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+		}
+		System.out.print("Go to the store, buy some more,\n"
+			+ "99 bottles of beer on the wall.\n");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/java-class-member-function b/t/t4018/java-class-member-function
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..298bc7a71b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/java-class-member-function
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+public class Beer
+{
+	int special;
+	public static void main(String RIGHT[])
+	{
+		System.out.print("ChangeMe");
+	}
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-skip-end-of-heredoc b/t/t4018/perl-skip-end-of-heredoc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c22d39b256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-skip-end-of-heredoc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+sub RIGHTwithheredocument {
+	print <<"EOF"
+decoy here-doc
+EOF
+	# some lines of context
+	# to pad it out
+	print "ChangeMe\n";
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-skip-forward-decl b/t/t4018/perl-skip-forward-decl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a98cb8bdad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-skip-forward-decl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package RIGHT;
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use parent qw(Exporter);
+our @EXPORT_OK = qw(round finalround);
+
+sub other; # forward declaration
+
+# ChangeMe
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-skip-sub-in-pod b/t/t4018/perl-skip-sub-in-pod
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e39f02462e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-skip-sub-in-pod
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+=head1 NAME
+
+Beer - subroutine to output fragment of a drinking song
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS_RIGHT
+
+	use Beer qw(round finalround);
+
+	sub song {
+		for (my $i = 99; $i > 0; $i--) {
+			round $i;
+		}
+		finalround;
+	}
+
+	ChangeMe;
+
+=cut
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a507d1f645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+sub RIGHT {
+	my ($n) = @_;
+	print "ChangeMe";
+}
diff --git a/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition-kr-brace b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition-kr-brace
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..330b3df114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4018/perl-sub-definition-kr-brace
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+sub RIGHT
+{
+	print "ChangeMe\n";
+}
diff --git a/t/t4020-diff-external.sh b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
index 083f62d1d6..044620186d 100755
--- a/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
+++ b/t/t4020-diff-external.sh
@@ -48,7 +48,53 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF environment and --no-ext-diff' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'typechange diff' '
+	rm -f file &&
+	ln -s elif file &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff  | {
+		read path oldfile oldhex oldmode newfile newhex newmode &&
+		test "z$path" = zfile &&
+		test "z$oldmode" = z100644 &&
+		test "z$newhex" = "z$_z40" &&
+		test "z$newmode" = z120000 &&
+		oh=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:file) &&
+		test "z$oh" = "z$oldhex"
+	} &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff --no-ext-diff >actual &&
+	git diff >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.external' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo third >file &&
+	test_config diff.external echo &&
+	git diff | {
+		read path oldfile oldhex oldmode newfile newhex newmode &&
+		test "z$path" = zfile &&
+		test "z$oldmode" = z100644 &&
+		test "z$newhex" = "z$_z40" &&
+		test "z$newmode" = z100644 &&
+		oh=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:file) &&
+		test "z$oh" = "z$oldhex"
+	}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.external should apply only to diff' '
+	test_config diff.external echo &&
+	git log -p -1 HEAD |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.external and --no-ext-diff' '
+	test_config diff.external echo &&
+	git diff --no-ext-diff |
+	grep "^diff --git a/file b/file"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'diff attribute' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo third >file &&
 
 	git config diff.parrot.command echo &&
 
@@ -113,6 +159,19 @@ test_expect_success 'diff attribute and --no-ext-diff' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF trumps diff.external' '
+	>.gitattributes &&
+	test_config diff.external "echo ext-global" &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF="echo ext-env" git diff | grep ext-env
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'attributes trump GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF and diff.external' '
+	test_config diff.foo.command "echo ext-attribute" &&
+	test_config diff.external "echo ext-global" &&
+	echo "file diff=foo" >.gitattributes &&
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF="echo ext-env" git diff | grep ext-attribute
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'no diff with -diff' '
 	echo >.gitattributes "file -diff" &&
 	git diff | grep Binary
@@ -134,6 +193,19 @@ test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF with more than one changed files' '
 	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=echo git diff
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF path counter/total' '
+	write_script external-diff.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	echo $GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER of $GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL >>counter.txt
+	EOF
+	>counter.txt &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	1 of 2
+	2 of 2
+	EOF
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./external-diff.sh git diff &&
+	test_cmp expect counter.txt
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF generates pretty paths' '
 	touch file.ext &&
 	git add file.ext &&
@@ -154,12 +226,13 @@ keep_only_cr () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'external diff with autocrlf = true' '
-	git config core.autocrlf true &&
+	test_config core.autocrlf true &&
 	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./fake-diff.sh git diff &&
 	test $(wc -l < crlfed.txt) = $(cat crlfed.txt | keep_only_cr | wc -c)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'diff --cached' '
+	test_config core.autocrlf true &&
 	git add file &&
 	git update-index --assume-unchanged file &&
 	echo second >file &&
@@ -167,4 +240,31 @@ test_expect_success 'diff --cached' '
 	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4020/diff.NUL actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clean up crlf leftovers' '
+	git update-index --no-assume-unchanged file &&
+	rm -f file* &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule diff' '
+	git init sub &&
+	( cd sub && test_commit sub1 ) &&
+	git add sub &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "add submodule" &&
+	( cd sub && test_commit sub2 ) &&
+	write_script gather_pre_post.sh <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "$1 $4" # path, mode
+	cat "$2" # old file
+	cat "$5" # new file
+	EOF
+	GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF=./gather_pre_post.sh git diff >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	sub 160000
+	Subproject commit $(git rev-parse HEAD:sub)
+	Subproject commit $(cd sub && git rev-parse HEAD)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh b/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
index c00a94b9ba..cb51d9f9d4 100755
--- a/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
+++ b/t/t4022-diff-rewrite.sh
@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 test_expect_success 'detect rewrite' '
 
 	actual=$(git diff-files -B --summary test) &&
-	expr "$actual" : " rewrite test ([0-9]*%)$" || {
-		echo "Eh? <<$actual>>"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose expr "$actual" : " rewrite test ([0-9]*%)$"
 
 '
 
@@ -66,5 +63,35 @@ test_expect_success 'suppress deletion diff with -B -D' '
 	grep -v "Linus Torvalds" actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prepare a file that ends with an incomplete line' '
+	test_seq 1 99 >seq &&
+	printf 100 >>seq &&
+	git add seq &&
+	git commit seq -m seq
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rewrite the middle 90% of sequence file and terminate with newline' '
+	test_seq 1 5 >seq &&
+	test_seq 9331 9420 >>seq &&
+	test_seq 96 100 >>seq
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'confirm that sequence file is considered a rewrite' '
+	git diff -B seq >res &&
+	grep "dissimilarity index" res
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no newline at eof is on its own line without -B' '
+	git diff seq >res &&
+	grep "^\\\\ " res &&
+	! grep "^..*\\\\ " res
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no newline at eof is on its own line with -B' '
+	git diff -B seq >res &&
+	grep "^\\\\ " res &&
+	! grep "^..*\\\\ " res
+'
+
 test_done
 
diff --git a/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
index 5d20acf436..8c9823765e 100755
--- a/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
+++ b/t/t4023-diff-rename-typechange.sh
@@ -4,44 +4,44 @@ test_description='typechange rename detection'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
-	ln -s linklink bar &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink bar &&
+	git add foo &&
 	git commit -a -m Initial &&
 	git tag one &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >bar &&
-	ln -s linklink foo &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink foo &&
+	git add bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Second &&
 	git tag two &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	git commit -a -m Third &&
 	git tag three &&
 
 	mv foo bar &&
-	ln -s linklink foo &&
-	git add foo bar &&
+	test_ln_s_add linklink foo &&
+	git add bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Fourth &&
 	git tag four &&
 
 	# This is purely for sanity check
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >foo &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../Makefile >bar &&
 	git add foo bar &&
 	git commit -a -m Fifth &&
 	git tag five &&
 
-	rm -f foo bar &&
+	git rm -f foo bar &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../Makefile >foo &&
 	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/../COPYING >bar &&
 	git add foo bar &&
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
+test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
 
 	git diff-tree five six -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for regular files' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
+test_expect_success 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
 
 	git diff-tree one two -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
@@ -72,11 +72,12 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cross renames to be detected for typechange' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'moves and renames' '
+test_expect_success 'moves and renames' '
 
 	git diff-tree three four -r --name-status -B -M | sort >actual &&
 	{
-		echo "R100	foo	bar"
+		# see -B -M (#6) in t4008
+		echo "C100	foo	bar"
 		echo "T100	foo"
 	} | sort >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh b/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh
index c4d733f5db..7e76018296 100755
--- a/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh
+++ b/t/t4024-diff-optimize-common.sh
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		( printf C; zs $n ) >file-c$n &&
 		( echo D; zs $n ) >file-d$n &&
 
-		expect_pattern $n || break
+		expect_pattern $n || return 1
 
 	done >expect
 '
diff --git a/t/t4026-color.sh b/t/t4026-color.sh
index 3726a0e201..2b32c4fbe6 100755
--- a/t/t4026-color.sh
+++ b/t/t4026-color.sh
@@ -45,14 +45,41 @@ test_expect_success 'fg bg attr...' '
 	color "blue bold dim ul blink reverse" "[1;2;4;5;7;34m"
 '
 
+# note that nobold and nodim are the same code (22)
+test_expect_success 'attr negation' '
+	color "nobold nodim noul noblink noreverse" "[22;24;25;27m"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'long color specification' '
 	color "254 255 bold dim ul blink reverse" "[1;2;4;5;7;38;5;254;48;5;255m"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'absurdly long color specification' '
+	color \
+	  "#ffffff #ffffff bold nobold dim nodim ul noul blink noblink reverse noreverse" \
+	  "[1;2;4;5;7;22;24;25;27;38;2;255;255;255;48;2;255;255;255m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '0-7 are aliases for basic ANSI color names' '
+	color "0 7" "[30;47m"
+'
+
 test_expect_success '256 colors' '
 	color "254 bold 255" "[1;38;5;254;48;5;255m"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '24-bit colors' '
+	color "#ff00ff black" "[38;2;255;0;255;40m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"normal" yields no color at all"' '
+	color "normal black" "[40m"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-1 is a synonym for "normal"' '
+	color "-1 black" "[40m"
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'color too small' '
 	invalid_color "-2"
 '
@@ -84,9 +111,9 @@ test_expect_success 'unknown color slots are ignored (branch)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'unknown color slots are ignored (status)' '
-	git config color.status.nosuchslotwilleverbedefined white || exit
-	git status
-	case $? in 0|1) : ok ;; *) false ;; esac
+	git config color.status.nosuchslotwilleverbedefined white &&
+	{ git status; ret=$?; } &&
+	case $ret in 0|1) : ok ;; *) false ;; esac
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
index 4ac162cfcf..aad6c7f78d 100755
--- a/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t4030-diff-textconv.sh
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ EOF
 
 cat >hexdump <<'EOF'
 #!/bin/sh
-perl -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
+"$PERL_PATH" -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
 EOF
 chmod +x hexdump
 
@@ -58,6 +58,12 @@ test_expect_success 'diff produces text' '
 	test_cmp expect.text actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show commit produces text' '
+	git show HEAD >diff &&
+	find_diff <diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect.text actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'diff-tree produces binary' '
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD^ HEAD >diff &&
 	find_diff <diff >actual &&
@@ -84,14 +90,60 @@ test_expect_success 'status -v produces text' '
 	git reset --soft HEAD@{1}
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'show blob produces binary' '
+	git show HEAD:file >actual &&
+	printf "\\0\\n\\01\\n" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show --textconv blob produces text' '
+	git show --textconv HEAD:file >actual &&
+	printf "0\\n1\\n" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show --no-textconv blob produces binary' '
+	git show --no-textconv HEAD:file >actual &&
+	printf "\\0\\n\\01\\n" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep-diff (-G) operates on textconv data (add)' '
+	echo one >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -G0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep-diff (-G) operates on textconv data (modification)' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -G1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pickaxe (-S) operates on textconv data (add)' '
+	echo one >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -S0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pickaxe (-S) operates on textconv data (modification)' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	git log --root --format=%s -S1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat >expect.stat <<'EOF'
- file |  Bin 2 -> 4 bytes
+ file | Bin 2 -> 4 bytes
  1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'diffstat does not run textconv' '
 	echo file diff=fail >.gitattributes &&
 	git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect.stat actual
+	test_i18ncmp expect.stat actual &&
+
+	head -n1 <expect.stat >expect.line1 &&
+	head -n1 <actual >actual.line1 &&
+	test_cmp expect.line1 actual.line1
 '
 # restore working setup
 echo file diff=foo >.gitattributes
@@ -111,12 +163,10 @@ index 0000000..67be421
 +frotz
 \ No newline at end of file
 EOF
-# make a symlink the hard way that works on symlink-challenged file systems
+
 test_expect_success 'textconv does not act on symlinks' '
-	printf frotz > file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git ls-files -s | sed -e s/100644/120000/ |
-		git update-index --index-info &&
+	rm -f file &&
+	test_ln_s_add frotz file &&
 	git commit -m typechange &&
 	git show >diff &&
 	find_diff <diff >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh b/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
index 7d7470f21b..eacc6694f7 100755
--- a/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4031-diff-rewrite-binary.sh
@@ -44,17 +44,23 @@ test_expect_success 'rewrite diff can show binary patch' '
 	grep "GIT binary patch" diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rewrite diff --stat shows binary changes' '
+test_expect_success 'rewrite diff --numstat shows binary changes' '
+	git diff -B --numstat --summary >diff &&
+	grep -e "-	-	" diff &&
+	grep " rewrite file" diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --stat counts binary rewrite as 0 lines' '
 	git diff -B --stat --summary >diff &&
 	grep "Bin" diff &&
-	grep "0 insertions.*0 deletions" diff &&
+	test_i18ngrep "0 insertions.*0 deletions" diff &&
 	grep " rewrite file" diff
 '
 
 {
 	echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
 	cat <<'EOF'
-perl -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
+"$PERL_PATH" -e '$/ = undef; $_ = <>; s/./ord($&)/ge; print $_' < "$1"
 EOF
 } >dump
 chmod +x dump
diff --git a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
index 5c2012111c..f2f55fc51c 100755
--- a/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
+++ b/t/t4034-diff-words.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='word diff colors'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
 cat >pre.simple <<-\EOF
 	h(4)
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ test_expect_success '.gitattributes override config' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup: remove diff driver regex' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.testdriver.wordRegex
+	test_unconfig diff.testdriver.wordRegex
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'use configured regex' '
@@ -293,6 +294,11 @@ test_expect_success '--word-diff=none' '
 	word_diff --word-diff=plain --word-diff=none
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'unset default driver' '
+	test_unconfig diff.wordregex
+'
+
+test_language_driver ada
 test_language_driver bibtex
 test_language_driver cpp
 test_language_driver csharp
@@ -329,8 +335,7 @@ test_expect_success 'word-diff with diff.sbe' '
 
 	c
 	EOF
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset diff.suppress-blank-empty" &&
-	git config diff.suppress-blank-empty true &&
+	test_config diff.suppress-blank-empty true &&
 	word_diff --word-diff=plain
 '
 
@@ -348,4 +353,35 @@ test_expect_success 'word-diff with no newline at EOF' '
 	word_diff --word-diff=plain
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup history with two files' '
+	echo "a b; c" >a.tex &&
+	echo "a b; c" >z.txt &&
+	git add a.tex z.txt &&
+	git commit -minitial &&
+
+	# modify both
+	echo "a bx; c" >a.tex &&
+	echo "a bx; c" >z.txt &&
+	git commit -mmodified -a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wordRegex for the first file does not apply to the second' '
+	echo "*.tex diff=tex" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_config diff.tex.wordRegex "[a-z]+|." &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+		diff --git a/a.tex b/a.tex
+		--- a/a.tex
+		+++ b/a.tex
+		@@ -1 +1 @@
+		a [-b-]{+bx+}; c
+		diff --git a/z.txt b/z.txt
+		--- a/z.txt
+		+++ b/z.txt
+		@@ -1 +1 @@
+		a [-b;-]{+bx;+} c
+	EOF
+	git diff --word-diff HEAD~ >actual &&
+	compare_diff_patch expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4034/ada/expect b/t/t4034/ada/expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a682d288b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/ada/expect
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<BOLD>diff --git a/pre b/post<RESET>
+<BOLD>index d96fdd1..df21bb0 100644<RESET>
+<BOLD>--- a/pre<RESET>
+<BOLD>+++ b/post<RESET>
+<CYAN>@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@<RESET>
+Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello World<RED>!<RESET><GREEN>?<RESET>");
+1 <RED>1e-10<RESET><GREEN>1e10<RESET> 16#FE12#E2 3.141_592 '<RED>x<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>'
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>x<RESET>+<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>-<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>*<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>/<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>**<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>(<RED>b<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>)
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>x<RESET>:=<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>=<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>/= <RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET><<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET><=<RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>><RED>b a<RESET><GREEN>y x<RESET>>=<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>,<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>=><RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET>..<RED>b<RESET>
+<RED>a<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
+<GREEN>x<RESET><><RED>b<RESET><GREEN>y<RESET>
diff --git a/t/t4034/ada/post b/t/t4034/ada/post
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df21bb044f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/ada/post
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello World?");
+1 1e10 16#FE12#E2 3.141_592 'y'
+x+y x-y
+x*y x/y
+x**y
+x(y)
+x:=y
+x=y x/= y
+x<y x<=y x>y x>=y
+x,y
+x=>y
+x..y
+x<>y
diff --git a/t/t4034/ada/pre b/t/t4034/ada/pre
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d96fdd1e8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4034/ada/pre
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello World!");
+1 1e-10 16#FE12#E2 3.141_592 'x'
+a+b a-b
+a*b a/b
+a**b
+a(b)
+a:=b
+a=b a/= b
+a<b a<=b a>b a>=b
+a,b
+a=>b
+a..b
+a<>b
diff --git a/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh b/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
index e747e84227..461f4bb583 100755
--- a/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
+++ b/t/t4035-diff-quiet.sh
@@ -10,71 +10,146 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git commit -m first &&
 	echo 2 >b &&
 	git add . &&
-	git commit -a -m second
+	git commit -a -m second &&
+	mkdir -p test-outside/repo && (
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "1 1" >a &&
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -m 1
+	) &&
+	mkdir -p test-outside/non/git && (
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		echo "1 1" >a &&
+		echo "1 1" >matching-file &&
+		echo "1 1 " >trailing-space &&
+		echo "1   1" >extra-space &&
+		echo "2" >never-match
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD' '
-	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD >cnt
-	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD -- a' '
-	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD -- a >cnt
-	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 0 git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD -- a >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
-	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt
-	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --quiet HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 # this diff outputs one line: sha1 of the given head
 test_expect_success 'echo HEAD | git diff-tree --stdin' '
-	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) | git diff-tree --quiet --stdin >cnt
-	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 1
+	echo $(git rev-parse HEAD) |
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --quiet --stdin >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 1 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree HEAD HEAD' '
-	git diff-tree --quiet HEAD HEAD >cnt
-	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 0 git diff-tree --quiet HEAD HEAD >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
-	git diff-files --quiet >cnt
-	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 0 git diff-files --quiet >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD' '
-	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD >cnt
-	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 0 git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD^' '
-	git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD^ >cnt
-	test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD^ >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD^' '
 	echo text >>b &&
 	echo 3 >c &&
-	git add . && {
-		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD^ >cnt
-		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
-	}
+	git add . &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD^ >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
-	git commit -m "text in b" && {
-		git diff-tree --quiet -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt
-		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
-	}
+	git commit -m "text in b" &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-tree --quiet -Stext HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-tree -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b' '
-	git diff-tree --quiet -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt
-	test $? = 0 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
+	test_expect_code 0 git diff-tree --quiet -Snot-found HEAD^ HEAD -- b >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
 test_expect_success 'git diff-files' '
-	echo 3 >>c && {
-		git diff-files --quiet >cnt
-		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
-	}
+	echo 3 >>c &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-files --quiet >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
 '
+
 test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached HEAD' '
-	git update-index c && {
-		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD >cnt
-		test $? = 1 && test $(wc -l <cnt) = 0
-	}
+	git update-index c &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 0 cnt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff, one file outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet a ../non/git/matching-file &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet a ../non/git/extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff, both files outside repo' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/test-outside" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet a matching-file &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet a extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-space-at-eol, one file outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a ../non/git/trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a ../non/git/extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-space-at-eol, both files outside repo' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/test-outside" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-space-at-eol a extra-space
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-all-space, one file outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd test-outside/repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a ../non/git/trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a ../non/git/extra-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a ../non/git/never-match
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --ignore-all-space, both files outside repo' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/test-outside" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd test-outside/non/git &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a trailing-space &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a extra-space &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet --ignore-all-space a never-match
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --quiet ignores stat-change only entries' '
+	test-chmtime +10 a &&
+	echo modified >>b &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff --quiet
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh b/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh
index ba43f18549..98d9713d8b 100755
--- a/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh
+++ b/t/t4036-format-patch-signer-mime.sh
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ test_expect_success 'attach and signoff do not duplicate mime headers' '
 
 	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="はまの ふにおう" \
 	git format-patch -s --stdout -1 --attach >output &&
-	test `grep -ci ^MIME-Version: output` = 1
+	test $(grep -ci ^MIME-Version: output) = 1
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
index 40277c77aa..0b4f7dfdc6 100755
--- a/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
+++ b/t/t4038-diff-combined.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='combined diff'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/diff-lib.sh
 
 setup_helper () {
 	one=$1 branch=$2 side=$3 &&
@@ -89,4 +90,349 @@ test_expect_success 'diagnose truncated file' '
 	grep "diff --cc file" out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup for --cc --raw' '
+	blob=$(echo file | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+	base_tree=$(echo "100644 blob $blob	file" | git mktree) &&
+	trees= &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 40)
+	do
+		blob=$(echo file$i | git hash-object --stdin -w) &&
+		trees="$trees$(echo "100644 blob $blob	file" | git mktree)$LF"
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check --cc --raw with four trees' '
+	four_trees=$(echo "$trees" | sed -e 4q) &&
+	git diff --cc --raw $four_trees $base_tree >out &&
+	# Check for four leading colons in the output:
+	grep "^::::[^:]" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check --cc --raw with forty trees' '
+	git diff --cc --raw $trees $base_tree >out &&
+	# Check for forty leading colons in the output:
+	grep "^::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::[^:]" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup combined ignore spaces' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	always coalesce
+	eol space coalesce Q
+	space  change coalesce
+	all spa ces coalesce
+	eol spaces Q
+	space  change
+	all spa ces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "test space change" -a &&
+
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^ &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	always coalesce
+	eol space coalesce
+	space change coalesce
+	all spaces coalesce
+	eol spaces
+	space change
+	all spaces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m "test other space changes" -a &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >test &&
+	eol spaces Q
+	space  change
+	all spa ces
+	EOF
+	git commit -m merged -a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (no ignore space)' '
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	- eol space coalesce
+	- space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	- eol spaces
+	- space change
+	- all spaces
+	 -eol space coalesce Q
+	 -space  change coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	+ eol spaces Q
+	+ space  change
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore space at eol)' '
+	git show --ignore-space-at-eol >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	- space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	 -space  change coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	- space change
+	- all spaces
+	+ space  change
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore space change)' '
+	git show -b >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	--space change coalesce
+	- all spaces coalesce
+	 -all spa ces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	  space  change
+	- all spaces
+	+ all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check combined output (ignore all spaces)' '
+	git show -w >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--always coalesce
+	--eol space coalesce
+	--space change coalesce
+	--all spaces coalesce
+	  eol spaces Q
+	  space  change
+	  all spa ces
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff coalesce simple' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	test_seq 4 >test &&
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git branch side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	test_seq 5 >test &&
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side1 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	--1
+	--2
+	--3
+	--4
+	- 5
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff coalesce tricky' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git branch -f side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	3
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side1 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	 -3
+	--1
+	 -2
+	--3
+	- 5
+	--4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual &&
+	git checkout -f side1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side2 &&
+	>test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git show >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	- 3
+	--1
+	- 2
+	--3
+	 -5
+	--4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'combine diff coalesce three parents' '
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty1 &&
+	git checkout -B side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	3
+	7
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	3
+	1
+	6
+	5
+	4
+	EOF
+	git commit -a -m empty3 &&
+	>test &&
+	git add test &&
+	TREE=$(git write-tree) &&
+	COMMIT=$(git commit-tree -p HEAD -p side1 -p side2 -m merge $TREE) &&
+	git show $COMMIT >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	-- 3
+	---1
+	-  6
+	 - 2
+	 --3
+	  -7
+	- -5
+	---4
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+# Test for a bug reported at
+# http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.version-control.git/224410
+# where a delete lines were missing from combined diff output when they
+# occurred exactly before the context lines of a later change.
+test_expect_success 'combine diff missing delete bug' '
+	git commit -m initial --allow-empty &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -a -m side1 &&
+	git checkout -B side1 &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	0
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4modified
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -m side2 &&
+	git branch -f side2 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side1 &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >test &&
+	1
+	2
+	3
+	4modified
+	EOF
+	git add test &&
+	git commit -a -m merge &&
+	git diff-tree -c -p HEAD >actual.tmp &&
+	sed -e "1,/^@@@/d" < actual.tmp >actual &&
+	tr -d Q <<-\EOF >expected &&
+	- 0
+	  1
+	  2
+	  3
+	 -4
+	 +4modified
+	EOF
+	compare_diff_patch expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'combine diff gets tree sorting right' '
+	# create a directory and a file that sort differently in trees
+	# versus byte-wise (implied "/" sorts after ".")
+	git checkout -f master &&
+	mkdir foo &&
+	echo base >foo/one &&
+	echo base >foo/two &&
+	echo base >foo.ext &&
+	git add foo foo.ext &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+
+	# one side modifies a file in the directory, along with the root
+	# file...
+	echo master >foo/one &&
+	echo master >foo.ext &&
+	git commit -a -m master &&
+
+	# the other side modifies the other file in the directory
+	git checkout -b other HEAD^ &&
+	echo other >foo/two &&
+	git commit -a -m other &&
+
+	# And now we merge. The files in the subdirectory will resolve cleanly,
+	# meaning that a combined diff will not find them interesting. But it
+	# will find the tree itself interesting, because it had to be merged.
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge other &&
+
+	printf "MM\tfoo\n" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree -c --name-status -t HEAD >actual.tmp &&
+	sed 1d <actual.tmp >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh b/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh
index 9d9498bd95..23c0e357a7 100755
--- a/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh
+++ b/t/t4039-diff-assume-unchanged.sh
@@ -28,4 +28,15 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-files does not examine assume-unchanged entries' '
 	test -z "$(git diff-files -- one)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM 'find-copies-harder is not confused by mode bits' '
+	echo content >exec &&
+	chmod +x exec &&
+	git add exec &&
+	git commit -m exec &&
+	git update-index --assume-unchanged exec &&
+	>expect &&
+	git diff-files --find-copies-harder -- exec >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
index bf9a7526bd..2d9731b52d 100755
--- a/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
+++ b/t/t4041-diff-submodule-option.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2009 Jens Lehmann, based on t7401 by Ping Yin
+# Copyright (c) 2011 Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
 #
 
 test_description='Support for verbose submodule differences in git diff
@@ -10,19 +11,28 @@ This test tries to verify the sanity of the --submodule option of git diff.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+# Tested non-UTF-8 encoding
+test_encoding="ISO8859-1"
+
+# String "added" in German (translated with Google Translate), encoded in UTF-8,
+# used in sample commit log messages in add_file() function below.
+added=$(printf "hinzugef\303\274gt")
 add_file () {
-	sm=$1
-	shift
-	owd=$(pwd)
-	cd "$sm"
-	for name; do
-		echo "$name" > "$name" &&
-		git add "$name" &&
-		test_tick &&
-		git commit -m "Add $name"
-	done >/dev/null
-	git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7
-	cd "$owd"
+	(
+		cd "$1" &&
+		shift &&
+		for name
+		do
+			echo "$name" >"$name" &&
+			git add "$name" &&
+			test_tick &&
+			# "git commit -m" would break MinGW, as Windows refuse to pass
+			# $test_encoding encoded parameter to git.
+			echo "Add $name ($added $name)" | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding |
+			git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=$test_encoding" commit -F -
+		done >/dev/null &&
+		git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD
+	)
 }
 commit_file () {
 	test_tick &&
@@ -33,92 +43,133 @@ test_create_repo sm1 &&
 add_file . foo >/dev/null
 
 head1=$(add_file sm1 foo1 foo2)
+fullhead1=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 
-test_expect_success 'added submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'added submodule' '
 	git add sm1 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule, set diff.submodule' '
+	git config diff.submodule log &&
+	git add sm1 &&
+	git diff --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head1 (new submodule)
+	EOF
+	git config --unset diff.submodule &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--submodule=short overrides diff.submodule' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	git add sm1 &&
+	git diff --submodule=short --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head1
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule does not affect plumbing' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	git diff-index -p HEAD >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head1
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head2=$(add_file sm1 foo3)
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward)' '
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule' '
 	git diff --submodule >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
-  > Add foo3
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head1..$head2:
+	  > Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-fullhead1=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head1)
-fullhead2=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head2)
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule=short' "
+fullhead2=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(forward) --submodule=short' '
 	git diff --submodule=short >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-index $head1..$head2 160000
---- a/sm1
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--Subproject commit $fullhead1
-+Subproject commit $fullhead2
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	index $head1..$head2 160000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-Subproject commit $fullhead1
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead2
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head3=$(
 	cd sm1 &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD~2 >/dev/null &&
-	git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7
+	git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD
 )
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
-  < Add foo3
-  < Add foo2
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head2..$head3 (rewind):
+	  < Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	  < Add foo2 ($added foo2)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
-head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
+head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5)
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
-  > Add foo5
-  > Add foo4
-  < Add foo3
-  < Add foo2
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head2...$head4:
+	  > Add foo5 ($added foo5)
+	  > Add foo4 ($added foo4)
+	  < Add foo3 ($added foo3)
+	  < Add foo2 ($added foo2)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 mv sm1 sm1-bak &&
@@ -128,319 +179,319 @@ git add sm1 &&
 rm -f sm1 &&
 mv sm1-bak sm1
 
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' '
 	git diff --submodule=log --cached >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 41fbea9...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..9da5fb8
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+sm1
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$head5
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+sm1
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' '
 	git diff --submodule=log >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 100644
-index 9da5fb8..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--sm1
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head4 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index $head5..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-sm1
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head4 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -rf sm1 &&
 git checkout-index sm1
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-new file mode 100644
-index 0000000..$head5
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm1
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+sm1
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..$head5
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+sm1
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -f sm1 &&
 test_create_repo sm1 &&
 head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
-fullhead6=$(cd sm1; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head6)
-test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
+fullhead6=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head4...$head6 (commits not present)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head4...$head6 (commits not present)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file
-test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
+test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 100644
-index $head5..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--sm1
-Submodule sm1 0000000...$head6 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index $head5..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-sm1
+	Submodule sm1 0000000...$head6 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
-test_expect_success 'submodule is up to date' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule is up to date' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-EOF
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content' '
 	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=all --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' '
 	echo new > sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule contains modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'submodule contains modifed content' '
 	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 (cd sm1; git commit -mchange foo6 >/dev/null) &&
-head8=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --verify HEAD | cut -c1-7) &&
-test_expect_success 'submodule is modified' "
+head8=$(cd sm1; git rev-parse --short --verify HEAD) &&
+test_expect_success 'submodule is modified' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content' '
 	echo new > sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (untracked ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (dirty ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked content (all ignored)' '
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=all --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains untracked content
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (untracked ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=untracked --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (dirty ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules=dirty --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains untracked and modifed content (all ignored)' '
 	echo modification >> sm1/foo6 &&
 	git diff-index -p --ignore-submodules --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	! test -s actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains modifed content' "
+test_expect_success 'modified submodule contains modifed content' '
 	rm -f sm1/new-file &&
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 contains modified content
-Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
-  > change
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 contains modified content
+	Submodule sm1 $head6..$head8:
+	  > change
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 rm -rf sm1
-test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 test_create_repo sm2 &&
 head7=$(add_file sm2 foo8 foo9) &&
 git add sm2
 
-test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
+test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'path filter' "
+test_expect_success 'path filter' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD sm2 >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
 commit_file sm2
-test_expect_success 'given commit' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=log HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+'
 
-fullhead7=$(cd sm2; git rev-list --max-count=1 $head7)
+fullhead7=$(cd sm2; git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 
-test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule=short' "
+test_expect_success 'given commit --submodule=short' '
 	git diff-index -p --submodule=short HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
-deleted file mode 160000
-index $head6..0000000
---- a/sm1
-+++ /dev/null
-@@ -1 +0,0 @@
--Subproject commit $fullhead6
-diff --git a/sm2 b/sm2
-new file mode 160000
-index 0000000..$head7
---- /dev/null
-+++ b/sm2
-@@ -0,0 +1 @@
-+Subproject commit $fullhead7
-EOF
-	test_cmp expected actual
-"
+	diff --git a/sm1 b/sm1
+	deleted file mode 160000
+	index $head6..0000000
+	--- a/sm1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-Subproject commit $fullhead6
+	diff --git a/sm2 b/sm2
+	new file mode 160000
+	index 0000000..$head7
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/sm2
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+Subproject commit $fullhead7
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup .git file for sm2' '
 	(cd sm2 &&
@@ -452,9 +503,45 @@ test_expect_success 'setup .git file for sm2' '
 test_expect_success 'diff --submodule with .git file' '
 	git diff --submodule HEAD^ >actual &&
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
-Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
-Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
-EOF
+	Submodule sm1 $head6...0000000 (submodule deleted)
+	Submodule sm2 0000000...$head7 (new submodule)
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff --submodule with objects referenced by alternates' '
+	mkdir sub_alt &&
+	(cd sub_alt &&
+		git init &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		git add a &&
+		git commit -m a
+	) &&
+	mkdir super &&
+	(cd super &&
+		git clone -s ../sub_alt sub &&
+		git init &&
+		git add sub &&
+		git commit -m "sub a"
+	) &&
+	(cd sub_alt &&
+		sha1_before=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+		echo b >b &&
+		git add b &&
+		git commit -m b &&
+		sha1_after=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+		{
+			echo "Submodule sub $sha1_before..$sha1_after:" &&
+			echo "  > b"
+		} >../expected
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+		(cd sub &&
+			git fetch &&
+			git checkout origin/master
+		) &&
+		git diff --submodule > ../actual
+	) &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh b/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
index 91f8198f05..04a44d5c61 100755
--- a/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
+++ b/t/t4042-diff-textconv-caching.sh
@@ -106,4 +106,12 @@ test_expect_success 'switching diff driver produces correct results' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+# The point here is to test that we can log the notes cache and still use it to
+# produce a diff later (older versions of git would segfault on this). It's
+# much more likely to come up in the real world with "log --all -p", but using
+# --no-walk lets us reliably reproduce the order of traversal.
+test_expect_success 'log notes cache and still use cache for -p' '
+	git log --no-walk -p refs/notes/textconv/magic HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4043-diff-rename-binary.sh b/t/t4043-diff-rename-binary.sh
index 06012811a1..2a2cf91352 100755
--- a/t/t4043-diff-rename-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4043-diff-rename-binary.sh
@@ -23,9 +23,8 @@ test_expect_success 'move the files into a "sub" directory' '
 '
 
 cat > expected <<\EOF
- bar => sub/bar |  Bin 5 -> 5 bytes
- foo => sub/foo |    0
- 2 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
+-	-	bar => sub/bar
+0	0	foo => sub/foo
 
 diff --git a/bar b/sub/bar
 similarity index 100%
@@ -38,7 +37,8 @@ rename to sub/foo
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'git show -C -C report renames' '
-	git show -C -C --raw --binary --stat | tail -n 12 > current &&
+	git show -C -C --raw --binary --numstat >patch-with-stat &&
+	tail -n 11 patch-with-stat >current &&
 	test_cmp expected current
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4045-diff-relative.sh b/t/t4045-diff-relative.sh
index bd119be106..3950f5034d 100755
--- a/t/t4045-diff-relative.sh
+++ b/t/t4045-diff-relative.sh
@@ -29,15 +29,27 @@ test_expect_success "-p $*" "
 "
 }
 
+check_numstat() {
+expect=$1; shift
+cat >expected <<EOF
+1	0	$expect
+EOF
+test_expect_success "--numstat $*" "
+	echo '1	0	$expect' >expected &&
+	git diff --numstat $* HEAD^ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+}
+
 check_stat() {
 expect=$1; shift
 cat >expected <<EOF
- $expect |    1 +
+ $expect | 1 +
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 EOF
 test_expect_success "--stat $*" "
 	git diff --stat $* HEAD^ >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 "
 }
 
@@ -52,7 +64,7 @@ test_expect_success "--raw $*" "
 "
 }
 
-for type in diff stat raw; do
+for type in diff numstat stat raw; do
 	check_$type file2 --relative=subdir/
 	check_$type file2 --relative=subdir
 	check_$type dir/file2 --relative=sub
diff --git a/t/t4046-diff-unmerged.sh b/t/t4046-diff-unmerged.sh
index 25d50a654a..d0f14475ca 100755
--- a/t/t4046-diff-unmerged.sh
+++ b/t/t4046-diff-unmerged.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	do
 		blob=$(echo $i | git hash-object --stdin) &&
 		eval "blob$i=$blob" &&
-		eval "m$i=\"100644 \$blob$i $i\"" || break
+		eval "m$i=\"100644 \$blob$i $i\"" || return 1
 	done &&
 	paths= &&
 	for b in o x
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 				case "$b" in x) echo "$m1$p" ;; esac &&
 				case "$o" in x) echo "$m2$p" ;; esac &&
 				case "$t" in x) echo "$m3$p" ;; esac ||
-				break
-			done || break
-		done || break
+				return 1
+			done
+		done
 	done >ls-files-s.expect &&
 	git update-index --index-info <ls-files-s.expect &&
 	git ls-files -s >ls-files-s.actual &&
diff --git a/t/t4047-diff-dirstat.sh b/t/t4047-diff-dirstat.sh
index 29e80a58cd..3b8b7921d6 100755
--- a/t/t4047-diff-dirstat.sh
+++ b/t/t4047-diff-dirstat.sh
@@ -252,50 +252,47 @@ EOF
 '
 
 cat <<EOF >expect_diff_stat
- changed/text             |    2 +-
- dst/copy/changed/text    |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/copy/rearranged/text |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/copy/unchanged/text  |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/move/changed/text    |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/move/rearranged/text |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/move/unchanged/text  |   10 ++++++++++
- rearranged/text          |    2 +-
- src/move/changed/text    |   10 ----------
- src/move/rearranged/text |   10 ----------
- src/move/unchanged/text  |   10 ----------
- 11 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
+1	1	changed/text
+10	0	dst/copy/changed/text
+10	0	dst/copy/rearranged/text
+10	0	dst/copy/unchanged/text
+10	0	dst/move/changed/text
+10	0	dst/move/rearranged/text
+10	0	dst/move/unchanged/text
+1	1	rearranged/text
+0	10	src/move/changed/text
+0	10	src/move/rearranged/text
+0	10	src/move/unchanged/text
 EOF
 
 cat <<EOF >expect_diff_stat_M
- changed/text                      |    2 +-
- dst/copy/changed/text             |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/copy/rearranged/text          |   10 ++++++++++
- dst/copy/unchanged/text           |   10 ++++++++++
- {src => dst}/move/changed/text    |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/move/rearranged/text |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/move/unchanged/text  |    0
- rearranged/text                   |    2 +-
- 8 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
+1	1	changed/text
+10	0	dst/copy/changed/text
+10	0	dst/copy/rearranged/text
+10	0	dst/copy/unchanged/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/move/changed/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/move/rearranged/text
+0	0	{src => dst}/move/unchanged/text
+1	1	rearranged/text
 EOF
 
 cat <<EOF >expect_diff_stat_CC
- changed/text                      |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/copy/changed/text    |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/copy/rearranged/text |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/copy/unchanged/text  |    0
- {src => dst}/move/changed/text    |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/move/rearranged/text |    2 +-
- {src => dst}/move/unchanged/text  |    0
- rearranged/text                   |    2 +-
- 8 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'sanity check setup (--stat)' '
-	git diff --stat HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat &&
+1	1	changed/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/copy/changed/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/copy/rearranged/text
+0	0	{src => dst}/copy/unchanged/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/move/changed/text
+1	1	{src => dst}/move/rearranged/text
+0	0	{src => dst}/move/unchanged/text
+1	1	rearranged/text
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'sanity check setup (--numstat)' '
+	git diff --numstat HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat &&
 	test_cmp expect_diff_stat actual_diff_stat &&
-	git diff --stat -M HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat_M &&
+	git diff --numstat -M HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat_M &&
 	test_cmp expect_diff_stat_M actual_diff_stat_M &&
-	git diff --stat -C -C HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat_CC &&
+	git diff --numstat -C -C HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_stat_CC &&
 	test_cmp expect_diff_stat_CC actual_diff_stat_CC
 '
 
@@ -377,7 +374,7 @@ test_expect_success 'later options override earlier options:' '
 	git diff --dirstat=files,10,cumulative,changes,noncumulative,3 -M HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_dirstat_M &&
 	test_cmp expect_diff_dirstat_M actual_diff_dirstat_M &&
 	git diff --dirstat=files,10,cumulative,changes,noncumulative,3 -C -C HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_dirstat_CC &&
-	test_cmp expect_diff_dirstat_CC actual_diff_dirstat_CC
+	test_cmp expect_diff_dirstat_CC actual_diff_dirstat_CC &&
 	git diff --dirstat=files --dirstat=10 --dirstat=cumulative --dirstat=changes --dirstat=noncumulative -X3 HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_dirstat &&
 	test_cmp expect_diff_dirstat actual_diff_dirstat &&
 	git diff --dirstat=files --dirstat=10 --dirstat=cumulative --dirstat=changes --dirstat=noncumulative -X3 -M HEAD^..HEAD >actual_diff_dirstat_M &&
@@ -976,4 +973,18 @@ test_expect_success 'diff.dirstat=future_param,0,lines should warn, but still wo
 	test_i18ngrep -q "diff\\.dirstat" actual_error
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--shortstat --dirstat should output only one dirstat' '
+	git diff --shortstat --dirstat=changes HEAD^..HEAD >out &&
+	grep " dst/copy/changed/$" out >actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_changes &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_changes &&
+
+	git diff --shortstat --dirstat=lines HEAD^..HEAD >out &&
+	grep " dst/copy/changed/$" out >actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_lines &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_lines &&
+
+	git diff --shortstat --dirstat=files HEAD^..HEAD >out &&
+	grep " dst/copy/changed/$" out >actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_files &&
+	test_line_count = 1 actual_diff_shortstat_dirstat_files
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh b/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh
index a6d1887536..a34121740a 100755
--- a/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh
+++ b/t/t4049-diff-stat-count.sh
@@ -4,22 +4,65 @@
 test_description='diff --stat-count'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success setup '
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	>a &&
 	>b &&
 	>c &&
 	>d &&
 	git add a b c d &&
-	chmod +x c d &&
+	git commit -m initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mode-only change show as a 0-line change' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_chmod +x b d &&
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo c >c &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	 a | 1 +
+	 b | 0
+	 ...
+	 4 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
+	EOF
+	git diff --stat --stat-count=2 HEAD >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'binary changes do not count in lines' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo c >c &&
+	cat "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/test-binary-1.png >d &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	 a | 1 +
+	 c | 1 +
+	 ...
+	 3 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
+	EOF
+	git diff --stat --stat-count=2 >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exclude unmerged entries from total file count' '
+	git reset --hard &&
 	echo a >a &&
 	echo b >b &&
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF
-	 a |    1 +
-	 b |    1 +
-	 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
+	git ls-files -s a >x &&
+	git rm -f d &&
+	for stage in 1 2 3
+	do
+		sed -e "s/ 0	a/ $stage	d/" x
+	done |
+	git update-index --index-info &&
+	echo d >d &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	 a | 1 +
+	 b | 1 +
+	 ...
+	 3 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 	EOF
 	git diff --stat --stat-count=2 >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4052-stat-output.sh b/t/t4052-stat-output.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9f563db20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4052-stat-output.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+#
+
+test_description='test --stat output of various commands'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
+
+# 120 character name
+name=aaaaaaaaaa
+name=$name$name$name$name$name$name$name$name$name$name$name$name
+test_expect_success 'preparation' '
+	>"$name" &&
+	git add "$name" &&
+	git commit -m message &&
+	echo a >"$name" &&
+	git commit -m message "$name"
+'
+
+while read cmd args
+do
+	cat >expect <<-'EOF'
+	 ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1 +
+	EOF
+	test_expect_success "$cmd: small change with long name gives more space to the name" '
+		git $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	cat >expect <<-'EOF'
+	 ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1 +
+	EOF
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat=width: a long name is given more room when the bar is short" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat=40 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-width=width with long name" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-width=40 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	cat >expect <<-'EOF'
+	 ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1 +
+	EOF
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat=...,name-width with long name" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat=60,30 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-name-width with long name" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-name-width=30 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+format-patch -1 --stdout
+diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+show --stat
+log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+
+test_expect_success 'preparation for big change tests' '
+	>abcd &&
+	git add abcd &&
+	git commit -m message &&
+	i=0 &&
+	while test $i -lt 1000
+	do
+		echo $i && i=$(($i + 1))
+	done >abcd &&
+	git commit -m message abcd
+'
+
+cat >expect80 <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect80-graph <<'EOF'
+|  abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect200 <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect200-graph <<'EOF'
+|  abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read verb expect cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd $verb COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=200 git $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect" actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --graph $verb COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=200 git $cmd $args --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect-graph" actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+ignores expect80 format-patch -1 --stdout
+respects expect200 diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+respects expect200 show --stat
+respects expect200 log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+cat >expect40 <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect40-graph <<'EOF'
+|  abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read verb expect cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd $verb not enough COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=40 git $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect" actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --graph $verb not enough COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=40 git $cmd $args --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect-graph" actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+ignores expect80 format-patch -1 --stdout
+respects expect40 diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+respects expect40 show --stat
+respects expect40 log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+cat >expect40 <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect40-graph <<'EOF'
+|  abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read verb expect cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd $verb statGraphWidth config" '
+		git -c diff.statGraphWidth=26 $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect" actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --graph $verb statGraphWidth config" '
+		git -c diff.statGraphWidth=26 $cmd $args --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect-graph" actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+ignores expect80 format-patch -1 --stdout
+respects expect40 diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+respects expect40 show --stat
+respects expect40 log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect-graph <<'EOF'
+|  abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat=width with big change" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat=40 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-width=width with big change" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-width=40 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-graph-width with big change" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-graph-width=26 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-width=width --graph with big change" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-width=40 --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect-graph actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat-graph-width --graph with big change" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-graph-width=26 --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect-graph actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+format-patch -1 --stdout
+diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+show --stat
+log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'preparation for long filename tests' '
+	cp abcd aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa &&
+	git add aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa &&
+	git commit -m message
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+ ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect-graph <<'EOF'
+|  ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat=width with big change is more balanced" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-width=60 >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --stat=width --graph with big change is balanced" '
+		git $cmd $args --stat-width=60 --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect-graph actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+format-patch -1 --stdout
+diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+show --stat
+log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+cat >expect80 <<'EOF'
+ ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect80-graph <<'EOF'
+|  ...aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect200 <<'EOF'
+ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect200-graph <<'EOF'
+|  aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+while read verb expect cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success "$cmd $verb COLUMNS (long filename)" '
+		COLUMNS=200 git $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect" actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success "$cmd --graph $verb COLUMNS (long filename)" '
+		COLUMNS=200 git $cmd $args --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect-graph" actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+ignores expect80 format-patch -1 --stdout
+respects expect200 diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+respects expect200 show --stat
+respects expect200 log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+cat >expect1 <<'EOF'
+ ...aaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++
+EOF
+cat >expect1-graph <<'EOF'
+|  ...aaaaaaa | 1000 ++++++
+EOF
+while read verb expect cmd args
+do
+	test_expect_success COLUMNS_CAN_BE_1 \
+		"$cmd $verb prefix greater than COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=1 git $cmd $args >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect" actual
+	'
+
+	case "$cmd" in diff|show) continue;; esac
+
+	test_expect_success COLUMNS_CAN_BE_1 \
+		"$cmd --graph $verb prefix greater than COLUMNS (big change)" '
+		COLUMNS=1 git $cmd $args --graph >output &&
+		grep " | " output >actual &&
+		test_cmp "$expect-graph" actual
+	'
+done <<\EOF
+ignores expect80 format-patch -1 --stdout
+respects expect1 diff HEAD^ HEAD --stat
+respects expect1 show --stat
+respects expect1 log -1 --stat
+EOF
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+ abcd | 1000 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'merge --stat respects COLUMNS (big change)' '
+	git checkout -b branch HEAD^^ &&
+	COLUMNS=100 git merge --stat --no-ff master^ >output &&
+	grep " | " output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<'EOF'
+ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa | 1000 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'merge --stat respects COLUMNS (long filename)' '
+	COLUMNS=100 git merge --stat --no-ff master >output &&
+	grep " | " output >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4053-diff-no-index.sh b/t/t4053-diff-no-index.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..075ece6db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4053-diff-no-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff --no-index'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir a &&
+	mkdir b &&
+	echo 1 >a/1 &&
+	echo 2 >a/2 &&
+	git init repo &&
+	echo 1 >repo/a &&
+	mkdir -p non/git &&
+	echo 1 >non/git/a &&
+	echo 1 >non/git/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --no-index directories' '
+	test_expect_code 1 git diff --no-index a b >cnt &&
+	test_line_count = 14 cnt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --no-index relative path outside repo' '
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --no-index a ../non/git/a &&
+		test_expect_code 0 git diff --no-index ../non/git/a ../non/git/b
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --no-index with broken index' '
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		echo broken >.git/index &&
+		git diff --no-index a ../non/git/a
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff outside repo with broken index' '
+	(
+		cd repo &&
+		git diff ../non/git/a ../non/git/b
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git diff --no-index executed outside repo gives correct error message' '
+	(
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=$TRASH_DIRECTORY/non &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		cd non/git &&
+		test_must_fail git diff --no-index a 2>actual.err &&
+		echo "usage: git diff --no-index <path> <path>" >expect.err &&
+		test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4054-diff-bogus-tree.sh b/t/t4054-diff-bogus-tree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1d6efab3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4054-diff-bogus-tree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test diff with a bogus tree containing the null sha1'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+empty_tree=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
+
+test_expect_success 'create bogus tree' '
+	bogus_tree=$(
+		printf "100644 fooQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ" |
+		q_to_nul |
+		git hash-object -w --stdin -t tree
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create tree with matching file' '
+	echo bar >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	good_tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	blob=$(git rev-parse :foo)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (addition)' '
+	echo ":000000 100644 $_z40 $_z40 A	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $empty_tree $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (removal)' '
+	echo ":100644 000000 $_z40 $_z40 D	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $bogus_tree $empty_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (modification)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $blob $_z40 M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $good_tree $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (other direction)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $_z40 $blob M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree $bogus_tree $good_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (reverse)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $_z40 $blob M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-tree -R $good_tree $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'raw diff shows null sha1 (index)' '
+	echo ":100644 100644 $_z40 $blob M	foo" >expect &&
+	git diff-index $bogus_tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (addition)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $empty_tree $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (removal)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $bogus_tree $empty_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (modification)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $good_tree $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (other direction)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -p $bogus_tree $good_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (reverse)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-tree -R -p $good_tree $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patch fails due to bogus sha1 (index)' '
+	test_must_fail git diff-index -p $bogus_tree
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4055-diff-context.sh b/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..741e0803c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4055-diff-context.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Mozilla Foundation
+#
+
+test_description='diff.context configuration'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >template <<-\EOF &&
+	firstline
+	b
+	c
+	d
+	e
+	f
+	preline
+	TARGET
+	postline
+	i
+	j
+	k
+	l
+	m
+	n
+	EOF
+	sed "/TARGET/d" >x <template &&
+	git update-index --add x &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	sed "s/TARGET/ADDED/" >x <template &&
+	git update-index --add x &&
+	git commit -m next &&
+
+	sed "s/TARGET/MODIFIED/" >x <template
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the default number of context lines is 3' '
+	git diff >output &&
+	! grep "^ d" output &&
+	grep "^ e" output &&
+	grep "^ j" output &&
+	! grep "^ k" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.context honored by "log"' '
+	git log -1 -p >output &&
+	! grep firstline output &&
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git log -1 -p >output &&
+	grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'The -U option overrides diff.context' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git log -U4 -1 >output &&
+	! grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.context honored by "diff"' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git diff >output &&
+	grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'plumbing not affected' '
+	git config diff.context 8 &&
+	git diff-files -p >output &&
+	! grep "^ firstline" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'non-integer config parsing' '
+	git config diff.context no &&
+	test_must_fail git diff 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad numeric config value" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'negative integer config parsing' '
+	git config diff.context -1 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "bad config variable" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-U0 is valid, so is diff.context=0' '
+	git config diff.context 0 &&
+	git diff >output &&
+	grep "^-ADDED" output &&
+	grep "^+MODIFIED" output
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4056-diff-order.sh b/t/t4056-diff-order.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c0460bb0e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4056-diff-order.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='diff order'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+create_files () {
+	echo "$1" >a.h &&
+	echo "$1" >b.c &&
+	echo "$1" >c/Makefile &&
+	echo "$1" >d.txt &&
+	git add a.h b.c c/Makefile d.txt &&
+	git commit -m"$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	mkdir c &&
+	create_files 1 &&
+	create_files 2 &&
+
+	cat >order_file_1 <<-\EOF &&
+	*Makefile
+	*.txt
+	*.h
+	EOF
+
+	cat >order_file_2 <<-\EOF &&
+	*Makefile
+	*.h
+	*.c
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect_none <<-\EOF &&
+	a.h
+	b.c
+	c/Makefile
+	d.txt
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect_1 <<-\EOF &&
+	c/Makefile
+	d.txt
+	a.h
+	b.c
+	EOF
+
+	cat >expect_2 <<-\EOF
+	c/Makefile
+	a.h
+	b.c
+	d.txt
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success "no order (=tree object order)" '
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_none actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'missing orderfile' '
+	rm -f bogus_file &&
+	test_must_fail git diff -Obogus_file --name-only HEAD^..HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'unreadable orderfile' '
+	>unreadable_file &&
+	chmod -r unreadable_file &&
+	test_must_fail git diff -Ounreadable_file --name-only HEAD^..HEAD
+'
+
+for i in 1 2
+do
+	test_expect_success "orderfile using option ($i)" '
+		git diff -Oorder_file_$i --name-only HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_$i actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success PIPE "orderfile is fifo ($i)" '
+		rm -f order_fifo &&
+		mkfifo order_fifo &&
+		{
+			cat order_file_$i >order_fifo &
+		} &&
+		git diff -O order_fifo --name-only HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+		wait &&
+		test_cmp expect_$i actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "orderfile using config ($i)" '
+		git -c diff.orderfile=order_file_$i diff --name-only HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_$i actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "cancelling configured orderfile ($i)" '
+		git -c diff.orderfile=order_file_$i diff -O/dev/null --name-only HEAD^..HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_none actual
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for testing combine-diff order' '
+	git checkout -b tmp HEAD~ &&
+	create_files 3 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge --no-commit -s ours tmp &&
+	create_files 5
+'
+
+test_expect_success "combine-diff: no order (=tree object order)" '
+	git diff --name-only HEAD HEAD^ HEAD^2 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_none actual
+'
+
+for i in 1 2
+do
+	test_expect_success "combine-diff: orderfile using option ($i)" '
+		git diff -Oorder_file_$i --name-only HEAD HEAD^ HEAD^2 >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect_$i actual
+	'
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4057-diff-combined-paths.sh b/t/t4057-diff-combined-paths.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..dff36b77ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4057-diff-combined-paths.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='combined diff show only paths that are different to all parents'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# verify that diffc.expect matches output of
+# $(git diff -c --name-only HEAD HEAD^ HEAD^2)
+diffc_verify () {
+	git diff -c --name-only HEAD HEAD^ HEAD^2 >diffc.actual &&
+	test_cmp diffc.expect diffc.actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'trivial merge - combine-diff empty' '
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 9)
+	do
+		echo $i >$i.txt	&&
+		git add $i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -m "init" &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 2 9)
+	do
+		echo $i/2 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m "side 2-9" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo 1/2 >1.txt &&
+	git commit -a -m "master 1" &&
+	git merge side &&
+	>diffc.expect &&
+	diffc_verify
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'only one trully conflicting path' '
+	git checkout side &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 2 9)
+	do
+		echo $i/3 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	echo "4side" >>4.txt &&
+	git commit -a -m "side 2-9 +4" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 9)
+	do
+		echo $i/3 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	echo "4master" >>4.txt &&
+	git commit -a -m "master 1-9 +4" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge side &&
+	cat <<-\EOF >4.txt &&
+	4
+	4/2
+	4/3
+	4master
+	4side
+	EOF
+	git add 4.txt &&
+	git commit -m "merge side (2)" &&
+	echo 4.txt >diffc.expect &&
+	diffc_verify
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge introduces new file' '
+	git checkout side &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 5 9)
+	do
+		echo $i/4 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m "side 5-9" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 3)
+	do
+		echo $i/4 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m "master 1-3 +4hello" &&
+	git merge side &&
+	echo "Hello World" >4hello.txt &&
+	git add 4hello.txt &&
+	git commit --amend &&
+	echo 4hello.txt >diffc.expect &&
+	diffc_verify
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge removed a file' '
+	git checkout side &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 5 9)
+	do
+		echo $i/5 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m "side 5-9" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 3)
+	do
+		echo $i/4 >>$i.txt
+	done &&
+	git commit -a -m "master 1-3" &&
+	git merge side &&
+	git rm 4.txt &&
+	git commit --amend &&
+	echo 4.txt >diffc.expect &&
+	diffc_verify
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4058-diff-duplicates.sh b/t/t4058-diff-duplicates.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0a23242cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4058-diff-duplicates.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test tree diff when trees have duplicate entries'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# make_tree_entry <mode> <mode> <sha1>
+#
+# We have to rely on perl here because not all printfs understand
+# hex escapes (only octal), and xxd is not portable.
+make_tree_entry () {
+	printf '%s %s\0' "$1" "$2" &&
+	perl -e 'print chr(hex($_)) for ($ARGV[0] =~ /../g)' "$3"
+}
+
+# Like git-mktree, but without all of the pesky sanity checking.
+# Arguments come in groups of three, each group specifying a single
+# tree entry (see make_tree_entry above).
+make_tree () {
+	while test $# -gt 2; do
+		make_tree_entry "$1" "$2" "$3"
+		shift; shift; shift
+	done |
+	git hash-object -w -t tree --stdin
+}
+
+# this is kind of a convoluted setup, but matches
+# a real-world case. Each tree contains four entries
+# for the given path, one with one sha1, and three with
+# the other. The first tree has them split across
+# two subtrees (which are themselves duplicate entries in
+# the root tree), and the second has them all in a single subtree.
+test_expect_success 'create trees with duplicate entries' '
+	blob_one=$(echo one | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	blob_two=$(echo two | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	inner_one_a=$(make_tree \
+		100644 inner $blob_one
+	) &&
+	inner_one_b=$(make_tree \
+		100644 inner $blob_two \
+		100644 inner $blob_two \
+		100644 inner $blob_two
+	) &&
+	outer_one=$(make_tree \
+		040000 outer $inner_one_a \
+		040000 outer $inner_one_b
+	) &&
+	inner_two=$(make_tree \
+		100644 inner $blob_one \
+		100644 inner $blob_two \
+		100644 inner $blob_two \
+		100644 inner $blob_two
+	) &&
+	outer_two=$(make_tree \
+		040000 outer $inner_two
+	) &&
+	git tag one $outer_one &&
+	git tag two $outer_two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree between trees' '
+	{
+		printf ":000000 100644 $_z40 $blob_two A\touter/inner\n" &&
+		printf ":000000 100644 $_z40 $blob_two A\touter/inner\n" &&
+		printf ":000000 100644 $_z40 $blob_two A\touter/inner\n" &&
+		printf ":100644 000000 $blob_two $_z40 D\touter/inner\n" &&
+		printf ":100644 000000 $blob_two $_z40 D\touter/inner\n" &&
+		printf ":100644 000000 $blob_two $_z40 D\touter/inner\n"
+	} >expect &&
+	git diff-tree -r --no-abbrev one two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree with renames' '
+	# same expectation as above, since we disable rename detection
+	git diff-tree -M -r --no-abbrev one two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh b/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
index 9b433de836..744b8e51be 100755
--- a/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
+++ b/t/t4100-apply-stat.sh
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ do
 	test_expect_success "$title" '
 		git apply --stat --summary \
 			<"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4100/t-apply-$num.patch" >current &&
-		test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4100/t-apply-$num.expect current
+		test_i18ncmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4100/t-apply-$num.expect current
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success "$title with recount" '
 		sed -e "$UNC" <"$TEST_DIRECTORY/t4100/t-apply-$num.patch" |
 		git apply --recount --stat --summary >current &&
-		test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4100/t-apply-$num.expect current
+		test_i18ncmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4100/t-apply-$num.expect current
 	'
 done <<\EOF
 rename
diff --git a/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh b/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
index e3ea3d5114..fae305979a 100755
--- a/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t4102-apply-rename.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ test_description='git apply handling copy/rename patch.
 
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
 # setup
 
@@ -53,6 +52,6 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'apply copy' \
     'git apply --index --stat --summary --apply test-patch &&
-     test "$(cat bar)" = "This is bar" -a "$(cat foo)" = "This is foo"'
+     test "$(cat bar)" = "This is bar" && test "$(cat foo)" = "This is foo"'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
index dbbf56cba9..1b420e3b5f 100755
--- a/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t4103-apply-binary.sh
@@ -8,30 +8,28 @@ test_description='git apply handling binary patches
 '
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-# setup
-
-cat >file1 <<EOF
-A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
-A tiny little penguin runs around in circles.
-There is a flag with Linux written on it.
-A slow black-and-white panda just sits there,
-munching on his bamboo.
-EOF
-cat file1 >file2
-cat file1 >file4
-
-test_expect_success 'setup' "
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >file1 <<-\EOF &&
+	A quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
+	A tiny little penguin runs around in circles.
+	There is a flag with Linux written on it.
+	A slow black-and-white panda just sits there,
+	munching on his bamboo.
+	EOF
+	cat file1 >file2 &&
+	cat file1 >file4 &&
+
 	git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file4 &&
-	git commit -m 'Initial Version' 2>/dev/null &&
+	git commit -m "Initial Version" 2>/dev/null &&
 
 	git checkout -b binary &&
-	perl -pe 'y/x/\000/' <file1 >file3 &&
+	perl -pe "y/x/\000/" <file1 >file3 &&
 	cat file3 >file4 &&
 	git add file2 &&
-	perl -pe 'y/\000/v/' <file3 >file1 &&
+	perl -pe "y/\000/v/" <file3 >file1 &&
 	rm -f file2 &&
 	git update-index --add --remove file1 file2 file3 file4 &&
-	git commit -m 'Second Version' &&
+	git commit -m "Second Version" &&
 
 	git diff-tree -p master binary >B.diff &&
 	git diff-tree -p -C master binary >C.diff &&
@@ -42,17 +40,25 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' "
 	git diff-tree -p --full-index master binary >B-index.diff &&
 	git diff-tree -p -C --full-index master binary >C-index.diff &&
 
+	git diff-tree -p --binary --no-prefix master binary -- file3 >B0.diff &&
+
 	git init other-repo &&
-	(cd other-repo &&
-	 git fetch .. master &&
-	 git reset --hard FETCH_HEAD
+	(
+		cd other-repo &&
+		git fetch .. master &&
+		git reset --hard FETCH_HEAD
 	)
-"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'stat binary diff -- should not fail.' \
 	'git checkout master &&
 	 git apply --stat --summary B.diff'
 
+test_expect_success 'stat binary -p0 diff -- should not fail.' '
+	 git checkout master &&
+	 git apply --stat -p0 B0.diff
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'stat binary diff (copy) -- should not fail.' \
 	'git checkout master &&
 	 git apply --stat --summary C.diff'
@@ -143,4 +149,10 @@ test_expect_success 'apply binary diff (copy).' \
 	 git apply --allow-binary-replacement --index CF.diff &&
 	 test -z "$(git diff --name-status binary)"'
 
+test_expect_success 'apply binary -p0 diff' '
+	do_reset &&
+	git apply -p0 --index B0.diff &&
+	test -z "$(git diff --name-status binary -- file3)"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh b/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
index c617c2a33d..32e3b0ee0b 100755
--- a/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
+++ b/t/t4104-apply-boundary.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	cat victim >original &&
 	git update-index --add victim &&
 
-	: add to the head
+	# add to the head
 	for i in a b '"$L"' y
 	do
 		echo $i
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git diff victim >add-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >add-a-patch.without &&
 
-	: insert at line two
+	# insert at line two
 	for i in b a '"$L"' y
 	do
 		echo $i
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git diff victim >insert-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >insert-a-patch.without &&
 
-	: modify at the head
+	# modify at the head
 	for i in a '"$L"' y
 	do
 		echo $i
@@ -45,16 +45,16 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git diff victim >mod-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >mod-a-patch.without &&
 
-	: remove from the head
+	# remove from the head
 	for i in '"$L"' y
 	do
 		echo $i
 	done >victim &&
 	cat victim >del-a-expect &&
-	git diff victim >del-a-patch.with
+	git diff victim >del-a-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >del-a-patch.without &&
 
-	: add to the tail
+	# add to the tail
 	for i in b '"$L"' y z
 	do
 		echo $i
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git diff victim >add-z-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >add-z-patch.without &&
 
-	: modify at the tail
+	# modify at the tail
 	for i in b '"$L"' z
 	do
 		echo $i
@@ -72,16 +72,16 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git diff victim >mod-z-patch.with &&
 	git diff --unified=0 >mod-z-patch.without &&
 
-	: remove from the tail
+	# remove from the tail
 	for i in b '"$L"'
 	do
 		echo $i
 	done >victim &&
 	cat victim >del-z-expect &&
-	git diff victim >del-z-patch.with
-	git diff --unified=0 >del-z-patch.without &&
+	git diff victim >del-z-patch.with &&
+	git diff --unified=0 >del-z-patch.without
 
-	: done
+	# done
 '
 
 for with in with without
@@ -95,10 +95,7 @@ do
 		test_expect_success "apply $kind-patch $with context" '
 			cat original >victim &&
 			git update-index victim &&
-			git apply --index '"$u$kind-patch.$with"' || {
-				cat '"$kind-patch.$with"'
-				(exit 1)
-			} &&
+			git apply --index '"$u$kind-patch.$with"' &&
 			test_cmp '"$kind"'-expect victim
 		'
 	done
@@ -113,10 +110,7 @@ do
 	test_expect_success "apply non-git $kind-patch without context" '
 		cat original >victim &&
 		git update-index victim &&
-		git apply --unidiff-zero --index '"$kind-ng.without"' || {
-			cat '"$kind-ng.without"'
-			(exit 1)
-		} &&
+		git apply --unidiff-zero --index '"$kind-ng.without"' &&
 		test_cmp '"$kind"'-expect victim
 	'
 done
diff --git a/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh b/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh
index b04fc8fc12..9e29b5262d 100755
--- a/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh
+++ b/t/t4107-apply-ignore-whitespace.sh
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@ sed -e 's/T/	/g' > main.c.final <<\EOF
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 void print_int(int num);
-T/* a comment */
 int func(int num);
 
 int main() {
@@ -154,7 +153,8 @@ test_expect_success 'patch2 reverse applies with --ignore-space-change' '
 git config apply.ignorewhitespace change
 
 test_expect_success 'patch2 applies (apply.ignorewhitespace = change)' '
-	git apply patch2.patch
+	git apply patch2.patch &&
+	test_cmp main.c.final main.c
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'patch3 fails (missing string at EOL)' '
@@ -165,12 +165,8 @@ test_expect_success 'patch4 fails (missing EOL at EOF)' '
 	test_must_fail git apply patch4.patch
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'patch5 applies (leading whitespace)' '
-	git apply patch5.patch
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'patches do not mangle whitespace' '
-	test_cmp main.c main.c.final
+test_expect_success 'patch5 fails (leading whitespace differences matter)' '
+	test_must_fail git apply patch5.patch
 '
 
 test_expect_success 're-create file (with --ignore-whitespace)' '
diff --git a/t/t4108-apply-threeway.sh b/t/t4108-apply-threeway.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fa5d4efb89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4108-apply-threeway.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git apply --3way'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+create_file () {
+	for i
+	do
+		echo "$i"
+	done
+}
+
+sanitize_conflicted_diff () {
+	sed -e '
+		/^index /d
+		s/^\(+[<>][<>][<>][<>]*\) .*/\1/
+	'
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	create_file >one 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 &&
+	cat one >two &&
+	git add one two &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+
+	git branch side &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	create_file >one 1 two 3 4 5 six 7 &&
+	create_file >two 1 two 3 4 5 6 7 &&
+	git commit -a -m master &&
+
+	git checkout side &&
+	create_file >one 1 2 3 4 five 6 7 &&
+	create_file >two 1 2 3 4 five 6 7 &&
+	git commit -a -m side &&
+
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply without --3way' '
+	git diff side^ side >P.diff &&
+
+	# should fail to apply
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index P.diff &&
+	# should leave things intact
+	git diff-files --exit-code &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply with --3way' '
+	# Merging side should be similar to applying this patch
+	git diff ...side >P.diff &&
+
+	# The corresponding conflicted merge
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >expect.diff &&
+
+	# should fail to apply
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+	git ls-files -s >actual.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >actual.diff &&
+
+	# The result should resemble the corresponding merge
+	test_cmp expect.ls actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp expect.diff actual.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply with --3way with rerere enabled' '
+	git config rerere.enabled true &&
+
+	# Merging side should be similar to applying this patch
+	git diff ...side >P.diff &&
+
+	# The corresponding conflicted merge
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit side &&
+
+	# Manually resolve and record the resolution
+	create_file 1 two 3 4 five six 7 >one &&
+	git rerere &&
+	cat one >expect &&
+
+	# should fail to apply
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+
+	# but rerere should have replayed the recorded resolution
+	test_cmp expect one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply -3 with add/add conflict setup' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	git checkout -b adder &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >three &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >four &&
+	git add three four &&
+	git commit -m "add three and four" &&
+
+	git checkout -b another adder^ &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >three &&
+	create_file 1 2 3 four 5 6 7 >four &&
+	git add three four &&
+	git commit -m "add three and four" &&
+
+	# Merging another should be similar to applying this patch
+	git diff adder...another >P.diff &&
+
+	git checkout adder^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-commit another &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >expect.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply -3 with add/add conflict' '
+	# should fail to apply ...
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout adder^0 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+	# ... and leave conflicts in the index and in the working tree
+	git ls-files -s >actual.ls &&
+	git diff HEAD | sanitize_conflicted_diff >actual.diff &&
+
+	# The result should resemble the corresponding merge
+	test_cmp expect.ls actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp expect.diff actual.diff
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply -3 with add/add conflict (dirty working tree)' '
+	# should fail to apply ...
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout adder^0 &&
+	echo >>four &&
+	cat four >four.save &&
+	cat three >three.save &&
+	git ls-files -s >expect.ls &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --3way P.diff &&
+	# ... and should not touch anything
+	git ls-files -s >actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp expect.ls actual.ls &&
+	test_cmp four.save four &&
+	test_cmp three.save three
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
index 7c398432ba..1618a6dbc7 100755
--- a/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
+++ b/t/t4111-apply-subdir.sh
@@ -86,6 +86,20 @@ test_expect_success 'apply --index from subdir of toplevel' '
 	test_cmp expected sub/dir/file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'apply half-broken patch from subdir of toplevel' '
+	(
+		cd sub/dir &&
+		test_must_fail git apply <<-EOF
+		--- sub/dir/file
+		+++ sub/dir/file
+		@@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
+		--- file_in_root
+		+++ file_in_root
+		@@ -1,0 +1,0 @@
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'apply from .git dir' '
 	cp postimage expected &&
 	cp preimage .git/file &&
diff --git a/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh b/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
index f12826fb09..ebadbc347f 100755
--- a/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
+++ b/t/t4114-apply-typechange.sh
@@ -9,20 +9,19 @@ test_description='git apply should not get confused with type changes.
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup repository and commits' '
+test_expect_success 'setup repository and commits' '
 	echo "hello world" > foo &&
 	echo "hi planet" > bar &&
 	git update-index --add foo bar &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git branch initial &&
 	rm -f foo &&
-	ln -s bar foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo symlinked to bar" &&
 	git branch foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
-	rm -f foo &&
+	git rm -f foo &&
 	echo "how far is the sun?" > foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	git update-index --add foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo back to file" &&
 	git branch foo-back-to-file &&
 	printf "\0" > foo &&
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup repository and commits' '
 	git branch foo-baz-renamed-from-foo
 	'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
+test_expect_success 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -M -p HEAD foo-baz-renamed-from-foo > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo to foo/baz' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
+test_expect_success 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
 	git checkout -f foo-baz-renamed-from-foo &&
 	git diff-tree -M -p HEAD initial > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file renamed from foo/baz to foo' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes file' '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-a-directory &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD initial > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes file' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes directory' '
+test_expect_success 'file becomes directory' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-becomes-a-directory > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes directory' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'file becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f initial &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -82,21 +81,21 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'file becomes symlink' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes file' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-back-to-file > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
 	'
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'binary file becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'binary file becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-binary &&
 	git diff-tree -p --binary HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
 	'
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes binary file' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes binary file' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p --binary HEAD foo-becomes-binary > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes binary file' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes directory' '
+test_expect_success 'symlink becomes directory' '
 	git checkout -f foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-becomes-a-directory > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink becomes directory' '
 test_debug 'cat patch'
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes symlink' '
 	git checkout -f foo-becomes-a-directory &&
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD foo-symlinked-to-bar > patch &&
 	git apply --index < patch
diff --git a/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh b/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
index 7674dd2ec9..872fcda6cb 100755
--- a/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t4115-apply-symlink.sh
@@ -9,18 +9,16 @@ test_description='git apply symlinks and partial files
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
-	ln -s path1/path2/path3/path4/path5 link1 &&
-	git add link? &&
+	test_ln_s_add path1/path2/path3/path4/path5 link1 &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 
 	git branch side &&
 
 	rm -f link? &&
 
-	ln -s htap6 link1 &&
-	git update-index link? &&
+	test_ln_s_add htap6 link1 &&
 	git commit -m second &&
 
 	git diff-tree -p HEAD^ HEAD >patch  &&
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'apply symlink patch' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'apply --index symlink patch' '
+test_expect_success 'apply --index symlink patch' '
 
 	git checkout -f side &&
 	git apply --index patch &&
diff --git a/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
index 2298ece801..ce8567f496 100755
--- a/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
+++ b/t/t4116-apply-reverse.sh
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply in forward' '
 
-	T0=`git rev-parse "second^{tree}"` &&
+	T0=$(git rev-parse "second^{tree}") &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	git apply --index --binary patch &&
-	T1=`git write-tree` &&
+	T1=$(git write-tree) &&
 	test "$T0" = "$T1"
 '
 
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ test_expect_success 'apply in reverse' '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup separate repository lacking postimage' '
 
-	git tar-tree initial initial | $TAR xf - &&
+	git archive --format=tar --prefix=initial/ initial | $TAR xf - &&
 	(
 		cd initial && git init && git add .
 	) &&
 
-	git tar-tree second second | $TAR xf - &&
+	git archive --format=tar --prefix=second/ second | $TAR xf - &&
 	(
 		cd second && git init && git add .
 	)
@@ -62,22 +62,22 @@ test_expect_success 'setup separate repository lacking postimage' '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply in forward without postimage' '
 
-	T0=`git rev-parse "second^{tree}"` &&
+	T0=$(git rev-parse "second^{tree}") &&
 	(
 		cd initial &&
 		git apply --index --binary ../patch &&
-		T1=`git write-tree` &&
+		T1=$(git write-tree) &&
 		test "$T0" = "$T1"
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply in reverse without postimage' '
 
-	T0=`git rev-parse "initial^{tree}"` &&
+	T0=$(git rev-parse "initial^{tree}") &&
 	(
 		cd second &&
 		git apply --index --binary --reverse ../patch &&
-		T1=`git write-tree` &&
+		T1=$(git write-tree) &&
 		test "$T0" = "$T1"
 	)
 '
diff --git a/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh b/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
index e9ccd161ee..d80187de94 100755
--- a/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
+++ b/t/t4117-apply-reject.sh
@@ -46,25 +46,23 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	cat file1 >saved.file1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'apply without --reject should fail' '
+test_expect_success 'apply --reject is incompatible with --3way' '
+	test_when_finished "cat saved.file1 >file1" &&
+	git diff >patch.0 &&
+	git checkout file1 &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --reject --3way patch.0 &&
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
 
-	if git apply patch.1
-	then
-		echo "Eh? Why?"
-		exit 1
-	fi
+test_expect_success 'apply without --reject should fail' '
 
+	test_must_fail git apply patch.1 &&
 	test_cmp file1 saved.file1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply without --reject should fail' '
 
-	if git apply --verbose patch.1
-	then
-		echo "Eh? Why?"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
+	test_must_fail git apply --verbose patch.1 &&
 	test_cmp file1 saved.file1
 '
 
@@ -73,21 +71,11 @@ test_expect_success 'apply with --reject should fail but update the file' '
 	cat saved.file1 >file1 &&
 	rm -f file1.rej file2.rej &&
 
-	if git apply --reject patch.1
-	then
-		echo "succeeds with --reject?"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
+	test_must_fail git apply --reject patch.1 &&
 	test_cmp file1 expected &&
 
 	cat file1.rej &&
-
-	if test -f file2.rej
-	then
-		echo "file2 should not have been touched"
-		exit 1
-	fi
+	test_path_is_missing file2.rej
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply with --reject should fail but update the file' '
@@ -95,25 +83,12 @@ test_expect_success 'apply with --reject should fail but update the file' '
 	cat saved.file1 >file1 &&
 	rm -f file1.rej file2.rej file2 &&
 
-	if git apply --reject patch.2 >rejects
-	then
-		echo "succeeds with --reject?"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	test -f file1 && {
-		echo "file1 still exists?"
-		exit 1
-	}
+	test_must_fail git apply --reject patch.2 >rejects &&
+	test_path_is_missing file1 &&
 	test_cmp file2 expected &&
 
 	cat file2.rej &&
-
-	if test -f file1.rej
-	then
-		echo "file2 should not have been touched"
-		exit 1
-	fi
+	test_path_is_missing file1.rej
 
 '
 
@@ -122,25 +97,12 @@ test_expect_success 'the same test with --verbose' '
 	cat saved.file1 >file1 &&
 	rm -f file1.rej file2.rej file2 &&
 
-	if git apply --reject --verbose patch.2 >rejects
-	then
-		echo "succeeds with --reject?"
-		exit 1
-	fi
-
-	test -f file1 && {
-		echo "file1 still exists?"
-		exit 1
-	}
+	test_must_fail git apply --reject --verbose patch.2 >rejects &&
+	test_path_is_missing file1 &&
 	test_cmp file2 expected &&
 
 	cat file2.rej &&
-
-	if test -f file1.rej
-	then
-		echo "file2 should not have been touched"
-		exit 1
-	fi
+	test_path_is_missing file1.rej
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4119-apply-config.sh b/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
index 3d0384daa8..a9a0583811 100755
--- a/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
+++ b/t/t4119-apply-config.sh
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply --whitespace=strip from config' '
 	check_result sub/file1
 '
 
-D=`pwd`
+D=$(pwd)
 
 test_expect_success 'apply --whitespace=strip in subdir' '
 
@@ -159,4 +159,21 @@ test_expect_success 'same but with traditional patch input of depth 2' '
 	check_result sub/file1
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'in subdir with traditional patch input' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git config apply.whitespace strip &&
+	cat >.gitattributes <<-EOF &&
+	/* whitespace=blank-at-eol
+	sub/* whitespace=-blank-at-eol
+	EOF
+	rm -f sub/file1 &&
+	cp saved sub/file1 &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+
+	cd sub &&
+	git apply ../gpatch.file &&
+	echo "B " >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file1
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh b/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
index a33d510bf6..497b62868d 100755
--- a/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
+++ b/t/t4120-apply-popt.sh
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 test_description='git apply -p handling.'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	mkdir sub &&
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply git diff with -p2' '
 test_expect_success 'apply with too large -p' '
 	cp file1.saved file1 &&
 	test_must_fail git apply --stat -p3 patch.file 2>err &&
-	grep "removing 3 leading" err
+	test_i18ngrep "removing 3 leading" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply (-p2) traditional diff with funny filenames' '
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ test_expect_success 'apply (-p2) traditional diff with funny filenames' '
 test_expect_success 'apply with too large -p and fancy filename' '
 	cp file1.saved file1 &&
 	test_must_fail git apply --stat -p3 patch.escaped 2>err &&
-	grep "removing 3 leading" err
+	test_i18ngrep "removing 3 leading" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'apply (-p2) diff, mode change only' '
diff --git a/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh b/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
index 39407376ba..4acb3f336e 100755
--- a/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
+++ b/t/t4122-apply-symlink-inside.sh
@@ -3,18 +3,11 @@
 test_description='apply to deeper directory without getting fooled with symlink'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-lecho () {
-	for l_
-	do
-		echo "$l_"
-	done
-}
-
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 
 	mkdir -p arch/i386/boot arch/x86_64 &&
-	lecho 1 2 3 4 5 >arch/i386/boot/Makefile &&
-	ln -s ../i386/boot arch/x86_64/boot &&
+	test_write_lines 1 2 3 4 5 >arch/i386/boot/Makefile &&
+	test_ln_s_add ../i386/boot arch/x86_64/boot &&
 	git add . &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
@@ -22,7 +15,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 	rm arch/x86_64/boot &&
 	mkdir arch/x86_64/boot &&
-	lecho 2 3 4 5 6 >arch/x86_64/boot/Makefile &&
+	test_write_lines 2 3 4 5 6 >arch/x86_64/boot/Makefile &&
 	git add . &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -a -m second &&
@@ -31,7 +24,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS setup '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS apply '
+test_expect_success apply '
 
 	git checkout test &&
 	git diff --exit-code test &&
@@ -40,7 +33,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS apply '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'check result' '
+test_expect_success 'check result' '
 
 	git diff --exit-code master &&
 	git diff --exit-code --cached master &&
@@ -52,4 +45,110 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'check result' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not read from beyond symbolic link' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	mkdir -p arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	>arch/x86_64/dir/file &&
+	git add arch/x86_64/dir/file &&
+	echo line >arch/x86_64/dir/file &&
+	git diff >patch &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	mkdir arch/i386/dir &&
+	>arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	ln -s ../i386/dir arch/x86_64/dir &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --cached patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not follow symbolic link (setup)' '
+
+	rm -rf arch/i386/dir arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	ln -s ../i386/dir arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git add arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git diff HEAD >add_symlink.patch &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	mkdir arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	>arch/x86_64/dir/file &&
+	git add arch/x86_64/dir/file &&
+	git diff HEAD >add_file.patch &&
+	git diff -R HEAD >del_file.patch &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	rm -fr arch/x86_64/dir &&
+
+	cat add_symlink.patch add_file.patch >patch &&
+	cat add_symlink.patch del_file.patch >tricky_del &&
+
+	mkdir arch/i386/dir
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not follow symbolic link (same input)' '
+
+	# same input creates a confusing symbolic link
+	test_must_fail git apply patch 2>error-wt &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-wt &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/i386/dir/file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch 2>error-ix &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-ix &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --cached patch 2>error-ct &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-ct &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir &&
+
+	>arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	git add arch/i386/dir/file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply tricky_del &&
+	test_path_is_file arch/i386/dir/file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --index tricky_del &&
+	test_path_is_file arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --cached tricky_del &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not follow symbolic link (existing)' '
+
+	# existing symbolic link
+	git reset --hard &&
+	ln -s ../i386/dir arch/x86_64/dir &&
+	git add arch/x86_64/dir &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply add_file.patch 2>error-wt-add &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-wt-add &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/i386/dir/file &&
+
+	mkdir arch/i386/dir &&
+	>arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	test_must_fail git apply del_file.patch 2>error-wt-del &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-wt-del &&
+	test_path_is_file arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	rm arch/i386/dir/file &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --index add_file.patch 2>error-ix-add &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-ix-add &&
+	test_path_is_missing arch/i386/dir/file &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir &&
+
+	test_must_fail git apply --cached add_file.patch 2>error-ct-file &&
+	test_i18ngrep "beyond a symbolic link" error-ct-file &&
+	test_must_fail git ls-files --error-unmatch arch/i386/dir
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
index 6f6ee88b28..d350065f25 100755
--- a/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
+++ b/t/t4124-apply-ws-rule.sh
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ test_fix () {
 	# find touched lines
 	$DIFF file target | sed -n -e "s/^> //p" >fixed
 
-	# the changed lines are all expeced to change
+	# the changed lines are all expected to change
 	fixed_cnt=$(wc -l <fixed)
 	case "$1" in
 	'') expect_cnt=$fixed_cnt ;;
@@ -99,9 +99,8 @@ test_expect_success 'whitespace=warn, default rule' '
 
 test_expect_success 'whitespace=error-all, default rule' '
 
-	apply_patch --whitespace=error-all && return 1
-	test -s target && return 1
-	: happy
+	test_must_fail apply_patch --whitespace=error-all &&
+	! test -s target
 
 '
 
@@ -486,4 +485,41 @@ test_expect_success 'same, but with CR-LF line endings && cr-at-eol unset' '
 	test_cmp one expect
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'whitespace=fix to expand' '
+	qz_to_tab_space >preimage <<-\EOF &&
+	QQa
+	QQb
+	QQc
+	ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZd
+	QQe
+	QQf
+	QQg
+	EOF
+	qz_to_tab_space >patch <<-\EOF &&
+	diff --git a/preimage b/preimage
+	--- a/preimage
+	+++ b/preimage
+	@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
+	 QQa
+	 QQb
+	 QQc
+	-QQd
+	 QQe
+	 QQf
+	 QQg
+	EOF
+	git -c core.whitespace=tab-in-indent apply --whitespace=fix patch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'whitespace check skipped for excluded paths' '
+	git config core.whitespace blank-at-eol &&
+	>used &&
+	>unused &&
+	git add used unused &&
+	echo "used" >used &&
+	echo "unused " >unused &&
+	git diff-files -p used unused >patch &&
+	git apply --include=used --stat --whitespace=error <patch
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh b/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh
index 0d36ebdc86..c268298eaf 100755
--- a/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh
+++ b/t/t4129-apply-samemode.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 test_description='applying patch with mode bits'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo original >file &&
diff --git a/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh b/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
index 94da99075c..2ecb4216b7 100755
--- a/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
+++ b/t/t4133-apply-filenames.sh
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'apply diff with inconsistent filenames in headers' '
 	test_must_fail git apply bad1.patch 2>err &&
-	grep "inconsistent new filename" err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "inconsistent new filename" err &&
 	test_must_fail git apply bad2.patch 2>err &&
-	grep "inconsistent old filename" err
+	test_i18ngrep "inconsistent old filename" err
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4137-apply-submodule.sh b/t/t4137-apply-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a9bd40a6d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4137-apply-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git apply handling submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+apply_index () {
+	git diff --ignore-submodules=dirty "..$1" | git apply --index -
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "apply_index"
+
+apply_3way () {
+	git diff --ignore-submodules=dirty "..$1" | git apply --3way -
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "apply_3way"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4138-apply-ws-expansion.sh b/t/t4138-apply-ws-expansion.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0ffe33fbef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4138-apply-ws-expansion.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2015 Kyle J. McKay
+#
+
+test_description='git apply test patches with whitespace expansion.'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	#
+	## create test-N, patchN.patch, expect-N files
+	#
+
+	# test 1
+	printf "\t%s\n" 1 2 3 4 5 6 >before &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" 1 2 3 >after &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c >>after &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" 4 5 6 >>after &&
+	git diff --no-index before after |
+		sed -e "s/before/test-1/" -e "s/after/test-1/" >patch1.patch &&
+	printf "%64s\n" 1 2 3 4 5 6 >test-1 &&
+	printf "%64s\n" 1 2 3 a b c 4 5 6 >expect-1 &&
+
+	# test 2
+	printf "\t%s\n" a b c d e f >before &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" a b c >after &&
+	n=10 &&
+	x=1 &&
+	while test $x -lt $n
+	do
+		printf "%63s%d\n" "" $x >>after
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" d e f >>after &&
+	git diff --no-index before after |
+		sed -e "s/before/test-2/" -e "s/after/test-2/" >patch2.patch &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c d e f >test-2 &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c >expect-2 &&
+	x=1 &&
+	while test $x -lt $n
+	do
+		printf "%63s%d\n" "" $x >>expect-2
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	printf "%64s\n" d e f >>expect-2 &&
+
+	# test 3
+	printf "\t%s\n" a b c d e f >before &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" a b c >after &&
+	n=100 &&
+	x=0 &&
+	while test $x -lt $n
+	do
+		printf "%63s%02d\n" "" $x >>after
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	printf "\t%s\n" d e f >>after &&
+	git diff --no-index before after |
+	sed -e "s/before/test-3/" -e "s/after/test-3/" >patch3.patch &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c d e f >test-3 &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c >expect-3 &&
+	x=0 &&
+	while test $x -lt $n
+	do
+		printf "%63s%02d\n" "" $x >>expect-3
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	printf "%64s\n" d e f >>expect-3 &&
+
+	# test 4
+	>before &&
+	x=0 &&
+	while test $x -lt 50
+	do
+		printf "\t%02d\n" $x >>before
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	cat before >after &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c >>after &&
+	while test $x -lt 100
+	do
+		printf "\t%02d\n" $x >>before
+		printf "\t%02d\n" $x >>after
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	git diff --no-index before after |
+	sed -e "s/before/test-4/" -e "s/after/test-4/" >patch4.patch &&
+	>test-4 &&
+	x=0 &&
+	while test $x -lt 50
+	do
+		printf "%63s%02d\n" "" $x >>test-4
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+	cat test-4 >expect-4 &&
+	printf "%64s\n" a b c >>expect-4 &&
+	while test $x -lt 100
+	do
+		printf "%63s%02d\n" "" $x >>test-4
+		printf "%63s%02d\n" "" $x >>expect-4
+		x=$(( $x + 1 ))
+	done &&
+
+	git config core.whitespace tab-in-indent,tabwidth=63 &&
+	git config apply.whitespace fix
+
+'
+
+# Note that `patch` can successfully apply all patches when run
+# with the --ignore-whitespace option.
+
+for t in 1 2 3 4
+do
+	test_expect_success 'apply with ws expansion (t=$t)' '
+		git apply patch$t.patch &&
+		test_cmp test-$t expect-$t
+	'
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4139-apply-escape.sh b/t/t4139-apply-escape.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..45b5660a47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4139-apply-escape.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='paths written by git-apply cannot escape the working tree'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# tests will try to write to ../foo, and we do not
+# want them to escape the trash directory when they
+# fail
+test_expect_success 'bump git repo one level down' '
+	mkdir inside &&
+	mv .git inside/ &&
+	cd inside
+'
+
+# $1 = name of file
+# $2 = current path to file (if different)
+mkpatch_add () {
+	rm -f "${2:-$1}" &&
+	cat <<-EOF
+	diff --git a/$1 b/$1
+	new file mode 100644
+	index 0000000..53c74cd
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/$1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+evil
+	EOF
+}
+
+mkpatch_del () {
+	echo evil >"${2:-$1}" &&
+	cat <<-EOF
+	diff --git a/$1 b/$1
+	deleted file mode 100644
+	index 53c74cd..0000000
+	--- a/$1
+	+++ /dev/null
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-evil
+	EOF
+}
+
+# $1 = name of file
+# $2 = content of symlink
+mkpatch_symlink () {
+	rm -f "$1" &&
+	cat <<-EOF
+	diff --git a/$1 b/$1
+	new file mode 120000
+	index 0000000..$(printf "%s" "$2" | git hash-object --stdin)
+	--- /dev/null
+	+++ b/$1
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+$2
+	\ No newline at end of file
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot create file containing ..' '
+	mkpatch_add ../foo >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'can create file containing .. with --unsafe-paths' '
+	mkpatch_add ../foo >patch &&
+	git apply --unsafe-paths patch &&
+	test_path_is_file ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success  'cannot create file containing .. (index)' '
+	mkpatch_add ../foo >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success  'cannot create file containing .. with --unsafe-paths (index)' '
+	mkpatch_add ../foo >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index --unsafe-paths patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot delete file containing ..' '
+	mkpatch_del ../foo >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
+	test_path_is_file ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'can delete file containing .. with --unsafe-paths' '
+	mkpatch_del ../foo >patch &&
+	git apply --unsafe-paths patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cannot delete file containing .. (index)' '
+	mkpatch_del ../foo >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch &&
+	test_path_is_file ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink escape via ..' '
+	{
+		mkpatch_symlink tmp .. &&
+		mkpatch_add tmp/foo ../foo
+	} >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing tmp &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink escape via .. (index)' '
+	{
+		mkpatch_symlink tmp .. &&
+		mkpatch_add tmp/foo ../foo
+	} >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing tmp &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink escape via absolute path' '
+	{
+		mkpatch_symlink tmp "$(pwd)" &&
+		mkpatch_add tmp/foo ../foo
+	} >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing tmp &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink escape via absolute path (index)' '
+	{
+		mkpatch_symlink tmp "$(pwd)" &&
+		mkpatch_add tmp/foo ../foo
+	} >patch &&
+	test_must_fail git apply --index patch &&
+	test_path_is_missing tmp &&
+	test_path_is_missing ../foo
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4150-am.sh b/t/t4150-am.sh
index ccc0280f52..306e6f39ac 100755
--- a/t/t4150-am.sh
+++ b/t/t4150-am.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: messages' '
 	vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum.
 
 	EOF
-	q_to_tab <<-\EOF >>msg &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<-\EOF >>msg &&
 	QDuis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit
 	Qesse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis
 	Qat vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	git format-patch --stdout first >patch1 &&
 	{
+		echo "Message-Id: <1226501681-24923-1-git-send-email-bda@mnsspb.ru>" &&
 		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line One" &&
 		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line Two" &&
 		echo "X-Fake-Field: Line Three" &&
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch correctly' '
 	git checkout first &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git am <patch1 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail not in a mbox' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail not in a mbox with CRLF' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1-crlf.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am applies patch e-mail with preceding whitespace' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch1-ws.eml &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code second &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse second^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^)"
@@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am changes committer and keeps author' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	git am patch2 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse master^^)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^^)" &&
 	git diff --exit-code master..HEAD &&
 	git diff --exit-code master^..HEAD^ &&
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am --keep really keeps the subject' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	git am --keep patch4 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
 	grep "Re: Re: Re: \[PATCH 1/5 v2\] \[foo\] third" actual
 '
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am --keep-non-patch really keeps the non-patch part' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	git am --keep-non-patch patch4 &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD >actual &&
 	grep "^\[foo\] third" actual
 '
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 falls back to 3-way merge' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
 	git am -3 lorem-move.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem
 '
 
@@ -297,7 +298,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 -p0 can read --no-prefix patch' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "copied stuff" &&
 	git am -3 -p0 lorem-zero.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem
 '
 
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am can rename a file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am rename.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 can rename a file' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am -3 rename.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am -3 can rename a file after falling back to 3-way merge'
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout lorem^0 &&
 	git am -3 rename-add.patch &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff --exit-code rename
 '
@@ -358,11 +359,17 @@ test_expect_success 'am pauses on conflict' '
 test_expect_success 'am --skip works' '
 	echo goodbye >expected &&
 	git am --skip &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code lorem2^^ -- file &&
 	test_cmp expected another
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'am --abort removes a stray directory' '
+	mkdir .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git am --abort &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'am --resolved works' '
 	echo goodbye >expected &&
 	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
@@ -373,7 +380,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am --resolved works' '
 	echo resolved >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git am --resolved &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	test_cmp expected another
 '
 
@@ -382,7 +389,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am takes patches from a Pine mailbox' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout first &&
 	cat pine patch1 | git am &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
 	git diff --exit-code master^..HEAD
 '
 
@@ -391,7 +398,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am fails on mail without patch' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
 	git am --abort &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am fails on empty patch' '
@@ -400,7 +407,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am fails on empty patch' '
 	echo "---" >>failmail &&
 	test_must_fail git am <failmail &&
 	git am --skip &&
-	! test -d .git/rebase-apply
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'am works from stdin in subdirectory' '
@@ -525,8 +532,30 @@ test_expect_success 'am empty-file does not infloop' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	touch empty-file &&
 	test_tick &&
-	{ git am empty-file > actual 2>&1 && false || :; } &&
+	test_must_fail git am empty-file 2>actual &&
 	echo Patch format detection failed. >expected &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --message-id really adds the message id' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git am --message-id patch1.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | tail -n1 >actual &&
+	grep Message-Id patch1.eml >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'am --message-id -s signs off after the message id' '
+	rm -fr .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	git am -s --message-id patch1.eml &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/rebase-apply &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD | tail -n2 | head -n1 >actual &&
+	grep Message-Id patch1.eml >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4151-am-abort.sh b/t/t4151-am-abort.sh
index 1176bcccf3..8d90634ab8 100755
--- a/t/t4151-am-abort.sh
+++ b/t/t4151-am-abort.sh
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		echo $i >otherfile-$i &&
 		git add otherfile-$i &&
 		test_tick &&
-		git commit -a -m $i || break
+		git commit -a -m $i || return 1
 	done &&
 	git format-patch --no-numbered initial &&
 	git checkout -b side initial &&
diff --git a/t/t4200-rerere.sh b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
index 36255d608a..ed9c91e25b 100755
--- a/t/t4200-rerere.sh
+++ b/t/t4200-rerere.sh
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ test_expect_success 'first postimage wins' '
 	git show second^:a1 | sed "s/To die: t/To die! T/" >a1 &&
 	git commit -q -a -m third &&
 
-	test_must_fail git pull . first &&
+	test_must_fail git merge first &&
 	# rerere kicked in
 	! grep "^=======\$" a1 &&
 	test_cmp expect a1
@@ -382,13 +382,13 @@ test_expect_success 'rerere --no-no-rerere-autoupdate' '
 	git update-index --index-info <failedmerge &&
 	cp file3.conflict file3 &&
 	test_must_fail git rerere --no-no-rerere-autoupdate 2>err &&
-	grep [Uu]sage err &&
+	test_i18ngrep [Uu]sage err &&
 	test_must_fail git update-index --refresh
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rerere -h' '
 	test_must_fail git rerere -h >help &&
-	grep [Uu]sage help
+	test_i18ngrep [Uu]sage help
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
index 6872ba1a42..7600a3e3e8 100755
--- a/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
+++ b/t/t4201-shortlog.sh
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ test_expect_success 'output from user-defined format is re-wrapped' '
 	test_cmp expect log.predictable
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'shortlog wrapping' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'shortlog wrapping' '
 	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
 A U Thor (5):
       Test
@@ -114,12 +114,36 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expect out
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'shortlog from non-git directory' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'shortlog from non-git directory' '
 	git log HEAD >log &&
 	GIT_DIR=non-existing git shortlog -w <log >out &&
 	test_cmp expect out
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'shortlog should add newline when input line matches wraplen' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+A U Thor (2):
+      bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb: bbbbbbbb bbb bbbb bbbbbbb bb bbbb bbb bbbbb bbbbbb
+      aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa aaaaaaaa aa aaaa aa aaa
+
+EOF
+	git shortlog -w >out <<\EOF &&
+commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000001
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: aaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaa aaaaaaaa aa aaaa aa aaa
+
+commit 0000000000000000000000000000000000000002
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700
+
+    bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb: bbbbbbbb bbb bbbb bbbbbbb bb bbbb bbb bbbbb bbbbbb
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect out
+'
+
 iconvfromutf8toiso88591() {
 	printf "%s" "$*" | iconv -f UTF-8 -t ISO8859-1
 }
@@ -135,7 +159,7 @@ $DSCHO (2):
 
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'shortlog encoding' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'shortlog encoding' '
 	git reset --hard "$commit" &&
 	git config --unset i18n.commitencoding &&
 	echo 2 > a1 &&
@@ -148,4 +172,26 @@ test_expect_success 'shortlog encoding' '
 	git shortlog HEAD~2.. > out &&
 test_cmp expect out'
 
+test_expect_success 'shortlog ignores commits with missing authors' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m normal &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m soon-to-be-broken &&
+	git cat-file commit HEAD >commit.tmp &&
+	sed "/^author/d" commit.tmp >broken.tmp &&
+	commit=$(git hash-object -w -t commit --stdin <broken.tmp) &&
+	git update-ref HEAD $commit &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor (1):
+	      normal
+
+	EOF
+	git shortlog HEAD~2.. >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shortlog with revision pseudo options' '
+	git shortlog --all &&
+	git shortlog --branches &&
+	git shortlog --exclude=refs/heads/m* --all
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index 222f7559e9..1b2e981a00 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 test_description='git log'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 
@@ -72,9 +73,9 @@ cat > expect << EOF
   commit.
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'format %w(12,1,2)' '
+test_expect_success 'format %w(11,1,2)' '
 
-	git log -2 --format="%w(12,1,2)This is the %s commit." > actual &&
+	git log -2 --format="%w(11,1,2)This is the %s commit." > actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -112,11 +113,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-filter=M' '
 
 	actual=$(git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=M HEAD) &&
 	expect=$(echo second) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
 
 '
 
@@ -124,11 +121,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-filter=D' '
 
 	actual=$(git log --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=D HEAD) &&
 	expect=$(echo sixth ; echo third) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
 
 '
 
@@ -136,11 +129,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-filter=R' '
 
 	actual=$(git log -M --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=R HEAD) &&
 	expect=$(echo third) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
 
 '
 
@@ -148,11 +137,7 @@ test_expect_success 'diff-filter=C' '
 
 	actual=$(git log -C -C --pretty="format:%s" --diff-filter=C HEAD) &&
 	expect=$(echo fourth) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
 
 '
 
@@ -160,11 +145,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git log --follow' '
 
 	actual=$(git log --follow --pretty="format:%s" ichi) &&
 	expect=$(echo third ; echo second ; echo initial) &&
-	test "$actual" = "$expect" || {
-		echo Oops
-		echo "Actual: $actual"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$actual" = "$expect"
 
 '
 
@@ -178,11 +159,21 @@ test_expect_success 'git log --no-walk <commits> sorts by commit time' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git log --no-walk=sorted <commits> sorts by commit time' '
+	git log --no-walk=sorted --oneline 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat > expect << EOF
 5d31159 fourth
 804a787 sixth
 394ef78 fifth
 EOF
+test_expect_success 'git log --no-walk=unsorted <commits> leaves list of commits as given' '
+	git log --no-walk=unsorted --oneline 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git show <commits> leaves list of commits as given' '
 	git show --oneline -s 5d31159 804a787 394ef78 > actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -201,6 +192,21 @@ test_expect_success 'log --grep' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat > expect << EOF
+second
+initial
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'log --invert-grep --grep' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%s" --invert-grep --grep=th --grep=Sec >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --invert-grep --grep -i' '
+	echo initial >expect &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%s" --invert-grep -i --grep=th --grep=Sec >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'log --grep option parsing' '
 	echo second >expect &&
 	git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" --grep sec >actual &&
@@ -220,6 +226,12 @@ test_expect_success 'log --grep -i' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log -F -E --grep=<ere> uses ere' '
+	echo second >expect &&
+	git log -1 --pretty="tformat:%s" -F -E --grep=s.c.nd >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 cat > expect <<EOF
 * Second
 * sixth
@@ -264,6 +276,16 @@ test_expect_success 'log --graph with merge' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'log --raw --graph -m with merge' '
+	git log --raw --graph --oneline -m master | head -n 500 >actual &&
+	grep "initial" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff-tree --graph' '
+	git diff-tree --graph master^ | head -n 500 >actual &&
+	grep "one" actual
+'
+
 cat > expect <<\EOF
 *   commit master
 |\  Merge: A B
@@ -393,8 +415,6 @@ test_expect_success 'log --graph with merge' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-
 	git log --oneline >expect.none &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >expect.short &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >expect.full &&
@@ -403,8 +423,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate true &&
+	test_config log.decorate true &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
@@ -412,8 +431,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=no >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate no &&
+	test_config log.decorate no &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >actual &&
@@ -421,8 +439,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate 1 &&
+	test_config log.decorate 1 &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
@@ -430,8 +447,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=no >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate short &&
+	test_config log.decorate short &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 	git log --oneline --no-decorate >actual &&
@@ -439,25 +455,23 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 	git log --oneline --decorate=full >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
-	git config log.decorate full &&
+	test_config log.decorate full &&
 	git log --oneline >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.full actual &&
 	git log --oneline --no-decorate >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.none actual &&
 	git log --oneline --decorate >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect.short actual
+	test_cmp expect.short actual &&
 
-	git config --unset-all log.decorate &&
+	test_unconfig log.decorate &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >expect.raw &&
-	git config log.decorate full &&
+	test_config log.decorate full &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.raw actual
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reflog is expected format' '
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section log &&
 	git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline >expect &&
 	git reflog >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -470,10 +484,6 @@ test_expect_success 'whatchanged is expected format' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log.abbrevCommit configuration' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset log.abbrevCommit" &&
-
-	test_might_fail git config --unset log.abbrevCommit &&
-
 	git log --abbrev-commit >expect.log.abbrev &&
 	git log --no-abbrev-commit >expect.log.full &&
 	git log --pretty=raw >expect.log.raw &&
@@ -482,7 +492,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.abbrevCommit configuration' '
 	git whatchanged --abbrev-commit >expect.whatchanged.abbrev &&
 	git whatchanged --no-abbrev-commit >expect.whatchanged.full &&
 
-	git config log.abbrevCommit true &&
+	test_config log.abbrevCommit true &&
 
 	git log >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect.log.abbrev actual &&
@@ -516,4 +526,349 @@ test_expect_success 'show added path under "--follow -M"' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git log -c --follow' '
+	test_create_repo follow-c &&
+	(
+		cd follow-c &&
+		test_commit initial file original &&
+		git rm file &&
+		test_commit rename file2 original &&
+		git reset --hard initial &&
+		test_commit modify file foo &&
+		git merge -m merge rename &&
+		git log -c --follow file2
+	)
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+*   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     Merge HEADS DESCRIPTION
+| |
+| * commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     reach
+| | ---
+| |  reach.t | 1 +
+| |  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| |
+| | diff --git a/reach.t b/reach.t
+| | new file mode 100644
+| | index 0000000..10c9591
+| | --- /dev/null
+| | +++ b/reach.t
+| | @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | +reach
+| |
+|  \
+*-. \   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|\ \ \  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | |
+| | | |     Merge HEADS DESCRIPTION
+| | | |
+| | * | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | |/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | |
+| | |       octopus-b
+| | |   ---
+| | |    octopus-b.t | 1 +
+| | |    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | |
+| | |   diff --git a/octopus-b.t b/octopus-b.t
+| | |   new file mode 100644
+| | |   index 0000000..d5fcad0
+| | |   --- /dev/null
+| | |   +++ b/octopus-b.t
+| | |   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | |   +octopus-b
+| | |
+| * | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| |/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |       octopus-a
+| |   ---
+| |    octopus-a.t | 1 +
+| |    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| |
+| |   diff --git a/octopus-a.t b/octopus-a.t
+| |   new file mode 100644
+| |   index 0000000..11ee015
+| |   --- /dev/null
+| |   +++ b/octopus-a.t
+| |   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| |   +octopus-a
+| |
+* | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|
+|       seventh
+|   ---
+|    seventh.t | 1 +
+|    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+|
+|   diff --git a/seventh.t b/seventh.t
+|   new file mode 100644
+|   index 0000000..9744ffc
+|   --- /dev/null
+|   +++ b/seventh.t
+|   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+|   +seventh
+|
+*   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |     Merge branch 'tangle'
+| |
+| *   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| |\  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | |
+| | |     Merge branch 'side' (early part) into tangle
+| | |
+| * |   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| |\ \  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | |
+| | | |     Merge branch 'master' (early part) into tangle
+| | | |
+| * | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | |
+| | | |     tangle-a
+| | | | ---
+| | | |  tangle-a | 1 +
+| | | |  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | | |
+| | | | diff --git a/tangle-a b/tangle-a
+| | | | new file mode 100644
+| | | | index 0000000..7898192
+| | | | --- /dev/null
+| | | | +++ b/tangle-a
+| | | | @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | | | +a
+| | | |
+* | | |   commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|\ \ \ \  Merge: MERGE_PARENTS
+| | | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | | |
+| | | | |     Merge branch 'side'
+| | | | |
+| * | | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | |_|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |/| |
+| | | |       side-2
+| | | |   ---
+| | | |    2 | 1 +
+| | | |    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | | |
+| | | |   diff --git a/2 b/2
+| | | |   new file mode 100644
+| | | |   index 0000000..0cfbf08
+| | | |   --- /dev/null
+| | | |   +++ b/2
+| | | |   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | | |   +2
+| | | |
+| * | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | |
+| | | |     side-1
+| | | | ---
+| | | |  1 | 1 +
+| | | |  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | | |
+| | | | diff --git a/1 b/1
+| | | | new file mode 100644
+| | | | index 0000000..d00491f
+| | | | --- /dev/null
+| | | | +++ b/1
+| | | | @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | | | +1
+| | | |
+* | | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | | |
+| | | |     Second
+| | | | ---
+| | | |  one | 1 +
+| | | |  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | | |
+| | | | diff --git a/one b/one
+| | | | new file mode 100644
+| | | | index 0000000..9a33383
+| | | | --- /dev/null
+| | | | +++ b/one
+| | | | @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | | | +case
+| | | |
+* | | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| |_|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|/| |
+| | |       sixth
+| | |   ---
+| | |    a/two | 1 -
+| | |    1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)
+| | |
+| | |   diff --git a/a/two b/a/two
+| | |   deleted file mode 100644
+| | |   index 9245af5..0000000
+| | |   --- a/a/two
+| | |   +++ /dev/null
+| | |   @@ -1 +0,0 @@
+| | |   -ni
+| | |
+* | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| | | Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| | |
+| | |     fifth
+| | | ---
+| | |  a/two | 1 +
+| | |  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| | |
+| | | diff --git a/a/two b/a/two
+| | | new file mode 100644
+| | | index 0000000..9245af5
+| | | --- /dev/null
+| | | +++ b/a/two
+| | | @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| | | +ni
+| | |
+* | | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|/ /  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+| |
+| |       fourth
+| |   ---
+| |    ein | 1 +
+| |    1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+| |
+| |   diff --git a/ein b/ein
+| |   new file mode 100644
+| |   index 0000000..9d7e69f
+| |   --- /dev/null
+| |   +++ b/ein
+| |   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+| |   +ichi
+| |
+* | commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+|/  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|
+|       third
+|   ---
+|    ichi | 1 +
+|    one  | 1 -
+|    2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
+|
+|   diff --git a/ichi b/ichi
+|   new file mode 100644
+|   index 0000000..9d7e69f
+|   --- /dev/null
+|   +++ b/ichi
+|   @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+|   +ichi
+|   diff --git a/one b/one
+|   deleted file mode 100644
+|   index 9d7e69f..0000000
+|   --- a/one
+|   +++ /dev/null
+|   @@ -1 +0,0 @@
+|   -ichi
+|
+* commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+| Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+|
+|     second
+| ---
+|  one | 2 +-
+|  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
+|
+| diff --git a/one b/one
+| index 5626abf..9d7e69f 100644
+| --- a/one
+| +++ b/one
+| @@ -1 +1 @@
+| -one
+| +ichi
+|
+* commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME
+  Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+
+      initial
+  ---
+   one | 1 +
+   1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
+
+  diff --git a/one b/one
+  new file mode 100644
+  index 0000000..5626abf
+  --- /dev/null
+  +++ b/one
+  @@ -0,0 +1 @@
+  +one
+EOF
+
+sanitize_output () {
+	sed -e 's/ *$//' \
+	    -e 's/commit [0-9a-f]*$/commit COMMIT_OBJECT_NAME/' \
+	    -e 's/Merge: [ 0-9a-f]*$/Merge: MERGE_PARENTS/' \
+	    -e 's/Merge tag.*/Merge HEADS DESCRIPTION/' \
+	    -e 's/Merge commit.*/Merge HEADS DESCRIPTION/' \
+	    -e 's/, 0 deletions(-)//' \
+	    -e 's/, 0 insertions(+)//' \
+	    -e 's/ 1 files changed, / 1 file changed, /' \
+	    -e 's/, 1 deletions(-)/, 1 deletion(-)/' \
+	    -e 's/, 1 insertions(+)/, 1 insertion(+)/'
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'log --graph with diff and stats' '
+	git log --graph --pretty=short --stat -p >actual &&
+	sanitize_output >actual.sanitized <actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual.sanitized
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dotdot is a parent directory' '
+	mkdir -p a/b &&
+	( echo sixth && echo fifth ) >expect &&
+	( cd a/b && git log --format=%s .. ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'log --graph --show-signature' '
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard && git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout -b signed master &&
+	echo foo >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -S -m signed_commit &&
+	git log --graph --show-signature -n1 signed >actual &&
+	grep "^| gpg: Signature made" actual &&
+	grep "^| gpg: Good signature" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'log --graph --show-signature for merged tag' '
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard && git checkout master" &&
+	git checkout -b plain master &&
+	echo aaa >bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	git commit -m bar_commit &&
+	git checkout -b tagged master &&
+	echo bbb >baz &&
+	git add baz &&
+	git commit -m baz_commit &&
+	git tag -s -m signed_tag_msg signed_tag &&
+	git checkout plain &&
+	git merge --no-ff -m msg signed_tag &&
+	git log --graph --show-signature -n1 plain >actual &&
+	grep "^|\\\  merged tag" actual &&
+	grep "^| | gpg: Signature made" actual &&
+	grep "^| | gpg: Good signature" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --graph --no-walk is forbidden' '
+	test_must_fail git log --graph --no-walk
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
index 1f182f612c..0dd8b65d7c 100755
--- a/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
+++ b/t/t4203-mailmap.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,11 @@ fuzz_blame () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	cat >contacts <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+
 	echo one >one &&
 	git add one &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -23,6 +28,44 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git commit --author "nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" -m second
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap no arguments' '
+	test_must_fail git check-mailmap
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap arguments' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	git check-mailmap \
+		"A U Thor <author@example.com>" \
+		"nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap --stdin' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	git check-mailmap --stdin <contacts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap --stdin arguments' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Internal Guy <bugs@company.xy>
+	EOF
+	cat <contacts >>expect &&
+	git check-mailmap --stdin "Internal Guy <bugs@company.xy>" \
+		<contacts >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check-mailmap bogus contact' '
+	test_must_fail git check-mailmap bogus
+'
+
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 A U Thor (1):
       initial
@@ -149,6 +192,136 @@ test_expect_success 'No mailmap files, but configured' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup mailmap blob tests' '
+	git checkout -b map &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	cat >just-bugs <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	cat >both <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy <author@example.com>
+	Blob Guy <bugs@company.xx>
+	EOF
+	printf "Tricky Guy <author@example.com>" >no-newline &&
+	git add just-bugs both no-newline &&
+	git commit -m "my mailmaps" &&
+	echo "Repo Guy <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	echo "Internal Guy <author@example.com>" >internal.map
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob set' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (1):
+	      second
+
+	Repo Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:just-bugs shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob overrides .mailmap' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (2):
+	      initial
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:both shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.file overrides mailmap.blob' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Blob Guy (1):
+	      second
+
+	Internal Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	EOF
+	git \
+	  -c mailmap.blob=map:both \
+	  -c mailmap.file=internal.map \
+	  shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob can be missing' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Repo Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	nick1 (1):
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:nonexistent shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob defaults to off in non-bare repo' '
+	git init non-bare &&
+	(
+		cd non-bare &&
+		test_commit one .mailmap "Fake Name <author@example.com>" &&
+		echo "     1	Fake Name" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		rm .mailmap &&
+		echo "     1	A U Thor" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob defaults to HEAD:.mailmap in bare repo' '
+	git clone --bare non-bare bare &&
+	(
+		cd bare &&
+		echo "     1	Fake Name" >expect &&
+		git shortlog -ns HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailmap.blob can handle blobs without trailing newline' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	Tricky Guy (1):
+	      initial
+
+	nick1 (1):
+	      second
+
+	EOF
+	git -c mailmap.blob=map:no-newline shortlog HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup after mailmap.blob tests' '
+	rm -f .mailmap
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single-character name' '
+	echo "     1	A <author@example.com>" >expect &&
+	echo "     1	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >>expect &&
+	echo "A <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	test_when_finished "rm .mailmap" &&
+	git shortlog -es HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'preserve canonical email case' '
+	echo "     1	A U Thor <AUTHOR@example.com>" >expect &&
+	echo "     1	nick1 <bugs@company.xx>" >>expect &&
+	echo "<AUTHOR@example.com> <author@example.com>" >.mailmap &&
+	test_when_finished "rm .mailmap" &&
+	git shortlog -es HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 # Extended mailmap configurations should give us the following output for shortlog
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 A U Thor <author@example.com> (1):
@@ -239,6 +412,62 @@ test_expect_success 'Log output (complex mapping)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: CTO <cto@company.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Other Author <other@author.xx>
+Author: Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Log output with log.mailmap' '
+	git -c log.mailmap=True log | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Grep author with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap --author Santa | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+Author: Santa Claus <santa.claus@northpole.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Grep author with log.mailmap' '
+	git -c log.mailmap=True log --author Santa | grep Author >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+>expect
+
+test_expect_success 'Only grep replaced author with --use-mailmap' '
+	git log --use-mailmap --author "<cto@coompany.xx>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 # git blame
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 ^OBJI (A U Thor     DATE 1) one
@@ -255,4 +484,15 @@ test_expect_success 'Blame output (complex mapping)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual.fuzz
 '
 
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+Some Dude <some@dude.xx>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --author honors mailmap' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --author "nick" --allow-empty -meight &&
+	git commit --author "Some Dude" --allow-empty -meight &&
+	git show --pretty=format:"%an <%ae>%n" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4204-patch-id.sh b/t/t4204-patch-id.sh
index d2c930de87..baa9d3c82e 100755
--- a/t/t4204-patch-id.sh
+++ b/t/t4204-patch-id.sh
@@ -5,27 +5,44 @@ test_description='git patch-id'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-	test_commit initial foo a &&
-	test_commit first foo b &&
-	git checkout -b same HEAD^ &&
-	test_commit same-msg foo b &&
-	git checkout -b notsame HEAD^ &&
-	test_commit notsame-msg foo c
+	as="a a a a a a a a" && # eight a
+	test_write_lines $as >foo &&
+	test_write_lines $as >bar &&
+	git add foo bar &&
+	git commit -a -m initial &&
+	test_write_lines $as b >foo &&
+	test_write_lines $as b >bar &&
+	git commit -a -m first &&
+	git checkout -b same master &&
+	git commit --amend -m same-msg &&
+	git checkout -b notsame master &&
+	echo c >foo &&
+	echo c >bar &&
+	git commit --amend -a -m notsame-msg &&
+	test_write_lines bar foo >bar-then-foo &&
+	test_write_lines foo bar >foo-then-bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'patch-id output is well-formed' '
-	git log -p -1 | git patch-id > output &&
+	git log -p -1 | git patch-id >output &&
 	grep "^[a-f0-9]\{40\} $(git rev-parse HEAD)$" output
 '
 
+#calculate patch id. Make sure output is not empty.
 calc_patch_id () {
-	git patch-id |
-		sed "s# .*##" > patch-id_"$1"
+	name="$1"
+	shift
+	git patch-id "$@" |
+	sed "s/ .*//" >patch-id_"$name" &&
+	test_line_count -gt 0 patch-id_"$name"
+}
+
+get_top_diff () {
+	git log -p -1 "$@" -O bar-then-foo --
 }
 
 get_patch_id () {
-	git log -p -1 "$1" | git patch-id |
-		sed "s# .*##" > patch-id_"$1"
+	get_top_diff "$1" | calc_patch_id "$@"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'patch-id detects equality' '
@@ -45,8 +62,8 @@ test_expect_success 'patch-id supports git-format-patch output' '
 	git checkout same &&
 	git format-patch -1 --stdout | calc_patch_id same &&
 	test_cmp patch-id_master patch-id_same &&
-	set `git format-patch -1 --stdout | git patch-id` &&
-	test "$2" = `git rev-parse HEAD`
+	set $(git format-patch -1 --stdout | git patch-id) &&
+	test "$2" = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'whitespace is irrelevant in footer' '
@@ -56,6 +73,69 @@ test_expect_success 'whitespace is irrelevant in footer' '
 	test_cmp patch-id_master patch-id_same
 '
 
+cmp_patch_id () {
+	if
+		test "$1" = "relevant"
+	then
+		! test_cmp patch-id_"$2" patch-id_"$3"
+	else
+		test_cmp patch-id_"$2" patch-id_"$3"
+	fi
+}
+
+test_patch_id_file_order () {
+	relevant="$1"
+	shift
+	name="order-${1}-$relevant"
+	shift
+	get_top_diff "master" | calc_patch_id "$name" "$@" &&
+	git checkout same &&
+	git format-patch -1 --stdout -O foo-then-bar |
+		calc_patch_id "ordered-$name" "$@" &&
+	cmp_patch_id $relevant "$name" "ordered-$name"
+
+}
+
+# combined test for options: add more tests here to make them
+# run with all options
+test_patch_id () {
+	test_patch_id_file_order "$@"
+}
+
+# small tests with detailed diagnostic for basic options.
+test_expect_success 'file order is irrelevant with --stable' '
+	test_patch_id_file_order irrelevant --stable --stable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'file order is relevant with --unstable' '
+	test_patch_id_file_order relevant --unstable --unstable
+'
+
+#Now test various option combinations.
+test_expect_success 'default is unstable' '
+	test_patch_id relevant default
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patchid.stable = true is stable' '
+	test_config patchid.stable true &&
+	test_patch_id irrelevant patchid.stable=true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'patchid.stable = false is unstable' '
+	test_config patchid.stable false &&
+	test_patch_id relevant patchid.stable=false
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--unstable overrides patchid.stable = true' '
+	test_config patchid.stable true &&
+	test_patch_id relevant patchid.stable=true--unstable --unstable
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stable overrides patchid.stable = false' '
+	test_config patchid.stable false &&
+	test_patch_id irrelevant patchid.stable=false--stable --stable
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'patch-id supports git-format-patch MIME output' '
 	get_patch_id master &&
 	git checkout same &&
diff --git a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
index 2ae9faa8b3..7398605e7b 100755
--- a/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
+++ b/t/t4205-log-pretty-formats.sh
@@ -1,20 +1,41 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2010, Will Palmer
+# Copyright (c) 2011, Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
 #
 
 test_description='Test pretty formats'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+# Tested non-UTF-8 encoding
+test_encoding="ISO8859-1"
+
+sample_utf8_part=$(printf "f\303\244ng")
+
+commit_msg () {
+	# String "initial. initial" partly in German
+	# (translated with Google Translate),
+	# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+	msg="initial. an${sample_utf8_part}lich\n"
+	if test -n "$1"
+	then
+		printf "$msg" | iconv -f utf-8 -t "$1"
+	else
+		printf "$msg"
+	fi
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'set up basic repos' '
 	>foo &&
 	>bar &&
 	git add foo &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m initial &&
+	git config i18n.commitEncoding $test_encoding &&
+	commit_msg $test_encoding | git commit -F - &&
 	git add bar &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "add bar"
+	git commit -m "add bar" &&
+	git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'alias builtin format' '
@@ -38,6 +59,20 @@ test_expect_success 'alias user-defined format' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat with %s (ISO8859-1 encoding)' '
+	git config i18n.logOutputEncoding $test_encoding &&
+	git log --oneline >expected-s &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %s" >actual-s &&
+	git config --unset i18n.logOutputEncoding &&
+	test_cmp expected-s actual-s
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat with %s (utf-8 encoding)' '
+	git log --oneline >expected-s &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %s" >actual-s &&
+	test_cmp expected-s actual-s
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'alias user-defined tformat' '
 	git log --pretty="tformat:%h" >expected &&
 	git config pretty.test-alias "tformat:%h" &&
@@ -71,4 +106,374 @@ test_expect_success 'alias loop' '
 	test_must_fail git log --pretty=test-foo
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'NUL separation' '
+	printf "add bar\0$(commit_msg)" >expected &&
+	git log -z --pretty="format:%s" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'NUL termination' '
+	printf "add bar\0$(commit_msg)\0" >expected &&
+	git log -z --pretty="tformat:%s" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'NUL separation with --stat' '
+	stat0_part=$(git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD) &&
+	stat1_part=$(git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat --root HEAD^) &&
+	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0$(commit_msg)\n$stat1_part\n" >expected &&
+	git log -z --stat --pretty="format:%s" >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'NUL termination with --stat' '
+	stat0_part=$(git diff --stat HEAD^ HEAD) &&
+	stat1_part=$(git diff-tree --no-commit-id --stat --root HEAD^) &&
+	printf "add bar\n$stat0_part\n\0$(commit_msg)\n$stat1_part\n0" >expected &&
+	git log -z --stat --pretty="tformat:%s" >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup more commits' '
+	test_commit "message one" one one message-one &&
+	test_commit "message two" two two message-two &&
+	head1=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~0) &&
+	head2=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~1) &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~2) &&
+	head4=$(git rev-parse --verify --short HEAD~3)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+message two                            Z
+message one                            Z
+add bar                                Z
+$(commit_msg)                    Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+message two                            Z
+message one                            Z
+add bar                                Z
+$(commit_msg)                    Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %<|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1 message two                    Z
+$head2 message one                    Z
+$head3 add bar                        Z
+$head4 $(commit_msg)            Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting at the nth column. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%h %<|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+$head1 message two                    Z
+$head2 message one                    Z
+$head3 add bar                        Z
+$head4 $(commit_msg)            Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with no padding. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with trunc' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,trunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+message ..
+message ..
+add bar  Z
+initial...
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with trunc. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,trunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+message ..
+message ..
+add bar  Z
+initial...
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with ltrunc' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,ltrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+..sage two
+..sage one
+add bar  Z
+..${sample_utf8_part}lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with ltrunc. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,ltrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+..sage two
+..sage one
+add bar  Z
+..${sample_utf8_part}lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with mtrunc' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,mtrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+mess.. two
+mess.. one
+add bar  Z
+init..lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left alignment formatting with mtrunc. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,mtrunc)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+mess.. two
+mess.. one
+add bar  Z
+init..lich
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%>(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+Z                            message two
+Z                            message one
+Z                                add bar
+Z                    $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%>(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+Z                            message two
+Z                            message one
+Z                                add bar
+Z                    $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %>|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1                      message two
+$head2                      message one
+$head3                          add bar
+$head4              $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting at the nth column. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%h %>|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+$head1                      message two
+$head2                      message one
+$head3                          add bar
+$head4              $(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%>(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'right alignment formatting with no padding. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%>(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%><(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+Z             message two              Z
+Z             message one              Z
+Z               add bar                Z
+Z         $(commit_msg)          Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%><(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+Z             message two              Z
+Z             message one              Z
+Z               add bar                Z
+Z         $(commit_msg)          Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting at the nth column' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%h %><|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1           message two          Z
+$head2           message one          Z
+$head3             add bar            Z
+$head4       $(commit_msg)      Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting at the nth column. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%h %><|(40)%s" >actual &&
+	qz_to_tab_space <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+$head1           message two          Z
+$head2           message one          Z
+$head3             add bar            Z
+$head4       $(commit_msg)      Z
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting with no padding' '
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%><(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+# save HEAD's SHA-1 digest (with no abbreviations) to use it below
+# as far as the next test amends HEAD
+old_head1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD~0)
+test_expect_success 'center alignment formatting with no padding. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%><(1)%s" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+message two
+message one
+add bar
+$(commit_msg)
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'left/right alignment formatting with stealing' '
+	git commit --amend -m short --author "long long long <long@me.com>" &&
+	git log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,trunc)%s%>>(10,ltrunc)% an" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+short long  long long
+message ..   A U Thor
+add bar      A U Thor
+initial...   A U Thor
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+test_expect_success 'left/right alignment formatting with stealing. i18n.logOutputEncoding' '
+	git -c i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding log --pretty="tformat:%<(10,trunc)%s%>>(10,ltrunc)% an" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding >expected &&
+short long  long long
+message ..   A U Thor
+add bar      A U Thor
+initial...   A U Thor
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'strbuf_utf8_replace() not producing NUL' '
+	git log --color --pretty="tformat:%<(10,trunc)%s%>>(10,ltrunc)%C(auto)%d" |
+		test_decode_color |
+		nul_to_q >actual &&
+	! grep Q actual
+'
+
+# ISO strict date format
+test_expect_success 'ISO and ISO-strict date formats display the same values' '
+	git log --format=%ai%n%ci |
+	sed -e "s/ /T/; s/ //; s/..\$/:&/" >expected &&
+	git log --format=%aI%n%cI >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+# get new digests (with no abbreviations)
+head1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD~0) &&
+head2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD~1) &&
+
+test_expect_success 'log decoration properly follows tag chain' '
+	git tag -a tag1 -m tag1 &&
+	git tag -a tag2 -m tag2 tag1 &&
+	git tag -d tag1 &&
+	git commit --amend -m shorter &&
+	git log --no-walk --tags --pretty="%H %d" --decorate=full >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expected &&
+$head1  (tag: refs/tags/tag2)
+$head2  (tag: refs/tags/message-one)
+$old_head1  (tag: refs/tags/message-two)
+EOF
+	sort actual >actual1 &&
+	test_cmp expected actual1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clean log decoration' '
+	git log --no-walk --tags --pretty="%H %D" --decorate=full >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+$head1 tag: refs/tags/tag2
+$head2 tag: refs/tags/message-one
+$old_head1 tag: refs/tags/message-two
+EOF
+	sort actual >actual1 &&
+	test_cmp expected actual1
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh b/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
index bbde31b019..f8008b6a3d 100755
--- a/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
+++ b/t/t4207-log-decoration-colors.sh
@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_HEAD}HEAD${c_reset}${c_commit},\
- ${c_tag}tag: v1.0${c_reset}${c_commit},\
- ${c_tag}tag: B${c_reset}${c_commit},\
- ${c_branch}master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} B
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_tag}tag: A1${c_reset}${c_commit},\
- ${c_remoteBranch}other/master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A1
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_stash}refs/stash${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset}\
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_reset}${c_HEAD}HEAD${c_reset}${c_commit} ->\
+ ${c_reset}${c_branch}master${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+ ${c_reset}${c_tag}tag: v1.0${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+ ${c_reset}${c_tag}tag: B${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} B
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_reset}${c_tag}tag: A1${c_reset}${c_commit},\
+ ${c_reset}${c_remoteBranch}other/master${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A1
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_reset}${c_stash}refs/stash${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset}\
  On master: Changes to A.t
-${c_commit}COMMIT_ID (${c_tag}tag: A${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A
+${c_commit}COMMIT_ID${c_reset}${c_commit} (${c_reset}${c_tag}tag: A${c_reset}${c_commit})${c_reset} A
 EOF
 
 # We want log to show all, but the second parent to refs/stash is irrelevant
diff --git a/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh b/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
index 2c482b622b..d8f23f488e 100755
--- a/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
+++ b/t/t4208-log-magic-pathspec.sh
@@ -11,11 +11,24 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	mkdir sub
 '
 
-test_expect_success '"git log :/" should be ambiguous' '
-	test_must_fail git log :/ 2>error &&
+test_expect_success '"git log :/" should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log :/
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git log :/a" should be ambiguous (applied both rev and worktree)' '
+	: >a &&
+	test_must_fail git log :/a 2>error &&
 	grep ambiguous error
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git log :/a -- " should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log :/a --
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git log -- :/a" should not be ambiguous' '
+	git log -- :/a
+'
+
 test_expect_success '"git log :" should be ambiguous' '
 	test_must_fail git log : 2>error &&
 	grep ambiguous error
@@ -33,4 +46,19 @@ test_expect_success 'git log HEAD -- :/' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'command line pathspec parsing for "git log"' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	>a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m "add an empty a" --allow-empty &&
+	echo 1 >a &&
+	git commit -a -m "update a to 1" &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	echo 2 >a &&
+	git commit -a -m "update a to 2" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git add a &&
+	git log --merge -- a
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh b/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..844df760f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4209-log-pickaxe.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='log --grep/--author/--regexp-ignore-case/-S/-G'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_log () {
+	expect=$1
+	kind=$2
+	needle=$3
+	shift 3
+	rest=$@
+
+	case $kind in
+	--*)
+		opt=$kind=$needle
+		;;
+	*)
+		opt=$kind$needle
+		;;
+	esac
+	case $expect in
+	expect_nomatch)
+		match=nomatch
+		;;
+	*)
+		match=match
+		;;
+	esac
+
+	test_expect_success "log $kind${rest:+ $rest} ($match)" "
+		git log $rest $opt --format=%H >actual &&
+		test_cmp $expect actual
+	"
+}
+
+# test -i and --regexp-ignore-case and expect both to behave the same way
+test_log_icase () {
+	test_log $@ --regexp-ignore-case
+	test_log $@ -i
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	>expect_nomatch &&
+
+	>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >expect_initial &&
+
+	echo Picked >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --author="Another Person <another@example.com>" -m second &&
+	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >expect_second
+'
+
+test_log	expect_initial	--grep initial
+test_log	expect_nomatch	--grep InItial
+test_log_icase	expect_initial	--grep InItial
+test_log_icase	expect_nomatch	--grep initail
+
+test_log	expect_second	--author Person
+test_log	expect_nomatch	--author person
+test_log_icase	expect_second	--author person
+test_log_icase	expect_nomatch	--author spreon
+
+test_log	expect_nomatch	-G picked
+test_log	expect_second	-G Picked
+test_log_icase	expect_nomatch	-G pickle
+test_log_icase	expect_second	-G picked
+
+test_expect_success 'log -G --textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Gfoo &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -G --no-textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Gfoo --no-textconv >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_nomatch actual &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_log	expect_nomatch	-S picked
+test_log	expect_second	-S Picked
+test_log_icase	expect_second	-S picked
+test_log_icase	expect_nomatch	-S pickle
+
+test_log	expect_nomatch	-S p.cked --pickaxe-regex
+test_log	expect_second	-S P.cked --pickaxe-regex
+test_log_icase	expect_second	-S p.cked --pickaxe-regex
+test_log_icase	expect_nomatch	-S p.ckle --pickaxe-regex
+
+test_expect_success 'log -S --textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	test_must_fail git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Sfoo &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log -S --no-textconv (missing textconv tool)' '
+	echo "* diff=test" >.gitattributes &&
+	git -c diff.test.textconv=missing log -Sfoo --no-textconv >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect_nomatch actual &&
+	rm .gitattributes
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh b/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e585fe6129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4210-log-i18n.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test log with i18n features'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# two forms of é
+utf8_e=$(printf '\303\251')
+latin1_e=$(printf '\351')
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits in different encodings' '
+	test_tick &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	utf8
+
+	t${utf8_e}st
+	EOF
+	git add msg &&
+	git -c i18n.commitencoding=utf8 commit -F msg &&
+	cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+	latin1
+
+	t${latin1_e}st
+	EOF
+	git add msg &&
+	git -c i18n.commitencoding=ISO-8859-1 commit -F msg
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep searches in log output encoding (utf8)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	latin1
+	utf8
+	EOF
+	git log --encoding=utf8 --format=%s --grep=$utf8_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'log --grep searches in log output encoding (latin1)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	latin1
+	utf8
+	EOF
+	git log --encoding=ISO-8859-1 --format=%s --grep=$latin1_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'log --grep does not find non-reencoded values (utf8)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git log --encoding=utf8 --format=%s --grep=$latin1_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep does not find non-reencoded values (latin1)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git log --encoding=ISO-8859-1 --format=%s --grep=$utf8_e >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4211-line-log.sh b/t/t4211-line-log.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0901b30982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211-line-log.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test log -L'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (import history)' '
+	git fast-import < "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t4211/history.export &&
+	git reset --hard
+'
+
+canned_test_1 () {
+	test_expect_$1 "$2" "
+		git log $2 >actual &&
+		test_cmp \"\$TEST_DIRECTORY\"/t4211/expect.$3 actual
+	"
+}
+
+canned_test () {
+	canned_test_1 success "$@"
+}
+canned_test_failure () {
+	canned_test_1 failure "$@"
+}
+
+test_bad_opts () {
+	test_expect_success "invalid args: $1" "
+		test_must_fail git log $1 2>errors &&
+		grep '$2' errors
+	"
+}
+
+canned_test "-L 4,12:a.c simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L 4,+9:a.c simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L '/long f/,/^}/:a.c' simple" simple-f
+canned_test "-L :f:a.c simple" simple-f-to-main
+
+canned_test "-L '/main/,/^}/:a.c' simple" simple-main
+canned_test "-L :main:a.c simple" simple-main-to-end
+
+canned_test "-L 1,+4:a.c simple" beginning-of-file
+
+canned_test "-L 20:a.c simple" end-of-file
+
+canned_test "-L '/long f/',/^}/:a.c -L /main/,/^}/:a.c simple" two-ranges
+canned_test "-L 24,+1:a.c simple" vanishes-early
+
+canned_test "-M -L '/long f/,/^}/:b.c' move-support" move-support-f
+canned_test "-M -L ':f:b.c' parallel-change" parallel-change-f-to-main
+
+canned_test "-L 4,12:a.c -L :main:a.c simple" multiple
+canned_test "-L 4,18:a.c -L ^:main:a.c simple" multiple-overlapping
+canned_test "-L :main:a.c -L 4,18:a.c simple" multiple-overlapping
+canned_test "-L 4:a.c -L 8,12:a.c simple" multiple-superset
+canned_test "-L 8,12:a.c -L 4:a.c simple" multiple-superset
+
+test_bad_opts "-L" "switch.*requires a value"
+test_bad_opts "-L b.c" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:nonexistent" "There is no path"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1:simple" "There is no path"
+test_bad_opts "-L '/foo:b.c'" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1000:b.c" "has only.*lines"
+test_bad_opts "-L 1,1000:b.c" "has only.*lines"
+test_bad_opts "-L :b.c" "argument.*not of the form"
+test_bad_opts "-L :foo:b.c" "no match"
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines)' '
+	n=$(wc -l <b.c) &&
+	git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 1) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L X (X == nlines + 2)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L $n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines)' '
+	n=$(printf "%d" $(wc -l <b.c)) &&
+	git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines + 1)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 1) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L ,Y (Y == nlines + 2)' '
+	n=$(expr $(wc -l <b.c) + 2) &&
+	test_must_fail git log -L ,$n:b.c
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-L with --first-parent and a merge' '
+	git checkout parallel-change &&
+	git log --first-parent -L 1,1:b.c
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file b/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91b4054898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.beginning-of-file
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+commit 4a23ae5c98d59a58c6da036156959f2dc9f472ad
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:47:40 2013 +0100
+
+    change at very beginning
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
++#include <unistd.h>
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+ long f(long x)
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+ #include <stdio.h>
+ 
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
++#include <stdio.h>
++
++int f(int x)
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file b/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd25bb2f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.end-of-file
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -20,3 +20,5 @@
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -20,3 +20,3 @@
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -19,3 +19,3 @@
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +18,3 @@
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f b/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c905e01bc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.move-support-f
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+commit 6ce3c4ff690136099bb17e1a8766b75764726ea7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:49:50 2013 +0100
+
+    another simple change
+
+diff --git a/b.c b/b.c
+--- a/b.c
++++ b/b.c
+@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+-		x >>= 1;
++		x /= 2;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple b/t/t4211/expect.multiple
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76ad5b598c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,7 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d930b6eec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-overlapping
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,18 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d930b6eec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.multiple-superset
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,19 +3,19 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,18 +3,19 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,18 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main b/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..052def8074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.parallel-change-f-to-main
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+commit 0469c60bc4837d52d97b1f081dec5f98dea20fed
+Merge: ba227c6 6ce3c4f
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Fri Apr 12 16:16:24 2013 +0200
+
+    Merge across the rename
+
+
+commit 6ce3c4ff690136099bb17e1a8766b75764726ea7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:49:50 2013 +0100
+
+    another simple change
+
+diff --git a/b.c b/b.c
+--- a/b.c
++++ b/b.c
+@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+-		x >>= 1;
++		x /= 2;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit ba227c6632349700fbb957dec2b50f5e2358be3f
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Fri Apr 12 16:15:57 2013 +0200
+
+    change on another line of history while rename happens
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * This is only an example!
++ * This is only a short example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,13 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-f b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a1f5bc49c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a475768710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-f-to-main
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+commit 39b6eb2d5b706d3322184a169f666f25ed3fbd00
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:41 2013 +0100
+
+    touch comment
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+ long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+- * A comment.
++ * This is only an example!
+  */
+ 
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+ 
+ /*
+  * A comment.
+  */
+ 
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,13 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
++
++/*
++ * A comment.
++ */
++
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-main b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..39ce39bebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +16,5 @@
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8480bd9cc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.simple-main-to-end
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,7 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
++
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +16,5 @@
++int main ()
++{
++	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	return 0;
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges b/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6109aa0dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.two-ranges
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++}
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+ 	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit a6eb82647d5d67f893da442f8f9375fd89a3b1e2
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:45:16 2013 +0100
+
+    touch both functions
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
+-int f(int x)
++long f(long x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
+ 	return s;
+ }
+@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@
+ int main ()
+ {
+-	printf("%d\n", f(15));
++	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+ 	return 0;
+ }
+
+commit f04fb20f2c77850996cba739709acc6faecc58f7
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:55 2013 +0100
+
+    change f()
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
+ int f(int x)
+ {
+ 	int s = 0;
+ 	while (x) {
+ 		x >>= 1;
+ 		s++;
+ 	}
++	return s;
+ }
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +3,8 @@
++int f(int x)
++{
++	int s = 0;
++	while (x) {
++		x >>= 1;
++		s++;
++	}
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early b/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f7cd06941
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/expect.vanishes-early
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+commit 4659538844daa2849b1a9e7d6fadb96fcd26fc83
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:43 2013 +0100
+
+    change back to complete line
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -22,1 +24,1 @@
+-}
+\ No newline at end of file
++/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit 100b61a6f2f720f812620a9d10afb3a960ccb73c
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:48:10 2013 +0100
+
+    change to an incomplete line at end
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- a/a.c
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -22,1 +22,1 @@
+-}
++}
+\ No newline at end of file
+
+commit de4c48ae814792c02a49c4c3c0c757ae69c55f6a
+Author: Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch>
+Date:   Thu Feb 28 10:44:48 2013 +0100
+
+    initial
+
+diff --git a/a.c b/a.c
+--- /dev/null
++++ b/a.c
+@@ -0,0 +20,1 @@
++}
diff --git a/t/t4211/history.export b/t/t4211/history.export
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9f41e211e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4211/history.export
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+blob
+mark :1
+data 157
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int f(int x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+reset refs/tags/simple
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :2
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044688 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044688 +0100
+data 8
+initial
+M 100644 :1 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :3
+data 168
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+int f(int x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%d\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :4
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044695 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044695 +0100
+data 11
+change f()
+from :2
+M 100644 :3 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :5
+data 171
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * A comment.
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :6
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044716 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044716 +0100
+data 21
+touch both functions
+from :4
+M 100644 :5 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :7
+data 185
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :8
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044741 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044741 +0100
+data 14
+touch comment
+from :6
+M 100644 :7 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :9
+data 205
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :10
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044860 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044860 +0100
+data 25
+change at very beginning
+from :8
+M 100644 :9 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :11
+data 204
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :12
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044890 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044890 +0100
+data 36
+change to an incomplete line at end
+from :10
+M 100644 :11 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :13
+data 238
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/tags/simple
+mark :14
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044923 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044923 +0100
+data 29
+change back to complete line
+from :12
+M 100644 :13 a.c
+
+commit refs/tags/move-support
+mark :15
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044968 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044968 +0100
+data 10
+move file
+from :14
+D a.c
+M 100644 :13 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :16
+data 237
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/tags/move-support
+mark :17
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044990 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362044990 +0100
+data 22
+another simple change
+from :15
+M 100644 :16 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :18
+data 254
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x);
+
+/*
+ * This is only an example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :19
+author Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362045024 +0100
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@student.ethz.ch> 1362045024 +0100
+data 21
+move within the file
+from :17
+M 100644 :18 b.c
+
+blob
+mark :20
+data 243
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x >>= 1;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only a short example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/heads/parallel-change
+mark :21
+author Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776157 +0200
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776157 +0200
+data 55
+change on another line of history while rename happens
+from :14
+M 100644 :20 a.c
+
+blob
+mark :22
+data 242
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+long f(long x)
+{
+	int s = 0;
+	while (x) {
+		x /= 2;
+		s++;
+	}
+	return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is only a short example!
+ */
+
+int main ()
+{
+	printf("%ld\n", f(15));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* incomplete lines are bad! */
+
+commit refs/heads/parallel-change
+mark :23
+author Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776184 +0200
+committer Thomas Rast <trast@inf.ethz.ch> 1365776191 +0200
+data 24
+Merge across the rename
+from :21
+merge :17
+D a.c
+M 100644 :22 b.c
+
+reset refs/heads/parallel-change
+from :23
+
diff --git a/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh b/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..22aa8b7c0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4212-log-corrupt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git log with invalid commit headers'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit foo &&
+
+	git cat-file commit HEAD |
+	sed "/^author /s/>/>-<>/" >broken_email.commit &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit broken_email.commit >broken_email.hash &&
+	git update-ref refs/heads/broken_email $(cat broken_email.hash)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fsck notices broken commit' '
+	test_must_fail git fsck 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep invalid.author actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log with broken author email' '
+	{
+		echo commit $(cat broken_email.hash)
+		echo "Author: A U Thor <author@example.com>"
+		echo "Date:   Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700"
+		echo
+		echo "    foo"
+	} >expect.out &&
+	: >expect.err &&
+
+	git log broken_email >actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git log --format with broken author email' '
+	echo "A U Thor+author@example.com+Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700" >expect.out &&
+	: >expect.err &&
+
+	git log --format="%an+%ae+%ad" broken_email >actual.out 2>actual.err &&
+
+	test_cmp expect.out actual.out &&
+	test_cmp expect.err actual.err
+'
+
+munge_author_date () {
+	git cat-file commit "$1" >commit.orig &&
+	sed "s/^\(author .*>\) [0-9]*/\1 $2/" <commit.orig >commit.munge &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit commit.munge
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'unparsable dates produce sentinel value' '
+	commit=$(munge_author_date HEAD totally_bogus) &&
+	echo "Date:   Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000" >expect &&
+	git log -1 $commit >actual.full &&
+	grep Date <actual.full >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unparsable dates produce sentinel value (%ad)' '
+	commit=$(munge_author_date HEAD totally_bogus) &&
+	echo >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format=%ad $commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# date is 2^64 + 1
+test_expect_success 'date parser recognizes integer overflow' '
+	commit=$(munge_author_date HEAD 18446744073709551617) &&
+	echo "Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format=%ad $commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# date is 2^64 - 2
+test_expect_success 'date parser recognizes time_t overflow' '
+	commit=$(munge_author_date HEAD 18446744073709551614) &&
+	echo "Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 +0000" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format=%ad $commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# date is within 2^63-1, but enough to choke glibc's gmtime
+test_expect_success 'absurdly far-in-future date' '
+	commit=$(munge_author_date HEAD 999999999999999999) &&
+	git log -1 --format=%ad $commit
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh b/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh
index 735e55d77c..553fe3e88e 100755
--- a/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh
+++ b/t/t4253-am-keep-cr-dos.sh
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am with dos files config am.keepcr' '
 	git diff --exit-code master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'am with dos files config am.keepcr overriden by --no-keep-cr' '
+test_expect_success 'am with dos files config am.keepcr overridden by --no-keep-cr' '
 	git config am.keepcr 1 &&
 	git checkout -b dosfiles-conf-keepcr-override initial &&
 	git format-patch -k initial..master &&
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ test_expect_success 'am with dos files with --keep-cr continue' '
 	git diff --exit-code master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'am with unix files config am.keepcr overriden by --no-keep-cr' '
+test_expect_success 'am with unix files config am.keepcr overridden by --no-keep-cr' '
 	git config am.keepcr 1 &&
 	git checkout -b unixfiles-conf-keepcr-override initial &&
 	cp -f file1 file &&
diff --git a/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh b/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh
index b7da95fac5..85716dd6ec 100755
--- a/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh
+++ b/t/t4254-am-corrupt.sh
@@ -3,20 +3,19 @@
 test_description='git am with corrupt input'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-# Note the missing "+++" line:
-cat > bad-patch.diff <<'EOF'
-From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
-diff --git a/f b/f
-index 7898192..6178079 100644
---- a/f
-@@ -1 +1 @@
--a
-+b
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success setup '
-	test $? = 0 &&
-	echo a > f &&
+	# Note the missing "+++" line:
+	cat >bad-patch.diff <<-\EOF &&
+	From: A U Thor <au.thor@example.com>
+	diff --git a/f b/f
+	index 7898192..6178079 100644
+	--- a/f
+	@@ -1 +1 @@
+	-a
+	+b
+	EOF
+
+	echo a >f &&
 	git add f &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m initial
@@ -26,17 +25,12 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 #   fatal: unable to write file '(null)' mode 100644: Bad address
 # Also, it had the unwanted side-effect of deleting f.
 test_expect_success 'try to apply corrupted patch' '
-	git am bad-patch.diff 2> actual
-	test $? = 1
+	test_must_fail git am bad-patch.diff 2>actual
 '
 
-cat > expected <<EOF
-fatal: git diff header lacks filename information (line 4)
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'compare diagnostic; ensure file is still here' '
-	test $? = 0 &&
-	test -f f &&
+	echo "fatal: git diff header lacks filename information (line 4)" >expected &&
+	test_path_is_file f &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t4255-am-submodule.sh b/t/t4255-am-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0ba8194403
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t4255-am-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git am handling submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+am () {
+	git format-patch --stdout --ignore-submodules=dirty "..$1" | git am -
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "am"
+
+am_3way () {
+	git format-patch --stdout --ignore-submodules=dirty "..$1" | git am --3way -
+}
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_ATTEMPTS_TO_MERGE_REMOVED_SUBMODULE_FILES=1
+test_submodule_switch "am_3way"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup diff.submodule' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	INITIAL=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	git init submodule &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >../initial-submodule
+	) &&
+	git submodule add ./submodule &&
+	git commit -m first &&
+
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >../first-submodule
+	) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	SECOND=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git mv two.t four.t &&
+		git commit -m "second submodule" &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >../second-submodule
+	) &&
+	test_commit four &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	git commit --amend --no-edit &&
+	THIRD=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git submodule update --init
+'
+
+run_test() {
+	START_COMMIT=$1 &&
+	EXPECT=$2 &&
+	# Abort any merges in progress: the previous
+	# test may have failed, and we should clean up.
+	test_might_fail git am --abort &&
+	git reset --hard $START_COMMIT &&
+	rm -f *.patch &&
+	git format-patch -1 &&
+	git reset --hard $START_COMMIT^ &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git am *.patch &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git -C submodule rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp $EXPECT actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule unset' '
+	test_unconfig diff.submodule &&
+	run_test $SECOND first-submodule
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule unset with extra file' '
+	test_unconfig diff.submodule &&
+	run_test $THIRD second-submodule
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule=log' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	run_test $SECOND first-submodule
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'diff.submodule=log with extra file' '
+	test_config diff.submodule log &&
+	run_test $THIRD second-submodule
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh b/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
index 46c3fe76d3..9015e47654 100755
--- a/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t4300-merge-tree.sh
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@ EXPECTED
 
 test_expect_success 'file add !A, B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-added in local
-  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -38,9 +36,6 @@ EXPECTED
 
 test_expect_success 'file add A, B (same)' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-added in both
-  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
-  their  100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -181,9 +176,6 @@ AAA" &&
 
 test_expect_success 'file remove A, !B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
-removed in local
-  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
-  their  100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d ONE
 EXPECTED
 
 	git reset --hard initial &&
@@ -213,6 +205,19 @@ EXPECTED
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'file remove A, B (same)' '
+	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
+EXPECTED
+
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	test_commit "rm-a-b-base" "ONE" "AAA" &&
+	git rm ONE &&
+	git commit -m "rm-a-b" &&
+	git tag "rm-a-b" &&
+	git merge-tree rm-a-b-base rm-a-b rm-a-b >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'file change A, remove B' '
 	cat >expected <<\EXPECTED &&
 removed in remote
@@ -254,4 +259,97 @@ EXPECTED
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tree add A, B (same)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "file" add-tree-A &&
+	git merge-tree initial add-tree-A add-tree-A >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree add A, B (different)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	added in both
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	  their  100644 ba629238ca89489f2b350e196ca445e09d8bb834 sub/file
+	@@ -1 +1,5 @@
+	+<<<<<<< .our
+	 AAA
+	+=======
+	+BBB
+	+>>>>>>> .their
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "AAA" add-tree-a-b-A &&
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "BBB" add-tree-a-b-B &&
+	git merge-tree initial add-tree-a-b-A add-tree-a-b-B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree unchanged A, removed B' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d sub/file
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-AAA
+	EOF
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	test_commit "add sub/file" "sub/file" "AAA" tree-remove-b-initial &&
+	git rm sub/file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "remove sub/file" &&
+	git tag tree-remove-b-B &&
+	git merge-tree tree-remove-b-initial tree-remove-b-initial tree-remove-b-B >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn file to tree' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	rm initial-file &&
+	mkdir initial-file &&
+	test_commit "turn-file-to-tree" "initial-file/ONE" "CCC" &&
+	git merge-tree initial initial turn-file-to-tree >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	added in remote
+	  their  100644 43aa4fdec31eb92e1fdc2f0ce6ea9ddb7c32bcf7 initial-file/ONE
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+CCC
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 e79c5e8f964493290a409888d5413a737e8e5dd5 initial-file
+	  our    100644 e79c5e8f964493290a409888d5413a737e8e5dd5 initial-file
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-initial
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn tree to file' '
+	git reset --hard initial &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	test_commit "add-tree" "dir/path" "AAA" &&
+	test_commit "add-another-tree" "dir/another" "BBB" &&
+	rm -fr dir &&
+	test_commit "make-file" "dir" "CCC" &&
+	git merge-tree add-tree add-another-tree make-file >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	removed in remote
+	  base   100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d dir/path
+	  our    100644 43d5a8ed6ef6c00ff775008633f95787d088285d dir/path
+	@@ -1 +0,0 @@
+	-AAA
+	added in remote
+	  their  100644 43aa4fdec31eb92e1fdc2f0ce6ea9ddb7c32bcf7 dir
+	@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+	+CCC
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
index 527c9e7548..4b68bbafbe 100755
--- a/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
+++ b/t/t5000-tar-tree.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (C) 2005 Rene Scharfe
 #
 
-test_description='git tar-tree and git get-tar-commit-id test
+test_description='git archive and git get-tar-commit-id test
 
 This test covers the topics of file contents, commit date handling and
 commit id embedding:
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ commit id embedding:
   binary file (/bin/sh).  Only paths shorter than 99 characters are
   used.
 
-  git tar-tree applies the commit date to every file in the archive it
+  git archive applies the commit date to every file in the archive it
   creates.  The test sets the commit date to a specific value and checks
   if the tar archive contains that value.
 
-  When giving git tar-tree a commit id (in contrast to a tree id) it
+  When giving git archive a commit id (in contrast to a tree id) it
   embeds this commit id into the tar archive as a comment.  The test
   checks the ability of git get-tar-commit-id to figure it out from the
   tar file.
@@ -25,18 +25,83 @@ commit id embedding:
 '
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-UNZIP=${UNZIP:-unzip}
-GZIP=${GZIP:-gzip}
-GUNZIP=${GUNZIP:-gzip -d}
 
 SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
 
+test_lazy_prereq TAR_NEEDS_PAX_FALLBACK '
+	(
+		mkdir pax &&
+		cd pax &&
+		"$TAR" xf "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5000/pax.tar &&
+		test -f PaxHeaders.1791/file
+	)
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq GZIP 'gzip --version'
+
+get_pax_header() {
+	file=$1
+	header=$2=
+
+	while read len rest
+	do
+		if test "$len" = $(echo "$len $rest" | wc -c)
+		then
+			case "$rest" in
+			$header*)
+				echo "${rest#$header}"
+				;;
+			esac
+		fi
+	done <"$file"
+}
+
+check_tar() {
+	tarfile=$1.tar
+	listfile=$1.lst
+	dir=$1
+	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
+
+	test_expect_success ' extract tar archive' '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$TAR" xf -) <$tarfile
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success TAR_NEEDS_PAX_FALLBACK ' interpret pax headers' '
+		(
+			cd $dir &&
+			for header in *.paxheader
+			do
+				data=${header%.paxheader}.data &&
+				if test -h $data || test -e $data
+				then
+					path=$(get_pax_header $header path) &&
+					if test -n "$path"
+					then
+						mv "$data" "$path"
+					fi
+				fi
+			done
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success ' validate filenames' '
+		(cd ${dir_with_prefix}a && find .) | sort >$listfile &&
+		test_cmp a.lst $listfile
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success ' validate file contents' '
+		diff -r a ${dir_with_prefix}a
+	'
+}
+
 test_expect_success \
     'populate workdir' \
-    'mkdir a b c &&
+    'mkdir a &&
      echo simple textfile >a/a &&
+     ten=0123456789 && hundred=$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten$ten &&
+     echo long filename >a/four$hundred &&
      mkdir a/bin &&
-     cp /bin/sh a/bin &&
+     test-genrandom "frotz" 500000 >a/bin/sh &&
      printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >a/substfile1 &&
      printf "A not substituted O" >a/substfile2 &&
      if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
@@ -54,14 +119,16 @@ test_expect_success \
     'echo ignore me >a/ignored &&
      echo ignored export-ignore >.git/info/attributes'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'add files to repository' \
-    'find a -type f | xargs git update-index --add &&
-     find a -type l | xargs git update-index --add &&
-     treeid=`git write-tree` &&
-     echo $treeid >treeid &&
-     git update-ref HEAD $(TZ=GMT GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00:00" \
-     git commit-tree $treeid </dev/null)'
+test_expect_success 'add files to repository' '
+	git add a &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00" git commit -m initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup export-subst' '
+	echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+		>a/substfile1
+'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'create bare clone' \
@@ -76,13 +143,25 @@ test_expect_success \
     'git archive' \
     'git archive HEAD >b.tar'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git tar-tree' \
-    'git tar-tree HEAD >b2.tar'
+check_tar b
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive vs. git tar-tree' \
-    'test_cmp b.tar b2.tar'
+test_expect_success 'git archive --prefix=prefix/' '
+	git archive --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >with_prefix.tar
+'
+
+check_tar with_prefix prefix/
+
+test_expect_success 'git-archive --prefix=olde-' '
+	git archive --prefix=olde- HEAD >with_olde-prefix.tar
+'
+
+check_tar with_olde-prefix olde-
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive on large files' '
+    test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+    git archive HEAD >b3.tar &&
+    test_cmp_bin b.tar b3.tar
+'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'git archive in a bare repo' \
@@ -90,15 +169,15 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'git archive vs. the same in a bare repo' \
-    'test_cmp b.tar b3.tar'
+    'test_cmp_bin b.tar b3.tar'
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive with --output' \
     'git archive --output=b4.tar HEAD &&
-    test_cmp b.tar b4.tar'
+    test_cmp_bin b.tar b4.tar'
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive --remote' \
     'git archive --remote=. HEAD >b5.tar &&
-    test_cmp b.tar b5.tar'
+    test_cmp_bin b.tar b5.tar'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'validate file modification time' \
@@ -113,159 +192,37 @@ test_expect_success \
     'git get-tar-commit-id <b.tar >b.commitid &&
      test_cmp .git/$(git symbolic-ref HEAD) b.commitid'
 
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract tar archive' \
-    '(cd b && "$TAR" xf -) <b.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate filenames' \
-    '(cd b/a && find .) | sort >b.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst b.lst'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate file contents' \
-    'diff -r a b/a'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git tar-tree with prefix' \
-    'git tar-tree HEAD prefix >c.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract tar archive with prefix' \
-    '(cd c && "$TAR" xf -) <c.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate filenames with prefix' \
-    '(cd c/prefix/a && find .) | sort >c.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst c.lst'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'validate file contents with prefix' \
-    'diff -r a c/prefix/a'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'create archives with substfiles' \
-    'cp .git/info/attributes .git/info/attributes.before &&
-     echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
-     git archive HEAD >f.tar &&
-     git archive --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >g.tar &&
-     mv .git/info/attributes.before .git/info/attributes'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract substfiles' \
-    '(mkdir f && cd f && "$TAR" xf -) <f.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-     'validate substfile contents' \
-     'git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
-      >f/a/substfile1.expected &&
-      test_cmp f/a/substfile1.expected f/a/substfile1 &&
-      test_cmp a/substfile2 f/a/substfile2
-'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'extract substfiles from archive with prefix' \
-    '(mkdir g && cd g && "$TAR" xf -) <g.tar'
-
-test_expect_success \
-     'validate substfile contents from archive with prefix' \
-     'git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
-      >g/prefix/a/substfile1.expected &&
-      test_cmp g/prefix/a/substfile1.expected g/prefix/a/substfile1 &&
-      test_cmp a/substfile2 g/prefix/a/substfile2
-'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip' \
-    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
-    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
-    'test_cmp d.zip d1.zip'
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
-    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
-    test_cmp d.zip d2.zip'
-
-test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
-	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
-	test_cmp d.zip d3.zip
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, override inferred format' '
 	git archive --format=tar --output=d4.zip HEAD &&
-	test_cmp b.tar d4.zip
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar d4.zip
 '
 
-$UNZIP -v >/dev/null 2>&1
-if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping ZIP tests, because unzip was not found"
-else
-	test_set_prereq UNZIP
-fi
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'extract ZIP archive' \
-    '(mkdir d && cd d && $UNZIP ../d.zip)'
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'validate filenames' \
-    '(cd d/a && find .) | sort >d.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst d.lst'
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'validate file contents' \
-    'diff -r a d/a'
-
-test_expect_success \
-    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
-    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'extract ZIP archive with prefix' \
-    '(mkdir e && cd e && $UNZIP ../e.zip)'
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'validate filenames with prefix' \
-    '(cd e/prefix/a && find .) | sort >e.lst &&
-     test_cmp a.lst e.lst'
-
-test_expect_success UNZIP \
-    'validate file contents with prefix' \
-    'diff -r a e/prefix/a'
-
 test_expect_success \
     'git archive --list outside of a git repo' \
     'GIT_DIR=some/non-existing/directory git archive --list'
 
 test_expect_success 'clients cannot access unreachable commits' '
 	test_commit unreachable &&
-	sha1=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	git archive $sha1 >remote.tar &&
 	test_must_fail git archive --remote=. $sha1 >remote.tar
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'git-archive --prefix=olde-' '
-	git archive --prefix=olde- >h.tar HEAD &&
-	(
-		mkdir h &&
-		cd h &&
-		"$TAR" xf - <../h.tar
-	) &&
-	test -d h/olde-a &&
-	test -d h/olde-a/bin &&
-	test -f h/olde-a/bin/sh
+test_expect_success 'upload-archive can allow unreachable commits' '
+	test_commit unreachable1 &&
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git archive $sha1 >remote.tar &&
+	test_config uploadarchive.allowUnreachable true &&
+	git archive --remote=. $sha1 >remote.tar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup tar filters' '
 	git config tar.tar.foo.command "tr ab ba" &&
 	git config tar.bar.command "tr ab ba" &&
-	git config tar.bar.remote true
+	git config tar.bar.remote true &&
+	git config tar.invalid baz
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'archive --list mentions user filter' '
@@ -283,75 +240,63 @@ test_expect_success 'archive --list shows only enabled remote filters' '
 test_expect_success 'invoke tar filter by format' '
 	git archive --format=tar.foo HEAD >config.tar.foo &&
 	tr ab ba <config.tar.foo >config.tar &&
-	test_cmp b.tar config.tar &&
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar config.tar &&
 	git archive --format=bar HEAD >config.bar &&
 	tr ab ba <config.bar >config.tar &&
-	test_cmp b.tar config.tar
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar config.tar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'invoke tar filter by extension' '
 	git archive -o config-implicit.tar.foo HEAD &&
-	test_cmp config.tar.foo config-implicit.tar.foo &&
+	test_cmp_bin config.tar.foo config-implicit.tar.foo &&
 	git archive -o config-implicit.bar HEAD &&
-	test_cmp config.tar.foo config-implicit.bar
+	test_cmp_bin config.tar.foo config-implicit.bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'default output format remains tar' '
 	git archive -o config-implicit.baz HEAD &&
-	test_cmp b.tar config-implicit.baz
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar config-implicit.baz
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'extension matching requires dot' '
 	git archive -o config-implicittar.foo HEAD &&
-	test_cmp b.tar config-implicittar.foo
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar config-implicittar.foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'only enabled filters are available remotely' '
 	test_must_fail git archive --remote=. --format=tar.foo HEAD \
 		>remote.tar.foo &&
 	git archive --remote=. --format=bar >remote.bar HEAD &&
-	test_cmp remote.bar config.bar
+	test_cmp_bin remote.bar config.bar
 '
 
-if $GZIP --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	test_set_prereq GZIP
-else
-	say "Skipping some tar.gz tests because gzip not found"
-fi
-
 test_expect_success GZIP 'git archive --format=tgz' '
 	git archive --format=tgz HEAD >j.tgz
 '
 
 test_expect_success GZIP 'git archive --format=tar.gz' '
 	git archive --format=tar.gz HEAD >j1.tar.gz &&
-	test_cmp j.tgz j1.tar.gz
+	test_cmp_bin j.tgz j1.tar.gz
 '
 
 test_expect_success GZIP 'infer tgz from .tgz filename' '
 	git archive --output=j2.tgz HEAD &&
-	test_cmp j.tgz j2.tgz
+	test_cmp_bin j.tgz j2.tgz
 '
 
 test_expect_success GZIP 'infer tgz from .tar.gz filename' '
 	git archive --output=j3.tar.gz HEAD &&
-	test_cmp j.tgz j3.tar.gz
+	test_cmp_bin j.tgz j3.tar.gz
 '
 
-if $GUNZIP --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	test_set_prereq GUNZIP
-else
-	say "Skipping some tar.gz tests because gunzip was not found"
-fi
-
-test_expect_success GZIP,GUNZIP 'extract tgz file' '
-	$GUNZIP -c <j.tgz >j.tar &&
-	test_cmp b.tar j.tar
+test_expect_success GZIP 'extract tgz file' '
+	gzip -d -c <j.tgz >j.tar &&
+	test_cmp_bin b.tar j.tar
 '
 
 test_expect_success GZIP 'remote tar.gz is allowed by default' '
 	git archive --remote=. --format=tar.gz HEAD >remote.tar.gz &&
-	test_cmp j.tgz remote.tar.gz
+	test_cmp_bin j.tgz remote.tar.gz
 '
 
 test_expect_success GZIP 'remote tar.gz can be disabled' '
@@ -360,4 +305,18 @@ test_expect_success GZIP 'remote tar.gz can be disabled' '
 		>remote.tar.gz
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'archive and :(glob)' '
+	git archive -v HEAD -- ":(glob)**/sh" >/dev/null 2>actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+a/
+a/bin/
+a/bin/sh
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'catch non-matching pathspec' '
+	test_must_fail git archive -v HEAD -- "*.abc" >/dev/null
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5000/pax.tar b/t/t5000/pax.tar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d911737149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5000/pax.tar
diff --git a/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh b/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
index f47d8717fd..b04d955bfa 100755
--- a/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
+++ b/t/t5001-archive-attr.sh
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test_expect_missing	worktree2/ignored-by-worktree
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive vs. bare' '
 	(cd bare && git archive HEAD) >bare-archive.tar &&
-	test_cmp archive.tar bare-archive.tar
+	test_cmp_bin archive.tar bare-archive.tar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git archive with worktree attributes, bare' '
@@ -87,14 +87,4 @@ test_expect_success 'export-subst' '
 	test_cmp substfile2 archive/substfile2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'git tar-tree vs. git archive with worktree attributes' '
-	git tar-tree HEAD >tar-tree.tar &&
-	test_cmp worktree.tar tar-tree.tar
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'git tar-tree vs. git archive with worktree attrs, bare' '
-	(cd bare && git tar-tree HEAD) >bare-tar-tree.tar &&
-	test_cmp bare-worktree.tar bare-tar-tree.tar
-'
-
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh b/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6667d159ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5002-archive-attr-pattern.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive attribute pattern tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_exists() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 exists" "test -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_missing() {
+	test_expect_success " $1 does not exist" "test ! -e $1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo ignored >ignored &&
+	echo ignored export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored &&
+
+	mkdir not-ignored-dir &&
+	echo ignored-in-tree >not-ignored-dir/ignored &&
+	echo not-ignored-in-tree >not-ignored-dir/ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	git add not-ignored-dir &&
+
+	mkdir ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	echo ignored by ignored dir >ignored-only-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir &&
+	echo ignored-only-if-dir/ export-ignore >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git add ignored-only-if-dir &&
+
+	mkdir -p ignored-without-slash &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+	git add ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+	echo "ignored-without-slash export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p wildcard-without-slash &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+	git add wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+	echo "wild*-without-slash export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p deep/and/slashless &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+	git add deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+	echo "deep/and/slashless export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p deep/with/wildcard &&
+	echo "ignored without slash" >deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+	git add deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+	echo "deep/*t*/wildcard export-ignore" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+
+	mkdir -p one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir &&
+	echo ignored by ignored dir >one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir &&
+	git add one-level-lower &&
+
+	git commit -m. &&
+
+	git clone --bare . bare &&
+	cp .git/info/attributes bare/info/attributes
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive' '
+	git archive HEAD >archive.tar &&
+	(mkdir archive && cd archive && "$TAR" xf -) <archive.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored
+test_expect_missing	archive/not-ignored-dir/ignored
+test_expect_exists	archive/not-ignored-dir/ignored-only-if-dir
+test_expect_exists	archive/not-ignored-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-only-if-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-ony-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-without-slash/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/ignored-without-slash/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/wildcard-without-slash/
+test_expect_missing	archive/wildcard-without-slash/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/and/slashless/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/and/slashless/foo &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/with/wildcard/ &&
+test_expect_missing	archive/deep/with/wildcard/foo &&
+test_expect_exists	archive/one-level-lower/
+test_expect_missing	archive/one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-only-if-dir/
+test_expect_missing	archive/one-level-lower/two-levels-lower/ignored-ony-if-dir/ignored-by-ignored-dir
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..14744b2a4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5003-archive-zip.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git archive --format=zip test'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+SUBSTFORMAT=%H%n
+
+test_lazy_prereq UNZIP_SYMLINKS '
+	(
+		mkdir unzip-symlinks &&
+		cd unzip-symlinks &&
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip &&
+		test -h symlink
+	)
+'
+
+check_zip() {
+	zipfile=$1.zip
+	listfile=$1.lst
+	dir=$1
+	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " extract ZIP archive" '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$GIT_UNZIP" ../$zipfile)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate filenames" "
+		(cd ${dir_with_prefix}a && find .) | sort >$listfile &&
+		test_cmp a.lst $listfile
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate file contents" "
+		diff -r a ${dir_with_prefix}a
+	"
+
+	dir=eol_$1
+	dir_with_prefix=$dir/$2
+	extracted=${dir_with_prefix}a
+	original=a
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " extract ZIP archive with EOL conversion" '
+		(mkdir $dir && cd $dir && "$GIT_UNZIP" -a ../$zipfile)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate that text files are converted" "
+		test_cmp_bin $extracted/text.cr $extracted/text.crlf &&
+		test_cmp_bin $extracted/text.cr $extracted/text.lf
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate that binary files are unchanged" "
+		test_cmp_bin $original/binary.cr   $extracted/binary.cr &&
+		test_cmp_bin $original/binary.crlf $extracted/binary.crlf &&
+		test_cmp_bin $original/binary.lf   $extracted/binary.lf
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate that diff files are converted" "
+		test_cmp_bin $extracted/diff.cr $extracted/diff.crlf &&
+		test_cmp_bin $extracted/diff.cr $extracted/diff.lf
+	"
+
+	test_expect_success UNZIP " validate that -diff files are unchanged" "
+		test_cmp_bin $original/nodiff.cr   $extracted/nodiff.cr &&
+		test_cmp_bin $original/nodiff.crlf $extracted/nodiff.crlf &&
+		test_cmp_bin $original/nodiff.lf   $extracted/nodiff.lf
+	"
+}
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'populate workdir' \
+    'mkdir a &&
+     echo simple textfile >a/a &&
+     mkdir a/bin &&
+     cp /bin/sh a/bin &&
+     printf "text\r"	>a/text.cr &&
+     printf "text\r\n"	>a/text.crlf &&
+     printf "text\n"	>a/text.lf &&
+     printf "text\r"	>a/nodiff.cr &&
+     printf "text\r\n"	>a/nodiff.crlf &&
+     printf "text\n"	>a/nodiff.lf &&
+     printf "\0\r"	>a/binary.cr &&
+     printf "\0\r\n"	>a/binary.crlf &&
+     printf "\0\n"	>a/binary.lf &&
+     printf "\0\r"	>a/diff.cr &&
+     printf "\0\r\n"	>a/diff.crlf &&
+     printf "\0\n"	>a/diff.lf &&
+     printf "A\$Format:%s\$O" "$SUBSTFORMAT" >a/substfile1 &&
+     printf "A not substituted O" >a/substfile2 &&
+     (p=long_path_to_a_file && cd a &&
+      for depth in 1 2 3 4 5; do mkdir $p && cd $p; done &&
+      echo text >file_with_long_path)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS,UNZIP_SYMLINKS 'add symlink' '
+	ln -s a a/symlink_to_a
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare file list' '
+	(cd a && find .) | sort >a.lst
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'add ignored file' \
+    'echo ignore me >a/ignored &&
+     echo ignored export-ignore >.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success 'add files to repository' '
+	git add a &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="2005-05-27 22:00" git commit -m initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup export-subst and diff attributes' '
+	echo "a/nodiff.* -diff" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	echo "a/diff.* diff" >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	echo "substfile?" export-subst >>.git/info/attributes &&
+	git log --max-count=1 "--pretty=format:A${SUBSTFORMAT}O" HEAD \
+		>a/substfile1
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'create bare clone' \
+    'git clone --bare . bare.git &&
+     cp .git/info/attributes bare.git/info/attributes'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'remove ignored file' \
+    'rm a/ignored'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip' \
+    'git archive --format=zip HEAD >d.zip'
+
+check_zip d
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip in a bare repo' \
+    '(cd bare.git && git archive --format=zip HEAD) >d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip vs. the same in a bare repo' \
+    'test_cmp_bin d.zip d1.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip with --output' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --output=d2.zip HEAD &&
+    test_cmp_bin d.zip d2.zip'
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive with --output, inferring format' '
+	git archive --output=d3.zip HEAD &&
+	test_cmp_bin d.zip d3.zip
+'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'git archive --format=zip with prefix' \
+    'git archive --format=zip --prefix=prefix/ HEAD >e.zip'
+
+check_zip e prefix/
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive -0 --format=zip on large files' '
+	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+	git archive -0 --format=zip HEAD >large.zip
+'
+
+check_zip large
+
+test_expect_success 'git archive --format=zip on large files' '
+	test_config core.bigfilethreshold 1 &&
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >large-compressed.zip
+'
+
+check_zip large-compressed
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip b/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..065728c631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5003/infozip-symlinks.zip
diff --git a/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..654addaae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004-archive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test corner cases of git-archive'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commit with empty tree' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m foo
+'
+
+# Make a dir and clean it up afterwards
+make_dir() {
+	mkdir "$1" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf '$1'"
+}
+
+# Check that the dir given in "$1" contains exactly the
+# set of paths given as arguments.
+check_dir() {
+	dir=$1; shift
+	{
+		echo "$dir" &&
+		for i in "$@"; do
+			echo "$dir/$i"
+		done
+	} | sort >expect &&
+	find "$dir" ! -name pax_global_header -print | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+
+# bsdtar/libarchive versions before 3.1.3 consider a tar file with a
+# global pax header that is not followed by a file record as corrupt.
+if "$TAR" tf "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+	test_set_prereq HEADER_ONLY_TAR_OK
+fi
+
+test_expect_success HEADER_ONLY_TAR_OK 'tar archive of commit with empty tree' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD >empty-with-pax-header.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf empty-with-pax-header.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive of empty tree is empty' '
+	git archive --format=tar HEAD: >empty.tar &&
+	perl -e "print \"\\0\" x 10240" >10knuls.tar &&
+	test_cmp_bin 10knuls.tar empty.tar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tar archive of empty tree with prefix' '
+	git archive --format=tar --prefix=foo/ HEAD >prefix.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf prefix.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive of empty tree is empty' '
+	# Detect the exit code produced when our particular flavor of unzip
+	# sees an empty archive. Infozip will generate a warning and exit with
+	# code 1. But in the name of sanity, we do not expect other unzip
+	# implementations to do the same thing (it would be perfectly
+	# reasonable to exit 0, for example).
+	#
+	# This makes our test less rigorous on some platforms (unzip may not
+	# handle the empty repo at all, making our later check of its exit code
+	# a no-op). But we cannot do anything reasonable except skip the test
+	# on such platforms anyway, and this is the moral equivalent.
+	{
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5004/empty.zip
+		expect_code=$?
+	} &&
+
+	git archive --format=zip HEAD >empty.zip &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	(
+		cd extract &&
+		test_expect_code $expect_code "$GIT_UNZIP" ../empty.zip
+	) &&
+	check_dir extract
+'
+
+test_expect_success UNZIP 'zip archive of empty tree with prefix' '
+	# We do not have to play exit-code tricks here, because our
+	# result should not be empty; it has a directory in it.
+	git archive --format=zip --prefix=foo/ HEAD >prefix.zip &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	(
+		cd extract &&
+		"$GIT_UNZIP" ../prefix.zip
+	) &&
+	check_dir extract foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive complains about pathspec on empty tree' '
+	test_must_fail git archive --format=tar HEAD -- foo >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create a commit with an empty subtree' '
+	empty_tree=$(git hash-object -t tree /dev/null) &&
+	root_tree=$(printf "040000 tree $empty_tree\tsub\n" | git mktree)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive empty subtree with no pathspec' '
+	git archive --format=tar $root_tree >subtree-all.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf subtree-all.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract sub
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'archive empty subtree by direct pathspec' '
+	git archive --format=tar $root_tree -- sub >subtree-path.tar &&
+	make_dir extract &&
+	"$TAR" xf subtree-path.tar -C extract &&
+	check_dir extract sub
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar b/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da9e39e6cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004/empty-with-pax-header.tar
diff --git a/t/t5004/empty.zip b/t/t5004/empty.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a76bb6005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5004/empty.zip
diff --git a/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh b/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
index ebc36c1758..e97cfb2ab8 100755
--- a/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
+++ b/t/t5100-mailinfo.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_expect_success 'split sample box' \
 	'git mailsplit -o. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/sample.mbox >last &&
 	last=`cat last` &&
 	echo total is $last &&
-	test `cat last` = 16'
+	test `cat last` = 17'
 
 check_mailinfo () {
 	mail=$1 opt=$2
@@ -34,6 +34,10 @@ do
 		if test -f "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/msg$mail--no-inbody-headers
 		then
 			check_mailinfo $mail --no-inbody-headers
+		fi &&
+		if test -f "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/msg$mail--message-id
+		then
+			check_mailinfo $mail --message-id
 		fi
 	'
 done
@@ -65,7 +69,7 @@ test_expect_success 'respect NULs' '
 	git mailsplit -d3 -o. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/nul-plain &&
 	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/nul-plain 001 &&
 	(cat 001 | git mailinfo msg patch) &&
-	test 4 = $(wc -l < patch)
+	test_line_count = 4 patch
 
 '
 
@@ -89,4 +93,22 @@ test_expect_success 'mailinfo on from header without name works' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'mailinfo finds headers after embedded From line' '
+	mkdir embed-from &&
+	git mailsplit -oembed-from "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/embed-from.in &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/embed-from.in embed-from/0001 &&
+	git mailinfo embed-from/msg embed-from/patch \
+	  <embed-from/0001 >embed-from/out &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/embed-from.expect embed-from/out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mailinfo on message with quoted >From' '
+	mkdir quoted-from &&
+	git mailsplit -oquoted-from "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/quoted-from.in &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/quoted-from.in quoted-from/0001 &&
+	git mailinfo quoted-from/msg quoted-from/patch \
+	  <quoted-from/0001 >quoted-from/out &&
+	test_cmp "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t5100/quoted-from.expect quoted-from/msg
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5100/embed-from.expect b/t/t5100/embed-from.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06a3a3859a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/embed-from.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: Commit Author
+Email: commit@example.com
+Subject: patch subject
+Date: Sat, 13 Sep 2014 21:13:23 -0400 
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/embed-from.in b/t/t5100/embed-from.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f3f84e508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/embed-from.in
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+From 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Email Author <email@example.com>
+Date: Sun, 25 May 2008 00:38:18 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] email subject
+
+>From 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Commit Author <commit@example.com>
+Date: Sat, 13 Sep 2014 21:13:23 -0400
+Subject: patch subject
+
+patch body
+---
+patch
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0012--message-id b/t/t5100/info0012--message-id
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac1216ff75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0012--message-id
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: Dmitriy Blinov
+Email: bda@mnsspb.ru
+Subject: Изменён список пакетов необходимых для сборки
+Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2008 17:54:41 +0300
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/info0017 b/t/t5100/info0017
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2bc89ffe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/info0017
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Author: A U Thor
+Email: a.u.thor@example.com
+Subject: A E I O U
+Date: Mon, 17 Sep 2012 14:23:44 -0700
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0012--message-id b/t/t5100/msg0012--message-id
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..376e26e9ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0012--message-id
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+textlive-* исправлены на texlive-*
+docutils заменён на python-docutils
+
+Действительно, оказалось, что rest2web вытягивает за собой
+python-docutils. В то время как сам rest2web не нужен.
+
+Signed-off-by: Dmitriy Blinov <bda@mnsspb.ru>
+Message-Id: <1226501681-24923-1-git-send-email-bda@mnsspb.ru>
diff --git a/t/t5100/msg0017 b/t/t5100/msg0017
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ee0900850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/msg0017
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+New content here
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0001 b/t/t5100/patch0001
index 8ce155167d..02c97746d6 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0001
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0001
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0002 b/t/t5100/patch0002
index 8ce155167d..02c97746d6 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0002
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0002
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0003 b/t/t5100/patch0003
index 8ce155167d..02c97746d6 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0003
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0003
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0005 b/t/t5100/patch0005
index 7d24b24af8..ab7a38373b 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0005
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0005
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 
- Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt |    9 ++++++++-
- git-cvsimport-script                   |    4 ++--
+ Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt | 9 ++++++++-
+ git-cvsimport-script                   | 4 ++--
  2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 50452f9c0c2df1f04d83a26266ba704b13861632
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0006 b/t/t5100/patch0006
index 8ce155167d..02c97746d6 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0006
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0006
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0010 b/t/t5100/patch0010
index f055481d56..436821c97a 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0010
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0010
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c |    2 +-
+ builtin-mailinfo.c | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0011 b/t/t5100/patch0011
index 8841d3c139..0988713761 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0011
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0011
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c  |    4 ++--
+ builtin-mailinfo.c  | 4 ++--
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
 index 3e5fe51..aabfe5c 100644
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0012--message-id b/t/t5100/patch0012--message-id
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36a0b68161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0012--message-id
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+---
+ howto/build_navy.txt |    6 +++---
+ 1 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
+
+diff --git a/howto/build_navy.txt b/howto/build_navy.txt
+index 3fd3afb..0ee807e 100644
+--- a/howto/build_navy.txt
++++ b/howto/build_navy.txt
+@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@
+    - libxv-dev
+    - libusplash-dev
+    - latex-make
+-   - textlive-lang-cyrillic
+-   - textlive-latex-extra
++   - texlive-lang-cyrillic
++   - texlive-latex-extra
+    - dia
+    - python-pyrex
+    - libtool
+@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
+    - sox
+    - cython
+    - imagemagick
+-   - docutils
++   - python-docutils
+ 
+ #. на машине dinar: добавить свой открытый ssh-ключ в authorized_keys2 пользователя ddev
+ #. на своей машине: отредактировать /etc/sudoers (команда ``visudo``) примерно следующим образом::
+-- 
+1.5.6.5
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0014 b/t/t5100/patch0014
index 124efd234f..3f3825f9f2 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0014
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0014
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c |   37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
+ builtin-mailinfo.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
  1 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors b/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors
index 124efd234f..3f3825f9f2 100644
--- a/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0014--scissors
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c |   37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
+ builtin-mailinfo.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
  1 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
diff --git a/t/t5100/patch0017 b/t/t5100/patch0017
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35cf84c9a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/patch0017
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++New content
diff --git a/t/t5100/quoted-from.expect b/t/t5100/quoted-from.expect
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c9d48c852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/quoted-from.expect
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+>From the depths of history, we are stuck with the
+flaky mbox format.
+
diff --git a/t/t5100/quoted-from.in b/t/t5100/quoted-from.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..847e1c4d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5100/quoted-from.in
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+From 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: Author Name <somebody@example.com>
+Date: Sun, 25 May 2008 00:38:18 -0700
+Subject: [PATCH] testing quoted >From
+
+>From the depths of history, we are stuck with the
+flaky mbox format.
+
+---
+patch
diff --git a/t/t5100/sample.mbox b/t/t5100/sample.mbox
index de1031241d..8b2ae064c3 100644
--- a/t/t5100/sample.mbox
+++ b/t/t5100/sample.mbox
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Subject: [PATCH] a commit.
 Here is a patch from A U Thor.
 
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ two truly blank and another full of spaces in between.
 Hope this helps.
 
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Message-Id: <nitpicker.12121212@example.net>
 Hopefully this would fix the problem stated there.
 
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
@@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ actual flags.
 Signed-off-by: David K=E5gedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se>
 ---
 
- Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt |    9 ++++++++-
- git-cvsimport-script                   |    4 ++--
+ Documentation/git-cvsimport-script.txt | 9 ++++++++-
+ git-cvsimport-script                   | 4 ++--
  2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 
 50452f9c0c2df1f04d83a26266ba704b13861632
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ Subject: [PATCH] a commit.
 Here is a patch from A U Thor.
 
 ---
- foo |    2 +-
+ foo | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/foo b/foo
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ memcmp("Subject: ", header[i], 7) will never match.
 Signed-off-by: Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se>
 Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c |    2 +-
+ builtin-mailinfo.c | 2 +-
  1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
 Here comes a commit log message, and
 its second line is here.
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c  |    4 ++--
+ builtin-mailinfo.c  | 4 ++--
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
 index 3e5fe51..aabfe5c 100644
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ everything before it in the message body.
 
 Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
 ---
- builtin-mailinfo.c |   37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
+ builtin-mailinfo.c | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
  1 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 
 diff --git a/builtin-mailinfo.c b/builtin-mailinfo.c
@@ -683,3 +683,19 @@ index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
 @@ -0,0 +1 @@
 +content
 
+From nobody Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: A U Thor <a.u.thor@example.com>
+Subject: A E I O U
+Date: Mon, 17 Sep 2012 14:23:44 -0700
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-2022-jp"
+Content-type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
+
+New content here
+
+diff --git a/foo b/foo
+index e69de29..d95f3ad 100644
+--- a/foo
++++ b/foo
+@@ -0,0 +1 @@
++New content
diff --git a/t/t5150-request-pull.sh b/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
index 2af8947eeb..82c33b88e7 100755
--- a/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5150-request-pull.sh
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: two scripts for reading pull requests' '
 
 	cat <<-EOT >fuzz.sed
 	#!/bin/sed -nf
+	s/$downstream_url_for_sed/URL/g
 	s/$_x40/OBJECT_NAME/g
 	s/A U Thor/AUTHOR/g
 	s/[-0-9]\{10\} [:0-9]\{8\} [-+][0-9]\{4\}/DATE/g
 	s/        [^ ].*/        SUBJECT/g
 	s/  [^ ].* (DATE)/  SUBJECT (DATE)/g
-	s/$downstream_url_for_sed/URL/g
-	s/for-upstream/BRANCH/g
+	s|tags/full|BRANCH|g
 	s/mnemonic.txt/FILENAME/g
 	s/^version [0-9]/VERSION/
 	/^ FILENAME | *[0-9]* [-+]*\$/ b diffstat
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pull request when forgot to push' '
 		test_must_fail git request-pull initial "$downstream_url" \
 			2>../err
 	) &&
-	grep "No branch of.*is at:\$" err &&
+	grep "No match for commit .*" err &&
 	grep "Are you sure you pushed" err
 
 '
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pull request after push' '
 		git checkout initial &&
 		git merge --ff-only master &&
 		git push origin master:for-upstream &&
-		git request-pull initial origin >../request
+		git request-pull initial origin master:for-upstream >../request
 	) &&
 	sed -nf read-request.sed <request >digest &&
 	cat digest &&
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pull request after push' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'request names an appropriate branch' '
+test_expect_success 'request asks HEAD to be pulled' '
 
 	rm -fr downstream.git &&
 	git init --bare downstream.git &&
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ test_expect_success 'request names an appropriate branch' '
 		read repository &&
 		read branch
 	} <digest &&
-	test "$branch" = tags/full
+	test -z "$branch"
 
 '
 
@@ -212,12 +212,24 @@ test_expect_success 'pull request format' '
 		cd local &&
 		git checkout initial &&
 		git merge --ff-only master &&
-		git push origin master:for-upstream &&
-		git request-pull initial "$downstream_url" >../request
+		git push origin tags/full &&
+		git request-pull initial "$downstream_url" tags/full >../request
 	) &&
 	<request sed -nf fuzz.sed >request.fuzzy &&
-	test_cmp expect request.fuzzy
+	test_i18ncmp expect request.fuzzy &&
 
+	(
+		cd local &&
+		git request-pull initial "$downstream_url" tags/full:refs/tags/full
+	) >request &&
+	sed -nf fuzz.sed <request >request.fuzzy &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect request.fuzzy &&
+
+	(
+		cd local &&
+		git request-pull initial "$downstream_url" full
+	) >request &&
+	grep " tags/full\$" request
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'request-pull ignores OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH poison' '
@@ -229,7 +241,7 @@ test_expect_success 'request-pull ignores OPTIONS_KEEPDASHDASH poison' '
 		git checkout initial &&
 		git merge --ff-only master &&
 		git push origin master:for-upstream &&
-		git request-pull -- initial "$downstream_url" >../request
+		git request-pull -- initial "$downstream_url" master:for-upstream >../request
 	)
 
 '
diff --git a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
index d9d856b87b..20c1961515 100755
--- a/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
+++ b/t/t5300-pack-object.sh
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
 	 done <obj-list
     } >current &&
-    test_cmp expect current'
+    cmp expect current'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'use packed deltified (REF_DELTA) objects' \
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
 	 done <obj-list
     } >current &&
-    test_cmp expect current'
+    cmp expect current'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'use packed deltified (OFS_DELTA) objects' \
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	    git cat-file $t $object || return 1
 	 done <obj-list
     } >current &&
-    test_cmp expect current'
+    cmp expect current'
 
 unset GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY
 
@@ -195,9 +195,9 @@ test_expect_success 'survive missing objects/pack directory' '
 		rm -fr $GOP &&
 		git index-pack --stdin --keep=test <../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
 		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack &&
-		test_cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack ../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
+		cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.pack ../test-3-${packname_3}.pack &&
 		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx &&
-		test_cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx ../test-3-${packname_3}.idx &&
+		cmp $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.idx ../test-3-${packname_3}.idx &&
 		test -f $GOP/pack-${packname_3}.keep
 	)
 '
@@ -416,6 +416,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 test_expect_success \
     'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision' \
     'test_must_fail git index-pack -o bad.idx test-3.pack 2>msg &&
-     grep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
+     test_i18ngrep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'make sure index-pack detects the SHA1 collision (large blobs)' \
+    'test_must_fail git -c core.bigfilethreshold=1 index-pack -o bad.idx test-3.pack 2>msg &&
+     test_i18ngrep "SHA1 COLLISION FOUND" msg'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
index fe82025d4a..61bc8da560 100755
--- a/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
+++ b/t/t5302-pack-index.sh
@@ -174,11 +174,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 test_expect_success \
     '[index v1] 5) pack-objects happily reuses corrupted data' \
     'pack4=$(git pack-objects test-4 <obj-list) &&
-     test -f "test-4-${pack1}.pack"'
+     test -f "test-4-${pack4}.pack"'
 
 test_expect_success \
     '[index v1] 6) newly created pack is BAD !' \
-    'test_must_fail git verify-pack -v "test-4-${pack1}.pack"'
+    'test_must_fail git verify-pack -v "test-4-${pack4}.pack"'
 
 test_expect_success \
     '[index v2] 1) stream pack to repository' \
@@ -243,4 +243,23 @@ test_expect_success 'running index-pack in the object store' '
     test -f .git/objects/pack/pack-${pack1}.idx
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'index-pack --strict warns upon missing tagger in tag' '
+    sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+    cat >wrong-tag <<EOF &&
+object $sha
+type commit
+tag guten tag
+
+This is an invalid tag.
+EOF
+
+    tag=$(git hash-object -t tag -w --stdin <wrong-tag) &&
+    pack1=$(echo $tag $sha | git pack-objects tag-test) &&
+    echo remove tag object &&
+    thirtyeight=${tag#??} &&
+    rm -f .git/objects/${tag%$thirtyeight}/$thirtyeight &&
+    git index-pack --strict tag-test-${pack1}.pack 2>err &&
+    grep "^error:.* expected .tagger. line" err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
index 5f6cd4f333..663b02bbb1 100755
--- a/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
+++ b/t/t5303-pack-corruption-resilience.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ do_corrupt_object() {
     ofs=`git show-index < ${pack}.idx | grep $1 | cut -f1 -d" "` &&
     ofs=$(($ofs + $2)) &&
     chmod +w ${pack}.pack &&
-    dd of=${pack}.pack count=1 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$ofs &&
+    dd of=${pack}.pack bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$ofs &&
     test_must_fail git verify-pack ${pack}.pack
 }
 
@@ -276,6 +276,33 @@ test_expect_success \
      git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
 
 test_expect_success \
+    'corruption of delta base reference pointing to wrong object' \
+    'create_new_pack --delta-base-offset &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     printf "\220\033" | do_corrupt_object $blob_3 2 &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 >/dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 >/dev/null &&
+     test_must_fail git cat-file blob $blob_3 >/dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... but having a loose copy allows for full recovery' \
+    'mv ${pack}.idx tmp &&
+     git hash-object -t blob -w file_3 &&
+     mv tmp ${pack}.idx &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    '... and then a repack "clears" the corruption' \
+    'do_repack --delta-base-offset --no-reuse-delta &&
+     git prune-packed &&
+     git verify-pack ${pack}.pack &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_1 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_2 > /dev/null &&
+     git cat-file blob $blob_3 > /dev/null'
+
+test_expect_success \
     'corrupting header to have too small output buffer fails unpack' \
     'create_new_pack &&
      git prune-packed &&
diff --git a/t/t5304-prune.sh b/t/t5304-prune.sh
index d645328609..0794d33dad 100755
--- a/t/t5304-prune.sh
+++ b/t/t5304-prune.sh
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ add_blob() {
 	before=$(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
 	BLOB=$(echo aleph_0 | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
 	BLOB_FILE=.git/objects/$(echo $BLOB | sed "s/^../&\//") &&
-	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	verbose test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	test-chmtime =+0 $BLOB_FILE
 }
 
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ test_expect_success 'prune stale packs' '
 	: > .git/objects/tmp_2.pack &&
 	test-chmtime =-86501 .git/objects/tmp_1.pack &&
 	git prune --expire 1.day &&
-	test -f $orig_pack &&
-	test -f .git/objects/tmp_2.pack &&
-	! test -f .git/objects/tmp_1.pack
+	test_path_is_file $orig_pack &&
+	test_path_is_file .git/objects/tmp_2.pack &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/objects/tmp_1.pack
 
 '
 
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ test_expect_success 'prune --expire' '
 
 	add_blob &&
 	git prune --expire=1.hour.ago &&
-	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	verbose test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	test-chmtime =-86500 $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git prune --expire 1.day &&
-	test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+	verbose test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ test_expect_success 'gc: implicit prune --expire' '
 	add_blob &&
 	test-chmtime =-$((2*$week-30)) $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git gc &&
-	test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	verbose test $((1 + $before)) = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	test-chmtime =-$((2*$week+1)) $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git gc &&
-	test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+	verbose test $before = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -104,6 +104,28 @@ test_expect_success 'prune: prune unreachable heads' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prune: do not prune detached HEAD with no reflog' '
+
+	git checkout --detach --quiet &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "detached commit" &&
+	# verify that there is no reflogs
+	# (should be removed and disabled by previous test)
+	test_path_is_missing .git/logs &&
+	git prune -n >prune_actual &&
+	: >prune_expected &&
+	test_cmp prune_actual prune_expected
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune: prune former HEAD after checking out branch' '
+
+	head_sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git checkout --quiet master &&
+	git prune -v >prune_actual &&
+	grep "$head_sha1" prune_actual
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'prune: do not prune heads listed as an argument' '
 
 	: > file2 &&
@@ -122,8 +144,8 @@ test_expect_success 'gc --no-prune' '
 	test-chmtime =-$((5001*$day)) $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git config gc.pruneExpire 2.days.ago &&
 	git gc --no-prune &&
-	test 1 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE
+	verbose test 1 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -131,10 +153,10 @@ test_expect_success 'gc respects gc.pruneExpire' '
 
 	git config gc.pruneExpire 5002.days.ago &&
 	git gc &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git config gc.pruneExpire 5000.days.ago &&
 	git gc &&
-	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -143,9 +165,9 @@ test_expect_success 'gc --prune=<date>' '
 	add_blob &&
 	test-chmtime =-$((5001*$day)) $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git gc --prune=5002.days.ago &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git gc --prune=5000.days.ago &&
-	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -153,9 +175,9 @@ test_expect_success 'gc --prune=never' '
 
 	add_blob &&
 	git gc --prune=never &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git gc --prune=now &&
-	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -164,10 +186,10 @@ test_expect_success 'gc respects gc.pruneExpire=never' '
 	git config gc.pruneExpire never &&
 	add_blob &&
 	git gc &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git config gc.pruneExpire now &&
 	git gc &&
-	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -175,9 +197,9 @@ test_expect_success 'prune --expire=never' '
 
 	add_blob &&
 	git prune --expire=never &&
-	test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+	test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 	git prune &&
-	test ! -f $BLOB_FILE
+	test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 
 '
 
@@ -187,12 +209,56 @@ test_expect_success 'gc: prune old objects after local clone' '
 	git clone --no-hardlinks . aclone &&
 	(
 		cd aclone &&
-		test 1 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-		test -f $BLOB_FILE &&
+		verbose test 1 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+		test_path_is_file $BLOB_FILE &&
 		git gc --prune &&
-		test 0 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
-		! test -f $BLOB_FILE
+		verbose test 0 = $(git count-objects | sed "s/ .*//") &&
+		test_path_is_missing $BLOB_FILE
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'garbage report in count-objects -v' '
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.bar &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/foo.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.bar &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.pack &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake.idx &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake2.keep &&
+	: >.git/objects/pack/fake3.idx &&
+	git count-objects -v 2>stderr &&
+	grep "index file .git/objects/pack/fake.idx is too small" stderr &&
+	grep "^warning:" stderr | sort >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/fake.bar
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/foo
+warning: garbage found: .git/objects/pack/foo.bar
+warning: no corresponding .idx or .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake2.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.keep
+warning: no corresponding .idx: .git/objects/pack/foo.pack
+warning: no corresponding .pack: .git/objects/pack/fake3.idx
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune .git/shallow' '
+	SHA1=`echo hi|git commit-tree HEAD^{tree}` &&
+	echo $SHA1 >.git/shallow &&
+	git prune --dry-run >out &&
+	grep $SHA1 .git/shallow &&
+	grep $SHA1 out &&
+	git prune &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prune: handle alternate object database' '
+	test_create_repo A &&
+	git -C A commit --allow-empty -m "initial commit" &&
+	git clone --shared A B &&
+	git -C B commit --allow-empty -m "next commit" &&
+	git -C B prune
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5305-include-tag.sh b/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
index b061864a87..21517c70cd 100755
--- a/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t5305-include-tag.sh
@@ -45,9 +45,7 @@ test_expect_success 'unpack objects' '
 test_expect_success 'check unpacked result (have commit, no tag)' '
 	git rev-list --objects $commit >list.expect &&
 	(
-		GIT_DIR=clone.git &&
-		export GIT_DIR &&
-		test_must_fail git cat-file -e $tag &&
+		test_must_fail env GIT_DIR=clone.git git cat-file -e $tag &&
 		git rev-list --objects $commit
 	) >list.actual &&
 	test_cmp list.expect list.actual
diff --git a/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh b/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9c5a8766ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5308-pack-detect-duplicates.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='handling of duplicate objects in incoming packfiles'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-pack.sh
+
+# The sha1s we have in our pack. It's important that these have the same
+# starting byte, so that they end up in the same fanout section of the index.
+# That lets us make sure we are exercising the binary search with both sets.
+LO_SHA1=e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18
+HI_SHA1=e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391
+
+# And here's a "missing sha1" which will produce failed lookups. It must also
+# be in the same fanout section, and should be between the two (so that during
+# our binary search, we are sure to end up looking at one or the other of the
+# duplicate runs).
+MISSING_SHA1='e69d000000000000000000000000000000000000'
+
+# git will never intentionally create packfiles with
+# duplicate objects, so we have to construct them by hand.
+#
+# $1 is the name of the packfile to create
+#
+# $2 is the number of times to duplicate each object
+create_pack () {
+	pack_header "$((2 * $2))" >"$1" &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 "$2"); do
+		pack_obj $LO_SHA1 &&
+		pack_obj $HI_SHA1
+	done >>"$1" &&
+	pack_trailer "$1"
+}
+
+# double-check that create_pack actually works
+test_expect_success 'pack with no duplicates' '
+	create_pack no-dups.pack 1 &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <no-dups.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack will allow duplicate objects by default' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	create_pack dups.pack 100 &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <dups.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create batch-check test vectors' '
+	cat >input <<-EOF &&
+	$LO_SHA1
+	$HI_SHA1
+	$MISSING_SHA1
+	EOF
+	cat >expect <<-EOF
+	$LO_SHA1 blob 2
+	$HI_SHA1 blob 0
+	$MISSING_SHA1 missing
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup in duplicated pack (binary search)' '
+	git cat-file --batch-check <input >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'lookup in duplicated pack (GIT_USE_LOOKUP)' '
+	(
+		GIT_USE_LOOKUP=1 &&
+		export GIT_USE_LOOKUP &&
+		git cat-file --batch-check <input >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack can reject packs with duplicates' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	create_pack dups.pack 2 &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --strict --stdin <dups.pack &&
+	test_expect_code 1 git cat-file -e $LO_SHA1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh b/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3e7861b075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5309-pack-delta-cycles.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test index-pack handling of delta cycles in packfiles'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-pack.sh
+
+# Two similar-ish objects that we have computed deltas between.
+A=01d7713666f4de822776c7622c10f1b07de280dc
+B=e68fe8129b546b101aee9510c5328e7f21ca1d18
+
+# double-check our hand-constucted packs
+test_expect_success 'index-pack works with a single delta (A->B)' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B
+	} >ab.pack &&
+	pack_trailer ab.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ab.pack &&
+	git cat-file -t $A &&
+	git cat-file -t $B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack works with a single delta (B->A)' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A &&
+		pack_obj $B $A
+	} >ba.pack &&
+	pack_trailer ba.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ba.pack &&
+	git cat-file -t $A &&
+	git cat-file -t $B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack detects missing base objects' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 1 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B
+	} >missing.pack &&
+	pack_trailer missing.pack &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <missing.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'index-pack detects REF_DELTA cycles' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 2 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B $A
+	} >cycle.pack &&
+	pack_trailer cycle.pack &&
+	test_must_fail git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <cycle.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'failover to an object in another pack' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	git index-pack --stdin <ab.pack &&
+	git index-pack --stdin --fix-thin <cycle.pack
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'failover to a duplicate object in the same pack' '
+	clear_packs &&
+	{
+		pack_header 3 &&
+		pack_obj $A $B &&
+		pack_obj $B $A &&
+		pack_obj $A
+	} >recoverable.pack &&
+	pack_trailer recoverable.pack &&
+	git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <recoverable.pack
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6003490192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='exercise basic bitmap functionality'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+objpath () {
+	echo ".git/objects/$(echo "$1" | sed -e 's|\(..\)|\1/|')"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repo with moderate-sized history' '
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 10); do
+		test_commit $i
+	done &&
+	git checkout -b other HEAD~5 &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 10); do
+		test_commit side-$i
+	done &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	blob=$(echo tagged-blob | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	git tag tagged-blob $blob &&
+	git config repack.writebitmaps true &&
+	git config pack.writebitmaphashcache true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'full repack creates bitmaps' '
+	git repack -ad &&
+	ls .git/objects/pack/ | grep bitmap >output &&
+	test_line_count = 1 output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --test-bitmap verifies bitmaps' '
+	git rev-list --test-bitmap HEAD
+'
+
+rev_list_tests() {
+	state=$1
+
+	test_expect_success "counting commits via bitmap ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --count HEAD >expect &&
+		git rev-list --use-bitmap-index --count HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "counting partial commits via bitmap ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --count HEAD~5..HEAD >expect &&
+		git rev-list --use-bitmap-index --count HEAD~5..HEAD >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "counting non-linear history ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --count other...master >expect &&
+		git rev-list --use-bitmap-index --count other...master >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "enumerate --objects ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --objects --use-bitmap-index HEAD >tmp &&
+		cut -d" " -f1 <tmp >tmp2 &&
+		sort <tmp2 >actual &&
+		git rev-list --objects HEAD >tmp &&
+		cut -d" " -f1 <tmp >tmp2 &&
+		sort <tmp2 >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "bitmap --objects handles non-commit objects ($state)" '
+		git rev-list --objects --use-bitmap-index HEAD tagged-blob >actual &&
+		grep $blob actual
+	'
+}
+
+rev_list_tests 'full bitmap'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from bitmapped repository' '
+	git clone --no-local --bare . clone.git &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=clone.git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup further non-bitmapped commits' '
+	for i in $(test_seq 1 10); do
+		test_commit further-$i
+	done
+'
+
+rev_list_tests 'partial bitmap'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch (partial bitmap)' '
+	git --git-dir=clone.git fetch origin master:master &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=clone.git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'incremental repack cannot create bitmaps' '
+	test_commit more-1 &&
+	find .git/objects/pack -name "*.bitmap" >expect &&
+	git repack -d &&
+	find .git/objects/pack -name "*.bitmap" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'incremental repack can disable bitmaps' '
+	test_commit more-2 &&
+	git repack -d --no-write-bitmap-index
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'full repack, reusing previous bitmaps' '
+	git repack -ad &&
+	ls .git/objects/pack/ | grep bitmap >output &&
+	test_line_count = 1 output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch (full bitmap)' '
+	git --git-dir=clone.git fetch origin master:master &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=clone.git rev-parse HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create objects for missing-HAVE tests' '
+	blob=$(echo "missing have" | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	tree=$(printf "100644 blob $blob\tfile\n" | git mktree) &&
+	parent=$(echo parent | git commit-tree $tree) &&
+	commit=$(echo commit | git commit-tree $tree -p $parent) &&
+	cat >revs <<-EOF
+	HEAD
+	^HEAD^
+	^$commit
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack with missing blob' '
+	rm $(objpath $blob) &&
+	git pack-objects --stdout --revs <revs >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack with missing tree' '
+	rm $(objpath $tree) &&
+	git pack-objects --stdout --revs <revs >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack with missing parent' '
+	rm $(objpath $parent) &&
+	git pack-objects --stdout --revs <revs >/dev/null
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq JGIT '
+	type jgit
+'
+
+test_expect_success JGIT 'we can read jgit bitmaps' '
+	git clone . compat-jgit &&
+	(
+		cd compat-jgit &&
+		rm -f .git/objects/pack/*.bitmap &&
+		jgit gc &&
+		git rev-list --test-bitmap HEAD
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success JGIT 'jgit can read our bitmaps' '
+	git clone . compat-us &&
+	(
+		cd compat-us &&
+		git repack -adb &&
+		# jgit gc will barf if it does not like our bitmaps
+		jgit gc
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'splitting packs does not generate bogus bitmaps' '
+	test-genrandom foo $((1024 * 1024)) >rand &&
+	git add rand &&
+	git commit -m "commit with big file" &&
+	git -c pack.packSizeLimit=500k repack -adb &&
+	git init --bare no-bitmaps.git &&
+	git -C no-bitmaps.git fetch .. HEAD
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5311-pack-bitmaps-shallow.sh b/t/t5311-pack-bitmaps-shallow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..872a95df33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5311-pack-bitmaps-shallow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check bitmap operation with shallow repositories'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# We want to create a situation where the shallow, grafted
+# view of reachability does not match reality in a way that
+# might cause us to send insufficient objects.
+#
+# We do this with a history that repeats a state, like:
+#
+#      A    --   B    --   C
+#    file=1    file=2    file=1
+#
+# and then create a shallow clone to the second commit, B.
+# In a non-shallow clone, that would mean we already have
+# the tree for A. But in a shallow one, we've grafted away
+# A, and fetching A to B requires that the other side send
+# us the tree for file=1.
+test_expect_success 'setup shallow repo' '
+	echo 1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m orig &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git commit -a -m update &&
+	git clone --no-local --bare --depth=1 . shallow.git &&
+	echo 1 >file &&
+	git commit -a -m repeat
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn on bitmaps in the parent' '
+	git repack -adb
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow fetch from bitmapped repo' '
+	(cd shallow.git && git fetch)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5312-prune-corruption.sh b/t/t5312-prune-corruption.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8e98b44083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5312-prune-corruption.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='
+Test pruning of repositories with minor corruptions. The goal
+here is that we should always be erring on the side of safety. So
+if we see, for example, a ref with a bogus name, it is OK either to
+bail out or to proceed using it as a reachable tip, but it is _not_
+OK to proceed as if it did not exist. Otherwise we might silently
+delete objects that cannot be recovered.
+'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'disable reflogs' '
+	git config core.logallrefupdates false &&
+	rm -rf .git/logs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create history reachable only from a bogus-named ref' '
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m master &&
+	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m bogus &&
+	bogus=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git cat-file commit $bogus >saved &&
+	echo $bogus >.git/refs/heads/bogus..name &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pruning does not drop bogus object' '
+	test_when_finished "git hash-object -w -t commit saved" &&
+	test_might_fail git prune --expire=now &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'put bogus object into pack' '
+	git tag reachable $bogus &&
+	git repack -ad &&
+	git tag -d reachable &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'destructive repack keeps packed object' '
+	test_might_fail git repack -Ad --unpack-unreachable=now &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus &&
+	test_might_fail git repack -ad &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $bogus
+'
+
+# subsequent tests will have different corruptions
+test_expect_success 'clean up bogus ref' '
+	rm .git/refs/heads/bogus..name
+'
+
+# We create two new objects here, "one" and "two". Our
+# master branch points to "two", which is deleted,
+# corrupting the repository. But we'd like to make sure
+# that the otherwise unreachable "one" is not pruned
+# (since it is the user's best bet for recovering
+# from the corruption).
+#
+# Note that we also point HEAD somewhere besides "two",
+# as we want to make sure we test the case where we
+# pick up the reference to "two" by iterating the refs,
+# not by resolving HEAD.
+test_expect_success 'create history with missing tip commit' '
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m one &&
+	recoverable=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git cat-file commit $recoverable >saved &&
+	test_tick && git commit --allow-empty -m two &&
+	missing=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	git checkout --detach $base &&
+	rm .git/objects/$(echo $missing | sed "s,..,&/,") &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -e $missing
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pruning with a corrupted tip does not drop history' '
+	test_when_finished "git hash-object -w -t commit saved" &&
+	test_might_fail git prune --expire=now &&
+	verbose git cat-file -e $recoverable
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-refs does not silently delete broken loose ref' '
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	echo $missing >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# we do not want to count on running pack-refs to
+# actually pack it, as it is perfectly reasonable to
+# skip processing a broken ref
+test_expect_success 'create packed-refs file with broken ref' '
+	rm -f .git/refs/heads/master &&
+	cat >.git/packed-refs <<-EOF &&
+	$missing refs/heads/master
+	$recoverable refs/heads/other
+	EOF
+	echo $missing >expect &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-refs does not silently delete broken packed ref' '
+	git pack-refs --all --prune &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pack-refs does not drop broken refs during deletion' '
+	git update-ref -d refs/heads/other &&
+	git rev-parse refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5400-send-pack.sh b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
index 0eace37a03..04cea97f87 100755
--- a/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5400-send-pack.sh
@@ -76,8 +76,7 @@ test_expect_success 'refuse pushing rewound head without --force' '
 	test "$victim_head" = "$pushed_head"
 '
 
-test_expect_success \
-        'push can be used to delete a ref' '
+test_expect_success 'push can be used to delete a ref' '
 	( cd victim && git branch extra master ) &&
 	git send-pack ./victim :extra master &&
 	( cd victim &&
@@ -145,6 +144,41 @@ test_expect_success 'push --all excludes remote-tracking hierarchy' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'receive-pack runs auto-gc in remote repo' '
+	rm -rf parent child &&
+	git init parent &&
+	(
+	    # Setup a repo with 2 packs
+	    cd parent &&
+	    echo "Some text" >file.txt &&
+	    git add . &&
+	    git commit -m "Initial commit" &&
+	    git repack -adl &&
+	    echo "Some more text" >>file.txt &&
+	    git commit -a -m "Second commit" &&
+	    git repack
+	) &&
+	cp -R parent child &&
+	(
+	    # Set the child to auto-pack if more than one pack exists
+	    cd child &&
+	    git config gc.autopacklimit 1 &&
+	    git config gc.autodetach false &&
+	    git branch test_auto_gc &&
+	    # And create a file that follows the temporary object naming
+	    # convention for the auto-gc to remove
+	    : >.git/objects/tmp_test_object &&
+	    test-chmtime =-1209601 .git/objects/tmp_test_object
+	) &&
+	(
+	    cd parent &&
+	    echo "Even more text" >>file.txt &&
+	    git commit -a -m "Third commit" &&
+	    git send-pack ../child HEAD:refs/heads/test_auto_gc
+	) &&
+	test ! -e child/.git/objects/tmp_test_object
+'
+
 rewound_push_setup() {
 	rm -rf parent child &&
 	mkdir parent &&
@@ -161,19 +195,6 @@ rewound_push_setup() {
 	)
 }
 
-rewound_push_succeeded() {
-	cmp ../parent/.git/refs/heads/master .git/refs/heads/master
-}
-
-rewound_push_failed() {
-	if rewound_push_succeeded
-	then
-		false
-	else
-		true
-	fi
-}
-
 test_expect_success 'pushing explicit refspecs respects forcing' '
 	rewound_push_setup &&
 	parent_orig=$(cd parent && git rev-parse --verify master) &&
diff --git a/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh b/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh
index 17bcb0b040..7f278d8ce9 100755
--- a/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh
+++ b/t/t5401-update-hooks.sh
@@ -135,4 +135,17 @@ test_expect_success 'send-pack stderr contains hook messages' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'pre-receive hook that forgets to read its input' '
+	write_script victim.git/hooks/pre-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	exit 0
+	EOF
+	rm -f victim.git/hooks/update victim.git/hooks/post-update &&
+
+	for v in $(test_seq 100 999)
+	do
+		git branch branch_$v master || return
+	done &&
+	git push ./victim.git "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/*"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh b/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh
index 1753ef2b91..fc898c9eac 100755
--- a/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t5403-post-checkout-hook.sh
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right arguments with HEAD unchan
 	old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
-	test $old = $new -a $flag = 1
+	test $old = $new && test $flag = 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'post-checkout runs as expected ' '
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ test_expect_success 'post-checkout args are correct with git checkout -b ' '
 	old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone1/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
-	test $old = $new -a $flag = 1
+	test $old = $new && test $flag = 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right args with HEAD changed ' '
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right args with HEAD changed ' '
 	old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
-	test $old != $new -a $flag = 1
+	test $old != $new && test $flag = 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right args when not switching branches ' '
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ test_expect_success 'post-checkout receives the right args when not switching br
 	old=$(awk "{print \$1}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	new=$(awk "{print \$2}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
 	flag=$(awk "{print \$3}" clone2/.git/post-checkout.args) &&
-	test $old = $new -a $flag = 0
+	test $old = $new && test $flag = 0
 '
 
 if test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = true; then
diff --git a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
index c24003565d..2b8c0bac7d 100755
--- a/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
+++ b/t/t5404-tracking-branches.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ test_expect_success 'prepare pushable branches' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mixed-success push returns error' '
-	test_must_fail git push
+	test_must_fail git push origin :
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'check tracking branches updated correctly after push' '
diff --git a/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh b/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
index baa670cea5..ea2e0d4b48 100755
--- a/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t5407-post-rewrite-hook.sh
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ clear_hook_input () {
 }
 
 verify_hook_input () {
-	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.args expected.args &&
-	test_cmp "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.data expected.data
+	test_cmp expected.args "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.args &&
+	test_cmp expected.data "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/post-rewrite.data
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'git commit --amend' '
diff --git a/t/t5408-send-pack-stdin.sh b/t/t5408-send-pack-stdin.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e8737df6f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5408-send-pack-stdin.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='send-pack --stdin tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+create_ref () {
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	commit=$(echo "$1" | git commit-tree $tree) &&
+	git update-ref "$1" $commit
+}
+
+clear_remote () {
+	rm -rf remote.git &&
+	git init --bare remote.git
+}
+
+verify_push () {
+	git rev-parse "$1" >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=remote.git rev-parse "${2:-$1}" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup refs' '
+	cat >refs <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/heads/A
+	refs/heads/C
+	refs/tags/D
+	refs/heads/B
+	refs/tags/E
+	EOF
+	for i in $(cat refs); do
+		create_ref $i || return 1
+	done
+'
+
+# sanity check our setup
+test_expect_success 'refs on cmdline' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	git send-pack remote.git $(cat refs) &&
+	for i in $(cat refs); do
+		verify_push $i || return 1
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refs over stdin' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	git send-pack remote.git --stdin <refs &&
+	for i in $(cat refs); do
+		verify_push $i || return 1
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin lines are full refspecs' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	echo "A:other" >input &&
+	git send-pack remote.git --stdin <input &&
+	verify_push refs/heads/A refs/heads/other
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stdin mixed with cmdline' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	echo A >input &&
+	git send-pack remote.git --stdin B <input &&
+	verify_push A &&
+	verify_push B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cmdline refs written in order' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git A:foo B:foo &&
+	verify_push A foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--stdin refs come after cmdline' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	echo A:foo >input &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git --stdin B:foo <input &&
+	verify_push B foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refspecs and --mirror do not mix (cmdline)' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git --mirror $(cat refs)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'refspecs and --mirror do not mix (stdin)' '
+	clear_remote &&
+	test_must_fail git send-pack remote.git --mirror --stdin <refs
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
index ce51692bb2..692d71738b 100755
--- a/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
+++ b/t/t5500-fetch-pack.sh
@@ -125,16 +125,37 @@ test_expect_success 'single branch object count' '
 	test_cmp expected count.singlebranch
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'single given branch clone' '
+	git clone --single-branch --branch A "file://$(pwd)/." branch-a &&
+	test_must_fail git --git-dir=branch-a/.git rev-parse origin/B
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth 1' '
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow0 &&
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow0/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth 1 with fsck' '
+	git config --global fetch.fsckobjects true &&
+	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow0fsck &&
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow0fsck/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 1 &&
+	git config --global --unset fetch.fsckobjects
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow' '
 	git clone --no-single-branch --depth 2 "file://$(pwd)/." shallow
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth count' '
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 2
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow &&
-	grep "^in-pack: 18" count.shallow
+	grep "^in-pack: 12" count.shallow
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count (part 2)' '
@@ -251,12 +272,36 @@ test_expect_success 'additional simple shallow deepenings' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow depth count' '
+	test "`git --git-dir=shallow/.git rev-list --count HEAD`" = 11
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 	(
 		cd shallow &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow &&
-	grep "^count: 52" count.shallow
+	grep "^count: 55" count.shallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --no-shallow on full repo' '
+	test_must_fail git fetch --noshallow
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --depth --no-shallow' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch --depth=1 --noshallow
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'turn shallow to complete repository' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		git fetch --unshallow &&
+		! test -f .git/shallow &&
+		git fsck --full
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow without --no-single-branch' '
@@ -268,7 +313,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
 		cd shallow2 &&
 		git count-objects -v
 	) > count.shallow2 &&
-	grep "^in-pack: 6" count.shallow2
+	grep "^in-pack: 3" count.shallow2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow with --branch' '
@@ -276,7 +321,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone shallow with --branch' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone shallow object count' '
-	echo "in-pack: 12" > count3.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 3" > count3.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow3/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count3.actual &&
 	test_cmp count3.expected count3.actual
@@ -305,7 +350,7 @@ EOF
 	GIT_DIR=shallow6/.git git tag -l >taglist.actual &&
 	test_cmp taglist.expected taglist.actual &&
 
-	echo "in-pack: 7" > count6.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count6.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow6/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count6.actual &&
 	test_cmp count6.expected count6.actual
@@ -320,10 +365,273 @@ EOF
 	GIT_DIR=shallow7/.git git tag -l >taglist.actual &&
 	test_cmp taglist.expected taglist.actual &&
 
-	echo "in-pack: 7" > count7.expected &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count7.expected &&
 	GIT_DIR=shallow7/.git git count-objects -v |
 		grep "^in-pack" > count7.actual &&
 	test_cmp count7.expected count7.actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone shallow with packed refs' '
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	git clone --depth 1 --branch A "file://$(pwd)/." shallow8 &&
+	echo "in-pack: 4" > count8.expected &&
+	GIT_DIR=shallow8/.git git count-objects -v |
+		grep "^in-pack" > count8.actual &&
+	test_cmp count8.expected count8.actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch in shallow repo unreachable shallow objects' '
+	(
+		git clone --bare --branch B --single-branch "file://$(pwd)/." no-reflog &&
+		git clone --depth 1 "file://$(pwd)/no-reflog" shallow9 &&
+		cd no-reflog &&
+		git tag -d TAGB1 TAGB2 &&
+		git update-ref refs/heads/B B~~ &&
+		git gc --prune=now &&
+		cd ../shallow9 &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git fsck --no-dangling
+	)
+'
+test_expect_success 'fetch creating new shallow root' '
+	(
+		git clone "file://$(pwd)/." shallow10 &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m empty &&
+		cd shallow10 &&
+		git fetch --depth=1 --progress 2>actual &&
+		# This should fetch only the empty commit, no tree or
+		# blob objects
+		grep "remote: Total 1" actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup tests for the --stdin parameter' '
+	for head in C D E F
+	do
+		add $head
+	done &&
+	for head in A B C D E F
+	do
+		git tag $head $head
+	done &&
+	cat >input <<-\EOF &&
+	refs/heads/C
+	refs/heads/A
+	refs/heads/D
+	refs/tags/C
+	refs/heads/B
+	refs/tags/A
+	refs/heads/E
+	refs/tags/B
+	refs/tags/E
+	refs/tags/D
+	EOF
+	sort <input >expect &&
+	(
+		echo refs/heads/E &&
+		echo refs/tags/E &&
+		cat input
+	) >input.dup
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch refs from cmdline' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git fetch-pack --no-progress .. $(cat ../input)
+	) >output &&
+	cut -d " " -f 2 <output | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch refs from stdin' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git fetch-pack --stdin --no-progress .. <../input
+	) >output &&
+	cut -d " " -f 2 <output | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch mixed refs from cmdline and stdin' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		tail -n +5 ../input |
+		git fetch-pack --stdin --no-progress .. $(head -n 4 ../input)
+	) >output &&
+	cut -d " " -f 2 <output | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test duplicate refs from stdin' '
+	(
+	cd client &&
+	git fetch-pack --stdin --no-progress .. <../input.dup
+	) >output &&
+	cut -d " " -f 2 <output | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up tests of missing reference' '
+	cat >expect-error <<-\EOF
+	error: no such remote ref refs/heads/xyzzy
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test lonely missing ref' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch-pack --no-progress .. refs/heads/xyzzy
+	) >/dev/null 2>error-m &&
+	test_cmp expect-error error-m
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test missing ref after existing' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch-pack --no-progress .. refs/heads/A refs/heads/xyzzy
+	) >/dev/null 2>error-em &&
+	test_cmp expect-error error-em
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test missing ref before existing' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch-pack --no-progress .. refs/heads/xyzzy refs/heads/A
+	) >/dev/null 2>error-me &&
+	test_cmp expect-error error-me
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --all, --depth, and explicit head' '
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git fetch-pack --no-progress --all --depth=1 .. refs/heads/A
+	) >out-adh 2>error-adh
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --all, --depth, and explicit tag' '
+	git tag OLDTAG refs/heads/B~5 &&
+	(
+		cd client &&
+		git fetch-pack --no-progress --all --depth=1 .. refs/tags/OLDTAG
+	) >out-adt 2>error-adt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow fetch with tags does not break the repository' '
+	mkdir repo1 &&
+	(
+		cd repo1 &&
+		git init &&
+		test_commit 1 &&
+		test_commit 2 &&
+		test_commit 3 &&
+		mkdir repo2 &&
+		cd repo2 &&
+		git init &&
+		git fetch --depth=2 ../.git master:branch &&
+		git fsck
+	)
+'
+check_prot_path () {
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Diag: url=$1
+	Diag: protocol=$2
+	Diag: path=$3
+	EOF
+	git fetch-pack --diag-url "$1" | grep -v hostandport= >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+check_prot_host_port_path () {
+	local diagport
+	case "$2" in
+		*ssh*)
+		pp=ssh
+		uah=userandhost
+		ehost=$(echo $3 | tr -d "[]")
+		diagport="Diag: port=$4"
+		;;
+		*)
+		pp=$p
+		uah=hostandport
+		ehost=$(echo $3$4 | sed -e "s/22$/:22/" -e "s/NONE//")
+		diagport=""
+		;;
+	esac
+	cat >exp <<-EOF &&
+	Diag: url=$1
+	Diag: protocol=$pp
+	Diag: $uah=$ehost
+	$diagport
+	Diag: path=$5
+	EOF
+	grep -v "^$" exp >expected
+	git fetch-pack --diag-url "$1" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+for r in repo re:po re/po
+do
+	# git or ssh with scheme
+	for p in "ssh+git" "git+ssh" git ssh
+	do
+		for h in host user@host user@[::1] user@::1
+		do
+			test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/$r" '
+				check_prot_host_port_path $p://$h/$r $p "$h" NONE "/$r"
+			'
+			# "/~" -> "~" conversion
+			test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/~$r" '
+				check_prot_host_port_path $p://$h/~$r $p "$h" NONE "~$r"
+			'
+		done
+		for h in host User@host User@[::1]
+		do
+			test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h:22/$r" '
+				check_prot_host_port_path $p://$h:22/$r $p "$h" 22 "/$r"
+			'
+		done
+	done
+	# file with scheme
+	for p in file
+	do
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/$r" '
+			check_prot_path $p://$h/$r $p "/$r"
+		'
+		# No "/~" -> "~" conversion for file
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $p://$h/~$r" '
+			check_prot_path $p://$h/~$r $p "/~$r"
+		'
+	done
+	# file without scheme
+	for h in nohost nohost:12 [::1] [::1]:23 [ [:aa
+	do
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url ./$h:$r" '
+			check_prot_path ./$h:$r $p "./$h:$r"
+		'
+		# No "/~" -> "~" conversion for file
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url ./$p:$h/~$r" '
+		check_prot_path ./$p:$h/~$r $p "./$p:$h/~$r"
+		'
+	done
+	#ssh without scheme
+	p=ssh
+	for h in host [::1]
+	do
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $h:$r" '
+			check_prot_host_port_path $h:$r $p "$h" NONE "$r"
+		'
+		# Do "/~" -> "~" conversion
+		test_expect_success "fetch-pack --diag-url $h:/~$r" '
+			check_prot_host_port_path $h:/~$r $p "$h" NONE "~$r"
+		'
+	done
+done
+
+test_expect_success MINGW 'fetch-pack --diag-url file://c:/repo' '
+	check_prot_path file://c:/repo file c:/repo
+'
+test_expect_success MINGW 'fetch-pack --diag-url c:repo' '
+	check_prot_path c:repo file c:repo
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
index 60de2d6ede..4ca48f0276 100755
--- a/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
+++ b/t/t5503-tagfollow.sh
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ test_description='test automatic tag following'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-if ! test_have_prereq NOT_MINGW; then
-	say "GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK not supported - skipping tests"
-fi
-
 # End state of the repository:
 #
 #         T - tag1          S - tag2
@@ -17,7 +13,7 @@ fi
 #     \   C - origin/cat    \
 #      origin/master         master
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW setup '
+test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo ichi >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -39,28 +35,35 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW setup '
 '
 
 U=UPLOAD_LOG
+UPATH="$(pwd)/$U"
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $A
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
+get_needs () {
+	test -s "$1" &&
+	perl -alne '
+		next unless $F[1] eq "upload-pack<";
+		last if $F[2] eq "0000";
+		print $F[2], " ", $F[3];
+	' "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch A (new commit : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
+test_expect_success "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
 	git tag -a -m tag1 tag1 $A &&
 	T=$(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 
@@ -72,30 +75,27 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create tag T on A, create C on branch cat" '
 	git checkout master
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $C
 want $T
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch C, T (new branch, tag : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $C = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/cat) &&
 		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
+test_expect_success "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo O >file &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -111,55 +111,49 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW "create commits O, B, tag S on B" '
 	S=$(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $B
 want $S
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch B, S (commit and tag : 1 connection)' '
 	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		cd cloned &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
 		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'setup expect' '
+test_expect_success 'setup expect' '
 cat - <<EOF >expect
-#S
 want $B
 want $S
-#E
 EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
-	git branch -D cat
-	rm -f $U
+test_expect_success 'new clone fetch master and tags' '
+	test_might_fail git branch -D cat &&
+	rm -f $U &&
 	(
 		mkdir clone2 &&
 		cd clone2 &&
 		git init &&
 		git remote add origin .. &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch 3>../$U &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$UPATH git fetch &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify origin/master) &&
 		test $S = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2) &&
 		test $B = $(git rev-parse --verify tag2^0) &&
 		test $T = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1) &&
 		test $A = $(git rev-parse --verify tag1^0)
 	) &&
-	test -s $U &&
-	cut -d" " -f1,2 $U >actual &&
+	get_needs $U >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh b/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
index 35ec294d9a..69ee13c8be 100755
--- a/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
+++ b/t/t5504-fetch-receive-strict.sh
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push with !receive.fsckobjects' '
 
 cat >exp <<EOF
 To dst
-!	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/test	[remote rejected] (n/a (unpacker error))
+!	refs/heads/master:refs/heads/test	[remote rejected] (unpacker error)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'push with receive.fsckobjects' '
diff --git a/t/t5505-remote.sh b/t/t5505-remote.sh
index e8af615e6d..7a8499ce66 100755
--- a/t/t5505-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5505-remote.sh
@@ -42,101 +42,104 @@ check_tracking_branch () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-
 	setup_repository one &&
 	setup_repository two &&
 	(
-		cd two && git branch another
+		cd two &&
+		git branch another
 	) &&
 	git clone one test
-
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remote information for the origin' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	check_tracking_branch origin HEAD master side
-)
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'remote information for the origin' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		check_tracking_branch origin HEAD master side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add another remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	git remote add -f second ../two &&
-	tokens_match "origin second" "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	check_remote_track second master side another &&
-	check_tracking_branch second master side another &&
-	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
-	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
-	    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
-	>expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote add -f second ../two &&
+		tokens_match "origin second" "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_tracking_branch second master side another &&
+		git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
+		sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" \
+		    -e "/^refs\/remotes\/second\//d" >actual &&
+		>expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'check remote-tracking' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		check_remote_track second master side another
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remote forces tracking branches' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	case `git config remote.second.fetch` in
-	+*) true ;;
-	 *) false ;;
-	esac
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		case `git config remote.second.fetch` in
+		+*) true ;;
+		 *) false ;;
+		esac
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/second/HEAD refs/remotes/second/master &&
-	git remote rm second
-)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/second/HEAD refs/remotes/second/master &&
+		git remote rm second
+	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remove remote' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
-	check_remote_track origin master side &&
-	git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
-	sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
-	>expect &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-)
+test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'remove remote' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		tokens_match origin "$(git remote)" &&
+		check_remote_track origin master side &&
+		git for-each-ref "--format=%(refname)" refs/remotes |
+		sed -e "/^refs\/remotes\/origin\//d" >actual &&
+		>expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'remove remote protects local branches' '
-(
-	cd test &&
-	{ cat >expect1 <<EOF
-Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;
-to delete it, use:
-  git branch -d master
-EOF
-	} &&
-	{ cat >expect2 <<EOF
-Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;
-to delete them, use:
-  git branch -d foobranch
-  git branch -d master
-EOF
-	} &&
-	git tag footag &&
-	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
-	git remote rm oops 2>actual1 &&
-	git branch foobranch &&
-	git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
-	git remote rm oops 2>actual2 &&
-	git branch -d foobranch &&
-	git tag -d footag &&
-	test_cmp expect1 actual1 &&
-	test_cmp expect2 actual2
-)
-'
-
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		cat >expect1 <<-\EOF &&
+		Note: A branch outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy was not removed;
+		to delete it, use:
+		  git branch -d master
+		EOF
+		cat >expect2 <<-\EOF &&
+		Note: Some branches outside the refs/remotes/ hierarchy were not removed;
+		to delete them, use:
+		  git branch -d foobranch
+		  git branch -d master
+		EOF
+		git tag footag &&
+		git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
+		git remote remove oops 2>actual1 &&
+		git branch foobranch &&
+		git config --add remote.oops.fetch "+refs/*:refs/*" &&
+		git remote rm oops 2>actual2 &&
+		git branch -d foobranch &&
+		git tag -d footag &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect1 actual1 &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect2 actual2
+	)
+'
+
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 * remote origin
   Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
   Push  URL: $(pwd)/one
@@ -157,45 +160,47 @@ cat > test/expect << EOF
 * remote two
   Fetch URL: ../two
   Push  URL: ../three
-  HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):
-    another
-    master
+  HEAD branch: master
   Local refs configured for 'git push':
     ahead  forces to master  (fast-forwardable)
     master pushes to another (up to date)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'show' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
-	 git fetch &&
-	 git checkout -b ahead origin/master &&
-	 echo 1 >> file &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -m update file &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git branch --track octopus origin/master &&
-	 git branch --track rebase origin/master &&
-	 git branch -d -r origin/master &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.url ../two &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.pushurl ../three &&
-	 git config branch.rebase.rebase true &&
-	 git config branch.octopus.merge "topic-a topic-b topic-c" &&
-	 (cd ../one &&
-	  echo 1 > file &&
-	  test_tick &&
-	  git commit -m update file) &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push : &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
-	 git config --add remote.origin.push +refs/tags/lastbackup &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.push +refs/heads/ahead:refs/heads/master &&
-	 git config --add remote.two.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/another &&
-	 git remote show origin two > output &&
-	 git branch -d rebase octopus &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-'
-
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git checkout -b ahead origin/master &&
+		echo 1 >>file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m update file &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git branch --track octopus origin/master &&
+		git branch --track rebase origin/master &&
+		git branch -d -r origin/master &&
+		git config --add remote.two.url ../two &&
+		git config --add remote.two.pushurl ../three &&
+		git config branch.rebase.rebase true &&
+		git config branch.octopus.merge "topic-a topic-b topic-c" &&
+		(
+			cd ../one &&
+			echo 1 >file &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m update file
+		) &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push : &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.push +refs/tags/lastbackup &&
+		git config --add remote.two.push +refs/heads/ahead:refs/heads/master &&
+		git config --add remote.two.push refs/heads/master:refs/heads/another &&
+		git remote show origin two >output &&
+		git branch -d rebase octopus &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
+'
+
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 * remote origin
   Fetch URL: $(pwd)/one
   Push  URL: $(pwd)/one
@@ -213,152 +218,183 @@ cat > test/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'show -n' '
-	(mv one one.unreachable &&
-	 cd test &&
-	 git remote show -n origin > output &&
-	 mv ../one.unreachable ../one &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	mv one one.unreachable &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote show -n origin >output &&
+		mv ../one.unreachable ../one &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'prune' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git fetch origin &&
-	 git remote prune origin &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side side2
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git remote prune origin &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head --delete' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD &&
-	 git remote set-head --delete origin &&
-	 test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD &&
+		git remote set-head --delete origin &&
+		test_must_fail git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head --auto' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote set-head --auto origin &&
-	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote set-head --auto origin &&
+		echo refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
 	)
 '
 
-cat >test/expect <<EOF
-error: Multiple remote HEAD branches. Please choose one explicitly with:
-  git remote set-head two another
-  git remote set-head two master
-EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'set-head --auto fails w/multiple HEADs' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote set-head --auto two >output 2>&1 &&
-	test_cmp expect output)
+test_expect_success 'set-head --auto has no problem w/multiple HEADs' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git fetch two "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/two/*" &&
+		git remote set-head --auto two >output 2>&1 &&
+		echo "two/HEAD set to master" >expect &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat >test/expect <<EOF
+cat >test/expect <<\EOF
 refs/remotes/origin/side2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'set-head explicit' '
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote set-head origin side2 &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
-	 git remote set-head origin master &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote set-head origin side2 &&
+		git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD >output &&
+		git remote set-head origin master &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > test/expect << EOF
+cat >test/expect <<EOF
 Pruning origin
 URL: $(pwd)/one
  * [would prune] origin/side2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'prune --dry-run' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote prune --dry-run origin > output &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	(cd ../one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote prune --dry-run origin >output &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+	(
+		cd ../one &&
+		git branch -m side side2) &&
+		test_i18ncmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add --mirror && prune' '
-	(mkdir mirror &&
-	 cd mirror &&
-	 git init --bare &&
-	 git remote add --mirror -f origin ../one) &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side) &&
-	(cd mirror &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side &&
-	 git fetch origin &&
-	 git remote prune origin &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side)
+	mkdir mirror &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git init --bare &&
+		git remote add --mirror -f origin ../one
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side &&
+		git fetch origin &&
+		git remote prune origin &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side2 &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/side
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add --mirror=fetch' '
 	mkdir mirror-fetch &&
 	git init mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 test_commit one) &&
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
 	git init --bare mirror-fetch/child &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=fetch -f parent ../parent)
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git remote add --mirror=fetch -f parent ../parent
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors act as mirrors during fetch' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git branch new &&
-	 git branch -m master renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git branch new &&
+		git branch -m master renamed
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git fetch parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git fetch parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors can prune' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git remote prune parent &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git remote prune parent &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirrors do not act as mirrors during push' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git checkout HEAD^0
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/child &&
-	 git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
-	 git push parent
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/child &&
+		git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
+		git push parent :
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add fetch mirror with specific branches' '
 	git init --bare mirror-fetch/track &&
-	(cd mirror-fetch/track &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=fetch -t heads/new parent ../parent
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/track &&
+		git remote add --mirror=fetch -t heads/new parent ../parent
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch mirror respects specific branches' '
-	(cd mirror-fetch/track &&
-	 git fetch parent &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
+	(
+		cd mirror-fetch/track &&
+		git fetch parent &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed
 	)
 '
 
@@ -366,60 +402,72 @@ test_expect_success 'add --mirror=push' '
 	mkdir mirror-push &&
 	git init --bare mirror-push/public &&
 	git init mirror-push/private &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 test_commit one &&
-	 git remote add --mirror=push public ../public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git remote add --mirror=push public ../public
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors act as mirrors during push' '
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git branch new &&
-	 git branch -m master renamed &&
-	 git push public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git branch new &&
+		git branch -m master renamed &&
+		git push public
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors do not act as mirrors during fetch' '
-	(cd mirror-push/public &&
-	 git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
-	 git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/public &&
+		git branch -m renamed renamed2 &&
+		git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/renamed2
 	) &&
-	(cd mirror-push/private &&
-	 git fetch public &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/private &&
+		git fetch public &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/renamed2
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push mirrors do not allow you to specify refs' '
 	git init mirror-push/track &&
-	(cd mirror-push/track &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote add --mirror=push -t new public ../public
+	(
+		cd mirror-push/track &&
+		test_must_fail git remote add --mirror=push -t new public ../public
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add alt && prune' '
-	(mkdir alttst &&
-	 cd alttst &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f origin ../one &&
-	 git config remote.alt.url ../one &&
-	 git config remote.alt.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*") &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side side2) &&
-	(cd alttst &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
-	 git fetch alt &&
-	 git remote prune alt &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
-	 git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2)
+	mkdir alttst &&
+	(
+		cd alttst &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f origin ../one &&
+		git config remote.alt.url ../one &&
+		git config remote.alt.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side side2
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd alttst &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2 &&
+		git fetch alt &&
+		git remote prune alt &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side2
+	)
 '
 
 cat >test/expect <<\EOF
@@ -427,20 +475,24 @@ some-tag
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add with reachable tags (default)' '
-	(cd one &&
-	 >foobar &&
-	 git add foobar &&
-	 git commit -m "Foobar" &&
-	 git tag -a -m "Foobar tag" foobar-tag &&
-	 git reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
-	 git tag -a -m "Some tag" some-tag) &&
-	(mkdir add-tags &&
-	 cd add-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
-	 test_must_fail git config remote.origin.tagopt) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		>foobar &&
+		git add foobar &&
+		git commit -m "Foobar" &&
+		git tag -a -m "Foobar tag" foobar-tag &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD~1 &&
+		git tag -a -m "Some tag" some-tag
+	) &&
+	mkdir add-tags &&
+	(
+		cd add-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
+		test_must_fail git config remote.origin.tagopt
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
@@ -451,14 +503,16 @@ foobar-tag
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add --tags' '
-	(rm -rf add-tags &&
-	 mkdir add-tags &&
-	 cd add-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f --tags origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
-	 git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output) &&
+	rm -rf add-tags &&
+	(
+		mkdir add-tags &&
+		cd add-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f --tags origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >>../test/output &&
+		git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
@@ -467,25 +521,31 @@ cat >test/expect <<\EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'add --no-tags' '
-	(rm -rf add-tags &&
-	 mkdir add-no-tags &&
-	 cd add-no-tags &&
-	 git init &&
-	 git remote add -f --no-tags origin ../one &&
-	 git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git tag -l foobar-tag >../test/output &&
-	 git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output) &&
-	(cd one &&
-	 git tag -d some-tag foobar-tag) &&
+	rm -rf add-tags &&
+	(
+		mkdir add-no-tags &&
+		cd add-no-tags &&
+		git init &&
+		git remote add -f --no-tags origin ../one &&
+		git tag -l some-tag >../test/output &&
+		git tag -l foobar-tag >../test/output &&
+		git config remote.origin.tagopt >>../test/output
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git tag -d some-tag foobar-tag
+	) &&
 	test_cmp test/expect test/output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject --no-no-tags' '
-	(cd add-no-tags &&
-	 test_must_fail git remote add -f --no-no-tags neworigin ../one)
+	(
+		cd add-no-tags &&
+		test_must_fail git remote add -f --no-no-tags neworigin ../one
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   apis/master
   apis/side
   drosophila/another
@@ -494,17 +554,17 @@ cat > one/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 git remote add drosophila ../two &&
-	 git remote add apis ../mirror &&
-	 git remote update &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git remote add drosophila ../two &&
+		git remote add apis ../mirror &&
+		git remote update &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   drosophila/another
   drosophila/master
   drosophila/side
@@ -515,34 +575,40 @@ cat > one/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update with arguments' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git remote add manduca ../mirror &&
-	 git remote add megaloprepus ../mirror &&
-	 git config remotes.phobaeticus "drosophila megaloprepus" &&
-	 git config remotes.titanus manduca &&
-	 git remote update phobaeticus titanus &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
+		done &&
+		git remote add manduca ../mirror &&
+		git remote add megaloprepus ../mirror &&
+		git config remotes.phobaeticus "drosophila megaloprepus" &&
+		git config remotes.titanus manduca &&
+		git remote update phobaeticus titanus &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update --prune' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 git branch -m side2 side3) &&
-	(cd test &&
-	 git remote update --prune &&
-	 (cd ../one && git branch -m side3 side2) &&
-	 git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side3 &&
-	 test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2)
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch -m side2 side3
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git remote update --prune &&
+		(
+			cd ../one &&
+			git branch -m side3 side2
+		) &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side3 &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/side2
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<-\EOF
   apis/master
   apis/side
   manduca/master
@@ -552,176 +618,204 @@ cat > one/expect << EOF
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update default' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remote.drosophila.skipDefaultUpdate true &&
-	 git remote update default &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
+		done &&
+		git config remote.drosophila.skipDefaultUpdate true &&
+		git remote update default &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
-cat > one/expect << EOF
+cat >one/expect <<\EOF
   drosophila/another
   drosophila/master
   drosophila/side
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'update default (overridden, with funny whitespace)' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remotes.default "$(printf "\t drosophila  \n")" &&
-	 git remote update default &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
+		done &&
+		git config remotes.default "$(printf "\t drosophila  \n")" &&
+		git remote update default &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'update (with remotes.default defined)' '
-
-	(cd one &&
-	 for b in $(git branch -r)
-	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
-	 done &&
-	 git config remotes.default "drosophila" &&
-	 git remote update &&
-	 git branch -r > output &&
-	 test_cmp expect output)
-
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		for b in $(git branch -r)
+		do
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
+		done &&
+		git config remotes.default "drosophila" &&
+		git remote update &&
+		git branch -r >output &&
+		test_cmp expect output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"remote show" does not show symbolic refs' '
-
 	git clone one three &&
-	(cd three &&
-	 git remote show origin > output &&
-	 ! grep "^ *HEAD$" < output &&
-	 ! grep -i stale < output)
-
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git remote show origin >output &&
+		! grep "^ *HEAD$" < output &&
+		! grep -i stale < output
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject adding remote with an invalid name' '
-
 	test_must_fail git remote add some:url desired-name
-
 '
 
 # The first three test if the tracking branches are properly renamed,
 # the last two ones check if the config is updated.
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote' '
-
 	git clone one four &&
-	(cd four &&
-	 git remote rename origin upstream &&
-	 rmdir .git/refs/remotes/origin &&
-	 test "$(git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/upstream/HEAD)" = "refs/remotes/upstream/master" &&
-	 test "$(git rev-parse upstream/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*" &&
-	 test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "upstream")
-
+	(
+		cd four &&
+		git remote rename origin upstream &&
+		rmdir .git/refs/remotes/origin &&
+		test "$(git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/upstream/HEAD)" = "refs/remotes/upstream/master" &&
+		test "$(git rev-parse upstream/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*" &&
+		test "$(git config branch.master.remote)" = "upstream"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename does not update a non-default fetch refspec' '
-
 	git clone one four.one &&
-	(cd four.one &&
-	 git config remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/* &&
-	 git remote rename origin upstream &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/*" &&
-	 git rev-parse -q origin/master)
-
+	(
+		cd four.one &&
+		git config remote.origin.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/* &&
+		git remote rename origin upstream &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/heads/origin/*" &&
+		git rev-parse -q origin/master
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote with name part of fetch spec' '
-
 	git clone one four.two &&
-	(cd four.two &&
-	 git remote rename origin remote &&
-	 git remote rename remote upstream &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*")
-
+	(
+		cd four.two &&
+		git remote rename origin remote &&
+		git remote rename remote upstream &&
+		test "$(git config remote.upstream.fetch)" = "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/upstream/*"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'rename a remote with name prefix of other remote' '
-
 	git clone one four.three &&
-	(cd four.three &&
-	 git remote add o git://example.com/repo.git &&
-	 git remote rename o upstream &&
-	 test "$(git rev-parse origin/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)")
-
+	(
+		cd four.three &&
+		git remote add o git://example.com/repo.git &&
+		git remote rename o upstream &&
+		test "$(git rev-parse origin/master)" = "$(git rev-parse master)"
+	)
 '
 
-cat > remotes_origin << EOF
+cat >remotes_origin <<EOF
 URL: $(pwd)/one
 Push: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream
+Push: refs/heads/next:refs/heads/upstream2
 Pull: refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin
+Pull: refs/heads/next:refs/heads/origin2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/remotes' '
 	git clone one five &&
 	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
-	(cd five &&
-	 git remote rm origin &&
-	 mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
-	 cat ../remotes_origin > .git/remotes/origin &&
-	 git remote rename origin origin &&
-	 ! test -f .git/remotes/origin &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin")
+	(
+		cd five &&
+		git remote remove origin &&
+		mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
+		cat ../remotes_origin >.git/remotes/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/remotes/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
+		cat >push_expected <<-\EOF &&
+		refs/heads/master:refs/heads/upstream
+		refs/heads/next:refs/heads/upstream2
+		EOF
+		cat >fetch_expected <<-\EOF &&
+		refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin
+		refs/heads/next:refs/heads/origin2
+		EOF
+		git config --get-all remote.origin.push >push_actual &&
+		git config --get-all remote.origin.fetch >fetch_actual &&
+		test_cmp push_expected push_actual &&
+		test_cmp fetch_expected fetch_actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches' '
 	git clone one six &&
 	origin_url=$(pwd)/one &&
-	(cd six &&
-	 git remote rm origin &&
-	 echo "$origin_url" > .git/branches/origin &&
-	 git remote rename origin origin &&
-	 ! test -f .git/branches/origin &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
-	 test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin")
+	(
+		cd six &&
+		git remote rm origin &&
+		echo "$origin_url" >.git/branches/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/branches/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "$origin_url" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/master:refs/heads/origin" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "HEAD:refs/heads/master"
+	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'remote prune to cause a dangling symref' '
+test_expect_success 'migrate a remote from named file in $GIT_DIR/branches (2)' '
 	git clone one seven &&
 	(
+		cd seven &&
+		git remote rm origin &&
+		echo "quux#foom" > .git/branches/origin &&
+		git remote rename origin origin &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/branches/origin &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "quux" &&
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.fetch)" = "refs/heads/foom:refs/heads/origin"
+		test "$(git config remote.origin.push)" = "HEAD:refs/heads/foom"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'remote prune to cause a dangling symref' '
+	git clone one eight &&
+	(
 		cd one &&
 		git checkout side2 &&
 		git branch -D master
 	) &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		git remote prune origin
 	) >err 2>&1 &&
-	grep "has become dangling" err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has become dangling" err &&
 
 	: And the dangling symref will not cause other annoying errors &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		git branch -a
 	) 2>err &&
 	! grep "points nowhere" err &&
 	(
-		cd seven &&
+		cd eight &&
 		test_must_fail git branch nomore origin
 	) 2>err &&
 	grep "dangling symref" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'show empty remote' '
-
 	test_create_repo empty &&
 	git clone empty empty-clone &&
 	(
@@ -997,4 +1091,31 @@ test_expect_success 'remote set-url --delete baz' '
 	cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'extra args: setup' '
+	# add a dummy origin so that this does not trigger failure
+	git remote add origin .
+'
+
+test_extra_arg () {
+	test_expect_success "extra args: $*" "
+		test_must_fail git remote $* bogus_extra_arg 2>actual &&
+		grep '^usage:' actual
+	"
+}
+
+test_extra_arg add nick url
+test_extra_arg rename origin newname
+test_extra_arg remove origin
+test_extra_arg set-head origin master
+# set-branches takes any number of args
+test_extra_arg set-url origin newurl oldurl
+# show takes any number of args
+# prune takes any number of args
+# update takes any number of args
+
+test_expect_success 'add remote matching the "insteadOf" URL' '
+	git config url.xyz@example.com.insteadOf backup &&
+	git remote add backup xyz@example.com
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5510-fetch.sh b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
index 79ee913130..0ba9db0884 100755
--- a/t/t5510-fetch.sh
+++ b/t/t5510-fetch.sh
@@ -14,6 +14,14 @@ test_bundle_object_count () {
 	test "$2" = $(grep '^[0-9a-f]\{40\} ' verify.out | wc -l)
 }
 
+convert_bundle_to_pack () {
+	while read x && test -n "$x"
+	do
+		:;
+	done
+	cat
+}
+
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo >file original &&
 	git add file &&
@@ -80,7 +88,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch --prune on its own works as expected' '
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone . prune &&
 	cd prune &&
-	git fetch origin refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch master &&
 
 	git fetch --prune origin &&
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse origin/extrabranch
@@ -90,7 +98,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch --prune with a branch name keeps branches' '
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone . prune-branch &&
 	cd prune-branch &&
-	git fetch origin refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch master &&
 
 	git fetch --prune origin master &&
 	git rev-parse origin/extrabranch
@@ -105,25 +113,65 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch --prune with a namespace keeps other namespaces' '
 	git rev-parse origin/master
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'fetch --prune --tags does not delete the remote-tracking branches' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch --prune handles overlapping refspecs' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git update-ref refs/pull/42/head master &&
+	git clone . prune-overlapping &&
+	cd prune-overlapping &&
+	git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/pull/*/head:refs/remotes/origin/pr/* &&
+
+	git fetch --prune origin &&
+	git rev-parse origin/master &&
+	git rev-parse origin/pr/42 &&
+
+	git config --unset-all remote.origin.fetch &&
+	git config remote.origin.fetch refs/pull/*/head:refs/remotes/origin/pr/* &&
+	git config --add remote.origin.fetch refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
+
+	git fetch --prune origin &&
+	git rev-parse origin/master &&
+	git rev-parse origin/pr/42
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --prune --tags prunes branches but not tags' '
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone . prune-tags &&
 	cd prune-tags &&
-	git fetch origin refs/heads/master:refs/tags/sometag &&
+	git tag sometag master &&
+	# Create what looks like a remote-tracking branch from an earlier
+	# fetch that has since been deleted from the remote:
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/fake-remote master &&
 
 	git fetch --prune --tags origin &&
 	git rev-parse origin/master &&
-	test_must_fail git rev-parse somebranch
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse origin/fake-remote &&
+	git rev-parse sometag
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'fetch --prune --tags with branch does not delete other remote-tracking branches' '
+test_expect_success 'fetch --prune --tags with branch does not prune other things' '
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone . prune-tags-branch &&
 	cd prune-tags-branch &&
-	git fetch origin refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch &&
+	git tag sometag master &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch master &&
 
 	git fetch --prune --tags origin master &&
-	git rev-parse origin/extrabranch
+	git rev-parse origin/extrabranch &&
+	git rev-parse sometag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --prune --tags with refspec prunes based on refspec' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git clone . prune-tags-refspec &&
+	cd prune-tags-refspec &&
+	git tag sometag master &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/foo/otherbranch master &&
+	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/extrabranch master &&
+
+	git fetch --prune --tags origin refs/heads/foo/*:refs/remotes/origin/foo/* &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/foo/otherbranch &&
+	git rev-parse origin/extrabranch &&
+	git rev-parse sometag
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch tags when there is no tags' '
@@ -154,6 +202,36 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch following tags' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fetch uses remote ref names to describe new refs' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git init descriptive &&
+	(
+		cd descriptive &&
+		git config remote.o.url .. &&
+		git config remote.o.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/crazyheads/*" &&
+		git config --add remote.o.fetch "refs/others/*:refs/heads/*" &&
+		git fetch o
+	) &&
+	git tag -a -m "Descriptive tag" descriptive-tag &&
+	git branch descriptive-branch &&
+	git checkout descriptive-branch &&
+	echo "Nuts" >crazy &&
+	git add crazy &&
+	git commit -a -m "descriptive commit" &&
+	git update-ref refs/others/crazy HEAD &&
+	(
+		cd descriptive &&
+		git fetch o 2>actual &&
+		grep " -> refs/crazyheads/descriptive-branch$" actual |
+		test_i18ngrep "new branch" &&
+		grep " -> descriptive-tag$" actual |
+		test_i18ngrep "new tag" &&
+		grep " -> crazy$" actual |
+		test_i18ngrep "new ref"
+	) &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'fetch must not resolve short tag name' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
@@ -206,13 +284,7 @@ test_expect_success 'unbundle 1' '
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle 1 has only 3 files ' '
 	cd "$D" &&
-	(
-		while read x && test -n "$x"
-		do
-			:;
-		done
-		cat
-	) <bundle1 >bundle.pack &&
+	convert_bundle_to_pack <bundle1 >bundle.pack &&
 	git index-pack bundle.pack &&
 	test_bundle_object_count bundle.pack 3
 '
@@ -229,13 +301,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bundle does not prerequisite objects' '
 	git add file2 &&
 	git commit -m add.file2 file2 &&
 	git bundle create bundle3 -1 HEAD &&
-	(
-		while read x && test -n "$x"
-		do
-			:;
-		done
-		cat
-	) <bundle3 >bundle.pack &&
+	convert_bundle_to_pack <bundle3 >bundle.pack &&
 	git index-pack bundle.pack &&
 	test_bundle_object_count bundle.pack 3
 '
@@ -255,7 +321,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch via rsync' '
 	mkdir rsynced &&
 	(cd rsynced &&
 	 git init --bare &&
-	 git fetch "rsync:$(pwd)/../.git" master:refs/heads/master &&
+	 git fetch "rsync:../.git" master:refs/heads/master &&
 	 git gc --prune &&
 	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
 	 git fsck --full)
@@ -266,7 +332,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push via rsync' '
 	(cd rsynced2 &&
 	 git init) &&
 	(cd rsynced &&
-	 git push "rsync:$(pwd)/../rsynced2/.git" master) &&
+	 git push "rsync:../rsynced2/.git" master) &&
 	(cd rsynced2 &&
 	 git gc --prune &&
 	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
@@ -277,7 +343,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push via rsync' '
 	mkdir rsynced3 &&
 	(cd rsynced3 &&
 	 git init) &&
-	git push --all "rsync:$(pwd)/rsynced3/.git" &&
+	git push --all "rsync:rsynced3/.git" &&
 	(cd rsynced3 &&
 	 test $(git rev-parse master) = $(cd .. && git rev-parse master) &&
 	 git fsck --full)
@@ -344,29 +410,75 @@ test_expect_success 'bundle should record HEAD correctly' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'explicit fetch should not update tracking' '
+test_expect_success 'mark initial state of origin/master' '
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git tag base-origin-master refs/remotes/origin/master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit fetch should update tracking' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git fetch origin master &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "$o" = "$n" &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'explicit pull should not update tracking' '
+test_expect_success 'explicit pull should update tracking' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git pull origin master &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit --refmap is allowed only with command-line refspec' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch --refmap="*:refs/remotes/none/*"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicit --refmap option overrides remote.*.fetch' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git branch -f side &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git fetch --refmap="refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/other/*" origin master &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" = "$n" &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/other/master
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'explicitly empty --refmap option disables remote.*.fetch' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git branch -f side &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git fetch --refmap="" origin master &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		test "$o" = "$n" &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/side
 	)
@@ -378,6 +490,7 @@ test_expect_success 'configured fetch updates tracking' '
 	git branch -f side &&
 	(
 		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
 		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
 		git fetch origin &&
 		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
@@ -386,6 +499,22 @@ test_expect_success 'configured fetch updates tracking' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'non-matching refspecs do not confuse tracking update' '
+	cd "$D" &&
+	git update-ref refs/odd/location HEAD &&
+	(
+		cd three &&
+		git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master base-origin-master &&
+		git config --add remote.origin.fetch \
+			refs/odd/location:refs/remotes/origin/odd &&
+		o=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		git fetch origin master &&
+		n=$(git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
+		test "$o" != "$n" &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/odd
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'pushing nonexistent branch by mistake should not segv' '
 
 	cd "$D" &&
@@ -433,14 +562,150 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch --dry-run' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success "should be able to fetch with duplicate refspecs" '
-        mkdir dups &&
-        cd dups &&
-        git init &&
-        git config branch.master.remote three &&
-        git config remote.three.url ../three/.git &&
-        git config remote.three.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
-        git config --add remote.three.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
-        git fetch three
+	mkdir dups &&
+	(
+		cd dups &&
+		git init &&
+		git config branch.master.remote three &&
+		git config remote.three.url ../three/.git &&
+		git config remote.three.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
+		git config --add remote.three.fetch +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* &&
+		git fetch three
+	)
+'
+
+# configured prune tests
+
+set_config_tristate () {
+	# var=$1 val=$2
+	case "$2" in
+	unset)  test_unconfig "$1" ;;
+	*)	git config "$1" "$2" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+test_configured_prune () {
+	fetch_prune=$1 remote_origin_prune=$2 cmdline=$3 expected=$4
+
+	test_expect_success "prune fetch.prune=$1 remote.origin.prune=$2${3:+ $3}; $4" '
+		# make sure a newbranch is there in . and also in one
+		git branch -f newbranch &&
+		(
+			cd one &&
+			test_unconfig fetch.prune &&
+			test_unconfig remote.origin.prune &&
+			git fetch &&
+			git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+		) &&
+
+		# now remove it
+		git branch -d newbranch &&
+
+		# then test
+		(
+			cd one &&
+			set_config_tristate fetch.prune $fetch_prune &&
+			set_config_tristate remote.origin.prune $remote_origin_prune &&
+
+			git fetch $cmdline &&
+			case "$expected" in
+			pruned)
+				test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+				;;
+			kept)
+				git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/newbranch
+				;;
+			esac
+		)
+	'
+}
+
+test_configured_prune unset unset ""		kept
+test_configured_prune unset unset "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset unset "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false unset ""		kept
+test_configured_prune false unset "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false unset "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  unset ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune true  unset "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  unset "--no-prune"	kept
+
+test_configured_prune unset false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune unset false "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset false "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune false false "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false false "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  false ""		kept
+test_configured_prune true  false "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  false "--no-prune"	kept
+
+test_configured_prune unset true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune unset true  "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune unset true  "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune false true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune false true  "--no-prune"	kept
+test_configured_prune false true  "--prune"	pruned
+
+test_configured_prune true  true  ""		pruned
+test_configured_prune true  true  "--prune"	pruned
+test_configured_prune true  true  "--no-prune"	kept
+
+test_expect_success 'all boundary commits are excluded' '
+	test_commit base &&
+	test_commit oneside &&
+	git checkout HEAD^ &&
+	test_commit otherside &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge otherside &&
+	ad=$(git log --no-walk --format=%ad HEAD) &&
+	git bundle create twoside-boundary.bdl master --since="$ad" &&
+	convert_bundle_to_pack <twoside-boundary.bdl >twoside-boundary.pack &&
+	pack=$(git index-pack --fix-thin --stdin <twoside-boundary.pack) &&
+	test_bundle_object_count .git/objects/pack/pack-${pack##pack	}.pack 3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --prune prints the remotes url' '
+	git branch goodbye &&
+	git clone . only-prunes &&
+	git branch -D goodbye &&
+	(
+		cd only-prunes &&
+		git fetch --prune origin 2>&1 | head -n1 >../actual
+	) &&
+	echo "From ${D}/." >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branchname D/F conflict resolved by --prune' '
+	git branch dir/file &&
+	git clone . prune-df-conflict &&
+	git branch -D dir/file &&
+	git branch dir &&
+	(
+		cd prune-df-conflict &&
+		git fetch --prune &&
+		git rev-parse origin/dir >../actual
+	) &&
+	git rev-parse dir >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetching a one-level ref works' '
+	test_commit extra &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git update-ref refs/foo extra &&
+	git init one-level &&
+	(
+		cd one-level &&
+		git fetch .. HEAD refs/foo
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5511-refspec.sh b/t/t5511-refspec.sh
index c28932216b..de6db86ccf 100755
--- a/t/t5511-refspec.sh
+++ b/t/t5511-refspec.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ test_description='refspec parsing'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_refspec () {
-
 	kind=$1 refspec=$2 expect=$3
 	git config remote.frotz.url "." &&
 	git config --remove-section remote.frotz &&
@@ -84,4 +83,9 @@ test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*' invalid
 test_refspec fetch 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*'
 test_refspec push 'refs/heads/*/for-linus:refs/remotes/mine/*'
 
+good=$(printf '\303\204')
+test_refspec fetch "refs/heads/${good}"
+bad=$(printf '\011tab')
+test_refspec fetch "refs/heads/${bad}"				invalid
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
index 6764d511ce..3bd9759e0f 100755
--- a/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
+++ b/t/t5512-ls-remote.sh
@@ -87,17 +87,15 @@ test_expect_success 'use branch.<name>.remote if possible' '
 test_expect_success 'confuses pattern as remote when no remote specified' '
 	cat >exp <<-\EOF &&
 	fatal: '\''refs*master'\'' does not appear to be a git repository
-	fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
+	fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
+
+	Please make sure you have the correct access rights
+	and the repository exists.
 	EOF
 	#
-	# Do not expect "git ls-remote <pattern>" to work; ls-remote, correctly,
-	# confuses <pattern> for <remote>. Although ugly, this behaviour is akin
-	# to the confusion of refspecs for remotes by git-fetch and git-push,
-	# eg:
-	#
-	#   $ git fetch branch
-	#
-
+	# Do not expect "git ls-remote <pattern>" to work; ls-remote needs
+	# <remote> if you want to feed <pattern>, just like you cannot say
+	# fetch <branch>.
 	# We could just as easily have used "master"; the "*" emphasizes its
 	# role as a pattern.
 	test_must_fail git ls-remote refs*master >actual 2>&1 &&
@@ -105,8 +103,10 @@ test_expect_success 'confuses pattern as remote when no remote specified' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'die with non-2 for wrong repository even with --exit-code' '
-	git ls-remote --exit-code ./no-such-repository ;# not &&
-	status=$? &&
+	{
+		git ls-remote --exit-code ./no-such-repository
+		status=$?
+	} &&
 	test $status != 2 && test $status != 0
 '
 
@@ -128,4 +128,16 @@ test_expect_success 'Report match with --exit-code' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+for configsection in transfer uploadpack
+do
+	test_expect_success "Hide some refs with $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		test_config $configsection.hiderefs refs/tags &&
+		git ls-remote . >actual &&
+		test_unconfig $configsection.hiderefs &&
+		git ls-remote . |
+		sed -e "/	refs\/tags\//d" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	'
+done
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh b/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
index 227dd56137..4b4b6673b8 100755
--- a/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
+++ b/t/t5514-fetch-multiple.sh
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git fetch --all (skipFetchAll)' '
 	(cd test4 &&
 	 for b in $(git branch -r)
 	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
 	 done &&
 	 git remote add three ../three &&
 	 git config remote.three.skipFetchAll true &&
@@ -144,11 +144,41 @@ test_expect_success 'git fetch --multiple (ignoring skipFetchAll)' '
 	(cd test4 &&
 	 for b in $(git branch -r)
 	 do
-		git branch -r -d $b || break
+		git branch -r -d $b || exit 1
 	 done &&
 	 git fetch --multiple one two three &&
 	 git branch -r > output &&
 	 test_cmp ../expect output)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --all --no-tags' '
+	>expect &&
+	git clone one test5 &&
+	git clone test5 test6 &&
+	(cd test5 && git tag test-tag) &&
+	(
+		cd test6 &&
+		git fetch --all --no-tags &&
+		git tag >output
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect test6/output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git fetch --all --tags' '
+	echo test-tag >expect &&
+	git clone one test7 &&
+	git clone test7 test8 &&
+	(
+		cd test7 &&
+		test_commit test-tag &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd test8 &&
+		git fetch --all --tags &&
+		git tag >output
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect test8/output
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git
index 1669cc4af0..0f70f66c70 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.br-unconfig_--tags_.._.git
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # br-unconfig --tags ../.git
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git b/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git
index 8a7493537b..ab473a6e1f 100644
--- a/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git
+++ b/t/t5515/fetch.master_--tags_.._.git
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # master --tags ../.git
+0567da4d5edd2ff4bb292a465ba9e64dcad9536b		../
 6c9dec2b923228c9ff994c6cfe4ae16c12408dc5	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-master' of ../
 8e32a6d901327a23ef831511badce7bf3bf46689	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one' of ../
 22feea448b023a2d864ef94b013735af34d238ba	not-for-merge	tag 'tag-one-tree' of ../
diff --git a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
index b5417cc951..5e04d64109 100755
--- a/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5516-fetch-push.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,29 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='fetching and pushing, with or without wildcard'
+test_description='Basic fetch/push functionality.
+
+This test checks the following functionality:
+
+* command-line syntax
+* refspecs
+* fast-forward detection, and overriding it
+* configuration
+* hooks
+* --porcelain output format
+* hiderefs
+* reflogs
+'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 D=`pwd`
 
 mk_empty () {
-	rm -fr testrepo &&
-	mkdir testrepo &&
+	repo_name="$1"
+	rm -fr "$repo_name" &&
+	mkdir "$repo_name" &&
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		git init &&
 		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn &&
 		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
@@ -18,32 +31,33 @@ mk_empty () {
 }
 
 mk_test () {
-	mk_empty &&
+	repo_name="$1"
+	shift
+
+	mk_empty "$repo_name" &&
 	(
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/$ref || {
-				echo "Oops, push refs/$ref failure"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			git push "$repo_name" $the_first_commit:refs/$ref ||
+			exit
 		done &&
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
-			test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" || {
-				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			echo "$the_first_commit" >expect &&
+			git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual ||
+			exit
 		done &&
 		git fsck --full
 	)
 }
 
 mk_test_with_hooks() {
+	repo_name=$1
 	mk_test "$@" &&
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
 		mkdir .git/hooks &&
 		cd .git/hooks &&
 
@@ -75,22 +89,23 @@ mk_test_with_hooks() {
 }
 
 mk_child() {
-	rm -rf "$1" &&
-	git clone testrepo "$1"
+	rm -rf "$2" &&
+	git clone "$1" "$2"
 }
 
 check_push_result () {
+	repo_name="$1"
+	shift
+
 	(
-		cd testrepo &&
-		it="$1" &&
-		shift
+		cd "$repo_name" &&
+		echo "$1" >expect &&
+		shift &&
 		for ref in "$@"
 		do
-			r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref) &&
-			test "z$r" = "z$it" || {
-				echo "Oops, refs/$ref is wrong"
-				exit 1
-			}
+			git show-ref -s --verify refs/$ref >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual ||
+			exit
 		done &&
 		git fsck --full
 	)
@@ -113,35 +128,33 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch without wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch .. refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git config remote.up.url .. &&
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with insteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -150,15 +163,14 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with insteadOf' '
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with pushInsteadOf (should not rewrite)' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	(
 		TRASH=$(pwd)/ &&
 		cd testrepo &&
@@ -167,321 +179,310 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with pushInsteadOf (should not rewrite)' '
 		git config remote.up.fetch "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 		git fetch up &&
 
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push without wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with wildcard' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 
 	git push testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with insteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
+	test_config "url.$TRASH.insteadOf" trash/ &&
 	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
+	test_config "url.$TRASH.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
 	git push trash/testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with pushInsteadOf and explicit pushurl (pushInsteadOf should not rewrite)' '
-	mk_empty &&
-	TRASH="$(pwd)/" &&
-	git config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" trash/ &&
-	git config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
-	git config remote.r.pushurl "$TRASH/testrepo" &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
+	test_config "url.trash2/.pushInsteadOf" testrepo/ &&
+	test_config "url.trash3/.pushInsteadOf" trash/wrong &&
+	test_config remote.r.url trash/wrong &&
+	test_config remote.r.pushurl "testrepo/" &&
 	git push r refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	git push testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	git push testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads on the command line' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'failed (non-fast-forward) push with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --force with matching heads' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
-	git push --force testrepo &&
-	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	git push --force testrepo : &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with matching heads and forced update' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo : &&
 	git commit --amend -massaged &&
 	git push testrepo +: &&
-	! check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
 	git reset --hard $the_commit
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with no ambiguity (2)' '
 
-	mk_test remotes/origin/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo remotes/origin/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:origin/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit remotes/origin/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit remotes/origin/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec, no ambiguity' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master heads/t/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master heads/t/master &&
 	git branch -f t/master master &&
 	git push testrepo master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/t/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/t/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master remotes/origin/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with weak ambiguity (2)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master &&
 	git push testrepo master:master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit remotes/origin/master remotes/another/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with ambiguity' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
-	if git push testrepo master:frotz
-	then
-		echo "Oops, should have failed"
-		false
-	else
-		check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
-	fi
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master:frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/frotz tags/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (1)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
 	git branch -f frotz master &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit tags/frotz
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tags/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (2)' '
 
-	mk_test heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/frotz tags/frotz &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
 	then
 		git branch -D frotz
 	fi &&
 	git tag -f frotz &&
-	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/frotz
+	git push -f testrepo frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/frotz
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (3)' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/tags/frotz
 	then
 		git tag -d frotz
 	fi &&
 	git branch -f frotz master &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/frotz &&
 	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with colon-less refspec (4)' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	if git show-ref --verify -q refs/heads/frotz
 	then
 		git branch -D frotz
 	fi &&
 	git tag -f frotz &&
 	git push testrepo frotz &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/frotz &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/frotz &&
 	test 1 = $( cd testrepo && git show-ref | wc -l )
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push head with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo master:branch &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push tag with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git tag -f v1.0 &&
 	git push testrepo v1.0:tag &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tags/tag
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tags/tag
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push sha1 with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo `git rev-parse master`:foo
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push ref expression with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo master^:branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with HEAD nonexisting at remote' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout -b local master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with +HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D local &&
 	git checkout -b local &&
 	git push testrepo master local &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local &&
 
 	# Without force rewinding should fail
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/local &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/local &&
 
 	# With force rewinding should succeed
 	git push testrepo +HEAD &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/local
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push HEAD with non-existent, incomplete dest' '
 
-	mk_test &&
+	mk_test testrepo &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git push testrepo HEAD:branch &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/branch
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/branch
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.push = HEAD' '
 
-	mk_test heads/local &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/local &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -f local $the_commit &&
 	(
@@ -489,46 +490,81 @@ test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.push = HEAD' '
 		git checkout local &&
 		git reset --hard $the_first_commit
 	) &&
-	git config remote.there.url testrepo &&
-	git config remote.there.push HEAD &&
-	git config branch.master.remote there &&
+	test_config remote.there.url testrepo &&
+	test_config remote.there.push HEAD &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote there &&
 	git push &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/local
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/local
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with remote.pushdefault' '
+	mk_test up_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test down_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.up.url up_repo &&
+	test_config remote.down.url down_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote up &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault down &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result up_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result down_repo $the_commit heads/master
 '
 
-# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
-git config --remove-section remote.there
-git config --remove-section branch.master
-
 test_expect_success 'push with config remote.*.pushurl' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git checkout master &&
-	git config remote.there.url test2repo &&
-	git config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
-	git push there &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master
+	test_config remote.there.url test2repo &&
+	test_config remote.there.pushurl testrepo &&
+	git push there : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push with config branch.*.pushremote' '
+	mk_test up_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test side_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test down_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.up.url up_repo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault side_repo &&
+	test_config remote.down.url down_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote up &&
+	test_config branch.master.pushremote down &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result up_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result side_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result down_repo $the_commit heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'branch.*.pushremote config order is irrelevant' '
+	mk_test one_repo heads/master &&
+	mk_test two_repo heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.one.url one_repo &&
+	test_config remote.two.url two_repo &&
+	test_config branch.master.pushremote two_repo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault one_repo &&
+	test_config push.default matching &&
+	git push &&
+	check_push_result one_repo $the_first_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result two_repo $the_commit heads/master
 '
 
-# clean up the cruft left with the previous one
-git config --remove-section remote.there
-
 test_expect_success 'push with dry-run' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		old_commit=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master)
 	) &&
-	git push --dry-run testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $old_commit heads/master
+	git push --dry-run testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $old_commit heads/master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push updates local refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	(
 		cd child &&
 		git pull .. master &&
@@ -541,9 +577,9 @@ test_expect_success 'push updates local refs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'push updates up-to-date local refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(cd child1 && git pull .. master && git push) &&
 	(
 		cd child2 &&
@@ -557,8 +593,8 @@ test_expect_success 'push updates up-to-date local refs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'push preserves up-to-date packed refs' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	(
 		cd child &&
 		git push &&
@@ -569,8 +605,8 @@ test_expect_success 'push preserves up-to-date packed refs' '
 
 test_expect_success 'push does not update local refs on failure' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
 	mkdir testrepo/.git/hooks &&
 	echo "#!/no/frobnication/today" >testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
 	chmod +x testrepo/.git/hooks/pre-receive &&
@@ -586,7 +622,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push does not update local refs on failure' '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting an invalid remote ref' '
 
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
 	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
@@ -594,7 +630,7 @@ test_expect_success 'allow deleting an invalid remote ref' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'pushing valid refs triggers post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master heads/next &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master heads/next &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	orgnext=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/next) &&
@@ -630,7 +666,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pushing valid refs triggers post-receive and post-update ho
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deleting dangling ref triggers hooks with correct args' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	rm -f testrepo/.git/objects/??/* &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/master &&
 	(
@@ -659,7 +695,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deleting dangling ref triggers hooks with correct args' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref is not fed to post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	git push testrepo master :refs/heads/nonexistent &&
@@ -691,7 +727,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref is not fed to post-receive a
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref alone does trigger post-receive and post-update hooks' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo :refs/heads/nonexistent &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo/.git &&
@@ -711,7 +747,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deletion of a non-existent ref alone does trigger post-rece
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mixed ref updates, deletes, invalid deletes trigger hooks with correct input' '
-	mk_test_with_hooks heads/master heads/next heads/pu &&
+	mk_test_with_hooks testrepo heads/master heads/next heads/pu &&
 	orgmaster=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	newmaster=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	orgnext=$(cd testrepo && git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/next) &&
@@ -757,14 +793,14 @@ test_expect_success 'mixed ref updates, deletes, invalid deletes trigger hooks w
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting a ref using --delete' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(cd testrepo && git config receive.denyDeleteCurrent warn) &&
 	git push testrepo --delete master &&
 	(cd testrepo && test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow deleting a tag using --delete' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	git tag -a -m dummy_message deltag heads/master &&
 	git push testrepo --tags &&
 	(cd testrepo && git rev-parse --verify -q refs/tags/deltag) &&
@@ -773,17 +809,17 @@ test_expect_success 'allow deleting a tag using --delete' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --delete without args aborts' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --delete refuses src:dest refspecs' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	test_must_fail git push testrepo --delete master:foo
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'warn on push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -794,7 +830,7 @@ test_expect_success 'warn on push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deny push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -804,7 +840,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deny push to HEAD of non-bare repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of bare repository (bare)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -816,7 +852,7 @@ test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of bare repository (bare)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of non-bare repository (config)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git checkout master &&
@@ -827,63 +863,63 @@ test_expect_success 'allow push to HEAD of non-bare repository (config)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git branch second $the_first_commit &&
 	git checkout second &&
 	echo ".." > testrepo/.git/branches/branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch branch1 &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch1) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/heads/branch1" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fetch with branches containing #' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo "..#second" > testrepo/.git/branches/branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
 		git fetch branch2 &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch2) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/branch2" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with branches' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git checkout second &&
 	echo "testrepo" > .git/branches/branch1 &&
 	git push branch1 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push with branches containing #' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo "testrepo#branch3" > .git/branches/branch2 &&
 	git push branch2 &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/branch3) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_first_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/heads | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_first_commit commit	refs/heads/branch3" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	git checkout master
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (consistent)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(
 		cd child1 &&
 		git branch foo &&
@@ -903,9 +939,9 @@ test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (consistent)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (inconsistent)' '
-	mk_test heads/master &&
-	mk_child child1 &&
-	mk_child child2 &&
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
 	(
 		cd child1 &&
 		git branch foo &&
@@ -929,29 +965,50 @@ test_expect_success 'push into aliased refs (inconsistent)' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push requires --force to update lightweight tag' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	mk_child testrepo child1 &&
+	mk_child testrepo child2 &&
+	(
+		cd child1 &&
+		git tag Tag &&
+		git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "file1" &&
+		git tag -f Tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../child2 Tag &&
+		git push --force ../child2 Tag &&
+		git tag -f Tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push ../child2 Tag HEAD~ &&
+		git push --force ../child2 Tag
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	echo >.git/foo  "To testrepo" &&
 	echo >>.git/foo "*	refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master	[new branch]"  &&
 	echo >>.git/foo "Done" &&
 	git push >.git/bar --porcelain  testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(
 		cd testrepo &&
-		r=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/remotes/origin/master) &&
-		test "z$r" = "z$the_commit" &&
-		test 1 = $(git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin | wc -l)
+		echo "$the_commit commit	refs/remotes/origin/master" >expect &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
 	) &&
 	test_cmp .git/foo .git/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain bad url' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	test_must_fail git push >.git/bar --porcelain asdfasdfasd refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	test_must_fail grep -q Done .git/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain rejected' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(cd testrepo &&
 		git reset --hard origin/master^
@@ -965,7 +1022,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push --porcelain rejected' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --porcelain --dry-run rejected' '
-	mk_empty &&
+	mk_empty testrepo &&
 	git push testrepo refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master &&
 	(cd testrepo &&
 		git reset --hard origin/master
@@ -980,19 +1037,471 @@ test_expect_success 'push --porcelain --dry-run rejected' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --prune' '
-	mk_test heads/master heads/second heads/foo heads/bar &&
-	git push --prune testrepo &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit heads/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/second &&
-	! check_push_result $the_first_commit heads/foo heads/bar
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master heads/second heads/foo heads/bar &&
+	git push --prune testrepo : &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/second &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit heads/foo heads/bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push --prune refspec' '
-	mk_test tmp/master tmp/second tmp/foo tmp/bar &&
+	mk_test testrepo tmp/master tmp/second tmp/foo tmp/bar &&
 	git push --prune testrepo "refs/heads/*:refs/tmp/*" &&
-	check_push_result $the_commit tmp/master &&
-	check_push_result $the_first_commit tmp/second &&
-	! check_push_result $the_first_commit tmp/foo tmp/bar
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit tmp/master &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tmp/second &&
+	! check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit tmp/foo tmp/bar
+'
+
+for configsection in transfer receive
+do
+	test_expect_success "push to update a ref hidden by $configsection.hiderefs" '
+		mk_test testrepo heads/master hidden/one hidden/two hidden/three &&
+		(
+			cd testrepo &&
+			git config $configsection.hiderefs refs/hidden
+		) &&
+
+		# push to unhidden ref succeeds normally
+		git push testrepo master:refs/heads/master &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_commit heads/master &&
+
+		# push to update a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo master:refs/hidden/one &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/one &&
+
+		# push to delete a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo :refs/hidden/two &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/two &&
+
+		# idempotent push to update a hidden ref should fail
+		test_must_fail git push testrepo $the_first_commit:refs/hidden/three &&
+		check_push_result testrepo $the_first_commit hidden/three
+	'
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch exact SHA1' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master hidden/one &&
+	git push testrepo master:refs/hidden/one &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git config transfer.hiderefs refs/hidden
+	) &&
+	check_push_result testrepo $the_commit hidden/one &&
+
+	mk_child testrepo child &&
+	(
+		cd child &&
+
+		# make sure $the_commit does not exist here
+		git repack -a -d &&
+		git prune &&
+		test_must_fail git cat-file -t $the_commit &&
+
+		# fetching the hidden object should fail by default
+		test_must_fail git fetch -v ../testrepo $the_commit:refs/heads/copy &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy &&
+
+		# the server side can allow it to succeed
+		(
+			cd ../testrepo &&
+			git config uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant true
+		) &&
+
+		git fetch -v ../testrepo $the_commit:refs/heads/copy master:refs/heads/extra &&
+		cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+		$the_commit
+		$the_first_commit
+		EOF
+		{
+			git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/copy &&
+			git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/extra
+		} >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch follows tags by default' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git for-each-ref >tmp1 &&
+		(
+			cat tmp1
+			sed -n "s|refs/heads/master$|refs/remotes/origin/master|p" tmp1
+		) |
+		sort -k 3 >../expect
+	) &&
+	git init dst &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git remote add origin ../src &&
+		git config branch.master.remote origin &&
+		git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing a specific ref applies remote.$name.push as refmap' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git branch next &&
+		git config remote.dst.url ../dst &&
+		git config remote.dst.push "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/src/*" &&
+		git push dst master &&
+		git show-ref refs/heads/master |
+		sed -e "s|refs/heads/|refs/remotes/src/|" >../dst/expect
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git show-ref refs/heads/next &&
+		test_must_fail git show-ref refs/heads/master &&
+		git show-ref refs/remotes/src/master >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp dst/expect dst/actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with no remote.$name.push, it is not used as refmap' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git branch next &&
+		git config remote.dst.url ../dst &&
+		git config push.default matching &&
+		git push dst master &&
+		git show-ref refs/heads/master >../dst/expect
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git show-ref refs/heads/next &&
+		git show-ref refs/heads/master >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp dst/expect dst/actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with no remote.$name.push, upstream mapping is used' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git branch next &&
+		git config remote.dst.url ../dst &&
+		git config remote.dst.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/dst/*" &&
+		git config push.default upstream &&
+
+		git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/trunk &&
+		git config branch.master.remote dst &&
+
+		git push dst master &&
+		git show-ref refs/heads/master |
+		sed -e "s|refs/heads/master|refs/heads/trunk|" >../dst/expect
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git show-ref refs/heads/master &&
+		test_must_fail git show-ref refs/heads/next &&
+		git show-ref refs/heads/trunk >actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp dst/expect dst/actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push does not follow tags by default' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git checkout -b another &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "future commit" &&
+		git tag -m "future" future &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/master >../expect &&
+		git push ../dst master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --follow-tag only pushes relevant tags' '
+	mk_test testrepo heads/master &&
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git init src &&
+	git init --bare dst &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git pull ../testrepo master &&
+		git tag -m "annotated" tag &&
+		git checkout -b another &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "future commit" &&
+		git tag -m "future" future &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/master refs/tags/tag >../expect
+		git push --follow-tag ../dst master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git for-each-ref >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --no-thin must produce non-thin pack' '
+	cat >>path1 <<\EOF &&
+keep base version of path1 big enough, compared to the new changes
+later, in order to pass size heuristics in
+builtin/pack-objects.c:try_delta()
+EOF
+	git commit -am initial &&
+	git init no-thin &&
+	git --git-dir=no-thin/.git config receive.unpacklimit 0 &&
+	git push no-thin/.git refs/heads/master:refs/heads/foo &&
+	echo modified >> path1 &&
+	git commit -am modified &&
+	git repack -adf &&
+	rcvpck="git receive-pack --reject-thin-pack-for-testing" &&
+	git push --no-thin --receive-pack="$rcvpck" no-thin/.git refs/heads/master:refs/heads/foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing a tag pushes the tagged object' '
+	rm -rf dst.git &&
+	blob=$(echo unreferenced | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	git tag -m foo tag-of-blob $blob &&
+	git init --bare dst.git &&
+	git push dst.git tag-of-blob &&
+	# the receiving index-pack should have noticed
+	# any problems, but we double check
+	echo unreferenced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=dst.git cat-file blob tag-of-blob >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push into bare respects core.logallrefupdates' '
+	rm -rf dst.git &&
+	git init --bare dst.git &&
+	git -C dst.git config core.logallrefupdates true &&
+
+	# double push to test both with and without
+	# the actual pack transfer
+	git push dst.git master:one &&
+	echo "one@{0} push" >expect &&
+	git -C dst.git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git push dst.git master:two &&
+	echo "two@{0} push" >expect &&
+	git -C dst.git log -g --format="%gd %gs" two >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch into bare respects core.logallrefupdates' '
+	rm -rf dst.git &&
+	git init --bare dst.git &&
+	(
+		cd dst.git &&
+		git config core.logallrefupdates true &&
+
+		# as above, we double-fetch to test both
+		# with and without pack transfer
+		git fetch .. master:one &&
+		echo "one@{0} fetch .. master:one: storing head" >expect &&
+		git log -g --format="%gd %gs" one >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+		git fetch .. master:two &&
+		echo "two@{0} fetch .. master:two: storing head" >expect &&
+		git log -g --format="%gd %gs" two >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'receive.denyCurrentBranch = updateInstead' '
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch updateInstead
+	) &&
+	test_commit third path2 &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a repository with pristine working tree
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git update-index -q --refresh &&
+		git diff-files --quiet -- &&
+		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD -- &&
+		test third = "$(cat path2)" &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	) &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a repository with working tree needing a refresh
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		test-chmtime +100 path1
+	) &&
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git update-index -q --refresh &&
+		git diff-files --quiet -- &&
+		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD -- &&
+		test_cmp ../path1 path1 &&
+		test third = "$(cat path2)" &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	) &&
+
+	# Update what is to be pushed
+	test_commit fourth path2 &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a repository with a dirty working tree
+	# (1) the working tree updated
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		echo changed >path1
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git diff --quiet --cached &&
+		test changed = "$(cat path1)"
+	) &&
+
+	# (2) the index updated
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		echo changed >path1 &&
+		git add path1
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git diff --quiet &&
+		test changed = "$(cat path1)"
+	) &&
+
+	# Introduce a new file in the update
+	test_commit fifth path3 &&
+
+	# (3) the working tree has an untracked file that would interfere
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		echo changed >path3
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git diff --quiet &&
+		git diff --quiet --cached &&
+		test changed = "$(cat path3)"
+	) &&
+
+	# (4) the target changes to what gets pushed but it still is a change
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard &&
+		echo fifth >path3 &&
+		git add path3
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		git diff --quiet &&
+		test fifth = "$(cat path3)"
+	)
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'updateInstead with push-to-checkout hook' '
+	rm -fr testrepo &&
+	git init testrepo &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git pull .. master &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^^ &&
+		git tag initial &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch updateInstead &&
+		write_script .git/hooks/push-to-checkout <<-\EOF
+		echo >&2 updating from $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+		echo >&2 updating to "$1"
+
+		git update-index -q --refresh &&
+		git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1" || {
+			status=$?
+			echo >&2 read-tree failed
+			exit $status
+		}
+		EOF
+	) &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a pristine
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git diff --quiet &&
+		git diff HEAD --quiet &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	) &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a repository with conflicting change
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard initial &&
+		echo conflicting >path2
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test $(git rev-parse initial) = $(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+		test conflicting = "$(cat path2)" &&
+		git diff-index --quiet --cached HEAD
+	) &&
+
+	# Try pushing into a repository with unrelated change
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		git reset --hard initial &&
+		echo unrelated >path1 &&
+		echo irrelevant >path5 &&
+		git add path5
+	) &&
+	git push testrepo master &&
+	(
+		cd testrepo &&
+		test "$(cat path1)" = unrelated &&
+		test "$(cat path5)" = irrelevant &&
+		test "$(git diff --name-only --cached HEAD)" = path5 &&
+		test $(git -C .. rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
index e2ad260508..12a5dfb17e 100755
--- a/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
+++ b/t/t5517-push-mirror.sh
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ test_expect_success 'remote.foo.mirror=no has no effect' '
 		git branch keep master &&
 		git push --mirror up &&
 		git branch -D keep &&
-		git push up
+		git push up :
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd mirror &&
diff --git a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
index c00c9b071d..11fcd37700 100755
--- a/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
+++ b/t/t5519-push-alternates.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes' '
 		cd alice-work &&
 		echo more >file &&
 		git commit -a -m second &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bob fetches from alice, works and pushes' '
 		git pull ../alice-pub master &&
 		echo more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m third &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	) &&
 
 	# Check that the second commit by Alice is not sent
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes again' '
 		cd alice-work &&
 		echo more alice >file &&
 		git commit -a -m fourth &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bob works and pushes' '
 		cd bob-work &&
 		echo yet more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m fifth &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ test_expect_success 'alice works and pushes yet again' '
 		git commit -a -m sixth.2 &&
 		echo more and more alice >>file &&
 		git commit -a -m sixth.3 &&
-		git push ../alice-pub
+		git push ../alice-pub :
 	)
 '
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bob works and pushes again' '
 		git hash-object -t commit -w commit &&
 		echo even more bob >file &&
 		git commit -a -m seventh &&
-		git push ../bob-pub
+		git push ../bob-pub :
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5520-pull.sh b/t/t5520-pull.sh
index 35304b41e9..227d293350 100755
--- a/t/t5520-pull.sh
+++ b/t/t5520-pull.sh
@@ -57,6 +57,35 @@ test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not overwrite untracked files' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not overwrite staged files' '
+	git init cloned-staged-colliding &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-staged-colliding &&
+		echo "alternate content" >file &&
+		git add file &&
+		test_must_fail git pull .. master &&
+		echo "alternate content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect file &&
+		git cat-file blob :file >file.index &&
+		test_cmp expect file.index
+	)
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling into void does not remove new staged files' '
+	git init cloned-staged-new &&
+	(
+		cd cloned-staged-new &&
+		echo "new tracked file" >newfile &&
+		git add newfile &&
+		git pull .. master &&
+		echo "new tracked file" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect newfile &&
+		git cat-file blob :newfile >newfile.index &&
+		test_cmp expect newfile.index
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'test . as a remote' '
 
 	git branch copy master &&
@@ -96,8 +125,7 @@ test_expect_success '--rebase' '
 '
 test_expect_success 'pull.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool pull.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset pull.rebase" &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
@@ -105,8 +133,7 @@ test_expect_success 'pull.rebase' '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset branch.to-rebase.rebase" &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
@@ -114,15 +141,102 @@ test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase' '
 
 test_expect_success 'branch.to-rebase.rebase should override pull.rebase' '
 	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
-	git config --bool pull.rebase true &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset pull.rebase" &&
-	git config --bool branch.to-rebase.rebase false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset branch.to-rebase.rebase" &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase false &&
 	git pull . copy &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^) != $(git rev-parse copy) &&
 	test new = $(git show HEAD:file2)
 '
 
+# add a feature branch, keep-merge, that is merged into master, so the
+# test can try preserving the merge commit (or not) with various
+# --rebase flags/pull.rebase settings.
+test_expect_success 'preserve merge setup' '
+	git reset --hard before-rebase &&
+	git checkout -b keep-merge second^ &&
+	test_commit file3 &&
+	git checkout to-rebase &&
+	git merge keep-merge &&
+	git tag before-preserve-rebase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=false create a new merge commit' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase false &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^1) = $(git rev-parse before-preserve-rebase) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=true flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=1 is treated as true and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase 1 &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse keep-merge)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull.rebase=invalid fails' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase invalid &&
+	! git pull . copy
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=false create a new merge commit' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull --rebase=false . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^1) = $(git rev-parse before-preserve-rebase) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=true rebases and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull --rebase=true . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=preserve rebases and merges keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase true &&
+	git pull --rebase=preserve . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse keep-merge)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase=invalid fails' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	! git pull --rebase=invalid . copy
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--rebase overrides pull.rebase=preserve and flattens keep-merge' '
+	git reset --hard before-preserve-rebase &&
+	test_config pull.rebase preserve &&
+	git pull --rebase . copy &&
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) = $(git rev-parse copy) &&
+	test file3 = $(git show HEAD:file3.t)
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--rebase with rebased upstream' '
 
 	git remote add -f me . &&
@@ -171,9 +285,9 @@ test_expect_success 'pull --rebase dies early with dirty working directory' '
 	git update-ref refs/remotes/me/copy copy^ &&
 	COPY=$(git rev-parse --verify me/copy) &&
 	git rebase --onto $COPY copy &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
-	git config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.remote me &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.merge refs/heads/copy &&
+	test_config branch.to-rebase.rebase true &&
 	echo dirty >> file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_must_fail git pull &&
diff --git a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
index 1b06691bb4..453aba53f4 100755
--- a/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5521-pull-options.sh
@@ -15,8 +15,19 @@ test_expect_success 'git pull -q' '
 	mkdir clonedq &&
 	(cd clonedq && git init &&
 	git pull -q "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -q --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedqrb &&
+	(cd clonedqrb && git init &&
+	git pull -q --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	git pull -q --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test_must_be_empty err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull' '
@@ -24,7 +35,15 @@ test_expect_success 'git pull' '
 	(cd cloned && git init &&
 	git pull "../parent" >out 2>err &&
 	test -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedrb &&
+	(cd clonedrb && git init &&
+	git pull --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -v' '
@@ -32,22 +51,30 @@ test_expect_success 'git pull -v' '
 	(cd clonedv && git init &&
 	git pull -v "../parent" >out 2>err &&
 	test -s err &&
-	test ! -s out)
+	test_must_be_empty out)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git pull -v --rebase' '
+	mkdir clonedvrb &&
+	(cd clonedvrb && git init &&
+	git pull -v --rebase "../parent" >out 2>err &&
+	test -s err &&
+	test_must_be_empty out)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -v -q' '
 	mkdir clonedvq &&
 	(cd clonedvq && git init &&
 	git pull -v -q "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s out &&
-	test ! -s err)
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
+	test_must_be_empty err)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git pull -q -v' '
 	mkdir clonedqv &&
 	(cd clonedqv && git init &&
 	git pull -q -v "../parent" >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s out &&
+	test_must_be_empty out &&
 	test -s err)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5525-fetch-tagopt.sh b/t/t5525-fetch-tagopt.sh
index 4fbf7a120f..45815f7378 100755
--- a/t/t5525-fetch-tagopt.sh
+++ b/t/t5525-fetch-tagopt.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ setup_clone () {
 	git clone --mirror . $1 &&
 	git remote add remote_$1 $1 &&
 	(cd $1 &&
-	git tag tag_$1)
+	git tag tag_$1 &&
+	git branch branch_$1)
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -21,21 +22,33 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 test_expect_success "fetch with tagopt=--no-tags does not get tag" '
 	git fetch remote_one &&
-	test_must_fail git show-ref tag_one
+	test_must_fail git show-ref tag_one &&
+	git show-ref remote_one/branch_one
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "fetch --tags with tagopt=--no-tags gets tag" '
+	(
+		cd one &&
+		git branch second_branch_one
+	) &&
 	git fetch --tags remote_one &&
-	git show-ref tag_one
+	git show-ref tag_one &&
+	git show-ref remote_one/second_branch_one
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "fetch --no-tags with tagopt=--tags does not get tag" '
 	git fetch --no-tags remote_two &&
-	test_must_fail git show-ref tag_two
+	test_must_fail git show-ref tag_two &&
+	git show-ref remote_two/branch_two
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "fetch with tagopt=--tags gets tag" '
+	(
+		cd two &&
+		git branch second_branch_two
+	) &&
 	git fetch remote_two &&
-	git show-ref tag_two
+	git show-ref tag_two &&
+	git show-ref remote_two/second_branch_two
 	'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh b/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh
index ca5b027c55..a4532b00d6 100755
--- a/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh
+++ b/t/t5526-fetch-submodules.sh
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ test_expect_success "Recursion stops when no new submodule commits are fetched"
 	head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
 	echo "Fetching submodule submodule" > expect.out.sub &&
 	echo "From $pwd/." > expect.err.sub &&
-	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> expect.err.sub
+	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >>expect.err.sub &&
 	head -2 expect.err >> expect.err.sub &&
 	(
 		cd downstream &&
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ test_expect_success "'--recurse-submodules=on-demand' doesn't recurse when no ne
 		) &&
 		head1=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) &&
 		git add subdir/deepsubmodule &&
-		git commit -m "new deepsubmodule"
+		git commit -m "new deepsubmodule" &&
 		head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
 		echo "From $pwd/submodule" > ../expect.err.sub &&
 		echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> ../expect.err.sub
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ test_expect_success "'--recurse-submodules=on-demand' recurses as deep as necess
 	head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
 	tail -2 expect.err > expect.err.deepsub &&
 	echo "From $pwd/." > expect.err &&
-	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> expect.err
+	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >>expect.err &&
 	cat expect.err.sub >> expect.err &&
 	cat expect.err.deepsub >> expect.err &&
 	(
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ test_expect_success "'fetch.recurseSubmodules=on-demand' overrides global config
 	git commit -m "new submodule" &&
 	head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
 	echo "From $pwd/." > expect.err.2 &&
-	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> expect.err.2
+	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >>expect.err.2 &&
 	head -2 expect.err >> expect.err.2 &&
 	(
 		cd downstream &&
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ test_expect_success "'submodule.<sub>.fetchRecurseSubmodules=on-demand' override
 	git commit -m "new submodule" &&
 	head2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
 	echo "From $pwd/." > expect.err.2 &&
-	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >> expect.err.2
+	echo "   $head1..$head2  master     -> origin/master" >>expect.err.2 &&
 	head -2 expect.err >> expect.err.2 &&
 	(
 		cd downstream &&
diff --git a/t/t5527-fetch-odd-refs.sh b/t/t5527-fetch-odd-refs.sh
index edea9f957e..207899a99f 100755
--- a/t/t5527-fetch-odd-refs.sh
+++ b/t/t5527-fetch-odd-refs.sh
@@ -26,4 +26,37 @@ test_expect_success 'suffix ref is ignored during fetch' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'try to create repo with absurdly long refname' '
+	ref240=$_z40/$_z40/$_z40/$_z40/$_z40/$_z40 &&
+	ref1440=$ref240/$ref240/$ref240/$ref240/$ref240/$ref240 &&
+	git init long &&
+	(
+		cd long &&
+		test_commit long &&
+		test_commit master
+	) &&
+	if git -C long update-ref refs/heads/$ref1440 long; then
+		test_set_prereq LONG_REF
+	else
+		echo >&2 "long refs not supported"
+	fi
+'
+
+test_expect_success LONG_REF 'fetch handles extremely long refname' '
+	git fetch long refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/long/* &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	long
+	master
+	EOF
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(subject)" refs/remotes/long >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success LONG_REF 'push handles extremely long refname' '
+	git push long :refs/heads/$ref1440 &&
+	git -C long for-each-ref --format="%(subject)" refs/heads >actual &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5528-push-default.sh b/t/t5528-push-default.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..73f4bb6346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5528-push-default.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check various push.default settings'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup bare remotes' '
+	git init --bare repo1 &&
+	git remote add parent1 repo1 &&
+	git init --bare repo2 &&
+	git remote add parent2 repo2 &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	git push parent1 HEAD &&
+	git push parent2 HEAD
+'
+
+# $1 = local revision
+# $2 = remote revision (tested to be equal to the local one)
+# $3 = [optional] repo to check for actual output (repo1 by default)
+check_pushed_commit () {
+	git log -1 --format='%h %s' "$1" >expect &&
+	git --git-dir="${3:-repo1}" log -1 --format='%h %s' "$2" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+# $1 = push.default value
+# $2 = expected target branch for the push
+# $3 = [optional] repo to check for actual output (repo1 by default)
+test_push_success () {
+	git ${1:+-c} ${1:+push.default="$1"} push &&
+	check_pushed_commit HEAD "$2" "$3"
+}
+
+# $1 = push.default value
+# check that push fails and does not modify any remote branch
+test_push_failure () {
+	git --git-dir=repo1 log --no-walk --format='%h %s' --all >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git ${1:+-c} ${1:+push.default="$1"} push &&
+	git --git-dir=repo1 log --no-walk --format='%h %s' --all >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+# $1 = success or failure
+# $2 = push.default value
+# $3 = branch to check for actual output (master or foo)
+# $4 = [optional] switch to triangular workflow
+test_pushdefault_workflow () {
+	workflow=central
+	pushdefault=parent1
+	if test -n "${4-}"; then
+		workflow=triangular
+		pushdefault=parent2
+	fi
+	test_expect_success "push.default = $2 $1 in $workflow workflows" "
+		test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+		test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+		test_config remote.pushdefault $pushdefault &&
+		test_commit commit-for-$2${4+-triangular} &&
+		test_push_$1 $2 $3 ${4+repo2}
+	"
+}
+
+test_expect_success '"upstream" pushes to configured upstream' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_push_success upstream foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"upstream" does not push on unconfigured remote' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_unconfig branch.master.remote &&
+	test_commit three &&
+	test_push_failure upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"upstream" does not push on unconfigured branch' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_unconfig branch.master.merge &&
+	test_commit four &&
+	test_push_failure upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"upstream" does not push when remotes do not match' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_config push.default upstream &&
+	test_commit five &&
+	test_must_fail git push parent2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from/to new branch with upstream, matching and simple' '
+	git checkout -b new-branch &&
+	test_push_failure simple &&
+	test_push_failure matching &&
+	test_push_failure upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from/to new branch with current creates remote branch' '
+	test_config branch.new-branch.remote repo1 &&
+	git checkout new-branch &&
+	test_push_success current new-branch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to existing branch, with no upstream configured' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote repo1 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_push_failure simple &&
+	test_push_failure upstream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to existing branch, upstream configured with same name' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote repo1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit six &&
+	test_push_success upstream master &&
+	test_commit seven &&
+	test_push_success simple master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to existing branch, upstream configured with different name' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote repo1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/other-name &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit eight &&
+	test_push_success upstream other-name &&
+	test_commit nine &&
+	test_push_failure simple &&
+	git --git-dir=repo1 log -1 --format="%h %s" "other-name" >expect-other-name &&
+	test_push_success current master &&
+	git --git-dir=repo1 log -1 --format="%h %s" "other-name" >actual-other-name &&
+	test_cmp expect-other-name actual-other-name
+'
+
+# We are on 'master', which integrates with 'foo' from parent1
+# remote (set in test_pushdefault_workflow helper).  Push to
+# parent1 in centralized, and push to parent2 in triangular workflow.
+# The parent1 repository has 'master' and 'foo' branches, while
+# the parent2 repository has only 'master' branch.
+#
+# test_pushdefault_workflow() arguments:
+# $1 = success or failure
+# $2 = push.default value
+# $3 = branch to check for actual output (master or foo)
+# $4 = [optional] switch to triangular workflow
+
+# update parent1's master (which is not our upstream)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success current master
+
+# update parent1's foo (which is our upstream)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success upstream foo
+
+# upsream is foo which is not the name of the current branch
+test_pushdefault_workflow failure simple master
+
+# master and foo are updated
+test_pushdefault_workflow success matching master
+
+# master is updated
+test_pushdefault_workflow success current master triangular
+
+# upstream mode cannot be used in triangular
+test_pushdefault_workflow failure upstream foo triangular
+
+# in triangular, 'simple' works as 'current' and update the branch
+# with the same name.
+test_pushdefault_workflow success simple master triangular
+
+# master is updated (parent2 does not have foo)
+test_pushdefault_workflow success matching master triangular
+
+# default tests, when no push-default is specified. This
+# should behave the same as "simple" in non-triangular
+# settings, and as "current" otherwise.
+
+test_expect_success 'default behavior allows "simple" push' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault parent1 &&
+	test_commit default-master-master &&
+	test_push_success "" master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'default behavior rejects non-simple push' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault parent1 &&
+	test_commit default-master-foo &&
+	test_push_failure ""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'default triangular behavior acts like "current"' '
+	test_config branch.master.remote parent1 &&
+	test_config branch.master.merge refs/heads/foo &&
+	test_config remote.pushdefault parent2 &&
+	test_commit default-triangular &&
+	test_push_success "" master repo2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5529-push-errors.sh b/t/t5529-push-errors.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9871307fd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5529-push-errors.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='detect some push errors early (before contacting remote)'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup commits' '
+	test_commit one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup remote' '
+	git init --bare remote.git &&
+	git remote add origin remote.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup fake receive-pack' '
+	FAKE_RP_ROOT=$(pwd) &&
+	export FAKE_RP_ROOT &&
+	write_script fake-rp <<-\EOF &&
+	echo yes >"$FAKE_RP_ROOT"/rp-ran
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	git config remote.origin.receivepack "\"\$FAKE_RP_ROOT/fake-rp\""
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detect missing branches early' '
+	echo no >rp-ran &&
+	echo no >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git push origin missing &&
+	test_cmp expect rp-ran
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detect missing sha1 expressions early' '
+	echo no >rp-ran &&
+	echo no >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git push origin master~2:master &&
+	test_cmp expect rp-ran
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'detect ambiguous refs early' '
+	git branch foo &&
+	git tag foo &&
+	echo no >rp-ran &&
+	echo no >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git push origin foo &&
+	test_cmp expect rp-ran
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
index 6b2a5f4a65..3932e797f7 100755
--- a/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
+++ b/t/t5530-upload-pack-error.sh
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails due to error in pack-objects packing' '
 	printf "0032want %s\n00000009done\n0000" \
 		$(git rev-parse HEAD) >input &&
 	test_must_fail git upload-pack . <input >/dev/null 2>output.err &&
-	grep "unable to read" output.err &&
-	grep "pack-objects died" output.err
+	test_i18ngrep "unable to read" output.err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "pack-objects died" output.err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'corrupt repo differently' '
@@ -54,9 +54,6 @@ test_expect_success 'upload-pack fails due to error in rev-list' '
 	printf "0032want %s\n0034shallow %s00000009done\n0000" \
 		$(git rev-parse HEAD) $(git rev-parse HEAD^) >input &&
 	test_must_fail git upload-pack . <input >/dev/null 2>output.err &&
-	# pack-objects survived
-	grep "Total.*, reused" output.err &&
-	# but there was an error, which must have been in rev-list
 	grep "bad tree object" output.err
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
index 30bec4b5f9..6507487c1a 100755
--- a/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5531-deep-submodule-push.sh
@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	(
 		cd work &&
 		git init &&
+		git config push.default matching &&
 		mkdir -p gar/bage &&
 		(
 			cd gar/bage &&
 			git init &&
+			git config push.default matching &&
 			>junk &&
 			git add junk &&
 			git commit -m "Initial junk"
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push fails when commit on multiple branches if one branch h
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push succeeds if submodule has no remote and is on the first superproject commit' '
-	git init --bare a
+	git init --bare a &&
 	git clone a a1 &&
 	(
 		cd a1 &&
@@ -119,4 +121,98 @@ test_expect_success 'push succeeds if submodule has no remote and is on the firs
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'push unpushed submodules when not needed' '
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		(
+			cd gar/bage &&
+			git checkout master &&
+			>junk5 &&
+			git add junk5 &&
+			git commit -m "Fifth junk" &&
+			git push &&
+			git rev-parse origin/master >../../../expected
+		) &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Fifth commit for gar/bage" &&
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd submodule.git &&
+		git rev-parse master >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push unpushed submodules when not needed 2' '
+	(
+		cd submodule.git &&
+		git rev-parse master >../expected
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		(
+			cd gar/bage &&
+			>junk6 &&
+			git add junk6 &&
+			git commit -m "Sixth junk"
+		) &&
+		>junk2 &&
+		git add junk2 &&
+		git commit -m "Second junk for work" &&
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd submodule.git &&
+		git rev-parse master >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push unpushed submodules recursively' '
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		(
+			cd gar/bage &&
+			git checkout master &&
+			> junk7 &&
+			git add junk7 &&
+			git commit -m "Seventh junk" &&
+			git rev-parse master >../../../expected
+		) &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Seventh commit for gar/bage" &&
+		git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd submodule.git &&
+		git rev-parse master >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push unpushable submodule recursively fails' '
+	(
+		cd work &&
+		(
+			cd gar/bage &&
+			git rev-parse origin/master >../../../expected &&
+			git checkout master~0 &&
+			> junk8 &&
+			git add junk8 &&
+			git commit -m "Eighth junk"
+		) &&
+		git add gar/bage &&
+		git commit -m "Eighth commit for gar/bage" &&
+		test_must_fail git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand ../pub.git master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd submodule.git &&
+		git rev-parse master >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh b/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh
index 62f2460047..5531bd1af4 100755
--- a/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh
+++ b/t/t5532-fetch-proxy.sh
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup remote repo' '
 cat >proxy <<'EOF'
 #!/bin/sh
 echo >&2 "proxying for $*"
-cmd=`perl -e '
+cmd=`"$PERL_PATH" -e '
 	read(STDIN, $buf, 4);
 	my $n = hex($buf) - 4;
 	read(STDIN, $buf, $n);
diff --git a/t/t5533-push-cas.sh b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c402d8d3d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5533-push-cas.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='compare & swap push force/delete safety'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+setup_srcdst_basic () {
+	rm -fr src dst &&
+	git clone --no-local . src &&
+	git clone --no-local src dst &&
+	(
+		cd src && git checkout HEAD^0
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	# create template repository
+	test_commit A &&
+	test_commit B &&
+	test_commit C
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master:master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote . refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master:master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, tracking)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit E &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master origin master &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (protected, tracking, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git checkout HEAD^0
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit E &&
+		git ls-remote . refs/remotes/origin/master >expect &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed, tracking)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to update (allowed even though no-ff)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		test_commit D &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin :master
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (protected, forced)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git push --force --force-with-lease=master:master^ origin :master
+	) &&
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to delete (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git push --force-with-lease=master origin :master
+	) &&
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/master >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover everything with default force-with-lease (protected)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git branch naster master^
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/\* >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		test_must_fail git push --force-with-lease origin master master:naster
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/\* >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cover everything with default force-with-lease (allowed)' '
+	setup_srcdst_basic &&
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git branch naster master^
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git fetch &&
+		git push --force-with-lease origin master master:naster
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote dst refs/heads/master |
+	sed -e "s/master/naster/" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote src refs/heads/naster >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5534-push-signed.sh b/t/t5534-push-signed.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ecb8d446a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5534-push-signed.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='signed push'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
+
+prepare_dst () {
+	rm -fr dst &&
+	test_create_repo dst &&
+
+	git push dst master:noop master:ff master:noff
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	# master, ff and noff branches pointing at the same commit
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b noop &&
+	git checkout -b ff &&
+	git checkout -b noff &&
+
+	# noop stays the same, ff advances, noff rewrites
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty --amend -m rewritten &&
+	git checkout ff &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unsigned push does not send push certificate' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	write_script dst/.git/hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	# discard the update list
+	cat >/dev/null
+	# record the push certificate
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+	then
+		git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+	fi
+	EOF
+
+	git push dst noop ff +noff &&
+	! test -f dst/push-cert
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'talking with a receiver without push certificate support' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	write_script dst/.git/hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	# discard the update list
+	cat >/dev/null
+	# record the push certificate
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+	then
+		git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+	fi
+	EOF
+
+	git push dst noop ff +noff &&
+	! test -f dst/push-cert
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --signed fails with a receiver without push certificate support' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	test_must_fail git push --signed dst noop ff +noff 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "the receiving end does not support" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'no certificate for a signed push with no update' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	write_script dst/.git/hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+	then
+		git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+	fi
+	EOF
+	git push dst noop &&
+	! test -f dst/push-cert
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'signed push sends push certificate' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	git -C dst config receive.certnonceseed sekrit &&
+	write_script dst/.git/hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	# discard the update list
+	cat >/dev/null
+	# record the push certificate
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+	then
+		git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+	fi &&
+
+	cat >../push-cert-status <<E_O_F
+	SIGNER=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER-nobody}
+	KEY=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY-nokey}
+	STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS-nostatus}
+	NONCE_STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS-nononcestatus}
+	NONCE=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE-nononce}
+	E_O_F
+
+	EOF
+
+	git push --signed dst noop ff +noff &&
+
+	(
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		SIGNER=C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+		KEY=13B6F51ECDDE430D
+		STATUS=G
+		NONCE_STATUS=OK
+		EOF
+		sed -n -e "s/^nonce /NONCE=/p" -e "/^$/q" dst/push-cert
+	) >expect &&
+
+	grep "$(git rev-parse noop ff) refs/heads/ff" dst/push-cert &&
+	grep "$(git rev-parse noop noff) refs/heads/noff" dst/push-cert &&
+	test_cmp expect dst/push-cert-status
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'fail without key and heed user.signingkey' '
+	prepare_dst &&
+	mkdir -p dst/.git/hooks &&
+	git -C dst config receive.certnonceseed sekrit &&
+	write_script dst/.git/hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+	# discard the update list
+	cat >/dev/null
+	# record the push certificate
+	if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+	then
+		git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+	fi &&
+
+	cat >../push-cert-status <<E_O_F
+	SIGNER=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER-nobody}
+	KEY=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY-nokey}
+	STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS-nostatus}
+	NONCE_STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS-nononcestatus}
+	NONCE=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE-nononce}
+	E_O_F
+
+	EOF
+
+	unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	git config user.email hasnokey@nowhere.com &&
+	test_must_fail git push --signed dst noop ff +noff &&
+	git config user.signingkey committer@example.com &&
+	git push --signed dst noop ff +noff &&
+
+	(
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		SIGNER=C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+		KEY=13B6F51ECDDE430D
+		STATUS=G
+		NONCE_STATUS=OK
+		EOF
+		sed -n -e "s/^nonce /NONCE=/p" -e "/^$/q" dst/push-cert
+	) >expect &&
+
+	grep "$(git rev-parse noop ff) refs/heads/ff" dst/push-cert &&
+	grep "$(git rev-parse noop noff) refs/heads/noff" dst/push-cert &&
+	test_cmp expect dst/push-cert-status
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh b/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8ed58d27f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5535-fetch-push-symref.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='avoiding conflicting update thru symref aliasing'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	git clone . src &&
+	git clone src dst1 &&
+	git clone src dst2 &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	( cd src && git pull )
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push' '
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git push ../dst1 "refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*"
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src "refs/remotes/*" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote dst1 "refs/remotes/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	( cd src && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >expect &&
+	( cd dst1 && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch' '
+	(
+		cd dst2 &&
+		git fetch ../src "refs/remotes/*:refs/remotes/*"
+	) &&
+	git ls-remote src "refs/remotes/*" >expect &&
+	git ls-remote dst2 "refs/remotes/*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	( cd src && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >expect &&
+	( cd dst2 && git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5536-fetch-conflicts.sh b/t/t5536-fetch-conflicts.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6c5d3a4ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5536-fetch-conflicts.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='fetch handles conflicting refspecs correctly'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+D=$(pwd)
+
+setup_repository () {
+	git init "$1" && (
+		cd "$1" &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "$D" &&
+		shift &&
+		for refspec in "$@"
+		do
+			git config --add remote.origin.fetch "$refspec"
+		done
+	)
+}
+
+verify_stderr () {
+	cat >expected &&
+	# We're not interested in the error
+	# "fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly":
+	grep -E '^(fatal|warning):' <error | grep -v 'hung up' >actual | sort &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "Initial" &&
+	git branch branch1 &&
+	git tag tag1 &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "First" &&
+	git branch branch2 &&
+	git tag tag2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch with no conflict' '
+	setup_repository ok "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" && (
+		cd ok &&
+		git fetch origin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch conflict: config vs. config' '
+	setup_repository ccc \
+		"+refs/heads/branch1:refs/remotes/origin/branch1" \
+		"+refs/heads/branch2:refs/remotes/origin/branch1" && (
+		cd ccc &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch origin 2>error &&
+		verify_stderr <<-\EOF
+		fatal: Cannot fetch both refs/heads/branch1 and refs/heads/branch2 to refs/remotes/origin/branch1
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch duplicate: config vs. config' '
+	setup_repository dcc \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" \
+		"+refs/heads/branch1:refs/remotes/origin/branch1" && (
+		cd dcc &&
+		git fetch origin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch conflict: arg overrides config' '
+	setup_repository aoc \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" && (
+		cd aoc &&
+		git fetch origin refs/heads/branch2:refs/remotes/origin/branch1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch conflict: arg vs. arg' '
+	setup_repository caa && (
+		cd caa &&
+		test_must_fail git fetch origin \
+			refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* \
+			refs/heads/branch2:refs/remotes/origin/branch1 2>error &&
+		verify_stderr <<-\EOF
+		fatal: Cannot fetch both refs/heads/branch1 and refs/heads/branch2 to refs/remotes/origin/branch1
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch conflict: criss-cross args' '
+	setup_repository xaa \
+		"+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" && (
+		cd xaa &&
+		git fetch origin \
+			refs/heads/branch1:refs/remotes/origin/branch2 \
+			refs/heads/branch2:refs/remotes/origin/branch1 2>error &&
+		verify_stderr <<-\EOF
+		warning: refs/remotes/origin/branch1 usually tracks refs/heads/branch1, not refs/heads/branch2
+		warning: refs/remotes/origin/branch2 usually tracks refs/heads/branch2, not refs/heads/branch1
+		EOF
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh b/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a980574682
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5537-fetch-shallow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='fetch/clone from a shallow clone'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+commit() {
+	echo "$1" >tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	commit 1 &&
+	commit 2 &&
+	commit 3 &&
+	commit 4 &&
+	git config --global transfer.fsckObjects true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup shallow clone' '
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 .git shallow &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from shallow clone' '
+	git clone --no-local shallow shallow2 &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch from shallow clone' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	commit 5
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git fetch &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s origin/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+5
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --depth from shallow clone' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	commit 6
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git fetch --depth=2 &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s origin/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+6
+5
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --unshallow from shallow clone' '
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git fetch --unshallow &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s origin/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+6
+5
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch something upstream has but hidden by clients shallow boundaries' '
+	# the blob "1" is available in .git but hidden by the
+	# shallow2/.git/shallow and it should be resent
+	! git --git-dir=shallow2/.git cat-file blob `echo 1|git hash-object --stdin` >/dev/null &&
+	echo 1 >1.t &&
+	git add 1.t &&
+	git commit -m add-1-back &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git fetch ../.git +refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/top/master &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s top/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+add-1-back
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	) &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow2/.git cat-file blob `echo 1|git hash-object --stdin` >/dev/null
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch that requires changes in .git/shallow is filtered' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	git checkout --orphan no-shallow &&
+	commit no-shallow
+	) &&
+	git init notshallow &&
+	(
+	cd notshallow &&
+	git fetch ../shallow/.git refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/shallow/*&&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" >actual.refs &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect.refs &&
+refs/remotes/shallow/no-shallow
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect.refs actual.refs &&
+	git log --format=%s shallow/no-shallow >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+no-shallow
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch --update-shallow' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	commit 7 &&
+	git tag -m foo heavy-tag HEAD^ &&
+	git tag light-tag HEAD^:tracked
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd notshallow &&
+	git fetch --update-shallow ../shallow/.git refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/shallow/* &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git for-each-ref --sort=refname --format="%(refname)" >actual.refs &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect.refs &&
+refs/remotes/shallow/master
+refs/remotes/shallow/no-shallow
+refs/tags/heavy-tag
+refs/tags/light-tag
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect.refs actual.refs &&
+	git log --format=%s shallow/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'shallow fetch from a read-only repo' '
+	cp -R .git read-only.git &&
+	find read-only.git -print | xargs chmod -w &&
+	test_when_finished "find read-only.git -type d -print | xargs chmod +w" &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 read-only.git from-read-only &&
+	git --git-dir=from-read-only/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+add-1-back
+4
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5538-push-shallow.sh b/t/t5538-push-shallow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ceee95b8a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5538-push-shallow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='push from/to a shallow clone'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+commit() {
+	echo "$1" >tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git config --global transfer.fsckObjects true &&
+	commit 1 &&
+	commit 2 &&
+	commit 3 &&
+	commit 4 &&
+	git clone . full &&
+	(
+	git init full-abc &&
+	cd full-abc &&
+	commit a &&
+	commit b &&
+	commit c
+	) &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 .git shallow &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 full-abc/.git shallow2 &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow2/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+c
+b
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from shallow clone' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	commit 5 &&
+	git push ../.git +master:refs/remotes/shallow/master
+	) &&
+	git log --format=%s shallow/master >actual &&
+	git fsck &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from shallow clone, with grafted roots' '
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	test_must_fail git push ../.git +master:refs/remotes/shallow2/master 2>err &&
+	grep "shallow2/master.*shallow update not allowed" err
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse shallow2/master &&
+	git fsck
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add new shallow root with receive.updateshallow on' '
+	test_config receive.shallowupdate true &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git push ../.git +master:refs/remotes/shallow2/master
+	) &&
+	git log --format=%s shallow2/master >actual &&
+	git fsck &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+c
+b
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from shallow to shallow' '
+	(
+	cd shallow &&
+	git --git-dir=../shallow2/.git config receive.shallowupdate true &&
+	git push ../shallow2/.git +master:refs/remotes/shallow/master &&
+	git --git-dir=../shallow2/.git config receive.shallowupdate false
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git log --format=%s shallow/master >actual &&
+	git fsck &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+5
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from full to shallow' '
+	! git --git-dir=shallow2/.git cat-file blob `echo 1|git hash-object --stdin` &&
+	commit 1 &&
+	git push shallow2/.git +master:refs/remotes/top/master &&
+	(
+	cd shallow2 &&
+	git log --format=%s top/master >actual &&
+	git fsck &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+1
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git cat-file blob `echo 1|git hash-object --stdin` >/dev/null
+	)
+'
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5539-fetch-http-shallow.sh b/t/t5539-fetch-http-shallow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b46118846c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5539-fetch-http-shallow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='fetch/clone from a shallow clone over http'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
+	skip_all='skipping test, git built without http support'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+commit() {
+	echo "$1" >tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup shallow clone' '
+	commit 1 &&
+	commit 2 &&
+	commit 3 &&
+	commit 4 &&
+	commit 5 &&
+	commit 6 &&
+	commit 7 &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=5 .git shallow &&
+	git config --global transfer.fsckObjects true
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
+	git clone --bare --no-local shallow "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git clone &&
+	(
+	cd clone &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s origin/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+7
+6
+5
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+# This test is tricky. We need large enough "have"s that fetch-pack
+# will put pkt-flush in between. Then we need a "have" the server
+# does not have, it'll send "ACK %s ready"
+test_expect_success 'no shallow lines after receiving ACK ready' '
+	(
+		cd shallow &&
+		test_tick &&
+		for i in $(test_seq 15)
+		do
+			git checkout --orphan unrelated$i &&
+			test_commit unrelated$i &&
+			git push -q "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+				refs/heads/unrelated$i:refs/heads/unrelated$i &&
+			git push -q ../clone/.git \
+				refs/heads/unrelated$i:refs/heads/unrelated$i ||
+			exit 1
+		done &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit new &&
+		git push  "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd clone &&
+		git checkout --orphan newnew &&
+		test_commit new-too &&
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/trace" git fetch --depth=2 &&
+		grep "fetch-pack< ACK .* ready" ../trace &&
+		! grep "fetch-pack> done" ../trace
+	)
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5540-http-push.sh b/t/t5540-http-push-webdav.sh
index 1eea647656..88ff5a49e4 100755
--- a/t/t5540-http-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5540-http-push-webdav.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ then
 fi
 
 LIB_HTTPD_DAV=t
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5540'}
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
 ROOT_PATH="$PWD"
 start_httpd
@@ -46,15 +45,7 @@ test_expect_success 'create password-protected repository' '
 	       "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/test_repo.git"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup askpass helper' '
-	cat >askpass <<-\EOF &&
-	#!/bin/sh
-	echo user@host
-	EOF
-	chmod +x askpass &&
-	GIT_ASKPASS="$PWD/askpass" &&
-	export GIT_ASKPASS
-'
+setup_askpass_helper
 
 test_expect_success 'clone remote repository' '
 	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
@@ -117,7 +108,7 @@ test_expect_success 'http-push fetches packed objects' '
 	# By reset, we force git to retrieve the packed object
 	(cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone_packed &&
 	 git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	 git remote rm origin &&
+	 git remote remove origin &&
 	 git reflog expire --expire=0 --all &&
 	 git prune &&
 	 git push -f -v $HTTPD_URL/dumb/test_repo_packed.git master)
@@ -162,6 +153,7 @@ test_http_push_nonff "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git \
 
 test_expect_success 'push to password-protected repository (user in URL)' '
 	test_commit pw-user &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
 	git push "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" HEAD &&
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >expect &&
 	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" \
@@ -169,9 +161,15 @@ test_expect_success 'push to password-protected repository (user in URL)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_failure 'user was prompted only once for password' '
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
 test_expect_failure 'push to password-protected repository (no user in URL)' '
 	test_commit pw-nouser &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
 	git push "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" HEAD &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
 	git rev-parse --verify HEAD >expect &&
 	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/test_repo.git" \
 		rev-parse --verify HEAD >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t5541-http-push.sh b/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh
index cc6f081711..9cf27e8c99 100755
--- a/t/t5541-http-push.sh
+++ b/t/t5541-http-push-smart.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
 fi
 
 ROOT_PATH="$PWD"
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5541'}
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
 start_httpd
@@ -30,11 +30,14 @@ test_expect_success 'setup remote repository' '
 	git clone --bare test_repo test_repo.git &&
 	cd test_repo.git &&
 	git config http.receivepack true &&
+	git config core.logallrefupdates true &&
 	ORIG_HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	cd - &&
 	mv test_repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"
 '
 
+setup_askpass_helper
+
 cat >exp <<EOF
 GET  /smart/test_repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
 POST /smart/test_repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
@@ -63,7 +66,10 @@ test_expect_success 'no empty path components' '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone remote repository' '
 	rm -rf test_repo_clone &&
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git test_repo_clone
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git test_repo_clone &&
+	(
+		cd test_repo_clone && git config push.default matching
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push to remote repository (standard)' '
@@ -147,12 +153,12 @@ test_expect_success 'used receive-pack service' '
 '
 
 test_http_push_nonff "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git \
-	"$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone master
+	"$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone master 		success
 
 test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper' '
 	# create a dissimilarly-named remote ref so that git is unable to match the
 	# two refs (viz. local, remote) unless an explicit refspec is provided.
-	git push origin master:retsam
+	git push origin master:retsam &&
 
 	echo "change changed" > path2 &&
 	git commit -a -m path2 --amend &&
@@ -167,7 +173,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote he
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'push fails for non-fast-forward refs unmatched by remote helper: our output' '
-	test_i18ngrep "To prevent you from losing history, non-fast-forward updates were rejected" \
+	test_i18ngrep "Updates were rejected because" \
 		output
 '
 
@@ -175,8 +181,7 @@ test_expect_success 'push (chunked)' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_commit commit path3 &&
 	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	git config http.postbuffer 4 &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset http.postbuffer" &&
+	test_config http.postbuffer 4 &&
 	git push -v -v origin $BRANCH 2>err &&
 	grep "POST git-receive-pack (chunked)" err &&
 	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
@@ -215,12 +220,158 @@ test_expect_success 'push --mirror to repo with alternates' '
 	git push --mirror "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/alternates-mirror.git
 '
 
-test_expect_success TTY 'quiet push' '
+test_expect_success TTY 'push shows progress when stderr is a tty' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit noisy &&
+	test_terminal git push >output 2>&1 &&
+	grep "^Writing objects" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY 'push --quiet silences status and progress' '
 	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
 	test_commit quiet &&
-	test_terminal git push --quiet --no-progress 2>&1 | tee output &&
+	test_terminal git push --quiet >output 2>&1 &&
 	test_cmp /dev/null output
 '
 
+test_expect_success TTY 'push --no-progress silences progress but not status' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit no-progress &&
+	test_terminal git push --no-progress >output 2>&1 &&
+	grep "^To http" output &&
+	! grep "^Writing objects"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push --progress shows progress to non-tty' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit progress &&
+	git push --progress >output 2>&1 &&
+	grep "^To http" output &&
+	grep "^Writing objects" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http push gives sane defaults to reflog' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit reflog-test &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL"/smart/test_repo.git &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git" \
+		log -g -1 --format="%gn <%ge>" >actual &&
+	echo "anonymous <anonymous@http.127.0.0.1>" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http push respects GIT_COMMITTER_* in reflog' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH"/test_repo_clone &&
+	test_commit custom-reflog-test &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL"/smart_custom_env/test_repo.git &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git" \
+		log -g -1 --format="%gn <%ge>" >actual &&
+	echo "Custom User <custom@example.com>" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push over smart http with auth' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/test_repo_clone" &&
+	echo push-auth-test >expect &&
+	test_commit push-auth-test &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL"/auth/smart/test_repo.git &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to auth-only-for-push repo' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/test_repo_clone" &&
+	echo push-half-auth >expect &&
+	test_commit push-half-auth &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL"/auth-push/smart/test_repo.git &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/test_repo.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create repo without http.receivepack set' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	git init half-auth &&
+	(
+		cd half-auth &&
+		test_commit one
+	) &&
+	git clone --bare half-auth "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/half-auth.git"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone via half-auth-complete does not need password' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH" &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL"/half-auth-complete/smart/half-auth.git \
+		half-auth-clone &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push into half-auth-complete requires password' '
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/half-auth-clone" &&
+	echo two >expect &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_URL/half-auth-complete/smart/half-auth.git" &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/half-auth.git" \
+		log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success CMDLINE_LIMIT 'push 2000 tags over http' '
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test_seq 2000 |
+	  sort |
+	  sed "s|.*|$sha1 refs/tags/really-long-tag-name-&|" \
+	  >.git/packed-refs &&
+	run_with_limited_cmdline git push --mirror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push with post-receive to inspect certificate' '
+	(
+		cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/test_repo.git &&
+		mkdir -p hooks &&
+		write_script hooks/post-receive <<-\EOF &&
+		# discard the update list
+		cat >/dev/null
+		# record the push certificate
+		if test -n "${GIT_PUSH_CERT-}"
+		then
+			git cat-file blob $GIT_PUSH_CERT >../push-cert
+		fi &&
+		cat >../push-cert-status <<E_O_F
+		SIGNER=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_SIGNER-nobody}
+		KEY=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_KEY-nokey}
+		STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_STATUS-nostatus}
+		NONCE_STATUS=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE_STATUS-nononcestatus}
+		NONCE=${GIT_PUSH_CERT_NONCE-nononce}
+		E_O_F
+		EOF
+
+		git config receive.certnonceseed sekrit &&
+		git config receive.certnonceslop 30
+	) &&
+	cd "$ROOT_PATH/test_repo_clone" &&
+	test_commit cert-test &&
+	git push --signed "$HTTPD_URL/smart/test_repo.git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH" &&
+		cat <<-\EOF &&
+		SIGNER=C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+		KEY=13B6F51ECDDE430D
+		STATUS=G
+		NONCE_STATUS=OK
+		EOF
+		sed -n -e "s/^nonce /NONCE=/p" -e "/^$/q" push-cert
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/push-cert-status"
+'
+
 stop_httpd
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5542-push-http-shallow.sh b/t/t5542-push-http-shallow.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2a691e09eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5542-push-http-shallow.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='push from/to a shallow clone over http'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
+	say 'skipping test, git built without http support'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+commit() {
+	echo "$1" >tracked &&
+	git add tracked &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git config --global transfer.fsckObjects true &&
+	commit 1 &&
+	commit 2 &&
+	commit 3 &&
+	commit 4 &&
+	git clone . full &&
+	(
+	git init full-abc &&
+	cd full-abc &&
+	commit a &&
+	commit b &&
+	commit c
+	) &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 .git shallow &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git clone --no-local --depth=2 full-abc/.git shallow2 &&
+	git --git-dir=shallow2/.git log --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+c
+b
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push to shallow repo via http' '
+	git clone --bare --no-local shallow "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git config http.receivepack true
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd full &&
+	commit 9 &&
+	git push $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git +master:refs/remotes/top/master
+	) &&
+	(
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s top/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+9
+4
+3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push from shallow repo via http' '
+	mv "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" shallow-upstream.git &&
+	git clone --bare --no-local full "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git config http.receivepack true
+	) &&
+	commit 10 &&
+	git push $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git +master:refs/remotes/top/master &&
+	(
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git fsck &&
+	git log --format=%s top/master >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+10
+4
+3
+2
+1
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5543-atomic-push.sh b/t/t5543-atomic-push.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3480b33007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5543-atomic-push.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='pushing to a repository using the atomic push option'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+mk_repo_pair () {
+	rm -rf workbench upstream &&
+	test_create_repo upstream &&
+	test_create_repo workbench &&
+	(
+		cd upstream &&
+		git config receive.denyCurrentBranch warn
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		git remote add up ../upstream
+	)
+}
+
+# Compare the ref ($1) in upstream with a ref value from workbench ($2)
+# i.e. test_refs second HEAD@{2}
+test_refs () {
+	test $# = 2 &&
+	git -C upstream rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect &&
+	git -C workbench rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push works for a single branch' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git push --atomic up master
+	) &&
+	test_refs master master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push works for two branches' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git branch second &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		git push --atomic up master second
+	) &&
+	test_refs master master &&
+	test_refs second second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push works in combination with --mirror' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git checkout -b second &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git push --atomic --mirror up
+	) &&
+	test_refs master master &&
+	test_refs second second
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push works in combination with --force' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git branch second master &&
+		test_commit two_a &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		test_commit two_b &&
+		test_commit three_b &&
+		test_commit four &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		# The actual test is below
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit three_a &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		git push --force --atomic up master second
+	) &&
+	test_refs master master &&
+	test_refs second second
+'
+
+# set up two branches where master can be pushed but second can not
+# (non-fast-forward). Since second can not be pushed the whole operation
+# will fail and leave master untouched.
+test_expect_success 'atomic push fails if one branch fails' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git checkout -b second master &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		test_commit four &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
+		test_commit five &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit six &&
+		test_must_fail git push --atomic --all up
+	) &&
+	test_refs master HEAD@{7} &&
+	test_refs second HEAD@{4}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push fails if one tag fails remotely' '
+	# prepare the repo
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git checkout -b second master &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	# a third party modifies the server side:
+	(
+		cd upstream &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		git tag test_tag second
+	) &&
+	# see if we can now push both branches.
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		test_commit four &&
+		git tag test_tag &&
+		test_must_fail git push --tags --atomic up master second
+	) &&
+	test_refs master HEAD@{3} &&
+	test_refs second HEAD@{1}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push obeys update hook preventing a branch to be pushed' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git checkout -b second master &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		git push --mirror up
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd upstream &&
+		HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks" &&
+		HOOK="$HOOKDIR/update" &&
+		mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR" &&
+		write_script "$HOOK" <<-\EOF
+			# only allow update to master from now on
+			test "$1" = "refs/heads/master"
+		EOF
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		test_commit three &&
+		git checkout second &&
+		test_commit four &&
+		test_must_fail git push --atomic up master second
+	) &&
+	test_refs master HEAD@{3} &&
+	test_refs second HEAD@{1}
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'atomic push is not advertised if configured' '
+	mk_repo_pair &&
+	(
+		cd upstream
+		git config receive.advertiseatomic 0
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd workbench &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git push --mirror up &&
+		test_commit two &&
+		test_must_fail git push --atomic up master
+	) &&
+	test_refs master HEAD@{1}
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5550-http-fetch-dumb.sh b/t/t5550-http-fetch-dumb.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3d11b7a6bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5550-http-fetch-dumb.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test dumb fetching over http via static file'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
+	skip_all='skipping test, git built without http support'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
+	echo content1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	echo content2 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository with loose objects' '
+	cp -R .git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	 git config core.bare true &&
+	 mkdir -p hooks &&
+	 echo "exec git update-server-info" >hooks/post-update &&
+	 chmod +x hooks/post-update &&
+	 hooks/post-update
+	) &&
+	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git push public master:master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo.git clone-tmpl &&
+	cp -R clone-tmpl clone &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create password-protected repository' '
+	mkdir -p "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/" &&
+	cp -Rf "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+	       "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/dumb/repo.git"
+'
+
+setup_askpass_helper
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning password-protected repository can fail' '
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-fail &&
+	expect_askpass both wrong
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http auth can use user/pass in URL' '
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-none &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http auth can use just user in URL' '
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-pass &&
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http auth can request both user and pass' '
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-both &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http auth respects credential helper config' '
+	test_config_global credential.helper "!f() {
+		cat >/dev/null
+		echo username=user@host
+		echo password=pass@host
+	}; f" &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-helper &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http auth can get username from config' '
+	test_config_global "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username" user@host &&
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-user &&
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'configured username does not override URL' '
+	test_config_global "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username" wrong &&
+	set_askpass wrong pass@host &&
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/dumb/repo.git" clone-auth-user2 &&
+	expect_askpass pass user@host
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch changes via http' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git push public &&
+	(cd clone && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch changes via manual http-fetch' '
+	cp -R clone-tmpl clone2 &&
+
+	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	(cd clone2 &&
+	 git http-fetch -a -w heads/master-new $HEAD $(git config remote.origin.url) &&
+	 git checkout master-new &&
+	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)) &&
+	test_cmp file clone2/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http remote detects correct HEAD' '
+	git push public master:other &&
+	(cd clone &&
+	 git remote set-head origin -d &&
+	 git remote set-head origin -a &&
+	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD > output &&
+	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master > expect &&
+	 test_cmp expect output
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch packed objects' '
+	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
+	 git --bare repack -a -d
+	) &&
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_pack.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch notices corrupt pack' '
+	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad1.git &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad1.git &&
+	 p=`ls objects/pack/pack-*.pack` &&
+	 chmod u+w $p &&
+	 printf %0256d 0 | dd of=$p bs=256 count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc
+	) &&
+	mkdir repo_bad1.git &&
+	(cd repo_bad1.git &&
+	 git --bare init &&
+	 test_must_fail git --bare fetch $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_bad1.git &&
+	 test 0 = `ls objects/pack/pack-*.pack | wc -l`
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch notices corrupt idx' '
+	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad2.git &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad2.git &&
+	 p=`ls objects/pack/pack-*.idx` &&
+	 chmod u+w $p &&
+	 printf %0256d 0 | dd of=$p bs=256 count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc
+	) &&
+	mkdir repo_bad2.git &&
+	(cd repo_bad2.git &&
+	 git --bare init &&
+	 test_must_fail git --bare fetch $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_bad2.git &&
+	 test 0 = `ls objects/pack | wc -l`
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch can handle previously-fetched .idx files' '
+	git checkout --orphan branch1 &&
+	echo base >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	git --bare init "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_packed_branches.git &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_packed_branches.git branch1 &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_packed_branches.git repack -d &&
+	git checkout -b branch2 branch1 &&
+	echo b2 >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m b2 &&
+	git push "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_packed_branches.git branch2 &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_packed_branches.git repack -d &&
+	git --bare init clone_packed_branches.git &&
+	git --git-dir=clone_packed_branches.git fetch "$HTTPD_URL"/dumb/repo_packed_branches.git branch1:branch1 &&
+	git --git-dir=clone_packed_branches.git fetch "$HTTPD_URL"/dumb/repo_packed_branches.git branch2:branch2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'did not use upload-pack service' '
+	test_might_fail grep '/git-upload-pack' <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log >act &&
+	: >exp &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client shows text/plain errors' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/error/text" 2>stderr &&
+	grep "this is the error message" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client does not show html errors' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/error/html" 2>stderr &&
+	! grep "this is the error message" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client shows text/plain with a charset' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/error/charset" 2>stderr &&
+	grep "this is the error message" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'http error messages are reencoded' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/error/utf16" 2>stderr &&
+	grep "this is the error message" stderr
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reencoding is robust to whitespace oddities' '
+	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/error/odd-spacing" 2>stderr &&
+	grep "this is the error message" stderr
+'
+
+check_language () {
+	case "$2" in
+	'')
+		>expect
+		;;
+	?*)
+		echo "Accept-Language: $1" >expect
+		;;
+	esac &&
+	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 \
+	LANGUAGE=$2 \
+	git ls-remote "$HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo.git" >output 2>&1 &&
+	tr -d '\015' <output |
+	sort -u |
+	sed -ne '/^Accept-Language:/ p' >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'git client sends Accept-Language based on LANGUAGE' '
+	check_language "ko-KR, *;q=0.9" ko_KR.UTF-8'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client sends Accept-Language correctly with unordinary LANGUAGE' '
+	check_language "ko-KR, *;q=0.9" "ko_KR:" &&
+	check_language "ko-KR, en-US;q=0.9, *;q=0.8" "ko_KR::en_US" &&
+	check_language "ko-KR, *;q=0.9" ":::ko_KR" &&
+	check_language "ko-KR, en-US;q=0.9, *;q=0.8" "ko_KR!!:en_US" &&
+	check_language "ko-KR, ja-JP;q=0.9, *;q=0.8" "ko_KR en_US:ja_JP"'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client sends Accept-Language with many preferred languages' '
+	check_language "ko-KR, en-US;q=0.9, fr-CA;q=0.8, de;q=0.7, sr;q=0.6, \
+ja;q=0.5, zh;q=0.4, sv;q=0.3, pt;q=0.2, *;q=0.1" \
+		ko_KR.EUC-KR:en_US.UTF-8:fr_CA:de.UTF-8@euro:sr@latin:ja:zh:sv:pt &&
+	check_language "ko-KR, en-US;q=0.99, fr-CA;q=0.98, de;q=0.97, sr;q=0.96, \
+ja;q=0.95, zh;q=0.94, sv;q=0.93, pt;q=0.92, nb;q=0.91, *;q=0.90" \
+		ko_KR.EUC-KR:en_US.UTF-8:fr_CA:de.UTF-8@euro:sr@latin:ja:zh:sv:pt:nb
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git client does not send an empty Accept-Language' '
+	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 LANGUAGE= git ls-remote "$HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo.git" 2>stderr &&
+	! grep "^Accept-Language:" stderr
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index e5e6b8f643..0000000000
--- a/t/t5550-http-fetch.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='test dumb fetching over http via static file'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
-	skip_all='skipping test, git built without http support'
-	test_done
-fi
-
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5550'}
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
-start_httpd
-
-test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
-	echo content >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git commit -m one
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository' '
-	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	 git --bare init &&
-	 echo "exec git update-server-info" >hooks/post-update &&
-	 chmod +x hooks/post-update
-	) &&
-	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	git push public master:master
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo.git clone-tmpl &&
-	cp -R clone-tmpl clone &&
-	test_cmp file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create password-protected repository' '
-	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/" &&
-	cp -Rf "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
-	       "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/auth/repo.git"
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'setup askpass helpers' '
-	cat >askpass <<-EOF &&
-	#!/bin/sh
-	echo >>"$PWD/askpass-query" "askpass: \$*" &&
-	cat "$PWD/askpass-response"
-	EOF
-	chmod +x askpass &&
-	GIT_ASKPASS="$PWD/askpass" &&
-	export GIT_ASKPASS
-'
-
-expect_askpass() {
-	dest=$HTTPD_DEST
-	{
-		case "$1" in
-		none)
-			;;
-		pass)
-			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
-			;;
-		both)
-			echo "askpass: Username for 'http://$dest': "
-			echo "askpass: Password for 'http://$2@$dest': "
-			;;
-		*)
-			false
-			;;
-		esac
-	} >askpass-expect &&
-	test_cmp askpass-expect askpass-query
-}
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning password-protected repository can fail' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo wrong >askpass-response &&
-	test_must_fail git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-fail &&
-	expect_askpass both wrong
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http auth can use user/pass in URL' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo wrong >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER_PASS/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-none &&
-	expect_askpass none
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http auth can use just user in URL' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-pass &&
-	expect_askpass pass user@host
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http auth can request both user and pass' '
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-both &&
-	expect_askpass both user@host
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http auth respects credential helper config' '
-	test_config_global credential.helper "!f() {
-		cat >/dev/null
-		echo username=user@host
-		echo password=user@host
-	}; f" &&
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo wrong >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-helper &&
-	expect_askpass none
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http auth can get username from config' '
-	test_config_global "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username" user@host &&
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-user &&
-	expect_askpass pass user@host
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'configured username does not override URL' '
-	test_config_global "credential.$HTTPD_URL.username" wrong &&
-	>askpass-query &&
-	echo user@host >askpass-response &&
-	git clone "$HTTPD_URL_USER/auth/repo.git" clone-auth-user2 &&
-	expect_askpass pass user@host
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch changes via http' '
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m two &&
-	git push public &&
-	(cd clone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch changes via manual http-fetch' '
-	cp -R clone-tmpl clone2 &&
-
-	HEAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-	(cd clone2 &&
-	 git http-fetch -a -w heads/master-new $HEAD $(git config remote.origin.url) &&
-	 git checkout master-new &&
-	 test $HEAD = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)) &&
-	test_cmp file clone2/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'http remote detects correct HEAD' '
-	git push public master:other &&
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git remote set-head origin -d &&
-	 git remote set-head origin -a &&
-	 git symbolic-ref refs/remotes/origin/HEAD > output &&
-	 echo refs/remotes/origin/master > expect &&
-	 test_cmp expect output
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch packed objects' '
-	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git &&
-	 git --bare repack -a -d
-	) &&
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_pack.git
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch notices corrupt pack' '
-	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad1.git &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad1.git &&
-	 p=`ls objects/pack/pack-*.pack` &&
-	 chmod u+w $p &&
-	 printf %0256d 0 | dd of=$p bs=256 count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc
-	) &&
-	mkdir repo_bad1.git &&
-	(cd repo_bad1.git &&
-	 git --bare init &&
-	 test_must_fail git --bare fetch $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_bad1.git &&
-	 test 0 = `ls objects/pack/pack-*.pack | wc -l`
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch notices corrupt idx' '
-	cp -R "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_pack.git "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad2.git &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH"/repo_bad2.git &&
-	 p=`ls objects/pack/pack-*.idx` &&
-	 chmod u+w $p &&
-	 printf %0256d 0 | dd of=$p bs=256 count=1 seek=1 conv=notrunc
-	) &&
-	mkdir repo_bad2.git &&
-	(cd repo_bad2.git &&
-	 git --bare init &&
-	 test_must_fail git --bare fetch $HTTPD_URL/dumb/repo_bad2.git &&
-	 test 0 = `ls objects/pack | wc -l`
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'did not use upload-pack service' '
-	grep '/git-upload-pack' <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log >act
-	: >exp
-	test_cmp exp act
-'
-
-stop_httpd
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5551-http-fetch-smart.sh b/t/t5551-http-fetch-smart.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..66439e58fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5551-http-fetch-smart.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test smart fetching over http via http-backend'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
+	skip_all='skipping test, git built without http support'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
+start_httpd
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository' '
+	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	 git --bare init
+	) &&
+	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	git push public master:master
+'
+
+setup_askpass_helper
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+> GET /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
+> Accept: */*
+> Accept-Encoding: gzip
+> Pragma: no-cache
+< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+< Pragma: no-cache
+< Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
+< Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
+> POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
+> Accept-Encoding: gzip
+> Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
+> Accept: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
+> Content-Length: xxx
+< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+< Pragma: no-cache
+< Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
+< Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
+	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git clone --quiet $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git clone 2>err &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file &&
+	tr '\''\015'\'' Q <err |
+	sed -e "
+		s/Q\$//
+		/^[*] /d
+		/^$/d
+		/^< $/d
+
+		/^[^><]/{
+			s/^/> /
+		}
+
+		/^> User-Agent: /d
+		/^> Host: /d
+		/^> POST /,$ {
+			/^> Accept: [*]\\/[*]/d
+		}
+		s/^> Content-Length: .*/> Content-Length: xxx/
+		/^> 00..want /d
+		/^> 00.*done/d
+
+		/^< Server: /d
+		/^< Expires: /d
+		/^< Date: /d
+		/^< Content-Length: /d
+		/^< Transfer-Encoding: /d
+	" >act &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch changes via http' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git push public &&
+	(cd clone && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp file clone/file
+'
+
+cat >exp <<EOF
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'used upload-pack service' '
+	sed -e "
+		s/^.* \"//
+		s/\"//
+		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
+		s/^GET /GET  /
+	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
+	test_cmp exp act
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'follow redirects (301)' '
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-perm/repo.git --quiet repo-p
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'follow redirects (302)' '
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-temp/repo.git --quiet repo-t
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'redirects re-root further requests' '
+	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-limited/repo.git repo-redir-limited
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from password-protected repository' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/auth/smart/repo.git" smart-auth &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	git --git-dir=smart-auth log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from auth-only-for-push repository' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/auth-push/smart/repo.git" smart-noauth &&
+	expect_askpass none &&
+	git --git-dir=smart-noauth log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from auth-only-for-objects repository' '
+	echo two >expect &&
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/auth-fetch/smart/repo.git" half-auth &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host &&
+	git --git-dir=half-auth log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-op half-auth fetch does not require a password' '
+	set_askpass wrong &&
+	git --git-dir=half-auth fetch &&
+	expect_askpass none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'redirects send auth to new location' '
+	set_askpass user@host pass@host &&
+	git -c credential.useHttpPath=true \
+	  clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-auth/repo.git repo-redir-auth &&
+	expect_askpass both user@host auth/smart/repo.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'disable dumb http on server' '
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		config http.getanyfile false
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'GIT_SMART_HTTP can disable smart http' '
+	(GIT_SMART_HTTP=0 &&
+	 export GIT_SMART_HTTP &&
+	 cd clone &&
+	 test_must_fail git fetch)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid Content-Type rejected' '
+	test_must_fail git clone $HTTPD_URL/broken_smart/repo.git 2>actual &&
+	grep "not valid:" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create namespaced refs' '
+	test_commit namespaced &&
+	git push public HEAD:refs/namespaces/ns/refs/heads/master &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		symbolic-ref refs/namespaces/ns/HEAD refs/namespaces/ns/refs/heads/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'smart clone respects namespace' '
+	git clone "$HTTPD_URL/smart_namespace/repo.git" ns-smart &&
+	echo namespaced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=ns-smart/.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dumb clone via http-backend respects namespace' '
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		config http.getanyfile true &&
+	GIT_SMART_HTTP=0 git clone \
+		"$HTTPD_URL/smart_namespace/repo.git" ns-dumb &&
+	echo namespaced >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=ns-dumb/.git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >cookies.txt <<EOF
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/	FALSE	0	othername	othervalue
+EOF
+cat >expect_cookies.txt <<EOF
+
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/	FALSE	0	othername	othervalue
+127.0.0.1	FALSE	/smart_cookies/repo.git/info/	FALSE	0	name	value
+EOF
+test_expect_success 'cookies stored in http.cookiefile when http.savecookies set' '
+	git config http.cookiefile cookies.txt &&
+	git config http.savecookies true &&
+	git ls-remote $HTTPD_URL/smart_cookies/repo.git master &&
+	tail -3 cookies.txt >cookies_tail.txt &&
+	test_cmp expect_cookies.txt cookies_tail.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'transfer.hiderefs works over smart-http' '
+	test_commit hidden &&
+	test_commit visible &&
+	git push public HEAD^:refs/heads/a HEAD:refs/heads/b &&
+	git --git-dir="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" \
+		config transfer.hiderefs refs/heads/a &&
+	git clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git" hidden.git &&
+	test_must_fail git -C hidden.git rev-parse --verify a &&
+	git -C hidden.git rev-parse --verify b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create 2,000 tags in the repo' '
+	(
+	cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
+	for i in $(test_seq 2000)
+	do
+		echo "commit refs/heads/too-many-refs"
+		echo "mark :$i"
+		echo "committer git <git@example.com> $i +0000"
+		echo "data 0"
+		echo "M 644 inline bla.txt"
+		echo "data 4"
+		echo "bla"
+		# make every commit dangling by always
+		# rewinding the branch after each commit
+		echo "reset refs/heads/too-many-refs"
+		echo "from :1"
+	done | git fast-import --export-marks=marks &&
+
+	# now assign tags to all the dangling commits we created above
+	tag=$(perl -e "print \"bla\" x 30") &&
+	sed -e "s|^:\([^ ]*\) \(.*\)$|\2 refs/tags/$tag-\1|" <marks >>packed-refs
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success CMDLINE_LIMIT \
+	'clone the 2,000 tag repo to check OS command line overflow' '
+	run_with_limited_cmdline git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git too-many-refs &&
+	(
+		cd too-many-refs &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/tags >actual &&
+		test_line_count = 2000 actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'large fetch-pack requests can be split across POSTs' '
+	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git -c http.postbuffer=65536 \
+		clone --bare "$HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git" split.git 2>err &&
+	grep "^> POST" err >posts &&
+	test_line_count = 2 posts
+'
+
+stop_httpd
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh b/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 26d355725f..0000000000
--- a/t/t5551-http-fetch.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-test_description='test smart fetching over http via http-backend'
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
-	skip_all='skipping test, git built without http support'
-	test_done
-fi
-
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5551'}
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
-start_httpd
-
-test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
-	echo content >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	git commit -m one
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create http-accessible bare repository' '
-	mkdir "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	(cd "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	 git --bare init
-	) &&
-	git remote add public "$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git" &&
-	git push public master:master
-'
-
-cat >exp <<EOF
-> GET /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
-> Accept: */*
-> Pragma: no-cache
-< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
-< Pragma: no-cache
-< Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
-< Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
-> POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1
-> Accept-Encoding: deflate, gzip
-> Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
-> Accept: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
-> Content-Length: xxx
-< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
-< Pragma: no-cache
-< Cache-Control: no-cache, max-age=0, must-revalidate
-< Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'clone http repository' '
-	GIT_CURL_VERBOSE=1 git clone --quiet $HTTPD_URL/smart/repo.git clone 2>err &&
-	test_cmp file clone/file &&
-	tr '\''\015'\'' Q <err |
-	sed -e "
-		s/Q\$//
-		/^[*] /d
-		/^$/d
-		/^< $/d
-
-		/^[^><]/{
-			s/^/> /
-		}
-
-		/^> User-Agent: /d
-		/^> Host: /d
-		/^> POST /,$ {
-			/^> Accept: [*]\\/[*]/d
-		}
-		s/^> Content-Length: .*/> Content-Length: xxx/
-		/^> 00..want /d
-		/^> 00.*done/d
-
-		/^< Server: /d
-		/^< Expires: /d
-		/^< Date: /d
-		/^< Content-Length: /d
-		/^< Transfer-Encoding: /d
-	" >act &&
-	test_cmp exp act
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch changes via http' '
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m two &&
-	git push public
-	(cd clone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp file clone/file
-'
-
-cat >exp <<EOF
-GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-GET  /smart/repo.git/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-POST /smart/repo.git/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.1 200
-EOF
-test_expect_success 'used upload-pack service' '
-	sed -e "
-		s/^.* \"//
-		s/\"//
-		s/ [1-9][0-9]*\$//
-		s/^GET /GET  /
-	" >act <"$HTTPD_ROOT_PATH"/access.log &&
-	test_cmp exp act
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'follow redirects (301)' '
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-perm/repo.git --quiet repo-p
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'follow redirects (302)' '
-	git clone $HTTPD_URL/smart-redir-temp/repo.git --quiet repo-t
-'
-
-stop_httpd
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
index ef98d95e00..aa73eeaef8 100755
--- a/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
+++ b/t/t5560-http-backend-noserver.sh
@@ -5,12 +5,16 @@ test_description='test git-http-backend-noserver'
 
 HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 
-test_have_prereq MINGW && export GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+if test_have_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
+then
+	GREP_OPTIONS=-U
+	export GREP_OPTIONS
+fi
 
 run_backend() {
 	echo "$2" |
-	QUERY_STRING="${1#*\?}" \
-	PATH_TRANSLATED="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/${1%%\?*}" \
+	QUERY_STRING="${1#*[?]}" \
+	PATH_TRANSLATED="$HTTPD_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/${1%%[?]*}" \
 	git http-backend >act.out 2>act.err
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t5561-http-backend.sh b/t/t5561-http-backend.sh
index b5d7fbc381..d23fb02384 100755
--- a/t/t5561-http-backend.sh
+++ b/t/t5561-http-backend.sh
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ if test -n "$NO_CURL"; then
 	test_done
 fi
 
-LIB_HTTPD_PORT=${LIB_HTTPD_PORT-'5561'}
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-httpd.sh
 start_httpd
 
diff --git a/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh b/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
index 7cbc9994a3..b7e283252d 100755
--- a/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
+++ b/t/t5570-git-daemon.sh
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 test_description='test fetching over git protocol'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT=${LIB_GIT_DAEMON_PORT-5570}
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-git-daemon.sh
 start_git_daemon
 
 test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git config push.default matching &&
 	echo content >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m one
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch changes via git protocol' '
 	test_cmp file clone/file
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'remote detects correct HEAD' '
+test_expect_success 'remote detects correct HEAD' '
 	git push public master:other &&
 	(cd clone &&
 	 git remote set-head -d origin &&
@@ -103,14 +103,12 @@ test_remote_error()
 		esac
 	done
 
-	if test $# -ne 3
-	then
-		error "invalid number of arguments"
-	fi
-
+	msg=$1
+	shift
 	cmd=$1
-	repo=$2
-	msg=$3
+	shift
+	repo=$1
+	shift || error "invalid number of arguments"
 
 	if test -x "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/$repo"
 	then
@@ -122,27 +120,53 @@ test_remote_error()
 		fi
 	fi
 
-	test_must_fail git "$cmd" "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/$repo" 2>output &&
-	echo "fatal: remote error: $msg: /$repo" >expect &&
-	test_cmp expect output
+	test_must_fail git "$cmd" "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/$repo" "$@" 2>output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "fatal: remote error: $msg: /$repo" output &&
 	ret=$?
 	chmod +x "$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/repo.git"
 	(exit $ret)
 }
 
 msg="access denied or repository not exported"
-test_expect_success 'clone non-existent' "test_remote_error    clone nowhere.git '$msg'"
-test_expect_success 'push disabled'      "test_remote_error    push  repo.git    '$msg'"
-test_expect_success 'read access denied' "test_remote_error -x fetch repo.git    '$msg'"
-test_expect_success 'not exported'       "test_remote_error -n fetch repo.git    '$msg'"
+test_expect_success 'clone non-existent' "test_remote_error    '$msg' clone nowhere.git    "
+test_expect_success 'push disabled'      "test_remote_error    '$msg' push  repo.git master"
+test_expect_success 'read access denied' "test_remote_error -x '$msg' fetch repo.git       "
+test_expect_success 'not exported'       "test_remote_error -n '$msg' fetch repo.git       "
 
 stop_git_daemon
 start_git_daemon --informative-errors
 
-test_expect_success 'clone non-existent' "test_remote_error    clone nowhere.git 'no such repository'"
-test_expect_success 'push disabled'      "test_remote_error    push  repo.git    'service not enabled'"
-test_expect_success 'read access denied' "test_remote_error -x fetch repo.git    'no such repository'"
-test_expect_success 'not exported'       "test_remote_error -n fetch repo.git    'repository not exported'"
+test_expect_success 'clone non-existent' "test_remote_error    'no such repository'      clone nowhere.git    "
+test_expect_success 'push disabled'      "test_remote_error    'service not enabled'     push  repo.git master"
+test_expect_success 'read access denied' "test_remote_error -x 'no such repository'      fetch repo.git       "
+test_expect_success 'not exported'       "test_remote_error -n 'repository not exported' fetch repo.git       "
+
+stop_git_daemon
+start_git_daemon --interpolated-path="$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/%H%D"
+
+test_expect_success 'access repo via interpolated hostname' '
+	repo="$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/localhost/interp.git" &&
+	git init --bare "$repo" &&
+	git push "$repo" HEAD &&
+	>"$repo"/git-daemon-export-ok &&
+	rm -rf tmp.git &&
+	GIT_OVERRIDE_VIRTUAL_HOST=localhost \
+		git clone --bare "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/interp.git" tmp.git &&
+	rm -rf tmp.git &&
+	GIT_OVERRIDE_VIRTUAL_HOST=LOCALHOST \
+		git clone --bare "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/interp.git" tmp.git
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'hostname cannot break out of directory' '
+	rm -rf tmp.git &&
+	repo="$GIT_DAEMON_DOCUMENT_ROOT_PATH/../escape.git" &&
+	git init --bare "$repo" &&
+	git push "$repo" HEAD &&
+	>"$repo"/git-daemon-export-ok &&
+	test_must_fail \
+		env GIT_OVERRIDE_VIRTUAL_HOST=.. \
+		git clone --bare "$GIT_DAEMON_URL/escape.git" tmp.git
+'
 
 stop_git_daemon
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh b/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6f9916a390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5571-pre-push-hook.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='check pre-push hooks'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# Setup hook that always succeeds
+HOOKDIR="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/hooks"
+HOOK="$HOOKDIR/pre-push"
+mkdir -p "$HOOKDIR"
+write_script "$HOOK" <<EOF
+cat >/dev/null
+exit 0
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	git config push.default upstream &&
+	git init --bare repo1 &&
+	git remote add parent1 repo1 &&
+	test_commit one &&
+	git push parent1 HEAD:foreign
+'
+write_script "$HOOK" <<EOF
+cat >/dev/null
+exit 1
+EOF
+
+COMMIT1="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT1
+
+test_expect_success 'push with failing hook' '
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_must_fail git push parent1 HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--no-verify bypasses hook' '
+	git push --no-verify parent1 HEAD
+'
+
+COMMIT2="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT2
+
+write_script "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
+echo "$1" >actual
+echo "$2" >>actual
+cat >>actual
+EOF
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/heads/master $COMMIT2 refs/heads/foreign $COMMIT1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push with hook' '
+	git push parent1 master:foreign &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add a branch' '
+	git checkout -b other parent1/foreign &&
+	test_commit three
+'
+
+COMMIT3="$(git rev-parse HEAD)"
+export COMMIT3
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/heads/other $COMMIT3 refs/heads/foreign $COMMIT2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push to default' '
+	git push &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+refs/tags/one $COMMIT1 refs/tags/tag1 $_z40
+HEAD~ $COMMIT2 refs/heads/prev $_z40
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push non-branches' '
+	git push parent1 one:tag1 HEAD~:refs/heads/prev &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+parent1
+repo1
+(delete) $_z40 refs/heads/prev $COMMIT2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push delete' '
+	git push parent1 :prev &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+repo1
+repo1
+HEAD $COMMIT3 refs/heads/other $_z40
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'push to URL' '
+	git push repo1 HEAD &&
+	diff expected actual
+'
+
+# Test that filling pipe buffers doesn't cause failure
+# Too slow to leave enabled for general use
+if false
+then
+	printf 'parent1\nrepo1\n' >expected
+	nr=1000
+	while test $nr -lt 2000
+	do
+		nr=$(( $nr + 1 ))
+		git branch b/$nr $COMMIT3
+		echo "refs/heads/b/$nr $COMMIT3 refs/heads/b/$nr $_z40" >>expected
+	done
+
+	test_expect_success 'push many refs' '
+		git push parent1 "refs/heads/b/*:refs/heads/b/*" &&
+		diff expected actual
+	'
+fi
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5572-pull-submodule.sh b/t/t5572-pull-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..accfa5cc0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5572-pull-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='pull can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+reset_branch_to_HEAD () {
+	git branch -D "$1" &&
+	git checkout -b "$1" HEAD &&
+	git branch --set-upstream-to="origin/$1" "$1"
+}
+
+git_pull () {
+	reset_branch_to_HEAD "$1" &&
+	git pull
+}
+
+# pulls without conflicts
+test_submodule_switch "git_pull"
+
+git_pull_ff () {
+	reset_branch_to_HEAD "$1" &&
+	git pull --ff
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "git_pull_ff"
+
+git_pull_ff_only () {
+	reset_branch_to_HEAD "$1" &&
+	git pull --ff-only
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "git_pull_ff_only"
+
+git_pull_noff () {
+	reset_branch_to_HEAD "$1" &&
+	git pull --no-ff
+}
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_ATTEMPTS_TO_MERGE_REMOVED_SUBMODULE_FILES=1
+test_submodule_switch "git_pull_noff"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
index ee06d28649..4435693bb2 100755
--- a/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
+++ b/t/t5600-clone-fail-cleanup.sh
@@ -37,6 +37,16 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'successful clone must leave the directory' \
-    'cd bar'
+    'test -d bar'
+
+test_expect_success 'failed clone --separate-git-dir should not leave any directories' '
+	mkdir foo/.git/objects.bak/ &&
+	mv foo/.git/objects/* foo/.git/objects.bak/ &&
+	test_must_fail git clone --separate-git-dir gitdir foo worktree &&
+	test_must_fail test -e gitdir &&
+	test_must_fail test -e worktree &&
+	mv foo/.git/objects.bak/* foo/.git/objects/ &&
+	rmdir foo/.git/objects.bak
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5601-clone.sh b/t/t5601-clone.sh
index 67869b4813..02b40b117f 100755
--- a/t/t5601-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t5601-clone.sh
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone with excess parameters (2)' '
 
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'output from clone' '
 	rm -fr dst &&
-	git clone -n "file://$(pwd)/src" dst >output &&
+	git clone -n "file://$(pwd)/src" dst >output 2>&1 &&
 	test $(grep Clon output | wc -l) = 1
 '
 
@@ -280,4 +280,184 @@ test_expect_success 'clone checking out a tag' '
 	test_cmp fetch.expected fetch.actual
 '
 
+setup_ssh_wrapper () {
+	test_expect_success 'setup ssh wrapper' '
+		write_script "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-wrapper" <<-\EOF &&
+		echo >>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-output" "ssh: $*" &&
+		# throw away all but the last argument, which should be the
+		# command
+		while test $# -gt 1; do shift; done
+		eval "$1"
+		EOF
+		GIT_SSH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-wrapper" &&
+		export GIT_SSH &&
+		export TRASH_DIRECTORY &&
+		>"$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/ssh-output
+	'
+}
+
+expect_ssh () {
+	test_when_finished '
+		(cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" && rm -f ssh-expect && >ssh-output)
+	' &&
+	{
+		case "$#" in
+		1)
+			;;
+		2)
+			echo "ssh: $1 git-upload-pack '$2'"
+			;;
+		3)
+			echo "ssh: $1 $2 git-upload-pack '$3'"
+			;;
+		*)
+			echo "ssh: $1 $2 git-upload-pack '$3' $4"
+		esac
+	} >"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ssh-expect" &&
+	(cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" && test_cmp ssh-expect ssh-output)
+}
+
+setup_ssh_wrapper
+
+test_expect_success 'clone myhost:src uses ssh' '
+	git clone myhost:src ssh-clone &&
+	expect_ssh myhost src
+'
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW,!CYGWIN 'clone local path foo:bar' '
+	cp -R src "foo:bar" &&
+	git clone "foo:bar" foobar &&
+	expect_ssh none
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracketed hostnames are still ssh' '
+	git clone "[myhost:123]:src" ssh-bracket-clone &&
+	expect_ssh myhost '-p 123' src
+'
+
+counter=0
+# $1 url
+# $2 none|host
+# $3 path
+test_clone_url () {
+	counter=$(($counter + 1))
+	test_might_fail git clone "$1" tmp$counter &&
+	shift &&
+	expect_ssh "$@"
+}
+
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'clone c:temp is ssl' '
+	test_clone_url c:temp c temp
+'
+
+test_expect_success MINGW 'clone c:temp is dos drive' '
+	test_clone_url c:temp none
+'
+
+#ip v4
+for repo in rep rep/home/project 123
+do
+	test_expect_success "clone host:$repo" '
+		test_clone_url host:$repo host $repo
+	'
+done
+
+#ipv6
+for repo in rep rep/home/project 123
+do
+	test_expect_success "clone [::1]:$repo" '
+		test_clone_url [::1]:$repo ::1 "$repo"
+	'
+done
+#home directory
+test_expect_success "clone host:/~repo" '
+	test_clone_url host:/~repo host "~repo"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "clone [::1]:/~repo" '
+	test_clone_url [::1]:/~repo ::1 "~repo"
+'
+
+# Corner cases
+for url in foo/bar:baz [foo]bar/baz:qux [foo/bar]:baz
+do
+	test_expect_success "clone $url is not ssh" '
+		test_clone_url $url none
+	'
+done
+
+#with ssh:// scheme
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://host.xz/home/user/repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz/home/user/repo" host.xz "/home/user/repo"
+'
+
+# from home directory
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://host.xz/~repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz/~repo" host.xz "~repo"
+'
+
+# with port number
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://host.xz:22/home/user/repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz:22/home/user/repo" "-p 22 host.xz" "/home/user/repo"
+'
+
+# from home directory with port number
+test_expect_success 'clone ssh://host.xz:22/~repo' '
+	test_clone_url "ssh://host.xz:22/~repo" "-p 22 host.xz" "~repo"
+'
+
+#IPv6
+for tuah in ::1 [::1] user@::1 user@[::1] [user@::1]
+do
+	ehost=$(echo $tuah | tr -d "[]")
+	test_expect_success "clone ssh://$tuah/home/user/repo" "
+	  test_clone_url ssh://$tuah/home/user/repo $ehost /home/user/repo
+	"
+done
+
+#IPv6 from home directory
+for tuah in ::1 [::1] user@::1 user@[::1] [user@::1]
+do
+	euah=$(echo $tuah | tr -d "[]")
+	test_expect_success "clone ssh://$tuah/~repo" "
+	  test_clone_url ssh://$tuah/~repo $euah '~repo'
+	"
+done
+
+#IPv6 with port number
+for tuah in [::1] user@[::1] [user@::1]
+do
+	euah=$(echo $tuah | tr -d "[]")
+	test_expect_success "clone ssh://$tuah:22/home/user/repo" "
+	  test_clone_url ssh://$tuah:22/home/user/repo '-p 22' $euah /home/user/repo
+	"
+done
+
+#IPv6 from home directory with port number
+for tuah in [::1] user@[::1] [user@::1]
+do
+	euah=$(echo $tuah | tr -d "[]")
+	test_expect_success "clone ssh://$tuah:22/~repo" "
+	  test_clone_url ssh://$tuah:22/~repo '-p 22' $euah '~repo'
+	"
+done
+
+test_expect_success 'clone from a repository with two identical branches' '
+
+	(
+		cd src &&
+		git checkout -b another master
+	) &&
+	git clone src target-11 &&
+	test "z$( cd target-11 && git symbolic-ref HEAD )" = zrefs/heads/another
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'shallow clone locally' '
+	git clone --depth=1 --no-local src ssrrcc &&
+	git clone ssrrcc ddsstt &&
+	test_cmp ssrrcc/.git/shallow ddsstt/.git/shallow &&
+	( cd ddsstt && git fsck )
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh b/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
index 3f353d99e8..cbcceab9d5 100755
--- a/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
+++ b/t/t5602-clone-remote-exec.sh
@@ -12,21 +12,14 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone calls git upload-pack unqualified with no -u option' '
-	(
-		GIT_SSH=./not_ssh &&
-		export GIT_SSH &&
-		test_must_fail git clone localhost:/path/to/repo junk
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_SSH=./not_ssh git clone localhost:/path/to/repo junk &&
 	echo "localhost git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected not_ssh_output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone calls specified git upload-pack with -u option' '
-	(
-		GIT_SSH=./not_ssh &&
-		export GIT_SSH &&
-		test_must_fail git clone -u ./something/bin/git-upload-pack localhost:/path/to/repo junk
-	) &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_SSH=./not_ssh \
+		git clone -u ./something/bin/git-upload-pack localhost:/path/to/repo junk &&
 	echo "localhost ./something/bin/git-upload-pack '\''/path/to/repo'\''" >expected &&
 	test_cmp expected not_ssh_output
 '
diff --git a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
index bbc4691bd7..3e783fc450 100755
--- a/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
+++ b/t/t5700-clone-reference.sh
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (-l -s)' \
 cd "$base_dir"
 
 test_expect_success 'existence of info/alternates' \
-'test `wc -l <C/.git/objects/info/alternates` = 2'
+'test_line_count = 2 C/.git/objects/info/alternates'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
@@ -54,16 +54,19 @@ cd "$base_dir"
 
 rm -f "$U.D"
 
-test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' \
-'GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D 3>"$U.D"'
+test_expect_success 'cloning with reference (no -l -s)' '
+	GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$U.D git clone --reference B "file://$(pwd)/A" D
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' \
-'! grep "^want" "$U.D"'
+test_expect_success 'fetched no objects' '
+	test -s "$U.D" &&
+	! grep " want" "$U.D"
+'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
 test_expect_success 'existence of info/alternates' \
-'test `wc -l <D/.git/objects/info/alternates` = 1'
+'test_line_count = 1 D/.git/objects/info/alternates'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
@@ -173,12 +176,43 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch with incomplete alternates' '
 	(
 		cd K &&
 		git remote add J "file://$base_dir/J" &&
-		GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK=3 git fetch J 3>"$U.K"
+		GIT_TRACE_PACKET=$U.K git fetch J
 	) &&
 	master_object=$(cd A && git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/heads/master) &&
-	! grep "^want $master_object" "$U.K" &&
+	test -s "$U.K" &&
+	! grep " want $master_object" "$U.K" &&
 	tag_object=$(cd A && git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname)" refs/tags/HEAD) &&
-	! grep "^want $tag_object" "$U.K"
+	! grep " want $tag_object" "$U.K"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using repo with gitfile as a reference' '
+	git clone --separate-git-dir=L A M &&
+	git clone --reference=M A N &&
+	echo "$base_dir/L/objects" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$base_dir/N/.git/objects/info/alternates"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone using repo pointed at by gitfile as reference' '
+	git clone --reference=M/.git A O &&
+	echo "$base_dir/L/objects" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected "$base_dir/O/.git/objects/info/alternates"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone and dissociate from reference' '
+	git init P &&
+	(
+		cd P &&	test_commit one
+	) &&
+	git clone P Q &&
+	(
+		cd Q && test_commit two
+	) &&
+	git clone --no-local --reference=P Q R &&
+	git clone --no-local --reference=P --dissociate Q S &&
+	# removing the reference P would corrupt R but not S
+	rm -fr P &&
+	test_must_fail git -C R fsck &&
+	git -C S fsck
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh b/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
index 6972258b27..3c087e907c 100755
--- a/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
+++ b/t/t5701-clone-local.sh
@@ -3,14 +3,17 @@
 test_description='test local clone'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-D=`pwd`
+repo_is_hardlinked() {
+	find "$1/objects" -type f -links 1 >output &&
+	test_line_count = 0 output
+}
 
 test_expect_success 'preparing origin repository' '
 	: >file && git add . && git commit -m1 &&
 	git clone --bare . a.git &&
 	git clone --bare . x &&
-	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=a.git/config git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
-	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=x/config git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
+	test "$(cd a.git && git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
+	test "$(cd x && git config --bool core.bare)" = true &&
 	git bundle create b1.bundle --all &&
 	git bundle create b2.bundle master &&
 	mkdir dir &&
@@ -19,105 +22,72 @@ test_expect_success 'preparing origin repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local clone without .git suffix' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone -l -s a b &&
-	cd b &&
-	test "$(GIT_CONFIG=.git/config git config --bool core.bare)" = false &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd b &&
+	test "$(git config --bool core.bare)" = false &&
+	git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local clone with .git suffix' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone -l -s a.git c &&
-	cd c &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd c && git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local clone from x' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone -l -s x y &&
-	cd y &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd y && git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local clone from x.git that does not exist' '
-	cd "$D" &&
-	if git clone -l -s x.git z
-	then
-		echo "Oops, should have failed"
-		false
-	else
-		echo happy
-	fi
+	test_must_fail git clone -l -s x.git z
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'With -no-hardlinks, local will make a copy' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone --bare --no-hardlinks x w &&
-	cd w &&
-	linked=$(find objects -type f ! -links 1 | wc -l) &&
-	test 0 = $linked
+	! repo_is_hardlinked w
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Even without -l, local will make a hardlink' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	rm -fr w &&
 	git clone -l --bare x w &&
-	cd w &&
-	copied=$(find objects -type f -links 1 | wc -l) &&
-	test 0 = $copied
+	repo_is_hardlinked w
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'local clone of repo with nonexistent ref in HEAD' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	echo "ref: refs/heads/nonexistent" > a.git/HEAD &&
 	git clone a d &&
-	cd d &&
+	(cd d &&
 	git fetch &&
-	test ! -e .git/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD'
+	test ! -e .git/refs/remotes/origin/HEAD)
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle clone without .bundle suffix' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone dir/b3 &&
-	cd b3 &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd b3 && git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle clone with .bundle suffix' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone b1.bundle &&
-	cd b1 &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd b1 && git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle clone from b4' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone b4 bdl &&
-	cd bdl &&
-	git fetch
+	(cd bdl && git fetch)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle clone from b4.bundle that does not exist' '
-	cd "$D" &&
-	if git clone b4.bundle bb
-	then
-		echo "Oops, should have failed"
-		false
-	else
-		echo happy
-	fi
+	test_must_fail git clone b4.bundle bb
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bundle clone with nonexistent HEAD' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	git clone b2.bundle b2 &&
-	cd b2 &&
+	(cd b2 &&
 	git fetch &&
-	test ! -e .git/refs/heads/master
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone empty repository' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	mkdir empty &&
 	(cd empty &&
 	 git init &&
@@ -135,7 +105,6 @@ test_expect_success 'clone empty repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone empty repository, and then push should not segfault.' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	rm -fr empty/ empty-clone/ &&
 	mkdir empty &&
 	(cd empty && git init) &&
@@ -145,16 +114,28 @@ test_expect_success 'clone empty repository, and then push should not segfault.'
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cloning non-existent directory fails' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	rm -rf does-not-exist &&
 	test_must_fail git clone does-not-exist
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'cloning non-git directory fails' '
-	cd "$D" &&
 	rm -rf not-a-git-repo not-a-git-repo-clone &&
 	mkdir not-a-git-repo &&
 	test_must_fail git clone not-a-git-repo not-a-git-repo-clone
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cloning file:// does not hardlink' '
+	git clone --bare file://"$(pwd)"/a non-local &&
+	! repo_is_hardlinked non-local
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning a local path with --no-local does not hardlink' '
+	git clone --bare --no-local a force-nonlocal &&
+	! repo_is_hardlinked force-nonlocal
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning locally respects "-u" for fetching refs' '
+	test_must_fail git clone --bare -u false a should_not_work.git
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5702-clone-options.sh b/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
index 02cb024723..9e24ec88e6 100755
--- a/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
+++ b/t/t5702-clone-options.sh
@@ -19,17 +19,19 @@ test_expect_success 'clone -o' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'redirected clone' '
+test_expect_success 'redirected clone does not show progress' '
 
 	git clone "file://$(pwd)/parent" clone-redirected >out 2>err &&
-	test ! -s err
+	! grep % err &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Checking connectivity" err
 
 '
-test_expect_success 'redirected clone -v' '
+
+test_expect_success 'redirected clone -v does show progress' '
 
 	git clone --progress "file://$(pwd)/parent" clone-redirected-progress \
 		>out 2>err &&
-	test -s err
+	grep % err
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5704-bundle.sh b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
index a51c8b0560..348d9b3bc7 100755
--- a/t/t5704-bundle.sh
+++ b/t/t5704-bundle.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	git tag -d third
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'tags can be excluded by rev-list options' '
+test_expect_success 'annotated tags can be excluded by rev-list options' '
+	git bundle create bundle --all --since=7.Apr.2005.15:14:00.-0700 &&
+	git ls-remote bundle > output &&
+	grep tag output &&
 	git bundle create bundle --all --since=7.Apr.2005.15:16:00.-0700 &&
 	git ls-remote bundle > output &&
 	! grep tag output
@@ -54,8 +57,18 @@ test_expect_success 'ridiculously long subject in boundary' '
 	git bundle list-heads long-subject-bundle.bdl >heads &&
 	test -s heads &&
 	git fetch long-subject-bundle.bdl &&
-	sed -n "/^-/{p;q}" long-subject-bundle.bdl >boundary &&
-	grep "^-$_x40 " boundary
+	sed -n "/^-/{p;q;}" long-subject-bundle.bdl >boundary &&
+	grep "^-[0-9a-f]\\{40\\} " boundary
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prerequisites with an empty commit message' '
+	: >file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+	test_commit file2 &&
+	git bundle create bundle HEAD^.. &&
+	git bundle verify bundle
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5705-clone-2gb.sh b/t/t5705-clone-2gb.sh
index e9783c341a..191d6d3a78 100755
--- a/t/t5705-clone-2gb.sh
+++ b/t/t5705-clone-2gb.sh
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test_expect_success CLONE_2GB 'clone - bare' '
 
 test_expect_success CLONE_2GB 'clone - with worktree, file:// protocol' '
 
-	git clone file://. clone-wt
+	git clone "file://$(pwd)" clone-wt
 
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh b/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh
index 56be67e07e..6e7a7be052 100755
--- a/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t5706-clone-branch.sh
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	 echo one >file && git add file && git commit -m one &&
 	 git checkout -b two &&
 	 echo two >file && git add file && git commit -m two &&
-	 git checkout master)
+	 git checkout master) &&
+	mkdir empty &&
+	(cd empty && git init)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'vanilla clone chooses HEAD' '
@@ -61,4 +63,8 @@ test_expect_success 'clone -b with bogus branch' '
 	test_must_fail git clone -b bogus parent clone-bogus
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'clone -b not allowed with empty repos' '
+	test_must_fail git clone -b branch empty clone-branch-empty
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t5709-clone-refspec.sh b/t/t5709-clone-refspec.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..7ace2535c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5709-clone-refspec.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test refspec written by clone-command'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	# Make two branches, "master" and "side"
+	echo one >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	echo two >file &&
+	git commit -a -m two &&
+	git tag two &&
+	echo three >file &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git checkout -b side &&
+	echo four >file &&
+	git commit -a -m four &&
+	git checkout master &&
+
+	# default clone
+	git clone . dir_all &&
+
+	# default --single that follows HEAD=master
+	git clone --single-branch . dir_master &&
+
+	# default --single that follows HEAD=side
+	git checkout side &&
+	git clone --single-branch . dir_side &&
+
+	# explicit --single that follows side
+	git checkout master &&
+	git clone --single-branch --branch side . dir_side2 &&
+
+	# default --single with --mirror
+	git clone --single-branch --mirror . dir_mirror &&
+
+	# default --single with --branch and --mirror
+	git clone --single-branch --mirror --branch side . dir_mirror_side &&
+
+	# --single that does not know what branch to follow
+	git checkout two^ &&
+	git clone --single-branch . dir_detached &&
+
+	# explicit --single with tag
+	git clone --single-branch --branch two . dir_tag &&
+
+	# advance both "master" and "side" branches
+	git checkout side &&
+	echo five >file &&
+	git commit -a -m five &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo six >file &&
+	git commit -a -m six &&
+
+	# update tag
+	git tag -d two && git tag two
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'by default all branches will be kept updated' '
+	(
+		cd dir_all && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# follow both master and side
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'by default no tags will be kept updated' '
+	(
+		cd dir_all && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/tags >../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/tags >expect &&
+	test_must_fail test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch while HEAD pointing at master' '
+	(
+		cd dir_master && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# only follow master
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/master >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch while HEAD pointing at side' '
+	(
+		cd dir_side && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# only follow side
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with explicit --branch side' '
+	(
+		cd dir_side2 && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# only follow side
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/side >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with explicit --branch with tag fetches updated tag' '
+	(
+		cd dir_tag && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/tags >../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/tags >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with --mirror' '
+	(
+		cd dir_mirror && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs > ../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with explicit --branch and --mirror' '
+	(
+		cd dir_mirror_side && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs > ../actual
+	) &&
+	git for-each-ref refs >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--single-branch with detached' '
+	(
+		cd dir_detached && git fetch &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/remotes/origin |
+		sed -e "/HEAD$/d" \
+		    -e "s|/remotes/origin/|/heads/|" >../actual
+	) &&
+	# nothing
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh b/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
index ef7127c1b3..5a6e49d18d 100755
--- a/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
+++ b/t/t5710-info-alternate.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ reachable_via() {
 
 test_valid_repo() {
 	git fsck --full > fsck.log &&
-	test `wc -l < fsck.log` = 0
+	test_line_count = 0 fsck.log
 }
 
 base_dir=`pwd`
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test_expect_success 'creating too deep nesting' \
 git clone -l -s D E &&
 git clone -l -s E F &&
 git clone -l -s F G &&
-git clone -l -s G H'
+git clone --bare -l -s G H'
 
 test_expect_success 'invalidity of deepest repository' \
 'cd H && {
diff --git a/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 1c62001fce..0000000000
--- a/t/t5800-remote-helpers.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2010 Sverre Rabbelier
-#
-
-test_description='Test remote-helper import and export commands'
-
-. ./test-lib.sh
-
-if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON ; then
-	skip_all='skipping git-remote-hg tests, python not available'
-	test_done
-fi
-
-"$PYTHON_PATH" -c '
-import sys
-if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
-    sys.exit(1)
-' || {
-	skip_all='skipping git-remote-hg tests, python version < 2.4'
-	test_done
-}
-
-compare_refs() {
-	git --git-dir="$1/.git" rev-parse --verify $2 >expect &&
-	git --git-dir="$3/.git" rev-parse --verify $4 >actual &&
-	test_cmp expect actual
-}
-
-test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
-	git init --bare server/.git &&
-	git clone server public &&
-	(cd public &&
-	 echo content >file &&
-	 git add file &&
-	 git commit -m one &&
-	 git push origin master)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning from local repo' '
-	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" localclone &&
-	test_cmp public/file localclone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'cloning from remote repo' '
-	git clone "testgit::file://${PWD}/server" clone &&
-	test_cmp public/file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'create new commit on remote' '
-	(cd public &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m two &&
-	 git push)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling from local repo' '
-	(cd localclone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp public/file localclone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pulling from remote remote' '
-	(cd clone && git pull) &&
-	test_cmp public/file clone/file
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pushing to local repo' '
-	(cd localclone &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m three &&
-	git push) &&
-	compare_refs localclone HEAD server HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'synch with changes from localclone' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git pull)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'pushing remote local repo' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	echo content >>file &&
-	git commit -a -m four &&
-	git push) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch new branch' '
-	(cd public &&
-	 git checkout -b new &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m five &&
-	 git push origin new
-	) &&
-	(cd localclone &&
-	 git fetch origin new
-	) &&
-	compare_refs public HEAD localclone FETCH_HEAD
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'fetch multiple branches' '
-	(cd localclone &&
-	 git fetch
-	) &&
-	compare_refs server master localclone refs/remotes/origin/master &&
-	compare_refs server new localclone refs/remotes/origin/new
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push when remote has extra refs' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m six &&
-	 git push
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone master server master
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'push new branch by name' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git checkout -b new-name  &&
-	 echo content >>file &&
-	 git commit -a -m seven &&
-	 git push origin new-name
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server refs/heads/new-name
-'
-
-test_expect_failure 'push new branch with old:new refspec' '
-	(cd clone &&
-	 git push origin new-name:new-refspec
-	) &&
-	compare_refs clone HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec
-'
-
-test_done
diff --git a/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c9d3ed14c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5801-remote-helpers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2010 Sverre Rabbelier
+#
+
+test_description='Test remote-helper import and export commands'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-gpg.sh
+
+compare_refs() {
+	git --git-dir="$1/.git" rev-parse --verify $2 >expect &&
+	git --git-dir="$3/.git" rev-parse --verify $4 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup repository' '
+	git init server &&
+	(cd server &&
+	 echo content >file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 git commit -m one)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning from local repo' '
+	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local &&
+	test_cmp server/file local/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create new commit on remote' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m two)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling from local repo' '
+	(cd local && git pull) &&
+	test_cmp server/file local/file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing to local repo' '
+	(cd local &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m three &&
+	git push) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch new branch' '
+	(cd server &&
+	 git reset --hard &&
+	 git checkout -b new &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m five
+	) &&
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch origin new
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server HEAD local FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch multiple branches' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git fetch
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server master local refs/remotes/origin/master &&
+	compare_refs server new local refs/remotes/origin/new
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push when remote has extra refs' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git reset --hard origin/master &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m six &&
+	 git push
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local master server master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push new branch by name' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git checkout -b new-name  &&
+	 echo content >>file &&
+	 git commit -a -m seven &&
+	 git push origin new-name
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-name
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push new branch with old:new refspec' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git push origin new-name:new-refspec
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push new branch with HEAD:new refspec' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git checkout new-name
+	 git push origin HEAD:new-refspec-2
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local HEAD server refs/heads/new-refspec-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push delete branch' '
+	(cd local &&
+	 git push origin :new-name
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git --git-dir="server/.git" \
+	 rev-parse --verify refs/heads/new-name
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'forced push' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b force-test &&
+	echo content >> file &&
+	git commit -a -m eight &&
+	git push origin force-test &&
+	echo content >> file &&
+	git commit -a --amend -m eight-modified &&
+	git push --force origin force-test
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local refs/heads/force-test server refs/heads/force-test
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cloning without refspec' '
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" \
+	git clone "testgit::${PWD}/server" local2 2>error &&
+	grep "This remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling without refspecs' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" git pull 2>../error) &&
+	grep "This remote helper should implement refspec capability" error &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pushing without refspecs' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m ten &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC="" &&
+	export GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_REFSPEC &&
+	test_must_fail git push 2>../error) &&
+	grep "remote-helper doesn.t support push; refspec needed" error
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pulling without marks' '
+	(cd local2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS=1 git pull) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'pushing without marks' '
+	test_when_finished "(cd local2 && git reset --hard origin)" &&
+	(cd local2 &&
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m twelve &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_MARKS=1 git push) &&
+	compare_refs local2 HEAD server HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push all with existing object' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git branch dup2 master &&
+	git push origin --all
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local dup2 server dup2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push ref with existing object' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git branch dup master &&
+	git push origin dup
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local dup server dup
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push signed tag' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -s -m signed-tag signed-tag &&
+	git push origin signed-tag
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local signed-tag^{} server signed-tag^{} &&
+	test_must_fail compare_refs local signed-tag server signed-tag
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'push signed tag with signed-tags capability' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag -s -m signed-tag signed-tag-2 &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_SIGNED_TAGS=1 git push origin signed-tag-2
+	) &&
+	compare_refs local signed-tag-2 server signed-tag-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b update master &&
+	echo update >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m update &&
+	git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify remotes/origin/update >expect &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs disabled by no-private-update' '
+	(cd local &&
+	echo more-update >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m more-update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >expect &&
+	GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_NO_PRIVATE_UPDATE=t git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push update refs failure' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout update &&
+	echo "update fail" >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m "update fail" &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >expect &&
+	test_expect_code 1 env GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE="non-fast forward" \
+		git push origin update &&
+	git rev-parse --verify testgit/origin/heads/update >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+clean_mark () {
+	cut -f 2 -d ' ' "$1" |
+	git cat-file --batch-check |
+	grep commit |
+	sort >$(basename "$1")
+}
+
+cmp_marks () {
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf git.marks testgit.marks" &&
+	clean_mark ".git/testgit/$1/git.marks" &&
+	clean_mark ".git/testgit/$1/testgit.marks" &&
+	test_cmp git.marks testgit.marks
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for fetching' '
+	(cd local &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 git fetch 2>error &&
+	cat error &&
+	grep -q "Error while running fast-import" error
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'proper failure checks for pushing' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b crash master &&
+	echo crash >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m crash &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_REMOTE_TESTGIT_FAILURE=1 git push --all &&
+	cmp_marks origin
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'push messages' '
+	(cd local &&
+	git checkout -b new_branch master &&
+	echo new >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	git push origin new_branch &&
+	git fetch origin &&
+	echo new >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	git push origin new_branch 2> msg &&
+	! grep "\[new branch\]" msg
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch HEAD' '
+	(cd server &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m more
+	) &&
+	(cd local &&
+	git fetch origin HEAD
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server HEAD local FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch url' '
+	(cd server &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	git commit -a -m more
+	) &&
+	(cd local &&
+	git fetch "testgit::${PWD}/../server"
+	) &&
+	compare_refs server HEAD local FETCH_HEAD
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh b/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..878faf2b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t5802-connect-helper.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='ext::cmd remote "connect" helper'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m initial &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m second &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m third &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip three" three &&
+
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m fourth
+'
+
+test_expect_success clone '
+	cmd=$(echo "echo >&2 ext::sh invoked && %S .." | sed -e "s/ /% /g") &&
+	git clone "ext::sh -c %S% ." dst &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "ext::sh -c $cmd" &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/
+	) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update following tag' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m fifth &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip five" five &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update backfilled tag' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m sixth &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip two" two three^1 &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update backfilled tag without primary transfer' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git tag -a -m "tip one " one two^1 &&
+	git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >expect &&
+	(
+		cd dst &&
+		git pull &&
+		git for-each-ref refs/heads/ refs/tags/ >../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh b/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
index b10685af4e..3e752ce032 100755
--- a/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
+++ b/t/t6000-rev-list-misc.sh
@@ -42,10 +42,62 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-list --objects with pathspecs and copied files' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m that &&
 
-	ONE=$(git rev-parse HEAD:one)
+	ONE=$(git rev-parse HEAD:one) &&
 	git rev-list --objects HEAD two >output &&
 	grep "$ONE two/three" output &&
 	! grep one output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list A..B and rev-list ^A B are the same' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -m another &&
+	git tag -a -m "annotated" v1.0 &&
+	git rev-list --objects ^v1.0^ v1.0 >expect &&
+	git rev-list --objects v1.0^..v1.0 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'propagate uninteresting flag down correctly' '
+	git rev-list --objects ^HEAD^{tree} HEAD^{tree} >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'symleft flag bit is propagated down from tag' '
+	git log --format="%m %s" --left-right v1.0...master >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	> two
+	> one
+	< another
+	< that
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list can show index objects' '
+	# Of the blobs and trees in the index, note:
+	#
+	#   - we do not show two/three, because it is the
+	#     same blob as "one", and we show objects only once
+	#
+	#   - we do show the tree "two", because it has a valid cache tree
+	#     from the last commit
+	#
+	#   - we do not show the root tree; since we updated the index, it
+	#     does not have a valid cache tree
+	#
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	8e4020bb5a8d8c873b25de15933e75cc0fc275df one
+	d9d3a7417b9605cfd88ee6306b28dadc29e6ab08 only-in-index
+	9200b628cf9dc883a85a7abc8d6e6730baee589c two
+	EOF
+	echo only-in-index >only-in-index &&
+	git add only-in-index &&
+	git rev-list --objects --indexed-objects >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--bisect and --first-parent can not be combined' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-list --bisect --first-parent HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh b/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
index fb07536a0f..43ad772484 100755
--- a/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
+++ b/t/t6002-rev-list-bisect.sh
@@ -39,25 +39,25 @@ test_bisection_diff()
 date >path0
 git update-index --add path0
 save_tag tree git write-tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b2 tree -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
+on_committer_date "00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "00:08" save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
+on_committer_date "00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b2 tree -p b2
+on_committer_date "00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
+on_committer_date "00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
+on_committer_date "00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
+on_committer_date "00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
+on_committer_date "00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
+on_committer_date "00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
+on_committer_date "00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
+on_committer_date "00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
+on_committer_date "00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
 git update-ref HEAD $(tag l5)
 
 
@@ -90,29 +90,29 @@ git update-ref HEAD $(tag l5)
 #     F
 
 
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag F unique_commit F tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag e8 unique_commit e8 tree -p F
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag e7 unique_commit e7 tree -p e8
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag e6 unique_commit e6 tree -p e7
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag e5 unique_commit e5 tree -p e6
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag f4 unique_commit f4 tree -p F
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag f3 unique_commit f3 tree -p f4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag f2 unique_commit f2 tree -p f3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" save_tag f1 unique_commit f1 tree -p f2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag e4 unique_commit e4 tree -p e5
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag e3 unique_commit e3 tree -p e4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag e2 unique_commit e2 tree -p e3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag e1 unique_commit e1 tree -p e2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag E unique_commit E tree -p e1 -p f1
-
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag U unique_commit U tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag u0 unique_commit u0 tree -p U
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag u1 unique_commit u1 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag u2 unique_commit u2 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag u3 unique_commit u3 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag u4 unique_commit u4 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag u5 unique_commit u5 tree -p u0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag V unique_commit V tree -p u1 -p u2 -p u3 -p u4 -p u5
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag F unique_commit F tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag e8 unique_commit e8 tree -p F
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag e7 unique_commit e7 tree -p e8
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag e6 unique_commit e6 tree -p e7
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag e5 unique_commit e5 tree -p e6
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag f4 unique_commit f4 tree -p F
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag f3 unique_commit f3 tree -p f4
+on_committer_date "00:07" save_tag f2 unique_commit f2 tree -p f3
+on_committer_date "00:08" save_tag f1 unique_commit f1 tree -p f2
+on_committer_date "00:09" save_tag e4 unique_commit e4 tree -p e5
+on_committer_date "00:10" save_tag e3 unique_commit e3 tree -p e4
+on_committer_date "00:11" save_tag e2 unique_commit e2 tree -p e3
+on_committer_date "00:12" save_tag e1 unique_commit e1 tree -p e2
+on_committer_date "00:13" save_tag E unique_commit E tree -p e1 -p f1
+
+on_committer_date "00:00" hide_error save_tag U unique_commit U tree
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag u0 unique_commit u0 tree -p U
+on_committer_date "00:01" save_tag u1 unique_commit u1 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:02" save_tag u2 unique_commit u2 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:03" save_tag u3 unique_commit u3 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:04" save_tag u4 unique_commit u4 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:05" save_tag u5 unique_commit u5 tree -p u0
+on_committer_date "00:06" save_tag V unique_commit V tree -p u1 -p u2 -p u3 -p u4 -p u5
 
 test_sequence()
 {
diff --git a/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh b/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
index e4c52b0214..24d1836f41 100755
--- a/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
+++ b/t/t6003-rev-list-topo-order.sh
@@ -16,39 +16,34 @@ list_duplicates()
 date >path0
 git update-index --add path0
 save_tag tree git write-tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:08" as_author foobar@example.com save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b3 tree -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:12" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:13" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:19" save_tag m1 unique_commit m1 tree -p a4 -p c3
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:20" save_tag m2 unique_commit m2 tree -p c3 -p a4
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:21" hide_error save_tag alt_root unique_commit alt_root tree
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:22" save_tag r0 unique_commit r0 tree -p alt_root
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:23" save_tag r1 unique_commit r1 tree -p r0
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:24" save_tag l5r1 unique_commit l5r1 tree -p l5 -p r1
-on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:25" save_tag r1l5 unique_commit r1l5 tree -p r1 -p l5
+on_dates "00:00" "00:00" hide_error save_tag root unique_commit root tree
+on_dates "00:01" "00:01" save_tag l0 unique_commit l0 tree -p root
+on_dates "00:02" "00:02" save_tag l1 unique_commit l1 tree -p l0
+on_dates "00:03" "00:03" save_tag l2 unique_commit l2 tree -p l1
+on_dates "00:04" "00:04" save_tag a0 unique_commit a0 tree -p l2
+on_dates "00:05" "00:05" save_tag a1 unique_commit a1 tree -p a0
+on_dates "00:06" "00:06" save_tag b1 unique_commit b1 tree -p a0
+on_dates "00:07" "00:07" save_tag c1 unique_commit c1 tree -p b1
+on_dates "00:08" "00:08" as_author foobar@example.com save_tag b2 unique_commit b2 tree -p b1
+on_dates "00:09" "00:09" save_tag b3 unique_commit b3 tree -p b2
+on_dates "00:10" "00:10" save_tag c2 unique_commit c2 tree -p c1 -p b2
+on_dates "00:11" "00:11" save_tag c3 unique_commit c3 tree -p c2
+on_dates "00:12" "00:00" save_tag a2 unique_commit a2 tree -p a1
+on_dates "00:13" "00:01" save_tag a3 unique_commit a3 tree -p a2
+on_dates "00:14" "00:14" save_tag b4 unique_commit b4 tree -p b3 -p a3
+on_dates "00:15" "00:15" save_tag a4 unique_commit a4 tree -p a3 -p b4 -p c3
+on_dates "00:16" "00:16" save_tag l3 unique_commit l3 tree -p a4
+on_dates "00:17" "00:17" save_tag l4 unique_commit l4 tree -p l3
+on_dates "00:18" "00:18" save_tag l5 unique_commit l5 tree -p l4
+on_dates "00:19" "00:19" save_tag m1 unique_commit m1 tree -p a4 -p c3
+on_dates "00:20" "00:20" save_tag m2 unique_commit m2 tree -p c3 -p a4
+on_dates "00:21" "00:21" hide_error save_tag alt_root unique_commit alt_root tree
+on_dates "00:22" "00:22" save_tag r0 unique_commit r0 tree -p alt_root
+on_dates "00:23" "00:23" save_tag r1 unique_commit r1 tree -p r0
+on_dates "00:24" "00:24" save_tag l5r1 unique_commit l5r1 tree -p l5 -p r1
+on_dates "00:25" "00:25" save_tag r1l5 unique_commit r1l5 tree -p r1 -p l5
 
 
-#
-# note: as of 20/6, it isn't possible to create duplicate parents, so this
-# can't be tested.
-#
-#on_committer_date "1971-08-16 00:00:20" save_tag m3 unique_commit m3 tree -p c3 -p a4 -p c3
 hide_error save_tag e1 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e1 tree
 save_tag e2 as_author e@example.com unique_commit e2 tree -p e1
 save_tag f1 as_author f@example.com unique_commit f1 tree -p e1
@@ -105,6 +100,50 @@ l0
 root
 EOF
 
+test_output_expect_success 'simple date order' 'git rev-list --date-order  HEAD' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+b4
+a3
+a2
+c3
+c2
+b3
+b2
+c1
+b1
+a1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
+test_output_expect_success 'simple author-date order' 'git rev-list --author-date-order  HEAD' <<EOF
+l5
+l4
+l3
+a4
+b4
+c3
+c2
+b3
+b2
+c1
+b1
+a3
+a2
+a1
+a0
+l2
+l1
+l0
+root
+EOF
+
 test_output_expect_success 'two diamonds topo order (g6)' 'git rev-list --topo-order  g4' <<EOF
 g4
 h2
diff --git a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
index 444279077e..b77d4c97c1 100755
--- a/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
+++ b/t/t6006-rev-list-format.sh
@@ -1,67 +1,118 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
+# Copyright (c) 2009 Jens Lehmann
+# Copyright (c) 2011 Alexey Shumkin (+ non-UTF-8 commit encoding tests)
+
 test_description='git rev-list --pretty=format test'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-terminal.sh
 
 test_tick
+# Tested non-UTF-8 encoding
+test_encoding="ISO8859-1"
+
+# String "added" in German
+# (translated with Google Translate),
+# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+added_utf8_part=$(printf "\303\274")
+added_utf8_part_iso88591=$(echo "$added_utf8_part" | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding)
+added=$(printf "added (hinzugef${added_utf8_part}gt) foo")
+added_iso88591=$(echo "$added" | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding)
+# same but "changed"
+changed_utf8_part=$(printf "\303\244")
+changed_utf8_part_iso88591=$(echo "$changed_utf8_part" | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding)
+changed=$(printf "changed (ge${changed_utf8_part}ndert) foo")
+changed_iso88591=$(echo "$changed" | iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding)
+
+# Count of char to truncate
+# Number is chosen so, that non-ACSII characters
+# (see $added_utf8_part and $changed_utf8_part)
+# fall into truncated parts of appropriate words both from left and right
+truncate_count=20
+
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-touch foo && git add foo && git commit -m "added foo" &&
-  echo changed >foo && git commit -a -m "changed foo"
+	: >foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git config i18n.commitEncoding $test_encoding &&
+	echo "$added_iso88591" | git commit -F - &&
+	head1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head1_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $head1) &&
+	tree1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:) &&
+	tree1_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $tree1) &&
+	echo "$changed" > foo &&
+	echo "$changed_iso88591" | git commit -a -F - &&
+	head2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head2_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $head2) &&
+	tree2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD:) &&
+	tree2_short=$(git rev-parse --verify --short $tree2) &&
+	git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
 '
 
-# usage: test_format name format_string <expected_output
-test_format() {
+# usage: test_format name format_string [failure] <expected_output
+test_format () {
 	cat >expect.$1
-	test_expect_success "format $1" "
-git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
-test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
-"
+	test_expect_${3:-success} "format $1" "
+		git rev-list --pretty=format:'$2' master >output.$1 &&
+		test_cmp expect.$1 output.$1
+	"
+}
+
+# Feed to --format to provide predictable colored sequences.
+AUTO_COLOR='%C(auto,red)foo%C(auto,reset)'
+has_color () {
+	printf '\033[31mfoo\033[m\n' >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$1"
+}
+
+has_no_color () {
+	echo foo >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect "$1"
 }
 
-test_format percent %%h <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format percent %%h <<EOF
+commit $head2
 %h
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 %h
 EOF
 
-test_format hash %H%n%h <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-131a310
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cf
+test_format hash %H%n%h <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$head2
+$head2_short
+commit $head1
+$head1
+$head1_short
 EOF
 
-test_format tree %T%n%t <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-fe722612f26da5064c32ca3843aa154bdb0b08a0
-fe72261
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-4d5fcadc293a348e88f777dc0920f11e7d71441c
-4d5fcad
+test_format tree %T%n%t <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$tree2
+$tree2_short
+commit $head1
+$tree1
+$tree1_short
 EOF
 
-test_format parents %P%n%p <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-86c75cf
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format parents %P%n%p <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$head1
+$head1_short
+commit $head1
 
 
 EOF
 
 # we don't test relative here
-test_format author %an%n%ae%n%ad%n%aD%n%at <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format author %an%n%ae%n%ad%n%aD%n%at <<EOF
+commit $head2
 A U Thor
 author@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
 Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 A U Thor
 author@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
@@ -69,14 +120,14 @@ Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
 EOF
 
-test_format committer %cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%cD%n%ct <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format committer %cn%n%ce%n%cd%n%cD%n%ct <<EOF
+commit $head2
 C O Mitter
 committer@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
 Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 C O Mitter
 committer@example.com
 Thu Apr 7 15:13:13 2005 -0700
@@ -84,86 +135,213 @@ Thu, 7 Apr 2005 15:13:13 -0700
 1112911993
 EOF
 
-test_format encoding %e <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format encoding %e <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$test_encoding
+commit $head1
+$test_encoding
 EOF
 
-test_format subject %s <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+test_format subject %s <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$changed
+commit $head1
+$added
 EOF
 
-test_format body %b <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format subject-truncated "%<($truncate_count,trunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head2
+changed (ge${changed_utf8_part}ndert)..
+commit $head1
+added (hinzugef${added_utf8_part}gt..
 EOF
 
-test_format raw-body %B <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
+test_format body %b <<EOF
+commit $head2
+commit $head1
+EOF
+
+test_format raw-body %B <<EOF
+commit $head2
+$changed
 
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+commit $head1
+$added
 
 EOF
 
-test_format colors %Credfoo%Cgreenbar%Cbluebaz%Cresetxyzzy <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format colors %Credfoo%Cgreenbar%Cbluebaz%Cresetxyzzy <<EOF
+commit $head2
 foobarbazxyzzy
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 foobarbazxyzzy
 EOF
 
-test_format advanced-colors '%C(red yellow bold)foo%C(reset)' <<'EOF'
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
+test_format advanced-colors '%C(red yellow bold)foo%C(reset)' <<EOF
+commit $head2
 foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+commit $head1
 foo
 EOF
 
-cat >commit-msg <<'EOF'
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) does not enable color by default' '
+	git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_no_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) enables colors for color.diff' '
+	git -c color.diff=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) enables colors for color.ui' '
+	git -c color.ui=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --color' '
+	git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --no-color' '
+	git -c color.ui=always log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --no-color >actual &&
+	has_no_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success TTY '%C(auto) respects --color=auto (stdout is tty)' '
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 \
+		git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+	has_color actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '%C(auto) respects --color=auto (stdout not tty)' '
+	(
+		TERM=vt100 && export TERM &&
+		git log --format=$AUTO_COLOR -1 --color=auto >actual &&
+		has_no_color actual
+	)
+'
+
+iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding > commit-msg <<EOF
 Test printing of complex bodies
 
 This commit message is much longer than the others,
-and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
-include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+and it will be encoded in $test_encoding. We should therefore
+include an ISO8859 character: ¡bueno!
 EOF
+
 test_expect_success 'setup complex body' '
-git config i18n.commitencoding iso8859-1 &&
-  echo change2 >foo && git commit -a -F commit-msg
+	git config i18n.commitencoding $test_encoding &&
+	echo change2 >foo && git commit -a -F commit-msg &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	head3_short=$(git rev-parse --short $head3)
 '
 
-test_format complex-encoding %e <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
-iso8859-1
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format complex-encoding %e <<EOF
+commit $head3
+$test_encoding
+commit $head2
+$test_encoding
+commit $head1
+$test_encoding
 EOF
 
-test_format complex-subject %s <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
+test_format complex-subject %s <<EOF
+commit $head3
 Test printing of complex bodies
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-changed foo
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
-added foo
+commit $head2
+$changed_iso88591
+commit $head1
+$added_iso88591
 EOF
 
-test_format complex-body %b <<'EOF'
-commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea
-This commit message is much longer than the others,
-and it will be encoded in iso8859-1. We should therefore
-include an iso8859 character: ¡bueno!
+test_format complex-subject-trunc "%<($truncate_count,trunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test printing of c..
+commit $head2
+changed (ge${changed_utf8_part_iso88591}ndert)..
+commit $head1
+added (hinzugef${added_utf8_part_iso88591}gt..
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-subject-mtrunc "%<($truncate_count,mtrunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test prin..ex bodies
+commit $head2
+changed (..dert) foo
+commit $head1
+added (hi..f${added_utf8_part_iso88591}gt) foo
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-subject-ltrunc "%<($truncate_count,ltrunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+.. of complex bodies
+commit $head2
+..ged (ge${changed_utf8_part_iso88591}ndert) foo
+commit $head1
+.. (hinzugef${added_utf8_part_iso88591}gt) foo
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare expected messages (for test %b)' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expected.utf-8 &&
+	commit $head3
+	This commit message is much longer than the others,
+	and it will be encoded in $test_encoding. We should therefore
+	include an ISO8859 character: ¡bueno!
+
+	commit $head2
+	commit $head1
+	EOF
+	iconv -f utf-8 -t $test_encoding expected.utf-8 >expected.ISO8859-1
+'
+
+test_format complex-body %b <expected.ISO8859-1
+
+# Git uses i18n.commitEncoding if no i18n.logOutputEncoding set
+# so unset i18n.commitEncoding to test encoding conversion
+git config --unset i18n.commitEncoding
+
+test_format complex-subject-commitencoding-unset %s <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test printing of complex bodies
+commit $head2
+$changed
+commit $head1
+$added
+EOF
 
-commit 131a310eb913d107dd3c09a65d1651175898735d
-commit 86c75cfd708a0e5868dc876ed5b8bb66c80b4873
+test_format complex-subject-commitencoding-unset-trunc "%<($truncate_count,trunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test printing of c..
+commit $head2
+changed (ge${changed_utf8_part}ndert)..
+commit $head1
+added (hinzugef${added_utf8_part}gt..
 EOF
 
+test_format complex-subject-commitencoding-unset-mtrunc "%<($truncate_count,mtrunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+Test prin..ex bodies
+commit $head2
+changed (..dert) foo
+commit $head1
+added (hi..f${added_utf8_part}gt) foo
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-subject-commitencoding-unset-ltrunc "%<($truncate_count,ltrunc)%s" <<EOF
+commit $head3
+.. of complex bodies
+commit $head2
+..ged (ge${changed_utf8_part}ndert) foo
+commit $head1
+.. (hinzugef${added_utf8_part}gt) foo
+EOF
+
+test_format complex-body-commitencoding-unset %b <expected.utf-8
+
 test_expect_success '%x00 shows NUL' '
-	echo  >expect commit f58db70b055c5718631e5c61528b28b12090cdea &&
+	echo  >expect commit $head3 &&
 	echo >>expect fooQbar &&
 	git rev-list -1 --format=foo%x00bar HEAD >actual.nul &&
 	nul_to_q <actual.nul >actual &&
@@ -180,42 +358,39 @@ test_expect_success 'empty email' '
 	test_tick &&
 	C=$(GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL= git commit-tree HEAD^{tree} </dev/null) &&
 	A=$(git show --pretty=format:%an,%ae,%ad%n -s $C) &&
-	test "$A" = "A U Thor,,Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700" || {
-		echo "Eh? $A" >failure
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$A" = "A U Thor,,Thu Apr 7 15:14:13 2005 -0700"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'del LF before empty (1)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%n%-b%nThanks%n" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 2
+	test_line_count = 2 actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'del LF before empty (2)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%n%-b%nThanks%n" HEAD >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 6 &&
+	test_line_count = 6 actual &&
 	grep "^$" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add LF before non-empty (1)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%+b%nThanks%n" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 2
+	test_line_count = 2 actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add LF before non-empty (2)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s%+b%nThanks%n" HEAD >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 6 &&
+	test_line_count = 6 actual &&
 	grep "^$" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add SP before non-empty (1)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s% bThanks" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -w <actual) = 2
+	test $(wc -w <actual) = 3
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add SP before non-empty (2)' '
 	git show -s --pretty=format:"%s% sThanks" HEAD^^ >actual &&
-	test $(wc -w <actual) = 4
+	test $(wc -w <actual) = 6
 '
 
 test_expect_success '--abbrev' '
@@ -278,8 +453,22 @@ test_expect_success 'oneline with empty message' '
 	git commit -m "dummy" --allow-empty &&
 	git filter-branch --msg-filter "sed -e s/dummy//" HEAD^^.. &&
 	git rev-list --oneline HEAD >test.txt &&
-	test $(git rev-list --oneline HEAD | wc -l) -eq 5 &&
-	test $(git rev-list --oneline --graph HEAD | wc -l) -eq 5
+	test_line_count = 5 test.txt &&
+	git rev-list --oneline --graph HEAD >testg.txt &&
+	test_line_count = 5 testg.txt
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'single-character name is parsed correctly' '
+	git commit --author="a <a@example.com>" --allow-empty -m foo &&
+	echo "a <a@example.com>" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format="%an <%ae>" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'unused %G placeholders are passed through' '
+	echo "%GX %G" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format="%GX %G" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
index 30507407ff..66cda17ef3 100755
--- a/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
+++ b/t/t6009-rev-list-parent.sh
@@ -133,4 +133,17 @@ test_expect_success 'dodecapus' '
 	check_revlist "--min-parents=13" &&
 	check_revlist "--min-parents=4 --max-parents=11" tetrapus
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'ancestors with the same commit time' '
+
+	test_tick_keep=$test_tick &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8; do
+		test_tick=$test_tick_keep
+		test_commit t$i
+	done &&
+	git rev-list t1^! --not t$i >result &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect result
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6010-merge-base.sh b/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
index f80bba871c..39b3238da2 100755
--- a/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
+++ b/t/t6010-merge-base.sh
@@ -230,4 +230,71 @@ test_expect_success 'criss-cross merge-base for octopus-step' '
 	test_cmp expected.sorted actual.sorted
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'using reflog to find the fork point' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b base $E &&
+
+	(
+		for count in 1 2 3
+		do
+			git commit --allow-empty -m "Base commit #$count" &&
+			git rev-parse HEAD >expect$count &&
+			git checkout -B derived &&
+			git commit --allow-empty -m "Derived #$count" &&
+			git rev-parse HEAD >derived$count &&
+			git checkout -B base $E || exit 1
+		done
+
+		for count in 1 2 3
+		do
+			git merge-base --fork-point base $(cat derived$count) >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect$count actual || exit 1
+		done
+
+	) &&
+	# check that we correctly default to HEAD
+	git checkout derived &&
+	git merge-base --fork-point base >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect3 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge-base --octopus --all for complex tree' '
+	# Best common ancestor for JE, JAA and JDD is JC
+	#             JE
+	#            / |
+	#           /  |
+	#          /   |
+	#  JAA    /    |
+	#   |\   /     |
+	#   | \  | JDD |
+	#   |  \ |/ |  |
+	#   |   JC JD  |
+	#   |    | /|  |
+	#   |    |/ |  |
+	#  JA    |  |  |
+	#   |\  /|  |  |
+	#   X JB |  X  X
+	#   \  \ | /   /
+	#    \__\|/___/
+	#        J
+	test_commit J &&
+	test_commit JB &&
+	git reset --hard J &&
+	test_commit JC &&
+	git reset --hard J &&
+	test_commit JTEMP1 &&
+	test_merge JA JB &&
+	test_merge JAA JC &&
+	git reset --hard J &&
+	test_commit JTEMP2 &&
+	test_merge JD JB &&
+	test_merge JDD JC &&
+	git reset --hard J &&
+	test_commit JTEMP3 &&
+	test_merge JE JC &&
+	git rev-parse JC >expected &&
+	git merge-base --all --octopus JAA JDD JE >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
index 839ad97b79..b89cd6b07a 100755
--- a/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
+++ b/t/t6012-rev-list-simplify.sh
@@ -14,21 +14,24 @@ unnote () {
 
 test_expect_success setup '
 	echo "Hi there" >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick && git commit -m "Initial file" &&
+	echo "initial" >lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Initial file and lost" &&
 	note A &&
 
 	git branch other-branch &&
 
 	echo "Hello" >file &&
-	git add file &&
-	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified file" &&
+	echo "second" >lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified file and lost" &&
 	note B &&
 
 	git checkout other-branch &&
 
 	echo "Hello" >file &&
-	git add file &&
+	>lost &&
+	git add file lost &&
 	test_tick && git commit -m "Modified the file identically" &&
 	note C &&
 
@@ -37,7 +40,9 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick && git commit -m "Add another file" &&
 	note D &&
 
-	test_tick && git merge -m "merge" master &&
+	test_tick &&
+	test_must_fail git merge -m "merge" master &&
+	>lost && git commit -a -m "merge" &&
 	note E &&
 
 	echo "Yet another" >elif &&
@@ -56,36 +61,70 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	echo "Final change" >file &&
 	test_tick && git commit -a -m "Final change" &&
-	note I
+	note I &&
+
+	git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/unrelated &&
+	git rm -f "*" &&
+	echo "Unrelated branch" >side &&
+	git add side &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Side root" &&
+	note J &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge -m "Coolest" unrelated &&
+	note K &&
+
+	echo "Immaterial" >elif &&
+	git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Last" &&
+	note L
 '
 
 FMT='tformat:%P 	%H | %s'
 
-check_result () {
+check_outcome () {
+	outcome=$1
+	shift
 	for c in $1
 	do
 		echo "$c"
 	done >expect &&
 	shift &&
 	param="$*" &&
-	test_expect_success "log $param" '
+	test_expect_$outcome "log $param" '
 		git log --pretty="$FMT" --parents $param |
 		unnote >actual &&
 		sed -e "s/^.*	\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/" >check <actual &&
-		test_cmp expect check || {
-			cat actual
-			false
-		}
+		test_cmp expect check
 	'
 }
 
-check_result 'I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
-check_result 'I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
+check_result () {
+	check_outcome success "$@"
+}
+
+check_result 'L K J I H G F E D C B A' --full-history
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history -- file
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --topo-order -- file
+check_result 'K I H E C B A' --full-history --date-order -- file
 check_result 'I E C B A' --simplify-merges -- file
 check_result 'I B A' -- file
 check_result 'I B A' --topo-order -- file
 check_result 'H' --first-parent -- another-file
 
+check_result 'E C B A' --full-history E -- lost
+test_expect_success 'full history simplification without parent' '
+	printf "%s\n" E C B A >expect &&
+	git log --pretty="$FMT" --full-history E -- lost |
+	unnote >actual &&
+	sed -e "s/^.*	\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/" >check <actual &&
+	test_cmp expect check
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--full-diff is not affected by --parents' '
+	git log -p --pretty="%H" --full-diff -- file >expected &&
+	git log -p --pretty="%H" --full-diff --parents -- file >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh b/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh
index 991ab4a65b..c9bedd29cb 100755
--- a/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh
+++ b/t/t6014-rev-list-all.sh
@@ -35,4 +35,8 @@ test_expect_success 'repack does not lose detached HEAD' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --graph --no-walk is forbidden' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-list --graph --no-walk HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh b/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
index f00cebff3e..d00f7db868 100755
--- a/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
+++ b/t/t6018-rev-list-glob.sh
@@ -129,6 +129,18 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-parse --remotes=foo' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --exclude with --branches' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=*/* --branches" "master someref subspace-x"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse --exclude with --all' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=refs/remotes/* --all" "--branches --tags"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-parse accumulates multiple --exclude' '
+	compare rev-parse "--exclude=refs/remotes/* --exclude=refs/tags/* --all" --branches
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'rev-list --glob=refs/heads/subspace/*' '
 
 	compare rev-list "subspace/one subspace/two" "--glob=refs/heads/subspace/*"
@@ -231,6 +243,48 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-list --remotes=foo' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --exclude with --branches' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=*/* --branches" "master someref subspace-x"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --exclude with --all' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=refs/remotes/* --all" "--branches --tags"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list accumulates multiple --exclude' '
+	compare rev-list "--exclude=refs/remotes/* --exclude=refs/tags/* --all" --branches
+'
+
+
+# "git rev-list<ENTER>" is likely to be a bug in the calling script and may
+# deserve an error message, but do cases where set of refs programatically
+# given using globbing and/or --stdin need to fail with the same error, or
+# are we better off reporting a success with no output?  The following few
+# tests document the current behaviour to remind us that we might want to
+# think about this issue.
+
+test_expect_failure 'rev-list may want to succeed with empty output on no input (1)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git rev-list --stdin <expect >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'rev-list may want to succeed with empty output on no input (2)' '
+	>expect &&
+	git rev-list --exclude=* --all >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'rev-list may want to succeed with empty output on no input (3)' '
+	(
+		test_create_repo empty &&
+		cd empty &&
+		>expect &&
+		git rev-list --all >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'shortlog accepts --glob/--tags/--remotes' '
 
 	compare shortlog "subspace/one subspace/two" --branches=subspace &&
diff --git a/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh b/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
index 39b4cb0ecd..dabebaee0b 100755
--- a/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
+++ b/t/t6019-rev-list-ancestry-path.sh
@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@ test_description='--ancestry-path'
 #
 #  D..M -- M.t                 == M
 #  --ancestry-path D..M -- M.t == M
+#
+#  F...I                 == F G H I
+#  --ancestry-path F...I == F H I
+#
+#  G..M -- G.t                 == [nothing - was dropped in "-s ours" merge L]
+#  --ancestry-path G..M -- G.t == L
+#  --ancestry-path --simplify-merges G^..M -- G.t == G L
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -63,13 +70,52 @@ test_expect_success 'rev-list D..M -- M.t' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-patch D..M -- M.t' '
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path D..M -- M.t' '
 	echo M >expect &&
 	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s D..M -- M.t |
 	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rev-list F...I' '
+	for c in F G H I; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --format=%s F...I |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path F...I' '
+	for c in F H I; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s F...I |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+# G.t is dropped in an "-s ours" merge
+test_expect_success 'rev-list G..M -- G.t' '
+	>expect &&
+	git rev-list --format=%s G..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path G..M -- G.t' '
+	echo L >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --format=%s G..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'rev-list --ancestry-path --simplify-merges G^..M -- G.t' '
+	for c in G L; do echo $c; done >expect &&
+	git rev-list --ancestry-path --simplify-merges --format=%s G^..M -- G.t |
+	sed -e "/^commit /d" |
+	sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 #   b---bc
 #  / \ /
 # a   X
diff --git a/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh b/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
index 331b9b07d4..d15b313d4b 100755
--- a/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
+++ b/t/t6021-merge-criss-cross.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Fredrik Kuivinen
 #
 
-# See http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=git&m=111463358500362&w=2 for a
+# See http://marc.info/?l=git&m=111463358500362&w=2 for a
 # nice description of what this is about.
 
 
diff --git a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
index 9d8584e957..05ebba7afa 100755
--- a/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t6022-merge-rename.sh
@@ -242,10 +242,10 @@ test_expect_success 'merge of identical changes in a renamed file' '
 	rm -f A M N &&
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout change+rename &&
-	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change | grep "^Skipped B" &&
+	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change | test_i18ngrep "^Skipped B" &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 	git checkout change &&
-	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change+rename | grep "^Skipped B"
+	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=3 git merge change+rename | test_i18ngrep "^Skipped B"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup for rename + d/f conflicts' '
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup for rename + d/f conflicts' '
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >sub/file &&
 	echo foo >dir/file-in-the-way &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	echo 11 >>sub/file &&
 	echo more >>dir/file-in-the-way &&
@@ -303,9 +303,9 @@ test_expect_success 'Rename+D/F conflict; renamed file merges but dir in way' '
 	git checkout -q renamed-file-has-no-conflicts^0 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive dir-in-way >output &&
 
-	grep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
-	grep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
-	grep "Adding as dir~HEAD instead" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Adding as dir~HEAD instead" output &&
 
 	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
 	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir/file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
@@ -325,9 +325,9 @@ test_expect_success 'Same as previous, but merged other way' '
 	test_must_fail git merge --strategy=recursive renamed-file-has-no-conflicts >output 2>errors &&
 
 	! grep "error: refusing to lose untracked file at" errors &&
-	grep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
-	grep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
-	grep "Adding as dir~renamed-file-has-no-conflicts instead" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (modify/delete): dir/file-in-the-way" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Auto-merging dir" output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Adding as dir~renamed-file-has-no-conflicts instead" output &&
 
 	test 3 -eq "$(git ls-files -u | wc -l)" &&
 	test 2 -eq "$(git ls-files -u dir/file-in-the-way | wc -l)" &&
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup both rename source and destination involved in D/F co
 	mkdir one &&
 	echo stuff >one/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv one/file destdir &&
 	git commit -m "Renamed to destdir" &&
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup pair rename to parent of other (D/F conflicts)' '
 	echo stuff >one/file &&
 	echo other >two/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf one &&
 	git mv two/file one &&
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup rename of one file to two, with directories in the wa
 
 	echo stuff >original &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	mkdir two &&
 	>two/file &&
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup rename one file to two; directories moving out of the
 	mkdir one two &&
 	touch one/file two/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git rm -rf one &&
 	git mv original one &&
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup avoid unnecessary update, normal rename' '
 
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >original &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv original rename &&
 	echo 11 >>rename &&
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup to test avoiding unnecessary update, with D/F conflic
 	mkdir df &&
 	printf "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n" >df/file &&
 	git add -A &&
-	git commit -m "Common commmit" &&
+	git commit -m "Common commit" &&
 
 	git mv df/file temp &&
 	rm -rf df &&
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup avoid unnecessary update, dir->(file,nothing)' '
 	git add -A &&
 	git commit -mA &&
 
-	git checkout -b side
+	git checkout -b side &&
 	git rm -rf df &&
 	git commit -mB &&
 
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup avoid unnecessary update, modify/delete' '
 	git add -A &&
 	git commit -mA &&
 
-	git checkout -b side
+	git checkout -b side &&
 	git rm -f file &&
 	git commit -m "Delete file" &&
 
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup avoid unnecessary update, rename/add-dest' '
 	git add -A &&
 	git commit -mA &&
 
-	git checkout -b side
+	git checkout -b side &&
 	cp file newfile &&
 	git add -A &&
 	git commit -m "Add file copy" &&
@@ -884,4 +884,20 @@ test_expect_success 'no spurious "refusing to lose untracked" message' '
 	! grep "refusing to lose untracked file" errors.txt
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not follow renames for empty files' '
+	git checkout -f -b empty-base &&
+	>empty1 &&
+	git add empty1 &&
+	git commit -m base &&
+	echo content >empty1 &&
+	git add empty1 &&
+	git commit -m fill &&
+	git checkout -b empty-topic HEAD^ &&
+	git mv empty1 empty2 &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	test_must_fail git merge empty-base &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect empty2
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6023-merge-file.sh b/t/t6023-merge-file.sh
index 432f086c06..190ee903cf 100755
--- a/t/t6023-merge-file.sh
+++ b/t/t6023-merge-file.sh
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ test_expect_success 'works in subdirectory' '
 	cp new1.txt dir/a.txt &&
 	cp orig.txt dir/o.txt &&
 	cp new2.txt dir/b.txt &&
-	( cd dir && git merge-file a.txt o.txt b.txt )
+	( cd dir && git merge-file a.txt o.txt b.txt ) &&
+	test_path_is_missing a.txt
 '
 
 cp new1.txt test.txt
@@ -77,12 +78,29 @@ test_expect_success "merge without conflict (--quiet)" \
 	"git merge-file --quiet test.txt orig.txt new2.txt"
 
 cp new1.txt test2.txt
-test_expect_success "merge without conflict (missing LF at EOF)" \
-	"git merge-file test2.txt orig.txt new2.txt"
+test_expect_failure "merge without conflict (missing LF at EOF)" \
+	"git merge-file test2.txt orig.txt new4.txt"
 
-test_expect_success "merge result added missing LF" \
+test_expect_failure "merge result added missing LF" \
 	"test_cmp test.txt test2.txt"
 
+cp new4.txt test3.txt
+test_expect_success "merge without conflict (missing LF at EOF, away from change in the other file)" \
+	"git merge-file --quiet test3.txt new2.txt new3.txt"
+
+cat > expect.txt << EOF
+DOMINUS regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+EOF
+printf "propter nomen suum." >> expect.txt
+
+test_expect_success "merge does not add LF away of change" \
+	"test_cmp test3.txt expect.txt"
+
 cp test.txt backup.txt
 test_expect_success "merge with conflicts" \
 	"test_must_fail git merge-file test.txt orig.txt new3.txt"
@@ -107,6 +125,55 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success "expected conflict markers" "test_cmp test.txt expect.txt"
 
 cp backup.txt test.txt
+
+cat > expect.txt << EOF
+Dominus regit me, et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+EOF
+test_expect_success "merge conflicting with --ours" \
+	"git merge-file --ours test.txt orig.txt new3.txt && test_cmp test.txt expect.txt"
+cp backup.txt test.txt
+
+cat > expect.txt << EOF
+DOMINUS regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+EOF
+test_expect_success "merge conflicting with --theirs" \
+	"git merge-file --theirs test.txt orig.txt new3.txt && test_cmp test.txt expect.txt"
+cp backup.txt test.txt
+
+cat > expect.txt << EOF
+Dominus regit me, et nihil mihi deerit.
+DOMINUS regit me,
+et nihil mihi deerit.
+In loco pascuae ibi me collocavit,
+super aquam refectionis educavit me;
+animam meam convertit,
+deduxit me super semitas jusitiae,
+propter nomen suum.
+Nam et si ambulavero in medio umbrae mortis,
+non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es:
+virga tua et baculus tuus ipsa me consolata sunt.
+EOF
+test_expect_success "merge conflicting with --union" \
+	"git merge-file --union test.txt orig.txt new3.txt && test_cmp test.txt expect.txt"
+cp backup.txt test.txt
+
 test_expect_success "merge with conflicts, using -L" \
 	"test_must_fail git merge-file -L 1 -L 2 test.txt orig.txt new3.txt"
 
@@ -260,4 +327,23 @@ test_expect_success 'marker size' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+printf "line1\nline2\nline3" >nolf-orig.txt
+printf "line1\nline2\nline3x" >nolf-diff1.txt
+printf "line1\nline2\nline3y" >nolf-diff2.txt
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict at EOF without LF resolved by --ours' \
+	'git merge-file -p --ours nolf-diff1.txt nolf-orig.txt nolf-diff2.txt >output.txt &&
+	 printf "line1\nline2\nline3x" >expect.txt &&
+	 test_cmp expect.txt output.txt'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict at EOF without LF resolved by --theirs' \
+	'git merge-file -p --theirs nolf-diff1.txt nolf-orig.txt nolf-diff2.txt >output.txt &&
+	 printf "line1\nline2\nline3y" >expect.txt &&
+	 test_cmp expect.txt output.txt'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict at EOF without LF resolved by --union' \
+	'git merge-file -p --union nolf-diff1.txt nolf-orig.txt nolf-diff2.txt >output.txt &&
+	 printf "line1\nline2\nline3x\nline3y" >expect.txt &&
+	 test_cmp expect.txt output.txt'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh b/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh
index 5e439972be..3c21938a68 100755
--- a/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh
+++ b/t/t6026-merge-attr.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	for f in text binary union
 	do
-		echo Initial >$f && git add $f || break
+		echo Initial >$f && git add $f || return 1
 	done &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m Initial &&
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git branch side &&
 	for f in text binary union
 	do
-		echo Master >>$f && git add $f || break
+		echo Master >>$f && git add $f || return 1
 	done &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m Master &&
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	git checkout side &&
 	for f in text binary union
 	do
-		echo Side >>$f && git add $f || break
+		echo Side >>$f && git add $f || return 1
 	done &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m Side &&
diff --git a/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh b/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh
index a91644e3b2..7763c1ba98 100755
--- a/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh
+++ b/t/t6028-merge-up-to-date.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,12 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m second &&
 	git tag c1 &&
-	git branch test
+	git branch test &&
+	echo third >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third &&
+	git tag c2
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge -s recursive up-to-date' '
@@ -74,4 +79,14 @@ test_expect_success 'merge -s subtree up-to-date' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge fast-forward octopus' '
+
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git merge c1 c2 &&
+	expect=$(git rev-parse c2) &&
+	current=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	test "$expect" = "$current"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
index 691e4a4481..06b4868109 100755
--- a/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
+++ b/t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh
@@ -52,15 +52,8 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect starts with only one bad' '
 test_expect_success 'bisect does not start with only one good' '
 	git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start &&
-	git bisect good $HASH1 || return 1
-
-	if git bisect next
-	then
-		echo Oops, should have failed.
-		false
-	else
-		:
-	fi
+	git bisect good $HASH1 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect next
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'bisect start with one bad and good' '
@@ -164,7 +157,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect start: existing ".git/BISECT_START" not modified if
 	cp .git/BISECT_START saved &&
 	test_must_fail git bisect start $HASH4 foo -- &&
 	git branch > branch.output &&
-	test_i18ngrep "* (no branch)" branch.output > /dev/null &&
+	test_i18ngrep "* (no branch, bisect started on other)" branch.output > /dev/null &&
 	test_cmp saved .git/BISECT_START
 '
 test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if mistaken rev' '
@@ -190,35 +183,28 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect start: no ".git/BISECT_START" if checkout error' '
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3
 # but $HASH2 is bad,
 # so we should find $HASH2 as the first bad commit
-test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successfull result' '
+test_expect_success 'bisect skip: successful result' '
+	test_when_finished git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
 	git bisect skip &&
 	git bisect bad > my_bisect_log.txt &&
-	grep "$HASH2 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt &&
-	git bisect reset
+	grep "$HASH2 is the first bad commit" my_bisect_log.txt
 '
 
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3 and $HASH2
 # so we should not be able to tell the first bad commit
 # among $HASH2, $HASH3 and $HASH4
 test_expect_success 'bisect skip: cannot tell between 3 commits' '
+	test_when_finished git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
-	git bisect skip || return 1
-
-	if git bisect skip > my_bisect_log.txt
-	then
-		echo Oops, should have failed.
-		false
-	else
-		test $? -eq 2 &&
-		grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		git bisect reset
-	fi
+	git bisect skip &&
+	test_expect_code 2 git bisect skip >my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt
 '
 
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is bad, we skip $HASH3
@@ -226,22 +212,15 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect skip: cannot tell between 3 commits' '
 # so we should not be able to tell the first bad commit
 # among $HASH3 and $HASH4
 test_expect_success 'bisect skip: cannot tell between 2 commits' '
+	test_when_finished git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH1 &&
-	git bisect skip || return 1
-
-	if git bisect good > my_bisect_log.txt
-	then
-		echo Oops, should have failed.
-		false
-	else
-		test $? -eq 2 &&
-		grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		! grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		git bisect reset
-	fi
+	git bisect skip &&
+	test_expect_code 2 git bisect good >my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	! grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt
 '
 
 # $HASH1 is good, $HASH4 is both skipped and bad, we skip $HASH3
@@ -249,24 +228,18 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect skip: cannot tell between 2 commits' '
 # so we should not be able to tell the first bad commit
 # among $HASH3 and $HASH4
 test_expect_success 'bisect skip: with commit both bad and skipped' '
+	test_when_finished git bisect reset &&
 	git bisect start &&
 	git bisect skip &&
 	git bisect bad &&
 	git bisect good $HASH1 &&
 	git bisect skip &&
-	if git bisect good > my_bisect_log.txt
-	then
-		echo Oops, should have failed.
-		false
-	else
-		test $? -eq 2 &&
-		grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		! grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt &&
-		git bisect reset
-	fi
+	test_expect_code 2 git bisect good >my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep "first bad commit could be any of" my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	! grep $HASH1 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	! grep $HASH2 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH3 my_bisect_log.txt &&
+	grep $HASH4 my_bisect_log.txt
 '
 
 # We want to automatically find the commit that
@@ -480,7 +453,7 @@ test_expect_success 'many merge bases creation' '
 	git merge -m "merge HASH7 and SIDE_HASH7" "$HASH7" &&
 	B_HASH=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	git merge-base --all "$A_HASH" "$B_HASH" > merge_bases.txt &&
-	test $(wc -l < merge_bases.txt) = "2" &&
+	test_line_count = 2 merge_bases.txt &&
 	grep "$HASH5" merge_bases.txt &&
 	grep "$SIDE_HASH5" merge_bases.txt
 '
@@ -601,8 +574,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test bisection on bare repo - --no-checkout specified' '
 		git bisect bad $HASH4 &&
 		git bisect run eval \
 			"test \$(git rev-list BISECT_HEAD ^$HASH2 --max-count=1 | wc -l) = 0" \
-			>../nocheckout.log &&
-		git bisect reset
+			>../nocheckout.log
 	) &&
 	grep "$HASH3 is the first bad commit" nocheckout.log
 '
@@ -617,8 +589,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test bisection on bare repo - --no-checkout defaulted' '
 		git bisect bad $HASH4 &&
 		git bisect run eval \
 			"test \$(git rev-list BISECT_HEAD ^$HASH2 --max-count=1 | wc -l) = 0" \
-			>../defaulted.log &&
-		git bisect reset
+			>../defaulted.log
 	) &&
 	grep "$HASH3 is the first bad commit" defaulted.log
 '
@@ -642,14 +613,14 @@ test_expect_success 'broken branch creation' '
 	mkdir missing &&
 	:> missing/MISSING &&
 	git add missing/MISSING &&
-	git commit -m "6(broken): Added file that will be deleted"
+	git commit -m "6(broken): Added file that will be deleted" &&
 	git tag BROKEN_HASH6 &&
 	add_line_into_file "7(broken): second line on a broken branch" hello2 &&
 	git tag BROKEN_HASH7 &&
 	add_line_into_file "8(broken): third line on a broken branch" hello2 &&
 	git tag BROKEN_HASH8 &&
 	git rm missing/MISSING &&
-	git commit -m "9(broken): Remove missing file"
+	git commit -m "9(broken): Remove missing file" &&
 	git tag BROKEN_HASH9 &&
 	rm .git/objects/39/f7e61a724187ab767d2e08442d9b6b9dab587d
 '
@@ -676,9 +647,7 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect fails if tree is broken on trial commit' '
 check_same()
 {
 	echo "Checking $1 is the same as $2" &&
-	git rev-parse "$1" > expected.same &&
-	git rev-parse "$2" > expected.actual &&
-	test_cmp expected.same expected.actual
+	test_cmp_rev "$1" "$2"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'bisect: --no-checkout - start commit bad' '
@@ -743,4 +712,51 @@ test_expect_success 'bisect: demonstrate identification of damage boundary' "
 	git bisect reset
 "
 
+cat > expected.bisect-log <<EOF
+# bad: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# good: [7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f] Add <2: A new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect start '32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c' '7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f'
+# good: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect good 3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c
+# first bad commit: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect log: successfull result' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH2 &&
+	git bisect good &&
+	git bisect log >bisect-log.txt &&
+	test_cmp expected.bisect-log bisect-log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+cat > expected.bisect-skip-log <<EOF
+# bad: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# good: [7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f] Add <2: A new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect start '32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c' '7b7f204a749c3125d5224ed61ea2ae1187ad046f'
+# skip: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+git bisect skip 3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c
+# only skipped commits left to test
+# possible first bad commit: [32a594a3fdac2d57cf6d02987e30eec68511498c] Add <4: Ciao for now> into <hello>.
+# possible first bad commit: [3de952f2416b6084f557ec417709eac740c6818c] Add <3: Another new day for git> into <hello>.
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'bisect log: only skip commits left' '
+	git bisect reset &&
+	git bisect start $HASH4 $HASH2 &&
+	test_must_fail git bisect skip &&
+	git bisect log >bisect-skip-log.txt &&
+	test_cmp expected.bisect-skip-log bisect-skip-log.txt &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git bisect bad HEAD" behaves as "git bisect bad"' '
+	git checkout parallel &&
+	git bisect start HEAD $HASH1 &&
+	git bisect good HEAD &&
+	git bisect bad HEAD &&
+	test "$HASH6" = $(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git bisect reset
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6031-merge-recursive.sh b/t/t6031-merge-recursive.sh
index 1cd649e245..6464a16a19 100755
--- a/t/t6031-merge-recursive.sh
+++ b/t/t6031-merge-recursive.sh
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 test_description='merge-recursive: handle file mode'
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'mode change in one branch: keep changed version' '
 	: >file1 &&
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@ test_expect_success 'mode change in one branch: keep changed version' '
 	git commit -m a &&
 	git checkout -b b1 master &&
 	test_chmod +x file1 &&
+	git add file1 &&
 	git commit -m b1 &&
 	git checkout a1 &&
 	git merge-recursive master -- a1 b1 &&
diff --git a/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh b/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
index 94f010be8a..0f79268917 100755
--- a/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
+++ b/t/t6032-merge-large-rename.sh
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ make_text() {
 
 test_rename() {
 	test_expect_success "rename ($1, $2)" '
-	n='$1'
-	expect='$2'
+	n='$1' &&
+	expect='$2' &&
 	git checkout -f master &&
-	git branch -D test$n || true &&
+	test_might_fail git branch -D test$n &&
 	git reset --hard initial &&
 	for i in $(count $n); do
 		make_text $i initial initial >$i
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup large simple rename' '
 test_expect_success 'massive simple rename does not spam added files' '
 	sane_unset GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY &&
 	git merge --no-stat simple-rename | grep -v Removing >output &&
-	test 5 -gt "$(wc -l < output)"
+	test_line_count -lt 5 output
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh b/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
index 65be95fbaa..89871aa5b0 100755
--- a/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
+++ b/t/t6034-merge-rename-nocruft.sh
@@ -73,33 +73,12 @@ test_expect_success 'merge white into red (A->B,M->N)' \
 '
 	git checkout -b red-white red &&
 	git merge white &&
-	git write-tree >/dev/null || {
-		echo "BAD: merge did not complete"
-		return 1
-	}
-
-	test -f B || {
-		echo "BAD: B does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f N || {
-		echo "BAD: N does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f R || {
-		echo "BAD: R does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-
-	test -f A && {
-		echo "BAD: A still exists in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f M && {
-		echo "BAD: M still exists in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	return 0
+	git write-tree &&
+	test_path_is_file B &&
+	test_path_is_file N &&
+	test_path_is_file R &&
+	test_path_is_missing A &&
+	test_path_is_missing M
 '
 
 # This test broke in 8371234ecaaf6e14fe3f2082a855eff1bbd79ae9
@@ -108,32 +87,13 @@ test_expect_success 'merge blue into white (A->B, mod A, A untracked)' \
 	git checkout -b white-blue white &&
 	echo dirty >A &&
 	git merge blue &&
-	git write-tree >/dev/null || {
-		echo "BAD: merge did not complete"
-		return 1
-	}
-
-	test -f A || {
-		echo "BAD: A does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test `cat A` = dirty || {
-		echo "BAD: A content is wrong"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f B || {
-		echo "BAD: B does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f N || {
-		echo "BAD: N does not exist in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	test -f M && {
-		echo "BAD: M still exists in working directory"
-		return 1
-	}
-	return 0
+	git write-tree &&
+	test_path_is_file A &&
+	echo dirty >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect A &&
+	test_path_is_file B &&
+	test_path_is_file N &&
+	test_path_is_missing M
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh b/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
index 2599ae50eb..9324ea4416 100755
--- a/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
+++ b/t/t6035-merge-dir-to-symlink.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 test_description='merging when a directory was replaced with a symlink'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink' '
 	mkdir -p a/b/c a/b-2/c &&
 	> a/b/c/d &&
 	> a/b-2/c/d &&
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create a commit where dir a/b changed to symlink'
 	git commit -m base &&
 	git tag start &&
 	rm -rf a/b &&
-	ln -s b-2 a/b &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add b-2 a/b &&
 	git commit -m "dir to symlink"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout does not clobber untracked symlink' '
 	test_must_fail git checkout start^0
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
+test_expect_success 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	git rm --cached a/b &&
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2/c/d is kept when clobbering symlink b' '
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'checkout should not have deleted a/b-2/c/d' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout should not have deleted a/b-2/c/d' '
 	git checkout HEAD^0 &&
 	git reset --hard master &&
 	 git checkout start^0 &&
 	 test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup for merge test' '
+test_expect_success 'setup for merge test' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d &&
 	echo x > a/x &&
@@ -50,39 +50,51 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup for merge test' '
 	git tag baseline
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve master &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle D/F conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive master &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Handle F/D conflict, do not lose a/b-2/c/d in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout master^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b &&
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	>a/b/c/e &&
@@ -91,7 +103,7 @@ test_expect_failure SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (resolve)' '
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	>a/b/c/e &&
@@ -100,52 +112,61 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose untracked in merge (recursive)' '
 	test -f a/b-2/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose modifications in merge (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose modifications in merge (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	echo more content >>a/b/c/d &&
 	test_must_fail git merge -s resolve master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'do not lose modifications in merge (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success 'do not lose modifications in merge (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	echo more content >>a/b/c/d &&
 	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive master
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup a merge where dir a/b-2 changed to symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'setup a merge where dir a/b-2 changed to symlink' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout start^0 &&
 	rm -rf a/b-2 &&
-	ln -s b a/b-2 &&
 	git add -A &&
+	test_ln_s_add b a/b-2 &&
 	git commit -m "dir a/b-2 to symlink" &&
 	git tag test2
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (resolve)' '
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (resolve)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s resolve test2 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have D/F conflicts (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout baseline^0 &&
 	git merge -s recursive test2 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'merge should not have F/D conflicts (recursive)' '
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge should not have F/D conflicts (recursive)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout -b foo test2 &&
 	git merge -s recursive baseline^0 &&
-	test -h a/b-2 &&
 	test -f a/b/c/d
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'a/b-2 was resolved as symlink' '
+	test -h a/b-2
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh b/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
index dfee7d159b..9d6621c056 100755
--- a/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t6036-recursive-corner-cases.sh
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup criss-cross + rename merges with basic modification'
 	rm -rf .git &&
 	git init &&
 
-	ten="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"
+	ten="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9" &&
 	for i in $ten
 	do
 		echo line $i in a sample file
@@ -195,12 +195,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git detects differently handled merges conflict' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git checkout D^0 &&
 
-	git merge -s recursive E^0 && {
-		echo "BAD: should have conflicted"
-		test "Incorrectly merged content" = "$(cat new_a)" &&
-			echo "BAD: Silently accepted wrong content"
-		return 1
-	}
+	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive E^0 &&
 
 	test 3 = $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
 	test 3 = $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
@@ -388,7 +383,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'git detects conflict w/ criss-cross+contrived resolution' '
 
 #
 # criss-cross + d/f conflict via add/add:
-#   Commit A: Neither file 'a' nor directory 'a/' exist.
+#   Commit A: Neither file 'a' nor directory 'a/' exists.
 #   Commit B: Introduce 'a'
 #   Commit C: Introduce 'a/file'
 #   Commit D: Merge B & C, keeping 'a' and deleting 'a/'
@@ -533,7 +528,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge of E2 & D fails but has appropriate contents' '
 
 	test $(git rev-parse :3:a) = $(git rev-parse B:a) &&
 	test $(git rev-parse :2:a/file) = $(git rev-parse E2:a/file) &&
-	test $(git rev-parse :1:a/file) = $(git rev-parse C:a/file)
+	test $(git rev-parse :1:a/file) = $(git rev-parse C:a/file) &&
 	test $(git rev-parse :0:ignore-me) = $(git rev-parse A:ignore-me) &&
 
 	test -f a~D^0
diff --git a/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh b/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
index 2cf42c73f1..3889eca4ae 100755
--- a/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
+++ b/t/t6037-merge-ours-theirs.sh
@@ -53,7 +53,19 @@ test_expect_success 'recursive favouring ours' '
 	! grep 1 file
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'pull with -X' '
+test_expect_success 'binary file with -Xours/-Xtheirs' '
+	echo file binary >.gitattributes &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git merge -s recursive -X theirs side &&
+	git diff --exit-code side HEAD -- file &&
+
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git merge -s recursive -X ours side &&
+	git diff --exit-code master HEAD -- file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull passes -X to underlying merge' '
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -Xours . side &&
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -X ours . side &&
 	git reset --hard master && git pull -s recursive -Xtheirs . side &&
diff --git a/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh b/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
index d9c2d386dd..85c10b0940 100755
--- a/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
+++ b/t/t6038-merge-text-auto.sh
@@ -72,6 +72,10 @@ test_expect_success 'Merge after setting text=auto' '
 	same line
 	EOF
 
+	if test_have_prereq NATIVE_CRLF; then
+		append_cr <expected >expected.temp &&
+		mv expected.temp expected
+	fi &&
 	git config merge.renormalize true &&
 	git rm -fr . &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes &&
@@ -86,6 +90,10 @@ test_expect_success 'Merge addition of text=auto' '
 	same line
 	EOF
 
+	if test_have_prereq NATIVE_CRLF; then
+		append_cr <expected >expected.temp &&
+		mv expected.temp expected
+	fi &&
 	git config merge.renormalize true &&
 	git rm -fr . &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes &&
@@ -95,16 +103,19 @@ test_expect_success 'Merge addition of text=auto' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Detect CRLF/LF conflict after setting text=auto' '
-	q_to_cr <<-\EOF >expected &&
-	<<<<<<<
-	first line
-	same line
-	=======
-	first lineQ
-	same lineQ
-	>>>>>>>
-	EOF
-
+	echo "<<<<<<<" >expected &&
+	if test_have_prereq NATIVE_CRLF; then
+		echo first line | append_cr >>expected &&
+		echo same line | append_cr >>expected &&
+		echo ======= | append_cr >>expected
+	else
+		echo first line >>expected &&
+		echo same line >>expected &&
+		echo ======= >>expected
+	fi &&
+	echo first line | append_cr >>expected &&
+	echo same line | append_cr >>expected &&
+	echo ">>>>>>>" >>expected &&
 	git config merge.renormalize false &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes &&
 	git reset --hard a &&
@@ -114,16 +125,19 @@ test_expect_success 'Detect CRLF/LF conflict after setting text=auto' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Detect LF/CRLF conflict from addition of text=auto' '
-	q_to_cr <<-\EOF >expected &&
-	<<<<<<<
-	first lineQ
-	same lineQ
-	=======
-	first line
-	same line
-	>>>>>>>
-	EOF
-
+	echo "<<<<<<<" >expected &&
+	echo first line | append_cr >>expected &&
+	echo same line | append_cr >>expected &&
+	if test_have_prereq NATIVE_CRLF; then
+		echo ======= | append_cr >>expected &&
+		echo first line | append_cr >>expected &&
+		echo same line | append_cr >>expected
+	else
+		echo ======= >>expected &&
+		echo first line >>expected &&
+		echo same line >>expected
+	fi &&
+	echo ">>>>>>>" >>expected &&
 	git config merge.renormalize false &&
 	rm -f .gitattributes &&
 	git reset --hard b &&
diff --git a/t/t6039-merge-ignorecase.sh b/t/t6039-merge-ignorecase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..531850d834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6039-merge-ignorecase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-merge with case-changing rename on case-insensitive file system'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+then
+	skip_all='skipping case insensitive tests - case sensitive file system'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'merge with case-changing rename' '
+	test $(git config core.ignorecase) = true &&
+	>TestCase &&
+	git add TestCase &&
+	git commit -m "add TestCase" &&
+	git tag baseline &&
+	git checkout -b with-camel &&
+	>foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "intervening commit" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git rm TestCase &&
+	>testcase &&
+	git add testcase &&
+	git commit -m "rename to testcase" &&
+	git checkout with-camel &&
+	git merge master -m "merge" &&
+	test_path_is_file testcase
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge with case-changing rename on both sides' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	git reset --hard baseline &&
+	git branch -D with-camel &&
+	git checkout -b with-camel &&
+	git mv TestCase testcase &&
+	git commit -m "recase on branch" &&
+	>foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	git commit -m "intervening commit" &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git rm TestCase &&
+	>testcase &&
+	git add testcase &&
+	git commit -m "rename to testcase" &&
+	git checkout with-camel &&
+	git merge master -m "merge" &&
+	test_path_is_file testcase
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
index 19272bc551..3d5c238c81 100755
--- a/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
+++ b/t/t6040-tracking-info.sh
@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ advance () {
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	for i in a b c;
-	do
-		advance $i || break
-	done &&
+	advance a &&
+	advance b &&
+	advance c &&
 	git clone . test &&
 	(
 		cd test &&
@@ -28,18 +27,25 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 		git checkout -b b4 origin &&
 		advance e &&
-		advance f
+		advance f &&
+		git checkout -b brokenbase origin &&
+		git checkout -b b5 --track brokenbase &&
+		advance g &&
+		git branch -d brokenbase &&
+		git checkout -b b6 origin
 	) &&
 	git checkout -b follower --track master &&
-	advance g
+	advance h
 '
 
-script='s/^..\(b.\)[	 0-9a-f]*\[\([^]]*\)\].*/\1 \2/p'
+script='s/^..\(b.\) *[0-9a-f]* \(.*\)$/\1 \2/p'
 cat >expect <<\EOF
-b1 ahead 1, behind 1
-b2 ahead 1, behind 1
-b3 behind 1
-b4 ahead 2
+b1 [ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b2 [ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b3 [behind 1] b
+b4 [ahead 2] f
+b5 g
+b6 c
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -v' '
@@ -52,10 +58,12 @@ test_expect_success 'branch -v' '
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
-b1 origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1
-b2 origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1
-b3 origin/master: behind 1
-b4 origin/master: ahead 2
+b1 [origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b2 [origin/master: ahead 1, behind 1] d
+b3 [origin/master: behind 1] b
+b4 [origin/master: ahead 2] f
+b5 [brokenbase: gone] g
+b6 [origin/master] c
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'branch -vv' '
@@ -67,34 +75,108 @@ test_expect_success 'branch -vv' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'checkout' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout (diverged from upstream)' '
 	(
 		cd test && git checkout b1
 	) >actual &&
-	grep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout with local tracked branch' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git checkout follower >actual &&
-	grep "is ahead of" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "is ahead of" actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'status' '
+test_expect_success 'checkout (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "is based on .*, but the upstream is gone." actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test && git checkout b6
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Your branch is up-to-date with .origin/master" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (diverged from upstream)' '
 	(
 		cd test &&
 		git checkout b1 >/dev/null &&
 		# reports nothing to commit
 		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
 	) >actual &&
-	grep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
+	test_i18ngrep "have 1 and 1 different" actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5 >/dev/null &&
+		# reports nothing to commit
+		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "is based on .*, but the upstream is gone." actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b6 >/dev/null &&
+		# reports nothing to commit
+		test_must_fail git commit --dry-run
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Your branch is up-to-date with .origin/master" actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b1...origin/master [ahead 1, behind 1]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (diverged from upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b1 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b5...brokenbase [gone]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (upstream is gone)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b5 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+## b6...origin/master
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status -s -b (up-to-date with upstream)' '
+	(
+		cd test &&
+		git checkout b6 >/dev/null &&
+		git status -s -b | head -1
+	) >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'fail to track lightweight tags' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git tag light &&
 	test_must_fail git branch --track lighttrack light >actual &&
-	test_must_fail grep "set up to track" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "set up to track" actual &&
 	test_must_fail git checkout lighttrack
 '
 
@@ -102,7 +184,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fail to track annotated tags' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git tag -m heavy heavy &&
 	test_must_fail git branch --track heavytrack heavy >actual &&
-	test_must_fail grep "set up to track" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "set up to track" actual &&
 	test_must_fail git checkout heavytrack
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t6041-bisect-submodule.sh b/t/t6041-bisect-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c6b7aa6977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6041-bisect-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='bisect can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+git_bisect () {
+	git status -su >expect &&
+	ls -1pR * >>expect &&
+	tar czf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/tmp.tgz" * &&
+	GOOD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git checkout "$1" &&
+	echo "foo" >bar &&
+	git add bar &&
+	git commit -m "bisect bad" &&
+	BAD=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^^ &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect good $GOOD &&
+	rm -rf * &&
+	tar xzf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/tmp.tgz" &&
+	git status -su >actual &&
+	ls -1pR * >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git bisect bad $BAD
+}
+
+test_submodule_switch "git_bisect"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh b/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
index 32591f9413..411550d2b6 100755
--- a/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t6042-merge-rename-corner-cases.sh
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'conflict caused if rename not detected' '
 	test 0 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
 	test 0 -eq $(git ls-files -o | wc -l) &&
 
-	test 6 -eq $(wc -l < c) &&
+	test_line_count = 6 c &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD:a) = $(git rev-parse B:a) &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD:b) = $(git rev-parse A:b)
 '
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ test_expect_success 'handle rename/rename (2to1) conflict correctly' '
 	git checkout B^0 &&
 
 	test_must_fail git merge -s recursive C^0 >out &&
-	grep "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" out &&
+	test_i18ngrep "CONFLICT (rename/rename)" out &&
 
 	test 2 -eq $(git ls-files -s | wc -l) &&
 	test 2 -eq $(git ls-files -u | wc -l) &&
diff --git a/t/t6050-replace.sh b/t/t6050-replace.sh
index 5c87f28e4e..4d5a25eedf 100755
--- a/t/t6050-replace.sh
+++ b/t/t6050-replace.sh
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@ test_description='Tests replace refs functionality'
 exec </dev/null
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
 
-add_and_commit_file()
+add_and_commit_file ()
 {
     _file="$1"
     _msg="$2"
@@ -18,6 +19,38 @@ add_and_commit_file()
     git commit --quiet -m "$_file: $_msg"
 }
 
+commit_buffer_contains_parents ()
+{
+    git cat-file commit "$1" >payload &&
+    sed -n -e '/^$/q' -e '/^parent /p' <payload >actual &&
+    shift &&
+    for _parent
+    do
+	echo "parent $_parent"
+    done >expected &&
+    test_cmp expected actual
+}
+
+commit_peeling_shows_parents ()
+{
+    _parent_number=1
+    _commit="$1"
+    shift &&
+    for _parent
+    do
+	_found=$(git rev-parse --verify $_commit^$_parent_number) || return 1
+	test "$_found" = "$_parent" || return 1
+	_parent_number=$(( $_parent_number + 1 ))
+    done &&
+    test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify $_commit^$_parent_number
+}
+
+commit_has_parents ()
+{
+    commit_buffer_contains_parents "$@" &&
+    commit_peeling_shows_parents "$@"
+}
+
 HASH1=
 HASH2=
 HASH3=
@@ -27,36 +60,36 @@ HASH6=
 HASH7=
 
 test_expect_success 'set up buggy branch' '
-     echo "line 1" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 2" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 3" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 4" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 1" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 2" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 3" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 4" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "4 lines" &&
      HASH1=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     echo "line BUG" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 6" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 7" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 8" >> hello &&
+     echo "line BUG" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 6" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 7" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 8" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "4 more lines with a BUG" &&
      HASH2=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     echo "line 9" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 10" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 9" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 10" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "2 more lines" &&
      HASH3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     echo "line 11" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 11" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "1 more line" &&
      HASH4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     sed -e "s/BUG/5/" hello > hello.new &&
+     sed -e "s/BUG/5/" hello >hello.new &&
      mv hello.new hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "BUG fixed" &&
      HASH5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     echo "line 12" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 13" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 12" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 13" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "2 more lines" &&
      HASH6=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
-     echo "line 14" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 15" >> hello &&
-     echo "line 16" >> hello &&
+     echo "line 14" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 15" >>hello &&
+     echo "line 16" >>hello &&
      add_and_commit_file hello "again 3 more lines" &&
      HASH7=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 '
@@ -95,7 +128,7 @@ test_expect_success 'tag replaced commit' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git fsck" works' '
-     git fsck master > fsck_master.out &&
+     git fsck master >fsck_master.out &&
      grep "dangling commit $R" fsck_master.out &&
      grep "dangling tag $(cat .git/refs/tags/mytag)" fsck_master.out &&
      test -z "$(git fsck)"
@@ -122,9 +155,9 @@ test_expect_success '"git replace" listing and deleting' '
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace -l)" &&
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)" &&
      aa=${HASH2%??????????????????????????????????????} &&
-     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace -l "$aa*")" &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace --list "$aa*")" &&
      test_must_fail git replace -d $R &&
-     test_must_fail git replace -d &&
+     test_must_fail git replace --delete &&
      test_must_fail git replace -l -d $HASH2 &&
      git replace -d $HASH2 &&
      git show $HASH2 | grep "A U Thor" &&
@@ -140,6 +173,17 @@ test_expect_success '"git replace" replacing' '
      test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)"
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git replace" resolves sha1' '
+     SHORTHASH2=$(git rev-parse --short=8 $HASH2) &&
+     git replace -d $SHORTHASH2 &&
+     git replace $SHORTHASH2 $R &&
+     git show $HASH2 | grep "O Thor" &&
+     test_must_fail git replace $HASH2 $R &&
+     git replace -f $HASH2 $R &&
+     test_must_fail git replace --force &&
+     test "$HASH2" = "$(git replace)"
+'
+
 # This creates a side branch where the bug in H2
 # does not appear because P2 is created by applying
 # H2 and squashing H5 into it.
@@ -206,14 +250,14 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch branch with replacement' '
      (
 	  cd clone_dir &&
 	  git fetch origin refs/heads/tofetch:refs/heads/parallel3 &&
-	  git log --pretty=oneline parallel3 > output.txt &&
+	  git log --pretty=oneline parallel3 >output.txt &&
 	  ! grep $PARA3 output.txt &&
-	  git show $PARA3 > para3.txt &&
+	  git show $PARA3 >para3.txt &&
 	  grep "A U Thor" para3.txt &&
 	  git fetch origin "refs/replace/*:refs/replace/*" &&
-	  git log --pretty=oneline parallel3 > output.txt &&
+	  git log --pretty=oneline parallel3 >output.txt &&
 	  grep $PARA3 output.txt &&
-	  git show $PARA3 > para3.txt &&
+	  git show $PARA3 >para3.txt &&
 	  grep "O Thor" para3.txt
      )
 '
@@ -252,4 +296,148 @@ test_expect_success 'not just commits' '
 	test_cmp file.replaced file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'replaced and replacement objects must be of the same type' '
+	test_must_fail git replace mytag $HASH1 &&
+	test_must_fail git replace HEAD^{tree} HEAD~1 &&
+	BLOB=$(git rev-parse :file) &&
+	test_must_fail git replace HEAD^ $BLOB
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-f option bypasses the type check' '
+	git replace -f mytag $HASH1 &&
+	git replace --force HEAD^{tree} HEAD~1 &&
+	git replace -f HEAD^ $BLOB
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git cat-file --batch works on replace objects' '
+	git replace | grep $PARA3 &&
+	echo $PARA3 | git cat-file --batch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --format bogus' '
+	test_must_fail git replace --format bogus >/dev/null 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --format short' '
+	git replace --format=short >actual &&
+	git replace >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --format medium' '
+	H1=$(git --no-replace-objects rev-parse HEAD~1) &&
+	HT=$(git --no-replace-objects rev-parse HEAD^{tree}) &&
+	MYTAG=$(git --no-replace-objects rev-parse mytag) &&
+	{
+		echo "$H1 -> $BLOB" &&
+		echo "$BLOB -> $REPLACED" &&
+		echo "$HT -> $H1" &&
+		echo "$PARA3 -> $S" &&
+		echo "$MYTAG -> $HASH1"
+	} | sort >expected &&
+	git replace -l --format medium | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'test --format long' '
+	{
+		echo "$H1 (commit) -> $BLOB (blob)" &&
+		echo "$BLOB (blob) -> $REPLACED (blob)" &&
+		echo "$HT (tree) -> $H1 (commit)" &&
+		echo "$PARA3 (commit) -> $S (commit)" &&
+		echo "$MYTAG (tag) -> $HASH1 (commit)"
+	} | sort >expected &&
+	git replace --format=long | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a fake editor' '
+	write_script fakeeditor <<-\EOF
+		sed -e "s/A U Thor/A fake Thor/" "$1" >"$1.new"
+		mv "$1.new" "$1"
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--edit with and without already replaced object' '
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git replace --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git replace --force --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	git replace -l | grep "$PARA3" &&
+	git cat-file commit "$PARA3" | grep "A fake Thor" &&
+	git replace -d "$PARA3" &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git replace --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	git replace -l | grep "$PARA3" &&
+	git cat-file commit "$PARA3" | grep "A fake Thor"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--edit and change nothing or command failed' '
+	git replace -d "$PARA3" &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR=true git replace --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR="./fakeeditor;false" git replace --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git replace --edit "$PARA3" &&
+	git replace -l | grep "$PARA3" &&
+	git cat-file commit "$PARA3" | grep "A fake Thor"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'replace ref cleanup' '
+	test -n "$(git replace)" &&
+	git replace -d $(git replace) &&
+	test -z "$(git replace)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--graft with and without already replaced object' '
+	test $(git log --oneline | wc -l) = 7 &&
+	git replace --graft $HASH5 &&
+	test $(git log --oneline | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	commit_has_parents $HASH5 &&
+	test_must_fail git replace --graft $HASH5 $HASH4 $HASH3 &&
+	git replace --force -g $HASH5 $HASH4 $HASH3 &&
+	commit_has_parents $HASH5 $HASH4 $HASH3 &&
+	git replace -d $HASH5
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'set up a signed commit' '
+	echo "line 17" >>hello &&
+	echo "line 18" >>hello &&
+	git add hello &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit --quiet -S -m "hello: 2 more lines in a signed commit" &&
+	HASH8=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git verify-commit $HASH8
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG '--graft with a signed commit' '
+	git cat-file commit $HASH8 >orig &&
+	git replace --graft $HASH8 &&
+	git cat-file commit $HASH8 >repl &&
+	commit_has_parents $HASH8 &&
+	test_must_fail git verify-commit $HASH8 &&
+	sed -n -e "/^tree /p" -e "/^author /p" -e "/^committer /p" orig >expected &&
+	echo >>expected &&
+	sed -e "/^$/q" repl >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git replace -d $HASH8
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'set up a merge commit with a mergetag' '
+	git reset --hard HEAD &&
+	git checkout -b test_branch HEAD~2 &&
+	echo "line 1 from test branch" >>hello &&
+	echo "line 2 from test branch" >>hello &&
+	git add hello &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "hello: 2 more lines from a test branch" &&
+	HASH9=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git tag -s -m "tag for testing with a mergetag" test_tag HEAD &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge -s ours test_tag &&
+	HASH10=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	git cat-file commit $HASH10 | grep "^mergetag object"
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG '--graft on a commit with a mergetag' '
+	test_must_fail git replace --graft $HASH10 $HASH8^1 &&
+	git replace --graft $HASH10 $HASH8^1 $HASH9 &&
+	git replace -d $HASH10
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
index e673c25e94..10b1452766 100755
--- a/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
+++ b/t/t6101-rev-parse-parents.sh
@@ -6,39 +6,100 @@
 test_description='Test git rev-parse with different parent options'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-t6000.sh # t6xxx specific functions
-
-date >path0
-git update-index --add path0
-save_tag tree git write-tree
-hide_error save_tag start unique_commit "start" tree
-save_tag second unique_commit "second" tree -p start
-hide_error save_tag start2 unique_commit "start2" tree
-save_tag two_parents unique_commit "next" tree -p second -p start2
-save_tag final unique_commit "final" tree -p two_parents
-
-test_expect_success 'start is valid' 'git rev-parse start | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\}$"'
-test_expect_success 'start^0' "test $(cat .git/refs/tags/start) = $(git rev-parse start^0)"
-test_expect_success 'start^1 not valid' "if git rev-parse --verify start^1; then false; else :; fi"
-test_expect_success 'second^1 = second^' "test $(git rev-parse second^1) = $(git rev-parse second^)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1' "test $(git rev-parse start) = $(git rev-parse final^1^1^1)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1 = final^^^' "test $(git rev-parse final^1^1^1) = $(git rev-parse final^^^)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^2' "test $(git rev-parse start2) = $(git rev-parse final^1^2)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^2 != final^1^1' "test $(git rev-parse final^1^2) != $(git rev-parse final^1^1)"
-test_expect_success 'final^1^3 not valid' "if git rev-parse --verify final^1^3; then false; else :; fi"
-test_expect_success '--verify start2^1' 'test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start2^1'
-test_expect_success '--verify start2^0' 'git rev-parse --verify start2^0'
-test_expect_success 'final^1^@ = final^1^1 final^1^2' "test \"$(git rev-parse final^1^@)\" = \"$(git rev-parse final^1^1 final^1^2)\""
-test_expect_success 'final^1^! = final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2' "test \"$(git rev-parse final^1^\!)\" = \"$(git rev-parse final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2)\""
-
-test_expect_success 'repack for next test' 'git repack -a -d'
+
+test_cmp_rev_output () {
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect &&
+	eval "$2" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	test_commit start &&
+	test_commit second &&
+	git checkout --orphan tmp &&
+	test_commit start2 &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git merge -m next start2 &&
+	test_commit final &&
+
+	test_seq 40 |
+	while read i
+	do
+		git checkout --orphan "b$i" &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "$i" &&
+		commit=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+		printf "$commit " >>.git/info/grafts
+	done
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start is valid' '
+	git rev-parse start | grep "^[0-9a-f]\{40\}$"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start^0' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output tags/start "git rev-parse start^0"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'start^1 not valid' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start^1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'second^1 = second^' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output second^ "git rev-parse second^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output start "git rev-parse final^1^1^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^1^1 = final^^^' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output final^^^ "git rev-parse final^1^1^1"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^2' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output start2 "git rev-parse final^1^2"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^2 != final^1^1' '
+	test $(git rev-parse final^1^2) != $(git rev-parse final^1^1)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^3 not valid' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify final^1^3
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--verify start2^1' '
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify start2^1
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--verify start2^0' '
+	git rev-parse --verify start2^0
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^@ = final^1^1 final^1^2' '
+	git rev-parse final^1^1 final^1^2 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse final^1^@ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'final^1^! = final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2' '
+	git rev-parse final^1 ^final^1^1 ^final^1^2 >expect &&
+	git rev-parse final^1^! >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'large graft octopus' '
+	test_cmp_rev_output b31 "git rev-parse --verify b1^30"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repack for next test' '
+	git repack -a -d
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'short SHA-1 works' '
-	start=`git rev-parse --verify start` &&
-	echo $start &&
-	abbrv=`echo $start | sed s/.\$//` &&
-	echo $abbrv &&
-	abbrv=`git rev-parse --verify $abbrv` &&
-	echo $abbrv &&
-	test $start = $abbrv'
+	start=$(git rev-parse --verify start) &&
+	test_cmp_rev_output start "git rev-parse ${start%?}"
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh b/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..32474c23d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6111-rev-list-treesame.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+#        ,---E--.   *H----------.             * marks !TREESAME parent paths
+#       /        \ /             \*
+# *A--*B---D--*F-*G---------K-*L-*M
+#   \     /*       \       /
+#    `-C-'          `-*I-*J
+#
+# A creates "file", B and F change it.
+# Odd merge G takes the old version from B.
+# I changes it, but J reverts it, so K is TREESAME to both parents.
+# H and L both change "file", and M merges those changes.
+
+test_description='TREESAME and limiting'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+note () {
+	git tag "$1"
+}
+
+unnote () {
+	git name-rev --tags --stdin | sed -e "s|$_x40 (tags/\([^)]*\))\([ 	]\)|\1\2|g"
+}
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	test_commit "Initial file" file "Hi there" A &&
+	git branch other-branch &&
+
+	test_commit "file=Hello" file "Hello" B &&
+	git branch third-branch &&
+
+	git checkout other-branch &&
+	test_commit "Added other" other "Hello" C &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_merge D other-branch &&
+
+	git checkout third-branch &&
+	test_commit "Third file" third "Nothing" E &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit "file=Blah" file "Blah" F &&
+
+	test_tick && git merge --no-commit third-branch &&
+	git checkout third-branch file &&
+	git commit &&
+	note G &&
+	git branch fiddler-branch &&
+
+	git checkout -b part2-branch &&
+	test_commit "file=Part 2" file "Part 2" H &&
+
+	git checkout fiddler-branch &&
+	test_commit "Bad commit" file "Silly" I &&
+
+	test_tick && git revert I && note J &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_tick && git merge --no-ff fiddler-branch &&
+	note K &&
+
+	test_commit "file=Part 1" file "Part 1" L &&
+
+	test_tick && test_must_fail git merge part2-branch &&
+	test_commit M file "Parts 1+2"
+'
+
+check_outcome () {
+	outcome=$1
+	shift
+
+	case "$1" in
+	*"("*)
+		FMT="%P	%H | %s"
+		munge_actual="
+			s/^\([^	]*\)	\([^ ]*\) .*/(\1)\2/
+			s/ //g
+			s/()//
+		"
+		;;
+	*)
+		FMT="%H | %s"
+		munge_actual="s/^\([^ ]*\) .*/\1/"
+		;;
+	esac &&
+	printf "%s\n" $1 >expect &&
+	shift
+
+	param="$*" &&
+	test_expect_$outcome "log $param" '
+		git log --format="$FMT" $param |
+		unnote >actual &&
+		sed -e "$munge_actual" <actual >check &&
+		test_cmp expect check
+	'
+}
+
+check_result () {
+	check_outcome success "$@"
+}
+
+# Odd merge G drops a change in F. Important that G is listed in all
+# except the most basic list. Achieving this means normal merge D will also be
+# shown in normal full-history, as we can't distinguish unless we do a
+# simplification pass. After simplification, D is dropped but G remains.
+# Also, merge simplification of G should not drop the parent B that the default
+# simple history follows.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G F E D C B A'
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FE)G (D)F (B)E (BC)D (A)C (A)B A'
+check_result 'M H L K J I G E F D C B A' --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H B A' -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (B)L (B)H (A)B A' --parents -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H G F D B A' --full-history -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FB)G (D)F (BA)D (A)B A' --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FB)G (B)F (A)B A' --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K G F D B A' --first-parent
+check_result 'M L G F B A' --first-parent -- file
+
+# Check that odd merge G remains shown when F is the bottom.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G E' F..M
+check_result 'M H L K J I G E' F..M --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H' F..M -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (B)L (B)H' --parents F..M -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H G' F..M --full-history -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FB)G' F..M --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FB)G' F..M --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H G' F..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H G' F..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (GJ)K (I)J (G)I (G)H (FE)G' F..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)H (J)L (I)J (G)I (FE)G' F..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K G' F..M --first-parent
+check_result 'M L G' F..M --first-parent -- file
+
+# Note that G is pruned when E is the bottom, even if it's the same commit list
+# If we want history since E, then we're quite happy to ignore G that took E.
+check_result 'M L K J I H G' E..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H' E..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (K)L (EJ)K (I)J (E)I (E)H' E..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (E)H (J)L (I)J (E)I' E..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+
+# Should still be able to ignore I-J branch in simple log, despite limiting
+# to G.
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M
+check_result 'M H L K J I' G..M --topo-order
+check_result 'M L H' G..M -- file
+check_result '(LH)M (G)L (G)H' G..M --parents -- file
+check_result 'M L J I H' G..M --full-history -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result 'M H L J I' G..M --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --ancestry-path
+check_result 'M L J I H' G..M --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'M L K J I H' G..M --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'M H L J I' G..M --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+
+# B..F should be able to simplify the merge D from irrelevant side branch C.
+# Default log should also be free to follow B-D, and ignore C.
+# But --full-history shouldn't drop D on its own - without simplification,
+# we can't decide if the merge from INTERESTING commit C was sensible.
+check_result 'F D C' B..F
+check_result 'F' B..F -- file
+check_result '(B)F' B..F --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --full-history -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BA)D' B..F --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(B)F' B..F --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --ancestry-path
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'F' B..F --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' B..F --first-parent
+check_result 'F' B..F --first-parent -- file
+
+# E...F should be equivalent to E F ^B, and be able to drop D as above.
+check_result 'F' E F ^B -- file # includes D
+check_result 'F' E...F -- file # includes D
+
+# Any sort of full history of C..F should show D, as it's the connection to C,
+# and it differs from it.
+check_result 'F D B' C..F
+check_result 'F B' C..F -- file
+check_result '(B)F (A)B' C..F --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D B' C..F --full-history -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BC)D (A)B' C..F --full-history --parents -- file
+check_result '(D)F (BC)D (A)B' C..F --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path --parents -- file
+check_result 'F D' C..F --ancestry-path --simplify-merges -- file
+check_result 'F D B' C..F --first-parent
+check_result 'F B' C..F --first-parent -- file
+
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6120-describe.sh b/t/t6120-describe.sh
index f67aa6ff6a..c0e5b2a627 100755
--- a/t/t6120-describe.sh
+++ b/t/t6120-describe.sh
@@ -110,6 +110,9 @@ check_describe tags/e --all HEAD^^^
 check_describe B-0-* --long HEAD^^2^
 check_describe A-3-* --long HEAD^^2
 
+check_describe c-7-* --tags
+check_describe e-3-* --first-parent --tags
+
 : >err.expect
 check_describe A --all A^0
 test_expect_success 'no warning was displayed for A' '
@@ -171,4 +174,28 @@ check_describe "test2-lightweight-*" --tags --match="test2-*"
 
 check_describe "test2-lightweight-*" --long --tags --match="test2-*" HEAD^
 
+test_expect_success 'name-rev with exact tags' '
+	echo A >expect &&
+	tag_object=$(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) &&
+	git name-rev --tags --name-only $tag_object >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tagged_commit=$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/A^0") &&
+	git name-rev --tags --name-only $tagged_commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'describe --contains with the exact tags' '
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tag_object=$(git rev-parse refs/tags/A) &&
+	git describe --contains $tag_object >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	echo "A^0" >expect &&
+	tagged_commit=$(git rev-parse "refs/tags/A^0") &&
+	git describe --contains $tagged_commit >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh b/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..658353277e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6130-pathspec-noglob.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test globbing (and noglob) of pathspec limiting'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits with glob characters' '
+	test_commit unrelated bar &&
+	test_commit vanilla foo &&
+	# insert file "f*" in the commit, but in a way that avoids
+	# the name "f*" in the worktree, because it is not allowed
+	# on Windows (the tests below do not depend on the presence
+	# of the file in the worktree)
+	git update-index --add --cacheinfo 100644 "$(git rev-parse HEAD:foo)" "f*" &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m star &&
+	test_commit bracket "f[o][o]"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'vanilla pathspec matches literally' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- foo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'star pathspec globs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	star
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'star pathspec globs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	star
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracket pathspec globs and matches literal brackets' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- "f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'bracket pathspec globs and matches literal brackets' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	bracket
+	vanilla
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (vanilla)' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- foo >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (vanilla)' '
+	echo vanilla >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)foo" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (star)' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (star)' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (bracket)' '
+	echo bracket >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option matches literally (bracket)' '
+	echo bracket >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(literal)f[o][o]" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob option disables :(literal)' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --literal-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(literal)foo" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'no-glob environment variable works' '
+	echo star >expect &&
+	GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log --format=%s -- "f*" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'blame takes global pathspec flags' '
+	git --literal-pathspecs blame -- foo &&
+	git --icase-pathspecs   blame -- foo &&
+	git --glob-pathspecs    blame -- foo &&
+	git --noglob-pathspecs  blame -- foo
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup xxx/bar' '
+	mkdir xxx &&
+	test_commit xxx xxx/bar
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with :(glob)' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(glob)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ does not work with --noglob-pathspecs' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --noglob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with :(glob) and --noglob-pathspecs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git --noglob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(glob)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ works with --glob-pathspecs' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	xxx
+	unrelated
+	EOF
+	git --glob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- "**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '**/ does not work with :(literal) and --glob-pathspecs' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git --glob-pathspecs log --format=%s -- ":(literal)**/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh b/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..39fc3f6769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6131-pathspec-icase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test case insensitive pathspec limiting'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if test_have_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS
+then
+	skip_all='skipping case sensitive tests - case insensitive file system'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'create commits with glob characters' '
+	test_commit bar bar &&
+	test_commit bAr bAr &&
+	test_commit BAR BAR &&
+	mkdir foo &&
+	test_commit foo/bar foo/bar &&
+	test_commit foo/bAr foo/bAr &&
+	test_commit foo/BAR foo/BAR &&
+	mkdir fOo &&
+	test_commit fOo/bar fOo/bar &&
+	test_commit fOo/bAr fOo/bAr &&
+	test_commit fOo/BAR fOo/BAR &&
+	mkdir FOO &&
+	test_commit FOO/bar FOO/bar &&
+	test_commit FOO/bAr FOO/bAr &&
+	test_commit FOO/BAR FOO/BAR
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches bar' '
+	echo bar >expect &&
+	git log --format=%s -- "bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	BAR
+	bAr
+	bar
+	EOF
+	git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar with prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tree_entry_interesting matches :(icase)bar with empty prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	FOO/BAR
+	FOO/bAr
+	FOO/bar
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	foo/BAR
+	foo/bAr
+	foo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git log --format=%s -- ":(icase)../foo/bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec matches :(icase)bar' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	BAR
+	bAr
+	bar
+	EOF
+	git ls-files ":(icase)bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec matches :(icase)bar with prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git ls-files --full-name ":(icase)bar" ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'match_pathspec matches :(icase)bar with empty prefix' '
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+	bar
+	fOo/BAR
+	fOo/bAr
+	fOo/bar
+	EOF
+	( cd fOo && git ls-files --full-name ":(icase)bar" ../bar ) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git diff" can take magic :(icase) pathspec' '
+	echo FOO/BAR >expect &&
+	git diff --name-only HEAD^ HEAD -- ":(icase)foo/bar" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6132-pathspec-exclude.sh b/t/t6132-pathspec-exclude.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e1e1b1fa38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6132-pathspec-exclude.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='test case exclude pathspec'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	for p in file sub/file sub/sub/file sub/file2 sub/sub/sub/file sub2/file; do
+		if echo $p | grep /; then
+			mkdir -p `dirname $p`
+		fi &&
+		: >$p &&
+		git add $p &&
+		git commit -m $p
+	done &&
+	git log --oneline --format=%s >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/sub/file
+sub/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'exclude only should error out' '
+	test_must_fail git log --oneline --format=%s -- ":(exclude)sub"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude sub' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":(exclude)sub" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude sub/sub/file' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":(exclude)sub/sub/file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude sub using mnemonic' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":!sub" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude :(icase)SUB' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":(exclude,icase)SUB" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude sub2 from sub' '
+	(
+	cd sub &&
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- :/ ":/!sub2" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/sub/file
+sub/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude sub/*file' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":(exclude)sub/*file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+sub/file2
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 't_e_i() exclude :(glob)sub/*/file' '
+	git log --oneline --format=%s -- . ":(exclude,glob)sub/*/file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+sub2/file
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/file
+file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude sub' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":(exclude)sub" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude sub/sub/file' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":(exclude)sub/sub/file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude sub using mnemonic' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":!sub" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude :(icase)SUB' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":(exclude,icase)SUB" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude sub2 from sub' '
+	(
+	cd sub &&
+	git ls-files -- :/ ":/!sub2" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+../file
+file
+file2
+sub/file
+sub/sub/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude sub/*file' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":(exclude)sub/*file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub/file2
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'm_p_d() exclude :(glob)sub/*/file' '
+	git ls-files -- . ":(exclude,glob)sub/*/file" >actual &&
+	cat <<EOF >expect &&
+file
+sub/file
+sub/file2
+sub/sub/sub/file
+sub2/file
+EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
index 9a16806921..2e2fb0e957 100755
--- a/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
+++ b/t/t6200-fmt-merge-msg.sh
@@ -35,15 +35,18 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 
 	echo "l3" >two &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -a -m "Left #3" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Another Committer" \
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Another Author" git commit -a -m "Left #3" &&
 
 	echo "l4" >two &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -a -m "Left #4" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Another Committer" \
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Another Author" git commit -a -m "Left #4" &&
 
 	echo "l5" >two &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -a -m "Left #5" &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_NAME="Another Committer" \
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="Another Author" git commit -a -m "Left #5" &&
 	git tag tag-l5 &&
 
 	git checkout right &&
@@ -99,6 +102,8 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -107,8 +112,8 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	git config merge.log true &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -116,8 +121,8 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual1 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary true &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -129,11 +134,6 @@ test_expect_success '[merge] summary/log configuration' '
 	test_cmp expected actual2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: clear [merge] configuration' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'setup FETCH_HEAD' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -144,6 +144,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge.log=3 limits shortlog length' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left: (5 commits)
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -159,6 +161,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge.log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -171,8 +175,26 @@ test_expect_success 'merge.log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--log=5 with custom comment character' '
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
+
+	x By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	x Via Another Committer
+	* left:
+	  Left #5
+	  Left #4
+	  Left #3
+	  Common #2
+	  Common #1
+	EOF
+
+	git -c core.commentchar="x" fmt-merge-msg --log=5 <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge.log=0 disables shortlog' '
-	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected
+	echo "Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}" >expected &&
 	git -c merge.log=0 fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
@@ -181,6 +203,8 @@ test_expect_success '--log=3 limits shortlog length' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left: (5 commits)
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -196,6 +220,8 @@ test_expect_success '--log=5 shows all 5 commits' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 	Merge branch ${apos}left${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -225,6 +251,8 @@ test_expect_success 'fmt-merge-msg -m' '
 	cat >expected.log <<-EOF &&
 	Sync with left
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* ${apos}left${apos} of $(pwd):
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -233,14 +261,14 @@ test_expect_success 'fmt-merge-msg -m' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset merge.log &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset merge.summary &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	git fetch "$(pwd)" left &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg -m "Sync with left" <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --log -m "Sync with left" \
 					<.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual.log &&
-	git config merge.log true &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg -m "Sync with left" \
 					<.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual.log-config &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg --no-log -m "Sync with left" \
@@ -256,6 +284,8 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: expected shortlog for two branches' '
 	cat >expected <<-EOF
 	Merge branches ${apos}left${apos} and ${apos}right${apos}
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -273,29 +303,29 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: expected shortlog for two branches' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'shortlog for two branches' '
-	git config merge.log true &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual1 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary true &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary true &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual2 &&
 
-	git config merge.log yes &&
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.summary &&
+	test_config merge.log yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.summary &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
 	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual3 &&
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -308,8 +338,8 @@ test_expect_success 'shortlog for two branches' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -318,8 +348,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F in subdirectory' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . left right &&
@@ -333,8 +363,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg -F in subdirectory' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge-msg with nothing to merge' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	>empty &&
 
@@ -359,8 +389,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg tag' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -379,6 +409,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg two tags' '
 	  Common #2
 	  Common #1
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* tag ${apos}tag-l5${apos}:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -387,8 +419,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg two tags' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -407,6 +439,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg tag and branch' '
 	  Common #2
 	  Common #1
 
+	# By Another Author (3) and A U Thor (2)
+	# Via Another Committer
 	* left:
 	  Left #5
 	  Left #4
@@ -415,8 +449,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg tag and branch' '
 	  Common #1
 	EOF
 
-	test_might_fail git config --unset-all merge.log &&
-	git config merge.summary yes &&
+	test_unconfig merge.log &&
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
@@ -443,6 +477,8 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg lots of commits' '
 		echo "  ..."
 	} >expected &&
 
+	test_config merge.summary yes &&
+
 	git checkout master &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git fetch . long &&
@@ -451,4 +487,43 @@ test_expect_success 'merge-msg lots of commits' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'merge-msg with "merging" an annotated tag' '
+	test_config merge.log true &&
+
+	git checkout master^0 &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m "One step ahead" &&
+	git tag -a -m "An annotated one" annote HEAD &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git fetch . annote &&
+
+	git fmt-merge-msg <.git/FETCH_HEAD >actual &&
+	{
+		cat <<-\EOF
+		Merge tag '\''annote'\''
+
+		An annotated one
+
+		* tag '\''annote'\'':
+		  One step ahead
+		EOF
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	annote=$(git rev-parse annote) &&
+	git merge --no-commit $annote &&
+	{
+		cat <<-EOF
+		Merge tag '\''$annote'\''
+
+		An annotated one
+
+		* tag '\''$annote'\'':
+		  One step ahead
+		EOF
+	} >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected .git/MERGE_MSG
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
index 172178490a..c66bf7981c 100755
--- a/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
+++ b/t/t6300-for-each-ref.sh
@@ -18,16 +18,13 @@ setdate_and_increment () {
     export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
 }
 
-test_expect_success 'Create sample commit with known timestamp' '
+test_expect_success setup '
 	setdate_and_increment &&
 	echo "Using $datestamp" > one &&
 	git add one &&
 	git commit -m "Initial" &&
 	setdate_and_increment &&
-	git tag -a -m "Tagging at $datestamp" testtag
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'Create upstream config' '
+	git tag -a -m "Tagging at $datestamp" testtag &&
 	git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/master master &&
 	git remote add origin nowhere &&
 	git config branch.master.remote origin &&
@@ -52,12 +49,14 @@ test_atom head refname refs/heads/master
 test_atom head upstream refs/remotes/origin/master
 test_atom head objecttype commit
 test_atom head objectsize 171
-test_atom head objectname 67a36f10722846e891fbada1ba48ed035de75581
-test_atom head tree 0e51c00fcb93dffc755546f27593d511e1bdb46f
+test_atom head objectname $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master)
+test_atom head tree $(git rev-parse refs/heads/master^{tree})
 test_atom head parent ''
 test_atom head numparent 0
 test_atom head object ''
 test_atom head type ''
+test_atom head '*objectname' ''
+test_atom head '*objecttype' ''
 test_atom head author 'A U Thor <author@example.com> 1151939924 +0200'
 test_atom head authorname 'A U Thor'
 test_atom head authoremail '<author@example.com>'
@@ -80,17 +79,20 @@ test_atom head contents:body ''
 test_atom head contents:signature ''
 test_atom head contents 'Initial
 '
+test_atom head HEAD '*'
 
 test_atom tag refname refs/tags/testtag
 test_atom tag upstream ''
 test_atom tag objecttype tag
 test_atom tag objectsize 154
-test_atom tag objectname 98b46b1d36e5b07909de1b3886224e3e81e87322
+test_atom tag objectname $(git rev-parse refs/tags/testtag)
 test_atom tag tree ''
 test_atom tag parent ''
 test_atom tag numparent ''
-test_atom tag object '67a36f10722846e891fbada1ba48ed035de75581'
+test_atom tag object $(git rev-parse refs/tags/testtag^0)
 test_atom tag type 'commit'
+test_atom tag '*objectname' '67a36f10722846e891fbada1ba48ed035de75581'
+test_atom tag '*objecttype' 'commit'
 test_atom tag author ''
 test_atom tag authorname ''
 test_atom tag authoremail ''
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@ test_atom tag contents:body ''
 test_atom tag contents:signature ''
 test_atom tag contents 'Tagging at 1151939927
 '
+test_atom tag HEAD ' '
 
 test_expect_success 'Check invalid atoms names are errors' '
 	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(INVALID)" refs/heads
@@ -304,8 +307,48 @@ test_expect_success 'Check short upstream format' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup for upstream:track[short]' '
+	test_commit two
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+[ahead 1]
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check upstream:track format' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(upstream:track)" refs/heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 cat >expected <<EOF
-67a36f1
+>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check upstream:trackshort format' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(upstream:trackshort)" refs/heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check that :track[short] cannot be used with other atoms' '
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:track)" 2>/dev/null &&
+	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:trackshort)" 2>/dev/null
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Check that :track[short] works when upstream is invalid' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+
+	EOF
+	test_when_finished "git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/master" &&
+	git config branch.master.merge refs/heads/does-not-exist &&
+	git for-each-ref \
+		--format="%(upstream:track)$LF%(upstream:trackshort)" \
+		refs/heads >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'Check short objectname format' '
@@ -317,6 +360,23 @@ test_expect_success 'Check for invalid refname format' '
 	test_must_fail git for-each-ref --format="%(refname:INVALID)"
 '
 
+get_color ()
+{
+	git config --get-color no.such.slot "$1"
+}
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+$(git rev-parse --short refs/heads/master) $(get_color green)master$(get_color reset)
+$(git rev-parse --short refs/remotes/origin/master) $(get_color green)origin/master$(get_color reset)
+$(git rev-parse --short refs/tags/testtag) $(get_color green)testtag$(get_color reset)
+$(git rev-parse --short refs/tags/two) $(get_color green)two$(get_color reset)
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Check %(color:...) ' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname:short) %(color:green)%(refname:short)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 cat >expected <<\EOF
 heads/master
 tags/master
@@ -456,4 +516,14 @@ test_atom refs/tags/signed-long contents "subject line
 body contents
 $sig"
 
+cat >expected <<EOF
+$(git rev-parse refs/tags/master) <committer@example.com> refs/tags/master
+$(git rev-parse refs/tags/bogo) <committer@example.com> refs/tags/bogo
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'Verify sort with multiple keys' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(objectname) %(taggeremail) %(refname)" --sort=objectname --sort=taggeremail \
+		refs/tags/bogo refs/tags/master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6500-gc.sh b/t/t6500-gc.sh
index 82f3639937..63194d819e 100755
--- a/t/t6500-gc.sh
+++ b/t/t6500-gc.sh
@@ -9,9 +9,14 @@ test_expect_success 'gc empty repository' '
 	git gc
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'gc does not leave behind pid file' '
+	git gc &&
+	test_path_is_missing .git/gc.pid
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'gc --gobbledegook' '
 	test_expect_code 129 git gc --nonsense 2>err &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git gc" err
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git gc" err
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'gc -h with invalid configuration' '
@@ -22,7 +27,7 @@ test_expect_success 'gc -h with invalid configuration' '
 		echo "[gc] pruneexpire = CORRUPT" >>.git/config &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git gc -h >usage 2>&1
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage" broken/usage
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh b/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..157f3f91db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t6501-freshen-objects.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# This test covers the handling of objects which might have old
+# mtimes in the filesystem (because they were used previously)
+# and are just now becoming referenced again.
+#
+# We're going to do two things that are a little bit "fake" to
+# help make our simulation easier:
+#
+#   1. We'll turn off reflogs. You can still run into
+#      problems with reflogs on, but your objects
+#      don't get pruned until both the reflog expiration
+#      has passed on their references, _and_ they are out
+#      of prune's expiration period. Dropping reflogs
+#      means we only have to deal with one variable in our tests,
+#      but the results generalize.
+#
+#   2. We'll use a temporary index file to create our
+#      works-in-progress. Most workflows would mention
+#      referenced objects in the index, which prune takes
+#      into account. However, many operations don't. For
+#      example, a partial commit with "git commit foo"
+#      will use a temporary index. Or they may not need
+#      an index at all (e.g., creating a new commit
+#      to refer to an existing tree).
+
+test_description='check pruning of dependent objects'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# We care about reachability, so we do not want to use
+# the normal test_commit, which creates extra tags.
+add () {
+	echo "$1" >"$1" &&
+	git add "$1"
+}
+commit () {
+	test_tick &&
+	add "$1" &&
+	git commit -m "$1"
+}
+
+maybe_repack () {
+	if test -n "$repack"; then
+		git repack -ad
+	fi
+}
+
+for repack in '' true; do
+	title=${repack:+repack}
+	title=${title:-loose}
+
+	test_expect_success "make repo completely empty ($title)" '
+		rm -rf .git &&
+		git init
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "disable reflogs ($title)" '
+		git config core.logallrefupdates false &&
+		rm -rf .git/logs
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "setup basic history ($title)" '
+		commit base
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "create and abandon some objects ($title)" '
+		git checkout -b experiment &&
+		commit abandon &&
+		maybe_repack &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git branch -D experiment
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "simulate time passing ($title)" '
+		find .git/objects -type f |
+		xargs test-chmtime -v -86400
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "start writing new commit with old blob ($title)" '
+		tree=$(
+			GIT_INDEX_FILE=index.tmp &&
+			export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+			git read-tree HEAD &&
+			add unrelated &&
+			add abandon &&
+			git write-tree
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "simultaneous gc ($title)" '
+		git gc --prune=12.hours.ago
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "finish writing out commit ($title)" '
+		commit=$(echo foo | git commit-tree -p HEAD $tree) &&
+		git update-ref HEAD $commit
+	'
+
+	# "abandon" blob should have been rescued by reference from new tree
+	test_expect_success "repository passes fsck ($title)" '
+		git fsck
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "abandon objects again ($title)" '
+		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+		find .git/objects -type f |
+		xargs test-chmtime -v -86400
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "start writing new commit with same tree ($title)" '
+		tree=$(
+			GIT_INDEX_FILE=index.tmp &&
+			export GIT_INDEX_FILE &&
+			git read-tree HEAD &&
+			add abandon &&
+			add unrelated &&
+			git write-tree
+		)
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "simultaneous gc ($title)" '
+		git gc --prune=12.hours.ago
+	'
+
+	# tree should have been refreshed by write-tree
+	test_expect_success "finish writing out commit ($title)" '
+		commit=$(echo foo | git commit-tree -p HEAD $tree) &&
+		git update-ref HEAD $commit
+	'
+done
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7001-mv.sh b/t/t7001-mv.sh
index a845b154e4..7b56081137 100755
--- a/t/t7001-mv.sh
+++ b/t/t7001-mv.sh
@@ -70,6 +70,35 @@ test_expect_success \
 rm -f idontexist untracked1 untracked2 \
      path0/idontexist path0/untracked1 path0/untracked2 \
      .git/index.lock
+rmdir path1
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving to absent target with trailing slash' \
+    'test_must_fail git mv path0/COPYING no-such-dir/ &&
+     test_must_fail git mv path0/COPYING no-such-dir// &&
+     git mv path0/ no-such-dir/ &&
+     test_path_is_dir no-such-dir'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'clean up' \
+    'git reset --hard'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving to existing untracked target with trailing slash' \
+    'mkdir path1 &&
+     git mv path0/ path1/ &&
+     test_path_is_dir path1/path0/'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'moving to existing tracked target with trailing slash' \
+    'mkdir path2 &&
+     >path2/file && git add path2/file &&
+     git mv path1/path0/ path2/ &&
+     test_path_is_dir path2/path0/'
+
+test_expect_success \
+    'clean up' \
+    'git reset --hard'
 
 test_expect_success \
     'adding another file' \
@@ -132,10 +161,7 @@ test_expect_success "Michael Cassar's test case" '
 	git mv papers/unsorted/Thesis.pdf papers/all-papers/moo-blah.pdf &&
 
 	T=`git write-tree` &&
-	git ls-tree -r $T | grep partA/outline.txt || {
-		git ls-tree -r $T
-		(exit 1)
-	}
+	git ls-tree -r $T | verbose grep partA/outline.txt
 '
 
 rm -fr papers partA path?
@@ -218,13 +244,13 @@ test_expect_success 'git mv should not change sha1 of moved cache entry' '
 
 rm -f dirty dirty2
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
+test_expect_success 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
 
 	rm -fr .git &&
 	git init &&
 	echo 1 >moved &&
-	ln -s moved symlink &&
-	git add moved symlink &&
+	test_ln_s_add moved symlink &&
+	git add moved &&
 	test_must_fail git mv moved symlink &&
 	git mv -f moved symlink &&
 	! test -e moved &&
@@ -237,22 +263,216 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite symlink to a file' '
 
 rm -f moved symlink
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'git mv should overwrite file with a symlink' '
+test_expect_success 'git mv should overwrite file with a symlink' '
 
 	rm -fr .git &&
 	git init &&
 	echo 1 >moved &&
-	ln -s moved symlink &&
-	git add moved symlink &&
+	test_ln_s_add moved symlink &&
+	git add moved &&
 	test_must_fail git mv symlink moved &&
 	git mv -f symlink moved &&
 	! test -e symlink &&
-	test -h moved &&
 	git update-index --refresh &&
 	git diff-files --quiet
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'check moved symlink' '
+
+	test -h moved
+'
+
 rm -f moved symlink
 
+test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule add ./. sub &&
+	echo content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "added sub and file" &&
+	git branch submodule
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv cannot move a submodule in a file' '
+	test_must_fail git mv sub file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with a .git directory and no .gitmodules' '
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		rm -f .git &&
+		cp -R -P -p ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with a .git directory and .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		rm -f .git &&
+		cp -R -P -p ../.git/modules/sub .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	echo mod/sub >expected &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git mv moves a submodule with gitfile' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	(
+		cd mod &&
+		git mv ../sub/ .
+	) &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	echo mod/sub >expected &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv does not complain when no .gitmodules file is found' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git rm .gitmodules &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv will error out on a modified .gitmodules file unless staged' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules foo.bar true &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	test_must_fail git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test -s actual.err &&
+	test -e sub &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	! test -s actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv issues a warning when section is not found in .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sub &&
+	git add .gitmodules &&
+	entry="$(git ls-files --stage sub | cut -f 1)" &&
+	echo "warning: Could not find section in .gitmodules where path=sub" >expect.err &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect.err actual.err &&
+	! test -e sub &&
+	[ "$entry" = "$(git ls-files --stage mod/sub | cut -f 1)" ] &&
+	(
+		cd mod/sub &&
+		git status
+	) &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv --dry-run does not touch the submodule or .gitmodules' '
+	rm -rf mod &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	mkdir mod &&
+	git mv -n sub mod/sub 2>actual.err &&
+	test -f sub/.git &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code HEAD &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- sub .gitmodules
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checking out a commit before submodule moved needs manual updates' '
+	git mv sub sub2 &&
+	git commit -m "moved sub to sub2" &&
+	git checkout -q HEAD^ 2>actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^warning: unable to rmdir sub2:" actual &&
+	git status -s sub2 >actual &&
+	echo "?? sub2/" >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	! test -f sub/.git &&
+	test -f sub2/.git &&
+	git submodule update &&
+	test -f sub/.git &&
+	rm -rf sub2 &&
+	git diff-index --exit-code HEAD &&
+	git update-index --refresh &&
+	git diff-files --quiet -- sub .gitmodules &&
+	git status -s sub2 >actual &&
+	! test -s actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mv -k does not accidentally destroy submodules' '
+	git checkout submodule &&
+	mkdir dummy dest &&
+	git mv -k dummy sub dest &&
+	git status --porcelain >actual &&
+	grep "^R  sub -> dest/sub" actual &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout .
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
index e0227730de..66643e4bd7 100755
--- a/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t7003-filter-branch.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ test_description='git filter-branch'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	test_commit A &&
-	test_commit B &&
+	GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="@0 +0000" GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="@0 +0000" &&
+	test_commit --notick B &&
 	git checkout -b branch B &&
 	test_commit D &&
 	mkdir dir &&
@@ -63,6 +64,20 @@ test_expect_success 'correct GIT_DIR while using -d' '
 	grep drepo "$TRASHDIR/backup-refs"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'tree-filter works with -d' '
+	git init drepo-tree &&
+	(
+		cd drepo-tree &&
+		test_commit one &&
+		git filter-branch -d "$TRASHDIR/dfoo" \
+			--tree-filter "echo changed >one.t" &&
+		echo changed >expect &&
+		git cat-file blob HEAD:one.t >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		test_cmp one.t actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'Fail if commit filter fails' '
 	test_must_fail git filter-branch -f --commit-filter "exit 1" HEAD
 '
@@ -166,10 +181,11 @@ test_expect_success 'author information is preserved' '
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="B V Uips" git commit -m bvuips &&
 	git branch preserved-author &&
-	git filter-branch -f --msg-filter "cat; \
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	 git filter-branch -f --msg-filter "cat; \
 			test \$GIT_COMMIT != $(git rev-parse master) || \
 			echo Hallo" \
-		preserved-author &&
+		preserved-author) &&
 	test 1 = $(git rev-list --author="B V Uips" preserved-author | wc -l)
 '
 
@@ -292,6 +308,17 @@ test_expect_success 'Prune empty commits' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'prune empty collapsed merges' '
+	test_config merge.ff false &&
+	git rev-list HEAD >expect &&
+	test_commit to_remove_2 &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	test_merge non-ff to_remove_2 &&
+	git filter-branch -f --index-filter "git update-index --remove to_remove_2.t" --prune-empty HEAD &&
+	git rev-list HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success '--remap-to-ancestor with filename filters' '
 	git checkout master &&
 	git reset --hard A &&
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index f8c247a750..fa207f3b8c 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -104,6 +104,18 @@ test_expect_success 'creating a tag using HEAD directly should succeed' '
 	tag_exists myhead
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--force can create a tag with the name of one existing' '
+	tag_exists mytag &&
+	git tag --force mytag &&
+	tag_exists mytag'
+
+test_expect_success '--force is moot with a non-existing tag name' '
+	git tag newtag >expect &&
+	git tag --force forcetag >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+git tag -d newtag forcetag
+
 # deleting tags:
 
 test_expect_success 'trying to delete an unknown tag should fail' '
@@ -263,6 +275,50 @@ test_expect_success 'tag -l can accept multiple patterns' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'listing tags in column' '
+	COLUMNS=40 git tag -l --column=row >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+a1      aa1     cba     t210    t211
+v0.2.1  v1.0    v1.0.1  v1.1.3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing tags in column with column.*' '
+	git config column.tag row &&
+	git config column.ui dense &&
+	COLUMNS=40 git tag -l >actual &&
+	git config --unset column.ui &&
+	git config --unset column.tag &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+a1      aa1   cba     t210    t211
+v0.2.1  v1.0  v1.0.1  v1.1.3
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing tag with -n --column should fail' '
+	test_must_fail git tag --column -n
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'listing tags -n in column with column.ui ignored' '
+	git config column.ui "row dense" &&
+	COLUMNS=40 git tag -l -n >actual &&
+	git config --unset column.ui &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+a1              Foo
+aa1             Foo
+cba             Foo
+t210            Foo
+t211            Foo
+v0.2.1          Foo
+v1.0            Foo
+v1.0.1          Foo
+v1.1.3          Foo
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 # creating and verifying lightweight tags:
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -1022,12 +1078,12 @@ test_expect_success GPG \
 '
 
 # usage with rfc1991 signatures
-echo "rfc1991" > gpghome/gpg.conf
 get_tag_header rfc1991-signed-tag $commit commit $time >expect
 echo "RFC1991 signed tag" >>expect
 echo '-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----' >>expect
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'creating a signed tag with rfc1991' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	git tag -s -m "RFC1991 signed tag" rfc1991-signed-tag $commit &&
 	get_tag_msg rfc1991-signed-tag >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
@@ -1039,20 +1095,23 @@ cp "$1" actual
 EOF
 chmod +x fakeeditor
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'reediting a signed tag body omits signature' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	echo "RFC1991 signed tag" >expect &&
 	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git tag -f -s rfc1991-signed-tag $commit &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'verifying rfc1991 signature' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	git tag -v rfc1991-signed-tag
 '
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'list tag with rfc1991 signature' '
+	echo "rfc1991" >gpghome/gpg.conf &&
 	echo "rfc1991-signed-tag RFC1991 signed tag" >expect &&
 	git tag -l -n1 rfc1991-signed-tag >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual &&
@@ -1064,12 +1123,12 @@ test_expect_success GPG \
 
 rm -f gpghome/gpg.conf
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'verifying rfc1991 signature without --rfc1991' '
 	git tag -v rfc1991-signed-tag
 '
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'list tag with rfc1991 signature without --rfc1991' '
 	echo "rfc1991-signed-tag RFC1991 signed tag" >expect &&
 	git tag -l -n1 rfc1991-signed-tag >actual &&
@@ -1080,7 +1139,7 @@ test_expect_success GPG \
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success GPG \
+test_expect_success GPG,RFC1991 \
 	'reediting a signed tag body omits signature' '
 	echo "RFC1991 signed tag" >expect &&
 	GIT_EDITOR=./fakeeditor git tag -f -s rfc1991-signed-tag $commit &&
@@ -1121,8 +1180,8 @@ test_expect_success 'message in editor has initial comment: first line' '
 test_expect_success \
 	'message in editor has initial comment: remainder' '
 	# remove commented lines from the remainder -- should be empty
-	>rest.expect
-	sed -e 1d -e '/^#/d' <actual >rest.actual &&
+	>rest.expect &&
+	sed -e 1d -e "/^#/d" <actual >rest.actual &&
 	test_cmp rest.expect rest.actual
 '
 
@@ -1321,4 +1380,137 @@ test_expect_success 'multiple --points-at are OR-ed together' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'lexical sort' '
+	git tag foo1.3 &&
+	git tag foo1.6 &&
+	git tag foo1.10 &&
+	git tag -l --sort=refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.10
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'version sort' '
+	git tag -l --sort=version:refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reverse version sort' '
+	git tag -l --sort=-version:refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.10
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.3
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reverse lexical sort' '
+	git tag -l --sort=-refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'configured lexical sort' '
+	git config tag.sort "v:refname" &&
+	git tag -l "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'option override configured sort' '
+	git tag -l --sort=-refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid sort parameter on command line' '
+	test_must_fail git tag -l --sort=notvalid "foo*" >actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'invalid sort parameter in configuratoin' '
+	git config tag.sort "v:notvalid" &&
+	git tag -l "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.10
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'version sort with prerelease reordering' '
+	git config --unset tag.sort &&
+	git config versionsort.prereleaseSuffix -rc &&
+	git tag foo1.6-rc1 &&
+	git tag foo1.6-rc2 &&
+	git tag -l --sort=version:refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.3
+	foo1.6-rc1
+	foo1.6-rc2
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.10
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reverse version sort with prerelease reordering' '
+	git tag -l --sort=-version:refname "foo*" >actual &&
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	foo1.10
+	foo1.6
+	foo1.6-rc2
+	foo1.6-rc1
+	foo1.3
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+run_with_limited_stack () {
+	(ulimit -s 128 && "$@")
+}
+
+test_lazy_prereq ULIMIT 'run_with_limited_stack true'
+
+# we require ulimit, this excludes Windows
+test_expect_success ULIMIT '--contains works in a deep repo' '
+	>expect &&
+	i=1 &&
+	while test $i -lt 8000
+	do
+		echo "commit refs/heads/master
+committer A U Thor <author@example.com> $((1000000000 + $i * 100)) +0200
+data <<EOF
+commit #$i
+EOF"
+		test $i = 1 && echo "from refs/heads/master^0"
+		i=$(($i + 1))
+	done | git fast-import &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	git tag far-far-away HEAD^ &&
+	run_with_limited_stack git tag --contains HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7006-pager.sh b/t/t7006-pager.sh
index ff2590849d..947b690fd7 100755
--- a/t/t7006-pager.sh
+++ b/t/t7006-pager.sh
@@ -37,6 +37,18 @@ test_expect_failure TTY 'pager runs from subdir' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success TTY 'LESS and LV envvars are set for pagination' '
+	(
+		sane_unset LESS LV &&
+		PAGER="env >pager-env.out; wc" &&
+		export PAGER &&
+
+		test_terminal git log
+	) &&
+	grep ^LESS= pager-env.out &&
+	grep ^LV= pager-env.out
+'
+
 test_expect_success TTY 'some commands do not use a pager' '
 	rm -f paginated.out &&
 	test_terminal git rev-list HEAD &&
@@ -134,11 +146,7 @@ test_expect_success 'no color when stdout is a regular file' '
 test_expect_success TTY 'color when writing to a pager' '
 	rm -f paginated.out &&
 	test_config color.ui auto &&
-	(
-		TERM=vt100 &&
-		export TERM &&
-		test_terminal git log
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 git log &&
 	colorful paginated.out
 '
 
@@ -146,11 +154,7 @@ test_expect_success TTY 'colors are suppressed by color.pager' '
 	rm -f paginated.out &&
 	test_config color.ui auto &&
 	test_config color.pager false &&
-	(
-		TERM=vt100 &&
-		export TERM &&
-		test_terminal git log
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 git log &&
 	! colorful paginated.out
 '
 
@@ -169,11 +173,7 @@ test_expect_success 'color when writing to a file intended for a pager' '
 test_expect_success TTY 'colors are sent to pager for external commands' '
 	test_config alias.externallog "!git log" &&
 	test_config color.ui auto &&
-	(
-		TERM=vt100 &&
-		export TERM &&
-		test_terminal git -p externallog
-	) &&
+	test_terminal env TERM=vt100 git -p externallog &&
 	colorful paginated.out
 '
 
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ test_expect_success TTY 'command-specific pager overrides core.pager' '
 	sane_unset PAGER GIT_PAGER &&
 	echo "foo:initial" >expect &&
 	>actual &&
-	test_config core.pager "exit 1"
+	test_config core.pager "exit 1" &&
 	test_config pager.log "sed s/^/foo:/ >actual" &&
 	test_terminal git log --format=%s -1 &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
diff --git a/t/t7007-show.sh b/t/t7007-show.sh
index cce222f052..42d3db6246 100755
--- a/t/t7007-show.sh
+++ b/t/t7007-show.sh
@@ -17,4 +17,115 @@ test_expect_success 'showing a tag that point at a missing object' '
 	test_must_fail git --no-pager show foo-tag
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'set up a bit of history' '
+	test_commit main1 &&
+	test_commit main2 &&
+	test_commit main3 &&
+	git tag -m "annotated tag" annotated &&
+	git checkout -b side HEAD^^ &&
+	test_commit side2 &&
+	test_commit side3 &&
+	test_merge merge main3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing two commits' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	EOF
+	git show main2 main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing a range walks (linear)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show main1..main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing a range walks (Y shape, ^ first)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show ^side3 main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing a range walks (Y shape, ^ last)' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show main3 ^side3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing with -N walks' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show -2 main3 >actual &&
+	grep ^commit actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing annotated tag' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	tag annotated
+	commit $(git rev-parse annotated^{commit})
+	EOF
+	git show annotated >actual &&
+	grep -E "^(commit|tag)" actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing annotated tag plus commit' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	tag annotated
+	commit $(git rev-parse annotated^{commit})
+	commit $(git rev-parse side3)
+	EOF
+	git show annotated side3 >actual &&
+	grep -E "^(commit|tag)" actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'showing range' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	commit $(git rev-parse main3)
+	commit $(git rev-parse main2)
+	EOF
+	git show ^side3 annotated >actual &&
+	grep -E "^(commit|tag)" actual >actual.filtered &&
+	test_cmp expect actual.filtered
+'
+
+test_expect_success '-s suppresses diff' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	merge
+	main3
+	EOF
+	git show -s --format=%s merge main3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--quiet suppresses diff' '
+	echo main3 >expect &&
+	git show --quiet --format=%s main3 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show --graph is forbidden' '
+  test_must_fail git show --graph HEAD
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh b/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
index fd6410fc71..b146406e9c 100755
--- a/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
+++ b/t/t7008-grep-binary.sh
@@ -111,6 +111,28 @@ test_expect_success 'grep respects binary diff attribute' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep --cached respects binary diff attribute' '
+	git grep --cached text t >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --cached respects binary diff attribute (2)' '
+	git add .gitattributes &&
+	rm .gitattributes &&
+	git grep --cached text t >actual &&
+	test_when_finished "git rm --cached .gitattributes" &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout .gitattributes" &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep revision respects binary diff attribute' '
+	git commit -m new &&
+	echo "Binary file HEAD:t matches" >expect &&
+	git grep text HEAD -- t >actual &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset HEAD^" &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep respects not-binary diff attribute' '
 	echo binQary | q_to_nul >b &&
 	git add b &&
@@ -123,4 +145,35 @@ test_expect_success 'grep respects not-binary diff attribute' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >nul_to_q_textconv <<'EOF'
+#!/bin/sh
+"$PERL_PATH" -pe 'y/\000/Q/' < "$1"
+EOF
+chmod +x nul_to_q_textconv
+
+test_expect_success 'setup textconv filters' '
+	echo a diff=foo >.gitattributes &&
+	git config diff.foo.textconv "\"$(pwd)\""/nul_to_q_textconv
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep does not honor textconv' '
+	test_must_fail git grep Qfile
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --textconv honors textconv' '
+	echo "a:binaryQfile" >expect &&
+	git grep --textconv Qfile >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --no-textconv does not honor textconv' '
+	test_must_fail git grep --no-textconv Qfile
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --textconv blob honors textconv' '
+	echo "HEAD:a:binaryQfile" >expect &&
+	git grep --textconv Qfile HEAD:a >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh b/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c27f90f285
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7009-filter-branch-null-sha1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='filter-branch removal of trees with null sha1'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: base commits' '
+	test_commit one &&
+	test_commit two &&
+	test_commit three
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup: a commit with a bogus null sha1 in the tree' '
+	{
+		git ls-tree HEAD &&
+		printf "160000 commit $_z40\\tbroken\\n"
+	} >broken-tree &&
+	echo "add broken entry" >msg &&
+
+	tree=$(git mktree <broken-tree) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	commit=$(git commit-tree $tree -p HEAD <msg) &&
+	git update-ref HEAD "$commit"
+'
+
+# we have to make one more commit on top removing the broken
+# entry, since otherwise our index does not match HEAD (and filter-branch will
+# complain). We could make the index match HEAD, but doing so would involve
+# writing a null sha1 into the index.
+test_expect_success 'setup: bring HEAD and index in sync' '
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -a -m "back to normal"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filter commands are still checked' '
+	test_must_fail git filter-branch \
+		--force --prune-empty \
+		--index-filter "git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch three.t"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'removing the broken entry works' '
+	echo three >expect &&
+	git filter-branch \
+		--force --prune-empty \
+		--index-filter "git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch broken" &&
+	git log -1 --format=%s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
index 8f3b54d826..88d60c1ce2 100755
--- a/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
+++ b/t/t7011-skip-worktree-reading.sh
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ test_expect_success 'update-index --remove' '
 	test_cmp expected 1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --deleted' '
 	setup_absent &&
 	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'ls-files --delete' '
+test_expect_success 'ls-files --deleted' '
 	setup_dirty &&
 	test -z "$(git ls-files -d)"
 '
diff --git a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
index b8cb4906aa..741ec08576 100755
--- a/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
+++ b/t/t7060-wtstatus.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ test_description='basic work tree status reporting'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	test_commit A &&
 	test_commit B oneside added &&
 	git checkout A^0 &&
@@ -28,17 +29,19 @@ test_expect_success 'Report new path with conflict' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch side
-# Unmerged paths:
-#   (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
-#
-#	deleted by us:      foo
-#
+test_expect_success 'M/D conflict does not segfault' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch side
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	deleted by us:   foo
+
 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
-
-test_expect_success 'M/D conflict does not segfault' '
 	mkdir mdconflict &&
 	(
 		cd mdconflict &&
@@ -118,4 +121,97 @@ test_expect_success 'git diff-index --cached -C shows 2 copies + 1 unmerged' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with add and rm advice (deleted by them)' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit init main.txt init &&
+	git checkout -b second_branch &&
+	git rm main.txt &&
+	git commit -m "main.txt deleted on second_branch" &&
+	test_commit second conflict.txt second &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	test_commit on_second main.txt on_second &&
+	test_commit master conflict.txt master &&
+	test_must_fail git merge second_branch &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	both added:      conflict.txt
+	deleted by them: main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout -b conflict &&
+	test_commit one main.txt one &&
+	git branch conflict_second &&
+	git mv main.txt sub_master.txt &&
+	git commit -m "main.txt renamed in sub_master.txt" &&
+	git checkout conflict_second &&
+	git mv main.txt sub_second.txt &&
+	git commit -m "main.txt renamed in sub_second.txt"
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with add and rm advice (both deleted)' '
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflict_second
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
+
+	both deleted:    main.txt
+	added by them:   sub_master.txt
+	added by us:     sub_second.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts with only rm advice (both deleted)' '
+	git reset --hard conflict_second &&
+	test_must_fail git merge conflict &&
+	git add sub_master.txt &&
+	git add sub_second.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflict_second
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	new file:   sub_master.txt
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git rm <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both deleted:    main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..460789b4d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7061-wtstatus-ignore.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-status ignored files'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+?? untracked/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with --ignored' '
+	echo "ignored" >.gitignore &&
+	mkdir untracked &&
+	: >untracked/ignored &&
+	: >untracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with --ignored -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status prefixed untracked directory with --ignored' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored untracked/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? untracked/uncommitted
+!! untracked/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status prefixed untracked sub-directory with --ignored -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u untracked/ >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf untracked &&
+	mkdir ignored &&
+	: >ignored/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status empty untracked directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf ignored &&
+	mkdir untracked-ignored &&
+	mkdir untracked-ignored/test &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status empty untracked directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! untracked-ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with ignored files with --ignore' '
+	: >untracked-ignored/ignored &&
+	: >untracked-ignored/test/ignored &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! untracked-ignored/ignored
+!! untracked-ignored/test/ignored
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status untracked directory with ignored files with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf untracked-ignored &&
+	mkdir tracked &&
+	: >tracked/committed &&
+	git add tracked/committed &&
+	git commit -m. &&
+	echo "tracked" >.gitignore &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and ignored file with --ignore' '
+	echo "committed" >>.gitignore &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and ignored file with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and uncommitted file with --ignore' '
+	echo "tracked" >.gitignore &&
+	: >tracked/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory and uncommitted file with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in untracked subdir with --ignore' '
+	rm -rf tracked/uncommitted &&
+	mkdir tracked/ignored &&
+	: >tracked/ignored/uncommitted &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in untracked subdir with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in tracked subdir with --ignore' '
+	: >tracked/ignored/committed &&
+	git add -f tracked/ignored/committed &&
+	git commit -m. &&
+	git status --porcelain --ignored >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+?? .gitignore
+?? actual
+?? expected
+!! tracked/ignored/uncommitted
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status ignored tracked directory with uncommitted file in tracked subdir with --ignore -u' '
+	git status --porcelain --ignored -u >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh b/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..73709dbeee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7062-wtstatus-ignorecase.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-status with core.ignorecase=true'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'status with hash collisions' '
+	# note: "V/", "V/XQANY/" and "WURZAUP/" produce the same hash code
+	# in name-hash.c::hash_name
+	mkdir V &&
+	mkdir V/XQANY &&
+	mkdir WURZAUP &&
+	touch V/XQANY/test &&
+	git config core.ignorecase true &&
+	git add . &&
+	# test is successful if git status completes (no endless loop)
+	git status
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7101-reset.sh b/t/t7101-reset-empty-subdirs.sh
index 96e163f084..96e163f084 100755
--- a/t/t7101-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t7101-reset-empty-subdirs.sh
diff --git a/t/t7102-reset.sh b/t/t7102-reset.sh
index b096dc88c2..98bcfe21aa 100755
--- a/t/t7102-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t7102-reset.sh
@@ -9,6 +9,22 @@ Documented tests for git reset'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+commit_msg () {
+	# String "modify 2nd file (changed)" partly in German
+	# (translated with Google Translate),
+	# encoded in UTF-8, used as a commit log message below.
+	msg="modify 2nd file (ge\303\244ndert)\n"
+	if test -n "$1"
+	then
+		printf "$msg" | iconv -f utf-8 -t "$1"
+	else
+		printf "$msg"
+	fi
+}
+
+# Tested non-UTF-8 encoding
+test_encoding="ISO8859-1"
+
 test_expect_success 'creating initial files and commits' '
 	test_tick &&
 	echo "1st file" >first &&
@@ -28,7 +44,10 @@ test_expect_success 'creating initial files and commits' '
 
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
-	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file"
+	# "git commit -m" would break MinGW, as Windows refuse to pass
+	# $test_encoding encoded parameter to git.
+	commit_msg $test_encoding | git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=$test_encoding" commit -a -F - &&
+	head5=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 '
 # git log --pretty=oneline # to see those SHA1 involved
 
@@ -43,6 +62,20 @@ check_changes () {
 	done | test_cmp .cat_expect -
 }
 
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard message' '
+	hex=$(git log -1 --format="%h") &&
+	git reset --hard > .actual &&
+	echo HEAD is now at $hex $(commit_msg) > .expected &&
+	test_cmp .expected .actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard message (ISO8859-1 logoutputencoding)' '
+	hex=$(git log -1 --format="%h") &&
+	git -c "i18n.logOutputEncoding=$test_encoding" reset --hard > .actual &&
+	echo HEAD is now at $hex $(commit_msg $test_encoding) > .expected &&
+	test_cmp .expected .actual
+'
+
 >.diff_expect
 >.cached_expect
 cat >.cat_expect <<EOF
@@ -56,7 +89,7 @@ test_expect_success 'giving a non existing revision should fail' '
 	test_must_fail git reset --mixed aaaaaa &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft aaaaaa &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard aaaaaa &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reset --soft with unmerged index should fail' '
@@ -74,7 +107,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard -- first &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft HEAD^ -- first &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard HEAD^ -- first &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'giving unrecognized options should fail' '
@@ -86,7 +119,7 @@ test_expect_success 'giving unrecognized options should fail' '
 	test_must_fail git reset --soft -o &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard --other &&
 	test_must_fail git reset --hard -o &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -110,7 +143,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -133,27 +166,27 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch3 branch4 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 test_expect_success \
 	'resetting to HEAD with no changes should succeed and do nothing' '
 	git reset --hard &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --hard HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --soft &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --soft HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --mixed &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset --mixed HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+		check_changes $head5 &&
 	git reset HEAD &&
-		check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+		check_changes $head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -176,7 +209,7 @@ test_expect_success '--soft reset only should show changes in diff --cached' '
 	git reset --soft HEAD^ &&
 	check_changes d1a4bc3abce4829628ae2dcb0d60ef3d1a78b1c4 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+			$head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -191,9 +224,10 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'changing files and redo the last commit should succeed' '
 	echo "3rd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
 	git commit -a -C ORIG_HEAD &&
-	check_changes 3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d &&
+	head4=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
+	check_changes $head4 &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+			$head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -210,7 +244,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	git reset --hard HEAD~2 &&
 	check_changes ddaefe00f1da16864591c61fdc7adb5d7cd6b74e &&
 	test "$(git rev-parse ORIG_HEAD)" = \
-			3d3b7be011a58ca0c179ae45d94e6c83c0b0cd0d
+			$head4
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -302,8 +336,10 @@ test_expect_success 'redoing the last two commits should succeed' '
 
 	echo "1st line 2nd file" >secondfile &&
 	echo "2nd line 2nd file" >>secondfile &&
-	git commit -a -m "modify 2nd file" &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	# "git commit -m" would break MinGW, as Windows refuse to pass
+	# $test_encoding encoded parameter to git.
+	commit_msg $test_encoding | git -c "i18n.commitEncoding=$test_encoding" commit -a -F - &&
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -325,10 +361,11 @@ test_expect_success '--hard reset to HEAD should clear a failed merge' '
 	git checkout branch2 &&
 	echo "3rd line in branch2" >>secondfile &&
 	git commit -a -m "change in branch2" &&
+	head3=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 
 	test_must_fail git pull . branch1 &&
 	git reset --hard &&
-	check_changes 77abb337073fb4369a7ad69ff6f5ec0e4d6b54bb
+	check_changes $head3
 '
 
 >.diff_expect
@@ -341,15 +378,15 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success \
 	'--hard reset to ORIG_HEAD should clear a fast-forward merge' '
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	check_changes $head5 &&
 
 	git pull . branch1 &&
 	git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc &&
+	check_changes $head5 &&
 
 	git checkout master &&
 	git branch -D branch1 branch2 &&
-	check_changes 3ec39651e7f44ea531a5de18a9fa791c0fd370fc
+	check_changes $head5
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
@@ -388,7 +425,8 @@ test_expect_success 'test --mixed <paths>' '
 	echo 4 > file4 &&
 	echo 5 > file1 &&
 	git add file1 file3 file4 &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	git reset HEAD -- file1 file2 file3 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff > output &&
 	test_cmp output expect &&
 	git diff --cached > output &&
@@ -402,7 +440,8 @@ test_expect_success 'test resetting the index at give paths' '
 	>sub/file2 &&
 	git update-index --add sub/file1 sub/file2 &&
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	git reset HEAD sub/file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	U=$(git write-tree) &&
 	echo "$T" &&
 	echo "$U" &&
@@ -440,7 +479,8 @@ test_expect_success 'resetting specific path that is unmerged' '
 		echo "100644 $F3 3	file2"
 	} | git update-index --index-info &&
 	git ls-files -u &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD file2 &&
+	git reset HEAD file2 &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	git diff-index --exit-code --cached HEAD
 '
 
@@ -449,10 +489,11 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguation (1)' '
 	git reset --hard &&
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset secondfile &&
+	git reset secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet -- secondfile &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test -f secondfile &&
-	test ! -s secondfile
+	test_must_be_empty secondfile
 
 '
 
@@ -474,7 +515,8 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguation (3)' '
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
 	rm -f secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	git reset HEAD secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test ! -f secondfile
 
@@ -486,9 +528,44 @@ test_expect_success 'disambiguation (4)' '
 	>secondfile &&
 	git add secondfile &&
 	rm -f secondfile &&
-	test_must_fail git reset -- secondfile &&
+	git reset -- secondfile &&
+	test_must_fail git diff --quiet &&
 	test -z "$(git diff --cached --name-only)" &&
 	test ! -f secondfile
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'reset with paths accepts tree' '
+	# for simpler tests, drop last commit containing added files
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	git reset HEAD^^{tree} -- . &&
+	git diff --cached HEAD^ --exit-code &&
+	git diff HEAD --exit-code
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset -N keeps removed files as intent-to-add' '
+	echo new-file >new-file &&
+	git add new-file &&
+	git reset -N HEAD &&
+
+	tree=$(git write-tree) &&
+	git ls-tree $tree new-file >actual &&
+	>expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	git diff --name-only >actual &&
+	echo new-file >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --mixed sets up work tree' '
+	git init mixed_worktree &&
+	(
+		cd mixed_worktree &&
+		test_commit dummy
+	) &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git --git-dir=mixed_worktree/.git --work-tree=mixed_worktree reset >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7104-reset.sh b/t/t7104-reset-hard.sh
index f136ee7bb5..16faa07813 100755
--- a/t/t7104-reset.sh
+++ b/t/t7104-reset-hard.sh
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ test_expect_success 'reset --hard should restore unmerged ones' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'reset --hard did not corrupt index nor cached-tree' '
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard did not corrupt index or cached-tree' '
 
 	T=$(git write-tree) &&
 	rm -f .git/index &&
diff --git a/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh b/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
index 95fab20361..98b7d7b969 100755
--- a/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
+++ b/t/t7105-reset-patch.sh
@@ -25,15 +25,17 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'saying "n" does nothing' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'git reset -p' '
-	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p &&
+	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p >output &&
 	verify_state dir/foo work head &&
-	verify_saved_state bar
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Unstage" output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'git reset -p HEAD^' '
-	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p HEAD^ &&
+	(echo n; echo y) | git reset -p HEAD^ >output &&
 	verify_state dir/foo work parent &&
-	verify_saved_state bar
+	verify_saved_state bar &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Apply" output
 '
 
 # The idea in the rest is that bar sorts first, so we always say 'y'
diff --git a/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh b/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0f95f00477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7106-reset-unborn-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git reset should work on unborn branch'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo a >a &&
+	echo b >b
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset' '
+	git add a b &&
+	git reset &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset HEAD' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a b &&
+	test_must_fail git reset HEAD
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset $file' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a b &&
+	git reset a &&
+
+	echo b >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'reset -p' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	echo y >yes &&
+	git reset -p <yes >output &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Unstage" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --soft is a no-op' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	git reset --soft &&
+
+	echo a >expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset --hard' '
+	rm .git/index &&
+	git add a &&
+	test_when_finished "echo a >a" &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+
+	>expect &&
+	git ls-files >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	test_path_is_missing a
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7112-reset-submodule.sh b/t/t7112-reset-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..2eda6adeb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7112-reset-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='reset can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+test_submodule_switch "git reset --keep"
+
+test_submodule_switch "git reset --merge"
+
+test_submodule_forced_switch "git reset --hard"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7201-co.sh b/t/t7201-co.sh
index 07fb53adcb..885923610a 100755
--- a/t/t7201-co.sh
+++ b/t/t7201-co.sh
@@ -88,14 +88,10 @@ test_expect_success "checkout with unrelated dirty tree without -m" '
 
 	git checkout -f master &&
 	fill 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >same &&
-	cp same kept
+	cp same kept &&
 	git checkout side >messages &&
-	test_cmp same kept
-	(cat > messages.expect <<EOF
-M	same
-EOF
-) &&
-	touch messages.expect &&
+	test_cmp same kept &&
+	printf "M\t%s\n" same >messages.expect &&
 	test_cmp messages.expect messages
 '
 
@@ -109,10 +105,7 @@ test_expect_success "checkout -m with dirty tree" '
 
 	test "$(git symbolic-ref HEAD)" = "refs/heads/side" &&
 
-	(cat >expect.messages <<EOF
-M	one
-EOF
-) &&
+	printf "M\t%s\n" one >expect.messages &&
 	test_cmp expect.messages messages &&
 
 	fill "M	one" "A	three" "D	two" >expect.master &&
@@ -223,13 +216,30 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout --merge --conflict=diff3 <branch>' '
 	test_cmp two expect
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'switch to another branch while carrying a deletion' '
+
+	git checkout -f master && git reset --hard && git clean -f &&
+	git rm two &&
+
+	test_must_fail git checkout simple 2>errs &&
+	test_i18ngrep overwritten errs &&
+
+	git checkout --merge simple 2>errs &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! overwritten errs &&
+	git ls-files -u &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -t :0:two &&
+	test "$(git cat-file -t :1:two)" = blob &&
+	test "$(git cat-file -t :2:two)" = blob &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -t :3:two
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'checkout to detach HEAD (with advice declined)' '
 
 	git config advice.detachedHead false &&
 	git checkout -f renamer && git clean -f &&
 	git checkout renamer^ 2>messages &&
 	test_i18ngrep "HEAD is now at 7329388" messages &&
-	test 1 -eq $(wc -l <messages) &&
+	test_line_count = 1 messages &&
 	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	test "z$H" = "z$M" &&
@@ -247,7 +257,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout to detach HEAD' '
 	git checkout -f renamer && git clean -f &&
 	git checkout renamer^ 2>messages &&
 	test_i18ngrep "HEAD is now at 7329388" messages &&
-	test 1 -lt $(wc -l <messages) &&
+	test_line_count -gt 1 messages &&
 	H=$(git rev-parse --verify HEAD) &&
 	M=$(git show-ref -s --verify refs/heads/master) &&
 	test "z$H" = "z$M" &&
@@ -392,12 +402,12 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
     'checkout w/autosetupmerge=always sets up tracking' '
+    test_when_finished git config branch.autosetupmerge false &&
     git config branch.autosetupmerge always &&
     git checkout master &&
     git checkout -b track2 &&
     test "$(git config branch.track2.remote)" &&
-    test "$(git config branch.track2.merge)"
-    git config branch.autosetupmerge false'
+    test "$(git config branch.track2.merge)"'
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout w/--track from non-branch HEAD fails' '
     git checkout master^0 &&
@@ -431,6 +441,7 @@ test_expect_success 'detach a symbolic link HEAD' '
 
 test_expect_success \
     'checkout with --track fakes a sensible -b <name>' '
+    git config remote.origin.fetch "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*" &&
     git update-ref refs/remotes/origin/koala/bear renamer &&
 
     git checkout --track origin/koala/bear &&
@@ -573,7 +584,7 @@ test_expect_success 'checkout --conflict=merge, overriding config' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'checkout --conflict=diff3' '
-	git config --unset merge.conflictstyle
+	test_unconfig merge.conflictstyle &&
 	setup_conflicting_index &&
 	echo "none of the above" >sample &&
 	echo ourside >expect &&
diff --git a/t/t7300-clean.sh b/t/t7300-clean.sh
index 800b5368a5..99be5d95d0 100755
--- a/t/t7300-clean.sh
+++ b/t/t7300-clean.sh
@@ -119,10 +119,7 @@ test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'git clean with relative prefix' '
 		git clean -n ../src |
 		sed -n -e "s|^Would remove ||p"
 	) &&
-	test "$would_clean" = ../src/part3.c || {
-		echo "OOps <$would_clean>"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$would_clean" = ../src/part3.c
 '
 
 test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'git clean with absolute path' '
@@ -134,10 +131,7 @@ test_expect_success C_LOCALE_OUTPUT 'git clean with absolute path' '
 		git clean -n "$(pwd)/../src" |
 		sed -n -e "s|^Would remove ||p"
 	) &&
-	test "$would_clean" = ../src/part3.c || {
-		echo "OOps <$would_clean>"
-		false
-	}
+	verbose test "$would_clean" = ../src/part3.c
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git clean with out of work tree relative path' '
@@ -298,6 +292,23 @@ test_expect_success 'git clean -d -x' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -x with ignored tracked directory' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -x -e src &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -d docs &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'git clean -X' '
 
 	mkdir -p build docs &&
@@ -332,6 +343,23 @@ test_expect_success 'git clean -d -X' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d -X with ignored tracked directory' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	git clean -d -X -e src &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f obj.o &&
+	test ! -d build
+
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'clean.requireForce defaults to true' '
 
 	git config --unset clean.requireForce &&
@@ -392,15 +420,15 @@ test_expect_success SANITY 'removal failure' '
 
 	mkdir foo &&
 	touch foo/bar &&
+	test_when_finished "chmod 755 foo" &&
 	(exec <foo/bar &&
 	 chmod 0 foo &&
-	 test_must_fail git clean -f -d &&
-	 chmod 755 foo)
+	 test_must_fail git clean -f -d)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nested git work tree' '
-	rm -fr foo bar &&
-	mkdir foo bar &&
+	rm -fr foo bar baz &&
+	mkdir -p foo bar baz/boo &&
 	(
 		cd foo &&
 		git init &&
@@ -412,15 +440,24 @@ test_expect_success 'nested git work tree' '
 		cd bar &&
 		>goodbye.people
 	) &&
+	(
+		cd baz/boo &&
+		git init &&
+		>deeper.world
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -a -m deeply.nested
+	) &&
 	git clean -f -d &&
 	test -f foo/.git/index &&
 	test -f foo/hello.world &&
+	test -f baz/boo/.git/index &&
+	test -f baz/boo/deeper.world &&
 	! test -d bar
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'force removal of nested git work tree' '
-	rm -fr foo bar &&
-	mkdir foo bar &&
+	rm -fr foo bar baz &&
+	mkdir -p foo bar baz/boo &&
 	(
 		cd foo &&
 		git init &&
@@ -432,9 +469,17 @@ test_expect_success 'force removal of nested git work tree' '
 		cd bar &&
 		>goodbye.people
 	) &&
+	(
+		cd baz/boo &&
+		git init &&
+		>deeper.world
+		git add . &&
+		git commit -a -m deeply.nested
+	) &&
 	git clean -f -f -d &&
 	! test -d foo &&
-	! test -d bar
+	! test -d bar &&
+	! test -d baz
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git clean -e' '
@@ -460,4 +505,20 @@ test_expect_success SANITY 'git clean -d with an unreadable empty directory' '
 	! test -d foo
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d respects pathspecs (dir is prefix of pathspec)' '
+	mkdir -p foo &&
+	mkdir -p foobar &&
+	git clean -df foobar &&
+	test_path_is_dir foo &&
+	test_path_is_missing foobar
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -d respects pathspecs (pathspec is prefix of dir)' '
+	mkdir -p foo &&
+	mkdir -p foobar &&
+	git clean -df foo &&
+	test_path_is_missing foo &&
+	test_path_is_dir foobar
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh b/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..3ae394e934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7301-clean-interactive.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git clean -i basic tests'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+
+	mkdir -p src &&
+	touch src/part1.c Makefile &&
+	echo build >.gitignore &&
+	echo \*.o >>.gitignore &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m setup &&
+	touch src/part2.c README &&
+	git add .
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (c: clean hotkey)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo c | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (cl: clean prefix)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo cl | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (quit)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo quit | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -i (Ctrl+D)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	echo "\04" | git clean -i &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter all)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "*"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter patterns)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "part3.* *.out"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (filter patterns 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo f; echo "* !*.out"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - all)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo "*"; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - none)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 3; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 2 3; echo 5; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - number 3)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 3,4 5; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - filenames)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out foo.txt bar.txt baz.txt &&
+	(echo s; echo a.out fo ba bar; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f foo.txt &&
+	test ! -f bar.txt &&
+	test -f baz.txt &&
+	rm baz.txt
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - range)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 1,3-4; echo 2; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (select - range 2)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo 4- 1; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (inverse select)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo s; echo "*"; echo -5- 1 -2; echo; echo c) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (ask)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo a; echo Y; echo y; echo no; echo yes; echo bad; echo) | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id (ask - Ctrl+D)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(echo a; echo Y; echo no; echo yes; echo "\04") | \
+	git clean -id &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (filter)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo f; echo "docs"; echo "*.h"; echo ; echo c) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (select by name)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo s; echo "../docs/"; echo "../src/part3.c"; \
+	  echo "../src/part4.c";  echo; echo c) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.c &&
+	test -f src/part3.h &&
+	test ! -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git clean -id with prefix and path (ask)' '
+
+	mkdir -p build docs &&
+	touch a.out src/part3.c src/part3.h src/part4.c src/part4.h \
+	docs/manual.txt obj.o build/lib.so &&
+	(cd build/ && \
+	 (echo a; echo Y; echo y; echo no; echo yes; echo bad; echo) | \
+	 git clean -id ..) &&
+	test -f Makefile &&
+	test -f README &&
+	test -f src/part1.c &&
+	test -f src/part2.c &&
+	test ! -f a.out &&
+	test ! -f docs/manual.txt &&
+	test -f src/part3.c &&
+	test ! -f src/part3.h &&
+	test -f src/part4.c &&
+	test -f src/part4.h &&
+	test -f obj.o &&
+	test -f build/lib.so
+
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
index 695f7afdf3..540771ca41 100755
--- a/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t7400-submodule-basic.sh
@@ -18,6 +18,16 @@ test_expect_success 'setup - initial commit' '
 	git branch initial
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'configuration parsing' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f .gitmodules" &&
+	cat >.gitmodules <<-\EOF &&
+	[submodule "s"]
+		path
+		ignore
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git status
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup - repository in init subdirectory' '
 	mkdir init &&
 	(
@@ -78,7 +88,16 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add' '
 	(
 		cd addtest &&
 		git submodule add -q "$submodurl" submod >actual &&
-		test ! -s actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
+		echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/submod" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect submod/.git &&
+		(
+			cd submod &&
+			git config core.worktree >actual &&
+			echo "../../../submod" >expect &&
+			test_cmp expect actual &&
+			rm -f actual expect
+		) &&
 		git submodule init
 	) &&
 
@@ -124,6 +143,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add --branch' '
 	(
 		cd addtest &&
 		git submodule add -b initial "$submodurl" submod-branch &&
+		test "initial" = "$(git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submod-branch.branch)" &&
 		git submodule init
 	) &&
 
@@ -151,6 +171,23 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add with ./ in path' '
 	test_cmp empty untracked
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule add with /././ in path' '
+	echo "refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+	>empty &&
+
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" dotslashdotsubmod/././frotz/./ &&
+		git submodule init
+	) &&
+
+	rm -f heads head untracked &&
+	inspect addtest/dotslashdotsubmod/frotz ../../.. &&
+	test_cmp expect heads &&
+	test_cmp expect head &&
+	test_cmp empty untracked
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule add with // in path' '
 	echo "refs/heads/master" >expect &&
 	>empty &&
@@ -202,9 +239,34 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add with ./, /.. and // in path' '
 	test_cmp empty untracked
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule add in subdirectory' '
+	echo "refs/heads/master" >expect &&
+	>empty &&
+
+	mkdir addtest/sub &&
+	(
+		cd addtest/sub &&
+		git submodule add "$submodurl" ../realsubmod3 &&
+		git submodule init
+	) &&
+
+	rm -f heads head untracked &&
+	inspect addtest/realsubmod3 ../.. &&
+	test_cmp expect heads &&
+	test_cmp expect head &&
+	test_cmp empty untracked
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add in subdirectory with relative path should fail' '
+	(
+		cd addtest/sub &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule add ../../ submod3 2>../../output.err
+	) &&
+	test_i18ngrep toplevel output.err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup - add an example entry to .gitmodules' '
-	GIT_CONFIG=.gitmodules \
-	git config submodule.example.url git://example.com/init.git
+	git config --file=.gitmodules submodule.example.url git://example.com/init.git
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status should fail for unmapped paths' '
@@ -218,14 +280,14 @@ test_expect_success 'setup - map path in .gitmodules' '
 	path = init
 EOF
 
-	GIT_CONFIG=.gitmodules git config submodule.example.path init &&
+	git config --file=.gitmodules submodule.example.path init &&
 
 	test_cmp expect .gitmodules
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status should only print one line' '
 	git submodule status >lines &&
-	test $(wc -l <lines) = 1
+	test_line_count = 1 lines
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup - fetch commit name from submodule' '
@@ -249,6 +311,27 @@ test_expect_success 'init should register submodule url in .git/config' '
 	test_cmp expect url
 '
 
+test_failure_with_unknown_submodule () {
+	test_must_fail git submodule $1 no-such-submodule 2>output.err &&
+	grep "^error: .*no-such-submodule" output.err
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'init should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule update
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule status
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync should fail with unknown submodule' '
+	test_failure_with_unknown_submodule sync
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'update should fail when path is used by a file' '
 	echo hello >expect &&
 
@@ -277,7 +360,7 @@ test_expect_success 'update should work when path is an empty dir' '
 
 	mkdir init &&
 	git submodule update -q >update.out &&
-	test ! -s update.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty update.out &&
 
 	inspect init &&
 	test_cmp expect head-sha1
@@ -288,6 +371,26 @@ test_expect_success 'status should be "up-to-date" after update' '
 	grep "^ $rev1" list
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status "up-to-date" from subdirectory' '
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule status >../list
+	) &&
+	grep "^ $rev1" list &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" list
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status "up-to-date" from subdirectory with path' '
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule status ../init >../list
+	) &&
+	grep "^ $rev1" list &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" list
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'status should be "modified" after submodule commit' '
 	(
 		cd init &&
@@ -368,6 +471,25 @@ test_expect_success 'update --init' '
 	git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir init/.git
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'update --init from subdirectory' '
+	mv init init2 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.example.url "$(pwd)/init2" &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.example &&
+	test_must_fail git config submodule.example.url &&
+
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule update ../init >update.out &&
+		cat update.out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "not initialized" update.out &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir ../init/.git &&
+
+		git submodule update --init ../init
+	) &&
+	git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir init/.git
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'do not add files from a submodule' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
@@ -375,7 +497,7 @@ test_expect_success 'do not add files from a submodule' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'gracefully add submodule with a trailing slash' '
+test_expect_success 'gracefully add/reset submodule with a trailing slash' '
 
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git commit -m "commit subproject" init &&
@@ -389,7 +511,9 @@ test_expect_success 'gracefully add submodule with a trailing slash' '
 	git add init/ &&
 	test_must_fail git diff --exit-code --cached init &&
 	test $commit = $(git ls-files --stage |
-		sed -n "s/^160000 \([^ ]*\).*/\1/p")
+		sed -n "s/^160000 \([^ ]*\).*/\1/p") &&
+	git reset init/ &&
+	git diff --exit-code --cached init
 
 '
 
@@ -408,11 +532,8 @@ test_expect_success 'moving to a commit without submodule does not leave empty d
 	git checkout second
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'submodule <invalid-path> warns' '
-
-	git submodule no-such-submodule 2> output.err &&
-	grep "^error: .*no-such-submodule" output.err
-
+test_expect_success 'submodule <invalid-subcommand> fails' '
+	test_must_fail git submodule no-such-subcommand
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'add submodules without specifying an explicit path' '
@@ -474,21 +595,72 @@ test_expect_success 'set up for relative path tests' '
 		git add sub &&
 		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.path sub &&
 		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub.url ../subrepo &&
-		cp .git/config pristine-.git-config
+		cp .git/config pristine-.git-config &&
+		cp .gitmodules pristine-.gitmodules
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'relative path works with URL' '
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with URL - ssh://hostname/repo' '
 	(
 		cd reltest &&
 		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
 		git config remote.origin.url ssh://hostname/repo &&
 		git submodule init &&
 		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ssh://hostname/subrepo
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'relative path works with user@host:path' '
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with port-qualified URL - ssh://hostname:22/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ssh://hostname:22/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ssh://hostname:22/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+# About the choice of the path in the next test:
+# - double-slash side-steps path mangling issues on Windows
+# - it is still an absolute local path
+# - there cannot be a server with a blank in its name just in case the
+#   path is used erroneously to access a //server/share style path
+test_expect_success '../subrepo path works with local path - //somewhere else/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "//somewhere else/repo" &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = "//somewhere else/subrepo"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with file URL - file:///tmp/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url file:///tmp/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = file:///tmp/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with helper URL- helper:://hostname/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url helper:://hostname/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = helper:://hostname/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with scp-style URL - user@host:repo' '
 	(
 		cd reltest &&
 		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
@@ -498,4 +670,334 @@ test_expect_success 'relative path works with user@host:path' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with scp-style URL - user@host:path/to/repo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url user@host:path/to/repo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = user@host:path/to/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - foo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url foo &&
+		# actual: fails with an error
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url foo/bar &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = foo/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ./foo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ./foo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ./foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ./foo/bar &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = foo/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ../foo' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ../foo &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ../subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../subrepo works with relative local path - ../foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ../foo/bar &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.sub.url)" = ../foo/subrepo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '../bar/a/b/c works with relative local path - ../foo/bar.git' '
+	(
+		cd reltest &&
+		cp pristine-.git-config .git/config &&
+		cp pristine-.gitmodules .gitmodules &&
+		mkdir -p a/b/c &&
+		(cd a/b/c; git init) &&
+		git config remote.origin.url ../foo/bar.git &&
+		git submodule add ../bar/a/b/c ./a/b/c &&
+		git submodule init &&
+		test "$(git config submodule.a/b/c.url)" = ../foo/bar/a/b/c
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'moving the superproject does not break submodules' '
+	(
+		cd addtest &&
+		git submodule status >expect
+	) &&
+	mv addtest addtest2 &&
+	(
+		cd addtest2 &&
+		git submodule status >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add --name allows to replace a submodule with another at the same path' '
+	(
+		cd addtest2 &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+			echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+			git config remote.origin.url >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual &&
+			echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/repo" >expect &&
+			test_cmp expect .git
+		) &&
+		rm -rf repo &&
+		git rm repo &&
+		git submodule add -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/bare.git" repo >actual &&
+		test_must_be_empty actual &&
+		echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/submod" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect submod/.git &&
+		(
+			cd repo &&
+			echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+			git config remote.origin.url >actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual &&
+			echo "gitdir: ../.git/modules/repo_new" >expect &&
+			test_cmp expect .git
+		) &&
+		echo "repo" >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.path &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual&&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo.url &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add with an existing name fails unless forced' '
+	(
+		cd addtest2 &&
+		rm -rf repo &&
+		git rm repo &&
+		test_must_fail git submodule add -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/repo.git" repo &&
+		test ! -d repo &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path &&
+		test_must_fail git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url &&
+		echo "$submodurl/bare.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		git submodule add -f -q --name repo_new "$submodurl/repo.git" repo &&
+		test -d repo &&
+		echo "repo" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.path >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual&&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo.git" >expect &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual &&
+		echo "$submodurl/repo.git" >expect &&
+		git config submodule.repo_new.url >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'set up a second submodule' '
+	git submodule add ./init2 example2 &&
+	git commit -m "submodule example2 added"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit should remove the whole submodule section from .git/config' '
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit from subdirectory' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	mkdir -p sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule deinit ../init >../output
+	) &&
+	grep "\\.\\./init" output &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit . deinits all initialized submodules' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git config submodule.example.foo bar &&
+	git config submodule.example2.frotz nitfol &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit deinits a submodule when its work tree is missing or empty' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	rm -rf init example2/* example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit init example2 >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example2\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .example2" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule contains modifications unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	echo X >>init/s &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule contains untracked files unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	echo X >>init/untracked &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when the submodule HEAD does not match unless forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		git checkout HEAD^
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test -f example2/.git &&
+	git submodule deinit -f init >actual &&
+	test -z "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")" &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit is silent when used on an uninitialized submodule' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	git submodule deinit init >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit init >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	git submodule deinit . >actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example. (.*) unregistered for path .init" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "Submodule .example2. (.*) unregistered for path .example2" actual &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Cleared directory .init" actual &&
+	rmdir init example2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule deinit fails when submodule has a .git directory even when forced' '
+	git submodule update --init &&
+	(
+		cd init &&
+		rm .git &&
+		cp -R ../.git/modules/example .git &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE=. git config --unset core.worktree
+	) &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit init &&
+	test_must_fail git submodule deinit -f init &&
+	test -d init/.git &&
+	test -n "$(git config --get-regexp "submodule\.example\.")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule with UTF-8 name' '
+	svname=$(printf "\303\245 \303\244\303\266") &&
+	mkdir "$svname" &&
+	(
+		cd "$svname" &&
+		git init &&
+		>sub &&
+		git add sub &&
+		git commit -m "init sub"
+	) &&
+	git submodule add ./"$svname" &&
+	git submodule >&2 &&
+	test -n "$(git submodule | grep "$svname")"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule add clone shallow submodule' '
+	mkdir super &&
+	pwd=$(pwd) &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git init &&
+		git submodule add --depth=1 file://"$pwd"/example2 submodule &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			test 1 = $(git log --oneline | wc -l)
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
index 30b429e7dc..366746f0d4 100755
--- a/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
+++ b/t/t7401-submodule-summary.sh
@@ -45,6 +45,42 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory)' "
+	mkdir sub &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* ../sm1 0000000...$head1 (2):
+  > Add foo2
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory only)' "
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary . >../actual
+	) &&
+	>expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
+test_expect_success 'added submodule (subdirectory with explicit path)' "
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule summary ../sm1 >../actual
+	) &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* ../sm1 0000000...$head1 (2):
+  > Add foo2
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+"
+
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head2=$(add_file sm1 foo3)
 
@@ -68,6 +104,24 @@ EOF
 	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
+test_expect_success 'no ignore=all setting has any effect' "
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sm1.path sm1 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sm1.ignore all &&
+	git config submodule.sm1.ignore all &&
+	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules all &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+* sm1 $head1...$head2 (1):
+  > Add foo3
+
+EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.sm1 &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules --remove-section submodule.sm1
+"
+
+
 commit_file sm1 &&
 head3=$(
 	cd sm1 &&
@@ -76,8 +130,8 @@ head3=$(
 )
 
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head3 (2):
   < Add foo3
   < Add foo2
@@ -89,8 +143,8 @@ EOF
 head4=$(add_file sm1 foo4 foo5) &&
 head4_full=$(GIT_DIR=sm1/.git git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
 test_expect_success 'modified submodule(backward and forward)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
@@ -102,15 +156,15 @@ EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success '--summary-limit' "
-    git submodule summary -n 3 >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary -n 3 >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head2...$head4 (4):
   > Add foo5
   > Add foo4
   < Add foo3
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
@@ -122,8 +176,8 @@ rm -f sm1 &&
 mv sm1-bak sm1
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --cached' "
-    git submodule summary --cached >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary --cached >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob) (3):
   < Add foo5
 
@@ -132,59 +186,59 @@ EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob), --files' "
-    git submodule summary --files >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary --files >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head5(blob)->$head4(submodule) (3):
   > Add foo5
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 rm -rf sm1 &&
 git checkout-index sm1
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(submodule->blob)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4(submodule)->$head5(blob):
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 rm -f sm1 &&
 test_create_repo sm1 &&
 head6=$(add_file sm1 foo6 foo7)
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent commit' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head4...$head6:
   Warn: sm1 doesn't contain commit $head4_full
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp actual expected
 "
 
 commit_file
 test_expect_success 'typechanged submodule(blob->submodule)' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head5(blob)->$head6(submodule) (2):
   > Add foo7
 
 EOF
-    test_i18ncmp expected actual
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm1 &&
 rm -rf sm1
 test_expect_success 'deleted submodule' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_create_repo sm2 &&
@@ -192,62 +246,60 @@ head7=$(add_file sm2 foo8 foo9) &&
 git add sm2
 
 test_expect_success 'multiple submodules' "
-    git submodule summary >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'path filter' "
-    git submodule summary sm2 >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary sm2 >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 commit_file sm2
 test_expect_success 'given commit' "
-    git submodule summary HEAD^ >actual &&
-    cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+	git submodule summary HEAD^ >actual &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
 * sm1 $head6...0000000:
 
 * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
   > Add foo9
 
 EOF
-    test_cmp expected actual
+	test_cmp expected actual
 "
 
 test_expect_success '--for-status' "
-    git submodule summary --for-status HEAD^ >actual &&
-    test_i18ncmp actual - <<EOF
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm1 $head6...0000000:
-#
-# * sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
-#   > Add foo9
-#
+	git submodule summary --for-status HEAD^ >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp actual - <<EOF
+* sm1 $head6...0000000:
+
+* sm2 0000000...$head7 (2):
+  > Add foo9
+
 EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'fail when using --files together with --cached' "
-    test_must_fail git submodule summary --files --cached
+	test_must_fail git submodule summary --files --cached
 "
 
 test_expect_success 'should not fail in an empty repo' "
-    git init xyzzy &&
-    cd xyzzy &&
-    git submodule summary >output 2>&1 &&
-    test_cmp output /dev/null
+	git init xyzzy &&
+	cd xyzzy &&
+	git submodule summary >output 2>&1 &&
+	test_cmp output /dev/null
 "
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
index f919c8d34d..8e32f19007 100755
--- a/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
+++ b/t/t7402-submodule-rebase.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2008 Johannes Schindelin
 #
 
-test_description='Test rebasing and stashing with dirty submodules'
+test_description='Test rebasing, stashing, etc. with submodules'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	echo second line >> file &&
 	(cd submodule && git pull) &&
 	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a
+	git commit -m file-and-submodule -a &&
+	git branch added-submodule
 
 '
 
@@ -89,4 +90,29 @@ test_expect_success 'stash with a dirty submodule' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'rebasing submodule that should conflict' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git checkout added-submodule &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m third &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m extra
+	) &&
+	git add submodule &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m fourth &&
+
+	test_must_fail git rebase --onto HEAD^^ HEAD^ HEAD^0 &&
+	git ls-files -s submodule >actual &&
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD^) 1	submodule" &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD^^) 2	submodule" &&
+		echo "160000 $(git rev-parse HEAD) 3	submodule"
+	) >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
index 3620215c1f..79bc135bf6 100755
--- a/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
+++ b/t/t7403-submodule-sync.sh
@@ -11,79 +11,340 @@ These tests exercise the "git submodule sync" subcommand.
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success setup '
-	echo file > file &&
+	echo file >file &&
 	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m upstream &&
 	git clone . super &&
 	git clone super submodule &&
-	(cd super &&
-	 git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -m "submodule"
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule sub-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "sub-submodule"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git submodule add ../submodule submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -m "submodule"
 	) &&
 	git clone super super-clone &&
-	(cd super-clone && git submodule update --init) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	) &&
 	git clone super empty-clone &&
-	(cd empty-clone && git submodule init) &&
-	git clone super top-only-clone
+	(
+		cd empty-clone &&
+		git submodule init
+	) &&
+	git clone super top-only-clone &&
+	git clone super relative-clone &&
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	) &&
+	git clone super recursive-clone &&
+	(
+		cd recursive-clone &&
+		git submodule update --init --recursive
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'change submodule' '
-	(cd submodule &&
-	 echo second line >> file &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -a -m "change submodule"
+	(
+		cd submodule &&
+		echo second line >>file &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m "change submodule"
 	)
 '
 
+reset_submodule_urls () {
+	local root
+	root=$(pwd) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "$root/submodule"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url "$root/submodule"
+	)
+}
+
 test_expect_success 'change submodule url' '
-	(cd super &&
-	 cd submodule &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		cd submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
 	) &&
 	mv submodule moved-submodule &&
-	(cd super &&
-	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
-	 test_tick &&
-	 git commit -a -m moved-submodule
+	(
+		cd moved-submodule &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.sub-submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m moved-sub-submodule
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule.url ../moved-submodule &&
+		test_tick &&
+		git commit -a -m moved-submodule
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update submodule URLs' '
-	(cd super-clone &&
-	 git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
-	 git submodule sync
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
+		git submodule sync
+	) &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test ! -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" should update all submodule URLs' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			git pull --no-recurse-submodules
+		) &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive
+	) &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'reset submodule URLs' '
+	reset_submodule_urls super-clone
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update submodule URLs - subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		git pull --no-recurse-submodules &&
+		mkdir -p sub &&
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule sync >../../output
 	) &&
-	test -d "$(cd super-clone/submodule &&
-	 git config remote.origin.url
+	grep "\\.\\./submodule" output &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test ! -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
 	)" &&
-	(cd super-clone/submodule &&
-	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" should update all submodule URLs - subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd super-clone &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			git pull --no-recurse-submodules
+		) &&
+		mkdir -p sub &&
+		cd sub &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive >../../output
 	) &&
-	(cd super-clone &&
-	 test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	grep "\\.\\./submodule/sub-submodule" output &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	test -d "$(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git config remote.origin.url
+	)" &&
+	(
+		cd super-clone/submodule/sub-submodule &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git pull
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should update known submodule URLs' '
-	(cd empty-clone &&
-	 git pull &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	 test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	(
+		cd empty-clone &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		test -d "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" should not vivify uninteresting submodule' '
-	(cd top-only-clone &&
-	 git pull &&
-	 git submodule sync &&
-	 test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)" &&
-	 git submodule sync submodule &&
-	 test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	(
+		cd top-only-clone &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)" &&
+		git submodule sync submodule &&
+		test -z "$(git config submodule.submodule.url)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form foo' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual fails with: "cannot strip off url foo
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		) &&
+		(
+			cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" != "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync --recursive" propagates changes in origin' '
+	(
+		cd recursive-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync --recursive &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		) &&
+		(
+			cd submodule/sub-submodule &&
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ./foo' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ./foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ./submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ./foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ./foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ./foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../foo/submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ../submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../submodule"
+		)
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo/bar' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd submodule &&
+			#actual ../foo/submodule
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../foo/submodule"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"git submodule sync" handles origin URL of the form ../foo/bar with deeply nested submodule' '
+	(
+		cd relative-clone &&
+		git remote set-url origin ../foo/bar &&
+		mkdir -p a/b/c &&
+		(
+			cd a/b/c &&
+			git init &&
+			>.gitignore &&
+			git add .gitignore &&
+			test_tick &&
+			git commit -m "initial commit"
+		) &&
+		git submodule add ../bar/a/b/c ./a/b/c &&
+		git submodule sync &&
+		(
+			cd a/b/c &&
+			#actual ../foo/bar/a/b/c
+			test "$(git config remote.origin.url)" = "../../../../foo/bar/a/b/c"
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
index 5b97222c48..dda3929d99 100755
--- a/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
+++ b/t/t7406-submodule-update.sh
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup a submodule tree' '
 	 git submodule add ../merging merging &&
 	 test_tick &&
 	 git commit -m "rebasing"
-	)
+	) &&
 	(cd super &&
 	 git submodule add ../none none &&
 	 test_tick &&
@@ -80,6 +80,21 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update detaching the HEAD ' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update from subdirectory' '
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	 git reset --hard HEAD~1
+	) &&
+	mkdir super/sub &&
+	(cd super/sub &&
+	 (cd ../submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update ../submodule &&
+	 cd ../submodule &&
+	 ! compare_head
+	)
+'
+
 apos="'";
 test_expect_success 'submodule update does not fetch already present commits' '
 	(cd submodule &&
@@ -123,6 +138,49 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update should throw away changes with --force ' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --force forcibly checks out submodules' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  rm -f file
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update --force submodule &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  test "$(git status -s file)" = ""
+	 )
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --remote should fetch upstream changes' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 echo line4 >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "upstream line4"
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 test "$(git log -1 --oneline)" = "$(GIT_DIR=../../submodule/.git git log -1 --oneline)"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'local config should override .gitmodules branch' '
+	(cd submodule &&
+	 git checkout -b test-branch &&
+	 echo line5 >> file &&
+	 git add file &&
+	 test_tick &&
+	 git commit -m "upstream line5" &&
+	 git checkout master
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.branch test-branch &&
+	 git submodule update --remote --force submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 test "$(git log -1 --oneline)" = "$(GIT_DIR=../../submodule/.git git log -1 --oneline test-branch)"
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule update --rebase staying on master' '
 	(cd super/submodule &&
 	  git checkout master
@@ -236,6 +294,50 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update - checkout in .git/config' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - command in .git/config' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update "!git checkout"
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  compare_head
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update submodule &&
+	 cd submodule &&
+	 ! compare_head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update - command in .git/config catches failure' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule.update "!false"
+	) &&
+	(cd super/submodule &&
+	  git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(cd super &&
+	 test_must_fail git submodule update submodule
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule init does not copy command into .git/config' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 H=$(git ls-files -s submodule | cut -d" " -f2) &&
+	 mkdir submodule1 &&
+	 git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $H submodule1 &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule1.path submodule1 &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule1.url ../submodule &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule1.update !false &&
+	 git submodule init submodule1 &&
+	 echo "none" >expect &&
+	 git config submodule.submodule1.update >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submodule init picks up rebase' '
 	(cd super &&
 	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.rebasing.update rebase &&
@@ -367,7 +469,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update continues after checkout error' '
 	 git submodule init &&
 	 git commit -am "new_submodule" &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd submodule &&
 	  test_commit "update_submodule" file
@@ -384,7 +486,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update continues after checkout error' '
 	 git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -413,7 +515,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update continues after recursive checkout error'
 	  test_commit "update_submodule_again_again" file
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect &&
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect &&
 	  test_commit "update_submodule2_again" file
 	 ) &&
 	 git add submodule &&
@@ -428,7 +530,7 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update continues after recursive checkout error'
 	 ) &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update --recursive &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -460,12 +562,12 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update exit immediately in case of merge conflict
 	 ) &&
 	 git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
 	 ) &&
 	 git config submodule.submodule.update merge &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -495,12 +597,12 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update exit immediately after recursive rebase er
 	 ) &&
 	 git checkout HEAD^ &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../expect
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
 	 ) &&
 	 git config submodule.submodule.update rebase &&
 	 test_must_fail git submodule update &&
 	 (cd submodule2 &&
-	  git rev-parse --max-count=1 HEAD > ../actual
+	  git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 test_cmp expect actual
 	)
@@ -553,14 +655,14 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add places git-dir in superprojects git-dir recur
 	   git log > ../../../expected
 	  ) &&
 	  git commit -m "added subsubmodule" &&
-	  git push
+	  git push origin :
 	 ) &&
 	 (cd .git/modules/deeper/submodule/modules/subsubmodule &&
 	  git log > ../../../../../actual
 	 ) &&
 	 git add deeper/submodule &&
 	 git commit -m "update submodule" &&
-	 git push &&
+	 git push origin : &&
 	 test_cmp actual expected
 	)
 '
@@ -600,7 +702,8 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule update places git-dir in superprojects git-dir re
 	rm -rf super_update_r2 &&
 	git clone super_update_r super_update_r2 &&
 	(cd super_update_r2 &&
-	 git submodule update --init --recursive &&
+	 git submodule update --init --recursive >actual &&
+	 test_i18ngrep "Submodule path .submodule/subsubmodule.: checked out" actual &&
 	 (cd submodule/subsubmodule &&
 	  git log > ../../expected
 	 ) &&
@@ -615,8 +718,60 @@ test_expect_success 'submodule add properly re-creates deeper level submodules'
 	(cd super &&
 	 git reset --hard master &&
 	 rm -rf deeper/ &&
-	 git submodule add ../submodule deeper/submodule
+	 git submodule add --force ../submodule deeper/submodule
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule update properly revives a moved submodule' '
+	(cd super &&
+	 H=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	 git commit -am "pre move" &&
+	 H2=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) &&
+	 git status | sed "s/$H/XXX/" >expect &&
+	 H=$(cd submodule2; git rev-parse HEAD) &&
+	 git rm --cached submodule2 &&
+	 rm -rf submodule2 &&
+	 mkdir -p "moved/sub module" &&
+	 git update-index --add --cacheinfo 160000 $H "moved/sub module" &&
+	 git config -f .gitmodules submodule.submodule2.path "moved/sub module"
+	 git commit -am "post move" &&
+	 git submodule update &&
+	 git status | sed "s/$H2/XXX/" >actual &&
+	 test_cmp expect actual
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'submodule update can handle symbolic links in pwd' '
+	mkdir -p linked/dir &&
+	ln -s linked/dir linkto &&
+	(cd linkto &&
+	 git clone "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"/super_update_r2 super &&
+	 (cd super &&
+	  git submodule update --init --recursive
+	 )
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update clone shallow submodule' '
+	git clone cloned super3 &&
+	pwd=$(pwd) &&
+	(cd super3 &&
+	 sed -e "s#url = ../#url = file://$pwd/#" <.gitmodules >.gitmodules.tmp &&
+	 mv -f .gitmodules.tmp .gitmodules &&
+	 git submodule update --init --depth=3
+	 (cd submodule &&
+	  test 1 = $(git log --oneline | wc -l)
+	 )
+)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule update --recursive drops module name before recursing' '
+	(cd super2 &&
+	 (cd deeper/submodule/subsubmodule &&
+	  git checkout HEAD^
+	 ) &&
+	 git submodule update --recursive deeper/submodule >actual &&
+	 test_i18ngrep "Submodule path .deeper/submodule/subsubmodule.: checked out" actual
+	)
+'
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
index 9b69fe2e14..7ca10b8606 100755
--- a/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
+++ b/t/t7407-submodule-foreach.sh
@@ -80,6 +80,22 @@ test_expect_success 'test basic "submodule foreach" usage' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
+cat >expect <<EOF
+Entering '../sub1'
+$pwd/clone-foo1-../sub1-$sub1sha1
+Entering '../sub3'
+$pwd/clone-foo3-../sub3-$sub3sha1
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'test "submodule foreach" from subdirectory' '
+	mkdir clone/sub &&
+	(
+		cd clone/sub &&
+		git submodule foreach "echo \$toplevel-\$name-\$sm_path-\$sha1" >../../actual
+	) &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup nested submodules' '
 	git clone submodule nested1 &&
 	git clone submodule nested2 &&
@@ -129,7 +145,7 @@ test_expect_success 'use "submodule foreach" to checkout 2nd level submodule' '
 		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/.git &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/.git &&
 		git submodule foreach "git submodule update --init" &&
-		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested1/nested2/.git
+		git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/.git &&
 		test_must_fail git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir nested1/nested2/nested3/.git
 	)
 '
@@ -226,22 +242,18 @@ test_expect_success 'test "status --recursive"' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-sed -e "/nested1 /s/.*/+$nested1sha1 nested1 (file2~1)/;/sub[1-3]/d" < expect > expect2
+sed -e "/nested2 /s/.*/+$nested2sha1 nested1\/nested2 (file2~1)/;/sub[1-3]/d" < expect > expect2
 mv -f expect2 expect
 
 test_expect_success 'ensure "status --cached --recursive" preserves the --cached flag' '
 	(
 		cd clone3 &&
 		(
-			cd nested1 &&
+			cd nested1/nested2 &&
 			test_commit file2
 		) &&
 		git submodule status --cached --recursive -- nested1 > ../actual
 	) &&
-	if test_have_prereq MINGW
-	then
-		dos2unix actual
-	fi &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -313,4 +325,13 @@ test_expect_success 'command passed to foreach --recursive retains notion of std
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'multi-argument command passed to foreach is not shell-evaluated twice' '
+	(
+		cd super &&
+		git submodule foreach "echo \\\"quoted\\\"" > ../expected &&
+		git submodule foreach echo \"quoted\" > ../actual
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh b/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh
index ab37c368d0..b770b2f04d 100755
--- a/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh
+++ b/t/t7408-submodule-reference.sh
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ git prune'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
-test_expect_success 'preparing supermodule' \
+test_expect_success 'preparing superproject' \
 'test_create_repo super && cd super &&
 echo file > file &&
 git add file &&
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ git commit -m B-super-added'
 cd "$base_dir"
 
 test_expect_success 'after add: existence of info/alternates' \
-'test `wc -l <super/.git/modules/sub/objects/info/alternates` = 1'
+'test_line_count = 1 super/.git/modules/sub/objects/info/alternates'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ diff expected current'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
-test_expect_success 'cloning supermodule' \
+test_expect_success 'cloning superproject' \
 'git clone super super-clone'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ test_expect_success 'update with reference' \
 cd "$base_dir"
 
 test_expect_success 'after update: existence of info/alternates' \
-'test `wc -l <super-clone/.git/modules/sub/objects/info/alternates` = 1'
+'test_line_count = 1 super-clone/.git/modules/sub/objects/info/alternates'
 
 cd "$base_dir"
 
diff --git a/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh b/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c20717181e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7409-submodule-detached-worktree.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Daniel Graña
+#
+
+test_description='Test submodules on detached working tree
+
+This test verifies that "git submodule" initialization, update and addition works
+on detahced working trees
+'
+
+TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO=1
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule on detached working tree' '
+	git init --bare remote &&
+	test_create_repo bundle1 &&
+	(
+		cd bundle1 &&
+		test_commit "shoot" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD >../expect
+	) &&
+	mkdir home &&
+	(
+		cd home &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+		git clone --bare ../remote .dotfiles &&
+		git submodule add ../bundle1 .vim/bundle/sogood &&
+		test_commit "sogood" &&
+		(
+			unset GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+			cd .vim/bundle/sogood &&
+			git rev-parse --verify HEAD >actual &&
+			test_cmp ../../../../expect actual
+		) &&
+		git push origin master
+	) &&
+	mkdir home2 &&
+	(
+		cd home2 &&
+		git clone --bare ../remote .dotfiles &&
+		GIT_WORK_TREE="$(pwd)" &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git submodule update --init &&
+		(
+			unset GIT_WORK_TREE GIT_DIR &&
+			cd .vim/bundle/sogood &&
+			git rev-parse --verify HEAD >actual &&
+			test_cmp ../../../../expect actual
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submodule on detached working pointed by core.worktree' '
+	mkdir home3 &&
+	(
+		cd home3 &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		git clone --bare ../remote "$GIT_DIR" &&
+		git config core.bare false &&
+		git config core.worktree .. &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git submodule add ../bundle1 .vim/bundle/dupe &&
+		test_commit "dupe" &&
+		git push origin master
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd home &&
+		GIT_DIR="$(pwd)/.dotfiles" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		git config core.bare false &&
+		git config core.worktree .. &&
+		git pull &&
+		git submodule update --init &&
+		test -f .vim/bundle/dupe/shoot.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7500-commit.sh b/t/t7500-commit.sh
index 1c908f4d39..116885a260 100755
--- a/t/t7500-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7500-commit.sh
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ commit_msg_is () {
 	expect=commit_msg_is.expect
 	actual=commit_msg_is.actual
 
-	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >$expect &&
-	printf "%s" "$1" >$actual &&
-	test_i18ncmp $expect $actual
+	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >"$actual" &&
+	printf "%s" "$1" >"$expect" &&
+	test_i18ncmp "$expect" "$actual"
 }
 
 # A sanity check to see if commit is working at all.
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ test_expect_success 'nonexistent template file should return error' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nonexistent template file in config should return error' '
-	git config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset commit.template" &&
+	test_config commit.template "$PWD"/notexist &&
 	(
 		GIT_EDITOR="echo hello >\"\$1\"" &&
 		export GIT_EDITOR &&
@@ -93,14 +92,13 @@ test_expect_success '-t option should be short for --template' '
 
 test_expect_success 'config-specified template should commit' '
 	echo "new template" > "$TEMPLATE" &&
-	git config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
+	test_config commit.template "$TEMPLATE" &&
 	echo "more content" >> foo &&
 	git add foo &&
 	(
 		test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content &&
 		git commit
 	) &&
-	git config --unset commit.template &&
 	commit_msg_is "new templatecommit message"
 '
 
@@ -225,7 +223,8 @@ test_expect_success 'Commit without message is allowed with --allow-empty-messag
 	git add foo &&
 	>empty &&
 	git commit --allow-empty-message <empty &&
-	commit_msg_is ""
+	commit_msg_is "" &&
+	git tag empty-message-commit
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'Commit without message is no-no without --allow-empty-message' '
@@ -242,6 +241,14 @@ test_expect_success 'Commit a message with --allow-empty-message' '
 	commit_msg_is "hello there"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'commit -C empty respects --allow-empty-message' '
+	echo more >>foo &&
+	git add foo &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -C empty-message-commit &&
+	git commit -C empty-message-commit --allow-empty-message &&
+	commit_msg_is ""
+'
+
 commit_for_rebase_autosquash_setup () {
 	echo "first content line" >>foo &&
 	git add foo &&
diff --git a/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment b/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..c4dccff13a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7500/add-content-and-comment
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo "commit message" >> "$1"
+echo "# comment" >> "$1"
+exit 0
+
diff --git a/t/t7501-commit.sh b/t/t7501-commit.sh
index 8bb38337a9..63e04277f9 100755
--- a/t/t7501-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7501-commit.sh
@@ -30,10 +30,12 @@ test_expect_success 'setup: initial commit' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success '-m and -F do not mix' '
+	git checkout HEAD file && echo >>file && git add file &&
 	test_must_fail git commit -m foo -m bar -F file
 '
 
 test_expect_success '-m and -C do not mix' '
+	git checkout HEAD file && echo >>file && git add file &&
 	test_must_fail git commit -C HEAD -m illegal
 '
 
@@ -51,18 +53,55 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'can use paths with --interactive' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'using invalid commit with -C' '
-	test_must_fail git commit -C bogus
+	test_must_fail git commit --allow-empty -C bogus
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'nothing to commit' '
+	git reset --hard &&
 	test_must_fail git commit -m initial
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--dry-run fails with nothing to commit' '
+	test_must_fail git commit -m initial --dry-run
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--short fails with nothing to commit' '
+	test_must_fail git commit -m initial --short
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--porcelain fails with nothing to commit' '
+	test_must_fail git commit -m initial --porcelain
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--long fails with nothing to commit' '
+	test_must_fail git commit -m initial --long
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup: non-initial commit' '
 	echo bongo bongo bongo >file &&
 	git commit -m next -a
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--dry-run with stuff to commit returns ok' '
+	echo bongo bongo bongo >>file &&
+	git commit -m next -a --dry-run
+'
+
+test_expect_failure '--short with stuff to commit returns ok' '
+	echo bongo bongo bongo >>file &&
+	git commit -m next -a --short
+'
+
+test_expect_failure '--porcelain with stuff to commit returns ok' '
+	echo bongo bongo bongo >>file &&
+	git commit -m next -a --porcelain
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--long with stuff to commit returns ok' '
+	echo bongo bongo bongo >>file &&
+	git commit -m next -a --long
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'commit message from non-existing file' '
 	echo more bongo: bongo bongo bongo bongo >file &&
 	test_must_fail git commit -F gah -a
@@ -79,7 +118,19 @@ test_expect_success 'empty commit message' '
 	test_must_fail git commit -F msg -a
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'template "emptyness" check does not kick in with -F' '
+	git checkout HEAD file && echo >>file && git add file &&
+	git commit -t file -F file
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'template "emptyness" check' '
+	git checkout HEAD file && echo >>file && git add file &&
+	test_must_fail git commit -t file 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "did not edit" err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup: commit message from file' '
+	git checkout HEAD file && echo >>file && git add file &&
 	echo this is the commit message, coming from a file >msg &&
 	git commit -F msg -a
 '
@@ -94,6 +145,16 @@ test_expect_success 'amend commit' '
 	EDITOR=./editor git commit --amend
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'amend --only ignores staged contents' '
+	cp file file.expect &&
+	echo changed >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --no-edit --amend --only &&
+	git cat-file blob HEAD:file >file.actual &&
+	test_cmp file.expect file.actual &&
+	git diff --exit-code
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'set up editor' '
 	cat >editor <<-\EOF &&
 	#!/bin/sh
@@ -124,6 +185,21 @@ test_expect_success '--amend --edit' '
 	test_cmp expect msg
 '
 
+test_expect_success '--amend --edit of empty message' '
+	cat >replace <<-\EOF &&
+	#!/bin/sh
+	echo "amended" >"$1"
+	EOF
+	chmod 755 replace &&
+	git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message -m "" &&
+	echo more bongo >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	EDITOR=./replace git commit --edit --amend &&
+	git diff-tree -s --format=%s HEAD >msg &&
+	./replace expect &&
+	test_cmp expect msg
+'
+
 test_expect_success '-m --edit' '
 	echo amended >expect &&
 	git commit --allow-empty -m buffer &&
@@ -270,8 +346,21 @@ test_expect_success 'amend commit to fix date' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'commit complains about bogus date' '
-	test_must_fail git commit --amend --date=10.11.2010
+test_expect_success 'commit mentions forced date in output' '
+	git commit --amend --date=2010-01-02T03:04:05 >output &&
+	grep "Date: *Sat Jan 2 03:04:05 2010" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit complains about completely bogus dates' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --amend --date=seventeen
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit --date allows approxidate' '
+	git commit --amend \
+		--date="midnight the 12th of october, anno domini 1979" &&
+	echo "Fri Oct 12 00:00:00 1979 +0000" >expect &&
+	git log -1 --format=%ad >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'sign off (1)' '
@@ -473,4 +562,29 @@ test_expect_success 'amend can copy notes' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'commit a file whose name is a dash' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	for i in 1 2 3 4 5
+	do
+		echo $i
+	done >./- &&
+	git add ./- &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m "add dash" >output </dev/null &&
+	test_i18ngrep " changed, 5 insertions" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--only works on to-be-born branch' '
+	# This test relies on having something in the index, as it
+	# would not otherwise actually prove much.  So check this.
+	test -n "$(git ls-files)" &&
+	git checkout --orphan orphan &&
+	echo foo >newfile &&
+	git add newfile &&
+	git commit --only newfile -m"--only on unborn branch" &&
+	echo newfile >expected &&
+	git ls-tree -r --name-only HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7502-commit.sh b/t/t7502-commit.sh
index 3f3adc31b9..051489ea33 100755
--- a/t/t7502-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7502-commit.sh
@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@ test_description='git commit porcelain-ish'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
+commit_msg_is () {
+	expect=commit_msg_is.expect
+	actual=commit_msg_is.actual
+
+	printf "%s" "$(git log --pretty=format:%s%b -1)" >$actual &&
+	printf "%s" "$1" >$expect &&
+	test_i18ncmp $expect $actual
+}
+
 # Arguments: [<prefix] [<commit message>] [<commit options>]
 check_summary_oneline() {
 	test_tick &&
@@ -162,23 +171,30 @@ test_expect_success 'verbose' '
 
 test_expect_success 'verbose respects diff config' '
 
-	git config color.diff always &&
+	test_config color.diff always &&
 	git status -v >actual &&
-	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual &&
-	git config --unset color.diff
+	grep "\[1mdiff --git" actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-t)' '
+mesg_with_comment_and_newlines='
+# text
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare file with comment line and trailing newlines'  '
+	printf "%s" "$mesg_with_comment_and_newlines" >expect
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-t)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
-	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >expect &&
-	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -t expect -a &&
-	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" |head -n 3 >actual &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim --no-status -t expect -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -F expect -a &&
@@ -187,16 +203,16 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-F)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim,-m)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (verbatim option,-m)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
-	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$(cat expect)" -a &&
+	git commit --cleanup=verbatim -m "$mesg_with_comment_and_newlines" -a &&
 	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo; } >text &&
@@ -207,7 +223,23 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (whitespace,-F)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (scissors option,-F,-e)' '
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	cat >text <<EOF &&
+
+# to be kept
+# ------------------------ >8 ------------------------
+to be removed
+EOF
+	echo "# to be kept" >expect &&
+	git commit --cleanup=scissors -e -F text -a &&
+	git cat-file -p HEAD |sed -e "1,/^\$/d">actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo "# text";echo sample;echo; } >text &&
@@ -218,7 +250,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F)' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e)' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F,-e)' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	{ echo;echo sample;echo; } >text &&
@@ -231,48 +263,143 @@ echo "sample
 # Please enter the commit message for your changes. Lines starting
 # with '#' will be ignored, and an empty message aborts the commit." >expect
 
-test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip,-F,-e): output' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit messages (strip option,-F,-e): output' '
 	test_i18ncmp expect actual
 '
 
-echo "#
-# Author:    $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL>
-#" >> expect
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (fail on invalid cleanup mode option)' '
+	test_must_fail git commit --cleanup=non-existent
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'author different from committer' '
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (fail on invalid cleanup mode configuration)' '
+	test_must_fail git -c commit.cleanup=non-existent commit
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (no config and no option uses default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git commit --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (option overrides default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git commit --cleanup=whitespace --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message # comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (config overrides default)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --no-status
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message # comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (option overrides config)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	(
+	  test_set_editor "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t7500/add-content-and-comment &&
+	  git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --cleanup=default
+	) &&
+	commit_msg_is "commit message"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (default, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (whitespace option, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit --cleanup=whitespace --no-status -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup commit message (whitespace config, -m)' '
+	echo content >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git -c commit.cleanup=whitespace commit --no-status -m "message #comment " &&
+	commit_msg_is "message #comment"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'message shows author when it is not equal to committer' '
 	echo >>negative &&
-	test_might_fail git commit -e -m "sample" &&
-	head -n 7 .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
-	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+	git commit -e -m "sample" -a &&
+	test_i18ngrep \
+	  "^# Author: *A U Thor <author@example.com>\$" \
+	  .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 '
 
-mv expect expect.tmp
-sed '$d' < expect.tmp > expect
-rm -f expect.tmp
-echo "# Committer:
-#" >> expect
+test_expect_success 'message shows date when it is explicitly set' '
+	git commit --allow-empty -e -m foo --date="2010-01-02T03:04:05" &&
+	test_i18ngrep \
+	  "^# Date: *Sat Jan 2 03:04:05 2010 +0000" \
+	  .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'committer is automatic' '
+test_expect_success AUTOIDENT 'message shows committer when it is automatic' '
 
 	echo >>negative &&
 	(
 		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
 		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
-		# must fail because there is no change
-		test_must_fail git commit -e -m "sample"
+		git commit -e -m "sample" -a
 	) &&
-	head -n 8 .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG |	\
-	sed "s/^# Committer: .*/# Committer:/" >actual
-	test_i18ncmp expect actual
+	# the ident is calculated from the system, so we cannot
+	# check the actual value, only that it is there
+	test_i18ngrep "^# Committer: " .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 '
 
-pwd=`pwd`
-cat >> .git/FAKE_EDITOR << EOF
-#! /bin/sh
-echo editor started > "$pwd/.git/result"
+write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
+echo editor started > "$(pwd)/.git/result"
 exit 0
 EOF
-chmod +x .git/FAKE_EDITOR
+
+test_expect_success !AUTOIDENT 'do not fire editor when committer is bogus' '
+	>.git/result
+	>expect &&
+
+	echo >>negative &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+		sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+		GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" &&
+		export GIT_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git commit -e -m sample -a
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expect .git/result
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor if -m <msg> was given' '
+	echo tick >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -m tick) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'do not fire editor if -m "" was given' '
+	echo tock >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
+	(GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" \
+	 git commit -m "" --allow-empty-message) &&
+	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'do not fire editor in the presence of conflicts' '
 
@@ -293,16 +420,14 @@ test_expect_success 'do not fire editor in the presence of conflicts' '
 	test_must_fail git cherry-pick -n master &&
 	echo "editor not started" >.git/result &&
 	(
-		GIT_EDITOR="$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR" &&
+		GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/.git/FAKE_EDITOR\"" &&
 		export GIT_EDITOR &&
 		test_must_fail git commit
 	) &&
 	test "$(cat .git/result)" = "editor not started"
 '
 
-pwd=`pwd`
-cat >.git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
-#! $SHELL_PATH
+write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
 # kill -TERM command added below.
 EOF
 
@@ -335,31 +460,32 @@ test_expect_success 'A single-liner subject with a token plus colon is not a foo
 	git reset --hard &&
 	git commit -s -m "hello: kitty" --allow-empty &&
 	git cat-file commit HEAD | sed -e "1,/^$/d" >actual &&
-	test $(wc -l <actual) = 3
+	test_line_count = 3 actual
+
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit -s places sob on third line after two empty lines' '
+	git commit -s --allow-empty --allow-empty-message &&
+	cat <<-EOF >expect &&
+
 
+	Signed-off-by: $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>
+
+	EOF
+	sed -e "/^#/d" -e "s/^:.*//" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-cat >.git/FAKE_EDITOR <<EOF
-#!$SHELL_PATH
-mv "\$1" "\$1.orig"
+write_script .git/FAKE_EDITOR <<\EOF
+mv "$1" "$1.orig"
 (
 	echo message
-	cat "\$1.orig"
-) >"\$1"
+	cat "$1.orig"
+) >"$1"
 EOF
 
 echo '## Custom template' >template
 
-clear_config () {
-	(
-		git config --unset-all "$1"
-		case $? in
-		0|5)	exit 0 ;;
-		*)	exit 1 ;;
-		esac
-	)
-}
-
 try_commit () {
 	git reset --hard &&
 	echo >>negative &&
@@ -375,67 +501,57 @@ try_commit () {
 try_commit_status_combo () {
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit "" &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = yes' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status yes &&
+		test_config commit.status yes &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --status with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit --status &&
 		test_i18ngrep "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success 'commit --no-status with commit.status = no' '
-		clear_config commit.status &&
-		git config commit.status no &&
+		test_config commit.status no &&
 		try_commit --no-status &&
 		test_i18ngrep ! "^# Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
 	'
@@ -448,4 +564,36 @@ use_template="-t template"
 
 try_commit_status_combo
 
+test_expect_success 'commit --status with custom comment character' '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";" &&
+	try_commit --status &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^; Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch core.commentchar' '
+	test_commit "#foo" foo &&
+	GIT_EDITOR=.git/FAKE_EDITOR git -c core.commentChar=auto commit --amend &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^; Changes to be committed:" .git/COMMIT_EDITMSG
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'switch core.commentchar but out of options' '
+	cat >text <<\EOF &&
+# 1
+; 2
+@ 3
+! 4
+$ 5
+% 6
+^ 7
+& 8
+| 9
+: 10
+EOF
+	git commit --amend -F text &&
+	(
+		test_set_editor .git/FAKE_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git -c core.commentChar=auto commit --amend
+	)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh b/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh
index ee7f0cd459..984889b39d 100755
--- a/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t7503-pre-commit-hook.sh
@@ -118,4 +118,22 @@ test_expect_success 'with failing hook requiring GIT_PREFIX' '
 	git checkout -- file
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'check the author in hook' '
+	write_script "$HOOK" <<-\EOF &&
+	test "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" = "New Author" &&
+	test "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" = "newauthor@example.com"
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git commit --allow-empty -m "by a.u.thor" &&
+	(
+		GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="New Author" &&
+		GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL="newauthor@example.com" &&
+		export GIT_AUTHOR_NAME GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+		git commit --allow-empty -m "by new.author via env" &&
+		git show -s
+	) &&
+	git commit --author="New Author <newauthor@example.com>" \
+		--allow-empty -m "by new.author via command line" &&
+	git show -s
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
index 5b4b694f18..03dce09cfe 100755
--- a/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
+++ b/t/t7505-prepare-commit-msg-hook.sh
@@ -134,14 +134,26 @@ test_expect_success 'with hook (-c)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'with hook (merge)' '
 
-	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
-	git checkout -b other HEAD@{1} &&
-	echo "more" >> file &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m other &&
+	git checkout - &&
+	git merge --no-ff other &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "merge (no editor)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with hook and editor (merge)' '
+
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >>file &&
 	git add file &&
 	git commit -m other &&
 	git checkout - &&
-	git merge other &&
-	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = merge
+	env GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git merge --no-ff -e other &&
+	test "`git log -1 --pretty=format:%s`" = "merge"
 '
 
 cat > "$HOOK" <<'EOF'
@@ -151,21 +163,38 @@ EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'with failing hook' '
 
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
 	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
-	! GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -c $head
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit -c $head
 
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'with failing hook (--no-verify)' '
 
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
 	head=`git rev-parse HEAD` &&
 	echo "more" >> file &&
 	git add file &&
-	! GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify -c $head
+	test_must_fail env GIT_EDITOR="\"\$FAKE_EDITOR\"" git commit --no-verify -c $head
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'with failing hook (merge)' '
+
+	test_when_finished "git checkout -f master" &&
+	git checkout -B other HEAD@{1} &&
+	echo "more" >> file &&
+	git add file &&
+	rm -f "$HOOK" &&
+	git commit -m other &&
+	write_script "$HOOK" <<-EOF &&
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	git checkout - &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff other
+
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh b/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
index da5bd3b5a5..2ddf28c984 100755
--- a/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
+++ b/t/t7507-commit-verbose.sh
@@ -65,9 +65,35 @@ test_expect_success 'diff in message is retained without -v' '
 	check_message diff
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'diff in message is retained with -v' '
+test_expect_success 'diff in message is retained with -v' '
 	git commit --amend -F diff -v &&
 	check_message diff
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submodule log is stripped out too with -v' '
+	git config diff.submodule log &&
+	git submodule add ./. sub &&
+	git commit -m "sub added" &&
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		echo "more" >>file &&
+		git commit -a -m "submodule commit"
+	) &&
+	(
+		GIT_EDITOR=cat &&
+		export GIT_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git commit -a -v 2>err
+	) &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Aborting commit due to empty commit message." err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verbose diff is stripped out with set core.commentChar' '
+	(
+		GIT_EDITOR=cat &&
+		export GIT_EDITOR &&
+		test_must_fail git -c core.commentchar=";" commit -a -v 2>err
+	) &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Aborting commit due to empty commit message." err
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7508-status.sh b/t/t7508-status.sh
index fc57b135c5..c3ed7cb51c 100755
--- a/t/t7508-status.sh
+++ b/t/t7508-status.sh
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ test_description='git status'
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
 test_expect_success 'status -h in broken repository' '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
 	mkdir broken &&
 	test_when_finished "rm -fr broken" &&
 	(
@@ -59,7 +60,20 @@ test_expect_success 'status (1)' '
 	test_i18ngrep "use \"git rm --cached <file>\.\.\.\" to unstage" output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
+strip_comments () {
+	tab='	'
+	sed "s/^\# //; s/^\#$//; s/^#$tab/$tab/" <"$1" >"$1".tmp &&
+	rm "$1" && mv "$1".tmp "$1"
+}
+
+cat >.gitignore <<\EOF
+.gitignore
+expect*
+output*
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status --column' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
 # On branch master
 # Changes to be committed:
 #   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
@@ -75,39 +89,111 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 # Untracked files:
 #   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
 #
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
+#	dir1/untracked dir2/untracked
+#	dir2/modified  untracked
+#
 EOF
+	COLUMNS=50 git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status --column="column dense" >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
 
-test_expect_success 'status (2)' '
-	git status >output &&
+test_expect_success 'status --column status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	COLUMNS=49 git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status --column="column dense" >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 # On branch master
 # Changes to be committed:
+#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+#
 #	new file:   dir2/added
 #
 # Changes not staged for commit:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+#
 #	modified:   dir1/modified
 #
 # Untracked files:
+#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+#
 #	dir1/untracked
 #	dir2/modified
 #	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
 #	untracked
+#
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'status with status.displayCommentPrefix=true' '
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status with status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status -v' '
+	(cat expect && git diff --cached) >expect-with-v &&
+	git status -v >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect-with-v output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status -v -v' '
+	(cat expect &&
+	 echo "Changes to be committed:" &&
+	 git -c diff.mnemonicprefix=true diff --cached &&
+	 echo "--------------------------------------------------" &&
+	 echo "Changes not staged for commit:" &&
+	 git -c diff.mnemonicprefix=true diff) >expect-with-v &&
+	git status -v -v >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect-with-v output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup fake editor' '
+	cat >.git/editor <<-\EOF &&
+	#! /bin/sh
+	cp "$1" output
+EOF
+	chmod 755 .git/editor
+'
+
+commit_template_commented () {
+	(
+		EDITOR=.git/editor &&
+		export EDITOR &&
+		# Fails due to empty message
+		test_must_fail git commit
+	) &&
+	! grep '^[^#]' output
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'commit ignores status.displayCommentPrefix=false in COMMIT_EDITMSG' '
+	commit_template_commented
+'
+
+cat >expect <<\EOF
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'status (advice.statusHints false)' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset advice.statusHints" &&
-	git config advice.statusHints false &&
+	test_config advice.statusHints false &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 
@@ -119,8 +205,6 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -134,7 +218,7 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s' '
 test_expect_success 'status with gitignore' '
 	{
 		echo ".gitignore" &&
-		echo "expect" &&
+		echo "expect*" &&
 		echo "output" &&
 		echo "untracked"
 	} >.gitignore &&
@@ -155,39 +239,43 @@ test_expect_success 'status with gitignore' '
 	!! dir1/untracked
 	!! dir2/untracked
 	!! expect
+	!! expect-with-v
 	!! output
 	!! untracked
 	EOF
 	git status -s --ignored >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
 
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch master
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	new file:   dir2/added
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   dir1/modified
-	#
-	# Untracked files:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	dir2/modified
-	# Ignored files:
-	#   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	.gitignore
-	#	dir1/untracked
-	#	dir2/untracked
-	#	expect
-	#	output
-	#	untracked
-	EOF
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir2/modified
+
+Ignored files:
+  (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitignore
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	expect-with-v
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignored >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -195,7 +283,7 @@ test_expect_success 'status with gitignore' '
 test_expect_success 'status with gitignore (nothing untracked)' '
 	{
 		echo ".gitignore" &&
-		echo "expect" &&
+		echo "expect*" &&
 		echo "dir2/modified" &&
 		echo "output" &&
 		echo "untracked"
@@ -216,41 +304,48 @@ test_expect_success 'status with gitignore (nothing untracked)' '
 	!! dir2/modified
 	!! dir2/untracked
 	!! expect
+	!! expect-with-v
 	!! output
 	!! untracked
 	EOF
 	git status -s --ignored >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output &&
 
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
-	# On branch master
-	# Changes to be committed:
-	#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-	#
-	#	new file:   dir2/added
-	#
-	# Changes not staged for commit:
-	#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-	#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-	#
-	#	modified:   dir1/modified
-	#
-	# Ignored files:
-	#   (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-	#
-	#	.gitignore
-	#	dir1/untracked
-	#	dir2/modified
-	#	dir2/untracked
-	#	expect
-	#	output
-	#	untracked
-	EOF
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Ignored files:
+  (use "git add -f <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitignore
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	expect
+	expect-with-v
+	output
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignored >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-rm -f .gitignore
+cat >.gitignore <<\EOF
+.gitignore
+expect*
+output*
+EOF
 
 cat >expect <<\EOF
 ## master
@@ -259,8 +354,6 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -271,55 +364,62 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s -b' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status -s -z -b' '
+	tr "\\n" Q <expect >expect.q &&
+	mv expect.q expect &&
+	git status -s -z -b >output &&
+	nul_to_q <output >output.q &&
+	mv output.q output &&
+	test_cmp expect output
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup dir3' '
 	mkdir dir3 &&
 	: >dir3/untracked1 &&
 	: >dir3/untracked2
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -uno' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
 	git status -uno >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles no)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles no &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files not listed
-EOF
-git config advice.statusHints false
 test_expect_success 'status -uno (advice.statusHints false)' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files not listed
+EOF
+	test_config advice.statusHints false &&
 	git status -uno >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
-git config --unset advice.statusHints
 
 cat >expect << EOF
  M dir1/modified
@@ -331,43 +431,41 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s -uno' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles no)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no
+	git config status.showuntrackedfiles no &&
 	git status -s >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	dir3/
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -unormal' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	dir3/
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status -unormal >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles normal)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles normal &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -379,8 +477,6 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
 ?? dir3/
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s -unormal' '
@@ -389,44 +485,42 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s -unormal' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles normal)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal
+	git config status.showuntrackedfiles normal &&
 	git status -s >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	dir3/untracked1
-#	dir3/untracked2
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -uall' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	dir3/untracked1
+	dir3/untracked2
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status -uall >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles" &&
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles all &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -441,48 +535,43 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s -uall' '
-	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles
+	test_unconfig status.showuntrackedfiles &&
 	git status -s -uall >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 test_expect_success 'status -s (status.showUntrackedFiles all)' '
-	git config status.showuntrackedfiles all
+	test_config status.showuntrackedfiles all &&
 	git status -s >output &&
 	rm -rf dir3 &&
-	git config --unset status.showuntrackedfiles &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   ../dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	untracked
-#	../dir2/modified
-#	../dir2/untracked
-#	../expect
-#	../output
-#	../untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'status with relative paths' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   ../dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	untracked
+	../dir2/modified
+	../dir2/untracked
+	../untracked
+
+EOF
 	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -493,8 +582,6 @@ A  ../dir2/added
 ?? untracked
 ?? ../dir2/modified
 ?? ../dir2/untracked
-?? ../expect
-?? ../output
 ?? ../untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s with relative paths' '
@@ -510,8 +597,6 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -529,40 +614,36 @@ test_expect_success 'setup unique colors' '
 
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch <GREEN>master<RESET>
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	<GREEN>new file:   dir2/added<RESET>
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	<RED>modified:   dir1/modified<RESET>
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	<BLUE>dir1/untracked<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>dir2/modified<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>dir2/untracked<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>expect<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>output<RESET>
-#	<BLUE>untracked<RESET>
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'status with color.ui' '
-	git config color.ui always &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset color.ui" &&
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch <GREEN>master<RESET>
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	<GREEN>new file:   dir2/added<RESET>
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	<RED>modified:   dir1/modified<RESET>
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	<BLUE>dir1/untracked<RESET>
+	<BLUE>dir2/modified<RESET>
+	<BLUE>dir2/untracked<RESET>
+	<BLUE>untracked<RESET>
+
+EOF
+	test_config color.ui always &&
 	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'status with color.status' '
-	git config color.status always &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset color.status" &&
+	test_config color.status always &&
 	git status | test_decode_color >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -573,8 +654,6 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir1/untracked
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir2/modified
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir2/untracked
-<BLUE>??<RESET> expect
-<BLUE>??<RESET> output
 <BLUE>??<RESET> untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -602,8 +681,6 @@ cat >expect <<\EOF
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir1/untracked
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir2/modified
 <BLUE>??<RESET> dir2/untracked
-<BLUE>??<RESET> expect
-<BLUE>??<RESET> output
 <BLUE>??<RESET> untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -620,8 +697,6 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 
@@ -647,42 +722,44 @@ test_expect_success 'status --porcelain ignores color.status' '
 git config --unset color.status
 git config --unset color.ui
 
-test_expect_success 'status --porcelain ignores -b' '
+test_expect_success 'status --porcelain respects -b' '
 
 	git status --porcelain -b >output &&
+	{
+		echo "## master" &&
+		cat expect
+	} >tmp &&
+	mv tmp expect &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 
 '
 
-cat >expect <<\EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 
 
 test_expect_success 'status without relative paths' '
+	cat >expect <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
 
-	git config status.relativePaths false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.relativePaths" &&
+EOF
+	test_config status.relativePaths false &&
 	(cd dir1 && git status) >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 
@@ -694,37 +771,33 @@ A  dir2/added
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'status -s without relative paths' '
 
-	git config status.relativePaths false &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset status.relativePaths" &&
+	test_config status.relativePaths false &&
 	(cd dir1 && git status -s) >output &&
 	test_cmp expect output
 
 '
 
-cat <<EOF >expect
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'dry-run of partial commit excluding new file in index' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git commit --dry-run dir1/modified >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -749,31 +822,30 @@ test_expect_success 'setup status submodule summary' '
 	git add sm
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status submodule summary is disabled by default' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -791,8 +863,6 @@ A  sm
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary is disabled by default' '
@@ -808,41 +878,50 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s --untracked-files=all does not show submodule' '
 
 head=$(cd sm && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm 0000000...$head (1):
-#   > Add foo
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'status submodule summary' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm 0000000...$head (1):
+  > Add foo
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary with status.displayCommentPrefix=false' '
+	strip_comments expect &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=false status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'commit with submodule summary ignores status.displayCommentPrefix' '
+	commit_template_commented
+'
+
 cat >expect <<EOF
  M dir1/modified
 A  dir2/added
@@ -850,8 +929,6 @@ A  sm
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary' '
@@ -859,26 +936,25 @@ test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
+test_expect_success 'status submodule summary (clean submodule): commit' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
 no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
 EOF
-test_expect_success 'status submodule summary (clean submodule): commit' '
 	git commit -m "commit submodule" &&
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	test_must_fail git commit --dry-run >output &&
@@ -892,8 +968,6 @@ cat >expect <<EOF
 ?? dir1/untracked
 ?? dir2/modified
 ?? dir2/untracked
-?? expect
-?? output
 ?? untracked
 EOF
 test_expect_success 'status -s submodule summary (clean submodule)' '
@@ -908,36 +982,35 @@ test_expect_success 'status -z implies porcelain' '
 	test_cmp expect output
 '
 
-cat >expect <<EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD^1 <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	new file:   dir2/added
-#	new file:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm 0000000...$head (1):
-#   > Add foo
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
 test_expect_success 'commit --dry-run submodule summary (--amend)' '
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD^1 <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	new file:   dir2/added
+	new file:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm 0000000...$head (1):
+  > Add foo
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git config status.submodulesummary 10 &&
 	git commit --dry-run --amend >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
@@ -962,52 +1035,49 @@ test_expect_success POSIXPERM,SANITY 'status succeeds in a read-only repository'
 new_head=$(cd sm && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 touch .gitmodules
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	echo modified  sm/untracked &&
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
-	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore untracked &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
-	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=untracked suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -1027,15 +1097,14 @@ test_expect_success '--ignore-submodules=dirty suppresses submodules with untrac
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
-	git config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
+	test_config diff.ignoreSubmodules dirty &&
 	git status >output &&
 	! test -s actual &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore dirty &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status >output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
-	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname &&
-	git config --unset diff.ignoreSubmodules
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
 test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with untracked content' '
@@ -1074,39 +1143,37 @@ test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=dirty suppresses submodules with modifie
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#   (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#	modified:   sm (modified content)
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodules with modified content" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+	modified:   sm (modified content)
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -1132,43 +1199,41 @@ test_expect_success ".git/config ignore=untracked doesn't suppress submodules wi
 
 head2=$(cd sm && git commit -q -m "2nd commit" foo && git rev-parse --short=7 --verify HEAD)
 
-cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes to be committed:
-#   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
-#
-#	modified:   sm
-#
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#	modified:   sm (new commits)
-#
-# Submodule changes to be committed:
-#
-# * sm $head...$new_head (1):
-#   > Add bar
-#
-# Submodules changed but not updated:
-#
-# * sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
-#   > 2nd commit
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=untracked doesn't suppress submodule summary" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+	modified:   sm (new commits)
+
+Submodule changes to be committed:
+
+* sm $head...$new_head (1):
+  > Add bar
+
+Submodules changed but not updated:
+
+* sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
+  > 2nd commit
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=untracked > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
@@ -1216,32 +1281,99 @@ test_expect_success ".git/config ignore=dirty doesn't suppress submodule summary
 '
 
 cat > expect << EOF
-# On branch master
-# Changes not staged for commit:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
-#   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
-#
-#	modified:   dir1/modified
-#
-# Untracked files:
-#   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
-#
-#	.gitmodules
-#	dir1/untracked
-#	dir2/modified
-#	dir2/untracked
-#	expect
-#	output
-#	untracked
-no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+; On branch master
+; Changes to be committed:
+;   (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+;
+;	modified:   sm
+;
+; Changes not staged for commit:
+;   (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+;   (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+;
+;	modified:   dir1/modified
+;	modified:   sm (new commits)
+;
+; Submodule changes to be committed:
+;
+; * sm $head...$new_head (1):
+;   > Add bar
+;
+; Submodules changed but not updated:
+;
+; * sm $new_head...$head2 (1):
+;   > 2nd commit
+;
+; Untracked files:
+;   (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+;
+;	.gitmodules
+;	dir1/untracked
+;	dir2/modified
+;	dir2/untracked
+;	untracked
+;
 EOF
 
+test_expect_success "status (core.commentchar with submodule summary)" '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";" &&
+	git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output
+'
+
+test_expect_success "status (core.commentchar with two chars with submodule summary)" '
+	test_config core.commentchar ";;" &&
+	test_must_fail git -c status.displayCommentPrefix=true status
+'
+
 test_expect_success "--ignore-submodules=all suppresses submodule summary" '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
 	git status --ignore-submodules=all > output &&
 	test_i18ncmp expect output
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
+test_expect_success '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses unstaged submodule summary' '
+	cat > expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
+
+	.gitmodules
+	dir1/untracked
+	dir2/modified
+	dir2/untracked
+	untracked
+
+EOF
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore all &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git status > output &&
@@ -1249,7 +1381,7 @@ test_expect_failure '.gitmodules ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
-test_expect_failure '.git/config ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
+test_expect_success '.git/config ignore=all suppresses unstaged submodule summary' '
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore none &&
 	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
 	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore all &&
@@ -1260,4 +1392,111 @@ test_expect_failure '.git/config ignore=all suppresses submodule summary' '
 	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'setup of test environment' '
+	git config status.showUntrackedFiles no &&
+	git status -s >expected_short &&
+	git status --no-short >expected_noshort
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=true" same as "-s"' '
+	git -c status.short=true status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_short actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=true" weaker than "--no-short"' '
+	git -c status.short=true status --no-short >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_noshort actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=false" same as "--no-short"' '
+	git -c status.short=false status >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_noshort actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.short=false" weaker than "-s"' '
+	git -c status.short=false status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_short actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" same as "-b"' '
+	git status -sb >expected_branch &&
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_branch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" different from "--no-branch"' '
+	git status -s --no-branch  >expected_nobranch &&
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s >actual &&
+	test_must_fail test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" weaker than "--no-branch"' '
+	git -c status.branch=true status -s --no-branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=true" weaker than "--porcelain"' '
+       git -c status.branch=true status --porcelain >actual &&
+       test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=false" same as "--no-branch"' '
+	git -c status.branch=false status -s >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_nobranch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '"status.branch=false" weaker than "-b"' '
+	git -c status.branch=false status -sb >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected_branch actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'Restore default test environment' '
+	git config --unset status.showUntrackedFiles
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit will commit a staged but ignored submodule' '
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git config --add -f .gitmodules submodule.subname.path sm &&
+	git config --add submodule.subname.ignore all &&
+	git status -s --ignore-submodules=dirty >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^M. sm" output &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="echo hello >>\"\$1\"" &&
+	export GIT_EDITOR &&
+	git commit -uno &&
+	git status -s --ignore-submodules=dirty >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! "^M. sm" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit --dry-run will show a staged but ignored submodule' '
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add sm &&
+	cat >expect << EOF &&
+On branch master
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   sm
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   dir1/modified
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git commit -uno --dry-run >output &&
+	test_i18ncmp expect output &&
+	git status -s --ignore-submodules=dirty >output &&
+	test_i18ngrep "^M. sm" output
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git commit -m will commit a staged but ignored submodule' '
+	git commit -uno -m message &&
+	git status -s --ignore-submodules=dirty >output &&
+	 test_i18ngrep ! "^M. sm" output &&
+	git config --remove-section submodule.subname &&
+	git config -f .gitmodules  --remove-section submodule.subname
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7509-commit.sh b/t/t7509-commit.sh
index b61fd3c3c4..9ac794052d 100755
--- a/t/t7509-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7509-commit.sh
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ test_expect_success '--amend option copies authorship' '
 	git commit -a --amend -m "amend test" &&
 	author_header Initial >expect &&
 	author_header HEAD >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	echo "amend test" >expect &&
 	message_body HEAD >actual &&
diff --git a/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh b/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
index 1d3c56fe61..13331e533b 100755
--- a/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
+++ b/t/t7510-signed-commit.sh
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ test_description='signed commit tests'
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
 
 test_expect_success GPG 'create signed commits' '
+	test_when_finished "test_unconfig commit.gpgsign" &&
+
 	echo 1 >file && git add file &&
 	test_tick && git commit -S -m initial &&
 	git tag initial &&
@@ -25,45 +27,90 @@ test_expect_success GPG 'create signed commits' '
 	git tag fourth-unsigned &&
 
 	test_tick && git commit --amend -S -m "fourth signed" &&
-	git tag fourth-signed
+	git tag fourth-signed &&
+
+	git config commit.gpgsign true &&
+	echo 5 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m "fifth signed" &&
+	git tag fifth-signed &&
+
+	git config commit.gpgsign false &&
+	echo 6 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m "sixth" &&
+	git tag sixth-unsigned &&
+
+	git config commit.gpgsign true &&
+	echo 7 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m "seventh" --no-gpg-sign &&
+	git tag seventh-unsigned &&
+
+	test_tick && git rebase -f HEAD^^ && git tag sixth-signed HEAD^ &&
+	git tag seventh-signed &&
+
+	echo 8 >file && test_tick && git commit -a -m eighth -SB7227189 &&
+	git tag eighth-signed-alt
 '
 
-test_expect_success GPG 'show signatures' '
+test_expect_success GPG 'verify and show signatures' '
 	(
-		for commit in initial second merge master
+		for commit in initial second merge fourth-signed fifth-signed sixth-signed seventh-signed
 		do
+			git verify-commit $commit &&
 			git show --pretty=short --show-signature $commit >actual &&
-			grep "Good signature from" actual || exit 1
-			! grep "BAD signature from" actual || exit 1
-			echo $commit OK
+			grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+			! grep "BAD signature from" actual &&
+			echo $commit OK || exit 1
 		done
 	) &&
 	(
-		for commit in merge^2 fourth-unsigned
+		for commit in merge^2 fourth-unsigned sixth-unsigned seventh-unsigned
 		do
+			test_must_fail git verify-commit $commit &&
 			git show --pretty=short --show-signature $commit >actual &&
-			grep "Good signature from" actual && exit 1
-			! grep "BAD signature from" actual || exit 1
-			echo $commit OK
+			! grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+			! grep "BAD signature from" actual &&
+			echo $commit OK || exit 1
+		done
+	) &&
+	(
+		for commit in eighth-signed-alt
+		do
+			git show --pretty=short --show-signature $commit >actual &&
+			grep "Good signature from" actual &&
+			! grep "BAD signature from" actual &&
+			grep "not certified" actual &&
+			echo $commit OK || exit 1
 		done
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success GPG 'show signed commit with signature' '
+	git show -s initial >commit &&
+	git show -s --show-signature initial >show &&
+	git verify-commit -v initial >verify.1 2>verify.2 &&
+	git cat-file commit initial >cat &&
+	grep -v -e "gpg: " -e "Warning: " show >show.commit &&
+	grep -e "gpg: " -e "Warning: " show >show.gpg &&
+	grep -v "^ " cat | grep -v "^gpgsig " >cat.commit &&
+	test_cmp show.commit commit &&
+	test_cmp show.gpg verify.2 &&
+	test_cmp cat.commit verify.1
+'
+
 test_expect_success GPG 'detect fudged signature' '
-	git cat-file commit master >raw &&
+	git cat-file commit seventh-signed >raw &&
 
-	sed -e "s/fourth signed/4th forged/" raw >forged1 &&
+	sed -e "s/seventh/7th forged/" raw >forged1 &&
 	git hash-object -w -t commit forged1 >forged1.commit &&
+	! git verify-commit $(cat forged1.commit) &&
 	git show --pretty=short --show-signature $(cat forged1.commit) >actual1 &&
 	grep "BAD signature from" actual1 &&
 	! grep "Good signature from" actual1
 '
 
 test_expect_success GPG 'detect fudged signature with NUL' '
-	git cat-file commit master >raw &&
+	git cat-file commit seventh-signed >raw &&
 	cat raw >forged2 &&
 	echo Qwik | tr "Q" "\000" >>forged2 &&
 	git hash-object -w -t commit forged2 >forged2.commit &&
+	! git verify-commit $(cat forged2.commit) &&
 	git show --pretty=short --show-signature $(cat forged2.commit) >actual2 &&
 	grep "BAD signature from" actual2 &&
 	! grep "Good signature from" actual2
@@ -72,9 +119,50 @@ test_expect_success GPG 'detect fudged signature with NUL' '
 test_expect_success GPG 'amending already signed commit' '
 	git checkout fourth-signed^0 &&
 	git commit --amend -S --no-edit &&
+	git verify-commit HEAD &&
 	git show -s --show-signature HEAD >actual &&
 	grep "Good signature from" actual &&
 	! grep "BAD signature from" actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success GPG 'show good signature with custom format' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	G
+	13B6F51ECDDE430D
+	C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" sixth-signed >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'show bad signature with custom format' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	B
+	13B6F51ECDDE430D
+	C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" $(cat forged1.commit) >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'show unknown signature with custom format' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	U
+	61092E85B7227189
+	Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" eighth-signed-alt >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'show lack of signature with custom format' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	N
+
+
+	EOF
+	git log -1 --format="%G?%n%GK%n%GS" seventh-unsigned >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7512-status-help.sh b/t/t7512-status-help.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..68ad2d7454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7512-status-help.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Valentin Duperray, Lucien Kong, Franck Jonas,
+#		     Thomas Nguy, Khoi Nguyen
+#		     Grenoble INP Ensimag
+#
+
+test_description='git status advice'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-rebase.sh
+
+set_fake_editor
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for conflicts' '
+	git config --global advice.statusuoption false &&
+	test_commit init main.txt init &&
+	git branch conflicts &&
+	test_commit on_master main.txt on_master &&
+	git checkout conflicts &&
+	test_commit on_conflicts main.txt on_conflicts
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts unresolved' '
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflicts
+You have unmerged paths.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when conflicts resolved before commit' '
+	git reset --hard conflicts &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	echo one >main.txt &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch conflicts
+All conflicts fixed but you are still merging.
+  (use "git commit" to conclude merge)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b rebase_conflicts &&
+	test_commit one_rebase main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_rebase main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_rebase main.txt three
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before resolving conflicts' '
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_conflicts'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
+  (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebase in progress before rebase --continue' '
+	git reset --hard rebase_conflicts &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
+	echo three >main.txt &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_conflicts'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for rebase_i_conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b rebase_i_conflicts &&
+	test_commit one_unmerge main.txt one_unmerge &&
+	git branch rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
+	test_commit one_master main.txt one_master &&
+	git checkout rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
+	test_commit one_second main.txt one_second
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i when conflicts unresolved' '
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i rebase_i_conflicts &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_conflicts_second'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git rebase --continue")
+  (use "git rebase --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git rebase --abort" to check out the original branch)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status during rebase -i after resolving conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard rebase_i_conflicts_second &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short rebase_i_conflicts) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase -i rebase_i_conflicts &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_conflicts_second'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebasing -i in edit mode' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b rebase_i_edit &&
+	test_commit one_rebase_i main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_rebase_i main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_rebase_i main.txt three &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~2) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~2 &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''rebase_i_edit'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when splitting a commit' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b split_commit &&
+	test_commit one_split main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_split main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_split main.txt three &&
+	test_commit four_split main.txt four &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''split_commit'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status after editing the last commit with --amend during a rebase -i' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b amend_last &&
+	test_commit one_amend main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_amend main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_amend main.txt three &&
+	test_commit four_amend main.txt four &&
+	FAKE_LINES="1 2 edit 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "foo" &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''amend_last'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for several edits' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b several_edits &&
+	test_commit one_edits main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_edits main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_edits main.txt three &&
+	test_commit four_edits main.txt four
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit' '
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit and split' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (continue first edit) second edit and amend' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git commit --amend -m "foo" &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "a" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit and split' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "b" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (amend first edit) second edit and amend' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git commit --amend -m "c" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git commit --amend -m "d" &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	git commit -m "e" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit and split' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	git commit --amend -m "f" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (Once your working directory is clean, run "git rebase --continue")
+
+Changes not staged for commit:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
+  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status: (split first edit) second edit and amend' '
+	git reset --hard several_edits &&
+	FAKE_LINES="edit 1 edit 2 3" &&
+	export FAKE_LINES &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD~3) &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD~3 &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	git commit --amend -m "g" &&
+	git rebase --continue &&
+	git commit --amend -m "h" &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '\''several_edits'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+  (use "git commit --amend" to amend the current commit)
+  (use "git rebase --continue" once you are satisfied with your changes)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare am_session' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b am_session &&
+	test_commit one_am one.txt "one" &&
+	test_commit two_am two.txt "two" &&
+	test_commit three_am three.txt "three"
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status in an am session: file already exists' '
+	git checkout -b am_already_exists &&
+	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
+	git format-patch -1 -oMaildir &&
+	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_already_exists
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git am --continue")
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status in an am session: file does not exist' '
+	git reset --hard am_session &&
+	git checkout -b am_not_exists &&
+	git rm three.txt &&
+	git commit -m "delete three.txt" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
+	git format-patch -1 -oMaildir &&
+	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_not_exists
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+  (fix conflicts and then run "git am --continue")
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status in an am session: empty patch' '
+	git reset --hard am_session &&
+	git checkout -b am_empty &&
+	test_when_finished "rm Maildir/* && git am --abort" &&
+	git format-patch -3 -oMaildir &&
+	git rm one.txt two.txt three.txt &&
+	git commit -m "delete all am_empty" &&
+	echo error >Maildir/0002-two_am.patch &&
+	test_must_fail git am Maildir/*.patch &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch am_empty
+You are in the middle of an am session.
+The current patch is empty.
+  (use "git am --skip" to skip this patch)
+  (use "git am --abort" to restore the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when bisecting' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b bisect &&
+	test_commit one_bisect main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_bisect main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_bisect main.txt three &&
+	test_when_finished "git bisect reset" &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	git bisect bad &&
+	git bisect good one_bisect &&
+	TGT=$(git rev-parse --short two_bisect) &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+HEAD detached at $TGT
+You are currently bisecting, started from branch '\''bisect'\''.
+  (use "git bisect reset" to get back to the original branch)
+
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when rebase conflicts with statushints disabled' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b statushints_disabled &&
+	test_when_finished "git config --local advice.statushints true" &&
+	git config --local advice.statushints false &&
+	test_commit one_statushints main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_statushints main.txt two &&
+	test_commit three_statushints main.txt three &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	ONTO=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^^) &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase HEAD^ --onto HEAD^^ &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+rebase in progress; onto $ONTO
+You are currently rebasing branch '\''statushints_disabled'\'' on '\''$ONTO'\''.
+
+Unmerged paths:
+	both modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'prepare for cherry-pick conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard master &&
+	git checkout -b cherry_branch &&
+	test_commit one_cherry main.txt one &&
+	test_commit two_cherries main.txt two &&
+	git checkout -b cherry_branch_second &&
+	test_commit second_cherry main.txt second &&
+	git checkout cherry_branch &&
+	test_commit three_cherries main.txt three
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when cherry-picking before resolving conflicts' '
+	test_when_finished "git cherry-pick --abort" &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick cherry_branch_second &&
+	TO_CHERRY_PICK=$(git rev-parse --short CHERRY_PICK_HEAD) &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch cherry_branch
+You are currently cherry-picking commit $TO_CHERRY_PICK.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
+  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:   main.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'status when cherry-picking after resolving conflicts' '
+	git reset --hard cherry_branch &&
+	test_when_finished "git cherry-pick --abort" &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick cherry_branch_second &&
+	TO_CHERRY_PICK=$(git rev-parse --short CHERRY_PICK_HEAD) &&
+	echo end >main.txt &&
+	git add main.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch cherry_branch
+You are currently cherry-picking commit $TO_CHERRY_PICK.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git cherry-pick --continue")
+  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+
+	modified:   main.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status showing detached at and from a tag' '
+	test_commit atag tagging &&
+	git checkout atag &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+HEAD detached at atag
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual &&
+
+	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+HEAD detached from atag
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status while reverting commit (conflicts)' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	echo before >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit before to-revert.txt &&
+	echo old >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit old to-revert.txt &&
+	echo new >to-revert.txt &&
+	test_commit new to-revert.txt &&
+	TO_REVERT=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD^) &&
+	test_must_fail git revert $TO_REVERT &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+You are currently reverting commit $TO_REVERT.
+  (fix conflicts and run "git revert --continue")
+  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
+
+Unmerged paths:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
+
+	both modified:   to-revert.txt
+
+no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status while reverting commit (conflicts resolved)' '
+	echo reverted >to-revert.txt &&
+	git add to-revert.txt &&
+	cat >expected <<EOF &&
+On branch master
+You are currently reverting commit $TO_REVERT.
+  (all conflicts fixed: run "git revert --continue")
+  (use "git revert --abort" to cancel the revert operation)
+
+Changes to be committed:
+  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
+
+	modified:   to-revert.txt
+
+Untracked files not listed (use -u option to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'status after reverting commit' '
+	git revert --continue &&
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+On branch master
+nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)
+EOF
+	git status --untracked-files=no >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7513-interpret-trailers.sh b/t/t7513-interpret-trailers.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..bd0ab46750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7513-interpret-trailers.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,895 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Christian Couder
+#
+
+test_description='git interpret-trailers'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+# When we want one trailing space at the end of each line, let's use sed
+# to make sure that these spaces are not removed by any automatic tool.
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	: >empty &&
+	cat >basic_message <<-\EOF &&
+		subject
+
+		body
+	EOF
+	cat >complex_message_body <<-\EOF &&
+		my subject
+
+		my body which is long
+		and contains some special
+		chars like : = ? !
+
+	EOF
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >complex_message_trailers <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by: Z
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	cat >basic_patch <<-\EOF
+		---
+		 foo.txt | 2 +-
+		 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)
+
+		diff --git a/foo.txt b/foo.txt
+		index 0353767..1d91aa1 100644
+		--- a/foo.txt
+		+++ b/foo.txt
+		@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
+
+		-bar
+		+baz
+
+		--
+		1.9.rc0.11.ga562ddc
+
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'without config' '
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		ack: Peff
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Acked-by: Johan
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack = Peff" --trailer "Reviewed-by" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by: Johan" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'without config in another order' '
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Acked-by: Johan
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		ack: Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "Acked-by: Johan" --trailer "Reviewed-by" \
+		--trailer "ack = Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '--trim-empty without config' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		ack: Peff
+		Acked-by: Johan
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer ack=Peff \
+		--trailer "Reviewed-by" --trailer "Acked-by: Johan" \
+		--trailer "sob:" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with config option on the command line' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Acked-by: Johan
+		Reviewed-by: Peff
+	EOF
+	echo "Acked-by: Johan" |
+	git -c "trailer.Acked-by.ifexists=addifdifferent" interpret-trailers \
+		--trailer "Reviewed-by: Peff" --trailer "Acked-by: Johan" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with config setup' '
+	git config trailer.ack.key "Acked-by: " &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Acked-by: Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "ack = Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Acked-by = Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Acked-by :Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with config setup and ":=" as separators' '
+	git config trailer.separators ":=" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.key "Acked-by= " &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "ack = Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Acked-by= Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Acked-by : Peff" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with config setup and "%" as separators' '
+	git config trailer.separators "%" &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		bug% 42
+		count% 10
+		bug% 422
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "bug = 42" \
+		--trailer count%10 --trailer "test: stuff" \
+		--trailer "bug % 422" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with "%" as separators and a message with trailers' '
+	cat >special_message <<-\EOF &&
+		Special Message
+
+		bug% 42
+		count% 10
+		bug% 422
+	EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Special Message
+
+		bug% 42
+		count% 10
+		bug% 422
+		count% 100
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer count%100 \
+		special_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with config setup and ":=#" as separators' '
+	git config trailer.separators ":=#" &&
+	git config trailer.bug.key "Bug #" &&
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
+
+		Bug #42
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "bug = 42" empty >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with commit basic message' '
+	cat basic_message >expected &&
+	echo >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers <basic_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with basic patch' '
+	cat basic_message >input &&
+	cat basic_patch >>input &&
+	cat basic_message >expected &&
+	echo >>expected &&
+	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers <input >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with commit complex message as argument' '
+	cat complex_message_body complex_message_trailers >complex_message &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with 2 files arguments' '
+	cat basic_message >>expected &&
+	echo >>expected &&
+	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers complex_message input >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with message that has comments' '
+	cat basic_message >message_with_comments &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>message_with_comments <<-\EOF &&
+		# comment
+
+		# other comment
+		Cc: Z
+		# yet another comment
+		Reviewed-by: Johan
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		# last comment
+
+	EOF
+	cat basic_patch >>message_with_comments &&
+	cat basic_message >expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		# comment
+
+		Reviewed-by: Johan
+		Cc: Peff
+		# last comment
+
+	EOF
+	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Cc: Peff" message_with_comments >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with message that has an old style conflict block' '
+	cat basic_message >message_with_comments &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>message_with_comments <<-\EOF &&
+		# comment
+
+		# other comment
+		Cc: Z
+		# yet another comment
+		Reviewed-by: Johan
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		# last comment
+
+		Conflicts:
+
+	EOF
+	cat basic_message >expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		# comment
+
+		Reviewed-by: Johan
+		Cc: Peff
+		# last comment
+
+		Conflicts:
+
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "Cc: Peff" message_with_comments >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with commit complex message and trailer args' '
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Bug #42
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with complex patch, args and --trim-empty' '
+	cat complex_message >complex_patch &&
+	cat basic_patch >>complex_patch &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Bug #42
+	EOF
+	cat basic_patch >>expected &&
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" <complex_patch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = before"' '
+	git config trailer.bug.where "before" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = after"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.where "after" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = end"' '
+	git config trailer.review.key "Reviewed-by" &&
+	git config trailer.review.where "end" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Reviewed-by: Junio
+		Reviewed-by: Johannes
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Reviewed-by: Junio" --trailer "Reviewed-by: Johannes" \
+		complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = start"' '
+	git config trailer.review.key "Reviewed-by" &&
+	git config trailer.review.where "start" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Reviewed-by: Johannes
+		Reviewed-by: Junio
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Reviewed-by: Junio" --trailer "Reviewed-by: Johannes" \
+		complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = before" for a token in the middle of the message' '
+	git config trailer.review.key "Reviewed-by:" &&
+	git config trailer.review.where "before" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:Johan
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "bug: 42" \
+		--trailer "review: Johan" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "where = before" and --trim-empty' '
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #46
+		Bug #42
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:Johan
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "review: Johan" \
+		--trailer "Bug: 46" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the default is "ifExists = addIfDifferentNeighbor"' '
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'default "ifExists" is now "addIfDifferent"' '
+	git config trailer.ifexists "addIfDifferent" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = addIfDifferent" with "where = end"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "addIfDifferent" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "end" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = addIfDifferent" with "where = before"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "addIfDifferent" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "before" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = addIfDifferentNeighbor" with "where = end"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "end" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Tested-by: Jakub
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" \
+		--trailer "Tested-by: Jakub" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = addIfDifferentNeighbor"  with "where = after"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "after" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Tested-by: Jakub
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" \
+		--trailer "Tested-by: Jakub" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = addIfDifferentNeighbor" and --trim-empty' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	cat >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by= Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = add" with "where = end"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "add" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "end" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Tested-by: Jakub
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Tested-by: Johannes
+		Acked-by= Peff
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by= Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "Tested-by: Jakub" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "Tested-by: Johannes" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = add" with "where = after"' '
+	git config trailer.ack.ifExists "add" &&
+	git config trailer.ack.where "after" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by= Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "bug: 42" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = replace"' '
+	git config trailer.fix.key "Fixes: " &&
+	git config trailer.fix.ifExists "replace" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Fixes: 22
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "fix=53" --trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = replace" with "where = after"' '
+	git config trailer.fix.where "after" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: 22
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "fix=53" --trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifExists = doNothing"' '
+	git config trailer.fix.ifExists "doNothing" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'the default is "ifMissing = add"' '
+	git config trailer.cc.key "Cc: " &&
+	git config trailer.cc.where "before" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Cc: Linus
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "cc=Linus" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "fix=22" --trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'when default "ifMissing" is "doNothing"' '
+	git config trailer.ifmissing "doNothing" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "cc=Linus" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "fix=22" --trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	git config trailer.ifmissing "add"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifMissing = add" with "where = end"' '
+	git config trailer.cc.key "Cc: " &&
+	git config trailer.cc.where "end" &&
+	git config trailer.cc.ifMissing "add" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Cc: Linus
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "cc=Linus" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifMissing = add" with "where = before"' '
+	git config trailer.cc.key "Cc: " &&
+	git config trailer.cc.where "before" &&
+	git config trailer.cc.ifMissing "add" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Cc: Linus
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "ack: Junio" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "cc=Linus" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'using "ifMissing = doNothing"' '
+	git config trailer.cc.ifMissing "doNothing" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=53" \
+		--trailer "cc=Linus" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "fix=22" --trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'default "where" is now "after"' '
+	git config trailer.where "after" &&
+	git config --unset trailer.ack.where &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Bug #42
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Acked-by= Junio
+		Acked-by= Peff
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Tested-by: Jakub
+		Tested-by: Johannes
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "ack: Peff" \
+		--trailer "Acked-by= Peff" --trailer "review:" \
+		--trailer "Tested-by: Jakub" --trailer "ack: Junio" \
+		--trailer "bug: 42" --trailer "Tested-by: Johannes" \
+		--trailer "ack: Peff" <complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with simple command' '
+	git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: " &&
+	git config trailer.sign.where "after" &&
+	git config trailer.sign.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" &&
+	git config trailer.sign.command "echo \"A U Thor <author@example.com>\"" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with command using commiter information' '
+	git config trailer.sign.ifExists "addIfDifferent" &&
+	git config trailer.sign.command "echo \"\$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <\$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL>\"" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: C O Mitter <committer@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with command using author information' '
+	git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: " &&
+	git config trailer.sign.where "after" &&
+	git config trailer.sign.ifExists "addIfDifferentNeighbor" &&
+	git config trailer.sign.command "echo \"\$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <\$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL>\"" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-\EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=22" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup a commit' '
+	echo "Content of the first commit." > a.txt &&
+	git add a.txt &&
+	git commit -m "Add file a.txt"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with command using $ARG' '
+	git config trailer.fix.ifExists "replace" &&
+	git config trailer.fix.command "git log -1 --oneline --format=\"%h (%s)\" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 \$ARG" &&
+	FIXED=$(git log -1 --oneline --format="%h (%s)" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 HEAD) &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-EOF &&
+		Fixes: $FIXED
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=HEAD" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with failing command using $ARG' '
+	git config trailer.fix.ifExists "replace" &&
+	git config trailer.fix.command "false \$ARG" &&
+	cat complex_message_body >expected &&
+	sed -e "s/ Z\$/ /" >>expected <<-EOF &&
+		Fixes: Z
+		Acked-by= Z
+		Reviewed-by:
+		Signed-off-by: Z
+		Signed-off-by: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:" --trailer "fix=HEAD" \
+		<complex_message >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with empty tokens' '
+	git config --unset trailer.fix.command &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+
+		Signed-off-by: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer ":" --trailer ":test" >actual <<-EOF &&
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with command but no key' '
+	git config --unset trailer.sign.key &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+
+		sign: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers >actual <<-EOF &&
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'with no command and no key' '
+	git config --unset trailer.review.key &&
+	cat >expected <<-EOF &&
+
+		review: Junio
+		sign: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	EOF
+	git interpret-trailers --trailer "review:Junio" >actual <<-EOF &&
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7514-commit-patch.sh b/t/t7514-commit-patch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..998a2103c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7514-commit-patch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='hunk edit with "commit -p -m"'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all="skipping '$test_description' tests, perl not available"
+	test_done
+fi
+
+test_expect_success 'setup (initial)' '
+	echo line1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m commit1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit hunk "commit -p -m message"' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f editor_was_started" &&
+	rm -f editor_was_started &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	echo e | env GIT_EDITOR=": >editor_was_started" git commit -p -m commit2 file &&
+	test -r editor_was_started
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit hunk "commit --dry-run -p -m message"' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f editor_was_started" &&
+	rm -f editor_was_started &&
+	echo more >>file &&
+	echo e | env GIT_EDITOR=": >editor_was_started" git commit -p -m commit3 file &&
+	test -r editor_was_started
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7515-status-symlinks.sh b/t/t7515-status-symlinks.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9f989be01b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7515-status-symlinks.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git status and symlinks'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	echo .gitignore >.gitignore &&
+	echo actual >>.gitignore &&
+	echo expect >>.gitignore &&
+	mkdir dir &&
+	echo x >dir/file1 &&
+	echo y >dir/file2 &&
+	git add dir &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink to a directory' '
+	test_when_finished "rm symlink" &&
+	ln -s dir symlink &&
+	echo "?? symlink" >expect &&
+	git status --porcelain >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'symlink replacing a directory' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf copy && git reset --hard initial" &&
+	mkdir copy &&
+	cp dir/file1 copy/file1 &&
+	echo "changed in copy" >copy/file2 &&
+	git add copy &&
+	git commit -m second &&
+	rm -rf copy &&
+	ln -s dir copy &&
+	echo " D copy/file1" >expect &&
+	echo " D copy/file2" >>expect &&
+	echo "?? copy" >>expect &&
+	git status --porcelain >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7516-commit-races.sh b/t/t7516-commit-races.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..f2ce14e907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7516-commit-races.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git commit races'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'race to create orphan commit' '
+	write_script hare-editor <<-\EOF &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m hare
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=./hare-editor git commit --allow-empty -m tortoise -e &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%s >subject &&
+	grep hare subject &&
+	test -z "$(git show -s --pretty=format:%P)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'race to create non-orphan commit' '
+	write_script airplane-editor <<-\EOF &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m airplane
+	EOF
+	git checkout --orphan branch &&
+	git commit --allow-empty -m base &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD >base &&
+	test_must_fail env EDITOR=./airplane-editor git commit --allow-empty -m ship -e &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%s >subject &&
+	grep airplane subject &&
+	git rev-parse HEAD^ >parent &&
+	test_cmp base parent
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7600-merge.sh b/t/t7600-merge.sh
index 9e27bbf902..75c50eea15 100755
--- a/t/t7600-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t7600-merge.sh
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ create_merge_msgs () {
 		echo &&
 		git log --no-merges ^HEAD c2 c3
 	} >squash.1-5-9 &&
-	echo >msg.nolog &&
+	: >msg.nologff &&
+	: >msg.nolognoff &&
 	{
 		echo "* tag 'c3':" &&
-		echo "  commit 3" &&
-		echo
+		echo "  commit 3"
 	} >msg.log
 }
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ verify_merge () {
 	git diff --exit-code &&
 	if test -n "$3"
 	then
-		git show -s --pretty=format:%s HEAD >msg.act &&
+		git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s HEAD >msg.act &&
 		test_cmp "$3" msg.act
 	fi
 }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m "commit 3" &&
 	git tag c3 &&
-	c3=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+	c3=$(git rev-parse HEAD) &&
 	git reset --hard "$c0" &&
 	create_merge_msgs
 '
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge -h with invalid index' '
 		>.git/index &&
 		test_expect_code 129 git merge -h 2>usage
 	) &&
-	grep "[Uu]sage: git merge" broken/usage
+	test_i18ngrep "[Uu]sage: git merge" broken/usage
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reject non-strategy with a git-merge-foo name' '
@@ -244,8 +244,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merges with --ff-only' '
 test_expect_success 'merges with merge.ff=only' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	test_tick &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset merge.ff" &&
-	git config merge.ff only &&
+	test_config merge.ff "only" &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c2 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c3 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge c2 c3 &&
@@ -316,7 +315,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (squash)' '
 
 test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
-test_expect_success 'unsuccesful merge of c1 with c2 (squash, ff-only)' '
+test_expect_success 'unsuccessful merge of c1 with c2 (squash, ff-only)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	test_must_fail git merge --squash --ff-only c2
 '
@@ -336,7 +335,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (no-commit in config)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
 	verify_head $c1 &&
@@ -346,12 +345,11 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (no-commit in config)' '
 test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config)' '
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge --log c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >expect &&
 
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions --log &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--log" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >actual &&
@@ -360,17 +358,12 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config)' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config gets overridden)' '
-	test_when_finished "git config --remove-section branch.master" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --remove-section merge" &&
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section branch.master &&
-	test_might_fail git config --remove-section merge &&
-
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >expect &&
 
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-log" &&
-	git config merge.log true &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-log" &&
+	test_config merge.log "true" &&
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s%n%b >actual &&
@@ -380,7 +373,7 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (log in config gets overridden)' '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (squash in config)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
 	git merge c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
 	verify_head $c1 &&
@@ -392,7 +385,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --summary' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --summary c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -406,7 +399,7 @@ test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --summary' '
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option -n with --stat' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "-n" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --stat c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -422,7 +415,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'override config option --stat' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--stat" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge -n c2 >diffstat.txt &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -438,7 +431,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --no-commit)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-commit" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --commit c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -449,7 +442,7 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (override --squash)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--squash" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-squash c2 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1-5 msg.1-5 &&
@@ -460,7 +453,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (no-ff)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge --no-ff c1 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
@@ -471,10 +463,9 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (merge.ff=false)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config merge.ff "false" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 &&
-	git config --remove-section merge &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_parents $c0 $c1
 '
@@ -482,22 +473,19 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'combine branch.master.mergeoptions with merge.ff' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions --ff &&
-	git config merge.ff false &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--ff" &&
+	test_config merge.ff "false" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 &&
-	git config --remove-section "branch.master" &&
-	git config --remove-section "merge" &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_parents "$c0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'tolerate unknown values for merge.ff' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config merge.ff something-new &&
+	test_config merge.ff "something-new" &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git merge c1 2>message &&
-	git config --remove-section "merge" &&
 	verify_head "$c1" &&
 	test_cmp empty message
 '
@@ -508,14 +496,20 @@ test_expect_success 'combining --squash and --no-ff is refused' '
 	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --squash c1
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'combining --ff-only and --no-ff is refused' '
-	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --no-ff c1 &&
-	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --ff-only c1
+test_expect_success 'option --ff-only overwrites --no-ff' '
+	git merge --no-ff --ff-only c1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge --no-ff --ff-only c2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'option --no-ff overrides merge.ff=only config' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config merge.ff only &&
+	git merge --no-ff c1
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c0 with c1 (ff overrides no-ff)' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
-	git config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
 	git merge --ff c1 &&
 	verify_merge file result.1 &&
 	verify_head $c1
@@ -525,14 +519,20 @@ test_expect_success 'merge log message' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	git merge --no-log c2 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
-	test_cmp msg.nolog msg.act &&
+	test_cmp msg.nologff msg.act &&
+
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config branch.master.mergeoptions "--no-ff" &&
+	git merge --no-log c2 &&
+	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
+	test_cmp msg.nolognoff msg.act &&
 
 	git merge --log c3 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
 	test_cmp msg.log msg.act &&
 
 	git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
-	git config merge.log yes &&
+	test_config merge.log "yes" &&
 	git merge c3 &&
 	git show -s --pretty=format:%b HEAD >msg.act &&
 	test_cmp msg.log msg.act
@@ -542,7 +542,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -553,7 +552,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c0, c2, c0, and c1' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c0 c2 c0 c1 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -564,7 +562,6 @@ test_debug 'git log --graph --decorate --oneline --all'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c1 and c2' '
        git reset --hard c1 &&
-       git config branch.master.mergeoptions "" &&
        test_tick &&
        git merge c1 c2 &&
        verify_merge file result.1-5 &&
@@ -622,10 +619,10 @@ test_expect_success 'merge early part of c2' '
 	git tag c6 &&
 	git branch -f c5-branch c5 &&
 	git merge c5-branch~1 &&
-	git show -s --pretty=format:%s HEAD >actual.branch &&
+	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s HEAD >actual.branch &&
 	git reset --keep HEAD^ &&
 	git merge c5~1 &&
-	git show -s --pretty=format:%s HEAD >actual.tag &&
+	git show -s --pretty=tformat:%s HEAD >actual.tag &&
 	test_cmp expected.branch actual.branch &&
 	test_cmp expected.tag actual.tag
 '
diff --git a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
index b44b293950..f768c900ab 100755
--- a/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
+++ b/t/t7601-merge-pull-config.sh
@@ -38,6 +38,27 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2' '
 	test -f c2.c
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'fast-forward pull succeeds with "true" in pull.ff' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config pull.ff true &&
+	git pull . c1 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" = "$(git rev-parse c1)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-forward pull creates merge with "false" in pull.ff' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	test_config pull.ff false &&
+	git pull . c1 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" = "$(git rev-parse c0)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" = "$(git rev-parse c1)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull prevents non-fast-forward with "only" in pull.ff' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	test_config pull.ff only &&
+	test_must_fail git pull . c3
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2 (ours in pull.twohead)' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git config pull.twohead ours &&
@@ -109,7 +130,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup conflicted merge' '
 '
 
 # First do the merge with resolve and recursive then verify that
-# recusive is choosen.
+# recursive is chosen.
 
 test_expect_success 'merge picks up the best result' '
 	git config --unset-all pull.twohead &&
diff --git a/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh b/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
index 5783ebf3ab..955f09f8e8 100755
--- a/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
+++ b/t/t7602-merge-octopus-many.sh
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ Trying simple merge with c2
 Trying simple merge with c3
 Trying simple merge with c4
 Merge made by the 'octopus' strategy.
- c2.c |    1 +
- c3.c |    1 +
- c4.c |    1 +
+ c2.c | 1 +
+ c3.c | 1 +
+ c4.c | 1 +
  3 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 c2.c
  create mode 100644 c3.c
@@ -66,29 +66,27 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'merge output uses pretty names' '
 	git reset --hard c1 &&
 	git merge c2 c3 c4 >actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
-Already up-to-date with c4
-Trying simple merge with c5
-Merge made by the 'octopus' strategy.
- c5.c |    1 +
+Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
+ c5.c | 1 +
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
  create mode 100644 c5.c
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success 'merge up-to-date output uses pretty names' '
-	git merge c4 c5 >actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+test_expect_success 'merge reduces irrelevant remote heads' '
+	GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY=0 git merge c4 c5 >actual &&
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
 cat >expected <<\EOF
 Fast-forwarding to: c1
 Trying simple merge with c2
 Merge made by the 'octopus' strategy.
- c1.c |    1 +
- c2.c |    1 +
+ c1.c | 1 +
+ c2.c | 1 +
  2 files changed, 2 insertions(+)
  create mode 100644 c1.c
  create mode 100644 c2.c
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ EOF
 test_expect_success 'merge fast-forward output uses pretty names' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	git merge c1 c2 >actual &&
-	test_cmp actual expected
+	test_i18ncmp expected actual
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh b/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh
index 7e17eb490d..98948955ae 100755
--- a/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh
+++ b/t/t7603-merge-reduce-heads.sh
@@ -57,7 +57,36 @@ test_expect_success 'merge c1 with c2, c3, c4, c5' '
 	test -f c2.c &&
 	test -f c3.c &&
 	test -f c4.c &&
-	test -f c5.c
+	test -f c5.c &&
+	git show --format=%s -s >actual &&
+	! grep c1 actual &&
+	grep c2 actual &&
+	grep c3 actual &&
+	! grep c4 actual &&
+	grep c5 actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'pull c2, c3, c4, c5 into c1' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git pull . c2 c3 c4 c5 &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" != "$(git rev-parse HEAD)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c1)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^1)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c2)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^2)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c3)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^3)" &&
+	test "$(git rev-parse c5)" = "$(git rev-parse HEAD^4)" &&
+	git diff --exit-code &&
+	test -f c0.c &&
+	test -f c1.c &&
+	test -f c2.c &&
+	test -f c3.c &&
+	test -f c4.c &&
+	test -f c5.c &&
+	git show --format=%s -s >actual &&
+	! grep c1 actual &&
+	grep c2 actual &&
+	grep c3 actual &&
+	! grep c4 actual &&
+	grep c5 actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
@@ -113,4 +142,23 @@ test_expect_success 'verify merge result' '
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^1) = $(git rev-parse E2) &&
 	test $(git rev-parse HEAD^2) = $(git rev-parse I2)
 '
+
+test_expect_success 'fast-forward to redundant refs' '
+	git reset --hard c0 &&
+	git merge c4 c5
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge result' '
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse c5)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge up-to-date redundant refs' '
+	git reset --hard c5 &&
+	git merge c0 c4
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge result' '
+	test $(git rev-parse HEAD) = $(git rev-parse c5)
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
index aa74184c31..758a623cdb 100755
--- a/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
+++ b/t/t7607-merge-overwrite.sh
@@ -92,6 +92,15 @@ test_expect_success 'will not overwrite removed file with staged changes' '
 	test_cmp important c1.c
 '
 
+test_expect_failure 'will not overwrite unstaged changes in renamed file' '
+	git reset --hard c1 &&
+	git mv c1.c other.c &&
+	git commit -m rename &&
+	cp important other.c &&
+	git merge c1a &&
+	test_cmp important other.c
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'will not overwrite untracked subtree' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	rm -rf sub &&
@@ -132,11 +141,10 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'will not overwrite untracked symlink in leading pa
 	test_path_is_missing .git/MERGE_HEAD
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'will not be confused by symlink in leading path' '
+test_expect_success 'will not be confused by symlink in leading path' '
 	git reset --hard c0 &&
 	rm -rf sub &&
-	ln -s sub2 sub &&
-	git add sub &&
+	test_ln_s_add sub2 sub &&
 	git commit -m ln &&
 	git checkout sub
 '
diff --git a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
index f5e16fc7db..7eeb207b32 100755
--- a/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
+++ b/t/t7610-mergetool.sh
@@ -14,461 +14,527 @@ Testing basic merge tool invocation'
 # running mergetool
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
-    git config rerere.enabled true &&
-    echo master >file1 &&
-    echo master spaced >"spaced name" &&
-    echo master file11 >file11 &&
-    echo master file12 >file12 &&
-    echo master file13 >file13 &&
-    echo master file14 >file14 &&
-    mkdir subdir &&
-    echo master sub >subdir/file3 &&
-    test_create_repo submod &&
-    (
-	cd submod &&
-	: >foo &&
-	git add foo &&
-	git commit -m "Add foo"
-    ) &&
-    git submodule add git://example.com/submod submod &&
-    git add file1 "spaced name" file1[1-4] subdir/file3 .gitmodules submod &&
-    git commit -m "add initial versions" &&
-
-    git checkout -b branch1 master &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    echo branch1 change >file1 &&
-    echo branch1 newfile >file2 &&
-    echo branch1 spaced >"spaced name" &&
-    echo branch1 both added >both &&
-    echo branch1 change file11 >file11 &&
-    echo branch1 change file13 >file13 &&
-    echo branch1 sub >subdir/file3 &&
-    (
-	cd submod &&
-	echo branch1 submodule >bar &&
-	git add bar &&
-	git commit -m "Add bar on branch1" &&
-	git checkout -b submod-branch1
-    ) &&
-    git add file1 "spaced name" file11 file13 file2 subdir/file3 submod &&
-    git add both &&
-    git rm file12 &&
-    git commit -m "branch1 changes" &&
-
-    git checkout master &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    echo master updated >file1 &&
-    echo master new >file2 &&
-    echo master updated spaced >"spaced name" &&
-    echo master both added >both &&
-    echo master updated file12 >file12 &&
-    echo master updated file14 >file14 &&
-    echo master new sub >subdir/file3 &&
-    (
-	cd submod &&
-	echo master submodule >bar &&
-	git add bar &&
-	git commit -m "Add bar on master" &&
-	git checkout -b submod-master
-    ) &&
-    git add file1 "spaced name" file12 file14 file2 subdir/file3 submod &&
-    git add both &&
-    git rm file11 &&
-    git commit -m "master updates" &&
-
-    git config merge.tool mytool &&
-    git config mergetool.mytool.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
-    git config mergetool.mytool.trustExitCode true &&
-    git config mergetool.mybase.cmd "cat \"\$BASE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
-    git config mergetool.mybase.trustExitCode true
+	test_config rerere.enabled true &&
+	echo master >file1 &&
+	echo master spaced >"spaced name" &&
+	echo master file11 >file11 &&
+	echo master file12 >file12 &&
+	echo master file13 >file13 &&
+	echo master file14 >file14 &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	echo master sub >subdir/file3 &&
+	test_create_repo submod &&
+	(
+		cd submod &&
+		: >foo &&
+		git add foo &&
+		git commit -m "Add foo"
+	) &&
+	git submodule add git://example.com/submod submod &&
+	git add file1 "spaced name" file1[1-4] subdir/file3 .gitmodules submod &&
+	git commit -m "add initial versions" &&
+
+	git checkout -b branch1 master &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	echo branch1 change >file1 &&
+	echo branch1 newfile >file2 &&
+	echo branch1 spaced >"spaced name" &&
+	echo branch1 both added >both &&
+	echo branch1 change file11 >file11 &&
+	echo branch1 change file13 >file13 &&
+	echo branch1 sub >subdir/file3 &&
+	(
+		cd submod &&
+		echo branch1 submodule >bar &&
+		git add bar &&
+		git commit -m "Add bar on branch1" &&
+		git checkout -b submod-branch1
+	) &&
+	git add file1 "spaced name" file11 file13 file2 subdir/file3 submod &&
+	git add both &&
+	git rm file12 &&
+	git commit -m "branch1 changes" &&
+
+	git checkout -b stash1 master &&
+	echo stash1 change file11 >file11 &&
+	git add file11 &&
+	git commit -m "stash1 changes" &&
+
+	git checkout -b stash2 master &&
+	echo stash2 change file11 >file11 &&
+	git add file11 &&
+	git commit -m "stash2 changes" &&
+
+	git checkout master &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	echo master updated >file1 &&
+	echo master new >file2 &&
+	echo master updated spaced >"spaced name" &&
+	echo master both added >both &&
+	echo master updated file12 >file12 &&
+	echo master updated file14 >file14 &&
+	echo master new sub >subdir/file3 &&
+	(
+		cd submod &&
+		echo master submodule >bar &&
+		git add bar &&
+		git commit -m "Add bar on master" &&
+		git checkout -b submod-master
+	) &&
+	git add file1 "spaced name" file12 file14 file2 subdir/file3 submod &&
+	git add both &&
+	git rm file11 &&
+	git commit -m "master updates" &&
+
+	git config merge.tool mytool &&
+	git config mergetool.mytool.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
+	git config mergetool.mytool.trustExitCode true &&
+	git config mergetool.mybase.cmd "cat \"\$BASE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
+	git config mergetool.mybase.trustExitCode true
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'custom mergetool' '
-    git checkout -b test1 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file2 "spaced name" >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    test "$(cat file1)" = "master updated" &&
-    test "$(cat file2)" = "master new" &&
-    test "$(cat subdir/file3)" = "master new sub" &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
-    git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool"
+	git checkout -b test1 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file2 "spaced name" >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	test "$(cat file1)" = "master updated" &&
+	test "$(cat file2)" = "master new" &&
+	test "$(cat subdir/file3)" = "master new sub" &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
+	git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool crlf' '
-    git config core.autocrlf true &&
-    git checkout -b test2 branch1 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool "spaced name" >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    test "$(printf x | cat file1 -)" = "$(printf "master updated\r\nx")" &&
-    test "$(printf x | cat file2 -)" = "$(printf "master new\r\nx")" &&
-    test "$(printf x | cat subdir/file3 -)" = "$(printf "master new sub\r\nx")" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - autocrlf" &&
-    git config core.autocrlf false &&
-    git reset --hard
+	test_config core.autocrlf true &&
+	git checkout -b test2 branch1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool "spaced name" >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	test "$(printf x | cat file1 -)" = "$(printf "master updated\r\nx")" &&
+	test "$(printf x | cat file2 -)" = "$(printf "master new\r\nx")" &&
+	test "$(printf x | cat subdir/file3 -)" = "$(printf "master new sub\r\nx")" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - autocrlf" &&
+	test_config core.autocrlf false &&
+	git reset --hard
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool in subdir' '
-    git checkout -b test3 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    (
-	cd subdir &&
-	test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-	( yes "" | git mergetool file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub"
-    )
+	git checkout -b test3 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+		( yes "" | git mergetool file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool on file in parent dir' '
-    (
-	cd subdir &&
-	( yes "" | git mergetool ../file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	( yes "" | git mergetool ../file2 ../spaced\ name >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	( yes "" | git mergetool ../both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	( yes "d" | git mergetool ../file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	( yes "d" | git mergetool ../file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	( yes "l" | git mergetool ../submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-	test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
-	test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
-	test "$(cat ../submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
-	git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - subdir"
-    )
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		( yes "" | git mergetool ../file1 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		( yes "" | git mergetool ../file2 ../spaced\ name >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		( yes "" | git mergetool ../both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		( yes "d" | git mergetool ../file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		( yes "d" | git mergetool ../file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		( yes "l" | git mergetool ../submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+		test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
+		test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
+		test "$(cat ../submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
+		git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool - subdir"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool skips autoresolved' '
-    git checkout -b test4 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git reset --hard
+	git checkout -b test4 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git reset --hard
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool merges all from subdir' '
-    (
-	cd subdir &&
-	git config rerere.enabled false &&
-	test_must_fail git merge master &&
-	( yes "r" | git mergetool ../submod ) &&
-	( yes "d" "d" | git mergetool --no-prompt ) &&
-	test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
-	test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
-	test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub" &&
-	( cd .. && git submodule update -N ) &&
-	test "$(cat ../submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-	git commit -m "branch2 resolved by mergetool from subdir"
-    )
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		test_config rerere.enabled false &&
+		test_must_fail git merge master &&
+		( yes "r" | git mergetool ../submod ) &&
+		( yes "d" "d" | git mergetool --no-prompt ) &&
+		test "$(cat ../file1)" = "master updated" &&
+		test "$(cat ../file2)" = "master new" &&
+		test "$(cat file3)" = "master new sub" &&
+		( cd .. && git submodule update -N ) &&
+		test "$(cat ../submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+		git commit -m "branch2 resolved by mergetool from subdir"
+	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'mergetool skips resolved paths when rerere is active' '
-    git config rerere.enabled true &&
-    rm -rf .git/rr-cache &&
-    git checkout -b test5 branch1
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool --no-prompt submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" "d" | git mergetool --no-prompt >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    output="$(yes "n" | git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git reset --hard
+	test_config rerere.enabled true &&
+	rm -rf .git/rr-cache &&
+	git checkout -b test5 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool --no-prompt submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" "d" | git mergetool --no-prompt >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	output="$(yes "n" | git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git reset --hard
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'mergetool takes partial path' '
-    git config rerere.enabled false &&
-    git checkout -b test12 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
+test_expect_success 'conflicted stash sets up rerere'  '
+	test_config rerere.enabled true &&
+	git checkout stash1 &&
+	echo "Conflicting stash content" >file11 &&
+	git stash &&
+
+	git checkout --detach stash2 &&
+	test_must_fail git stash apply &&
+
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	conflicts="$(git rerere remaining)" &&
+	test "$conflicts" = "file11" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" != "No files need merging" &&
 
-    #shouldnt need these lines
-    #( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    #( yes "d" | git mergetool file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    #( yes "l" | git mergetool submod >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    #( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	git commit -am "save the stash resolution" &&
+
+	git reset --hard stash2 &&
+	test_must_fail git stash apply &&
+
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	conflicts="$(git rerere remaining)" &&
+	test -z "$conflicts" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'mergetool takes partial path' '
+	git reset --hard &&
+	test_config rerere.enabled false &&
+	git checkout -b test12 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
 
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool subdir ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool subdir ) &&
 
-    test "$(cat subdir/file3)" = "master new sub" &&
-    git reset --hard
+	test "$(cat subdir/file3)" = "master new sub" &&
+	git reset --hard
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deleted vs modified submodule' '
-    git checkout -b test6 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
-    git commit -m "Submodule deleted from branch" &&
-    git checkout -b test6.a test6 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
-
-    mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git checkout -b test6.b test6 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test ! -e submod &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by deleting module" &&
-
-    mv submod-movedaside submod &&
-    git checkout -b test6.c master &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test6 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test ! -e submod &&
-    test -d submod.orig &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by deleting module" &&
-    mv submod.orig submod &&
-
-    git checkout -b test6.d master &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test6 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
-    git reset --hard HEAD
+	git checkout -b test6 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	mv submod submod-movedaside &&
+	git rm --cached submod &&
+	git commit -m "Submodule deleted from branch" &&
+	git checkout -b test6.a test6 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
+
+	mv submod submod-movedaside &&
+	git checkout -b test6.b test6 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test ! -e submod &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by deleting module" &&
+
+	mv submod-movedaside submod &&
+	git checkout -b test6.c master &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test6 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test ! -e submod &&
+	test -d submod.orig &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by deleting module" &&
+	mv submod.orig submod &&
+
+	git checkout -b test6.d master &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test6 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
+	git reset --hard HEAD
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'file vs modified submodule' '
-    git checkout -b test7 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
-    echo not a submodule >submod &&
-    git add submod &&
-    git commit -m "Submodule path becomes file" &&
-    git checkout -b test7.a branch1 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
-
-    mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git checkout -b test7.b test7 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod)" = "not a submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping file" &&
-
-    git checkout -b test7.c master &&
-    rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
-    test ! -e submod.orig &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test7 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test -d submod.orig &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod)" = "not a submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping file" &&
-
-    git checkout -b test7.d master &&
-    rmdir submod && mv submod.orig submod &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test7 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "" | git mergetool both>/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
-    test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
-    git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module"
+	git checkout -b test7 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	mv submod submod-movedaside &&
+	git rm --cached submod &&
+	echo not a submodule >submod &&
+	git add submod &&
+	git commit -m "Submodule path becomes file" &&
+	git checkout -b test7.a branch1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "branch1 submodule" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module" &&
+
+	mv submod submod-movedaside &&
+	git checkout -b test7.b test7 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod)" = "not a submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping file" &&
+
+	git checkout -b test7.c master &&
+	rmdir submod && mv submod-movedaside submod &&
+	test ! -e submod.orig &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test7 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test -d submod.orig &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod)" = "not a submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping file" &&
+
+	git checkout -b test7.d master &&
+	rmdir submod && mv submod.orig submod &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test7 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool file1 file2 spaced\ name subdir/file3 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "" | git mergetool both>/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "d" | git mergetool file11 file12 >/dev/null 2>&1 ) &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	output="$(git mergetool --no-prompt)" &&
+	test "$output" = "No files need merging" &&
+	git commit -m "Merge resolved by keeping module"
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'submodule in subdirectory' '
-    git checkout -b test10 branch1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    (
-	cd subdir &&
-	test_create_repo subdir_module &&
+	git checkout -b test10 branch1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		test_create_repo subdir_module &&
+		(
+		cd subdir_module &&
+		: >file15 &&
+		git add file15 &&
+		git commit -m "add initial versions"
+		)
+	) &&
+	git submodule add git://example.com/subsubmodule subdir/subdir_module &&
+	git add subdir/subdir_module &&
+	git commit -m "add submodule in subdirectory" &&
+
+	git checkout -b test10.a test10 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
 	(
-	    cd subdir_module &&
-	    : >file15 &&
-	    git add file15 &&
-	    git commit -m "add initial versions"
-	)
-    ) &&
-    git submodule add git://example.com/subsubmodule subdir/subdir_module &&
-    git add subdir/subdir_module &&
-    git commit -m "add submodule in subdirectory" &&
-
-    git checkout -b test10.a test10 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    (
-	cd subdir/subdir_module &&
-	git checkout -b super10.a &&
-	echo test10.a >file15 &&
-	git add file15 &&
-	git commit -m "on branch 10.a"
-    ) &&
-    git add subdir/subdir_module &&
-    git commit -m "change submodule in subdirectory on test10.a" &&
-
-    git checkout -b test10.b test10 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    (
 	cd subdir/subdir_module &&
-	git checkout -b super10.b &&
-	echo test10.b >file15 &&
-	git add file15 &&
-	git commit -m "on branch 10.b"
-    ) &&
-    git add subdir/subdir_module &&
-    git commit -m "change submodule in subdirectory on test10.b" &&
-
-    test_must_fail git merge test10.a >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    (
-	cd subdir &&
-	( yes "l" | git mergetool subdir_module )
-    ) &&
-    test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
-    git reset --hard &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-
-    test_must_fail git merge test10.a >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool subdir/subdir_module ) &&
-    test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.a" &&
-    git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool" &&
-    rm -rf subdir/subdir_module
+		git checkout -b super10.a &&
+		echo test10.a >file15 &&
+		git add file15 &&
+		git commit -m "on branch 10.a"
+	) &&
+	git add subdir/subdir_module &&
+	git commit -m "change submodule in subdirectory on test10.a" &&
+
+	git checkout -b test10.b test10 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subdir_module &&
+		git checkout -b super10.b &&
+		echo test10.b >file15 &&
+		git add file15 &&
+		git commit -m "on branch 10.b"
+	) &&
+	git add subdir/subdir_module &&
+	git commit -m "change submodule in subdirectory on test10.b" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge test10.a >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		( yes "l" | git mergetool subdir_module )
+	) &&
+	test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge test10.a >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool subdir/subdir_module ) &&
+	test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.b" &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat subdir/subdir_module/file15)" = "test10.a" &&
+	git commit -m "branch1 resolved with mergetool" &&
+	rm -rf subdir/subdir_module
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'directory vs modified submodule' '
-    git checkout -b test11 branch1 &&
-    mv submod submod-movedaside &&
-    git rm submod &&
-    mkdir submod &&
-    echo not a submodule >submod/file16 &&
-    git add submod/file16 &&
-    git commit -m "Submodule path becomes directory" &&
-
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test "$(cat submod/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
-    rm -rf submod.orig &&
-
-    git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    test ! -e submod.orig &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test -d submod.orig &&
-    test "$(cat submod.orig/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
-    rm -r submod.orig &&
-    mv submod-movedaside/.git submod &&
-    ( cd submod && git clean -f && git reset --hard ) &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-    git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 && rm -rf submod-movedaside &&
-
-    git checkout -b test11.c master &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test11 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    ( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
-
-    git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    git submodule update -N &&
-    test_must_fail git merge test11 &&
-    test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
-    test ! -e submod.orig &&
-    ( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
-    test "$(cat submod/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
-
-    git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-    ( cd submod && git clean -f && git reset --hard ) &&
-    git submodule update -N
+	git checkout -b test11 branch1 &&
+	mv submod submod-movedaside &&
+	git rm --cached submod &&
+	mkdir submod &&
+	echo not a submodule >submod/file16 &&
+	git add submod/file16 &&
+	git commit -m "Submodule path becomes directory" &&
+
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test "$(cat submod/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
+	rm -rf submod.orig &&
+
+	git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	test ! -e submod.orig &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test -d submod.orig &&
+	test "$(cat submod.orig/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
+	rm -r submod.orig &&
+	mv submod-movedaside/.git submod &&
+	( cd submod && git clean -f && git reset --hard ) &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+	git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 && rm -rf submod-movedaside &&
+
+	git checkout -b test11.c master &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test11 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	( yes "l" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test "$(cat submod/bar)" = "master submodule" &&
+
+	git reset --hard >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	git submodule update -N &&
+	test_must_fail git merge test11 &&
+	test -n "$(git ls-files -u)" &&
+	test ! -e submod.orig &&
+	( yes "r" | git mergetool submod ) &&
+	test "$(cat submod/file16)" = "not a submodule" &&
+
+	git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	( cd submod && git clean -f && git reset --hard ) &&
+	git submodule update -N
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'file with no base' '
-    git checkout -b test13 branch1 &&
-    test_must_fail git merge master &&
-    git mergetool --no-prompt --tool mybase -- both &&
-    >expected &&
-    test_cmp both expected &&
-    git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
+	git checkout -b test13 branch1 &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git mergetool --no-prompt --tool mybase -- both &&
+	>expected &&
+	test_cmp both expected &&
+	git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'custom commands override built-ins' '
+	git checkout -b test14 branch1 &&
+	test_config mergetool.defaults.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\" >\"\$MERGED\"" &&
+	test_config mergetool.defaults.trustExitCode true &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git mergetool --no-prompt --tool defaults -- both &&
+	echo master both added >expected &&
+	test_cmp both expected &&
+	git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'filenames seen by tools start with ./' '
+	git checkout -b test15 branch1 &&
+	test_config mergetool.writeToTemp false &&
+	test_config mergetool.myecho.cmd "echo \"\$LOCAL\"" &&
+	test_config mergetool.myecho.trustExitCode true &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git mergetool --no-prompt --tool myecho -- both >actual &&
+	grep ^\./both_LOCAL_ actual >/dev/null &&
+	git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'temporary filenames are used with mergetool.writeToTemp' '
+	git checkout -b test16 branch1 &&
+	test_config mergetool.writeToTemp true &&
+	test_config mergetool.myecho.cmd "echo \"\$LOCAL\"" &&
+	test_config mergetool.myecho.trustExitCode true &&
+	test_must_fail git merge master &&
+	git mergetool --no-prompt --tool myecho -- both >actual &&
+	test_must_fail grep ^\./both_LOCAL_ actual >/dev/null &&
+	grep /both_LOCAL_ actual >/dev/null &&
+	git reset --hard master >/dev/null 2>&1
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..8ae69a61c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7612-merge-verify-signatures.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge signature verification tests'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/lib-gpg.sh"
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'create signed commits' '
+	echo 1 >file && git add file &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-signed &&
+	echo 3 >elif && git add elif &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m "signed on side" &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-unsigned &&
+	echo 3 >foo && git add foo &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "unsigned on side" &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-bad &&
+	echo 3 >bar && git add bar &&
+	test_tick && git commit -S -m "bad on side" &&
+	git cat-file commit side-bad >raw &&
+	sed -e "s/bad/forged bad/" raw >forged &&
+	git hash-object -w -t commit forged >forged.commit &&
+	git checkout initial &&
+
+	git checkout -b side-untrusted &&
+	echo 3 >baz && git add baz &&
+	test_tick && git commit -SB7227189 -m "untrusted on side" &&
+
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge unsigned commit with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures side-unsigned 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "does not have a GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with bad signature with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures $(cat forged.commit) 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has a bad GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with untrusted signature with verification' '
+	test_must_fail git merge --ff-only --verify-signatures side-untrusted 2>mergeerror &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has an untrusted GPG signature" mergeerror
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge signed commit with verification' '
+	git merge --verbose --ff-only --verify-signatures side-signed >mergeoutput &&
+	test_i18ngrep "has a good GPG signature" mergeoutput
+'
+
+test_expect_success GPG 'merge commit with bad signature without verification' '
+	git merge $(cat forged.commit)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7613-merge-submodule.sh b/t/t7613-merge-submodule.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d1e9fcc781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7613-merge-submodule.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='merge can handle submodules'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-submodule-update.sh
+
+# merges without conflicts
+test_submodule_switch "git merge"
+
+test_submodule_switch "git merge --ff"
+
+test_submodule_switch "git merge --ff-only"
+
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_DOESNT_CREATE_EMPTY_SUBMODULE_DIR=1
+KNOWN_FAILURE_NOFF_MERGE_ATTEMPTS_TO_MERGE_REMOVED_SUBMODULE_FILES=1
+test_submodule_switch "git merge --no-ff"
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7700-repack.sh b/t/t7700-repack.sh
index d954b846a1..021c5479bd 100755
--- a/t/t7700-repack.sh
+++ b/t/t7700-repack.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'objects in packs marked .keep are not repacked' '
 	# The second pack will contain the excluded object
 	packsha1=$(git rev-list --objects --all | grep file2 |
 		git pack-objects pack) &&
-	touch -r pack-$packsha1.pack pack-$packsha1.keep &&
+	>pack-$packsha1.keep &&
 	objsha1=$(git verify-pack -v pack-$packsha1.idx | head -n 1 |
 		sed -e "s/^\([0-9a-f]\{40\}\).*/\1/") &&
 	mv pack-* .git/objects/pack/ &&
@@ -35,6 +35,38 @@ test_expect_success 'objects in packs marked .keep are not repacked' '
 	test -z "$found_duplicate_object"
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'writing bitmaps via command-line can duplicate .keep objects' '
+	# build on $objsha1, $packsha1, and .keep state from previous
+	git repack -Adbl &&
+	test_when_finished "found_duplicate_object=" &&
+	for p in .git/objects/pack/*.idx; do
+		idx=$(basename $p)
+		test "pack-$packsha1.idx" = "$idx" && continue
+		if git verify-pack -v $p | egrep "^$objsha1"; then
+			found_duplicate_object=1
+			echo "DUPLICATE OBJECT FOUND"
+			break
+		fi
+	done &&
+	test "$found_duplicate_object" = 1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'writing bitmaps via config can duplicate .keep objects' '
+	# build on $objsha1, $packsha1, and .keep state from previous
+	git -c repack.writebitmaps=true repack -Adl &&
+	test_when_finished "found_duplicate_object=" &&
+	for p in .git/objects/pack/*.idx; do
+		idx=$(basename $p)
+		test "pack-$packsha1.idx" = "$idx" && continue
+		if git verify-pack -v $p | egrep "^$objsha1"; then
+			found_duplicate_object=1
+			echo "DUPLICATE OBJECT FOUND"
+			break
+		fi
+	done &&
+	test "$found_duplicate_object" = 1
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'loose objects in alternate ODB are not repacked' '
 	mkdir alt_objects &&
 	echo `pwd`/alt_objects > .git/objects/info/alternates &&
diff --git a/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh b/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh
index 200ab61278..b66e383866 100755
--- a/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh
+++ b/t/t7701-repack-unpack-unreachable.sh
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ compare_mtimes ()
 {
 	read tref rest &&
 	while read t rest; do
-		test "$tref" = "$t" || break
+		test "$tref" = "$t" || return 1
 	done
 }
 
@@ -95,4 +95,31 @@ test_expect_success 'unpacked objects receive timestamp of pack file' '
 	compare_mtimes < mtimes
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'do not bother loosening old objects' '
+	obj1=$(echo one | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	obj2=$(echo two | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
+	pack1=$(echo $obj1 | git pack-objects .git/objects/pack/pack) &&
+	pack2=$(echo $obj2 | git pack-objects .git/objects/pack/pack) &&
+	git prune-packed &&
+	git cat-file -p $obj1 &&
+	git cat-file -p $obj2 &&
+	test-chmtime =-86400 .git/objects/pack/pack-$pack2.pack &&
+	git repack -A -d --unpack-unreachable=1.hour.ago &&
+	git cat-file -p $obj1 &&
+	test_must_fail git cat-file -p $obj2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'keep packed objects found only in index' '
+	echo my-unique-content >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	git commit -m "make it reachable" &&
+	git gc &&
+	git reset HEAD^ &&
+	git reflog expire --expire=now --all &&
+	git add file &&
+	test-chmtime =-86400 .git/objects/pack/* &&
+	git gc --prune=1.hour.ago &&
+	git cat-file blob :file
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7702-repack-cyclic-alternate.sh b/t/t7702-repack-cyclic-alternate.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..93b74867ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t7702-repack-cyclic-alternate.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Ephrim Khong
+#
+
+test_description='repack involving cyclic alternate'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success setup '
+	GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY=.git//../.git/objects &&
+	export GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY &&
+	touch a &&
+	git add a &&
+	git commit -m 1 &&
+	git repack -adl &&
+	echo "$(pwd)"/.git/objects/../objects >.git/objects/info/alternates
+'
+
+test_expect_success 're-packing repository with itsself as alternate' '
+	git repack -adl &&
+	git fsck
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t7800-difftool.sh b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
index 4fb4c9384a..ea35a0241c 100755
--- a/t/t7800-difftool.sh
+++ b/t/t7800-difftool.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010 David Aguilar
+# Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013 David Aguilar
 #
 
 test_description='git-difftool
@@ -10,47 +10,19 @@ Testing basic diff tool invocation
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
 
-remove_config_vars()
+difftool_test_setup ()
 {
-	# Unset all config variables used by git-difftool
-	git config --unset diff.tool
-	git config --unset diff.guitool
-	git config --unset difftool.test-tool.cmd
-	git config --unset difftool.prompt
-	git config --unset merge.tool
-	git config --unset mergetool.test-tool.cmd
-	git config --unset mergetool.prompt
-	return 0
+	test_config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat "$LOCAL"' &&
+	test_config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
 }
 
-restore_test_defaults()
-{
-	# Restores the test defaults used by several tests
-	remove_config_vars
-	unset GIT_DIFF_TOOL
-	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT
-	unset GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd 'cat $LOCAL'
-	git config difftool.bogus-tool.cmd false
-}
-
-prompt_given()
+prompt_given ()
 {
 	prompt="$1"
 	test "$prompt" = "Launch 'test-tool' [Y/n]: branch"
 }
 
-stdin_contains()
-{
-	grep >/dev/null "$1"
-}
-
-stdin_doesnot_contain()
-{
-	! stdin_contains "$1"
-}
-
 # Create a file on master and change it on branch
 test_expect_success PERL 'setup' '
 	echo master >file &&
@@ -65,214 +37,285 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup' '
 
 # Configure a custom difftool.<tool>.cmd and use it
 test_expect_success PERL 'custom commands' '
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	git config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$REMOTE" &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "master" &&
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\"" &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_config difftool.test-tool.cmd "cat \"\$LOCAL\"" &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch"
+test_expect_success PERL 'custom tool commands override built-ins' '
+	test_config difftool.vimdiff.cmd "cat \"\$REMOTE\"" &&
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --tool vimdiff --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-# Ensures that git-difftool ignores bogus --tool values
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool ignores bad --tool values' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch)
-	test "$?" = 1 &&
-	test "$diff" = ""
+	: >expect &&
+	test_must_fail \
+		git difftool --no-prompt --tool=bad-tool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors --gui' '
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.guitool test-tool &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool forwards arguments to diff' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	>for-diff &&
+	git add for-diff &&
+	echo changes>for-diff &&
+	git add for-diff &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git difftool --cached --no-prompt -- for-diff >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git reset -- for-diff &&
+	rm for-diff
 '
 
-test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui works without configured diff.guitool' '
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool ignores exit code' '
+	test_config difftool.error.cmd false &&
+	git difftool -y -t error branch
+'
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool forwards exit code with --trust-exit-code' '
+	test_config difftool.error.cmd false &&
+	test_must_fail git difftool -y --trust-exit-code -t error branch
+'
 
-	restore_test_defaults
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool forwards exit code with --trust-exit-code for built-ins' '
+	test_config difftool.vimdiff.path false &&
+	test_must_fail git difftool -y --trust-exit-code -t vimdiff branch
 '
 
-# Specify the diff tool using $GIT_DIFF_TOOL
-test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL variable' '
-	test_might_fail git config --unset diff.tool &&
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors difftool.trustExitCode = true' '
+	test_config difftool.error.cmd false &&
+	test_config difftool.trustExitCode true &&
+	test_must_fail git difftool -y -t error branch
+'
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors difftool.trustExitCode = false' '
+	test_config difftool.error.cmd false &&
+	test_config difftool.trustExitCode false &&
+	git difftool -y -t error branch
+'
 
-	restore_test_defaults
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool ignores exit code with --no-trust-exit-code' '
+	test_config difftool.error.cmd false &&
+	test_config difftool.trustExitCode true &&
+	git difftool -y --no-trust-exit-code -t error branch
 '
 
-# Test the $GIT_*_TOOL variables and ensure
-# that $GIT_DIFF_TOOL always wins unless --tool is specified
-test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL overrides' '
-	git config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool stops on error with --trust-exit-code' '
+	test_when_finished "rm -f for-diff .git/fail-right-file" &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset -- for-diff" &&
+	write_script .git/fail-right-file <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "$2"
+	exit 1
+	EOF
+	>for-diff &&
+	git add for-diff &&
+	echo file >expect &&
+	test_must_fail git difftool -y --trust-exit-code \
+		--extcmd .git/fail-right-file branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool honors --gui' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui last setting wins' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	: >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui --no-gui >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.guitool test-tool &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --no-gui --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool &&
-	export GIT_DIFF_TOOL &&
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --gui works without configured diff.guitool' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --gui branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+# Specify the diff tool using $GIT_DIFF_TOOL
+test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL variable' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	git config --unset diff.tool &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
 
-	restore_test_defaults
+# Test the $GIT_*_TOOL variables and ensure
+# that $GIT_DIFF_TOOL always wins unless --tool is specified
+test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFF_TOOL overrides' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=test-tool git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+
+	test_config diff.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	GIT_DIFF_TOOL=bogus-tool \
+		git difftool --no-prompt --tool=test-tool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt to difftool
 # when $GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT is true
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT variable' '
-	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true &&
-	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_NO_PROMPT=true git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # git-difftool supports the difftool.prompt variable.
 # Test that GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT can override difftool.prompt = false
 test_expect_success PERL 'GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT variable' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true &&
-	export GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo >input &&
+	GIT_DIFFTOOL_PROMPT=true git difftool branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when difftool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt config variable is false' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that we don't have to pass --no-prompt when mergetool.prompt is false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool merge.prompt = false' '
+	difftool_test_setup &&
 	test_might_fail git config --unset difftool.prompt &&
-	git config mergetool.prompt false &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config mergetool.prompt false &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that the -y flag can override difftool.prompt = true
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt can overridden with -y' '
-	git config difftool.prompt true &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool -y branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt true &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool -y branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Test that the --prompt flag can override difftool.prompt = false
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.prompt can overridden with --prompt' '
-	git config difftool.prompt false &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	test_config difftool.prompt false &&
+	echo >input &&
+	git difftool --prompt branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # Test that the last flag passed on the command-line wins
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool last flag wins' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults &&
-
-	prompt=$(echo | git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch | tail -1) &&
-	prompt_given "$prompt" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	difftool_test_setup &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --prompt --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	echo >input &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --prompt branch <input >output &&
+	prompt=$(tail -1 <output) &&
+	prompt_given "$prompt"
 '
 
 # git-difftool falls back to git-mergetool config variables
 # so test that behavior here
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool + mergetool config variables' '
-	remove_config_vars &&
-	git config merge.tool test-tool &&
-	git config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
+	test_config merge.tool test-tool &&
+	test_config mergetool.test-tool.cmd "cat \$LOCAL" &&
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
 
 	# set merge.tool to something bogus, diff.tool to test-tool
-	git config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
-	git config diff.tool test-tool &&
-
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = "branch" &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config merge.tool bogus-tool &&
+	test_config diff.tool test-tool &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool.<tool>.path' '
-	git config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
-	diff=$(git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch) &&
-	git config --unset difftool.tkdiff.path &&
-	lines=$(echo "$diff" | grep file | wc -l) &&
-	test "$lines" -eq 1 &&
-
-	restore_test_defaults
+	test_config difftool.tkdiff.path echo &&
+	git difftool --tool=tkdiff --no-prompt branch >output &&
+	lines=$(grep file output | wc -l) &&
+	test "$lines" -eq 1
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd=cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd=cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool -x cat' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch"$LF"master
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	echo master >>expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt -x cat branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd echo arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = file
+	echo file >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"echo\ \$1\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg1' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = master
+	echo master >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$1\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --extcmd cat arg2' '
-	diff=$(git difftool --no-prompt --extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch) &&
-	test "$diff" = branch
+	echo branch >expect &&
+	git difftool --no-prompt \
+		--extcmd sh\ -c\ \"cat\ \$2\" branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 # Create a second file on master and a different version on branch
@@ -289,21 +332,176 @@ test_expect_success PERL 'setup with 2 files different' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'say no to the first file' '
-	diff=$( (echo n; echo) | git difftool -x cat branch ) &&
-
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains m2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains br2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain master &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain branch
+	(echo n && echo) >input &&
+	git difftool -x cat branch <input >output &&
+	grep m2 output &&
+	grep br2 output &&
+	! grep master output &&
+	! grep branch output
 '
 
 test_expect_success PERL 'say no to the second file' '
-	diff=$( (echo; echo n) | git difftool -x cat branch ) &&
+	(echo && echo n) >input &&
+	git difftool -x cat branch <input >output &&
+	grep master output &&
+	grep branch output &&
+	! grep m2 output &&
+	! grep br2 output
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'ending prompt input with EOF' '
+	git difftool -x cat branch </dev/null >output &&
+	! grep master output &&
+	! grep branch output &&
+	! grep m2 output &&
+	! grep br2 output
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --tool-help' '
+	git difftool --tool-help >output &&
+	grep tool output
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'setup change in subdirectory' '
+	git checkout master &&
+	mkdir sub &&
+	echo master >sub/sub &&
+	git add sub/sub &&
+	git commit -m "added sub/sub" &&
+	echo test >>file &&
+	echo test >>sub/sub &&
+	git add file sub/sub &&
+	git commit -m "modified both"
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test () {
+	test_expect_success PERL "$1 --no-symlinks" "
+		symlinks=--no-symlinks &&
+		$2
+	"
+	test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS "$1 --symlinks" "
+		symlinks=--symlinks &&
+		$2
+	"
+}
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool -d' '
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff' '
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff ignores --prompt' '
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --prompt --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+	grep sub output &&
+	grep file output
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff from subdirectory' '
+	(
+		cd sub &&
+		git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch >output &&
+		grep sub output &&
+		grep file output
+	)
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff when worktree file is missing' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	rm file2 &&
+	git difftool --dir-diff $symlinks --extcmd ls branch master >output &&
+	grep file2 output
+'
+
+write_script .git/CHECK_SYMLINKS <<\EOF
+for f in file file2 sub/sub
+do
+	echo "$f"
+	readlink "$2/$f"
+done >actual
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL,SYMLINKS 'difftool --dir-diff --symlink without unstaged changes' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	file
+	$(pwd)/file
+	file2
+	$(pwd)/file2
+	sub/sub
+	$(pwd)/sub/sub
+	EOF
+	git difftool --dir-diff --symlink \
+		--extcmd "./.git/CHECK_SYMLINKS" branch HEAD &&
+	test_cmp actual expect
+'
+
+write_script modify-right-file <<\EOF
+echo "new content" >"$2/file"
+EOF
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff syncs worktree with unstaged change' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	echo "orig content" >file &&
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-right-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+run_dir_diff_test 'difftool --dir-diff syncs worktree without unstaged change' '
+	test_when_finished git reset --hard &&
+	git difftool -d $symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-right-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+write_script modify-file <<\EOF
+echo "new content" >file
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --no-symlinks does not overwrite working tree file ' '
+	echo "orig content" >file &&
+	git difftool --dir-diff --no-symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-file" branch &&
+	echo "new content" >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect file
+'
+
+write_script modify-both-files <<\EOF
+echo "wt content" >file &&
+echo "tmp content" >"$2/file" &&
+echo "$2" >tmpdir
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool --no-symlinks detects conflict ' '
+	(
+		TMPDIR=$TRASH_DIRECTORY &&
+		export TMPDIR &&
+		echo "orig content" >file &&
+		test_must_fail git difftool --dir-diff --no-symlinks --extcmd "$(pwd)/modify-both-files" branch &&
+		echo "wt content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect file &&
+		echo "tmp content" >expect &&
+		test_cmp expect "$(cat tmpdir)/file"
+	)
+'
 
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains master &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_contains branch &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain m2 &&
-	echo "$diff" | stdin_doesnot_contain br2
+test_expect_success PERL 'difftool properly honors gitlink and core.worktree' '
+	git submodule add ./. submod/ule &&
+	(
+		cd submod/ule &&
+		test_config diff.tool checktrees &&
+		test_config difftool.checktrees.cmd '\''
+			test -d "$LOCAL" && test -d "$REMOTE" && echo good
+		'\'' &&
+		echo good >expect &&
+		git difftool --tool=checktrees --dir-diff HEAD~ >actual &&
+		test_cmp expect actual
+	)
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7810-grep.sh b/t/t7810-grep.sh
index d9ad633310..028ffe4a05 100755
--- a/t/t7810-grep.sh
+++ b/t/t7810-grep.sh
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ do
 
 	test_expect_success "grep -w $L (w)" '
 		: >expected &&
-		test_must_fail git grep -n -w -e "^w" >actual &&
+		test_must_fail git grep -n -w -e "^w" $H >actual &&
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 
@@ -240,14 +240,104 @@ do
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=false" '
-		echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
-		git -c grep.extendedRegexp=false grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.extendedRegexp=false grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 
 	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=true" '
-		echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
-		git -c grep.extendedRegexp=true grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.extendedRegexp=true grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patterntype=basic" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=basic grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patterntype=extended" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=extended grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patterntype=fixed" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=fixed grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success LIBPCRE "grep $L with grep.patterntype=perl" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+		git -c grep.patterntype=perl grep "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patternType=default and grep.extendedRegexp=true" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.patternType=default \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=true and grep.patternType=default" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			-c grep.patternType=default \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patternType=extended and grep.extendedRegexp=false" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.patternType=extended \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=false \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.patternType=basic and grep.extendedRegexp=true" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.patternType=basic \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=false and grep.patternType=extended" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:abc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=false \
+			-c grep.patternType=extended \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep $L with grep.extendedRegexp=true and grep.patternType=basic" '
+		echo "${HC}ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+		git \
+			-c grep.extendedRegexp=true \
+			-c grep.patternType=basic \
+			grep "a+b*c" $H ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep --count $L" '
+		echo ${HC}ab:3 >expected &&
+		git grep --count -e b $H -- ab >actual &&
+		test_cmp expected actual
+	'
+
+	test_expect_success "grep --count -h $L" '
+		echo 3 >expected &&
+		git grep --count -h -e b $H -- ab >actual &&
 		test_cmp expected actual
 	'
 done
@@ -351,6 +441,11 @@ test_expect_success 'grep -f, multiple patterns' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep, multiple patterns' '
+	git grep "$(cat patterns)" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 cat >expected <<EOF
 file:foo mmap bar
 file:foo_mmap bar
@@ -394,17 +489,6 @@ test_expect_success 'grep -q, silently report matches' '
 	test_cmp empty actual
 '
 
-# Create 1024 file names that sort between "y" and "z" to make sure
-# the two files are handled by different calls to an external grep.
-# This depends on MAXARGS in builtin-grep.c being 1024 or less.
-c32="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v"
-test_expect_success 'grep -C1, hunk mark between files' '
-	for a in $c32; do for b in $c32; do : >y-$a$b; done; done &&
-	git add y-?? &&
-	git grep -C1 "^[yz]" >actual &&
-	test_cmp expected actual
-'
-
 test_expect_success 'grep -C1 hunk mark between files' '
 	git grep -C1 "^[yz]" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
@@ -430,31 +514,41 @@ test_expect_success 'log grep setup' '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (1)' '
 	git log --author=author --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (2)' '
 	git log --author=" * " -F --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo second ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo second
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (3)' '
 	git log --author="^A U" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (4)' '
 	git log --author="frotz\.com>$" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo second ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo second
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'log grep (5)' '
 	git log --author=Thor -F --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
-	( echo third ; echo initial ) >expect &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -464,11 +558,49 @@ test_expect_success 'log grep (6)' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'log --grep --author implicitly uses all-match' '
-	# grep matches initial and second but not third
-	# author matches only initial and third
-	git log --author="A U Thor" --grep=s --grep=l --format=%s >actual &&
-	echo initial >expect &&
+test_expect_success 'log grep (7)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	echo third >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (8)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --grep-reflog="commit: second" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third && echo second
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (9)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --author="Thor" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	echo third >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log grep (9)' '
+	git log -g --grep-reflog="commit: third" --author="non-existant" --pretty=tformat:%s >actual &&
+	: >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep-reflog can only be used under -g' '
+	test_must_fail git log --grep-reflog="commit: third"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log with multiple --grep uses union' '
+	git log --grep=i --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo fourth && echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --all-match with multiple --grep uses intersection' '
+	git log --all-match --grep=i --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third
+	} >expect &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -480,7 +612,47 @@ test_expect_success 'log with multiple --author uses union' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'log with --grep and multiple --author uses all-match' '
+test_expect_success 'log --all-match with multiple --author still uses union' '
+	git log --all-match --author="Thor" --author="Aster" --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+	    echo third && echo second && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep --author uses intersection' '
+	# grep matches only third and fourth
+	# author matches only initial and third
+	git log --author="A U Thor" --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep --grep --author takes union of greps and intersects with author' '
+	# grep matches initial and second but not third
+	# author matches only initial and third
+	git log --author="A U Thor" --grep=s --grep=l --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log ---all-match -grep --author --author still takes union of authors and intersects with grep' '
+	# grep matches only initial and third
+	# author matches all but second
+	git log --all-match --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=i --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+	    echo third && echo initial
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --grep --author --author takes union of authors and intersects with grep' '
+	# grep matches only initial and third
+	# author matches all but second
 	git log --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=i --format=%s >actual &&
 	{
 	    echo third && echo initial
@@ -488,9 +660,25 @@ test_expect_success 'log with --grep and multiple --author uses all-match' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'log with --grep and multiple --author uses all-match' '
-	git log --author="Thor" --author="Night" --grep=q --format=%s >actual &&
-	>expect &&
+test_expect_success 'log --all-match --grep --grep --author takes intersection' '
+	# grep matches only third
+	# author matches only initial and third
+	git log --all-match --author="A U Thor" --grep=i --grep=r --format=%s >actual &&
+	{
+		echo third
+	} >expect &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --author does not search in timestamp' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git log --author="$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'log --committer does not search in timestamp' '
+	: >expect &&
+	git log --committer="$GIT_COMMITTER_DATE" >actual &&
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
@@ -767,48 +955,146 @@ test_expect_success 'grep -G invalidpattern properly dies ' '
 	test_must_fail git grep -G "a["
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep invalidpattern properly dies with grep.patternType=basic' '
+	test_must_fail git -c grep.patterntype=basic grep "a["
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -E invalidpattern properly dies ' '
 	test_must_fail git grep -E "a["
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep invalidpattern properly dies with grep.patternType=extended' '
+	test_must_fail git -c grep.patterntype=extended grep "a["
+'
+
 test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -P invalidpattern properly dies ' '
 	test_must_fail git grep -P "a["
 '
 
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep invalidpattern properly dies with grep.patternType=perl' '
+	test_must_fail git -c grep.patterntype=perl grep "a["
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -G -E -F pattern' '
 	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
 	git grep -G -E -F "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=basic, =extended, =fixed' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -E -F -G pattern' '
 	echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
 	git grep -E -F -G "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=extended, =fixed, =basic' '
+	echo "ab:a+bc" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -F -G -E pattern' '
 	echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
 	git grep -F -G -E "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=fixed, =basic, =extended' '
+	echo "ab:abc" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		grep "a+b*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'grep -G -F -P -E pattern' '
 	>empty &&
 	test_must_fail git grep -G -F -P -E "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp empty actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=fixed, =basic, =perl, =extended' '
+	>empty &&
+	test_must_fail git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=perl \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		grep "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp empty actual
+'
+
 test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -G -F -E -P pattern' '
 	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
 	git grep -G -F -E -P "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
-test_config() {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep pattern with grep.patternType=fixed, =basic, =extended, =perl' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		-c grep.patterntype=extended \
+		-c grep.patterntype=perl \
+		grep "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -P pattern with grep.patternType=fixed' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep -P "a\x{2b}b\x{2a}c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -F pattern with grep.patternType=basic' '
+	echo "ab:a+b*c" >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=basic \
+		grep -F "*c" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -G pattern with grep.patternType=fixed' '
+	{
+		echo "ab:a+b*c"
+		echo "ab:a+bc"
+	} >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep -G "a+b" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'grep -E pattern with grep.patternType=fixed' '
+	{
+		echo "ab:a+b*c"
+		echo "ab:a+bc"
+		echo "ab:abc"
+	} >expected &&
+	git \
+		-c grep.patterntype=fixed \
+		grep -E "a+" ab >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
 hello.c<RED>:<RESET>int main(int argc, const char **argv)
@@ -916,4 +1202,98 @@ test_expect_success LIBPCRE 'grep -P "^ "' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+cat >expected <<EOF
+space-line without leading space1
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading space1
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading <RED>space2<RESET>
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading space3
+space:line without leading <RED>space2<RESET>
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --color -e A -e B with context' '
+	test_config color.grep.context		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.filename		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.function		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.linenumber	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchContext	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchSelected	red &&
+	test_config color.grep.selected		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.separator	normal &&
+
+	git grep --color=always -C2 -e "with " -e space2  space |
+	test_decode_color >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+space-line without leading space1
+space- line with leading space1
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading <RED>space2<RESET>
+space- line with leading space3
+space-line without leading space2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --color -e A --and -e B with context' '
+	test_config color.grep.context		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.filename		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.function		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.linenumber	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchContext	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchSelected	red &&
+	test_config color.grep.selected		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.separator	normal &&
+
+	git grep --color=always -C2 -e "with " --and -e space2  space |
+	test_decode_color >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+space-line without leading space1
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading space1
+space- line with leading space2
+space: line <RED>with <RESET>leading space3
+space-line without leading space2
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --color -e A --and --not -e B with context' '
+	test_config color.grep.context		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.filename		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.function		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.linenumber	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchContext	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchSelected	red &&
+	test_config color.grep.selected		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.separator	normal &&
+
+	git grep --color=always -C2 -e "with " --and --not -e space2  space |
+	test_decode_color >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<EOF
+hello.c-#include <stdio.h>
+hello.c=int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+hello.c-{
+hello.c:	pr<RED>int<RESET>f("<RED>Hello<RESET> world.\n");
+hello.c-	return 0;
+hello.c-	/* char ?? */
+hello.c-}
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'grep --color -e A --and -e B -p with context' '
+	test_config color.grep.context		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.filename		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.function		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.linenumber	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchContext	normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.matchSelected	red &&
+	test_config color.grep.selected		normal &&
+	test_config color.grep.separator	normal &&
+
+	git grep --color=always -p -C3 -e int --and -e Hello --no-index hello.c |
+	test_decode_color >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t7811-grep-open.sh b/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
index a8957782cf..e1951a5cbb 100755
--- a/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
+++ b/t/t7811-grep-open.sh
@@ -125,11 +125,6 @@ test_expect_success 'modified file' '
 	test_cmp empty out
 '
 
-test_config() {
-	git config "$1" "$2" &&
-	test_when_finished "git config --unset $1"
-}
-
 test_expect_success 'copes with color settings' '
 	rm -f actual &&
 	echo grep.h >expect &&
diff --git a/t/t8001-annotate.sh b/t/t8001-annotate.sh
index 41962f04a7..72176e42c1 100755
--- a/t/t8001-annotate.sh
+++ b/t/t8001-annotate.sh
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ test_description='git annotate'
 PROG='git annotate'
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
 
-test_expect_success 'Annotating an old revision works' '
-	git annotate file master >result &&
-	awk "{ print \$3; }" <result >authors &&
+test_expect_success 'annotate old revision' '
+	git annotate file master >actual &&
+	awk "{ print \$3; }" <actual >authors &&
 	test 2 = $(grep A <authors | wc -l) &&
 	test 2 = $(grep B <authors | wc -l)
 '
diff --git a/t/t8002-blame.sh b/t/t8002-blame.sh
index e2896cffc1..5cdf3f178e 100755
--- a/t/t8002-blame.sh
+++ b/t/t8002-blame.sh
@@ -7,8 +7,16 @@ PROG='git blame -c'
 . "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/annotate-tests.sh
 
 PROG='git blame -c -e'
-test_expect_success 'Blame --show-email works' '
-    check_count "<A@test.git>" 1 "<B@test.git>" 1 "<B1@test.git>" 1 "<B2@test.git>" 1 "<author@example.com>" 1 "<C@test.git>" 1 "<D@test.git>" 1 "<E at test dot git>" 1
+test_expect_success 'blame --show-email' '
+	check_count \
+		"<A@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B1@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<B2@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<author@example.com>" 1 \
+		"<C@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<D@test.git>" 1 \
+		"<E at test dot git>" 1
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
index 230143cf31..32895e5acb 100755
--- a/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
+++ b/t/t8003-blame-corner-cases.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ test_expect_success setup '
 	cat one >uno &&
 	mv two dos &&
 	cat one >>tres &&
-	echo DEF >>mouse
+	echo DEF >>mouse &&
 	git add uno dos tres mouse &&
 	test_tick &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Second git commit -a -m Second &&
@@ -153,15 +153,15 @@ test_expect_success 'blame path that used to be a directory' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'blame to a commit with no author name' '
-  TREE=`git rev-parse HEAD:`
-  cat >badcommit <<EOF
+  TREE=`git rev-parse HEAD:` &&
+  cat >badcommit <<EOF &&
 tree $TREE
 author <noname> 1234567890 +0000
 committer David Reiss <dreiss@facebook.com> 1234567890 +0000
 
 some message
 EOF
-  COMMIT=`git hash-object -t commit -w badcommit`
+  COMMIT=`git hash-object -t commit -w badcommit` &&
   git --no-pager blame $COMMIT -- uno >/dev/null
 '
 
@@ -175,6 +175,12 @@ test_expect_success 'blame -L with invalid end' '
 	grep "has only 2 lines" errors
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'blame parses <end> part of -L' '
+	git blame -L1,1 tres >out &&
+	cat out &&
+	test $(wc -l < out) -eq 1
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'indent of line numbers, nine lines' '
 	git blame nine_lines >actual &&
 	test $(grep -c "  " actual) = 0
@@ -185,4 +191,13 @@ test_expect_success 'indent of line numbers, ten lines' '
 	test $(grep -c "  " actual) = 9
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'blaming files with CRLF newlines' '
+	git config core.autocrlf false &&
+	printf "testcase\r\n" >crlffile &&
+	git add crlffile &&
+	git commit -m testcase &&
+	git -c core.autocrlf=input blame crlffile >actual &&
+	grep "A U Thor" actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh b/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
index ba19ac127e..9c353ab222 100755
--- a/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
+++ b/t/t8004-blame-with-conflicts.sh
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	git blame file2
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'blame runs on conflicted file in stages 1,3' '
+test_expect_success 'blame does not crash with conflicted file in stages 1,3' '
 	git blame file1
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh b/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh
index cb390559f9..847d098c09 100755
--- a/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh
+++ b/t/t8005-blame-i18n.sh
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ author $SJIS_NAME
 summary $SJIS_MSG
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
+test_expect_success !MINGW \
 	'blame respects i18n.commitencoding' '
 	git blame --incremental file | \
 		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ author $EUC_JAPAN_NAME
 summary $EUC_JAPAN_MSG
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
+test_expect_success !MINGW \
 	'blame respects i18n.logoutputencoding' '
 	git config i18n.logoutputencoding eucJP &&
 	git blame --incremental file | \
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ author $UTF8_NAME
 summary $UTF8_MSG
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
+test_expect_success !MINGW \
 	'blame respects --encoding=UTF-8' '
 	git blame --incremental --encoding=UTF-8 file | \
 		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ author $UTF8_NAME
 summary $UTF8_MSG
 EOF
 
-test_expect_success \
+test_expect_success !MINGW \
 	'blame respects --encoding=none' '
 	git blame --incremental --encoding=none file | \
 		egrep "^(author|summary) " > actual &&
diff --git a/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh b/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
index c3c22f7764..7683515155 100755
--- a/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t8006-blame-textconv.sh
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ find_blame() {
 cat >helper <<'EOF'
 #!/bin/sh
 grep -q '^bin: ' "$1" || { echo "E: $1 is not \"binary\" file" 1>&2; exit 1; }
-perl -p -e 's/^bin: /converted: /' "$1"
+"$PERL_PATH" -p -e 's/^bin: /converted: /' "$1"
 EOF
 chmod +x helper
 
@@ -18,17 +18,13 @@ test_expect_success 'setup ' '
 	echo "bin: test number 0" >zero.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test 1" >one.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test number 2" >two.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s one.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	test_ln_s_add one.bin symlink.bin &&
 	git add . &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number1 git commit -a -m First --date="2010-01-01 18:00:00" &&
 	echo "bin: test 1 version 2" >one.bin &&
 	echo "bin: test number 2 version 2" >>two.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		rm symlink.bin &&
-		ln -s two.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	rm -f symlink.bin &&
+	test_ln_s_add two.bin symlink.bin &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number2 git commit -a -m Second --date="2010-01-01 20:00:00"
 '
 
@@ -135,7 +131,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'blame --textconv (on symlink)' '
 
 # cp two.bin three.bin  and make small tweak
 # (this will direct blame -C -C three.bin to consider two.bin and symlink.bin)
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'make another new commit' '
+test_expect_success 'make another new commit' '
 	cat >three.bin <<\EOF &&
 bin: test number 2
 bin: test number 2 version 2
@@ -146,7 +142,7 @@ EOF
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number4 git commit -a -m Fourth --date="2010-01-01 23:00:00"
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'blame on last commit (-C -C, symlink)' '
+test_expect_success 'blame on last commit (-C -C, symlink)' '
 	git blame -C -C three.bin >blame &&
 	find_blame <blame >result &&
 	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
diff --git a/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh b/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
index 78a0085e64..eacd49ade6 100755
--- a/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
+++ b/t/t8007-cat-file-textconv.sh
@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ chmod +x helper
 
 test_expect_success 'setup ' '
 	echo "bin: test" >one.bin &&
-	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s one.bin symlink.bin
-	fi &&
+	test_ln_s_add one.bin symlink.bin &&
 	git add . &&
 	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME=Number1 git commit -a -m First --date="2010-01-01 18:00:00" &&
 	echo "bin: test version 2" >one.bin &&
@@ -22,11 +20,11 @@ test_expect_success 'setup ' '
 '
 
 cat >expected <<EOF
-fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on :one.bin
+bin: test version 2
 EOF
 
 test_expect_success 'no filter specified' '
-	git cat-file --textconv :one.bin 2>result
+	git cat-file --textconv :one.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
@@ -36,10 +34,6 @@ test_expect_success 'setup textconv filters' '
 	git config diff.test.cachetextconv false
 '
 
-cat >expected <<EOF
-bin: test version 2
-EOF
-
 test_expect_success 'cat-file without --textconv' '
 	git cat-file blob :one.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
@@ -72,26 +66,20 @@ test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on previous commit' '
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file without --textconv (symlink)' '
+test_expect_success 'cat-file without --textconv (symlink)' '
+	printf "%s" "one.bin" >expected &&
 	git cat-file blob :symlink.bin >result &&
-	printf "%s" "one.bin" >expected
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file --textconv on index (symlink)' '
-	! git cat-file --textconv :symlink.bin 2>result &&
-	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
-fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on :symlink.bin
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on index (symlink)' '
+	git cat-file --textconv :symlink.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'cat-file --textconv on HEAD (symlink)' '
-	! git cat-file --textconv HEAD:symlink.bin 2>result &&
-	cat >expected <<EOF &&
-fatal: git cat-file --textconv: unable to run textconv on HEAD:symlink.bin
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'cat-file --textconv on HEAD (symlink)' '
+	git cat-file --textconv HEAD:symlink.bin >result &&
 	test_cmp expected result
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t8008-blame-formats.sh b/t/t8008-blame-formats.sh
index d15f8b3d47..29f84a6dd1 100755
--- a/t/t8008-blame-formats.sh
+++ b/t/t8008-blame-formats.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ test_description='blame output in various formats on a simple case'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
 	echo a >file &&
-	git add file
+	git add file &&
 	test_tick &&
 	git commit -m one &&
 	echo b >>file &&
diff --git a/t/t9001-send-email.sh b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
index 8c12c65c72..7be14a4e37 100755
--- a/t/t9001-send-email.sh
+++ b/t/t9001-send-email.sh
@@ -6,36 +6,37 @@ test_description='git send-email'
 # May be altered later in the test
 PREREQ="PERL"
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ \
-    'prepare reference tree' \
-    'echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
-     echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
-     git add file &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Initial."'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ \
-    'Setup helper tool' \
-    '(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
-      echo shift
-      echo output=1
-      echo "while test -f commandline\$output; do output=\$((\$output+1)); done"
-      echo for a
-      echo do
-      echo "  echo \"!\$a!\""
-      echo "done >commandline\$output"
-      test_have_prereq MINGW && echo "dos2unix commandline\$output"
-      echo "cat > msgtxt\$output"
-      ) >fake.sendmail &&
-     chmod +x ./fake.sendmail &&
-     git add fake.sendmail &&
-     GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Second."'
-
-clean_fake_sendmail() {
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'prepare reference tree' '
+	echo "1A quick brown fox jumps over the" >file &&
+	echo "lazy dog" >>file &&
+	git add file &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Initial."
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Setup helper tool' '
+	write_script fake.sendmail <<-\EOF &&
+	shift
+	output=1
+	while test -f commandline$output
+	do
+		output=$(($output+1))
+	done
+	for a
+	do
+		echo "!$a!"
+	done >commandline$output
+	cat >"msgtxt$output"
+	EOF
+	git add fake.sendmail &&
+	GIT_AUTHOR_NAME="A" git commit -a -m "Second."
+'
+
+clean_fake_sendmail () {
 	rm -f commandline* msgtxt*
 }
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Extract patches' '
-    patches=`git format-patch -s --cc="One <one@example.com>" --cc=two@example.com -n HEAD^1`
+	patches=`git format-patch -s --cc="One <one@example.com>" --cc=two@example.com -n HEAD^1`
 '
 
 # Test no confirm early to ensure remaining tests will not hang
@@ -48,9 +49,9 @@ test_no_confirm () {
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$@ \
-		$patches > stdout &&
+		$patches >stdout &&
 		test_must_fail grep "Send this email" stdout &&
-		> no_confirm_okay
+		>no_confirm_okay
 }
 
 # Exit immediately to prevent hang if a no-confirm test fails
@@ -83,61 +84,61 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'No confirm with sendemail.confirm=never' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Send patches' '
-     git send-email --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+	git send-email --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-!nobody@example.com!
-!author@example.com!
-!one@example.com!
-!two@example.com!
-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	!nobody@example.com!
+	!author@example.com!
+	!one@example.com!
+	!two@example.com!
+	EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ \
-    'Verify commandline' \
-    'test_cmp expected commandline1'
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Verify commandline' '
+	test_cmp expected commandline1
+'
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Send patches with --envelope-sender' '
-    clean_fake_sendmail &&
-     git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributer <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email --envelope-sender="Patch Contributor <patch@example.com>" --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-!patch@example.com!
-!-i!
-!nobody@example.com!
-!author@example.com!
-!one@example.com!
-!two@example.com!
-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	!patch@example.com!
+	!-i!
+	!nobody@example.com!
+	!author@example.com!
+	!one@example.com!
+	!two@example.com!
+	EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ \
-    'Verify commandline' \
-    'test_cmp expected commandline1'
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Verify commandline' '
+	test_cmp expected commandline1
+'
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Send patches with --envelope-sender=auto' '
-    clean_fake_sendmail &&
-     git send-email --envelope-sender=auto --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email --envelope-sender=auto --suppress-cc=sob --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" --to=nobody@example.com --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" $patches 2>errors
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >expected <<\EOF
-!nobody@example.com!
-!-i!
-!nobody@example.com!
-!author@example.com!
-!one@example.com!
-!two@example.com!
-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	!nobody@example.com!
+	!-i!
+	!nobody@example.com!
+	!author@example.com!
+	!one@example.com!
+	!two@example.com!
+	EOF
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ \
-    'Verify commandline' \
-    'test_cmp expected commandline1'
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Verify commandline' '
+	test_cmp expected commandline1
+'
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' "
 cat >expected-show-all-headers <<\EOF
@@ -171,6 +172,88 @@ Result: OK
 EOF
 "
 
+test_suppress_self () {
+	test_commit $3 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+
+	write_script cccmd-sed <<-EOF &&
+		sed -n -e s/^cccmd--//p "\$1"
+	EOF
+
+	git commit --amend --author="$1 <$2>" -F - &&
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >"suppress-self-$3.patch" &&
+
+	git send-email --from="$1 <$2>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--cc-cmd=./cccmd-sed \
+		--suppress-cc=self \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		suppress-self-$3.patch &&
+
+	mv msgtxt1 msgtxt1-$3 &&
+	sed -e '/^$/q' msgtxt1-$3 >"msghdr1-$3" &&
+	>"expected-no-cc-$3" &&
+
+	(grep '^Cc:' msghdr1-$3 >"actual-no-cc-$3";
+	 test_cmp expected-no-cc-$3 actual-no-cc-$3)
+}
+
+test_suppress_self_unquoted () {
+	test_suppress_self "$1" "$2" "unquoted-$3" <<-EOF
+		test suppress-cc.self unquoted-$3 with name $1 email $2
+
+		unquoted-$3
+
+		cccmd--$1 <$2>
+
+		Cc: $1 <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_suppress_self_quoted () {
+	test_suppress_self "$1" "$2" "quoted-$3" <<-EOF
+		test suppress-cc.self quoted-$3 with name $1 email $2
+
+		quoted-$3
+
+		cccmd--"$1" <$2>
+
+		Cc: $1 <$2>
+		Cc: "$1" <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: $1 <$2>
+		Signed-off-by: "$1" <$2>
+	EOF
+}
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_unquoted 'A U Thor' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'self name with dot is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'A U. Thor' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_dot_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'non-ascii self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'Füñný Nâmé' 'odd_?=mail@example.com' \
+		'non_ascii_self_suppressed'
+"
+
+# This name is long enough to force format-patch to split it into multiple
+# encoded-words, assuming it uses UTF-8 with the "Q" encoding.
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'long non-ascii self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_quoted 'Ƒüñníęř €. Nâṁé' 'odd_?=mail@example.com' \
+		'long_non_ascii_self_suppressed'
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sanitized self name is suppressed' "
+	test_suppress_self_unquoted '\"A U. Thor\"' 'author@example.com' \
+		'self_name_sanitized_suppressed'
+"
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Show all headers' '
 	git send-email \
 		--dry-run \
@@ -191,26 +274,51 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Show all headers' '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Prompting works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	(echo "Example <from@example.com>"
-	 echo "to@example.com"
+	(echo "to@example.com"
 	 echo ""
 	) | GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches \
 		2>errors &&
-		grep "^From: Example <from@example.com>\$" msgtxt1 &&
+		grep "^From: A U Thor <author@example.com>\$" msgtxt1 &&
 		grep "^To: to@example.com\$" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ,AUTOIDENT 'implicit ident is allowed' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		--to=to@example.com \
+		$patches </dev/null 2>errors
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ,!AUTOIDENT 'broken implicit ident aborts send-email' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	(sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL &&
+	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 && export GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		--to=to@example.com \
+		$patches </dev/null 2>errors &&
+	test_i18ngrep "tell me who you are" errors
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'tocmd works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
 	cp $patches tocmd.patch &&
 	echo tocmd--tocmd@example.com >>tocmd.patch &&
-	{
-	  echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
-	  echo sed -n -e s/^tocmd--//p \"\$1\"
-	} > tocmd-sed &&
-	chmod +x tocmd-sed &&
+	write_script tocmd-sed <<-\EOF &&
+	sed -n -e "s/^tocmd--//p" "$1"
+	EOF
 	git send-email \
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to-cmd=./tocmd-sed \
@@ -224,11 +332,9 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'cccmd works' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
 	cp $patches cccmd.patch &&
 	echo "cccmd--  cccmd@example.com" >>cccmd.patch &&
-	{
-	  echo "#!$SHELL_PATH"
-	  echo sed -n -e s/^cccmd--//p \"\$1\"
-	} > cccmd-sed &&
-	chmod +x cccmd-sed &&
+	write_script cccmd-sed <<-\EOF &&
+	sed -n -e "s/^cccmd--//p" "$1"
+	EOF
 	git send-email \
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
@@ -266,7 +372,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Author From: in message body' '
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches &&
-	sed "1,/^\$/d" < msgtxt1 > msgbody1 &&
+	sed "1,/^\$/d" <msgtxt1 >msgbody1 &&
 	grep "From: A <author@example.com>" msgbody1
 '
 
@@ -277,7 +383,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Author From: not in message body' '
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches &&
-	sed "1,/^\$/d" < msgtxt1 > msgbody1 &&
+	sed "1,/^\$/d" <msgtxt1 >msgbody1 &&
 	! grep "From: A <author@example.com>" msgbody1
 '
 
@@ -286,7 +392,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'allow long lines with --no-validate' '
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-		--novalidate \
+		--no-validate \
 		$patches longline.patch \
 		2>errors
 '
@@ -308,7 +414,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'Valid In-Reply-To when prompting' '
 	(echo "From Example <from@example.com>"
 	 echo "To Example <to@example.com>"
 	 echo ""
-	) | env GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
+	) | GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 git send-email \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches 2>errors &&
 	! grep "^In-Reply-To: < *>" msgtxt1
@@ -320,7 +426,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'In-Reply-To without --chain-reply-to' '
 	git send-email \
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
-		--nochain-reply-to \
+		--no-chain-reply-to \
 		--in-reply-to="$(cat expect)" \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 		$patches $patches $patches \
@@ -358,10 +464,9 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'In-Reply-To with --chain-reply-to' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup fake editor' '
-	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
-	 echo "echo fake edit >>\"\$1\""
-	) >fake-editor &&
-	chmod +x fake-editor
+	write_script fake-editor <<-\EOF
+	echo fake edit >>"$1"
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_set_editor "$(pwd)/fake-editor"
@@ -497,8 +602,9 @@ EOF
 "
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.cccmd' '
-	echo echo cc-cmd@example.com > cccmd &&
-	chmod +x cccmd &&
+	write_script cccmd <<-\EOF &&
+	echo cc-cmd@example.com
+	EOF
 	git config sendemail.cccmd ./cccmd &&
 	test_suppression cccmd
 '
@@ -691,7 +797,7 @@ test_confirm () {
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-		$@ $patches > stdout &&
+		$@ $patches >stdout &&
 	grep "Send this email" stdout
 }
 
@@ -712,25 +818,19 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--confirm=compose' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm by default (due to cc)' '
-	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	test_when_finished git config sendemail.confirm never &&
 	git config --unset sendemail.confirm &&
 	test_confirm
-	ret="$?"
-	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
-	test $ret = "0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm by default (due to --compose)' '
-	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	test_when_finished git config sendemail.confirm never &&
 	git config --unset sendemail.confirm &&
 	test_confirm --suppress-cc=all --compose
-	ret="$?"
-	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
-	test $ret = "0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm detects EOF (inform assumes y)' '
-	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	test_when_finished git config sendemail.confirm never &&
 	git config --unset sendemail.confirm &&
 	rm -fr outdir &&
 	git format-patch -2 -o outdir &&
@@ -739,14 +839,11 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm detects EOF (inform assumes y)' '
 			--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 			--to=nobody@example.com \
 			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-			outdir/*.patch < /dev/null
-	ret="$?"
-	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
-	test $ret = "0"
+			outdir/*.patch </dev/null
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm detects EOF (auto causes failure)' '
-	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+	test_when_finished git config sendemail.confirm never &&
 	git config sendemail.confirm auto &&
 	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 &&
 	export GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY &&
@@ -754,14 +851,11 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm detects EOF (auto causes failure)' '
 			--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 			--to=nobody@example.com \
 			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-			$patches < /dev/null
-	ret="$?"
-	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
-	test $ret = "0"
+			$patches </dev/null
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm doesnt loop forever' '
-	CONFIRM=$(git config --get sendemail.confirm) &&
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm does not loop forever' '
+	test_when_finished git config sendemail.confirm never &&
 	git config sendemail.confirm auto &&
 	GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY=1 &&
 	export GIT_SEND_EMAIL_NOTTY &&
@@ -770,9 +864,6 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'confirm doesnt loop forever' '
 			--to=nobody@example.com \
 			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
 			$patches
-	ret="$?"
-	git config sendemail.confirm ${CONFIRM:-never}
-	test $ret = "0"
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 Cc is rfc2047 encoded' '
@@ -790,39 +881,39 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 Cc is rfc2047 encoded' '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose adds MIME for utf8 body' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
-	 echo "echo utf8 body: àéìöú >>\"\$1\""
-	) >fake-editor-utf8 &&
-	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8 &&
-	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
-	  git send-email \
-	  --compose --subject foo \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=nobody@example.com \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  $patches &&
+	write_script fake-editor-utf8 <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "utf8 body: àéìöú" >>"$1"
+	EOF
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose --subject foo \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
 	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
 	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8" msgtxt1
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose respects user mime type' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	(echo "#!$SHELL_PATH" &&
-	 echo "(echo MIME-Version: 1.0"
-	 echo " echo Content-Type: text/plain\\; charset=iso-8859-1"
-	 echo " echo Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
-	 echo " echo Subject: foo"
-	 echo " echo "
-	 echo " echo utf8 body: àéìöú) >\"\$1\""
-	) >fake-editor-utf8-mime &&
-	chmod +x fake-editor-utf8-mime &&
-	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8-mime\"" \
-	  git send-email \
-	  --compose --subject foo \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=nobody@example.com \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  $patches &&
+	write_script fake-editor-utf8-mime <<-\EOF &&
+	cat >"$1" <<-\EOM
+	MIME-Version: 1.0
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
+	Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+	Subject: foo
+
+	utf8 body: àéìöú
+	EOM
+	EOF
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8-mime\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose --subject foo \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
 	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
 	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1 &&
 	! grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8" msgtxt1
@@ -830,19 +921,112 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose respects user mime type' '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose adds MIME for utf8 subject' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
-	  GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor\"" \
-	  git send-email \
-	  --compose --subject utf8-sübjëct \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=nobody@example.com \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  $patches &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose --subject utf8-sübjëct \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
 	grep "^fake edit" msgtxt1 &&
 	grep "^Subject: =?UTF-8?q?utf8-s=C3=BCbj=C3=ABct?=" msgtxt1
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 author is correctly passed on' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	test_commit weird_author &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git commit --amend --author "Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >funny_name.patch &&
+	git send-email --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		funny_name.patch &&
+	grep "^From: Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'utf8 sender is not duplicated' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	test_commit weird_sender &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard HEAD^" &&
+	git commit --amend --author "Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" &&
+	git format-patch --stdout -1 >funny_name.patch &&
+	git send-email --from="Füñný Nâmé <odd_?=mail@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		funny_name.patch &&
+	grep "^From: " msgtxt1 >msgfrom &&
+	test_line_count = 1 msgfrom
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.composeencoding works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.composeencoding iso-8859-1 &&
+	write_script fake-editor-utf8 <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "utf8 body: àéìöú" >>"$1"
+	EOF
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose --subject foo \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding works' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	write_script fake-editor-utf8 <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "utf8 body: àéìöú" >>"$1"
+	EOF
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose-encoding iso-8859-1 \
+		--compose --subject foo \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding overrides sendemail.composeencoding' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.composeencoding iso-8859-1 &&
+	write_script fake-editor-utf8 <<-\EOF &&
+	echo "utf8 body: àéìöú" >>"$1"
+	EOF
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor-utf8\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose-encoding iso-8859-2 \
+		--compose --subject foo \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
+	grep "^utf8 body" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-2" msgtxt1
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--compose-encoding adds correct MIME for subject' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	GIT_EDITOR="\"$(pwd)/fake-editor\"" \
+	git send-email \
+		--compose-encoding iso-8859-2 \
+		--compose --subject utf8-sübjëct \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$patches &&
+	grep "^fake edit" msgtxt1 &&
+	grep "^Subject: =?iso-8859-2?q?utf8-s=C3=BCbj=C3=ABct?=" msgtxt1
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'detects ambiguous reference/file conflict' '
-	echo master > master &&
+	echo master >master &&
 	git add master &&
 	git commit -m"add master" &&
 	test_must_fail git send-email --dry-run master 2>errors &&
@@ -853,10 +1037,10 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'feed two files' '
 	rm -fr outdir &&
 	git format-patch -2 -o outdir &&
 	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
+		--dry-run \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
 	grep "^Subject: " out >subjects &&
 	test "z$(sed -n -e 1p subjects)" = "zSubject: [PATCH 1/2] Second." &&
 	test "z$(sed -n -e 2p subjects)" = "zSubject: [PATCH 2/2] add master"
@@ -868,7 +1052,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'in-reply-to but no threading' '
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--in-reply-to="<in-reply-id@example.com>" \
-		--nothread \
+		--no-thread \
 		$patches |
 	grep "In-Reply-To: <in-reply-id@example.com>"
 '
@@ -878,7 +1062,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no in-reply-to and no threading' '
 		--dry-run \
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
-		--nothread \
+		--no-thread \
 		$patches $patches >stdout &&
 	! grep "In-Reply-To: " stdout
 '
@@ -889,60 +1073,11 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'threading but no chain-reply-to' '
 		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
 		--to=nobody@example.com \
 		--thread \
-		--nochain-reply-to \
+		--no-chain-reply-to \
 		$patches $patches >stdout &&
 	grep "In-Reply-To: " stdout
 '
 
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'warning with an implicit --chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with an explicit --chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	--chain-reply-to \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with an explicit --no-chain-reply-to' '
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	--nochain-reply-to \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with sendemail.chainreplyto = false' '
-	git config sendemail.chainreplyto false &&
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
-test_expect_success $PREREQ 'no warning with sendemail.chainreplyto = true' '
-	git config sendemail.chainreplyto true &&
-	git send-email \
-	--dry-run \
-	--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	--to=nobody@example.com \
-	outdir/000?-*.patch 2>errors >out &&
-	! grep "no-chain-reply-to" errors
-'
-
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.to works' '
 	git config --replace-all sendemail.to "Somebody <somebody@ex.com>" &&
 	git send-email \
@@ -1049,7 +1184,7 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'To headers from files reset each patch' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >email-using-8bit <<EOF
+cat >email-using-8bit <<\EOF
 From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
 From: author@example.com
@@ -1061,11 +1196,26 @@ EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >content-type-decl <<EOF
-MIME-Version: 1.0
-Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
-Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
-EOF
+	echo "Subject: subject goes here" >expected
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'ASCII subject is not RFC2047 quoted' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	echo bogus |
+	git send-email --from=author@example.com --to=nobody@example.com \
+			--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+			--8bit-encoding=UTF-8 \
+			email-using-8bit >stdout &&
+	grep "Subject" msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >content-type-decl <<-\EOF
+	MIME-Version: 1.0
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+	Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'asks about and fixes 8bit encodings' '
@@ -1105,21 +1255,21 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--8bit-encoding overrides sendemail.8bitEncoding' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >email-using-8bit <<EOF
-From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
-Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
-From: author@example.com
-Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2010 15:53:58 +0200
-Subject: Dieser Betreff enthält auch einen Umlaut!
+	cat >email-using-8bit <<-\EOF
+	From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+	Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
+	From: author@example.com
+	Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2010 15:53:58 +0200
+	Subject: Dieser Betreff enthält auch einen Umlaut!
 
-Nothing to see here.
-EOF
+	Nothing to see here.
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
-cat >expected <<EOF
-Subject: =?UTF-8?q?Dieser=20Betreff=20enth=C3=A4lt=20auch=20einen=20Umlaut!?=
-EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	Subject: =?UTF-8?q?Dieser=20Betreff=20enth=C3=A4lt=20auch=20einen=20Umlaut!?=
+	EOF
 '
 
 test_expect_success $PREREQ '--8bit-encoding also treats subject' '
@@ -1133,6 +1283,163 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--8bit-encoding also treats subject' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >email-using-8bit <<-\EOF
+	From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+	Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2010 15:53:58 +0200
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+	Subject: Nothing to see here.
+
+	Dieser Betreff enthält auch einen Umlaut!
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.transferencoding=7bit fails on 8bit data' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.transferEncoding 7bit &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=7bit \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-8bit \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "cannot send message as 7bit" errors &&
+	test -z "$(ls msgtxt*)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--transfer-encoding overrides sendemail.transferEncoding' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git config sendemail.transferEncoding 8bit &&
+	test_must_fail git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=7bit \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-8bit \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "cannot send message as 7bit" errors &&
+	test -z "$(ls msgtxt*)"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.transferencoding=8bit' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=8bit \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-8bit \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' email-using-8bit >expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	Dieser Betreff enth=C3=A4lt auch einen Umlaut!
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '8-bit and sendemail.transferencoding=quoted-printable' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=quoted-printable \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-8bit \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	RGllc2VyIEJldHJlZmYgZW50aMOkbHQgYXVjaCBlaW5lbiBVbWxhdXQhCg==
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '8-bit and sendemail.transferencoding=base64' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=base64 \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-8bit \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >email-using-qp <<-\EOF
+	From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+	Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
+	From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+	Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2010 15:53:58 +0200
+	MIME-Version: 1.0
+	Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
+	Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+	Subject: Nothing to see here.
+
+	Dieser Betreff enth=C3=A4lt auch einen Umlaut!
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'convert from quoted-printable to base64' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=base64 \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-qp \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' "
+tr -d '\\015' | tr '%' '\\015' >email-using-crlf <<EOF
+From fe6ecc66ece37198fe5db91fa2fc41d9f4fe5cc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+Message-Id: <bogus-message-id@example.com>
+From: A U Thor <author@example.com>
+Date: Sat, 12 Jun 2010 15:53:58 +0200
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
+Subject: Nothing to see here.
+
+Look, I have a CRLF and an = sign!%
+EOF
+"
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	Look, I have a CRLF and an =3D sign!=0D
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'CRLF and sendemail.transferencoding=quoted-printable' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=quoted-printable \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-crlf \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'setup expect' '
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	TG9vaywgSSBoYXZlIGEgQ1JMRiBhbmQgYW4gPSBzaWduIQ0K
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'CRLF and sendemail.transferencoding=base64' '
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	git send-email \
+		--transfer-encoding=base64 \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		email-using-crlf \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	sed '1,/^$/d' msgtxt1 >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+
 # Note that the patches in this test are deliberately out of order; we
 # want to make sure it works even if the cover-letter is not in the
 # first mail.
@@ -1141,13 +1448,13 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'refusing to send cover letter template' '
 	rm -fr outdir &&
 	git format-patch --cover-letter -2 -o outdir &&
 	test_must_fail git send-email \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=nobody@example.com \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  outdir/0002-*.patch \
-	  outdir/0000-*.patch \
-	  outdir/0001-*.patch \
-	  2>errors >out &&
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0002-*.patch \
+		outdir/0000-*.patch \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
 	grep "SUBJECT HERE" errors &&
 	test -z "$(ls msgtxt*)"
 '
@@ -1157,29 +1464,74 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ '--force sends cover letter template anyway' '
 	rm -fr outdir &&
 	git format-patch --cover-letter -2 -o outdir &&
 	git send-email \
-	  --force \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=nobody@example.com \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  outdir/0002-*.patch \
-	  outdir/0000-*.patch \
-	  outdir/0001-*.patch \
-	  2>errors >out &&
+		--force \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=nobody@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0002-*.patch \
+		outdir/0000-*.patch \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
 	! grep "SUBJECT HERE" errors &&
 	test -n "$(ls msgtxt*)"
 '
 
+test_cover_addresses () {
+	header="$1"
+	shift
+	clean_fake_sendmail &&
+	rm -fr outdir &&
+	git format-patch --cover-letter -2 -o outdir &&
+	cover=`echo outdir/0000-*.patch` &&
+	mv $cover cover-to-edit.patch &&
+	perl -pe "s/^From:/$header: extra\@address.com\nFrom:/" cover-to-edit.patch >"$cover" &&
+	git send-email \
+		--force \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--no-to --no-cc \
+		"$@" \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0000-*.patch \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		outdir/0002-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	grep "^$header: extra@address.com" msgtxt1 >to1 &&
+	grep "^$header: extra@address.com" msgtxt2 >to2 &&
+	grep "^$header: extra@address.com" msgtxt3 >to3 &&
+	test_line_count = 1 to1 &&
+	test_line_count = 1 to2 &&
+	test_line_count = 1 to3
+}
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'to-cover adds To to all mail' '
+	test_cover_addresses "To" --to-cover
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'cc-cover adds Cc to all mail' '
+	test_cover_addresses "Cc" --cc-cover
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'tocover adds To to all mail' '
+	test_config sendemail.tocover true &&
+	test_cover_addresses "To"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ 'cccover adds Cc to all mail' '
+	test_config sendemail.cccover true &&
+	test_cover_addresses "Cc"
+'
+
 test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.aliasfiletype=mailrc' '
 	clean_fake_sendmail &&
 	echo "alias sbd  somebody@example.org" >.mailrc &&
 	git config --replace-all sendemail.aliasesfile "$(pwd)/.mailrc" &&
 	git config sendemail.aliasfiletype mailrc &&
 	git send-email \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=sbd \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  outdir/0001-*.patch \
-	  2>errors >out &&
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=sbd \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
 	grep "^!somebody@example\.org!$" commandline1
 '
 
@@ -1189,12 +1541,45 @@ test_expect_success $PREREQ 'sendemail.aliasfile=~/.mailrc' '
 	git config --replace-all sendemail.aliasesfile "~/.mailrc" &&
 	git config sendemail.aliasfiletype mailrc &&
 	git send-email \
-	  --from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
-	  --to=sbd \
-	  --smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
-	  outdir/0001-*.patch \
-	  2>errors >out &&
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=sbd \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		outdir/0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
 	grep "^!someone@example\.org!$" commandline1
 '
 
+do_xmailer_test () {
+	expected=$1 params=$2 &&
+	git format-patch -1 &&
+	git send-email \
+		--from="Example <nobody@example.com>" \
+		--to=someone@example.com \
+		--smtp-server="$(pwd)/fake.sendmail" \
+		$params \
+		0001-*.patch \
+		2>errors >out &&
+	{ grep '^X-Mailer:' out || :; } >mailer &&
+	test_line_count = $expected mailer
+}
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--[no-]xmailer without any configuration' '
+	do_xmailer_test 1 "--xmailer" &&
+	do_xmailer_test 0 "--no-xmailer"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--[no-]xmailer with sendemail.xmailer=true' '
+	test_config sendemail.xmailer true &&
+	do_xmailer_test 1 "" &&
+	do_xmailer_test 0 "--no-xmailer" &&
+	do_xmailer_test 1 "--xmailer"
+'
+
+test_expect_success $PREREQ '--[no-]xmailer with sendemail.xmailer=false' '
+	test_config sendemail.xmailer false &&
+	do_xmailer_test 0 "" &&
+	do_xmailer_test 0 "--no-xmailer" &&
+	do_xmailer_test 1 "--xmailer"
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9002-column.sh b/t/t9002-column.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..89983527b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9002-column.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git column'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup' '
+	cat >lista <<\EOF
+one
+two
+three
+four
+five
+six
+seven
+eight
+nine
+ten
+eleven
+EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'never' '
+	git column --indent=Z --mode=never <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp lista actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'always' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+Zone
+Ztwo
+Zthree
+Zfour
+Zfive
+Zsix
+Zseven
+Zeight
+Znine
+Zten
+Zeleven
+EOF
+	git column --indent=Z --mode=plain <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '80 columns' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one    two    three  four   five   six    seven  eight  nine   ten    eleven
+EOF
+	COLUMNS=80 git column --mode=column <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat >expected <<\EOF
+one
+two
+three
+four
+five
+six
+seven
+eight
+nine
+ten
+eleven
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success COLUMNS_CAN_BE_1 'COLUMNS = 1' '
+	COLUMNS=1 git column --mode=column <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'width = 1' '
+	git column --mode=column --width=1 <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+COLUMNS=20
+export COLUMNS
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one    seven
+two    eight
+three  nine
+four   ten
+five   eleven
+six
+EOF
+	git column --mode=column <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, nodense' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one    seven
+two    eight
+three  nine
+four   ten
+five   eleven
+six
+EOF
+	git column --mode=column,nodense < lista > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, dense' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one   five  nine
+two   six   ten
+three seven eleven
+four  eight
+EOF
+	git column --mode=column,dense < lista > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, padding 2' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one     seven
+two     eight
+three   nine
+four    ten
+five    eleven
+six
+EOF
+	git column --mode=column --padding 2 <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, indented' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+  one    seven
+  two    eight
+  three  nine
+  four   ten
+  five   eleven
+  six
+EOF
+	git column --mode=column --indent="  " <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, row first' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one    two
+three  four
+five   six
+seven  eight
+nine   ten
+eleven
+EOF
+	git column --mode=row <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, row first, nodense' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one    two
+three  four
+five   six
+seven  eight
+nine   ten
+eleven
+EOF
+	git column --mode=row,nodense <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success '20 columns, row first, dense' '
+	cat >expected <<\EOF &&
+one   two    three
+four  five   six
+seven eight  nine
+ten   eleven
+EOF
+	git column --mode=row,dense <lista >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
index b7eed2489f..6dafe7e99a 100755
--- a/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
+++ b/t/t9010-svn-fe.sh
@@ -54,14 +54,6 @@ text_no_props () {
 
 >empty
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: have pipes?' '
-	rm -f frob &&
-	if mkfifo frob
-	then
-		test_set_prereq PIPE
-	fi
-'
-
 test_expect_success PIPE 'empty dump' '
 	reinit_git &&
 	echo "SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 2" >input &&
diff --git a/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh b/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4d81ba1c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9020-remote-svn.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='tests remote-svn'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+MARKSPATH=.git/info/fast-import/remote-svn
+
+if ! test_have_prereq PYTHON
+then
+	skip_all='skipping remote-svn tests, python not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+
+# Override svnrdump with our simulator
+PATH="$HOME:$PATH"
+export PATH PYTHON_PATH GIT_BUILD_DIR
+
+write_script "$HOME/svnrdump" <<\EOF
+exec "$PYTHON_PATH" "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/svn-fe/svnrdump_sim.py" "$@"
+EOF
+
+init_git () {
+	rm -fr .git &&
+	git init &&
+	#git remote add svnsim testsvn::sim:///$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9020/example.svnrdump
+	# let's reuse an existing dump file!?
+	git remote add svnsim testsvn::sim://$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump
+	git remote add svnfile testsvn::file://$TEST_DIRECTORY/t9154/svn.dump
+}
+
+if test -e "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git-remote-testsvn"
+then
+	test_set_prereq REMOTE_SVN
+fi
+
+test_debug '
+	git --version
+	type git
+	type svnrdump
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'simple fetch' '
+	init_git &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master  &&
+	cp .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master master.good
+'
+
+test_debug '
+	cat .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master
+	cat .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'repeated fetch, nothing shall change' '
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp master.good .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'fetch from a file:// url gives the same result' '
+	git fetch svnfile
+'
+
+test_expect_failure REMOTE_SVN 'the sha1 differ because the git-svn-id line in the commit msg contains the url' '
+	test_cmp .git/refs/remotes/svnfile/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'mark-file regeneration' '
+	# filter out any other marks, that can not be regenerated. Only up to 3 digit revisions are allowed here
+	grep ":[0-9]\{1,3\} " $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks > $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks.old &&
+	rm $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks.old $MARKSPATH/svnsim.marks
+'
+
+test_expect_success REMOTE_SVN 'incremental imports must lead to the same head' '
+	SVNRMAX=3 &&
+	export SVNRMAX &&
+	init_git &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp .git/refs/svn/svnsim/master .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master  &&
+	unset SVNRMAX &&
+	git fetch svnsim &&
+	test_cmp master.good .git/refs/remotes/svnsim/master
+'
+
+test_debug 'git branch -a'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
index 749b75e8d4..4fea8d901b 100755
--- a/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t9100-git-svn-basic.sh
@@ -306,5 +306,13 @@ test_expect_success 'git-svn works in a bare repository' '
 	git svn fetch ) &&
 	rm -rf bare-repo
 	'
+test_expect_success 'git-svn works in in a repository with a gitdir: link' '
+	mkdir worktree gitdir &&
+	( cd worktree &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" &&
+	git init --separate-git-dir ../gitdir &&
+	git svn fetch ) &&
+	rm -rf worktree gitdir
+	'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh b/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
index 13b179e721..83f17e13e8 100755
--- a/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
+++ b/t/t9104-git-svn-follow-parent.sh
@@ -72,16 +72,18 @@ test_expect_success 'follow larger parent' '
         svn import -m "import a larger parent" import "$svnrepo"/larger-parent &&
         svn cp -m "hi" "$svnrepo"/larger-parent "$svnrepo"/another-larger &&
         git svn init --minimize-url -i larger \
-          "$svnrepo"/another-larger/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
+	  "$svnrepo"/larger-parent/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
         git svn fetch -i larger &&
+	git svn init --minimize-url -i larger-parent \
+	  "$svnrepo"/another-larger/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
+	git svn fetch -i larger-parent &&
         git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/larger &&
         git rev-parse --verify \
-           refs/remotes/larger-parent/trunk/thunk/bump/thud &&
+	   refs/remotes/larger-parent &&
         test "`git merge-base \
-                 refs/remotes/larger-parent/trunk/thunk/bump/thud \
+		 refs/remotes/larger-parent \
                  refs/remotes/larger`" = \
              "`git rev-parse refs/remotes/larger`"
-        true
         '
 
 test_expect_success 'follow higher-level parent' '
diff --git a/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh b/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
index 289fc313fb..6e69fc4c65 100755
--- a/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
+++ b/t/t9107-git-svn-migrate.sh
@@ -27,15 +27,17 @@ test_expect_success 'setup old-looking metadata' '
 head=`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/git-svn-HEAD^0`
 test_expect_success 'git-svn-HEAD is a real HEAD' "test -n '$head'"
 
+svnrepo_escaped=`echo $svnrepo | sed 's/ /%20/'`
+
 test_expect_success 'initialize old-style (v0) git svn layout' '
 	mkdir -p "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn/info "$GIT_DIR"/svn/info &&
 	echo "$svnrepo" > "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn/info/url &&
 	echo "$svnrepo" > "$GIT_DIR"/svn/info/url &&
 	git svn migrate &&
-	! test -d "$GIT_DIR"/git svn &&
+	! test -d "$GIT_DIR"/git-svn &&
 	git rev-parse --verify refs/${remotes_git_svn}^0 &&
 	git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/svn^0 &&
-	test "$(git config --get svn-remote.svn.url)" = "$svnrepo" &&
+	test "$(git config --get svn-remote.svn.url)" = "$svnrepo_escaped" &&
 	test `git config --get svn-remote.svn.fetch` = \
              ":refs/${remotes_git_svn}"
 	'
@@ -43,27 +45,27 @@ test_expect_success 'initialize old-style (v0) git svn layout' '
 test_expect_success 'initialize a multi-repository repo' '
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" -T trunk -t tags -b branches &&
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.svn.fetch > fetch.out &&
-	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/trunk$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/origin/trunk$" fetch.out &&
 	test -n "`git config --get svn-remote.svn.branches \
-	            "^branches/\*:refs/remotes/\*$"`" &&
+	            "^branches/\*:refs/remotes/origin/\*$"`" &&
 	test -n "`git config --get svn-remote.svn.tags \
-	            "^tags/\*:refs/remotes/tags/\*$"`" &&
+	            "^tags/\*:refs/remotes/origin/tags/\*$"`" &&
 	git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches \
-	                        "^branches/\*:refs/remotes/\*$" &&
+	                        "^branches/\*:refs/remotes/origin/\*$" &&
 	git config --unset svn-remote.svn.tags \
-	                        "^tags/\*:refs/remotes/tags/\*$" &&
-	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch "branches/a:refs/remotes/a" &&
-	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch "branches/b:refs/remotes/b" &&
+	                        "^tags/\*:refs/remotes/origin/tags/\*$" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch "branches/a:refs/remotes/origin/a" &&
+	git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch "branches/b:refs/remotes/origin/b" &&
 	for i in tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
 		git config --add svn-remote.svn.fetch \
-		                 $i:refs/remotes/$i || exit 1; done &&
+		                 $i:refs/remotes/origin/$i || exit 1; done &&
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.svn.fetch > fetch.out &&
-	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/trunk$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^branches/a:refs/remotes/a$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^branches/b:refs/remotes/b$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.1:refs/remotes/tags/0\.1$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.2:refs/remotes/tags/0\.2$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.3:refs/remotes/tags/0\.3$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/origin/trunk$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/a:refs/remotes/origin/a$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/b:refs/remotes/origin/b$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.1:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.1$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.2:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.2$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.3:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.3$" fetch.out &&
 	grep "^:refs/${remotes_git_svn}" fetch.out
 	'
 
@@ -71,14 +73,14 @@ test_expect_success 'initialize a multi-repository repo' '
 test_expect_success 'multi-fetch works on partial urls + paths' "
 	git svn multi-fetch &&
 	for i in trunk a b tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
-		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/\$i^0 >> refs.out || exit 1;
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/\$i^0 >> refs.out || exit 1;
 	    done &&
 	test -z \"\`sort < refs.out | uniq -d\`\" &&
 	for i in trunk a b tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
 	  for j in trunk a b tags/0.1 tags/0.2 tags/0.3; do
 		if test \$j != \$i; then continue; fi
-	    test -z \"\`git diff refs/remotes/\$i \
-	                         refs/remotes/\$j\`\" ||exit 1; done; done
+	    test -z \"\`git diff refs/remotes/origin/\$i \
+	                         refs/remotes/origin/\$j\`\" ||exit 1; done; done
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'migrate --minimize on old inited layout' '
@@ -96,27 +98,27 @@ test_expect_success 'migrate --minimize on old inited layout' '
 	git svn migrate --minimize &&
 	test -z "`git config -l | grep "^svn-remote\.git-svn\."`" &&
 	git config --get-all svn-remote.svn.fetch > fetch.out &&
-	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/trunk$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^branches/a:refs/remotes/a$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^branches/b:refs/remotes/b$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.1:refs/remotes/tags/0\.1$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.2:refs/remotes/tags/0\.2$" fetch.out &&
-	grep "^tags/0\.3:refs/remotes/tags/0\.3$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^trunk:refs/remotes/origin/trunk$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/a:refs/remotes/origin/a$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^branches/b:refs/remotes/origin/b$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.1:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.1$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.2:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.2$" fetch.out &&
+	grep "^tags/0\.3:refs/remotes/origin/tags/0\.3$" fetch.out &&
 	grep "^:refs/${remotes_git_svn}" fetch.out
 	'
 
 test_expect_success  ".rev_db auto-converted to .rev_map.UUID" '
 	git svn fetch -i trunk &&
-	test -z "$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_db.* 2>/dev/null)" &&
-	expect="$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_map.*)" &&
+	test -z "$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/origin/trunk/.rev_db.* 2>/dev/null)" &&
+	expect="$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/origin/trunk/.rev_map.*)" &&
 	test -n "$expect" &&
 	rev_db="$(echo $expect | sed -e "s,_map,_db,")" &&
 	convert_to_rev_db "$expect" "$rev_db" &&
 	rm -f "$expect" &&
 	test -f "$rev_db" &&
 	git svn fetch -i trunk &&
-	test -z "$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_db.* 2>/dev/null)" &&
-	test ! -e "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/trunk/.rev_db &&
+	test -z "$(ls "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/origin/trunk/.rev_db.* 2>/dev/null)" &&
+	test ! -e "$GIT_DIR"/svn/refs/remotes/origin/trunk/.rev_db &&
 	test -f "$expect"
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh b/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
index a61d6716d2..9861c719f8 100755
--- a/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
+++ b/t/t9112-git-svn-md5less-file.sh
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ test_description='test that git handles an svn repository with missing md5sums'
 # Loading a node from a svn dumpfile without a Text-Content-Length
 # field causes svn to neglect to store or report an md5sum.  (it will
 # calculate one if you had put Text-Content-Length: 0).  This showed
-# up in a repository creted with cvs2svn.
+# up in a repository created with cvs2svn.
 
 cat > dumpfile.svn <<EOF
 SVN-fs-dump-format-version: 1
diff --git a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
index 3077851015..fb41876677 100755
--- a/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
+++ b/t/t9114-git-svn-dcommit-merge.sh
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup svn repository' '
 test_expect_success 'setup git mirror and merge' '
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" -t tags -T trunk -b branches &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git checkout --track -b svn remotes/trunk &&
+	git checkout -b svn remotes/origin/trunk &&
 	git checkout -b merge &&
 	echo new file > new_file &&
 	git add new_file &&
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup git mirror and merge' '
 	echo friend > README &&
 	cat tmp >> README &&
 	git commit -a -m "friend" &&
-	git pull . merge
+	git merge merge
 	'
 
 test_debug 'gitk --all & sleep 1'
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ test_debug 'gitk --all & sleep 1'
 
 test_expect_success 'verify post-merge ancestry' "
 	test x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn\` = \
-	     x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/trunk \` &&
+	     x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/trunk \` &&
 	test x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/svn^2\` = \
 	     x\`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/merge\` &&
 	git cat-file commit refs/heads/svn^ | grep '^friend$'
diff --git a/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh b/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh
index cf4c05261b..45773ee560 100755
--- a/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh
+++ b/t/t9116-git-svn-log.sh
@@ -20,20 +20,20 @@ test_expect_success 'setup repository and import' '
 	) &&
 	git svn init "$svnrepo" -T trunk -b branches -t tags &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	echo bye >> README &&
 	git commit -a -m bye &&
 	git svn dcommit &&
-	git reset --hard a &&
+	git reset --hard origin/a &&
 	echo why >> FEEDME &&
 	git update-index --add FEEDME &&
 	git commit -m feedme &&
 	git svn dcommit &&
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	echo aye >> README &&
 	git commit -a -m aye &&
 	git svn dcommit &&
-	git reset --hard b &&
+	git reset --hard origin/b &&
 	echo spy >> README &&
 	git commit -a -m spy &&
 	echo try >> README &&
@@ -42,26 +42,26 @@ test_expect_success 'setup repository and import' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'run log' "
-	git reset --hard a &&
-	git svn log -r2 trunk | grep ^r2 &&
-	git svn log -r4 trunk | grep ^r4 &&
+	git reset --hard origin/a &&
+	git svn log -r2 origin/trunk | grep ^r2 &&
+	git svn log -r4 origin/trunk | grep ^r4 &&
 	git svn log -r3 | grep ^r3
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'run log against a from trunk' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
-	git svn log -r3 a | grep ^r3
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
+	git svn log -r3 origin/a | grep ^r3
 	"
 
 printf 'r1 \nr2 \nr4 \n' > expected-range-r1-r2-r4
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 1:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2-r4 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with --show-commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log --show-commit -r 1:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2-r4 -
 	"
 
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with --show-commit (sha1)' "
 	git svn find-rev r1 >expected-range-r1-r2-r4-sha1 &&
 	git svn find-rev r2 >>expected-range-r1-r2-r4-sha1 &&
 	git svn find-rev r4 >>expected-range-r1-r2-r4-sha1 &&
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log --show-commit -r 1:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f2 >out &&
 	git rev-parse \$(cat out) >actual &&
 	test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2-r4-sha1 actual
@@ -78,67 +78,67 @@ test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with --show-commit (sha1)' "
 printf 'r4 \nr2 \nr1 \n' > expected-range-r4-r2-r1
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 4:1 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4-r2-r1 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r1 \nr2 \n' > expected-range-r1-r2
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable revision' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 1:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r1-r2 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r2 \nr1 \n' > expected-range-r2-r1
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable revision' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 3:1 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2-r1 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r2 \n' > expected-range-r2
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable upper boundary revision and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 2:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable upper boundary revision and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 3:2 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r2 -
 	"
 
 printf 'r4 \n' > expected-range-r4
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable lower boundary revision and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 3:4 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable lower boundary revision and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 4:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
 printf -- '------------------------------------------------------------------------\n' > expected-separator
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and no commits' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 5:6 | test_cmp expected-separator -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and no commits' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 6:5 | test_cmp expected-separator -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test ascending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 3:5 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'test descending revision range with unreachable boundary revisions and 1 commit' "
-	git reset --hard trunk &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
 	git svn log -r 5:3 | grep '^r[0-9]' | cut -d'|' -f1 | test_cmp expected-range-r4 -
 	"
 
diff --git a/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh b/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
index b7ef9e2589..a66f43c6b1 100755
--- a/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
+++ b/t/t9117-git-svn-init-clone.sh
@@ -52,4 +52,71 @@ test_expect_success 'clone to target directory with --stdlayout' '
 	rm -rf target
 	'
 
+test_expect_success 'init without -s/-T/-b/-t does not warn' '
+	test ! -d trunk &&
+	git svn init "$svnrepo"/project/trunk trunk 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	rm -rf trunk &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone without -s/-T/-b/-t does not warn' '
+	test ! -d trunk &&
+	git svn clone "$svnrepo"/project/trunk 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	rm -rf trunk &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_svn_configured_prefix () {
+	prefix=$1 &&
+	cat >expect <<EOF &&
+project/trunk:refs/remotes/${prefix}trunk
+project/branches/*:refs/remotes/${prefix}*
+project/tags/*:refs/remotes/${prefix}tags/*
+EOF
+	test ! -f actual &&
+	git --git-dir=project/.git config svn-remote.svn.fetch >>actual &&
+	git --git-dir=project/.git config svn-remote.svn.branches >>actual &&
+	git --git-dir=project/.git config svn-remote.svn.tags >>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	rm -f expect actual
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'init with -s/-T/-b/-t assumes --prefix=origin/' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo"/project project 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "origin/" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with -s/-T/-b/-t assumes --prefix=origin/' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo"/project 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "origin/" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'init with -s/-T/-b/-t and --prefix "" still works' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo"/project project --prefix "" 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone with -s/-T/-b/-t and --prefix "" still works' '
+	test ! -d project &&
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo"/project --prefix "" 2>warning &&
+	test_must_fail grep -q prefix warning &&
+	test_svn_configured_prefix "" &&
+	rm -rf project &&
+	rm -f warning
+	'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh b/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
index 63fc982c8c..ed4d1369cc 100755
--- a/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
+++ b/t/t9118-git-svn-funky-branch-names.sh
@@ -28,28 +28,33 @@ test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
 	svn_cmd cp -m "trailing .lock" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
 			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/trailing_dotlock.lock" &&
 	svn_cmd cp -m "reflog" "$svnrepo/pr ject/trunk" \
-			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/not-a%40{0}reflog" &&
+			"$svnrepo/pr ject/branches/not-a@{0}reflog@" &&
 	start_httpd
 	'
 
+# SVN 1.7 will truncate "not-a%40{0]" to just "not-a".
+# Look at what SVN wound up naming the branch and use that.
+# Be sure to escape the @ if it shows up.
+non_reflog=`svn_cmd ls "$svnrepo/pr ject/branches" | grep not-a | sed 's/\///' | sed 's/@/%40/'`
+
 test_expect_success 'test clone with funky branch names' '
 	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo/pr ject" project &&
 	(
 		cd project &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/fun%20plugin" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/more%20fun%20plugin!" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/$scary_ref" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/%2Eleading_dot" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/trailing_dot%2E" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/trailing_dotlock%2Elock" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/not-a%40{0}reflog"
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/fun%20plugin" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/more%20fun%20plugin!" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/$scary_ref" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/%2Eleading_dot" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/trailing_dot%2E" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/trailing_dotlock%2Elock" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/$non_reflog"
 	)
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'test dcommit to funky branch' "
 	(
 		cd project &&
-		git reset --hard 'refs/remotes/more%20fun%20plugin!' &&
+		git reset --hard 'refs/remotes/origin/more%20fun%20plugin!' &&
 		echo hello >> foo &&
 		git commit -m 'hello' -- foo &&
 		git svn dcommit
@@ -59,7 +64,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test dcommit to funky branch' "
 test_expect_success 'test dcommit to scary branch' '
 	(
 		cd project &&
-		git reset --hard "refs/remotes/$scary_ref" &&
+		git reset --hard "refs/remotes/origin/$scary_ref" &&
 		echo urls are scary >> foo &&
 		git commit -m "eep" -- foo &&
 		git svn dcommit
@@ -69,7 +74,7 @@ test_expect_success 'test dcommit to scary branch' '
 test_expect_success 'test dcommit to trailing_dotlock branch' '
 	(
 		cd project &&
-		git reset --hard "refs/remotes/trailing_dotlock%2Elock" &&
+		git reset --hard "refs/remotes/origin/trailing_dotlock%2Elock" &&
 		echo who names branches like this anyway? >> foo &&
 		git commit -m "bar" -- foo &&
 		git svn dcommit
diff --git a/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh b/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
index ff19695e77..f16f3234a1 100755
--- a/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
+++ b/t/t9119-git-svn-info.sh
@@ -74,6 +74,36 @@ test_expect_success 'info .' "
 	test_cmp_info expected.info-dot actual.info-dot
 	"
 
+test_expect_success 'info $(pwd)' '
+	(cd svnwc; svn info "$(pwd)") >expected.info-pwd &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info "$(pwd)") >actual.info-pwd &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <expected.info-pwd >expected.info-np &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <actual.info-pwd >actual.info-np &&
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-np actual.info-np &&
+	test "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/svnwc!!\" <expected.info-pwd)" = \
+	     "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/gitwc!!\" <actual.info-pwd)"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info $(pwd)/../___wc' '
+	(cd svnwc; svn info "$(pwd)/../svnwc") >expected.info-pwd &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info "$(pwd)/../gitwc") >actual.info-pwd &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <expected.info-pwd >expected.info-np &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <actual.info-pwd >actual.info-np &&
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-np actual.info-np &&
+	test "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/svnwc!!\" <expected.info-pwd)" = \
+	     "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/gitwc!!\" <actual.info-pwd)"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'info $(pwd)/../___wc//file' '
+	(cd svnwc; svn info "$(pwd)/../svnwc//file") >expected.info-pwd &&
+	(cd gitwc; git svn info "$(pwd)/../gitwc//file") >actual.info-pwd &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <expected.info-pwd >expected.info-np &&
+	grep -v ^Path: <actual.info-pwd >actual.info-np &&
+	test_cmp_info expected.info-np actual.info-np &&
+	test "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/svnwc!!\" <expected.info-pwd)" = \
+	     "$(sed -ne \"/^Path:/ s!/gitwc!!\" <actual.info-pwd)"
+	'
+
 test_expect_success 'info --url .' '
 	test "$(cd gitwc; git svn info --url .)" = "$quoted_svnrepo"
 	'
diff --git a/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh b/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh
index 1d92c05035..1c84ce1023 100755
--- a/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh
+++ b/t/t9120-git-svn-clone-with-percent-escapes.sh
@@ -58,19 +58,19 @@ test_expect_success 'test clone --stdlayout with percent escapes' '
 	git svn clone --stdlayout "$svnrepo/pr%20ject" percent &&
 	(
 		cd percent &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk^0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/b^0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v1^0
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/trunk^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/b^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v1^0
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'test clone -s with unescaped space' '
-	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo/pr ject" space &&
+	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo/pr ject" --prefix origin/ space &&
 	(
 		cd space &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/trunk^0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/b^0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v1^0
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/trunk^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/b^0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v1^0
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh b/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh
index 096abd1fe5..0d53fc9014 100755
--- a/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh
+++ b/t/t9125-git-svn-multi-glob-branch-names.sh
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ test_expect_success 'test clone with multi-glob in branch names' '
 	git svn clone -T trunk -b branches/*/* -t tags \
 	              "$svnrepo/project" project &&
 	(cd project &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/v14.1/beta" &&
-		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/v14.1/gold"
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/v14.1/beta" &&
+		git rev-parse "refs/remotes/origin/v14.1/gold"
 	)
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'test dcommit to multi-globbed branch' "
 	(cd project &&
-	git reset --hard 'refs/remotes/v14.1/gold' &&
+	git reset --hard 'refs/remotes/origin/v14.1/gold' &&
 	echo hello >> foo &&
 	git commit -m 'hello' -- foo &&
 	git svn dcommit
diff --git a/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh b/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh
index 4b034a67f3..4e95f791db 100755
--- a/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t9128-git-svn-cmd-branch.sh
@@ -29,30 +29,30 @@ test_expect_success 'initialize svnrepo' '
 test_expect_success 'import into git' '
 	git svn init --stdlayout "$svnrepo" &&
 	git svn fetch &&
-	git checkout remotes/trunk
+	git checkout remotes/origin/trunk
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'git svn branch tests' '
 	git svn branch a &&
 	base=$(git rev-parse HEAD:) &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/a:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/a:) &&
 	git svn branch -m "created branch b blah" b &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/b:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/b:) &&
 	test_must_fail git branch -m "no branchname" &&
 	git svn branch -n c &&
-	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/c &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/origin/c &&
 	test_must_fail git svn branch a &&
 	git svn branch -t tag1 &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag1:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/tags/tag1:) &&
 	git svn branch --tag tag2 &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag2:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/tags/tag2:) &&
 	git svn tag tag3 &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag3:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/tags/tag3:) &&
 	git svn tag -m "created tag4 foo" tag4 &&
-	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag4:) &&
+	test $base = $(git rev-parse remotes/origin/tags/tag4:) &&
 	test_must_fail git svn tag -m "no tagname" &&
 	git svn tag -n tag5 &&
-	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/tags/tag5 &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse remotes/origin/tags/tag5 &&
 	test_must_fail git svn tag tag1
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh b/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
index c3443ceb25..c44de267a1 100755
--- a/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
+++ b/t/t9130-git-svn-authors-file.sh
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch fails on ee' '
 	'
 
 tmp_config_get () {
-	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --get "$1"
+	git config --file=.git/svn/.metadata --get "$1"
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'failure happened without negative side effects' '
@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ test_expect_success 'fresh clone with svn.authors-file in config' '
 		test x = x"$(git config svn.authorsfile)" &&
 		test_config="$HOME"/.gitconfig &&
 		sane_unset GIT_DIR &&
-		sane_unset GIT_CONFIG &&
 		git config --global \
 		  svn.authorsfile "$HOME"/svn-authors &&
 		test x"$HOME"/svn-authors = x"$(git config svn.authorsfile)" &&
diff --git a/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh b/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh
index 5280e5f1e4..93db45db7d 100755
--- a/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh
+++ b/t/t9135-git-svn-moved-branch-empty-file.sh
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone using git svn' 'git svn clone -s "$svnrepo" x'
 test_expect_success 'test that b1 exists and is empty' '
 	(
 		cd x &&
-		git reset --hard branch-c &&
+		git reset --hard origin/branch-c &&
 		test -f b1 &&
 		! test -s b1
 	)
diff --git a/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh b/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh
index 83cc5fc9d1..2937f4c265 100755
--- a/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh
+++ b/t/t9138-git-svn-authors-prog.sh
@@ -7,40 +7,39 @@ test_description='git svn authors prog tests'
 
 . ./lib-git-svn.sh
 
-cat > svn-authors-prog <<'EOF'
-#!/usr/bin/perl
-$_ = shift;
-if (s/-sub$//)  {
-	print "$_ <$_\@sub.example.com>\n";
-}
-else {
-	print "$_ <$_\@example.com>\n";
-}
+write_script svn-authors-prog "$PERL_PATH" <<-\EOF
+	$_ = shift;
+	if (s/-sub$//)  {
+		print "$_ <$_\@sub.example.com>\n";
+	} else {
+		print "$_ <$_\@example.com>\n";
+	}
 EOF
-chmod +x svn-authors-prog
 
-cat > svn-authors <<'EOF'
-ff = FFFFFFF FFFFFFF <fFf@other.example.com>
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'svn-authors setup' '
+	cat >svn-authors <<-\EOF
+	ff = FFFFFFF FFFFFFF <fFf@other.example.com>
+	EOF
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'setup svnrepo' '
 	for i in aa bb cc-sub dd-sub ee-foo ff
 	do
 		svn mkdir -m $i --username $i "$svnrepo"/$i
 	done
-	'
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'import authors with prog and file' '
 	git svn clone --authors-prog=./svn-authors-prog \
 	    --authors-file=svn-authors "$svnrepo" x
-	'
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'imported 6 revisions successfully' '
 	(
 		cd x
 		test "`git rev-list refs/remotes/git-svn | wc -l`" -eq 6
 	)
-	'
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'authors-prog ran correctly' '
 	(
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ test_expect_success 'authors-prog ran correctly' '
 		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn~5 | \
 		  grep "^author aa <aa@example\.com> "
 	)
-	'
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'authors-file overrode authors-prog' '
 	(
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ test_expect_success 'authors-file overrode authors-prog' '
 		git rev-list -1 --pretty=raw refs/remotes/git-svn | \
 		  grep "^author FFFFFFF FFFFFFF <fFf@other\.example\.com> "
 	)
-	'
+'
 
 git --git-dir=x/.git config --unset svn.authorsfile
 git --git-dir=x/.git config --unset svn.authorsprog
diff --git a/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh b/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh
index 3cd06718eb..8e7f7d68b7 100755
--- a/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh
+++ b/t/t9141-git-svn-multiple-branches.sh
@@ -66,18 +66,18 @@ test_expect_success 'clone multiple branch and tag paths' '
 		      -t tags_A/* --tags tags_B \
 		      "$svnrepo/project" git_project &&
 	( cd git_project &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/first &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/second &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/1 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/2 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/1.0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/2.0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/3.0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/4.0 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v5 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v6 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v7 &&
-		git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/v8
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/first &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/second &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/1 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/2 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/1.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/2.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/3.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/4.0 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v5 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v6 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v7 &&
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/v8
 	)
 '
 
@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ test_expect_success 'Multiple branch or tag paths require -d' '
 	( cd git_project &&
 		test_must_fail git svn branch -m "No new branch" Nope &&
 		test_must_fail git svn tag -m "No new tag" Tagless &&
-		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/Nope &&
-		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/tags/Tagless
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/Nope &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/tags/Tagless
 	) &&
 	( cd svn_project &&
 		svn_cmd up &&
diff --git a/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh b/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh
index 16852d26ae..6559137493 100755
--- a/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t9145-git-svn-master-branch.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git svn clone --stdlayout sets up trunk as master' '
 	git svn clone -s "$svnrepo" g &&
 	(
 		cd g &&
-		test x`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/trunk^0` = \
+		test x`git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/origin/trunk^0` = \
 		     x`git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master^0`
 	)
 '
diff --git a/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh b/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a90ff58629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9147-git-svn-include-paths.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Paul Walmsley - based on t9134 by Vitaly Shukela
+#
+
+test_description='git svn property tests'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup test repository' '
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" s &&
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		mkdir qqq www xxx &&
+		echo test_qqq > qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		echo test_www > www/test_www.txt &&
+		echo test_xxx > xxx/test_xxx.txt &&
+		svn_cmd add qqq &&
+		svn_cmd add www &&
+		svn_cmd add xxx &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "create some files" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		echo hi >> www/test_www.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "modify www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone an SVN repository with filter to include qqq directory' '
+	git svn clone --include-paths="qqq" "$svnrepo" g &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in g/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'init+fetch an SVN repository with included qqq directory' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo" c &&
+	( cd c && git svn fetch --include-paths="qqq" ) &&
+	rm expect2 &&
+	echo test_qqq > expect &&
+	for i in c/*/*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+	test_cmp expect expect2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify include-paths config saved by clone' '
+	(
+	    cd g &&
+	    git config --get svn-remote.svn.include-paths | fgrep "qqq"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change outside of www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo b >> qqq/test_qqq.txt &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change outside of www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change outside of www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change inside of ignored www' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo zaq >> www/test_www.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change inside of www/test_www.txt"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'SVN-side change in and out of included qqq' '
+	(
+		cd s &&
+		echo cvf >> www/test_www.txt
+		echo ygg >> qqq/test_qqq.txt
+		svn_cmd commit -m "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd log -v | fgrep "SVN-side change in and out of ignored www"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (config include)' '
+	(
+		cd g &&
+		git svn rebase &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'update git svn-cloned repo again (option include)' '
+	(
+		cd c &&
+		git svn rebase --include-paths="qqq" &&
+		printf "test_qqq\nb\nygg\n" > expect &&
+		for i in */*.txt; do cat $i >> expect2; done &&
+		test_cmp expect2 expect &&
+		rm expect expect2
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9148-git-svn-propset.sh b/t/t9148-git-svn-propset.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..102639090c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9148-git-svn-propset.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2014 Alfred Perlstein
+#
+
+test_description='git svn propset tests'
+
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+foo_subdir2="subdir/subdir2/foo_subdir2"
+
+set -e
+mkdir import &&
+(set -e ; cd import
+	mkdir subdir
+	mkdir subdir/subdir2
+	touch foo 		# for 'add props top level'
+	touch subdir/foo_subdir # for 'add props relative'
+	touch "$foo_subdir2"	# for 'add props subdir'
+	svn_cmd import -m 'import for git svn' . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null
+)
+rm -rf import
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize git svn' '
+	git svn init "$svnrepo"
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch revisions from svn' '
+	git svn fetch
+	'
+
+set_props () {
+	subdir="$1"
+	file="$2"
+	shift;shift;
+	(cd "$subdir" &&
+		while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do
+			git svn propset "$1" "$2" "$file" || exit 1
+			shift;shift;
+		done &&
+		echo hello >> "$file" &&
+		git commit -m "testing propset" "$file")
+}
+
+confirm_props () {
+	subdir="$1"
+	file="$2"
+	shift;shift;
+	(set -e ; cd "svn_project/$subdir" &&
+		while [ $# -gt 0 ] ; do
+			test "$(svn_cmd propget "$1" "$file")" = "$2" || exit 1
+			shift;shift;
+		done)
+}
+
+
+#The current implementation has a restriction:
+#svn propset will be taken as a delta for svn dcommit only
+#if the file content is also modified
+test_expect_success 'add props top level' '
+	set_props "." "foo" "svn:keywords" "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" svn_project &&
+	confirm_props "." "foo" "svn:keywords" "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	rm -rf svn_project
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'add multiple props' '
+	set_props "." "foo" \
+		"svn:keywords" "FreeBSD=%H" fbsd:nokeywords yes &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" svn_project &&
+	confirm_props "." "foo" \
+		"svn:keywords" "FreeBSD=%H" fbsd:nokeywords yes &&
+	rm -rf svn_project
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'add props subdir' '
+	set_props "." "$foo_subdir2" svn:keywords "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" svn_project &&
+	confirm_props "." "$foo_subdir2" "svn:keywords" "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	rm -rf svn_project
+	'
+
+test_expect_success 'add props relative' '
+	set_props "subdir/subdir2" "../foo_subdir" \
+		svn:keywords "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	git svn dcommit &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo" svn_project &&
+	confirm_props "subdir/subdir2" "../foo_subdir" \
+		svn:keywords "FreeBSD=%H" &&
+	rm -rf svn_project
+	'
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9150/make-svk-dump b/t/t9150/make-svk-dump
index 2242f14ebe..2242f14ebe 100644..100755
--- a/t/t9150/make-svk-dump
+++ b/t/t9150/make-svk-dump
diff --git a/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump b/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump
index e1e138cb1a..e1e138cb1a 100644..100755
--- a/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump
+++ b/t/t9151/make-svnmerge-dump
diff --git a/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh b/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
index a6a56a6cb9..a0150f057d 100755
--- a/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
+++ b/t/t9154-git-svn-fancy-glob.sh
@@ -21,8 +21,17 @@ test_expect_success 'add red branch' "
 	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/blue
 	"
 
+test_expect_success 'add gre branch' "
+	git config --file=.git/svn/.metadata --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
+	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/{red,gre}:refs/remotes/*' &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git rev-parse refs/remotes/red &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/green &&
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/blue
+	"
+
 test_expect_success 'add green branch' "
-	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
+	git config --file=.git/svn/.metadata --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
 	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/{red,green}:refs/remotes/*' &&
 	git svn fetch &&
 	git rev-parse refs/remotes/red &&
@@ -31,7 +40,7 @@ test_expect_success 'add green branch' "
 	"
 
 test_expect_success 'add all branches' "
-	GIT_CONFIG=.git/svn/.metadata git config --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
+	git config --file=.git/svn/.metadata --unset svn-remote.svn.branches-maxRev &&
 	git config svn-remote.svn.branches 'branches/*:refs/remotes/*' &&
 	git svn fetch &&
 	git rev-parse refs/remotes/red &&
diff --git a/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh b/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh
index a486a98f84..184336f346 100755
--- a/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t9155-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag.sh
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch deleted tags from same revision with checksum error'
 	cd git_project &&
 	git svn fetch &&
 
-	git diff --exit-code mybranch:trunk/subdir/file tags/mytag:file &&
-	git diff --exit-code master:subdir/file tags/mytag^:file
+	git diff --exit-code origin/mybranch:trunk/subdir/file origin/tags/mytag:file &&
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir/file origin/tags/mytag^:file
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh b/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh
index 5ce7e2f3b0..7a6e33ba3c 100755
--- a/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh
+++ b/t/t9156-git-svn-fetch-deleted-tag-2.sh
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ test_expect_success 'fetch deleted tags from same revision with no checksum erro
 	cd git_project &&
 	git svn fetch &&
 
-	git diff --exit-code master:subdir3/file tags/mytag:file &&
-	git diff --exit-code master:subdir2/file tags/mytag^:file &&
-	git diff --exit-code master:subdir1/file tags/mytag^^:file
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir3/file origin/tags/mytag:file &&
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir2/file origin/tags/mytag^:file &&
+	git diff --exit-code master:subdir1/file origin/tags/mytag^^:file
 '
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh b/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh
index 8c9539e1b4..13f78f2682 100755
--- a/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh
+++ b/t/t9158-git-svn-mergeinfo.sh
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ test_expect_success 'change svn:mergeinfo' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify svn:mergeinfo' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/trunk)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/trunk) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/foo:1-10"
 '
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ test_expect_success 'change svn:mergeinfo multiline' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'verify svn:mergeinfo multiline' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/trunk)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/trunk) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/bar:1-10
 /branches/other:3-5,8,10-11"
 '
diff --git a/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh b/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
index 6ef0c0bde3..f113acaa6c 100755
--- a/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
+++ b/t/t9161-git-svn-mergeinfo-push.sh
@@ -18,34 +18,34 @@ test_expect_success 'load svn dump' "
 
 test_expect_success 'propagate merge information' '
 	git config svn.pushmergeinfo yes &&
-	git checkout svnb1 &&
-	git merge --no-ff svnb2 &&
+	git checkout origin/svnb1 &&
+	git merge --no-ff origin/svnb2 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'check svn:mergeinfo' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb2:3,8"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge another branch' '
-	git merge --no-ff svnb3 &&
+	git merge --no-ff origin/svnb3 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'check primary parent mergeinfo respected' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb2:3,8
 /branches/svnb3:4,9"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'merge existing merge' '
-	git merge --no-ff svnb4 &&
+	git merge --no-ff origin/svnb4 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
 test_expect_success "check both parents' mergeinfo respected" '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb2:3,8
 /branches/svnb3:4,9
 /branches/svnb4:5-6,10-12
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ test_expect_success "check both parents' mergeinfo respected" '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'make further commits to branch' '
-	git checkout svnb2 &&
+	git checkout origin/svnb2 &&
 	touch newb2file &&
 	git add newb2file &&
 	git commit -m "later b2 commit" &&
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ test_expect_success 'make further commits to branch' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'second forward merge' '
-	git checkout svnb1 &&
-	git merge --no-ff svnb2 &&
+	git checkout origin/svnb1 &&
+	git merge --no-ff origin/svnb2 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'check new mergeinfo added' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb1) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb2:3,8,16-17
 /branches/svnb3:4,9
 /branches/svnb4:5-6,10-12
@@ -78,26 +78,25 @@ test_expect_success 'check new mergeinfo added' '
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'reintegration merge' '
-	git checkout svnb4 &&
-	git merge --no-ff svnb1 &&
+	git checkout origin/svnb4 &&
+	git merge --no-ff origin/svnb1 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'check reintegration mergeinfo' '
-	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb4)
+	mergeinfo=$(svn_cmd propget svn:mergeinfo "$svnrepo"/branches/svnb4) &&
 	test "$mergeinfo" = "/branches/svnb1:2-4,7-9,13-18
 /branches/svnb2:3,8,16-17
 /branches/svnb3:4,9
-/branches/svnb4:5-6,10-12
 /branches/svnb5:6,11"
 	'
 
 test_expect_success 'dcommit a merge at the top of a stack' '
-	git checkout svnb1 &&
+	git checkout origin/svnb1 &&
 	touch anotherfile &&
 	git add anotherfile &&
 	git commit -m "a commit" &&
-	git merge svnb4 &&
+	git merge origin/svnb4 &&
 	git svn dcommit
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t9163-git-svn-reset-clears-caches.sh b/t/t9163-git-svn-reset-clears-caches.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d6245cee08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9163-git-svn-reset-clears-caches.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Peter Baumann
+#
+
+test_description='git svn reset clears memoized caches'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+svn_ver="$(svn --version --quiet)"
+case $svn_ver in
+0.* | 1.[0-4].*)
+	skip_all="skipping git-svn test - SVN too old ($svn_ver)"
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+# ... a  -  b - m   <- trunk
+#      \       /
+#       ... c       <- branch1
+#
+# SVN Commits not interesting for this test are abbreviated with "..."
+#
+test_expect_success 'initialize source svn repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m "create trunk" "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m "create branches" "$svnrepo/branches" &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	(
+		cd "$SVN_TREE" &&
+		touch foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "a" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		touch bar &&
+		svn_cmd add bar &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m b &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		touch baz &&
+		svn_cmd add baz &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m c &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		svn_cmd merge "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "m"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf "$SVN_TREE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'fetch to merge-base (a)' '
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch --revision BASE:3
+'
+
+# git svn rebase looses the merge commit
+#
+# ... a  -  b - m  <- trunk
+#      \
+#       ... c
+#
+test_expect_success 'rebase looses SVN merge (m)' '
+	git svn rebase &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	test 1 = $(git cat-file -p master|grep parent|wc -l)
+'
+
+# git svn fetch creates correct history with merge commit
+#
+# ... a  -  b - m  <- trunk
+#      \       /
+#       ... c      <- branch1
+#
+test_expect_success 'reset and fetch gets the SVN merge (m) correctly' '
+	git svn reset -r 3 &&
+	git reset --hard origin/trunk &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	test 2 = $(git cat-file -p origin/trunk|grep parent|wc -l)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9164-git-svn-dcommit-concurrent.sh b/t/t9164-git-svn-dcommit-concurrent.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d8464d4218
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9164-git-svn-dcommit-concurrent.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Robert Luberda
+#
+
+test_description='concurrent git svn dcommit'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+
+
+test_expect_success 'setup svn repository' '
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo" work.svn &&
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		echo >file && echo > auto_updated_file
+		svn_cmd add file auto_updated_file &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "initial commit"
+	) &&
+	svn_cmd checkout "$svnrepo" work-auto-commits.svn
+'
+N=0
+next_N()
+{
+	N=$(( $N + 1 ))
+}
+
+# Setup SVN repository hooks to emulate SVN failures or concurrent commits
+# The function adds
+# either pre-commit  hook, which causes SVN commit given in second argument
+#                    to fail
+# or     post-commit hook, which creates a new commit (a new line added to
+#                    auto_updated_file) after given SVN commit
+# The first argument contains a type of the hook
+# The second argument contains a number (not SVN revision) of commit
+# the hook should be applied for (each time the hook is run, the given
+# number is decreased by one until it gets 0, in which case the hook
+# will execute its real action)
+setup_hook()
+{
+	hook_type="$1"  # "pre-commit" or "post-commit"
+	skip_revs="$2"
+	[ "$hook_type" = "pre-commit" ] ||
+		[ "$hook_type" = "post-commit" ] ||
+		{ echo "ERROR: invalid argument ($hook_type)" \
+			"passed to setup_hook" >&2 ; return 1; }
+	echo "cnt=$skip_revs" > "$hook_type-counter"
+	rm -f "$rawsvnrepo/hooks/"*-commit # drop previous hooks
+	hook="$rawsvnrepo/hooks/$hook_type"
+	cat > "$hook" <<- 'EOF1'
+		#!/bin/sh
+		set -e
+		cd "$1/.."  # "$1" is repository location
+		exec >> svn-hook.log 2>&1
+		hook="$(basename "$0")"
+		echo "*** Executing $hook $@"
+		set -x
+		. ./$hook-counter
+		cnt="$(($cnt - 1))"
+		echo "cnt=$cnt" > ./$hook-counter
+		[ "$cnt" = "0" ] || exit 0
+EOF1
+	if [ "$hook_type" = "pre-commit" ]; then
+		echo "echo 'commit disallowed' >&2; exit 1" >>"$hook"
+	else
+		echo "PATH=\"$PATH\"; export PATH" >>"$hook"
+		echo "svnconf=\"$svnconf\"" >>"$hook"
+		cat >>"$hook" <<- 'EOF2'
+			cd work-auto-commits.svn
+			svn up --config-dir "$svnconf"
+			echo "$$" >> auto_updated_file
+			svn commit --config-dir "$svnconf" \
+				-m "auto-committing concurrent change"
+			exit 0
+EOF2
+	fi
+	chmod 755 "$hook"
+}
+
+check_contents()
+{
+	gitdir="$1"
+	(cd ../work.svn && svn_cmd up) &&
+	test_cmp file ../work.svn/file &&
+	test_cmp auto_updated_file ../work.svn/auto_updated_file
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'check if post-commit hook creates a concurrent commit' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 1 &&
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		cp auto_updated_file au_file_saved &&
+		echo 1 >> file &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "changing file" &&
+		svn_cmd up &&
+		test_must_fail test_cmp auto_updated_file au_file_saved
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check if pre-commit hook fails' '
+	setup_hook pre-commit 2 &&
+	(
+		cd work.svn &&
+		echo 2 >> file &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "changing file once again" &&
+		echo 3 >> file &&
+		test_must_fail svn_cmd commit -m "this commit should fail" &&
+		svn_cmd revert file
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit error handling' '
+	setup_hook pre-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		echo 1 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		echo 2 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		echo 3 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should fail to dcommit 2nd and 3rd change
+		# but still should leave the repository in reasonable state
+		test_must_fail git svn dcommit &&
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		git show HEAD~2   | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD~1 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit concurrent change in non-changed file' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		echo 1 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		echo 2 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		echo 3 >> file && git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should rebase and leave the repository in reasonable state
+		git svn dcommit &&
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		check_contents &&
+		git show HEAD~3 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~2 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~1 | grep -q auto-committing &&
+		git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+# An utility function used in the following test
+delete_first_line()
+{
+	file="$1" &&
+	sed 1d < "$file" > "${file}.tmp" &&
+	rm "$file" &&
+	mv "${file}.tmp" "$file"
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit concurrent non-conflicting change' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		cat file >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should rebase and leave the repository in reasonable state
+		git svn dcommit &&
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		check_contents &&
+		git show HEAD~3 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~2 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		git show HEAD~1 | grep -q auto-committing &&
+		git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit --no-rebase concurrent non-conflicting change' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 2 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		cat file >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		delete_first_line auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		# should fail as rebase is needed
+		test_must_fail git svn dcommit --no-rebase &&
+		# but should leave HEAD unchanged
+		git update-index --refresh &&
+		! git show HEAD~2 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD~1 | grep -q git-svn-id &&
+		! git show HEAD   | grep -q git-svn-id
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'dcommit fails on concurrent conflicting change' '
+	setup_hook post-commit 1 &&
+	next_N && git svn clone "$svnrepo" work$N.git &&
+	(
+		cd work$N.git &&
+		echo a >> file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.1" &&
+		echo b >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.2" &&
+		echo c >> auto_updated_file &&
+			git commit -am "commit change $N.3" &&
+		test_must_fail git svn dcommit && # rebase should fail
+		test_must_fail git update-index --refresh
+	)
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9165-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch.sh b/t/t9165-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..fa3ef3b1f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9165-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Steven Walter
+#
+
+test_description='git svn merge detection'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+svn_ver="$(svn --version --quiet)"
+case $svn_ver in
+0.* | 1.[0-4].*)
+	skip_all="skipping git-svn test - SVN too old ($svn_ver)"
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize source svn repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/branches &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	(
+		cd "$SVN_TREE" &&
+		touch foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "initial commit" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		touch bar &&
+		svn_cmd add bar &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		touch baz &&
+		svn_cmd add baz &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		touch bar2 &&
+		svn_cmd add bar2 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m trunk &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd merge "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "merge trunk"
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		svn_cmd merge --reintegrate "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "merge branch2"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf "$SVN_TREE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone svn repo' '
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge commit' 'x=$(git rev-parse HEAD^2) &&
+	y=$(git rev-parse origin/branch2) &&
+	test "x$x" = "x$y"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9166-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch2.sh b/t/t9166-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch2.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..52f2e46a5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9166-git-svn-fetch-merge-branch-of-branch2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Steven Walter
+#
+
+test_description='git svn merge detection'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+svn_ver="$(svn --version --quiet)"
+case $svn_ver in
+0.* | 1.[0-4].*)
+	skip_all="skipping git-svn test - SVN too old ($svn_ver)"
+	test_done
+	;;
+esac
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize source svn repo' '
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+	svn_cmd mkdir -m x "$svnrepo"/branches &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk "$SVN_TREE" &&
+	(
+		cd "$SVN_TREE" &&
+		touch foo &&
+		svn_cmd add foo &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "initial commit" &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/trunk "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 &&
+		touch bar &&
+		svn_cmd add bar &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch1 &&
+		svn_cmd cp -m branch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch1 "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		touch baz &&
+		svn_cmd add baz &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd switch "$svnrepo"/trunk &&
+		svn_cmd merge --reintegrate "$svnrepo"/branches/branch2 &&
+		svn_cmd commit -m "merge branch2"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf "$SVN_TREE"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone svn repo' '
+	git svn init -s "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'verify merge commit' 'x=$(git rev-parse HEAD^2) &&
+	y=$(git rev-parse origin/branch2) &&
+	test "x$x" = "x$y"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh b/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..ba35fc06fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9167-git-svn-cmd-branch-subproject.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2013 Tobias Schulte
+#
+
+test_description='git svn branch for subproject clones'
+. ./lib-git-svn.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'initialize svnrepo' '
+	mkdir import &&
+	(
+		cd import &&
+		mkdir -p trunk/project branches tags &&
+		(
+			cd trunk/project &&
+			echo foo > foo
+		) &&
+		svn_cmd import -m "import for git-svn" . "$svnrepo" >/dev/null
+	) &&
+	rm -rf import &&
+	svn_cmd co "$svnrepo"/trunk/project trunk/project &&
+	(
+		cd trunk/project &&
+		echo bar >> foo &&
+		svn_cmd ci -m "updated trunk"
+	) &&
+	rm -rf trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'import into git' '
+	git svn init --trunk=trunk/project --branches=branches/*/project \
+		--tags=tags/*/project "$svnrepo" &&
+	git svn fetch &&
+	git checkout remotes/origin/trunk
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git svn branch tests' '
+	test_must_fail git svn branch a &&
+	git svn branch --parents a &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch -t tag1 &&
+	git svn branch --parents -t tag1 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn branch --tag tag2 &&
+	git svn branch --parents --tag tag2 &&
+	test_must_fail git svn tag tag3 &&
+	git svn tag --parents tag3
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
index b59be9a894..812c9cd462 100755
--- a/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
+++ b/t/t9200-git-cvsexportcommit.sh
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 test_description='Test export of commits to CVS'
 
 . ./test-lib.sh
-. "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/lib-prereq-FILEMODE.sh
 
 if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
 	skip_all='skipping git cvsexportcommit tests, perl not available'
@@ -19,14 +18,15 @@ then
     test_done
 fi
 
-CVSROOT=$PWD/cvsroot
+CVSROOT=$PWD/tmpcvsroot
 CVSWORK=$PWD/cvswork
 GIT_DIR=$PWD/.git
 export CVSROOT CVSWORK GIT_DIR
 
 rm -rf "$CVSROOT" "$CVSWORK"
-mkdir "$CVSROOT" &&
+
 cvs init &&
+test -d "$CVSROOT" &&
 cvs -Q co -d "$CVSWORK" . &&
 echo >empty &&
 git add empty &&
diff --git a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
index 438aaf6b14..aac126fd57 100755
--- a/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
+++ b/t/t9300-fast-import.sh
@@ -24,6 +24,13 @@ head_c () {
 	' - "$1"
 }
 
+verify_packs () {
+	for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack
+	do
+		git verify-pack "$@" "$p" || return
+	done
+}
+
 file2_data='file2
 second line of EOF'
 
@@ -42,14 +49,6 @@ echo "$@"'
 
 >empty
 
-test_expect_success 'setup: have pipes?' '
-	rm -f frob &&
-	if mkfifo frob
-	then
-		test_set_prereq PIPE
-	fi
-'
-
 ###
 ### series A
 ###
@@ -105,9 +104,10 @@ test_expect_success \
     'A: create pack from stdin' \
     'git fast-import --export-marks=marks.out <input &&
 	 git whatchanged master'
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 author $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
@@ -252,9 +252,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'A: verify marks import does not crash' \
 	'git fast-import --import-marks=marks.out <input &&
 	 git whatchanged verify--import-marks'
-test_expect_success \
-	'A: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+test_expect_success 'A: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
 cat >expect <<EOF
 :000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 A	copy-of-file2
 EOF
@@ -345,36 +347,6 @@ test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid blob sha1' '
 rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*
 
 cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit .badbranchname
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-corrupt
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/master
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid branch name ".badbranchname"' '
-    test_must_fail git fast-import <input
-'
-rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
-commit bad[branch]name
-committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
-data <<COMMIT
-corrupt
-COMMIT
-
-from refs/heads/master
-
-INPUT_END
-test_expect_success 'B: fail on invalid branch name "bad[branch]name"' '
-    test_must_fail git fast-import <input
-'
-rm -f .git/objects/pack_* .git/objects/index_*
-
-cat >input <<INPUT_END
 commit TEMP_TAG
 committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
 data <<COMMIT
@@ -514,9 +486,11 @@ test_expect_success \
     'C: incremental import create pack from stdin' \
     'git fast-import <input &&
 	 git whatchanged branch'
-test_expect_success \
-	'C: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+test_expect_success 'C: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
 test_expect_success \
 	'C: validate reuse existing blob' \
 	'test $newf = `git rev-parse --verify branch:file2/newf` &&
@@ -572,13 +546,14 @@ test_expect_success \
     'D: inline data in commit' \
     'git fast-import <input &&
 	 git whatchanged branch'
-test_expect_success \
-	'D: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+test_expect_success 'D: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
-:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 35a59026a33beac1569b1c7f66f3090ce9c09afc A	newdir/exec.sh
-:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 046d0371e9220107917db0d0e030628de8a1de9b A	newdir/interesting
+:000000 100755 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 A	newdir/exec.sh
+:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 A	newdir/interesting
 EOF
 git diff-tree -M -r branch^ branch >actual
 test_expect_success \
@@ -618,9 +593,10 @@ test_expect_success 'E: rfc2822 date, --date-format=raw' '
 test_expect_success \
     'E: rfc2822 date, --date-format=rfc2822' \
     'git fast-import --date-format=rfc2822 <input'
-test_expect_success \
-	'E: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+test_expect_success 'E: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 author $GIT_AUTHOR_NAME <$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL> 1170778938 -0500
@@ -669,9 +645,10 @@ test_expect_success \
 		fi
 	 fi
 	'
-test_expect_success \
-	'F: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+test_expect_success 'F: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 tree `git rev-parse branch~1^{tree}`
@@ -705,9 +682,11 @@ INPUT_END
 test_expect_success \
     'G: non-fast-forward update forced' \
     'git fast-import --force <input'
-test_expect_success \
-	'G: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+test_expect_success 'G: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
+
 test_expect_success \
 	'G: branch changed, but logged' \
 	'test $old_branch != `git rev-parse --verify branch^0` &&
@@ -742,9 +721,10 @@ test_expect_success \
     'H: deletall, add 1' \
     'git fast-import <input &&
 	 git whatchanged H'
-test_expect_success \
-	'H: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+test_expect_success 'H: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
 
 cat >expect <<EOF
 :100755 000000 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	file2/newf
@@ -1021,6 +1001,32 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git diff-tree -M -r M3^ M3 >actual &&
 	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
 
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/M4
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+rename root
+COMMIT
+
+from refs/heads/M2^0
+R "" sub
+
+INPUT_END
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 R100	file2/oldf	sub/file2/oldf
+:100755 100755 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 R100	file4	sub/file4
+:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc R100	i/am/new/to/you	sub/i/am/new/to/you
+:100755 100755 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 R100	newdir/exec.sh	sub/newdir/exec.sh
+:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 R100	newdir/interesting	sub/newdir/interesting
+EOF
+test_expect_success \
+	'M: rename root to subdirectory' \
+	'git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -M -r M4^ M4 >actual &&
+	 cat actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
 ###
 ### series N
 ###
@@ -1126,7 +1132,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
 
 test_expect_success PIPE 'N: read and copy directory' '
-	cat >expect <<-\EOF
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	file3/newf
 	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	file3/oldf
 	EOF
@@ -1218,6 +1224,29 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
 
 test_expect_success \
+	'N: copy root by path' \
+	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	:100755 100755 f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc f1fb5da718392694d0076d677d6d0e364c79b0bc C100	file2/newf	oldroot/file2/newf
+	:100644 100644 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 7123f7f44e39be127c5eb701e5968176ee9d78b1 C100	file2/oldf	oldroot/file2/oldf
+	:100755 100755 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 85df50785d62d3b05ab03d9cbf7e4a0b49449730 C100	file4	oldroot/file4
+	:100755 100755 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 e74b7d465e52746be2b4bae983670711e6e66657 C100	newdir/exec.sh	oldroot/newdir/exec.sh
+	:100644 100644 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 fcf778cda181eaa1cbc9e9ce3a2e15ee9f9fe791 C100	newdir/interesting	oldroot/newdir/interesting
+	EOF
+	 cat >input <<-INPUT_END &&
+	commit refs/heads/N-copy-root-path
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy root directory by (empty) path
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	C "" oldroot
+	INPUT_END
+	 git fast-import <input &&
+	 git diff-tree -C --find-copies-harder -r branch N-copy-root-path >actual &&
+	 compare_diff_raw expect actual'
+
+test_expect_success \
 	'N: delete directory by copying' \
 	'cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
 	OBJID
@@ -1307,6 +1336,45 @@ test_expect_success \
 	INPUT_END'
 
 test_expect_success \
+	'N: reject foo/ syntax in copy source' \
+	'test_must_fail git fast-import <<-INPUT_END
+	commit refs/heads/N5C
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy with invalid syntax
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	C file2/ file3
+	INPUT_END'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: reject foo/ syntax in rename source' \
+	'test_must_fail git fast-import <<-INPUT_END
+	commit refs/heads/N5D
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	rename with invalid syntax
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	R file2/ file3
+	INPUT_END'
+
+test_expect_success \
+	'N: reject foo/ syntax in ls argument' \
+	'test_must_fail git fast-import <<-INPUT_END
+	commit refs/heads/N5E
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	copy with invalid syntax
+	COMMIT
+
+	from refs/heads/branch^0
+	ls "file2/"
+	INPUT_END'
+
+test_expect_success \
 	'N: copy to root by id and modify' \
 	'echo "hello, world" >expect.foo &&
 	 echo hello >expect.bar &&
@@ -1600,7 +1668,7 @@ M 160000 :6 sub
 INPUT_END
 
 test_expect_success \
-	'P: supermodule & submodule mix' \
+	'P: superproject & submodule mix' \
 	'git fast-import <input &&
 	 git checkout subuse1 &&
 	 rm -rf sub && mkdir sub && (cd sub &&
@@ -1818,9 +1886,10 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'Q: commit notes' \
 	'git fast-import <input &&
 	 git whatchanged notes-test'
-test_expect_success \
-	'Q: verify pack' \
-	'for p in .git/objects/pack/*.pack;do git verify-pack $p||exit;done'
+
+test_expect_success 'Q: verify pack' '
+	verify_packs
+'
 
 commit1=$(git rev-parse notes-test~2)
 commit2=$(git rev-parse notes-test^)
@@ -2059,7 +2128,7 @@ test_expect_success \
     grep :1 git.marks'
 
 test_expect_success \
-    'R: export-marks options can be overriden by commandline options' \
+    'R: export-marks options can be overridden by commandline options' \
     'cat input | git fast-import --export-marks=other.marks &&
     grep :1 other.marks'
 
@@ -2159,7 +2228,7 @@ test_expect_success 'R: feature import-marks-if-exists' '
 	>expect &&
 
 	git fast-import --import-marks-if-exists=not_io.marks \
-			--export-marks=io.marks <<-\EOF
+			--export-marks=io.marks <<-\EOF &&
 	feature import-marks-if-exists=io.marks
 	EOF
 	test_cmp expect io.marks
@@ -2237,7 +2306,7 @@ test_expect_success 'R: cat-blob-fd must be a nonnegative integer' '
 	test_must_fail git fast-import --cat-blob-fd=-1 </dev/null
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: print old blob' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'R: print old blob' '
 	blob=$(echo "yes it can" | git hash-object -w --stdin) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	${blob} blob 11
@@ -2249,7 +2318,7 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: print old blob' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: in-stream cat-blob-fd not respected' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'R: in-stream cat-blob-fd not respected' '
 	echo hello >greeting &&
 	blob=$(git hash-object -w greeting) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
@@ -2270,7 +2339,7 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: in-stream cat-blob-fd not respected' '
 	test_cmp expect actual.1
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: print new blob' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'R: print new blob' '
 	blob=$(echo "yep yep yep" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	${blob} blob 12
@@ -2288,7 +2357,7 @@ test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: print new blob' '
 	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
-test_expect_success NOT_MINGW 'R: print new blob by sha1' '
+test_expect_success !MINGW 'R: print new blob by sha1' '
 	blob=$(echo "a new blob named by sha1" | git hash-object --stdin) &&
 	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
 	${blob} blob 25
@@ -2577,17 +2646,18 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'R: blob bigger than threshold' \
 	'test_create_repo R &&
 	 git --git-dir=R/.git fast-import --big-file-threshold=1 <input'
-test_expect_success \
-	'R: verify created pack' \
-	': >verify &&
-	 for p in R/.git/objects/pack/*.pack;
-	 do
-	   git verify-pack -v $p >>verify || exit;
-	 done'
+
+test_expect_success 'R: verify created pack' '
+	(
+		cd R &&
+		verify_packs -v > ../verify
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success \
 	'R: verify written objects' \
 	'git --git-dir=R/.git cat-file blob big-file:big1 >actual &&
-	 test_cmp expect actual &&
+	 test_cmp_bin expect actual &&
 	 a=$(git --git-dir=R/.git rev-parse big-file:big1) &&
 	 b=$(git --git-dir=R/.git rev-parse big-file:big2) &&
 	 test $a = $b'
@@ -2596,4 +2666,426 @@ test_expect_success \
 	'n=$(grep $a verify | wc -l) &&
 	 test 1 = $n'
 
+###
+### series S
+###
+#
+# Make sure missing spaces and EOLs after mark references
+# cause errors.
+#
+# Setup:
+#
+#   1--2--4
+#    \   /
+#     -3-
+#
+#   commit marks:  301, 302, 303, 304
+#   blob marks:              403, 404, resp.
+#   note mark:          202
+#
+# The error message when a space is missing not at the
+# end of the line is:
+#
+#   Missing space after ..
+#
+# or when extra characters come after the mark at the end
+# of the line:
+#
+#   Garbage after ..
+#
+# or when the dataref is neither "inline " or a known SHA1,
+#
+#   Invalid dataref ..
+#
+test_tick
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/S
+mark :301
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+commit 1
+COMMIT
+M 100644 inline hello.c
+data <<BLOB
+blob 1
+BLOB
+
+commit refs/heads/S
+mark :302
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+commit 2
+COMMIT
+from :301
+M 100644 inline hello.c
+data <<BLOB
+blob 2
+BLOB
+
+blob
+mark :403
+data <<BLOB
+blob 3
+BLOB
+
+blob
+mark :202
+data <<BLOB
+note 2
+BLOB
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'S: initialize for S tests' '
+	git fast-import --export-marks=marks <input
+'
+
+#
+# filemodify, three datarefs
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: filemodify with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit N
+	COMMIT
+	M 100644 :403x hello.c
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after mark" err
+'
+
+# inline is misspelled; fast-import thinks it is some unknown dataref
+test_expect_success 'S: filemodify with garbage after inline must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit N
+	COMMIT
+	M 100644 inlineX hello.c
+	data <<BLOB
+	inline
+	BLOB
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "nvalid dataref" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'S: filemodify with garbage after sha1 must fail' '
+	sha1=$(grep :403 marks | cut -d\  -f2) &&
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit N
+	COMMIT
+	M 100644 ${sha1}x hello.c
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after SHA1" err
+'
+
+#
+# notemodify, three ways to say dataref
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garabge after mark dataref must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit S note dataref markref
+	COMMIT
+	N :202x :302
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after mark" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbage after inline dataref must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit S note dataref inline
+	COMMIT
+	N inlineX :302
+	data <<BLOB
+	note blob
+	BLOB
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "nvalid dataref" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbage after sha1 dataref must fail' '
+	sha1=$(grep :202 marks | cut -d\  -f2) &&
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit S note dataref sha1
+	COMMIT
+	N ${sha1}x :302
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after SHA1" err
+'
+
+#
+# notemodify, mark in commit-ish
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: notemodify with garbage after mark commit-ish must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/Snotes
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit S note commit-ish
+	COMMIT
+	N :202 :302x
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "after mark" err
+'
+
+#
+# from
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: from with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail \
+	git fast-import --import-marks=marks --export-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S2
+	mark :303
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit 3
+	COMMIT
+	from :301x
+	M 100644 :403 hello.c
+	EOF
+
+
+	# go create the commit, need it for merge test
+	git fast-import --import-marks=marks --export-marks=marks <<-EOF &&
+	commit refs/heads/S2
+	mark :303
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	commit 3
+	COMMIT
+	from :301
+	M 100644 :403 hello.c
+	EOF
+
+	# now evaluate the error
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "after mark" err
+'
+
+
+#
+# merge
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: merge with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	commit refs/heads/S
+	mark :304
+	committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<COMMIT
+	merge 4
+	COMMIT
+	from :302
+	merge :303x
+	M 100644 :403 hello.c
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "after mark" err
+'
+
+#
+# tag, from markref
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: tag with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	tag refs/tags/Stag
+	from :302x
+	tagger $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+	data <<TAG
+	tag S
+	TAG
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "after mark" err
+'
+
+#
+# cat-blob markref
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: cat-blob with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	cat-blob :403x
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "after mark" err
+'
+
+#
+# ls markref
+#
+test_expect_success 'S: ls with garbage after mark must fail' '
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	ls :302x hello.c
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after mark" err
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'S: ls with garbage after sha1 must fail' '
+	sha1=$(grep :302 marks | cut -d\  -f2) &&
+	test_must_fail git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF 2>err &&
+	ls ${sha1}x hello.c
+	EOF
+	cat err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "space after tree-ish" err
+'
+
+###
+### series T (ls)
+###
+# Setup is carried over from series S.
+
+test_expect_success 'T: ls root tree' '
+	sed -e "s/Z\$//" >expect <<-EOF &&
+	040000 tree $(git rev-parse S^{tree})	Z
+	EOF
+	sha1=$(git rev-parse --verify S) &&
+	git fast-import --import-marks=marks <<-EOF >actual &&
+	ls $sha1 ""
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'T: delete branch' '
+	git branch to-delete &&
+	git fast-import <<-EOF &&
+	reset refs/heads/to-delete
+	from 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+	EOF
+	test_must_fail git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/to-delete
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'T: empty reset doesnt delete branch' '
+	git branch not-to-delete &&
+	git fast-import <<-EOF &&
+	reset refs/heads/not-to-delete
+	EOF
+	git show-ref &&
+	git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/not-to-delete
+'
+
+###
+### series U (filedelete)
+###
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/U
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+test setup
+COMMIT
+M 100644 inline hello.c
+data <<BLOB
+blob 1
+BLOB
+M 100644 inline good/night.txt
+data <<BLOB
+sleep well
+BLOB
+M 100644 inline good/bye.txt
+data <<BLOB
+au revoir
+BLOB
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'U: initialize for U tests' '
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/U
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+delete good/night.txt
+COMMIT
+from refs/heads/U^0
+D good/night.txt
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'U: filedelete file succeeds' '
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100644 000000 2907ebb4bf85d91bf0716bb3bd8a68ef48d6da76 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	good/night.txt
+EOF
+
+git diff-tree -M -r U^1 U >actual
+
+test_expect_success 'U: validate file delete result' '
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/U
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+delete good dir
+COMMIT
+from refs/heads/U^0
+D good
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'U: filedelete directory succeeds' '
+	git fast-import <input
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100644 000000 69cb75792f55123d8389c156b0b41c2ff00ed507 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	good/bye.txt
+EOF
+
+git diff-tree -M -r U^1 U >actual
+
+test_expect_success 'U: validate directory delete result' '
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
+cat >input <<INPUT_END
+commit refs/heads/U
+committer $GIT_COMMITTER_NAME <$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL> $GIT_COMMITTER_DATE
+data <<COMMIT
+must succeed
+COMMIT
+from refs/heads/U^0
+D ""
+
+INPUT_END
+
+test_expect_success 'U: filedelete root succeeds' '
+    git fast-import <input
+'
+
+cat >expect <<EOF
+:100644 000000 c18147dc648481eeb65dc5e66628429a64843327 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D	hello.c
+EOF
+
+git diff-tree -M -r U^1 U >actual
+
+test_expect_success 'U: validate root delete result' '
+	compare_diff_raw expect actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
index 950d0ff498..66c8b0a371 100755
--- a/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
+++ b/t/t9350-fast-export.sh
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import/export-marks' '
 	git checkout -b marks master &&
 	git fast-export --export-marks=tmp-marks HEAD &&
 	test -s tmp-marks &&
-	test $(wc -l < tmp-marks) -eq 3 &&
+	test_line_count = 3 tmp-marks &&
 	test $(
 		git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks\
 		--export-marks=tmp-marks HEAD |
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import/export-marks' '
 		grep ^commit\  |
 		wc -l) \
 	-eq 1 &&
-	test $(wc -l < tmp-marks) -eq 4
+	test_line_count = 4 tmp-marks
 
 '
 
@@ -146,6 +146,12 @@ test_expect_success 'signed-tags=strip' '
 
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'signed-tags=warn-strip' '
+	git fast-export --signed-tags=warn-strip sign-your-name >output 2>err &&
+	! grep PGP output &&
+	test -s err
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'setup submodule' '
 
 	git checkout -f master &&
@@ -303,7 +309,7 @@ test_expect_success 'dropping tag of filtered out object' '
 (
 	cd limit-by-paths &&
 	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=drop mytag -- there > output &&
-	test_cmp output expected
+	test_cmp expected output
 )
 '
 
@@ -320,7 +326,7 @@ test_expect_success 'rewriting tag of filtered out object' '
 (
 	cd limit-by-paths &&
 	git fast-export --tag-of-filtered-object=rewrite mytag -- there > output &&
-	test_cmp output expected
+	test_cmp expected output
 )
 '
 
@@ -351,7 +357,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'no exact-ref revisions included' '
 	(
 		cd limit-by-paths &&
 		git fast-export master~2..master~1 > output &&
-		test_cmp output expected
+		test_cmp expected output
 	)
 '
 
@@ -390,7 +396,7 @@ test_expect_success 'tree_tag-obj'    'git fast-export tree_tag-obj'
 test_expect_success 'tag-obj_tag'     'git fast-export tag-obj_tag'
 test_expect_success 'tag-obj_tag-obj' 'git fast-export tag-obj_tag-obj'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink'        '
+test_expect_success 'directory becomes symlink'        '
 	git init dirtosymlink &&
 	git init result &&
 	(
@@ -402,8 +408,7 @@ test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'directory becomes symlink'        '
 		git add foo/world bar/world &&
 		git commit -q -mone &&
 		git rm -r foo &&
-		ln -s bar foo &&
-		git add foo &&
+		test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 		git commit -q -mtwo
 	) &&
 	(
@@ -430,7 +435,7 @@ test_expect_success 'fast-export quotes pathnames' '
 	 git commit -m rename &&
 	 git read-tree --empty &&
 	 git commit -m deletion &&
-	 git fast-export HEAD >export.out &&
+	 git fast-export -M HEAD >export.out &&
 	 git rev-list HEAD >expect &&
 	 git init result &&
 	 cd result &&
@@ -440,4 +445,81 @@ test_expect_success 'fast-export quotes pathnames' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'test bidirectionality' '
+	>marks-cur &&
+	>marks-new &&
+	git init marks-test &&
+	git fast-export --export-marks=marks-cur --import-marks=marks-cur --branches | \
+	git --git-dir=marks-test/.git fast-import --export-marks=marks-new --import-marks=marks-new &&
+	(cd marks-test &&
+	git reset --hard &&
+	echo Wohlauf > file &&
+	git commit -a -m "back in time") &&
+	git --git-dir=marks-test/.git fast-export --export-marks=marks-new --import-marks=marks-new --branches | \
+	git fast-import --export-marks=marks-cur --import-marks=marks-cur
+'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+blob
+mark :13
+data 5
+bump
+
+commit refs/heads/master
+mark :14
+author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1112912773 -0700
+committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1112912773 -0700
+data 5
+bump
+from :12
+M 100644 :13 file
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'avoid uninteresting refs' '
+	> tmp-marks &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > /dev/null &&
+	git tag v1.0 &&
+	git branch uninteresting &&
+	echo bump > file &&
+	git commit -a -m bump &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks ^uninteresting ^v1.0 master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+cat > expected << EOF
+reset refs/heads/master
+from :14
+
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success 'refs are updated even if no commits need to be exported' '
+	> tmp-marks &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > /dev/null &&
+	git fast-export --import-marks=tmp-marks \
+		--export-marks=tmp-marks master > actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use refspec' '
+	git fast-export --refspec refs/heads/master:refs/heads/foobar master | \
+		grep "^commit " | sort | uniq > actual &&
+	echo "commit refs/heads/foobar" > expected &&
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'delete refspec' '
+	git branch to-delete &&
+	git fast-export --refspec :refs/heads/to-delete to-delete ^to-delete > actual &&
+	cat > expected <<-EOF &&
+	reset refs/heads/to-delete
+	from 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+	EOF
+	test_cmp expected actual
+'
+
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9351-fast-export-anonymize.sh b/t/t9351-fast-export-anonymize.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..897dc50907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9351-fast-export-anonymize.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='basic tests for fast-export --anonymize'
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'setup simple repo' '
+	test_commit base &&
+	test_commit foo &&
+	git checkout -b other HEAD^ &&
+	mkdir subdir &&
+	test_commit subdir/bar &&
+	test_commit subdir/xyzzy &&
+	git tag -m "annotated tag" mytag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'export anonymized stream' '
+	git fast-export --anonymize --all >stream
+'
+
+# this also covers commit messages
+test_expect_success 'stream omits path names' '
+	! grep base stream &&
+	! grep foo stream &&
+	! grep subdir stream &&
+	! grep bar stream &&
+	! grep xyzzy stream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stream allows master as refname' '
+	grep master stream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stream omits other refnames' '
+	! grep other stream &&
+	! grep mytag stream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stream omits identities' '
+	! grep "$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME" stream &&
+	! grep "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" stream &&
+	! grep "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" stream &&
+	! grep "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" stream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'stream omits tag message' '
+	! grep "annotated tag" stream
+'
+
+# NOTE: we chdir to the new, anonymized repository
+# after this. All further tests should assume this.
+test_expect_success 'import stream to new repository' '
+	git init new &&
+	cd new &&
+	git fast-import <../stream
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'result has two branches' '
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(refname)" refs/heads >branches &&
+	test_line_count = 2 branches &&
+	other_branch=$(grep -v refs/heads/master branches)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'repo has original shape and timestamps' '
+	shape () {
+		git log --format="%m %ct" --left-right --boundary "$@"
+	} &&
+	(cd .. && shape master...other) >expect &&
+	shape master...$other_branch >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root tree has original shape' '
+	# the output entries are not necessarily in the same
+	# order, but we know at least that we will have one tree
+	# and one blob, so just check the sorted order
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	blob
+	tree
+	EOF
+	git ls-tree $other_branch >root &&
+	cut -d" " -f2 <root | sort >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'paths in subdir ended up in one tree' '
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	blob
+	blob
+	EOF
+	tree=$(grep tree root | cut -f2) &&
+	git ls-tree $other_branch:$tree >tree &&
+	cut -d" " -f2 <tree >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'tag points to branch tip' '
+	git rev-parse $other_branch >expect &&
+	git for-each-ref --format="%(*objectname)" | grep . >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'idents are shared' '
+	git log --all --format="%an <%ae>" >authors &&
+	sort -u authors >unique &&
+	test_line_count = 1 unique &&
+	git log --all --format="%cn <%ce>" >committers &&
+	sort -u committers >unique &&
+	test_line_count = 1 unique &&
+	! test_cmp authors committers
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
index 9199550ef4..6146c3fec2 100755
--- a/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
+++ b/t/t9400-git-cvsserver-server.sh
@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@ then
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, cvs not found'
     test_done
 fi
-"$PERL_PATH" -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+perl -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
     test_done
 }
 
-unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
 WORKDIR=$(pwd)
 SERVERDIR=$(pwd)/gitcvs.git
 git_config="$SERVERDIR/config"
@@ -36,6 +35,7 @@ export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
 
 rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+  git config push.default matching &&
   echo >empty &&
   git add empty &&
   git commit -q -m "First Commit" &&
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ cat >expected.C <<EOF
 Line 0
 =======
 LINE 0
->>>>>>> merge.3
+>>>>>>> merge.1.3
 EOF
 
 for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
@@ -476,14 +476,14 @@ test_expect_success 'cvs status' '
     cd cvswork &&
     GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs update &&
     GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs status | grep "^File: status.file" >../out &&
-    test $(wc -l <../out) = 2
+    test_line_count = 2 ../out
 '
 
 cd "$WORKDIR"
 test_expect_success 'cvs status (nonrecursive)' '
     cd cvswork &&
     GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs status -l | grep "^File: status.file" >../out &&
-    test $(wc -l <../out) = 1
+    test_line_count = 1 ../out
 '
 
 cd "$WORKDIR"
@@ -500,8 +500,78 @@ test_expect_success 'cvs status (no subdirs in header)' '
 cd "$WORKDIR"
 test_expect_success 'cvs co -c (shows module database)' '
     GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs co -c > out &&
-    grep "^master[	 ]\+master$" < out &&
-    ! grep -v "^master[	 ]\+master$" < out
+    grep "^master[	 ][ 	]*master$" <out &&
+    ! grep -v "^master[	 ][ 	]*master$" <out
+'
+
+#------------
+# CVS LOG
+#------------
+
+# Known issues with git-cvsserver current log output:
+#  - Hard coded "lines: +2 -3" placeholder, instead of real numbers.
+#  - CVS normally does not internally add a blank first line
+#    or a last line with nothing but a space to log messages.
+#  - The latest cvs 1.12.x server sends +0000 timezone (with some hidden "MT"
+#    tagging in the protocol), and if cvs 1.12.x client sees the MT tags,
+#    it converts to local time zone.  git-cvsserver doesn't do the +0000
+#    or the MT tags...
+#  - The latest 1.12.x releases add a "commitid:" field on to the end of the
+#    "date:" line (after "lines:").  Maybe we could stick git's commit id
+#    in it?  Or does CVS expect a certain number of bits (too few for
+#    a full sha1)?
+#
+# Given the above, expect the following test to break if git-cvsserver's
+# log output is improved.  The test is just to ensure it doesn't
+# accidentally get worse.
+
+sed -e 's/^x//' -e 's/SP$/ /' > "$WORKDIR/expect" <<EOF
+x
+xRCS file: $WORKDIR/gitcvs.git/master/merge,v
+xWorking file: merge
+xhead: 1.4
+xbranch:
+xlocks: strict
+xaccess list:
+xsymbolic names:
+xkeyword substitution: kv
+xtotal revisions: 4;	selected revisions: 4
+xdescription:
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.4
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (no-op)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.3
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (conflict)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.2
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (merge)
+xSP
+x----------------------------
+xrevision 1.1
+xdate: __DATE__;  author: author;  state: Exp;  lines: +2 -3
+x
+xMerge test (pre-merge)
+xSP
+x=============================================================================
+EOF
+expectStat="$?"
+
+cd "$WORKDIR"
+test_expect_success 'cvs log' '
+    cd cvswork &&
+    test x"$expectStat" = x"0" &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs log merge >../out &&
+    sed -e "s%2[0-9][0-9][0-9]/[01][0-9]/[0-3][0-9] [0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]%__DATE__%" ../out > ../actual &&
+    test_cmp ../expect ../actual
 '
 
 #------------
diff --git a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
index ff6d6fb473..5a4ed28e49 100755
--- a/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
+++ b/t/t9401-git-cvsserver-crlf.sh
@@ -38,6 +38,25 @@ not_present() {
     fi
 }
 
+check_status_options() {
+    (cd "$1" &&
+    GIT_CONFIG="$git_config" cvs -Q status "$2" > "${WORKDIR}/status.out" 2>&1
+    )
+    if [ x"$?" != x"0" ] ; then
+	echo "Error from cvs status: $1 $2" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+	return 1;
+    fi
+    got="$(sed -n -e 's/^[ 	]*Sticky Options:[ 	]*//p' "${WORKDIR}/status.out")"
+    expect="$3"
+    if [ x"$expect" = x"" ] ; then
+	expect="(none)"
+    fi
+    test x"$got" = x"$expect"
+    stat=$?
+    echo "cvs status: $1 $2 $stat '$3' '$got'" >> "${WORKDIR}/marked.log"
+    return $stat
+}
+
 cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
 if test $? -ne 1
 then
@@ -49,7 +68,7 @@ then
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, perl not available'
     test_done
 fi
-"$PERL_PATH" -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+perl -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
     skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
     test_done
 }
@@ -65,6 +84,7 @@ export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
 
 rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
 test_expect_success 'setup' '
+    git config push.default matching &&
     echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
     echo "File with embedded NUL: Q <- there" | q_to_nul > binfile.bin &&
     mkdir subdir &&
@@ -233,6 +253,22 @@ test_expect_success 'cvs co another copy (guess)' '
     marked_as cvswork2/subdir newfile.c ""
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'cvs status - sticky options' '
+    check_status_options cvswork2 textfile.c "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 binfile.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 .gitattributes "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 mixedUp.c -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 multiline.c -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 multilineTxt.c "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir withCr.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 subdir/withCr.bin -kb &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir file.h "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2 subdir/file.h "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir unspecified.other "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir newfile.bin "" &&
+    check_status_options cvswork2/subdir newfile.c ""
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'add text (guess)' '
     (cd cvswork &&
     echo "simpleText" > simpleText.c &&
diff --git a/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1e266effff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9402-git-cvsserver-refs.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git-cvsserver and git refspecs
+
+tests ability for git-cvsserver to switch between and compare
+tags, branches and other git refspecs'
+
+. ./test-lib.sh
+
+#########
+
+check_start_tree() {
+	rm -f "$WORKDIR/list.expected"
+	echo "start $1" >>"${WORKDIR}/check.log"
+}
+
+check_file() {
+	sandbox="$1"
+	file="$2"
+	ver="$3"
+	GIT_DIR=$SERVERDIR git show "${ver}:${file}" \
+		>"$WORKDIR/check.got" 2>"$WORKDIR/check.stderr"
+	test_cmp "$WORKDIR/check.got" "$sandbox/$file"
+	stat=$?
+	echo "check_file $sandbox $file $ver : $stat" >>"$WORKDIR/check.log"
+	echo "$file" >>"$WORKDIR/list.expected"
+	return $stat
+}
+
+check_end_tree() {
+	sandbox="$1" &&
+	find "$sandbox" -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print >"$WORKDIR/list.actual" &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.expected" >expected &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.actual" | sed -e "s%cvswork/%%" >actual &&
+	test_cmp expected actual &&
+	rm expected actual
+}
+
+check_end_full_tree() {
+	sandbox="$1" &&
+	sort <"$WORKDIR/list.expected" >expected &&
+	find "$sandbox" -name CVS -prune -o -type f -print |
+	sed -e "s%$sandbox/%%" | sort >act1 &&
+	test_cmp expected act1 &&
+	git ls-tree --name-only -r "$2" | sort >act2 &&
+	test_cmp expected act2 &&
+	rm expected act1 act2
+}
+
+#########
+
+check_diff() {
+	diffFile="$1"
+	vOld="$2"
+	vNew="$3"
+	rm -rf diffSandbox
+	git clone -q -n . diffSandbox &&
+	(
+		cd diffSandbox &&
+		git checkout "$vOld" &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"../$diffFile" &&
+		git diff --exit-code "$vNew"
+	) >check_diff_apply.out 2>&1
+}
+
+#########
+
+cvs >/dev/null 2>&1
+if test $? -ne 1
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, cvs not found'
+	test_done
+fi
+if ! test_have_prereq PERL
+then
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, perl not available'
+	test_done
+fi
+perl -e 'use DBI; use DBD::SQLite' >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+	skip_all='skipping git-cvsserver tests, Perl SQLite interface unavailable'
+	test_done
+}
+
+unset GIT_DIR GIT_CONFIG
+WORKDIR=$(pwd)
+SERVERDIR=$(pwd)/gitcvs.git
+git_config="$SERVERDIR/config"
+CVSROOT=":fork:$SERVERDIR"
+CVSWORK="$(pwd)/cvswork"
+CVS_SERVER=git-cvsserver
+export CVSROOT CVS_SERVER
+
+rm -rf "$CVSWORK" "$SERVERDIR"
+test_expect_success 'setup v1, b1' '
+	echo "Simple text file" >textfile.c &&
+	echo "t2" >t2 &&
+	mkdir adir &&
+	echo "adir/afile line1" >adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line2" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line3" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/afile line4" >>adir/afile &&
+	echo "adir/a2file" >>adir/a2file &&
+	mkdir adir/bdir &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/bfile line 1" >adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/bfile line 2" >>adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	echo "adir/bdir/b2file" >adir/bdir/b2file &&
+	git add textfile.c t2 adir &&
+	git commit -q -m "First Commit (v1)" &&
+	git tag v1 &&
+	git branch b1 &&
+	git clone -q --bare "$WORKDIR/.git" "$SERVERDIR" >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+	GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config --bool gitcvs.enabled true &&
+	GIT_DIR="$SERVERDIR" git config gitcvs.logfile "$SERVERDIR/gitcvs.log"
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co v1' '
+	cvs -f -Q co -r v1 -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+rm -rf cvswork
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b1' '
+	cvs -f co -r b1 -d cvswork master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b1 [cvswork3]' '
+	cvs -f co -r b1 -d cvswork3 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit cvswork3 and save diff' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		sed -e "s/line1/line1 - data/" adir/afile >adir/afileNEW &&
+		mv -f adir/afileNEW adir/afile &&
+		echo "afile5" >adir/afile5 &&
+		rm t2 &&
+		cvs -f add adir/afile5 &&
+		cvs -f rm t2 &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvswork3edit.diff"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup v1.2 on b1' '
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	echo "new v1.2" >t3 &&
+	rm t2 &&
+	sed -e "s/line3/line3 - more data/" adir/afile >adir/afileNEW &&
+	mv -f adir/afileNEW adir/afile &&
+	rm adir/a2file &&
+	echo "a3file" >>adir/a3file &&
+	echo "bfile line 3" >>adir/bdir/bfile &&
+	rm adir/bdir/b2file &&
+	echo "b3file" >adir/bdir/b3file &&
+	mkdir cdir &&
+	echo "cdir/cfile" >cdir/cfile &&
+	git add -A cdir adir t3 t2 &&
+	git commit -q -m 'v1.2' &&
+	git tag v1.2 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b1:b1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs -f up (on b1 adir)' '
+	( cd cvswork/adir && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (on b1 /)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+# Make sure "CVS/Tag" files didn't get messed up:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (on b1 /) (again; check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+# update to another version:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r v1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r v1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (again; check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -d ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup simple b2' '
+	git branch b2 v1 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b2:b2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs co b2 [into cvswork2]' '
+	cvs -f co -r b2 -d cvswork2 master >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_tree cvswork
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root dir edit [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 && echo "Line 2" >>textfile.c &&
+		! cvs -f diff -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit1.diff" &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "edit textfile.c" textfile.c
+	) >cvsEdit1.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'root dir rm file [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 &&
+		cvs -f rm -f t2 &&
+		cvs -f diff -u >../cvsEdit2-empty.diff &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit2-N.diff" &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "rm t2"
+	) >cvsEdit2.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'subdir edit/add/rm files [cvswork2]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork2 &&
+		sed -e "s/line 1/line 1 (v2)/" adir/bdir/bfile >adir/bdir/bfileNEW &&
+		mv -f adir/bdir/bfileNEW adir/bdir/bfile &&
+		rm adir/bdir/b2file &&
+		cd adir &&
+		cvs -f rm bdir/b2file &&
+		echo "4th file" >bdir/b4file &&
+		cvs -f add bdir/b4file &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3.diff" &&
+		git fetch gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+		(
+		  cd .. &&
+		  ! cvs -f diff -u -N -r v1.2 >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff" &&
+		  ! cvs -f diff -u -N -r v1.2 -r v1 >"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff"
+		) &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "various add/rm/edit"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate result of edits [cvswork2]' '
+	git fetch gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+	git tag v2 b2 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b2:b2 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate basic diffs saved during above cvswork2 edits' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit1.diff | wc -l) = 1 &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvsEdit2-empty.diff &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit2-N.diff | wc -l) = 1 &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3.diff | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	rm -rf diffSandbox &&
+	git clone -q -n . diffSandbox &&
+	(
+		cd diffSandbox &&
+		git checkout v1 &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit1.diff" &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit2-N.diff" &&
+		git apply -p0 --directory=adir --index <"$WORKDIR/cvsEdit3.diff" &&
+		git diff --exit-code v2
+	) >"check_diff_apply.out" 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate v1.2 diff saved during last cvswork2 edit' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff | wc -l) = 9 &&
+	check_diff cvsEdit3-v1.2.diff v1.2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'validate v1.2 v1 diff saved during last cvswork2 edit' '
+	test $(grep Index: cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff | wc -l) = 9 &&
+	check_diff cvsEdit3-v1.2-v1.diff v1.2 v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up [cvswork2]' '
+	( cd cvswork2 && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork2 adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork2 v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r b2 [back to cvswork]' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r b2 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r b1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r b1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1.2
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -A' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -A ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs up (check CVS/Tag files)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+# This is not really legal CVS, but it seems to work anyway:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r heads/b1' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r heads/b1 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork t3 v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b3file v1.2 &&
+	check_file cvswork cdir/cfile v1.2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1.2
+'
+
+# But this should work even if CVS client checks -r more carefully:
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r heads_-s-b2 (cvsserver escape mechanism)' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r heads_-s-b2 ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v2 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b4file v2 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v2
+'
+
+v1hash=$(git rev-parse v1)
+test_expect_success 'cvs up -r $(git rev-parse v1)' '
+	test -n "$v1hash" &&
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f up -r "$v1hash" ) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork &&
+	check_file cvswork textfile.c v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork t2 v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/afile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/a2file v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/bfile v1 &&
+	check_file cvswork adir/bdir/b2file v1 &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork v1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -r v1 -u' '
+	( cd cvswork && cvs -f diff -r v1 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvsDiff.out &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -N -r v2 -u' '
+	( cd cvswork && ! cvs -f diff -N -r v2 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v2 v1 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs diff -N -r v2 -r v1.2' '
+	( cd cvswork && ! cvs -f diff -N -r v2 -r v1.2 -u ) >cvsDiff.out 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v2 v1.2 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'apply early [cvswork3] diff to b3' '
+	git clone -q . gitwork3 &&
+	(
+		cd gitwork3 &&
+		git checkout -b b3 v1 &&
+		git apply -p0 --index <"$WORKDIR/cvswork3edit.diff" &&
+		git commit -m "cvswork3 edits applied"
+	) &&
+	git fetch gitwork3 b3:b3 &&
+	git tag v3 b3
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check [cvswork3] diff' '
+	( cd cvswork3 && ! cvs -f diff -N -u ) >"$WORKDIR/cvsDiff.out" 2>cvs.log &&
+	test_must_be_empty cvs.log &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsDiff.out | wc -l) = 3 &&
+	test_cmp cvsDiff.out cvswork3edit.diff &&
+	check_diff cvsDiff.out v1 v3 >check_diff.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'merge early [cvswork3] b3 with b1' '
+	( cd gitwork3 && git merge "message" HEAD b1 ) &&
+	git fetch gitwork3 b3:b3 &&
+	git tag v3merged b3 &&
+	git push --tags gitcvs.git b3:b3
+'
+
+# This test would fail if cvsserver properly created a ".#afile"* file
+# for the merge.
+# TODO: Validate that the .# file was saved properly, and then
+#   delete/ignore it when checking the tree.
+test_expect_success 'cvs up dirty [cvswork3]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		cvs -f up &&
+		! cvs -f diff -N -u >"$WORKDIR/cvsDiff.out"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	test -s cvsDiff.out &&
+	test $(grep Index: cvsDiff.out | wc -l) = 2 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t3 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile5 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 cdir/cfile v3merged &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v3merged
+'
+
+# TODO: test cvs status
+
+test_expect_success 'cvs commit [cvswork3]' '
+	(
+		cd cvswork3 &&
+		cvs -f commit -m "dirty sandbox after auto-merge"
+	) >cvs.log 2>&1 &&
+	check_start_tree cvswork3 &&
+	check_file cvswork3 textfile.c v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 t3 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/a3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/afile5 v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/bfile v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 adir/bdir/b3file v3merged &&
+	check_file cvswork3 cdir/cfile v3merged &&
+	check_end_full_tree cvswork3 v3merged &&
+	git fetch gitcvs.git b3:b4 &&
+	git tag v4.1 b4 &&
+	git diff --exit-code v4.1 v3merged >check_diff_apply.out 2>&1
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
index 90bb6050c1..e94b2f147a 100755
--- a/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
+++ b/t/t9500-gitweb-standalone-no-errors.sh
@@ -156,10 +156,10 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git commit -a -m "File renamed." &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS \
+test_expect_success \
 	'commitdiff(0): file to symlink' \
 	'rm renamed_file &&
-	 ln -s file renamed_file &&
+	 test_ln_s_add file renamed_file &&
 	 git commit -a -m "File to symlink." &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commitdiff"'
 
@@ -212,15 +212,14 @@ test_expect_success \
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # commitdiff testing (taken from t4114-apply-typechange.sh)
 
-test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'setup typechange commits' '
+test_expect_success 'setup typechange commits' '
 	echo "hello world" > foo &&
 	echo "hi planet" > bar &&
 	git update-index --add foo bar &&
 	git commit -m initial &&
 	git branch initial &&
 	rm -f foo &&
-	ln -s bar foo &&
-	git update-index foo &&
+	test_ln_s_add bar foo &&
 	git commit -m "foo symlinked to bar" &&
 	git branch foo-symlinked-to-bar &&
 	rm -f foo &&
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@ test_expect_success 'setup incomplete lines' '
 	echo "Dominus regit me," >file &&
 	echo "incomplete line" | tr -d "\\012" >>file &&
 	git commit -a -m "Change incomplete line" &&
-	git tag incomplete_lines_chg
+	git tag incomplete_lines_chg &&
 	echo "Dominus regit me," >file &&
 	git commit -a -m "Remove incomplete line" &&
 	git tag incomplete_lines_rem
@@ -329,7 +328,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 git add b &&
 	 git commit -a -m "On branch" &&
 	 git checkout master &&
-	 git pull . b &&
+	 git merge b &&
 	 git tag merge_commit'
 
 test_expect_success \
@@ -361,11 +360,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 echo "Changed" >> 04-rename-to &&
 	 test_chmod +x 05-mode-change &&
 	 rm -f 06-file-or-symlink &&
-	 if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS; then
-		ln -s 01-change 06-file-or-symlink
-	 else
-		printf %s 01-change > 06-file-or-symlink
-	 fi &&
+	 test_ln_s_add 01-change 06-file-or-symlink &&
 	 echo "Changed and have mode changed" > 07-change-mode-change	&&
 	 test_chmod +x 07-change-mode-change &&
 	 git commit -a -m "Large commit" &&
@@ -539,8 +534,7 @@ test_expect_success \
 	 test_when_finished "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME=\"C O Mitter\"" &&
 	 echo "ISO-8859-1" >> file &&
 	 git add file &&
-	 git config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
-	 test_when_finished "git config --unset i18n.commitencoding" &&
+	 test_config i18n.commitencoding ISO-8859-1 &&
 	 git commit -F "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t3900/ISO8859-1.txt &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=commit"'
 
@@ -689,9 +683,11 @@ test_expect_success \
 # syntax highlighting
 
 
-highlight --version >/dev/null 2>&1
+highlight_version=$(highlight --version </dev/null 2>/dev/null)
 if [ $? -eq 127 ]; then
-	say "Skipping syntax highlighting test, because 'highlight' was not found"
+	say "Skipping syntax highlighting tests: 'highlight' not found"
+elif test -z "$highlight_version"; then
+	say "Skipping syntax highlighting tests: incorrect 'highlight' found"
 else
 	test_set_prereq HIGHLIGHT
 	cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<-\EOF
@@ -783,7 +779,10 @@ test_expect_success \
 
 test_expect_success \
 	'unborn HEAD: "summary" page (with "heads" subview)' \
-	'git checkout orphan_branch || git checkout --orphan orphan_branch &&
+	'{
+		git checkout orphan_branch ||
+		git checkout --orphan orphan_branch
+	 } &&
 	 test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
 	 gitweb_run "p=.git;a=summary"'
 
diff --git a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
index 31076edc5b..d3a5bac754 100755
--- a/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
+++ b/t/t9501-gitweb-standalone-http-status.sh
@@ -12,6 +12,13 @@ code and message.'
 
 . ./gitweb-lib.sh
 
+#
+# Gitweb only provides the functionality tested by the 'modification times'
+# tests if it can access a date parser from one of these modules:
+#
+perl -MHTTP::Date -e 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 && test_set_prereq DATE_PARSER
+perl -MTime::ParseDate -e 0 >/dev/null 2>&1 && test_set_prereq DATE_PARSER
+
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # snapshot settings
 
@@ -92,7 +99,7 @@ test_debug 'cat gitweb.output'
 test_expect_success 'snapshots: bad tree-ish id (tagged object)' '
 	echo object > tag-object &&
 	git add tag-object &&
-	git commit -m "Object to be tagged" &&
+	test_tick && git commit -m "Object to be tagged" &&
 	git tag tagged-object `git hash-object tag-object` &&
 	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=tagged-object;sf=tgz" &&
 	grep "400 - Object is not a tree-ish" gitweb.output
@@ -112,6 +119,69 @@ test_expect_success 'snapshots: bad object id' '
 '
 test_debug 'cat gitweb.output'
 
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# modification times (Last-Modified and If-Modified-Since)
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed last-modified' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers &&
+	grep "Last-modified: Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (modified)' '
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
+	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: feed if-modified-since (unmodified)' '
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
+	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=atom;h=master" &&
+	grep "Status: 304 Not Modified" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot last-modified' '
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers &&
+	grep "Last-modified: Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (modified)' '
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
+	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: snapshot if-modified-since (unmodified)' '
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Thu, 7 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
+	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=master;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "Status: 304 Not Modified" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
+
+test_expect_success DATE_PARSER 'modification: tree snapshot' '
+	ID=`git rev-parse --verify HEAD^{tree}` &&
+	HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE="Wed, 6 Apr 2005 22:14:13 +0000" &&
+	export HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE &&
+	test_when_finished "unset HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE" &&
+	gitweb_run "p=.git;a=snapshot;h=$ID;sf=tgz" &&
+	grep "Status: 200 OK" gitweb.headers &&
+	! grep -i "last-modified" gitweb.headers
+'
+test_debug 'cat gitweb.headers'
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # load checking
diff --git a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
index 731e64c3ad..0796a438bc 100755
--- a/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
+++ b/t/t9502-gitweb-standalone-parse-output.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ check_snapshot () {
 	echo "basename=$basename"
 	grep "filename=.*$basename.tar" gitweb.headers >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
 	"$TAR" tf gitweb.body >file_list &&
-	! grep -v "^$prefix/" file_list
+	! grep -v -e "^$prefix$" -e "^$prefix/" -e "^pax_global_header$" file_list
 }
 
 test_expect_success setup '
@@ -145,9 +145,11 @@ test_expect_success 'forks: not skipped unless "forks" feature enabled' '
 	grep -q ">fork of .*<"           gitweb.body
 '
 
-cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<\EOF &&
-$feature{'forks'}{'default'} = [1];
-EOF
+test_expect_success 'enable forks feature' '
+	cat >>gitweb_config.perl <<-\EOF
+	$feature{"forks"}{"default"} = [1];
+	EOF
+'
 
 test_expect_success 'forks: forks skipped if "forks" feature enabled' '
 	gitweb_run "a=project_list" &&
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ test_expect_success 'forks: can access forked repository' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'forks: project_index lists all projects (incl. forks)' '
-	cat >expected <<-\EOF
+	cat >expected <<-\EOF &&
 	.git
 	foo.bar.git
 	foo.git
@@ -185,5 +187,20 @@ test_expect_success 'forks: project_index lists all projects (incl. forks)' '
 	test_cmp expected actual
 '
 
+xss() {
+	echo >&2 "Checking $1..." &&
+	gitweb_run "$1" &&
+	if grep "$TAG" gitweb.body; then
+		echo >&2 "xss: $TAG should have been quoted in output"
+		return 1
+	fi
+	return 0
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'xss checks' '
+	TAG="<magic-xss-tag>" &&
+	xss "a=rss&p=$TAG" &&
+	xss "a=rss&p=foo.git&f=$TAG"
+'
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh b/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh
index 52034c8f77..c4c3c49546 100755
--- a/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh
+++ b/t/t9603-cvsimport-patchsets.sh
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ test_description='git cvsimport testing for correct patchset estimation'
 
 setup_cvs_test_repository t9603
 
-test_expect_failure 'import with criss cross times on revisions' '
+test_expect_failure PERL 'import with criss cross times on revisions' '
 
     git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-git module &&
     (cd module-git &&
diff --git a/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh b/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a4b3db24bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604-cvsimport-timestamps.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git cvsimport timestamps'
+. ./lib-cvs.sh
+
+setup_cvs_test_repository t9604
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'check timestamps are UTC (TZ=CST6CDT)' '
+
+	TZ=CST6CDT git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-1 module &&
+	git cvsimport -p"-x" -C module-1 module &&
+	(
+		cd module-1 &&
+		git log --format="%s %ai"
+	) >actual-1 &&
+	cat >expect-1 <<-EOF &&
+	Rev 16 2006-10-29 07:00:01 +0000
+	Rev 15 2006-10-29 06:59:59 +0000
+	Rev 14 2006-04-02 08:00:01 +0000
+	Rev 13 2006-04-02 07:59:59 +0000
+	Rev 12 2005-12-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev 11 2005-11-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev 10 2005-10-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  9 2005-09-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  8 2005-08-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  7 2005-07-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  6 2005-06-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  5 2005-05-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  4 2005-04-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  3 2005-03-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  2 2005-02-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	Rev  1 2005-01-01 00:00:00 +0000
+	EOF
+	test_cmp actual-1 expect-1
+'
+
+test_expect_success PERL 'check timestamps with author-specific timezones' '
+
+	cat >cvs-authors <<-EOF &&
+	user1=User One <user1@domain.org>
+	user2=User Two <user2@domain.org> CST6CDT
+	user3=User Three <user3@domain.org> EST5EDT
+	user4=User Four <user4@domain.org> MST7MDT
+	EOF
+	git cvsimport -p"-x" -A cvs-authors -C module-2 module &&
+	(
+		cd module-2 &&
+		git log --format="%s %ai %an"
+	) >actual-2 &&
+	cat >expect-2 <<-EOF &&
+	Rev 16 2006-10-29 01:00:01 -0600 User Two
+	Rev 15 2006-10-29 01:59:59 -0500 User Two
+	Rev 14 2006-04-02 03:00:01 -0500 User Two
+	Rev 13 2006-04-02 01:59:59 -0600 User Two
+	Rev 12 2005-11-30 17:00:00 -0700 User Four
+	Rev 11 2005-10-31 19:00:00 -0500 User Three
+	Rev 10 2005-09-30 19:00:00 -0500 User Two
+	Rev  9 2005-09-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	Rev  8 2005-07-31 18:00:00 -0600 User Four
+	Rev  7 2005-06-30 20:00:00 -0400 User Three
+	Rev  6 2005-05-31 19:00:00 -0500 User Two
+	Rev  5 2005-05-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	Rev  4 2005-03-31 17:00:00 -0700 User Four
+	Rev  3 2005-02-28 19:00:00 -0500 User Three
+	Rev  2 2005-01-31 18:00:00 -0600 User Two
+	Rev  1 2005-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 User One
+	EOF
+	test_cmp actual-2 expect-2
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes b/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..562b12e16e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* -whitespace
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore b/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3bb9b34173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/CVSROOT/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+history
+val-tags
diff --git a/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v b/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80658c3c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9604/cvsroot/module/a,v
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+head	1.16;
+access;
+symbols;
+locks; strict;
+comment	@# @;
+
+
+1.16
+date	2006.10.29.07.00.01;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.15;
+
+1.15
+date	2006.10.29.06.59.59;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.14;
+
+1.14
+date	2006.04.02.08.00.01;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.13;
+
+1.13
+date	2006.04.02.07.59.59;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.12;
+
+1.12
+date	2005.12.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.11;
+
+1.11
+date	2005.11.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.10;
+
+1.10
+date	2005.10.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.9;
+
+1.9
+date	2005.09.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.8;
+
+1.8
+date	2005.08.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.7;
+
+1.7
+date	2005.07.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.6;
+
+1.6
+date	2005.06.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.5;
+
+1.5
+date	2005.05.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.4;
+
+1.4
+date	2005.04.01.00.00.00;	author user4;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.3;
+
+1.3
+date	2005.03.01.00.00.00;	author user3;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.2;
+
+1.2
+date	2005.02.01.00.00.00;	author user2;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	1.1;
+
+1.1
+date	2005.01.01.00.00.00;	author user1;	state Exp;
+branches;
+next	;
+
+
+desc
+@@
+
+
+1.16
+log
+@Rev 16
+@
+text
+@Rev 16
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+
+
+1.15
+log
+@Rev 15
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+text
+@d1 1
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+1.11
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+1.10
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diff --git a/t/t9700-perl-git.sh b/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
index 435d896476..102c133112 100755
--- a/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
+++ b/t/t9700-perl-git.sh
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ if ! test_have_prereq PERL; then
 	test_done
 fi
 
-"$PERL_PATH" -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
+perl -MTest::More -e 0 2>/dev/null || {
 	skip_all="Perl Test::More unavailable, skipping test"
 	test_done
 }
@@ -55,6 +55,6 @@ test_external_has_tap=1
 
 test_external_without_stderr \
     'Perl API' \
-    "$PERL_PATH" "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
+    perl "$TEST_DIRECTORY"/t9700/test.pl
 
 test_done
diff --git a/t/t9700/test.pl b/t/t9700/test.pl
index 3b9b48408a..1140767b50 100755
--- a/t/t9700/test.pl
+++ b/t/t9700/test.pl
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ is($r->get_color("color.test.slot1", "red"), $ansi_green, "get_color");
 # Failure cases for config:
 # Save and restore STDERR; we will probably extract this into a
 # "dies_ok" method and possibly move the STDERR handling to Git.pm.
-open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR"; close STDERR;
-eval { $r->config("test.dupstring") };
-ok($@, "config: duplicate entry in scalar context fails");
+open our $tmpstderr, ">&STDERR" or die "cannot save STDERR";
+open STDERR, ">", "/dev/null" or die "cannot redirect STDERR to /dev/null";
+is($r->config("test.dupstring"), "value2", "config: multivar");
 eval { $r->config_bool("test.boolother") };
 ok($@, "config_bool: non-boolean values fail");
 open STDERR, ">&", $tmpstderr or die "cannot restore STDERR";
diff --git a/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh b/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
index 486c8eeb7e..5b562122a1 100755
--- a/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
+++ b/t/t9800-git-p4-basic.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 tests'
+test_description='git p4 tests'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ test_expect_success 'add p4 files' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'basic git-p4 clone' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+test_expect_success 'basic git p4 clone' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -30,8 +30,13 @@ test_expect_success 'basic git-p4 clone' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'git-p4 clone @all' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+test_expect_success 'depot typo error' '
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone --dest="$git" /depot 2>errs &&
+	grep "Depot paths must start with" errs
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git p4 clone @all' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -40,12 +45,13 @@ test_expect_success 'git-p4 clone @all' '
 	)
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'git-p4 sync uninitialized repo' '
+test_expect_success 'git p4 sync uninitialized repo' '
 	test_create_repo "$git" &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		test_must_fail "$GITP4" sync
+		test_must_fail git p4 sync 2>errs &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Perhaps you never did" errs
 	)
 '
 
@@ -53,13 +59,13 @@ test_expect_success 'git-p4 sync uninitialized repo' '
 # Create a git repo by hand.  Add a commit so that HEAD is valid.
 # Test imports a new p4 repository into a new git branch.
 #
-test_expect_success 'git-p4 sync new branch' '
+test_expect_success 'git p4 sync new branch' '
 	test_create_repo "$git" &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		test_commit head &&
-		"$GITP4" sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/depot //depot@all &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/depot //depot@all &&
 		git log --oneline p4/depot >lines &&
 		test_line_count = 2 lines
 	)
@@ -76,7 +82,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone two dirs' '
 		p4 add sub2/f2 &&
 		p4 submit -d "sub2/f2"
 	) &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub1 //depot/sub2 &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub1 //depot/sub2 &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -94,7 +100,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone two dirs, @all' '
 		p4 add sub1/f3 &&
 		p4 submit -d "sub1/f3"
 	) &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub1@all //depot/sub2@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub1@all //depot/sub2@all &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -112,7 +118,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone two dirs, @all, conflicting files' '
 		p4 add sub2/f3 &&
 		p4 submit -d "sub2/f3"
 	) &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub1@all //depot/sub2@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub1@all //depot/sub2@all &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -126,186 +132,48 @@ test_expect_success 'clone two dirs, @all, conflicting files' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'exit when p4 fails to produce marshaled output' '
-	badp4dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/badp4dir" &&
-	mkdir "$badp4dir" &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$badp4dir/p4\" && rmdir \"$badp4dir\"" &&
-	cat >"$badp4dir"/p4 <<-EOF &&
+	mkdir badp4dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm badp4dir/p4 && rmdir badp4dir" &&
+	cat >badp4dir/p4 <<-EOF &&
 	#!$SHELL_PATH
 	exit 1
 	EOF
-	chmod 755 "$badp4dir"/p4 &&
-	PATH="$badp4dir:$PATH" "$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot >errs 2>&1 ; retval=$? &&
-	test $retval -eq 1 &&
-	test_must_fail grep -q Traceback errs
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'add p4 files with wildcards in the names' '
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		echo file-wild-hash >file-wild#hash &&
-		echo file-wild-star >file-wild\*star &&
-		echo file-wild-at >file-wild@at &&
-		echo file-wild-percent >file-wild%percent &&
-		p4 add -f file-wild* &&
-		p4 submit -d "file wildcards"
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'wildcard files git-p4 clone' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test -f file-wild#hash &&
-		test -f file-wild\*star &&
-		test -f file-wild@at &&
-		test -f file-wild%percent
-	)
-'
-
-test_expect_success 'clone bare' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" --bare //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test ! -d .git &&
-		bare=`git config --get core.bare` &&
-		test "$bare" = true
-	)
-'
-
-p4_add_user() {
-	name=$1 fullname=$2 &&
-	p4 user -f -i <<-EOF &&
-	User: $name
-	Email: $name@localhost
-	FullName: $fullname
-	EOF
-	p4 passwd -P secret $name
-}
-
-p4_grant_admin() {
-	name=$1 &&
-	{
-		p4 protect -o &&
-		echo "    admin user $name * //depot/..."
-	} | p4 protect -i
-}
-
-p4_check_commit_author() {
-	file=$1 user=$2 &&
-	p4 changes -m 1 //depot/$file | grep -q $user
-}
-
-make_change_by_user() {
-	file=$1 name=$2 email=$3 &&
-	echo "username: a change by $name" >>"$file" &&
-	git add "$file" &&
-	git commit --author "$name <$email>" -m "a change by $name"
-}
-
-# Test username support, submitting as user 'alice'
-test_expect_success 'preserve users' '
-	p4_add_user alice Alice &&
-	p4_add_user bob Bob &&
-	p4_grant_admin alice &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		echo "username: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
-		echo "username: a change by bob" >>file2 &&
-		git commit --author "Alice <alice@localhost>" -m "a change by alice" file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Bob <bob@localhost>" -m "a change by bob" file2 &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret "$GITP4" commit --preserve-user &&
-		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice &&
-		p4_check_commit_author file2 bob
-	)
-'
-
-# Test username support, submitting as bob, who lacks admin rights. Should
-# not submit change to p4 (git diff should show deltas).
-test_expect_success 'refuse to preserve users without perms' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	chmod 755 badp4dir/p4 &&
 	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		echo "username-noperms: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Alice <alice@localhost>" -m "perms: a change by alice" file1 &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=bob P4PASSWD=secret &&
-		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
-		test_must_fail "$GITP4" commit --preserve-user &&
-		! git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master
-	)
+		PATH="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/badp4dir:$PATH" &&
+		export PATH &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot >errs 2>&1
+	) &&
+	cat errs &&
+	test_i18ngrep ! Traceback errs
 '
 
-# What happens with unknown author? Without allowMissingP4Users it should fail.
-test_expect_success 'preserve user where author is unknown to p4' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+# Hide a file from p4d, make sure we catch its complaint.  This won't fail in
+# p4 changes, files, or describe; just in p4 print.  If P4CLIENT is unset, the
+# message will include "Librarian checkout".
+test_expect_success 'exit gracefully for p4 server errors' '
+	test_when_finished "mv \"$db\"/depot/file1,v,hidden \"$db\"/depot/file1,v" &&
+	mv "$db"/depot/file1,v "$db"/depot/file1,v,hidden &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		echo "username-bob: a change by bob" >>file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Bob <bob@localhost>" -m "preserve: a change by bob" file1 &&
-		echo "username-unknown: a change by charlie" >>file1 &&
-		git commit --author "Charlie <charlie@localhost>" -m "preserve: a change by charlie" file1 &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
-		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
-		test_must_fail "$GITP4" commit --preserve-user &&
-		! git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
-
-		echo "$0: repeat with allowMissingP4Users enabled" &&
-		git config git-p4.allowMissingP4Users true &&
-		git config git-p4.preserveUser true &&
-		"$GITP4" commit &&
-		git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
-		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice
-	)
+	test_expect_code 1 git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@1 >out 2>err &&
+	test_i18ngrep "Error from p4 print" err
 '
 
-# If we're *not* using --preserve-user, git-p4 should warn if we're submitting
-# changes that are not all ours.
-# Test: user in p4 and user unknown to p4.
-# Test: warning disabled and user is the same.
-test_expect_success 'not preserving user with mixed authorship' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+test_expect_success 'clone --bare should make a bare repository' '
+	rm -rf "$git" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --bare //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-		p4_add_user derek Derek &&
-
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Derek derek@localhost &&
-		P4EDITOR=cat P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
-		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
-		"$GITP4" commit |\
-		grep "git author derek@localhost does not match" &&
-
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@localhost &&
-		"$GITP4" commit |\
-		grep "git author charlie@localhost does not match" &&
-
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 alice alice@localhost &&
-		"$GITP4" commit |\
-		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
-
-		git config git-p4.skipUserNameCheck true &&
-		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@localhost &&
-		"$GITP4" commit |\
-		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
-
-		p4_check_commit_author usernamefile3 alice
+		test_path_is_missing .git &&
+		git config --get --bool core.bare true &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/HEAD &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify HEAD
 	)
 '
 
-marshal_dump() {
-	what=$1
-	"$PYTHON_PATH" -c 'import marshal, sys; d = marshal.load(sys.stdin); print d["'$what'"]'
-}
-
 # Sleep a bit so that the top-most p4 change did not happen "now".  Then
 # import the repo and make sure that the initial import has the same time
 # as the top-most change.
@@ -313,7 +181,7 @@ test_expect_success 'initial import time from top change time' '
 	p4change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | marshal_dump change) &&
 	p4time=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | marshal_dump time) &&
 	sleep 3 &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -323,143 +191,15 @@ test_expect_success 'initial import time from top change time' '
 	)
 '
 
-# Rename a file and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
-# Rename the new file again with detectRenames option enabled and confirm that
-# this is detected in P4.
-# Rename the new file again adding an extra line, configure a big threshold in
-# detectRenames and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
-# Repeat, this time with a smaller threshold and confirm that the rename is
-# detected in P4.
-test_expect_success 'detect renames' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+test_expect_success 'unresolvable host in P4PORT should display error' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-
-		git mv file1 file4 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file1 to file4" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file4 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file4 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		git mv file4 file5 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file4 to file5" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file5 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file5 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file4" &&
-
-		git mv file5 file6 &&
-		echo update >>file6 &&
-		git add file6 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file5 to file6 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level + 2)) &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file6 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file6 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		git mv file6 file7 &&
-		echo update >>file7 &&
-		git add file7 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Rename file6 to file7 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level - 2)) &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file7 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file7 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file6"
-	)
-'
-
-# Copy a file and confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
-# Copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy is not
-# detected in P4.
-# Modify and copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy
-# is detected in P4.
-# Copy a file with detectCopies and detectCopiesHarder options enabled and
-# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
-# Modify and copy a file, configure a bigger threshold in detectCopies and
-# confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
-# Modify and copy a file, configure a smaller threshold in detectCopies and
-# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
-test_expect_success 'detect copies' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
-
-		cp file2 file8 &&
-		git add file8 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file8" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file8 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file8 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		cp file2 file9 &&
-		git add file9 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file9" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file9 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file9 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		echo "file2" >>file2 &&
-		cp file2 file10 &&
-		git add file2 file10 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Modify and copy file2 to file10" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file10 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file10 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file" &&
-
-		cp file2 file11 &&
-		git add file11 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file11" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
-		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
-		test "$src" = file10 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file11 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file11 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file" &&
-
-		cp file2 file12 &&
-		echo "some text" >>file12 &&
-		git add file12 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file12 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
-		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
-		test "$src" = file10 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level + 2)) &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file12 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file12 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
-
-		cp file2 file13 &&
-		echo "different text" >>file13 &&
-		git add file13 &&
-		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file13 with changes" &&
-		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
-		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
-		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
-		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
-		test "$src" = file10 &&
-		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level - 2)) &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file13 &&
-		p4 filelog //depot/file13 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file"
+		P4PORT=nosuchhost:65537 &&
+		export P4PORT &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 sync >out 2>err &&
+		grep "connect to nosuchhost" err
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
index d414705416..2bf142d09c 100755
--- a/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
+++ b/t/t9801-git-p4-branch.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 p4 branching tests'
+test_description='git p4 tests for p4 branches'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ test_expect_success 'basic p4 branches' '
 
 test_expect_success 'import main, no branch detection' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot/main@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/main@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all &&
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import main, no branch detection' '
 
 test_expect_success 'import branch1, no branch detection' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot/branch1@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/branch1@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all &&
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import branch1, no branch detection' '
 
 test_expect_success 'import branch2, no branch detection' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot/branch2@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/branch2@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all &&
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import branch2, no branch detection' '
 
 test_expect_success 'import depot, no branch detection' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all &&
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import depot, no branch detection' '
 
 test_expect_success 'import depot, branch detection' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --detect-branches //depot@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ test_expect_success 'import depot, branch detection, branchList branch definitio
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.branchList main:branch1 &&
-		"$GITP4" clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
 
 		git log --oneline --graph --decorate --all &&
 
@@ -189,15 +189,15 @@ test_expect_success 'add simple p4 branches' '
 # Configure branches through git-config and clone them.
 # All files are tested to make sure branches were cloned correctly.
 # Finally, make an update to branch1 on P4 side to check if it is imported
-# correctly by git-p4.
-test_expect_success 'git-p4 clone simple branches' '
+# correctly by git p4.
+test_expect_success 'git p4 clone simple branches' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	test_create_repo "$git" &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.branchList branch1:branch2 &&
 		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch3 &&
-		"$GITP4" clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
 		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
 		test -f file1 &&
@@ -218,16 +218,16 @@ test_expect_success 'git-p4 clone simple branches' '
 		cd branch1 &&
 		p4 edit file2 &&
 		echo file2_ >>file2 &&
-		p4 submit -d "update file2 in branch3" &&
+		p4 submit -d "update file2 in branch1" &&
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
-		"$GITP4" rebase &&
+		git p4 rebase &&
 		grep file2_ file2
 	)
 '
 
 # Create a complex branch structure in P4 depot to check if they are correctly
-# cloned. The branches are created from older changelists to check if git-p4 is
+# cloned. The branches are created from older changelists to check if git p4 is
 # able to correctly detect them.
 # The final expected structure is:
 # `branch1
@@ -248,9 +248,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git-p4 clone simple branches' '
 #   `- file1
 #   `- file2
 #   `- file3
-test_expect_success 'git-p4 add complex branches' '
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+test_expect_success 'git p4 add complex branches' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		changelist=$(p4 changes -m1 //depot/... | cut -d" " -f2) &&
@@ -263,10 +261,10 @@ test_expect_success 'git-p4 add complex branches' '
 	)
 '
 
-# Configure branches through git-config and clone them. git-p4 will only be able
+# Configure branches through git-config and clone them. git p4 will only be able
 # to clone the original structure if it is able to detect the origin changelist
 # of each branch.
-test_expect_success 'git-p4 clone complex branches' '
+test_expect_success 'git p4 clone complex branches' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	test_create_repo "$git" &&
 	(
@@ -275,7 +273,7 @@ test_expect_success 'git-p4 clone complex branches' '
 		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch3 &&
 		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch4 &&
 		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch5 &&
-		"$GITP4" clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
 		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
 		test_path_is_file file1 &&
@@ -306,6 +304,206 @@ test_expect_success 'git-p4 clone complex branches' '
 	)
 '
 
+# Move branch3/file3 to branch4/file3 in a single changelist
+test_expect_success 'git p4 submit to two branches in a single changelist' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 integrate //depot/branch3/file3 //depot/branch4/file3 &&
+		p4 delete //depot/branch3/file3 &&
+		p4 submit -d "Move branch3/file3 to branch4/file3"
+	)
+'
+
+# Confirm that changes to two branches done in a single changelist
+# are correctly imported by git p4
+test_expect_success 'git p4 sync changes to two branches in the same changelist' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.branchList branch1:branch2 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch3 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch4 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch5 &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch3 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch4 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch5 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing .git/git-p4-tmp
+	)
+'
+
+# Create a branch by integrating a single file
+test_expect_success 'git p4 file subset branch' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 integrate //depot/branch1/file1 //depot/branch6/file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "Integrate file1 alone from branch1 to branch6"
+	)
+'
+
+# Check if git p4 creates a new branch containing a single file,
+# instead of keeping the old files from the original branch
+test_expect_failure 'git p4 clone file subset branch' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.branchList branch1:branch2 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch3 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch4 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch5 &&
+		git config --add git-p4.branchList branch1:branch6 &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch3 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3 &&
+		grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch4 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch5 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2 &&
+		test_path_is_file file3 &&
+		! grep update file2 &&
+		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch6 &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing file3
+	)
+'
+
+# From a report in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11893688
+# where --use-client-spec caused branch prefixes not to be removed;
+# every file in git appeared into a subdirectory of the branch name.
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches setup' '
+	rm -rf "$cli" &&
+	mkdir "$cli" &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		client_view "//depot/usecs/... //client/..." &&
+		mkdir b1 &&
+		echo b1/b1-file1 >b1/b1-file1 &&
+		p4 add b1/b1-file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b1/b1-file1" &&
+
+		p4 integrate //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b2/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "b1 -> b2" &&
+		p4 branch -i <<-EOF &&
+		Branch: b2
+		View: //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b2/...
+		EOF
+
+		echo b2/b2-file2 >b2/b2-file2 &&
+		p4 add b2/b2-file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b2/b2-file2"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches files in top-level' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --detect-branches --use-client-spec //depot/usecs@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/usecs/b1 &&
+		test_path_is_file b1-file1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b2-file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b2 &&
+
+		git checkout -b b2 p4/usecs/b2 &&
+		test_path_is_file b1-file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file b2-file2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b1 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b2
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips branches setup' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+
+		p4 integrate //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b3/... &&
+		p4 submit -d "b1 -> b3" &&
+		p4 branch -i <<-EOF &&
+		Branch: b3
+		View: //depot/usecs/b1/... //depot/usecs/b3/...
+		EOF
+
+		echo b3/b3-file3_1 >b3/b3-file3_1 &&
+		echo b3/b3-file3_2 >b3/b3-file3_2 &&
+		p4 add b3/b3-file3_1 &&
+		p4 add b3/b3-file3_2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "b3/b3-file3_1 b3/b3-file3_2"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips branches' '
+	client_view "//depot/usecs/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/usecs/b3/... //client/b3/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --detect-branches --use-client-spec //depot/usecs@all &&
+		test_must_fail git rev-parse refs/remotes/p4/usecs/b3
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use-client-spec detect-branches skips files in branches' '
+	client_view "//depot/usecs/... //client/..." \
+		    "-//depot/usecs/b3/b3-file3_1 //client/b3/b3-file3_1" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_create_repo "$git" &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --detect-branches --use-client-spec //depot/usecs@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/usecs/b3 &&
+		test_path_is_file b1-file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file b3-file3_2 &&
+		test_path_is_missing b3-file3_1
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh b/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
index 992bb8cf0b..66d3fc91a7 100755
--- a/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
+++ b/t/t9802-git-p4-filetype.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 p4 filetype tests'
+test_description='git p4 filetype tests'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -8,6 +8,123 @@ test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
 	start_p4d
 '
 
+#
+# This series of tests checks newline handling  Both p4 and
+# git store newlines as \n, and have options to choose how
+# newlines appear in checked-out files.
+#
+test_expect_success 'p4 client newlines, unix' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		printf "unix\ncrlf\n" >f-unix &&
+		printf "unix\r\ncrlf\r\n" >f-unix-as-crlf &&
+		p4 add -t text f-unix &&
+		p4 submit -d f-unix &&
+
+		# LineEnd: unix; should be no change after sync
+		cp f-unix f-unix-orig &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-orig f-unix &&
+
+		# make sure stored in repo as unix newlines
+		# use sed to eat python-appended newline
+		p4 -G print //depot/f-unix | marshal_dump data 2 |\
+		    sed \$d >f-unix-p4-print &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-orig f-unix-p4-print &&
+
+		# switch to win, make sure lf -> crlf
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:win/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-unix-as-crlf f-unix
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'p4 client newlines, win' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:win/" | p4 client -i &&
+		printf "win\r\ncrlf\r\n" >f-win &&
+		printf "win\ncrlf\n" >f-win-as-lf &&
+		p4 add -t text f-win &&
+		p4 submit -d f-win &&
+
+		# LineEnd: win; should be no change after sync
+		cp f-win f-win-orig &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-win-orig f-win &&
+
+		# make sure stored in repo as unix newlines
+		# use sed to eat python-appened newline
+		p4 -G print //depot/f-win | marshal_dump data 2 |\
+		    sed \$d >f-win-p4-print &&
+		test_cmp f-win-as-lf f-win-p4-print &&
+
+		# switch to unix, make sure lf -> crlf
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f &&
+		test_cmp f-win-as-lf f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'ensure blobs store only lf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+
+		# verify the files in .git are stored only with newlines
+		o=$(git ls-tree p4/master -- f-unix | cut -f1 | cut -d\  -f3) &&
+		git cat-file blob $o >f-unix-blob &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-orig f-unix-blob &&
+
+		o=$(git ls-tree p4/master -- f-win | cut -f1 | cut -d\  -f3) &&
+		git cat-file blob $o >f-win-blob &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-as-lf f-win-blob &&
+
+		rm f-unix-blob f-win-blob
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitattributes setting eol=lf produces lf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# checkout the files and make sure core.eol works as planned
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "* eol=lf" >.gitattributes &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-orig f-unix &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-as-lf f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'gitattributes setting eol=crlf produces crlf newlines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		# checkout the files and make sure core.eol works as planned
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		echo "* eol=crlf" >.gitattributes &&
+		git p4 sync //depot@all &&
+		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-unix-as-crlf f-unix &&
+		test_cmp "$cli"/f-win-orig f-win
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'crlf cleanup' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		rm f-unix-orig f-unix-as-crlf &&
+		rm f-win-orig f-win-as-lf &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		p4 sync -f
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'utf-16 file create' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -37,7 +154,7 @@ test_expect_success 'utf-16 file create' '
 
 test_expect_success 'utf-16 file test' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 
@@ -84,7 +201,7 @@ test_expect_success 'keyword file test' '
 	build_smush &&
 	test_when_finished rm -f k_smush.py ko_smush.py &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 
@@ -94,7 +211,7 @@ test_expect_success 'keyword file test' '
 		"$PYTHON_PATH" "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ko_smush.py" <"$cli/k-text-ko" >cli-k-text-ko-smush &&
 		test_cmp cli-k-text-ko-smush k-text-ko &&
 
-		# utf16, even though p4 expands keywords, git-p4 does not
+		# utf16, even though p4 expands keywords, git p4 does not
 		# try to undo that
 		test_cmp "$cli/k-utf16-k" k-utf16-k &&
 		test_cmp "$cli/k-utf16-ko" k-utf16-ko
@@ -105,12 +222,13 @@ build_gendouble() {
 	cat >gendouble.py <<-\EOF
 	import sys
 	import struct
-	import array
 
-	s = array.array("c", '\0' * 26)
-	struct.pack_into(">L", s,  0, 0x00051607)  # AppleDouble
-	struct.pack_into(">L", s,  4, 0x00020000)  # version 2
-	s.tofile(sys.stdout)
+	s = struct.pack(">LL18s",
+			0x00051607,  # AppleDouble
+			0x00020000,  # version 2
+			""           # pad to 26 bytes
+	)
+	sys.stdout.write(s)
 	EOF
 }
 
@@ -125,13 +243,96 @@ test_expect_success 'ignore apple' '
 		p4 submit -d appledouble
 	) &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		test ! -f double.png
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'create p4 symlink' '
+	cd "$cli" &&
+	ln -s symlink-target symlink &&
+	p4 add symlink &&
+	p4 submit -d "add symlink"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'ensure p4 symlink parsed correctly' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test -L symlink &&
+		test $(readlink symlink) = symlink-target
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'empty symlink target' '
+	(
+		# first create the file as a file
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		>empty-symlink &&
+		p4 add empty-symlink &&
+		p4 submit -d "add empty-symlink as a file"
+	) &&
+	(
+		# now change it to be a symlink to "target1"
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 edit empty-symlink &&
+		p4 reopen -t symlink empty-symlink &&
+		rm empty-symlink &&
+		ln -s target1 empty-symlink &&
+		p4 add empty-symlink &&
+		p4 submit -d "make empty-symlink point to target1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		# Hack the p4 depot to make the symlink point to nothing;
+		# this should not happen in reality, but shows up
+		# in p4 repos in the wild.
+		#
+		# The sed expression changes this:
+		#     @@
+		#     text
+		#     @target1
+		#     @
+		# to this:
+		#     @@
+		#     text
+		#     @@
+		#
+		cd "$db/depot" &&
+		sed "/@target1/{; s/target1/@/; n; d; }" \
+		    empty-symlink,v >empty-symlink,v.tmp &&
+		mv empty-symlink,v.tmp empty-symlink,v
+	) &&
+	(
+		# Make sure symlink really is empty.  Asking
+		# p4 to sync here will make it generate errors.
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 print -q //depot/empty-symlink#2 >out &&
+		test ! -s out
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+
+	# make sure git p4 handles it without error
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+
+	# fix the symlink, make it point to "target2"
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open empty-symlink &&
+		rm empty-symlink &&
+		ln -s target2 empty-symlink &&
+		p4 submit -d "make empty-symlink point to target2"
+	) &&
+	cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test $(readlink empty-symlink) = target2
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9803-git-p4-shell-metachars.sh b/t/t9803-git-p4-shell-metachars.sh
index db670207bd..fbacff34fe 100755
--- a/t/t9803-git-p4-shell-metachars.sh
+++ b/t/t9803-git-p4-shell-metachars.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 transparency to shell metachars in filenames'
+test_description='git p4 transparency to shell metachars in filenames'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test_expect_success 'init depot' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'shell metachars in filenames' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ test_expect_success 'shell metachars in filenames' '
 		echo f2 >"file with spaces" &&
 		git add "file with spaces" &&
 		git commit -m "add files" &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch "$GITP4" submit
+		P4EDITOR=touch git p4 submit
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ test_expect_success 'shell metachars in filenames' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'deleting with shell metachars' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ test_expect_success 'deleting with shell metachars' '
 		git rm foo\$bar &&
 		git rm file\ with\ spaces &&
 		git commit -m "remove files" &&
-		P4EDITOR=touch "$GITP4" submit
+		P4EDITOR=touch git p4 submit
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ test_expect_success 'branch with shell char' '
 		cd "$git" &&
 
 		git config git-p4.branchList main:branch\$3 &&
-		"$GITP4" clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
+		git p4 clone --dest=. --detect-branches //depot@all &&
 		git log --all --graph --decorate --stat &&
 		git reset --hard p4/depot/branch\$3 &&
 		test -f shell_char_branch_file &&
diff --git a/t/t9804-git-p4-label.sh b/t/t9804-git-p4-label.sh
index a9e04efb88..e30f80e617 100755
--- a/t/t9804-git-p4-label.sh
+++ b/t/t9804-git-p4-label.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 p4 label tests'
+test_description='git p4 label tests'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ test_expect_success 'basic p4 labels' '
 
 		p4 labels ... &&
 
-		"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" --detect-labels //depot@all &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" --detect-labels //depot@all &&
 		cd "$git" &&
 
 		git tag &&
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'two labels on the same changelist' '
 
 		p4 labels ... &&
 
-		"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" --detect-labels //depot@all &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" --detect-labels //depot@all &&
 		cd "$git" &&
 
 		git tag | grep tag_f1 &&
diff --git a/t/t9805-git-p4-skip-submit-edit.sh b/t/t9805-git-p4-skip-submit-edit.sh
index df929e0555..89311886db 100755
--- a/t/t9805-git-p4-skip-submit-edit.sh
+++ b/t/t9805-git-p4-skip-submit-edit.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 skipSubmitEdit config variables'
+test_description='git p4 skipSubmitEdit config variables'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -17,35 +17,35 @@ test_expect_success 'init depot' '
 	)
 '
 
-# this works because EDITOR is set to :
+# this works because P4EDITOR is set to true
 test_expect_success 'no config, unedited, say yes' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 2" &&
-		echo y | "$GITP4" submit &&
+		echo y | git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 2 wc
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'no config, unedited, say no' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 3 (not really)" &&
-		printf "bad response\nn\n" | "$GITP4" submit &&
+		printf "bad response\nn\n" | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 2 wc
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'skipSubmitEdit' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -54,21 +54,21 @@ test_expect_success 'skipSubmitEdit' '
 		git config core.editor /bin/false &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 3" &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
+		git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 3 wc
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'skipSubmitEditCheck' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 4" &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
+		git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 4 wc
 	)
@@ -76,22 +76,23 @@ test_expect_success 'skipSubmitEditCheck' '
 
 # check the normal case, where the template really is edited
 test_expect_success 'no config, edited' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	ed="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ed.sh" &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$ed\"" &&
-	cat >"$ed" <<-EOF &&
+	test_when_finished "rm ed.sh" &&
+	cat >ed.sh <<-EOF &&
 		#!$SHELL_PATH
 		sleep 1
 		touch "\$1"
 		exit 0
 	EOF
-	chmod 755 "$ed" &&
+	chmod 755 ed.sh &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo line >>file1 &&
 		git commit -a -m "change 5" &&
-		EDITOR="\"$ed\"" "$GITP4" submit &&
+		P4EDITOR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/ed.sh" &&
+		export P4EDITOR &&
+		git p4 submit &&
 		p4 changes //depot/... >wc &&
 		test_line_count = 5 wc
 	)
diff --git a/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh b/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
index 0571602129..254d428b73 100755
--- a/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
+++ b/t/t9806-git-p4-options.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 options'
+test_description='git p4 options'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -24,25 +24,112 @@ test_expect_success 'init depot' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone no --git-dir' '
-	test_must_fail "$GITP4" clone --git-dir=xx //depot
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone --git-dir=xx //depot
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'clone --branch' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
+test_expect_success 'clone --branch should checkout master' '
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git ls-files >files &&
-		test_line_count = 0 files &&
-		test_path_is_file .git/refs/remotes/p4/sb
+		git rev-parse refs/remotes/p4/sb >sb &&
+		git rev-parse refs/heads/master >master &&
+		test_cmp sb master &&
+		git rev-parse HEAD >head &&
+		test_cmp sb head
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync when no master branch prints a nice error' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot@2 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 sync 2>err &&
+		grep "Error: no branch refs/remotes/p4/master" err
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync --branch builds the full ref name correctly' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+
+		git p4 sync --branch=b1 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/b1 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=p4/b2 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/b2 &&
+
+		git p4 sync --import-local --branch=h1 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/p4/h1 &&
+		git p4 sync --import-local --branch=p4/h2 //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/heads/p4/h2 &&
+
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/stuff //depot &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/stuff
+	)
+'
+
+# engages --detect-branches code, which will do filename filtering so
+# no sync to either b1 or b2
+test_expect_success 'sync when two branches but no master should noop' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/b1 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=refs/remotes/p4/b2 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b1 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b2 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'sync --branch updates specific branch, no detection' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git init &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b1 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 //depot@2 &&
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b1 >show &&
+		grep "Initial import" show &&
+		git show -s --format=%s refs/remotes/p4/b2 >show &&
+		grep "change 3" show
+	)
+'
+
+# allows using the refname "p4" as a short name for p4/master
+test_expect_success 'clone creates HEAD symbolic reference' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/master >master &&
+		git rev-parse --verify p4 >p4 &&
+		test_cmp master p4
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone --branch creates HEAD symbolic reference' '
+	git p4 clone --branch=refs/remotes/p4/sb --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rev-parse --verify refs/remotes/p4/sb >sb &&
+		git rev-parse --verify p4 >p4 &&
+		test_cmp sb p4
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone --changesfile' '
-	cf="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cf" &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$cf\"" &&
-	printf "1\n3\n" >"$cf" &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --changesfile="$cf" --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished "rm cf" &&
+	printf "1\n3\n" >cf &&
+	git p4 clone --changesfile="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cf" --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -55,17 +142,16 @@ test_expect_success 'clone --changesfile' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone --changesfile, @all' '
-	cf="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cf" &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$cf\"" &&
-	printf "1\n3\n" >"$cf" &&
-	test_must_fail "$GITP4" clone --changesfile="$cf" --dest="$git" //depot@all
+	test_when_finished "rm cf" &&
+	printf "1\n3\n" >cf &&
+	test_must_fail git p4 clone --changesfile="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cf" --dest="$git" //depot@all
 '
 
 # imports both master and p4/master in refs/heads
 # requires --import-local on sync to find p4 refs/heads
 # does not update master on sync, just p4/master
 test_expect_success 'clone/sync --import-local' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --import-local --dest="$git" //depot@1,2 &&
+	git p4 clone --import-local --dest="$git" //depot@1,2 &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -73,9 +159,9 @@ test_expect_success 'clone/sync --import-local' '
 		test_line_count = 2 lines &&
 		git log --oneline refs/heads/p4/master >lines &&
 		test_line_count = 2 lines &&
-		test_must_fail "$GITP4" sync &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 sync &&
 
-		"$GITP4" sync --import-local &&
+		git p4 sync --import-local &&
 		git log --oneline refs/heads/master >lines &&
 		test_line_count = 2 lines &&
 		git log --oneline refs/heads/p4/master >lines &&
@@ -84,7 +170,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone/sync --import-local' '
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'clone --max-changes' '
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" --max-changes 2 //depot@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --max-changes 2 //depot@all &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -101,7 +187,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone --keep-path' '
 		p4 add sub/dir/f4 &&
 		p4 submit -d "change 4"
 	) &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" --keep-path //depot/sub/dir@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" --keep-path //depot/sub/dir@all &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
@@ -109,7 +195,7 @@ test_expect_success 'clone --keep-path' '
 		test_path_is_file sub/dir/f4
 	) &&
 	cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub/dir@all &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/sub/dir@all &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		test_path_is_file f4 &&
@@ -126,40 +212,60 @@ test_expect_success 'clone --use-client-spec' '
 	(
 		# big usage message
 		exec >/dev/null &&
-		test_must_fail "$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec
+		test_must_fail git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec
 	) &&
+	# build a different client
 	cli2="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli2" &&
 	mkdir -p "$cli2" &&
 	test_when_finished "rmdir \"$cli2\"" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
-		cd "$cli2" &&
-		p4 client -i <<-EOF
-		Client: client2
-		Description: client2
-		Root: $cli2
-		View: //depot/sub/... //client2/bus/...
-		EOF
-	) &&
-	P4CLIENT=client2 &&
+		# group P4CLIENT and cli changes in a sub-shell
+		P4CLIENT=client2 &&
+		cli="$cli2" &&
+		client_view "//depot/sub/... //client2/bus/..." &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec //depot/... &&
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing file1
+		) &&
+		cleanup_git &&
+		# same thing again, this time with variable instead of option
+		(
+			cd "$git" &&
+			git init &&
+			git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
+			git p4 sync //depot/... &&
+			git checkout -b master p4/master &&
+			test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
+			test_path_is_missing file1
+		)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit works with no p4/master' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" --use-client-spec //depot/... &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=b1 //depot@1,2 --destination="$git" &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
-		test_path_is_missing file1
-	) &&
-	cleanup_git &&
+		test_commit submit-1-branch &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --branch=b1
+	)
+'
 
-	# same thing again, this time with variable instead of option
-	mkdir "$git" &&
+# The sync/rebase part post-submit will engage detect-branches
+# machinery which will not do anything in this particular test.
+test_expect_success 'submit works with two branches' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --branch=b1 //depot@1,2 --destination="$git" &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		git init &&
-		git config git-p4.useClientSpec true &&
-		"$GITP4" sync //depot/... &&
-		git checkout -b master p4/master &&
-		test_path_is_file bus/dir/f4 &&
-		test_path_is_missing file1
+		git p4 sync --branch=b2 //depot@1,3 &&
+		test_commit submit-2-branches &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh b/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
index b1f61e3db5..1f74a88385 100755
--- a/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
+++ b/t/t9807-git-p4-submit.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 submit'
+test_description='git p4 submit'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -17,9 +17,19 @@ test_expect_success 'init depot' '
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'is_cli_file_writeable function' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo a >a &&
+		is_cli_file_writeable a &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file1 &&
+		rm a
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submit with no client dir' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo file2 >file2 &&
@@ -27,64 +37,382 @@ test_expect_success 'submit with no client dir' '
 		git commit -m "git commit 2" &&
 		rm -rf "$cli" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_path_is_file file2
 	)
 '
 
 # make two commits, but tell it to apply only from HEAD^
 test_expect_success 'submit --origin' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		test_commit "file3" &&
 		test_commit "file4" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit --origin=HEAD^
+		git p4 submit --origin=HEAD^
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 sync &&
 		test_path_is_missing "file3.t" &&
 		test_path_is_file "file4.t"
 	)
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'submit --dry-run' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit "dry-run1" &&
+		test_commit "dry-run2" &&
+		git p4 submit --dry-run >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Would apply" out
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "dry-run1.t" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "dry-run2.t"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit --dry-run --export-labels' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo dry-run1 >dry-run1 &&
+		git add dry-run1 &&
+		git commit -m "dry-run1" dry-run1 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		echo dry-run2 >dry-run2 &&
+		git add dry-run2 &&
+		git commit -m "dry-run2" dry-run2 &&
+		git tag -m "dry-run-tag1" dry-run-tag1 HEAD^ &&
+		git p4 submit --dry-run --export-labels >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Would create p4 label" out
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file "dry-run1" &&
+		test_path_is_missing "dry-run2"
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'submit with allowSubmit' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		test_commit "file5" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.allowSubmit "nobranch" &&
-		test_must_fail "$GITP4" submit &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 submit &&
 		git config git-p4.allowSubmit "nobranch,master" &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 submit
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'submit with master branch name from argv' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		test_commit "file6" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		test_must_fail "$GITP4" submit nobranch &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 submit nobranch &&
 		git branch otherbranch &&
 		git reset --hard HEAD^ &&
 		test_commit "file7" &&
-		"$GITP4" submit otherbranch
+		git p4 submit otherbranch
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 sync &&
 		test_path_is_file "file6.t" &&
 		test_path_is_missing "file7.t"
 	)
 '
 
+#
+# Basic submit tests, the five handled cases
+#
+
+test_expect_success 'submit modify' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		echo line >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m file1 &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file file1 &&
+		test_line_count = 2 file1
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit add' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		echo file13 >file13 &&
+		git add file13 &&
+		git commit -m file13 &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file file13
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit delete' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git rm file4.t &&
+		git commit -m "delete file4.t" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing file4.t
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit copy' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		cp file5.t file5.ta &&
+		git add file5.ta &&
+		git commit -m "copy to file5.ta" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file file5.ta &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file5.ta
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit rename' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git mv file6.t file6.ta &&
+		git commit -m "rename file6.t to file6.ta" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing file6.t &&
+		test_path_is_file file6.ta &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable file6.ta
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Converting git commit message to p4 change description, including
+# parsing out the optional Jobs: line.
+#
+test_expect_success 'simple one-line description' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc2 >desc2 &&
+		git add desc2 &&
+		cat >msg <<-EOF &&
+		One-line description line for desc2.
+		EOF
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		test_cmp msg pmsg
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'description with odd formatting' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc3 >desc3 &&
+		git add desc3 &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Description:\n\tBogus description marker\n\n" &&
+			# git commit eats trailing newlines; only use one
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus descs marker\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		test_cmp msg pmsg
+	)
+'
+
+make_job() {
+	name="$1" &&
+	tab="$(printf \\t)" &&
+	p4 job -o | \
+	sed -e "/^Job:/s/.*/Job: $name/" \
+	    -e "/^Description/{ n; s/.*/$tab job text/; }" | \
+	p4 job -i
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'description with Jobs section at end' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc4 >desc4 &&
+		git add desc4 &&
+		echo 6060842 >jobname &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus files marker\n" &&
+			printf "Junk: 3164175\n" &&
+			printf "Jobs: $(cat jobname)\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# build a job
+		make_job $(cat jobname) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		# make sure Jobs line and all following is gone
+		sed "/^Jobs:/,\$d" msg >jmsg &&
+		test_cmp jmsg pmsg &&
+		# make sure p4 knows about job
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump job0 >job0 &&
+		test_cmp jobname job0
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'description with Jobs and values on separate lines' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc5 >desc5 &&
+		git add desc5 &&
+		echo PROJ-6060842 >jobname1 &&
+		echo PROJ-6060847 >jobname2 &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus files marker\n" &&
+			printf "Junk: 3164175\n" &&
+			printf "Jobs:\n" &&
+			printf "\t$(cat jobname1)\n" &&
+			printf "\t$(cat jobname2)\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# build two jobs
+		make_job $(cat jobname1) &&
+		make_job $(cat jobname2) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		change=$(p4 -G changes -m 1 //depot/... | \
+			 marshal_dump change) &&
+		# marshal_dump always adds a newline
+		p4 -G describe $change | marshal_dump desc | sed \$d >pmsg &&
+		# make sure Jobs line and all following is gone
+		sed "/^Jobs:/,\$d" msg >jmsg &&
+		test_cmp jmsg pmsg &&
+		# make sure p4 knows about the two jobs
+		p4 -G describe $change >change &&
+		(
+			marshal_dump job0 <change &&
+			marshal_dump job1 <change
+		) | sort >jobs &&
+		cat jobname1 jobname2 | sort >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected jobs
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'description with Jobs section and bogus following text' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo desc6 >desc6 &&
+		git add desc6 &&
+		echo 6060843 >jobname &&
+		(
+			printf "subject line\n\n\tExtra tab\nline.\n\n" &&
+			printf "Files:\n\tBogus files marker\n" &&
+			printf "Junk: 3164175\n" &&
+			printf "Jobs: $(cat jobname)\n" &&
+			printf "MoreJunk: 3711\n"
+		) >msg &&
+		git commit -F - <msg &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# build a job
+		make_job $(cat jobname) &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 submit 2>err &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Unknown field name" err
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 revert desc6 &&
+		rm desc6
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'submit --prepare-p4-only' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo prep-only-add >prep-only-add &&
+		git add prep-only-add &&
+		git commit -m "prep only add" &&
+		git p4 submit --prepare-p4-only >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "prepared for submission" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "must be deleted" out &&
+		test_i18ngrep ! "everything below this line is just the diff" out
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file prep-only-add &&
+		p4 fstat -T action prep-only-add | grep -w add
+	)
+'
+
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh b/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
index f0022839c7..11d2b5102c 100755
--- a/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
+++ b/t/t9808-git-p4-chdir.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 relative chdir'
+test_description='git p4 relative chdir'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -21,24 +21,65 @@ test_expect_success 'init depot' '
 # environment variable is set
 test_expect_success 'P4CONFIG and absolute dir clone' '
 	printf "P4PORT=$P4PORT\nP4CLIENT=$P4CLIENT\n" >p4config &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/p4config\"" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm p4config" &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		P4CONFIG=p4config && export P4CONFIG &&
 		sane_unset P4PORT P4CLIENT &&
-		"$GITP4" clone --verbose --dest="$git" //depot
+		git p4 clone --verbose --dest="$git" //depot
 	)
 '
 
 # same thing, but with relative directory name, note missing $ on --dest
 test_expect_success 'P4CONFIG and relative dir clone' '
 	printf "P4PORT=$P4PORT\nP4CLIENT=$P4CLIENT\n" >p4config &&
-	test_when_finished "rm \"$TRASH_DIRECTORY/p4config\"" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm p4config" &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		P4CONFIG=p4config && export P4CONFIG &&
 		sane_unset P4PORT P4CLIENT &&
-		"$GITP4" clone --verbose --dest="git" //depot
+		git p4 clone --verbose --dest="git" //depot
+	)
+'
+
+# Common setup using .p4config to set P4CLIENT and P4PORT breaks
+# if clone destination is relative.  Make sure that chdir() expands
+# the relative path in --dest to absolute.
+test_expect_success 'p4 client root would be relative due to clone --dest' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		echo P4PORT=$P4PORT >git/.p4config &&
+		P4CONFIG=.p4config &&
+		export P4CONFIG &&
+		unset P4PORT &&
+		git p4 clone --dest="git" //depot
+	)
+'
+
+# When the p4 client Root is a symlink, make sure chdir() does not use
+# getcwd() to convert it to a physical path.
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'p4 client root symlink should stay symbolic' '
+	physical="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/physical" &&
+	symbolic="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/symbolic" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf \"$physical\"" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm \"$symbolic\"" &&
+	mkdir -p "$physical" &&
+	ln -s "$physical" "$symbolic" &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		P4CLIENT=client-sym &&
+		p4 client -i <<-EOF &&
+		Client: $P4CLIENT
+		Description: $P4CLIENT
+		Root: $symbolic
+		LineEnd: unix
+		View: //depot/... //$P4CLIENT/...
+		EOF
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_commit file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
 	)
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh b/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
index 773a516ff0..897b3c3034 100755
--- a/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
+++ b/t/t9809-git-p4-client-view.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 client view'
+test_description='git p4 client view'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -9,23 +9,6 @@ test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
 '
 
 #
-# Construct a client with this list of View lines
-#
-client_view() {
-	(
-		cat <<-EOF &&
-		Client: client
-		Description: client
-		Root: $cli
-		View:
-		EOF
-		for arg ; do
-			printf "\t$arg\n"
-		done
-	) | p4 client -i
-}
-
-#
 # Verify these files exist, exactly.  Caller creates
 # a list of files in file "files".
 #
@@ -93,28 +76,28 @@ test_expect_success 'init depot' '
 '
 
 # double % for printf
-test_expect_success 'unsupported view wildcard %%n' '
+test_expect_success 'view wildcard %%n' '
 	client_view "//depot/%%%%1/sub/... //client/sub/%%%%1/..." &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	test_must_fail "$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'unsupported view wildcard *' '
+test_expect_success 'view wildcard *' '
 	client_view "//depot/*/bar/... //client/*/bar/..." &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	test_must_fail "$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'wildcard ... only supported at end of spec 1' '
+test_expect_success 'wildcard ... in the middle' '
 	client_view "//depot/.../file11 //client/.../file11" &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	test_must_fail "$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
 '
 
-test_expect_success 'wildcard ... only supported at end of spec 2' '
+test_expect_success 'wildcard ... in the middle and at the end' '
 	client_view "//depot/.../a/... //client/.../a/..." &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	test_must_fail "$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'basic map' '
@@ -122,7 +105,7 @@ test_expect_success 'basic map' '
 	files="cli1/file11 cli1/file12" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -130,7 +113,7 @@ test_expect_success 'client view with no mappings' '
 	client_view &&
 	client_verify &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify
 '
 
@@ -139,7 +122,7 @@ test_expect_success 'single file map' '
 	files="file11" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -150,7 +133,7 @@ test_expect_success 'later mapping takes precedence (entire repo)' '
 	       cli2/dir2/file21 cli2/dir2/file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -160,7 +143,7 @@ test_expect_success 'later mapping takes precedence (partial repo)' '
 	files="file21 file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -176,7 +159,7 @@ test_expect_success 'depot path matching rejected client path' '
 	files="cli12/file21 cli12/file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -187,7 +170,7 @@ test_expect_success 'exclusion wildcard, client rhs same (odd)' '
 		    "-//depot/dir2/... //client/..." &&
 	client_verify &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify
 '
 
@@ -197,7 +180,7 @@ test_expect_success 'exclusion wildcard, client rhs different (normal)' '
 	files="dir1/file11 dir1/file12" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -207,17 +190,17 @@ test_expect_success 'exclusion single file' '
 	files="dir1/file11 dir1/file12 dir2/file21" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'overlay wildcard' '
 	client_view "//depot/dir1/... //client/cli/..." \
-		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/cli/...\n" &&
+		    "+//depot/dir2/... //client/cli/..." &&
 	files="cli/file11 cli/file12 cli/file21 cli/file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -227,7 +210,7 @@ test_expect_success 'overlay single file' '
 	files="cli/file11 cli/file12 cli/file21" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -238,7 +221,7 @@ test_expect_success 'exclusion with later inclusion' '
 	files="dir1/file11 dir1/file12 dir2incl/file21 dir2incl/file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -246,7 +229,7 @@ test_expect_success 'quotes on rhs only' '
 	client_view "//depot/dir1/... \"//client/cdir 1/...\"" &&
 	client_verify "cdir 1/file11" "cdir 1/file12" &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify "cdir 1/file11" "cdir 1/file12"
 '
 
@@ -258,7 +241,7 @@ test_expect_success 'quotes on rhs only' '
 test_expect_success 'clone --use-client-spec sets useClientSpec' '
 	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config --bool git-p4.useClientSpec >actual &&
@@ -273,7 +256,7 @@ test_expect_success 'subdir clone' '
 	files="dir1/file11 dir1/file12 dir2/file21 dir2/file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
 	git_verify dir1/file11 dir1/file12
 '
 
@@ -283,14 +266,14 @@ test_expect_success 'subdir clone' '
 test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit modify' '
 	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		echo line >>dir1/file12 &&
 		git add dir1/file12 &&
 		git commit -m dir1/file12 &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 submit
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -302,14 +285,14 @@ test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit modify' '
 test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit add' '
 	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		echo file13 >dir1/file13 &&
 		git add dir1/file13 &&
 		git commit -m dir1/file13 &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 submit
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -320,13 +303,13 @@ test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit add' '
 test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit delete' '
 	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git rm dir1/file12 &&
 		git commit -m "delete dir1/file12" &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 submit
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -337,7 +320,7 @@ test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit delete' '
 test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit copy' '
 	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
@@ -345,37 +328,77 @@ test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit copy' '
 		cp dir1/file11 dir1/file11a &&
 		git add dir1/file11a &&
 		git commit -m "copy to dir1/file11a" &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 submit
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
-		test_path_is_file dir1/file11a
+		test_path_is_file dir1/file11a &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable dir1/file11a
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'subdir clone, submit rename' '
 	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
 		git mv dir1/file13 dir1/file13a &&
 		git commit -m "rename dir1/file13 to dir1/file13a" &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 submit
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		test_path_is_missing dir1/file13 &&
-		test_path_is_file dir1/file13a
+		test_path_is_file dir1/file13a &&
+		! is_cli_file_writeable dir1/file13a
+	)
+'
+
+# see t9800 for the non-client-spec case, and the rest of the wildcard tests
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, client-spec case' '
+	client_view "//depot/... //client/..." &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot/dir1 &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo git-wild-hash >dir1/git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo git-wild-star >dir1/git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo git-wild-at >dir1/git-wild@at &&
+		echo git-wild-percent >dir1/git-wild%percent &&
+		git add dir1/git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "add some wildcard filenames" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_file dir1/git-wild%percent
+	) &&
+	(
+		# delete these carefully, cannot just do "p4 delete"
+		# on files with wildcards; but git-p4 knows how
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm dir1/git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "clean up the wildcards" &&
+		git p4 submit
 	)
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'reinit depot' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 sync -f &&
 		rm files &&
 		p4 delete */* &&
 		p4 submit -d "delete all files" &&
@@ -419,7 +442,7 @@ test_expect_success 'overlay collision 1 to 2' '
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_cmp actual "$cli"/filecollide &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files &&
 	test_cmp actual "$git"/filecollide
 '
@@ -432,7 +455,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'overlay collision 2 to 1' '
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_cmp actual "$cli"/filecollide &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files &&
 	test_cmp actual "$git"/filecollide
 '
@@ -454,7 +477,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'overlay collision 1 to 2, but 2 deleted' '
 	files="file11 file12 file21 file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -477,7 +500,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'overlay collision 1 to 2, but 2 deleted, then 1 updated' '
 	files="file11 file12 file21 file22" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -533,7 +556,7 @@ test_expect_success 'overlay sync: initial git checkout' '
 	echo dir1/colA >actual &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colA &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files &&
 	test_cmp actual "$git"/colA
 '
@@ -558,7 +581,7 @@ test_expect_success 'overlay sync: colA content switch' '
 	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colA &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		"$GITP4" sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
 		git merge --ff-only p4/master
 	) &&
 	git_verify $files &&
@@ -585,7 +608,7 @@ test_expect_success 'overlay sync: colB appears' '
 	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colB &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		"$GITP4" sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
 		git merge --ff-only p4/master
 	) &&
 	git_verify $files &&
@@ -613,7 +636,7 @@ test_expect_success 'overlay sync: colB disappears' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		"$GITP4" sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
 		git merge --ff-only p4/master
 	) &&
 	git_verify $files
@@ -671,7 +694,7 @@ test_expect_success 'overlay sync swap: initial git checkout' '
 	echo dir1/colA >actual &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colA &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify $files &&
 	test_cmp actual "$git"/colA
 '
@@ -696,7 +719,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'overlay sync swap: colA no content switch' '
 	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colA &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		"$GITP4" sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
 		git merge --ff-only p4/master
 	) &&
 	git_verify $files &&
@@ -723,7 +746,7 @@ test_expect_success 'overlay sync swap: colB appears' '
 	test_cmp actual "$cli"/colB &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		"$GITP4" sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
 		git merge --ff-only p4/master
 	) &&
 	git_verify $files &&
@@ -753,7 +776,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'overlay sync swap: colB no change' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
-		"$GITP4" sync --use-client-spec &&
+		git p4 sync --use-client-spec &&
 		git merge --ff-only p4/master
 	) &&
 	git_verify $files &&
@@ -801,7 +824,7 @@ test_expect_success 'quotes on lhs only' '
 	files="cdir1/file11 cdir1/file12" &&
 	client_verify $files &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	client_verify $files
 '
 
@@ -809,7 +832,7 @@ test_expect_success 'quotes on both sides' '
 	client_view "\"//depot/dir 1/...\" \"//client/cdir 1/...\"" &&
 	client_verify "cdir 1/file11" "cdir 1/file12" &&
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --use-client-spec --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	git_verify "cdir 1/file11" "cdir 1/file12"
 '
 
diff --git a/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh b/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
index 49dfde0616..8134ab439b 100755
--- a/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
+++ b/t/t9810-git-p4-rcs.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-test_description='git-p4 rcs keywords'
+test_description='git p4 rcs keywords'
 
 . ./lib-git-p4.sh
 
@@ -26,10 +26,8 @@ test_expect_success 'init depot' '
 		line7
 		line8
 		EOF
-		cp filek fileko &&
-		sed -i "s/Revision/Revision: do not scrub me/" fileko
-		cp fileko file_text &&
-		sed -i "s/Id/Id: do not scrub me/" file_text
+		sed "s/Revision/Revision: do not scrub me/" <filek >fileko &&
+		sed "s/Id/Id: do not scrub me/" <fileko >file_text &&
 		p4 add -t text+k filek &&
 		p4 submit -d "filek" &&
 		p4 add -t text+ko fileko &&
@@ -84,13 +82,14 @@ scrub_ko_check () {
 #
 test_expect_success 'edit far away from RCS lines' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line7/line7 edit/" filek &&
+		sed "s/^line7/line7 edit/" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek line7 edit" filek &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
+		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
 	)
 '
@@ -100,14 +99,15 @@ test_expect_success 'edit far away from RCS lines' '
 #
 test_expect_success 'edit near RCS lines' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" filek &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek line4 edit" filek &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
+		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
 	)
 '
@@ -117,14 +117,15 @@ test_expect_success 'edit near RCS lines' '
 #
 test_expect_success 'edit keyword lines' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "/Revision/d" filek &&
+		sed "/Revision/d" <filek >filek.tmp &&
+		mv -f filek.tmp filek &&
 		git commit -m "filek remove Revision line" filek &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
+		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_k_check filek
 	)
 '
@@ -134,20 +135,21 @@ test_expect_success 'edit keyword lines' '
 #
 test_expect_success 'scrub ko files differently' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" fileko &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <fileko >fileko.tmp &&
+		mv -f fileko.tmp fileko &&
 		git commit -m "fileko line4 edit" fileko &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
+		git p4 submit &&
 		scrub_ko_check fileko &&
 		! scrub_k_check fileko
 	)
 '
 
-# hack; git-p4 submit should do it on its own
+# hack; git p4 submit should do it on its own
 test_expect_success 'cleanup after failure' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -155,45 +157,60 @@ test_expect_success 'cleanup after failure' '
 	)
 '
 
+# perl $File:: bug check
+test_expect_success 'ktext expansion should not expand multi-line $File::' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		cat >lv.pm <<-\EOF
+		my $wanted = sub { my $f = $File::Find::name;
+				    if ( -f && $f =~ /foo/ ) {
+		EOF
+		p4 add -t ktext lv.pm &&
+		p4 submit -d "lv.pm"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_cmp "$cli/lv.pm" lv.pm
+	)
+'
+
 #
 # Do not scrub anything but +k or +ko files.  Sneak a change into
 # the cli file so that submit will get a conflict.  Make sure that
 # scrubbing doesn't make a mess of things.
 #
-# Assumes that git-p4 exits leaving the p4 file open, with the
-# conflict-generating patch unapplied.
-#
 # This might happen only if the git repo is behind the p4 repo at
 # submit time, and there is a conflict.
 #
 test_expect_success 'do not scrub plain text' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		sed -i "s/^line4/line4 edit/" file_text &&
+		sed "s/^line4/line4 edit/" <file_text >file_text.tmp &&
+		mv -f file_text.tmp file_text &&
 		git commit -m "file_text line4 edit" file_text &&
 		(
 			cd "$cli" &&
 			p4 open file_text &&
-			sed -i "s/^line5/line5 p4 edit/" file_text &&
+			sed "s/^line5/line5 p4 edit/" <file_text >file_text.tmp &&
+			mv -f file_text.tmp file_text &&
 			p4 submit -d "file5 p4 edit"
 		) &&
-		! "$GITP4" submit &&
+		echo s | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
 		(
-			# exepct something like:
-			#    file_text - file(s) not opened on this client
-			# but not copious diff output
+			# make sure the file is not left open
 			cd "$cli" &&
-			p4 diff file_text >wc &&
-			test_line_count = 1 wc
+			! p4 fstat -T action file_text
 		)
 	)
 '
 
-# hack; git-p4 submit should do it on its own
+# hack; git p4 submit should do it on its own
 test_expect_success 'cleanup after failure 2' '
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -239,12 +256,12 @@ p4_append_to_file () {
 # even though the change itself would otherwise apply cleanly.
 test_expect_success 'cope with rcs keyword expansion damage' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		(cd ../cli && p4_append_to_file kwfile1.c) &&
+		(cd "$cli" && p4_append_to_file kwfile1.c) &&
 		old_lines=$(wc -l <kwfile1.c) &&
 		perl -n -i -e "print unless m/Revision:/" kwfile1.c &&
 		new_lines=$(wc -l <kwfile1.c) &&
@@ -252,10 +269,10 @@ test_expect_success 'cope with rcs keyword expansion damage' '
 
 		git add kwfile1.c &&
 		git commit -m "Zap an RCS kw line" &&
-		"$GITP4" submit &&
-		"$GITP4" rebase &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		git p4 rebase &&
 		git diff p4/master &&
-		"$GITP4" commit &&
+		git p4 commit &&
 		echo "try modifying in both" &&
 		cd "$cli" &&
 		p4 edit kwfile1.c &&
@@ -265,8 +282,8 @@ test_expect_success 'cope with rcs keyword expansion damage' '
 		echo "line from git at the top" | cat - kwfile1.c >kwfile1.c.new &&
 		mv kwfile1.c.new kwfile1.c &&
 		git commit -m "Add line in git at the top" kwfile1.c &&
-		"$GITP4" rebase &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 rebase &&
+		git p4 submit
 	)
 '
 
@@ -280,7 +297,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cope with rcs keyword file deletion' '
 		cat kwdelfile.c &&
 		grep 1 kwdelfile.c
 	) &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		grep Revision kwdelfile.c &&
@@ -288,7 +305,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cope with rcs keyword file deletion' '
 		git commit -m "Delete a file containing RCS keywords" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 submit
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -301,7 +318,7 @@ test_expect_success 'cope with rcs keyword file deletion' '
 # work fine without any special handling.
 test_expect_success 'Add keywords in git which match the default p4 values' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo "NewKW: \$Revision\$" >>kwfile1.c &&
@@ -309,7 +326,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Add keywords in git which match the default p4 values' '
 		git commit -m "Adding RCS keywords in git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 submit
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -325,7 +342,7 @@ test_expect_success 'Add keywords in git which match the default p4 values' '
 #
 test_expect_failure 'Add keywords in git which do not match the default p4 values' '
 	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
 	(
 		cd "$git" &&
 		echo "NewKW2: \$Revision:1\$" >>kwfile1.c &&
@@ -333,7 +350,7 @@ test_expect_failure 'Add keywords in git which do not match the default p4 value
 		git commit -m "Adding RCS keywords in git" &&
 		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
 		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		"$GITP4" submit
+		git p4 submit
 	) &&
 	(
 		cd "$cli" &&
@@ -343,44 +360,6 @@ test_expect_failure 'Add keywords in git which do not match the default p4 value
 	)
 '
 
-# Check that the existing merge conflict handling still works.
-# Modify kwfile1.c in git, and delete in p4. We should be able
-# to skip the git commit.
-#
-test_expect_success 'merge conflict handling still works' '
-	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		echo "Hello:\$Id\$" >merge2.c &&
-		echo "World" >>merge2.c &&
-		p4 add -t ktext merge2.c &&
-		p4 submit -d "add merge test file"
-	) &&
-	"$GITP4" clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		sed -e "/Hello/d" merge2.c >merge2.c.tmp &&
-		mv merge2.c.tmp merge2.c &&
-		git add merge2.c &&
-		git commit -m "Modifying merge2.c"
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$cli" &&
-		p4 delete merge2.c &&
-		p4 submit -d "remove merge test file"
-	) &&
-	(
-		cd "$git" &&
-		test -f merge2.c &&
-		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
-		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
-		!(echo "s" | "$GITP4" submit) &&
-		git rebase --skip &&
-		! test -f merge2.c
-	)
-'
-
-
 test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
 	kill_p4d
 '
diff --git a/t/t9811-git-p4-label-import.sh b/t/t9811-git-p4-label-import.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..095238fffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9811-git-p4-label-import.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 label tests'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+# Basic p4 label import tests.
+#
+test_expect_success 'basic p4 labels' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p main &&
+
+		echo f1 >main/f1 &&
+		p4 add main/f1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f1" &&
+
+		echo f2 >main/f2 &&
+		p4 add main/f2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f2" &&
+
+		echo f3 >main/file_with_\$metachar &&
+		p4 add main/file_with_\$metachar &&
+		p4 submit -d "file with metachar" &&
+
+		p4 tag -l TAG_F1_ONLY main/f1 &&
+		p4 tag -l TAG_WITH\$_SHELL_CHAR main/... &&
+		p4 tag -l this_tag_will_be\ skipped main/... &&
+
+		echo f4 >main/f4 &&
+		p4 add main/f4 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f4" &&
+
+		p4 label -i <<-EOF &&
+		Label: TAG_LONG_LABEL
+		Description:
+		   A Label first line
+		   A Label second line
+		View:	//depot/...
+		EOF
+
+		p4 tag -l TAG_LONG_LABEL ... &&
+
+		p4 labels ... &&
+
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.labelImportRegexp ".*TAG.*" &&
+		git p4 sync --import-labels --verbose &&
+
+		git tag &&
+		git tag >taglist &&
+		test_line_count = 3 taglist &&
+
+		cd main &&
+		git checkout TAG_F1_ONLY &&
+		! test -f f2 &&
+		git checkout TAG_WITH\$_SHELL_CHAR &&
+		test -f f1 && test -f f2 && test -f file_with_\$metachar &&
+
+		git show TAG_LONG_LABEL | grep -q "A Label second line"
+	)
+'
+# Test some label corner cases:
+#
+# - two tags on the same file; both should be available
+# - a tag that is only on one file; this kind of tag
+#   cannot be imported (at least not easily).
+
+test_expect_success 'two labels on the same changelist' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p main &&
+
+		p4 edit main/f1 main/f2 &&
+		echo "hello world" >main/f1 &&
+		echo "not in the tag" >main/f2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "main/f[12]: testing two labels" &&
+
+		p4 tag -l TAG_F1_1 main/... &&
+		p4 tag -l TAG_F1_2 main/... &&
+
+		p4 labels ... &&
+
+		git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --import-labels &&
+
+		git tag | grep TAG_F1 &&
+		git tag | grep -q TAG_F1_1 &&
+		git tag | grep -q TAG_F1_2 &&
+
+		cd main &&
+
+		git checkout TAG_F1_1 &&
+		ls &&
+		test -f f1 &&
+
+		git checkout TAG_F1_2 &&
+		ls &&
+		test -f f1
+	)
+'
+
+# Export some git tags to p4
+test_expect_success 'export git tags to p4' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git tag -m "A tag created in git:xyzzy" GIT_TAG_1 &&
+		echo "hello world" >main/f10 &&
+		git add main/f10 &&
+		git commit -m "Adding file for export test" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		git tag -m "Another git tag" GIT_TAG_2 &&
+		git tag LIGHTWEIGHT_TAG &&
+		git p4 rebase --import-labels --verbose &&
+		git p4 submit --export-labels --verbose
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync ... &&
+		p4 labels ... | grep GIT_TAG_1 &&
+		p4 labels ... | grep GIT_TAG_2 &&
+		p4 labels ... | grep LIGHTWEIGHT_TAG &&
+		p4 label -o GIT_TAG_1 | grep "tag created in git:xyzzy" &&
+		p4 sync ...@GIT_TAG_1 &&
+		! test -f main/f10
+		p4 sync ...@GIT_TAG_2 &&
+		test -f main/f10
+	)
+'
+
+# Export a tag from git where an affected file is deleted later on
+# Need to create git tags after rebase, since only then can the
+# git commits be mapped to p4 changelists.
+test_expect_success 'export git tags to p4 with deletion' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync --import-labels &&
+		echo "deleted file" >main/deleted_file &&
+		git add main/deleted_file &&
+		git commit -m "create deleted file" &&
+		git rm main/deleted_file &&
+		echo "new file" >main/f11 &&
+		git add main/f11 &&
+		git commit -m "delete the deleted file" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		git p4 rebase --import-labels --verbose &&
+		git tag -m "tag on deleted file" GIT_TAG_ON_DELETED HEAD~1 &&
+		git tag -m "tag after deletion" GIT_TAG_AFTER_DELETION HEAD &&
+		git p4 submit --export-labels --verbose
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync ... &&
+		p4 sync ...@GIT_TAG_ON_DELETED &&
+		test -f main/deleted_file &&
+		p4 sync ...@GIT_TAG_AFTER_DELETION &&
+		! test -f main/deleted_file &&
+		echo "checking label contents" &&
+		p4 label -o GIT_TAG_ON_DELETED | grep "tag on deleted file"
+	)
+'
+
+# Create a tag in git that cannot be exported to p4
+test_expect_success 'tag that cannot be exported' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git checkout -b a_branch &&
+		echo "hello" >main/f12 &&
+		git add main/f12 &&
+		git commit -m "adding f12" &&
+		git tag -m "tag on a_branch" GIT_TAG_ON_A_BRANCH &&
+		git checkout master &&
+		git p4 submit --export-labels
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 sync ... &&
+		!(p4 labels | grep GIT_TAG_ON_A_BRANCH)
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'use git config to enable import/export of tags' '
+	git p4 clone --verbose --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.exportLabels true &&
+		git config git-p4.importLabels true &&
+		git tag CFG_A_GIT_TAG &&
+		git p4 rebase --verbose &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose &&
+		git tag &&
+		git tag | grep TAG_F1_1
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 labels &&
+		p4 labels | grep CFG_A_GIT_TAG
+	)
+'
+
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh b/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0206771fbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9812-git-p4-wildcards.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 wildcards'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'add p4 files with wildcards in the names' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		printf "file2\nhas\nsome\nrandom\ntext\n" >file2 &&
+		p4 add file2 &&
+		echo file-wild-hash >file-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo file-wild-star >file-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo file-wild-at >file-wild@at &&
+		echo file-wild-percent >file-wild%percent &&
+		p4 add -f file-wild* &&
+		p4 submit -d "file wildcards"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files git p4 clone' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test -f file-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			test -f file-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test -f file-wild@at &&
+		test -f file-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, add' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo git-wild-hash >git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo git-wild-star >git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo git-wild-at >git-wild@at &&
+		echo git-wild-percent >git-wild%percent &&
+		git add git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "add some wildcard filenames" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_file git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, modify' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo new-line >>git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			echo new-line >>git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		echo new-line >>git-wild@at &&
+		echo new-line >>git-wild%percent &&
+		git add git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "modify the wildcard files" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_line_count = 2 git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_line_count = 2 git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_line_count = 2 git-wild@at &&
+		test_line_count = 2 git-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, copy' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp file2 git-wild-cp#hash &&
+		git add git-wild-cp#hash &&
+		cp git-wild#hash file-wild-3 &&
+		git add file-wild-3 &&
+		git commit -m "wildcard copies" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild-cp#hash &&
+		test_path_is_file file-wild-3
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, rename' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv git-wild@at file-wild-4 &&
+		git mv file-wild-3 git-wild-cp%percent &&
+		git commit -m "wildcard renames" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_file git-wild-cp%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files submit back to p4, delete' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm git-wild* &&
+		git commit -m "delete the wildcard files" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild#hash &&
+		if test_have_prereq !MINGW,!CYGWIN
+		then
+			test_path_is_missing git-wild\*star
+		fi &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild@at &&
+		test_path_is_missing git-wild%percent
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'p4 deleted a wildcard file' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo "wild delete test" >wild@delete &&
+		p4 add -f wild@delete &&
+		p4 submit -d "add wild@delete"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_path_is_file wild@delete
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# must use its encoded name
+		p4 delete wild%40delete &&
+		p4 submit -d "delete wild@delete"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync &&
+		git merge --ff-only p4/master &&
+		test_path_is_missing wild@delete
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'wildcard files requiring keyword scrub' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		cat <<-\EOF >scrub@wild &&
+		$Id$
+		line2
+		EOF
+		p4 add -t text+k -f scrub@wild &&
+		p4 submit -d "scrub at wild"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.attemptRCSCleanup true &&
+		sed "s/^line2/line2 edit/" <scrub@wild >scrub@wild.tmp &&
+		mv -f scrub@wild.tmp scrub@wild &&
+		git commit -m "scrub at wild line2 edit" scrub@wild &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9813-git-p4-preserve-users.sh b/t/t9813-git-p4-preserve-users.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..166b840bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9813-git-p4-preserve-users.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 preserve users'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create files' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		echo file2 >file2 &&
+		p4 add file1 file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "add files"
+	)
+'
+
+p4_grant_admin() {
+	name=$1 &&
+	{
+		p4 protect -o &&
+		echo "    admin user $name * //depot/..."
+	} | p4 protect -i
+}
+
+p4_check_commit_author() {
+	file=$1 user=$2 &&
+	p4 changes -m 1 //depot/$file | grep -q $user
+}
+
+make_change_by_user() {
+	file=$1 name=$2 email=$3 &&
+	echo "username: a change by $name" >>"$file" &&
+	git add "$file" &&
+	git commit --author "$name <$email>" -m "a change by $name"
+}
+
+# Test username support, submitting as user 'alice'
+test_expect_success 'preserve users' '
+	p4_add_user alice &&
+	p4_add_user bob &&
+	p4_grant_admin alice &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo "username: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
+		echo "username: a change by bob" >>file2 &&
+		git commit --author "Alice <alice@example.com>" -m "a change by alice" file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Bob <bob@example.com>" -m "a change by bob" file2 &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
+		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice &&
+		p4_check_commit_author file2 bob
+	)
+'
+
+# Test username support, submitting as bob, who lacks admin rights. Should
+# not submit change to p4 (git diff should show deltas).
+test_expect_success 'refuse to preserve users without perms' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		echo "username-noperms: a change by alice" >>file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Alice <alice@example.com>" -m "perms: a change by alice" file1 &&
+		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=bob P4PASSWD=secret &&
+		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
+		! git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master
+	)
+'
+
+# What happens with unknown author? Without allowMissingP4Users it should fail.
+test_expect_success 'preserve user where author is unknown to p4' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		echo "username-bob: a change by bob" >>file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Bob <bob@example.com>" -m "preserve: a change by bob" file1 &&
+		echo "username-unknown: a change by charlie" >>file1 &&
+		git commit --author "Charlie <charlie@example.com>" -m "preserve: a change by charlie" file1 &&
+		P4EDITOR=touch P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
+		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
+		test_must_fail git p4 commit --preserve-user &&
+		! git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
+
+		echo "$0: repeat with allowMissingP4Users enabled" &&
+		git config git-p4.allowMissingP4Users true &&
+		git config git-p4.preserveUser true &&
+		git p4 commit &&
+		git diff --exit-code HEAD..p4/master &&
+		p4_check_commit_author file1 alice
+	)
+'
+
+# If we're *not* using --preserve-user, git-p4 should warn if we're submitting
+# changes that are not all ours.
+# Test: user in p4 and user unknown to p4.
+# Test: warning disabled and user is the same.
+test_expect_success 'not preserving user with mixed authorship' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEditCheck true &&
+		p4_add_user derek &&
+
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Derek derek@example.com &&
+		P4EDITOR=cat P4USER=alice P4PASSWD=secret &&
+		export P4EDITOR P4USER P4PASSWD &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		grep "git author derek@example.com does not match" &&
+
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@example.com &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		grep "git author charlie@example.com does not match" &&
+
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 alice alice@example.com &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
+
+		git config git-p4.skipUserNameCheck true &&
+		make_change_by_user usernamefile3 Charlie charlie@example.com &&
+		git p4 commit |\
+		test_must_fail grep "git author.*does not match" &&
+
+		p4_check_commit_author usernamefile3 alice
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh b/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..95f4421f71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9814-git-p4-rename.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 rename'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+# We rely on this behavior to detect for p4 move availability.
+test_expect_success 'p4 help unknown returns 1' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		(
+			p4 help client >errs 2>&1
+			echo $? >retval
+		)
+		echo 0 >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected retval &&
+		rm retval &&
+		(
+			p4 help nosuchcommand >errs 2>&1
+			echo $? >retval
+		)
+		echo 1 >expected &&
+		test_cmp expected retval &&
+		rm retval
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'create files' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		cat >file1 <<-EOF &&
+		A large block of text
+		in file1 that will generate
+		enough context so that rename
+		and copy detection will find
+		something interesting to do.
+		EOF
+		cat >file2 <<-EOF &&
+		/*
+		 * This blob looks a bit
+		 * different.
+		 */
+		int main(int argc, char **argv)
+		{
+			char text[200];
+
+			strcpy(text, "copy/rename this");
+			printf("text is %s\n", text);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		EOF
+		p4 add file1 file2 &&
+		p4 submit -d "add files"
+	)
+'
+
+# Rename a file and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
+# Rename the new file again with detectRenames option enabled and confirm that
+# this is detected in P4.
+# Rename the new file again adding an extra line, configure a big threshold in
+# detectRenames and confirm that rename is not detected in P4.
+# Repeat, this time with a smaller threshold and confirm that the rename is
+# detected in P4.
+test_expect_success 'detect renames' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+
+		git mv file1 file4 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file1 to file4" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file4 >filelog &&
+		! grep " from //depot" filelog &&
+
+		git mv file4 file5 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file4 to file5" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file5 >filelog &&
+		grep " from //depot/file4" filelog &&
+
+		git mv file5 file6 &&
+		echo update >>file6 &&
+		git add file6 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file5 to file6 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level + 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file6 >filelog &&
+		! grep " from //depot" filelog &&
+
+		git mv file6 file7 &&
+		echo update >>file7 &&
+		git add file7 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Rename file6 to file7 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/R0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames $(($level - 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file7 >filelog &&
+		grep " from //depot/file6" filelog
+	)
+'
+
+# Copy a file and confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
+# Copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy is not
+# detected in P4.
+# Modify and copy a file with detectCopies option enabled and confirm that copy
+# is detected in P4.
+# Copy a file with detectCopies and detectCopiesHarder options enabled and
+# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
+# Modify and copy a file, configure a bigger threshold in detectCopies and
+# confirm that copy is not detected in P4.
+# Modify and copy a file, configure a smaller threshold in detectCopies and
+# confirm that copy is detected in P4.
+test_expect_success 'detect copies' '
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot@all &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+
+		cp file2 file8 &&
+		git add file8 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file8" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file8 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file8 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
+
+		cp file2 file9 &&
+		git add file9 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file9" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file9 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file9 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
+
+		echo "file2" >>file2 &&
+		cp file2 file10 &&
+		git add file2 file10 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Modify and copy file2 to file10" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C HEAD &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file10 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file10 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file" &&
+
+		cp file2 file11 &&
+		git add file11 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file11" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
+		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
+		test "$src" = file10 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file11 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file11 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file" &&
+
+		cp file2 file12 &&
+		echo "some text" >>file12 &&
+		git add file12 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file12 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 0 && test "$level" -lt 98 &&
+		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
+		case "$src" in
+		file10 | file11) : ;; # happy
+		*) false ;; # not
+		&&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level + 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file12 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file12 | test_must_fail grep -q "branch from" &&
+
+		cp file2 file13 &&
+		echo "different text" >>file13 &&
+		git add file13 &&
+		git commit -a -m "Copy file2 to file13 with changes" &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD &&
+		level=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f1 | cut -d" " -f5 | sed "s/C0*//") &&
+		test -n "$level" && test "$level" -gt 2 && test "$level" -lt 100 &&
+		src=$(git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | sed 1d | cut -f2) &&
+		case "$src" in
+		file10 | file11 | file12) : ;; # happy
+		*) false ;; # not
+		&&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies $(($level - 2)) &&
+		git p4 submit &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file13 &&
+		p4 filelog //depot/file13 | grep -q "branch from //depot/file"
+	)
+'
+
+# See if configurables can be set, and in particular if the run.move.allow
+# variable exists, which allows admins to disable the "p4 move" command.
+test_expect_success 'p4 configure command and run.move.allow are available' '
+	p4 configure show run.move.allow >out ; retval=$? &&
+	test $retval = 0 &&
+	{
+		egrep ^run.move.allow: out &&
+		test_set_prereq P4D_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE_RUN_MOVE_ALLOW ||
+		true
+	} || true
+'
+
+# If move can be disabled, turn it off and test p4 move handling
+test_expect_success P4D_HAVE_CONFIGURABLE_RUN_MOVE_ALLOW \
+		    'do not use p4 move when administratively disabled' '
+	test_when_finished "p4 configure set run.move.allow=1" &&
+	p4 configure set run.move.allow=0 &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo move-disallow-file >move-disallow-file &&
+		p4 add move-disallow-file &&
+		p4 submit -d "add move-disallow-file"
+	) &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git mv move-disallow-file move-disallow-file-moved &&
+		git commit -m "move move-disallow-file" &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh b/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4cff6a760f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9815-git-p4-submit-fail.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 submit failure handling'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 client -o | sed "/LineEnd/s/:.*/:unix/" | p4 client -i &&
+		echo line1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line1 in file1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on one commit' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line2 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line2 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		# now this commit should cause a conflict
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		echo line3 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line3 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "No commits applied" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on second of two commits' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line3 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line3 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this commit is okay
+		test_commit "first_commit_okay" &&
+		# now this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line4 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line4 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Applied only the commits" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, skip' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line4 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line4 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line5 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line5 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_skip" &&
+		echo s | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Applied only the commits" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, quit' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line7 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line7 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line8 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line8 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_quit" &&
+		echo q | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "No commits applied" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict cli and config options' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 submit --conflict=ask &&
+		git p4 submit --conflict=skip &&
+		git p4 submit --conflict=quit &&
+		test_expect_code 2 git p4 submit --conflict=foo &&
+		test_expect_code 2 git p4 submit --conflict &&
+		git config git-p4.conflict foo &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
+		git config --unset git-p4.conflict &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, --conflict=skip' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line9 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line9 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line10 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line10 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_auto_skip" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit --conflict=skip >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "Applied only the commits" out
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'conflict on first of two commits, --conflict=quit' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo line11 >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "line11 in file1"
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# this submit should cause a conflict
+		echo line12 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line12 in file1 will conflict" &&
+		# but this commit is okay
+		test_commit "okay_commit_after_auto_quit" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit --conflict=quit >out &&
+		test_i18ngrep "No commits applied" out
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Cleanup after submit fail, all cases.  Some modifications happen
+# before trying to apply the patch.  Make sure these are unwound
+# properly.  Put each one in a diff along with something that will
+# obviously conflict.  Make sure it is back to normal after.
+#
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup edit p4 populate' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo text file >text &&
+		p4 add text &&
+		echo text+x file >text+x &&
+		chmod 755 text+x &&
+		p4 add text+x &&
+		p4 submit -d "populate p4"
+	)
+'
+
+setup_conflict() {
+	# clone before modifying file1 to force it to conflict
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	# ticks outside subshells
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 open file1 &&
+		echo $test_tick >>file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "$test_tick in file1"
+	) &&
+	test_tick &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		# easy conflict
+		echo $test_tick >>file1 &&
+		git add file1
+		# caller will add more and submit
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup edit after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo another line >>text &&
+		git add text &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# make sure it is not open
+		! p4 fstat -T action text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup add after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo new file >textnew &&
+		git add textnew &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# make sure it is not there
+		# and that p4 thinks it is not added
+		#   P4 returns 0 both for "not there but added" and
+		#   "not there", so grep.
+		test_path_is_missing textnew &&
+		p4 fstat -T action textnew 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup delete after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm text+x &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		# make sure it is there
+		test_path_is_file text+x &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text+x
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup copy after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp text text2 &&
+		git add text2 &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		# make sure setup is okay
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | grep text2 | grep C100 &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup rename after submit fail' '
+	setup_conflict &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv text text2 &&
+		git commit -m "conflict" &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		# make sure setup is okay
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | grep text2 | grep R100 &&
+		test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+#
+# Cleanup after deciding not to submit during editTemplate.  This
+# involves unwinding more work, because files have been added, deleted
+# and chmod-ed now.  Same approach as above.
+#
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup edit after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line >>text &&
+		git add text &&
+		git commit -m text &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit &&
+		git reset --hard HEAD^
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text &&
+		test_cmp "$git"/text text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup add after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line >textnew &&
+		git add textnew &&
+		git commit -m textnew &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing textnew &&
+		p4 fstat -T action textnew 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup delete after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm text &&
+		git commit -m "rm text" &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file text &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup copy after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp text text2 &&
+		git add text2 &&
+		git commit -m text2 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopiesHarder true &&
+		git diff-tree -r -C --find-copies-harder HEAD | grep text2 | grep C100 &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup rename after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv text text2 &&
+		git commit -m text2 &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git diff-tree -r -M HEAD | grep text2 | grep R100 &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_missing text2 &&
+		p4 fstat -T action text2 2>&1 | grep "no such file"
+		test_path_is_file text &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'cleanup chmod after submit cancel' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_chmod +x text &&
+		test_chmod -x text+x &&
+		git add text text+x &&
+		git commit -m "chmod texts" &&
+		echo n | test_expect_code 1 git p4 submit
+	) &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		test_path_is_file text &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text &&
+		test_path_is_file text+x &&
+		! p4 fstat -T action text+x &&
+		if test_have_prereq !CYGWIN
+		then
+			stat --format=%A text | egrep ^-r-- &&
+			stat --format=%A text+x | egrep ^-r-x
+		fi
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9816-git-p4-locked.sh b/t/t9816-git-p4-locked.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..e71e543343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9816-git-p4-locked.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 locked file behavior'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+# See
+# http://www.perforce.com/perforce/doc.current/manuals/p4sag/03_superuser.html#1088563
+# for suggestions on how to configure "sitewide pessimistic locking"
+# where only one person can have a file open for edit at a time.
+test_expect_success 'init depot' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		echo "TypeMap: +l //depot/..." | p4 typemap -i &&
+		echo file1 >file1 &&
+		p4 add file1 &&
+		p4 submit -d "add file1"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'edit with lock not taken' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line2 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line2 in file1" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'add with lock not taken' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line1 >>add-lock-not-taken &&
+		git add file2 &&
+		git commit -m "add add-lock-not-taken" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+lock_in_another_client() {
+	# build a different client
+	cli2="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/cli2" &&
+	mkdir -p "$cli2" &&
+	test_when_finished "p4 client -f -d client2 && rm -rf \"$cli2\"" &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli2" &&
+		P4CLIENT=client2 &&
+		cli="$cli2" &&
+		client_view "//depot/... //client2/..." &&
+		p4 sync &&
+		p4 open file1
+	)
+}
+
+test_expect_failure 'edit with lock taken' '
+	lock_in_another_client &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_when_finished "cd \"$cli\" && p4 sync -f file1" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		echo line3 >>file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "line3 in file1" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'delete with lock taken' '
+	lock_in_another_client &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_when_finished "cd \"$cli\" && p4 sync -f file1" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git rm file1 &&
+		git commit -m "delete file1" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'chmod with lock taken' '
+	lock_in_another_client &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_when_finished "cd \"$cli\" && p4 sync -f file1" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		chmod +x file1 &&
+		git add file1 &&
+		git commit -m "chmod +x file1" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'copy with lock taken' '
+	lock_in_another_client &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_when_finished "cd \"$cli\" && p4 revert file2 && rm -f file2" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		cp file1 file2 &&
+		git add file2 &&
+		git commit -m "cp file1 to file2" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectCopies true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'move with lock taken' '
+	lock_in_another_client &&
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	test_when_finished "cd \"$cli\" && p4 sync file1 && rm -f file2" &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git mv file1 file2 &&
+		git commit -m "mv file1 to file2" &&
+		git config git-p4.skipSubmitEdit true &&
+		git config git-p4.detectRenames true &&
+		git p4 submit --verbose
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9817-git-p4-exclude.sh b/t/t9817-git-p4-exclude.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..aac568eadf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9817-git-p4-exclude.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+test_description='git p4 tests for excluded paths during clone and sync'
+
+. ./lib-git-p4.sh
+
+test_expect_success 'start p4d' '
+	start_p4d
+'
+
+# Create a repo with the structure:
+#
+#    //depot/wanted/foo
+#    //depot/discard/foo
+#
+# Check that we can exclude a subdirectory with both
+# clone and sync operations.
+
+test_expect_success 'create exclude repo' '
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		mkdir -p wanted discard &&
+		echo wanted >wanted/foo &&
+		echo discard >discard/foo &&
+		p4 add wanted/foo discard/foo &&
+		p4 submit -d "initial revision"
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'check the repo was created correctly' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone --dest="$git" //depot/...@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_path_is_file wanted/foo &&
+		test_path_is_file discard/foo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone, excluding part of repo' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone -//depot/discard/... --dest="$git" //depot/...@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$git" &&
+		test_path_is_file wanted/foo &&
+		test_path_is_missing discard/foo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'clone, then sync with exclude' '
+	test_when_finished cleanup_git &&
+	git p4 clone -//depot/discard/... --dest="$git" //depot/...@all &&
+	(
+		cd "$cli" &&
+		p4 edit wanted/foo discard/foo &&
+		date >>wanted/foo &&
+		date >>discard/foo &&
+		p4 submit -d "updating" &&
+
+		cd "$git" &&
+		git p4 sync -//depot/discard/... &&
+		test_path_is_file wanted/foo &&
+		test_path_is_missing discard/foo
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'kill p4d' '
+	kill_p4d
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9902-completion.sh b/t/t9902-completion.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4a14a5892e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9902-completion.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 Felipe Contreras
+#
+
+test_description='test bash completion'
+
+. ./lib-bash.sh
+
+complete ()
+{
+	# do nothing
+	return 0
+}
+
+# Be careful when updating this list:
+#
+# (1) The build tree may have build artifact from different branch, or
+#     the user's $PATH may have a random executable that may begin
+#     with "git-check" that are not part of the subcommands this build
+#     will ship, e.g.  "check-ignore".  The tests for completion for
+#     subcommand names tests how "check" is expanded; we limit the
+#     possible candidates to "checkout" and "check-attr" to make sure
+#     "check-attr", which is known by the filter function as a
+#     subcommand to be thrown out, while excluding other random files
+#     that happen to begin with "check" to avoid letting them get in
+#     the way.
+#
+# (2) A test makes sure that common subcommands are included in the
+#     completion for "git <TAB>", and a plumbing is excluded.  "add",
+#     "filter-branch" and "ls-files" are listed for this.
+
+GIT_TESTING_COMMAND_COMPLETION='add checkout check-attr filter-branch ls-files'
+
+. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash"
+
+# We don't need this function to actually join words or do anything special.
+# Also, it's cleaner to avoid touching bash's internal completion variables.
+# So let's override it with a minimal version for testing purposes.
+_get_comp_words_by_ref ()
+{
+	while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+		case "$1" in
+		cur)
+			cur=${_words[_cword]}
+			;;
+		prev)
+			prev=${_words[_cword-1]}
+			;;
+		words)
+			words=("${_words[@]}")
+			;;
+		cword)
+			cword=$_cword
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done
+}
+
+print_comp ()
+{
+	local IFS=$'\n'
+	echo "${COMPREPLY[*]}" > out
+}
+
+run_completion ()
+{
+	local -a COMPREPLY _words
+	local _cword
+	_words=( $1 )
+	test "${1: -1}" = ' ' && _words[${#_words[@]}+1]=''
+	(( _cword = ${#_words[@]} - 1 ))
+	__git_wrap__git_main && print_comp
+}
+
+# Test high-level completion
+# Arguments are:
+# 1: typed text so far (cur)
+# 2: expected completion
+test_completion ()
+{
+	if test $# -gt 1
+	then
+		printf '%s\n' "$2" >expected
+	else
+		sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected
+	fi &&
+	run_completion "$1" &&
+	test_cmp expected out
+}
+
+# Test __gitcomp.
+# The first argument is the typed text so far (cur); the rest are
+# passed to __gitcomp.  Expected output comes is read from the
+# standard input, like test_completion().
+test_gitcomp ()
+{
+	local -a COMPREPLY &&
+	sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected &&
+	cur="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	__gitcomp "$@" &&
+	print_comp &&
+	test_cmp expected out
+}
+
+# Test __gitcomp_nl
+# Arguments are:
+# 1: current word (cur)
+# -: the rest are passed to __gitcomp_nl
+test_gitcomp_nl ()
+{
+	local -a COMPREPLY &&
+	sed -e 's/Z$//' >expected &&
+	cur="$1" &&
+	shift &&
+	__gitcomp_nl "$@" &&
+	print_comp &&
+	test_cmp expected out
+}
+
+invalid_variable_name='${foo.bar}'
+
+actual="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/actual"
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for __gitdir tests' '
+	mkdir -p subdir/subsubdir &&
+	git init otherrepo
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - from command line (through $__git_dir)' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		__git_dir="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - repo as argument' '
+	echo "otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	__gitdir "otherrepo" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - remote as argument' '
+	echo "remote" >expected &&
+	__gitdir "remote" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - .git directory in cwd' '
+	echo ".git" >expected &&
+	__gitdir >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - .git directory in parent' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - cwd is a .git directory' '
+	echo "." >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - parent is a .git directory' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git/refs/heads &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in cwd' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - $GIT_DIR set while .git directory in parent' '
+	echo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/otherrepo/.git" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		cd subdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - non-existing $GIT_DIR' '
+	(
+		GIT_DIR="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/non-existing" &&
+		export GIT_DIR &&
+		test_must_fail __gitdir
+	)
+'
+
+function pwd_P_W () {
+	if test_have_prereq MINGW
+	then
+		pwd -W
+	else
+		pwd -P
+	fi
+}
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - gitfile in cwd' '
+	echo "$(pwd_P_W)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd_P_W)/otherrepo/.git" >subdir/.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
+	(
+		cd subdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - gitfile in parent' '
+	echo "$(pwd_P_W)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	echo "gitdir: $(pwd_P_W)/otherrepo/.git" >subdir/.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f subdir/.git" &&
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS '__gitdir - resulting path avoids symlinks' '
+	echo "$(pwd -P)/otherrepo/.git" >expected &&
+	mkdir otherrepo/dir &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf otherrepo/dir" &&
+	ln -s otherrepo/dir link &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -f link" &&
+	(
+		cd link &&
+		__gitdir >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitdir - not a git repository' '
+	(
+		cd subdir/subsubdir &&
+		GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES="$TRASH_DIRECTORY" &&
+		export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
+		test_must_fail __gitdir
+	)
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - trailing space - options' '
+	test_gitcomp "--re" "--dry-run --reuse-message= --reedit-message=
+		--reset-author" <<-EOF
+	--reuse-message=Z
+	--reedit-message=Z
+	--reset-author Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - trailing space - config keys' '
+	test_gitcomp "br" "branch. branch.autosetupmerge
+		branch.autosetuprebase browser." <<-\EOF
+	branch.Z
+	branch.autosetupmerge Z
+	branch.autosetuprebase Z
+	browser.Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - option parameter' '
+	test_gitcomp "--strategy=re" "octopus ours recursive resolve subtree" \
+		"" "re" <<-\EOF
+	recursive Z
+	resolve Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - prefix' '
+	test_gitcomp "branch.me" "remote merge mergeoptions rebase" \
+		"branch.maint." "me" <<-\EOF
+	branch.maint.merge Z
+	branch.maint.mergeoptions Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp "branch.me" "master maint next pu" "branch." \
+		"ma" "." <<-\EOF
+	branch.master.Z
+	branch.maint.Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp - doesnt fail because of invalid variable name' '
+	__gitcomp "$invalid_variable_name"
+'
+
+read -r -d "" refs <<-\EOF
+maint
+master
+next
+pu
+EOF
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - trailing space' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "m" "$refs" <<-EOF
+	maint Z
+	master Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - prefix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "--fixup=m" "$refs" "--fixup=" "m" <<-EOF
+	--fixup=maint Z
+	--fixup=master Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "branch.ma" "$refs" "branch." "ma" "." <<-\EOF
+	branch.maint.Z
+	branch.master.Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - no suffix' '
+	test_gitcomp_nl "ma" "$refs" "" "ma" "" <<-\EOF
+	maintZ
+	masterZ
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__gitcomp_nl - doesnt fail because of invalid variable name' '
+	__gitcomp_nl "$invalid_variable_name"
+'
+
+test_expect_success '__git_remotes - list remotes from $GIT_DIR/remotes and from config file' '
+	cat >expect <<-EOF &&
+	remote_from_file_1
+	remote_from_file_2
+	remote_in_config_1
+	remote_in_config_2
+	EOF
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf .git/remotes" &&
+	mkdir -p .git/remotes &&
+	>.git/remotes/remote_from_file_1 &&
+	>.git/remotes/remote_from_file_2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove remote_in_config_1" &&
+	git remote add remote_in_config_1 git://remote_1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git remote remove remote_in_config_2" &&
+	git remote add remote_in_config_2 git://remote_2 &&
+	__git_remotes >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'basic' '
+	run_completion "git " &&
+	# built-in
+	grep -q "^add \$" out &&
+	# script
+	grep -q "^filter-branch \$" out &&
+	# plumbing
+	! grep -q "^ls-files \$" out &&
+
+	run_completion "git f" &&
+	! grep -q -v "^f" out
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'double dash "git" itself' '
+	test_completion "git --" <<-\EOF
+	--paginate Z
+	--no-pager Z
+	--git-dir=
+	--bare Z
+	--version Z
+	--exec-path Z
+	--exec-path=
+	--html-path Z
+	--man-path Z
+	--info-path Z
+	--work-tree=
+	--namespace=
+	--no-replace-objects Z
+	--help Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'double dash "git checkout"' '
+	test_completion "git checkout --" <<-\EOF
+	--quiet Z
+	--ours Z
+	--theirs Z
+	--track Z
+	--no-track Z
+	--merge Z
+	--conflict=
+	--orphan Z
+	--patch Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'general options' '
+	test_completion "git --ver" "--version " &&
+	test_completion "git --hel" "--help " &&
+	test_completion "git --exe" <<-\EOF &&
+	--exec-path Z
+	--exec-path=
+	EOF
+	test_completion "git --htm" "--html-path " &&
+	test_completion "git --pag" "--paginate " &&
+	test_completion "git --no-p" "--no-pager " &&
+	test_completion "git --git" "--git-dir=" &&
+	test_completion "git --wor" "--work-tree=" &&
+	test_completion "git --nam" "--namespace=" &&
+	test_completion "git --bar" "--bare " &&
+	test_completion "git --inf" "--info-path " &&
+	test_completion "git --no-r" "--no-replace-objects "
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'general options plus command' '
+	test_completion "git --version check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --paginate check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --git-dir=foo check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --bare check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --exec-path=foo check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --html-path check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --no-pager check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --work-tree=foo check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --namespace=foo check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --paginate check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --info-path check" "checkout " &&
+	test_completion "git --no-replace-objects check" "checkout "
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'git --help completion' '
+	test_completion "git --help ad" "add " &&
+	test_completion "git --help core" "core-tutorial "
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for ref completion' '
+	echo content >file1 &&
+	echo more >file2 &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m one &&
+	git branch mybranch &&
+	git tag mytag
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'checkout completes ref names' '
+	test_completion "git checkout m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'show completes all refs' '
+	test_completion "git show m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success '<ref>: completes paths' '
+	test_completion "git show mytag:f" <<-\EOF
+	file1 Z
+	file2 Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'complete tree filename with spaces' '
+	echo content >"name with spaces" &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m spaces &&
+	test_completion "git show HEAD:nam" <<-\EOF
+	name with spaces Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'complete tree filename with metacharacters' '
+	echo content >"name with \${meta}" &&
+	git add . &&
+	git commit -m meta &&
+	test_completion "git show HEAD:nam" <<-\EOF
+	name with ${meta} Z
+	name with spaces Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'send-email' '
+	test_completion "git send-email --cov" "--cover-letter " &&
+	test_completion "git send-email ma" "master "
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'complete files' '
+	git init tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	echo "expected" > .gitignore &&
+	echo "out" >> .gitignore &&
+
+	git add .gitignore &&
+	test_completion "git commit " ".gitignore" &&
+
+	git commit -m ignore &&
+
+	touch new &&
+	test_completion "git add " "new" &&
+
+	git add new &&
+	git commit -a -m new &&
+	test_completion "git add " "" &&
+
+	git mv new modified &&
+	echo modify > modified &&
+	test_completion "git add " "modified" &&
+
+	touch untracked &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git rm " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	test_completion "git clean " "untracked" &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git mv " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	mkdir dir &&
+	touch dir/file-in-dir &&
+	git add dir/file-in-dir &&
+	git commit -m dir &&
+
+	mkdir untracked-dir &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git mv modified " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	dir
+	modified
+	untracked
+	untracked-dir
+	EOF
+
+	test_completion "git commit " "modified" &&
+
+	: TODO .gitignore should not be here &&
+	test_completion "git ls-files " <<-\EOF &&
+	.gitignore
+	dir
+	modified
+	EOF
+
+	touch momified &&
+	test_completion "git add mom" "momified"
+'
+
+test_expect_success "completion uses <cmd> completion for alias: !sh -c 'git <cmd> ...'" '
+	test_config alias.co "!sh -c '"'"'git checkout ...'"'"'" &&
+	test_completion "git co m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'completion uses <cmd> completion for alias: !f () { VAR=val git <cmd> ... }' '
+	test_config alias.co "!f () { VAR=val git checkout ... ; } f" &&
+	test_completion "git co m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'completion used <cmd> completion for alias: !f() { : git <cmd> ; ... }' '
+	test_config alias.co "!f() { : git checkout ; if ... } f" &&
+	test_completion "git co m" <<-\EOF
+	master Z
+	mybranch Z
+	mytag Z
+	EOF
+'
+
+test_expect_failure 'complete with tilde expansion' '
+	git init tmp && cd tmp &&
+	test_when_finished "cd .. && rm -rf tmp" &&
+
+	touch ~/tmp/file &&
+
+	test_completion "git add ~/tmp/" "~/tmp/file"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh b/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..49d58e6726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/t9903-bash-prompt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2012 SZEDER Gábor
+#
+
+test_description='test git-specific bash prompt functions'
+
+. ./lib-bash.sh
+
+. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR/contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh"
+
+actual="$TRASH_DIRECTORY/actual"
+c_red='\\[\\e[31m\\]'
+c_green='\\[\\e[32m\\]'
+c_lblue='\\[\\e[1;34m\\]'
+c_clear='\\[\\e[0m\\]'
+
+test_expect_success 'setup for prompt tests' '
+	git init otherrepo &&
+	echo 1 >file &&
+	git add file &&
+	test_tick &&
+	git commit -m initial &&
+	git tag -a -m msg1 t1 &&
+	git checkout -b b1 &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git commit -m "second b1" file &&
+	echo 3 >file &&
+	git commit -m "third b1" file &&
+	git tag -a -m msg2 t2 &&
+	git checkout -b b2 master &&
+	echo 0 >file &&
+	git commit -m "second b2" file &&
+	echo 00 >file &&
+	git commit -m "another b2" file &&
+	echo 000 >file &&
+	git commit -m "yet another b2" file &&
+	mkdir ignored_dir &&
+	echo "ignored_dir/" >>.gitignore &&
+	git checkout master
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - branch name' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success SYMLINKS 'prompt - branch name - symlink symref' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_config core.preferSymlinkRefs true &&
+	git checkout master &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - unborn branch' '
+	printf " (unborn)" >expected &&
+	git checkout --orphan unborn &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+repo_with_newline='repo
+with
+newline'
+
+if mkdir "$repo_with_newline" 2>/dev/null
+then
+	test_set_prereq FUNNYNAMES
+else
+	say 'Your filesystem does not allow newlines in filenames.'
+fi
+
+test_expect_success FUNNYNAMES 'prompt - with newline in path' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	git init "$repo_with_newline" &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf \"$repo_with_newline\"" &&
+	mkdir "$repo_with_newline"/subdir &&
+	(
+		cd "$repo_with_newline/subdir" &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - detached head' '
+	printf " ((%s...))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" --abbrev=13 b1^) >expected &&
+	test_config core.abbrev 13 &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - contains' '
+	printf " ((t2~1))" >expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=contains &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - branch' '
+	printf " ((b1~1))" >expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=branch &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - describe' '
+	printf " ((t1-1-g%s))" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) >expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_DESCRIBE_STYLE=describe &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - describe detached head - default' '
+	printf " ((t2))" >expected &&
+	git checkout --detach b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - deep inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd .git/refs/heads &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - inside bare repository' '
+	printf " (BARE:master)" >expected &&
+	git init --bare bare.git &&
+	test_when_finished "rm -rf bare.git" &&
+	(
+		cd bare.git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - interactive rebase' '
+	printf " (b1|REBASE-i 2/3)" >expected &&
+	write_script fake_editor.sh <<-\EOF &&
+		echo "exec echo" >"$1"
+		echo "edit $(git log -1 --format="%h")" >>"$1"
+		echo "exec echo" >>"$1"
+	EOF
+	test_when_finished "rm -f fake_editor.sh" &&
+	test_set_editor "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/fake_editor.sh" &&
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	git rebase -i HEAD^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort"
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - rebase merge' '
+	printf " (b2|REBASE-m 1/3)" >expected &&
+	git checkout b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase --merge b1 b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - rebase' '
+	printf " (b2|REBASE 1/3)" >expected &&
+	git checkout b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_must_fail git rebase b1 b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git rebase --abort" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - merge' '
+	printf " (b1|MERGING)" >expected &&
+	git checkout b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	test_must_fail git merge b2 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - cherry-pick' '
+	printf " (master|CHERRY-PICKING)" >expected &&
+	test_must_fail git cherry-pick b1 &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bisect' '
+	printf " (master|BISECTING)" >expected &&
+	git bisect start &&
+	test_when_finished "git bisect reset" &&
+	__git_ps1 >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - clean' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty worktree' '
+	printf " (master *)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty index' '
+	printf " (master +)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - dirty index and worktree' '
+	printf " (master *+)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty index" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	echo "dirty worktree" >file &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - before root commit' '
+	printf " (master #)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable unset with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState false &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable unset with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState true &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable set with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState false &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - shell variable set with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master *)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	test_config bash.showDirtyState true &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - dirty status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - no stash' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - stash' '
+	printf " (master $)" >expected &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	git pack-refs --all &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - stash status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - no untracked files' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - untracked files' '
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - untracked files outside cwd' '
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
+	(
+		mkdir -p ignored_dir &&
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable unset with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles false &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable unset with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles true &&
+	(
+		sane_unset GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable set with config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles false &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - shell variable set with config enabled' '
+	printf " (master %%)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.showUntrackedFiles true &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - untracked files status indicator - not shown inside .git directory' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - format string starting with dash' '
+	printf -- "-master" >expected &&
+	__git_ps1 "-%s" >"$actual" &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (\${__git_ps1_branch_name}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	printf "" >expected_output &&
+	(
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" >"$actual" &&
+		test_cmp expected_output "$actual" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - branch name' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" >"$actual"
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - detached head' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_red}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear}):AFTER\\n(%s...)" $(git log -1 --format="%h" b1^) >expected &&
+	git checkout b1^ &&
+	test_when_finished "git checkout master" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty worktree' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_red}*${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty index' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_green}+${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - dirty index and worktree' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_red}*${c_green}+${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty index" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	git add -u &&
+	echo "dirty worktree" >file &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - dirty status indicator - before root commit' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_green}#${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		cd otherrepo &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - inside .git directory' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear}):AFTER\\nGIT_DIR!" >expected &&
+	echo "dirty" >file &&
+	test_when_finished "git reset --hard" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWDIRTYSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - stash status indicator' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_lblue}\$${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	echo 2 >file &&
+	git stash &&
+	test_when_finished "git stash drop" &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWSTASHSTATE=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - bash color pc mode - untracked files status indicator' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (${c_green}\${__git_ps1_branch_name}${c_clear} ${c_red}%%${c_clear}):AFTER\\nmaster" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWUNTRACKEDFILES=y &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s\\n%s" "$PS1" "${__git_ps1_branch_name}" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - zsh color pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (%%F{green}master%%f):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		ZSH_VERSION=5.0.0 &&
+		GIT_PS1_SHOWCOLORHINTS=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var unset, config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.hideIfPwdIgnored false &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var unset, config disabled, pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (\${__git_ps1_branch_name}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.hideIfPwdIgnored false &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var unset, config unset' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var unset, config unset, pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (\${__git_ps1_branch_name}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var set, config disabled' '
+	printf " (master)" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.hideIfPwdIgnored false &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var set, config disabled, pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE: (\${__git_ps1_branch_name}):AFTER" >expected &&
+	test_config bash.hideIfPwdIgnored false &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var set, config unset' '
+	printf "" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - env var set, config unset, pc mode' '
+	printf "BEFORE::AFTER" >expected &&
+	(
+		cd ignored_dir &&
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		__git_ps1 "BEFORE:" ":AFTER" &&
+		printf "%s" "$PS1" >"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - inside gitdir (stdout)' '
+	printf " (GIT_DIR!)" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >"$actual" 2>/dev/null
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_expect_success 'prompt - hide if pwd ignored - inside gitdir (stderr)' '
+	printf "" >expected &&
+	(
+		GIT_PS1_HIDE_IF_PWD_IGNORED=y &&
+		cd .git &&
+		__git_ps1 >/dev/null 2>"$actual"
+	) &&
+	test_cmp expected "$actual"
+'
+
+test_done
diff --git a/t/test-lib-functions.sh b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
index 7b3b4bef30..0698ce7908 100644
--- a/t/test-lib-functions.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib-functions.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Library of functions shared by all tests scripts, included by
+# test-lib.sh.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
 #
@@ -31,6 +32,11 @@ test_set_editor () {
 	export EDITOR
 }
 
+test_set_index_version () {
+    GIT_INDEX_VERSION="$1"
+    export GIT_INDEX_VERSION
+}
+
 test_decode_color () {
 	awk '
 		function name(n) {
@@ -91,6 +97,10 @@ q_to_tab () {
 	tr Q '\011'
 }
 
+qz_to_tab_space () {
+	tr QZ '\011\040'
+}
+
 append_cr () {
 	sed -e 's/$/Q/' | tr Q '\015'
 }
@@ -135,20 +145,40 @@ test_pause () {
 	fi
 }
 
-# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents>]]"
+# Call test_commit with the arguments "<message> [<file> [<contents> [<tag>]]]"
 #
 # This will commit a file with the given contents and the given commit
-# message.  It will also add a tag with <message> as name.
+# message, and tag the resulting commit with the given tag name.
 #
-# Both <file> and <contents> default to <message>.
+# <file>, <contents>, and <tag> all default to <message>.
 
 test_commit () {
-	file=${2:-"$1.t"}
+	notick= &&
+	signoff= &&
+	while test $# != 0
+	do
+		case "$1" in
+		--notick)
+			notick=yes
+			;;
+		--signoff)
+			signoff="$1"
+			;;
+		*)
+			break
+			;;
+		esac
+		shift
+	done &&
+	file=${2:-"$1.t"} &&
 	echo "${3-$1}" > "$file" &&
 	git add "$file" &&
-	test_tick &&
-	git commit -m "$1" &&
-	git tag "$1"
+	if test -z "$notick"
+	then
+		test_tick
+	fi &&
+	git commit $signoff -m "$1" &&
+	git tag "${4:-$1}"
 }
 
 # Call test_merge with the arguments "<message> <commit>", where <commit>
@@ -212,9 +242,35 @@ write_script () {
 # capital letters by convention).
 
 test_set_prereq () {
-	satisfied="$satisfied$1 "
+	satisfied_prereq="$satisfied_prereq$1 "
+}
+satisfied_prereq=" "
+lazily_testable_prereq= lazily_tested_prereq=
+
+# Usage: test_lazy_prereq PREREQ 'script'
+test_lazy_prereq () {
+	lazily_testable_prereq="$lazily_testable_prereq$1 "
+	eval test_prereq_lazily_$1=\$2
+}
+
+test_run_lazy_prereq_ () {
+	script='
+mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir" &&
+(
+	cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir" &&'"$2"'
+)'
+	say >&3 "checking prerequisite: $1"
+	say >&3 "$script"
+	test_eval_ "$script"
+	eval_ret=$?
+	rm -rf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir"
+	if test "$eval_ret" = 0; then
+		say >&3 "prerequisite $1 ok"
+	else
+		say >&3 "prerequisite $1 not satisfied"
+	fi
+	return $eval_ret
 }
-satisfied=" "
 
 test_have_prereq () {
 	# prerequisites can be concatenated with ','
@@ -229,13 +285,48 @@ test_have_prereq () {
 
 	for prerequisite
 	do
+		case "$prerequisite" in
+		!*)
+			negative_prereq=t
+			prerequisite=${prerequisite#!}
+			;;
+		*)
+			negative_prereq=
+		esac
+
+		case " $lazily_tested_prereq " in
+		*" $prerequisite "*)
+			;;
+		*)
+			case " $lazily_testable_prereq " in
+			*" $prerequisite "*)
+				eval "script=\$test_prereq_lazily_$prerequisite" &&
+				if test_run_lazy_prereq_ "$prerequisite" "$script"
+				then
+					test_set_prereq $prerequisite
+				fi
+				lazily_tested_prereq="$lazily_tested_prereq$prerequisite "
+			esac
+			;;
+		esac
+
 		total_prereq=$(($total_prereq + 1))
-		case $satisfied in
+		case "$satisfied_prereq" in
 		*" $prerequisite "*)
+			satisfied_this_prereq=t
+			;;
+		*)
+			satisfied_this_prereq=
+		esac
+
+		case "$satisfied_this_prereq,$negative_prereq" in
+		t,|,t)
 			ok_prereq=$(($ok_prereq + 1))
 			;;
 		*)
-			# Keep a list of missing prerequisites
+			# Keep a list of missing prerequisites; restore
+			# the negative marker if necessary.
+			prerequisite=${negative_prereq:+!}$prerequisite
 			if test -z "$missing_prereq"
 			then
 				missing_prereq=$prerequisite
@@ -258,6 +349,7 @@ test_declared_prereq () {
 }
 
 test_expect_failure () {
+	test_start_
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-failure"
@@ -272,10 +364,11 @@ test_expect_failure () {
 			test_known_broken_failure_ "$1"
 		fi
 	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
+	test_finish_
 }
 
 test_expect_success () {
+	test_start_
 	test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
 	test "$#" = 2 ||
 	error "bug in the test script: not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
@@ -290,7 +383,7 @@ test_expect_success () {
 			test_failure_ "$@"
 		fi
 	fi
-	echo >&3 ""
+	test_finish_
 }
 
 # test_external runs external test scripts that provide continuous
@@ -320,7 +413,7 @@ test_external () {
 		# test_run_, but keep its stdout on our stdout even in
 		# non-verbose mode.
 		"$@" 2>&4
-		if [ "$?" = 0 ]
+		if test "$?" = 0
 		then
 			if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
 				test_ok_ "$descr"
@@ -347,11 +440,12 @@ test_external_without_stderr () {
 	tmp=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
 	stderr="$tmp/git-external-stderr.$$.tmp"
 	test_external "$@" 4> "$stderr"
-	[ -f "$stderr" ] || error "Internal error: $stderr disappeared."
+	test -f "$stderr" || error "Internal error: $stderr disappeared."
 	descr="no stderr: $1"
 	shift
 	say >&3 "# expecting no stderr from previous command"
-	if [ ! -s "$stderr" ]; then
+	if test ! -s "$stderr"
+	then
 		rm "$stderr"
 
 		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
@@ -361,8 +455,9 @@ test_external_without_stderr () {
 			test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
 		fi
 	else
-		if [ "$verbose" = t ]; then
-			output=`echo; echo "# Stderr is:"; cat "$stderr"`
+		if test "$verbose" = t
+		then
+			output=$(echo; echo "# Stderr is:"; cat "$stderr")
 		else
 			output=
 		fi
@@ -381,7 +476,7 @@ test_external_without_stderr () {
 # The commands test the existence or non-existence of $1. $2 can be
 # given to provide a more precise diagnosis.
 test_path_is_file () {
-	if ! [ -f "$1" ]
+	if ! test -f "$1"
 	then
 		echo "File $1 doesn't exist. $*"
 		false
@@ -389,19 +484,31 @@ test_path_is_file () {
 }
 
 test_path_is_dir () {
-	if ! [ -d "$1" ]
+	if ! test -d "$1"
 	then
 		echo "Directory $1 doesn't exist. $*"
 		false
 	fi
 }
 
+# Check if the directory exists and is empty as expected, barf otherwise.
+test_dir_is_empty () {
+	test_path_is_dir "$1" &&
+	if test -n "$(ls -a1 "$1" | egrep -v '^\.\.?$')"
+	then
+		echo "Directory '$1' is not empty, it contains:"
+		ls -la "$1"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
 test_path_is_missing () {
-	if [ -e "$1" ]
+	if test -e "$1"
 	then
 		echo "Path exists:"
 		ls -ld "$1"
-		if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
+		if test $# -ge 1
+		then
 			echo "$*"
 		fi
 		false
@@ -449,12 +556,15 @@ test_must_fail () {
 	if test $exit_code = 0; then
 		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: command succeeded: $*"
 		return 1
-	elif test $exit_code -gt 129 -a $exit_code -le 192; then
+	elif test $exit_code -gt 129 && test $exit_code -le 192; then
 		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: died by signal: $*"
 		return 1
 	elif test $exit_code = 127; then
 		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: command not found: $*"
 		return 1
+	elif test $exit_code = 126; then
+		echo >&2 "test_must_fail: valgrind error: $*"
+		return 1
 	fi
 	return 0
 }
@@ -473,7 +583,7 @@ test_must_fail () {
 test_might_fail () {
 	"$@"
 	exit_code=$?
-	if test $exit_code -gt 129 -a $exit_code -le 192; then
+	if test $exit_code -gt 129 && test $exit_code -le 192; then
 		echo >&2 "test_might_fail: died by signal: $*"
 		return 1
 	elif test $exit_code = 127; then
@@ -521,6 +631,64 @@ test_cmp() {
 	$GIT_TEST_CMP "$@"
 }
 
+# test_cmp_bin - helper to compare binary files
+
+test_cmp_bin() {
+	cmp "$@"
+}
+
+# Call any command "$@" but be more verbose about its
+# failure. This is handy for commands like "test" which do
+# not output anything when they fail.
+verbose () {
+	"$@" && return 0
+	echo >&2 "command failed: $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@")"
+	return 1
+}
+
+# Check if the file expected to be empty is indeed empty, and barfs
+# otherwise.
+
+test_must_be_empty () {
+	if test -s "$1"
+	then
+		echo "'$1' is not empty, it contains:"
+		cat "$1"
+		return 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# Tests that its two parameters refer to the same revision
+test_cmp_rev () {
+	git rev-parse --verify "$1" >expect.rev &&
+	git rev-parse --verify "$2" >actual.rev &&
+	test_cmp expect.rev actual.rev
+}
+
+# Print a sequence of numbers or letters in increasing order.  This is
+# similar to GNU seq(1), but the latter might not be available
+# everywhere (and does not do letters).  It may be used like:
+#
+#	for i in $(test_seq 100)
+#	do
+#		for j in $(test_seq 10 20)
+#		do
+#			for k in $(test_seq a z)
+#			do
+#				echo $i-$j-$k
+#			done
+#		done
+#	done
+
+test_seq () {
+	case $# in
+	1)	set 1 "$@" ;;
+	2)	;;
+	*)	error "bug in the test script: not 1 or 2 parameters to test_seq" ;;
+	esac
+	perl -le 'print for $ARGV[0]..$ARGV[1]' -- "$@"
+}
+
 # This function can be used to schedule some commands to be run
 # unconditionally at the end of the test to restore sanity:
 #
@@ -563,3 +731,155 @@ test_create_repo () {
 		mv .git/hooks .git/hooks-disabled
 	) || exit
 }
+
+# This function helps on symlink challenged file systems when it is not
+# important that the file system entry is a symbolic link.
+# Use test_ln_s_add instead of "ln -s x y && git add y" to add a
+# symbolic link entry y to the index.
+
+test_ln_s_add () {
+	if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
+	then
+		ln -s "$1" "$2" &&
+		git update-index --add "$2"
+	else
+		printf '%s' "$1" >"$2" &&
+		ln_s_obj=$(git hash-object -w "$2") &&
+		git update-index --add --cacheinfo 120000 $ln_s_obj "$2" &&
+		# pick up stat info from the file
+		git update-index "$2"
+	fi
+}
+
+# This function writes out its parameters, one per line
+test_write_lines () {
+	printf "%s\n" "$@"
+}
+
+perl () {
+	command "$PERL_PATH" "$@"
+}
+
+# Is the value one of the various ways to spell a boolean true/false?
+test_normalize_bool () {
+	git -c magic.variable="$1" config --bool magic.variable 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# Given a variable $1, normalize the value of it to one of "true",
+# "false", or "auto" and store the result to it.
+#
+#     test_tristate GIT_TEST_HTTPD
+#
+# A variable set to an empty string is set to 'false'.
+# A variable set to 'false' or 'auto' keeps its value.
+# Anything else is set to 'true'.
+# An unset variable defaults to 'auto'.
+#
+# The last rule is to allow people to set the variable to an empty
+# string and export it to decline testing the particular feature
+# for versions both before and after this change.  We used to treat
+# both unset and empty variable as a signal for "do not test" and
+# took any non-empty string as "please test".
+
+test_tristate () {
+	if eval "test x\"\${$1+isset}\" = xisset"
+	then
+		# explicitly set
+		eval "
+			case \"\$$1\" in
+			'')	$1=false ;;
+			auto)	;;
+			*)	$1=\$(test_normalize_bool \$$1 || echo true) ;;
+			esac
+		"
+	else
+		eval "$1=auto"
+	fi
+}
+
+# Exit the test suite, either by skipping all remaining tests or by
+# exiting with an error. If "$1" is "auto", we then we assume we were
+# opportunistically trying to set up some tests and we skip. If it is
+# "true", then we report a failure.
+#
+# The error/skip message should be given by $2.
+#
+test_skip_or_die () {
+	case "$1" in
+	auto)
+		skip_all=$2
+		test_done
+		;;
+	true)
+		error "$2"
+		;;
+	*)
+		error "BUG: test tristate is '$1' (real error: $2)"
+	esac
+}
+
+# The following mingw_* functions obey POSIX shell syntax, but are actually
+# bash scripts, and are meant to be used only with bash on Windows.
+
+# A test_cmp function that treats LF and CRLF equal and avoids to fork
+# diff when possible.
+mingw_test_cmp () {
+	# Read text into shell variables and compare them. If the results
+	# are different, use regular diff to report the difference.
+	local test_cmp_a= test_cmp_b=
+
+	# When text came from stdin (one argument is '-') we must feed it
+	# to diff.
+	local stdin_for_diff=
+
+	# Since it is difficult to detect the difference between an
+	# empty input file and a failure to read the files, we go straight
+	# to diff if one of the inputs is empty.
+	if test -s "$1" && test -s "$2"
+	then
+		# regular case: both files non-empty
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a <"$1"
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b <"$2"
+	elif test -s "$1" && test "$2" = -
+	then
+		# read 2nd file from stdin
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a <"$1"
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b
+		stdin_for_diff='<<<"$test_cmp_b"'
+	elif test "$1" = - && test -s "$2"
+	then
+		# read 1st file from stdin
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a
+		mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b <"$2"
+		stdin_for_diff='<<<"$test_cmp_a"'
+	fi
+	test -n "$test_cmp_a" &&
+	test -n "$test_cmp_b" &&
+	test "$test_cmp_a" = "$test_cmp_b" ||
+	eval "diff -u \"\$@\" $stdin_for_diff"
+}
+
+# $1 is the name of the shell variable to fill in
+mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ () {
+	# Read line-wise using LF as the line separator
+	# and use IFS to strip CR.
+	local line
+	while :
+	do
+		if IFS=$'\r' read -r -d $'\n' line
+		then
+			# good
+			line=$line$'\n'
+		else
+			# we get here at EOF, but also if the last line
+			# was not terminated by LF; in the latter case,
+			# some text was read
+			if test -z "$line"
+			then
+				# EOF, really
+				break
+			fi
+		fi
+		eval "$1=\$$1\$line"
+	done
+}
diff --git a/t/test-lib.sh b/t/test-lib.sh
index 30ed4d74bb..4ea99a209d 100644
--- a/t/test-lib.sh
+++ b/t/test-lib.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+# Test framework for git.  See t/README for usage.
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
 #
@@ -15,6 +15,42 @@
 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 # along with this program.  If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
 
+# Keep the original TERM for say_color
+ORIGINAL_TERM=$TERM
+
+# Test the binaries we have just built.  The tests are kept in
+# t/ subdirectory and are run in 'trash directory' subdirectory.
+if test -z "$TEST_DIRECTORY"
+then
+	# We allow tests to override this, in case they want to run tests
+	# outside of t/, e.g. for running tests on the test library
+	# itself.
+	TEST_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
+else
+	# ensure that TEST_DIRECTORY is an absolute path so that it
+	# is valid even if the current working directory is changed
+	TEST_DIRECTORY=$(cd "$TEST_DIRECTORY" && pwd) || exit 1
+fi
+if test -z "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY"
+then
+	# Similarly, override this to store the test-results subdir
+	# elsewhere
+	TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$TEST_DIRECTORY
+fi
+GIT_BUILD_DIR="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/..
+
+################################################################
+# It appears that people try to run tests without building...
+"$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git" >/dev/null
+if test $? != 1
+then
+	echo >&2 'error: you do not seem to have built git yet.'
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
+export PERL_PATH SHELL_PATH
+
 # if --tee was passed, write the output not only to the terminal, but
 # additionally to the file test-results/$BASENAME.out, too.
 case "$GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED, $* " in
@@ -22,18 +58,15 @@ done,*)
 	# do not redirect again
 	;;
 *' --tee '*|*' --va'*)
-	mkdir -p test-results
-	BASE=test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)
-	(GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED=done ${SHELL-sh} "$0" "$@" 2>&1;
+	mkdir -p "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
+	BASE="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results/$(basename "$0" .sh)"
+	(GIT_TEST_TEE_STARTED=done ${SHELL_PATH} "$0" "$@" 2>&1;
 	 echo $? > $BASE.exit) | tee $BASE.out
 	test "$(cat $BASE.exit)" = 0
 	exit
 	;;
 esac
 
-# Keep the original TERM for say_color
-ORIGINAL_TERM=$TERM
-
 # For repeatability, reset the environment to known value.
 LANG=C
 LC_ALL=C
@@ -46,7 +79,7 @@ EDITOR=:
 # /usr/xpg4/bin/sh and /bin/ksh to bail out.  So keep the unsets
 # deriving from the command substitution clustered with the other
 # ones.
-unset VISUAL EMAIL LANGUAGE $(perl -e '
+unset VISUAL EMAIL LANGUAGE COLUMNS $("$PERL_PATH" -e '
 	my @env = keys %ENV;
 	my $ok = join("|", qw(
 		TRACE
@@ -56,11 +89,15 @@ unset VISUAL EMAIL LANGUAGE $(perl -e '
 		.*_TEST
 		PROVE
 		VALGRIND
-		PERF_AGGREGATING_LATER
+		UNZIP
+		PERF_
+		CURL_VERBOSE
 	));
 	my @vars = grep(/^GIT_/ && !/^GIT_($ok)/o, @env);
 	print join("\n", @vars);
 ')
+unset XDG_CONFIG_HOME
+unset GITPERLLIB
 GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL=author@example.com
 GIT_AUTHOR_NAME='A U Thor'
 GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL=committer@example.com
@@ -72,19 +109,51 @@ export GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL GIT_AUTHOR_NAME
 export GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL GIT_COMMITTER_NAME
 export EDITOR
 
+# Tests using GIT_TRACE typically don't want <timestamp> <file>:<line> output
+GIT_TRACE_BARE=1
+export GIT_TRACE_BARE
+
+if test -n "${TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION:+isset}"
+then
+	GIT_INDEX_VERSION="$TEST_GIT_INDEX_VERSION"
+	export GIT_INDEX_VERSION
+fi
+
+# Add libc MALLOC and MALLOC_PERTURB test
+# only if we are not executing the test with valgrind
+if expr " $GIT_TEST_OPTS " : ".* --valgrind " >/dev/null ||
+   test -n "$TEST_NO_MALLOC_CHECK"
+then
+	setup_malloc_check () {
+		: nothing
+	}
+	teardown_malloc_check () {
+		: nothing
+	}
+else
+	setup_malloc_check () {
+		MALLOC_CHECK_=3	MALLOC_PERTURB_=165
+		export MALLOC_CHECK_ MALLOC_PERTURB_
+	}
+	teardown_malloc_check () {
+		unset MALLOC_CHECK_ MALLOC_PERTURB_
+	}
+fi
+
+: ${ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_leaks=0}
+export ASAN_OPTIONS
+
 # Protect ourselves from common misconfiguration to export
 # CDPATH into the environment
 unset CDPATH
 
 unset GREP_OPTIONS
+unset UNZIP
 
 case $(echo $GIT_TRACE |tr "[A-Z]" "[a-z]") in
-	1|2|true)
-		echo "* warning: Some tests will not work if GIT_TRACE" \
-			"is set as to trace on STDERR ! *"
-		echo "* warning: Please set GIT_TRACE to something" \
-			"other than 1, 2 or true ! *"
-		;;
+1|2|true)
+	GIT_TRACE=4
+	;;
 esac
 
 # Convenience
@@ -100,7 +169,11 @@ _z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 LF='
 '
 
-export _x05 _x40 _z40 LF
+# UTF-8 ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER, which HFS+ ignores
+# when case-folding filenames
+u200c=$(printf '\342\200\214')
+
+export _x05 _x40 _z40 LF u200c
 
 # Each test should start with something like this, after copyright notices:
 #
@@ -108,16 +181,8 @@ export _x05 _x40 _z40 LF
 # This test checks if command xyzzy does the right thing...
 # '
 # . ./test-lib.sh
-[ "x$ORIGINAL_TERM" != "xdumb" ] && (
-		TERM=$ORIGINAL_TERM &&
-		export TERM &&
-		[ -t 1 ] &&
-		tput bold >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-		tput setaf 1 >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
-		tput sgr0 >/dev/null 2>&1
-	) &&
-	color=t
 
+unset color
 while test "$#" -ne 0
 do
 	case "$1" in
@@ -127,10 +192,21 @@ do
 		immediate=t; shift ;;
 	-l|--l|--lo|--lon|--long|--long-|--long-t|--long-te|--long-tes|--long-test|--long-tests)
 		GIT_TEST_LONG=t; export GIT_TEST_LONG; shift ;;
+	-r)
+		shift; test "$#" -ne 0 || {
+			echo 'error: -r requires an argument' >&2;
+			exit 1;
+		}
+		run_list=$1; shift ;;
+	--run=*)
+		run_list=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)'); shift ;;
 	-h|--h|--he|--hel|--help)
 		help=t; shift ;;
 	-v|--v|--ve|--ver|--verb|--verbo|--verbos|--verbose)
 		verbose=t; shift ;;
+	--verbose-only=*)
+		verbose_only=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
 	-q|--q|--qu|--qui|--quie|--quiet)
 		# Ignore --quiet under a TAP::Harness. Saying how many tests
 		# passed without the ok/not ok details is always an error.
@@ -140,41 +216,41 @@ do
 	--no-color)
 		color=; shift ;;
 	--va|--val|--valg|--valgr|--valgri|--valgrin|--valgrind)
-		valgrind=t; verbose=t; shift ;;
+		valgrind=memcheck
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind=*)
+		valgrind=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
+	--valgrind-only=*)
+		valgrind_only=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
+		shift ;;
 	--tee)
 		shift ;; # was handled already
 	--root=*)
 		root=$(expr "z$1" : 'z[^=]*=\(.*\)')
 		shift ;;
+	--chain-lint)
+		GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT=1
+		shift ;;
+	--no-chain-lint)
+		GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT=0
+		shift ;;
+	-x)
+		trace=t
+		verbose=t
+		shift ;;
 	*)
 		echo "error: unknown test option '$1'" >&2; exit 1 ;;
 	esac
 done
 
-if test -n "$color"; then
-	say_color () {
-		(
-		TERM=$ORIGINAL_TERM
-		export TERM
-		case "$1" in
-			error) tput bold; tput setaf 1;; # bold red
-			skip)  tput bold; tput setaf 2;; # bold green
-			pass)  tput setaf 2;;            # green
-			info)  tput setaf 3;;            # brown
-			*) test -n "$quiet" && return;;
-		esac
-		shift
-		printf "%s" "$*"
-		tput sgr0
-		echo
-		)
-	}
-else
-	say_color() {
-		test -z "$1" && test -n "$quiet" && return
-		shift
-		echo "$*"
-	}
+if test -n "$valgrind_only"
+then
+	test -z "$valgrind" && valgrind=memcheck
+	test -z "$verbose" && verbose_only="$valgrind_only"
+elif test -n "$valgrind"
+then
+	verbose=t
 fi
 
 error () {
@@ -192,7 +268,7 @@ error "Test script did not set test_description."
 
 if test "$help" = "t"
 then
-	echo "$test_description"
+	printf '%s\n' "$test_description"
 	exit 0
 fi
 
@@ -226,13 +302,14 @@ die () {
 
 GIT_EXIT_OK=
 trap 'die' EXIT
+trap 'exit $?' INT
 
 # The user-facing functions are loaded from a separate file so that
 # test_perf subshells can have them too
-. "${TEST_DIRECTORY:-.}"/test-lib-functions.sh
+. "$TEST_DIRECTORY/test-lib-functions.sh"
 
 # You are not expected to call test_ok_ and test_failure_ directly, use
-# the text_expect_* functions instead.
+# the test_expect_* functions instead.
 
 test_ok_ () {
 	test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
@@ -241,74 +318,288 @@ test_ok_ () {
 
 test_failure_ () {
 	test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
-	say_color error "not ok - $test_count $1"
+	say_color error "not ok $test_count - $1"
 	shift
-	echo "$@" | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
+	printf '%s\n' "$*" | sed -e 's/^/#	/'
 	test "$immediate" = "" || { GIT_EXIT_OK=t; exit 1; }
 }
 
 test_known_broken_ok_ () {
 	test_fixed=$(($test_fixed+1))
-	say_color "" "ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
+	say_color error "ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage vanished"
 }
 
 test_known_broken_failure_ () {
 	test_broken=$(($test_broken+1))
-	say_color skip "not ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
+	say_color warn "not ok $test_count - $@ # TODO known breakage"
 }
 
 test_debug () {
 	test "$debug" = "" || eval "$1"
 }
 
+match_pattern_list () {
+	arg="$1"
+	shift
+	test -z "$*" && return 1
+	for pattern_
+	do
+		case "$arg" in
+		$pattern_)
+			return 0
+		esac
+	done
+	return 1
+}
+
+match_test_selector_list () {
+	title="$1"
+	shift
+	arg="$1"
+	shift
+	test -z "$1" && return 0
+
+	# Both commas and whitespace are accepted as separators.
+	OLDIFS=$IFS
+	IFS=' 	,'
+	set -- $1
+	IFS=$OLDIFS
+
+	# If the first selector is negative we include by default.
+	include=
+	case "$1" in
+		!*) include=t ;;
+	esac
+
+	for selector
+	do
+		orig_selector=$selector
+
+		positive=t
+		case "$selector" in
+			!*)
+				positive=
+				selector=${selector##?}
+				;;
+		esac
+
+		test -z "$selector" && continue
+
+		case "$selector" in
+			*-*)
+				if expr "z${selector%%-*}" : "z[0-9]*[^0-9]" >/dev/null
+				then
+					echo "error: $title: invalid non-numeric in range" \
+						"start: '$orig_selector'" >&2
+					exit 1
+				fi
+				if expr "z${selector#*-}" : "z[0-9]*[^0-9]" >/dev/null
+				then
+					echo "error: $title: invalid non-numeric in range" \
+						"end: '$orig_selector'" >&2
+					exit 1
+				fi
+				;;
+			*)
+				if expr "z$selector" : "z[0-9]*[^0-9]" >/dev/null
+				then
+					echo "error: $title: invalid non-numeric in test" \
+						"selector: '$orig_selector'" >&2
+					exit 1
+				fi
+		esac
+
+		# Short cut for "obvious" cases
+		test -z "$include" && test -z "$positive" && continue
+		test -n "$include" && test -n "$positive" && continue
+
+		case "$selector" in
+			-*)
+				if test $arg -le ${selector#-}
+				then
+					include=$positive
+				fi
+				;;
+			*-)
+				if test $arg -ge ${selector%-}
+				then
+					include=$positive
+				fi
+				;;
+			*-*)
+				if test ${selector%%-*} -le $arg \
+					&& test $arg -le ${selector#*-}
+				then
+					include=$positive
+				fi
+				;;
+			*)
+				if test $arg -eq $selector
+				then
+					include=$positive
+				fi
+				;;
+		esac
+	done
+
+	test -n "$include"
+}
+
+maybe_teardown_verbose () {
+	test -z "$verbose_only" && return
+	exec 4>/dev/null 3>/dev/null
+	verbose=
+}
+
+last_verbose=t
+maybe_setup_verbose () {
+	test -z "$verbose_only" && return
+	if match_pattern_list $test_count $verbose_only
+	then
+		exec 4>&2 3>&1
+		# Emit a delimiting blank line when going from
+		# non-verbose to verbose.  Within verbose mode the
+		# delimiter is printed by test_expect_*.  The choice
+		# of the initial $last_verbose is such that before
+		# test 1, we do not print it.
+		test -z "$last_verbose" && echo >&3 ""
+		verbose=t
+	else
+		exec 4>/dev/null 3>/dev/null
+		verbose=
+	fi
+	last_verbose=$verbose
+}
+
+maybe_teardown_valgrind () {
+	test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND" && return
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+}
+
+maybe_setup_valgrind () {
+	test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND" && return
+	if test -z "$valgrind_only"
+	then
+		GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+		return
+	fi
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+	if match_pattern_list $test_count $valgrind_only
+	then
+		GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+	fi
+}
+
+# This is a separate function because some tests use
+# "return" to end a test_expect_success block early
+# (and we want to make sure we run any cleanup like
+# "set +x").
+test_eval_inner_ () {
+	# Do not add anything extra (including LF) after '$*'
+	eval "
+		test \"$trace\" = t && set -x
+		$*"
+}
+
 test_eval_ () {
-	# This is a separate function because some tests use
-	# "return" to end a test_expect_success block early.
-	eval </dev/null >&3 2>&4 "$*"
+	# We run this block with stderr redirected to avoid extra cruft
+	# during a "-x" trace. Once in "set -x" mode, we cannot prevent
+	# the shell from printing the "set +x" to turn it off (nor the saving
+	# of $? before that). But we can make sure that the output goes to
+	# /dev/null.
+	#
+	# The test itself is run with stderr put back to &4 (so either to
+	# /dev/null, or to the original stderr if --verbose was used).
+	{
+		test_eval_inner_ "$@" </dev/null >&3 2>&4
+		test_eval_ret_=$?
+		if test "$trace" = t
+		then
+			set +x
+			if test "$test_eval_ret_" != 0
+			then
+				say_color error >&4 "error: last command exited with \$?=$test_eval_ret_"
+			fi
+		fi
+	} 2>/dev/null
+	return $test_eval_ret_
 }
 
 test_run_ () {
 	test_cleanup=:
 	expecting_failure=$2
+
+	if test "${GIT_TEST_CHAIN_LINT:-0}" != 0; then
+		# 117 is magic because it is unlikely to match the exit
+		# code of other programs
+		test_eval_ "(exit 117) && $1"
+		if test "$?" != 117; then
+			error "bug in the test script: broken &&-chain: $1"
+		fi
+	fi
+
+	setup_malloc_check
 	test_eval_ "$1"
 	eval_ret=$?
+	teardown_malloc_check
 
-	if test -z "$immediate" || test $eval_ret = 0 || test -n "$expecting_failure"
+	if test -z "$immediate" || test $eval_ret = 0 ||
+	   test -n "$expecting_failure" && test "$test_cleanup" != ":"
 	then
+		setup_malloc_check
 		test_eval_ "$test_cleanup"
+		teardown_malloc_check
 	fi
-	if test "$verbose" = "t" && test -n "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"; then
+	if test "$verbose" = "t" && test -n "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"
+	then
 		echo ""
 	fi
 	return "$eval_ret"
 }
 
-test_skip () {
+test_start_ () {
 	test_count=$(($test_count+1))
+	maybe_setup_verbose
+	maybe_setup_valgrind
+}
+
+test_finish_ () {
+	echo >&3 ""
+	maybe_teardown_valgrind
+	maybe_teardown_verbose
+}
+
+test_skip () {
 	to_skip=
-	for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
-	do
-		case $this_test.$test_count in
-		$skp)
-			to_skip=t
-			break
-		esac
-	done
+	skipped_reason=
+	if match_pattern_list $this_test.$test_count $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+	then
+		to_skip=t
+		skipped_reason="GIT_SKIP_TESTS"
+	fi
 	if test -z "$to_skip" && test -n "$test_prereq" &&
 	   ! test_have_prereq "$test_prereq"
 	then
 		to_skip=t
-	fi
-	case "$to_skip" in
-	t)
+
 		of_prereq=
 		if test "$missing_prereq" != "$test_prereq"
 		then
 			of_prereq=" of $test_prereq"
 		fi
+		skipped_reason="missing $missing_prereq${of_prereq}"
+	fi
+	if test -z "$to_skip" && test -n "$run_list" &&
+		! match_test_selector_list '--run' $test_count "$run_list"
+	then
+		to_skip=t
+		skipped_reason="--run"
+	fi
 
+	case "$to_skip" in
+	t)
 		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test: $@"
-		say_color skip "ok $test_count # skip $1 (missing $missing_prereq${of_prereq})"
+		say_color skip "ok $test_count # skip $1 ($skipped_reason)"
 		: true
 		;;
 	*)
@@ -325,10 +616,12 @@ test_at_end_hook_ () {
 test_done () {
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
 
-	if test -z "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"; then
+	if test -z "$HARNESS_ACTIVE"
+	then
 		test_results_dir="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/test-results"
 		mkdir -p "$test_results_dir"
-		test_results_path="$test_results_dir/${0%.sh}-$$.counts"
+		base=${0##*/}
+		test_results_path="$test_results_dir/${base%.sh}-$$.counts"
 
 		cat >>"$test_results_path" <<-EOF
 		total $test_count
@@ -342,22 +635,35 @@ test_done () {
 
 	if test "$test_fixed" != 0
 	then
-		say_color pass "# fixed $test_fixed known breakage(s)"
+		say_color error "# $test_fixed known breakage(s) vanished; please update test(s)"
 	fi
 	if test "$test_broken" != 0
 	then
-		say_color error "# still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
-		msg="remaining $(($test_count-$test_broken)) test(s)"
+		say_color warn "# still have $test_broken known breakage(s)"
+	fi
+	if test "$test_broken" != 0 || test "$test_fixed" != 0
+	then
+		test_remaining=$(( $test_count - $test_broken - $test_fixed ))
+		msg="remaining $test_remaining test(s)"
 	else
+		test_remaining=$test_count
 		msg="$test_count test(s)"
 	fi
 	case "$test_failure" in
 	0)
 		# Maybe print SKIP message
-		[ -z "$skip_all" ] || skip_all=" # SKIP $skip_all"
+		if test -n "$skip_all" && test $test_count -gt 0
+		then
+			error "Can't use skip_all after running some tests"
+		fi
+		test -z "$skip_all" || skip_all=" # SKIP $skip_all"
 
-		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
-			say_color pass "# passed all $msg"
+		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0
+		then
+			if test $test_remaining -gt 0
+			then
+				say_color pass "# passed all $msg"
+			fi
 			say "1..$test_count$skip_all"
 		fi
 
@@ -370,7 +676,8 @@ test_done () {
 		exit 0 ;;
 
 	*)
-		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
+		if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0
+		then
 			say_color error "# failed $test_failure among $msg"
 			say "1..$test_count"
 		fi
@@ -380,23 +687,6 @@ test_done () {
 	esac
 }
 
-# Test the binaries we have just built.  The tests are kept in
-# t/ subdirectory and are run in 'trash directory' subdirectory.
-if test -z "$TEST_DIRECTORY"
-then
-	# We allow tests to override this, in case they want to run tests
-	# outside of t/, e.g. for running tests on the test library
-	# itself.
-	TEST_DIRECTORY=$(pwd)
-fi
-if test -z "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY"
-then
-	# Similarly, override this to store the test-results subdir
-	# elsewhere
-	TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$TEST_DIRECTORY
-fi
-GIT_BUILD_DIR="$TEST_DIRECTORY"/..
-
 if test -n "$valgrind"
 then
 	make_symlink () {
@@ -420,11 +710,9 @@ then
 
 	make_valgrind_symlink () {
 		# handle only executables, unless they are shell libraries that
-		# need to be in the exec-path.  We will just use "#!" as a
-		# guess for a shell-script, since we have no idea what the user
-		# may have configured as the shell path.
+		# need to be in the exec-path.
 		test -x "$1" ||
-		test "#!" = "$(head -c 2 <"$1")" ||
+		test "# " = "$(head -c 2 <"$1")" ||
 		return;
 
 		base=$(basename "$1")
@@ -467,33 +755,39 @@ then
 	PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin:$PATH
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$GIT_VALGRIND/bin
 	export GIT_VALGRIND
-elif test -n "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED" ; then
+	GIT_VALGRIND_MODE="$valgrind"
+	export GIT_VALGRIND_MODE
+	GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=t
+	test -n "$valgrind_only" && GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED=
+	export GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED
+elif test -n "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED"
+then
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$($GIT_TEST_INSTALLED/git --exec-path)  ||
 	error "Cannot run git from $GIT_TEST_INSTALLED."
 	PATH=$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED:$GIT_BUILD_DIR:$PATH
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=${GIT_TEST_EXEC_PATH:-$GIT_EXEC_PATH}
 else # normal case, use ../bin-wrappers only unless $with_dashes:
 	git_bin_dir="$GIT_BUILD_DIR/bin-wrappers"
-	if ! test -x "$git_bin_dir/git" ; then
-		if test -z "$with_dashes" ; then
+	if ! test -x "$git_bin_dir/git"
+	then
+		if test -z "$with_dashes"
+		then
 			say "$git_bin_dir/git is not executable; using GIT_EXEC_PATH"
 		fi
 		with_dashes=t
 	fi
 	PATH="$git_bin_dir:$PATH"
 	GIT_EXEC_PATH=$GIT_BUILD_DIR
-	if test -n "$with_dashes" ; then
+	if test -n "$with_dashes"
+	then
 		PATH="$GIT_BUILD_DIR:$PATH"
 	fi
 fi
 GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR="$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/templates/blt
-unset GIT_CONFIG
 GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM=1
 GIT_ATTR_NOSYSTEM=1
 export PATH GIT_EXEC_PATH GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM GIT_ATTR_NOSYSTEM
 
-. "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS
-
 if test -z "$GIT_TEST_CMP"
 then
 	if test -n "$GIT_TEST_CMP_USE_COPIED_CONTEXT"
@@ -510,58 +804,95 @@ test -d "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/templates/blt || {
 	error "You haven't built things yet, have you?"
 }
 
-if test -z "$GIT_TEST_INSTALLED" && test -z "$NO_PYTHON"
+if ! test -x "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/test-chmtime
 then
-	GITPYTHONLIB="$GIT_BUILD_DIR/git_remote_helpers/build/lib"
-	export GITPYTHONLIB
-	test -d "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/git_remote_helpers/build || {
-		error "You haven't built git_remote_helpers yet, have you?"
-	}
-fi
-
-if ! test -x "$GIT_BUILD_DIR"/test-chmtime; then
 	echo >&2 'You need to build test-chmtime:'
 	echo >&2 'Run "make test-chmtime" in the source (toplevel) directory'
 	exit 1
 fi
 
 # Test repository
-test="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
-test -n "$root" && test="$root/$test"
-case "$test" in
-/*) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$test" ;;
- *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/$test" ;;
+TRASH_DIRECTORY="trash directory.$(basename "$0" .sh)"
+test -n "$root" && TRASH_DIRECTORY="$root/$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
+case "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" in
+/*) ;; # absolute path is good
+ *) TRASH_DIRECTORY="$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY/$TRASH_DIRECTORY" ;;
 esac
 test ! -z "$debug" || remove_trash=$TRASH_DIRECTORY
-rm -fr "$test" || {
+rm -fr "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" || {
 	GIT_EXIT_OK=t
 	echo >&5 "FATAL: Cannot prepare test area"
 	exit 1
 }
 
 HOME="$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
-export HOME
+GNUPGHOME="$HOME/gnupg-home-not-used"
+export HOME GNUPGHOME
+
+# run the tput tests *after* changing HOME (in case ncurses needs
+# ~/.terminfo for $TERM)
+test -n "${color+set}" || test "x$ORIGINAL_TERM" != "xdumb" && (
+		TERM=$ORIGINAL_TERM &&
+		export TERM &&
+		test -t 1 &&
+		tput bold >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+		tput setaf 1 >/dev/null 2>&1 &&
+		tput sgr0 >/dev/null 2>&1
+	) &&
+	color=t
+
+if test -n "$color"
+then
+	say_color () {
+		(
+		TERM=$ORIGINAL_TERM
+		export TERM
+		case "$1" in
+		error)
+			tput bold; tput setaf 1;; # bold red
+		skip)
+			tput setaf 4;; # blue
+		warn)
+			tput setaf 3;; # brown/yellow
+		pass)
+			tput setaf 2;; # green
+		info)
+			tput setaf 6;; # cyan
+		*)
+			test -n "$quiet" && return;;
+		esac
+		shift
+		printf "%s" "$*"
+		tput sgr0
+		echo
+		)
+	}
+else
+	say_color() {
+		test -z "$1" && test -n "$quiet" && return
+		shift
+		printf "%s\n" "$*"
+	}
+fi
 
-if test -z "$TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO"; then
-	test_create_repo "$test"
+if test -z "$TEST_NO_CREATE_REPO"
+then
+	test_create_repo "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 else
-	mkdir -p "$test"
+	mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIRECTORY"
 fi
 # Use -P to resolve symlinks in our working directory so that the cwd
 # in subprocesses like git equals our $PWD (for pathname comparisons).
-cd -P "$test" || exit 1
+cd -P "$TRASH_DIRECTORY" || exit 1
 
 this_test=${0##*/}
 this_test=${this_test%%-*}
-for skp in $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
-do
-	case "$this_test" in
-	$skp)
-		say_color skip >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
-		skip_all="skip all tests in $this_test"
-		test_done
-	esac
-done
+if match_pattern_list "$this_test" $GIT_SKIP_TESTS
+then
+	say_color info >&3 "skipping test $this_test altogether"
+	skip_all="skip all tests in $this_test"
+	test_done
+fi
 
 # Provide an implementation of the 'yes' utility
 yes () {
@@ -599,22 +930,26 @@ case $(uname -s) in
 	# backslashes in pathspec are converted to '/'
 	# exec does not inherit the PID
 	test_set_prereq MINGW
+	test_set_prereq NATIVE_CRLF
 	test_set_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR
+	test_set_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
+	GIT_TEST_CMP=mingw_test_cmp
 	;;
 *CYGWIN*)
 	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
-	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
+	test_set_prereq CYGWIN
 	test_set_prereq SED_STRIPS_CR
+	test_set_prereq GREP_STRIPS_CR
 	;;
 *)
 	test_set_prereq POSIXPERM
 	test_set_prereq BSLASHPSPEC
 	test_set_prereq EXECKEEPSPID
-	test_set_prereq NOT_MINGW
 	;;
 esac
 
+( COLUMNS=1 && test $COLUMNS = 1 ) && test_set_prereq COLUMNS_CAN_BE_1
 test -z "$NO_PERL" && test_set_prereq PERL
 test -z "$NO_PYTHON" && test_set_prereq PYTHON
 test -n "$USE_LIBPCRE" && test_set_prereq LIBPCRE
@@ -656,10 +991,96 @@ test_i18ngrep () {
 	fi
 }
 
-# test whether the filesystem supports symbolic links
-ln -s x y 2>/dev/null && test -h y 2>/dev/null && test_set_prereq SYMLINKS
-rm -f y
+test_lazy_prereq PIPE '
+	# test whether the filesystem supports FIFOs
+	case $(uname -s) in
+	CYGWIN*)
+		false
+		;;
+	*)
+		rm -f testfifo && mkfifo testfifo
+		;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq SYMLINKS '
+	# test whether the filesystem supports symbolic links
+	ln -s x y && test -h y
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq FILEMODE '
+	test "$(git config --bool core.filemode)" = true
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS '
+	echo good >CamelCase &&
+	echo bad >camelcase &&
+	test "$(cat CamelCase)" != good
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq UTF8_NFD_TO_NFC '
+	# check whether FS converts nfd unicode to nfc
+	auml=$(printf "\303\244")
+	aumlcdiar=$(printf "\141\314\210")
+	>"$auml" &&
+	case "$(echo *)" in
+	"$aumlcdiar")
+		true ;;
+	*)
+		false ;;
+	esac
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq AUTOIDENT '
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_NAME &&
+	sane_unset GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL &&
+	git var GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq EXPENSIVE '
+	test -n "$GIT_TEST_LONG"
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq USR_BIN_TIME '
+	test -x /usr/bin/time
+'
+
+test_lazy_prereq NOT_ROOT '
+	uid=$(id -u) &&
+	test "$uid" != 0
+'
+
+# On a filesystem that lacks SANITY, a file can be deleted even if
+# the containing directory doesn't have write permissions, or a file
+# can be accessed even if the containing directory doesn't have read
+# or execute permissions, causing our tests that validate that Git
+# works sensibly in such situations.
+test_lazy_prereq SANITY '
+	mkdir SANETESTD.1 SANETESTD.2 &&
+
+	chmod +w SANETESTD.1 SANETESTD.2 &&
+	>SANETESTD.1/x 2>SANETESTD.2/x &&
+	chmod -w SANETESTD.1 &&
+	chmod -rx SANETESTD.2 ||
+	error "bug in test sript: cannot prepare SANETESTD"
+
+	! rm SANETESTD.1/x && ! test -f SANETESTD.2/x
+	status=$?
+
+	chmod +rwx SANETESTD.1 SANETESTD.2 &&
+	rm -rf SANETESTD.1 SANETESTD.2 ||
+	error "bug in test sript: cannot clean SANETESTD"
+	return $status
+'
+
+GIT_UNZIP=${GIT_UNZIP:-unzip}
+test_lazy_prereq UNZIP '
+	"$GIT_UNZIP" -v
+	test $? -ne 127
+'
+
+run_with_limited_cmdline () {
+	(ulimit -s 128 && "$@")
+}
 
-# When the tests are run as root, permission tests will report that
-# things are writable when they shouldn't be.
-test -w / || test_set_prereq SANITY
+test_lazy_prereq CMDLINE_LIMIT 'run_with_limited_cmdline true'
diff --git a/t/test-terminal.perl b/t/test-terminal.perl
index 10172aee18..1fb373f25b 100755
--- a/t/test-terminal.perl
+++ b/t/test-terminal.perl
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ sub finish_child {
 	} elsif ($? & 127) {
 		my $code = $? & 127;
 		warn "died of signal $code";
-		return $code - 128;
+		return $code + 128;
 	} else {
 		return $? >> 8;
 	}
diff --git a/t/valgrind/analyze.sh b/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
index d8105d9fab..2ffc80f721 100755
--- a/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
+++ b/t/valgrind/analyze.sh
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-out_prefix=$(dirname "$0")/../test-results/valgrind.out
+# Get TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY from GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS if it's there...
+. "$(dirname "$0")/../../GIT-BUILD-OPTIONS"
+# ... otherwise set it to the default value.
+: ${TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY=$(dirname "$0")/..}
+
 output=
 count=0
 total_count=0
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ handle_one () {
 	finish_output
 }
 
-for test_script in "$(dirname "$0")"/../test-results/*.out
+for test_script in "$TEST_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY"/test-results/*.out
 do
 	handle_one $test_script
 done
diff --git a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
index 582b4dca94..42153036dc 100755
--- a/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
+++ b/t/valgrind/valgrind.sh
@@ -2,20 +2,30 @@
 
 base=$(basename "$0")
 
-TRACK_ORIGINS=
+TOOL_OPTIONS='--leak-check=no'
 
-VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
-VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
-VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
-test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
-test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
-TRACK_ORIGINS=--track-origins=yes
+test -z "$GIT_VALGRIND_ENABLED" &&
+exec "$GIT_VALGRIND"/../../"$base" "$@"
+
+case "$GIT_VALGRIND_MODE" in
+memcheck-fast)
+	;;
+memcheck)
+	VALGRIND_VERSION=$(valgrind --version)
+	VALGRIND_MAJOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]*\)')
+	VALGRIND_MINOR=$(expr "$VALGRIND_VERSION" : '[^0-9]*[0-9]*\.\([0-9]*\)')
+	test 3 -gt "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" ||
+	test 3 -eq "$VALGRIND_MAJOR" -a 4 -gt "$VALGRIND_MINOR" ||
+	TOOL_OPTIONS="$TOOL_OPTIONS --track-origins=yes"
+	;;
+*)
+	TOOL_OPTIONS="--tool=$GIT_VALGRIND_MODE"
+esac
 
 exec valgrind -q --error-exitcode=126 \
-	--leak-check=no \
-	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
 	--gen-suppressions=all \
-	$TRACK_ORIGINS \
+	--suppressions="$GIT_VALGRIND/default.supp" \
+	$TOOL_OPTIONS \
 	--log-fd=4 \
 	--input-fd=4 \
 	$GIT_VALGRIND_OPTIONS \
diff --git a/tag.c b/tag.c
index 78d272b863..5b0ac62ed8 100644
--- a/tag.c
+++ b/tag.c
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "blob.h"
 
-#define PGP_SIGNATURE "-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----"
-#define PGP_MESSAGE "-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----"
-
 const char *tag_type = "tag";
 
 struct object *deref_tag(struct object *o, const char *warn, int warnlen)
@@ -40,15 +37,8 @@ struct tag *lookup_tag(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
-		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_TAG, alloc_tag_node());
-	if (!obj->type)
-		obj->type = OBJ_TAG;
-	if (obj->type != OBJ_TAG) {
-		error("Object %s is a %s, not a tag",
-		      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return (struct tag *) obj;
+		return create_object(sha1, alloc_tag_node());
+	return object_as_type(obj, OBJ_TAG, 0);
 }
 
 static unsigned long parse_tag_date(const char *buf, const char *tail)
@@ -86,7 +76,7 @@ int parse_tag_buffer(struct tag *item, const void *data, unsigned long size)
 		return -1;
 	bufptr += 48; /* "object " + sha1 + "\n" */
 
-	if (prefixcmp(bufptr, "type "))
+	if (!starts_with(bufptr, "type "))
 		return -1;
 	bufptr += 5;
 	nl = memchr(bufptr, '\n', tail - bufptr);
@@ -109,7 +99,7 @@ int parse_tag_buffer(struct tag *item, const void *data, unsigned long size)
 		item->tagged = NULL;
 	}
 
-	if (bufptr + 4 < tail && !prefixcmp(bufptr, "tag "))
+	if (bufptr + 4 < tail && starts_with(bufptr, "tag "))
 		; 		/* good */
 	else
 		return -1;
@@ -120,7 +110,7 @@ int parse_tag_buffer(struct tag *item, const void *data, unsigned long size)
 	item->tag = xmemdupz(bufptr, nl - bufptr);
 	bufptr = nl + 1;
 
-	if (bufptr + 7 < tail && !prefixcmp(bufptr, "tagger "))
+	if (bufptr + 7 < tail && starts_with(bufptr, "tagger "))
 		item->date = parse_tag_date(bufptr, tail);
 	else
 		item->date = 0;
@@ -150,20 +140,3 @@ int parse_tag(struct tag *item)
 	free(data);
 	return ret;
 }
-
-/*
- * Look at a signed tag object, and return the offset where
- * the embedded detached signature begins, or the end of the
- * data when there is no such signature.
- */
-size_t parse_signature(const char *buf, unsigned long size)
-{
-	char *eol;
-	size_t len = 0;
-	while (len < size && prefixcmp(buf + len, PGP_SIGNATURE) &&
-			prefixcmp(buf + len, PGP_MESSAGE)) {
-		eol = memchr(buf + len, '\n', size - len);
-		len += eol ? eol - (buf + len) + 1 : size - len;
-	}
-	return len;
-}
diff --git a/tag.h b/tag.h
index bc8a1e40f0..f4580aea42 100644
--- a/tag.h
+++ b/tag.h
@@ -17,6 +17,5 @@ extern int parse_tag_buffer(struct tag *item, const void *data, unsigned long si
 extern int parse_tag(struct tag *item);
 extern struct object *deref_tag(struct object *, const char *, int);
 extern struct object *deref_tag_noverify(struct object *);
-extern size_t parse_signature(const char *buf, unsigned long size);
 
 #endif /* TAG_H */
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
index 18c4829765..68d62d5446 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-commit.sample
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ else
 	against=4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904
 fi
 
-# If you want to allow non-ascii filenames set this variable to true.
-allownonascii=$(git config hooks.allownonascii)
+# If you want to allow non-ASCII filenames set this variable to true.
+allownonascii=$(git config --bool hooks.allownonascii)
 
 # Redirect output to stderr.
 exec 1>&2
 
-# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ascii filenames; prevent
+# Cross platform projects tend to avoid non-ASCII filenames; prevent
 # them from being added to the repository. We exploit the fact that the
 # printable range starts at the space character and ends with tilde.
 if [ "$allownonascii" != "true" ] &&
@@ -31,18 +31,17 @@ if [ "$allownonascii" != "true" ] &&
 	test $(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=A -z $against |
 	  LC_ALL=C tr -d '[ -~]\0' | wc -c) != 0
 then
-	echo "Error: Attempt to add a non-ascii file name."
-	echo
-	echo "This can cause problems if you want to work"
-	echo "with people on other platforms."
-	echo
-	echo "To be portable it is advisable to rename the file ..."
-	echo
-	echo "If you know what you are doing you can disable this"
-	echo "check using:"
-	echo
-	echo "  git config hooks.allownonascii true"
-	echo
+	cat <<\EOF
+Error: Attempt to add a non-ASCII file name.
+
+This can cause problems if you want to work with people on other platforms.
+
+To be portable it is advisable to rename the file.
+
+If you know what you are doing you can disable this check using:
+
+  git config hooks.allownonascii true
+EOF
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample b/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..6187dbf439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/templates/hooks--pre-push.sample
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# An example hook script to verify what is about to be pushed.  Called by "git
+# push" after it has checked the remote status, but before anything has been
+# pushed.  If this script exits with a non-zero status nothing will be pushed.
+#
+# This hook is called with the following parameters:
+#
+# $1 -- Name of the remote to which the push is being done
+# $2 -- URL to which the push is being done
+#
+# If pushing without using a named remote those arguments will be equal.
+#
+# Information about the commits which are being pushed is supplied as lines to
+# the standard input in the form:
+#
+#   <local ref> <local sha1> <remote ref> <remote sha1>
+#
+# This sample shows how to prevent push of commits where the log message starts
+# with "WIP" (work in progress).
+
+remote="$1"
+url="$2"
+
+z40=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+
+while read local_ref local_sha remote_ref remote_sha
+do
+	if [ "$local_sha" = $z40 ]
+	then
+		# Handle delete
+		:
+	else
+		if [ "$remote_sha" = $z40 ]
+		then
+			# New branch, examine all commits
+			range="$local_sha"
+		else
+			# Update to existing branch, examine new commits
+			range="$remote_sha..$local_sha"
+		fi
+
+		# Check for WIP commit
+		commit=`git rev-list -n 1 --grep '^WIP' "$range"`
+		if [ -n "$commit" ]
+		then
+			echo >&2 "Found WIP commit in $local_ref, not pushing"
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	fi
+done
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/templates/hooks--update.sample b/templates/hooks--update.sample
index 71ab04edc0..d84758373d 100755
--- a/templates/hooks--update.sample
+++ b/templates/hooks--update.sample
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ if [ -z "$GIT_DIR" ]; then
 fi
 
 if [ -z "$refname" -o -z "$oldrev" -o -z "$newrev" ]; then
-	echo "Usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
+	echo "usage: $0 <ref> <oldrev> <newrev>" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
 
diff --git a/test-chmtime.c b/test-chmtime.c
index 92713d16da..dfe8a83261 100644
--- a/test-chmtime.c
+++ b/test-chmtime.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * This program can either change modification time of the given
- * file(s) or just print it. The program does not change atime nor
+ * file(s) or just print it. The program does not change atime or
  * ctime (their values are explicitly preserved).
  *
  * The mtime can be changed to an absolute value:
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static int timespec_arg(const char *arg, long int *set_time, int *set_eq)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	static int verbose;
 
@@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
 		if (stat(argv[i], &sb) < 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to stat %s: %s\n",
 			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 
-#ifdef WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 		if (!(sb.st_mode & S_IWUSR) &&
 				chmod(argv[i], sb.st_mode | S_IWUSR)) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Could not make user-writable %s: %s",
 				argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 #endif
 
@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
 		if (utb.modtime != sb.st_mtime && utime(argv[i], &utb) < 0) {
 			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to modify time on %s: %s\n",
 			        argv[i], strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
+			return 1;
 		}
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 
 usage:
-	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
-	return -1;
+	fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s %s\n", argv[0], usage_str);
+	return 1;
 }
diff --git a/test-config.c b/test-config.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a77552210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-config.c
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * This program exposes the C API of the configuration mechanism
+ * as a set of simple commands in order to facilitate testing.
+ *
+ * Reads stdin and prints result of command to stdout:
+ *
+ * get_value -> prints the value with highest priority for the entered key
+ *
+ * get_value_multi -> prints all values for the entered key in increasing order
+ *		     of priority
+ *
+ * get_int -> print integer value for the entered key or die
+ *
+ * get_bool -> print bool value for the entered key or die
+ *
+ * get_string -> print string value for the entered key or die
+ *
+ * configset_get_value -> returns value with the highest priority for the entered key
+ * 			from a config_set constructed from files entered as arguments.
+ *
+ * configset_get_value_multi -> returns value_list for the entered key sorted in
+ * 				ascending order of priority from a config_set
+ * 				constructed from files entered as arguments.
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ *
+ * To print the value with highest priority for key "foo.bAr Baz.rock":
+ * 	test-config get_value "foo.bAr Baz.rock"
+ *
+ */
+
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i, val;
+	const char *v;
+	const struct string_list *strptr;
+	struct config_set cs;
+	git_configset_init(&cs);
+
+	if (argc < 2) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Please, provide a command name on the command-line\n");
+		goto exit1;
+	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_value")) {
+		if (!git_config_get_value(argv[2], &v)) {
+			if (!v)
+				printf("(NULL)\n");
+			else
+				printf("%s\n", v);
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_value_multi")) {
+		strptr = git_config_get_value_multi(argv[2]);
+		if (strptr) {
+			for (i = 0; i < strptr->nr; i++) {
+				v = strptr->items[i].string;
+				if (!v)
+					printf("(NULL)\n");
+				else
+					printf("%s\n", v);
+			}
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_int")) {
+		if (!git_config_get_int(argv[2], &val)) {
+			printf("%d\n", val);
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_bool")) {
+		if (!git_config_get_bool(argv[2], &val)) {
+			printf("%d\n", val);
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "get_string")) {
+		if (!git_config_get_string_const(argv[2], &v)) {
+			printf("%s\n", v);
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "configset_get_value")) {
+		for (i = 3; i < argc; i++) {
+			int err;
+			if ((err = git_configset_add_file(&cs, argv[i]))) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Error (%d) reading configuration file %s.\n", err, argv[i]);
+				goto exit2;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!git_configset_get_value(&cs, argv[2], &v)) {
+			if (!v)
+				printf("(NULL)\n");
+			else
+				printf("%s\n", v);
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	} else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "configset_get_value_multi")) {
+		for (i = 3; i < argc; i++) {
+			int err;
+			if ((err = git_configset_add_file(&cs, argv[i]))) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Error (%d) reading configuration file %s.\n", err, argv[i]);
+				goto exit2;
+			}
+		}
+		strptr = git_configset_get_value_multi(&cs, argv[2]);
+		if (strptr) {
+			for (i = 0; i < strptr->nr; i++) {
+				v = strptr->items[i].string;
+				if (!v)
+					printf("(NULL)\n");
+				else
+					printf("%s\n", v);
+			}
+			goto exit0;
+		} else {
+			printf("Value not found for \"%s\"\n", argv[2]);
+			goto exit1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	die("%s: Please check the syntax and the function name", argv[0]);
+
+exit0:
+	git_configset_clear(&cs);
+	return 0;
+
+exit1:
+	git_configset_clear(&cs);
+	return 1;
+
+exit2:
+	git_configset_clear(&cs);
+	return 2;
+}
diff --git a/test-credential.c b/test-credential.c
deleted file mode 100644
index dee200e7f2..0000000000
--- a/test-credential.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#include "cache.h"
-#include "credential.h"
-#include "string-list.h"
-
-static const char usage_msg[] =
-"test-credential <fill|approve|reject> [helper...]";
-
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
-{
-	const char *op;
-	struct credential c = CREDENTIAL_INIT;
-	int i;
-
-	op = argv[1];
-	if (!op)
-		usage(usage_msg);
-	for (i = 2; i < argc; i++)
-		string_list_append(&c.helpers, argv[i]);
-
-	if (credential_read(&c, stdin) < 0)
-		die("unable to read credential from stdin");
-
-	if (!strcmp(op, "fill")) {
-		credential_fill(&c);
-		if (c.username)
-			printf("username=%s\n", c.username);
-		if (c.password)
-			printf("password=%s\n", c.password);
-	}
-	else if (!strcmp(op, "approve"))
-		credential_approve(&c);
-	else if (!strcmp(op, "reject"))
-		credential_reject(&c);
-	else
-		usage(usage_msg);
-
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/test-date.c b/test-date.c
index 6bcd5b03c0..94a6997a8f 100644
--- a/test-date.c
+++ b/test-date.c
@@ -7,30 +7,33 @@ static const char *usage_msg = "\n"
 
 static void show_dates(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
 {
-	char buf[128];
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 	for (; *argv; argv++) {
 		time_t t = atoi(*argv);
-		show_date_relative(t, 0, now, buf, sizeof(buf));
-		printf("%s -> %s\n", *argv, buf);
+		show_date_relative(t, 0, now, &buf);
+		printf("%s -> %s\n", *argv, buf.buf);
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
 static void parse_dates(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
 {
+	struct strbuf result = STRBUF_INIT;
+
 	for (; *argv; argv++) {
-		char result[100];
 		unsigned long t;
 		int tz;
 
-		result[0] = 0;
-		parse_date(*argv, result, sizeof(result));
-		if (sscanf(result, "%lu %d", &t, &tz) == 2)
+		strbuf_reset(&result);
+		parse_date(*argv, &result);
+		if (sscanf(result.buf, "%lu %d", &t, &tz) == 2)
 			printf("%s -> %s\n",
 			       *argv, show_date(t, tz, DATE_ISO8601));
 		else
 			printf("%s -> bad\n", *argv);
 	}
+	strbuf_release(&result);
 }
 
 static void parse_approxidate(char **argv, struct timeval *now)
diff --git a/test-delta.c b/test-delta.c
index af40a3c49e..4595cd6433 100644
--- a/test-delta.c
+++ b/test-delta.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	unsigned long from_size, data_size, out_size;
 
 	if (argc != 5 || (strcmp(argv[1], "-d") && strcmp(argv[1], "-p"))) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s\n", usage_str);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s\n", usage_str);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/test-dump-cache-tree.c b/test-dump-cache-tree.c
index a6ffdf39d5..54c0872fcb 100644
--- a/test-dump-cache-tree.c
+++ b/test-dump-cache-tree.c
@@ -26,16 +26,16 @@ static int dump_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it,
 		return 0;
 
 	if (it->entry_count < 0) {
+		/* invalid */
 		dump_one(it, pfx, "");
 		dump_one(ref, pfx, "#(ref) ");
-		if (it->subtree_nr != ref->subtree_nr)
-			errs = 1;
 	}
 	else {
 		dump_one(it, pfx, "");
 		if (hashcmp(it->sha1, ref->sha1) ||
 		    ref->entry_count != it->entry_count ||
 		    ref->subtree_nr != it->subtree_nr) {
+			/* claims to be valid but is lying */
 			dump_one(ref, pfx, "#(ref) ");
 			errs = 1;
 		}
@@ -56,9 +56,12 @@ static int dump_cache_tree(struct cache_tree *it,
 
 int main(int ac, char **av)
 {
+	struct index_state istate;
 	struct cache_tree *another = cache_tree();
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die("unable to read index file");
-	cache_tree_update(another, active_cache, active_nr, WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN);
+	istate = the_index;
+	istate.cache_tree = another;
+	cache_tree_update(&istate, WRITE_TREE_DRY_RUN);
 	return dump_cache_tree(active_cache_tree, another, "");
 }
diff --git a/test-dump-split-index.c b/test-dump-split-index.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9cf3112c9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-dump-split-index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
+#include "ewah/ewok.h"
+
+static void show_bit(size_t pos, void *data)
+{
+	printf(" %d", (int)pos);
+}
+
+int main(int ac, char **av)
+{
+	struct split_index *si;
+	int i;
+
+	do_read_index(&the_index, av[1], 1);
+	printf("own %s\n", sha1_to_hex(the_index.sha1));
+	si = the_index.split_index;
+	if (!si) {
+		printf("not a split index\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	printf("base %s\n", sha1_to_hex(si->base_sha1));
+	for (i = 0; i < the_index.cache_nr; i++) {
+		struct cache_entry *ce = the_index.cache[i];
+		printf("%06o %s %d\t%s\n", ce->ce_mode,
+		       sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1), ce_stage(ce), ce->name);
+	}
+	printf("replacements:");
+	ewah_each_bit(si->replace_bitmap, show_bit, NULL);
+	printf("\ndeletions:");
+	ewah_each_bit(si->delete_bitmap, show_bit, NULL);
+	printf("\n");
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-genrandom.c b/test-genrandom.c
index b3c28d9a1c..54824d0754 100644
--- a/test-genrandom.c
+++ b/test-genrandom.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	unsigned char *c;
 
 	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
+		fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <seed_string> [<size>]\n", argv[0]);
 		return 1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/test-hashmap.c b/test-hashmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc2891dd97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-hashmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+
+struct test_entry
+{
+	struct hashmap_entry ent;
+	/* key and value as two \0-terminated strings */
+	char key[FLEX_ARRAY];
+};
+
+static const char *get_value(const struct test_entry *e)
+{
+	return e->key + strlen(e->key) + 1;
+}
+
+static int test_entry_cmp(const struct test_entry *e1,
+		const struct test_entry *e2, const char* key)
+{
+	return strcmp(e1->key, key ? key : e2->key);
+}
+
+static int test_entry_cmp_icase(const struct test_entry *e1,
+		const struct test_entry *e2, const char* key)
+{
+	return strcasecmp(e1->key, key ? key : e2->key);
+}
+
+static struct test_entry *alloc_test_entry(int hash, char *key, int klen,
+		char *value, int vlen)
+{
+	struct test_entry *entry = malloc(sizeof(struct test_entry) + klen
+			+ vlen + 2);
+	hashmap_entry_init(entry, hash);
+	memcpy(entry->key, key, klen + 1);
+	memcpy(entry->key + klen + 1, value, vlen + 1);
+	return entry;
+}
+
+#define HASH_METHOD_FNV 0
+#define HASH_METHOD_I 1
+#define HASH_METHOD_IDIV10 2
+#define HASH_METHOD_0 3
+#define HASH_METHOD_X2 4
+#define TEST_SPARSE 8
+#define TEST_ADD 16
+#define TEST_SIZE 100000
+
+static unsigned int hash(unsigned int method, unsigned int i, const char *key)
+{
+	unsigned int hash = 0;
+	switch (method & 3)
+	{
+	case HASH_METHOD_FNV:
+		hash = strhash(key);
+		break;
+	case HASH_METHOD_I:
+		hash = i;
+		break;
+	case HASH_METHOD_IDIV10:
+		hash = i / 10;
+		break;
+	case HASH_METHOD_0:
+		hash = 0;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (method & HASH_METHOD_X2)
+		hash = 2 * hash;
+	return hash;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test performance of hashmap.[ch]
+ * Usage: time echo "perfhashmap method rounds" | test-hashmap
+ */
+static void perf_hashmap(unsigned int method, unsigned int rounds)
+{
+	struct hashmap map;
+	char buf[16];
+	struct test_entry **entries;
+	unsigned int *hashes;
+	unsigned int i, j;
+
+	entries = malloc(TEST_SIZE * sizeof(struct test_entry *));
+	hashes = malloc(TEST_SIZE * sizeof(int));
+	for (i = 0; i < TEST_SIZE; i++) {
+		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%i", i);
+		entries[i] = alloc_test_entry(0, buf, strlen(buf), "", 0);
+		hashes[i] = hash(method, i, entries[i]->key);
+	}
+
+	if (method & TEST_ADD) {
+		/* test adding to the map */
+		for (j = 0; j < rounds; j++) {
+			hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) test_entry_cmp, 0);
+
+			/* add entries */
+			for (i = 0; i < TEST_SIZE; i++) {
+				hashmap_entry_init(entries[i], hashes[i]);
+				hashmap_add(&map, entries[i]);
+			}
+
+			hashmap_free(&map, 0);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* test map lookups */
+		hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) test_entry_cmp, 0);
+
+		/* fill the map (sparsely if specified) */
+		j = (method & TEST_SPARSE) ? TEST_SIZE / 10 : TEST_SIZE;
+		for (i = 0; i < j; i++) {
+			hashmap_entry_init(entries[i], hashes[i]);
+			hashmap_add(&map, entries[i]);
+		}
+
+		for (j = 0; j < rounds; j++) {
+			for (i = 0; i < TEST_SIZE; i++) {
+				hashmap_get_from_hash(&map, hashes[i],
+						      entries[i]->key);
+			}
+		}
+
+		hashmap_free(&map, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+#define DELIM " \t\r\n"
+
+/*
+ * Read stdin line by line and print result of commands to stdout:
+ *
+ * hash key -> strhash(key) memhash(key) strihash(key) memihash(key)
+ * put key value -> NULL / old value
+ * get key -> NULL / value
+ * remove key -> NULL / old value
+ * iterate -> key1 value1\nkey2 value2\n...
+ * size -> tablesize numentries
+ *
+ * perfhashmap method rounds -> test hashmap.[ch] performance
+ */
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	char line[1024];
+	struct hashmap map;
+	int icase;
+
+	/* init hash map */
+	icase = argc > 1 && !strcmp("ignorecase", argv[1]);
+	hashmap_init(&map, (hashmap_cmp_fn) (icase ? test_entry_cmp_icase
+			: test_entry_cmp), 0);
+
+	/* process commands from stdin */
+	while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin)) {
+		char *cmd, *p1 = NULL, *p2 = NULL;
+		int l1 = 0, l2 = 0, hash = 0;
+		struct test_entry *entry;
+
+		/* break line into command and up to two parameters */
+		cmd = strtok(line, DELIM);
+		/* ignore empty lines */
+		if (!cmd || *cmd == '#')
+			continue;
+
+		p1 = strtok(NULL, DELIM);
+		if (p1) {
+			l1 = strlen(p1);
+			hash = icase ? strihash(p1) : strhash(p1);
+			p2 = strtok(NULL, DELIM);
+			if (p2)
+				l2 = strlen(p2);
+		}
+
+		if (!strcmp("hash", cmd) && l1) {
+
+			/* print results of different hash functions */
+			printf("%u %u %u %u\n", strhash(p1), memhash(p1, l1),
+					strihash(p1), memihash(p1, l1));
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("add", cmd) && l1 && l2) {
+
+			/* create entry with key = p1, value = p2 */
+			entry = alloc_test_entry(hash, p1, l1, p2, l2);
+
+			/* add to hashmap */
+			hashmap_add(&map, entry);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("put", cmd) && l1 && l2) {
+
+			/* create entry with key = p1, value = p2 */
+			entry = alloc_test_entry(hash, p1, l1, p2, l2);
+
+			/* add / replace entry */
+			entry = hashmap_put(&map, entry);
+
+			/* print and free replaced entry, if any */
+			puts(entry ? get_value(entry) : "NULL");
+			free(entry);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("get", cmd) && l1) {
+
+			/* lookup entry in hashmap */
+			entry = hashmap_get_from_hash(&map, hash, p1);
+
+			/* print result */
+			if (!entry)
+				puts("NULL");
+			while (entry) {
+				puts(get_value(entry));
+				entry = hashmap_get_next(&map, entry);
+			}
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("remove", cmd) && l1) {
+
+			/* setup static key */
+			struct hashmap_entry key;
+			hashmap_entry_init(&key, hash);
+
+			/* remove entry from hashmap */
+			entry = hashmap_remove(&map, &key, p1);
+
+			/* print result and free entry*/
+			puts(entry ? get_value(entry) : "NULL");
+			free(entry);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("iterate", cmd)) {
+
+			struct hashmap_iter iter;
+			hashmap_iter_init(&map, &iter);
+			while ((entry = hashmap_iter_next(&iter)))
+				printf("%s %s\n", entry->key, get_value(entry));
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("size", cmd)) {
+
+			/* print table sizes */
+			printf("%u %u\n", map.tablesize, map.size);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("intern", cmd) && l1) {
+
+			/* test that strintern works */
+			const char *i1 = strintern(p1);
+			const char *i2 = strintern(p1);
+			if (strcmp(i1, p1))
+				printf("strintern(%s) returns %s\n", p1, i1);
+			else if (i1 == p1)
+				printf("strintern(%s) returns input pointer\n", p1);
+			else if (i1 != i2)
+				printf("strintern(%s) != strintern(%s)", i1, i2);
+			else
+				printf("%s\n", i1);
+
+		} else if (!strcmp("perfhashmap", cmd) && l1 && l2) {
+
+			perf_hashmap(atoi(p1), atoi(p2));
+
+		} else {
+
+			printf("Unknown command %s\n", cmd);
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	hashmap_free(&map, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-index-version.c b/test-index-version.c
index bfaad9e09e..05d4699c4a 100644
--- a/test-index-version.c
+++ b/test-index-version.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct cache_header hdr;
 	int version;
diff --git a/test-line-buffer.c b/test-line-buffer.c
index 7ec9b13c9b..1e58f0476f 100644
--- a/test-line-buffer.c
+++ b/test-line-buffer.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ static void handle_command(const char *command, const char *arg, struct line_buf
 {
 	switch (*command) {
 	case 'b':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "binary ")) {
+		if (starts_with(command, "binary ")) {
 			struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 			strbuf_addch(&sb, '>');
 			buffer_read_binary(buf, &sb, strtouint32(arg));
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ static void handle_command(const char *command, const char *arg, struct line_buf
 			return;
 		}
 	case 'c':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "copy ")) {
+		if (starts_with(command, "copy ")) {
 			buffer_copy_bytes(buf, strtouint32(arg));
 			return;
 		}
 	case 's':
-		if (!prefixcmp(command, "skip ")) {
+		if (starts_with(command, "skip ")) {
 			buffer_skip_bytes(buf, strtouint32(arg));
 			return;
 		}
@@ -87,6 +87,5 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 		die("input error");
 	if (ferror(stdout))
 		die("output error");
-	buffer_reset(&stdin_buf);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/test-match-trees.c b/test-match-trees.c
index a3c4688778..2ef725e5ff 100644
--- a/test-match-trees.c
+++ b/test-match-trees.c
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 		die("cannot parse %s as an object name", av[2]);
 	one = parse_tree_indirect(hash1);
 	if (!one)
-		die("not a treeish %s", av[1]);
+		die("not a tree-ish %s", av[1]);
 	two = parse_tree_indirect(hash2);
 	if (!two)
-		die("not a treeish %s", av[2]);
+		die("not a tree-ish %s", av[2]);
 
 	shift_tree(one->object.sha1, two->object.sha1, shifted, -1);
 	printf("shifted: %s\n", sha1_to_hex(shifted));
diff --git a/test-mergesort.c b/test-mergesort.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea3b959e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-mergesort.c
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "mergesort.h"
+
+struct line {
+	char *text;
+	struct line *next;
+};
+
+static void *get_next(const void *a)
+{
+	return ((const struct line *)a)->next;
+}
+
+static void set_next(void *a, void *b)
+{
+	((struct line *)a)->next = b;
+}
+
+static int compare_strings(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	const struct line *x = a, *y = b;
+	return strcmp(x->text, y->text);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct line *line, *p = NULL, *lines = NULL;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (strbuf_getwholeline(&sb, stdin, '\n'))
+			break;
+		line = xmalloc(sizeof(struct line));
+		line->text = strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+		if (p) {
+			line->next = p->next;
+			p->next = line;
+		} else {
+			line->next = NULL;
+			lines = line;
+		}
+		p = line;
+	}
+
+	lines = llist_mergesort(lines, get_next, set_next, compare_strings);
+
+	while (lines) {
+		printf("%s", lines->text);
+		lines = lines->next;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-parse-options.c b/test-parse-options.c
index 3c9510a701..5dabce60f3 100644
--- a/test-parse-options.c
+++ b/test-parse-options.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ static int number_callback(const struct option *opt, const char *arg, int unset)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int main(int argc, const char **argv)
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	const char *prefix = "prefix/";
 	const char *usage[] = {
@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 		OPT_STRING(0, "st", &string, "st", "get another string (pervert ordering)"),
 		OPT_STRING('o', NULL, &string, "str", "get another string"),
 		OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "obsolete"),
-		OPT_SET_PTR(0, "default-string", &string,
-			"set string to default", (unsigned long)"default"),
 		OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "list", &list, "str", "add str to list"),
 		OPT_GROUP("Magic arguments"),
 		OPT_ARGUMENT("quux", "means --quux"),
@@ -81,7 +79,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char **argv)
 	};
 	int i;
 
-	argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
+	argc = parse_options(argc, (const char **)argv, prefix, options, usage, 0);
 
 	printf("boolean: %d\n", boolean);
 	printf("integer: %u\n", integer);
diff --git a/test-path-utils.c b/test-path-utils.c
index 3bc20e91da..3dd3744a57 100644
--- a/test-path-utils.c
+++ b/test-path-utils.c
@@ -1,4 +1,45 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * A "string_list_each_func_t" function that normalizes an entry from
+ * GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES.  If the path is unusable for some reason,
+ * die with an explanation.
+ */
+static int normalize_ceiling_entry(struct string_list_item *item, void *unused)
+{
+	const char *ceil = item->string;
+	int len = strlen(ceil);
+	char buf[PATH_MAX+1];
+
+	if (len == 0)
+		die("Empty path is not supported");
+	if (len > PATH_MAX)
+		die("Path \"%s\" is too long", ceil);
+	if (!is_absolute_path(ceil))
+		die("Path \"%s\" is not absolute", ceil);
+	if (normalize_path_copy(buf, ceil) < 0)
+		die("Path \"%s\" could not be normalized", ceil);
+	len = strlen(buf);
+	if (len > 1 && buf[len-1] == '/')
+		die("Normalized path \"%s\" ended with slash", buf);
+	free(item->string);
+	item->string = xstrdup(buf);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void normalize_argv_string(const char **var, const char *input)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(input, "<null>"))
+		*var = NULL;
+	else if (!strcmp(input, "<empty>"))
+		*var = "";
+	else
+		*var = input;
+
+	if (*var && (**var == '<' || **var == '('))
+		die("Bad value: %s\n", input);
+}
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
@@ -30,7 +71,28 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 
 	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "longest_ancestor_length")) {
-		int len = longest_ancestor_length(argv[2], argv[3]);
+		int len;
+		struct string_list ceiling_dirs = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		char *path = xstrdup(argv[2]);
+
+		/*
+		 * We have to normalize the arguments because under
+		 * Windows, bash mangles arguments that look like
+		 * absolute POSIX paths or colon-separate lists of
+		 * absolute POSIX paths into DOS paths (e.g.,
+		 * "/foo:/foo/bar" might be converted to
+		 * "D:\Src\msysgit\foo;D:\Src\msysgit\foo\bar"),
+		 * whereas longest_ancestor_length() requires paths
+		 * that use forward slashes.
+		 */
+		if (normalize_path_copy(path, path))
+			die("Path \"%s\" could not be normalized", argv[2]);
+		string_list_split(&ceiling_dirs, argv[3], PATH_SEP, -1);
+		filter_string_list(&ceiling_dirs, 0,
+				   normalize_ceiling_entry, NULL);
+		len = longest_ancestor_length(path, &ceiling_dirs);
+		string_list_clear(&ceiling_dirs, 0);
+		free(path);
 		printf("%d\n", len);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -54,6 +116,25 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "print_path")) {
+		puts(argv[2]);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "relative_path")) {
+		struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+		const char *in, *prefix, *rel;
+		normalize_argv_string(&in, argv[2]);
+		normalize_argv_string(&prefix, argv[3]);
+		rel = relative_path(in, prefix, &sb);
+		if (!rel)
+			puts("(null)");
+		else
+			puts(strlen(rel) > 0 ? rel : "(empty)");
+		strbuf_release(&sb);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
 		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
 	return 1;
diff --git a/test-prio-queue.c b/test-prio-queue.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7be72f0086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-prio-queue.c
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "prio-queue.h"
+
+static int intcmp(const void *va, const void *vb, void *data)
+{
+	const int *a = va, *b = vb;
+	return *a - *b;
+}
+
+static void show(int *v)
+{
+	if (!v)
+		printf("NULL\n");
+	else
+		printf("%d\n", *v);
+	free(v);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct prio_queue pq = { intcmp };
+
+	while (*++argv) {
+		if (!strcmp(*argv, "get"))
+			show(prio_queue_get(&pq));
+		else if (!strcmp(*argv, "dump")) {
+			int *v;
+			while ((v = prio_queue_get(&pq)))
+			       show(v);
+		}
+		else {
+			int *v = malloc(sizeof(*v));
+			*v = atoi(*argv);
+			prio_queue_put(&pq, v);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-read-cache.c b/test-read-cache.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b25bcf139b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-read-cache.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i, cnt = 1;
+	if (argc == 2)
+		cnt = strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
+		read_cache();
+		discard_cache();
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-regex.c b/test-regex.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0dc598ecdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-regex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	char *pat = "[^={} \t]+";
+	char *str = "={}\nfred";
+	regex_t r;
+	regmatch_t m[1];
+
+	if (regcomp(&r, pat, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE))
+		die("failed regcomp() for pattern '%s'", pat);
+	if (regexec(&r, str, 1, m, 0))
+		die("no match of pattern '%s' to string '%s'", pat, str);
+
+	/* http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3957  */
+	if (m[0].rm_so == 3) /* matches '\n' when it should not */
+		die("regex bug confirmed: re-build git with NO_REGEX=1");
+
+	exit(0);
+}
diff --git a/test-revision-walking.c b/test-revision-walking.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ade02c72d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-revision-walking.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * test-revision-walking.c: test revision walking API.
+ *
+ * (C) 2012 Heiko Voigt <hvoigt@hvoigt.net>
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ */
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "diff.h"
+#include "revision.h"
+
+static void print_commit(struct commit *commit)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct pretty_print_context ctx = {0};
+	ctx.date_mode = DATE_NORMAL;
+	format_commit_message(commit, " %m %s", &sb, &ctx);
+	printf("%s\n", sb.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+}
+
+static int run_revision_walk(void)
+{
+	struct rev_info rev;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	const char *argv[] = {NULL, "--all", NULL};
+	int argc = ARRAY_SIZE(argv) - 1;
+	int got_revision = 0;
+
+	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
+	setup_revisions(argc, argv, &rev, NULL);
+	if (prepare_revision_walk(&rev))
+		die("revision walk setup failed");
+
+	while ((commit = get_revision(&rev)) != NULL) {
+		print_commit(commit);
+		got_revision = 1;
+	}
+
+	reset_revision_walk();
+	return got_revision;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (argc < 2)
+		return 1;
+
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "run-twice")) {
+		printf("1st\n");
+		if (!run_revision_walk())
+			return 1;
+		printf("2nd\n");
+		if (!run_revision_walk())
+			return 1;
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "check usage\n");
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/test-run-command.c b/test-run-command.c
index 37918e15f5..89c7de2c60 100644
--- a/test-run-command.c
+++ b/test-run-command.c
@@ -15,9 +15,7 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	struct child_process proc;
-
-	memset(&proc, 0, sizeof(proc));
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
 	if (argc < 3)
 		return 1;
diff --git a/test-scrap-cache-tree.c b/test-scrap-cache-tree.c
index 4728013910..6efee31a48 100644
--- a/test-scrap-cache-tree.c
+++ b/test-scrap-cache-tree.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "lockfile.h"
 #include "tree.h"
 #include "cache-tree.h"
 
@@ -6,12 +7,11 @@ static struct lock_file index_lock;
 
 int main(int ac, char **av)
 {
-	int fd = hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
+	hold_locked_index(&index_lock, 1);
 	if (read_cache() < 0)
 		die("unable to read index file");
 	active_cache_tree = NULL;
-	if (write_cache(fd, active_cache, active_nr)
-	    || commit_lock_file(&index_lock))
+	if (write_locked_index(&the_index, &index_lock, COMMIT_LOCK))
 		die("unable to write index file");
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/test-sha1-array.c b/test-sha1-array.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ddc491eff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-sha1-array.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
+
+static void print_sha1(const unsigned char sha1[20], void *data)
+{
+	puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	struct sha1_array array = SHA1_ARRAY_INIT;
+	struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	while (strbuf_getline(&line, stdin, '\n') != EOF) {
+		const char *arg;
+		unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+		if (skip_prefix(line.buf, "append ", &arg)) {
+			if (get_sha1_hex(arg, sha1))
+				die("not a hexadecimal SHA1: %s", arg);
+			sha1_array_append(&array, sha1);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(line.buf, "lookup ", &arg)) {
+			if (get_sha1_hex(arg, sha1))
+				die("not a hexadecimal SHA1: %s", arg);
+			printf("%d\n", sha1_array_lookup(&array, sha1));
+		} else if (!strcmp(line.buf, "clear"))
+			sha1_array_clear(&array);
+		else if (!strcmp(line.buf, "for_each_unique"))
+			sha1_array_for_each_unique(&array, print_sha1, NULL);
+		else
+			die("unknown command: %s", line.buf);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/test-sha1.c b/test-sha1.c
index 80daba980e..e57eae10bf 100644
--- a/test-sha1.c
+++ b/test-sha1.c
@@ -5,10 +5,15 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 	git_SHA_CTX ctx;
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	unsigned bufsz = 8192;
+	int binary = 0;
 	char *buffer;
 
-	if (ac == 2)
-		bufsz = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10) * 1024 * 1024;
+	if (ac == 2) {
+		if (!strcmp(av[1], "-b"))
+			binary = 1;
+		else
+			bufsz = strtoul(av[1], NULL, 10) * 1024 * 1024;
+	}
 
 	if (!bufsz)
 		bufsz = 8192;
@@ -42,6 +47,10 @@ int main(int ac, char **av)
 		git_SHA1_Update(&ctx, buffer, this_sz);
 	}
 	git_SHA1_Final(sha1, &ctx);
-	puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+
+	if (binary)
+		fwrite(sha1, 1, 20, stdout);
+	else
+		puts(sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	exit(0);
 }
diff --git a/test-sigchain.c b/test-sigchain.c
index 42db234e87..e499fce60f 100644
--- a/test-sigchain.c
+++ b/test-sigchain.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-#include "sigchain.h"
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "sigchain.h"
 
 #define X(f) \
 static void f(int sig) { \
diff --git a/test-string-list.c b/test-string-list.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14bdf9d215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-string-list.c
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * Parse an argument into a string list.  arg should either be a
+ * ':'-separated list of strings, or "-" to indicate an empty string
+ * list (as opposed to "", which indicates a string list containing a
+ * single empty string).  list->strdup_strings must be set.
+ */
+static void parse_string_list(struct string_list *list, const char *arg)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(arg, "-"))
+		return;
+
+	(void)string_list_split(list, arg, ':', -1);
+}
+
+static void write_list(const struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < list->nr; i++)
+		printf("[%d]: \"%s\"\n", i, list->items[i].string);
+}
+
+static void write_list_compact(const struct string_list *list)
+{
+	int i;
+	if (!list->nr)
+		printf("-\n");
+	else {
+		printf("%s", list->items[0].string);
+		for (i = 1; i < list->nr; i++)
+			printf(":%s", list->items[i].string);
+		printf("\n");
+	}
+}
+
+static int prefix_cb(struct string_list_item *item, void *cb_data)
+{
+	const char *prefix = (const char *)cb_data;
+	return starts_with(item->string, prefix);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	if (argc == 5 && !strcmp(argv[1], "split")) {
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		int i;
+		const char *s = argv[2];
+		int delim = *argv[3];
+		int maxsplit = atoi(argv[4]);
+
+		i = string_list_split(&list, s, delim, maxsplit);
+		printf("%d\n", i);
+		write_list(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 5 && !strcmp(argv[1], "split_in_place")) {
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+		int i;
+		char *s = xstrdup(argv[2]);
+		int delim = *argv[3];
+		int maxsplit = atoi(argv[4]);
+
+		i = string_list_split_in_place(&list, s, delim, maxsplit);
+		printf("%d\n", i);
+		write_list(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		free(s);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 4 && !strcmp(argv[1], "filter")) {
+		/*
+		 * Retain only the items that have the specified prefix.
+		 * Arguments: list|- prefix
+		 */
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+		const char *prefix = argv[3];
+
+		parse_string_list(&list, argv[2]);
+		filter_string_list(&list, 0, prefix_cb, (void *)prefix);
+		write_list_compact(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (argc == 3 && !strcmp(argv[1], "remove_duplicates")) {
+		struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+		parse_string_list(&list, argv[2]);
+		string_list_remove_duplicates(&list, 0);
+		write_list_compact(&list);
+		string_list_clear(&list, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown function name: %s\n", argv[0],
+		argv[1] ? argv[1] : "(there was none)");
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/test-subprocess.c b/test-subprocess.c
index 8926bc52a9..56881a0324 100644
--- a/test-subprocess.c
+++ b/test-subprocess.c
@@ -3,18 +3,17 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-	struct child_process cp;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	int nogit = 0;
 
 	setup_git_directory_gently(&nogit);
 	if (nogit)
 		die("No git repo found");
-	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--setup-work-tree")) {
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--setup-work-tree")) {
 		setup_work_tree();
 		argv++;
 	}
-	memset(&cp, 0, sizeof(cp));
 	cp.git_cmd = 1;
-	cp.argv = (const char **)argv+1;
+	cp.argv = (const char **)argv + 1;
 	return run_command(&cp);
 }
diff --git a/test-svn-fe.c b/test-svn-fe.c
index 332a5f711d..120ec96b0d 100644
--- a/test-svn-fe.c
+++ b/test-svn-fe.c
@@ -24,16 +24,14 @@ static int apply_delta(int argc, char *argv[])
 		die_errno("cannot open preimage");
 	if (buffer_init(&delta, argv[3]))
 		die_errno("cannot open delta");
-	if (svndiff0_apply(&delta, (off_t) strtoull(argv[4], NULL, 0),
+	if (svndiff0_apply(&delta, (off_t) strtoumax(argv[4], NULL, 0),
 					&preimage_view, stdout))
 		return 1;
 	if (buffer_deinit(&preimage))
 		die_errno("cannot close preimage");
 	if (buffer_deinit(&delta))
 		die_errno("cannot close delta");
-	buffer_reset(&preimage);
 	strbuf_release(&preimage_view.buf);
-	buffer_reset(&delta);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	if (argc == 2) {
 		if (svndump_init(argv[1]))
 			return 1;
-		svndump_read(NULL);
+		svndump_read(NULL, "refs/heads/master", "refs/notes/svn/revs");
 		svndump_deinit();
 		svndump_reset();
 		return 0;
diff --git a/test-urlmatch-normalization.c b/test-urlmatch-normalization.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..090bf219a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-urlmatch-normalization.c
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	const char usage[] = "test-urlmatch-normalization [-p | -l] <url1> | <url1> <url2>";
+	char *url1, *url2;
+	int opt_p = 0, opt_l = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * For one url, succeed if url_normalize succeeds on it, fail otherwise.
+	 * For two urls, succeed only if url_normalize succeeds on both and
+	 * the results compare equal with strcmp.  If -p is given (one url only)
+	 * and url_normalize succeeds, print the result followed by "\n".  If
+	 * -l is given (one url only) and url_normalize succeeds, print the
+	 * returned length in decimal followed by "\n".
+	 */
+
+	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-p")) {
+		opt_p = 1;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	} else if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-l")) {
+		opt_l = 1;
+		argc--;
+		argv++;
+	}
+
+	if (argc < 2 || argc > 3)
+		die("%s", usage);
+
+	if (argc == 2) {
+		struct url_info info;
+		url1 = url_normalize(argv[1], &info);
+		if (!url1)
+			return 1;
+		if (opt_p)
+			printf("%s\n", url1);
+		if (opt_l)
+			printf("%u\n", (unsigned)info.url_len);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (opt_p || opt_l)
+		die("%s", usage);
+
+	url1 = url_normalize(argv[1], NULL);
+	url2 = url_normalize(argv[2], NULL);
+	return (url1 && url2 && !strcmp(url1, url2)) ? 0 : 1;
+}
diff --git a/test-wildmatch.c b/test-wildmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..578b164fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test-wildmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 2; i < argc; i++) {
+		if (argv[i][0] == '/')
+			die("Forward slash is not allowed at the beginning of the\n"
+			    "pattern because Windows does not like it. Use `XXX/' instead.");
+		else if (!strncmp(argv[i], "XXX/", 4))
+			argv[i] += 3;
+	}
+	if (!strcmp(argv[1], "wildmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], WM_PATHNAME, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "iwildmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], WM_PATHNAME | WM_CASEFOLD, NULL);
+	else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "pathmatch"))
+		return !!wildmatch(argv[3], argv[2], 0, NULL);
+	else
+		return 1;
+}
diff --git a/thread-utils.c b/thread-utils.c
index 7f4b76a958..a2135e0743 100644
--- a/thread-utils.c
+++ b/thread-utils.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ int online_cpus(void)
 	long ncpus;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE
 	SYSTEM_INFO info;
 	GetSystemInfo(&info);
 
@@ -35,7 +35,23 @@ int online_cpus(void)
 
 	if (!pstat_getdynamic(&psd, sizeof(psd), (size_t)1, 0))
 		return (int)psd.psd_proc_cnt;
-#endif
+#elif defined(HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL) && defined(HW_NCPU)
+	int mib[2];
+	size_t len;
+	int cpucount;
+
+	mib[0] = CTL_HW;
+#  ifdef HW_AVAILCPU
+	mib[1] = HW_AVAILCPU;
+	len = sizeof(cpucount);
+	if (!sysctl(mib, 2, &cpucount, &len, NULL, 0))
+		return cpucount;
+#  endif /* HW_AVAILCPU */
+	mib[1] = HW_NCPU;
+	len = sizeof(cpucount);
+	if (!sysctl(mib, 2, &cpucount, &len, NULL, 0))
+		return cpucount;
+#endif /* defined(HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL) && defined(HW_NCPU) */
 
 #ifdef _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN
 	if ((ncpus = (long)sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)) > 0)
diff --git a/thread-utils.h b/thread-utils.h
index 6fb98c333c..d9a769d190 100644
--- a/thread-utils.h
+++ b/thread-utils.h
@@ -7,5 +7,9 @@
 extern int online_cpus(void);
 extern int init_recursive_mutex(pthread_mutex_t*);
 
+#else
+
+#define online_cpus() 1
+
 #endif
 #endif /* THREAD_COMPAT_H */
diff --git a/trace.c b/trace.c
index d95341693f..1dc5c7c912 100644
--- a/trace.c
+++ b/trace.c
@@ -26,109 +26,248 @@
 #include "quote.h"
 
 /* Get a trace file descriptor from "key" env variable. */
-static int get_trace_fd(const char *key, int *need_close)
+static int get_trace_fd(struct trace_key *key)
 {
-	char *trace = getenv(key);
+	static struct trace_key trace_default = { "GIT_TRACE" };
+	const char *trace;
+
+	/* use default "GIT_TRACE" if NULL */
+	if (!key)
+		key = &trace_default;
+
+	/* don't open twice */
+	if (key->initialized)
+		return key->fd;
+
+	trace = getenv(key->key);
 
 	if (!trace || !strcmp(trace, "") ||
 	    !strcmp(trace, "0") || !strcasecmp(trace, "false"))
-		return 0;
-	if (!strcmp(trace, "1") || !strcasecmp(trace, "true"))
-		return STDERR_FILENO;
-	if (strlen(trace) == 1 && isdigit(*trace))
-		return atoi(trace);
-	if (is_absolute_path(trace)) {
+		key->fd = 0;
+	else if (!strcmp(trace, "1") || !strcasecmp(trace, "true"))
+		key->fd = STDERR_FILENO;
+	else if (strlen(trace) == 1 && isdigit(*trace))
+		key->fd = atoi(trace);
+	else if (is_absolute_path(trace)) {
 		int fd = open(trace, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0666);
 		if (fd == -1) {
 			fprintf(stderr,
 				"Could not open '%s' for tracing: %s\n"
 				"Defaulting to tracing on stderr...\n",
 				trace, strerror(errno));
-			return STDERR_FILENO;
+			key->fd = STDERR_FILENO;
+		} else {
+			key->fd = fd;
+			key->need_close = 1;
 		}
-		*need_close = 1;
-		return fd;
+	} else {
+		fprintf(stderr, "What does '%s' for %s mean?\n"
+			"If you want to trace into a file, then please set "
+			"%s to an absolute pathname (starting with /).\n"
+			"Defaulting to tracing on stderr...\n",
+			trace, key->key, key->key);
+		key->fd = STDERR_FILENO;
 	}
 
-	fprintf(stderr, "What does '%s' for %s mean?\n", trace, key);
-	fprintf(stderr, "If you want to trace into a file, "
-		"then please set %s to an absolute pathname "
-		"(starting with /).\n", key);
-	fprintf(stderr, "Defaulting to tracing on stderr...\n");
+	key->initialized = 1;
+	return key->fd;
+}
 
-	return STDERR_FILENO;
+void trace_disable(struct trace_key *key)
+{
+	if (key->need_close)
+		close(key->fd);
+	key->fd = 0;
+	key->initialized = 1;
+	key->need_close = 0;
 }
 
 static const char err_msg[] = "Could not trace into fd given by "
 	"GIT_TRACE environment variable";
 
-void trace_vprintf(const char *key, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+static int prepare_trace_line(const char *file, int line,
+			      struct trace_key *key, struct strbuf *buf)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct trace_key trace_bare = TRACE_KEY_INIT(BARE);
+	struct timeval tv;
+	struct tm tm;
+	time_t secs;
 
 	if (!trace_want(key))
-		return;
+		return 0;
 
 	set_try_to_free_routine(NULL);	/* is never reset */
-	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, ap);
-	trace_strbuf(key, &buf);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	/* unit tests may want to disable additional trace output */
+	if (trace_want(&trace_bare))
+		return 1;
+
+	/* print current timestamp */
+	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	secs = tv.tv_sec;
+	localtime_r(&secs, &tm);
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%02d:%02d:%02d.%06ld ", tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min,
+		    tm.tm_sec, (long) tv.tv_usec);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS
+	/* print file:line */
+	strbuf_addf(buf, "%s:%d ", file, line);
+	/* align trace output (column 40 catches most files names in git) */
+	while (buf->len < 40)
+		strbuf_addch(buf, ' ');
+#endif
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void print_trace_line(struct trace_key *key, struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	strbuf_complete_line(buf);
+
+	write_or_whine_pipe(get_trace_fd(key), buf->buf, buf->len, err_msg);
+	strbuf_release(buf);
+}
+
+static void trace_vprintf_fl(const char *file, int line, struct trace_key *key,
+			     const char *format, va_list ap)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!prepare_trace_line(file, line, key, &buf))
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, ap);
+	print_trace_line(key, &buf);
+}
+
+static void trace_argv_vprintf_fl(const char *file, int line,
+				  const char **argv, const char *format,
+				  va_list ap)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!prepare_trace_line(file, line, NULL, &buf))
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, ap);
+
+	sq_quote_argv(&buf, argv, 0);
+	print_trace_line(NULL, &buf);
+}
+
+void trace_strbuf_fl(const char *file, int line, struct trace_key *key,
+		     const struct strbuf *data)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!prepare_trace_line(file, line, key, &buf))
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_addbuf(&buf, data);
+	print_trace_line(key, &buf);
+}
+
+static struct trace_key trace_perf_key = TRACE_KEY_INIT(PERFORMANCE);
+
+static void trace_performance_vprintf_fl(const char *file, int line,
+					 uint64_t nanos, const char *format,
+					 va_list ap)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (!prepare_trace_line(file, line, &trace_perf_key, &buf))
+		return;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "performance: %.9f s", (double) nanos / 1000000000);
+
+	if (format && *format) {
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, ": ");
+		strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, ap);
+	}
+
+	print_trace_line(&trace_perf_key, &buf);
 }
 
-static void trace_printf_key(const char *key, const char *fmt, ...)
+#ifndef HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS
+
+void trace_printf(const char *format, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	trace_vprintf(key, fmt, ap);
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_vprintf_fl(NULL, 0, NULL, format, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
-void trace_printf(const char *fmt, ...)
+void trace_printf_key(struct trace_key *key, const char *format, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	trace_vprintf("GIT_TRACE", fmt, ap);
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_vprintf_fl(NULL, 0, key, format, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
-void trace_strbuf(const char *key, const struct strbuf *buf)
+void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...)
 {
-	int fd, need_close = 0;
-
-	fd = get_trace_fd(key, &need_close);
-	if (!fd)
-		return;
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_argv_vprintf_fl(NULL, 0, argv, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
 
-	write_or_whine_pipe(fd, buf->buf, buf->len, err_msg);
+void trace_strbuf(struct trace_key *key, const struct strbuf *data)
+{
+	trace_strbuf_fl(NULL, 0, key, data);
+}
 
-	if (need_close)
-		close(fd);
+void trace_performance(uint64_t nanos, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_performance_vprintf_fl(NULL, 0, nanos, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
 }
 
-void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *fmt, ...)
+void trace_performance_since(uint64_t start, const char *format, ...)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	va_list ap;
-	int fd, need_close = 0;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_performance_vprintf_fl(NULL, 0, getnanotime() - start,
+				     format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
 
-	fd = get_trace_fd("GIT_TRACE", &need_close);
-	if (!fd)
-		return;
+#else
 
-	set_try_to_free_routine(NULL);	/* is never reset */
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, fmt, ap);
+void trace_printf_key_fl(const char *file, int line, struct trace_key *key,
+			 const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_vprintf_fl(file, line, key, format, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
+}
 
-	sq_quote_argv(&buf, argv, 0);
-	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
-	write_or_whine_pipe(fd, buf.buf, buf.len, err_msg);
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
+void trace_argv_printf_fl(const char *file, int line, const char **argv,
+			  const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_argv_vprintf_fl(file, line, argv, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+}
 
-	if (need_close)
-		close(fd);
+void trace_performance_fl(const char *file, int line, uint64_t nanos,
+			      const char *format, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	va_start(ap, format);
+	trace_performance_vprintf_fl(file, line, nanos, format, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
 }
 
+#endif /* HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS */
+
+
 static const char *quote_crnl(const char *path)
 {
 	static char new_path[PATH_MAX];
@@ -155,15 +294,14 @@ static const char *quote_crnl(const char *path)
 /* FIXME: move prefix to startup_info struct and get rid of this arg */
 void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix)
 {
-	static const char *key = "GIT_TRACE_SETUP";
+	static struct trace_key key = TRACE_KEY_INIT(SETUP);
 	const char *git_work_tree;
-	char cwd[PATH_MAX];
+	char *cwd;
 
-	if (!trace_want(key))
+	if (!trace_want(&key))
 		return;
 
-	if (!getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX))
-		die("Unable to get current working directory");
+	cwd = xgetcwd();
 
 	if (!(git_work_tree = get_git_work_tree()))
 		git_work_tree = "(null)";
@@ -171,18 +309,119 @@ void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix)
 	if (!prefix)
 		prefix = "(null)";
 
-	trace_printf_key(key, "setup: git_dir: %s\n", quote_crnl(get_git_dir()));
-	trace_printf_key(key, "setup: worktree: %s\n", quote_crnl(git_work_tree));
-	trace_printf_key(key, "setup: cwd: %s\n", quote_crnl(cwd));
-	trace_printf_key(key, "setup: prefix: %s\n", quote_crnl(prefix));
+	trace_printf_key(&key, "setup: git_dir: %s\n", quote_crnl(get_git_dir()));
+	trace_printf_key(&key, "setup: worktree: %s\n", quote_crnl(git_work_tree));
+	trace_printf_key(&key, "setup: cwd: %s\n", quote_crnl(cwd));
+	trace_printf_key(&key, "setup: prefix: %s\n", quote_crnl(prefix));
+
+	free(cwd);
 }
 
-int trace_want(const char *key)
+int trace_want(struct trace_key *key)
 {
-	const char *trace = getenv(key);
+	return !!get_trace_fd(key);
+}
 
-	if (!trace || !strcmp(trace, "") ||
-	    !strcmp(trace, "0") || !strcasecmp(trace, "false"))
+#if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && defined(HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+
+static inline uint64_t highres_nanos(void)
+{
+	struct timespec ts;
+	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts))
 		return 0;
-	return 1;
+	return (uint64_t) ts.tv_sec * 1000000000 + ts.tv_nsec;
+}
+
+#elif defined (GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
+
+static inline uint64_t highres_nanos(void)
+{
+	static uint64_t high_ns, scaled_low_ns;
+	static int scale;
+	LARGE_INTEGER cnt;
+
+	if (!scale) {
+		if (!QueryPerformanceFrequency(&cnt))
+			return 0;
+
+		/* high_ns = number of ns per cnt.HighPart */
+		high_ns = (1000000000LL << 32) / (uint64_t) cnt.QuadPart;
+
+		/*
+		 * Number of ns per cnt.LowPart is 10^9 / frequency (or
+		 * high_ns >> 32). For maximum precision, we scale this factor
+		 * so that it just fits within 32 bit (i.e. won't overflow if
+		 * multiplied with cnt.LowPart).
+		 */
+		scaled_low_ns = high_ns;
+		scale = 32;
+		while (scaled_low_ns >= 0x100000000LL) {
+			scaled_low_ns >>= 1;
+			scale--;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* if QPF worked on initialization, we expect QPC to work as well */
+	QueryPerformanceCounter(&cnt);
+
+	return (high_ns * cnt.HighPart) +
+	       ((scaled_low_ns * cnt.LowPart) >> scale);
+}
+
+#else
+# define highres_nanos() 0
+#endif
+
+static inline uint64_t gettimeofday_nanos(void)
+{
+	struct timeval tv;
+	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+	return (uint64_t) tv.tv_sec * 1000000000 + tv.tv_usec * 1000;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns nanoseconds since the epoch (01/01/1970), for performance tracing
+ * (i.e. favoring high precision over wall clock time accuracy).
+ */
+uint64_t getnanotime(void)
+{
+	static uint64_t offset;
+	if (offset > 1) {
+		/* initialization succeeded, return offset + high res time */
+		return offset + highres_nanos();
+	} else if (offset == 1) {
+		/* initialization failed, fall back to gettimeofday */
+		return gettimeofday_nanos();
+	} else {
+		/* initialize offset if high resolution timer works */
+		uint64_t now = gettimeofday_nanos();
+		uint64_t highres = highres_nanos();
+		if (highres)
+			offset = now - highres;
+		else
+			offset = 1;
+		return now;
+	}
+}
+
+static uint64_t command_start_time;
+static struct strbuf command_line = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+static void print_command_performance_atexit(void)
+{
+	trace_performance_since(command_start_time, "git command:%s",
+				command_line.buf);
+}
+
+void trace_command_performance(const char **argv)
+{
+	if (!trace_want(&trace_perf_key))
+		return;
+
+	if (!command_start_time)
+		atexit(print_command_performance_atexit);
+
+	strbuf_reset(&command_line);
+	sq_quote_argv(&command_line, argv, 0);
+	command_start_time = getnanotime();
 }
diff --git a/trace.h b/trace.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae6a332947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trace.h
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#ifndef TRACE_H
+#define TRACE_H
+
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+struct trace_key {
+	const char * const key;
+	int fd;
+	unsigned int initialized : 1;
+	unsigned int  need_close : 1;
+};
+
+#define TRACE_KEY_INIT(name) { "GIT_TRACE_" #name, 0, 0, 0 }
+
+extern void trace_repo_setup(const char *prefix);
+extern int trace_want(struct trace_key *key);
+extern void trace_disable(struct trace_key *key);
+extern uint64_t getnanotime(void);
+extern void trace_command_performance(const char **argv);
+
+#ifndef HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
+extern void trace_printf(const char *format, ...);
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void trace_printf_key(struct trace_key *key, const char *format, ...);
+
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void trace_argv_printf(const char **argv, const char *format, ...);
+
+extern void trace_strbuf(struct trace_key *key, const struct strbuf *data);
+
+/* Prints elapsed time (in nanoseconds) if GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE is enabled. */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void trace_performance(uint64_t nanos, const char *format, ...);
+
+/* Prints elapsed time since 'start' if GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE is enabled. */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+extern void trace_performance_since(uint64_t start, const char *format, ...);
+
+#else
+
+/*
+ * Macros to add file:line - see above for C-style declarations of how these
+ * should be used.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * TRACE_CONTEXT may be set to __FUNCTION__ if the compiler supports it. The
+ * default is __FILE__, as it is consistent with assert(), and static function
+ * names are not necessarily unique.
+ *
+ * __FILE__ ":" __FUNCTION__ doesn't work with GNUC, as __FILE__ is supplied
+ * by the preprocessor as a string literal, and __FUNCTION__ is filled in by
+ * the compiler as a string constant.
+ */
+#ifndef TRACE_CONTEXT
+# define TRACE_CONTEXT __FILE__
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Note: with C99 variadic macros, __VA_ARGS__ must include the last fixed
+ * parameter ('format' in this case). Otherwise, a call without variable
+ * arguments will have a surplus ','. E.g.:
+ *
+ *  #define foo(format, ...) bar(format, __VA_ARGS__)
+ *  foo("test");
+ *
+ * will expand to
+ *
+ *  bar("test",);
+ *
+ * which is invalid (note the ',)'). With GNUC, '##__VA_ARGS__' drops the
+ * comma, but this is non-standard.
+ */
+
+#define trace_printf(...) \
+	trace_printf_key_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, NULL, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define trace_printf_key(key, ...) \
+	trace_printf_key_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, key, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define trace_argv_printf(argv, ...) \
+	trace_argv_printf_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, argv, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define trace_strbuf(key, data) \
+	trace_strbuf_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, key, data)
+
+#define trace_performance(nanos, ...) \
+	trace_performance_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, nanos, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define trace_performance_since(start, ...) \
+	trace_performance_fl(TRACE_CONTEXT, __LINE__, getnanotime() - (start), \
+			     __VA_ARGS__)
+
+/* backend functions, use non-*fl macros instead */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 4, 5)))
+extern void trace_printf_key_fl(const char *file, int line, struct trace_key *key,
+				const char *format, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 4, 5)))
+extern void trace_argv_printf_fl(const char *file, int line, const char **argv,
+				 const char *format, ...);
+extern void trace_strbuf_fl(const char *file, int line, struct trace_key *key,
+			    const struct strbuf *data);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 4, 5)))
+extern void trace_performance_fl(const char *file, int line,
+				 uint64_t nanos, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+#endif /* HAVE_VARIADIC_MACROS */
+
+#endif /* TRACE_H */
diff --git a/trailer.c b/trailer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b14a567b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trailer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,865 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
+#include "commit.h"
+#include "trailer.h"
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014 Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org>
+ */
+
+enum action_where { WHERE_END, WHERE_AFTER, WHERE_BEFORE, WHERE_START };
+enum action_if_exists { EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT_NEIGHBOR, EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT,
+			EXISTS_ADD, EXISTS_REPLACE, EXISTS_DO_NOTHING };
+enum action_if_missing { MISSING_ADD, MISSING_DO_NOTHING };
+
+struct conf_info {
+	char *name;
+	char *key;
+	char *command;
+	enum action_where where;
+	enum action_if_exists if_exists;
+	enum action_if_missing if_missing;
+};
+
+static struct conf_info default_conf_info;
+
+struct trailer_item {
+	struct trailer_item *previous;
+	struct trailer_item *next;
+	const char *token;
+	const char *value;
+	struct conf_info conf;
+};
+
+static struct trailer_item *first_conf_item;
+
+static char *separators = ":";
+
+#define TRAILER_ARG_STRING "$ARG"
+
+static int after_or_end(enum action_where where)
+{
+	return (where == WHERE_AFTER) || (where == WHERE_END);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the length of the string not including any final
+ * punctuation. E.g., the input "Signed-off-by:" would return
+ * 13, stripping the trailing punctuation but retaining
+ * internal punctuation.
+ */
+static size_t token_len_without_separator(const char *token, size_t len)
+{
+	while (len > 0 && !isalnum(token[len - 1]))
+		len--;
+	return len;
+}
+
+static int same_token(struct trailer_item *a, struct trailer_item *b)
+{
+	size_t a_len = token_len_without_separator(a->token, strlen(a->token));
+	size_t b_len = token_len_without_separator(b->token, strlen(b->token));
+	size_t min_len = (a_len > b_len) ? b_len : a_len;
+
+	return !strncasecmp(a->token, b->token, min_len);
+}
+
+static int same_value(struct trailer_item *a, struct trailer_item *b)
+{
+	return !strcasecmp(a->value, b->value);
+}
+
+static int same_trailer(struct trailer_item *a, struct trailer_item *b)
+{
+	return same_token(a, b) && same_value(a, b);
+}
+
+static inline int contains_only_spaces(const char *str)
+{
+	const char *s = str;
+	while (*s && isspace(*s))
+		s++;
+	return !*s;
+}
+
+static inline void strbuf_replace(struct strbuf *sb, const char *a, const char *b)
+{
+	const char *ptr = strstr(sb->buf, a);
+	if (ptr)
+		strbuf_splice(sb, ptr - sb->buf, strlen(a), b, strlen(b));
+}
+
+static void free_trailer_item(struct trailer_item *item)
+{
+	free(item->conf.name);
+	free(item->conf.key);
+	free(item->conf.command);
+	free((char *)item->token);
+	free((char *)item->value);
+	free(item);
+}
+
+static char last_non_space_char(const char *s)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = strlen(s) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		if (!isspace(s[i]))
+			return s[i];
+	return '\0';
+}
+
+static void print_tok_val(const char *tok, const char *val)
+{
+	char c = last_non_space_char(tok);
+	if (!c)
+		return;
+	if (strchr(separators, c))
+		printf("%s%s\n", tok, val);
+	else
+		printf("%s%c %s\n", tok, separators[0], val);
+}
+
+static void print_all(struct trailer_item *first, int trim_empty)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *item;
+	for (item = first; item; item = item->next) {
+		if (!trim_empty || strlen(item->value) > 0)
+			print_tok_val(item->token, item->value);
+	}
+}
+
+static void update_last(struct trailer_item **last)
+{
+	if (*last)
+		while ((*last)->next != NULL)
+			*last = (*last)->next;
+}
+
+static void update_first(struct trailer_item **first)
+{
+	if (*first)
+		while ((*first)->previous != NULL)
+			*first = (*first)->previous;
+}
+
+static void add_arg_to_input_list(struct trailer_item *on_tok,
+				  struct trailer_item *arg_tok,
+				  struct trailer_item **first,
+				  struct trailer_item **last)
+{
+	if (after_or_end(arg_tok->conf.where)) {
+		arg_tok->next = on_tok->next;
+		on_tok->next = arg_tok;
+		arg_tok->previous = on_tok;
+		if (arg_tok->next)
+			arg_tok->next->previous = arg_tok;
+		update_last(last);
+	} else {
+		arg_tok->previous = on_tok->previous;
+		on_tok->previous = arg_tok;
+		arg_tok->next = on_tok;
+		if (arg_tok->previous)
+			arg_tok->previous->next = arg_tok;
+		update_first(first);
+	}
+}
+
+static int check_if_different(struct trailer_item *in_tok,
+			      struct trailer_item *arg_tok,
+			      int check_all)
+{
+	enum action_where where = arg_tok->conf.where;
+	do {
+		if (!in_tok)
+			return 1;
+		if (same_trailer(in_tok, arg_tok))
+			return 0;
+		/*
+		 * if we want to add a trailer after another one,
+		 * we have to check those before this one
+		 */
+		in_tok = after_or_end(where) ? in_tok->previous : in_tok->next;
+	} while (check_all);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void remove_from_list(struct trailer_item *item,
+			     struct trailer_item **first,
+			     struct trailer_item **last)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *next = item->next;
+	struct trailer_item *previous = item->previous;
+
+	if (next) {
+		item->next->previous = previous;
+		item->next = NULL;
+	} else if (last)
+		*last = previous;
+
+	if (previous) {
+		item->previous->next = next;
+		item->previous = NULL;
+	} else if (first)
+		*first = next;
+}
+
+static struct trailer_item *remove_first(struct trailer_item **first)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *item = *first;
+	*first = item->next;
+	if (item->next) {
+		item->next->previous = NULL;
+		item->next = NULL;
+	}
+	return item;
+}
+
+static const char *apply_command(const char *command, const char *arg)
+{
+	struct strbuf cmd = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	const char *argv[] = {NULL, NULL};
+	const char *result;
+
+	strbuf_addstr(&cmd, command);
+	if (arg)
+		strbuf_replace(&cmd, TRAILER_ARG_STRING, arg);
+
+	argv[0] = cmd.buf;
+	cp.argv = argv;
+	cp.env = local_repo_env;
+	cp.no_stdin = 1;
+	cp.use_shell = 1;
+
+	if (capture_command(&cp, &buf, 1024)) {
+		error("running trailer command '%s' failed", cmd.buf);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		result = xstrdup("");
+	} else {
+		strbuf_trim(&buf);
+		result = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&cmd);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static void apply_item_command(struct trailer_item *in_tok, struct trailer_item *arg_tok)
+{
+	if (arg_tok->conf.command) {
+		const char *arg;
+		if (arg_tok->value && arg_tok->value[0]) {
+			arg = arg_tok->value;
+		} else {
+			if (in_tok && in_tok->value)
+				arg = xstrdup(in_tok->value);
+			else
+				arg = xstrdup("");
+		}
+		arg_tok->value = apply_command(arg_tok->conf.command, arg);
+		free((char *)arg);
+	}
+}
+
+static void apply_arg_if_exists(struct trailer_item *in_tok,
+				struct trailer_item *arg_tok,
+				struct trailer_item *on_tok,
+				struct trailer_item **in_tok_first,
+				struct trailer_item **in_tok_last)
+{
+	switch (arg_tok->conf.if_exists) {
+	case EXISTS_DO_NOTHING:
+		free_trailer_item(arg_tok);
+		break;
+	case EXISTS_REPLACE:
+		apply_item_command(in_tok, arg_tok);
+		add_arg_to_input_list(on_tok, arg_tok,
+				      in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		remove_from_list(in_tok, in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		free_trailer_item(in_tok);
+		break;
+	case EXISTS_ADD:
+		apply_item_command(in_tok, arg_tok);
+		add_arg_to_input_list(on_tok, arg_tok,
+				      in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		break;
+	case EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT:
+		apply_item_command(in_tok, arg_tok);
+		if (check_if_different(in_tok, arg_tok, 1))
+			add_arg_to_input_list(on_tok, arg_tok,
+					      in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		else
+			free_trailer_item(arg_tok);
+		break;
+	case EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT_NEIGHBOR:
+		apply_item_command(in_tok, arg_tok);
+		if (check_if_different(on_tok, arg_tok, 0))
+			add_arg_to_input_list(on_tok, arg_tok,
+					      in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		else
+			free_trailer_item(arg_tok);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static void apply_arg_if_missing(struct trailer_item **in_tok_first,
+				 struct trailer_item **in_tok_last,
+				 struct trailer_item *arg_tok)
+{
+	struct trailer_item **in_tok;
+	enum action_where where;
+
+	switch (arg_tok->conf.if_missing) {
+	case MISSING_DO_NOTHING:
+		free_trailer_item(arg_tok);
+		break;
+	case MISSING_ADD:
+		where = arg_tok->conf.where;
+		in_tok = after_or_end(where) ? in_tok_last : in_tok_first;
+		apply_item_command(NULL, arg_tok);
+		if (*in_tok) {
+			add_arg_to_input_list(*in_tok, arg_tok,
+					      in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		} else {
+			*in_tok_first = arg_tok;
+			*in_tok_last = arg_tok;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static int find_same_and_apply_arg(struct trailer_item **in_tok_first,
+				   struct trailer_item **in_tok_last,
+				   struct trailer_item *arg_tok)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *in_tok;
+	struct trailer_item *on_tok;
+	struct trailer_item *following_tok;
+
+	enum action_where where = arg_tok->conf.where;
+	int middle = (where == WHERE_AFTER) || (where == WHERE_BEFORE);
+	int backwards = after_or_end(where);
+	struct trailer_item *start_tok = backwards ? *in_tok_last : *in_tok_first;
+
+	for (in_tok = start_tok; in_tok; in_tok = following_tok) {
+		following_tok = backwards ? in_tok->previous : in_tok->next;
+		if (!same_token(in_tok, arg_tok))
+			continue;
+		on_tok = middle ? in_tok : start_tok;
+		apply_arg_if_exists(in_tok, arg_tok, on_tok,
+				    in_tok_first, in_tok_last);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void process_trailers_lists(struct trailer_item **in_tok_first,
+				   struct trailer_item **in_tok_last,
+				   struct trailer_item **arg_tok_first)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *arg_tok;
+	struct trailer_item *next_arg;
+
+	if (!*arg_tok_first)
+		return;
+
+	for (arg_tok = *arg_tok_first; arg_tok; arg_tok = next_arg) {
+		int applied = 0;
+
+		next_arg = arg_tok->next;
+		remove_from_list(arg_tok, arg_tok_first, NULL);
+
+		applied = find_same_and_apply_arg(in_tok_first,
+						  in_tok_last,
+						  arg_tok);
+
+		if (!applied)
+			apply_arg_if_missing(in_tok_first,
+					     in_tok_last,
+					     arg_tok);
+	}
+}
+
+static int set_where(struct conf_info *item, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp("after", value))
+		item->where = WHERE_AFTER;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("before", value))
+		item->where = WHERE_BEFORE;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("end", value))
+		item->where = WHERE_END;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("start", value))
+		item->where = WHERE_START;
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_if_exists(struct conf_info *item, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp("addIfDifferent", value))
+		item->if_exists = EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("addIfDifferentNeighbor", value))
+		item->if_exists = EXISTS_ADD_IF_DIFFERENT_NEIGHBOR;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("add", value))
+		item->if_exists = EXISTS_ADD;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("replace", value))
+		item->if_exists = EXISTS_REPLACE;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("doNothing", value))
+		item->if_exists = EXISTS_DO_NOTHING;
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_if_missing(struct conf_info *item, const char *value)
+{
+	if (!strcasecmp("doNothing", value))
+		item->if_missing = MISSING_DO_NOTHING;
+	else if (!strcasecmp("add", value))
+		item->if_missing = MISSING_ADD;
+	else
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void duplicate_conf(struct conf_info *dst, struct conf_info *src)
+{
+	*dst = *src;
+	if (src->name)
+		dst->name = xstrdup(src->name);
+	if (src->key)
+		dst->key = xstrdup(src->key);
+	if (src->command)
+		dst->command = xstrdup(src->command);
+}
+
+static struct trailer_item *get_conf_item(const char *name)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *item;
+	struct trailer_item *previous;
+
+	/* Look up item with same name */
+	for (previous = NULL, item = first_conf_item;
+	     item;
+	     previous = item, item = item->next) {
+		if (!strcasecmp(item->conf.name, name))
+			return item;
+	}
+
+	/* Item does not already exists, create it */
+	item = xcalloc(sizeof(struct trailer_item), 1);
+	duplicate_conf(&item->conf, &default_conf_info);
+	item->conf.name = xstrdup(name);
+
+	if (!previous)
+		first_conf_item = item;
+	else {
+		previous->next = item;
+		item->previous = previous;
+	}
+
+	return item;
+}
+
+enum trailer_info_type { TRAILER_KEY, TRAILER_COMMAND, TRAILER_WHERE,
+			 TRAILER_IF_EXISTS, TRAILER_IF_MISSING };
+
+static struct {
+	const char *name;
+	enum trailer_info_type type;
+} trailer_config_items[] = {
+	{ "key", TRAILER_KEY },
+	{ "command", TRAILER_COMMAND },
+	{ "where", TRAILER_WHERE },
+	{ "ifexists", TRAILER_IF_EXISTS },
+	{ "ifmissing", TRAILER_IF_MISSING }
+};
+
+static int git_trailer_default_config(const char *conf_key, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	const char *trailer_item, *variable_name;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(conf_key, "trailer.", &trailer_item))
+		return 0;
+
+	variable_name = strrchr(trailer_item, '.');
+	if (!variable_name) {
+		if (!strcmp(trailer_item, "where")) {
+			if (set_where(&default_conf_info, value) < 0)
+				warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"),
+					value, conf_key);
+		} else if (!strcmp(trailer_item, "ifexists")) {
+			if (set_if_exists(&default_conf_info, value) < 0)
+				warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"),
+					value, conf_key);
+		} else if (!strcmp(trailer_item, "ifmissing")) {
+			if (set_if_missing(&default_conf_info, value) < 0)
+				warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"),
+					value, conf_key);
+		} else if (!strcmp(trailer_item, "separators")) {
+			separators = xstrdup(value);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int git_trailer_config(const char *conf_key, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	const char *trailer_item, *variable_name;
+	struct trailer_item *item;
+	struct conf_info *conf;
+	char *name = NULL;
+	enum trailer_info_type type;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(conf_key, "trailer.", &trailer_item))
+		return 0;
+
+	variable_name = strrchr(trailer_item, '.');
+	if (!variable_name)
+		return 0;
+
+	variable_name++;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(trailer_config_items); i++) {
+		if (strcmp(trailer_config_items[i].name, variable_name))
+			continue;
+		name = xstrndup(trailer_item,  variable_name - trailer_item - 1);
+		type = trailer_config_items[i].type;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (!name)
+		return 0;
+
+	item = get_conf_item(name);
+	conf = &item->conf;
+	free(name);
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case TRAILER_KEY:
+		if (conf->key)
+			warning(_("more than one %s"), conf_key);
+		conf->key = xstrdup(value);
+		break;
+	case TRAILER_COMMAND:
+		if (conf->command)
+			warning(_("more than one %s"), conf_key);
+		conf->command = xstrdup(value);
+		break;
+	case TRAILER_WHERE:
+		if (set_where(conf, value))
+			warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"), value, conf_key);
+		break;
+	case TRAILER_IF_EXISTS:
+		if (set_if_exists(conf, value))
+			warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"), value, conf_key);
+		break;
+	case TRAILER_IF_MISSING:
+		if (set_if_missing(conf, value))
+			warning(_("unknown value '%s' for key '%s'"), value, conf_key);
+		break;
+	default:
+		die("internal bug in trailer.c");
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_trailer(struct strbuf *tok, struct strbuf *val, const char *trailer)
+{
+	size_t len;
+	struct strbuf seps = STRBUF_INIT;
+	strbuf_addstr(&seps, separators);
+	strbuf_addch(&seps, '=');
+	len = strcspn(trailer, seps.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&seps);
+	if (len == 0) {
+		int l = strlen(trailer);
+		while (l > 0 && isspace(trailer[l - 1]))
+			l--;
+		return error(_("empty trailer token in trailer '%.*s'"), l, trailer);
+	}
+	if (len < strlen(trailer)) {
+		strbuf_add(tok, trailer, len);
+		strbuf_trim(tok);
+		strbuf_addstr(val, trailer + len + 1);
+		strbuf_trim(val);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_addstr(tok, trailer);
+		strbuf_trim(tok);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *token_from_item(struct trailer_item *item, char *tok)
+{
+	if (item->conf.key)
+		return item->conf.key;
+	if (tok)
+		return tok;
+	return item->conf.name;
+}
+
+static struct trailer_item *new_trailer_item(struct trailer_item *conf_item,
+					     char *tok, char *val)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *new = xcalloc(sizeof(*new), 1);
+	new->value = val ? val : xstrdup("");
+
+	if (conf_item) {
+		duplicate_conf(&new->conf, &conf_item->conf);
+		new->token = xstrdup(token_from_item(conf_item, tok));
+		free(tok);
+	} else {
+		duplicate_conf(&new->conf, &default_conf_info);
+		new->token = tok;
+	}
+
+	return new;
+}
+
+static int token_matches_item(const char *tok, struct trailer_item *item, int tok_len)
+{
+	if (!strncasecmp(tok, item->conf.name, tok_len))
+		return 1;
+	return item->conf.key ? !strncasecmp(tok, item->conf.key, tok_len) : 0;
+}
+
+static struct trailer_item *create_trailer_item(const char *string)
+{
+	struct strbuf tok = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf val = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct trailer_item *item;
+	int tok_len;
+
+	if (parse_trailer(&tok, &val, string))
+		return NULL;
+
+	tok_len = token_len_without_separator(tok.buf, tok.len);
+
+	/* Lookup if the token matches something in the config */
+	for (item = first_conf_item; item; item = item->next) {
+		if (token_matches_item(tok.buf, item, tok_len))
+			return new_trailer_item(item,
+						strbuf_detach(&tok, NULL),
+						strbuf_detach(&val, NULL));
+	}
+
+	return new_trailer_item(NULL,
+				strbuf_detach(&tok, NULL),
+				strbuf_detach(&val, NULL));
+}
+
+static void add_trailer_item(struct trailer_item **first,
+			     struct trailer_item **last,
+			     struct trailer_item *new)
+{
+	if (!new)
+		return;
+	if (!*last) {
+		*first = new;
+		*last = new;
+	} else {
+		(*last)->next = new;
+		new->previous = *last;
+		*last = new;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct trailer_item *process_command_line_args(struct string_list *trailers)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *arg_tok_first = NULL;
+	struct trailer_item *arg_tok_last = NULL;
+	struct string_list_item *tr;
+	struct trailer_item *item;
+
+	/* Add a trailer item for each configured trailer with a command */
+	for (item = first_conf_item; item; item = item->next) {
+		if (item->conf.command) {
+			struct trailer_item *new = new_trailer_item(item, NULL, NULL);
+			add_trailer_item(&arg_tok_first, &arg_tok_last, new);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Add a trailer item for each trailer on the command line */
+	for_each_string_list_item(tr, trailers) {
+		struct trailer_item *new = create_trailer_item(tr->string);
+		add_trailer_item(&arg_tok_first, &arg_tok_last, new);
+	}
+
+	return arg_tok_first;
+}
+
+static struct strbuf **read_input_file(const char *file)
+{
+	struct strbuf **lines;
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	if (file) {
+		if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, file, 0) < 0)
+			die_errno(_("could not read input file '%s'"), file);
+	} else {
+		if (strbuf_read(&sb, fileno(stdin), 0) < 0)
+			die_errno(_("could not read from stdin"));
+	}
+
+	lines = strbuf_split(&sb, '\n');
+
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+
+	return lines;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the (0 based) index of the start of the patch or the line
+ * count if there is no patch in the message.
+ */
+static int find_patch_start(struct strbuf **lines, int count)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	/* Get the start of the patch part if any */
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		if (starts_with(lines[i]->buf, "---"))
+			return i;
+	}
+
+	return count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the (0 based) index of the first trailer line or count if
+ * there are no trailers. Trailers are searched only in the lines from
+ * index (count - 1) down to index 0.
+ */
+static int find_trailer_start(struct strbuf **lines, int count)
+{
+	int start, only_spaces = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Get the start of the trailers by looking starting from the end
+	 * for a line with only spaces before lines with one separator.
+	 */
+	for (start = count - 1; start >= 0; start--) {
+		if (lines[start]->buf[0] == comment_line_char)
+			continue;
+		if (contains_only_spaces(lines[start]->buf)) {
+			if (only_spaces)
+				continue;
+			return start + 1;
+		}
+		if (strcspn(lines[start]->buf, separators) < lines[start]->len) {
+			if (only_spaces)
+				only_spaces = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		return count;
+	}
+
+	return only_spaces ? count : 0;
+}
+
+/* Get the index of the end of the trailers */
+static int find_trailer_end(struct strbuf **lines, int patch_start)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	int i, ignore_bytes;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < patch_start; i++)
+		strbuf_addbuf(&sb, lines[i]);
+	ignore_bytes = ignore_non_trailer(&sb);
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	for (i = patch_start - 1; i >= 0 && ignore_bytes > 0; i--)
+		ignore_bytes -= lines[i]->len;
+
+	return i + 1;
+}
+
+static int has_blank_line_before(struct strbuf **lines, int start)
+{
+	for (;start >= 0; start--) {
+		if (lines[start]->buf[0] == comment_line_char)
+			continue;
+		return contains_only_spaces(lines[start]->buf);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_lines(struct strbuf **lines, int start, int end)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = start; lines[i] && i < end; i++)
+		printf("%s", lines[i]->buf);
+}
+
+static int process_input_file(struct strbuf **lines,
+			      struct trailer_item **in_tok_first,
+			      struct trailer_item **in_tok_last)
+{
+	int count = 0;
+	int patch_start, trailer_start, trailer_end, i;
+
+	/* Get the line count */
+	while (lines[count])
+		count++;
+
+	patch_start = find_patch_start(lines, count);
+	trailer_end = find_trailer_end(lines, patch_start);
+	trailer_start = find_trailer_start(lines, trailer_end);
+
+	/* Print lines before the trailers as is */
+	print_lines(lines, 0, trailer_start);
+
+	if (!has_blank_line_before(lines, trailer_start - 1))
+		printf("\n");
+
+	/* Parse trailer lines */
+	for (i = trailer_start; i < trailer_end; i++) {
+		if (lines[i]->buf[0] != comment_line_char) {
+			struct trailer_item *new = create_trailer_item(lines[i]->buf);
+			add_trailer_item(in_tok_first, in_tok_last, new);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return trailer_end;
+}
+
+static void free_all(struct trailer_item **first)
+{
+	while (*first) {
+		struct trailer_item *item = remove_first(first);
+		free_trailer_item(item);
+	}
+}
+
+void process_trailers(const char *file, int trim_empty, struct string_list *trailers)
+{
+	struct trailer_item *in_tok_first = NULL;
+	struct trailer_item *in_tok_last = NULL;
+	struct trailer_item *arg_tok_first;
+	struct strbuf **lines;
+	int trailer_end;
+
+	/* Default config must be setup first */
+	git_config(git_trailer_default_config, NULL);
+	git_config(git_trailer_config, NULL);
+
+	lines = read_input_file(file);
+
+	/* Print the lines before the trailers */
+	trailer_end = process_input_file(lines, &in_tok_first, &in_tok_last);
+
+	arg_tok_first = process_command_line_args(trailers);
+
+	process_trailers_lists(&in_tok_first, &in_tok_last, &arg_tok_first);
+
+	print_all(in_tok_first, trim_empty);
+
+	free_all(&in_tok_first);
+
+	/* Print the lines after the trailers as is */
+	print_lines(lines, trailer_end, INT_MAX);
+
+	strbuf_list_free(lines);
+}
diff --git a/trailer.h b/trailer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8eb25d565e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trailer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef TRAILER_H
+#define TRAILER_H
+
+void process_trailers(const char *file, int trim_empty, struct string_list *trailers);
+
+#endif /* TRAILER_H */
diff --git a/transport-helper.c b/transport-helper.c
index f6b3b1fb79..5d99a6bc2e 100644
--- a/transport-helper.c
+++ b/transport-helper.c
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
 #include "commit.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "revision.h"
-#include "quote.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "string-list.h"
 #include "thread-utils.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
+#include "refs.h"
 
 static int debug;
 
@@ -19,11 +20,15 @@ struct helper_data {
 	FILE *out;
 	unsigned fetch : 1,
 		import : 1,
+		bidi_import : 1,
 		export : 1,
 		option : 1,
 		push : 1,
 		connect : 1,
-		no_disconnect_req : 1;
+		signed_tags : 1,
+		check_connectivity : 1,
+		no_disconnect_req : 1,
+		no_private_update : 1;
 	char *export_marks;
 	char *import_marks;
 	/* These go from remote name (as in "list") to private name */
@@ -44,7 +49,7 @@ static void sendline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 		die_errno("Full write to remote helper failed");
 }
 
-static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
+static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer, const char *name)
 {
 	strbuf_reset(buffer);
 	if (debug)
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 	if (strbuf_getline(buffer, helper, '\n') == EOF) {
 		if (debug)
 			fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Remote helper quit.\n");
-		exit(128);
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if (debug)
@@ -62,13 +67,7 @@ static int recvline_fh(FILE *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 
 static int recvline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
 {
-	return recvline_fh(helper->out, buffer);
-}
-
-static void xchgline(struct helper_data *helper, struct strbuf *buffer)
-{
-	sendline(helper, buffer);
-	recvline(helper, buffer);
+	return recvline_fh(helper->out, buffer, helper->name);
 }
 
 static void write_constant(int fd, const char *str)
@@ -98,6 +97,8 @@ static void do_take_over(struct transport *transport)
 	free(data);
 }
 
+static void standard_options(struct transport *t);
+
 static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 {
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
@@ -108,30 +109,23 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 	int refspec_alloc = 0;
 	int duped;
 	int code;
-	char git_dir_buf[sizeof(GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT) + PATH_MAX + 1];
-	const char *helper_env[] = {
-		git_dir_buf,
-		NULL
-	};
-
 
 	if (data->helper)
 		return data->helper;
 
-	helper = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*helper));
+	helper = xmalloc(sizeof(*helper));
+	child_process_init(helper);
 	helper->in = -1;
 	helper->out = -1;
 	helper->err = 0;
-	helper->argv = xcalloc(4, sizeof(*helper->argv));
-	strbuf_addf(&buf, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
-	helper->argv[0] = strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
-	helper->argv[1] = transport->remote->name;
-	helper->argv[2] = remove_ext_force(transport->url);
+	argv_array_pushf(&helper->args, "git-remote-%s", data->name);
+	argv_array_push(&helper->args, transport->remote->name);
+	argv_array_push(&helper->args, remove_ext_force(transport->url));
 	helper->git_cmd = 0;
 	helper->silent_exec_failure = 1;
 
-	snprintf(git_dir_buf, sizeof(git_dir_buf), "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT, get_git_dir());
-	helper->env = helper_env;
+	argv_array_pushf(&helper->env_array, "%s=%s", GIT_DIR_ENVIRONMENT,
+			 get_git_dir());
 
 	code = start_command(helper);
 	if (code < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
@@ -155,9 +149,10 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 	write_constant(helper->in, "capabilities\n");
 
 	while (1) {
-		const char *capname;
+		const char *capname, *arg;
 		int mandatory = 0;
-		recvline(data, &buf);
+		if (recvline(data, &buf))
+			exit(128);
 
 		if (!*buf.buf)
 			break;
@@ -178,28 +173,30 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 			data->push = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(capname, "import"))
 			data->import = 1;
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "bidi-import"))
+			data->bidi_import = 1;
 		else if (!strcmp(capname, "export"))
 			data->export = 1;
-		else if (!data->refspecs && !prefixcmp(capname, "refspec ")) {
+		else if (!strcmp(capname, "check-connectivity"))
+			data->check_connectivity = 1;
+		else if (!data->refspecs && skip_prefix(capname, "refspec ", &arg)) {
 			ALLOC_GROW(refspecs,
 				   refspec_nr + 1,
 				   refspec_alloc);
-			refspecs[refspec_nr++] = xstrdup(capname + strlen("refspec "));
+			refspecs[refspec_nr++] = xstrdup(arg);
 		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "connect")) {
 			data->connect = 1;
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(capname, "export-marks ")) {
-			struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
-			strbuf_addstr(&arg, "--export-marks=");
-			strbuf_addstr(&arg, capname + strlen("export-marks "));
-			data->export_marks = strbuf_detach(&arg, NULL);
-		} else if (!prefixcmp(capname, "import-marks")) {
-			struct strbuf arg = STRBUF_INIT;
-			strbuf_addstr(&arg, "--import-marks=");
-			strbuf_addstr(&arg, capname + strlen("import-marks "));
-			data->import_marks = strbuf_detach(&arg, NULL);
+		} else if (!strcmp(capname, "signed-tags")) {
+			data->signed_tags = 1;
+		} else if (skip_prefix(capname, "export-marks ", &arg)) {
+			data->export_marks = xstrdup(arg);
+		} else if (skip_prefix(capname, "import-marks ", &arg)) {
+			data->import_marks = xstrdup(arg);
+		} else if (starts_with(capname, "no-private-update")) {
+			data->no_private_update = 1;
 		} else if (mandatory) {
 			die("Unknown mandatory capability %s. This remote "
-			    "helper probably needs newer version of Git.\n",
+			    "helper probably needs newer version of Git.",
 			    capname);
 		}
 	}
@@ -207,14 +204,16 @@ static struct child_process *get_helper(struct transport *transport)
 		int i;
 		data->refspec_nr = refspec_nr;
 		data->refspecs = parse_fetch_refspec(refspec_nr, refspecs);
-		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < refspec_nr; i++)
 			free((char *)refspecs[i]);
-		}
 		free(refspecs);
+	} else if (data->import || data->bidi_import || data->export) {
+		warning("This remote helper should implement refspec capability.");
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 	if (debug)
 		fprintf(stderr, "Debug: Capabilities complete.\n");
+	standard_options(transport);
 	return data->helper;
 }
 
@@ -241,8 +240,6 @@ static int disconnect_helper(struct transport *transport)
 		close(data->helper->out);
 		fclose(data->out);
 		res = finish_command(data->helper);
-		free((char *)data->helper->argv[0]);
-		free(data->helper->argv);
 		free(data->helper);
 		data->helper = NULL;
 	}
@@ -255,10 +252,12 @@ static const char *unsupported_options[] = {
 	TRANS_OPT_THIN,
 	TRANS_OPT_KEEP
 	};
+
 static const char *boolean_options[] = {
 	TRANS_OPT_THIN,
 	TRANS_OPT_KEEP,
-	TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS
+	TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS,
+	TRANS_OPT_PUSH_CERT
 	};
 
 static int set_helper_option(struct transport *transport,
@@ -292,11 +291,13 @@ static int set_helper_option(struct transport *transport,
 		quote_c_style(value, &buf, NULL, 0);
 	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 
-	xchgline(data, &buf);
+	sendline(data, &buf);
+	if (recvline(data, &buf))
+		exit(128);
 
 	if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "ok"))
 		ret = 0;
-	else if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "error")) {
+	else if (starts_with(buf.buf, "error")) {
 		ret = -1;
 	} else if (!strcmp(buf.buf, "unsupported"))
 		ret = 1;
@@ -340,30 +341,34 @@ static int fetch_with_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	int i;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
-	standard_options(transport);
-
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
 		const struct ref *posn = to_fetch[i];
 		if (posn->status & REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
 			continue;
 
 		strbuf_addf(&buf, "fetch %s %s\n",
-			    sha1_to_hex(posn->old_sha1), posn->name);
+			    sha1_to_hex(posn->old_sha1),
+			    posn->symref ? posn->symref : posn->name);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 	sendline(data, &buf);
 
 	while (1) {
-		recvline(data, &buf);
+		if (recvline(data, &buf))
+			exit(128);
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(buf.buf, "lock ")) {
+		if (starts_with(buf.buf, "lock ")) {
 			const char *name = buf.buf + 5;
 			if (transport->pack_lockfile)
 				warning("%s also locked %s", data->name, name);
 			else
 				transport->pack_lockfile = xstrdup(name);
 		}
+		else if (data->check_connectivity &&
+			 data->transport_options.check_self_contained_and_connected &&
+			 !strcmp(buf.buf, "connectivity-ok"))
+			data->transport_options.self_contained_and_connected = 1;
 		else if (!buf.len)
 			break;
 		else
@@ -376,14 +381,21 @@ static int fetch_with_fetch(struct transport *transport,
 static int get_importer(struct transport *transport, struct child_process *fastimport)
 {
 	struct child_process *helper = get_helper(transport);
-	memset(fastimport, 0, sizeof(*fastimport));
+	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
+	int cat_blob_fd, code;
+	child_process_init(fastimport);
 	fastimport->in = helper->out;
-	fastimport->argv = xcalloc(5, sizeof(*fastimport->argv));
-	fastimport->argv[0] = "fast-import";
-	fastimport->argv[1] = "--quiet";
+	argv_array_push(&fastimport->args, "fast-import");
+	argv_array_push(&fastimport->args, debug ? "--stats" : "--quiet");
 
+	if (data->bidi_import) {
+		cat_blob_fd = xdup(helper->in);
+		argv_array_pushf(&fastimport->args, "--cat-blob-fd=%d", cat_blob_fd);
+	}
 	fastimport->git_cmd = 1;
-	return start_command(fastimport);
+
+	code = start_command(fastimport);
+	return code;
 }
 
 static int get_exporter(struct transport *transport,
@@ -392,22 +404,24 @@ static int get_exporter(struct transport *transport,
 {
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
 	struct child_process *helper = get_helper(transport);
-	int argc = 0, i;
-	memset(fastexport, 0, sizeof(*fastexport));
+	int i;
+
+	child_process_init(fastexport);
 
 	/* we need to duplicate helper->in because we want to use it after
 	 * fastexport is done with it. */
 	fastexport->out = dup(helper->in);
-	fastexport->argv = xcalloc(5 + revlist_args->nr, sizeof(*fastexport->argv));
-	fastexport->argv[argc++] = "fast-export";
-	fastexport->argv[argc++] = "--use-done-feature";
+	argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, "fast-export");
+	argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, "--use-done-feature");
+	argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, data->signed_tags ?
+		"--signed-tags=verbatim" : "--signed-tags=warn-strip");
 	if (data->export_marks)
-		fastexport->argv[argc++] = data->export_marks;
+		argv_array_pushf(&fastexport->args, "--export-marks=%s.tmp", data->export_marks);
 	if (data->import_marks)
-		fastexport->argv[argc++] = data->import_marks;
+		argv_array_pushf(&fastexport->args, "--import-marks=%s", data->import_marks);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < revlist_args->nr; i++)
-		fastexport->argv[argc++] = revlist_args->items[i].string;
+		argv_array_push(&fastexport->args, revlist_args->items[i].string);
 
 	fastexport->git_cmd = 1;
 	return start_command(fastexport);
@@ -432,27 +446,49 @@ static int fetch_with_import(struct transport *transport,
 		if (posn->status & REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
 			continue;
 
-		strbuf_addf(&buf, "import %s\n", posn->name);
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "import %s\n",
+			    posn->symref ? posn->symref : posn->name);
 		sendline(data, &buf);
 		strbuf_reset(&buf);
 	}
 
 	write_constant(data->helper->in, "\n");
+	/*
+	 * remote-helpers that advertise the bidi-import capability are required to
+	 * buffer the complete batch of import commands until this newline before
+	 * sending data to fast-import.
+	 * These helpers read back data from fast-import on their stdin, which could
+	 * be mixed with import commands, otherwise.
+	 */
 
 	if (finish_command(&fastimport))
 		die("Error while running fast-import");
-	free(fastimport.argv);
-	fastimport.argv = NULL;
 
+	/*
+	 * The fast-import stream of a remote helper that advertises
+	 * the "refspec" capability writes to the refs named after the
+	 * right hand side of the first refspec matching each ref we
+	 * were fetching.
+	 *
+	 * (If no "refspec" capability was specified, for historical
+	 * reasons we default to the equivalent of *:*.)
+	 *
+	 * Store the result in to_fetch[i].old_sha1.  Callers such
+	 * as "git fetch" can use the value to write feedback to the
+	 * terminal, populate FETCH_HEAD, and determine what new value
+	 * should be written to peer_ref if the update is a
+	 * fast-forward or this is a forced update.
+	 */
 	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++) {
-		char *private;
+		char *private, *name;
 		posn = to_fetch[i];
 		if (posn->status & REF_STATUS_UPTODATE)
 			continue;
+		name = posn->symref ? posn->symref : posn->name;
 		if (data->refspecs)
-			private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, posn->name);
+			private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, name);
 		else
-			private = xstrdup(posn->name);
+			private = xstrdup(name);
 		if (private) {
 			read_ref(private, posn->old_sha1);
 			free(private);
@@ -503,7 +539,9 @@ static int process_connect_service(struct transport *transport,
 		goto exit;
 
 	sendline(data, &cmdbuf);
-	recvline_fh(input, &cmdbuf);
+	if (recvline_fh(input, &cmdbuf, name))
+		exit(128);
+
 	if (!strcmp(cmdbuf.buf, "")) {
 		data->no_disconnect_req = 1;
 		if (debug)
@@ -576,6 +614,16 @@ static int fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	if (!count)
 		return 0;
 
+	if (data->check_connectivity &&
+	    data->transport_options.check_self_contained_and_connected)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "check-connectivity", "true");
+
+	if (transport->cloning)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "cloning", "true");
+
+	if (data->transport_options.update_shallow)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "update-shallow", "true");
+
 	if (data->fetch)
 		return fetch_with_fetch(transport, nr_heads, to_fetch);
 
@@ -585,21 +633,21 @@ static int fetch(struct transport *transport,
 	return -1;
 }
 
-static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
+static int push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 				   struct ref **ref,
 				   struct ref *remote_refs)
 {
 	char *refname, *msg;
-	int status;
+	int status, forced = 0;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(buf->buf, "ok ")) {
+	if (starts_with(buf->buf, "ok ")) {
 		status = REF_STATUS_OK;
 		refname = buf->buf + 3;
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(buf->buf, "error ")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(buf->buf, "error ")) {
 		status = REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT;
 		refname = buf->buf + 6;
 	} else
-		die("expected ok/error, helper said '%s'\n", buf->buf);
+		die("expected ok/error, helper said '%s'", buf->buf);
 
 	msg = strchr(refname, ' ');
 	if (msg) {
@@ -628,6 +676,31 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 			free(msg);
 			msg = NULL;
 		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "already exists")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "fetch first")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "needs force")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "stale info")) {
+			status = REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
+		else if (!strcmp(msg, "forced update")) {
+			forced = 1;
+			free(msg);
+			msg = NULL;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (*ref)
@@ -636,7 +709,7 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 		*ref = find_ref_by_name(remote_refs, refname);
 	if (!*ref) {
 		warning("helper reported unexpected status of %s", refname);
-		return;
+		return 1;
 	}
 
 	if ((*ref)->status != REF_STATUS_NONE) {
@@ -645,36 +718,61 @@ static void push_update_ref_status(struct strbuf *buf,
 		 * status reported by the remote helper if the latter is 'no match'.
 		 */
 		if (status == REF_STATUS_NONE)
-			return;
+			return 1;
 	}
 
 	(*ref)->status = status;
+	(*ref)->forced_update |= forced;
 	(*ref)->remote_status = msg;
+	return !(status == REF_STATUS_OK);
 }
 
-static void push_update_refs_status(struct helper_data *data,
-				    struct ref *remote_refs)
+static int push_update_refs_status(struct helper_data *data,
+				    struct ref *remote_refs,
+				    int flags)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
+	int ret = 0;
+
 	for (;;) {
-		recvline(data, &buf);
+		char *private;
+
+		if (recvline(data, &buf)) {
+			ret = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+
 		if (!buf.len)
 			break;
 
-		push_update_ref_status(&buf, &ref, remote_refs);
+		if (push_update_ref_status(&buf, &ref, remote_refs))
+			continue;
+
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN || !data->refspecs || data->no_private_update)
+			continue;
+
+		/* propagate back the update to the remote namespace */
+		private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, ref->name);
+		if (!private)
+			continue;
+		update_ref("update by helper", private, ref->new_sha1, NULL, 0, 0);
+		free(private);
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int push_refs_with_push(struct transport *transport,
-		struct ref *remote_refs, int flags)
+			       struct ref *remote_refs, int flags)
 {
 	int force_all = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE;
 	int mirror = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR;
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref *ref;
+	struct string_list cas_options = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct string_list_item *cas_option;
 
 	get_helper(transport);
 	if (!data->push)
@@ -687,6 +785,8 @@ static int push_refs_with_push(struct transport *transport,
 		/* Check for statuses set by set_ref_status_for_push() */
 		switch (ref->status) {
 		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+		case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
 		case REF_STATUS_UPTODATE:
 			continue;
 		default:
@@ -708,23 +808,42 @@ static int push_refs_with_push(struct transport *transport,
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, ':');
 		strbuf_addstr(&buf, ref->name);
 		strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
+
+		/*
+		 * The "--force-with-lease" options without explicit
+		 * values to expect have already been expanded into
+		 * the ref->old_sha1_expect[] field; we can ignore
+		 * transport->smart_options->cas altogether and instead
+		 * can enumerate them from the refs.
+		 */
+		if (ref->expect_old_sha1) {
+			struct strbuf cas = STRBUF_INIT;
+			strbuf_addf(&cas, "%s:%s",
+				    ref->name, sha1_to_hex(ref->old_sha1_expect));
+			string_list_append(&cas_options, strbuf_detach(&cas, NULL));
+		}
 	}
-	if (buf.len == 0)
+	if (buf.len == 0) {
+		string_list_clear(&cas_options, 0);
 		return 0;
+	}
 
-	standard_options(transport);
+	for_each_string_list_item(cas_option, &cas_options)
+		set_helper_option(transport, "cas", cas_option->string);
 
 	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN) {
 		if (set_helper_option(transport, "dry-run", "true") != 0)
 			die("helper %s does not support dry-run", data->name);
+	} else if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_PUSH_CERT, "true") != 0)
+			die("helper %s does not support --signed", data->name);
 	}
 
 	strbuf_addch(&buf, '\n');
 	sendline(data, &buf);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 
-	push_update_refs_status(data, remote_refs);
-	return 0;
+	return push_update_refs_status(data, remote_refs, flags);
 }
 
 static int push_refs_with_export(struct transport *transport,
@@ -733,43 +852,84 @@ static int push_refs_with_export(struct transport *transport,
 	struct ref *ref;
 	struct child_process *helper, exporter;
 	struct helper_data *data = transport->data;
-	struct string_list revlist_args = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
+	struct string_list revlist_args = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 
+	if (!data->refspecs)
+		die("remote-helper doesn't support push; refspec needed");
+
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, "dry-run", "true") != 0)
+			die("helper %s does not support dry-run", data->name);
+	} else if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, TRANS_OPT_PUSH_CERT, "true") != 0)
+			die("helper %s does not support --signed", data->name);
+	}
+
+	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE) {
+		if (set_helper_option(transport, "force", "true") != 0)
+			warning("helper %s does not support 'force'", data->name);
+	}
+
 	helper = get_helper(transport);
 
 	write_constant(helper->in, "export\n");
 
-	strbuf_reset(&buf);
-
 	for (ref = remote_refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 		char *private;
 		unsigned char sha1[20];
 
-		if (!data->refspecs)
-			continue;
 		private = apply_refspecs(data->refspecs, data->refspec_nr, ref->name);
 		if (private && !get_sha1(private, sha1)) {
 			strbuf_addf(&buf, "^%s", private);
 			string_list_append(&revlist_args, strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL));
+			hashcpy(ref->old_sha1, sha1);
 		}
 		free(private);
 
-		if (ref->deletion) {
-			die("remote-helpers do not support ref deletion");
+		if (ref->peer_ref) {
+			if (strcmp(ref->name, ref->peer_ref->name)) {
+				if (!ref->deletion) {
+					const char *name;
+					int flag;
+
+					/* Follow symbolic refs (mainly for HEAD). */
+					name = resolve_ref_unsafe(
+						 ref->peer_ref->name,
+						 RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+						 sha1, &flag);
+					if (!name || !(flag & REF_ISSYMREF))
+						name = ref->peer_ref->name;
+
+					strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s:%s", name, ref->name);
+				} else
+					strbuf_addf(&buf, ":%s", ref->name);
+
+				string_list_append(&revlist_args, "--refspec");
+				string_list_append(&revlist_args, buf.buf);
+				strbuf_release(&buf);
+			}
+			if (!ref->deletion)
+				string_list_append(&revlist_args, ref->peer_ref->name);
 		}
-
-		if (ref->peer_ref)
-			string_list_append(&revlist_args, ref->peer_ref->name);
-
 	}
 
 	if (get_exporter(transport, &exporter, &revlist_args))
 		die("Couldn't run fast-export");
 
+	string_list_clear(&revlist_args, 1);
+
 	if (finish_command(&exporter))
 		die("Error while running fast-export");
-	push_update_refs_status(data, remote_refs);
+	if (push_update_refs_status(data, remote_refs, flags))
+		return 1;
+
+	if (data->export_marks) {
+		strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s.tmp", data->export_marks);
+		rename(buf.buf, data->export_marks);
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+	}
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -838,7 +998,8 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_list(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
 
 	while (1) {
 		char *eov, *eon;
-		recvline(data, &buf);
+		if (recvline(data, &buf))
+			exit(128);
 
 		if (!*buf.buf)
 			break;
@@ -875,7 +1036,7 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_list(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
 
 int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name)
 {
-	struct helper_data *data = xcalloc(sizeof(*data), 1);
+	struct helper_data *data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
 	data->name = name;
 
 	if (getenv("GIT_TRANSPORT_HELPER_DEBUG"))
@@ -901,6 +1062,7 @@ int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name)
 #define PBUFFERSIZE 8192
 
 /* Print bidirectional transfer loop debug message. */
+__attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)))
 static void transfer_debug(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list args;
@@ -942,7 +1104,7 @@ struct unidirectional_transfer {
 	int src_is_sock;
 	/* Is destination socket? */
 	int dest_is_sock;
-	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
+	/* Transfer state (TRANSFERRING/FLUSHING/FINISHED) */
 	int state;
 	/* Buffer. */
 	char buf[BUFFERSIZE];
@@ -986,7 +1148,7 @@ static int udt_do_read(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
 		return -1;
 	} else if (bytes == 0) {
 		transfer_debug("%s EOF (with %i bytes in buffer)",
-			t->src_name, t->bufuse);
+			t->src_name, (int)t->bufuse);
 		t->state = SSTATE_FLUSHING;
 	} else if (bytes > 0) {
 		t->bufuse += bytes;
@@ -1007,9 +1169,8 @@ static int udt_do_write(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
 		return 0;	/* Nothing to write. */
 
 	transfer_debug("%s is writable", t->dest_name);
-	bytes = write(t->dest, t->buf, t->bufuse);
-	if (bytes < 0 && errno != EWOULDBLOCK && errno != EAGAIN &&
-		errno != EINTR) {
+	bytes = xwrite(t->dest, t->buf, t->bufuse);
+	if (bytes < 0 && errno != EWOULDBLOCK) {
 		error("write(%s) failed: %s", t->dest_name, strerror(errno));
 		return -1;
 	} else if (bytes > 0) {
@@ -1050,7 +1211,7 @@ static void *udt_copy_task_routine(void *udt)
 #ifndef NO_PTHREADS
 
 /*
- * Join thread, with apporiate errors on failure. Name is name for the
+ * Join thread, with appropriate errors on failure. Name is name for the
  * thread (for error messages). Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
  */
 static int tloop_join(pthread_t thread, const char *name)
@@ -1116,7 +1277,7 @@ static void udt_kill_transfer(struct unidirectional_transfer *t)
 }
 
 /*
- * Join process, with apporiate errors on failure. Name is name for the
+ * Join process, with appropriate errors on failure. Name is name for the
  * process (for error messages). Returns 0 on success, 1 on failure.
  */
 static int tloop_join(pid_t pid, const char *name)
diff --git a/transport.c b/transport.c
index 181f8f24d1..eca9b8c817 100644
--- a/transport.c
+++ b/transport.c
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 #include "run-command.h"
 #include "pkt-line.h"
 #include "fetch-pack.h"
+#include "remote.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "send-pack.h"
 #include "walker.h"
 #include "bundle.h"
@@ -11,6 +13,8 @@
 #include "branch.h"
 #include "url.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+#include "sha1-array.h"
 
 /* rsync support */
 
@@ -105,14 +109,15 @@ static void insert_packed_refs(const char *packed_refs, struct ref **list)
 		return;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		int cmp = cmp, len;
+		int cmp = 0; /* assigned before used */
+		int len;
 
 		if (!fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), f)) {
 			fclose(f);
 			return;
 		}
 
-		if (hexval(buffer[0]) > 0xf)
+		if (!isxdigit(buffer[0]))
 			continue;
 		len = strlen(buffer);
 		if (len && buffer[len - 1] == '\n')
@@ -163,15 +168,16 @@ static void set_upstreams(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs,
 		/* Follow symbolic refs (mainly for HEAD). */
 		localname = ref->peer_ref->name;
 		remotename = ref->name;
-		tmp = resolve_ref_unsafe(localname, sha, 1, &flag);
+		tmp = resolve_ref_unsafe(localname, RESOLVE_REF_READING,
+					 sha, &flag);
 		if (tmp && flag & REF_ISSYMREF &&
-			!prefixcmp(tmp, "refs/heads/"))
+			starts_with(tmp, "refs/heads/"))
 			localname = tmp;
 
 		/* Both source and destination must be local branches. */
-		if (!localname || prefixcmp(localname, "refs/heads/"))
+		if (!localname || !starts_with(localname, "refs/heads/"))
 			continue;
-		if (!remotename || prefixcmp(remotename, "refs/heads/"))
+		if (!remotename || !starts_with(remotename, "refs/heads/"))
 			continue;
 
 		if (!pretend)
@@ -187,14 +193,16 @@ static void set_upstreams(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs,
 
 static const char *rsync_url(const char *url)
 {
-	return prefixcmp(url, "rsync://") ? skip_prefix(url, "rsync:") : url;
+	if (!starts_with(url, "rsync://"))
+		skip_prefix(url, "rsync:", &url);
+	return url;
 }
 
 static struct ref *get_refs_via_rsync(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, temp_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct ref dummy = {NULL}, *tail = &dummy;
-	struct child_process rsync;
+	struct child_process rsync = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *args[5];
 	int temp_dir_len;
 
@@ -211,7 +219,6 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_via_rsync(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "/refs");
 
-	memset(&rsync, 0, sizeof(rsync));
 	rsync.argv = args;
 	rsync.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 	args[0] = "rsync";
@@ -256,32 +263,19 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_via_rsync(struct transport *transport, int for_push)
 static int fetch_objs_via_rsync(struct transport *transport,
 				int nr_objs, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
-	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	struct child_process rsync;
-	const char *args[8];
-	int result;
+	struct child_process rsync = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
-	strbuf_addstr(&buf, "/objects/");
-
-	memset(&rsync, 0, sizeof(rsync));
-	rsync.argv = args;
 	rsync.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
-	args[0] = "rsync";
-	args[1] = (transport->verbose > 1) ? "-rv" : "-r";
-	args[2] = "--ignore-existing";
-	args[3] = "--exclude";
-	args[4] = "info";
-	args[5] = buf.buf;
-	args[6] = get_object_directory();
-	args[7] = NULL;
+	argv_array_push(&rsync.args, "rsync");
+	argv_array_push(&rsync.args, (transport->verbose > 1) ? "-rv" : "-r");
+	argv_array_push(&rsync.args, "--ignore-existing");
+	argv_array_push(&rsync.args, "--exclude");
+	argv_array_push(&rsync.args, "info");
+	argv_array_pushf(&rsync.args, "%s/objects/", rsync_url(transport->url));
+	argv_array_push(&rsync.args, get_object_directory());
 
 	/* NEEDSWORK: handle one level of alternates */
-	result = run_command(&rsync);
-
-	strbuf_release(&buf);
-
-	return result;
+	return run_command(&rsync);
 }
 
 static int write_one_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
@@ -292,8 +286,8 @@ static int write_one_ref(const char *name, const unsigned char *sha1,
 	FILE *f;
 
 	/* when called via for_each_ref(), flags is non-zero */
-	if (flags && prefixcmp(name, "refs/heads/") &&
-			prefixcmp(name, "refs/tags/"))
+	if (flags && !starts_with(name, "refs/heads/") &&
+			!starts_with(name, "refs/tags/"))
 		return 0;
 
 	strbuf_addstr(buf, name);
@@ -332,7 +326,7 @@ static int rsync_transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 {
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT, temp_dir = STRBUF_INIT;
 	int result = 0, i;
-	struct child_process rsync;
+	struct child_process rsync = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	const char *args[10];
 
 	if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR)
@@ -343,7 +337,6 @@ static int rsync_transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 	strbuf_addstr(&buf, rsync_url(transport->url));
 	strbuf_addch(&buf, '/');
 
-	memset(&rsync, 0, sizeof(rsync));
 	rsync.argv = args;
 	rsync.stdout_to_stderr = 1;
 	i = 0;
@@ -450,7 +443,8 @@ struct git_transport_data {
 	struct child_process *conn;
 	int fd[2];
 	unsigned got_remote_heads : 1;
-	struct extra_have_objects extra_have;
+	struct sha1_array extra_have;
+	struct sha1_array shallow;
 };
 
 static int set_git_option(struct git_transport_options *opts,
@@ -471,6 +465,9 @@ static int set_git_option(struct git_transport_options *opts,
 	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_KEEP)) {
 		opts->keep = !!value;
 		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_UPDATE_SHALLOW)) {
+		opts->update_shallow = !!value;
+		return 0;
 	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_DEPTH)) {
 		if (!value)
 			opts->depth = 0;
@@ -481,6 +478,9 @@ static int set_git_option(struct git_transport_options *opts,
 				die("transport: invalid depth option '%s'", value);
 		}
 		return 0;
+	} else if (!strcmp(name, TRANS_OPT_PUSH_CERT)) {
+		opts->push_cert = !!value;
+		return 0;
 	}
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -506,8 +506,10 @@ static struct ref *get_refs_via_connect(struct transport *transport, int for_pus
 	struct ref *refs;
 
 	connect_setup(transport, for_push, 0);
-	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs,
-			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0, &data->extra_have);
+	get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &refs,
+			 for_push ? REF_NORMAL : 0,
+			 &data->extra_have,
+			 &data->shallow);
 	data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 
 	return refs;
@@ -517,12 +519,9 @@ static int fetch_refs_via_pack(struct transport *transport,
 			       int nr_heads, struct ref **to_fetch)
 {
 	struct git_transport_data *data = transport->data;
-	char **heads = xmalloc(nr_heads * sizeof(*heads));
-	char **origh = xmalloc(nr_heads * sizeof(*origh));
-	const struct ref *refs;
+	struct ref *refs;
 	char *dest = xstrdup(transport->url);
 	struct fetch_pack_args args;
-	int i;
 	struct ref *refs_tmp = NULL;
 
 	memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
@@ -535,32 +534,35 @@ static int fetch_refs_via_pack(struct transport *transport,
 	args.quiet = (transport->verbose < 0);
 	args.no_progress = !transport->progress;
 	args.depth = data->options.depth;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-		origh[i] = heads[i] = xstrdup(to_fetch[i]->name);
+	args.check_self_contained_and_connected =
+		data->options.check_self_contained_and_connected;
+	args.cloning = transport->cloning;
+	args.update_shallow = data->options.update_shallow;
 
 	if (!data->got_remote_heads) {
 		connect_setup(transport, 0, 0);
-		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &refs_tmp, 0, NULL);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &refs_tmp, 0,
+				 NULL, &data->shallow);
 		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 	}
 
 	refs = fetch_pack(&args, data->fd, data->conn,
 			  refs_tmp ? refs_tmp : transport->remote_refs,
-			  dest, nr_heads, heads, &transport->pack_lockfile);
+			  dest, to_fetch, nr_heads, &data->shallow,
+			  &transport->pack_lockfile);
 	close(data->fd[0]);
 	close(data->fd[1]);
-	if (finish_connect(data->conn))
+	if (finish_connect(data->conn)) {
+		free_refs(refs);
 		refs = NULL;
+	}
 	data->conn = NULL;
 	data->got_remote_heads = 0;
+	data->options.self_contained_and_connected =
+		args.self_contained_and_connected;
 
 	free_refs(refs_tmp);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < nr_heads; i++)
-		free(origh[i]);
-	free(origh);
-	free(heads);
+	free_refs(refs);
 	free(dest);
 	return (refs ? 0 : -1);
 }
@@ -653,7 +655,7 @@ static void print_ok_ref_status(struct ref *ref, int porcelain)
 		print_ref_status('-', "[deleted]", ref, NULL, NULL, porcelain);
 	else if (is_null_sha1(ref->old_sha1))
 		print_ref_status('*',
-			(!prefixcmp(ref->name, "refs/tags/") ? "[new tag]" :
+			(starts_with(ref->name, "refs/tags/") ? "[new tag]" :
 			"[new branch]"),
 			ref, ref->peer_ref, NULL, porcelain);
 	else {
@@ -662,7 +664,7 @@ static void print_ok_ref_status(struct ref *ref, int porcelain)
 		const char *msg;
 
 		strcpy(quickref, status_abbrev(ref->old_sha1));
-		if (ref->nonfastforward) {
+		if (ref->forced_update) {
 			strcat(quickref, "...");
 			type = '+';
 			msg = "forced update";
@@ -698,6 +700,26 @@ static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count, i
 		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
 						 "non-fast-forward", porcelain);
 		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "already exists", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "fetch first", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "needs force", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "stale info", porcelain);
+		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_REJECT_SHALLOW:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "new shallow roots not allowed", porcelain);
+		break;
 	case REF_STATUS_REMOTE_REJECT:
 		print_ref_status('!', "[remote rejected]", ref,
 						 ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
@@ -708,6 +730,10 @@ static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count, i
 						 ref->deletion ? NULL : ref->peer_ref,
 						 "remote failed to report status", porcelain);
 		break;
+	case REF_STATUS_ATOMIC_PUSH_FAILED:
+		print_ref_status('!', "[rejected]", ref, ref->peer_ref,
+						 "atomic push failed", porcelain);
+		break;
 	case REF_STATUS_OK:
 		print_ok_ref_status(ref, porcelain);
 		break;
@@ -717,10 +743,14 @@ static int print_one_push_status(struct ref *ref, const char *dest, int count, i
 }
 
 void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
-				  int verbose, int porcelain, int *nonfastforward)
+				  int verbose, int porcelain, unsigned int *reject_reasons)
 {
 	struct ref *ref;
 	int n = 0;
+	unsigned char head_sha1[20];
+	char *head;
+
+	head = resolve_refdup("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, head_sha1, NULL);
 
 	if (verbose) {
 		for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next)
@@ -732,15 +762,26 @@ void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
 		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_OK)
 			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
 
-	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	*reject_reasons = 0;
 	for (ref = refs; ref; ref = ref->next) {
 		if (ref->status != REF_STATUS_NONE &&
 		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_UPTODATE &&
 		    ref->status != REF_STATUS_OK)
 			n += print_one_push_status(ref, dest, n, porcelain);
-		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD)
-			*nonfastforward = 1;
+		if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD) {
+			if (head != NULL && !strcmp(head, ref->name))
+				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD;
+			else
+				*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_FETCH_FIRST) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_FETCH_FIRST;
+		} else if (ref->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE) {
+			*reject_reasons |= REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE;
+		}
 	}
+	free(head);
 }
 
 void transport_verify_remote_names(int nr_heads, const char **heads)
@@ -776,7 +817,8 @@ static int git_transport_push(struct transport *transport, struct ref *remote_re
 		struct ref *tmp_refs;
 		connect_setup(transport, 1, 0);
 
-		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], &tmp_refs, REF_NORMAL, NULL);
+		get_remote_heads(data->fd[0], NULL, 0, &tmp_refs, REF_NORMAL,
+				 NULL, &data->shallow);
 		data->got_remote_heads = 1;
 	}
 
@@ -789,6 +831,9 @@ static int git_transport_push(struct transport *transport, struct ref *remote_re
 	args.progress = transport->progress;
 	args.dry_run = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN);
 	args.porcelain = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_PORCELAIN);
+	args.push_cert = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT);
+	args.atomic = !!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ATOMIC);
+	args.url = transport->url;
 
 	ret = send_pack(&args, data->fd, data->conn, remote_refs,
 			&data->extra_have);
@@ -852,14 +897,8 @@ void transport_take_over(struct transport *transport,
 	transport->push_refs = git_transport_push;
 	transport->disconnect = disconnect_git;
 	transport->smart_options = &(data->options);
-}
 
-static int is_local(const char *url)
-{
-	const char *colon = strchr(url, ':');
-	const char *slash = strchr(url, '/');
-	return !colon || (slash && slash < colon) ||
-		has_dos_drive_prefix(url);
+	transport->cannot_reuse = 1;
 }
 
 static int is_file(const char *url)
@@ -899,18 +938,18 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
 
 		while (is_urlschemechar(p == url, *p))
 			p++;
-		if (!prefixcmp(p, "::"))
+		if (starts_with(p, "::"))
 			helper = xstrndup(url, p - url);
 	}
 
 	if (helper) {
 		transport_helper_init(ret, helper);
-	} else if (!prefixcmp(url, "rsync:")) {
+	} else if (starts_with(url, "rsync:")) {
 		ret->get_refs_list = get_refs_via_rsync;
 		ret->fetch = fetch_objs_via_rsync;
 		ret->push = rsync_transport_push;
 		ret->smart_options = NULL;
-	} else if (is_local(url) && is_file(url) && is_bundle(url, 1)) {
+	} else if (url_is_local_not_ssh(url) && is_file(url) && is_bundle(url, 1)) {
 		struct bundle_transport_data *data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
 		ret->data = data;
 		ret->get_refs_list = get_refs_from_bundle;
@@ -918,11 +957,11 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
 		ret->disconnect = close_bundle;
 		ret->smart_options = NULL;
 	} else if (!is_url(url)
-		|| !prefixcmp(url, "file://")
-		|| !prefixcmp(url, "git://")
-		|| !prefixcmp(url, "ssh://")
-		|| !prefixcmp(url, "git+ssh://")
-		|| !prefixcmp(url, "ssh+git://")) {
+		|| starts_with(url, "file://")
+		|| starts_with(url, "git://")
+		|| starts_with(url, "ssh://")
+		|| starts_with(url, "git+ssh://")
+		|| starts_with(url, "ssh+git://")) {
 		/* These are builtin smart transports. */
 		struct git_transport_data *data = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*data));
 		ret->data = data;
@@ -939,9 +978,7 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *remote, const char *url)
 	} else {
 		/* Unknown protocol in URL. Pass to external handler. */
 		int len = external_specification_len(url);
-		char *handler = xmalloc(len + 1);
-		handler[len] = 0;
-		strncpy(handler, url, len);
+		char *handler = xmemdupz(url, len);
 		transport_helper_init(ret, handler);
 	}
 
@@ -1004,11 +1041,86 @@ void transport_set_verbosity(struct transport *transport, int verbosity,
 		transport->progress = verbosity >= 0 && isatty(2);
 }
 
+static void die_with_unpushed_submodules(struct string_list *needs_pushing)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "The following submodule paths contain changes that can\n"
+			"not be found on any remote:\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < needs_pushing->nr; i++)
+		printf("  %s\n", needs_pushing->items[i].string);
+	fprintf(stderr, "\nPlease try\n\n"
+			"	git push --recurse-submodules=on-demand\n\n"
+			"or cd to the path and use\n\n"
+			"	git push\n\n"
+			"to push them to a remote.\n\n");
+
+	string_list_clear(needs_pushing, 0);
+
+	die("Aborting.");
+}
+
+static int run_pre_push_hook(struct transport *transport,
+			     struct ref *remote_refs)
+{
+	int ret = 0, x;
+	struct ref *r;
+	struct child_process proc = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	const char *argv[4];
+
+	if (!(argv[0] = find_hook("pre-push")))
+		return 0;
+
+	argv[1] = transport->remote->name;
+	argv[2] = transport->url;
+	argv[3] = NULL;
+
+	proc.argv = argv;
+	proc.in = -1;
+
+	if (start_command(&proc)) {
+		finish_command(&proc);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	strbuf_init(&buf, 256);
+
+	for (r = remote_refs; r; r = r->next) {
+		if (!r->peer_ref) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_NONFASTFORWARD) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_REJECT_STALE) continue;
+		if (r->status == REF_STATUS_UPTODATE) continue;
+
+		strbuf_reset(&buf);
+		strbuf_addf( &buf, "%s %s %s %s\n",
+			 r->peer_ref->name, sha1_to_hex(r->new_sha1),
+			 r->name, sha1_to_hex(r->old_sha1));
+
+		if (write_in_full(proc.in, buf.buf, buf.len) != buf.len) {
+			ret = -1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+
+	x = close(proc.in);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = x;
+
+	x = finish_command(&proc);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = x;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-		   int *nonfastforward)
+		   unsigned int *reject_reasons)
 {
-	*nonfastforward = 0;
+	*reject_reasons = 0;
 	transport_verify_remote_names(refspec_nr, refspec);
 
 	if (transport->push) {
@@ -1018,8 +1130,7 @@ int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 
 		return transport->push(transport, refspec_nr, refspec, flags);
 	} else if (transport->push_refs) {
-		struct ref *remote_refs =
-			transport->get_refs_list(transport, 1);
+		struct ref *remote_refs;
 		struct ref *local_refs = get_local_heads();
 		int match_flags = MATCH_REFS_NONE;
 		int verbose = (transport->verbose > 0);
@@ -1028,28 +1139,58 @@ int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 		int pretend = flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_DRY_RUN;
 		int push_ret, ret, err;
 
+		if (check_push_refs(local_refs, refspec_nr, refspec) < 0)
+			return -1;
+
+		remote_refs = transport->get_refs_list(transport, 1);
+
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_ALL)
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_ALL;
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR)
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_MIRROR;
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE)
 			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_PRUNE;
+		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS)
+			match_flags |= MATCH_REFS_FOLLOW_TAGS;
 
 		if (match_push_refs(local_refs, &remote_refs,
 				    refspec_nr, refspec, match_flags)) {
 			return -1;
 		}
 
+		if (transport->smart_options &&
+		    transport->smart_options->cas &&
+		    !is_empty_cas(transport->smart_options->cas))
+			apply_push_cas(transport->smart_options->cas,
+				       transport->remote, remote_refs);
+
 		set_ref_status_for_push(remote_refs,
 			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_MIRROR,
 			flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_FORCE);
 
-		if ((flags & TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK) && !is_bare_repository()) {
+		if (!(flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK))
+			if (run_pre_push_hook(transport, remote_refs))
+				return -1;
+
+		if ((flags & TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND) && !is_bare_repository()) {
 			struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
 			for (; ref; ref = ref->next)
 				if (!is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1) &&
-				    check_submodule_needs_pushing(ref->new_sha1,transport->remote->name))
-					die("There are unpushed submodules, aborting.");
+				    !push_unpushed_submodules(ref->new_sha1,
+					    transport->remote->name))
+				    die ("Failed to push all needed submodules!");
+		}
+
+		if ((flags & (TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND |
+			      TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK)) && !is_bare_repository()) {
+			struct ref *ref = remote_refs;
+			struct string_list needs_pushing = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+			for (; ref; ref = ref->next)
+				if (!is_null_sha1(ref->new_sha1) &&
+				    find_unpushed_submodules(ref->new_sha1,
+					    transport->remote->name, &needs_pushing))
+					die_with_unpushed_submodules(&needs_pushing);
 		}
 
 		push_ret = transport->push_refs(transport, remote_refs, flags);
@@ -1059,7 +1200,7 @@ int transport_push(struct transport *transport,
 		if (!quiet || err)
 			transport_print_push_status(transport->url, remote_refs,
 					verbose | porcelain, porcelain,
-					nonfastforward);
+					reject_reasons);
 
 		if (flags & TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM)
 			set_upstreams(transport, remote_refs, pretend);
@@ -1113,7 +1254,7 @@ int transport_fetch_refs(struct transport *transport, struct ref *refs)
 		 * then local and remote refs are likely to still be equal.
 		 * Just feed them all to the fetch method in that case.
 		 * This condition shouldn't be met in a non-deepening fetch
-		 * (see builtin-fetch.c:quickfetch()).
+		 * (see builtin/fetch.c:quickfetch()).
 		 */
 		heads = xmalloc(nr_refs * sizeof(*heads));
 		for (rm = refs; rm; rm = rm->next)
@@ -1154,7 +1295,7 @@ int transport_disconnect(struct transport *transport)
 }
 
 /*
- * Strip username (and password) from an url and return
+ * Strip username (and password) from a URL and return
  * it in a newly allocated string.
  */
 char *transport_anonymize_url(const char *url)
@@ -1163,7 +1304,7 @@ char *transport_anonymize_url(const char *url)
 	size_t anon_len, prefix_len = 0;
 
 	anon_part = strchr(url, '@');
-	if (is_local(url) || !anon_part)
+	if (url_is_local_not_ssh(url) || !anon_part)
 		goto literal_copy;
 
 	anon_len = strlen(++anon_part);
@@ -1224,11 +1365,11 @@ static int refs_from_alternate_cb(struct alternate_object_database *e,
 	while (other[len-1] == '/')
 		other[--len] = '\0';
 	if (len < 8 || memcmp(other + len - 8, "/objects", 8))
-		return 0;
+		goto out;
 	/* Is this a git repository with refs? */
 	memcpy(other + len - 8, "/refs", 6);
 	if (!is_directory(other))
-		return 0;
+		goto out;
 	other[len - 8] = '\0';
 	remote = remote_get(other);
 	transport = transport_get(remote, other);
@@ -1237,6 +1378,7 @@ static int refs_from_alternate_cb(struct alternate_object_database *e,
 	     extra = extra->next)
 		cb->fn(extra, cb->data);
 	transport_disconnect(transport);
+out:
 	free(other);
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/transport.h b/transport.h
index ce99ef8b7e..18d2cf8275 100644
--- a/transport.h
+++ b/transport.h
@@ -2,15 +2,21 @@
 #define TRANSPORT_H
 
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "run-command.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 
 struct git_transport_options {
 	unsigned thin : 1;
 	unsigned keep : 1;
 	unsigned followtags : 1;
+	unsigned check_self_contained_and_connected : 1;
+	unsigned self_contained_and_connected : 1;
+	unsigned update_shallow : 1;
+	unsigned push_cert : 1;
 	int depth;
 	const char *uploadpack;
 	const char *receivepack;
+	struct push_cas_option *cas;
 };
 
 struct transport {
@@ -25,6 +31,18 @@ struct transport {
 	 */
 	unsigned got_remote_refs : 1;
 
+	/*
+	 * Transports that call take-over destroys the data specific to
+	 * the transport type while doing so, and cannot be reused.
+	 */
+	unsigned cannot_reuse : 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * A hint from caller that it will be performing a clone, not
+	 * normal fetch. IOW the repository is guaranteed empty.
+	 */
+	unsigned cloning : 1;
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns 0 if successful, positive if the option is not
 	 * recognized or is inapplicable, and negative if the option
@@ -74,7 +92,7 @@ struct transport {
 		       const char *executable, int fd[2]);
 
 	/** get_refs_list(), fetch(), and push_refs() can keep
-	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for futher
+	 * resources (such as a connection) reserved for further
 	 * use. disconnect() releases these resources.
 	 **/
 	int (*disconnect)(struct transport *connection);
@@ -103,8 +121,14 @@ struct transport {
 #define TRANSPORT_PUSH_SET_UPSTREAM 32
 #define TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_CHECK 64
 #define TRANSPORT_PUSH_PRUNE 128
+#define TRANSPORT_RECURSE_SUBMODULES_ON_DEMAND 256
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_NO_HOOK 512
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_FOLLOW_TAGS 1024
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_CERT 2048
+#define TRANSPORT_PUSH_ATOMIC 4096
 
 #define TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH (2 * DEFAULT_ABBREV + 3)
+#define TRANSPORT_SUMMARY(x) (int)(TRANSPORT_SUMMARY_WIDTH + strlen(x) - gettext_width(x)), (x)
 
 /* Returns a transport suitable for the url */
 struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *, const char *);
@@ -120,6 +144,9 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *, const char *);
 /* Transfer the data as a thin pack if not null */
 #define TRANS_OPT_THIN "thin"
 
+/* Check the current value of the remote ref */
+#define TRANS_OPT_CAS "cas"
+
 /* Keep the pack that was transferred if not null */
 #define TRANS_OPT_KEEP "keep"
 
@@ -129,6 +156,12 @@ struct transport *transport_get(struct remote *, const char *);
 /* Aggressively fetch annotated tags if possible */
 #define TRANS_OPT_FOLLOWTAGS "followtags"
 
+/* Accept refs that may update .git/shallow without --depth */
+#define TRANS_OPT_UPDATE_SHALLOW "updateshallow"
+
+/* Send push certificates */
+#define TRANS_OPT_PUSH_CERT "pushcert"
+
 /**
  * Returns 0 if the option was used, non-zero otherwise. Prints a
  * message to stderr if the option is not used.
@@ -138,9 +171,15 @@ int transport_set_option(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
 void transport_set_verbosity(struct transport *transport, int verbosity,
 	int force_progress);
 
+#define REJECT_NON_FF_HEAD     0x01
+#define REJECT_NON_FF_OTHER    0x02
+#define REJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS  0x04
+#define REJECT_FETCH_FIRST     0x08
+#define REJECT_NEEDS_FORCE     0x10
+
 int transport_push(struct transport *connection,
 		   int refspec_nr, const char **refspec, int flags,
-		   int * nonfastforward);
+		   unsigned int * reject_reasons);
 
 const struct ref *transport_get_remote_refs(struct transport *transport);
 
@@ -158,7 +197,7 @@ int transport_connect(struct transport *transport, const char *name,
 int transport_helper_init(struct transport *transport, const char *name);
 int bidirectional_transfer_loop(int input, int output);
 
-/* common methods used by transport.c and builtin-send-pack.c */
+/* common methods used by transport.c and builtin/send-pack.c */
 void transport_verify_remote_names(int nr_heads, const char **heads);
 
 void transport_update_tracking_ref(struct remote *remote, struct ref *ref, int verbose);
@@ -166,9 +205,8 @@ void transport_update_tracking_ref(struct remote *remote, struct ref *ref, int v
 int transport_refs_pushed(struct ref *ref);
 
 void transport_print_push_status(const char *dest, struct ref *refs,
-		  int verbose, int porcelain, int *nonfastforward);
+		  int verbose, int porcelain, unsigned int *reject_reasons);
 
 typedef void alternate_ref_fn(const struct ref *, void *);
 extern void for_each_alternate_ref(alternate_ref_fn, void *);
-
 #endif
diff --git a/tree-diff.c b/tree-diff.c
index 28ad6db9ff..e7b378c8b2 100644
--- a/tree-diff.c
+++ b/tree-diff.c
@@ -6,121 +6,293 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "tree.h"
 
-static void show_entry(struct diff_options *opt, const char *prefix,
-		       struct tree_desc *desc, struct strbuf *base);
+/*
+ * internal mode marker, saying a tree entry != entry of tp[imin]
+ * (see ll_diff_tree_paths for what it means there)
+ *
+ * we will update/use/emit entry for diff only with it unset.
+ */
+#define S_IFXMIN_NEQ	S_DIFFTREE_IFXMIN_NEQ
 
-static int compare_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
-			      struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
-{
-	unsigned mode1, mode2;
-	const char *path1, *path2;
-	const unsigned char *sha1, *sha2;
-	int cmp, pathlen1, pathlen2;
-	int old_baselen = base->len;
 
-	sha1 = tree_entry_extract(t1, &path1, &mode1);
-	sha2 = tree_entry_extract(t2, &path2, &mode2);
+static struct combine_diff_path *ll_diff_tree_paths(
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const unsigned char **parents_sha1, int nparent,
+	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
+static int ll_diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new,
+			     struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt);
 
-	pathlen1 = tree_entry_len(&t1->entry);
-	pathlen2 = tree_entry_len(&t2->entry);
-	cmp = base_name_compare(path1, pathlen1, mode1, path2, pathlen2, mode2);
-	if (cmp < 0) {
-		show_entry(opt, "-", t1, base);
+/*
+ * Compare two tree entries, taking into account only path/S_ISDIR(mode),
+ * but not their sha1's.
+ *
+ * NOTE files and directories *always* compare differently, even when having
+ *      the same name - thanks to base_name_compare().
+ *
+ * NOTE empty (=invalid) descriptor(s) take part in comparison as +infty,
+ *      so that they sort *after* valid tree entries.
+ *
+ *      Due to this convention, if trees are scanned in sorted order, all
+ *      non-empty descriptors will be processed first.
+ */
+static int tree_entry_pathcmp(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2)
+{
+	struct name_entry *e1, *e2;
+	int cmp;
+
+	/* empty descriptors sort after valid tree entries */
+	if (!t1->size)
+		return t2->size ? 1 : 0;
+	else if (!t2->size)
 		return -1;
-	}
-	if (cmp > 0) {
-		show_entry(opt, "+", t2, base);
-		return 1;
-	}
-	if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER) && !hashcmp(sha1, sha2) && mode1 == mode2)
-		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If the filemode has changed to/from a directory from/to a regular
-	 * file, we need to consider it a remove and an add.
-	 */
-	if (S_ISDIR(mode1) != S_ISDIR(mode2)) {
-		show_entry(opt, "-", t1, base);
-		show_entry(opt, "+", t2, base);
-		return 0;
-	}
+	e1 = &t1->entry;
+	e2 = &t2->entry;
+	cmp = base_name_compare(e1->path, tree_entry_len(e1), e1->mode,
+				e2->path, tree_entry_len(e2), e2->mode);
+	return cmp;
+}
+
 
-	strbuf_add(base, path1, pathlen1);
-	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE) && S_ISDIR(mode1)) {
-		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE)) {
-			opt->change(opt, mode1, mode2,
-				    sha1, sha2, base->buf, 0, 0);
+/*
+ * convert path -> opt->diff_*() callbacks
+ *
+ * emits diff to first parent only, and tells diff tree-walker that we are done
+ * with p and it can be freed.
+ */
+static int emit_diff_first_parent_only(struct diff_options *opt, struct combine_diff_path *p)
+{
+	struct combine_diff_parent *p0 = &p->parent[0];
+	if (p->mode && p0->mode) {
+		opt->change(opt, p0->mode, p->mode, p0->sha1, p->sha1,
+			1, 1, p->path, 0, 0);
+	}
+	else {
+		const unsigned char *sha1;
+		unsigned int mode;
+		int addremove;
+
+		if (p->mode) {
+			addremove = '+';
+			sha1 = p->sha1;
+			mode = p->mode;
+		} else {
+			addremove = '-';
+			sha1 = p0->sha1;
+			mode = p0->mode;
 		}
-		strbuf_addch(base, '/');
-		diff_tree_sha1(sha1, sha2, base->buf, opt);
-	} else {
-		opt->change(opt, mode1, mode2, sha1, sha2, base->buf, 0, 0);
+
+		opt->add_remove(opt, addremove, mode, sha1, 1, p->path, 0);
 	}
-	strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
-	return 0;
+
+	return 0;	/* we are done with p */
 }
 
-/* A whole sub-tree went away or appeared */
-static void show_tree(struct diff_options *opt, const char *prefix,
-		      struct tree_desc *desc, struct strbuf *base)
+
+/*
+ * Make a new combine_diff_path from path/mode/sha1
+ * and append it to paths list tail.
+ *
+ * Memory for created elements could be reused:
+ *
+ *	- if last->next == NULL, the memory is allocated;
+ *
+ *	- if last->next != NULL, it is assumed that p=last->next was returned
+ *	  earlier by this function, and p->next was *not* modified.
+ *	  The memory is then reused from p.
+ *
+ * so for clients,
+ *
+ * - if you do need to keep the element
+ *
+ *	p = path_appendnew(p, ...);
+ *	process(p);
+ *	p->next = NULL;
+ *
+ * - if you don't need to keep the element after processing
+ *
+ *	pprev = p;
+ *	p = path_appendnew(p, ...);
+ *	process(p);
+ *	p = pprev;
+ *	; don't forget to free tail->next in the end
+ *
+ * p->parent[] remains uninitialized.
+ */
+static struct combine_diff_path *path_appendnew(struct combine_diff_path *last,
+	int nparent, const struct strbuf *base, const char *path, int pathlen,
+	unsigned mode, const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
-	enum interesting match = entry_not_interesting;
-	for (; desc->size; update_tree_entry(desc)) {
-		if (match != all_entries_interesting) {
-			match = tree_entry_interesting(&desc->entry, base, 0,
-						       &opt->pathspec);
-			if (match == all_entries_not_interesting)
-				break;
-			if (match == entry_not_interesting)
-				continue;
-		}
-		show_entry(opt, prefix, desc, base);
+	struct combine_diff_path *p;
+	int len = base->len + pathlen;
+	int alloclen = combine_diff_path_size(nparent, len);
+
+	/* if last->next is !NULL - it is a pre-allocated memory, we can reuse */
+	p = last->next;
+	if (p && (alloclen > (intptr_t)p->next)) {
+		free(p);
+		p = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (!p) {
+		p = xmalloc(alloclen);
+
+		/*
+		 * until we go to it next round, .next holds how many bytes we
+		 * allocated (for faster realloc - we don't need copying old data).
+		 */
+		p->next = (struct combine_diff_path *)(intptr_t)alloclen;
 	}
+
+	last->next = p;
+
+	p->path = (char *)&(p->parent[nparent]);
+	memcpy(p->path, base->buf, base->len);
+	memcpy(p->path + base->len, path, pathlen);
+	p->path[len] = 0;
+	p->mode = mode;
+	hashcpy(p->sha1, sha1 ? sha1 : null_sha1);
+
+	return p;
 }
 
-/* A file entry went away or appeared */
-static void show_entry(struct diff_options *opt, const char *prefix,
-		       struct tree_desc *desc, struct strbuf *base)
+/*
+ * new path should be added to combine diff
+ *
+ * 3 cases on how/when it should be called and behaves:
+ *
+ *	 t, !tp		-> path added, all parents lack it
+ *	!t,  tp		-> path removed from all parents
+ *	 t,  tp		-> path modified/added
+ *			   (M for tp[i]=tp[imin], A otherwise)
+ */
+static struct combine_diff_path *emit_path(struct combine_diff_path *p,
+	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt, int nparent,
+	struct tree_desc *t, struct tree_desc *tp,
+	int imin)
 {
 	unsigned mode;
 	const char *path;
-	const unsigned char *sha1 = tree_entry_extract(desc, &path, &mode);
-	int pathlen = tree_entry_len(&desc->entry);
+	const unsigned char *sha1;
+	int pathlen;
 	int old_baselen = base->len;
+	int i, isdir, recurse = 0, emitthis = 1;
 
-	strbuf_add(base, path, pathlen);
-	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE) && S_ISDIR(mode)) {
-		enum object_type type;
-		struct tree_desc inner;
-		void *tree;
-		unsigned long size;
+	/* at least something has to be valid */
+	assert(t || tp);
 
-		tree = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
-		if (!tree || type != OBJ_TREE)
-			die("corrupt tree sha %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+	if (t) {
+		/* path present in resulting tree */
+		sha1 = tree_entry_extract(t, &path, &mode);
+		pathlen = tree_entry_len(&t->entry);
+		isdir = S_ISDIR(mode);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * a path was removed - take path from imin parent. Also take
+		 * mode from that parent, to decide on recursion(1).
+		 *
+		 * 1) all modes for tp[i]=tp[imin] should be the same wrt
+		 *    S_ISDIR, thanks to base_name_compare().
+		 */
+		tree_entry_extract(&tp[imin], &path, &mode);
+		pathlen = tree_entry_len(&tp[imin].entry);
 
-		if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE))
-			opt->add_remove(opt, *prefix, mode, sha1, base->buf, 0);
+		isdir = S_ISDIR(mode);
+		sha1 = NULL;
+		mode = 0;
+	}
 
-		strbuf_addch(base, '/');
+	if (DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE) && isdir) {
+		recurse = 1;
+		emitthis = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE);
+	}
+
+	if (emitthis) {
+		int keep;
+		struct combine_diff_path *pprev = p;
+		p = path_appendnew(p, nparent, base, path, pathlen, mode, sha1);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i) {
+			/*
+			 * tp[i] is valid, if present and if tp[i]==tp[imin] -
+			 * otherwise, we should ignore it.
+			 */
+			int tpi_valid = tp && !(tp[i].entry.mode & S_IFXMIN_NEQ);
+
+			const unsigned char *sha1_i;
+			unsigned mode_i;
+
+			p->parent[i].status =
+				!t ? DIFF_STATUS_DELETED :
+					tpi_valid ?
+						DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED :
+						DIFF_STATUS_ADDED;
+
+			if (tpi_valid) {
+				sha1_i = tp[i].entry.sha1;
+				mode_i = tp[i].entry.mode;
+			}
+			else {
+				sha1_i = NULL;
+				mode_i = 0;
+			}
+
+			p->parent[i].mode = mode_i;
+			hashcpy(p->parent[i].sha1, sha1_i ? sha1_i : null_sha1);
+		}
+
+		keep = 1;
+		if (opt->pathchange)
+			keep = opt->pathchange(opt, p);
 
-		init_tree_desc(&inner, tree, size);
-		show_tree(opt, prefix, &inner, base);
-		free(tree);
-	} else
-		opt->add_remove(opt, prefix[0], mode, sha1, base->buf, 0);
+		/*
+		 * If a path was filtered or consumed - we don't need to add it
+		 * to the list and can reuse its memory, leaving it as
+		 * pre-allocated element on the tail.
+		 *
+		 * On the other hand, if path needs to be kept, we need to
+		 * correct its .next to NULL, as it was pre-initialized to how
+		 * much memory was allocated.
+		 *
+		 * see path_appendnew() for details.
+		 */
+		if (!keep)
+			p = pprev;
+		else
+			p->next = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (recurse) {
+		const unsigned char **parents_sha1;
+
+		parents_sha1 = xalloca(nparent * sizeof(parents_sha1[0]));
+		for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i) {
+			/* same rule as in emitthis */
+			int tpi_valid = tp && !(tp[i].entry.mode & S_IFXMIN_NEQ);
+
+			parents_sha1[i] = tpi_valid ? tp[i].entry.sha1
+						    : NULL;
+		}
+
+		strbuf_add(base, path, pathlen);
+		strbuf_addch(base, '/');
+		p = ll_diff_tree_paths(p, sha1, parents_sha1, nparent, base, opt);
+		xalloca_free(parents_sha1);
+	}
 
 	strbuf_setlen(base, old_baselen);
+	return p;
 }
 
 static void skip_uninteresting(struct tree_desc *t, struct strbuf *base,
-			       struct diff_options *opt,
-			       enum interesting *match)
+			       struct diff_options *opt)
 {
+	enum interesting match;
+
 	while (t->size) {
-		*match = tree_entry_interesting(&t->entry, base, 0, &opt->pathspec);
-		if (*match) {
-			if (*match == all_entries_not_interesting)
+		match = tree_entry_interesting(&t->entry, base, 0, &opt->pathspec);
+		if (match) {
+			if (match == all_entries_not_interesting)
 				t->size = 0;
 			break;
 		}
@@ -128,56 +300,260 @@ static void skip_uninteresting(struct tree_desc *t, struct strbuf *base,
 	}
 }
 
-int diff_tree(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2,
-	      const char *base_str, struct diff_options *opt)
+
+/*
+ * generate paths for combined diff D(sha1,parents_sha1[])
+ *
+ * Resulting paths are appended to combine_diff_path linked list, and also, are
+ * emitted on the go via opt->pathchange() callback, so it is possible to
+ * process the result as batch or incrementally.
+ *
+ * The paths are generated scanning new tree and all parents trees
+ * simultaneously, similarly to what diff_tree() was doing for 2 trees.
+ * The theory behind such scan is as follows:
+ *
+ *
+ * D(T,P1...Pn) calculation scheme
+ * -------------------------------
+ *
+ * D(T,P1...Pn) = D(T,P1) ^ ... ^ D(T,Pn)	(regarding resulting paths set)
+ *
+ *	D(T,Pj)		- diff between T..Pj
+ *	D(T,P1...Pn)	- combined diff from T to parents P1,...,Pn
+ *
+ *
+ * We start from all trees, which are sorted, and compare their entries in
+ * lock-step:
+ *
+ *	 T     P1       Pn
+ *	 -     -        -
+ *	|t|   |p1|     |pn|
+ *	|-|   |--| ... |--|      imin = argmin(p1...pn)
+ *	| |   |  |     |  |
+ *	|-|   |--|     |--|
+ *	|.|   |. |     |. |
+ *	 .     .        .
+ *	 .     .        .
+ *
+ * at any time there could be 3 cases:
+ *
+ *	1)  t < p[imin];
+ *	2)  t > p[imin];
+ *	3)  t = p[imin].
+ *
+ * Schematic deduction of what every case means, and what to do, follows:
+ *
+ * 1)  t < p[imin]  ->  ∀j t ∉ Pj  ->  "+t" ∈ D(T,Pj)  ->  D += "+t";  t↓
+ *
+ * 2)  t > p[imin]
+ *
+ *     2.1) ∃j: pj > p[imin]  ->  "-p[imin]" ∉ D(T,Pj)  ->  D += ø;  ∀ pi=p[imin]  pi↓
+ *     2.2) ∀i  pi = p[imin]  ->  pi ∉ T  ->  "-pi" ∈ D(T,Pi)  ->  D += "-p[imin]";  ∀i pi↓
+ *
+ * 3)  t = p[imin]
+ *
+ *     3.1) ∃j: pj > p[imin]  ->  "+t" ∈ D(T,Pj)  ->  only pi=p[imin] remains to investigate
+ *     3.2) pi = p[imin]  ->  investigate δ(t,pi)
+ *      |
+ *      |
+ *      v
+ *
+ *     3.1+3.2) looking at δ(t,pi) ∀i: pi=p[imin] - if all != ø  ->
+ *
+ *                       ⎧δ(t,pi)  - if pi=p[imin]
+ *              ->  D += ⎨
+ *                       ⎩"+t"     - if pi>p[imin]
+ *
+ *
+ *     in any case t↓  ∀ pi=p[imin]  pi↓
+ *
+ *
+ * ~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * NOTE
+ *
+ *	Usual diff D(A,B) is by definition the same as combined diff D(A,[B]),
+ *	so this diff paths generator can, and is used, for plain diffs
+ *	generation too.
+ *
+ *	Please keep attention to the common D(A,[B]) case when working on the
+ *	code, in order not to slow it down.
+ *
+ * NOTE
+ *	nparent must be > 0.
+ */
+
+
+/* ∀ pi=p[imin]  pi↓ */
+static inline void update_tp_entries(struct tree_desc *tp, int nparent)
+{
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i)
+		if (!(tp[i].entry.mode & S_IFXMIN_NEQ))
+			update_tree_entry(&tp[i]);
+}
+
+static struct combine_diff_path *ll_diff_tree_paths(
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const unsigned char **parents_sha1, int nparent,
+	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
-	struct strbuf base;
-	int baselen = strlen(base_str);
-	enum interesting t1_match = entry_not_interesting;
-	enum interesting t2_match = entry_not_interesting;
+	struct tree_desc t, *tp;
+	void *ttree, **tptree;
+	int i;
+
+	tp     = xalloca(nparent * sizeof(tp[0]));
+	tptree = xalloca(nparent * sizeof(tptree[0]));
+
+	/*
+	 * load parents first, as they are probably already cached.
+	 *
+	 * ( log_tree_diff() parses commit->parent before calling here via
+	 *   diff_tree_sha1(parent, commit) )
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i)
+		tptree[i] = fill_tree_descriptor(&tp[i], parents_sha1[i]);
+	ttree = fill_tree_descriptor(&t, sha1);
 
 	/* Enable recursion indefinitely */
 	opt->pathspec.recursive = DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, RECURSIVE);
-	opt->pathspec.max_depth = -1;
-
-	strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX);
-	strbuf_add(&base, base_str, baselen);
 
 	for (;;) {
+		int imin, cmp;
+
 		if (diff_can_quit_early(opt))
 			break;
+
 		if (opt->pathspec.nr) {
-			skip_uninteresting(t1, &base, opt, &t1_match);
-			skip_uninteresting(t2, &base, opt, &t2_match);
+			skip_uninteresting(&t, base, opt);
+			for (i = 0; i < nparent; i++)
+				skip_uninteresting(&tp[i], base, opt);
 		}
-		if (!t1->size) {
-			if (!t2->size)
+
+		/* comparing is finished when all trees are done */
+		if (!t.size) {
+			int done = 1;
+			for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i)
+				if (tp[i].size) {
+					done = 0;
+					break;
+				}
+			if (done)
 				break;
-			show_entry(opt, "+", t2, &base);
-			update_tree_entry(t2);
-			continue;
 		}
-		if (!t2->size) {
-			show_entry(opt, "-", t1, &base);
-			update_tree_entry(t1);
-			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * lookup imin = argmin(p1...pn),
+		 * mark entries whether they =p[imin] along the way
+		 */
+		imin = 0;
+		tp[0].entry.mode &= ~S_IFXMIN_NEQ;
+
+		for (i = 1; i < nparent; ++i) {
+			cmp = tree_entry_pathcmp(&tp[i], &tp[imin]);
+			if (cmp < 0) {
+				imin = i;
+				tp[i].entry.mode &= ~S_IFXMIN_NEQ;
+			}
+			else if (cmp == 0) {
+				tp[i].entry.mode &= ~S_IFXMIN_NEQ;
+			}
+			else {
+				tp[i].entry.mode |= S_IFXMIN_NEQ;
+			}
 		}
-		switch (compare_tree_entry(t1, t2, &base, opt)) {
-		case -1:
-			update_tree_entry(t1);
-			continue;
-		case 0:
-			update_tree_entry(t1);
-			/* Fallthrough */
-		case 1:
-			update_tree_entry(t2);
-			continue;
+
+		/* fixup markings for entries before imin */
+		for (i = 0; i < imin; ++i)
+			tp[i].entry.mode |= S_IFXMIN_NEQ;	/* pi > p[imin] */
+
+
+
+		/* compare t vs p[imin] */
+		cmp = tree_entry_pathcmp(&t, &tp[imin]);
+
+		/* t = p[imin] */
+		if (cmp == 0) {
+			/* are either pi > p[imin] or diff(t,pi) != ø ? */
+			if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER)) {
+				for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i) {
+					/* p[i] > p[imin] */
+					if (tp[i].entry.mode & S_IFXMIN_NEQ)
+						continue;
+
+					/* diff(t,pi) != ø */
+					if (hashcmp(t.entry.sha1, tp[i].entry.sha1) ||
+					    (t.entry.mode != tp[i].entry.mode))
+						continue;
+
+					goto skip_emit_t_tp;
+				}
+			}
+
+			/* D += {δ(t,pi) if pi=p[imin];  "+a" if pi > p[imin]} */
+			p = emit_path(p, base, opt, nparent,
+					&t, tp, imin);
+
+		skip_emit_t_tp:
+			/* t↓,  ∀ pi=p[imin]  pi↓ */
+			update_tree_entry(&t);
+			update_tp_entries(tp, nparent);
+		}
+
+		/* t < p[imin] */
+		else if (cmp < 0) {
+			/* D += "+t" */
+			p = emit_path(p, base, opt, nparent,
+					&t, /*tp=*/NULL, -1);
+
+			/* t↓ */
+			update_tree_entry(&t);
+		}
+
+		/* t > p[imin] */
+		else {
+			/* ∀i pi=p[imin] -> D += "-p[imin]" */
+			if (!DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FIND_COPIES_HARDER)) {
+				for (i = 0; i < nparent; ++i)
+					if (tp[i].entry.mode & S_IFXMIN_NEQ)
+						goto skip_emit_tp;
+			}
+
+			p = emit_path(p, base, opt, nparent,
+					/*t=*/NULL, tp, imin);
+
+		skip_emit_tp:
+			/* ∀ pi=p[imin]  pi↓ */
+			update_tp_entries(tp, nparent);
 		}
-		die("git diff-tree: internal error");
 	}
 
-	strbuf_release(&base);
-	return 0;
+	free(ttree);
+	for (i = nparent-1; i >= 0; i--)
+		free(tptree[i]);
+	xalloca_free(tptree);
+	xalloca_free(tp);
+
+	return p;
+}
+
+struct combine_diff_path *diff_tree_paths(
+	struct combine_diff_path *p, const unsigned char *sha1,
+	const unsigned char **parents_sha1, int nparent,
+	struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+{
+	p = ll_diff_tree_paths(p, sha1, parents_sha1, nparent, base, opt);
+
+	/*
+	 * free pre-allocated last element, if any
+	 * (see path_appendnew() for details about why)
+	 */
+	if (p->next) {
+		free(p->next);
+		p->next = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return p;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -191,14 +567,32 @@ static inline int diff_might_be_rename(void)
 		!DIFF_FILE_VALID(diff_queued_diff.queue[0]->one);
 }
 
-static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+static void try_to_follow_renames(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new, struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
 	struct diff_options diff_opts;
 	struct diff_queue_struct *q = &diff_queued_diff;
 	struct diff_filepair *choice;
-	const char *paths[1];
 	int i;
 
+	/*
+	 * follow-rename code is very specific, we need exactly one
+	 * path. Magic that matches more than one path is not
+	 * supported.
+	 */
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(&opt->pathspec, PATHSPEC_FROMTOP | PATHSPEC_LITERAL);
+#if 0
+	/*
+	 * We should reject wildcards as well. Unfortunately we
+	 * haven't got a reliable way to detect that 'foo\*bar' in
+	 * fact has no wildcards. nowildcard_len is merely a hint for
+	 * optimization. Let it slip for now until wildmatch is taught
+	 * about dry-run mode and returns wildcard info.
+	 */
+	if (opt->pathspec.has_wildcard)
+		die("BUG:%s:%d: wildcards are not supported",
+		    __FILE__, __LINE__);
+#endif
+
 	/* Remove the file creation entry from the diff queue, and remember it */
 	choice = q->queue[0];
 	q->nr = 0;
@@ -207,16 +601,13 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, RECURSIVE);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&diff_opts, FIND_COPIES_HARDER);
 	diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
-	diff_opts.single_follow = opt->pathspec.raw[0];
+	diff_opts.single_follow = opt->pathspec.items[0].match;
 	diff_opts.break_opt = opt->break_opt;
 	diff_opts.rename_score = opt->rename_score;
-	paths[0] = NULL;
-	diff_tree_setup_paths(paths, &diff_opts);
-	if (diff_setup_done(&diff_opts) < 0)
-		die("unable to set up diff options to follow renames");
-	diff_tree(t1, t2, base, &diff_opts);
+	diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);
+	ll_diff_tree_sha1(old, new, base, &diff_opts);
 	diffcore_std(&diff_opts);
-	diff_tree_release_paths(&diff_opts);
+	free_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
 
 	/* Go through the new set of filepairing, and see if we find a more interesting one */
 	opt->found_follow = 0;
@@ -229,15 +620,20 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 		 * the future!
 		 */
 		if ((p->status == 'R' || p->status == 'C') &&
-		    !strcmp(p->two->path, opt->pathspec.raw[0])) {
+		    !strcmp(p->two->path, opt->pathspec.items[0].match)) {
+			const char *path[2];
+
 			/* Switch the file-pairs around */
 			q->queue[i] = choice;
 			choice = p;
 
 			/* Update the path we use from now on.. */
-			diff_tree_release_paths(opt);
-			opt->pathspec.raw[0] = xstrdup(p->one->path);
-			diff_tree_setup_paths(opt->pathspec.raw, opt);
+			path[0] = p->one->path;
+			path[1] = NULL;
+			free_pathspec(&opt->pathspec);
+			parse_pathspec(&opt->pathspec,
+				       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
+				       PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", path);
 
 			/*
 			 * The caller expects us to return a set of vanilla
@@ -268,56 +664,44 @@ static void try_to_follow_renames(struct tree_desc *t1, struct tree_desc *t2, co
 	q->nr = 1;
 }
 
-int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+static int ll_diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new,
+			     struct strbuf *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
-	void *tree1, *tree2;
-	struct tree_desc t1, t2;
-	unsigned long size1, size2;
-	int retval;
+	struct combine_diff_path phead, *p;
+	pathchange_fn_t pathchange_old = opt->pathchange;
+
+	phead.next = NULL;
+	opt->pathchange = emit_diff_first_parent_only;
+	diff_tree_paths(&phead, new, &old, 1, base, opt);
 
-	tree1 = read_object_with_reference(old, tree_type, &size1, NULL);
-	if (!tree1)
-		die("unable to read source tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(old));
-	tree2 = read_object_with_reference(new, tree_type, &size2, NULL);
-	if (!tree2)
-		die("unable to read destination tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(new));
-	init_tree_desc(&t1, tree1, size1);
-	init_tree_desc(&t2, tree2, size2);
-	retval = diff_tree(&t1, &t2, base, opt);
-	if (!*base && DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FOLLOW_RENAMES) && diff_might_be_rename()) {
-		init_tree_desc(&t1, tree1, size1);
-		init_tree_desc(&t2, tree2, size2);
-		try_to_follow_renames(&t1, &t2, base, opt);
+	for (p = phead.next; p;) {
+		struct combine_diff_path *pprev = p;
+		p = p->next;
+		free(pprev);
 	}
-	free(tree1);
-	free(tree2);
-	return retval;
+
+	opt->pathchange = pathchange_old;
+	return 0;
 }
 
-int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
+int diff_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *old, const unsigned char *new, const char *base_str, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
+	struct strbuf base;
 	int retval;
-	void *tree;
-	unsigned long size;
-	struct tree_desc empty, real;
-
-	tree = read_object_with_reference(new, tree_type, &size, NULL);
-	if (!tree)
-		die("unable to read root tree (%s)", sha1_to_hex(new));
-	init_tree_desc(&real, tree, size);
-
-	init_tree_desc(&empty, "", 0);
-	retval = diff_tree(&empty, &real, base, opt);
-	free(tree);
-	return retval;
-}
 
-void diff_tree_release_paths(struct diff_options *opt)
-{
-	free_pathspec(&opt->pathspec);
+	strbuf_init(&base, PATH_MAX);
+	strbuf_addstr(&base, base_str);
+
+	retval = ll_diff_tree_sha1(old, new, &base, opt);
+	if (!*base_str && DIFF_OPT_TST(opt, FOLLOW_RENAMES) && diff_might_be_rename())
+		try_to_follow_renames(old, new, &base, opt);
+
+	strbuf_release(&base);
+
+	return retval;
 }
 
-void diff_tree_setup_paths(const char **p, struct diff_options *opt)
+int diff_root_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *new, const char *base, struct diff_options *opt)
 {
-	init_pathspec(&opt->pathspec, p);
+	return diff_tree_sha1(NULL, new, base, opt);
 }
diff --git a/tree-walk.c b/tree-walk.c
index 492c7cd744..5dd9a71804 100644
--- a/tree-walk.c
+++ b/tree-walk.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "unpack-trees.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "tree.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 
 static const char *get_mode(const char *str, unsigned int *modep)
 {
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ static void decode_tree_entry(struct tree_desc *desc, const char *buf, unsigned
 
 	/* Initialize the descriptor entry */
 	desc->entry.path = path;
-	desc->entry.mode = mode;
+	desc->entry.mode = canon_mode(mode);
 	desc->entry.sha1 = (const unsigned char *)(path + len);
 }
 
@@ -143,16 +144,6 @@ struct tree_desc_x {
 	struct tree_desc_skip *skip;
 };
 
-static int name_compare(const char *a, int a_len,
-			const char *b, int b_len)
-{
-	int len = (a_len < b_len) ? a_len : b_len;
-	int cmp = memcmp(a, b, len);
-	if (cmp)
-		return cmp;
-	return (a_len - b_len);
-}
-
 static int check_entry_match(const char *a, int a_len, const char *b, int b_len)
 {
 	/*
@@ -323,7 +314,6 @@ static inline int prune_traversal(struct name_entry *e,
 
 int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 {
-	int ret = 0;
 	int error = 0;
 	struct name_entry *entry = xmalloc(n*sizeof(*entry));
 	int i;
@@ -341,6 +331,7 @@ int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 		strbuf_setlen(&base, info->pathlen);
 	}
 	for (;;) {
+		int trees_used;
 		unsigned long mask, dirmask;
 		const char *first = NULL;
 		int first_len = 0;
@@ -404,15 +395,14 @@ int traverse_trees(int n, struct tree_desc *t, struct traverse_info *info)
 		if (interesting < 0)
 			break;
 		if (interesting) {
-			ret = info->fn(n, mask, dirmask, entry, info);
-			if (ret < 0) {
-				error = ret;
+			trees_used = info->fn(n, mask, dirmask, entry, info);
+			if (trees_used < 0) {
+				error = trees_used;
 				if (!info->show_all_errors)
 					break;
 			}
-			mask &= ret;
+			mask &= trees_used;
 		}
-		ret = 0;
 		for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 			if (mask & (1ul << i))
 				update_extended_entry(tx + i, entry + i);
@@ -488,13 +478,25 @@ int get_tree_entry(const unsigned char *tree_sha1, const char *name, unsigned ch
 	return retval;
 }
 
-static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
+static int match_entry(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		       const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 		       const char *match, int matchlen,
-		       int *never_interesting)
+		       enum interesting *never_interesting)
 {
 	int m = -1; /* signals that we haven't called strncmp() */
 
-	if (*never_interesting) {
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE)
+		/*
+		 * "Never interesting" trick requires exact
+		 * matching. We could do something clever with inexact
+		 * matching, but it's trickier (and not to forget that
+		 * strcasecmp is locale-dependent, at least in
+		 * glibc). Just disable it for now. It can't be worse
+		 * than the wildcard's codepath of '[Tt][Hi][Is][Ss]'
+		 * pattern.
+		 */
+		*never_interesting = entry_not_interesting;
+	else if (*never_interesting != entry_not_interesting) {
 		/*
 		 * We have not seen any match that sorts later
 		 * than the current path.
@@ -522,7 +524,7 @@ static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 		 * the variable to -1 and that is what will be
 		 * returned, allowing the caller to terminate early.
 		 */
-		*never_interesting = 0;
+		*never_interesting = entry_not_interesting;
 	}
 
 	if (pathlen > matchlen)
@@ -531,7 +533,7 @@ static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 	if (matchlen > pathlen) {
 		if (match[pathlen] != '/')
 			return 0;
-		if (!S_ISDIR(entry->mode))
+		if (!S_ISDIR(entry->mode) && !S_ISGITLINK(entry->mode))
 			return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -540,7 +542,7 @@ static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 		 * we cheated and did not do strncmp(), so we do
 		 * that here.
 		 */
-		m = strncmp(match, entry->path, pathlen);
+		m = ps_strncmp(item, match, entry->path, pathlen);
 
 	/*
 	 * If common part matched earlier then it is a hit,
@@ -548,15 +550,39 @@ static int match_entry(const struct name_entry *entry, int pathlen,
 	 * leading directory and is shorter than match.
 	 */
 	if (!m)
+		/*
+		 * match_entry does not check if the prefix part is
+		 * matched case-sensitively. If the entry is a
+		 * directory and part of prefix, it'll be rematched
+		 * eventually by basecmp with special treatment for
+		 * the prefix.
+		 */
 		return 1;
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int match_dir_prefix(const char *base,
+/* :(icase)-aware string compare */
+static int basecmp(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+		   const char *base, const char *match, int len)
+{
+	if (item->magic & PATHSPEC_ICASE) {
+		int ret, n = len > item->prefix ? item->prefix : len;
+		ret = strncmp(base, match, n);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+		base += n;
+		match += n;
+		len -= n;
+	}
+	return ps_strncmp(item, base, match, len);
+}
+
+static int match_dir_prefix(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			    const char *base,
 			    const char *match, int matchlen)
 {
-	if (strncmp(base, match, matchlen))
+	if (basecmp(item, base, match, matchlen))
 		return 0;
 
 	/*
@@ -573,22 +599,81 @@ static int match_dir_prefix(const char *base,
 }
 
 /*
+ * Perform matching on the leading non-wildcard part of
+ * pathspec. item->nowildcard_len must be greater than zero. Return
+ * non-zero if base is matched.
+ */
+static int match_wildcard_base(const struct pathspec_item *item,
+			       const char *base, int baselen,
+			       int *matched)
+{
+	const char *match = item->match;
+	/* the wildcard part is not considered in this function */
+	int matchlen = item->nowildcard_len;
+
+	if (baselen) {
+		int dirlen;
+		/*
+		 * Return early if base is longer than the
+		 * non-wildcard part but it does not match.
+		 */
+		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
+			*matched = matchlen;
+			return !basecmp(item, base, match, matchlen);
+		}
+
+		dirlen = matchlen;
+		while (dirlen && match[dirlen - 1] != '/')
+			dirlen--;
+
+		/*
+		 * Return early if base is shorter than the
+		 * non-wildcard part but it does not match. Note that
+		 * base ends with '/' so we are sure it really matches
+		 * directory
+		 */
+		if (basecmp(item, base, match, baselen))
+			return 0;
+		*matched = baselen;
+	} else
+		*matched = 0;
+	/*
+	 * we could have checked entry against the non-wildcard part
+	 * that is not in base and does similar never_interesting
+	 * optimization as in match_entry. For now just be happy with
+	 * base comparison.
+	 */
+	return entry_interesting;
+}
+
+/*
  * Is a tree entry interesting given the pathspec we have?
  *
  * Pre-condition: either baselen == base_offset (i.e. empty path)
  * or base[baselen-1] == '/' (i.e. with trailing slash).
  */
-enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
-					struct strbuf *base, int base_offset,
-					const struct pathspec *ps)
+static enum interesting do_match(const struct name_entry *entry,
+				 struct strbuf *base, int base_offset,
+				 const struct pathspec *ps,
+				 int exclude)
 {
 	int i;
 	int pathlen, baselen = base->len - base_offset;
-	int never_interesting = ps->has_wildcard ?
+	enum interesting never_interesting = ps->has_wildcard ?
 		entry_not_interesting : all_entries_not_interesting;
 
+	GUARD_PATHSPEC(ps,
+		       PATHSPEC_FROMTOP |
+		       PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH |
+		       PATHSPEC_LITERAL |
+		       PATHSPEC_GLOB |
+		       PATHSPEC_ICASE |
+		       PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE);
+
 	if (!ps->nr) {
-		if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+		if (!ps->recursive ||
+		    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+		    ps->max_depth == -1)
 			return all_entries_interesting;
 		return within_depth(base->buf + base_offset, baselen,
 				    !!S_ISDIR(entry->mode),
@@ -602,14 +687,20 @@ enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
 		const struct pathspec_item *item = ps->items+i;
 		const char *match = item->match;
 		const char *base_str = base->buf + base_offset;
-		int matchlen = item->len;
+		int matchlen = item->len, matched = 0;
+
+		if ((!exclude &&   item->magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE) ||
+		    ( exclude && !(item->magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE)))
+			continue;
 
 		if (baselen >= matchlen) {
 			/* If it doesn't match, move along... */
-			if (!match_dir_prefix(base_str, match, matchlen))
+			if (!match_dir_prefix(item, base_str, match, matchlen))
 				goto match_wildcards;
 
-			if (!ps->recursive || ps->max_depth == -1)
+			if (!ps->recursive ||
+			    !(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_MAXDEPTH) ||
+			    ps->max_depth == -1)
 				return all_entries_interesting;
 
 			return within_depth(base_str + matchlen + 1,
@@ -620,14 +711,15 @@ enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
 		}
 
 		/* Either there must be no base, or the base must match. */
-		if (baselen == 0 || !strncmp(base_str, match, baselen)) {
-			if (match_entry(entry, pathlen,
+		if (baselen == 0 || !basecmp(item, base_str, match, baselen)) {
+			if (match_entry(item, entry, pathlen,
 					match + baselen, matchlen - baselen,
 					&never_interesting))
 				return entry_interesting;
 
-			if (item->use_wildcard) {
-				if (!fnmatch(match + baselen, entry->path, 0))
+			if (item->nowildcard_len < item->len) {
+				if (!git_fnmatch(item, match + baselen, entry->path,
+						 item->nowildcard_len - baselen))
 					return entry_interesting;
 
 				/*
@@ -642,17 +734,33 @@ enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
 		}
 
 match_wildcards:
-		if (!item->use_wildcard)
+		if (item->nowildcard_len == item->len)
+			continue;
+
+		if (item->nowildcard_len &&
+		    !match_wildcard_base(item, base_str, baselen, &matched))
 			continue;
 
 		/*
 		 * Concatenate base and entry->path into one and do
 		 * fnmatch() on it.
+		 *
+		 * While we could avoid concatenation in certain cases
+		 * [1], which saves a memcpy and potentially a
+		 * realloc, it turns out not worth it. Measurement on
+		 * linux-2.6 does not show any clear improvements,
+		 * partly because of the nowildcard_len optimization
+		 * in git_fnmatch(). Avoid micro-optimizations here.
+		 *
+		 * [1] if match_wildcard_base() says the base
+		 * directory is already matched, we only need to match
+		 * the rest, which is shorter so _in theory_ faster.
 		 */
 
 		strbuf_add(base, entry->path, pathlen);
 
-		if (!fnmatch(match, base->buf + base_offset, 0)) {
+		if (!git_fnmatch(item, match, base->buf + base_offset,
+				 item->nowildcard_len)) {
 			strbuf_setlen(base, base_offset + baselen);
 			return entry_interesting;
 		}
@@ -670,3 +778,72 @@ match_wildcards:
 	}
 	return never_interesting; /* No matches */
 }
+
+/*
+ * Is a tree entry interesting given the pathspec we have?
+ *
+ * Pre-condition: either baselen == base_offset (i.e. empty path)
+ * or base[baselen-1] == '/' (i.e. with trailing slash).
+ */
+enum interesting tree_entry_interesting(const struct name_entry *entry,
+					struct strbuf *base, int base_offset,
+					const struct pathspec *ps)
+{
+	enum interesting positive, negative;
+	positive = do_match(entry, base, base_offset, ps, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * case | entry | positive | negative | result
+	 * -----+-------+----------+----------+-------
+	 *   1  |  file |   -1     |  -1..2   |  -1
+	 *   2  |  file |    0     |  -1..2   |   0
+	 *   3  |  file |    1     |   -1     |   1
+	 *   4  |  file |    1     |    0     |   1
+	 *   5  |  file |    1     |    1     |   0
+	 *   6  |  file |    1     |    2     |   0
+	 *   7  |  file |    2     |   -1     |   2
+	 *   8  |  file |    2     |    0     |   2
+	 *   9  |  file |    2     |    1     |   0
+	 *  10  |  file |    2     |    2     |  -1
+	 * -----+-------+----------+----------+-------
+	 *  11  |  dir  |   -1     |  -1..2   |  -1
+	 *  12  |  dir  |    0     |  -1..2   |   0
+	 *  13  |  dir  |    1     |   -1     |   1
+	 *  14  |  dir  |    1     |    0     |   1
+	 *  15  |  dir  |    1     |    1     |   1 (*)
+	 *  16  |  dir  |    1     |    2     |   0
+	 *  17  |  dir  |    2     |   -1     |   2
+	 *  18  |  dir  |    2     |    0     |   2
+	 *  19  |  dir  |    2     |    1     |   1 (*)
+	 *  20  |  dir  |    2     |    2     |  -1
+	 *
+	 * (*) An exclude pattern interested in a directory does not
+	 * necessarily mean it will exclude all of the directory. In
+	 * wildcard case, it can't decide until looking at individual
+	 * files inside. So don't write such directories off yet.
+	 */
+
+	if (!(ps->magic & PATHSPEC_EXCLUDE) ||
+	    positive <= entry_not_interesting) /* #1, #2, #11, #12 */
+		return positive;
+
+	negative = do_match(entry, base, base_offset, ps, 1);
+
+	/* #3, #4, #7, #8, #13, #14, #17, #18 */
+	if (negative <= entry_not_interesting)
+		return positive;
+
+	/* #15, #19 */
+	if (S_ISDIR(entry->mode) &&
+	    positive >= entry_interesting &&
+	    negative == entry_interesting)
+		return entry_interesting;
+
+	if ((positive == entry_interesting &&
+	     negative >= entry_interesting) || /* #5, #6, #16 */
+	    (positive == all_entries_interesting &&
+	     negative == entry_interesting)) /* #9 */
+		return entry_not_interesting;
+
+	return all_entries_not_interesting; /* #10, #20 */
+}
diff --git a/tree-walk.h b/tree-walk.h
index 2bf0db9814..ae7fb3a824 100644
--- a/tree-walk.h
+++ b/tree-walk.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ struct tree_desc {
 static inline const unsigned char *tree_entry_extract(struct tree_desc *desc, const char **pathp, unsigned int *modep)
 {
 	*pathp = desc->entry.path;
-	*modep = canon_mode(desc->entry.mode);
+	*modep = desc->entry.mode;
 	return desc->entry.sha1;
 }
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct traverse_info {
 	int pathlen;
 	struct pathspec *pathspec;
 
-	unsigned long conflicts;
+	unsigned long df_conflicts;
 	traverse_callback_t fn;
 	void *data;
 	int show_all_errors;
diff --git a/tree.c b/tree.c
index 676e9f710c..58ebfce1bc 100644
--- a/tree.c
+++ b/tree.c
@@ -22,16 +22,20 @@ static int read_one_entry_opt(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int b
 	ce = xcalloc(1, size);
 
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(baselen + len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = baselen + len;
 	memcpy(ce->name, base, baselen);
 	memcpy(ce->name + baselen, pathname, len+1);
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, sha1);
 	return add_cache_entry(ce, opt);
 }
 
-static int read_one_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+static int read_one_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
+			  const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage,
+			  void *context)
 {
-	return read_one_entry_opt(sha1, base, baselen, pathname, mode, stage,
+	return read_one_entry_opt(sha1, base->buf, base->len, pathname,
+				  mode, stage,
 				  ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_SKIP_DFCHECK);
 }
 
@@ -39,14 +43,17 @@ static int read_one_entry(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int basel
  * This is used when the caller knows there is no existing entries at
  * the stage that will conflict with the entry being added.
  */
-static int read_one_entry_quick(const unsigned char *sha1, const char *base, int baselen, const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage, void *context)
+static int read_one_entry_quick(const unsigned char *sha1, struct strbuf *base,
+				const char *pathname, unsigned mode, int stage,
+				void *context)
 {
-	return read_one_entry_opt(sha1, base, baselen, pathname, mode, stage,
+	return read_one_entry_opt(sha1, base->buf, base->len, pathname,
+				  mode, stage,
 				  ADD_CACHE_JUST_APPEND);
 }
 
 static int read_tree_1(struct tree *tree, struct strbuf *base,
-		       int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+		       int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 		       read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context)
 {
 	struct tree_desc desc;
@@ -69,7 +76,7 @@ static int read_tree_1(struct tree *tree, struct strbuf *base,
 				continue;
 		}
 
-		switch (fn(entry.sha1, base->buf, base->len,
+		switch (fn(entry.sha1, base,
 			   entry.path, entry.mode, stage, context)) {
 		case 0:
 			continue;
@@ -115,7 +122,7 @@ static int read_tree_1(struct tree *tree, struct strbuf *base,
 
 int read_tree_recursive(struct tree *tree,
 			const char *base, int baselen,
-			int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context)
 {
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
@@ -133,8 +140,8 @@ static int cmp_cache_name_compare(const void *a_, const void *b_)
 
 	ce1 = *((const struct cache_entry **)a_);
 	ce2 = *((const struct cache_entry **)b_);
-	return cache_name_compare(ce1->name, ce1->ce_flags,
-				  ce2->name, ce2->ce_flags);
+	return cache_name_stage_compare(ce1->name, ce1->ce_namelen, ce_stage(ce1),
+				  ce2->name, ce2->ce_namelen, ce_stage(ce2));
 }
 
 int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, struct pathspec *match)
@@ -158,7 +165,7 @@ int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, struct pathspec *match)
 	 * sort at the end.
 	 */
 	for (i = 0; !fn && i < active_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 		if (ce_stage(ce) == stage)
 			fn = read_one_entry;
 	}
@@ -182,15 +189,8 @@ struct tree *lookup_tree(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = lookup_object(sha1);
 	if (!obj)
-		return create_object(sha1, OBJ_TREE, alloc_tree_node());
-	if (!obj->type)
-		obj->type = OBJ_TREE;
-	if (obj->type != OBJ_TREE) {
-		error("Object %s is a %s, not a tree",
-		      sha1_to_hex(sha1), typename(obj->type));
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return (struct tree *) obj;
+		return create_object(sha1, alloc_tree_node());
+	return object_as_type(obj, OBJ_TREE, 0);
 }
 
 int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size)
@@ -224,6 +224,14 @@ int parse_tree(struct tree *item)
 	return parse_tree_buffer(item, buffer, size);
 }
 
+void free_tree_buffer(struct tree *tree)
+{
+	free(tree->buffer);
+	tree->buffer = NULL;
+	tree->size = 0;
+	tree->object.parsed = 0;
+}
+
 struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1)
 {
 	struct object *obj = parse_object(sha1);
diff --git a/tree.h b/tree.h
index 69bcb5e0ec..d24125f84f 100644
--- a/tree.h
+++ b/tree.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "object.h"
 
 extern const char *tree_type;
+struct strbuf;
 
 struct tree {
 	struct object object;
@@ -16,16 +17,17 @@ struct tree *lookup_tree(const unsigned char *sha1);
 int parse_tree_buffer(struct tree *item, void *buffer, unsigned long size);
 
 int parse_tree(struct tree *tree);
+void free_tree_buffer(struct tree *tree);
 
 /* Parses and returns the tree in the given ent, chasing tags and commits. */
 struct tree *parse_tree_indirect(const unsigned char *sha1);
 
 #define READ_TREE_RECURSIVE 1
-typedef int (*read_tree_fn_t)(const unsigned char *, const char *, int, const char *, unsigned int, int, void *);
+typedef int (*read_tree_fn_t)(const unsigned char *, struct strbuf *, const char *, unsigned int, int, void *);
 
 extern int read_tree_recursive(struct tree *tree,
 			       const char *base, int baselen,
-			       int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec,
+			       int stage, const struct pathspec *pathspec,
 			       read_tree_fn_t fn, void *context);
 
 extern int read_tree(struct tree *tree, int stage, struct pathspec *pathspec);
diff --git a/unicode_width.h b/unicode_width.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47cdd2369d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/unicode_width.h
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+static const struct interval zero_width[] = {
+{ 0x0300, 0x036F },
+{ 0x0483, 0x0489 },
+{ 0x0591, 0x05BD },
+{ 0x05BF, 0x05BF },
+{ 0x05C1, 0x05C2 },
+{ 0x05C4, 0x05C5 },
+{ 0x05C7, 0x05C7 },
+{ 0x0600, 0x0605 },
+{ 0x0610, 0x061A },
+{ 0x061C, 0x061C },
+{ 0x064B, 0x065F },
+{ 0x0670, 0x0670 },
+{ 0x06D6, 0x06DD },
+{ 0x06DF, 0x06E4 },
+{ 0x06E7, 0x06E8 },
+{ 0x06EA, 0x06ED },
+{ 0x070F, 0x070F },
+{ 0x0711, 0x0711 },
+{ 0x0730, 0x074A },
+{ 0x07A6, 0x07B0 },
+{ 0x07EB, 0x07F3 },
+{ 0x0816, 0x0819 },
+{ 0x081B, 0x0823 },
+{ 0x0825, 0x0827 },
+{ 0x0829, 0x082D },
+{ 0x0859, 0x085B },
+{ 0x08E4, 0x0902 },
+{ 0x093A, 0x093A },
+{ 0x093C, 0x093C },
+{ 0x0941, 0x0948 },
+{ 0x094D, 0x094D },
+{ 0x0951, 0x0957 },
+{ 0x0962, 0x0963 },
+{ 0x0981, 0x0981 },
+{ 0x09BC, 0x09BC },
+{ 0x09C1, 0x09C4 },
+{ 0x09CD, 0x09CD },
+{ 0x09E2, 0x09E3 },
+{ 0x0A01, 0x0A02 },
+{ 0x0A3C, 0x0A3C },
+{ 0x0A41, 0x0A42 },
+{ 0x0A47, 0x0A48 },
+{ 0x0A4B, 0x0A4D },
+{ 0x0A51, 0x0A51 },
+{ 0x0A70, 0x0A71 },
+{ 0x0A75, 0x0A75 },
+{ 0x0A81, 0x0A82 },
+{ 0x0ABC, 0x0ABC },
+{ 0x0AC1, 0x0AC5 },
+{ 0x0AC7, 0x0AC8 },
+{ 0x0ACD, 0x0ACD },
+{ 0x0AE2, 0x0AE3 },
+{ 0x0B01, 0x0B01 },
+{ 0x0B3C, 0x0B3C },
+{ 0x0B3F, 0x0B3F },
+{ 0x0B41, 0x0B44 },
+{ 0x0B4D, 0x0B4D },
+{ 0x0B56, 0x0B56 },
+{ 0x0B62, 0x0B63 },
+{ 0x0B82, 0x0B82 },
+{ 0x0BC0, 0x0BC0 },
+{ 0x0BCD, 0x0BCD },
+{ 0x0C00, 0x0C00 },
+{ 0x0C3E, 0x0C40 },
+{ 0x0C46, 0x0C48 },
+{ 0x0C4A, 0x0C4D },
+{ 0x0C55, 0x0C56 },
+{ 0x0C62, 0x0C63 },
+{ 0x0C81, 0x0C81 },
+{ 0x0CBC, 0x0CBC },
+{ 0x0CBF, 0x0CBF },
+{ 0x0CC6, 0x0CC6 },
+{ 0x0CCC, 0x0CCD },
+{ 0x0CE2, 0x0CE3 },
+{ 0x0D01, 0x0D01 },
+{ 0x0D41, 0x0D44 },
+{ 0x0D4D, 0x0D4D },
+{ 0x0D62, 0x0D63 },
+{ 0x0DCA, 0x0DCA },
+{ 0x0DD2, 0x0DD4 },
+{ 0x0DD6, 0x0DD6 },
+{ 0x0E31, 0x0E31 },
+{ 0x0E34, 0x0E3A },
+{ 0x0E47, 0x0E4E },
+{ 0x0EB1, 0x0EB1 },
+{ 0x0EB4, 0x0EB9 },
+{ 0x0EBB, 0x0EBC },
+{ 0x0EC8, 0x0ECD },
+{ 0x0F18, 0x0F19 },
+{ 0x0F35, 0x0F35 },
+{ 0x0F37, 0x0F37 },
+{ 0x0F39, 0x0F39 },
+{ 0x0F71, 0x0F7E },
+{ 0x0F80, 0x0F84 },
+{ 0x0F86, 0x0F87 },
+{ 0x0F8D, 0x0F97 },
+{ 0x0F99, 0x0FBC },
+{ 0x0FC6, 0x0FC6 },
+{ 0x102D, 0x1030 },
+{ 0x1032, 0x1037 },
+{ 0x1039, 0x103A },
+{ 0x103D, 0x103E },
+{ 0x1058, 0x1059 },
+{ 0x105E, 0x1060 },
+{ 0x1071, 0x1074 },
+{ 0x1082, 0x1082 },
+{ 0x1085, 0x1086 },
+{ 0x108D, 0x108D },
+{ 0x109D, 0x109D },
+{ 0x1160, 0x11FF },
+{ 0x135D, 0x135F },
+{ 0x1712, 0x1714 },
+{ 0x1732, 0x1734 },
+{ 0x1752, 0x1753 },
+{ 0x1772, 0x1773 },
+{ 0x17B4, 0x17B5 },
+{ 0x17B7, 0x17BD },
+{ 0x17C6, 0x17C6 },
+{ 0x17C9, 0x17D3 },
+{ 0x17DD, 0x17DD },
+{ 0x180B, 0x180E },
+{ 0x18A9, 0x18A9 },
+{ 0x1920, 0x1922 },
+{ 0x1927, 0x1928 },
+{ 0x1932, 0x1932 },
+{ 0x1939, 0x193B },
+{ 0x1A17, 0x1A18 },
+{ 0x1A1B, 0x1A1B },
+{ 0x1A56, 0x1A56 },
+{ 0x1A58, 0x1A5E },
+{ 0x1A60, 0x1A60 },
+{ 0x1A62, 0x1A62 },
+{ 0x1A65, 0x1A6C },
+{ 0x1A73, 0x1A7C },
+{ 0x1A7F, 0x1A7F },
+{ 0x1AB0, 0x1ABE },
+{ 0x1B00, 0x1B03 },
+{ 0x1B34, 0x1B34 },
+{ 0x1B36, 0x1B3A },
+{ 0x1B3C, 0x1B3C },
+{ 0x1B42, 0x1B42 },
+{ 0x1B6B, 0x1B73 },
+{ 0x1B80, 0x1B81 },
+{ 0x1BA2, 0x1BA5 },
+{ 0x1BA8, 0x1BA9 },
+{ 0x1BAB, 0x1BAD },
+{ 0x1BE6, 0x1BE6 },
+{ 0x1BE8, 0x1BE9 },
+{ 0x1BED, 0x1BED },
+{ 0x1BEF, 0x1BF1 },
+{ 0x1C2C, 0x1C33 },
+{ 0x1C36, 0x1C37 },
+{ 0x1CD0, 0x1CD2 },
+{ 0x1CD4, 0x1CE0 },
+{ 0x1CE2, 0x1CE8 },
+{ 0x1CED, 0x1CED },
+{ 0x1CF4, 0x1CF4 },
+{ 0x1CF8, 0x1CF9 },
+{ 0x1DC0, 0x1DF5 },
+{ 0x1DFC, 0x1DFF },
+{ 0x200B, 0x200F },
+{ 0x202A, 0x202E },
+{ 0x2060, 0x2064 },
+{ 0x2066, 0x206F },
+{ 0x20D0, 0x20F0 },
+{ 0x2CEF, 0x2CF1 },
+{ 0x2D7F, 0x2D7F },
+{ 0x2DE0, 0x2DFF },
+{ 0x302A, 0x302D },
+{ 0x3099, 0x309A },
+{ 0xA66F, 0xA672 },
+{ 0xA674, 0xA67D },
+{ 0xA69F, 0xA69F },
+{ 0xA6F0, 0xA6F1 },
+{ 0xA802, 0xA802 },
+{ 0xA806, 0xA806 },
+{ 0xA80B, 0xA80B },
+{ 0xA825, 0xA826 },
+{ 0xA8C4, 0xA8C4 },
+{ 0xA8E0, 0xA8F1 },
+{ 0xA926, 0xA92D },
+{ 0xA947, 0xA951 },
+{ 0xA980, 0xA982 },
+{ 0xA9B3, 0xA9B3 },
+{ 0xA9B6, 0xA9B9 },
+{ 0xA9BC, 0xA9BC },
+{ 0xA9E5, 0xA9E5 },
+{ 0xAA29, 0xAA2E },
+{ 0xAA31, 0xAA32 },
+{ 0xAA35, 0xAA36 },
+{ 0xAA43, 0xAA43 },
+{ 0xAA4C, 0xAA4C },
+{ 0xAA7C, 0xAA7C },
+{ 0xAAB0, 0xAAB0 },
+{ 0xAAB2, 0xAAB4 },
+{ 0xAAB7, 0xAAB8 },
+{ 0xAABE, 0xAABF },
+{ 0xAAC1, 0xAAC1 },
+{ 0xAAEC, 0xAAED },
+{ 0xAAF6, 0xAAF6 },
+{ 0xABE5, 0xABE5 },
+{ 0xABE8, 0xABE8 },
+{ 0xABED, 0xABED },
+{ 0xFB1E, 0xFB1E },
+{ 0xFE00, 0xFE0F },
+{ 0xFE20, 0xFE2D },
+{ 0xFEFF, 0xFEFF },
+{ 0xFFF9, 0xFFFB },
+{ 0x101FD, 0x101FD },
+{ 0x102E0, 0x102E0 },
+{ 0x10376, 0x1037A },
+{ 0x10A01, 0x10A03 },
+{ 0x10A05, 0x10A06 },
+{ 0x10A0C, 0x10A0F },
+{ 0x10A38, 0x10A3A },
+{ 0x10A3F, 0x10A3F },
+{ 0x10AE5, 0x10AE6 },
+{ 0x11001, 0x11001 },
+{ 0x11038, 0x11046 },
+{ 0x1107F, 0x11081 },
+{ 0x110B3, 0x110B6 },
+{ 0x110B9, 0x110BA },
+{ 0x110BD, 0x110BD },
+{ 0x11100, 0x11102 },
+{ 0x11127, 0x1112B },
+{ 0x1112D, 0x11134 },
+{ 0x11173, 0x11173 },
+{ 0x11180, 0x11181 },
+{ 0x111B6, 0x111BE },
+{ 0x1122F, 0x11231 },
+{ 0x11234, 0x11234 },
+{ 0x11236, 0x11237 },
+{ 0x112DF, 0x112DF },
+{ 0x112E3, 0x112EA },
+{ 0x11301, 0x11301 },
+{ 0x1133C, 0x1133C },
+{ 0x11340, 0x11340 },
+{ 0x11366, 0x1136C },
+{ 0x11370, 0x11374 },
+{ 0x114B3, 0x114B8 },
+{ 0x114BA, 0x114BA },
+{ 0x114BF, 0x114C0 },
+{ 0x114C2, 0x114C3 },
+{ 0x115B2, 0x115B5 },
+{ 0x115BC, 0x115BD },
+{ 0x115BF, 0x115C0 },
+{ 0x11633, 0x1163A },
+{ 0x1163D, 0x1163D },
+{ 0x1163F, 0x11640 },
+{ 0x116AB, 0x116AB },
+{ 0x116AD, 0x116AD },
+{ 0x116B0, 0x116B5 },
+{ 0x116B7, 0x116B7 },
+{ 0x16AF0, 0x16AF4 },
+{ 0x16B30, 0x16B36 },
+{ 0x16F8F, 0x16F92 },
+{ 0x1BC9D, 0x1BC9E },
+{ 0x1BCA0, 0x1BCA3 },
+{ 0x1D167, 0x1D169 },
+{ 0x1D173, 0x1D182 },
+{ 0x1D185, 0x1D18B },
+{ 0x1D1AA, 0x1D1AD },
+{ 0x1D242, 0x1D244 },
+{ 0x1E8D0, 0x1E8D6 },
+{ 0xE0001, 0xE0001 },
+{ 0xE0020, 0xE007F },
+{ 0xE0100, 0xE01EF }
+};
+static const struct interval double_width[] = {
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x1C },
+{ /* plane */ 0x1C, 0x21 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x21, 0x22 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x22, 0x23 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ /* plane */ 0x0, 0x0 },
+{ 0x1100, 0x115F },
+{ 0x2329, 0x232A },
+{ 0x2E80, 0x2E99 },
+{ 0x2E9B, 0x2EF3 },
+{ 0x2F00, 0x2FD5 },
+{ 0x2FF0, 0x2FFB },
+{ 0x3000, 0x303E },
+{ 0x3041, 0x3096 },
+{ 0x3099, 0x30FF },
+{ 0x3105, 0x312D },
+{ 0x3131, 0x318E },
+{ 0x3190, 0x31BA },
+{ 0x31C0, 0x31E3 },
+{ 0x31F0, 0x321E },
+{ 0x3220, 0x3247 },
+{ 0x3250, 0x32FE },
+{ 0x3300, 0x4DBF },
+{ 0x4E00, 0xA48C },
+{ 0xA490, 0xA4C6 },
+{ 0xA960, 0xA97C },
+{ 0xAC00, 0xD7A3 },
+{ 0xF900, 0xFAFF },
+{ 0xFE10, 0xFE19 },
+{ 0xFE30, 0xFE52 },
+{ 0xFE54, 0xFE66 },
+{ 0xFE68, 0xFE6B },
+{ 0xFF01, 0xFF60 },
+{ 0xFFE0, 0xFFE6 },
+{ 0x1B000, 0x1B001 },
+{ 0x1F200, 0x1F202 },
+{ 0x1F210, 0x1F23A },
+{ 0x1F240, 0x1F248 },
+{ 0x1F250, 0x1F251 },
+{ 0x20000, 0x2FFFD },
+{ 0x30000, 0x3FFFD }
+};
diff --git a/unix-socket.c b/unix-socket.c
index 01f119f970..19ed48be99 100644
--- a/unix-socket.c
+++ b/unix-socket.c
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ static int chdir_len(const char *orig, int len)
 }
 
 struct unix_sockaddr_context {
-	char orig_dir[PATH_MAX];
+	char *orig_dir;
 };
 
 static void unix_sockaddr_cleanup(struct unix_sockaddr_context *ctx)
 {
-	if (!ctx->orig_dir[0])
+	if (!ctx->orig_dir)
 		return;
 	/*
 	 * If we fail, we can't just return an error, since we have
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ static void unix_sockaddr_cleanup(struct unix_sockaddr_context *ctx)
 	 */
 	if (chdir(ctx->orig_dir) < 0)
 		die("unable to restore original working directory");
+	free(ctx->orig_dir);
 }
 
 static int unix_sockaddr_init(struct sockaddr_un *sa, const char *path,
@@ -39,10 +40,11 @@ static int unix_sockaddr_init(struct sockaddr_un *sa, const char *path,
 {
 	int size = strlen(path) + 1;
 
-	ctx->orig_dir[0] = '\0';
+	ctx->orig_dir = NULL;
 	if (size > sizeof(sa->sun_path)) {
 		const char *slash = find_last_dir_sep(path);
 		const char *dir;
+		struct strbuf cwd = STRBUF_INIT;
 
 		if (!slash) {
 			errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
@@ -56,11 +58,9 @@ static int unix_sockaddr_init(struct sockaddr_un *sa, const char *path,
 			errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
 			return -1;
 		}
-
-		if (!getcwd(ctx->orig_dir, sizeof(ctx->orig_dir))) {
-			errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+		if (strbuf_getcwd(&cwd))
 			return -1;
-		}
+		ctx->orig_dir = strbuf_detach(&cwd, NULL);
 		if (chdir_len(dir, slash - dir) < 0)
 			return -1;
 	}
@@ -99,11 +99,12 @@ int unix_stream_listen(const char *path)
 	struct sockaddr_un sa;
 	struct unix_sockaddr_context ctx;
 
+	unlink(path);
+
 	if (unix_sockaddr_init(&sa, path, &ctx) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	fd = unix_stream_socket();
 
-	unlink(path);
 	if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0)
 		goto fail;
 
diff --git a/unpack-trees.c b/unpack-trees.c
index 7c9ecf665d..be84ba2607 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.c
+++ b/unpack-trees.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "progress.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "attr.h"
+#include "split-index.h"
 
 /*
  * Error messages expected by scripts out of plumbing commands such as
@@ -56,17 +57,15 @@ void setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(struct unpack_trees_options *opts,
 	int i;
 	const char **msgs = opts->msgs;
 	const char *msg;
-	char *tmp;
 	const char *cmd2 = strcmp(cmd, "checkout") ? cmd : "switch branches";
+
 	if (advice_commit_before_merge)
 		msg = "Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s"
 			"Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can %s.";
 	else
 		msg = "Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by %s:\n%%s";
-	tmp = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + strlen(cmd) + strlen(cmd2) - 2);
-	sprintf(tmp, msg, cmd, cmd2);
-	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE] = tmp;
-	msgs[ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE] = tmp;
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE] = msgs[ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE] =
+		xstrfmt(msg, cmd, cmd2);
 
 	msgs[ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_DIR] =
 		"Updating the following directories would lose untracked files in it:\n%s";
@@ -76,12 +75,9 @@ void setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(struct unpack_trees_options *opts,
 			"Please move or remove them before you can %s.";
 	else
 		msg = "The following untracked working tree files would be %s by %s:\n%%s";
-	tmp = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + strlen(cmd) + strlen("removed") + strlen(cmd2) - 4);
-	sprintf(tmp, msg, "removed", cmd, cmd2);
-	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_REMOVED] = tmp;
-	tmp = xmalloc(strlen(msg) + strlen(cmd) + strlen("overwritten") + strlen(cmd2) - 4);
-	sprintf(tmp, msg, "overwritten", cmd, cmd2);
-	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN] = tmp;
+
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_REMOVED] = xstrfmt(msg, "removed", cmd, cmd2);
+	msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN] = xstrfmt(msg, "overwritten", cmd, cmd2);
 
 	/*
 	 * Special case: ERROR_BIND_OVERLAP refers to a pair of paths, we
@@ -102,21 +98,33 @@ void setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(struct unpack_trees_options *opts,
 		opts->unpack_rejects[i].strdup_strings = 1;
 }
 
-static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *ce,
-	unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
+static int do_add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o, struct cache_entry *ce,
+			 unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
 {
-	unsigned int size = ce_size(ce);
-	struct cache_entry *new = xmalloc(size);
-
-	clear |= CE_HASHED | CE_UNHASHED;
+	clear |= CE_HASHED;
 
 	if (set & CE_REMOVE)
 		set |= CE_WT_REMOVE;
 
+	ce->ce_flags = (ce->ce_flags & ~clear) | set;
+	return add_index_entry(&o->result, ce,
+			       ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+}
+
+static struct cache_entry *dup_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce)
+{
+	unsigned int size = ce_size(ce);
+	struct cache_entry *new = xmalloc(size);
+
 	memcpy(new, ce, size);
-	new->next = NULL;
-	new->ce_flags = (new->ce_flags & ~clear) | set;
-	add_index_entry(&o->result, new, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD|ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);
+	return new;
+}
+
+static void add_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+		      const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		      unsigned int set, unsigned int clear)
+{
+	do_add_entry(o, dup_entry(ce), set, clear);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -166,7 +174,7 @@ static void display_error_msgs(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
  * Unlink the last component and schedule the leading directories for
  * removal, such that empty directories get removed.
  */
-static void unlink_entry(struct cache_entry *ce)
+static void unlink_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce)
 {
 	if (!check_leading_path(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce)))
 		return;
@@ -186,12 +194,12 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 
 	if (o->update && o->verbose_update) {
 		for (total = cnt = 0; cnt < index->cache_nr; cnt++) {
-			struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[cnt];
+			const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[cnt];
 			if (ce->ce_flags & (CE_UPDATE | CE_WT_REMOVE))
 				total++;
 		}
 
-		progress = start_progress_delay("Checking out files",
+		progress = start_progress_delay(_("Checking out files"),
 						total, 50, 1);
 		cnt = 0;
 	}
@@ -199,7 +207,7 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	if (o->update)
 		git_attr_set_direction(GIT_ATTR_CHECKOUT, &o->result);
 	for (i = 0; i < index->cache_nr; i++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[i];
 
 		if (ce->ce_flags & CE_WT_REMOVE) {
 			display_progress(progress, ++cnt);
@@ -228,10 +236,15 @@ static int check_updates(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	return errs != 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+static int verify_uptodate_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				  struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+static int verify_absent_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				enum unpack_trees_error_types,
+				struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 
-static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct index_state *istate,
+				 struct cache_entry *ce,
+				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int was_skip_worktree = ce_skip_worktree(ce);
 
@@ -239,6 +252,10 @@ static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_opt
 		ce->ce_flags |= CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 	else
 		ce->ce_flags &= ~CE_SKIP_WORKTREE;
+	if (was_skip_worktree != ce_skip_worktree(ce)) {
+		ce->ce_flags |= CE_UPDATE_IN_BASE;
+		istate->cache_changed |= CE_ENTRY_CHANGED;
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * if (!was_skip_worktree && !ce_skip_worktree()) {
@@ -284,7 +301,8 @@ static int apply_sparse_checkout(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_opt
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int call_unpack_fn(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static inline int call_unpack_fn(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int ret = o->fn(src, o);
 	if (ret > 0)
@@ -313,7 +331,7 @@ static void mark_all_ce_unused(struct index_state *index)
 		index->cache[i]->ce_flags &= ~(CE_UNPACKED | CE_ADDED | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 }
 
-static int locate_in_src_index(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int locate_in_src_index(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
@@ -359,7 +377,7 @@ static struct cache_entry *next_cache_entry(struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static void add_same_unmerged(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static void add_same_unmerged(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	struct index_state *index = o->src_index;
@@ -381,7 +399,7 @@ static void add_same_unmerged(struct cache_entry *ce,
 static int unpack_index_entry(struct cache_entry *ce,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *src[MAX_UNPACK_TREES + 1] = { NULL, };
+	const struct cache_entry *src[MAX_UNPACK_TREES + 1] = { NULL, };
 	int ret;
 
 	src[0] = ce;
@@ -447,7 +465,7 @@ static int traverse_trees_recursive(int n, unsigned long dirmask,
 	newinfo.pathspec = info->pathspec;
 	newinfo.name = *p;
 	newinfo.pathlen += tree_entry_len(p) + 1;
-	newinfo.conflicts |= df_conflicts;
+	newinfo.df_conflicts |= df_conflicts;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++, dirmask >>= 1) {
 		const unsigned char *sha1 = NULL;
@@ -532,7 +550,8 @@ static struct cache_entry *create_ce_entry(const struct traverse_info *info, con
 	struct cache_entry *ce = xcalloc(1, cache_entry_size(len));
 
 	ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(n->mode);
-	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(len, stage);
+	ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
+	ce->ce_namelen = len;
 	hashcpy(ce->sha1, n->sha1);
 	make_traverse_path(ce->name, info, n);
 
@@ -547,17 +566,12 @@ static int unpack_nondirectories(int n, unsigned long mask,
 {
 	int i;
 	struct unpack_trees_options *o = info->data;
-	unsigned long conflicts;
+	unsigned long conflicts = info->df_conflicts | dirmask;
 
 	/* Do we have *only* directories? Nothing to do */
 	if (mask == dirmask && !src[0])
 		return 0;
 
-	conflicts = info->conflicts;
-	if (o->merge)
-		conflicts >>= 1;
-	conflicts |= dirmask;
-
 	/*
 	 * Ok, we've filled in up to any potential index entry in src[0],
 	 * now do the rest.
@@ -582,12 +596,22 @@ static int unpack_nondirectories(int n, unsigned long mask,
 		src[i + o->merge] = create_ce_entry(info, names + i, stage);
 	}
 
-	if (o->merge)
-		return call_unpack_fn(src, o);
+	if (o->merge) {
+		int rc = call_unpack_fn((const struct cache_entry * const *)src,
+					o);
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			struct cache_entry *ce = src[i + o->merge];
+			if (ce != o->df_conflict_entry)
+				free(ce);
+		}
+		return rc;
+	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
 		if (src[i] && src[i] != o->df_conflict_entry)
-			add_entry(o, src[i], 0, 0);
+			if (do_add_entry(o, src[i], 0, 0))
+				return -1;
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -602,17 +626,6 @@ static int unpack_failed(struct unpack_trees_options *o, const char *message)
 	return -1;
 }
 
-/* NEEDSWORK: give this a better name and share with tree-walk.c */
-static int name_compare(const char *a, int a_len,
-			const char *b, int b_len)
-{
-	int len = (a_len < b_len) ? a_len : b_len;
-	int cmp = memcmp(a, b, len);
-	if (cmp)
-		return cmp;
-	return (a_len - b_len);
-}
-
 /*
  * The tree traversal is looking at name p.  If we have a matching entry,
  * return it.  If name p is a directory in the index, do not return
@@ -629,7 +642,7 @@ static int find_cache_pos(struct traverse_info *info,
 	int p_len = tree_entry_len(p);
 
 	for (pos = o->cache_bottom; pos < index->cache_nr; pos++) {
-		struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = index->cache[pos];
 		const char *ce_name, *ce_slash;
 		int cmp, ce_len;
 
@@ -772,7 +785,7 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 	if (unpack_nondirectories(n, mask, dirmask, src, names, info) < 0)
 		return -1;
 
-	if (src[0]) {
+	if (o->merge && src[0]) {
 		if (ce_stage(src[0]))
 			mark_ce_used_same_name(src[0], o);
 		else
@@ -781,13 +794,6 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 
 	/* Now handle any directories.. */
 	if (dirmask) {
-		unsigned long conflicts = mask & ~dirmask;
-		if (o->merge) {
-			conflicts <<= 1;
-			if (src[0])
-				conflicts |= 1;
-		}
-
 		/* special case: "diff-index --cached" looking at a tree */
 		if (o->diff_index_cached &&
 		    n == 1 && dirmask == 1 && S_ISDIR(names->mode)) {
@@ -806,7 +812,7 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (traverse_trees_recursive(n, dirmask, conflicts,
+		if (traverse_trees_recursive(n, dirmask, mask & ~dirmask,
 					     names, info) < 0)
 			return -1;
 		return mask;
@@ -816,22 +822,24 @@ static int unpack_callback(int n, unsigned long mask, unsigned long dirmask, str
 }
 
 static int clear_ce_flags_1(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
-			    char *prefix, int prefix_len,
+			    struct strbuf *prefix,
 			    int select_mask, int clear_mask,
 			    struct exclude_list *el, int defval);
 
 /* Whole directory matching */
 static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
-			      char *prefix, int prefix_len,
+			      struct strbuf *prefix,
 			      char *basename,
 			      int select_mask, int clear_mask,
 			      struct exclude_list *el, int defval)
 {
 	struct cache_entry **cache_end;
 	int dtype = DT_DIR;
-	int ret = excluded_from_list(prefix, prefix_len, basename, &dtype, el);
+	int ret = is_excluded_from_list(prefix->buf, prefix->len,
+					basename, &dtype, el);
+	int rc;
 
-	prefix[prefix_len++] = '/';
+	strbuf_addch(prefix, '/');
 
 	/* If undecided, use matching result of parent dir in defval */
 	if (ret < 0)
@@ -839,7 +847,7 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 
 	for (cache_end = cache; cache_end != cache + nr; cache_end++) {
 		struct cache_entry *ce = *cache_end;
-		if (strncmp(ce->name, prefix, prefix_len))
+		if (strncmp(ce->name, prefix->buf, prefix->len))
 			break;
 	}
 
@@ -848,12 +856,14 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 	 * with ret (iow, we know in advance the incl/excl
 	 * decision for the entire directory), clear flag here without
 	 * calling clear_ce_flags_1(). That function will call
-	 * the expensive excluded_from_list() on every entry.
+	 * the expensive is_excluded_from_list() on every entry.
 	 */
-	return clear_ce_flags_1(cache, cache_end - cache,
-				prefix, prefix_len,
-				select_mask, clear_mask,
-				el, ret);
+	rc = clear_ce_flags_1(cache, cache_end - cache,
+			      prefix,
+			      select_mask, clear_mask,
+			      el, ret);
+	strbuf_setlen(prefix, prefix->len - 1);
+	return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -872,7 +882,7 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_dir(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
  * Top level path has prefix_len zero.
  */
 static int clear_ce_flags_1(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
-			    char *prefix, int prefix_len,
+			    struct strbuf *prefix,
 			    int select_mask, int clear_mask,
 			    struct exclude_list *el, int defval)
 {
@@ -892,10 +902,10 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_1(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		if (prefix_len && strncmp(ce->name, prefix, prefix_len))
+		if (prefix->len && strncmp(ce->name, prefix->buf, prefix->len))
 			break;
 
-		name = ce->name + prefix_len;
+		name = ce->name + prefix->len;
 		slash = strchr(name, '/');
 
 		/* If it's a directory, try whole directory match first */
@@ -903,35 +913,33 @@ static int clear_ce_flags_1(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 			int processed;
 
 			len = slash - name;
-			memcpy(prefix + prefix_len, name, len);
+			strbuf_add(prefix, name, len);
 
-			/*
-			 * terminate the string (no trailing slash),
-			 * clear_c_f_dir needs it
-			 */
-			prefix[prefix_len + len] = '\0';
 			processed = clear_ce_flags_dir(cache, cache_end - cache,
-						       prefix, prefix_len + len,
-						       prefix + prefix_len,
+						       prefix,
+						       prefix->buf + prefix->len - len,
 						       select_mask, clear_mask,
 						       el, defval);
 
 			/* clear_c_f_dir eats a whole dir already? */
 			if (processed) {
 				cache += processed;
+				strbuf_setlen(prefix, prefix->len - len);
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			prefix[prefix_len + len++] = '/';
+			strbuf_addch(prefix, '/');
 			cache += clear_ce_flags_1(cache, cache_end - cache,
-						  prefix, prefix_len + len,
+						  prefix,
 						  select_mask, clear_mask, el, defval);
+			strbuf_setlen(prefix, prefix->len - len - 1);
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		/* Non-directory */
 		dtype = ce_to_dtype(ce);
-		ret = excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce), name, &dtype, el);
+		ret = is_excluded_from_list(ce->name, ce_namelen(ce),
+					    name, &dtype, el);
 		if (ret < 0)
 			ret = defval;
 		if (ret > 0)
@@ -945,9 +953,12 @@ static int clear_ce_flags(struct cache_entry **cache, int nr,
 			    int select_mask, int clear_mask,
 			    struct exclude_list *el)
 {
-	char prefix[PATH_MAX];
+	static struct strbuf prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_reset(&prefix);
+
 	return clear_ce_flags_1(cache, nr,
-				prefix, 0,
+				&prefix,
 				select_mask, clear_mask,
 				el, 0);
 }
@@ -985,7 +996,9 @@ static void mark_new_skip_worktree(struct exclude_list *el,
 		       select_flag, skip_wt_flag, el);
 }
 
-static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *, enum unpack_trees_error_types, struct unpack_trees_options *);
+static int verify_absent(const struct cache_entry *,
+			 enum unpack_trees_error_types,
+			 struct unpack_trees_options *);
 /*
  * N-way merge "len" trees.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure to manipulate the
  * resulting index, -2 on failure to reflect the changes to the work tree.
@@ -1005,12 +1018,13 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 	state.force = 1;
 	state.quiet = 1;
 	state.refresh_cache = 1;
+	state.istate = &o->result;
 
 	memset(&el, 0, sizeof(el));
 	if (!core_apply_sparse_checkout || !o->update)
 		o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout) {
-		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(git_path("info/sparse-checkout"), "", 0, NULL, &el, 0) < 0)
+		if (add_excludes_from_file_to_list(git_path("info/sparse-checkout"), "", 0, &el, 0) < 0)
 			o->skip_sparse_checkout = 1;
 		else
 			o->el = &el;
@@ -1020,6 +1034,11 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 	o->result.initialized = 1;
 	o->result.timestamp.sec = o->src_index->timestamp.sec;
 	o->result.timestamp.nsec = o->src_index->timestamp.nsec;
+	o->result.version = o->src_index->version;
+	o->result.split_index = o->src_index->split_index;
+	if (o->result.split_index)
+		o->result.split_index->refcount++;
+	hashcpy(o->result.sha1, o->src_index->sha1);
 	o->merge_size = len;
 	mark_all_ce_unused(o->src_index);
 
@@ -1110,7 +1129,7 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 				ret = -1;
 			}
 
-			if (apply_sparse_checkout(ce, o)) {
+			if (apply_sparse_checkout(&o->result, ce, o)) {
 				if (!o->show_all_errors)
 					goto return_failed;
 				ret = -1;
@@ -1135,11 +1154,15 @@ int unpack_trees(unsigned len, struct tree_desc *t, struct unpack_trees_options
 
 	o->src_index = NULL;
 	ret = check_updates(o) ? (-2) : 0;
-	if (o->dst_index)
+	if (o->dst_index) {
+		discard_index(o->dst_index);
 		*o->dst_index = o->result;
+	} else {
+		discard_index(&o->result);
+	}
 
 done:
-	free_excludes(&el);
+	clear_exclude_list(&el);
 	return ret;
 
 return_failed:
@@ -1154,12 +1177,14 @@ return_failed:
 
 /* Here come the merge functions */
 
-static int reject_merge(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int reject_merge(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	return add_rejected_path(o, ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE, ce->name);
+	return o->gently ? -1 :
+		add_rejected_path(o, ERROR_WOULD_OVERWRITE, ce->name);
 }
 
-static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
+static int same(const struct cache_entry *a, const struct cache_entry *b)
 {
 	if (!!a != !!b)
 		return 0;
@@ -1176,9 +1201,9 @@ static int same(struct cache_entry *a, struct cache_entry *b)
  * When a CE gets turned into an unmerged entry, we
  * want it to be up-to-date
  */
-static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				   struct unpack_trees_options *o,
-				   enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type)
+static int verify_uptodate_1(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			     struct unpack_trees_options *o,
+			     enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type)
 {
 	struct stat st;
 
@@ -1202,7 +1227,7 @@ static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 			return 0;
 		/*
 		 * NEEDSWORK: the current default policy is to allow
-		 * submodule to be out of sync wrt the supermodule
+		 * submodule to be out of sync wrt the superproject
 		 * index.  This needs to be tightened later for
 		 * submodules that are marked to be automatically
 		 * checked out.
@@ -1217,7 +1242,7 @@ static int verify_uptodate_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 		add_rejected_path(o, error_type, ce->name);
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_uptodate(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	if (!o->skip_sparse_checkout && (ce->ce_flags & CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE))
@@ -1225,16 +1250,17 @@ static int verify_uptodate(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
 
-static int verify_uptodate_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_uptodate_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 				  struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return verify_uptodate_1(ce, o, ERROR_SPARSE_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE);
 }
 
-static void invalidate_ce_path(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static void invalidate_ce_path(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	if (ce)
-		cache_tree_invalidate_path(o->src_index->cache_tree, ce->name);
+		cache_tree_invalidate_path(o->src_index, ce->name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1244,16 +1270,16 @@ static void invalidate_ce_path(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_optio
  * Currently, git does not checkout subprojects during a superproject
  * checkout, so it is not going to overwrite anything.
  */
-static int verify_clean_submodule(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_clean_submodule(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				  enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				  struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_clean_subdirectory(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				     enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				     struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	/*
 	 * we are about to extract "ce->name"; we would not want to lose
@@ -1280,7 +1306,7 @@ static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	 * First let's make sure we do not have a local modification
 	 * in that directory.
 	 */
-	namelen = strlen(ce->name);
+	namelen = ce_namelen(ce);
 	for (i = locate_in_src_index(ce, o);
 	     i < o->src_index->cache_nr;
 	     i++) {
@@ -1332,18 +1358,18 @@ static int verify_clean_subdirectory(struct cache_entry *ce,
  */
 static int icase_exists(struct unpack_trees_options *o, const char *name, int len, struct stat *st)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *src;
+	const struct cache_entry *src;
 
-	src = index_name_exists(o->src_index, name, len, 1);
+	src = index_file_exists(o->src_index, name, len, 1);
 	return src && !ie_match_stat(o->src_index, src, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 }
 
 static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
-			      struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
+			      const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st,
 			      enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *result;
+	const struct cache_entry *result;
 
 	/*
 	 * It may be that the 'lstat()' succeeded even though
@@ -1355,7 +1381,8 @@ static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
 	if (ignore_case && icase_exists(o, name, len, st))
 		return 0;
 
-	if (o->dir && excluded(o->dir, name, &dtype))
+	if (o->dir &&
+	    is_excluded(o->dir, name, &dtype))
 		/*
 		 * ce->name is explicitly excluded, so it is Ok to
 		 * overwrite it.
@@ -1379,7 +1406,7 @@ static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
 	 * delete this path, which is in a subdirectory that
 	 * is being replaced with a blob.
 	 */
-	result = index_name_exists(&o->result, name, len, 0);
+	result = index_file_exists(&o->result, name, len, 0);
 	if (result) {
 		if (result->ce_flags & CE_REMOVE)
 			return 0;
@@ -1393,9 +1420,9 @@ static int check_ok_to_remove(const char *name, int len, int dtype,
  * We do not want to remove or overwrite a working tree file that
  * is not tracked, unless it is ignored.
  */
-static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
-				 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-				 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_absent_1(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			   enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+			   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int len;
 	struct stat st;
@@ -1428,7 +1455,7 @@ static int verify_absent_1(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	}
 }
 
-static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *ce,
+static int verify_absent(const struct cache_entry *ce,
 			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
 			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
@@ -1437,9 +1464,9 @@ static int verify_absent(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	return verify_absent_1(ce, error_type, o);
 }
 
-static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
-			 enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
-			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int verify_absent_sparse(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+				enum unpack_trees_error_types error_type,
+				struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	enum unpack_trees_error_types orphaned_error = error_type;
 	if (orphaned_error == ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN)
@@ -1448,10 +1475,12 @@ static int verify_absent_sparse(struct cache_entry *ce,
 	return verify_absent_1(ce, orphaned_error, o);
 }
 
-static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int merged_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			const struct cache_entry *old,
+			struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	int update = CE_UPDATE;
+	struct cache_entry *merge = dup_entry(ce);
 
 	if (!old) {
 		/*
@@ -1469,8 +1498,11 @@ static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
 		update |= CE_ADDED;
 		merge->ce_flags |= CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE;
 
-		if (verify_absent(merge, ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o))
+		if (verify_absent(merge,
+				  ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_UNTRACKED_OVERWRITTEN, o)) {
+			free(merge);
 			return -1;
+		}
 		invalidate_ce_path(merge, o);
 	} else if (!(old->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED)) {
 		/*
@@ -1484,8 +1516,10 @@ static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
 			copy_cache_entry(merge, old);
 			update = 0;
 		} else {
-			if (verify_uptodate(old, o))
+			if (verify_uptodate(old, o)) {
+				free(merge);
 				return -1;
+			}
 			/* Migrate old flags over */
 			update |= old->ce_flags & (CE_SKIP_WORKTREE | CE_NEW_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 			invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
@@ -1498,12 +1532,13 @@ static int merged_entry(struct cache_entry *merge, struct cache_entry *old,
 		invalidate_ce_path(old, o);
 	}
 
-	add_entry(o, merge, update, CE_STAGEMASK);
+	do_add_entry(o, merge, update, CE_STAGEMASK);
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int deleted_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *old,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int deleted_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+			 const struct cache_entry *old,
+			 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	/* Did it exist in the index? */
 	if (!old) {
@@ -1518,7 +1553,8 @@ static int deleted_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct cache_entry *old,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int keep_entry(struct cache_entry *ce, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+static int keep_entry(const struct cache_entry *ce,
+		      struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
 	add_entry(o, ce, 0, 0);
 	return 1;
@@ -1540,11 +1576,12 @@ static void show_stage_entry(FILE *o,
 }
 #endif
 
-int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int threeway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		   struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *index;
-	struct cache_entry *head;
-	struct cache_entry *remote = stages[o->head_idx + 1];
+	const struct cache_entry *index;
+	const struct cache_entry *head;
+	const struct cache_entry *remote = stages[o->head_idx + 1];
 	int count;
 	int head_match = 0;
 	int remote_match = 0;
@@ -1599,7 +1636,7 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	/* #14, #14ALT, #2ALT */
 	if (remote && !df_conflict_head && head_match && !remote_match) {
 		if (index && !same(index, remote) && !same(index, head))
-			return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(index, o);
+			return reject_merge(index, o);
 		return merged_entry(remote, index, o);
 	}
 	/*
@@ -1607,7 +1644,7 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	 * make sure that it matches head.
 	 */
 	if (index && !same(index, head))
-		return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(index, o);
+		return reject_merge(index, o);
 
 	if (head) {
 		/* #5ALT, #15 */
@@ -1629,7 +1666,7 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 	if (o->aggressive) {
 		int head_deleted = !head;
 		int remote_deleted = !remote;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
 
 		if (index)
 			ce = index;
@@ -1712,11 +1749,12 @@ int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
  * "carry forward" rule, please see <Documentation/git-read-tree.txt>.
  *
  */
-int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int twoway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *current = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *oldtree = src[1];
-	struct cache_entry *newtree = src[2];
+	const struct cache_entry *current = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *oldtree = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *newtree = src[2];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 2)
 		return error("Cannot do a twoway merge of %d trees",
@@ -1728,35 +1766,32 @@ int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 		newtree = NULL;
 
 	if (current) {
-		if ((!oldtree && !newtree) || /* 4 and 5 */
-		    (!oldtree && newtree &&
-		     same(current, newtree)) || /* 6 and 7 */
-		    (oldtree && newtree &&
-		     same(oldtree, newtree)) || /* 14 and 15 */
-		    (oldtree && newtree &&
-		     !same(oldtree, newtree) && /* 18 and 19 */
-		     same(current, newtree))) {
+		if (current->ce_flags & CE_CONFLICTED) {
+			if (same(oldtree, newtree) || o->reset) {
+				if (!newtree)
+					return deleted_entry(current, current, o);
+				else
+					return merged_entry(newtree, current, o);
+			}
+			return reject_merge(current, o);
+		} else if ((!oldtree && !newtree) || /* 4 and 5 */
+			 (!oldtree && newtree &&
+			  same(current, newtree)) || /* 6 and 7 */
+			 (oldtree && newtree &&
+			  same(oldtree, newtree)) || /* 14 and 15 */
+			 (oldtree && newtree &&
+			  !same(oldtree, newtree) && /* 18 and 19 */
+			  same(current, newtree))) {
 			return keep_entry(current, o);
-		}
-		else if (oldtree && !newtree && same(current, oldtree)) {
+		} else if (oldtree && !newtree && same(current, oldtree)) {
 			/* 10 or 11 */
 			return deleted_entry(oldtree, current, o);
-		}
-		else if (oldtree && newtree &&
+		} else if (oldtree && newtree &&
 			 same(current, oldtree) && !same(current, newtree)) {
 			/* 20 or 21 */
 			return merged_entry(newtree, current, o);
-		}
-		else {
-			/* all other failures */
-			if (oldtree)
-				return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(oldtree, o);
-			if (current)
-				return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(current, o);
-			if (newtree)
-				return o->gently ? -1 : reject_merge(newtree, o);
-			return -1;
-		}
+		} else
+			return reject_merge(current, o);
 	}
 	else if (newtree) {
 		if (oldtree && !o->initial_checkout) {
@@ -1778,14 +1813,14 @@ int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
  * Keep the index entries at stage0, collapse stage1 but make sure
  * stage0 does not have anything there.
  */
-int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src,
-		struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int bind_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+	       struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 1)
-		return error("Cannot do a bind merge of %d trees\n",
+		return error("Cannot do a bind merge of %d trees",
 			     o->merge_size);
 	if (a && old)
 		return o->gently ? -1 :
@@ -1802,10 +1837,11 @@ int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src,
  * The rule is:
  * - take the stat information from stage0, take the data from stage1
  */
-int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
+int oneway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 {
-	struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
-	struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
+	const struct cache_entry *old = src[0];
+	const struct cache_entry *a = src[1];
 
 	if (o->merge_size != 1)
 		return error("Cannot do a oneway merge of %d trees",
@@ -1816,7 +1852,7 @@ int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o)
 
 	if (old && same(old, a)) {
 		int update = 0;
-		if (o->reset && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
+		if (o->reset && o->update && !ce_uptodate(old) && !ce_skip_worktree(old)) {
 			struct stat st;
 			if (lstat(old->name, &st) ||
 			    ie_match_stat(o->src_index, old, &st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE))
diff --git a/unpack-trees.h b/unpack-trees.h
index 5e432f576e..36a73a6d00 100644
--- a/unpack-trees.h
+++ b/unpack-trees.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 struct unpack_trees_options;
 struct exclude_list;
 
-typedef int (*merge_fn_t)(struct cache_entry **src,
+typedef int (*merge_fn_t)(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
 		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
 
 enum unpack_trees_error_types {
@@ -77,9 +77,13 @@ struct unpack_trees_options {
 extern int unpack_trees(unsigned n, struct tree_desc *t,
 		struct unpack_trees_options *options);
 
-int threeway_merge(struct cache_entry **stages, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int twoway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int bind_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
-int oneway_merge(struct cache_entry **src, struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int threeway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *stages,
+		   struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int twoway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int bind_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+	       struct unpack_trees_options *o);
+int oneway_merge(const struct cache_entry * const *src,
+		 struct unpack_trees_options *o);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/update_unicode.sh b/update_unicode.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..27af77c7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/update_unicode.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#See http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/
+#
+#Me Enclosing_Mark  an enclosing combining mark
+#Mn Nonspacing_Mark a nonspacing combining mark (zero advance width)
+#Cf Format          a format control character
+#
+UNICODEWIDTH_H=../unicode_width.h
+if ! test -d unicode; then
+	mkdir unicode
+fi &&
+( cd unicode &&
+	if ! test -f UnicodeData.txt; then
+		wget http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/UnicodeData.txt
+	fi &&
+	if ! test -f EastAsianWidth.txt; then
+		wget http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/EastAsianWidth.txt
+	fi &&
+	if ! test -d uniset; then
+		git clone https://github.com/depp/uniset.git
+	fi &&
+	(
+		cd uniset &&
+		if ! test -x uniset; then
+			autoreconf -i &&
+			./configure --enable-warnings=-Werror CFLAGS='-O0 -ggdb'
+		fi &&
+		make
+	) &&
+	UNICODE_DIR=. && export UNICODE_DIR &&
+	cat >$UNICODEWIDTH_H <<-EOF
+	static const struct interval zero_width[] = {
+		$(uniset/uniset --32 cat:Me,Mn,Cf + U+1160..U+11FF - U+00AD |
+		  grep -v plane)
+	};
+	static const struct interval double_width[] = {
+		$(uniset/uniset --32 eaw:F,W)
+	};
+	EOF
+)
diff --git a/upload-pack.c b/upload-pack.c
index bb08e2eb0d..aa84576500 100644
--- a/upload-pack.c
+++ b/upload-pack.c
@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@
 #include "revision.h"
 #include "list-objects.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "connect.h"
 #include "sigchain.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
 
 static const char upload_pack_usage[] = "git upload-pack [--strict] [--timeout=<n>] <dir>";
 
-/* bits #0..7 in revision.h, #8..10 in commit.c */
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define THEY_HAVE	(1u << 11)
 #define OUR_REF		(1u << 12)
 #define WANTED		(1u << 13)
@@ -24,23 +27,25 @@ static const char upload_pack_usage[] = "git upload-pack [--strict] [--timeout=<
 #define SHALLOW		(1u << 16)
 #define NOT_SHALLOW	(1u << 17)
 #define CLIENT_SHALLOW	(1u << 18)
+#define HIDDEN_REF	(1u << 19)
 
 static unsigned long oldest_have;
 
-static int multi_ack, nr_our_refs;
+static int multi_ack;
 static int no_done;
 static int use_thin_pack, use_ofs_delta, use_include_tag;
 static int no_progress, daemon_mode;
+static int allow_tip_sha1_in_want;
 static int shallow_nr;
 static struct object_array have_obj;
 static struct object_array want_obj;
 static struct object_array extra_edge_obj;
 static unsigned int timeout;
+static int keepalive = 5;
 /* 0 for no sideband,
  * otherwise maximum packet size (up to 65520 bytes).
  */
 static int use_sideband;
-static int debug_fd;
 static int advertise_refs;
 static int stateless_rpc;
 
@@ -49,13 +54,6 @@ static void reset_timeout(void)
 	alarm(timeout);
 }
 
-static int strip(char *line, int len)
-{
-	if (len && line[len-1] == '\n')
-		line[--len] = 0;
-	return len;
-}
-
 static ssize_t send_client_data(int fd, const char *data, ssize_t sz)
 {
 	if (use_sideband)
@@ -68,95 +66,42 @@ static ssize_t send_client_data(int fd, const char *data, ssize_t sz)
 		xwrite(fd, data, sz);
 		return sz;
 	}
-	return safe_write(fd, data, sz);
-}
-
-static FILE *pack_pipe = NULL;
-static void show_commit(struct commit *commit, void *data)
-{
-	if (commit->object.flags & BOUNDARY)
-		fputc('-', pack_pipe);
-	if (fputs(sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1), pack_pipe) < 0)
-		die("broken output pipe");
-	fputc('\n', pack_pipe);
-	fflush(pack_pipe);
-	free(commit->buffer);
-	commit->buffer = NULL;
+	write_or_die(fd, data, sz);
+	return sz;
 }
 
-static void show_object(struct object *obj,
-			const struct name_path *path, const char *component,
-			void *cb_data)
+static int write_one_shallow(const struct commit_graft *graft, void *cb_data)
 {
-	show_object_with_name(pack_pipe, obj, path, component);
-}
-
-static void show_edge(struct commit *commit)
-{
-	fprintf(pack_pipe, "-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit->object.sha1));
-}
-
-static int do_rev_list(int in, int out, void *user_data)
-{
-	int i;
-	struct rev_info revs;
-
-	pack_pipe = xfdopen(out, "w");
-	init_revisions(&revs, NULL);
-	revs.tag_objects = 1;
-	revs.tree_objects = 1;
-	revs.blob_objects = 1;
-	if (use_thin_pack)
-		revs.edge_hint = 1;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		/* why??? */
-		o->flags &= ~UNINTERESTING;
-		add_pending_object(&revs, o, NULL);
-	}
-	for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++) {
-		struct object *o = have_obj.objects[i].item;
-		o->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
-		add_pending_object(&revs, o, NULL);
-	}
-	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &revs, NULL);
-	if (prepare_revision_walk(&revs))
-		die("revision walk setup failed");
-	mark_edges_uninteresting(revs.commits, &revs, show_edge);
-	if (use_thin_pack)
-		for (i = 0; i < extra_edge_obj.nr; i++)
-			fprintf(pack_pipe, "-%s\n", sha1_to_hex(
-					extra_edge_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-	traverse_commit_list(&revs, show_commit, show_object, NULL);
-	fflush(pack_pipe);
-	fclose(pack_pipe);
+	FILE *fp = cb_data;
+	if (graft->nr_parent == -1)
+		fprintf(fp, "--shallow %s\n", sha1_to_hex(graft->sha1));
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void create_pack_file(void)
 {
-	struct async rev_list;
-	struct child_process pack_objects;
-	int create_full_pack = (nr_our_refs == want_obj.nr && !have_obj.nr);
+	struct child_process pack_objects = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	char data[8193], progress[128];
 	char abort_msg[] = "aborting due to possible repository "
 		"corruption on the remote side.";
 	int buffered = -1;
 	ssize_t sz;
-	const char *argv[10];
-	int arg = 0;
+	const char *argv[13];
+	int i, arg = 0;
+	FILE *pipe_fd;
 
-	argv[arg++] = "pack-objects";
-	if (!shallow_nr) {
-		argv[arg++] = "--revs";
-		if (create_full_pack)
-			argv[arg++] = "--all";
-		else if (use_thin_pack)
-			argv[arg++] = "--thin";
+	if (shallow_nr) {
+		argv[arg++] = "--shallow-file";
+		argv[arg++] = "";
 	}
+	argv[arg++] = "pack-objects";
+	argv[arg++] = "--revs";
+	if (use_thin_pack)
+		argv[arg++] = "--thin";
 
 	argv[arg++] = "--stdout";
+	if (shallow_nr)
+		argv[arg++] = "--shallow";
 	if (!no_progress)
 		argv[arg++] = "--progress";
 	if (use_ofs_delta)
@@ -165,7 +110,6 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 		argv[arg++] = "--include-tag";
 	argv[arg++] = NULL;
 
-	memset(&pack_objects, 0, sizeof(pack_objects));
 	pack_objects.in = -1;
 	pack_objects.out = -1;
 	pack_objects.err = -1;
@@ -175,29 +119,24 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 	if (start_command(&pack_objects))
 		die("git upload-pack: unable to fork git-pack-objects");
 
-	if (shallow_nr) {
-		memset(&rev_list, 0, sizeof(rev_list));
-		rev_list.proc = do_rev_list;
-		rev_list.out = pack_objects.in;
-		if (start_async(&rev_list))
-			die("git upload-pack: unable to fork git-rev-list");
-	}
-	else {
-		FILE *pipe_fd = xfdopen(pack_objects.in, "w");
-		if (!create_full_pack) {
-			int i;
-			for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
-				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(want_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-			fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
-			for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
-				fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(have_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
-		}
-
-		fprintf(pipe_fd, "\n");
-		fflush(pipe_fd);
-		fclose(pipe_fd);
-	}
-
+	pipe_fd = xfdopen(pack_objects.in, "w");
+
+	if (shallow_nr)
+		for_each_commit_graft(write_one_shallow, pipe_fd);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(want_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+	fprintf(pipe_fd, "--not\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < have_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(have_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+	for (i = 0; i < extra_edge_obj.nr; i++)
+		fprintf(pipe_fd, "%s\n",
+			sha1_to_hex(extra_edge_obj.objects[i].item->sha1));
+	fprintf(pipe_fd, "\n");
+	fflush(pipe_fd);
+	fclose(pipe_fd);
 
 	/* We read from pack_objects.err to capture stderr output for
 	 * progress bar, and pack_objects.out to capture the pack data.
@@ -206,6 +145,7 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 	while (1) {
 		struct pollfd pfd[2];
 		int pe, pu, pollsize;
+		int ret;
 
 		reset_timeout();
 
@@ -228,7 +168,10 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 		if (!pollsize)
 			break;
 
-		if (poll(pfd, pollsize, -1) < 0) {
+		ret = poll(pfd, pollsize,
+			keepalive < 0 ? -1 : 1000 * keepalive);
+
+		if (ret < 0) {
 			if (errno != EINTR) {
 				error("poll failed, resuming: %s",
 				      strerror(errno));
@@ -290,14 +233,27 @@ static void create_pack_file(void)
 			if (sz < 0)
 				goto fail;
 		}
+
+		/*
+		 * We hit the keepalive timeout without saying anything; send
+		 * an empty message on the data sideband just to let the other
+		 * side know we're still working on it, but don't have any data
+		 * yet.
+		 *
+		 * If we don't have a sideband channel, there's no room in the
+		 * protocol to say anything, so those clients are just out of
+		 * luck.
+		 */
+		if (!ret && use_sideband) {
+			static const char buf[] = "0005\1";
+			write_or_die(1, buf, 5);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (finish_command(&pack_objects)) {
 		error("git upload-pack: git-pack-objects died with error.");
 		goto fail;
 	}
-	if (shallow_nr && finish_async(&rev_list))
-		goto fail;	/* error was already reported */
 
 	/* flush the data */
 	if (0 <= buffered) {
@@ -326,9 +282,7 @@ static int got_sha1(char *hex, unsigned char *sha1)
 	if (!has_sha1_file(sha1))
 		return -1;
 
-	o = lookup_object(sha1);
-	if (!(o && o->parsed))
-		o = parse_object(sha1);
+	o = parse_object(sha1);
 	if (!o)
 		die("oops (%s)", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
 	if (o->type == OBJ_COMMIT) {
@@ -416,7 +370,6 @@ static int ok_to_give_up(void)
 
 static int get_common_commits(void)
 {
-	static char line[1000];
 	unsigned char sha1[20];
 	char last_hex[41];
 	int got_common = 0;
@@ -426,10 +379,10 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 
 	for (;;) {
-		int len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		reset_timeout();
 
-		if (!len) {
+		if (!line) {
 			if (multi_ack == 2 && got_common
 			    && !got_other && ok_to_give_up()) {
 				sent_ready = 1;
@@ -448,8 +401,7 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 			got_other = 0;
 			continue;
 		}
-		strip(line, len);
-		if (!prefixcmp(line, "have ")) {
+		if (starts_with(line, "have ")) {
 			switch (got_sha1(line+5, sha1)) {
 			case -1: /* they have what we do not */
 				got_other = 1;
@@ -488,12 +440,18 @@ static int get_common_commits(void)
 	}
 }
 
+static int is_our_ref(struct object *o)
+{
+	return o->flags &
+		((allow_tip_sha1_in_want ? HIDDEN_REF : 0) | OUR_REF);
+}
+
 static void check_non_tip(void)
 {
 	static const char *argv[] = {
 		"rev-list", "--stdin", NULL,
 	};
-	static struct child_process cmd;
+	static struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 	struct object *o;
 	char namebuf[42]; /* ^ + SHA-1 + LF */
 	int i;
@@ -524,7 +482,7 @@ static void check_non_tip(void)
 		o = get_indexed_object(--i);
 		if (!o)
 			continue;
-		if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(namebuf + 1, sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(cmd.in, namebuf, 42) < 0)
@@ -533,7 +491,7 @@ static void check_non_tip(void)
 	namebuf[40] = '\n';
 	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
 		o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		if (o->flags & OUR_REF)
+		if (is_our_ref(o))
 			continue;
 		memcpy(namebuf, sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), 40);
 		if (write_in_full(cmd.in, namebuf, 41) < 0)
@@ -567,7 +525,7 @@ error:
 	/* Pick one of them (we know there at least is one) */
 	for (i = 0; i < want_obj.nr; i++) {
 		o = want_obj.objects[i].item;
-		if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+		if (!is_our_ref(o))
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(o->sha1));
 	}
@@ -576,44 +534,43 @@ error:
 static void receive_needs(void)
 {
 	struct object_array shallows = OBJECT_ARRAY_INIT;
-	static char line[1000];
-	int len, depth = 0;
+	int depth = 0;
 	int has_non_tip = 0;
 
 	shallow_nr = 0;
-	if (debug_fd)
-		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#S\n");
 	for (;;) {
 		struct object *o;
 		const char *features;
 		unsigned char sha1_buf[20];
-		len = packet_read_line(0, line, sizeof(line));
+		char *line = packet_read_line(0, NULL);
 		reset_timeout();
-		if (!len)
+		if (!line)
 			break;
-		if (debug_fd)
-			write_in_full(debug_fd, line, len);
 
-		if (!prefixcmp(line, "shallow ")) {
+		if (starts_with(line, "shallow ")) {
 			unsigned char sha1[20];
 			struct object *object;
-			if (get_sha1(line + 8, sha1))
+			if (get_sha1_hex(line + 8, sha1))
 				die("invalid shallow line: %s", line);
 			object = parse_object(sha1);
 			if (!object)
-				die("did not find object for %s", line);
-			object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
-			add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+				continue;
+			if (object->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
+				die("invalid shallow object %s", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+			if (!(object->flags & CLIENT_SHALLOW)) {
+				object->flags |= CLIENT_SHALLOW;
+				add_object_array(object, NULL, &shallows);
+			}
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(line, "deepen ")) {
+		if (starts_with(line, "deepen ")) {
 			char *end;
 			depth = strtol(line + 7, &end, 0);
 			if (end == line + 7 || depth <= 0)
 				die("Invalid deepen: %s", line);
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (prefixcmp(line, "want ") ||
+		if (!starts_with(line, "want ") ||
 		    get_sha1_hex(line+5, sha1_buf))
 			die("git upload-pack: protocol error, "
 			    "expected to get sha, not '%s'", line);
@@ -639,19 +596,17 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 		if (parse_feature_request(features, "include-tag"))
 			use_include_tag = 1;
 
-		o = lookup_object(sha1_buf);
+		o = parse_object(sha1_buf);
 		if (!o)
 			die("git upload-pack: not our ref %s",
 			    sha1_to_hex(sha1_buf));
 		if (!(o->flags & WANTED)) {
 			o->flags |= WANTED;
-			if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF))
+			if (!is_our_ref(o))
 				has_non_tip = 1;
 			add_object_array(o, NULL, &want_obj);
 		}
 	}
-	if (debug_fd)
-		write_str_in_full(debug_fd, "#E\n");
 
 	/*
 	 * We have sent all our refs already, and the other end
@@ -669,10 +624,17 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 	if (depth == 0 && shallows.nr == 0)
 		return;
 	if (depth > 0) {
-		struct commit_list *result, *backup;
+		struct commit_list *result = NULL, *backup = NULL;
 		int i;
-		backup = result = get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
-			SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
+		if (depth == INFINITE_DEPTH && !is_repository_shallow())
+			for (i = 0; i < shallows.nr; i++) {
+				struct object *object = shallows.objects[i].item;
+				object->flags |= NOT_SHALLOW;
+			}
+		else
+			backup = result =
+				get_shallow_commits(&want_obj, depth,
+						    SHALLOW, NOT_SHALLOW);
 		while (result) {
 			struct object *object = &result->item->object;
 			if (!(object->flags & (CLIENT_SHALLOW|NOT_SHALLOW))) {
@@ -694,8 +656,7 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 				/* make sure the real parents are parsed */
 				unregister_shallow(object->sha1);
 				object->parsed = 0;
-				if (parse_commit((struct commit *)object))
-					die("invalid commit");
+				parse_commit_or_die((struct commit *)object);
 				parents = ((struct commit *)object)->parents;
 				while (parents) {
 					add_object_array(&parents->item->object,
@@ -719,62 +680,101 @@ static void receive_needs(void)
 	free(shallows.objects);
 }
 
+/* return non-zero if the ref is hidden, otherwise 0 */
+static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1)
+{
+	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
+
+	if (ref_is_hidden(refname)) {
+		o->flags |= HIDDEN_REF;
+		return 1;
+	}
+	o->flags |= OUR_REF;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int check_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+{
+	mark_our_ref(refname, sha1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void format_symref_info(struct strbuf *buf, struct string_list *symref)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+
+	if (!symref->nr)
+		return;
+	for_each_string_list_item(item, symref)
+		strbuf_addf(buf, " symref=%s:%s", item->string, (char *)item->util);
+}
+
 static int send_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
 {
 	static const char *capabilities = "multi_ack thin-pack side-band"
 		" side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress"
 		" include-tag multi_ack_detailed";
-	struct object *o = lookup_unknown_object(sha1);
 	const char *refname_nons = strip_namespace(refname);
+	unsigned char peeled[20];
 
-	if (o->type == OBJ_NONE) {
-		o->type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
-		if (o->type < 0)
-		    die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	}
+	if (mark_our_ref(refname, sha1))
+		return 0;
 
-	if (capabilities)
-		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons,
+	if (capabilities) {
+		struct strbuf symref_info = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+		format_symref_info(&symref_info, cb_data);
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s%c%s%s%s%s agent=%s\n",
+			     sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons,
 			     0, capabilities,
-			     stateless_rpc ? " no-done" : "");
-	else
+			     allow_tip_sha1_in_want ? " allow-tip-sha1-in-want" : "",
+			     stateless_rpc ? " no-done" : "",
+			     symref_info.buf,
+			     git_user_agent_sanitized());
+		strbuf_release(&symref_info);
+	} else {
 		packet_write(1, "%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1), refname_nons);
-	capabilities = NULL;
-	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
-		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
-		nr_our_refs++;
-	}
-	if (o->type == OBJ_TAG) {
-		o = deref_tag_noverify(o);
-		if (o)
-			packet_write(1, "%s %s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(o->sha1), refname_nons);
 	}
+	capabilities = NULL;
+	if (!peel_ref(refname, peeled))
+		packet_write(1, "%s %s^{}\n", sha1_to_hex(peeled), refname_nons);
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int mark_our_ref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag, void *cb_data)
+static int find_symref(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag,
+		       void *cb_data)
 {
-	struct object *o = parse_object(sha1);
-	if (!o)
-		die("git upload-pack: cannot find object %s:", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
-	if (!(o->flags & OUR_REF)) {
-		o->flags |= OUR_REF;
-		nr_our_refs++;
-	}
+	const char *symref_target;
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	unsigned char unused[20];
+
+	if ((flag & REF_ISSYMREF) == 0)
+		return 0;
+	symref_target = resolve_ref_unsafe(refname, 0, unused, &flag);
+	if (!symref_target || (flag & REF_ISSYMREF) == 0)
+		die("'%s' is a symref but it is not?", refname);
+	item = string_list_append(cb_data, refname);
+	item->util = xstrdup(symref_target);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static void upload_pack(void)
 {
+	struct string_list symref = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+
+	head_ref_namespaced(find_symref, &symref);
+
 	if (advertise_refs || !stateless_rpc) {
 		reset_timeout();
-		head_ref_namespaced(send_ref, NULL);
-		for_each_namespaced_ref(send_ref, NULL);
+		head_ref_namespaced(send_ref, &symref);
+		for_each_namespaced_ref(send_ref, &symref);
+		advertise_shallow_grafts(1);
 		packet_flush(1);
 	} else {
-		head_ref_namespaced(mark_our_ref, NULL);
-		for_each_namespaced_ref(mark_our_ref, NULL);
+		head_ref_namespaced(check_ref, NULL);
+		for_each_namespaced_ref(check_ref, NULL);
 	}
+	string_list_clear(&symref, 1);
 	if (advertise_refs)
 		return;
 
@@ -785,6 +785,18 @@ static void upload_pack(void)
 	}
 }
 
+static int upload_pack_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *unused)
+{
+	if (!strcmp("uploadpack.allowtipsha1inwant", var))
+		allow_tip_sha1_in_want = git_config_bool(var, value);
+	else if (!strcmp("uploadpack.keepalive", var)) {
+		keepalive = git_config_int(var, value);
+		if (!keepalive)
+			keepalive = -1;
+	}
+	return parse_hide_refs_config(var, value, "uploadpack");
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	char *dir;
@@ -795,7 +807,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	packet_trace_identity("upload-pack");
 	git_extract_argv0_path(argv[0]);
-	read_replace_refs = 0;
+	check_replace_refs = 0;
 
 	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
 		char *arg = argv[i];
@@ -814,7 +826,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 			strict = 1;
 			continue;
 		}
-		if (!prefixcmp(arg, "--timeout=")) {
+		if (starts_with(arg, "--timeout=")) {
 			timeout = atoi(arg+10);
 			daemon_mode = 1;
 			continue;
@@ -834,10 +846,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
 	if (!enter_repo(dir, strict))
 		die("'%s' does not appear to be a git repository", dir);
-	if (is_repository_shallow())
-		die("attempt to fetch/clone from a shallow repository");
-	if (getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"))
-		debug_fd = atoi(getenv("GIT_DEBUG_SEND_PACK"));
+
+	git_config(upload_pack_config, NULL);
 	upload_pack();
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/url.c b/url.c
index 335d97d3f7..7ca2a69e10 100644
--- a/url.c
+++ b/url.c
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ void end_url_with_slash(struct strbuf *buf, const char *url)
 {
 	strbuf_addstr(buf, url);
 	if (buf->len && buf->buf[buf->len - 1] != '/')
-		strbuf_addstr(buf, "/");
+		strbuf_addch(buf, '/');
 }
 
 void str_end_url_with_slash(const char *url, char **dest) {
diff --git a/urlmatch.c b/urlmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..132d342bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/urlmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "urlmatch.h"
+
+#define URL_ALPHA "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+#define URL_DIGIT "0123456789"
+#define URL_ALPHADIGIT URL_ALPHA URL_DIGIT
+#define URL_SCHEME_CHARS URL_ALPHADIGIT "+.-"
+#define URL_HOST_CHARS URL_ALPHADIGIT ".-[:]" /* IPv6 literals need [:] */
+#define URL_UNSAFE_CHARS " <>\"%{}|\\^`" /* plus 0x00-0x1F,0x7F-0xFF */
+#define URL_GEN_RESERVED ":/?#[]@"
+#define URL_SUB_RESERVED "!$&'()*+,;="
+#define URL_RESERVED URL_GEN_RESERVED URL_SUB_RESERVED /* only allowed delims */
+
+static int append_normalized_escapes(struct strbuf *buf,
+				     const char *from,
+				     size_t from_len,
+				     const char *esc_extra,
+				     const char *esc_ok)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Append to strbuf 'buf' characters from string 'from' with length
+	 * 'from_len' while unescaping characters that do not need to be escaped
+	 * and escaping characters that do.  The set of characters to escape
+	 * (the complement of which is unescaped) starts out as the RFC 3986
+	 * unsafe characters (0x00-0x1F,0x7F-0xFF," <>\"#%{}|\\^`").  If
+	 * 'esc_extra' is not NULL, those additional characters will also always
+	 * be escaped.  If 'esc_ok' is not NULL, those characters will be left
+	 * escaped if found that way, but will not be unescaped otherwise (used
+	 * for delimiters).  If a %-escape sequence is encountered that is not
+	 * followed by 2 hexadecimal digits, the sequence is invalid and
+	 * false (0) will be returned.  Otherwise true (1) will be returned for
+	 * success.
+	 *
+	 * Note that all %-escape sequences will be normalized to UPPERCASE
+	 * as indicated in RFC 3986.  Unless included in esc_extra or esc_ok
+	 * alphanumerics and "-._~" will always be unescaped as per RFC 3986.
+	 */
+
+	while (from_len) {
+		int ch = *from++;
+		int was_esc = 0;
+
+		from_len--;
+		if (ch == '%') {
+			if (from_len < 2 ||
+			    !isxdigit(from[0]) ||
+			    !isxdigit(from[1]))
+				return 0;
+			ch = hexval(*from++) << 4;
+			ch |= hexval(*from++);
+			from_len -= 2;
+			was_esc = 1;
+		}
+		if ((unsigned char)ch <= 0x1F || (unsigned char)ch >= 0x7F ||
+		    strchr(URL_UNSAFE_CHARS, ch) ||
+		    (esc_extra && strchr(esc_extra, ch)) ||
+		    (was_esc && strchr(esc_ok, ch)))
+			strbuf_addf(buf, "%%%02X", (unsigned char)ch);
+		else
+			strbuf_addch(buf, ch);
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+char *url_normalize(const char *url, struct url_info *out_info)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Normalize NUL-terminated url using the following rules:
+	 *
+	 * 1. Case-insensitive parts of url will be converted to lower case
+	 * 2. %-encoded characters that do not need to be will be unencoded
+	 * 3. Characters that are not %-encoded and must be will be encoded
+	 * 4. All %-encodings will be converted to upper case hexadecimal
+	 * 5. Leading 0s are removed from port numbers
+	 * 6. If the default port for the scheme is given it will be removed
+	 * 7. A path part (including empty) not starting with '/' has one added
+	 * 8. Any dot segments (. or ..) in the path are resolved and removed
+	 * 9. IPv6 host literals are allowed (but not normalized or validated)
+	 *
+	 * The rules are based on information in RFC 3986.
+	 *
+	 * Please note this function requires a full URL including a scheme
+	 * and host part (except for file: URLs which may have an empty host).
+	 *
+	 * The return value is a newly allocated string that must be freed
+	 * or NULL if the url is not valid.
+	 *
+	 * If out_info is non-NULL, the url and err fields therein will always
+	 * be set.  If a non-NULL value is returned, it will be stored in
+	 * out_info->url as well, out_info->err will be set to NULL and the
+	 * other fields of *out_info will also be filled in.  If a NULL value
+	 * is returned, NULL will be stored in out_info->url and out_info->err
+	 * will be set to a brief, translated, error message, but no other
+	 * fields will be filled in.
+	 *
+	 * This is NOT a URL validation function.  Full URL validation is NOT
+	 * performed.  Some invalid host names are passed through this function
+	 * undetected.  However, most all other problems that make a URL invalid
+	 * will be detected (including a missing host for non file: URLs).
+	 */
+
+	size_t url_len = strlen(url);
+	struct strbuf norm;
+	size_t spanned;
+	size_t scheme_len, user_off=0, user_len=0, passwd_off=0, passwd_len=0;
+	size_t host_off=0, host_len=0, port_len=0, path_off, path_len, result_len;
+	const char *slash_ptr, *at_ptr, *colon_ptr, *path_start;
+	char *result;
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy lowercased scheme and :// suffix, %-escapes are not allowed
+	 * First character of scheme must be URL_ALPHA
+	 */
+	spanned = strspn(url, URL_SCHEME_CHARS);
+	if (!spanned || !isalpha(url[0]) || spanned + 3 > url_len ||
+	    url[spanned] != ':' || url[spanned+1] != '/' || url[spanned+2] != '/') {
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("invalid URL scheme name or missing '://' suffix");
+		}
+		return NULL; /* Bad scheme and/or missing "://" part */
+	}
+	strbuf_init(&norm, url_len);
+	scheme_len = spanned;
+	spanned += 3;
+	url_len -= spanned;
+	while (spanned--)
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, tolower(*url++));
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy any username:password if present normalizing %-escapes
+	 */
+	at_ptr = strchr(url, '@');
+	slash_ptr = url + strcspn(url, "/?#");
+	if (at_ptr && at_ptr < slash_ptr) {
+		user_off = norm.len;
+		if (at_ptr > url) {
+			if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, at_ptr - url,
+						       "", URL_RESERVED)) {
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			colon_ptr = strchr(norm.buf + scheme_len + 3, ':');
+			if (colon_ptr) {
+				passwd_off = (colon_ptr + 1) - norm.buf;
+				passwd_len = norm.len - passwd_off;
+				user_len = (passwd_off - 1) - (scheme_len + 3);
+			} else {
+				user_len = norm.len - (scheme_len + 3);
+			}
+		}
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, '@');
+		url_len -= (++at_ptr - url);
+		url = at_ptr;
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy the host part excluding any port part, no %-escapes allowed
+	 */
+	if (!url_len || strchr(":/?#", *url)) {
+		/* Missing host invalid for all URL schemes except file */
+		if (strncmp(norm.buf, "file:", 5)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("missing host and scheme is not 'file:'");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	} else {
+		host_off = norm.len;
+	}
+	colon_ptr = slash_ptr - 1;
+	while (colon_ptr > url && *colon_ptr != ':' && *colon_ptr != ']')
+		colon_ptr--;
+	if (*colon_ptr != ':') {
+		colon_ptr = slash_ptr;
+	} else if (!host_off && colon_ptr < slash_ptr && colon_ptr + 1 != slash_ptr) {
+		/* file: URLs may not have a port number */
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("a 'file:' URL may not have a port number");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&norm);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	spanned = strspn(url, URL_HOST_CHARS);
+	if (spanned < colon_ptr - url) {
+		/* Host name has invalid characters */
+		if (out_info) {
+			out_info->url = NULL;
+			out_info->err = _("invalid characters in host name");
+		}
+		strbuf_release(&norm);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	while (url < colon_ptr) {
+		strbuf_addch(&norm, tolower(*url++));
+		url_len--;
+	}
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the port part and copy if not the default (after removing any
+	 * leading 0s); no %-escapes allowed
+	 */
+	if (colon_ptr < slash_ptr) {
+		/* skip the ':' and leading 0s but not the last one if all 0s */
+		url++;
+		url += strspn(url, "0");
+		if (url == slash_ptr && url[-1] == '0')
+			url--;
+		if (url == slash_ptr) {
+			/* Skip ":" port with no number, it's same as default */
+		} else if (slash_ptr - url == 2 &&
+			   !strncmp(norm.buf, "http:", 5) &&
+			   !strncmp(url, "80", 2)) {
+			/* Skip http :80 as it's the default */
+		} else if (slash_ptr - url == 3 &&
+			   !strncmp(norm.buf, "https:", 6) &&
+			   !strncmp(url, "443", 3)) {
+			/* Skip https :443 as it's the default */
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Port number must be all digits with leading 0s removed
+			 * and since all the protocols we deal with have a 16-bit
+			 * port number it must also be in the range 1..65535
+			 * 0 is not allowed because that means "next available"
+			 * on just about every system and therefore cannot be used
+			 */
+			unsigned long pnum = 0;
+			spanned = strspn(url, URL_DIGIT);
+			if (spanned < slash_ptr - url) {
+				/* port number has invalid characters */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid port number");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			if (slash_ptr - url <= 5)
+				pnum = strtoul(url, NULL, 10);
+			if (pnum == 0 || pnum > 65535) {
+				/* port number not in range 1..65535 */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid port number");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			strbuf_addch(&norm, ':');
+			strbuf_add(&norm, url, slash_ptr - url);
+			port_len = slash_ptr - url;
+		}
+		url_len -= slash_ptr - colon_ptr;
+		url = slash_ptr;
+	}
+	if (host_off)
+		host_len = norm.len - host_off;
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Now copy the path resolving any . and .. segments being careful not
+	 * to corrupt the URL by unescaping any delimiters, but do add an
+	 * initial '/' if it's missing and do normalize any %-escape sequences.
+	 */
+	path_off = norm.len;
+	path_start = norm.buf + path_off;
+	strbuf_addch(&norm, '/');
+	if (*url == '/') {
+		url++;
+		url_len--;
+	}
+	for (;;) {
+		const char *seg_start;
+		size_t seg_start_off = norm.len;
+		const char *next_slash = url + strcspn(url, "/?#");
+		int skip_add_slash = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * RFC 3689 indicates that any . or .. segments should be
+		 * unescaped before being checked for.
+		 */
+		if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, next_slash - url, "",
+					       URL_RESERVED)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		seg_start = norm.buf + seg_start_off;
+		if (!strcmp(seg_start, ".")) {
+			/* ignore a . segment; be careful not to remove initial '/' */
+			if (seg_start == path_start + 1) {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, norm.len - 1);
+				skip_add_slash = 1;
+			} else {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, norm.len - 2);
+			}
+		} else if (!strcmp(seg_start, "..")) {
+			/*
+			 * ignore a .. segment and remove the previous segment;
+			 * be careful not to remove initial '/' from path
+			 */
+			const char *prev_slash = norm.buf + norm.len - 3;
+			if (prev_slash == path_start) {
+				/* invalid .. because no previous segment to remove */
+				if (out_info) {
+					out_info->url = NULL;
+					out_info->err = _("invalid '..' path segment");
+				}
+				strbuf_release(&norm);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+			while (*--prev_slash != '/') {}
+			if (prev_slash == path_start) {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, prev_slash - norm.buf + 1);
+				skip_add_slash = 1;
+			} else {
+				strbuf_setlen(&norm, prev_slash - norm.buf);
+			}
+		}
+		url_len -= next_slash - url;
+		url = next_slash;
+		/* if the next char is not '/' done with the path */
+		if (*url != '/')
+			break;
+		url++;
+		url_len--;
+		if (!skip_add_slash)
+			strbuf_addch(&norm, '/');
+	}
+	path_len = norm.len - path_off;
+
+
+	/*
+	 * Now simply copy the rest, if any, only normalizing %-escapes and
+	 * being careful not to corrupt the URL by unescaping any delimiters.
+	 */
+	if (*url) {
+		if (!append_normalized_escapes(&norm, url, url_len, "", URL_RESERVED)) {
+			if (out_info) {
+				out_info->url = NULL;
+				out_info->err = _("invalid %XX escape sequence");
+			}
+			strbuf_release(&norm);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	result = strbuf_detach(&norm, &result_len);
+	if (out_info) {
+		out_info->url = result;
+		out_info->err = NULL;
+		out_info->url_len = result_len;
+		out_info->scheme_len = scheme_len;
+		out_info->user_off = user_off;
+		out_info->user_len = user_len;
+		out_info->passwd_off = passwd_off;
+		out_info->passwd_len = passwd_len;
+		out_info->host_off = host_off;
+		out_info->host_len = host_len;
+		out_info->port_len = port_len;
+		out_info->path_off = path_off;
+		out_info->path_len = path_len;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+static size_t url_match_prefix(const char *url,
+			       const char *url_prefix,
+			       size_t url_prefix_len)
+{
+	/*
+	 * url_prefix matches url if url_prefix is an exact match for url or it
+	 * is a prefix of url and the match ends on a path component boundary.
+	 * Both url and url_prefix are considered to have an implicit '/' on the
+	 * end for matching purposes if they do not already.
+	 *
+	 * url must be NUL terminated.  url_prefix_len is the length of
+	 * url_prefix which need not be NUL terminated.
+	 *
+	 * The return value is the length of the match in characters (including
+	 * the final '/' even if it's implicit) or 0 for no match.
+	 *
+	 * Passing NULL as url and/or url_prefix will always cause 0 to be
+	 * returned without causing any faults.
+	 */
+	if (!url || !url_prefix)
+		return 0;
+	if (!url_prefix_len || (url_prefix_len == 1 && *url_prefix == '/'))
+		return (!*url || *url == '/') ? 1 : 0;
+	if (url_prefix[url_prefix_len - 1] == '/')
+		url_prefix_len--;
+	if (strncmp(url, url_prefix, url_prefix_len))
+		return 0;
+	if ((strlen(url) == url_prefix_len) || (url[url_prefix_len] == '/'))
+		return url_prefix_len + 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int match_urls(const struct url_info *url,
+		      const struct url_info *url_prefix,
+		      int *exactusermatch)
+{
+	/*
+	 * url_prefix matches url if the scheme, host and port of url_prefix
+	 * are the same as those of url and the path portion of url_prefix
+	 * is the same as the path portion of url or it is a prefix that
+	 * matches at a '/' boundary.  If url_prefix contains a user name,
+	 * that must also exactly match the user name in url.
+	 *
+	 * If the user, host, port and path match in this fashion, the returned
+	 * value is the length of the path match including any implicit
+	 * final '/'.  For example, "http://me@example.com/path" is matched by
+	 * "http://example.com" with a path length of 1.
+	 *
+	 * If there is a match and exactusermatch is not NULL, then
+	 * *exactusermatch will be set to true if both url and url_prefix
+	 * contained a user name or false if url_prefix did not have a
+	 * user name.  If there is no match *exactusermatch is left untouched.
+	 */
+	int usermatched = 0;
+	int pathmatchlen;
+
+	if (!url || !url_prefix || !url->url || !url_prefix->url)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* check the scheme */
+	if (url_prefix->scheme_len != url->scheme_len ||
+	    strncmp(url->url, url_prefix->url, url->scheme_len))
+		return 0; /* schemes do not match */
+
+	/* check the user name if url_prefix has one */
+	if (url_prefix->user_off) {
+		if (!url->user_off || url->user_len != url_prefix->user_len ||
+		    strncmp(url->url + url->user_off,
+			    url_prefix->url + url_prefix->user_off,
+			    url->user_len))
+			return 0; /* url_prefix has a user but it's not a match */
+		usermatched = 1;
+	}
+
+	/* check the host and port */
+	if (url_prefix->host_len != url->host_len ||
+	    strncmp(url->url + url->host_off,
+		    url_prefix->url + url_prefix->host_off, url->host_len))
+		return 0; /* host names and/or ports do not match */
+
+	/* check the path */
+	pathmatchlen = url_match_prefix(
+		url->url + url->path_off,
+		url_prefix->url + url_prefix->path_off,
+		url_prefix->url_len - url_prefix->path_off);
+
+	if (pathmatchlen && exactusermatch)
+		*exactusermatch = usermatched;
+	return pathmatchlen;
+}
+
+int urlmatch_config_entry(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
+{
+	struct string_list_item *item;
+	struct urlmatch_config *collect = cb;
+	struct urlmatch_item *matched;
+	struct url_info *url = &collect->url;
+	const char *key, *dot;
+	struct strbuf synthkey = STRBUF_INIT;
+	size_t matched_len = 0;
+	int user_matched = 0;
+	int retval;
+
+	if (!skip_prefix(var, collect->section, &key) || *(key++) != '.') {
+		if (collect->cascade_fn)
+			return collect->cascade_fn(var, value, cb);
+		return 0; /* not interested */
+	}
+	dot = strrchr(key, '.');
+	if (dot) {
+		char *config_url, *norm_url;
+		struct url_info norm_info;
+
+		config_url = xmemdupz(key, dot - key);
+		norm_url = url_normalize(config_url, &norm_info);
+		free(config_url);
+		if (!norm_url)
+			return 0;
+		matched_len = match_urls(url, &norm_info, &user_matched);
+		free(norm_url);
+		if (!matched_len)
+			return 0;
+		key = dot + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (collect->key && strcmp(key, collect->key))
+		return 0;
+
+	item = string_list_insert(&collect->vars, key);
+	if (!item->util) {
+		matched = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*matched));
+		item->util = matched;
+	} else {
+		matched = item->util;
+		/*
+		 * Is our match shorter?  Is our match the same
+		 * length, and without user while the current
+		 * candidate is with user?  Then we cannot use it.
+		 */
+		if (matched_len < matched->matched_len ||
+		    ((matched_len == matched->matched_len) &&
+		     (!user_matched && matched->user_matched)))
+			return 0;
+		/* Otherwise, replace it with this one. */
+	}
+
+	matched->matched_len = matched_len;
+	matched->user_matched = user_matched;
+	strbuf_addstr(&synthkey, collect->section);
+	strbuf_addch(&synthkey, '.');
+	strbuf_addstr(&synthkey, key);
+	retval = collect->collect_fn(synthkey.buf, value, collect->cb);
+
+	strbuf_release(&synthkey);
+	return retval;
+}
diff --git a/urlmatch.h b/urlmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..528862adc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/urlmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#ifndef URL_MATCH_H
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+struct url_info {
+	/* normalized url on success, must be freed, otherwise NULL */
+	char *url;
+	/* if !url, a brief reason for the failure, otherwise NULL */
+	const char *err;
+
+	/* the rest of the fields are only set if url != NULL */
+
+	size_t url_len;		/* total length of url (which is now normalized) */
+	size_t scheme_len;	/* length of scheme name (excluding final :) */
+	size_t user_off;	/* offset into url to start of user name (0 => none) */
+	size_t user_len;	/* length of user name; if user_off != 0 but
+				   user_len == 0, an empty user name was given */
+	size_t passwd_off;	/* offset into url to start of passwd (0 => none) */
+	size_t passwd_len;	/* length of passwd; if passwd_off != 0 but
+				   passwd_len == 0, an empty passwd was given */
+	size_t host_off;	/* offset into url to start of host name (0 => none) */
+	size_t host_len;	/* length of host name; this INCLUDES any ':portnum';
+				 * file urls may have host_len == 0 */
+	size_t port_len;	/* if a portnum is present (port_len != 0), it has
+				 * this length (excluding the leading ':') at the
+				 * end of the host name (always 0 for file urls) */
+	size_t path_off;	/* offset into url to the start of the url path;
+				 * this will always point to a '/' character
+				 * after the url has been normalized */
+	size_t path_len;	/* length of path portion excluding any trailing
+				 * '?...' and '#...' portion; will always be >= 1 */
+};
+
+extern char *url_normalize(const char *, struct url_info *);
+
+struct urlmatch_item {
+	size_t matched_len;
+	char user_matched;
+};
+
+struct urlmatch_config {
+	struct string_list vars;
+	struct url_info url;
+	const char *section;
+	const char *key;
+
+	void *cb;
+	int (*collect_fn)(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+	int (*cascade_fn)(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+};
+
+extern int urlmatch_config_entry(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb);
+
+#endif /* URL_MATCH_H */
diff --git a/usage.c b/usage.c
index a2a6678004..ed146453ca 100644
--- a/usage.c
+++ b/usage.c
@@ -47,12 +47,19 @@ static void warn_builtin(const char *warn, va_list params)
 	vreportf("warning: ", warn, params);
 }
 
+static int die_is_recursing_builtin(void)
+{
+	static int dying;
+	return dying++;
+}
+
 /* If we are in a dlopen()ed .so write to a global variable would segfault
  * (ugh), so keep things static. */
 static NORETURN_PTR void (*usage_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = usage_builtin;
 static NORETURN_PTR void (*die_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = die_builtin;
 static void (*error_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = error_builtin;
 static void (*warn_routine)(const char *err, va_list params) = warn_builtin;
+static int (*die_is_recursing)(void) = die_is_recursing_builtin;
 
 void set_die_routine(NORETURN_PTR void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params))
 {
@@ -64,6 +71,11 @@ void set_error_routine(void (*routine)(const char *err, va_list params))
 	error_routine = routine;
 }
 
+void set_die_is_recursing_routine(int (*routine)(void))
+{
+	die_is_recursing = routine;
+}
+
 void NORETURN usagef(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
@@ -82,6 +94,11 @@ void NORETURN die(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
 
+	if (die_is_recursing()) {
+		fputs("fatal: recursion detected in die handler\n", stderr);
+		exit(128);
+	}
+
 	va_start(params, err);
 	die_routine(err, params);
 	va_end(params);
@@ -94,6 +111,12 @@ void NORETURN die_errno(const char *fmt, ...)
 	char str_error[256], *err;
 	int i, j;
 
+	if (die_is_recursing()) {
+		fputs("fatal: recursion detected in die_errno handler\n",
+			stderr);
+		exit(128);
+	}
+
 	err = strerror(errno);
 	for (i = j = 0; err[i] && j < sizeof(str_error) - 1; ) {
 		if ((str_error[j++] = err[i++]) != '%')
@@ -115,6 +138,7 @@ void NORETURN die_errno(const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_end(params);
 }
 
+#undef error
 int error(const char *err, ...)
 {
 	va_list params;
diff --git a/userdiff.c b/userdiff.c
index 1e7184f7f0..2ccbee50cb 100644
--- a/userdiff.c
+++ b/userdiff.c
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "userdiff.h"
-#include "cache.h"
 #include "attr.h"
 
 static struct userdiff_driver *drivers;
@@ -14,6 +13,15 @@ static int drivers_alloc;
 	{ name, NULL, -1, { pattern, REG_EXTENDED | REG_ICASE }, \
 	  word_regex "|[^[:space:]]|[\xc0-\xff][\x80-\xbf]+" }
 static struct userdiff_driver builtin_drivers[] = {
+IPATTERN("ada",
+	 "!^(.*[ \t])?(is[ \t]+new|renames|is[ \t]+separate)([ \t].*)?$\n"
+	 "!^[ \t]*with[ \t].*$\n"
+	 "^[ \t]*((procedure|function)[ \t]+.*)$\n"
+	 "^[ \t]*((package|protected|task)[ \t]+.*)$",
+	 /* -- */
+	 "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
+	 "|[-+]?[0-9][0-9#_.aAbBcCdDeEfF]*([eE][+-]?[0-9_]+)?"
+	 "|=>|\\.\\.|\\*\\*|:=|/=|>=|<=|<<|>>|<>"),
 IPATTERN("fortran",
 	 "!^([C*]|[ \t]*!)\n"
 	 "!^[ \t]*MODULE[ \t]+PROCEDURE[ \t]\n"
@@ -116,15 +124,13 @@ PATTERNS("tex", "^(\\\\((sub)*section|chapter|part)\\*{0,1}\\{.*)$",
 	 "\\\\[a-zA-Z@]+|\\\\.|[a-zA-Z0-9\x80-\xff]+"),
 PATTERNS("cpp",
 	 /* Jump targets or access declarations */
-	 "!^[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*:.*$\n"
-	 /* C/++ functions/methods at top level */
-	 "^([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*([ \t*]+[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*([ \t]*::[ \t]*[^[:space:]]+)?){1,}[ \t]*\\([^;]*)$\n"
-	 /* compound type at top level */
-	 "^((struct|class|enum)[^;]*)$",
+	 "!^[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*:[[:space:]]*($|/[/*])\n"
+	 /* functions/methods, variables, and compounds at top level */
+	 "^((::[[:space:]]*)?[A-Za-z_].*)$",
 	 /* -- */
 	 "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*"
-	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lL]?"
-	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->"),
+	 "|[-+0-9.e]+[fFlL]?|0[xXbB]?[0-9a-fA-F]+[lLuU]*"
+	 "|[-+*/<>%&^|=!]=|--|\\+\\+|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\\|\\||::|->\\*?|\\.\\*"),
 PATTERNS("csharp",
 	 /* Keywords */
 	 "!^[ \t]*(do|while|for|if|else|instanceof|new|return|switch|case|throw|catch|using)\n"
@@ -175,35 +181,6 @@ static struct userdiff_driver *userdiff_find_by_namelen(const char *k, int len)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
-static struct userdiff_driver *parse_driver(const char *var,
-		const char *value, const char *type)
-{
-	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
-	const char *dot;
-	const char *name;
-	int namelen;
-
-	if (prefixcmp(var, "diff."))
-		return NULL;
-	dot = strrchr(var, '.');
-	if (dot == var + 4)
-		return NULL;
-	if (strcmp(type, dot+1))
-		return NULL;
-
-	name = var + 5;
-	namelen = dot - name;
-	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
-	if (!drv) {
-		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
-		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
-		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
-		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
-		drv->binary = -1;
-	}
-	return drv;
-}
-
 static int parse_funcname(struct userdiff_funcname *f, const char *k,
 		const char *v, int cflags)
 {
@@ -231,20 +208,34 @@ static int parse_bool(int *b, const char *k, const char *v)
 int userdiff_config(const char *k, const char *v)
 {
 	struct userdiff_driver *drv;
+	const char *name, *type;
+	int namelen;
+
+	if (parse_config_key(k, "diff", &name, &namelen, &type) || !name)
+		return 0;
+
+	drv = userdiff_find_by_namelen(name, namelen);
+	if (!drv) {
+		ALLOC_GROW(drivers, ndrivers+1, drivers_alloc);
+		drv = &drivers[ndrivers++];
+		memset(drv, 0, sizeof(*drv));
+		drv->name = xmemdupz(name, namelen);
+		drv->binary = -1;
+	}
 
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "funcname")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "funcname"))
 		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, 0);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "xfuncname")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "xfuncname"))
 		return parse_funcname(&drv->funcname, k, v, REG_EXTENDED);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "binary")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "binary"))
 		return parse_tristate(&drv->binary, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "command")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "command"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->external, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "textconv")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "textconv"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->textconv, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "cachetextconv")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "cachetextconv"))
 		return parse_bool(&drv->textconv_want_cache, k, v);
-	if ((drv = parse_driver(k, v, "wordregex")))
+	if (!strcmp(type, "wordregex"))
 		return git_config_string(&drv->word_regex, k, v);
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/utf8.c b/utf8.c
index 8acbc660d3..520fbb4994 100644
--- a/utf8.c
+++ b/utf8.c
@@ -5,10 +5,24 @@
 /* This code is originally from http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/ */
 
 struct interval {
-  int first;
-  int last;
+	ucs_char_t first;
+	ucs_char_t last;
 };
 
+size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
+{
+	const char *p = s;
+	if (*p++ != '\033')
+		return 0;
+	if (*p++ != '[')
+		return 0;
+	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
+		p++;
+	if (*p++ != 'm')
+		return 0;
+	return p - s;
+}
+
 /* auxiliary function for binary search in interval table */
 static int bisearch(ucs_char_t ucs, const struct interval *table, int max)
 {
@@ -66,53 +80,8 @@ static int git_wcwidth(ucs_char_t ch)
 {
 	/*
 	 * Sorted list of non-overlapping intervals of non-spacing characters,
-	 * generated by
-	 *   "uniset +cat=Me +cat=Mn +cat=Cf -00AD +1160-11FF +200B c".
 	 */
-	static const struct interval combining[] = {
-		{ 0x0300, 0x0357 }, { 0x035D, 0x036F }, { 0x0483, 0x0486 },
-		{ 0x0488, 0x0489 }, { 0x0591, 0x05A1 }, { 0x05A3, 0x05B9 },
-		{ 0x05BB, 0x05BD }, { 0x05BF, 0x05BF }, { 0x05C1, 0x05C2 },
-		{ 0x05C4, 0x05C4 }, { 0x0600, 0x0603 }, { 0x0610, 0x0615 },
-		{ 0x064B, 0x0658 }, { 0x0670, 0x0670 }, { 0x06D6, 0x06E4 },
-		{ 0x06E7, 0x06E8 }, { 0x06EA, 0x06ED }, { 0x070F, 0x070F },
-		{ 0x0711, 0x0711 }, { 0x0730, 0x074A }, { 0x07A6, 0x07B0 },
-		{ 0x0901, 0x0902 }, { 0x093C, 0x093C }, { 0x0941, 0x0948 },
-		{ 0x094D, 0x094D }, { 0x0951, 0x0954 }, { 0x0962, 0x0963 },
-		{ 0x0981, 0x0981 }, { 0x09BC, 0x09BC }, { 0x09C1, 0x09C4 },
-		{ 0x09CD, 0x09CD }, { 0x09E2, 0x09E3 }, { 0x0A01, 0x0A02 },
-		{ 0x0A3C, 0x0A3C }, { 0x0A41, 0x0A42 }, { 0x0A47, 0x0A48 },
-		{ 0x0A4B, 0x0A4D }, { 0x0A70, 0x0A71 }, { 0x0A81, 0x0A82 },
-		{ 0x0ABC, 0x0ABC }, { 0x0AC1, 0x0AC5 }, { 0x0AC7, 0x0AC8 },
-		{ 0x0ACD, 0x0ACD }, { 0x0AE2, 0x0AE3 }, { 0x0B01, 0x0B01 },
-		{ 0x0B3C, 0x0B3C }, { 0x0B3F, 0x0B3F }, { 0x0B41, 0x0B43 },
-		{ 0x0B4D, 0x0B4D }, { 0x0B56, 0x0B56 }, { 0x0B82, 0x0B82 },
-		{ 0x0BC0, 0x0BC0 }, { 0x0BCD, 0x0BCD }, { 0x0C3E, 0x0C40 },
-		{ 0x0C46, 0x0C48 }, { 0x0C4A, 0x0C4D }, { 0x0C55, 0x0C56 },
-		{ 0x0CBC, 0x0CBC }, { 0x0CBF, 0x0CBF }, { 0x0CC6, 0x0CC6 },
-		{ 0x0CCC, 0x0CCD }, { 0x0D41, 0x0D43 }, { 0x0D4D, 0x0D4D },
-		{ 0x0DCA, 0x0DCA }, { 0x0DD2, 0x0DD4 }, { 0x0DD6, 0x0DD6 },
-		{ 0x0E31, 0x0E31 }, { 0x0E34, 0x0E3A }, { 0x0E47, 0x0E4E },
-		{ 0x0EB1, 0x0EB1 }, { 0x0EB4, 0x0EB9 }, { 0x0EBB, 0x0EBC },
-		{ 0x0EC8, 0x0ECD }, { 0x0F18, 0x0F19 }, { 0x0F35, 0x0F35 },
-		{ 0x0F37, 0x0F37 }, { 0x0F39, 0x0F39 }, { 0x0F71, 0x0F7E },
-		{ 0x0F80, 0x0F84 }, { 0x0F86, 0x0F87 }, { 0x0F90, 0x0F97 },
-		{ 0x0F99, 0x0FBC }, { 0x0FC6, 0x0FC6 }, { 0x102D, 0x1030 },
-		{ 0x1032, 0x1032 }, { 0x1036, 0x1037 }, { 0x1039, 0x1039 },
-		{ 0x1058, 0x1059 }, { 0x1160, 0x11FF }, { 0x1712, 0x1714 },
-		{ 0x1732, 0x1734 }, { 0x1752, 0x1753 }, { 0x1772, 0x1773 },
-		{ 0x17B4, 0x17B5 }, { 0x17B7, 0x17BD }, { 0x17C6, 0x17C6 },
-		{ 0x17C9, 0x17D3 }, { 0x17DD, 0x17DD }, { 0x180B, 0x180D },
-		{ 0x18A9, 0x18A9 }, { 0x1920, 0x1922 }, { 0x1927, 0x1928 },
-		{ 0x1932, 0x1932 }, { 0x1939, 0x193B }, { 0x200B, 0x200F },
-		{ 0x202A, 0x202E }, { 0x2060, 0x2063 }, { 0x206A, 0x206F },
-		{ 0x20D0, 0x20EA }, { 0x302A, 0x302F }, { 0x3099, 0x309A },
-		{ 0xFB1E, 0xFB1E }, { 0xFE00, 0xFE0F }, { 0xFE20, 0xFE23 },
-		{ 0xFEFF, 0xFEFF }, { 0xFFF9, 0xFFFB }, { 0x1D167, 0x1D169 },
-		{ 0x1D173, 0x1D182 }, { 0x1D185, 0x1D18B },
-		{ 0x1D1AA, 0x1D1AD }, { 0xE0001, 0xE0001 },
-		{ 0xE0020, 0xE007F }, { 0xE0100, 0xE01EF }
-	};
+#include "unicode_width.h"
 
 	/* test for 8-bit control characters */
 	if (ch == 0)
@@ -121,34 +90,16 @@ static int git_wcwidth(ucs_char_t ch)
 		return -1;
 
 	/* binary search in table of non-spacing characters */
-	if (bisearch(ch, combining, sizeof(combining)
+	if (bisearch(ch, zero_width, sizeof(zero_width)
 				/ sizeof(struct interval) - 1))
 		return 0;
 
-	/*
-	 * If we arrive here, ch is neither a combining nor a C0/C1
-	 * control character.
-	 */
+	/* binary search in table of double width characters */
+	if (bisearch(ch, double_width, sizeof(double_width)
+				/ sizeof(struct interval) - 1))
+		return 2;
 
-	return 1 +
-		(ch >= 0x1100 &&
-                    /* Hangul Jamo init. consonants */
-		 (ch <= 0x115f ||
-		  ch == 0x2329 || ch == 0x232a ||
-                  /* CJK ... Yi */
-		  (ch >= 0x2e80 && ch <= 0xa4cf &&
-		   ch != 0x303f) ||
-		  /* Hangul Syllables */
-		  (ch >= 0xac00 && ch <= 0xd7a3) ||
-		  /* CJK Compatibility Ideographs */
-		  (ch >= 0xf900 && ch <= 0xfaff) ||
-		  /* CJK Compatibility Forms */
-		  (ch >= 0xfe30 && ch <= 0xfe6f) ||
-		  /* Fullwidth Forms */
-		  (ch >= 0xff00 && ch <= 0xff60) ||
-		  (ch >= 0xffe0 && ch <= 0xffe6) ||
-		  (ch >= 0x20000 && ch <= 0x2fffd) ||
-		  (ch >= 0x30000 && ch <= 0x3fffd)));
+	return 1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -252,18 +203,26 @@ int utf8_width(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p)
  * string, assuming that the string is utf8.  Returns strlen() instead
  * if the string does not look like a valid utf8 string.
  */
-int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+int utf8_strnwidth(const char *string, int len, int skip_ansi)
 {
 	int width = 0;
 	const char *orig = string;
 
-	while (1) {
-		if (!string)
-			return strlen(orig);
-		if (!*string)
-			return width;
+	if (len == -1)
+		len = strlen(string);
+	while (string && string < orig + len) {
+		int skip;
+		while (skip_ansi &&
+		       (skip = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(string)) != 0)
+			string += skip;
 		width += utf8_width(&string, NULL);
 	}
+	return string ? width : len;
+}
+
+int utf8_strwidth(const char *string)
+{
+	return utf8_strnwidth(string, -1, 0);
 }
 
 int is_utf8(const char *text)
@@ -280,13 +239,6 @@ int is_utf8(const char *text)
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static void strbuf_addchars(struct strbuf *sb, int c, size_t n)
-{
-	strbuf_grow(sb, n);
-	memset(sb->buf + sb->len, c, n);
-	strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + n);
-}
-
 static void strbuf_add_indented_text(struct strbuf *buf, const char *text,
 				     int indent, int indent2)
 {
@@ -303,27 +255,13 @@ static void strbuf_add_indented_text(struct strbuf *buf, const char *text,
 	}
 }
 
-static size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s)
-{
-	const char *p = s;
-	if (*p++ != '\033')
-		return 0;
-	if (*p++ != '[')
-		return 0;
-	while (isdigit(*p) || *p == ';')
-		p++;
-	if (*p++ != 'm')
-		return 0;
-	return p - s;
-}
-
 /*
  * Wrap the text, if necessary. The variable indent is the indent for the
  * first line, indent2 is the indent for all other lines.
  * If indent is negative, assume that already -indent columns have been
  * consumed (and no extra indent is necessary for the first line).
  */
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 		const char *text, int indent1, int indent2, int width)
 {
 	int indent, w, assume_utf8 = 1;
@@ -332,7 +270,7 @@ int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 
 	if (width <= 0) {
 		strbuf_add_indented_text(buf, text, indent1, indent2);
-		return 1;
+		return;
 	}
 
 retry:
@@ -353,17 +291,17 @@ retry:
 
 		c = *text;
 		if (!c || isspace(c)) {
-			if (w < width || !space) {
+			if (w <= width || !space) {
 				const char *start = bol;
 				if (!c && text == start)
-					return w;
+					return;
 				if (space)
 					start = space;
 				else
 					strbuf_addchars(buf, ' ', indent);
 				strbuf_add(buf, start, text - start);
 				if (!c)
-					return w;
+					return;
 				space = text;
 				if (c == '\t')
 					w |= 0x07;
@@ -405,13 +343,61 @@ new_line:
 	}
 }
 
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
 			     int indent, int indent2, int width)
 {
 	char *tmp = xstrndup(data, len);
-	int r = strbuf_add_wrapped_text(buf, tmp, indent, indent2, width);
+	strbuf_add_wrapped_text(buf, tmp, indent, indent2, width);
 	free(tmp);
-	return r;
+}
+
+void strbuf_utf8_replace(struct strbuf *sb_src, int pos, int width,
+			 const char *subst)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb_dst = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *src = sb_src->buf;
+	char *end = src + sb_src->len;
+	char *dst;
+	int w = 0, subst_len = 0;
+
+	if (subst)
+		subst_len = strlen(subst);
+	strbuf_grow(&sb_dst, sb_src->len + subst_len);
+	dst = sb_dst.buf;
+
+	while (src < end) {
+		char *old;
+		size_t n;
+
+		while ((n = display_mode_esc_sequence_len(src))) {
+			memcpy(dst, src, n);
+			src += n;
+			dst += n;
+		}
+
+		if (src >= end)
+			break;
+
+		old = src;
+		n = utf8_width((const char**)&src, NULL);
+		if (!src) 	/* broken utf-8, do nothing */
+			return;
+		if (n && w >= pos && w < pos + width) {
+			if (subst) {
+				memcpy(dst, subst, subst_len);
+				dst += subst_len;
+				subst = NULL;
+			}
+			w += n;
+			continue;
+		}
+		memcpy(dst, old, src - old);
+		dst += src - old;
+		w += n;
+	}
+	strbuf_setlen(&sb_dst, dst - sb_dst.buf);
+	strbuf_swap(sb_src, &sb_dst);
+	strbuf_release(&sb_dst);
 }
 
 int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name)
@@ -423,6 +409,34 @@ int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int same_encoding(const char *src, const char *dst)
+{
+	if (is_encoding_utf8(src) && is_encoding_utf8(dst))
+		return 1;
+	return !strcasecmp(src, dst);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wrapper for fprintf and returns the total number of columns required
+ * for the printed string, assuming that the string is utf8.
+ */
+int utf8_fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	va_list arg;
+	int columns;
+
+	va_start(arg, format);
+	strbuf_vaddf(&buf, format, arg);
+	va_end(arg);
+
+	columns = fputs(buf.buf, stream);
+	if (0 <= columns) /* keep the error from the I/O */
+		columns = utf8_strwidth(buf.buf);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	return columns;
+}
+
 /*
  * Given a buffer and its encoding, return it re-encoded
  * with iconv.  If the conversion fails, returns NULL.
@@ -433,19 +447,12 @@ int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name)
 #else
 	typedef char * iconv_ibp;
 #endif
-char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding)
+char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz, iconv_t conv, int *outsz_p)
 {
-	iconv_t conv;
-	size_t insz, outsz, outalloc;
+	size_t outsz, outalloc;
 	char *out, *outpos;
 	iconv_ibp cp;
 
-	if (!in_encoding)
-		return NULL;
-	conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
-	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
-		return NULL;
-	insz = strlen(in);
 	outsz = insz;
 	outalloc = outsz + 1; /* for terminating NUL */
 	out = xmalloc(outalloc);
@@ -455,11 +462,10 @@ char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_e
 	while (1) {
 		size_t cnt = iconv(conv, &cp, &insz, &outpos, &outsz);
 
-		if (cnt == -1) {
+		if (cnt == (size_t) -1) {
 			size_t sofar;
 			if (errno != E2BIG) {
 				free(out);
-				iconv_close(conv);
 				return NULL;
 			}
 			/* insz has remaining number of bytes.
@@ -475,10 +481,155 @@ char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_e
 		}
 		else {
 			*outpos = '\0';
+			if (outsz_p)
+				*outsz_p = outpos - out;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
+	return out;
+}
+
+char *reencode_string_len(const char *in, int insz,
+			  const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding,
+			  int *outsz)
+{
+	iconv_t conv;
+	char *out;
+
+	if (!in_encoding)
+		return NULL;
+
+	conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
+	if (conv == (iconv_t) -1) {
+		/*
+		 * Some platforms do not have the variously spelled variants of
+		 * UTF-8, so let's fall back to trying the most official
+		 * spelling. We do so only as a fallback in case the platform
+		 * does understand the user's spelling, but not our official
+		 * one.
+		 */
+		if (is_encoding_utf8(in_encoding))
+			in_encoding = "UTF-8";
+		if (is_encoding_utf8(out_encoding))
+			out_encoding = "UTF-8";
+		conv = iconv_open(out_encoding, in_encoding);
+		if (conv == (iconv_t) -1)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	out = reencode_string_iconv(in, insz, conv, outsz);
 	iconv_close(conv);
 	return out;
 }
 #endif
+
+/*
+ * Returns first character length in bytes for multi-byte `text` according to
+ * `encoding`.
+ *
+ * - The `text` pointer is updated to point at the next character.
+ * - When `remainder_p` is not NULL, on entry `*remainder_p` is how much bytes
+ *   we can consume from text, and on exit `*remainder_p` is reduced by returned
+ *   character length. Otherwise `text` is treated as limited by NUL.
+ */
+int mbs_chrlen(const char **text, size_t *remainder_p, const char *encoding)
+{
+	int chrlen;
+	const char *p = *text;
+	size_t r = (remainder_p ? *remainder_p : SIZE_MAX);
+
+	if (r < 1)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (is_encoding_utf8(encoding)) {
+		pick_one_utf8_char(&p, &r);
+
+		chrlen = p ? (p - *text)
+			   : 1 /* not valid UTF-8 -> raw byte sequence */;
+	}
+	else {
+		/*
+		 * TODO use iconv to decode one char and obtain its chrlen
+		 * for now, let's treat encodings != UTF-8 as one-byte
+		 */
+		chrlen = 1;
+	}
+
+	*text += chrlen;
+	if (remainder_p)
+		*remainder_p -= chrlen;
+
+	return chrlen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pick the next char from the stream, ignoring codepoints an HFS+ would.
+ * Note that this is _not_ complete by any means. It's just enough
+ * to make is_hfs_dotgit() work, and should not be used otherwise.
+ */
+static ucs_char_t next_hfs_char(const char **in)
+{
+	while (1) {
+		ucs_char_t out = pick_one_utf8_char(in, NULL);
+		/*
+		 * check for malformed utf8. Technically this
+		 * gets converted to a percent-sequence, but
+		 * returning 0 is good enough for is_hfs_dotgit
+		 * to realize it cannot be .git
+		 */
+		if (!*in)
+			return 0;
+
+		/* these code points are ignored completely */
+		switch (out) {
+		case 0x200c: /* ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER */
+		case 0x200d: /* ZERO WIDTH JOINER */
+		case 0x200e: /* LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK */
+		case 0x200f: /* RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK */
+		case 0x202a: /* LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING */
+		case 0x202b: /* RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING */
+		case 0x202c: /* POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING */
+		case 0x202d: /* LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE */
+		case 0x202e: /* RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE */
+		case 0x206a: /* INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING */
+		case 0x206b: /* ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING */
+		case 0x206c: /* INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING */
+		case 0x206d: /* ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING */
+		case 0x206e: /* NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES */
+		case 0x206f: /* NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES */
+		case 0xfeff: /* ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		return out;
+	}
+}
+
+int is_hfs_dotgit(const char *path)
+{
+	ucs_char_t c;
+
+	c = next_hfs_char(&path);
+	if (c != '.')
+		return 0;
+	c = next_hfs_char(&path);
+
+	/*
+	 * there's a great deal of other case-folding that occurs
+	 * in HFS+, but this is enough to catch anything that will
+	 * convert to ".git"
+	 */
+	if (c != 'g' && c != 'G')
+		return 0;
+	c = next_hfs_char(&path);
+	if (c != 'i' && c != 'I')
+		return 0;
+	c = next_hfs_char(&path);
+	if (c != 't' && c != 'T')
+		return 0;
+	c = next_hfs_char(&path);
+	if (c && !is_dir_sep(c))
+		return 0;
+
+	return 1;
+}
diff --git a/utf8.h b/utf8.h
index 81f2c82fab..e4d9183c5f 100644
--- a/utf8.h
+++ b/utf8.h
@@ -3,20 +3,51 @@
 
 typedef unsigned int ucs_char_t;  /* assuming 32bit int */
 
+size_t display_mode_esc_sequence_len(const char *s);
 int utf8_width(const char **start, size_t *remainder_p);
+int utf8_strnwidth(const char *string, int len, int skip_ansi);
 int utf8_strwidth(const char *string);
 int is_utf8(const char *text);
 int is_encoding_utf8(const char *name);
+int same_encoding(const char *, const char *);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)))
+int utf8_fprintf(FILE *, const char *, ...);
 
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_text(struct strbuf *buf,
 		const char *text, int indent, int indent2, int width);
-int strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
+void strbuf_add_wrapped_bytes(struct strbuf *buf, const char *data, int len,
 			     int indent, int indent2, int width);
+void strbuf_utf8_replace(struct strbuf *sb, int pos, int width,
+			 const char *subst);
 
 #ifndef NO_ICONV
-char *reencode_string(const char *in, const char *out_encoding, const char *in_encoding);
+char *reencode_string_iconv(const char *in, size_t insz,
+			    iconv_t conv, int *outsz);
+char *reencode_string_len(const char *in, int insz,
+			  const char *out_encoding,
+			  const char *in_encoding,
+			  int *outsz);
 #else
-#define reencode_string(a,b,c) NULL
+#define reencode_string_len(a,b,c,d,e) NULL
 #endif
 
+static inline char *reencode_string(const char *in,
+				    const char *out_encoding,
+				    const char *in_encoding)
+{
+	return reencode_string_len(in, strlen(in),
+				   out_encoding, in_encoding,
+				   NULL);
+}
+
+int mbs_chrlen(const char **text, size_t *remainder_p, const char *encoding);
+
+/*
+ * Returns true if the the path would match ".git" after HFS case-folding.
+ * The path should be NUL-terminated, but we will match variants of both ".git\0"
+ * and ".git/..." (but _not_ ".../.git"). This makes it suitable for both fsck
+ * and verify_path().
+ */
+int is_hfs_dotgit(const char *path);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/varint.c b/varint.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..409c4977a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/varint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "varint.h"
+
+uintmax_t decode_varint(const unsigned char **bufp)
+{
+	const unsigned char *buf = *bufp;
+	unsigned char c = *buf++;
+	uintmax_t val = c & 127;
+	while (c & 128) {
+		val += 1;
+		if (!val || MSB(val, 7))
+			return 0; /* overflow */
+		c = *buf++;
+		val = (val << 7) + (c & 127);
+	}
+	*bufp = buf;
+	return val;
+}
+
+int encode_varint(uintmax_t value, unsigned char *buf)
+{
+	unsigned char varint[16];
+	unsigned pos = sizeof(varint) - 1;
+	varint[pos] = value & 127;
+	while (value >>= 7)
+		varint[--pos] = 128 | (--value & 127);
+	if (buf)
+		memcpy(buf, varint + pos, sizeof(varint) - pos);
+	return sizeof(varint) - pos;
+}
diff --git a/varint.h b/varint.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1c44d9a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/varint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef VARINT_H
+#define VARINT_H
+
+extern int encode_varint(uintmax_t, unsigned char *);
+extern uintmax_t decode_varint(const unsigned char **);
+
+#endif /* VARINT_H */
diff --git a/vcs-svn/fast_export.c b/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
index b823b8519c..bd0f2c2b86 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/fast_export.c
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
  * See LICENSE for details.
  */
 
-#include "git-compat-util.h"
-#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "cache.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "fast_export.h"
 #include "repo_tree.h"
@@ -42,11 +41,6 @@ void fast_export_deinit(void)
 		die_errno("error closing fast-import feedback stream");
 }
 
-void fast_export_reset(void)
-{
-	buffer_reset(&report_buffer);
-}
-
 void fast_export_delete(const char *path)
 {
 	putchar('D');
@@ -73,11 +67,33 @@ void fast_export_modify(const char *path, uint32_t mode, const char *dataref)
 	putchar('\n');
 }
 
+void fast_export_begin_note(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
+		const char *log, unsigned long timestamp, const char *note_ref)
+{
+	static int firstnote = 1;
+	size_t loglen = strlen(log);
+	printf("commit %s\n", note_ref);
+	printf("committer %s <%s@%s> %ld +0000\n", author, author, "local", timestamp);
+	printf("data %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t)loglen);
+	fwrite(log, loglen, 1, stdout);
+	if (firstnote) {
+		if (revision > 1)
+			printf("from %s^0", note_ref);
+		firstnote = 0;
+	}
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
+
+void fast_export_note(const char *committish, const char *dataref)
+{
+	printf("N %s %s\n", dataref, committish);
+}
+
 static char gitsvnline[MAX_GITSVN_LINE_LEN];
 void fast_export_begin_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
 			const struct strbuf *log,
 			const char *uuid, const char *url,
-			unsigned long timestamp)
+			unsigned long timestamp, const char *local_ref)
 {
 	static const struct strbuf empty = STRBUF_INIT;
 	if (!log)
@@ -89,7 +105,7 @@ void fast_export_begin_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
 	} else {
 		*gitsvnline = '\0';
 	}
-	printf("commit refs/heads/master\n");
+	printf("commit %s\n", local_ref);
 	printf("mark :%"PRIu32"\n", revision);
 	printf("committer %s <%s@%s> %ld +0000\n",
 		   *author ? author : "nobody",
@@ -146,24 +162,15 @@ static void die_short_read(struct line_buffer *input)
 	die("invalid dump: unexpected end of file");
 }
 
-static int ends_with(const char *s, size_t len, const char *suffix)
-{
-	const size_t suffixlen = strlen(suffix);
-	if (len < suffixlen)
-		return 0;
-	return !memcmp(s + len - suffixlen, suffix, suffixlen);
-}
-
 static int parse_cat_response_line(const char *header, off_t *len)
 {
-	size_t headerlen = strlen(header);
 	uintmax_t n;
 	const char *type;
 	const char *end;
 
-	if (ends_with(header, headerlen, " missing"))
+	if (ends_with(header, " missing"))
 		return error("cat-blob reports missing blob: %s", header);
-	type = memmem(header, headerlen, " blob ", strlen(" blob "));
+	type = strstr(header, " blob ");
 	if (!type)
 		return error("cat-blob header has wrong object type: %s", header);
 	n = strtoumax(type + strlen(" blob "), (char **) &end, 10);
@@ -227,6 +234,13 @@ static long apply_delta(off_t len, struct line_buffer *input,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void fast_export_buf_to_data(const struct strbuf *data)
+{
+	printf("data %"PRIuMAX"\n", (uintmax_t)data->len);
+	fwrite(data->buf, data->len, 1, stdout);
+	fputc('\n', stdout);
+}
+
 void fast_export_data(uint32_t mode, off_t len, struct line_buffer *input)
 {
 	assert(len >= 0);
@@ -259,7 +273,7 @@ static int parse_ls_response(const char *response, uint32_t *mode,
 	}
 
 	/* Mode. */
-	if (response_end - response < strlen("100644") ||
+	if (response_end - response < (signed) strlen("100644") ||
 	    response[strlen("100644")] != ' ')
 		die("invalid ls response: missing mode: %s", response);
 	*mode = 0;
@@ -272,7 +286,7 @@ static int parse_ls_response(const char *response, uint32_t *mode,
 	}
 
 	/* ' blob ' or ' tree ' */
-	if (response_end - response < strlen(" blob ") ||
+	if (response_end - response < (signed) strlen(" blob ") ||
 	    (response[1] != 'b' && response[1] != 't'))
 		die("unexpected ls response: not a tree or blob: %s", response);
 	response += strlen(" blob ");
diff --git a/vcs-svn/fast_export.h b/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
index aa629f54ff..c8b5adb811 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/fast_export.h
@@ -6,15 +6,18 @@ struct line_buffer;
 
 void fast_export_init(int fd);
 void fast_export_deinit(void);
-void fast_export_reset(void);
 
 void fast_export_delete(const char *path);
 void fast_export_modify(const char *path, uint32_t mode, const char *dataref);
+void fast_export_note(const char *committish, const char *dataref);
+void fast_export_begin_note(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
+		const char *log, unsigned long timestamp, const char *note_ref);
 void fast_export_begin_commit(uint32_t revision, const char *author,
-			const struct strbuf *log, const char *uuid,
-			const char *url, unsigned long timestamp);
+			const struct strbuf *log, const char *uuid,const char *url,
+			unsigned long timestamp, const char *local_ref);
 void fast_export_end_commit(uint32_t revision);
 void fast_export_data(uint32_t mode, off_t len, struct line_buffer *input);
+void fast_export_buf_to_data(const struct strbuf *data);
 void fast_export_blob_delta(uint32_t mode,
 			uint32_t old_mode, const char *old_data,
 			off_t len, struct line_buffer *input);
diff --git a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c
index 01fcb842f1..57cc1cec03 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.c
@@ -124,7 +124,3 @@ off_t buffer_skip_bytes(struct line_buffer *buf, off_t nbytes)
 	}
 	return done;
 }
-
-void buffer_reset(struct line_buffer *buf)
-{
-}
diff --git a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
index 8901f214ba..ee23b4f490 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/line_buffer.h
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ struct line_buffer {
 int buffer_init(struct line_buffer *buf, const char *filename);
 int buffer_fdinit(struct line_buffer *buf, int fd);
 int buffer_deinit(struct line_buffer *buf);
-void buffer_reset(struct line_buffer *buf);
 
 int buffer_tmpfile_init(struct line_buffer *buf);
 FILE *buffer_tmpfile_rewind(struct line_buffer *buf);	/* prepare to write. */
diff --git a/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c b/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c
index ec2707c9c4..f11d490995 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/sliding_window.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ int move_window(struct sliding_view *view, off_t off, size_t width)
 		return -1;
 	if (off < view->off || off + width < view->off + view->width)
 		return error("invalid delta: window slides left");
-	if (view->max_off >= 0 && view->max_off < off + width)
+	if (view->max_off >= 0 && view->max_off < off + (off_t) width)
 		return error("delta preimage ends early");
 
 	file_offset = view->off + view->buf.len;
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndiff.c b/vcs-svn/svndiff.c
index 1647c1a780..74c97c4543 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/svndiff.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndiff.c
@@ -77,8 +77,9 @@ static int error_short_read(struct line_buffer *input)
 static int read_chunk(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t *delta_len,
 		      struct strbuf *buf, size_t len)
 {
+	assert(*delta_len >= 0);
 	strbuf_reset(buf);
-	if (len > *delta_len ||
+	if (len > (uintmax_t) *delta_len ||
 	    buffer_read_binary(delta, buf, len) != len)
 		return error_short_read(delta);
 	*delta_len -= buf->len;
@@ -258,6 +259,7 @@ static int apply_window_in_core(struct window *ctx)
 static int apply_one_window(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t *delta_len,
 			    struct sliding_view *preimage, FILE *out)
 {
+	int rv = -1;
 	struct window ctx = WINDOW_INIT(preimage);
 	size_t out_len;
 	size_t instructions_len;
@@ -275,27 +277,26 @@ static int apply_one_window(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t *delta_len,
 	if (apply_window_in_core(&ctx))
 		goto error_out;
 	if (ctx.out.len != out_len) {
-		error("invalid delta: incorrect postimage length");
+		rv = error("invalid delta: incorrect postimage length");
 		goto error_out;
 	}
 	if (write_strbuf(&ctx.out, out))
 		goto error_out;
-	window_release(&ctx);
-	return 0;
+	rv = 0;
 error_out:
 	window_release(&ctx);
-	return -1;
+	return rv;
 }
 
 int svndiff0_apply(struct line_buffer *delta, off_t delta_len,
 			struct sliding_view *preimage, FILE *postimage)
 {
-	assert(delta && preimage && postimage);
+	assert(delta && preimage && postimage && delta_len >= 0);
 
 	if (read_magic(delta, &delta_len))
 		return -1;
 	while (delta_len) {	/* For each window: */
-		off_t pre_off = pre_off; /* stupid GCC... */
+		off_t pre_off = -1;
 		size_t pre_len;
 
 		if (read_offset(delta, &pre_off, &delta_len) ||
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndump.c b/vcs-svn/svndump.c
index 644fdc71ba..31d1d83d45 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/svndump.c
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndump.c
@@ -34,14 +34,13 @@
 #define NODE_CTX 2	/* node metadata */
 #define INTERNODE_CTX 3	/* between nodes */
 
-#define LENGTH_UNKNOWN (~0)
 #define DATE_RFC2822_LEN 31
 
 static struct line_buffer input = LINE_BUFFER_INIT;
 
 static struct {
-	uint32_t action, propLength, srcRev, type;
-	off_t text_length;
+	uint32_t action, srcRev, type;
+	off_t prop_length, text_length;
 	struct strbuf src, dst;
 	uint32_t text_delta, prop_delta;
 } node_ctx;
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ static struct {
 static struct {
 	uint32_t revision;
 	unsigned long timestamp;
-	struct strbuf log, author;
+	struct strbuf log, author, note;
 } rev_ctx;
 
 static struct {
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ static void reset_node_ctx(char *fname)
 {
 	node_ctx.type = 0;
 	node_ctx.action = NODEACT_UNKNOWN;
-	node_ctx.propLength = LENGTH_UNKNOWN;
+	node_ctx.prop_length = -1;
 	node_ctx.text_length = -1;
 	strbuf_reset(&node_ctx.src);
 	node_ctx.srcRev = 0;
@@ -78,6 +77,7 @@ static void reset_rev_ctx(uint32_t revision)
 	rev_ctx.timestamp = 0;
 	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.log);
 	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.author);
+	strbuf_reset(&rev_ctx.note);
 }
 
 static void reset_dump_ctx(const char *url)
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ static void read_props(void)
 		int ch;
 
 		if (!type || t[1] != ' ')
-			die("invalid property line: %s\n", t);
+			die("invalid property line: %s", t);
 		len = atoi(&t[2]);
 		strbuf_reset(&val);
 		buffer_read_binary(&input, &val, len);
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ static void read_props(void)
 			strbuf_reset(&key);
 			continue;
 		default:
-			die("invalid property line: %s\n", t);
+			die("invalid property line: %s", t);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ static void read_props(void)
 static void handle_node(void)
 {
 	const uint32_t type = node_ctx.type;
-	const int have_props = node_ctx.propLength != LENGTH_UNKNOWN;
+	const int have_props = node_ctx.prop_length != -1;
 	const int have_text = node_ctx.text_length != -1;
 	/*
 	 * Old text for this node:
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ static void handle_node(void)
 	if (have_props) {
 		if (!node_ctx.prop_delta)
 			node_ctx.type = type;
-		if (node_ctx.propLength)
+		if (node_ctx.prop_length)
 			read_props();
 	}
 
@@ -300,22 +300,29 @@ static void handle_node(void)
 				node_ctx.text_length, &input);
 }
 
-static void begin_revision(void)
+static void begin_revision(const char *remote_ref)
 {
 	if (!rev_ctx.revision)	/* revision 0 gets no git commit. */
 		return;
 	fast_export_begin_commit(rev_ctx.revision, rev_ctx.author.buf,
 		&rev_ctx.log, dump_ctx.uuid.buf, dump_ctx.url.buf,
-		rev_ctx.timestamp);
+		rev_ctx.timestamp, remote_ref);
 }
 
-static void end_revision(void)
+static void end_revision(const char *note_ref)
 {
-	if (rev_ctx.revision)
+	struct strbuf mark = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (rev_ctx.revision) {
 		fast_export_end_commit(rev_ctx.revision);
+		fast_export_begin_note(rev_ctx.revision, "remote-svn",
+				"Note created by remote-svn.", rev_ctx.timestamp, note_ref);
+		strbuf_addf(&mark, ":%"PRIu32, rev_ctx.revision);
+		fast_export_note(mark.buf, "inline");
+		fast_export_buf_to_data(&rev_ctx.note);
+	}
 }
 
-void svndump_read(const char *url)
+void svndump_read(const char *url, const char *local_ref, const char *notes_ref)
 {
 	char *val;
 	char *t;
@@ -354,26 +361,29 @@ void svndump_read(const char *url)
 			if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 				handle_node();
 			if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
-				begin_revision();
+				begin_revision(local_ref);
 			if (active_ctx != DUMP_CTX)
-				end_revision();
+				end_revision(notes_ref);
 			active_ctx = REV_CTX;
 			reset_rev_ctx(atoi(val));
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Node-path"):
-			if (prefixcmp(t, "Node-"))
+			if (constcmp(t, "Node-"))
 				continue;
 			if (!constcmp(t + strlen("Node-"), "path")) {
 				if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 					handle_node();
 				if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
-					begin_revision();
+					begin_revision(local_ref);
 				active_ctx = NODE_CTX;
 				reset_node_ctx(val);
+				strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 				break;
 			}
 			if (constcmp(t + strlen("Node-"), "kind"))
 				continue;
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			if (!strcmp(val, "dir"))
 				node_ctx.type = REPO_MODE_DIR;
 			else if (!strcmp(val, "file"))
@@ -384,6 +394,7 @@ void svndump_read(const char *url)
 		case sizeof("Node-action"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Node-action"))
 				continue;
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			if (!strcmp(val, "delete")) {
 				node_ctx.action = NODEACT_DELETE;
 			} else if (!strcmp(val, "add")) {
@@ -402,29 +413,35 @@ void svndump_read(const char *url)
 				continue;
 			strbuf_reset(&node_ctx.src);
 			strbuf_addstr(&node_ctx.src, val);
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Node-copyfrom-rev"):
 			if (constcmp(t, "Node-copyfrom-rev"))
 				continue;
 			node_ctx.srcRev = atoi(val);
+			strbuf_addf(&rev_ctx.note, "%s\n", t);
 			break;
 		case sizeof("Text-content-length"):
-			if (!constcmp(t, "Text-content-length")) {
+			if (constcmp(t, "Text") && constcmp(t, "Prop"))
+				continue;
+			if (constcmp(t + 4, "-content-length"))
+				continue;
+			{
 				char *end;
-				uintmax_t textlen;
+				uintmax_t len;
 
-				textlen = strtoumax(val, &end, 10);
+				len = strtoumax(val, &end, 10);
 				if (!isdigit(*val) || *end)
 					die("invalid dump: non-numeric length %s", val);
-				if (textlen > maximum_signed_value_of_type(off_t))
+				if (len > maximum_signed_value_of_type(off_t))
 					die("unrepresentable length in dump: %s", val);
-				node_ctx.text_length = (off_t) textlen;
+
+				if (*t == 'T')
+					node_ctx.text_length = (off_t) len;
+				else
+					node_ctx.prop_length = (off_t) len;
 				break;
 			}
-			if (constcmp(t, "Prop-content-length"))
-				continue;
-			node_ctx.propLength = atoi(val);
-			break;
 		case sizeof("Text-delta"):
 			if (!constcmp(t, "Text-delta")) {
 				node_ctx.text_delta = !strcmp(val, "true");
@@ -460,25 +477,40 @@ void svndump_read(const char *url)
 	if (active_ctx == NODE_CTX)
 		handle_node();
 	if (active_ctx == REV_CTX)
-		begin_revision();
+		begin_revision(local_ref);
 	if (active_ctx != DUMP_CTX)
-		end_revision();
+		end_revision(notes_ref);
 }
 
-int svndump_init(const char *filename)
+static void init(int report_fd)
 {
-	if (buffer_init(&input, filename))
-		return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
-	fast_export_init(REPORT_FILENO);
+	fast_export_init(report_fd);
 	strbuf_init(&dump_ctx.uuid, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&dump_ctx.url, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.log, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.author, 4096);
+	strbuf_init(&rev_ctx.note, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&node_ctx.src, 4096);
 	strbuf_init(&node_ctx.dst, 4096);
 	reset_dump_ctx(NULL);
 	reset_rev_ctx(0);
 	reset_node_ctx(NULL);
+	return;
+}
+
+int svndump_init(const char *filename)
+{
+	if (buffer_init(&input, filename))
+		return error("cannot open %s: %s", filename ? filename : "NULL", strerror(errno));
+	init(REPORT_FILENO);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int svndump_init_fd(int in_fd, int back_fd)
+{
+	if(buffer_fdinit(&input, xdup(in_fd)))
+		return error("cannot open fd %d: %s", in_fd, strerror(errno));
+	init(xdup(back_fd));
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -489,6 +521,8 @@ void svndump_deinit(void)
 	reset_rev_ctx(0);
 	reset_node_ctx(NULL);
 	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.log);
+	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.author);
+	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.note);
 	strbuf_release(&node_ctx.src);
 	strbuf_release(&node_ctx.dst);
 	if (buffer_deinit(&input))
@@ -499,8 +533,6 @@ void svndump_deinit(void)
 
 void svndump_reset(void)
 {
-	fast_export_reset();
-	buffer_reset(&input);
 	strbuf_release(&dump_ctx.uuid);
 	strbuf_release(&dump_ctx.url);
 	strbuf_release(&rev_ctx.log);
diff --git a/vcs-svn/svndump.h b/vcs-svn/svndump.h
index df9ceb0e8d..b8eb12954e 100644
--- a/vcs-svn/svndump.h
+++ b/vcs-svn/svndump.h
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 #define SVNDUMP_H_
 
 int svndump_init(const char *filename);
-void svndump_read(const char *url);
+int svndump_init_fd(int in_fd, int back_fd);
+void svndump_read(const char *url, const char *local_ref, const char *notes_ref);
 void svndump_deinit(void);
 void svndump_reset(void);
 
diff --git a/version.c b/version.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6106a8098c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/version.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "git-compat-util.h"
+#include "version.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+
+const char git_version_string[] = GIT_VERSION;
+
+const char *git_user_agent(void)
+{
+	static const char *agent = NULL;
+
+	if (!agent) {
+		agent = getenv("GIT_USER_AGENT");
+		if (!agent)
+			agent = GIT_USER_AGENT;
+	}
+
+	return agent;
+}
+
+const char *git_user_agent_sanitized(void)
+{
+	static const char *agent = NULL;
+
+	if (!agent) {
+		struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+		int i;
+
+		strbuf_addstr(&buf, git_user_agent());
+		strbuf_trim(&buf);
+		for (i = 0; i < buf.len; i++) {
+			if (buf.buf[i] <= 32 || buf.buf[i] >= 127)
+				buf.buf[i] = '.';
+		}
+		agent = buf.buf;
+	}
+
+	return agent;
+}
diff --git a/version.h b/version.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6911a4f155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/version.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef VERSION_H
+#define VERSION_H
+
+extern const char git_version_string[];
+
+const char *git_user_agent(void);
+const char *git_user_agent_sanitized(void);
+
+#endif /* VERSION_H */
diff --git a/versioncmp.c b/versioncmp.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80bfd109fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/versioncmp.c
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "string-list.h"
+
+/*
+ * versioncmp(): copied from string/strverscmp.c in glibc commit
+ * ee9247c38a8def24a59eb5cfb7196a98bef8cfdc, reformatted to Git coding
+ * style. The implementation is under LGPL-2.1 and Git relicenses it
+ * to GPLv2.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * states: S_N: normal, S_I: comparing integral part, S_F: comparing
+ * fractionnal parts, S_Z: idem but with leading Zeroes only
+ */
+#define  S_N    0x0
+#define  S_I    0x3
+#define  S_F    0x6
+#define  S_Z    0x9
+
+/* result_type: CMP: return diff; LEN: compare using len_diff/diff */
+#define  CMP    2
+#define  LEN    3
+
+static const struct string_list *prereleases;
+static int initialized;
+
+/*
+ * p1 and p2 point to the first different character in two strings. If
+ * either p1 or p2 starts with a prerelease suffix, it will be forced
+ * to be on top.
+ *
+ * If both p1 and p2 start with (different) suffix, the order is
+ * determined by config file.
+ *
+ * Note that we don't have to deal with the situation when both p1 and
+ * p2 start with the same suffix because the common part is already
+ * consumed by the caller.
+ *
+ * Return non-zero if *diff contains the return value for versioncmp()
+ */
+static int swap_prereleases(const void *p1_,
+			    const void *p2_,
+			    int *diff)
+{
+	const char *p1 = p1_;
+	const char *p2 = p2_;
+	int i, i1 = -1, i2 = -1;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < prereleases->nr; i++) {
+		const char *suffix = prereleases->items[i].string;
+		if (i1 == -1 && starts_with(p1, suffix))
+			i1 = i;
+		if (i2 == -1 && starts_with(p2, suffix))
+			i2 = i;
+	}
+	if (i1 == -1 && i2 == -1)
+		return 0;
+	if (i1 >= 0 && i2 >= 0)
+		*diff = i1 - i2;
+	else if (i1 >= 0)
+		*diff = -1;
+	else /* if (i2 >= 0) */
+		*diff = 1;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare S1 and S2 as strings holding indices/version numbers,
+ * returning less than, equal to or greater than zero if S1 is less
+ * than, equal to or greater than S2 (for more info, see the texinfo
+ * doc).
+ */
+
+int versioncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
+{
+	const unsigned char *p1 = (const unsigned char *) s1;
+	const unsigned char *p2 = (const unsigned char *) s2;
+	unsigned char c1, c2;
+	int state, diff;
+
+	/*
+	 * Symbol(s)    0       [1-9]   others
+	 * Transition   (10) 0  (01) d  (00) x
+	 */
+	static const uint8_t next_state[] = {
+		/* state    x    d    0  */
+		/* S_N */  S_N, S_I, S_Z,
+		/* S_I */  S_N, S_I, S_I,
+		/* S_F */  S_N, S_F, S_F,
+		/* S_Z */  S_N, S_F, S_Z
+	};
+
+	static const int8_t result_type[] = {
+		/* state   x/x  x/d  x/0  d/x  d/d  d/0  0/x  0/d  0/0  */
+
+		/* S_N */  CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, LEN, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP,
+		/* S_I */  CMP, -1,  -1,  +1,  LEN, LEN, +1,  LEN, LEN,
+		/* S_F */  CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP, CMP,
+		/* S_Z */  CMP, +1,  +1,  -1,  CMP, CMP, -1,  CMP, CMP
+	};
+
+	if (p1 == p2)
+		return 0;
+
+	c1 = *p1++;
+	c2 = *p2++;
+	/* Hint: '0' is a digit too.  */
+	state = S_N + ((c1 == '0') + (isdigit (c1) != 0));
+
+	while ((diff = c1 - c2) == 0) {
+		if (c1 == '\0')
+			return diff;
+
+		state = next_state[state];
+		c1 = *p1++;
+		c2 = *p2++;
+		state += (c1 == '0') + (isdigit (c1) != 0);
+	}
+
+	if (!initialized) {
+		initialized = 1;
+		prereleases = git_config_get_value_multi("versionsort.prereleasesuffix");
+	}
+	if (prereleases && swap_prereleases(p1 - 1, p2 - 1, &diff))
+		return diff;
+
+	state = result_type[state * 3 + (((c2 == '0') + (isdigit (c2) != 0)))];
+
+	switch (state) {
+	case CMP:
+		return diff;
+
+	case LEN:
+		while (isdigit (*p1++))
+			if (!isdigit (*p2++))
+				return 1;
+
+		return isdigit (*p2) ? -1 : diff;
+
+	default:
+		return state;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/walker.c b/walker.c
index be389dc9bf..58ffeca264 100644
--- a/walker.c
+++ b/walker.c
@@ -56,13 +56,11 @@ static int process_tree(struct walker *walker, struct tree *tree)
 		if (!obj || process(walker, obj))
 			return -1;
 	}
-	free(tree->buffer);
-	tree->buffer = NULL;
-	tree->size = 0;
-	tree->object.parsed = 0;
+	free_tree_buffer(tree);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
 #define COMPLETE	(1U << 0)
 #define SEEN		(1U << 1)
 #define TO_SCAN		(1U << 2)
@@ -207,7 +205,7 @@ static int mark_complete(const char *path, const unsigned char *sha1, int flag,
 	struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1);
 	if (commit) {
 		commit->object.flags |= COMPLETE;
-		commit_list_insert_by_date(commit, &complete);
+		commit_list_insert(commit, &complete);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -230,11 +228,11 @@ int walker_targets_stdin(char ***target, const char ***write_ref)
 
 		if (targets >= targets_alloc) {
 			targets_alloc = targets_alloc ? targets_alloc * 2 : 64;
-			*target = xrealloc(*target, targets_alloc * sizeof(**target));
-			*write_ref = xrealloc(*write_ref, targets_alloc * sizeof(**write_ref));
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(*target, targets_alloc);
+			REALLOC_ARRAY(*write_ref, targets_alloc);
 		}
 		(*target)[targets] = xstrdup(tg_one);
-		(*write_ref)[targets] = rf_one ? xstrdup(rf_one) : NULL;
+		(*write_ref)[targets] = xstrdup_or_null(rf_one);
 		targets++;
 	}
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
@@ -253,64 +251,75 @@ void walker_targets_free(int targets, char **target, const char **write_ref)
 int walker_fetch(struct walker *walker, int targets, char **target,
 		 const char **write_ref, const char *write_ref_log_details)
 {
-	struct ref_lock **lock = xcalloc(targets, sizeof(struct ref_lock *));
+	struct strbuf refname = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct ref_transaction *transaction = NULL;
 	unsigned char *sha1 = xmalloc(targets * 20);
-	char *msg;
-	int ret;
-	int i;
+	char *msg = NULL;
+	int i, ret = -1;
 
 	save_commit_buffer = 0;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
-		if (!write_ref || !write_ref[i])
-			continue;
-
-		lock[i] = lock_ref_sha1(write_ref[i], NULL);
-		if (!lock[i]) {
-			error("Can't lock ref %s", write_ref[i]);
-			goto unlock_and_fail;
+	if (write_ref) {
+		transaction = ref_transaction_begin(&err);
+		if (!transaction) {
+			error("%s", err.buf);
+			goto done;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!walker->get_recover)
+	if (!walker->get_recover) {
 		for_each_ref(mark_complete, NULL);
+		commit_list_sort_by_date(&complete);
+	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
 		if (interpret_target(walker, target[i], &sha1[20 * i])) {
 			error("Could not interpret response from server '%s' as something to pull", target[i]);
-			goto unlock_and_fail;
+			goto done;
 		}
 		if (process(walker, lookup_unknown_object(&sha1[20 * i])))
-			goto unlock_and_fail;
+			goto done;
 	}
 
 	if (loop(walker))
-		goto unlock_and_fail;
-
+		goto done;
+	if (!write_ref) {
+		ret = 0;
+		goto done;
+	}
 	if (write_ref_log_details) {
-		msg = xmalloc(strlen(write_ref_log_details) + 12);
-		sprintf(msg, "fetch from %s", write_ref_log_details);
+		msg = xstrfmt("fetch from %s", write_ref_log_details);
 	} else {
 		msg = NULL;
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++) {
-		if (!write_ref || !write_ref[i])
+		if (!write_ref[i])
 			continue;
-		ret = write_ref_sha1(lock[i], &sha1[20 * i], msg ? msg : "fetch (unknown)");
-		lock[i] = NULL;
-		if (ret)
-			goto unlock_and_fail;
+		strbuf_reset(&refname);
+		strbuf_addf(&refname, "refs/%s", write_ref[i]);
+		if (ref_transaction_update(transaction, refname.buf,
+					   &sha1[20 * i], NULL, 0,
+					   msg ? msg : "fetch (unknown)",
+					   &err)) {
+			error("%s", err.buf);
+			goto done;
+		}
+	}
+	if (ref_transaction_commit(transaction, &err)) {
+		error("%s", err.buf);
+		goto done;
 	}
-	free(msg);
-
-	return 0;
 
-unlock_and_fail:
-	for (i = 0; i < targets; i++)
-		if (lock[i])
-			unlock_ref(lock[i]);
+	ret = 0;
 
-	return -1;
+done:
+	ref_transaction_free(transaction);
+	free(msg);
+	free(sha1);
+	strbuf_release(&err);
+	strbuf_release(&refname);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void walker_free(struct walker *walker)
diff --git a/wildmatch.c b/wildmatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f91ba99f32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wildmatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+**  Do shell-style pattern matching for ?, \, [], and * characters.
+**  It is 8bit clean.
+**
+**  Written by Rich $alz, mirror!rs, Wed Nov 26 19:03:17 EST 1986.
+**  Rich $alz is now <rsalz@bbn.com>.
+**
+**  Modified by Wayne Davison to special-case '/' matching, to make '**'
+**  work differently than '*', and to fix the character-class code.
+*/
+
+#include "cache.h"
+#include "wildmatch.h"
+
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+
+/* What character marks an inverted character class? */
+#define NEGATE_CLASS	'!'
+#define NEGATE_CLASS2	'^'
+
+#define CC_EQ(class, len, litmatch) ((len) == sizeof (litmatch)-1 \
+				    && *(class) == *(litmatch) \
+				    && strncmp((char*)class, litmatch, len) == 0)
+
+#if defined STDC_HEADERS || !defined isascii
+# define ISASCII(c) 1
+#else
+# define ISASCII(c) isascii(c)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isblank
+# define ISBLANK(c) (ISASCII(c) && isblank(c))
+#else
+# define ISBLANK(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
+#endif
+
+#ifdef isgraph
+# define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII(c) && isgraph(c))
+#else
+# define ISGRAPH(c) (ISASCII(c) && isprint(c) && !isspace(c))
+#endif
+
+#define ISPRINT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isprint(c))
+#define ISDIGIT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isdigit(c))
+#define ISALNUM(c) (ISASCII(c) && isalnum(c))
+#define ISALPHA(c) (ISASCII(c) && isalpha(c))
+#define ISCNTRL(c) (ISASCII(c) && iscntrl(c))
+#define ISLOWER(c) (ISASCII(c) && islower(c))
+#define ISPUNCT(c) (ISASCII(c) && ispunct(c))
+#define ISSPACE(c) (ISASCII(c) && isspace(c))
+#define ISUPPER(c) (ISASCII(c) && isupper(c))
+#define ISXDIGIT(c) (ISASCII(c) && isxdigit(c))
+
+/* Match pattern "p" against "text" */
+static int dowild(const uchar *p, const uchar *text, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	uchar p_ch;
+	const uchar *pattern = p;
+
+	for ( ; (p_ch = *p) != '\0'; text++, p++) {
+		int matched, match_slash, negated;
+		uchar t_ch, prev_ch;
+		if ((t_ch = *text) == '\0' && p_ch != '*')
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+			t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+		if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+			p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+		switch (p_ch) {
+		case '\\':
+			/* Literal match with following character.  Note that the test
+			 * in "default" handles the p[1] == '\0' failure case. */
+			p_ch = *++p;
+			/* FALLTHROUGH */
+		default:
+			if (t_ch != p_ch)
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '?':
+			/* Match anything but '/'. */
+			if ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/')
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		case '*':
+			if (*++p == '*') {
+				const uchar *prev_p = p - 2;
+				while (*++p == '*') {}
+				if (!(flags & WM_PATHNAME))
+					/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+					match_slash = 1;
+				else if ((prev_p < pattern || *prev_p == '/') &&
+				    (*p == '\0' || *p == '/' ||
+				     (p[0] == '\\' && p[1] == '/'))) {
+					/*
+					 * Assuming we already match 'foo/' and are at
+					 * <star star slash>, just assume it matches
+					 * nothing and go ahead match the rest of the
+					 * pattern with the remaining string. This
+					 * helps make foo/<*><*>/bar (<> because
+					 * otherwise it breaks C comment syntax) match
+					 * both foo/bar and foo/a/bar.
+					 */
+					if (p[0] == '/' &&
+					    dowild(p + 1, text, flags) == WM_MATCH)
+						return WM_MATCH;
+					match_slash = 1;
+				} else
+					return WM_ABORT_MALFORMED;
+			} else
+				/* without WM_PATHNAME, '*' == '**' */
+				match_slash = flags & WM_PATHNAME ? 0 : 1;
+			if (*p == '\0') {
+				/* Trailing "**" matches everything.  Trailing "*" matches
+				 * only if there are no more slash characters. */
+				if (!match_slash) {
+					if (strchr((char*)text, '/') != NULL)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				return WM_MATCH;
+			} else if (!match_slash && *p == '/') {
+				/*
+				 * _one_ asterisk followed by a slash
+				 * with WM_PATHNAME matches the next
+				 * directory
+				 */
+				const char *slash = strchr((char*)text, '/');
+				if (!slash)
+					return WM_NOMATCH;
+				text = (const uchar*)slash;
+				/* the slash is consumed by the top-level for loop */
+				break;
+			}
+			while (1) {
+				if (t_ch == '\0')
+					break;
+				/*
+				 * Try to advance faster when an asterisk is
+				 * followed by a literal. We know in this case
+				 * that the the string before the literal
+				 * must belong to "*".
+				 * If match_slash is false, do not look past
+				 * the first slash as it cannot belong to '*'.
+				 */
+				if (!is_glob_special(*p)) {
+					p_ch = *p;
+					if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(p_ch))
+						p_ch = tolower(p_ch);
+					while ((t_ch = *text) != '\0' &&
+					       (match_slash || t_ch != '/')) {
+						if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							t_ch = tolower(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							break;
+						text++;
+					}
+					if (t_ch != p_ch)
+						return WM_NOMATCH;
+				}
+				if ((matched = dowild(p, text, flags)) != WM_NOMATCH) {
+					if (!match_slash || matched != WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR)
+						return matched;
+				} else if (!match_slash && t_ch == '/')
+					return WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR;
+				t_ch = *++text;
+			}
+			return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+		case '[':
+			p_ch = *++p;
+#ifdef NEGATE_CLASS2
+			if (p_ch == NEGATE_CLASS2)
+				p_ch = NEGATE_CLASS;
+#endif
+			/* Assign literal 1/0 because of "matched" comparison. */
+			negated = p_ch == NEGATE_CLASS ? 1 : 0;
+			if (negated) {
+				/* Inverted character class. */
+				p_ch = *++p;
+			}
+			prev_ch = 0;
+			matched = 0;
+			do {
+				if (!p_ch)
+					return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+				if (p_ch == '\\') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					if (t_ch == p_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+				} else if (p_ch == '-' && prev_ch && p[1] && p[1] != ']') {
+					p_ch = *++p;
+					if (p_ch == '\\') {
+						p_ch = *++p;
+						if (!p_ch)
+							return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					}
+					if (t_ch <= p_ch && t_ch >= prev_ch)
+						matched = 1;
+					else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch)) {
+						uchar t_ch_upper = toupper(t_ch);
+						if (t_ch_upper <= p_ch && t_ch_upper >= prev_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+					}
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (p_ch == '[' && p[1] == ':') {
+					const uchar *s;
+					int i;
+					for (s = p += 2; (p_ch = *p) && p_ch != ']'; p++) {} /*SHARED ITERATOR*/
+					if (!p_ch)
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					i = p - s - 1;
+					if (i < 0 || p[-1] != ':') {
+						/* Didn't find ":]", so treat like a normal set. */
+						p = s - 2;
+						p_ch = '[';
+						if (t_ch == p_ch)
+							matched = 1;
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alnum")) {
+						if (ISALNUM(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "alpha")) {
+						if (ISALPHA(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "blank")) {
+						if (ISBLANK(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "cntrl")) {
+						if (ISCNTRL(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "digit")) {
+						if (ISDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "graph")) {
+						if (ISGRAPH(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "lower")) {
+						if (ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "print")) {
+						if (ISPRINT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "punct")) {
+						if (ISPUNCT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "space")) {
+						if (ISSPACE(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "upper")) {
+						if (ISUPPER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+						else if ((flags & WM_CASEFOLD) && ISLOWER(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else if (CC_EQ(s,i, "xdigit")) {
+						if (ISXDIGIT(t_ch))
+							matched = 1;
+					} else /* malformed [:class:] string */
+						return WM_ABORT_ALL;
+					p_ch = 0; /* This makes "prev_ch" get set to 0. */
+				} else if (t_ch == p_ch)
+					matched = 1;
+			} while (prev_ch = p_ch, (p_ch = *++p) != ']');
+			if (matched == negated ||
+			    ((flags & WM_PATHNAME) && t_ch == '/'))
+				return WM_NOMATCH;
+			continue;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return *text ? WM_NOMATCH : WM_MATCH;
+}
+
+/* Match the "pattern" against the "text" string. */
+int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text,
+	      unsigned int flags, struct wildopts *wo)
+{
+	return dowild((const uchar*)pattern, (const uchar*)text, flags);
+}
diff --git a/wildmatch.h b/wildmatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4090c8f4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wildmatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef WILDMATCH_H
+#define WILDMATCH_H
+
+#define WM_CASEFOLD 1
+#define WM_PATHNAME 2
+
+#define WM_ABORT_MALFORMED 2
+#define WM_NOMATCH 1
+#define WM_MATCH 0
+#define WM_ABORT_ALL -1
+#define WM_ABORT_TO_STARSTAR -2
+
+struct wildopts;
+
+int wildmatch(const char *pattern, const char *text,
+	      unsigned int flags,
+	      struct wildopts *wo);
+#endif
diff --git a/wrap-for-bin.sh b/wrap-for-bin.sh
index 53a8dd0a3f..701d2339b9 100644
--- a/wrap-for-bin.sh
+++ b/wrap-for-bin.sh
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ else
 	GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR='@@BUILD_DIR@@/templates/blt'
 	export GIT_TEMPLATE_DIR
 fi
-GITPERLLIB='@@BUILD_DIR@@/perl/blib/lib'
+GITPERLLIB='@@BUILD_DIR@@/perl/blib/lib'"${GITPERLLIB:+:$GITPERLLIB}"
 GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR='@@BUILD_DIR@@/po/build/locale'
 PATH='@@BUILD_DIR@@/bin-wrappers:'"$PATH"
 export GIT_EXEC_PATH GITPERLLIB PATH GIT_TEXTDOMAINDIR
diff --git a/wrapper.c b/wrapper.c
index 85f09df747..d5a6cef2be 100644
--- a/wrapper.c
+++ b/wrapper.c
@@ -9,6 +9,26 @@ static void do_nothing(size_t size)
 
 static void (*try_to_free_routine)(size_t size) = do_nothing;
 
+static int memory_limit_check(size_t size, int gentle)
+{
+	static size_t limit = 0;
+	if (!limit) {
+		limit = git_env_ulong("GIT_ALLOC_LIMIT", 0);
+		if (!limit)
+			limit = SIZE_MAX;
+	}
+	if (size > limit) {
+		if (gentle) {
+			error("attempting to allocate %"PRIuMAX" over limit %"PRIuMAX,
+			      (uintmax_t)size, (uintmax_t)limit);
+			return -1;
+		} else
+			die("attempting to allocate %"PRIuMAX" over limit %"PRIuMAX,
+			    (uintmax_t)size, (uintmax_t)limit);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 try_to_free_t set_try_to_free_routine(try_to_free_t routine)
 {
 	try_to_free_t old = try_to_free_routine;
@@ -30,9 +50,13 @@ char *xstrdup(const char *str)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-void *xmalloc(size_t size)
+static void *do_xmalloc(size_t size, int gentle)
 {
-	void *ret = malloc(size);
+	void *ret;
+
+	if (memory_limit_check(size, gentle))
+		return NULL;
+	ret = malloc(size);
 	if (!ret && !size)
 		ret = malloc(1);
 	if (!ret) {
@@ -40,9 +64,16 @@ void *xmalloc(size_t size)
 		ret = malloc(size);
 		if (!ret && !size)
 			ret = malloc(1);
-		if (!ret)
-			die("Out of memory, malloc failed (tried to allocate %lu bytes)",
-			    (unsigned long)size);
+		if (!ret) {
+			if (!gentle)
+				die("Out of memory, malloc failed (tried to allocate %lu bytes)",
+				    (unsigned long)size);
+			else {
+				error("Out of memory, malloc failed (tried to allocate %lu bytes)",
+				      (unsigned long)size);
+				return NULL;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 #ifdef XMALLOC_POISON
 	memset(ret, 0xA5, size);
@@ -50,16 +81,37 @@ void *xmalloc(size_t size)
 	return ret;
 }
 
-void *xmallocz(size_t size)
+void *xmalloc(size_t size)
+{
+	return do_xmalloc(size, 0);
+}
+
+static void *do_xmallocz(size_t size, int gentle)
 {
 	void *ret;
-	if (unsigned_add_overflows(size, 1))
-		die("Data too large to fit into virtual memory space.");
-	ret = xmalloc(size + 1);
-	((char*)ret)[size] = 0;
+	if (unsigned_add_overflows(size, 1)) {
+		if (gentle) {
+			error("Data too large to fit into virtual memory space.");
+			return NULL;
+		} else
+			die("Data too large to fit into virtual memory space.");
+	}
+	ret = do_xmalloc(size + 1, gentle);
+	if (ret)
+		((char*)ret)[size] = 0;
 	return ret;
 }
 
+void *xmallocz(size_t size)
+{
+	return do_xmallocz(size, 0);
+}
+
+void *xmallocz_gently(size_t size)
+{
+	return do_xmallocz(size, 1);
+}
+
 /*
  * xmemdupz() allocates (len + 1) bytes of memory, duplicates "len" bytes of
  * "data" to the allocated memory, zero terminates the allocated memory,
@@ -79,7 +131,10 @@ char *xstrndup(const char *str, size_t len)
 
 void *xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
 {
-	void *ret = realloc(ptr, size);
+	void *ret;
+
+	memory_limit_check(size, 0);
+	ret = realloc(ptr, size);
 	if (!ret && !size)
 		ret = realloc(ptr, 1);
 	if (!ret) {
@@ -95,7 +150,10 @@ void *xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
 
 void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
 {
-	void *ret = calloc(nmemb, size);
+	void *ret;
+
+	memory_limit_check(size * nmemb, 0);
+	ret = calloc(nmemb, size);
 	if (!ret && (!nmemb || !size))
 		ret = calloc(1, 1);
 	if (!ret) {
@@ -110,6 +168,28 @@ void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Limit size of IO chunks, because huge chunks only cause pain.  OS X
+ * 64-bit is buggy, returning EINVAL if len >= INT_MAX; and even in
+ * the absence of bugs, large chunks can result in bad latencies when
+ * you decide to kill the process.
+ *
+ * We pick 8 MiB as our default, but if the platform defines SSIZE_MAX
+ * that is smaller than that, clip it to SSIZE_MAX, as a call to
+ * read(2) or write(2) larger than that is allowed to fail.  As the last
+ * resort, we allow a port to pass via CFLAGS e.g. "-DMAX_IO_SIZE=value"
+ * to override this, if the definition of SSIZE_MAX given by the platform
+ * is broken.
+ */
+#ifndef MAX_IO_SIZE
+# define MAX_IO_SIZE_DEFAULT (8*1024*1024)
+# if defined(SSIZE_MAX) && (SSIZE_MAX < MAX_IO_SIZE_DEFAULT)
+#  define MAX_IO_SIZE SSIZE_MAX
+# else
+#  define MAX_IO_SIZE MAX_IO_SIZE_DEFAULT
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/*
  * xread() is the same a read(), but it automatically restarts read()
  * operations with a recoverable error (EAGAIN and EINTR). xread()
  * DOES NOT GUARANTEE that "len" bytes is read even if the data is available.
@@ -117,6 +197,8 @@ void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
 ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	ssize_t nr;
+	if (len > MAX_IO_SIZE)
+	    len = MAX_IO_SIZE;
 	while (1) {
 		nr = read(fd, buf, len);
 		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
@@ -133,6 +215,8 @@ ssize_t xread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len)
 ssize_t xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 {
 	ssize_t nr;
+	if (len > MAX_IO_SIZE)
+	    len = MAX_IO_SIZE;
 	while (1) {
 		nr = write(fd, buf, len);
 		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
@@ -141,6 +225,24 @@ ssize_t xwrite(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 	}
 }
 
+/*
+ * xpread() is the same as pread(), but it automatically restarts pread()
+ * operations with a recoverable error (EAGAIN and EINTR). xpread() DOES
+ * NOT GUARANTEE that "len" bytes is read even if the data is available.
+ */
+ssize_t xpread(int fd, void *buf, size_t len, off_t offset)
+{
+	ssize_t nr;
+	if (len > MAX_IO_SIZE)
+		len = MAX_IO_SIZE;
+	while (1) {
+		nr = pread(fd, buf, len, offset);
+		if ((nr < 0) && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR))
+			continue;
+		return nr;
+	}
+}
+
 ssize_t read_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
 {
 	char *p = buf;
@@ -181,6 +283,26 @@ ssize_t write_in_full(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 	return total;
 }
 
+ssize_t pread_in_full(int fd, void *buf, size_t count, off_t offset)
+{
+	char *p = buf;
+	ssize_t total = 0;
+
+	while (count > 0) {
+		ssize_t loaded = xpread(fd, p, count, offset);
+		if (loaded < 0)
+			return -1;
+		if (loaded == 0)
+			return total;
+		count -= loaded;
+		p += loaded;
+		total += loaded;
+		offset += loaded;
+	}
+
+	return total;
+}
+
 int xdup(int fd)
 {
 	int ret = dup(fd);
@@ -208,7 +330,7 @@ int xmkstemp(char *template)
 		int saved_errno = errno;
 		const char *nonrelative_template;
 
-		if (!template[0])
+		if (strlen(template) != strlen(origtemplate))
 			template = origtemplate;
 
 		nonrelative_template = absolute_path(template);
@@ -301,7 +423,7 @@ int git_mkstemps_mode(char *pattern, int suffix_len, int mode)
 		template[5] = letters[v % num_letters]; v /= num_letters;
 
 		fd = open(pattern, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR, mode);
-		if (fd > 0)
+		if (fd >= 0)
 			return fd;
 		/*
 		 * Fatal error (EPERM, ENOSPC etc).
@@ -327,10 +449,12 @@ int git_mkstemp_mode(char *pattern, int mode)
 	return git_mkstemps_mode(pattern, 0, mode);
 }
 
+#ifdef NO_MKSTEMPS
 int gitmkstemps(char *pattern, int suffix_len)
 {
 	return git_mkstemps_mode(pattern, suffix_len, 0600);
 }
+#endif
 
 int xmkstemp_mode(char *template, int mode)
 {
@@ -356,17 +480,29 @@ int xmkstemp_mode(char *template, int mode)
 
 static int warn_if_unremovable(const char *op, const char *file, int rc)
 {
-	if (rc < 0) {
-		int err = errno;
-		if (ENOENT != err) {
-			warning("unable to %s %s: %s",
-				op, file, strerror(errno));
-			errno = err;
-		}
-	}
+	int err;
+	if (!rc || errno == ENOENT)
+		return 0;
+	err = errno;
+	warning("unable to %s %s: %s", op, file, strerror(errno));
+	errno = err;
 	return rc;
 }
 
+int unlink_or_msg(const char *file, struct strbuf *err)
+{
+	int rc = unlink(file);
+
+	assert(err);
+
+	if (!rc || errno == ENOENT)
+		return 0;
+
+	strbuf_addf(err, "unable to unlink %s: %s",
+		    file, strerror(errno));
+	return -1;
+}
+
 int unlink_or_warn(const char *file)
 {
 	return warn_if_unremovable("unlink", file, unlink(file));
@@ -381,3 +517,50 @@ int remove_or_warn(unsigned int mode, const char *file)
 {
 	return S_ISGITLINK(mode) ? rmdir_or_warn(file) : unlink_or_warn(file);
 }
+
+void warn_on_inaccessible(const char *path)
+{
+	warning(_("unable to access '%s': %s"), path, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+static int access_error_is_ok(int err, unsigned flag)
+{
+	return err == ENOENT || err == ENOTDIR ||
+		((flag & ACCESS_EACCES_OK) && err == EACCES);
+}
+
+int access_or_warn(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag)
+{
+	int ret = access(path, mode);
+	if (ret && !access_error_is_ok(errno, flag))
+		warn_on_inaccessible(path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int access_or_die(const char *path, int mode, unsigned flag)
+{
+	int ret = access(path, mode);
+	if (ret && !access_error_is_ok(errno, flag))
+		die_errno(_("unable to access '%s'"), path);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+struct passwd *xgetpwuid_self(void)
+{
+	struct passwd *pw;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	pw = getpwuid(getuid());
+	if (!pw)
+		die(_("unable to look up current user in the passwd file: %s"),
+		    errno ? strerror(errno) : _("no such user"));
+	return pw;
+}
+
+char *xgetcwd(void)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	if (strbuf_getcwd(&sb))
+		die_errno(_("unable to get current working directory"));
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+}
diff --git a/write_or_die.c b/write_or_die.c
index d45b536021..e7afe7a295 100644
--- a/write_or_die.c
+++ b/write_or_die.c
@@ -1,5 +1,15 @@
 #include "cache.h"
 
+static void check_pipe(int err)
+{
+	if (err == EPIPE) {
+		signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
+		raise(SIGPIPE);
+		/* Should never happen, but just in case... */
+		exit(141);
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Some cases use stdio, but want to flush after the write
  * to get error handling (and to get better interactive
@@ -34,17 +44,26 @@ void maybe_flush_or_die(FILE *f, const char *desc)
 			return;
 	}
 	if (fflush(f)) {
-		/*
-		 * On Windows, EPIPE is returned only by the first write()
-		 * after the reading end has closed its handle; subsequent
-		 * write()s return EINVAL.
-		 */
-		if (errno == EPIPE || errno == EINVAL)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		die_errno("write failure on '%s'", desc);
 	}
 }
 
+void fprintf_or_die(FILE *f, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list ap;
+	int ret;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	ret = vfprintf(f, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		check_pipe(errno);
+		die_errno("write error");
+	}
+}
+
 void fsync_or_die(int fd, const char *msg)
 {
 	if (fsync(fd) < 0) {
@@ -55,8 +74,7 @@ void fsync_or_die(int fd, const char *msg)
 void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		die_errno("write error");
 	}
 }
@@ -64,8 +82,7 @@ void write_or_die(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 int write_or_whine_pipe(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count, const char *msg)
 {
 	if (write_in_full(fd, buf, count) < 0) {
-		if (errno == EPIPE)
-			exit(0);
+		check_pipe(errno);
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s: write error (%s)\n",
 			msg, strerror(errno));
 		return 0;
diff --git a/ws.c b/ws.c
index b498d7599d..ea4b2b1dfd 100644
--- a/ws.c
+++ b/ws.c
@@ -33,11 +33,8 @@ unsigned parse_whitespace_rule(const char *string)
 		int negated = 0;
 
 		string = string + strspn(string, ", \t\n\r");
-		ep = strchr(string, ',');
-		if (!ep)
-			len = strlen(string);
-		else
-			len = ep - string;
+		ep = strchrnul(string, ',');
+		len = ep - string;
 
 		if (*string == '-') {
 			negated = 1;
diff --git a/wt-status.c b/wt-status.c
index 9ffc535f1a..38cb165f12 100644
--- a/wt-status.c
+++ b/wt-status.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "pathspec.h"
 #include "wt-status.h"
 #include "object.h"
 #include "dir.h"
@@ -8,9 +9,16 @@
 #include "diffcore.h"
 #include "quote.h"
 #include "run-command.h"
+#include "argv-array.h"
 #include "remote.h"
 #include "refs.h"
 #include "submodule.h"
+#include "column.h"
+#include "strbuf.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+
+static const char cut_line[] =
+"------------------------ >8 ------------------------\n";
 
 static char default_wt_status_colors[][COLOR_MAXLEN] = {
 	GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, /* WT_STATUS_HEADER */
@@ -43,9 +51,11 @@ static void status_vprintf(struct wt_status *s, int at_bol, const char *color,
 
 	strbuf_vaddf(&sb, fmt, ap);
 	if (!sb.len) {
-		strbuf_addch(&sb, '#');
-		if (!trail)
-			strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
+		if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+			strbuf_addch(&sb, comment_line_char);
+			if (!trail)
+				strbuf_addch(&sb, ' ');
+		}
 		color_print_strbuf(s->fp, color, &sb);
 		if (trail)
 			fprintf(s->fp, "%s", trail);
@@ -56,8 +66,8 @@ static void status_vprintf(struct wt_status *s, int at_bol, const char *color,
 		eol = strchr(line, '\n');
 
 		strbuf_reset(&linebuf);
-		if (at_bol) {
-			strbuf_addch(&linebuf, '#');
+		if (at_bol && s->display_comment_prefix) {
+			strbuf_addch(&linebuf, comment_line_char);
 			if (*line != '\n' && *line != '\t')
 				strbuf_addch(&linebuf, ' ');
 		}
@@ -98,8 +108,8 @@ void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color,
 	va_end(ap);
 }
 
-void status_printf_more(struct wt_status *s, const char *color,
-			const char *fmt, ...)
+static void status_printf_more(struct wt_status *s, const char *color,
+			       const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	va_list ap;
 
@@ -118,21 +128,48 @@ void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s)
 	s->show_untracked_files = SHOW_NORMAL_UNTRACKED_FILES;
 	s->use_color = -1;
 	s->relative_paths = 1;
-	s->branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", sha1, 0, NULL);
+	s->branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, sha1, NULL);
 	s->reference = "HEAD";
 	s->fp = stdout;
 	s->index_file = get_index_file();
 	s->change.strdup_strings = 1;
 	s->untracked.strdup_strings = 1;
 	s->ignored.strdup_strings = 1;
+	s->show_branch = -1;  /* unspecified */
+	s->display_comment_prefix = 0;
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
 {
+	int i;
+	int del_mod_conflict = 0;
+	int both_deleted = 0;
+	int not_deleted = 0;
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Unmerged paths:"));
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct string_list_item *it = &(s->change.items[i]);
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
+
+		switch (d->stagemask) {
+		case 0:
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			both_deleted = 1;
+			break;
+		case 3:
+		case 5:
+			del_mod_conflict = 1;
+			break;
+		default:
+			not_deleted = 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (s->whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 		;
@@ -140,8 +177,18 @@ static void wt_status_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"), s->reference);
 	else
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"));
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"));
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
+
+	if (!both_deleted) {
+		if (!del_mod_conflict)
+			status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add <file>...\" to mark resolution)"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"));
+	} else if (!del_mod_conflict && !not_deleted) {
+		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git rm <file>...\" to mark resolution)"));
+	} else {
+		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add/rm <file>...\" as appropriate to mark resolution)"));
+	}
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_cached_header(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -149,7 +196,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_cached_header(struct wt_status *s)
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes to be committed:"));
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (s->whence != FROM_COMMIT)
 		; /* NEEDSWORK: use "git reset --unresolve"??? */
@@ -157,7 +204,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_cached_header(struct wt_status *s)
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git reset %s <file>...\" to unstage)"), s->reference);
 	else
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git rm --cached <file>...\" to unstage)"));
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
@@ -167,7 +214,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes not staged for commit:"));
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	if (!has_deleted)
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git add <file>...\" to update what will be committed)"));
@@ -176,7 +223,7 @@ static void wt_status_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git checkout -- <file>...\" to discard changes in working directory)"));
 	if (has_dirty_submodules)
 		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (commit or discard the untracked or modified content in submodules)"));
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_other_header(struct wt_status *s,
@@ -184,40 +231,103 @@ static void wt_status_print_other_header(struct wt_status *s,
 					 const char *how)
 {
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("%s files:"), what);
-	if (!advice_status_hints)
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s:", what);
+	if (!s->hints)
 		return;
 	status_printf_ln(s, c, _("  (use \"git %s <file>...\" to include in what will be committed)"), how);
-	status_printf_ln(s, c, "");
+	status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_trailer(struct wt_status *s)
 {
-	status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
+	status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", "");
 }
 
 #define quote_path quote_path_relative
 
+static const char *wt_status_unmerged_status_string(int stagemask)
+{
+	switch (stagemask) {
+	case 1:
+		return _("both deleted:");
+	case 2:
+		return _("added by us:");
+	case 3:
+		return _("deleted by them:");
+	case 4:
+		return _("added by them:");
+	case 5:
+		return _("deleted by us:");
+	case 6:
+		return _("both added:");
+	case 7:
+		return _("both modified:");
+	default:
+		die(_("bug: unhandled unmerged status %x"), stagemask);
+	}
+}
+
+static const char *wt_status_diff_status_string(int status)
+{
+	switch (status) {
+	case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
+		return _("new file:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
+		return _("copied:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
+		return _("deleted:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
+		return _("modified:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
+		return _("renamed:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED:
+		return _("typechange:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
+		return _("unknown:");
+	case DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED:
+		return _("unmerged:");
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static int maxwidth(const char *(*label)(int), int minval, int maxval)
+{
+	int result = 0, i;
+
+	for (i = minval; i <= maxval; i++) {
+		const char *s = label(i);
+		int len = s ? utf8_strwidth(s) : 0;
+		if (len > result)
+			result = len;
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
 static void wt_status_print_unmerged_data(struct wt_status *s,
 					  struct string_list_item *it)
 {
 	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_UNMERGED, s);
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
 	struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
-	const char *one, *how = _("bug");
+	static char *padding;
+	static int label_width;
+	const char *one, *how;
+	int len;
+
+	if (!padding) {
+		label_width = maxwidth(wt_status_unmerged_status_string, 1, 7);
+		label_width += strlen(" ");
+		padding = xmallocz(label_width);
+		memset(padding, ' ', label_width);
+	}
 
-	one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+	one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 	status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "\t");
-	switch (d->stagemask) {
-	case 1: how = _("both deleted:"); break;
-	case 2: how = _("added by us:"); break;
-	case 3: how = _("deleted by them:"); break;
-	case 4: how = _("added by them:"); break;
-	case 5: how = _("deleted by us:"); break;
-	case 6: how = _("both added:"); break;
-	case 7: how = _("both modified:"); break;
-	}
-	status_printf_more(s, c, "%-20s%s\n", how, one);
+
+	how = wt_status_unmerged_status_string(d->stagemask);
+	len = label_width - utf8_strwidth(how);
+	status_printf_more(s, c, "%s%.*s%s\n", how, len, padding, one);
 	strbuf_release(&onebuf);
 }
 
@@ -227,12 +337,24 @@ static void wt_status_print_change_data(struct wt_status *s,
 {
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
 	const char *c = color(change_type, s);
-	int status = status;
+	int status;
 	char *one_name;
 	char *two_name;
 	const char *one, *two;
 	struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT, twobuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 	struct strbuf extra = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static char *padding;
+	static int label_width;
+	const char *what;
+	int len;
+
+	if (!padding) {
+		/* If DIFF_STATUS_* uses outside the range [A..Z], we're in trouble */
+		label_width = maxwidth(wt_status_diff_status_string, 'A', 'Z');
+		label_width += strlen(" ");
+		padding = xmallocz(label_width);
+		memset(padding, ' ', label_width);
+	}
 
 	one_name = two_name = it->string;
 	switch (change_type) {
@@ -255,40 +377,26 @@ static void wt_status_print_change_data(struct wt_status *s,
 		}
 		status = d->worktree_status;
 		break;
+	default:
+		die("BUG: unhandled change_type %d in wt_status_print_change_data",
+		    change_type);
 	}
 
-	one = quote_path(one_name, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
-	two = quote_path(two_name, -1, &twobuf, s->prefix);
+	one = quote_path(one_name, s->prefix, &onebuf);
+	two = quote_path(two_name, s->prefix, &twobuf);
 
 	status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "\t");
-	switch (status) {
-	case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("new file:   %s"), one);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("copied:     %s -> %s"), one, two);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("deleted:    %s"), one);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("modified:   %s"), one);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("renamed:    %s -> %s"), one, two);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("typechange: %s"), one);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("unknown:    %s"), one);
-		break;
-	case DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED:
-		status_printf_more(s, c, _("unmerged:   %s"), one);
-		break;
-	default:
+	what = wt_status_diff_status_string(status);
+	if (!what)
 		die(_("bug: unhandled diff status %c"), status);
-	}
+	len = label_width - utf8_strwidth(what);
+	assert(len >= 0);
+	if (status == DIFF_STATUS_COPIED || status == DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED)
+		status_printf_more(s, c, "%s%.*s%s -> %s",
+				   what, len, padding, one, two);
+	else
+		status_printf_more(s, c, "%s%.*s%s",
+				   what, len, padding, one);
 	if (extra.len) {
 		status_printf_more(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", extra.buf);
 		strbuf_release(&extra);
@@ -331,7 +439,7 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changed_cb(struct diff_queue_struct *q,
 static int unmerged_mask(const char *path)
 {
 	int pos, mask;
-	struct cache_entry *ce;
+	const struct cache_entry *ce;
 
 	pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
 	if (0 <= pos)
@@ -397,7 +505,7 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_worktree(struct wt_status *s)
 	}
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback = wt_status_collect_changed_cb;
 	rev.diffopt.format_callback_data = s;
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, s->pathspec);
+	copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, &s->pathspec);
 	run_diff_files(&rev, 0);
 }
 
@@ -411,9 +519,19 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_index(struct wt_status *s)
 	opt.def = s->is_initial ? EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_HEX : s->reference;
 	setup_revisions(0, NULL, &rev, &opt);
 
+	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
 	if (s->ignore_submodule_arg) {
-		DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
 		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&rev.diffopt, s->ignore_submodule_arg);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Unless the user did explicitly request a submodule ignore
+		 * mode by passing a command line option we do not ignore any
+		 * changed submodule SHA-1s when comparing index and HEAD, no
+		 * matter what is configured. Otherwise the user won't be
+		 * shown any submodules she manually added (and which are
+		 * staged to be committed), which would be really confusing.
+		 */
+		handle_ignore_submodules_arg(&rev.diffopt, "dirty");
 	}
 
 	rev.diffopt.output_format |= DIFF_FORMAT_CALLBACK;
@@ -422,22 +540,20 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_index(struct wt_status *s)
 	rev.diffopt.detect_rename = 1;
 	rev.diffopt.rename_limit = 200;
 	rev.diffopt.break_opt = 0;
-	init_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, s->pathspec);
+	copy_pathspec(&rev.prune_data, &s->pathspec);
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_collect_changes_initial(struct wt_status *s)
 {
-	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int i;
 
-	init_pathspec(&pathspec, s->pathspec);
 	for (i = 0; i < active_nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it;
 		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
-		struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
+		const struct cache_entry *ce = active_cache[i];
 
-		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &pathspec))
+		if (!ce_path_match(ce, &s->pathspec, NULL))
 			continue;
 		it = string_list_insert(&s->change, ce->name);
 		d = it->util;
@@ -452,45 +568,49 @@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_initial(struct wt_status *s)
 		else
 			d->index_status = DIFF_STATUS_ADDED;
 	}
-	free_pathspec(&pathspec);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_collect_untracked(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	int i;
 	struct dir_struct dir;
+	uint64_t t_begin = getnanotime();
 
 	if (!s->show_untracked_files)
 		return;
+
 	memset(&dir, 0, sizeof(dir));
 	if (s->show_untracked_files != SHOW_ALL_UNTRACKED_FILES)
 		dir.flags |=
 			DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES | DIR_HIDE_EMPTY_DIRECTORIES;
+	if (s->show_ignored_files)
+		dir.flags |= DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO;
 	setup_standard_excludes(&dir);
 
-	fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
+	fill_directory(&dir, &s->pathspec);
+
 	for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
 		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
 		if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
-		    match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
+		    dir_path_match(ent, &s->pathspec, 0, NULL))
 			string_list_insert(&s->untracked, ent->name);
 		free(ent);
 	}
 
-	if (s->show_ignored_files) {
-		dir.nr = 0;
-		dir.flags = DIR_SHOW_IGNORED | DIR_SHOW_OTHER_DIRECTORIES;
-		fill_directory(&dir, s->pathspec);
-		for (i = 0; i < dir.nr; i++) {
-			struct dir_entry *ent = dir.entries[i];
-			if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
-			    match_pathspec(s->pathspec, ent->name, ent->len, 0, NULL))
-				string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
-			free(ent);
-		}
+	for (i = 0; i < dir.ignored_nr; i++) {
+		struct dir_entry *ent = dir.ignored[i];
+		if (cache_name_is_other(ent->name, ent->len) &&
+		    dir_path_match(ent, &s->pathspec, 0, NULL))
+			string_list_insert(&s->ignored, ent->name);
+		free(ent);
 	}
 
 	free(dir.entries);
+	free(dir.ignored);
+	clear_directory(&dir);
+
+	if (advice_status_u_option)
+		s->untracked_in_ms = (getnanotime() - t_begin) / 1000000;
 }
 
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -605,33 +725,48 @@ static void wt_status_print_changed(struct wt_status *s)
 
 static void wt_status_print_submodule_summary(struct wt_status *s, int uncommitted)
 {
-	struct child_process sm_summary;
-	char summary_limit[64];
-	char index[PATH_MAX];
-	const char *env[] = { NULL, NULL };
-	const char *argv[8];
-
-	env[0] =	index;
-	argv[0] =	"submodule";
-	argv[1] =	"summary";
-	argv[2] =	uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached";
-	argv[3] =	"--for-status";
-	argv[4] =	"--summary-limit";
-	argv[5] =	summary_limit;
-	argv[6] =	uncommitted ? NULL : (s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD");
-	argv[7] =	NULL;
-
-	sprintf(summary_limit, "%d", s->submodule_summary);
-	snprintf(index, sizeof(index), "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", s->index_file);
-
-	memset(&sm_summary, 0, sizeof(sm_summary));
-	sm_summary.argv = argv;
-	sm_summary.env = env;
+	struct child_process sm_summary = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
+	struct strbuf cmd_stdout = STRBUF_INIT;
+	struct strbuf summary = STRBUF_INIT;
+	char *summary_content;
+
+	argv_array_pushf(&sm_summary.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s",
+			 s->index_file);
+
+	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "submodule");
+	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "summary");
+	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, uncommitted ? "--files" : "--cached");
+	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "--for-status");
+	argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, "--summary-limit");
+	argv_array_pushf(&sm_summary.args, "%d", s->submodule_summary);
+	if (!uncommitted)
+		argv_array_push(&sm_summary.args, s->amend ? "HEAD^" : "HEAD");
+
 	sm_summary.git_cmd = 1;
 	sm_summary.no_stdin = 1;
-	fflush(s->fp);
-	sm_summary.out = dup(fileno(s->fp));    /* run_command closes it */
-	run_command(&sm_summary);
+
+	capture_command(&sm_summary, &cmd_stdout, 1024);
+
+	/* prepend header, only if there's an actual output */
+	if (cmd_stdout.len) {
+		if (uncommitted)
+			strbuf_addstr(&summary, _("Submodules changed but not updated:"));
+		else
+			strbuf_addstr(&summary, _("Submodule changes to be committed:"));
+		strbuf_addstr(&summary, "\n\n");
+	}
+	strbuf_addbuf(&summary, &cmd_stdout);
+	strbuf_release(&cmd_stdout);
+
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+		size_t len;
+		summary_content = strbuf_detach(&summary, &len);
+		strbuf_add_commented_lines(&summary, summary_content, len);
+		free(summary_content);
+	}
+
+	fputs(summary.buf, s->fp);
+	strbuf_release(&summary);
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
@@ -641,6 +776,8 @@ static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
 {
 	int i;
 	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	static struct string_list output = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
+	struct column_options copts;
 
 	if (!l->nr)
 		return;
@@ -649,12 +786,58 @@ static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
 
 	for (i = 0; i < l->nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it;
+		const char *path;
 		it = &(l->items[i]);
+		path = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &buf);
+		if (column_active(s->colopts)) {
+			string_list_append(&output, path);
+			continue;
+		}
 		status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "\t");
 		status_printf_more(s, color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s),
-			"%s\n", quote_path(it->string, strlen(it->string),
-					    &buf, s->prefix));
+				   "%s\n", path);
 	}
+
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+	if (!column_active(s->colopts))
+		goto conclude;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s%s\t%s",
+		    color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s),
+		    s->display_comment_prefix ? "#" : "",
+		    color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s));
+	memset(&copts, 0, sizeof(copts));
+	copts.padding = 1;
+	copts.indent = buf.buf;
+	if (want_color(s->use_color))
+		copts.nl = GIT_COLOR_RESET "\n";
+	print_columns(&output, s->colopts, &copts);
+	string_list_clear(&output, 0);
+	strbuf_release(&buf);
+conclude:
+	status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "%s", "");
+}
+
+void wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(struct strbuf *buf)
+{
+	const char *p;
+	struct strbuf pattern = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	strbuf_addf(&pattern, "%c %s", comment_line_char, cut_line);
+	p = strstr(buf->buf, pattern.buf);
+	if (p && (p == buf->buf || p[-1] == '\n'))
+		strbuf_setlen(buf, p - buf->buf);
+	strbuf_release(&pattern);
+}
+
+void wt_status_add_cut_line(FILE *fp)
+{
+	const char *explanation = _("Do not touch the line above.\nEverything below will be removed.");
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+
+	fprintf(fp, "%c %s", comment_line_char, cut_line);
+	strbuf_add_commented_lines(&buf, explanation, strlen(explanation));
+	fputs(buf.buf, fp);
 	strbuf_release(&buf);
 }
 
@@ -662,6 +845,8 @@ static void wt_status_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	struct rev_info rev;
 	struct setup_revision_opt opt;
+	int dirty_submodules;
+	const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
 
 	init_revisions(&rev, NULL);
 	DIFF_OPT_SET(&rev.diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV);
@@ -678,11 +863,33 @@ static void wt_status_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
 	 * If we're not going to stdout, then we definitely don't
 	 * want color, since we are going to the commit message
 	 * file (and even the "auto" setting won't work, since it
-	 * will have checked isatty on stdout).
+	 * will have checked isatty on stdout). But we then do want
+	 * to insert the scissor line here to reliably remove the
+	 * diff before committing.
 	 */
-	if (s->fp != stdout)
+	if (s->fp != stdout) {
 		rev.diffopt.use_color = 0;
+		wt_status_add_cut_line(s->fp);
+	}
+	if (s->verbose > 1 && s->commitable) {
+		/* print_updated() printed a header, so do we */
+		if (s->fp != stdout)
+			wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes to be committed:"));
+		rev.diffopt.a_prefix = "c/";
+		rev.diffopt.b_prefix = "i/";
+	} /* else use prefix as per user config */
 	run_diff_index(&rev, 1);
+	if (s->verbose > 1 &&
+	    wt_status_check_worktree_changes(s, &dirty_submodules)) {
+		status_printf_ln(s, c,
+			"--------------------------------------------------");
+		status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes not staged for commit:"));
+		setup_work_tree();
+		rev.diffopt.a_prefix = "i/";
+		rev.diffopt.b_prefix = "w/";
+		run_diff_files(&rev, 0);
+	}
 }
 
 static void wt_status_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
@@ -690,46 +897,463 @@ static void wt_status_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 	const char *cp, *ep;
 	struct branch *branch;
+	char comment_line_string[3];
+	int i;
 
 	assert(s->branch && !s->is_initial);
-	if (prefixcmp(s->branch, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (!starts_with(s->branch, "refs/heads/"))
 		return;
 	branch = branch_get(s->branch + 11);
 	if (!format_tracking_info(branch, &sb))
 		return;
 
+	i = 0;
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix) {
+		comment_line_string[i++] = comment_line_char;
+		comment_line_string[i++] = ' ';
+	}
+	comment_line_string[i] = '\0';
+
 	for (cp = sb.buf; (ep = strchr(cp, '\n')) != NULL; cp = ep + 1)
 		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s),
-				 "# %.*s", (int)(ep - cp), cp);
-	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "#");
+				 "%s%.*s", comment_line_string,
+				 (int)(ep - cp), cp);
+	if (s->display_comment_prefix)
+		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%c",
+				 comment_line_char);
+	else
+		fputs("", s->fp);
+}
+
+static int has_unmerged(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
+		struct wt_status_change_data *d;
+		d = s->change.items[i].util;
+		if (d->stagemask)
+			return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void show_merge_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	if (has_unmerged(s)) {
+		status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You have unmerged paths."));
+		if (s->hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git commit\")"));
+	} else {
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("All conflicts fixed but you are still merging."));
+		if (s->hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_am_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color,
+		_("You are in the middle of an am session."));
+	if (state->am_empty_patch)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("The current patch is empty."));
+	if (s->hints) {
+		if (!state->am_empty_patch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git am --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git am --skip\" to skip this patch)"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static char *read_line_from_git_path(const char *filename)
+{
+	struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
+	FILE *fp = fopen(git_path("%s", filename), "r");
+	if (!fp) {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	strbuf_getline(&buf, fp, '\n');
+	if (!fclose(fp)) {
+		return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
+	} else {
+		strbuf_release(&buf);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static int split_commit_in_progress(struct wt_status *s)
+{
+	int split_in_progress = 0;
+	char *head = read_line_from_git_path("HEAD");
+	char *orig_head = read_line_from_git_path("ORIG_HEAD");
+	char *rebase_amend = read_line_from_git_path("rebase-merge/amend");
+	char *rebase_orig_head = read_line_from_git_path("rebase-merge/orig-head");
+
+	if (!head || !orig_head || !rebase_amend || !rebase_orig_head ||
+	    !s->branch || strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD"))
+		return split_in_progress;
+
+	if (!strcmp(rebase_amend, rebase_orig_head)) {
+		if (strcmp(head, rebase_amend))
+			split_in_progress = 1;
+	} else if (strcmp(orig_head, rebase_orig_head)) {
+		split_in_progress = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (!s->amend && !s->nowarn && !s->workdir_dirty)
+		split_in_progress = 0;
+
+	free(head);
+	free(orig_head);
+	free(rebase_amend);
+	free(rebase_orig_head);
+	return split_in_progress;
+}
+
+static void show_rebase_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+
+	if (has_unmerged(s)) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing."));
+		if (s->hints) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and then run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git rebase --skip\" to skip this patch)"));
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git rebase --abort\" to check out the original branch)"));
+		}
+	} else if (state->rebase_in_progress || !stat(git_path("MERGE_MSG"), &st)) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently rebasing."));
+		if (s->hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
+	} else if (split_commit_in_progress(s)) {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently splitting a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently splitting a commit during a rebase."));
+		if (s->hints)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (Once your working directory is clean, run \"git rebase --continue\")"));
+	} else {
+		if (state->branch)
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently editing a commit while rebasing branch '%s' on '%s'."),
+					 state->branch,
+					 state->onto);
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+					 _("You are currently editing a commit during a rebase."));
+		if (s->hints && !s->amend) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git commit --amend\" to amend the current commit)"));
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"));
+		}
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_cherry_pick_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+					struct wt_status_state *state,
+					const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently cherry-picking commit %s."),
+			find_unique_abbrev(state->cherry_pick_head_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	if (s->hints) {
+		if (has_unmerged(s))
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git cherry-pick --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_revert_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+					struct wt_status_state *state,
+					const char *color)
+{
+	status_printf_ln(s, color, _("You are currently reverting commit %s."),
+			 find_unique_abbrev(state->revert_head_sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	if (s->hints) {
+		if (has_unmerged(s))
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (fix conflicts and run \"git revert --continue\")"));
+		else
+			status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				_("  (all conflicts fixed: run \"git revert --continue\")"));
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"));
+	}
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+static void show_bisect_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
+				struct wt_status_state *state,
+				const char *color)
+{
+	if (state->branch)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently bisecting, started from branch '%s'."),
+				 state->branch);
+	else
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+				 _("You are currently bisecting."));
+	if (s->hints)
+		status_printf_ln(s, color,
+			_("  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"));
+	wt_status_print_trailer(s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Extract branch information from rebase/bisect
+ */
+static char *read_and_strip_branch(const char *path)
+{
+	struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (strbuf_read_file(&sb, git_path("%s", path), 0) <= 0)
+		goto got_nothing;
+
+	while (sb.len && sb.buf[sb.len - 1] == '\n')
+		strbuf_setlen(&sb, sb.len - 1);
+	if (!sb.len)
+		goto got_nothing;
+	if (starts_with(sb.buf, "refs/heads/"))
+		strbuf_remove(&sb,0, strlen("refs/heads/"));
+	else if (starts_with(sb.buf, "refs/"))
+		;
+	else if (!get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, sha1)) {
+		const char *abbrev;
+		abbrev = find_unique_abbrev(sha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV);
+		strbuf_reset(&sb);
+		strbuf_addstr(&sb, abbrev);
+	} else if (!strcmp(sb.buf, "detached HEAD")) /* rebase */
+		goto got_nothing;
+	else			/* bisect */
+		;
+	return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
+
+got_nothing:
+	strbuf_release(&sb);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata {
+	struct strbuf buf;
+	unsigned char nsha1[20];
+};
+
+static int grab_1st_switch(unsigned char *osha1, unsigned char *nsha1,
+			   const char *email, unsigned long timestamp, int tz,
+			   const char *message, void *cb_data)
+{
+	struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata *cb = cb_data;
+	const char *target = NULL, *end;
+
+	if (!starts_with(message, "checkout: moving from "))
+		return 0;
+	message += strlen("checkout: moving from ");
+	target = strstr(message, " to ");
+	if (!target)
+		return 0;
+	target += strlen(" to ");
+	strbuf_reset(&cb->buf);
+	hashcpy(cb->nsha1, nsha1);
+	for (end = target; *end && *end != '\n'; end++)
+		;
+	strbuf_add(&cb->buf, target, end - target);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static void wt_status_get_detached_from(struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	struct grab_1st_switch_cbdata cb;
+	struct commit *commit;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+	char *ref = NULL;
+
+	strbuf_init(&cb.buf, 0);
+	if (for_each_reflog_ent_reverse("HEAD", grab_1st_switch, &cb) <= 0) {
+		strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (dwim_ref(cb.buf.buf, cb.buf.len, sha1, &ref) == 1 &&
+	    /* sha1 is a commit? match without further lookup */
+	    (!hashcmp(cb.nsha1, sha1) ||
+	     /* perhaps sha1 is a tag, try to dereference to a commit */
+	     ((commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(sha1, 1)) != NULL &&
+	      !hashcmp(cb.nsha1, commit->object.sha1)))) {
+		int ofs;
+		if (starts_with(ref, "refs/tags/"))
+			ofs = strlen("refs/tags/");
+		else if (starts_with(ref, "refs/remotes/"))
+			ofs = strlen("refs/remotes/");
+		else
+			ofs = 0;
+		state->detached_from = xstrdup(ref + ofs);
+	} else
+		state->detached_from =
+			xstrdup(find_unique_abbrev(cb.nsha1, DEFAULT_ABBREV));
+	hashcpy(state->detached_sha1, cb.nsha1);
+	state->detached_at = !get_sha1("HEAD", sha1) &&
+			     !hashcmp(sha1, state->detached_sha1);
+
+	free(ref);
+	strbuf_release(&cb.buf);
+}
+
+void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_status_state *state,
+			 int get_detached_from)
+{
+	struct stat st;
+	unsigned char sha1[20];
+
+	if (!stat(git_path("MERGE_HEAD"), &st)) {
+		state->merge_in_progress = 1;
+	} else if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply"), &st)) {
+		if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply/applying"), &st)) {
+			state->am_in_progress = 1;
+			if (!stat(git_path("rebase-apply/patch"), &st) && !st.st_size)
+				state->am_empty_patch = 1;
+		} else {
+			state->rebase_in_progress = 1;
+			state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-apply/head-name");
+			state->onto = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-apply/onto");
+		}
+	} else if (!stat(git_path("rebase-merge"), &st)) {
+		if (!stat(git_path("rebase-merge/interactive"), &st))
+			state->rebase_interactive_in_progress = 1;
+		else
+			state->rebase_in_progress = 1;
+		state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-merge/head-name");
+		state->onto = read_and_strip_branch("rebase-merge/onto");
+	} else if (!stat(git_path("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD"), &st) &&
+			!get_sha1("CHERRY_PICK_HEAD", sha1)) {
+		state->cherry_pick_in_progress = 1;
+		hashcpy(state->cherry_pick_head_sha1, sha1);
+	}
+	if (!stat(git_path("BISECT_LOG"), &st)) {
+		state->bisect_in_progress = 1;
+		state->branch = read_and_strip_branch("BISECT_START");
+	}
+	if (!stat(git_path("REVERT_HEAD"), &st) &&
+	    !get_sha1("REVERT_HEAD", sha1)) {
+		state->revert_in_progress = 1;
+		hashcpy(state->revert_head_sha1, sha1);
+	}
+
+	if (get_detached_from)
+		wt_status_get_detached_from(state);
+}
+
+static void wt_status_print_state(struct wt_status *s,
+				  struct wt_status_state *state)
+{
+	const char *state_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	if (state->merge_in_progress)
+		show_merge_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->am_in_progress)
+		show_am_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->rebase_in_progress || state->rebase_interactive_in_progress)
+		show_rebase_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->cherry_pick_in_progress)
+		show_cherry_pick_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	else if (state->revert_in_progress)
+		show_revert_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
+	if (state->bisect_in_progress)
+		show_bisect_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
 }
 
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	const char *branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH, s);
 	const char *branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
+	struct wt_status_state state;
+
+	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
+	wt_status_get_state(&state,
+			    s->branch && !strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD"));
 
 	if (s->branch) {
 		const char *on_what = _("On branch ");
 		const char *branch_name = s->branch;
-		if (!prefixcmp(branch_name, "refs/heads/"))
+		if (starts_with(branch_name, "refs/heads/"))
 			branch_name += 11;
 		else if (!strcmp(branch_name, "HEAD")) {
-			branch_name = "";
 			branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_NOBRANCH, s);
-			on_what = _("Not currently on any branch.");
+			if (state.rebase_in_progress || state.rebase_interactive_in_progress) {
+				on_what = _("rebase in progress; onto ");
+				branch_name = state.onto;
+			} else if (state.detached_from) {
+				branch_name = state.detached_from;
+				if (state.detached_at)
+					on_what = _("HEAD detached at ");
+				else
+					on_what = _("HEAD detached from ");
+			} else {
+				branch_name = "";
+				on_what = _("Not currently on any branch.");
+			}
 		}
-		status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
+		status_printf(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", "");
 		status_printf_more(s, branch_status_color, "%s", on_what);
 		status_printf_more(s, branch_color, "%s\n", branch_name);
 		if (!s->is_initial)
 			wt_status_print_tracking(s);
 	}
 
+	wt_status_print_state(s, &state);
+	free(state.branch);
+	free(state.onto);
+	free(state.detached_from);
+
 	if (s->is_initial) {
-		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
+		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", "");
 		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), _("Initial commit"));
-		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "");
+		status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", "");
 	}
 
 	wt_status_print_updated(s);
@@ -742,12 +1366,20 @@ void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 		wt_status_print_submodule_summary(s, 1);  /* unstaged */
 	}
 	if (s->show_untracked_files) {
-		wt_status_print_other(s, &s->untracked, _("Untracked"), "add");
+		wt_status_print_other(s, &s->untracked, _("Untracked files"), "add");
 		if (s->show_ignored_files)
-			wt_status_print_other(s, &s->ignored, _("Ignored"), "add -f");
+			wt_status_print_other(s, &s->ignored, _("Ignored files"), "add -f");
+		if (advice_status_u_option && 2000 < s->untracked_in_ms) {
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "%s", "");
+			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
+					 _("It took %.2f seconds to enumerate untracked files. 'status -uno'\n"
+					   "may speed it up, but you have to be careful not to forget to add\n"
+					   "new files yourself (see 'git help status')."),
+					 s->untracked_in_ms / 1000.0);
+		}
 	} else if (s->commitable)
 		status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, _("Untracked files not listed%s"),
-			advice_status_hints
+			s->hints
 			? _(" (use -u option to show untracked files)") : "");
 
 	if (s->verbose)
@@ -757,27 +1389,35 @@ void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 			status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, _("No changes"));
 		else if (s->nowarn)
 			; /* nothing */
-		else if (s->workdir_dirty)
-			printf(_("no changes added to commit%s\n"),
-				advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")") : "");
-		else if (s->untracked.nr)
-			printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files present%s\n"),
-				advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (use \"git add\" to track)") : "");
-		else if (s->is_initial)
-			printf(_("nothing to commit%s\n"), advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (create/copy files and use \"git add\" to track)") : "");
-		else if (!s->show_untracked_files)
-			printf(_("nothing to commit%s\n"), advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (use -u to show untracked files)") : "");
-		else
-			printf(_("nothing to commit%s\n"), advice_status_hints
-				? _(" (working directory clean)") : "");
+		else if (s->workdir_dirty) {
+			if (s->hints)
+				printf(_("no changes added to commit "
+					 "(use \"git add\" and/or \"git commit -a\")\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("no changes added to commit\n"));
+		} else if (s->untracked.nr) {
+			if (s->hints)
+				printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files "
+					 "present (use \"git add\" to track)\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("nothing added to commit but untracked files present\n"));
+		} else if (s->is_initial) {
+			if (s->hints)
+				printf(_("nothing to commit (create/copy files "
+					 "and use \"git add\" to track)\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("nothing to commit\n"));
+		} else if (!s->show_untracked_files) {
+			if (s->hints)
+				printf(_("nothing to commit (use -u to show untracked files)\n"));
+			else
+				printf(_("nothing to commit\n"));
+		} else
+			printf(_("nothing to commit, working directory clean\n"));
 	}
 }
 
-static void wt_shortstatus_unmerged(int null_termination, struct string_list_item *it,
+static void wt_shortstatus_unmerged(struct string_list_item *it,
 			   struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
@@ -793,18 +1433,18 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_unmerged(int null_termination, struct string_list_ite
 	case 7: how = "UU"; break; /* both modified */
 	}
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_UNMERGED, s), "%s", how);
-	if (null_termination) {
+	if (s->null_termination) {
 		fprintf(stdout, " %s%c", it->string, 0);
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		printf(" %s\n", one);
 		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
 	}
 }
 
-static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item *it,
+static void wt_shortstatus_status(struct string_list_item *it,
 			 struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
@@ -818,7 +1458,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item
 	else
 		putchar(' ');
 	putchar(' ');
-	if (null_termination) {
+	if (s->null_termination) {
 		fprintf(stdout, "%s%c", it->string, 0);
 		if (d->head_path)
 			fprintf(stdout, "%s%c", d->head_path, 0);
@@ -826,7 +1466,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
 		if (d->head_path) {
-			one = quote_path(d->head_path, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+			one = quote_path(d->head_path, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 			if (*one != '"' && strchr(one, ' ') != NULL) {
 				putchar('"');
 				strbuf_addch(&onebuf, '"');
@@ -835,7 +1475,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item
 			printf("%s -> ", one);
 			strbuf_release(&onebuf);
 		}
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		if (*one != '"' && strchr(one, ' ') != NULL) {
 			putchar('"');
 			strbuf_addch(&onebuf, '"');
@@ -846,15 +1486,15 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_status(int null_termination, struct string_list_item
 	}
 }
 
-static void wt_shortstatus_other(int null_termination, struct string_list_item *it,
+static void wt_shortstatus_other(struct string_list_item *it,
 				 struct wt_status *s, const char *sign)
 {
-	if (null_termination) {
+	if (s->null_termination) {
 		fprintf(stdout, "%s %s%c", sign, it->string, 0);
 	} else {
 		struct strbuf onebuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 		const char *one;
-		one = quote_path(it->string, -1, &onebuf, s->prefix);
+		one = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &onebuf);
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_UNTRACKED, s), "%s", sign);
 		printf(" %s\n", one);
 		strbuf_release(&onebuf);
@@ -871,6 +1511,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 	const char *base;
 	const char *branch_name;
 	int num_ours, num_theirs;
+	int upstream_is_gone = 0;
 
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "## ");
 
@@ -878,7 +1519,7 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 		return;
 	branch_name = s->branch;
 
-	if (!prefixcmp(branch_name, "refs/heads/"))
+	if (starts_with(branch_name, "refs/heads/"))
 		branch_name += 11;
 	else if (!strcmp(branch_name, "HEAD")) {
 		branch_name = _("HEAD (no branch)");
@@ -888,40 +1529,61 @@ static void wt_shortstatus_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 	branch = branch_get(s->branch + 11);
 	if (s->is_initial)
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("Initial commit on "));
-	if (!stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs)) {
-		color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, branch_color_local,
-			"%s", branch_name);
+
+	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%s", branch_name);
+
+	switch (stat_tracking_info(branch, &num_ours, &num_theirs)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* no base */
+		fputc(s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n', s->fp);
 		return;
+	case -1:
+		/* with "gone" base */
+		upstream_is_gone = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* with base */
+		break;
 	}
 
 	base = branch->merge[0]->dst;
 	base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
-	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%s", branch_name);
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, "...");
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_remote, "%s", base);
+	free((char *)base);
+
+	if (!upstream_is_gone && !num_ours && !num_theirs) {
+		fputc(s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n', s->fp);
+		return;
+	}
+
+#define LABEL(string) (s->no_gettext ? (string) : _(string))
 
 	color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, " [");
-	if (!num_ours) {
-		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("behind "));
+	if (upstream_is_gone) {
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, LABEL(N_("gone")));
+	} else if (!num_ours) {
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, LABEL(N_("behind ")));
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_remote, "%d", num_theirs);
 	} else if (!num_theirs) {
-		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("ahead "));
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, LABEL(N_(("ahead "))));
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%d", num_ours);
 	} else {
-		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _("ahead "));
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, LABEL(N_(("ahead "))));
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_local, "%d", num_ours);
-		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, _(", behind "));
+		color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, ", %s", LABEL(N_("behind ")));
 		color_fprintf(s->fp, branch_color_remote, "%d", num_theirs);
 	}
 
-	color_fprintf_ln(s->fp, header_color, "]");
+	color_fprintf(s->fp, header_color, "]");
+	fputc(s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n', s->fp);
 }
 
-void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination, int show_branch)
+void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	int i;
 
-	if (show_branch)
+	if (s->show_branch)
 		wt_shortstatus_print_tracking(s);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
@@ -931,28 +1593,29 @@ void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination, int show_br
 		it = &(s->change.items[i]);
 		d = it->util;
 		if (d->stagemask)
-			wt_shortstatus_unmerged(null_termination, it, s);
+			wt_shortstatus_unmerged(it, s);
 		else
-			wt_shortstatus_status(null_termination, it, s);
+			wt_shortstatus_status(it, s);
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < s->untracked.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it;
 
 		it = &(s->untracked.items[i]);
-		wt_shortstatus_other(null_termination, it, s, "??");
+		wt_shortstatus_other(it, s, "??");
 	}
 	for (i = 0; i < s->ignored.nr; i++) {
 		struct string_list_item *it;
 
 		it = &(s->ignored.items[i]);
-		wt_shortstatus_other(null_termination, it, s, "!!");
+		wt_shortstatus_other(it, s, "!!");
 	}
 }
 
-void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination)
+void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s)
 {
 	s->use_color = 0;
 	s->relative_paths = 0;
 	s->prefix = NULL;
-	wt_shortstatus_print(s, null_termination, 0);
+	s->no_gettext = 1;
+	wt_shortstatus_print(s);
 }
diff --git a/wt-status.h b/wt-status.h
index 682b4c8f7d..e0a99f75c7 100644
--- a/wt-status.h
+++ b/wt-status.h
@@ -44,18 +44,24 @@ struct wt_status {
 	int is_initial;
 	char *branch;
 	const char *reference;
-	const char **pathspec;
+	struct pathspec pathspec;
 	int verbose;
 	int amend;
 	enum commit_whence whence;
 	int nowarn;
 	int use_color;
+	int no_gettext;
+	int display_comment_prefix;
 	int relative_paths;
 	int submodule_summary;
 	int show_ignored_files;
 	enum untracked_status_type show_untracked_files;
 	const char *ignore_submodule_arg;
 	char color_palette[WT_STATUS_MAXSLOT][COLOR_MAXLEN];
+	unsigned colopts;
+	int null_termination;
+	int show_branch;
+	int hints;
 
 	/* These are computed during processing of the individual sections */
 	int commitable;
@@ -66,20 +72,40 @@ struct wt_status {
 	struct string_list change;
 	struct string_list untracked;
 	struct string_list ignored;
+	uint32_t untracked_in_ms;
 };
 
+struct wt_status_state {
+	int merge_in_progress;
+	int am_in_progress;
+	int am_empty_patch;
+	int rebase_in_progress;
+	int rebase_interactive_in_progress;
+	int cherry_pick_in_progress;
+	int bisect_in_progress;
+	int revert_in_progress;
+	int detached_at;
+	char *branch;
+	char *onto;
+	char *detached_from;
+	unsigned char detached_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char revert_head_sha1[20];
+	unsigned char cherry_pick_head_sha1[20];
+};
+
+void wt_status_truncate_message_at_cut_line(struct strbuf *);
+void wt_status_add_cut_line(FILE *fp);
 void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s);
 void wt_status_collect(struct wt_status *s);
+void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_status_state *state, int get_detached_from);
 
-void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination, int show_branch);
-void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s, int null_termination);
+void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s);
+void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s);
 
-void status_printf_ln(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	;
-void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	;
-void status_printf_more(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...)
-	__attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+void status_printf_ln(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
+__attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)))
+void status_printf(struct wt_status *s, const char *color, const char *fmt, ...);
 
 #endif /* STATUS_H */
diff --git a/xdiff-interface.c b/xdiff-interface.c
index 0e2c169227..ecfa05f616 100644
--- a/xdiff-interface.c
+++ b/xdiff-interface.c
@@ -156,50 +156,6 @@ int xdi_diff_outf(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
 	return ret;
 }
 
-struct xdiff_emit_hunk_state {
-	xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn consume;
-	void *consume_callback_data;
-};
-
-static int process_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
-			xdemitconf_t const *xecfg)
-{
-	long s1, s2, same, p_next, t_next;
-	xdchange_t *xch, *xche;
-	struct xdiff_emit_hunk_state *state = ecb->priv;
-	xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn fn = state->consume;
-	void *consume_callback_data = state->consume_callback_data;
-
-	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
-		xche = xdl_get_hunk(xch, xecfg);
-
-		s1 = XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
-		s2 = XDL_MAX(xch->i2 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
-		same = s2 + XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - s1, 0);
-		p_next = xche->i1 + xche->chg1;
-		t_next = xche->i2 + xche->chg2;
-
-		fn(consume_callback_data, same, p_next, t_next);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int xdi_diff_hunks(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
-		   xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
-		   xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t *xecfg)
-{
-	struct xdiff_emit_hunk_state state;
-	xdemitcb_t ecb;
-
-	memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
-	memset(&ecb, 0, sizeof(ecb));
-	state.consume = fn;
-	state.consume_callback_data = consume_callback_data;
-	xecfg->emit_func = (void (*)())process_diff;
-	ecb.priv = &state;
-	return xdi_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, xecfg, &ecb);
-}
-
 int read_mmfile(mmfile_t *ptr, const char *filename)
 {
 	struct stat st;
diff --git a/xdiff-interface.h b/xdiff-interface.h
index 49d1116fc3..eff7762ee1 100644
--- a/xdiff-interface.h
+++ b/xdiff-interface.h
@@ -4,15 +4,11 @@
 #include "xdiff/xdiff.h"
 
 typedef void (*xdiff_emit_consume_fn)(void *, char *, unsigned long);
-typedef void (*xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn)(void *, long, long, long);
 
 int xdi_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *ecb);
 int xdi_diff_outf(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
 		  xdiff_emit_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
 		  xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
-int xdi_diff_hunks(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2,
-		   xdiff_emit_hunk_consume_fn fn, void *consume_callback_data,
-		   xpparam_t const *xpp, xdemitconf_t *xecfg);
 int parse_hunk_header(char *line, int len,
 		      int *ob, int *on,
 		      int *nb, int *nn);
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiff.h b/xdiff/xdiff.h
index 00d36c3ac7..c0339919cc 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiff.h
+++ b/xdiff/xdiff.h
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ extern "C" {
 #define XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE (1 << 2)
 #define XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE (1 << 3)
 #define XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL (1 << 4)
+#define XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS (XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL)
+
 #define XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF (1 << 5)
 #define XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF (1 << 6)
-#define XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS (XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE | XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL)
+#define XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK (XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF | XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
+#define XDF_DIFF_ALG(x) ((x) & XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK)
 
-#define XDL_PATCH_NORMAL '-'
-#define XDL_PATCH_REVERSE '+'
-#define XDL_PATCH_MODEMASK ((1 << 8) - 1)
-#define XDL_PATCH_IGNOREBSPACE (1 << 8)
+#define XDF_IGNORE_BLANK_LINES (1 << 7)
 
 #define XDL_EMIT_FUNCNAMES (1 << 0)
 #define XDL_EMIT_COMMON (1 << 1)
@@ -88,13 +88,17 @@ typedef struct s_xdemitcb {
 
 typedef long (*find_func_t)(const char *line, long line_len, char *buffer, long buffer_size, void *priv);
 
+typedef int (*xdl_emit_hunk_consume_func_t)(long start_a, long count_a,
+					    long start_b, long count_b,
+					    void *cb_data);
+
 typedef struct s_xdemitconf {
 	long ctxlen;
 	long interhunkctxlen;
 	unsigned long flags;
 	find_func_t find_func;
 	void *find_func_priv;
-	void (*emit_func)();
+	xdl_emit_hunk_consume_func_t hunk_func;
 } xdemitconf_t;
 
 typedef struct s_bdiffparam {
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.c b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
index 75a3922750..2358a2d632 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiffi.c
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.c
@@ -328,10 +328,10 @@ int xdl_do_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 	xdalgoenv_t xenv;
 	diffdata_t dd1, dd2;
 
-	if (xpp->flags & XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF)
+	if (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) == XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF)
 		return xdl_do_patience_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, xe);
 
-	if (xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
+	if (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) == XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
 		return xdl_do_histogram_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, xe);
 
 	if (xdl_prepare_env(mf1, mf2, xpp, xe) < 0) {
@@ -394,6 +394,7 @@ static xdchange_t *xdl_add_change(xdchange_t *xscr, long i1, long i2, long chg1,
 	xch->i2 = i2;
 	xch->chg1 = chg1;
 	xch->chg2 = chg2;
+	xch->ignore = 0;
 
 	return xch;
 }
@@ -490,7 +491,7 @@ int xdl_change_compact(xdfile_t *xdf, xdfile_t *xdfo, long flags) {
 
 		/*
 		 * Try to move back the possibly merged group of changes, to match
-		 * the recorded postion in the other file.
+		 * the recorded position in the other file.
 		 */
 		while (ixref < ix) {
 			rchg[--ixs] = 1;
@@ -538,13 +539,49 @@ void xdl_free_script(xdchange_t *xscr) {
 	}
 }
 
+static int xdl_call_hunk_func(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
+			      xdemitconf_t const *xecfg)
+{
+	xdchange_t *xch, *xche;
+
+	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
+		xche = xdl_get_hunk(&xch, xecfg);
+		if (!xch)
+			break;
+		if (xecfg->hunk_func(xch->i1, xche->i1 + xche->chg1 - xch->i1,
+				     xch->i2, xche->i2 + xche->chg2 - xch->i2,
+				     ecb->priv) < 0)
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void xdl_mark_ignorable(xdchange_t *xscr, xdfenv_t *xe, long flags)
+{
+	xdchange_t *xch;
+
+	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xch->next) {
+		int ignore = 1;
+		xrecord_t **rec;
+		long i;
+
+		rec = &xe->xdf1.recs[xch->i1];
+		for (i = 0; i < xch->chg1 && ignore; i++)
+			ignore = xdl_blankline(rec[i]->ptr, rec[i]->size, flags);
+
+		rec = &xe->xdf2.recs[xch->i2];
+		for (i = 0; i < xch->chg2 && ignore; i++)
+			ignore = xdl_blankline(rec[i]->ptr, rec[i]->size, flags);
+
+		xch->ignore = ignore;
+	}
+}
 
 int xdl_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 	     xdemitconf_t const *xecfg, xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
 	xdchange_t *xscr;
 	xdfenv_t xe;
-	emit_func_t ef = xecfg->emit_func ?
-		(emit_func_t)xecfg->emit_func : xdl_emit_diff;
+	emit_func_t ef = xecfg->hunk_func ? xdl_call_hunk_func : xdl_emit_diff;
 
 	if (xdl_do_diff(mf1, mf2, xpp, &xe) < 0) {
 
@@ -558,6 +595,9 @@ int xdl_diff(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 		return -1;
 	}
 	if (xscr) {
+		if (xpp->flags & XDF_IGNORE_BLANK_LINES)
+			xdl_mark_ignorable(xscr, &xe, xpp->flags);
+
 		if (ef(&xe, xscr, ecb, xecfg) < 0) {
 
 			xdl_free_script(xscr);
diff --git a/xdiff/xdiffi.h b/xdiff/xdiffi.h
index 7a92ea9c4d..8b81206c9a 100644
--- a/xdiff/xdiffi.h
+++ b/xdiff/xdiffi.h
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ typedef struct s_xdchange {
 	struct s_xdchange *next;
 	long i1, i2;
 	long chg1, chg2;
+	int ignore;
 } xdchange_t;
 
 
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.c b/xdiff/xemit.c
index d11dbf9f13..4266ada23f 100644
--- a/xdiff/xemit.c
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.c
@@ -56,16 +56,51 @@ static int xdl_emit_record(xdfile_t *xdf, long ri, char const *pre, xdemitcb_t *
 /*
  * Starting at the passed change atom, find the latest change atom to be included
  * inside the differential hunk according to the specified configuration.
+ * Also advance xscr if the first changes must be discarded.
  */
-xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg) {
-	xdchange_t *xch, *xchp;
+xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t **xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg)
+{
+	xdchange_t *xch, *xchp, *lxch;
 	long max_common = 2 * xecfg->ctxlen + xecfg->interhunkctxlen;
+	long max_ignorable = xecfg->ctxlen;
+	unsigned long ignored = 0; /* number of ignored blank lines */
+
+	/* remove ignorable changes that are too far before other changes */
+	for (xchp = *xscr; xchp && xchp->ignore; xchp = xchp->next) {
+		xch = xchp->next;
+
+		if (xch == NULL ||
+		    xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1) >= max_ignorable)
+			*xscr = xch;
+	}
+
+	if (*xscr == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	lxch = *xscr;
 
-	for (xchp = xscr, xch = xscr->next; xch; xchp = xch, xch = xch->next)
-		if (xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1) > max_common)
+	for (xchp = *xscr, xch = xchp->next; xch; xchp = xch, xch = xch->next) {
+		long distance = xch->i1 - (xchp->i1 + xchp->chg1);
+		if (distance > max_common)
 			break;
 
-	return xchp;
+		if (distance < max_ignorable && (!xch->ignore || lxch == xchp)) {
+			lxch = xch;
+			ignored = 0;
+		} else if (distance < max_ignorable && xch->ignore) {
+			ignored += xch->chg2;
+		} else if (lxch != xchp &&
+			   xch->i1 + ignored - (lxch->i1 + lxch->chg1) > max_common) {
+			break;
+		} else if (!xch->ignore) {
+			lxch = xch;
+			ignored = 0;
+		} else {
+			ignored += xch->chg2;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return lxch;
 }
 
 
@@ -73,7 +108,7 @@ static long def_ff(const char *rec, long len, char *buf, long sz, void *priv)
 {
 	if (len > 0 &&
 			(isalpha((unsigned char)*rec) || /* identifier? */
-			 *rec == '_' ||	/* also identifier? */
+			 *rec == '_' || /* also identifier? */
 			 *rec == '$')) { /* identifiers from VMS and other esoterico */
 		if (len > sz)
 			len = sz;
@@ -139,7 +174,9 @@ int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 		return xdl_emit_common(xe, xscr, ecb, xecfg);
 
 	for (xch = xscr; xch; xch = xche->next) {
-		xche = xdl_get_hunk(xch, xecfg);
+		xche = xdl_get_hunk(&xch, xecfg);
+		if (!xch)
+			break;
 
 		s1 = XDL_MAX(xch->i1 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
 		s2 = XDL_MAX(xch->i2 - xecfg->ctxlen, 0);
diff --git a/xdiff/xemit.h b/xdiff/xemit.h
index c2e2e83027..d29710770c 100644
--- a/xdiff/xemit.h
+++ b/xdiff/xemit.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 typedef int (*emit_func_t)(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 			   xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 
-xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
+xdchange_t *xdl_get_hunk(xdchange_t **xscr, xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 int xdl_emit_diff(xdfenv_t *xe, xdchange_t *xscr, xdemitcb_t *ecb,
 		  xdemitconf_t const *xecfg);
 
diff --git a/xdiff/xhistogram.c b/xdiff/xhistogram.c
index 18f6f997c3..73210cb6f3 100644
--- a/xdiff/xhistogram.c
+++ b/xdiff/xhistogram.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct histindex {
 	struct record {
 		unsigned int ptr, cnt;
 		struct record *next;
-	} **records, /* an ocurrence */
+	} **records, /* an occurrence */
 	  **line_map; /* map of line to record chain */
 	chastore_t rcha;
 	unsigned int *next_ptrs;
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ static int fall_back_to_classic_diff(struct histindex *index,
 		int line1, int count1, int line2, int count2)
 {
 	xpparam_t xpp;
-	xpp.flags = index->xpp->flags & ~XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF;
+	xpp.flags = index->xpp->flags & ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
 
 	return xdl_fall_back_diff(index->env, &xpp,
 				  line1, count1, line2, count2);
diff --git a/xdiff/xmerge.c b/xdiff/xmerge.c
index 9e13b25abc..625198e058 100644
--- a/xdiff/xmerge.c
+++ b/xdiff/xmerge.c
@@ -245,11 +245,11 @@ static int xdl_fill_merge_buffer(xdfenv_t *xe1, const char *name1,
 					      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
 			/* Postimage from side #1 */
 			if (m->mode & 1)
-				size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, m->i1, m->chg1, 1,
+				size += xdl_recs_copy(xe1, m->i1, m->chg1, (m->mode & 2),
 						      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
 			/* Postimage from side #2 */
 			if (m->mode & 2)
-				size += xdl_recs_copy(xe2, m->i2, m->chg2, 1,
+				size += xdl_recs_copy(xe2, m->i2, m->chg2, 0,
 						      dest ? dest + size : NULL);
 		} else
 			continue;
diff --git a/xdiff/xpatience.c b/xdiff/xpatience.c
index fdd7d0263f..04e1a1ab2a 100644
--- a/xdiff/xpatience.c
+++ b/xdiff/xpatience.c
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ static int fall_back_to_classic_diff(struct hashmap *map,
 		int line1, int count1, int line2, int count2)
 {
 	xpparam_t xpp;
-	xpp.flags = map->xpp->flags & ~XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
+	xpp.flags = map->xpp->flags & ~XDF_DIFF_ALGORITHM_MASK;
 
 	return xdl_fall_back_diff(map->env, &xpp,
 				  line1, count1, line2, count2);
diff --git a/xdiff/xprepare.c b/xdiff/xprepare.c
index e419f4f726..63a22c630e 100644
--- a/xdiff/xprepare.c
+++ b/xdiff/xprepare.c
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ static int xdl_prepare_ctx(unsigned int pass, mmfile_t *mf, long narec, xpparam_
 	if (!(recs = (xrecord_t **) xdl_malloc(narec * sizeof(xrecord_t *))))
 		goto abort;
 
-	if (xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
+	if (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) == XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF)
 		hbits = hsize = 0;
 	else {
 		hbits = xdl_hashbits((unsigned int) narec);
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@ static int xdl_prepare_ctx(unsigned int pass, mmfile_t *mf, long narec, xpparam_
 			crec->ha = hav;
 			recs[nrec++] = crec;
 
-			if (!(xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF) &&
-				xdl_classify_record(pass, cf, rhash, hbits, crec) < 0)
+			if ((XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) != XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF) &&
+			    xdl_classify_record(pass, cf, rhash, hbits, crec) < 0)
 				goto abort;
 		}
 	}
@@ -273,16 +273,15 @@ int xdl_prepare_env(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 	 * (nrecs) will be updated correctly anyway by
 	 * xdl_prepare_ctx().
 	 */
-	sample = xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF ? XDL_GUESS_NLINES2 : XDL_GUESS_NLINES1;
+	sample = (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) == XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF
+		  ? XDL_GUESS_NLINES2 : XDL_GUESS_NLINES1);
 
 	enl1 = xdl_guess_lines(mf1, sample) + 1;
 	enl2 = xdl_guess_lines(mf2, sample) + 1;
 
-	if (!(xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF) &&
-		xdl_init_classifier(&cf, enl1 + enl2 + 1, xpp->flags) < 0) {
-
+	if (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) != XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF &&
+	    xdl_init_classifier(&cf, enl1 + enl2 + 1, xpp->flags) < 0)
 		return -1;
-	}
 
 	if (xdl_prepare_ctx(1, mf1, enl1, xpp, &cf, &xe->xdf1) < 0) {
 
@@ -296,9 +295,9 @@ int xdl_prepare_env(mmfile_t *mf1, mmfile_t *mf2, xpparam_t const *xpp,
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	if (!(xpp->flags & XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF) &&
-			!(xpp->flags & XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF) &&
-			xdl_optimize_ctxs(&cf, &xe->xdf1, &xe->xdf2) < 0) {
+	if ((XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) != XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF) &&
+	    (XDF_DIFF_ALG(xpp->flags) != XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF) &&
+	    xdl_optimize_ctxs(&cf, &xe->xdf1, &xe->xdf2) < 0) {
 
 		xdl_free_ctx(&xe->xdf2);
 		xdl_free_ctx(&xe->xdf1);
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.c b/xdiff/xutils.c
index 0de084e53f..62cb23dfd3 100644
--- a/xdiff/xutils.c
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.c
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
  *
  */
 
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <assert.h>
 #include "xinclude.h"
 
 
@@ -120,35 +122,6 @@ void *xdl_cha_alloc(chastore_t *cha) {
 	return data;
 }
 
-
-void *xdl_cha_first(chastore_t *cha) {
-	chanode_t *sncur;
-
-	if (!(cha->sncur = sncur = cha->head))
-		return NULL;
-
-	cha->scurr = 0;
-
-	return (char *) sncur + sizeof(chanode_t) + cha->scurr;
-}
-
-
-void *xdl_cha_next(chastore_t *cha) {
-	chanode_t *sncur;
-
-	if (!(sncur = cha->sncur))
-		return NULL;
-	cha->scurr += cha->isize;
-	if (cha->scurr == sncur->icurr) {
-		if (!(sncur = cha->sncur = sncur->next))
-			return NULL;
-		cha->scurr = 0;
-	}
-
-	return (char *) sncur + sizeof(chanode_t) + cha->scurr;
-}
-
-
 long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf, long sample) {
 	long nl = 0, size, tsize = 0;
 	char const *data, *cur, *top;
@@ -170,6 +143,19 @@ long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf, long sample) {
 	return nl + 1;
 }
 
+int xdl_blankline(const char *line, long size, long flags)
+{
+	long i;
+
+	if (!(flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS))
+		return (size <= 1);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size && XDL_ISSPACE(line[i]); i++)
+		;
+
+	return (i == size);
+}
+
 int xdl_recmatch(const char *l1, long s1, const char *l2, long s2, long flags)
 {
 	int i1, i2;
@@ -276,6 +262,109 @@ static unsigned long xdl_hash_record_with_whitespace(char const **data,
 	return ha;
 }
 
+#ifdef XDL_FAST_HASH
+
+#define REPEAT_BYTE(x)  ((~0ul / 0xff) * (x))
+
+#define ONEBYTES	REPEAT_BYTE(0x01)
+#define NEWLINEBYTES	REPEAT_BYTE(0x0a)
+#define HIGHBITS	REPEAT_BYTE(0x80)
+
+/* Return the high bit set in the first byte that is a zero */
+static inline unsigned long has_zero(unsigned long a)
+{
+	return ((a - ONEBYTES) & ~a) & HIGHBITS;
+}
+
+static inline long count_masked_bytes(unsigned long mask)
+{
+	if (sizeof(long) == 8) {
+		/*
+		 * Jan Achrenius on G+: microoptimized version of
+		 * the simpler "(mask & ONEBYTES) * ONEBYTES >> 56"
+		 * that works for the bytemasks without having to
+		 * mask them first.
+		 */
+		/*
+		 * return mask * 0x0001020304050608 >> 56;
+		 *
+		 * Doing it like this avoids warnings on 32-bit machines.
+		 */
+		long a = (REPEAT_BYTE(0x01) / 0xff + 1);
+		return mask * a >> (sizeof(long) * 7);
+	} else {
+		/* Carl Chatfield / Jan Achrenius G+ version for 32-bit */
+		/* (000000 0000ff 00ffff ffffff) -> ( 1 1 2 3 ) */
+		long a = (0x0ff0001 + mask) >> 23;
+		/* Fix the 1 for 00 case */
+		return a & mask;
+	}
+}
+
+unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags)
+{
+	unsigned long hash = 5381;
+	unsigned long a = 0, mask = 0;
+	char const *ptr = *data;
+	char const *end = top - sizeof(unsigned long) + 1;
+
+	if (flags & XDF_WHITESPACE_FLAGS)
+		return xdl_hash_record_with_whitespace(data, top, flags);
+
+	ptr -= sizeof(unsigned long);
+	do {
+		hash += hash << 5;
+		hash ^= a;
+		ptr += sizeof(unsigned long);
+		if (ptr >= end)
+			break;
+		a = *(unsigned long *)ptr;
+		/* Do we have any '\n' bytes in this word? */
+		mask = has_zero(a ^ NEWLINEBYTES);
+	} while (!mask);
+
+	if (ptr >= end) {
+		/*
+		 * There is only a partial word left at the end of the
+		 * buffer. Because we may work with a memory mapping,
+		 * we have to grab the rest byte by byte instead of
+		 * blindly reading it.
+		 *
+		 * To avoid problems with masking in a signed value,
+		 * we use an unsigned char here.
+		 */
+		const char *p;
+		for (p = top - 1; p >= ptr; p--)
+			a = (a << 8) + *((const unsigned char *)p);
+		mask = has_zero(a ^ NEWLINEBYTES);
+		if (!mask)
+			/*
+			 * No '\n' found in the partial word.  Make a
+			 * mask that matches what we read.
+			 */
+			mask = 1UL << (8 * (top - ptr) + 7);
+	}
+
+	/* The mask *below* the first high bit set */
+	mask = (mask - 1) & ~mask;
+	mask >>= 7;
+	hash += hash << 5;
+	hash ^= a & mask;
+
+	/* Advance past the last (possibly partial) word */
+	ptr += count_masked_bytes(mask);
+
+	if (ptr < top) {
+		assert(*ptr == '\n');
+		ptr++;
+	}
+
+	*data = ptr;
+
+	return hash;
+}
+
+#else /* XDL_FAST_HASH */
 
 unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags) {
 	unsigned long ha = 5381;
@@ -293,6 +382,7 @@ unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags) {
 	return ha;
 }
 
+#endif /* XDL_FAST_HASH */
 
 unsigned int xdl_hashbits(unsigned int size) {
 	unsigned int val = 1, bits = 0;
@@ -324,20 +414,6 @@ int xdl_num_out(char *out, long val) {
 	return str - out;
 }
 
-
-long xdl_atol(char const *str, char const **next) {
-	long val, base;
-	char const *top;
-
-	for (top = str; XDL_ISDIGIT(*top); top++);
-	if (next)
-		*next = top;
-	for (val = 0, base = 1, top--; top >= str; top--, base *= 10)
-		val += base * (long)(*top - '0');
-	return val;
-}
-
-
 int xdl_emit_hunk_hdr(long s1, long c1, long s2, long c2,
 		      const char *func, long funclen, xdemitcb_t *ecb) {
 	int nb = 0;
diff --git a/xdiff/xutils.h b/xdiff/xutils.h
index 714719a89c..4646ce5752 100644
--- a/xdiff/xutils.h
+++ b/xdiff/xutils.h
@@ -31,14 +31,12 @@ int xdl_emit_diffrec(char const *rec, long size, char const *pre, long psize,
 int xdl_cha_init(chastore_t *cha, long isize, long icount);
 void xdl_cha_free(chastore_t *cha);
 void *xdl_cha_alloc(chastore_t *cha);
-void *xdl_cha_first(chastore_t *cha);
-void *xdl_cha_next(chastore_t *cha);
 long xdl_guess_lines(mmfile_t *mf, long sample);
+int xdl_blankline(const char *line, long size, long flags);
 int xdl_recmatch(const char *l1, long s1, const char *l2, long s2, long flags);
 unsigned long xdl_hash_record(char const **data, char const *top, long flags);
 unsigned int xdl_hashbits(unsigned int size);
 int xdl_num_out(char *out, long val);
-long xdl_atol(char const *str, char const **next);
 int xdl_emit_hunk_hdr(long s1, long c1, long s2, long c2,
 		      const char *func, long funclen, xdemitcb_t *ecb);
 int xdl_fall_back_diff(xdfenv_t *diff_env, xpparam_t const *xpp,
diff --git a/zlib.c b/zlib.c
index 2b2c0c780e..4223f1a8c5 100644
--- a/zlib.c
+++ b/zlib.c
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ void git_deflate_init(git_zstream *strm, int level)
 {
 	int status;
 
+	memset(strm, 0, sizeof(*strm));
 	zlib_pre_call(strm);
 	status = deflateInit(&strm->z, level);
 	zlib_post_call(strm);
@@ -168,15 +169,11 @@ void git_deflate_init(git_zstream *strm, int level)
 	    strm->z.msg ? strm->z.msg : "no message");
 }
 
-void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+static void do_git_deflate_init(git_zstream *strm, int level, int windowBits)
 {
-	/*
-	 * Use default 15 bits, +16 is to generate gzip header/trailer
-	 * instead of the zlib wrapper.
-	 */
-	const int windowBits = 15 + 16;
 	int status;
 
+	memset(strm, 0, sizeof(*strm));
 	zlib_pre_call(strm);
 	status = deflateInit2(&strm->z, level,
 				  Z_DEFLATED, windowBits,
@@ -188,6 +185,24 @@ void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
 	    strm->z.msg ? strm->z.msg : "no message");
 }
 
+void git_deflate_init_gzip(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use default 15 bits, +16 is to generate gzip header/trailer
+	 * instead of the zlib wrapper.
+	 */
+	do_git_deflate_init(strm, level, 15 + 16);
+}
+
+void git_deflate_init_raw(git_zstream *strm, int level)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Use default 15 bits, negate the value to get raw compressed
+	 * data without zlib header and trailer.
+	 */
+	do_git_deflate_init(strm, level, -15);
+}
+
 int git_deflate_abort(git_zstream *strm)
 {
 	int status;